Full text of "Report of the State Commissioners of Fisheries for the year 1889-1891"

See other formats

Author:  Pennsylvania  State  Commissioners  of  Fisheries 

Title:  Report  of  the  State  Commissioners  of  Fisheries  for 
the  year... 

Place  of  Publication:  Harrisburg 

Copyright  Date:  1889-1891 


Master  Negative  Storage  Number:  l\/INS#  PSt  SNPaAg235.7 


REPORT 


o 

•X. 

t/5 


o 


OF  THE 


STATE  COMMISSIONERS 


OF 


FISHERIES, 


FOR  THE 


YEAKS  1889-90-91. 


With  Appendix  by  Db.  T.  H.  Bean,  op  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 


HARRISBURG: 

EDWIN   K.  MEYER8,  STATE   PRINTER. 
1892. 


i 

5. 


X 


■J. 
J. 


y. 


■J. 
y. 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


oil 

lO 

(o. 


i 


Y—. 


I 


REPORT 


OF  THE 


STATE  COMMISSIONERS 


OF 


FISHERIES, 


FOR  THE 


YEARS  18SiM)0-91 


With  Api'kndix  by  Dk.  T.  H.   liKAX,  of  the  Smithjsoxian  IxsTrrrTiox. 


HAIUIISBITU;: 

FIAVIN    K.  MKYKUS,  STAIT.    I'lilNTEU. 
185)2. 


r 


1     > 

r 
/ 


00 


Fish  Commissioners  of  Pennsylvania, 


PRESIDENT: 

HENRY  C.  FORD,  1823  Vine  street,  Philadelphia. 


SECRETARY : 

H.  C.  DEMUTH.  Lancaster. 


CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY  : 

GEORGE  H.  WELSHONS,  Pittsburg. 


TREASURER: 

W.  L.  POAVELL,  HaiTisbur^. 


S.  B.  STILLWELL,  Scrantou. 
LOUIS  STREUBER,  Erie. 


g"/// 


1-19-91. 


Official  Document. 


No.  19 


rw^ 


R  E  P  O  R  1 


OK   THK 


STATE  COMMISSIONERS  OF  FISHERIES. 


To  His  Excellency  Robekt  E.  Pattihon,  Governor  of  the  (Joinniouwealth 

of  Pennsylvania : 

The  State  Commissioners  of  Fisheries  have  the  honor  to  present  their 
report  for  the  period  from  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1,  1891, 

The  recommendations  in  the  last  report  have  been  acted  upon  by  the 
legislature,  and  the  work  of  the  commission  has  been  thereby  greatly 
enlarged  and  expanded  to  the  permanent  benefit  of  the  state. 

An  interstate  code  of  fishery  laws  for  the  Delaware  river  has  been 
enacted  by  the  legislatures  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  which  has 
furthered  and  developed  the  growth  of  the  shad  fishing  industry  of  that 
river  by  an  increase  so  marked  as  to  justify  the  statement  that  in  the 
value  of  its  shad  product,  the  Delaware  is  now  pre-eminent  among  the 
rivers  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 

A  production  that  has  increased  from  a  valuation  of  eighty  thousand 
dollars  in  1881,  to  seven  and  eight  times  that  amount  in  1890  and  1891, 
is  the  best  comment  on  the  importance  of  restrictive  laws,  and  the  ben- 
efit of  the  annual  re-stocking  that  has  been  done  by  the  United  States 
and  Pennsylvania  Fish  Commissions. 

Seining  out  of  season,  pound-nets  and  fish-weirs  are  things  of  the 
past  in  this  river,  ^vith  the  result  of  a  large  annual  increase  of  wealth 
to  the  states  that  have  so  judiciously'  abolished  them. 

Ten  years  ago  many  of  the  principal  fisheries  of  the  river  and  bay 
were  abandoned,  and  it  seemed  that  the  shad  fishing  industry  was  in 
danger  of  extinction. 

The  upper  Delaware  is  the  nursery  of  the  young  fish  that,  when  ma- 
ture, make  profitable  the  la))ors  of  the  fishermen  in  the  lower  river  and 
bay. 

The  fish  baskets  that  killed  the  young  fish  are  now  destroyed,  with 
hetivy  penalties  enacted  against  their  reinstatement ;  and  witii  no  nets 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


permitted  in  the  river  after  the  close  of  the  shad  season,  the  young" 
shad  have  been  enabled  to  descend  the  river  in  safety  to  the  sea,  to  return 
mature  fish,  bringing  food  and  profit  to  the  people. 

All  this  work  has  not  been  accomplished  without  opposition,  an  opposi- 
tion, however,  that  has  either  been  owing  to  a  misconception  of  the  work 
of  the  commission,  or  has  proceeded  from  those  who  have  heretofore  per- 
sonally benefited  by  illegal  fishing  to  the  detriment  of  the  public  weal. 

The  fishermen  themselves  feared  that  the  production  of  large  num- 
bers of  shad  by  re-stocking,  would  lower  prices  and  injure  the  market 
for  their  fish.  They  forgot  that  the  facilities  of  modern  transportation 
would  overcome  any  glut,  and  to-day  in  the  fish  markets  of  Cincinnati, 
Cleveland,  Chicago  and  other  western  cities,  the  signs  "Delaware  river 
shad  "  are  witnesses  to  the  renewed  fecundity  of  the  river  and  the  value 
of  refrigerator  cars. 

The  erection  of  fishways  jointly  by  the  Pennsylvania  and  New  York 
Fish  Commissions  in  the  only  obstruction  to  the  ascent  of  fish  in  the 
Delaware  river.  The  dam  at  Lackawaxen,  has  been  signally  success- 
ful in  giving  over  one  hundred  miles  more  of  the  river  to  the  shad, 
yielding  that  much  more  area  for  spawning  purposes  and  enabling  the 
people  of  the  far  upper  valley  to  once  more  enjoy  a  food  fish  of  which 
they  had  long  been  deprived. 

As  evidence  of  the  success  of  these  fish-ways  an  extract  from  the  re- 
port of  Fish  Protector  Snyder  to  the  New  York  Fish  Commission,  pub- 
lished in  the  New  York  report  for  1891,  may  not  be  amiss.  He  says: 
"Since  the  building  of  the  Lackawaxen  dam,  forty -five  or  fifty  years  ago, 
not  a  shad  was  seen  above  the  dam  until  the  spring  of  1890,  after  the 
fishways  were  put  in,  which  have  proven  a  great  success. 

"The  Burrows  dam  (in  New  York)  is  about  seventy  miles  above  I^ack- 
awaxen  dam.  I  was  informed  by  reliable  witnesses  that  last  spring 
there  were  vast  numbers  of  shad  below  the  apron  of  the  dam  and  that 
for  many  rods  the  water  was  a  solid  mass  of  fish. 

"On  the  east  branch  of  the  river  last  spring  the  shad  ran  up  to  within 
about  thirty  miles  of  the  headwaters. 

"At  Downsville  (in  New  Y^ork),  thirty -eight  were  caught  at  one  haul 
with  a  net  made  of  coarse  grain  sacks." 

The  largest  shad  taken  in  the  Delware  in  1891,  weighing  ten  and  one- 
half  pounds,  was  caught  in  the  Lackawaxen  river  above  the  fishways  in 
the  Delaware. 

There  is  a  necessity  for  more  stringent  legislation  to  prevent  the 
netting  and  spearing  of  shad  within  a  certain  distance  of  these  fish, 
ways.  If  the  successful  work  of  the  Fish  Commission  in  the  Delaware 
is  to  progress  to  still  greater  efticiency,  it  must  largely  depend  upon 
thorough  protection;  and  the  people  of  the  state,  through  their  repre- 
sentatives in  the  legislature,  should  sanction  the  requests  of  the  com- 
missioners for  this  purpose.     Having  so  greatly  benefited  the  shad  fish- 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


5 


eries  of  the  Delaware,  the  commissioners  are  now  turning  their  atten- 
tion to  the  Susquehanna.  This  river  in  the  early  days  of  the  common 
wealth  rivaled  and  doubtless  excelled  the  Delaware  in  shad  production. 
The  marvelous  catches  of  the  past,  when  the  fish  ran  far  up  the  North 
Branch  into  New  York,  are  graphically  described  by  Col.  John  Gay,  in 
his  interesting  article  in  this  report,  on  the  shad  rivers  of  Pennsylvania. 
Several  causes  have  conspired  to  bring  about  the  deterioration  of  the 
Susquehanna  as  a  shad  river. 

The  erection  of  dams  as  feeders  of  the  canal  system  along  the  river 
has  prevented  the  shad  from  ascending  the  river  higher  up  than  Co- 
lumbia, until  the  present  year. 

The  river  can  never  be  thoroughly  restored  to  its  past  condition  until, 
like  the  Delaware,  the  spawning  fish  can  again  approach  its  headwaters 
and  the  young  shad  can  descend  the  river  to  the  sea. 

A  system  of  fishways  in  the  several  dams  can  only  accomplish  this. 
Several  fishways  were  built  by  previous  commissions  in  the  Columbia 
dam,  but  owing  to  inexperience  and  defective  principles  of  construc- 
tion, they  were  failures  and  were  carried  away  by  ice  or  heavy  freshets. 
The  present  or  Kogers'  fish  way  was  greatly  improved  during  the  past 
year  with  the  result  that  considerable  numbers  of  shad  have  been  taken 
in  the  river  up  to  the  next  or  Clark's  ferry  dam,  and  Millerstown  dam 
on  the  Juniata. 

An  appropriation  should  be  made  by  the  legislature  for  the  erection 
of  fishways  in  the  Millerstown,  the  Clark's  Ferry  and  the  Shamokin 
dams.  This  will  enable  the  shad  to  ascend  the  river  as  far  as  the  Naii- 
ticoke  dam  on  the  North  Branch,  and  to  Muncy  on  the  West  Branch, 
and  the  Juniata  alx)ve  Millerstown. 

If  the  Susquehanna  is  again  to  be  matle  as  great  a  shad  producing 
river  as  the  Delaware,  the  fish  baskets  th.at  destroy  the  young  shad  on 
their  passage  down  to  the  sea  should  be  thoroughly  eradicated.  Hun- 
dreds have  already  been  taken  out  by  Commissioners  Powell  and  De- 
muth  in  the  main  river,  and  by  Mr.  Stillwell,  the  Scranton  commis- 
sioner, in  the  North  Branch. 

The  fourteen  miles  of  the  Susquehanna  flowing  through  Maryland 
into  the  Chesapeake  bay  is  filled  with  these  destructive  agencies  that 
are  a  fatal  factor  against  the  restoration  of  the  river  as  a  shad  producing 
stream. 

An  appeal  has  been  made  to  the  Maryland  commissioners  to  suppress 
these  devices  that  act  against  the  best  interests  of  both  states,  in  re- 
tarding the  progress  of  fish  propagation,  and  which  emasculate  the  ef- 
forts of  the  United  States  and  Pennsylvania  commissions  in  stocking 
the  river  with  fish  that  are  destroyed  in  its  lower  reaches  by  nuisances 
that  are  practically  legalized  by  Maryland. 

We  hope  that  the  Maryland  commission  will  take  prompt  measures 
to  abolish  the  fisii  baskets  that  arc  so  prejudicial  to  the  fish  producing 


G 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc  . 


interests  of  both  states ;  for  the  Susquehanna,  like  the  Delaware,  is  the 
temporary  home  of  the  young-  fish,  that,  when  mature,  fill  every  inlet  and 
estuary  of  the  Chesapeake. 

If  the  number  of  these  fish  are  lessened  in  the  future  by  the  above 
causes,  as  they  have  been  decreased  in  the  past  few  yeai-s,  the  shad  fish- 
eries of  Maryland,  as  well  as  those  of  the  Susquehanna.  M'ill  soon  cease 
to  be  productive. 

The  legislature  of  1890  authorized  tlie  construction  of  a  fish  car,  and 
made  an  appropriation  for  that  purpose.  This  car  will  ^ive  the  commis- 
sion g-reater  facilities  for  the  transportation  of  fish  fry  and  eggs,  and  can 
also  be  utilized  for  hatching  purposes  at  a  small  additional  expense. 

The  principal  railroads  of  the  state,  recognizing  the  benefits  that  will 
issue  from  stocking  the  streams  in  their  respective  localities,  have  gen- 
erously offered  free  transportation  for  the  car  and  the  employes.  By 
means  of  this  car  large  quantities  of  mature  fish  can  be  brought  from 
westei-n  rivers  and  from  Lake  Erie  for  stocking  our  low-land  streams  and 
rivers,  also  our  mountain  lakes,  with  better  varieties  of  food  fish  than 
many  of  them  now  contain. 

Shad  fry  can  be  run  from  the  hatcheries  to  stock  the  upper  watei-s  of 
the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna,  and  pike  perch  from  the  Erie  hatchery 
can  be  transported  to  these  and  other  waters  in  excellent  condition, 
owing  to  the  care  of  experienced  messengers,  who  will  have  in  the  car 
all  the  facilities  needed  for  their  safe  handling  and  preservation. 

At  the  close  of  the  white  fish  hatching  in  the  Erie  hatchery  in  1890, 
the  commission  commenced  the  hatching  of  pike  perch,  the  fish  second 
in  commercial  importance  in  the  watere  of  Lake  Erie.  The  eggs  were 
obtained  from  the  western  end  of  the  lake,  through  the  United  States 
commission,  and  the  collection  of  Superintendent  Buller.  The  work  was 
successful,  and  the  large  number  of  eighteen  millions  of  young  fry  was 
planted  in  Lake  Erie  and  many  of  the  principal  rivers  and  streams  of 
the  state. 

The  success  of  the  experiment,  repeated  in  1891,  by  the  hatching  and 
distributing  of  over  forty  millions  of  fry,  lias  led  the  commissioners  to 
make  more  extensive  preparations  for  its  repetition  in  the  coming  year. 

In  1889  one  hundred  thousand  Penobscot  salmon  eggs  were  received 
from  the  hatchery  of  the  United  States  commission  in  Maine,  and 
hatched  at  Allentown. 

The  youug  fry  were  deposited  in  the  streams  tributary  to  the  head 
waters  of  the  upper  Delaware,  in  Wayne  county. 

Owing  to  the  short  supply  of  eggs  in  Maine,  the  commissioners  could 
not  obtain  any  in  1890,  but  in  1891  three  hundred  thousand  eggs  were 
obtained  from  the  United  States  commission,  and  hatched  at  Allentown 
and  Corry. 

As  the  fry  were  deposited  in  excellent  condition  in  the  streams  flow- 
ing into  the  upper  Delaware,  the  only  river  in  the  state  fitted  to  receive 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


them,  owing  to  its  freedom  from  dams  and  obstructions,  it  is  hoped  that 
time  will  show  a  successful  result.  These  fish  remain  in  the  river  two 
years  before  descending  to  the  sea,  whence  they  return  in  three  years  as 

mature  fish. 

The  young  smolts  of  the  first  planting  were  seen  in  the  Delawai-e 
during  the  past  summer  in  considerable  numbers. 

The  success  of  the  New  York  commissioners  in  stocking  the  Hudson 
with  salmon  fry,  led  the  Pennsylvania  commission  to  attempt  the  stock- 
ing of  the  Delaware. 

The  Delaware  river,  in  its  freedom  from  artificial  obstruction,  in  its 
long  rifts  and  splendid  pools,  and  in  the  purity  and  low  temperature  of 
its  upper  waters,  in  which  trout  are  found  over  a  hundred  miles  below 
its  source,  possesses  all  the  requirements  of  a  salmon  river. 

An  act  was  passed  by  the  last  legislature  for  the  protection  of  these 
fish,  which  is  similar  to  that  of  New  York. 

As  an  example  of  the  inability  of  the  commission,  with  all  its  increased 
facilities,  to  keep  pace  with  the  public  demand  for  fish,  we  will  instance 
the  application  for  trout  f r^  alone : 

With  a  production  of  over  two  million  and  a  half  of  brook  trout  fry  in 
1891,  there  were  applications  made  for  over  four  millions.  A  similar 
state  of  affairs  existed  in  1889  and  1890,  and  this  in  the  face  of  the  en- 
largement of  the  Allentown  and  Corry  hatcheries  to  double  their  former 

capacity. 

It  is  evident  that  a  greater  enlargement  of  the  plant  should  be  made. 

A  new  hatchery  should  be  erected  in  the  southern  central  ]iortion  of 
the  state,  near  the  Susquehanna  valley. 

This  would  seem  to  be  the  most  equitable  location,  as  the  western 
portion  of  the  state  has  the  Erie  and  Corry  hatcheries,  and  the  eastern 
portion  can  readily  be  supplied  from  the  hatchery  at  Allentown. 

New  York,  with  an  area  but  little  larger  than  Pennsylvania,  has  five 
hatcheries. 

The  vast  increase  in  the  production  of  brook  trout  fry  has  hardly  l>een 

realized. 

It  has  increased  from  an  output  of  three  hundred  thousand  in  1885,  to  ' 
over  two  and  a  half  millions  in  1891. 

On  application  from  the  Pennsylvania  commissioners,  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission,  in  1880,  brought  from  their  hatchery  at  Sandusky, 
Ohio,  nearly  nine  millions  of  pike  perch  fry.  These  were  deposited  in 
the  Delaware  river,  above  Port  Jervis ;  in  the  Schuylkill,  below  Read, 
ing,  and  in  the  Juniata,  Lehigh  and  Susquehanna.  They  have  already 
been  taken  in  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill  rivers,  in  which  they  were 
not  previously  found. 

Since  the  hatching  of  these  fish  was  commenced  at  our  Erie  station, 
they  have  been  brought  to  our  eastern  rivers  and  low-laud  streams.  In 
1890,  the  I"'^nited  States  commission,  at  the  request  of  the  Pennsylvania 


8 


Keport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


commissioners,  collected,  in  the  rivers  of  Illinois,  several  thousand  ma- 
ture fish,  strawbeny  bass,  white  bass,  rock  bass  and  crappie,  which  were 
planted  in  our  eastern  rivers,  mountain  lakes  and  larger  streams. 

In  1890  and  1891  these  fish  were  also  collected  in  Lake  Erie,  by  the 
commissioners,  and  planted  in  the  waters  of  the  state  best  adapted  to 
their  propag-ation.  The  new  fish  car  will  be  an  important  agent  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  these  mature  fish  in  greater  numbers  and  better  condition 
than  has  hitherto  been  practicable. 

The  commissioners,  as  the  result  of  several  years'  experiment,  have 
been  convinced  that  no  species  of  trout  is  so  well  adapted  to  our  mount- 
ain streams  as  the  native  brook  trout. 

They  have,  therefore,  discontinued  the  former  large  production  of  Cali- 
fornia trout,  only  propagating  enough  of  these  to  supply  local  demands. 

Most  of  the  mature  breeding  California  trout  have  been  planted  in 
lakes  and  waters  for  which  application  had  been  made. 

Wardens  have  been  appointed  by  the  several  commissioners  in  most 
of  the  counties  of  the, state,  and  their  patrol  of  the  larger  rivers  and 
guardianship  of  the  interior  streams  has  resulted  in  many  convictions 
for  infractions  of  the  fishery  laws.  Their  inHuence  in  repressing  the 
lawlessly  inclined,  has  abided  greatly  to  the  security  <jf  fishery  interests 
in  the  commonwealth. 

It  is  but  just  to  remark  in  this  connection  that  both  the  New  York  and 
New  Jersey  commissioners  have  co-operated  with  our  commission  in  its 
eflforts  to  protect  the  interests  of  our  boundary  river,  the  Delaware. 

The  past  three  years  have  also  been  marked  by  a  great  increase  in  the 
number  of  fish  protective  associations  formed  throughout  the  state 
showing  that  tlie  people  of  the  commonwealth  realize  that  protective 
measures  are  conducive  to  the  preservation  of  the  fish  These  societies 
liave  taken  an  active  part  in  the  distribution  and  protection  of  fish  in 
their  respective  localities. 

They  have  interested  themselves  in  the  appointment  of  competent 
wardens,  and  in  may  instances  have  prosecuted  offendei's  against  the 
fishing  laws. 

They  have  created  a  healthy  ])ublic  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  work  of 
the  Fish  Commission  and  have  done  much  to  ease  and  lighten  its  labors. 
To  the  i^arent  society  of  these  organizations,  the  Pennsylvania  Fish 
Protective  Association,  the  commissioners  desire  to  express  their  thanks 
for  the  encouragement  and  help  rendered  in  the  performance  of  their 
work.  The  members  of  this  association  have  personally  secured  appli- 
cations for  the  stocking  of  public  streams  throughout  the  commonwealth, 
and  have  protected  and  guarded  them  against  illegal  devices  at  consid- 
erabh^  expense. 

The  influence  of  this  and  kindred  soci'jties  has  rapidly  evolved  the 
sympathy  of  the  intelligent  public  in  favor  of  the  commission,  and  has 
shown  it  wliat  has  been  done  to  further  the  fishing  interests  of  the  state. 


No.  19.1 


Fish  Commissioners. 


9 


Restrictive  laws  may  seem  hai-sh  until  it  is  found  they  are  productive 
of  good.  Liberty  is  not  synonymous  with  license  but  only  that  liberty 
is  allowable  which  keeps  within  the  boundary  of  the  law. 

How  many  of  our  rivers  and  streams  are  to-day  barren  of  food  fish; 
their  early  productiveness  a  thing  of  the  past.  Yet  in  England  the 
trout  to-day  rises  to  the  fly  in  the  streams  where  Walton,  centuries  ago, 
cast  his  feathered  lure,  and  the  salmon  rivers  of  Ireland  and  Scotland 
yield  that  noble  fish  as  in  the  past,  all  owing  to  the  benefit  of  restnctive 
laws  We  have  now  in  Pennsylvania  as  good  a  code  of  fishery  laws  as 
any  state  possesses.  With  some  slight  modification  and  amendment 
they  are  all  that  we  require.  Yet  at  every  session  of  the  legislature  the 
commissioners  are  obliged  to  use  the  greatest  vigilance  lest  the  good 
work  now  accomplished  should  be  undone  by  laws  there  sought  to  be 

enacted.  , 

The  fishery  commission  is  the  conservator  of  the  fishery  interests  of 
the  state,  and  any  act  affecting  these  interests,  or  the  present  fishery 
laws,  should  be  referred  from  its  appropriate  committee  to  the  State 
Fishery  Commission  before  action  is  taken  upon  it.  In  this  manner 
much  conflicting  legislation  could  be  avoided  and  a  uniformity  of  enact- 
ment could  be  secured  that  would  largely  lighten  the  labors  of  the  com- 
mission. 

In  the  session  of  1890  to  1891,  the  commission  endeavored  to  secure 

legislation  preventing  the  pollution  of  state  watei-s. 

Some  of  our  best  rivers  and  streams  have  been  ruined  for  fish  propa- 
gating purposes  by  deposits  of  sawdust,  tannery  refuse,  culm  and  other 
noxious  substances  injurious  not  only  to  fish  but  aftecting  also  human 
life  where  the  waters  are  used  for  drinking  or  culinary  purposes. 

The  proposed  act  was  defeated;  but  until  similar  legislation  is  secured 
many  of  our  state  waters  will  be  unprcxluctive  of  good  results  however 
heavily  they  may  be  stocked. 

The  commission  is  under  great  obligations  to  the  press  of  the  state 
for  the  unanimity  of  the  support  accorded  to  its  projects,  for  their  hearty 
endors€^ment  of  its  work  and  for  the  publication  of  the  details  of  that^ 
work  in  different  sections  of  the  commonwealth.  The  newspaper  is  the 
educator  of  the  people  and  the  commissioners  have  found  the  press  of 
Pennsylvania  ever  ready  to  spread  the  results  of  their  endeavors  before 
the  public,  to  respond  to  their  appeal  when  injudicious  legislation 
threatened,  and  to  give  them  due  credit  for  disinterested  exertions  in  the 
performance  of  their  duties. 

An  appropriation  has  been  made  by  the  World's  Fair  Commission  of 
the  State  to  the  Fish  Commission  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  fishery 
ex)iibit  at  the  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago  in  1893,  and  the  cora- 
misfeioners  hope  to  make  an  exhibit  that  will  be  a  credit  to  a  state  that 
has  taken  a  foremost  rank  among  the  states  of  the  Union  in  fish  culture 
anu  fish  production. 


10 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


The  commissioners  are  greatly  indebted  to  the  Pennsylvania,  the 
Philadelphia  and  Reading-,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  and  Western,  the 
Lehigrli  Valley,  New  York,  Lake  Erie  and  Western,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
and  other  railroads  for  their  liberality  in  transporting  fish  and  fry  with- 
out charge. 

This  far-sighted  policy  will  doubtless  increase  their  revenues  by  the 
additional  attractiveness  of  the  localities  benefited  by  stocking  to  the 
citizens  of  this  and  other  states.  The  commissioners  also  desire  to  thank 
the  United  States  Commission  for  many  favors.  The  yearly  deposits  of 
shad  fry  received  from  the  United  States  commission's  hatcheries  at 
Gloucester  and  Port  Deposit  have  added  greatly  to  the  profits  of  the 
fishing  interests  in  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  rivers. 

Appended  to  this  report  is  an  able  article  by  Dr.  Tarleton  H.  Beau, 
on  "The  Fishes  of  Pennsylvania,"  which,  from  its  accuracy,  careful  de- 
scription and  truthful  illustration,  will  take  its  place  as  a  standard 
work  among  ichthyologists,  scientists,  and  all  who  are  interested  in  the 
development  of  fish  culture  in  Pennsylvania. 

In  conclusion  the  commissioners  would  call  the  attention  of  the  leg- 
islature to  the  necessity  of  larger  appropriations,  owing  to  the  great  ex- 
pansion of  its  work  and  the  increasing  demands  of  the  community  for 
fish  for  stocking  jiurposes,  a  demand  that,  with  the  present  plant  of  the 
commission,  is  inadequately  met. 

The  commission  has  annually  applications  for  niort'  than  double  the 
quantity  of  fish  and  fry  that  the}'  can  furnish. 

The  warden  service  has  been  largely  extended  and  should  be  increased 
until  the  fisher}^  interests  of  every  county  in  the  state  is  thoroughly 
protected. 

Our  appropriations  should  keep  pace  with  our  output  of  fish  and  fry. 

No  department  of  the  state  is  probabh'  more  economically  adminis- 
tered. The  commissioners  devote  their  timt?  and  services  to  the  public 
without  remuneration,  asking  only  that  the  people  show  their  apprecia 
tion  of  their  efforts  by  endorsing,  through  their  legislators,  tlieir  recom- 
mendations for  the  ]>ublic  good. 

HENRY  C.  FORD, 
H.  C.  DEMUTH, 
GEO.  H.  WELSHONS, 
S.  B.  STILL WEL, 
LOUIS  STREUBER, 
W   L.  PO^^T.LL. 


10 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc- 


Tlio  cnmmissioiu'is  arc  preath'  in(lel)to(l  to  tlift  Peuusylvania.  th«' 
l*liihuloIpliia  and  Rcadini;-,  tlif  JX4a\vai»',  Lackawauua  and  Western,  the 
Lehi^li  Valley,  New  York,  fjake  Erie  and  Western,  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
and  other  railroads  for  their  liberality  in  transporting-  tish  and  fry  with 
out  charpfe. 

This  far  sipfhted  poliey  will  doulttlcss  increase  their  revenues  by  the 
additional  attraetiveness  of  the  localities  benetited  by  stocking-  to  th«* 
citizens  of  this  and  (jtlier  states.  The  commissioners  also  desire  to  thank 
the  I'nited  States  C(mimission  for  many  favors.  The  yearly  deposits  of 
shad  fiy  received  fnmi  the  United  States  commissions  hatcheries  at 
Gloucester  and  Port  Deposit  have  added  irreatly  to  the  prt)tits  of  the 
fishinjif  intert  sts  in  the  Delaware  and  Suscjuehanna  riveis. 

Appended  to  this  report  is  an  able  article  by  Dr.  Tarleton  H.  B«\an. 
on  "Tlu'  Fishes  of  Pennsylvania,"  which,  from  its  aecuracy,  careful  de- 
scription and  truthful  illustration,  will  take  its  place  as  a  standard 
work  among"  ichthyologists,  scientists,  and  all  wIk*  are  interested  in  the 
develoi)ment  of  tish  culture  in  Pennsylvania. 

In  conclusion  the  commissiom-rs  would  call  the  attenti(>n   of  the  leir- 
islature  to  the  necessity  of  larger  appro])riations,  owing  to  the  g-reat  ex 
pansion  of  its  work  and  the  increasing  demaiuls  of  the  comnnniity  for 
tish  foi'  stocking"  i>urposes,  a  tlemand  that,  with  the  present  plant  of  the 
commission,  is  inade<juately  met. 

The  commission  has  annually  applications  for  more  than  double  the 
(piantity  of  tish  and  fry  that  they  ran  furnish. 

The  warden  service  has  been  largely  extended  and  should  be  increased 
until  the  tishery  interests  of  every  county  in  the  state  is  tlioroug"hly 
protected. 

Our  ai)propriations  should  keep  pace  with  our  output  of  fish  and  fry. 

No  (h'partnient  of  the  state  is  probably  uiore  i-conomically  adminis 
tered.     The  commissioners  devote  their  time  and  st'rvices  to  the  public 
without  remunerati«)n,  asking  only  that  the  people  show  their  a|)precia 
tion  of  their  eti'orts  l)y  endoising.  throug"h  their  legfislators,  their  reciun- 
memlations  for  the  public  good. 

HKMIV  ('    !'()KI). 
H.  C.  DHMl'TH. 
C.KO.   H.  WELSHONS 
S.  n.  STILEWEE, 
LOITS  STPEEBEJ;. 
W    I.    POWE.EE. 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


11 


THE  ERIE  HATCHEEY. 


This  hatchery  has  continued  its  previous  orood  work  by  the  annual 
deposit  of  whitetish  fry  in  Lake  Erie, 

The  record  of  fish  distributed  from  this  hatchery  in  1889,  1890  and 
1891,  have  been  largely  increased  by  the  hatching  and  distribution  of 
wall-eyed  pike  fry  in  1890  and  1891. 

The  whitefish  fry  have  all  been  distributed  in  Lake  Erie,  the  only 
water  in  the  state  suited  for  their  reception,  while  the  wall  eyed  pike  or 
pike-perch  fry  have  not  only  been  placed  in  Lake  Erie  but  also  in  many 
of  the  principal  streams  and  mountain  lakes  of  the  state. 

The  Erie  hatchery,  under  the  supervision  of  Hon.  Louis  Streuber,  the 
commissioner  residing  in  that  city,  has  been  placed  in  excellent  order. 
The  collection  of  whitefish  eggs  occurring  in  the  stormy  months  of  late 
autumn,  is  necessarily  precarious,  and  greater  some  years  than  others. 
A  heavy  gale  on  the  lake  at  the  time  of  spawning  means  a  diminished 
collection  of  eggs  and  consequently  lessened  output  of  fry.  Excessive 
changes  of  temperature  are  also  painful  to  the  impregnated  eggs  and 
destroy  many.  At  Erie  the  mature  fish  intended  for  distribution  to 
other  portions  of  the  state  are  also  caught:  these  comprising  black 
bass,  both  large  and  small  mouth,  strawberry  bass,  rock  bass  and  white 
bass!  have  been  distributed  to  the  eastern  portions  of  the  state,  to  the 
rivers  and  larger  creeks  that  are  comparatively  destitute  of  good  varie- 
ties of  fish. 

Under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  William  Buller,  of  the  Western 
hatchery  at  Corry,  the  Erie  hatchery  has  given  good  results,  and  with 
increased  facilities  will  still  do  l)etter  work  in  the  future. 

Its  distribution  for  1889,  1890  and  1891  will  be  found  below. 

.Deposits  of  Wall-Eyed  Pike  Fuv   Bkought  fkom   I'mted  States 

Hatchery,  Putin-Bay,  Ohio. 


STHEAM;). 


Delaware  river 

Do.        do 

Do.       do 

Do.       do.     t 

Maiden '9  cn^ek, 

Juniafu  river 


Callicoon,  N.  Y.,   . 
Lackawaxen,  N.  Y. 
Port  .Tervis.  N.  Y., 

Eaatou,  Pa 

Reading,  Pa 

Mlllerstown.  Pa..    ■ 


No. 
Planted. 


Condition. 


1,4.tO,(I00  j  Good, 

870,  aw  G»H)d, 

l,4:iO,ni«  Good, 

I,l6()."1ft1  i  Good, 

1.160,000  Gt>od. 

.>0,000  Good, 


Date  of 
Deposit. 


May  9,  188». 
May  9, 1889. 
May  9,  1889. 
May  9.  1889. 
May  9, 1889. 
May  9,  1889. 


12 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc, 


Deposits  of  Wall-Eyed  Pike  Fry — Continued. 


Streams. 

Point  or  Deposit. 

No. 
Planted. 

Condition. 

Date  or 
Deposit. 

Juniata  river, 

Da       do 

Do.        do.     

Do.        do 

Soruce  creek.    ......••. 

ThompBontown,  Pa., .  •  . 

Port  Royal,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa.,      

Lewistown,  Pa., 

Ryde,  Pa 

Hollidaysburgr,  Pa 

Spruce  Creek, 

HarrisburMT,  Pa 

290,000 
290,000 
290,000 
290,000 
145,000 
290,000 
290,000 
4aj,000 

Good,  .  .  . 
Good,      .  . 
Good,      .  . 
Good,  .  .  . 
Good.  .  .  . 
Good,   .  .  . 
Good,  .  .  . 
Good,   .  .  . 

May  9,  1889. 
May  9,  1889. 
May  9,  1889. 
May  9, 1889. 
May  9, 1889. 
May  9, 1889. 
May  9,  1889. 

8u8<iuehaunariver 

May  9, 1889. 

8,990,000 

Wall-Eyed  Pike. 


1890. 

Name. 

PnSTOFKlCE. 

County. 

No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 

May     4,  ! 

J.  M.  Miller 

Callicoon i 

SuUivun.  N.  Y 

tiOO.OOO 

'' 

L.  Streuljer 

Erie 

Erie 

2,000.000 

8, 

H.  C.  Demuth, 

Lancaster 

Luncii8t«r 

1,000  000 

11, 

S.  B.  Stilwell 

Scranton 

Lackawanna, 

200,000 

11, 

H.  Littemcr 

Honesdale 

Wayne 

250,000 

11, 

Fred  Basset 

do.             

do.       

250.000 

11, 

Dr.  M.  R.  Brady, .... 

do.             

do.      

250.000 

11, 

Gilbert  White.  .  .       . 

do.             

do 

230,000 

13. 

Geo.  Parmer, 

New  Castle. 

I>awrence 

fiOO.OOO 

14, 

.1.  J.  Hauck . 

Heading 

Berks 

TOO.OOO 

14, 

J.  C.  Buker 

Lewlsburir 

Union, 

200,000 

14, 

S.  B.  Stilwell 

Scranton 

Lackawanna 

75.000 

14, 

M.  C.  Honing'er,  .... 

Allentown, 

Lehigh 

150.000 

U 

Irwin  Hauck 

ReadinK 

Berks 

120.000 

u. 

J.  Witinon 

do 

do 

;)00,oo<) 

14. 

J.  CaufTman,   ....   .  . 

do 

do. 

3oo,aio 

14, 

F.  A.  Danuehower,    .  . 

Lewisburtr 

Union, . 

200.000 

1ft, 

L.  Sneuban, 

Lyonsville, 

Lawrence 

400,000 

15. 

L.  Streuber, 

Jamestown 

do 

;)oo,aMi 

1«. 

L.  Streuber 

Erie, 

Erie 

2,000,000 

10, 

Edward  F.  Hotftnan.     . 

Dlngman's  Ferry,    .  . 

Pike 

400,000 

17, 

L.  Streuber,    •  .  . 

1  Erl*" 

Erie 

3,000,000 

13.545,000 

No.  19.] 


Fish  Cojimissioners. 


13 


S3 


S 


s  s  s 


s 


S    S    S    8    S    I    8    8    8 


i 
t 


a 


S 


,     u 

I       I 

a 
a 

et 
.a 

0) 

3 


3 
OS 

V 

Xi       _ 


o 
e 


a; 


> 
"E 

o 
to 

a 
e« 
e 
o 

> 


> 


§? 


fi  :: 


^ 
^ 


o 
a 

3 


x: 
u 

c 

I 


•c 

a 
c 

d 
js 


> 

•c 

98 
C 
O 
at 
J3 
V 
3 


> 

•c 

08 
C 

e 

98 
XI 

i) 
3 


u 


98 

a 
c 

98 

« 

3 


u 
o 


3 


98  98 

C  O  .r 

a  p  2 

*  «  "2 


9^      £      2      db      A 


3 


9< 

3 


p 
i 

fi 

o 


c 

98 

e 


_2 
e 


c 

98 


B 

x: 

t. 
o 
S5 


r 


e 

I      .=       3 

I  £  >2  is 


^ 
& 


fi 

a 

e 

98 

& 

3 


98 

;is 


I  I 

t  I 

1  *: 

a.  * 


£  ^ 


3       3       3      « 
CO      50      Oj      * 


98 


b 


-2 
o 

s 

3 

.e 


s:    'J 


b 


98 
C 

S  V 

98  J< 

.fi  98 

4)  — 

3  k 

—  V 

a  > 

3  = 

%  CO 


c     =     5     S 
^    2    2    I 

s  i  5  ^ 


9i 

e 
c 


CD       M 


98 
C 
C 
38 
fi 
O 
3 

; 

3 


o 
bs 

c 

98 
O 

.s 

CO 


»     -J     _ 

1    3   a 


s   ^ 


b 
> 


a 

98 

«      3 

:2     I 


I      $      I     b- 

S     fe     a     < 
S    Z    ^    a 


1 1  § 


OS 

;b 


fi     -     S     e     e     i-     - 


_         b 

«       3      £       g       « 


98 

a 

OS 


3 
« 

91 

2 

o 
S 


^. 


I  i 

!  -* 

=   < 


.    j8    i!    -'    jj    7     S 

5    i»    £    ^    "     s     S 


^ 


I     X 


08 


B        3 
3        ^ 


98 

s 


b  ^ 


>.    :^    •-    M 


X    = 


is     ^    I     S 


y. 


3 


s 

e 


a 

c 

ii 


r:     n     M 


-*     rt     rf     V     -»■'     •»'     -^ 


14 


Keport  op  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


15 


s  s  s  s 


to      Jl      *»      «»       — 


» 

as 

*i 
9 
3 

ce 

a> 
a 
a 
o 
u 


o 

c 
« 
a 

> 


I 

a 


3 

a 

> 


J3 

a 


it 


i 

a 


•E    "E    -S 

C      .5       C 


_        h         b         U 

;.>    ^i.)    ;.>    u 


» 

p 


%     5 


c 


2 

u 


•*  J-  >  S  fli  ■■ 

•o  *  *  3  S  « 

t  a  S  «  i*  ^ 

S  a  3  >  S  5 


2 


fee 
a 

ie 
en 


a 
« 

be 

e 


C 
3 
g 


.£:      o 


I 


u 


£ 


=    sa 


a 

33 


3 

s 


la 


•E  ■ 
« 

E«  = 

1,  3        b 

I  =  i^ 

s  a   ? 

?  ■=       ■/- 

^  5:    J 


»f   ?f   V   *'   ^   V 


16 


EzrORT  OF  THE 


[Off.  Doc. 


Date. 

1889. 


March       27, 

April  1. 

3, 

4, 

6, 

1890. 

January  30,  . 

February   8, 

IT, 

18, 

22. 

March         7, 

17. 

13, 

15. 

21. 

24, 

27. 

28. 

28. 

1891. 

March        23, 

38. 
81, 

O 

*•» 

4. 
4. 

«. 
«. 


NAME  OFTUQ. 


McCarter,  .  .  . 
McCarter,  .  .  . 
William  H.  Hill. 
F.  B.  Hall.  .  .  . 
Edie  Snyder.  .  . 


April 


Hall 

W.  J.  McCarther, 
Beckman.  .  .  .  . 

Edith 

Florence,     .  .  .  . 

Snyder 

Edith 

Snyder,    .  .  .  .  . 
John  A.  l)ai«b,  . 


AVhite  Fish, 


King 

Cooney, 

J.  McCarther,  .... 

Florence 

Edith 

Beckman, 

Hayes,   ••.••#.• 

Edith, 

Beckman 

Helen  Luse 

Oreyling     

W .  rl.riill,  •  .  .  •    •    • 

Helen  Luse 

S.  B.  Stilwell 


Mbssbnger. 


John  Maher, 
John  Maher, 
John  Maher, 
John  Maher, 
John  Maher, 


John  Maher, 
R.  Daily,  .  . 
R  Welch,  .  . 
R.  Welch,  .  . 
J.  Phifster,  . 


R.  Welch. 


R.  Welch,  .  . 
J.  Phifster.  . 
R.  Welch.  .  . 
Johti  Maher. 
R.  Welch,  .  . 
R.  Welch,  .  . 
11.  Welch,  .  . 
Scranton.  .  . 


William  Schan, 
William  Schan, 
William  Schan, 
William  Schan. 
John  Maher.  • 
John  Maher,  . 
John  Maher.  . 
.John  Maher.  . 
John  Maher,    . 


Lake  Erie  Catfish. 


Destination. 


Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Brie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 

Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Eric, 

Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
I^ake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 
Lake  Erie, 


Number. 

3,000,000 
3,000,000 
2,6  0,000 
2,600,000 
2,500.000 

325,000 

250.000 

1.500.000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

750,000 

1,000.000 

GOO.O0O 

500,000 

500,000 

1.000,000 

600,000 

600,000 

75.000 

1,465,000 

i,ai0,ooo 

1,82.'>.000 
1,525.000 
1,415,000 
1.5.-jO,000 
1,000,000 
Ki0,000 
1.00O.000 
35,570,000 


Date. 

law. 


August  31, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


8.  B.  Stilwell, 


POBTOFKICE. 


Scranton, 


County. 


Lackawanna, 


Kind     No.  or 
OFFisn.     FiBH. 


('attlsh. 


m 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners, 


17 


THE  WESTERN  HATCHERY,  AT  CORRY. 


Since  the  issue  of  the  last  report,  this  hatchery  has  been  g-reatly  en- 
larged. In  1890  an  addition  of  forty  by  one  hundred  feet  was  erected, 
doubhng-  the  size  and  capacity  of  the  hatching-  house. 

Several  additional  acres  of  laud  were  purchased,  on  which  new  ponds 
have  been  excavated,  ffiving-  more  room  for  the  fish  and  preventing  the 
evil  results  of  overcrowding,  which  could  not  be  avoided  in  the  former 
limited  space. 

The  superintendent,  Mr.  William  BuUer,  has  carefully  and  intelli- 
g-ently  developed  the  production  of  this  hatchery  and  larg-ely  increased 
its  output. 

In  addition  to  the  distribution  of  brook  trout,  hybrid  trout  and  brown 
trout,  the  lake  trout  principally  destined  to  replenish  the  waters  of  Lake 
Erie,  are  here  hatched.  Here,  also,  the  mature  fish  intended  for  stock- 
ing- depleted  watei-s.  in  other  portions  of  the  state,  black  bass,  straw- 
berry bass,  white  bass,  etc.,  caug-ht  in  Lake  Erie  are  kejit  in  ponds  and 
istributed  through  the  ag-eney  of  the  fish  car. 

The  commissioners  desire  to  attest  to  the  good  condition  of  the 
hatchery,  apparatus,  ponds  and  grounds  under  the  able  manag-ement  of 
Mr.  BuUer. 

The  distribution  of  fish  from  the  Western  hatchery  for  1889,  1890  and 
1891,  is  as  follows: 


Brook  Trout  Fry. 


!  A! 


1888. 

Judo  14, 

U, 
83, 

38. 


35, 
3.->, 


Name  ok  Apim.icant. 


H.  C.  Derauth, 
Chas.  .1.  Ni>88, 
L  v.  Newton, 
F.  F.  .Vdams, 


PoSTOKrUE. 


('Ol'NTV, 


25,     John  II.  .st'emann. 


Lancaster, 
York,  .  .  . 
Erie,    .   .  . 

do. 
Staiitrer.-  . 


Lancaster,    .   . 

Vork 

Krie 

do 

Westmoreland. 


J.  M.  Dwids 

J. M.  LIchty,     .... 

E.  M.  Lichtj 

E.  M.  Lichty,     .... 

E.  M.  Mchty 

C.  M.  Ilytt, 

2:>,     C.  M.  Ilytt,     .      ... 

38,     John  J.  White StroiuIshiirK 

28,  I  J.  II.  8toll,  ....     1  do. 

2-19-91. 


('onfluenee Somerset, 


Meyersdale, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
ronnellsville, 

do. 


ilo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Fayette, 

do. 
Monroe,  . 
do.       . 


X«».  OK  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,000 

2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
4,000 
2,000 
3,003 
8,000 
2.000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 


18 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


19 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1888. 


Name  or  Applicant. 


June 38,  Joseph  Shlffer,  .  . 

28,  ;  Ezra  Huiisicker,  . 

July    9,  i  C.  H.  Whitraore,  . 

9,     H.  Rogers 


J.  P.  Oliver,   .      ... 
W.  E.  Lewis 

10,  I  \V.  Caldwell 

I 

16,  1  C.  B,  Bordem 

1«,     Hon.  J.  B.  Niles,  .  .  . 

Ifi,     (apt,  B.  H.  Warriner. 

Aug.  3,     Geo.  C.  H olden,    .  .  . 

11,  I  Joseph  Haines,     .   .  . 
1889.     I 

Mar.    6,     J.  Shultz, 

♦s  Thomas  F.  Keilly,  .  . 
(1,  Thomas  F.  Keilly,  .  . 
6,  I  Thomas  F.  Keilly,  .  . 

6,     H   P.  Smith 

<1.  \V.  \v.  Achenback,  . 
«.  ,  r.  Dartles,  Jr.,  .  .  .  . 
«,  '  r.  Kartles.  Jr.,     ... 

«■<,     J.  B.  Emery 

6,      W.  U.  Tracker 


P(>8TOPKIC«. 


Stroudsburg, 

do. 
Corry,  .... 
Pittsfleld.      . 
Corry, .... 

do 

North  Mills, 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Monroe, 

do. 
Erie,    . 
Wurren, 
Erie, 
do. 
Mercer, 


Tioga i  Ti(»ga, 

Wellsboro",  .....       do. 
Tiadaghton, <Io. 


Erie,     .  .  . 
St.  Mary's, 


Erie, 

Elk,  . 


Wilcox Elk,  .  . 

Bollsburg '  Centre, 


«,  I  T.  V.  Hunter,    . 

1 

«,  ;  L.  .'*.  Bricker, .  .  . 

fi,      \V,  X.  Allison,   .  . 

fi,      H.  C.  Allison,    .  . 

«,     W.  c.  Hughes,.  . 

•■',      W. «'.  McKihben, 

«.     W.  r.  MiKiliU'n, 

10,  j  <'h«'ster  Wagoner, 
10,     J.  S.  Hayes,    . 
10.     H.J.  Kluger.    .  .  . 

10,     J.  C.  (Jreen, 

1".  Xer  Middleswurth, , 
1",  T.  H.I  farter,  .  . 
10.  J.  K.  Fettcrolf,  .  .  . 
IH.  (leo.  <■.  Holden,  .  . 
1>.  Horton  <'ray,  .  .  . 
11',     <Ie<),  <•.  Ih)|den,    .  . 


do.         ... 
do.  .  .*  .  . 

Montgomery, .  . 
do.  .  . 

WiUiam.sport,     . 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Bolisburg Centre. 

do.  ;      do. 

Parvin Clinton 


•     •     •     • 


•     •     • 


do.       .  . 

do.       .  . 

Lycoming, 

do. 

do, 

do, 

do, 

do. 


•     «     • 


do.      .  .  .  . 

■  lo 

do 

do 

Montgomery,  . 
Willianis|tort, 
do. 
do. 
Troxellville,    . 
Middleburg,    . 
Troxellville,    . 
Erie 


do. 

do,  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .   . 
Lycoming, 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Snyder,  .   . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .   . 

Erie,     .  .  . 


*     •     • 


shefQeld, 
Erie,     .  . 


Warn'n, 
Erie,     .  . 


2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
3,000 
2,000 
3,000 

2,900 
2,500 
2,600 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,.500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,.W0 
3,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
5,000 
2,500 
2,500 
3,500 
2,600 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1889. 


Mar.  20, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


20, 

20, 

20, 

20, 

30, 

20, 

20. 

30, 

20, 

20.; 

20,  I 

30,  , 

^\ 

20.  I 

21, 

21, 

31, 

21. 

2J. 

21, 

21, 

31. 
21. 
21, 

31, 


27,  I 
37, 
37, 
27, 
27,  j 
27,1 
37,  I 
37,  I 
•n-    i 

'I 
3^  I 


A.  E,  Gerhart 

A,  E,  Gerhart,       .... 
A.  E,  Gerhart, 

A.  E,  Gerhart, 

C.  M.  Moore, 

W,  H.  Hertz '. 

G,  Clump.    ....... 

Frank  Geyer, 

Frank  Geyer, 

Frank  Geyer,    .  . 

Frank  Geyer, 

J.  H.  Holt,  ...... 

J.  W.  X..'l8on, 

J.  W.  Nelson 

J.  W.  Nelson, 

H.  P.  Drehert, 

O.  A.  Geyer, 

Geo.  Keish, 

B.  M.  Bush 

C.  H,  Whitmore 

Lex  Kr>eler, 

K.  W.  Hlydenberg,     .  . 
Dr,  James  Mead,     ,  .  . 

H.  A.  Penrose, 

S.  H.  Schwenk,     .  .  .  . 

E.  T.  Grant, 

E.  T.  (irant 

Lex  Keeler 

E.  T.Grant 

Emanuel  Kidebaug,  .  . 

Calvin  liarner 

Chas,  Engle,  , 
J.  H.  Schwenk, 
E.  A  Schwenk, 
J.  J.  Barner.  . 
Frank  narner, 
Isaac  N,  Kline, 
John  Reighard, 
A,  H.  Heilman, 
C.  M.  Simtms,  . 


•     •     •     • 


Postoffice. 


Phillipsbiirg,  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
William8i>ort. 
do. 
do. 
Tyrone,  ... 
do.      .  .  .  . 
do.      ... 
do.      ... 
Moshannon, 
Osceola  Mills, 
do.       do, 
do,       do. 
Mifflinburg, 
do, 
do. 
Forest  Hill, . 

Corry 

Whitmore,    . 

Corry 

do.     .... 

do 

Carroll,  .  . 
Kidgway,  .  . 

•lo. 

Whitmore,    . 

Ridgway,  .   . 

Carroll,  .  .  . 

ilo.       .  .  . 


(.'ountv. 


do 

do 

do.       .  .   .  • 

do 

do 

Williamsport, 

do. 

do. 

Corry, 


Centre,    .  . 

do,      .  . 

do.      .  < 

do.      ,  • 

Lycoming, 

do. 

do, 

Blair,  .  .  . 

do.     .  .  . 

ilo.     .  .  . 

do.     .  .  . 

Centre,   .  . 

Clearfield. 

do. 

do. 

Union,    , 

do,        .  . 

do. 

do. 
Erie,    .  . 
Warren. 
Erie,    .  . 
do.       .  • 
do.       .  . 
Clinton, , 
Elk,  ,  .  . 
do.    .  .  . 
Warren, 
Elk.  .  .  . 
Clinton,  . 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do, 
Lycoming, 
do 
do, 
Erie,    .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped, 


2,500 
2,500 
3.500 
3,500 
3,500 
3,500 
3,.tOO 
3,500 

3,.t00 
3,500 
5,000 
3.500 
2,500 
2,500 
3..V)0 
3,500 
3,500 
3,500 
3.500 
3,500 
2,900 
3,500 
3.500 
3..-1OO 
3,.-)00 
3.500 
3,.J00 
3.500 
3.500 
3,500 
3..-JC0 
3.500 
3.500 
3,300 
3,500 
S.-'iOO 
3/)00 
3,r, 01 1 

3..'>0i) 


20 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commisioners. 


21 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Coidinued. 


10.  i  J.  .M.  Stronir. 

10,     J.  M.  Stronjr 

12, 

1-'. 

12, 


12, 
12, 
12. 
12, 
>2, 
12, 
12, 
12, 


12, 


East  SpritiKfleld, 
do. 
Charl.s  W.  Henry,  .   .  .  j  Uolfe. 

James  Rayanl ^o. 

J.J.  Henry d,, 


J.  P.  Oliver Corry 

HA.  BitiKman Laurelton,    . 

JohnL.  Gniiter Williamsixjrt, 

J.  A.  W«»o<l,    . 
A.  S.  Holintch. 
W.  N.  Allison, 
W.  N.  Allison,  .  .  . 
Mark  D.  Sproat,  .  . 

Joseph  Flinn Iluniin^  Well 

H.  SchiiuelfenlR.     .  .  .         d<..  do 


do. 

Paxtouvill. 
Sprinjf  MillR 

do.       do. 
Wilcox,  '.  . 


Brook  Trout  Yvx— Continued. 


Name  uv  Applicant. 


Po8tokph:e. 


Apr.  12,  A.  S.  HullHtch,     .  .  . 

12,  Archie  Mlddlesworth, 

12,  P.  H.  Knapp 

12.  W.  N.  Voneider,  .  .  . 

12,  Wesley  Pysher,    .  .  . 

12,  John  F.  Derr,    ... 

24.  A.  M.  Howard,  .... 
24,  '  Frank  H.  Button,    .   . 

21,  D.  T.  FlemiuK.     .  •   • 

24,  A.  Ellis, 

24,  A.  M.  Howard 

24,  J.  M.  Dunbar 

25.  A.  L.  Hills 


Beaver  Sprinjrs, 
Beavertown,   -  . 
Beaver  Sprnii^s, 
Laurelton.    •   .  . 
MontBTomery,  .  . 

do. 
Corry,  .... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


County. 


Snyder,  .  . 

do.        .   . 

do.        •  • 

Uni<»n,    .  . 

Lycoming. 

do. 

Erie,     .   .  . 

do.      .  . 


Lvona, 


25,  J.  H.  Holt,  .... 

35.  Steven  Woodrinjr. 

25,  Isaac- Thomas,  .  . 

2."),  Isaac  Haupt.     .  . 


25,  Charles  Heisler, 
25,  John  T.  Patton, 
2:^,  I   L.  M.  Farweil,  • 


•      •      • 


25,     C.  H.  SolKjr, 


2'>,     ( ".  K.  SolKjr 

25,  I  Frank  Geyer,    .... 

25,      Frank  Geyer 

25,     J.  W.  Couly 

W.  Liaer 

T.  <'.  Thornton,    .  .  . 

UeulH-n  Eh-y.  .... 
25.  H.  F.  Hannenhower,  . 
28,  '  Robert  Beeser,  ... 
28,  I  Robert  Beeser 


J». 


»», 


28, 
28, 
30, 

:«. 

;jo, 

30, 

ai. 

30, 


Fred  Shirr,  .... 

Fre<l  Shirr 

J.  F.  Austin,  .  .  . 
C.  H.  Whitmore. 
Frank  H.  Button, 
H.  C.  McGraw.  .  . 
r.  H.  McGraw,  .  . 
W.  H.  Sloan,     .   . 


Miiy    '-'.     E.  F.  Hoffman, 


Moshannon,     .  . 
Port  Matilda,  .  . 
Bellefonte,   .   .  . 
do.  ■  .  • 

do.  .  .  • 

Warrior's  Mark, 
Glen  Union, 

do.  .    .    . 

do.  .   .   ■ 

Tyrone,  ... 

do 

Montjfomery,     .   . 

Lewisburir,  .  .  .  . 

do.  .   .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

C«)rry, 

do 

do 

do 

do.      .  .  .  .  ■ 

Spartansburtf.    >  < 
Corrj',     .  .      .  .  . 
Columhux,     .  .  . 
do.  .  .  .  . 

Williamsport, 
Dmjrman's  Ferry, 


do 

do 

do 

do 

Crawford,     . 
Centre,       •   . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .  • 

do.  .  .  . 
Huntin^lon, 
Clinton,  .   ■  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Blair 

do 

LycominK', 
Union.    . 

do.        .  .  , 

do.       .  .  , 

do.        .   . 
Erie.    .  .  .  . 


do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  ... 
Crawfonl, 
Eric,  .  .  . 
Warren,     . 

do. 
Lycominr, 
Pike, 


•     •     •      •      • 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,500 
2,500 

z,:m 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,.50O 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

5.00O 

5.1)00 

2,500 

5.000 

2,500 

2,r,00 

2,500 

2..T0O 

2,500 

2,5«J 

2,50) 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.5a) 

2,500 

2,5a} 

2,.V)0 

2,5t0 

2.5»» 

2,5a) 

2,.ja) 
2,6ai 
'i;m 

2.5(0 
2,500 
2.50) 
2.50J 


22 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc, 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


23 


Brook  Trout  ¥m~Contimied. 


1889. 


Name  ok  Appi>icant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


May  11.     Fitch  Tillison 

H.     FJtch  Tillison 

11,     A.  Howard 

11,     Jolin  Babbitt,   .... 

16,     Eph.  Kimball,  .... 

16,     Fred  Newman,     ,  .  , 

]«.     Edward  Malone, .  .  . 

16,     H.  F.  Ennes 

16,     Isaac  L.  Canfleld,    .  . 
16.     Clias.  E.  nrach  &  Co., 
16,     David  W.  Berry,  . 
16,     E.  Beach  &.^  on.  .  .  . 

16.     J.  M.  Miller 

16,  i  C.  D.  Mills 

16.  j  Henry  Asher 

W,  I  Calvin  Shoonan 

Iti.     Wiliiafa  Holbert,    .  . 

16,  I  H.  M.  Brace 

17,  E.  E.  Wheeler, 

18,  I  J.  C.  Norton 

IN     J.C.Norton, 

IN     H.  and  U.  Mead 

IN     Wm.  Menure ^^^^ 

JN      Wm.  Menure d„ 

IN     H.  and  U.  Mead,  .  .  . 

30.  j  1».  T.  .si^.|ey 

30.     L.  W.  Oaks 

20,  J  W.  H.  Diirkee  .... 

aO,  j  A.  M.  Williams,   .  .  . 

20,  j  8.  B.  Dorn 


Corrj',  .  . 
do.     .  . 
do.     .  .  , 
do.     .  .  . 
Kimbai;  8, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


County. 


Erie, 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Pike, 

do. 

do. 

do. 


<^aH'ee Sulliv 


Cochecton.  . 
Galilee,  .  .  . 
Nilanville,  . 
Ca  llcoon,  .  . 
Lackawaxen, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
I^bonf,  .  ,  .  , 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Pike,    . 

do.     . 

do.     . 

d«).     . 

do.     . 

Erie,     . 

Sprinjr(rr«k |  W„rren. 

do. 
do. 


an,  N.  V. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 
do. 


do. 

do. 

<io. 

do. 
do.       do. 
Bradford,  . 
do. 
do. 

do.         .  , 
do. 


J.  S.  Bardwell Hid^way, 


li.  Farwell. 


«•  F.  Kin». 

22,  '  L.  M.  Sleepy, 

22,  Chas.  H.  Fehnder,  .  . 

22.     S  P.  Hanley 

22,  Fn.d.  H.  Eaton,    .  .  . 

22,     J.  W.  Porry 

-2,     O.  B.  Fliiss 

-•',  Cbu«.  B.  Myers,    .  .  . 


nion  Union Clinton 


do. 

do. 

do. 
McKean, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Elk, .      . 


do.       do. 
Orang^evllle, 
Berwick,    .  , 
do. 
do. 
Central,  .  .  . 
do.       .  .  . 
Benton, .  .  . 


do. 
Columbia, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,000 
2JI0O 
ft,000 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.i00 

5.000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,-i00 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,.500 

2,.W0 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2.500 

fi.OOU 

2.M0 

2,fiOO 

2,lKn 

2,800 

5,000 

2.5O0 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,ri00 

2..'i00 

2,riOo 

2.500 
i,500 


Brook  Trottt  Fhy— Continued. 


1889. 


Name  or  Applicant. 


May  22, 
22, 

22, 

22. 

22, 

22, 

22, 

22, 

23, 

25, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

28, 


38, 
28. 

28. 
28, 
28, 
28, 

28, 
28. 

:», 
;«, 

31. 

:», 
:«. 

:«1, 
31, 

31. 

June   8, 

N 

8. 

8, 

10. 


H.  J.  Conner 

W.  A.  Cantbell,    .  •  . 

R.  P.  Roblson 

J,  I.  Hesa 

A.  F.  H itchier,  ... 
G.  M.  Reynolds,  .  .  • 
Frank  L.  Ricketts,     ■ 

G.  J   Fowler 

R.  M.  Grove 

H.  C.  Demuth 

M.  C.  Weatbrook,  .  . 
J.  C.  Weatbrook, .  .  • 

L.  Lord, 

8.  Lord 

F.  L.  Westbrook,    .  . 

George  Decker,  .  .  • 

C.  H.  Schard 

C.  G.  Arabusker, .  .  . 

Fred.  Nell 

J.  W.  Brink,  ... 

J.  W.  Brack 

W.  P.  Hale 

Hiram  Hazenn,   .  . 

W.R.  Smith 

Henry  Denltt,  .  .  • 

G.  H.  Rowland,   .  . 

J.  V.  Long 

W.  O'Conner,       .  . 

C.  J.  Johnson,  .  .  . 

Joe  H.  Johnson.  .  . 

Joseph  Bonvin,    .  . 

John  Cameron,    .  . 

John  P.  Murphy,    . 

W.  W.  Gore 


PosTorncB. 


Orangeville,  •  .  • 
Sbicksbinny,  .  .  . 
Wilkesbarrc,  .  .  . 
Beach  Haven,    .  . 

Plymouth 

Wilkesbarre.  .  .  . 

Red  Rock 

ScrantOD,  .  .  -  .  . 

Danville, 

Lancaster,    .  .  .  • 
Blooming  Grove, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 

Lord's  Valley,    . 
Blooming  Grove, 
do.  do. 

Hawley 

do 

do 

Dunmore,    .  • 

Scrunton 

Rowland 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Somerset, 

Kane,  ■  . 

Rolfe,  .  . 

do.     . 


County, 


Columbia,     * 
Luzerne,   .  • 

do.        •  « 

do.        .  . 

do.        .  . 

do. 

do. 
Ijackawanna, 
Columbia  ,  • 
Lancaster, 

Pike 

do 


•   •   • 


do 

d<. 

do 

do 

Wa.vne,  .  .  . 

do.   .  .  • 

do.   ... 

do.   .  .  . 

Lackawanna. 

Pike 

do 

do 

d«> 

do 

Somerset,  .  . 
McKean,  .  . 
Elk 


do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


F.  B.  Whipple, 
F.  B.  Whipple, 


P.  B.  Whipple, 
John  F.  Niles, 
J.  C.  Colgrove, 


Erie 

do 

do 

Niles*  Grove, 
Corry.  .... 


Eric, 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.t00 

2,500 

2..'J0O 

2,500 

5.000 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2..T00 

2,:a)0 

2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2.500 
2.500 
2JiOO 
2..'!a) 
3,500 
3.000 
15,000 
6,000 
IMIOD 
3,000 
AjOOO 
7,900 
5,000 


672,010 


S,.'MI0 
2,500 
S,fi00 
2.1100 
2,800 


24 


Repokt  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


25 


Bkook  Trout  ^^Y—Coutinutd. 


1880. 


N  A M E  < ) K  A  P l»LI CA .VT. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


June/O,     J.  C.  ColKrove, 
10,  ,  J.  C.  Colgiove, 
iO.  j  J.  C.  Colgrove, 
14,  I  S.  H.  Rhoads. 
H,     W.  L.  Hotieey, 


1*.  S.  astilwell,  .  . 
14,  M.  C.  AdHins,  .  . 
14,  D.  C.  Uslioiiie,  .  . 
14.  I  T.  .1.  Mum  ford.  . 
U.     G.  S.  Purdj .    .   .  . 


14, 
14, 

28. 
38, 
2», 
'». 
28, 


Corrj- 

d<» 

do 

Gouldshoio' Station, 
do  .  .  .   . 

Scraiiton 

Honesdale, 

do 

Starrucca 

Honusdalf, 

do 

do 

Beech  Crct  k.      .  .  . 


Erie 

do 

du 

Wayne,  .  .  . 
do.  ... 
Lackawanna. 
VVayne,  .  .  . 

do.       ... 


C.  >V.  Sultan 

J.  H.  tJutton, 

CJ.  V.  Ueiifle 

J.  E.  Tibltons !      (Jo.        do 

Andrew  Kuhle Huffalo  X  Road« 

T.  W.  Hiramlich,    .  . 
.Alfred  Vaird 


•'<Jly    *.     John  F.  Menoher, 


•  •  !       do.       , 

•  •  i       do. 

I 

•  •  I       do.       . 
I 

.  .  I       do.       . 

I 

•  •  '  Clinton,  . 

•  ■  j       <lo. 
■  •  j  Union.    . 

U'wisburjr ,](,. 

Frenchville ;  Clearfield, 


Lig'onier 

do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


4,     J.  \V.  Kutrer 

4,  A.  C.  Breueiser,  .  . 
4,  J.  A.  Aschowr,  .  .  . 
♦.  T.  .1.  Langi'ry,  .  .  , 
4.  .7.  S.  Johnston.  .  .  . 
4,  ,  Henry  Whitrow.  .  . 
4.  ••  n.'an  .•Jtewart I  WillJaniaburB', 

11,  J.  .\.  Phillips  .M.  P.,  .  .1  Pittsburir,     • 

12,  I  I^ewisSapp 

12,     C.  W.  Loner 

12.     Joe  Hanilat 

12.     E<lward  11.  Green,     . 


Westmoreland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Blair, 


j  -MIetrheny,   .   . 

•^"l •"•••> Bedford,    .  .  . 

Lewisiown,     |  M„n,n 

'''•"^•''♦'•' I  Wcstmorelan.l, 

^''"  ^'rwk I  Huntintr.lon,  . 


12,  j  J.  B.  .«*elheiraer Lewistown •  Mift,!,, 

12.  I  E.  B.  Isett Spruce  Creek, 

1-',     David  Xess '  Vopk 

12,  j  A.  C.  Baldwin? ('Hins 

12.     Jamen  B.  McOowen,  .  .  ,    do 

IT,  I  L.  A.  \Vatii'8 j  Scranton.  .  . 

15",     IX.  C.  Grot/ 


I  Bloomsburtf, 

ir,  (  D.  M.  Boyd j  Danville,  . 

i',  '  B.  R.  Garharr 

1".     James  Scarlet,  .  . 


do. 
do. 


Huntinirdon, 
York,  .  .  . 
Lancaster.    . 

do. 
Lackawanna, 
Columbia,     . 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shihpeu. 


2,500 

J«,500 

2,500 

5,000 

5,000 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.'V0O 

2,500 

2,500 

5.000 

5.000 

5,000 

2.r,00 

5,000 

5.000 

5.0U0 

2,500 

2.500 

2,S0Q 

2,500 

2,soa 

5,000 

8,000 
2,000 

2.(101) 
2.5(10 

2.aio 
8.(1;  HI 

2,(IW) 
2,000 

2.000 
4,000 
4000 
2,000 
2,(100 
2,000 


Brook  Trout  FnY— Continued. 


lOcAfa 


July  17, 
IT, 
IT, 
IT, 
17, 
22. 
22, 
22, 
32. 
25, 
25. 

Aufir.  5, 

», 

14, 

14, 
14, 
14, 
15, 
15, 
15, 

30, 

ao, 

Feb  21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 

Mar.  2. 
2, 

2, 

o 

~, 

Q 


Name  of  Applicant. 

W.  C.  Frick 

Wilson  M.  Gerhart,    .  . 

W.  J.  Baldy.      

V.  Sulley,       

C.  H.  Fender 

H.  S.  McClune 

H.  S.  McClune 

J.  M.  Dodds 

J.  M.  Dodds 

Alfred  Short 

Ira  R.  Gay 

Milton  Work 

O.  M.  Millard 

W.  A.  Hojfii.      .... 
VV.  A.  HofiTK,      

C.  R.  Corbctt 

W.  Kelsoe 

J.  V.  Lonj? 

J.  V.  Lon^ 

J.  V.  Lontf,     ....... 

Purdy  &  MurafonJ,    .  . 

D.  Otto  Avery,     .  .  .  . 

Hiram  Hazem 

AlliertG.  Rowland,   .  . 
A.  J.  Burcher.  .  .  .  .  , 

Lewis  Thicle 

Chas.  Burcher 

Chas.  Luram 

Judd  Winter 

J.  C.  Green 

J.  S.  Hh.vcs 

G.  W.  KUiinp 

C.  L.  Cooler 

E.  I/.  Green, 
A.  W.  Kline,      .   . 
Isaac  N.  Kline.     . 
Josepli  E.  Green, 
Henry  J.  K linger, 
Chas.  W.  Holt,     . 


POSTOFFICE. 


•       •       •       • 


Danville, 
do.  •  • 

do 
Berwick,    .  . 

do. 

Confluence, 

do. 

do 

do. 

North  East, 

do.      do.    . 
Brady,    .   .  • 
Huwloy, 
Connellsville, 

do. 
Baxter,  .  .  . 
do.      .  .  . 
PittsburfT,     . 
do. 
do. 
Hone8<lale.  . 
do. 

Rowland,  .  . 
do.  .  • 
do.  •  . 

Lackawa.xen, 
Rowland,  ■  . 
Lackawaxen, 
Williara»|>ort, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 

•lo. 

flo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


County. 

No.  of  Fish 
Shipped, 

Columbia 

2,000 

do 

2.000 

do.          

4,000 

do.          ..... 

2,000 

do 

4,000 

Somerset 

4,000 

do 

4.000 

do 

4,000 

do 

4,000 

Erie 

2,000 

do 

2,000 

Indiana 

4,000 

Wayne, 

4.000 

1  Somerset, 

4,000 

do 

4,000 

Jefferson 

2,a)0 

!       do 

2,000 

Alletfheny 

3,000 

<lo.            

3,000 

do 

3.00) 

Wayne, 

4,000 

do 

4,000 

1 

Pike 

6,000 

do 

6,000 

«lo 

!                  6,000 

do 

6,000 

do 

6,000 

do 

1                   6.000 

Lycominjr.    ..*.... 

5,000 

do 

5,000 

do.            

i                   5,000 

do.            

5.(X)0 

do.                     .     a     •           .     • 

5.000 

do 

5.000 

do 

5,000 

do 

5,000 

do.           

5,000 

do.           

5,(X10 

do.           

i                   5,000 

26 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  Fhy— Continued. 


No.  19.] 


18S0. 


Mar.  2, 
8, 
^ 
5. 
6, 
8, 
5. 
5, 
5, 

r>, 

5, 
5, 
5, 
«. 
9, 
», 
fl, 
», 
9, 
», 
9, 
9, 
9, 
9, 
9. 
13, 

la, 

13, 

13. 

18, 

13. 

13, 

13, 

13, 

13, 

13. 

13, 

13,  I 

13. 

IH,' 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOmCK. 


County. 


C.  Breming 

Simon  Lord 

James  McConnell,  ■  . 
G.  Kiardon,    ..... 

Levi  Lord 

George  Ducker,  .  .  . 
William  Weslbrook,  . 
Fred.  Westbrook,   .  . 


Williamsport,    . 
Lord's  Valley,    . 
do.         do. 
do.         do. 
do.         do. 
Blooming  Grove, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 


Lj'coming, 

Pike,    .  .  . 

do.      .  .  . 


John  Monson |  Rowland, 


L.  Rowland 

E.  S.  Rowland 

Silas  Rosencrause,  ■  . 
Edward  Fisher,    .  .  . 

Albert  Brink 

Mrs.  James  McKown, 

Geo.  Kimballs 

David  Deering,    .  .  . 

Fred  Kimball 

W.  H.  Reed 

D.  H.  Menu  re. 
O.  M.  Spettigiie 
K.  W.  Sears.  .  . 
R.  A.  Walker.  . 
J.  A.  Miller,  .  . 
J.  A.  Miller.    .   . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Kimballs, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 


Honcsdale Wayne, 


•     •      « 


do. 
do. 
do. 
Callcoon, 
do. 
do. 


H.  S.  Delong Komola. 


W.  Robb do. 

Jacob  H   Rcchdel,  •  •  •  i      do.        ... 

W.  B.  Beckwith Port  Matilda. 

Isaac  Thomas, lk>llefonte,  . 

A.  E.  Gerhart Phillipsburg. 

A.  E.  Gerhart do. 

A.  E.  Gerhart do. 

A.  E.  GiThart j  do. 

H.  H.  Hewitt '  do. 

E<1.  Dale j  Orahamton. 

W.  A.  Christ 0«ci'<)lu  .Mills, 

E.G.  Harris Clearfield.     . 

V.  (i.  Harris, do. 

T.  H.  Peirce Canton,  .  .  . 


.... 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.       . 

do.       . 
Clearfield, 

.do. 

(lu. 

do. 

Bradford, 


do 

do 

do 

.*Jullivan,  .N.  V..  . 

do.         do. 

do.        do. 

Centre 

do 


No  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


5,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6.000 

6.000 

6,000 

6,000 

6.000 

6.000 

6,U0U 

6.000 

5,000 

6.000 

5.000 

5.000 

5.0UO 

5.000 

^ooo 

5,000* 
ft,O0O 
A.OUO 
ft,000 

bjom 

ft,000 

«,ooo 

6.000 
6,000 

6jom 

2,800 
2,800 
2,800 

2,un 

5.000 
6.000 
6,000 
6.000 
2.500 
6,000 


Fish  Commissioners. 
Brook  Trout  F^y— Continued. 


27 


1890. 

Mar.  IS, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICK. 


County. 


B.  H.  Hayes Cogan.    .  . 

George  J.  Bender,  .  .  •  Nesbit,    .  . 

J.  W.  Kilborn Ralston,     . 

J.  W.  Kilboru do. 

Fulmer  &  Newhart.  .        Trout  Hun, 

1 

Fulmer  &  Newhart,  .  .  '  do. 

Robert  Imea, |  Bodines,     . 

Robert  Imes do. 

Robert  Imes do. 


Robert  I  mes. 


do. 


John  Emery Williamsport, 


W.  D.  Ducker, 

Samuel  J  ones, 

C.  Bartles,  Jr., 


21,     W.N.Gardner. 


21. 
21. 


L.  O.  Rose.     . 
D.  C.  Osborne, 


21,  i  O.  L.  Rowland, 


I 


21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

26, 

36, 

28. 

20. 

26. 

26, 

28. 

26, 

26, 

28, 

24 

28. 

31, 

31, 

31, 

81. 

31, 


Fred.  M.  Spencer,  .  • 
D.  W.  Underw«x)d,  .  . 
John  H.  Lewvillage, 


do. 
do. 
do. 
Honesdale, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Sunshine,  . 
do. 


•     •     • 


David  McRow .sohola. 


Nicholas  Hess,  ■  .  . 
H.  H.  Kubns,  .  .  . 
a.  B.Stilwell.  .  .  . 
A.  F.  Hitchlcr,  .  .  . 
G.  Kumdos,  .  .  .  . 
Frank  L.  Ricketts, 


do 

Huntingdon  Mills, 

Scranton,' 

Plymouth,  .  .  . 
Wllkesbarre.  .  .  . 
Red  Rock 


Lycoming, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Wayne,  .  . 
do.       .   . 
do. 

do.  .  • 
do.  •  . 
do.  .  . 
do.       .  . 


W,  C.  Price Pittston. 


E.  H.  Williamson. 
H.  H.Gratz,  .  .  . 
8.  W.  Dickson,  .  . 
S.  P.  Hawly,  .  .  . 
C.  H.  Zehcnder,  . 
J.  M.  Ernian,     .  . 

F.  F.  Jameson,  .  . 
John  E.  Ebard,     . 
J.  L.  Kramer,     .  . 
George  L.  Potter, 
James  M.  Moyer, 


do.  .  . 
RIoomsburg, 
Berwick,   .  . 

do.        .  . 

do.  •  . 
Forks.  .  .  . 
Sober,  .... 

<lo 

Wocxlwanl,  . 
Bellefonte,  . 
Lucy  Mills,  . 


•     ■      •     • 


do 

Huntingdon, 
Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,    .  . 
do. 

do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do. 
Columbia,     . 
do. 
do. 

do.  . 

do.  • 

Centre,  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.       ... 


•     •     •     • 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


5.000 

5,000 

5,000 

5,000 

3,000 

3,000 

2.500 

3,000 

3,000 

2,.100 

5,000 

5,000 

5,000 

5,000 

6,000 

5,000 

5.000 

5,000 

5.000 

.'i.OOO 

5,000 

5,000 

5,00J 

5.(i00 

:,.-i00 

5,0t« 
5,000 
f.,000 

5,ax) 

5.000 
5.000 
5.000 
5.000 
.\0i)0 
5,000 
5,000 
5.0U0 
5,000 
5.000 
5,000 


28 


Report  of  the 


LOff.  Doc. 


Brook  Tuout  YiiY—Gondnued. 


No.  19.J 


Fish  Commissioners. 


29 


18flO. 


Name  OF  Applicant, 


POSTOFFICE. 


COL'NTY. 


West  Miltou,   . 

Aarousliurg-,  . 

do. 
PineOlen,    .  . 
do.  .  .  , 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Wiliiarasbiirg', 


Mar.  31,      Amundus  Scheaffer, 
31,  i  Robert  DatesmuD. 
31,  j  James  P.  Coburn,  . 
31,     James  P.  Coburn,  . 
31,     GeorKC  K.  Hoak,  .  . 
31,  I  George  R.  Boak.  . 
31,  :  Georg-e  R.  Uoak,  .  .  , 
3J,     George  H.  Uoak,  .  .  . 
31,     George  \l.  Uoak,  .   .  . 
31.  i  George  H.  Boak. 
Apr.    ;J,  i  W.Ul  Cat  Fishing  Club,  j  EbensburK. 
3,      ^Vild  Cat  Fishing  Club,  I  do. 

3,  Wildcat  Fishinjf  Club. 
3,  Wild  Cat  Fishing  Club, 
3,  Wildcat  Fishing- Club. 
3.  Wildcat  Fishing  Club. 
3.     J.  L.  \  H.  D.  I- vans.      . 

3.     .1.  A.  Hiddle, 

3.      II.C.  Dern 

^.     .1.  I)  Freis, 

3.     J.  s.  Pluiumer, 

3,     A.  S.  Morrow, 

«!-     X.  U.  IJubb 

•'.     A.  D.  Hermance,     . 

'■•      ".A.8late 

•'.  John  A.  Gamble,  . 
".  W  M.  Harrison,  .  . 
'■>.     James  F:  Robbins, 

6.     John  Jameson R.isecrans. 

*•'     A.  Jameson,  .... 

".     Henry  Holt 

6.     S.  A.  Holt 

«•     -'.n.  Holt 

•n     Miller  Holt 

*'  j  '*•  '».  Seamai 

9.     H.S.  .Salmon 

».     M.  n.  A  lien 

9.  I  I.  N.  Welsh 

9.     A.  F.  Andrews,     .  .  . 
9.  '  C.  O.  Rutiedgc.     .  .  . 


do. 
Moshannon, 
do. 
df). 
do. 
Ilonesdale,   . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
«lo. 
do. 


Union, 

do. 
Centre, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
»lo. 
do. 
do. 
Cambria, 
do 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
lilair,   .   . 


Altoona j„^ 

do 

Cove  Forge,  .  .  . 
Hollidaysburg,  .  . 
Wiiiiainsport,    . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  .  , 

do. 

*».             ... 
West  port 


I     do.     .  . 
I 

do.     .  . 

;     do.     .  . 

'  L.vcominir, 

j  do. 

«lo. 

«lo. 

do. 
Clinton,  .  . 
do.       ,  . 

dn.  .    . 

Centre, 

do.       .  . 

do.       .  . 

<lo.       .  . 

Wayne,  .  . 

do.        .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


5,000 
5,000 

a,50o 

2.500 

3,000 

5,000 

2,.t00 

^..ViO 

5.000 

2,500 

3.UU0 

3,000 

3,000 

3.000 

3,000 

8,000 

ii.OOO 

5.0IJ0 

5,000 

5,000 

5.000 

.5,000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3,000 

3.000 

.•>,0(i0 

3.000 

3,000 

3;000 

3,000 

3.000 

3,000 

■i.OOC 

5.000 

5,000 

5,000 

5,000 

S.OOt) 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Apr.  9, 
9, 
», 
9. 
«, 
9, 

n, 

H, 
11, 
11, 
May  21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
25. 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 

a>, 

25, 

25. 
25, 
25, 
2.J, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
2.5, 


25. 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
28, 
28, 


Namboi''  Applicant. 


E.  B.  Wood,   .  .  . 
W.  H.  Stone,  .  .  . 
J.O.Ferrell,      . 
Dr.  J.  W.  Kesslcr 
W.  H.  Gleason, 
Perry  A.  Clark, 
J.  P  Groogan, . 
L.  M.  Far  well,  . 
C.  R.  Sober,     .  . 
J.  S.  Farwell,     . 
Alfred  Vair,  .  . 

F.  P.  Paulhaus, 
John  R.  Raker,  . 
Andrew  Ruhe,  • 
Giles  H.  Lyons, 
W,  A.  Cambell. 
8.  A.  Yorks,    .  . 
M.  C.  Frlck,    .  . 
Wilson  Gerhart, 
Dr.  S.  J.  Thompson 
W.  B.  Chamberlain 
J.  W.  .Miller.   .  . 
H.  P.  Smith,  .  . 
8.  B.  Henderson, 
W.  H.  BIdwell, 
Geo.  W.  lA-onard 
James  A.  Bigert, 
Lewis  Arnold,  . 
J.  L.  Stockcr,     . 
E.  W   Bishop.    . 
Garrison  Shafer, 
N.  S.  Blttain,  ■  . 
John  Hogan, 
A.  B.  Blackinton 
Henry  Buyer,    . 
Joiomc  Smiley, 
J.  S.  Bateman,  . 
C.  H.  Fisher.  M.  D., 
C.  H.  Wliitmoi-e, 

C.  H.  Whltmore, . 


POSTOFFICE. 


Houcsdale,  .  .  . 

do.  •  .  • 

do.       .    .  .  • 

do.  ... 

Tanner's  Falls,  . 

Perry  Ridge,  .  • 

Glen  UuioD,    .  . 

do.       do.       .  . 

do.       do.       .  . 

do.       do.       .  . 

French vi lie,    .  . 

Montgomery, .  . 

Mazeppa,  .... 

Buffalo  X  Roads, 

Uniondale,   .  . 

Shiuksliinny, 

Danville 

do 

do 

do.  .... 

do 

Montgomery.  .  . 
do.  .  . 

do. 

Rink 

do 

do 

do 

Peetona,    .... 

Gravity 

Tobyhanna,     .  . 
Tobyhannu  Mills, 

do.  do. 

Dunmore, 

do. 
Gouldsboro, 

do. 
Scranton,  . 
'  Corry,     .  . 
do.     ... 


County. 


Wayne,  ... 

do        ... 

do.        ... 

do.        .  .  . 

do.        .  .  • 

do.        ... 

CliDtOD.  ... 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

Clearneld.     . 

Lycommg,    . 

Union,    .  .  . 

d«i. 
Susquehanna, 
Luzerne,    .  . 
Montour,  .  . 
do.         .  . 
do. 

do.  .  . 

do.         .  . 
Lvcoming. 
do. 
do. 
Wayne,  .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


•     •     *     • 


do. 
«lo. 

do.        ... 
do.        .  .  . 
Monroe,     .  .  . 
do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

Lackawanna, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Erie 

do 


5.000 
5.000 
5.000 
5,000 
5,000 
6,000 
3,000 
12,00(» 
3,U0O 
3,000 
5,900 
6,000 
5,000 
5.00) 
2,500 
2.500 
2.500 
2,')00 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 

2,rm 

2,5(X) 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2.5011 
2,500 
2.r.oi 
2,.JO0 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
5,000 
2,.5O0 
2,500 


•«•■«« 


80 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  Y^y— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


May  28, 
28. 
28, 
28. 
28, 
29, 
29. 
29, 
2«. 
29, 

June  3, 


J.  G.  Austin,     I  Corry 


D.  U.  Newton 

Geo.C.  H olden,    .  .  . 

Frank  Laurie 

H.  C.  Fraisrer Uo, 

H.  C.  Koser,  .      ...     j  Mill  Run, 

H.  C.  Kf)8er jo.    ilo. 

H.  ('.  Koser do.    <lo. 

'''•  •^-  "*«^*^" Pittsburg I  Alietfheny, 

•"•  ^'^^  Bissell !  do i         d„. 


F.  \..  Majfee Mazeppa, 

3,  Jaeob  B  Kelly,    ....         do. 

a.  L.  n.  Hunter, Moal.shurtf.   •  . 

■*•  ^^'illiana  Colye Tusseyville, 

3,  Olin  Jamisfxi j  So»)er,     ... 

3,  H.  F.  Donehower,      .  .  LewisburK,  • 

3,  Jacob  Lotig', !         do, 

3.  B.  V.  Aug-stardt,     ...  do. 

3.      Peter  J.  Criste,     ...        .Milton  I  v     .i        ■      ■      ^ 

*""^"" I  Northumberland, 

3,     .Jacob  Kamp Lock  (Imon  '<  t^i     . 

'  LiocK  tiaven Clinton 

1~.  John  H.  Spastinjf,   •   .  Krie, 

1-',  \V.  M.  (nary 

1:-'.  Wni.  Rre water.     .  .  . 

1-',  K.  K.  Brown.         .  .  . 

IS;,  H.  S.  Thurston d<. 

1-.  Nelson  dark do 

HI.  Herbert  Mead. Spring  (reek, 

18,  E.  E.  Wheeler Ub<x?uf \  ^^w, 

19.  H.  r.  iKniuth Lancaster, 

19.  AuKustus.Meiers,    .   .   .'  Duboistown 


do. 
do. 
do. 


Erie.  . 

do.  . 

<lo.  . 
do. 

<io.  .  , 

do.  ,  , 
Warren, 


19,  Frank  Warinjr,  •  . 
1!',  (J.  W.  NauKle.  .  . 
1!»,  G.  \\.  Naujrle,  .  .  . 
IB,  I  0.  W.  Naugle,  .  .  . 

•'illy    7,      M.  D.  Mott 

7,  j  Geo.  Colllnjrwood, 
?,  j  Chas.  Sehardt,  .  . 
7.  I  Geo.  O.  Phney,  .      . 
T,      Benson  Eifrhiiey,     . 


•  I  Lancaster, 

I  , 
•  •  •  •  I  I^yeoraitiK:, 

Phillipsburjf !  Centre,    .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


Millord, I  Pikj. 

"«wley I  Wayne,  . 


d«). 


do. 


Damascus !      do. 

Calkins, !      do. 


5,000 

5,000 

-•.500 

5,000 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

-',50iJ 

2,500 

2,.')00 

2,500 

5.(100 

3,ax) 

4.0U) 

4.0UI 

2.000 

•i.lKKt 

2,00(1 

4.000 

«,CUO 

4.00(( 

'2,(KII) 

3,000 


30 


Keport  of  the 
Bruuk  Trolt  ViiY—Confinued. 


[Off.  Doc. 


185*0. 


.Namk  OJ   .\IMM.I(  a.nt. 


I'OSTUKKIl  E. 


t'olM  V. 


.May  28,     .1    <;.  A 


ii-tm. 


-8,      I».  |{.  Ntwtoii 


-'8.  '  (mo.  C.  H.i|.l,.|i.  .  . 
>,  Fnink  I.aiiiic,  .  .  . 
~'\      (I.e.  FraJKCT.    .    .    . 

H.  ('.  Kns.r.    .       .   . 

H.  <  .  K.s,! 

H.  <  .  K.istr,   .... 

I'   >.  I{|>^cll,        .   .   . 

F.   S.    |{i>M'll 


■-'!', 
Lit 


.lUIIC      .i.  F.    I,.    .M;,jr,.,..      .      .      . 

'<.  .luiol,  |{    K«  lly,     . 

•'.  I..  M.  Iluiiicr.     .    . 

•'.  William  Colyi..  .  , 

•>>  '  Mill  .lanii!>nii,    .   . 

•i.  II.  F.  hoiicliitwir, 

•>.  .laroli  l.oriL'',    .    .    , 

•i-  I J   I  .  .\iitrstar.lt, 

•'.  I'ltir  .1.  •   1  i«.tr,      . 

■>,  .lai'iili  l\aiii|>,     .    . 

I:.'.  .Inhii  II.  >|ia-.t  iiiir^ 

1".  \V    M.  (,.  ary.    . 

':-'.  Win.  |{n«>t<  r.     . 

\--i.  I!,  li    Un.wd. 

I'-'.     II.  ^.  'rhtii>tipii,   . 

1:.'.  .Nrlsnii  «  laik.     .  . 

in.  Ilcrhnt  .\|«a<l.  . 

I\  F.  F.  W  I,,.,..,  r.   .  . 

'•'.  M-  •  .  I>i  iimth.  .  . 

I!'.        .\lll!ll»tll..  .M»  l<|>, 

II'.      Frank  WiMiim.     • 
I'',      'i.  W.  Nai.ul...   .       , 
l;'.      (',.  w.  Niniuri,..   .    .    , 

I''.      <;.  W.  .Njiuiil.-.   .   .   . 
■'"l.v    :.      .M.  |(.  Motr 

••         <  •<  II      "    oil  I  111;  Wui  111, 

'.      <  liii>,  "•(  lumli,   .   . 

'.        (ilMi    «».    I'liMiy,   . 


<'<)ny. 

.io.      .   . 

<!<..      .   . 

-Id.      .   . 

-in.       .    . 
-Mill  Uiiii. 

•  111.     il(). 

•  Id.     lid. 
Fitt^lmr" 


.Ma/.»|>|ia,   . 


M(ial.«'lujr>f,   .   .   . 
Tu>.-iy\  illr,     .   . 

Sdl.cr 

I..<wi«liiir>i,   .    .    . 


Eri«',  .    . 

.!•..  .   . 

•Id.  .    . 

•  Id.  .   . 

•  Id.  .   . 
Fayctti' 

I  id. 
<ld. 

.Mlfjfln'iiy, 
•  !•>. 


Fiildii. 

lid. 
<  tritu',    . 

•!•!. 

I    llldll.       . 
ll<l. 
'I.I. 


■'^''""" N'litlmmlM.rlan.i, 

''"'■'*  llax.n (  imtdii 


Fri«', 
il<i. 
•  id. 
<ld. 


>l'inijf  <  n,k.  . 
I."  l">«iil.  .  .  . 
l.aiK»i>f«r.     .   .   . 

lM.lM.i>fdWI| I.N.dMliim 

l'liilli|.sl,iii>f I'.tittv.    . 

'Id.  1,, 


•  Flic.     .   . 

'1.1.       .   . 
'U<.       .       , 

•  '!<•.       .   .   , 

•  .l<-.       .   .   . 
'Id.       .   .    . 

\^'al|■<•ll. 

•  Flic.     .   .    . 
I.aiuii.<t<  f. 


.1... 

i 

■     .Milldi-il.  . 

.        IFlWl.N, 

'Id. 
I  >aiiia'<t'ii> 
•  alluiiji. 


•  !•'. 

'Id. 
F'ikc,     . 
\^a\  lie. 


Xo.  OK  Fish 


•■i.rm 

-'..•ilXJ 
•J,.Vii) 

."i.ttJO 

.'».aio 

.'•.(Kill 

">.(IIKJ 

JM«t».WiO 

■».UIi) 
."».( »  n  I 

::'.."i(Hi 

."l.l  H  It  t 
.'i.lXNI 
-'..•)"•) 
'J,'A»t 
»,.'>lld 
'}.{*  •  I 
-,"»<  ' I 
»'.. ■><•'( 
~.."i<«l 
'~.  "i'  I 
-'..'ill  I 

2..".»'tl 

•,'.:.iiit 
.•..((I  I 

4.tMI 

4.11.  Ill 

-'.(K.I1 

■.'.mm 

4 .1  It  H  I 

4,rn  M I 

'.;.i>i«i 


H 

n 

— 
o 

m 
if) 

H 
m 
:d 

2: 

I 

> 
H 
O 
X 
m 
:c 
-< 

I 
o 

c 

m 


.i.WKl 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.J 


Fu^^  Commissioners,. 


Brooj  ^  ^^'''''^  FRY-Continued. 


1890. 


Name  ok  Applicant 


P08TOFFICE. 


COCNTY. 


July    7,  I  William  Eijfhney.    . 

20,     D.c.  Kissel,    .  .  .- 

20,  ,  J.  G.  Weaver,    . 

30,    J.  G.  Weaver, 

y.  .  . 
20,     Harry  L.  Welt 

20, 

28, 

ao. 


30. 
30, 
30, 


Murry  Forbs 

Jran. 
Sam.  U.  Coc 

r,  .  .  . 

J.  M.  Mill. 

(Hey,  .  . 

J.  B.  Eitf' 

^ney,  .  .  . 

-•Irnney,  .  .  . 

•  m.  .Suii)lu8key, 


^*"*'"^ i  Wayne 

^°"^"^*'' I  Westmoreland.     . 

BottsviUe.     ....  , 

•     !  do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 

rmstrong', 

Sullivan,  N.  Y.,     .  . 


do I 

■  •     (jreeusburjf,    ...        I 
do.            ..//J 
'  j  Kittanningr |  ^ 

•  Callecoon, 

•  Calkius,  . 
do.       .   , 

•  do.      .  . 

•  Erie,     .      . 
o.  12,  jO..M.SjH.tti8ue jHonesdale, 

12,  I  P.  W.  Gardner,     ... 


W 


ayne. 


i2,  I  B.  C.  Gardner.  .   . 
12,  I  William  H.  Heed, 
la,  I  L.  F.  Bishop.  .  .  . 
12,     .1.  W.  Kesler.     .  . 
1',     W.  E.  Benet,      .  .  , 
12,  I  F.  E.  Sherwood,  .  . 
12.  I  F.  B.  Whilmy,      .  . 
12      W.  >f,  Gardner,    .  . 
12,  I  L.  E.  Gardnor. 
12,     Benjamin  Gardner, 
12,  ;  U.  W.  Sear«,  .... 

12,  :  L.  V.  Lane 

IS,  T.  M.  Fuller,  ... 
!«.  j  E.T.Torrey,Jr.,.  . 
15»     C.  B.  .lackson,   .   .  . 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

'Jo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•  •  I  <lo. 

■  •     Berwjrk 
!».  I  O.  W.  NauKl,. ,. 


!».  I  O.  W.  Nautfle.  . 

I»,     0.  W.  Naunrle,  . 

li*,     I.  Thomas,  .  .  . 

U»,     J.  C.  Weaver,    . 

1",     J.  L.  Harris.       . 

1",     A.  E.  Gearhart,    . 
19.  I  J.  T.  Beardsley. 
1»,  I  William  Blesh,     . 
10.  I  J.  D.  McCllntock, 
IP,     G.  P.  Gould,  .  .  . 


l>illi|>sl»ur>r. 
do. 
do. 
Bellefonte.   . 
do. 
do. 

Pliii:ipslMir»r,  . 
!-'>«■  k  Haven,  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 

•  do. 

•  j  Erie,     . 
Waynt', 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.       . 
do. 

'lo.       . 
do. 

do.       . 
do. 
Columbia, 
Centre,    .  , 
do.       .  . 


<lo. 
do. 
do. 

<lu. 

do. 

Clinton, 

do. 

do. 

do.       . 


31 


No.  OP  Fish 
Shipped. 


3,000 

4.000 

2,000 

2,0110 

4,000 

4,000 

4,000 

4,000 

4,000 

4.000 

3.000 

4.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.aw 

3,000 

3,000 

3.000 

3,000 

3,000 

3,000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

3.000 

•XOOO 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.(KJ0 

2,000 

2,000 


32 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.J 


Fish  Commissioners. 


Bitooj;  Trout  Fry— Conlinued. 


18!tl. 

Feb.  lit, 

19, 
19, 

19, 
lit, 

19. 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 

Mm, 

o> 


Namk  (»k  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


•>■> 
•>» 

22 
«•» 

""> 


25, 


Lewis  Waters,  .  .  . 

.).  H.  Mussina,  .  .  . 

F.  E.  Harder,     .  .  . 

L.  M.  Morrison, 

E.  I{,  .Shoemaker.    . 

M.  F'retlericks.  .   .  . 

W.  F.  Loveland,  .  . 

W.  F.  Loveland,  .  . 

S.  L.  Heard,    .... 

P.  B.  Mons,     .  .  .  .  , 

H.  G.  Merrell,   .  .  .  . 

P.  F.  Toole 

E,  F.  Golde, 

J.  M.  Header,     .  .  .  . 

Addison  Shupp,    .  .  . 

D.  Carez, 

C.  E,  Gearhart,     .  .  . 
j  W.  W.  Watson,     .   .  . 

.1.  H.  Fry 

I  .lolin  Keens, 

I  W.  A.  Dean 

i  1".  Piper 

I  A.  H.  Coouer 

John  Ilrobst, 

V.  S.  Triukenniiller, 

;  W.  Pysher, 

I  A  P.  Hull 

John  F.  Derr 

j  G.  W.Crawford,     .  . 
F<<lward  App,     .... 

W.  L.  Girton 

A.  CrisluT 

S.  Iloyer, 

E.  Datesnian 

Robert  Datesnian,  .   . 

n.  F.  Keiser 

R.  I».  Packer,    .... 

W.  n.  Hajrcr 

J.  F,  Shafer, 

David  Kies.    .  .  . 


Lock  Haven,  . 
do. 


COUNTT, 


do. 

d(j. 

do. 

do. 
Lamar, 

do. 
Salona, 


Clluto"' 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Kylertown ;  Clearfield. 


<lo. 

do. 
McEwensville, 

do. 

do. 

■lo. 

till.* 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Milton,    .   .   .  . 

do 

Watsontown. 

do. 

do. 
Montponiery,  . 

do. 

do. 
Muncy,  .... 

:       do 

I 

I  Milton 

West  Milton.    . 

do. 

do. 

d<.. 

do. 

,  Lock  Haven,   . 

<lo. 

do. 


•     •     • 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do. 
do. 

Northumlterland, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

'.  do. 

I  do. 

I  do. 

I  do. 

do. 

dtt. 

do. 

Lyeoniinjr 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

['nion,    . 

dii. 

do. 

do. 

do.         . 
do. 
Clinton, 
do. 
do. 


Warrensville F.v 


yconiinjf. 


2.000 
•-',000 
2.0CO 
2.000 
3,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2.000 
2.000 
2.000 

l,.m, 
1,500 

i,riOo 

i.r)(X) 
i.-VJi) 

i.:.oo 
i."«) 

1,.V)0 
1,.V10 

i,.vn 
i.-vw 

1,500 
l,.'.(Xt 
1,100 
l..-iCO 

i.:;<» 
i..-,oo 
l.:,Oii 
l.-'itt) 

i.rioo 
i,:jOO 
i,wo 

1.500 
1,300 
LWO 

i,r,oo 

1.5C.; 


33 


Brook  Trout  FRY-Coniiimed. 


1800. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


P08T0»riCE. 


Feb.  25,  I  J.  L.  Guinter, 
25.  H.  J.  Clulger, 
25,  ,  J.  E.  Green,    . 


2S, 


'£i. 


26, 
23, 

88. 
25, 


Wljliainsport, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


CODNTV. 


J.  G.  Reading,  Jr., 
W.  W.  Hart,  .  .  , 
W.  M.  Harrison,  .  . 
«S,  j  O.  C.  Clulger,  .  .  . 
25,  j  G.  B.  M.  Metzger,  . 
W.  L.  Housel,    .      . 

8.  Jones, 

R.  O.  Wilson.  .  .  . 
J.  A.  Gamble,  .  .  . 
J.  C.  Green,    .... 

C.  F.  Berry 

J.  W.  McMieken,     . 
25.     H.  Green,  ... 

25,     John  Vearing,     .  .  , 

25,     G.  I.  Bender 

25,     G.  L  Bender 

a-».  j  Dr.J.  A.  Klump.    .  , 

25.     T.  T.  Ardell 

25,  :  C.  BartJes.  Jr 

25.  j  W.  D.  Crocker, .... 

^  I  W.  W.  Hertz 

G.  W.  Klump 

Dr.  J.  Stiekel 

E.  Vongundcn Rosenerans, 

H.  M.  stam 

R.  W.  A.  Jameson, 
2-5,  I  F.  R.  Miller,   .... 
*■),  I  Samuel  Matter, 

Mar.   1,  j  L.  Rowland 

••  !•  Oeorge  Smith,  .  . 

I  »  •     •      I 

If  j  Nelson  Dewitt,        .  . 
i.  I  Charles  Burcher,    . 
1.  I  George  Grimes.    .  .  . 
'«  '  N.  C.  Rowland.    .  . 
J.  j  Charles  Babcock,    .  . 
'•  I  E.  S.  Rowland,     .  .  . 
1.     Edward  Goble,     .  . 


25, 

25, 

«i, 
25, 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
Loginton, 


3-19  9]. 


df>. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


•  •  •  . 


•  •  •  • 


Lj'coming, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


I 


do. 

do. 
•  i         do. 

■  do. 

■  I         do. 
do. 

j         do. 

do. 

do. 
j         do. 

do. 

I        do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Clinton, . 
do.      . 
do.       . 
do.      . 
do.      . 
^^^'«°«J '  Pike,    .  .  , 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1.500 

1,300 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

^.lOO 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1..500 

1.300 

1.500 

1.300 

l.-Wi 

1,5L0 

1..TO0 

1.500 
1.500 

1.500 

i.5a;i 

1.300 

1,500 

1,300 

1.300 

1,.V)0 

1,.500 

1,500 

1.500 
1,500 
1,300 
1,500 

1,500 
l..V)0 

1.500 


34 


Kepobt  op  the 
Brook  Tuout  Fry— Co7i(inued. 


[Off.  Doc. 


No  19.] 


Fish  Commissionebs. 


1889. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Mar.    1,     John  Jacoby,    . 
1,     F.  H.  Andrews, 
1,     A.  R.  Faeunner, 
1.  I  Dr.  C.  R.  Brady, 


County. 


1. 

h 

1, 

1, 

1, 

I, 

1. 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1. 


J.H.Welch 

E.  J.  Lowry,  .  .  . 
W.  H.  Stone,  .  .  . 
Dr.  R.  \V.  Brad}',  . 
J.  W.  Baker,      .  .  . 

F.  V.  C'arr 

H.  Kalkman,  .  .  . 
E.  B.  \Voo<l 

C.  P.  Eldred,  .  .  .  . 
Chris.  Hartung,  .  . 

A.  T.  Searle,  .... 
E.  H.  Bummany,    . 

B.  F.  Kellain,  .  .  . 
J.  B.  Mayer,  .... 
E.  L.  Sch  layer,     .  . 

D.  B.  Welchham,    . 


1,  I  T.  H.  Goodnouffh, 

1,     D.  C.  Brooks,     .  . 

1,     JohnGrathwohl, 

1,  I  W.  Schmalzle,  .  . 

1,     Edward  Malone, 

1,  '  R.  W.  Kelley,    .  . 

1.     Hortoii  Kimble,  . 

4,     Barclay  Bros.,  .  . 

4,  I  W.  L.  Barclay,     . 

4,  J.  V.  Hunscorn,  . 
4,  j  S.  Neldon,  .... 
4,     J.  H.  Beadle,     .  . 

4,     W.  E.  Sapp 

4,     A.  E.  Grugan,  .  ,  , 

4,     John  Eljert 

4,    C.  H.  .«ober,    . 
4,     James  Smith, 
4,     H.  M.  Grove,  . 
4,     E.Campbell, 
4.     J.  .•<.  Haiding', 


.  •  •  .  • 


•  .  .  . 


..*•.. 


Rowland,  . 
Honesdale, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
da 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
«lo. 
Hawley. 

do 

do.  

do.  

Rileyville 

IJethany 

BI«K)ming  Grove, .  . 

Kimble, 

do 

do 

do 

Sinnemahoning,   .  . 
<lo. 
<lo.  .  . 

Wistar 

Dagus  Mines 

do.      do 

Hyner 

Glen  Union 

Lewisburg,  ..... 

Glen  L'nion, 

do.      do. 

do.      do. 

do.      do. 


.   •  .   . 


Pike,   . 

Wayne, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  , 
do.  , 
do.  . 
do. 

do.  . 
do. 

do.      . 
do. 
do.      . 
do.      . 
Pike,    .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
i'ameron, 
•lo. 
do. 
Clinton, . 
Elk,  .  .  . 
do.   .  .  . 
Clinton,  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  .  , 
do.  .  , 
do.      .  , 


No.  OF  Fl8H 

Shipped. 


1,.^00 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,510 

n.'iOO 

1,500 

l,.'i00 

1,.tOO 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,.tOO 

1,.tOO 

ijm 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,800 

1,800 

1,500 

1,500 

1,200 

1,500 

MOO 

1,.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

i,r*M 

1,500 

i.:m 

K.-iOO 

I, .WO 

1,.V10 

\,rm 
i,.v)o 

L.WO 
1,.-jOO 


35 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Vontinued. 


Mar.  4, 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4. 
4, 


C.  B,  Dougherty, 
Wm.  Chrice, 
W.  B.  Sober, 

D.  Pursley, 
0.  S.  Motter 


No.  OP  Fish 
Shipped. 


W.  H.  Sloan yfm 


4,     C.  A.  Quiggle,  . 
4,  '  W.  Danley,     .  . 
4,  j  John  A.  Gamble, 
4%     H.  A.  State, 
4,     N.  B.  Bubb,    .  . 
4,  I  A.  D.  Herraauce, 
4      W.  H.  Hatter, 
4,  I  W.  M.  Harrison. 
4,  j  William  Linch, 
4,     Edwary  Demby, 
9,     S,  B.  Henderson, 
9,     F.  B.  Paul  bam  us, 
9,  j  R.  A.  Sichler, 
9.  I  A.  B.irley,      .  . 
9,     Henry  Harman, 
9,     F,  Bower,    .  .  . 
9,  I  W.  B.  Smith,      . 


9, 
9, 
9, 
9. 

», 
9, 

!», 
9, 
9, 
9. 


G.  A.  Kaufman 

W.  E.  Housel, 

T.  C.  Thornton 

B.  K.  Focht 

Jacob  Long, 

H.  F.  Donchouse,   . 

R.  Eley 

F.  A.  Donehouso,    . 

Levi  Rook 

J.  C.  Conner, 
»,  j  Dr.  Wm.  Leiscr. 
9,     B.  K.  Focht.  .  .  . 
«•.  ;  8.  W.  Rutherford, 


<x 


Dr.  G.  c.  Mohn, 


".  I  8.  W.  Rutherford, 
!',  C.  C.  Thomas,  .  . 
!».  '  L.  S.  Bricker. 


B 


36 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


No.  19.J 


Fish  Commissioners. 


Mar.    !». 

«. 
». 

y, 

9, 

», 

V, 

l», 
13, 
13. 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13. 
13. 
13, 
13, 

13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
1», 
13. 
13. 
13. 
13. 
13, 
13, 

i:j. 

13. 
13, 
13, 
13. 


E.  W.  Hess 

U.  D.  Musser 

\V.  M.  AllisoD 

R.  D.  Musser 

F  F.  .Jamison 

J.  W.  Ebert. 

J.  L.  K reamer 

H.  Kline 

John  F.  Harter,  .  .  •  • 

VV.  S.  Coover 

J.  |{.  Whiimer 

J.  B.  Liubacb 

D.  S.  Fry 

D.  Leacb, 

W.  8.  Youngmau,  .  .  . 

A.GauD 

C.  E.  Bubb 

S.  L.  YouDgman,     .  .  • 

F.O.  Sweet 

A.  n.  Ebersole,  ■  •  . 

J.C.  Xeyhart, 

T.  S.  Apken 

De  Witt  Budine 

E.  W.  S.  Reed 

.John  Corn,     

J.  W.  Kilburn.     .  .  .  . 

P.  M.  Wbitacre 

H.  >V.  Harrison,  .  . 

M.  E.  Lilley 

A.  Fletterman, .  .  .  .  . 
E.  S.  Cbase,     .... 
H.  N  Danljcry,    .  .  . 

C.  Pealep 

8.  P.  Rigbtraire.  .  .  . 

R.  E.  Brink 

J.  L.  Temple 

A.  L.  Avery. 

Tbumas  Bontley, .  .  • 
W.  H.  Allen, 


•      •      •     •     • 


C.  F.  riieney,     | 


Boalbburg,  ■ 
Spring  Mills. 
do.       do. 
do.        do. 
Sober,  .  .  . 
do.       •  .  . 
Woodward, 
Penn  Hall. 
Millbeim.  . 
Watsontown 
Northurabcrlaud 
McEwensville, 

do. 

do. 
Williamsport, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Cariwnter,    .  . 
Roaring  Brancb 
Trout  Run. 
Marsh  Hill. 
Hugbesvilie 
Ralston,  ■  • 
Newburg, 
Ralston,  .  . 
Laporte,    . 

do. 
Canton,  .  . 
St.  Marys, 
Eagle's  Mere, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

d«>. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


County. 


Centre, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Northumber 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Lycoming. 

do. 

do 

do. 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Sullivan, 

do. 

Bradford, 

Elk,  .  .  . 

Sullivan, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

I        do. 

do. 


and. 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 
1,.^00 
1,.W0 
1,.50U 
1,500 
1.500 
1,.500 
1,500 
l,o0() 
l,50iJ 
1,51M 
l,5fiU 
1,5UU 
1,500 
1,5UU 
1,500 
^.'iUO 
1,500 
1,500 
1,600 

i,seo 

1,500 
IJ600 
1.500 
1.500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,600 
1,500 
1,800 
1,800 
1.500 
1,800 
1400 

1A» 

1,600 
1,800 
14100 
1,600 
1.800 


Brook  Trout  'Fm— Continued. 


1890. 


Mar.  13, 

13. 
13, 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


G.  B.  Daneley 

R.  M.  Storncout,  .  .  . 
A.  H.  Buscbelrausen, 


13,     Russel  Karns, 


13, 

13, 

13. 

13, 

13, 

14 

U, 

14, 

14. 

U. 

U. 

14. 

14, 


C.  Kraus,  ■  .  . 
8.  B.  Karns,  . 
W.  B.  Hill,  .  . 
J.  F.  Bennett, 
A.  F.  Letts,  .  . 
J.  L.  Carter,  . 
J ;  L.  Carter,  . 
J.  L.  Carter,  . 
A.  J.  Hall,  .  . 
E.  E.  Wheeler, 
E.  H.  Leslie,  . 
C.  F.  Adams,  . 
E.  C.  Slocum, 


POSTOFFICK. 


Eagles'  Mere,  .  .  . 

Laporte 

do.  


County. 


•     •     •     « 


H,     D.  Weiller, 


14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 

1«, 


H.  S.  Thurston, 
A.  J.  McCreary, 
D.  P.  Tritts.  .  . 
8.  8.  Weritler,  . 
J.  Bogart,    .  .  . 


1».  I  Chas.  Klinch, 

16, 

16, 

16, 

16. 


A.  Horbden,  .  . 

J.  A.  Fisher,   .  . 

W.  H.  yuinn,    . 

M.  H.Sassley,  . 
J6.  I  F.  F.  Kane,  .  . 
W,  Edward  Bourns, 
*6,  '  J.  K.  Hornbeek, 


16, 


O.  W.  Uster, 


16,  Ed.  Wonlheater, 
16,  Robt.  Anderson, 
16.  T.  H.  Buliotk.  . 
16.  W.  C.  Lloyd,  .  . 
'6,  j  Nelson  Daw,  .  . 
16,  G.  Temple,  .  .  . 
John  Brooking, 


16, 


16,  ;  Hermiui  Marmer*,   . 


do. 
do. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

Muncy  Valley,  .  . 

ShuDk 

Union  City 

do.       do 

do.       do 

do.       do 

Leboeuf \    do, 

do.    do 

Erie 

do 

do 

do 

Avonia 

Wnterford,  ..... 

Fairview 

Huw^kins 

do.  

New  York  city, .  .  , 

Milford, 

do 

Westcolang,  .... 
Puvre  Niles  ,  .  .  .  . 
Scranton 


Sullivan, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Erie,     .  . 
do.      ,  . 


do 

<lo 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Sullivan,  N.  Y., 
do.  do. 


EquinuDk, 

do. 

do 

do. 

do. 
Starrucca, 

do. 

Pleasant  .Mount, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 


•     •     •      • 


Pike,    .  . 

do.       .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 
Wayne,  . 

do. 


do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


•  •  •  • 


*  •  .  . 


37 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 

IJiOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,600 

1,800 

1,600 

1,500 

:.'.000 

1,500 

1,500 

1.600 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.J00 

1.500 

1..500 

L.'iOO 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

i.:iU0 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.5U0 

1,-iOO 

1,500 

1,.tOO 
1,500 
1,500 
1,300 
1.500 
1,500 
1..W1 
1,.^| 


88 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


Mar.  13,  F.  H.  Speucer, 

16,  L.  A.  Smith, 

16.  William  Eighiny, 

16,  D.  W.  Berry, 

16,  A.  D.  Kutledife, 

16,  H.  A.  Williams,    . 

16,  O.  C.  Pinney,     .  . 

16,  W.  O.  Curtis,  .  .   . 

16,  C.  E.  Ucach,    .  .  . 

16,  F.  A.  Stoddart,  .   . 

16,  C.  M.  Kessler,    .  • 

16,  I.  U.  Drum,    .  .  . 

16,  W.  W.  Larrabee, 

16,     P.  Miirritt 

16,  I  S.  E.  Durrett,    .  . 

18,  C.  V.  Wrigrht,     .  . 

18.  E.  W.  Urey,   -  .  . 

18,  J.  G.  Davis,    .  .  . 

18,  F.  H.  Wigtoii,   .  . 

18,     1.  N.  Eby 

18,  I  W.  D.  Isctt.    .   .  . 

18,  j  George  Stern,    .  . 

18.  '  William  Martin.  . 

18.     F.  Scboeff 

i^,  S.  A.  Dauncr,    .  . 

18,  P.  Brown,    .      •  . 


18. 
18. 
18, 
18, 

18, 
18, 

I«, 
18, 
18, 

18, 

If*. 
18. 


William  Brown,  . 
H.  Brimmer, .  .  . 
H.  E.  Mublenbcrg. 
E.  Livingston,  .  . 

S.  ^^ouder8 

G.  W.  Berstlcr, 
John  Rce84T.  .   .  . 

E.  Fry, 

C.  H.  McCauley.  . 
C.  H.  McCauley,  . 
William  Hertzler, 
J.  L.  Roup, .... 


18,    8.  A.  McLain,    . 
\%,     J.  N.  Griinnitror. 


POSTOrFlCE. 


COUNTV. 


Pleasant  Mount,   .   . 

Calkins, 

do 

Galilee, 

do 

Lake  Como 

Damascus 

Scott  Centre, 

Milanville, 

Stevens  Point 

do.        do 

Herrick  Centre,     . 

Jackson,    

Uniondale, 

do.  

Su8i|uehannH 

York  Furnace,  .  .  .  . 

Altoona, 

do 

do 

Spruce  Creek 

Compassvilie, .  .  . 

do.  

Drumore, 

do.         

dti 

do 

Lancaster, 

do.  ....      , 

Oa]) 

do.      

Cains 

do 

McCall's  Fijrry 

Ridgway 

do 

Port  Koyal, 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•      •      •     •      • 


•      t     •      •      • 


Wayne 

do 

do. 

do 

do 

do 

d<«.  

do 

do 

Susipifhanna,     .  .   .  . 
<lo.  .  .  .   . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .... 

<lo.  .  .  .  . 

Vr)rk 

Biair 

do 

do 

Huntingdon 

Chester 

do 

Lancaster, 

do.  

do 

do. 

do.  

do.         

da         

do.         

do.  

do.  .      ... 

do.  

Elk 

do 

Juniata,     ....... 

do.         

do 

d...  


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


!,iiOO 
1,S00 
1,508 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
1.600 
1.500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,600 
i,riOi) 

1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 

1,500 
1,50U 
1,500 
1,500 
l,50(r 
l/iOO 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,50U 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,300 
1.500 
1.500 

l,riO(i 

1,501 . 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


89 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1890. 


Namk  «>k  Appmcant. 


Mar.  18, 

18, 

18, 

18. 

18, 

18, 

18, 

21. 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21, 

a, 
ti. 
tn, 

81. 
21, 
81, 
22. 
22, 
22 


George  Hower, 
J.  Lyons,  .  . 
E.  H.  Isett,      .  . 
S.  F.  Cooper, 
H.  Woo«lward, . 
E.  Green,  .... 
J.  C.  Crownover, 
L.  Daugherty,  . 
L.  Bailey,    .  .  . 
M.  B.  Fuhrman, 
T.  C.  Thornton. 
N.  P.  Sober,    .  . 
Seth  Wilson,  .  . 
I  J.  Qulggle,  .  .  . 
M.  P.  Hyner,  .  . 


POSTOKFICK. 


Mifflintowii,     .  .  . 

do. 
Spruce  f  reek,     .  . 
do.         do.       .  . 

Reed  Gap 

Mill  Creek 

Cornpropst's  Mills, 
Buckwalter,  ... 
Sinneiuahoning,    .  , 

Nisbet, 

Lewisburg, 

do.  

Pine  Station 

Hyner 


County. 


Juniata,     .   . 
do.         .  . 
Huntingdon, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Cameron,  .  . 
do.        .  . 
Lycoming.    . 
Union,    .  .  . 
do.        ... 
Clinton, .      . 
do.        ... 


No.  OK  Fish 
Shipped. 


•     •     •     • 


Chatham's  Run, 
Rosecrans,    .  .  . 
Glen  Union,    .  . 
do. 


J.  0.  Dice ;  McElhattan. 

F.  A.  Lauks,  . 
Nathan  Geiger, 

C.  K.  Tober,  . 
John  Weaver, 

H.  Reynolds I  Dewart,  .  .  . 

J.  8.  Gates,  .  .   .....  j  Cooiicrscown, 

B.  8.  Sliafer, ;  Fee, 

i 

G.  R.  Bugl>ee !  Pleasautville 

<>.  8.  Benedict. 
M.  M.  Davis,     . 
•T.  M.  Woodcock, 
G.  W.  Dickey,  . 

D.  M.  Laughlin, 
G.  W.  Dickey,  . 
R.  R.  Flinnig,  . 
J.  B.  McGrath,  . 
J.  W.  Geailiart, 
H.  Albert,  .  .  . 


do 

do.         ...       .  , 

do , 

do 

do 

do.        .   .  .      .  . 

Northuml»er]and, 

Venango, 

do.        .  .  .  .  . 


22. 
22, 
28. 

22, 


do. 
do. 
Hout/dale,   .  . 
do. 

do.  .  , 

do.  .  , 

do.  . 

West  Decatur, 
do.       do. 

W.  A.  Crist ■  Osceola  Mills, . 

J.  A.  Folmar, Peale 

S.  W.  Caldwell.     .  .      .     Lock  Haven,  , 

O.  F.  Felmlee '  do. 

E.  A.  Faucher do. 

R.  F.  Sloau ,1  (Jo, 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Clearfltid, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 

Clinton. 

<lo. 

do. 

do. 


i.rioo 

l.-'JOO 
1,.500 
1,500 

i,r.oo 

1.500 
1.500 
1.300 
1,300 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
I.-tOO 
1.3C«J 

1,5a) 

1,500 

L.'iOO 

1,300 

1,300 

1..300 

1,500 

1,300 

1.500 

1,500 

1.3CI0 

1,500 

1.300 

1.5CI0 

1,.VIU 

1.500 

1.500 

1,300 

1.500 

1.100 

1,500 

l.'AXI 

1.300 

1.3(10 

1.500 

1,500 


40 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  'Fwy— Continued. 


\m). 

Mar.  S-.', 

32 
•w 


Name  OF  Appmcant. 


POSTOFKICE. 


County. 


S.  D.  Funst I  Lock  Haven,  .  .  . 

I 
.l.SchuyJer, ,  do.  .  .  . 


tmm^ 


Honeyville, .  . 

do. 
Cedar  Spnngrs, 


•     •     •      t 


H.Campbell,     .... 
H.Campbell,     .... 

L.  C.  Furet, 

J.  W.  DeHaas lieech  Creek, 

a2,  ;  Frank  Guyer,   .  .      .  .  j  Tyrone,  .  .  . 

j 

22,  j  Frank  Guyer, |       do 

22,     Frank  Guyer,   ....  do 

22,  ,  Frank  Guj-er do 

22,     J.C.  MezKcll, j  SnowSh<K'. 

22,  I  K.  .1.  Haynes, do 

22,     J.  A.  (lark, do 

-'2.      K. .).  Haynes :  do 

•-»•.'.     .1.  W.  Bfjtirert do 

•,•2,     S.  Hazzai-d, I  Moshannon 

22,     .l.r.  Holt I  do 

22,     I^'vi  Heese ;  Port  Matilda 

•-'•-•.     W.  V.  Beckwith '  do 

i 
22.     .1.  I.  Woodring \  do 

2--'.     F.  W.  Crider !  Bellefonte 

j 

J.  D.  Shugert do 

I 

F.  Waring,  ....   .  .  .,  Phillipsburg,  .  .  .  . 

22,     G.  \V.  .Musser ;  Fillmore 

22.     John  Dilirer, Pleasant  Gap,    .  .  . 

24,     H.  H.  Whitmer Northumberland,    . 

24,     <•.<■.  Jones, j  do. 

24,     M.  F.  Harrison Huntingdon  Mills,  . 


24.  M.  F.  Harrison,  .  . 
24,  I  W.  T.  n<jgwt,  .  .  . 
24,  J.  H.  Harvey,  .  .  . 
24,  John  Hagenbauch, 
24,     Charles  Wilson.  .  . 


do. 
.lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


24,     S.  M.  Henry !  Cambria,  . 

24,  I  S.  L.  Halley .  ,  Nanticoke, 


24,  :  A.  Lape, 


24,  !  C.  S.  Fargo, 


24,  W.  H.  Wf>odin, .  . 
24,  :  C.  W.  Fruntz  .  .  . 
24,  '  \Vi I liHm  Taylor    . 


do.  .  .  . 

<1o,  ... 

Rerwifk 

do 

Bloomsburg,   .  . 


Clinton, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Blair, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Centre 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

d... 

do. 

d.). 

do. 

.lo, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Xorthumb 

do. 

I.nzerne, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
I.yooming, 

do. 
Columbia, 


rlan< 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
l,.'i00 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 

i,r.oo 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,-500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,5(« 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


41 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1890.        Name  OK  Applicant. 


POSTOKFICE. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Mar.  24,  J.  M.  Araerman,  . 
84,  Daniel  Fritz,  .  .  . 
<4,  C.  L.  Sands.  .  .  . 
24,  C  E.  Randall,  .  . 
-4,  C.  Hastings.  .  .  . 
84,  J.  W.  Furry,  .  .  . 
34,  8.  J.  Pealer,  .  .  . 
24,     O.  A.  Megargell,  . 

84,     H.  Fester 

84,      E.  S.  Fritz 

34,  I  W.  n.  McClinton, 
34.  j  E.  P.  Dunkle,    .  . 

24,  ;  E.  D.  Blint 

34,  j  Albert  Deutz,  .  . 
34,  I  W.  J.  Comly,  .  .  . 
34,  :  J.  A.  Brune.  .  .  . 
84,  !  H.  P.Smith,  .  .  . 
84,  I  C.  Wagner 


34,  I  B.  R.  (Jearhart.    .  . 

24,     D.  M.  Boyd 

84    I  H.M.  Grouse,    .  .  . 

2-*.     L.  K.  Hyde 

8»^  I  C.  F.  Emerson, .  .  . 
88.  I  W.  S.  Benson,    .  .  . 

38,  W.  O.  Kernochan,  . 

39,  Mrs.  E.  Kemington, 
39.     F.  H.  Taylor,     .  ,  . 

29,     J.  V.Miller 

29,      F.  A.  Donehower,  . 

39.      I».  Baker 

39,     J.  H.  McCall 

39,  F.  H,  Donehower,  . 
29,  William  Gundy.  .  . 
20,  C.A.Go«lchalby,  .  . 
SW,  C.  H.  Dougal,  .  .  . 
29,  W.  B.  Chamberlin, 
29,     Thomas  .Swenk,    .  . 

29,      W.  G.  Case 

39,      W.Hull 

2".      fJ.  H.  A<!ken»)erg, 


Forks 

Benton 

Mordansville 

Catawissa, 

Elk  Grove 

do.  

Asbury, 

Orange vi He,    .... 
do.  .... 

Cole's  Creek 

Lock  Haveu 

do 

do.  .... 

do.  .  .  .  .  . 

Montgomery  Station. 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 

'  do.  do. 

I  Danville 

!        do 

'lo 

Titusville 

do 

do.  

d«).  

Wiliiamsport,    .  .  .  . 

Reedsville 

Lewisbury,  ...... 

do 


•lo. 

do. 

.lo. 

d.). 
Milton, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
<!•>. 
.lo. 

do. 


Columbia, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do 
do 
do. 
Clinton,  .  . 
do. 

do.       .  . 
do. 
Ls'coming, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Montour,  . 
do. 
do. 
<'rawford, . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
F..ycomlng, 
.Mimin,    .  . 
Union,    .  . 
do.       .  . 


do , 

do , 

do. 

do 

Northunil>erland, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


1.500 

I  "500 

1,500 

1,500 

.,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

2.000 

1,500 

1,.'SOO 

1,500 

1,500 

l,flOO 

l,fiOO 

l.iSOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

UWO 

1,500 

1,50» 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

IJOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,5011 

l.ftUO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

i.500 


42 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


43 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


im).  NAMEOF  API'LICANT. 


I'oSTOFriCE. 


Mar.  29,  | 
29,  j 
29. 
29,  I 
», 
39, 
29, 
29, 
29, 
29, 
29, 
29, 
29. 
2«, 
29, 
29, 
29, 
29. 
29, 
2P. 
29. 
29, 
S9. 
29, 
29. 
29, 
Apr.     1, 
I. 
1. 
1. 
I, 
1, 
1, 
I. 
I. 
1, 
1. 
I. 
1, 
2. 


William  H.  McHinch 
J.  C.  Seydell, .  . 
U.  F  Wilson, .  . 
H.  It.  Karchner, 
H.C.  Tussey,    . 
L.  M.  Si>eer,   .  . 
M.  L.  Rex,  .  .  . 
K.  M.  Green,  .  . 
J.  L.  Armstrongr, 
Thomas  Boyd,  . 
F.  Weaver,  .  .  . 
O.  McCuKoch,  . 
J.  H.  Landis,  .  . 
A.  A.  Neffenderfer, 
A.  S.  Devout,     . 
('al.  Taylor.    . 
H.  E.  Horslay,  . 
Nelson  Nace,     .  . 

Sidel  Itros. 

S.  O.  Ueib, 

S.  8.  Lciby,  .... 

Enos  Moyer,  .  .  . 

J.  Neff 

A.  O.  Harvey,  .  . 
H.  D.  Cleckner,  . 
8.  S.  flacket, .  .  . 
Partrom  Rros.,  . 
Walter  Carr.  .  .  . 
Perry  Saunders,  . 
John  Flee,  .... 
E.  K.  Norton,  .  . 
Dr.  J.  W.  HouHer. 
John  W.  At  kin,  . 
S.  J.  Smith.  .  .  . 
Philip  Clonnelly.  • 
rhas.  r..  Hutchins. 
Ira  J.  Ilutehins,  . 
O,  S.  Davenport,  . 
Frank  Ueneuveter 
W.  F.  CJ«KMRell«)w. 


Milton, 
do. 
do. 


dc.        ... 

Spruce  Creek 
Mapieton  Depot 
do.  do, 

ParnesburK 

do. 

do. 

do. 
McCulloch  Mi 
do.  d< 

Kellv  X  Road 
Harrisburg, 

do. 

do. 
<  I  Tier's  Point, 
Marysville,  • 

do. 
Keystone,  . 
Renovo.  .  . 
Rote.  .... 
Fleminirton, 
l/ock  Haven. 
Emporium,  • 
Waymart.     . 

do. 
Fa  mo,  .  . 
Waymart.  . 
Aldenville,  . 
Min«ioka,  .  . 
Carljondale. 

do. 
CaiMtus*'.    .  .  . 
Hemlock  Treek 

do.  do. 

Fade  <  'rvok.     . 
Sweet  Valley, 
Holliday.Htiurv. 


County. 

Northumberland 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Huntinirdon, 
do. 
do. 
Chester.  . 
do.       . 
do. 

do.        . 
.funiata, 

do. 
I'nioii.    . 
Dauphin, 
do. 
do. 
Perry, . 
<lo. 
do. 
do. 
Clinton, 
do. 
1o. 
do. 
Cameron 
Wayne, 
do. 
do. 
d<t. 
d(j.   . 
Lackawanna 
do. 
<h.. 
d... 
Luzerne, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Rlair.  .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


1,500 
1,500 
1.1)00 
1,300 
l.iiOO 
1,500 
1,.W0 

^.vw 

1,500 
l.-'iOO 
1,500 
1.501) 

1..TU0 

1,.VI0 
2.000 
1,500 
l,.WIli 

\,!m 

l.,S0O 
1,500 

1..-IOO 

1,.500 
1,500 
1.300 
1,300 
1.500 
l,.'i00 
1,.V)0 
I.-IOO 
l,.'iOO 
1,.500 
1,.tOO 
1,.'V00 
1,500 
1,.')00 
U.VK) 
'.8l« 
1,500 
l..'iOO 
L.-iOO 


Brook  Trout  Fry-  Continued. 


1890. 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


I'«>stokfi<;e. 


2, 


2, 
o 

2, 
o 

2, 


2, 


Apr.  3,  FredrieJaekel,  .  .  . 
2,  I  W.  J.  Woodcock,  .  . 
2.  Wm.  H,  Wcslover,  . 
2,  I  Ron.  L,  Hewitt,  .  .  . 
2.  '  A.  P.  MacDonald,    .  . 

2,  I  Cieo.  P.  Ross, 

2,     James  Condron,  .  .  . 

J.  W.  Weyandt,  .  .  . 

H.  C.  Dern 

H.  C.  Dern 

Geo.  Eichcnsehr,     .  . 

H.  C.  U I  lory 

J.  J.  Rurk 

W.  A.  Crouse 

D.  G.  Ayers, 

J.  R.  McMullen.   .  .  . 

Wildcat  Fishing'  Club, 
2,  i  Wildcat  Fishing  Club, 

Wildcat  Fishing  Club, 

Wildcat  FishioK  Club, 
I  Barnhurt  Hros.,       .  . 

J.  F.  Lautz 

H.  W.  Oellig , 

James  Curry 

D.  N.  Fury 

J.  W.  Woodcock  ,   •   .  . 

S.Smith 

T.  E.  Hildebrand,    .  .  . 

C.  U.  GcBsler 

J.  M.  Watt 

F.  Sansone 

N.  Seanor, 

N.  .<!eanor 

E.  W.  Echols, 

L.  T.  Wilt 

I,     Hon.  H.  F.  James,     .  . 

Hon.  J.  C.  Sibley,    .   .   . 

7,      Frank  J.  Hendersion.    . 

"»  I  J.  C.  Perry 

*,  i  W.  J.  Foriuan 


•     •     • 


COCNTV. 


2. 


2. 

o 

o 

"» 

n 

••. 

o 


Hollidaysburg, 

do. 

do, 

do. 

Alt(K)na,    .  .  . 

Williamsburg, 

Hollidaysburg, 

do. 
Altoona,    .  .  . 
do.         ... 

Elton 

Johnstown,  .  . 
Chest  Springs, 

do.         do. 
Ashville,    .   .   . 
Chest  Springs. 
Ebensburg,  .   . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Jfihnstown.  .  . 
New  Enterprise,    .  .  .     Bedford 

W(M>di)urg, lio. 

Waterside '       do. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 

Indiana '  Indiana, 


Blair,  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  , 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
<lo.  .  . 
do.  .  , 
do.  ■  . 
do.  .  . 
Cambria. 

<lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do.  .  .  . 

•lo.  .    .    . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .   .   . 

Plumville,  .   . 

do.  .  . 

Franklin,  .   .   . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .   .   . 


do.  .   .   . 

East  Hickory, 
do.         do. 
do.         do. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 

do. 

Vviiango, 
do. 
<h: 
do. 
Forest, 
do. 
d<.. 


No.  OF  Fisn 
SnipPED 


.  •  •  • 


*■•••• 


1,500 
1.500 
1.50^ 
l,.')0(t 

i,.ypo 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,.300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

I.-tOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

l.-'iOO 

1,50) 

1,500 

1,300 

l..''i00 

1,300 

1,300 

1.500 

1..'jOO 

1..J0O 


44 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


45 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Name  ok  Appi.h-ant. 


roSTOFFICK. 


County. 


Apr.    T,  I  .lames  D.  Davis, 


_     ! 


'1 


<• 

f, 

>*, 
<», 

8, 
««, 
8, 

8. 
8, 


Sam  Q.  Clark 

Cbas.  Uussell, 

W.  J.  Emerj-, 

Barciaj"  Bros., 

Port    Allegany    ."Sport- 
ing Club 

Port    Allegany    Sport- 
ing Club. 

Port   Allegany   Sport- 
ing Club. 

R.  H.  Reedy 

John  Oriney 

John  A.  Boj'er.     .  .  .  . 

G.  W.  H.  Head 

H.  S.  Church 

Edward  Z.  Gross,    .  . 

Joseph  Berrier 

George  A.  Gross,    .  .  . 

Mr.  Marsteller,     .... 

James  A.  Fry, 

Ellis  Aters 

H.  Rawle 

O.  B.  Grant, 

O.  B.  (irant 

O.  B.  Grant,       .... 

0.  B.  Grant 

C.  X.  S|)ettigue 

C.  \.  Spettigue 

Chas.  B.  Miller 

Lloyd  P.  Kreigh,     .  .  . 
A.  H.  Sharpiess,   .  . 

n.  S,  Spccht 

A.  H.  .Swartz, 

1.  M.  Wentzal, 

F.  E.  Speiht 

N.  .M.  Middlesworth, .   . 
H.  D.  Schnure,         ... 

8.  J.  Gundrum 

F.  H.  Harter 

T.  M.  Kessler 

Jf>hn  Kinsay 


Tionesta 

do 

•  lo 

Sinnemahoning, 

do. 
Port  Allegany,  . 


do. 


.lo. 


do. 


•  In. 


Forest,    . 

do. 

do. 
Cameron, 

do. 
Mc'Keaii, 

do. 


•     •      •     • 


Oeanville 

West  Valley,  .  .  . 

Blanco 

Union  Citj- 

do.      do.    .  .  .  . 

Harrisburg,     .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  ... 

Snow  Shoe  City,    . 

Pine  Glen,       .  .  . 

do      do 

Williamsport,     .  . 

Ridgway 

do 

do 

do 

Wilcox 

do 

Numidia 

Catawissa 

do 

I  Beavertown,   .  .  . 
'  Troxelville, .... 

I 

Beavertown,  .  .  . 

I 

do.  .   .  . 

rroxeiville,     .   . 
I  Sellnsgrove,     .  .  . 
.  Beaver  Springs,     . 

Mhldleburg,    .   .   . 

Hummel's  Wharf, 

Harrisburg. 


.  .  I  Armstrong, 
.  .  I  do. 

do. 
Erie,     .  .  . 
do.      .  .  . 
Dauphin.   . 
do. 
do. 
Cer.tre.    .  . 
do.       .  . 
do.       .  . 
Lycoming, 

Elk 

do 

do 

do 


I 


do. 

.lo. 


Columbia, 

I 

do. 

do. 

I  Snyder,  .  . 

j       do.  .  . 

I       do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.       .  . 

i        , 

I       <lo.       .  . 

Datiphui,  . 


No.  OF  Ftsn 
Shipped. 


1.500 
).300 
1,800 
1.500 
1,500 
1.500 

1.500 

1.50U 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

!,.'00 

1.500 

1.508 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,'jOO 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

:.500 

1.500 
1.500 
1.500 
1,500 
1.500 


\ 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Confimied. 


1890. 


Name  or  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Apr.    8, 

f*. 
f. 
X, 

«^, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8. 
8. 
8, 
«. 
8, 
8, 
8. 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
13, 
12, 

13, 

i<» 
»-, 

13, 

12. 

12. 

12, 

12. 

12, 

12, 

13, 

13. 

13. 

13, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Harrisburg, j  Dauphin, 

do.  I       do. 

_,  i 

do.  •        do. 

do.  do. 


Christ.  Hanleu,  .  .  . 
S.  Browuwell,  .... 
P.  C.  Swab,  .      . 

A.  A.  Pancake,        .  . 
H.  W.  Whitehead, 
Mrs.  Hose  Wilson, 

P.J.Crist,       Milton 

John  N,  Miller,        .  .        Stonington,  ... 
A.  Huhl,       Buffalo  Cross  Roads, 


W|lliams|x)rt, 
do. 


Lycoming,    .  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  .  . 

Northumberland, 

do. 
Union 


Morgan  Knaw,  .  . 
H.  M.  Griffey,    .  . 
R.  M.  Griffey,    .   . 
C.S.Davis,     .   .  . 
W.  H   Wingardey, 
R.  T.  >rorrow, 
A.  B.  Dieffenbach, 
John  A.  Hupp,  .   . 
Peter  S.  Confer, 
C.  E.  Finklc.      .  .  . 


<lo.       do.      do. 

White  Deer  Mills,  . 

do.      do.     do.     . 

Lewisburg,  .  .  .   . 

do.  ... 

d.i 

Dormantown,     .  . 
Bellefonte,   .... 

Sober, 

do 


A.J.Campbell I  Cobu 


rn. 


do 

Fiddler  Centre,  . 
Tusseyville,     .  . 

Lemont 

Linden  Hall,    .  . 
Blooming  (.rove, 


Jacob  Slanders,     .  .  . 
George  W.  Wolf,     .   . 
J.  M.  Moyer,  .... 
Dr.  Theo.  S.  Christ.    . 

D.  Hess 

Wm  Jones, 

George  Decker,  .  .  . 
William  Westbrook,  . 
John  C.  Westbrook.  . 

Wm.  Mellar. 

C.  L.  Frank 

Nicholas  Hep Shohola,     .   . 

John  Hep,  i,,.  .  , 

James  McCoiuiell,  .  .  .     lord's  Valley, 
Thomas  George,  ...  do.       do. 

George  Pierson do.       do. 

Ge.irge  '{us-sell du.        do. 

F.  J.  HoU^rt.         ...        Lackawaxen.  . 

AII)crtCrow,     do. 

HoV»ert  Linderman,    .  .  do. 


do. 

d.l. 

.lo. 
tlo. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 

i 

do. 

j 

do. 

I 

do. 

I 

I 

do. 
.lo. 
Mifflin. 
Centre, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Pike,    . 
•lo.      . 
do. 

do.  . 
do.  . 
do.     . 


do. 
d.>. 
<1.>. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1.500 

L500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,.%0 

1.500 

1.500 

1.300 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

IJSOO 

1,500 


I"  I 


46 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Dog. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


47 


1890. 


Apr  12, 
12, 
12. 
12, 
12, 
13. 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
13, 
12, 
13. 
12, 

J", 

12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
30, 
30, 
30, 
80, 

:»o. 

30. 
30, 
30, 

sa 

30, 
30, 
30, 
30, 

30. 


Brook  Trout  I'ry — Continued. 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


PosTorncE. 


Chas.  Smith, 
A.  W,  Henshaw, 
H.J.  Conger, 
\V.  J.  Ward.    .  . 
P.  E.  Genu  Id,    . 

F.  M  Bunnell,  . 
John  Miller,  .  . 
T.  J.  Ham,  .  .  . 
J.  O.  Ferrel,  .  . 
J.  S.  Curtis, 

W.  F.  Suydam, . 
C.  H.  Schardt,    . 
William  Paynter, 
Daniel  Hafey, 
J.  D.  Irwin,    .  . 
Frank  Snyder, 

G.  J.  Knore,  . 
V.  H.  Smith,  .  . 

C.  E.  Rolkcom,.. 

D.  W.  Dolkcom, 

F.  W.  .mephcns, 
Frank  Mauir, 
W.  G.  r'ndcTWocM 
John  Terwilajrar 
J.  M.  Miller.  .  . 
J.  H.  McCarthy, 
O.  W  Ccnm, 

L.  L.  Cuningham 
L.  n  Doty,  .  .  . 
A.  King,  .... 
A.  King,  .... 
I^ouis  Saupp,  . 
U.  S.  Wright.  .  . 
J.  F.  Megill,   .  . 

G.  S.  Mullin,  .  . 

J.  K.  White,  .  . 

J.  W.  Madore,  . 

Hyndman  Uodand 
riuh. 

W.  8.  Mullin. 


Lackawaxen, 
Indian  Orchard, 
Honesdale,      .  . 
do.  .  .  . 


County. 


do.         

do.         

do.         

do.         

do.         

do 

Hawley.     ...... 

do 

Ilethany, 

do.  

Girdland 

do 

do.         ....... 

Kileyville 

do.  

do.  

Seelyville 

Honesdale,  .  .      •  . 

Hancock 

do 

Callicon  l>epot,  N.  Y., 
Hf)ckhill  Furnace,   .  . 

Salter,     .      

New  Grenada,    .  .  .  . 

Bedford 

do.         


do 

do.  

do 

do.  

Whitp's  Tannery.  . 

do.          do. 
Hyndman 


Gun 


<lo. 
do. 


Pike,    . 
Wayne, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

•lo. 

do. 

<lo. 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Delaware, 
d.). 
do. 
Huntiiig'don, 

do, 

Fulton. 
Bedford 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 


do, 
do 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 
1,.W0 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.500 
1.500 
1,500 
L.IOO 
i.rXM) 
1.500 
1,.-|00 
1,500 
1,.jOO 
1,500 
1,500 
1..500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 

\jm 

1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
i,500 
i.500 

i.rioo 
i,r.oo 

1,500 
1,.100 
1,500 
1.500 
1..J00 
L.iOO 

:,:*.*} 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890.     !   Name  OF  Applicant. 


Apr.  30,     W.  Clapper,    . 
30,     A.Steele,     .  . 
JO,     G.  S.  Gorauch, 
30,     H.  C.  Hall,  .  . 
30.     W.  B.  Pearson, 
30,     I.  Clark,       .  . 
30,  :  J.  F.  Snyder, 
May  13,     J.  H.  Rochester, 
13.     S.  C.  Bitner, 
17,     H.  P.  Robinson, 
IT,     S.  O.  Pettit, 
17,     B.  F.  Killam, 
17,     J.  J.  Jermyn, 

J.  S.  Chi  Ids.    .  . 

W.  W.  Leaman, 

W.  W.  Leaman, 

W.  W.  Leaman. 

W.  W.  Leaman,  . 

George  Snuires,   . 

Porter  S<|u  ires,     . 

Elson  Gray.    .  .  . 

P.  WilliaraH,  .  .  . 

C.  S.  Ro»w 

John  Rig8liy,  .  . 
;»,  Fred  D.  Heynolds, 
;<,  C.  S.  Smith,  .  .  . 
;«,  L.  Nearing,  .  .  . 
37,     J.  S.  Fruit,  .... 


POSTOFFICB. 


27. 
27, 


fT 


Yellow  Creek, 
do.       do. 
do.       do. 
Spring  Hope, 
Wolf  burg, 
Pavia,     .  . 
Croyle,    .  . 
Marion  Centre. 
Rote,       . 
Wjlkesbarre, 
Scranton. 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
Nauvoo,    .  . 
do.         .  . 
do.         .  . 
do.         .  . 
do.         .  . 
MainsburK.  • 
do. 
do. 
Mansflild,     . 
do. 
do. 
Tioga,  .  .  •  • 
Lawreni-eville, 
Morris'  Run, 
Sharon.      .  . 


COUNTY. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Bedford, . 

do 

do 

do. 

do 

do 

do.         

Indiana, 

Clinton 

Luzerne, 

Lackawanna, 

do.  .  .  .  .  . 

do 

Tioga 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Mercer 


Brook  Trout  One  Year  Old 


Auk.  \\  Win.  P.  Hally, . 
1".,  A.  J.  (iilchrist, . 
15,  M.  I).  Mott,  .  . 
15,  W.  Van  Ginlon, 
15,  W.  Van  Girdon, 
19,     L.  Streuber,   .   . 

Se|.f.    4.  I  J.  M.  Wimams, 
4,  '  Harry  Reynolds. 


Moscoiang  Park,    . 
Milford, 

do 

Itingramr.'4  Ferry. 

do.  .lo. 

Erie 

Worthington.  .  .  . 
Kittanning,     .   .  . 


Pike, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Erie, 
.Xrmstrong, 
do. 


1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,.500 
1,500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
1,-500 
1,500 
1.500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
1,500 
2,000 


l.hKi.m.iO 


»400 
tiOO 
(MX) 
600 
600 
1.000 

aoo 

400 


48 


Keport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Bi{0(m  Tkout  One  Year  0},T)— Continued. 

1890. 

Name  of  Applicant. 

POSTOFFICE. 

County. 

No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 

Sept.  27, 

1 
W.  L,  Powell, 

Harrisburg,     . 

Dauphin, 

KW 

27. 

M.  UU88,    ....... 

do. 

do 

100 

27, 

Thomas, 

Npwvllle.  ... 

Cumberland, 

Dauphin 

100 

27, 

Albert  J.  Fager,  .... 

Harrisburg,     . 

100 

27, 

Jacob  Smith, 

do. 

do 

100 

27. 

Jacob  Hess,   ...... 

do. 

do 

100 

27, 

N.  Johnson, 

do. 

do 

100 

27, 

Albert  J.  Fager,  .... 

do. 

do 

100 

27, 

Horace  Lutz, 

do. 

do 

109 

27. 

John  L.  Lutz, 

do. 

do 

100 

88, 

Frank  H,  Jermyn,  .  .  . 

Scranton,  .  .  . 

Lackawanna 

75 

28, 

J.  F.  Everhart, 

do. 

do.            

75 

28, 

S.  n.  Stilwell,    .  .  . 

Wilkesbarre,  . 

Luzerne 

475 

fi  ^-^> 

DiSTRIUUTION    OF    JjAKE    TrOUT    FrY. 


1888. 

June  18, 
20, 
30, 
27, 
28, 

July    ft, 

U, 
26, 

Sept.  12, 
18«). 

Feb.  21, 

.Mar.  10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
U, 
15, 
15, 
15. 

May    2, 


Louis  Streuber, 
J.  S.  Case,  .  .  . 
John  S.  Harding, 
T.  A.  Delamater, 
T.  O.  Litz,  .  .  . 
Chas.  Porter.  .  . 
H.  L.  Moneor,  . 
B.  E.  Rush,  .  .  . 
J.  J.  Youngston, 


L.  Streuber, 
W.  J.  Sliaw.    .  . 
GlUKJrt  >Vhltc,  . 
James  U.  Taylor, 
H.  O.Silkman,  . 
John  Dash,    .  . 
B.  F.  Meyers,    . 
Chas.  Lusc,  Jr.. 
S.  n.  Kallmin.    . 
Boies  Penrose,  . 


Erie.  .  . 
Monroe,  . 
Luzerne. 


Erie 

Tobyhanna 

Wilkesbarrc 

Meudville, i  Crawford, 

Bushkiil I  Pike,    .  . 

Corry I  Erie,     .  . 

Columbus I  Warren, 

Damascus, j  Wayne,  . 

Meadvllle Crawford, 


Erie.     .  .  . 
Honesdale, 
do. 


Erie,     . 
Wayne, 

do.  .  . 


•      •      •      • 


Montrose ,  Su8<iuehanna, 


MaplewfKxl, 

Erie 

Wilkes- Rarro, 
do.       du. 

Scranton 

Dingman's  Ferry, 


•      •      • 


•      •      • 


Wayne,  .  . 
Erie,  .... 
Luz«'rne,    . 

do.  .  . 
Lnckawanna, 
Pike 


3o.0(O 

24.U0O 

4.000 

ao.oue 

2,U0O 

icaxj 

ft.000 
8,000 
4,000 

75,U10 
lO.tWO 
lO.OOO 
13.000 
.30,000 
.'iO.OOO 
10.000 
10,000 
10.000 
5,000 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


49 


DisTRiBLTiON  OF  Lake  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1889. 


May    2, 

16, 
16, 

1890. 

Feb.  14, 
14. 
14, 
21, 
21, 
27, 
27. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


Edward  Hoffman, 
J.  J.  Youngston,  . 
J.  J.  Youngstou, . 


PoSTOFFlCE. 


Dingman's  Ferry, 
Meadvllle,     .  .  .  . 
do 


Mar.  13, 
21, 

21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
27, 
Apr.    9, 

June  20, 
July    7. 

17, 
22, 
1891. 
Feb.  12,  ' 
l'> 
12, 
12, 
12. 
15. 
15, 
15. 


Frank  Brink 

James  Rosencrance,  . 
L.  R.  Griswold,    .  .  . 

Geo.  Depuy, 

W.  R.  Smith,  .  .  . 
Silas  Ruckland,    .  .  ■ 
Gilbert  White,     .  .   . 
G.  W.  Davison,     .  .  . 
A.  J.  Ackerly,  .... 

W.  Boyer, 

W.  V.  Backwith,     .  . 
O.  L.  Rowland,     .  .  . 

J.  A.  Craft 

W.M.Gardner,    .  .  . 

L.  O.  Rose 

Chess  F.  Spencer,    .  . 

A.  Ely  &  Son 

W,  R.  Kimball.     .  .  . 


Rowland , .  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Waymart.  . 
Honesdale,  . 
Wallsvjlle,  . 
Chinchilla,  . 
Fleet  vi  lie,  . 
Port  Matilda, 
Honesdale,    . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  ,  . 
Brooklyn,  . 
Honesdale,  . 


Jackson  Koehler, 
Thos.  H.  Bullock, 
W.  H.  Hines.  .  .  . 
C.  Rust 


Erie 

Stockport, 

W'tlkesbarre,  .  .  .  . 
Woodcock  borough. 


Paul  W.  Gardner,  . 
L.  C.  Gardner,  .  .  . 
Ben  C.Gardner,  .  . 
W.  M.  Gardner,       . 

G.  W.  Lane , 

J.  T.  Porter , 

Ollliert  White 

8.  B.  Stilwell 

15,     B.  F.  Myers 

15,  I  James  P.  Taylor.     .  . 
Mar.  16,  }  H.D.Gore [  Dingman's  Ferry. 

16,  1  Seidcl  Brothers.  Mar\9vllle 

4-19-91. 


Honesdale,   . 

do. 

lo. 

do. 

do. 
Scranton,  .  . 
Honesdale,  . 
Scranton.  .  . 
Wiikesbarre, 
Montrose,  .  . 


COUNTV. 


Pike,    .  . 
Crawford, 
du. 


Pike,    .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Wayne.      .  . 
do.       .  .  . 
Lackawanna, 
do. 
do. 
Centre,    .  .  . 
Wayne,  .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.      ... 
do.      .  .  . 
do.      ... 
Susquehanna, 
Wayne. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


•     •     •     • 


Erie 

Delaware,  N.  \*., 

Luzerne 

Crawford, .... 


Wayne,  .  .  . 

do.      .  .  . 

do.       ... 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .   .  , 

do.      .  .  .  . 

do 

Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,    .  .  . 
Sus<iuuhanna. 

Pike 

P«'rry 


.5,000 

7,000 

7,000 

852,000 


12,000 

12,000 

12,000 

12,000 

12,000 

12,000 

12.<J0O 

12,00U 

12.000 

12.000 

8.000 

6,000 

«.000 

e.000 
e.000 
a,ooo 

12,000 

6,000 

168,000 


6,000 
6,000 
6.000 
6,000 

13.000 
13,000 
13,000 
13.000 
l:j,fl00 
lO.-'KlO 
14,0(10 
7,00i) 
lO.VX) 
7.001) 
3.000 
5,000 


50 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Distribution  of  Lake  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1891. 

Name  of  Applicant. 

POSTOFFICE. 

County. 

Mar.  16, 

J.  W.  A.  Miller 

De  Witt  Bodius,   .... 

W.  D.  Meyer 

J.  J.  Woodrinsr,    .... 
Dr.  R.  W.  Brwdy,    .  .  . 
William  Robinson,     .  . 

W.  C.  Floyd 

John  Lynch, 

Eagle's  Mere 

Hugbesville, 

Northeast. 

Port  Matilda 

Honesdaie, 

Scranton 

Starrucca, 

Wllkesbarre, 

Sullivan, 

16, 

Lycoming', 

16, 

Erie 

16. 

Centre, 

Apr.  12, 
May  17, 

Wayne, 

Lackawanna,  .  .  . 

•     • 

17. 

Wayne, 

17, 

Luzerne,    ....... 

No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


2.000 
2,000 
5,000 
3,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
6,000 
170,000 


Lake  Trout  One  Year  Old. 


Feb.  15,      B.  F.  Myt-rs, 

15,  J.  T.  Porter, 

16,  ,  S.  B.  Stilwcll, 


Wllkesbarre, 
Scranton,  . 
do. 


I 


15,  I  James  T.  Taylor,     •  •  •  >  Montrose, . 
May  29,  ,  James  S.  Frick ,  Sharon,  .  . 


i 

Luzerne 

250 

Lackawanna, 

250 

do 

1 

250 

Sus<iuehanna,     .... 

123 

MiTcer, 

125 

1,000 

Lake  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 


1888. 
June  U, 
28, 
July    2, 

4 
"» 

O 

26, 

26, 

26, 

Aug.  27, 

Oct.   29, 

1889. 
Aug.  11, 
i^ept.  28, 

28, 
Oct.   10, 

10, 
Den.  17, 


Frank  Leib,  .  . 
T.  G.  Litz,  .  .  . 
B.  F.  Myers,  .  . 
S.  B.  Stilwell  .  . 
Charles  Matmcr, 
G.S.  Bush,  .  .  . 
A  Ackerly,  .  . 
W.  Kesslcr,  .  . 
T.  A.  Delamatcr, 
J.  U.  T.  Ryan,    .  . 


W,  D.  Kimear, .  . 

E.  H.  Reed 

O.  Senger,  .... 
J.  P.  Pierce,  .  .  . 
O.  Seagcr,  .... 
J.  V.  Long,     .  .  . 


Ilarrishurg, 
Bushkill.   .  . 
W'ilkesbarre, 
Scranton,  .  . 
Carbondale. 
Damascus,    . 

do. 

do. 
Mead  vi  lie,    . 
Eagle's  Mere, 


TotmprwTHle, 
Ursina,  .  .  . 
Seagertown, 
Sharpsvillc, . 
Seagertown, 
Pittsburg,     . 


Dauphin,  .  . 
Pike,  .  .  . 
Luzerne,  -  . 
I^tckawanna, 

do. 
Wayne,  .  .  . 

do,       .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
rrawford,  . 
Sullivan,  .  . 


Warren,     , 
Somerset, 
Crawford, 
Mercer.  . 


Crawford, . 
Allegheny, 


200 
S5 
SS 
35 

80 
25 
25 

25 

300 

1,000 


ao 

85 

130 
150 
UO 
ISO 
615 


•^     ^ 


:V^> 


/-$! 


l-*^..  ■ 


pr 


J^^i 


^-in 


.^<^-'!J*/-% 


-'^^t^j'ii^i^pvrrf.'  .'»'^.-, 


"^•II^^?^ 


WESTERN     HATCHERY 


f 


^f.C^- 


-^...■^y^^ 


?5kT"  "  "'"•'v 


fm^^^W^^^r^^^^^!^^^W^^^^^^ 


'.%  '7  yr?  75?^-    ^  t* 


X.y^ 


%i^ 


^r»^^#^ 


',    *^;^^^.. 


WESTERN     HATCHERY 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissionebs. 


61 


Califobnia  Trout  Fry. 


1888. 


Name  of  Aphucamt. 


June 23,     Louis  Oorentlo, 

as,     C.  M.  Hyatt, 

28,     Charles  J.  Wait, 

38,     Charles  J.  Wait, 

28,     Charles  J.  Wait,  .  .  . 

^.     James  H.  Cole, 
July  11,     Charles  J.  Wait,  .  . 

11.     Charles  J.  Wait,  .  . 

14,     H.  L.  Moneor,  .  .  . 

16,     William  BocJte,    .  . 

16,      W.  C.  Kress,  .... 

16,     J.  Harrison 

19,     J,  S.  Hardintr,    .  .  . 

19,  I  I.  F.  Everhart,  .  .  . 

28,  I  Moses  S.  Tyler,     .  . 

28,  I  H.Akkley, 

26,     H,  AV.  Rathbon,  .  . 
Aug.  3,     George  C.  Holden, 

10,  I  Charles  Porter,    . 

10,  Daniel  F.  Luraan,  . 

11.  J.  ft.  Shutfart,  .  .  . 
11,  Joseph  Hanes,  .  .  . 
11,     Georire  Deraey,    .  . 

Sept,  ;{.     John  Armstrong,    . 

17,  j  N.  Y.  Leet, 

17,  I  A.  Mitchell 

17,  Charles  Manerlle,  . 

18,  J.  H.  Sumann,  .  .  . 
18,     C.  M.  Hyatt,  .... 

18,     C.  M.  Hyatt 

18,     E.  M.  LIchty, .   .   ,  . 

IS.      E,  M.  Lichty 

21.  j  C.  L.  Dick 

21,     C.  L.  Dick 

21,  j  E.  P.  IJender,  .  .  , 
21,  J.  H.  Lewis,  .... 
21,  J.  H.  Kochester,  .  . 
21,  I  C.  I.  Duk,  .  .      .  . 

30,  )  C.  P.  Collins, 

30,  I  C.  Gorsuck , 


POSTOFFICB. 


Erie,     .... 
Connellsville, 
Lock  Haven, 
do. 
do. 
Bushkill,   .   . 
Lock  Haven, 

do. 
Columbus,    . 
Wellsboro     . 
do. 
do. 
Wilkesbarre, 
Scranton,  .  . 
Damascus,    . 

do. 
Oil  City,  .   .  . 
Sheffield,    .  . 
Corry, .... 

do , 

Belief  on  to,    . 
St.  Marys, .      , 


County. 


Erie,  .... 
Fayette,  ,  . 
Clinton,  .  .  . 

do.       ... 

do.       .  .  . 

Pike 

Clinton,  .  .  . 

do,  ,  .  . 
Warren,  .  . 
Tioga,     .  .  . 

do 

do 

Luzerne .  .  . 
Lackawanna, 
Wayne,  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Venango,  .  . 
Warren,     .  . 

Erie 

do 

Centre,    .  .  . 
Elk, 


No.  OF  Fisn 
Shipped. 


Blooming  Valley,  , 
Parkesburg,    .... 

Scranton 

Wilkesbarre,  .... 

Carbondale 

Stauffers 

Connellsville,     ... 

do.  .... 

Mj'ersdale, 

do.  

Johnstown Cambria, 

<1" '         do, 

Carrolltown do. 

j 

Brady Indiana, 

<^o do. 

Johnstown,     j  Cambria, 

^'"'""8 j  LancasUT, 

*^-^f<"''J I  Chester,  . 


Crawford, .  .  . 

Chester 

Lackawanna, . 
Luzerne,    .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Westmoreland , 
Fajette,     .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 
^Somerset,  .   .  . 

do.         .  .  . 


3,000 
4,000 
3,000 
3,000 
3.00iJ 
2,000 
3,000 
3,000 
6,000 
12,000 
12,000 
12,000 
12,000 
13,000 
12,000 
12,000 
12,000 
2,000 
6,000 
6,000 
12.000 
6,000 
12.000 
IJ.OUO 
12,000 
18.000 
12,000 
8,000 
4,000 
4,000 
7,000 
7,000 
2.000 
2.WX) 
7,000 
9,000 
9,000 
3,000 
5».000 
9,060 


52 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


53 


California  Trout  Fry — Coniinued. 


1888. 


Sept.  30, 
30, 
1889. 

May  2, 
31, 

June  3, 

8, 

8. 

8. 

8. 

8, 

K 

8, 

8, 

15, 

15, 

16, 

15, 

25, 

25. 

25, 

25, 

26, 

25, 

July   2, 

8, 
11. 
11. 

i:, 

20, 
20. 
20. 
30, 
22, 
22. 
25 
2.1, 
31, 
31, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


William  Patton.  .  . 
Ephraim  Datcsman, 


E.  F.  Hoffman, 
Norris  L.  Reed, 


Isaac  Thomas,  .  . 

John  F.  Miles,  .  . 

J.C.  Holt 

I  L,  Streuber,    .   .  . 

K.  n.  Whipple,  .  . 

F.  H.  Whipple,  .  . 
'  F.  n.  Whipple,  .  . 
j  F.  n.  Whipple.  .  . 

John  F.  Miles,  .   . 

Fred.  Donaldson, 
I 
1  Fred.  Donaldson, 

William  Minore, 
!  William  Minore, 
i  F.  B.  Whipple,  .  . 
I  F.  n  Whipple,  .  . 
i  F.  H.  Whipple,  .  . 

F.  H.  Whipple, .  . 

j 

F.  n.  Whipple.  .  . 

F.  n.  Whijiple,  .  . 
,  James  S.  Fruit,  . 
;  E.  H,  Spencer,  .  . 
I  E.  Green,  V.  a.,  . 
,  .lacob  Kller,    .  .  . 

Wra.  Boyler, .  .  . 

Kobt.  Beese, 

Wm.  H.  Vanbleck. 

r.  H.  McOrew,  .  . 

Chas.  W.  Simons, 

W.  W.  Hartzt>ll,   . 

W.  W.  Hartzell,  . 

Ira  W.  Oay,   .  .  . 

Alfred  Short,     .   . 

W.  Ocksenreader, 

Calvin  Decker,     . 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


White  Rocks, 

West  Milton 

Ding'man's  Ferry.    .  . 
Centreville 

Bellefonte 

Miles  Grove 

Lock  Haven,  .  .      .  . 
Erie, 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Miles'  Grove 

Spring  Creek 

do 

do 

do.  .  . 

Erie 

do 

QO.         ••••••••• 

do 

do 

QO.         •         •••'••• 

Sharon,  

Columbus . 

Blooming  Vallej-,    .  . 

Bousomm 

FleetviUe 

Corry 

do 

do 

do 

Confluence 

do.  

Northeast,        

do.       do 

Duiimore, 

Shoemakers 


Lancaster, 
Union,    .  . 


Pike,    .  . 
Crawford, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Centre, 
Erie,  . 
Centre, 
Erie,     . 

do.     . 

do.     . 

do.     . 

do.     . 

do.     . 

Warren, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Erie,    . 

do. 


•     •     «     ■     • 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Mercer.  .  .  . 
Warren,  .  . 
Crawford,     . 

do. 
Lackawanna, 
Erie 

do 

do 

do 

Somerset,  .  . 

do. 
Erie 

do 

Wayne,  .  .  . 
Monroe.     .  . 


9,000 
9,000 

2,000 


329,000 


5,000 

5,000 

15,000 

5.000 

6,000 

.5.000 

S.OOO 

5,000 

5.000 

5,000 

5,000 

5.000 

5,000 

2,5ai 

2,500 

2,.5O0 

2,500 

2..500 

2,500 

2,200 

10.000 

20.000 

20.000 

10.000 

10.000 

10.000 

10,000 

10.000 

12,000 

12,000 

.*»,roo 
.-.,roo 

10,000 
10,000 


California  Trout  FKi— Continued. 


1889. 


Namk  OF  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


July  31, 
31, 
31, 

Aug.   1, 

»> 

••, 

3. 
3, 
3, 
3. 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5, 

a, 

!», 
') 

■    1 

26,  I 

i 

JO, 
3U. 

:», 
:w, 

30, 
30. 

18W). 

June  3, 

:J, 

3, 

3, 

12, 

12, 

12, 

16, 

19, 

19. 


John  W.  Brink,    .  . 
George  F.  Evans,    . 

H.  D.  Judd 

J.  J.  Yongston,    .  . 
K.  P.  Dawson,  .  .  . 
H.  A.  Penrose,     •  . 
John  S.  Blair,    .  . 
W.  Berliner,  .  .  . 
H.  C.  Fraizer,    .  . 
Geo.  R.  Taylor,     . 
W.  S.  Shields,    .  . 
B.  F.  Laughlin,    . 
J.  H.  Rochester,  . 
J.  M.  Hamilton,    . 
John  W.  Foley,    . 
Andrew  C.  Cross, 
John  Loyton,    .  • 
Garret  Brodhead, 

James  Millham,    . 

Warren  Lake,   .  . 

B.  E.  Bush,     .   .  . 

J.  S.  Case,    .      .  . 

L,  McWillisora,     . 

N.  B.  Reynolds,    . 

W.  J.  r<M)n,     .  .  . 

W.J.  Coon,    .  .  . 

Paul  Swingle,  .   . 


Dunmore, 
Dunuings, 
Pittston,    , 
Meadville, 
Corry, .  . 

do.         . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  • 


Wayne,  .  •  • 

Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,  .  . 
Crawford,  . 
Erie,     .  . 

do.      .  •  •  . 

do 

do.      .  • 


No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


•     •     •     • 


do <1*> 

Ligonier, Westmoreland, 

Brady, '  Indiana,     .  .  • 

do <lo-  •  •  • 

do flo.         •  •  • 

Ligonier, Westmoreland, 

Erie j  Erie 

DIngman's  Ferry,    .  .     Pike 

do.  do.        .  .  ]    do 

do.  do.        •  •  i    do.      .  .  .  .  . 

Hawley Wayne,  .  .  .  . 

Plea!>ant do 

Damascus, do 

Tobyhanna Monroe      .  . 

do.  do. 

i  Factory ville Wyoming, 

i  MiUville,    . Pike,    .  . 

do.  ,.*...      do.       .  • 


•  •  • 


•  •  • 


•  •  , 


South  Canaan ,  Wayne, 

I 

) 


E.  E.  CampbelU    .  .  .  •  '  Glen  Union ,  Clinton, 

C.  R.  Sober I  Lewisburg, 1  Union, 


J.C.  Bucher,  .  .  .  do. 

T.  B.  Hunter Boalsburg, 


H.  S.  Thurston, 

F.  B.  Whipple, . 

F.  B.  Whipple,  . 
I 
I  Herbert  Mead, 

i  D.  W.  Bigler.     . 

I  D  W   Bigler,     . 

I  D.  W.  Bigler,     . 


•     •      t 


Erie 

do 

do 

Spring,   .  •  • 

Philllpsburg, 

do. 

do. 


•      •      • 


do. 
Centre, 
Erie,     . 
do.      . 
do.      . 
Warren. 
Centre*, 
do. 
du. 


10,000 
10.000 
10.000 
lO.OUO 
10,000 
10.000 
10,000 
10.000 
10,000 
MOO 
7,000 
7,300 
7,500 
B.000 
12,200 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,0iX) 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 


4(i0,100 


6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
3,000 
3,000 
9,000 
6,000 
8,000 
6,000 
3,000 
6,000 


54 


Eeport  op  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


66 


California  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


June  20, 

28, 
28, 
38, 
28, 
28, 
July   2, 


•     •     •      • 


«« 

»» 

10, 
10, 

10, 

10, 
10, 
10. 
10, 
17. 


Jackson  Koehler, 
H.S.  Thurston,  . 
H.  B.  Hearn,  .  .  . 
Wm.  Gimerly,  .  . 
A.  J.  McCreary,  . 
Chas.  Porter, .  .  . 
J.  M.  Miller, 
Hon.  J.  H.  Beach,  .  . 

William  Puiis 

W.  M.  Tyler 

Geo.  O,  Pimey, .  .  .  . 
Robert  P.  Mc  Bride,  . 
Chas.  E.  Beach,  .  .  . 
D.  M.  Mott, 
R.H.  Griffith 


County. 


•     •     • 


Erie.     .  .  .  . 

do 

do.      .... 

Kearsargre.  . 
Avonia, .  •  . 

Corry 

Callicoon,  .  . 
Milville,  .  . 
Milanville,  . 
Damascus,  . 
do.  . 

Tyler  Hill,  . 
Milanville,  . 
Pilford,  .  .  . 
West  Pittston, 


•     •     • 


Erie 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do.      .... 
Sullivan,  N.  V 
do.         do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Pittston  Fish  and  Gun 
Club 

Pittston  Fish  and  Gun 
Club 


do. 


do. 


Luzerne,    .  . 


do 


do.         do. 
Cambria,   . 


M.  W.  Bnttan,  . 

W.  K.  Tubbs !  BUK)msburg, 

W.  H.  Murty !  Berwick,    .  . 


•     •      •      • 


John  M.  Cary 

Superintendent  lichisrh 
Vulley  Railroad, 

17,     W.  H.  Hines,     . 

17,     Dr,  H.  Burns,    , 

17,     J.  H.  Burns,  .  . 

17.     John  A.  Seltser. 

17,  1  James  O.  Boyle, 

17,  I  GillKJrt  White,  . 


Scranton. 


do. 

do.  .  . 

Columltia,     . 

do, 
Laokuwanna. 


17, 

17, 
30. 


Silas  Bucklin,  .  . 
J.  J.  WaK^cnhoust, 
D.  L.  Wray,   .  .  .  , 


20,  [  Sidney  T.  Isett, 


30, 

20, 

a), 
so, 

20, 


Wilkosbarre 

do.  .... 

Scranton, 

do 

Tunkhannock.  .... 

Clifton, 

Honesdale, 

Wyominj^.        

Gold8bon>, 

I 
Bellw(x)d 

McOee's  Mills ' 

Kylerstown,    . 

Pine  Glen,    .  . 

North  Summit, 


P.  F.  Tool 

Martin  Tidolper,  ,  .  . 
Abraham  Bowers,  .  , 

Miles  Croasman Hamilton,    .  . 

Orin  L.  Neel Frostburg,  .  . 

C.  Rust, I  Woodcockboro, 


•      •      • 


Lu/«rne,    .  . 

do.         .  . 

Lackawanna, 

do. 
Wyoming,    .  , 
Lackawanna, 
Wayne,  .  .  .  , 

do 

do 

Blair, 

do 

Clearfield,     .  . 

Centre 

Indiana,    .  .  . 

Jefferson,  .  .  . 

dn.  .   .   . 

Crawtoni,     .  . 


No.  OF  FiSB 

Shipped. 


7,000 
12,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
24.ai0 
.'{0,000 
5,000 
4,000 
6,000 

;5,ooo 

(1.000 
n.OOO 
».0(X> 
0,000 

M.noo 

'.t,000 
6,000 
12,000 
♦1,000 
6,000 

ti.OOO 
3,000 
6.000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6,000 
6.000 
3,000 
U.0OO 
6.000 
•1.000 
6,000 
6,000 
tl.OOt) 

6,a)o 


California  Trout  Fm— Continued. 


July  28,     Wm.  R.  Beck, 
28,     John  B.  Heller, 

28,     L.  Jenkins Tunkhannock, 

W.  S.  Kelley Wilkesbarre,  . 


28,  Ben.  L.  Evens.  . 

28.  J.  D.  Knight,     . 

28,  Richard  Graves, 

88,  C.  L.  Tiffany,     • 

28,  I  J.  Angrlemeyer, 

28,  H.  M.  Kiefer,    . 

28,  C.  E.  Newcorab, 

28,  I  Albert  Titus,     • 

i 
28,  ,  W.  J.  Snydman, 


Clarks  Green ,  Lackawanna, 


John  K.  Hoadley,  •  .  • 

A.  Killam 

John  Neal 

M.  N.  B.  Killam 

F.  G.  Farnham 


28, 
30, 
30. 
30, 
80, 
1801.  i 

May  13,  C.  B.  Jones,    .  •  • 

21.     P.J.Crist 

21,  I  C.  A.  Goachards,     . 

81,  I  Edgar  Summers,    . 

81,     O.  M.  Strine 

21,  Thomas  Marsh,    .  . 

21,  R.  F.  Wilson.     .  .  . 

21,  W.  B.  Chamberlain, 

21,  William  Hull,  .  .  . 

21,  J.  C.  Seydell      ... 

81,  Horace  Ganger,  . 

21,  Wm.  P.  Hastings,  . 
23,     Kain  Lord, 

22,  C.  A.  Kordman,  .  . 
22,  H.  A.  Williams,    .  . 

22,     A.  T.  Pool 

22,  James  Wason,  .  .  • 

29,  George  M.  Parmer, 

29,  James  S.  Fruit,    .  • 


do.        do.      .  . 
Lumpkin's  Mills, 

Kingsley ■ 

Easton, 

do 

Scranton,  ... 
Hopbottom.  .  . 
Hoadleys, .... 
do.  .... 
Paupack,  .... 
Buck  Pond,  .  .  . 

Paupack 

White  Mills,    .  . 


Holltdaysburg, 

Milton 

do 


do, 
Lackawanna, . 
Susquehanna, 
Northampton, 

do. 
Lackawanna, 
Susquehanna, 
Wayne.  ■  •  • 
do.       ... 

Pike 

Wayne,  .  .  . 

Pike 

Wayne,  .  .  . 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Blair 

Northumberland, 

do. 

da 

do. 

do. 

da 

da 

da 

da 

da 

do. 


F/juinuuk, Wayne, 


do. 
Lake  Corao. 

<lo, 

do. 
Newcastle, 
Sharon,  .  . 


do.  •  • 
do.  .  • 
do.  .  • 
do.  .  • 
Lawrence, 
Mercer.  .  . 


aooo 

3,000 
6,000 
6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

3,000 

3,000 

6,000 

6,000 

9.000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

6,000 

1.S00 

3,000 

1,500 

1,800 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

l,5t« 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1..T0I) 

2.000 
470.500 


56 


Retort  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


California  Trout  Two  Years  Old. 


"88. 


June  3, 
2, 
H, 
14, 
28, 
28, 

July  11, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
19. 
28, 
36, 
30, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFriCB. 


Elmer  Price 

J.  Angletneyer,    .  .  .  . 
D.  W.  Byas 

D.  W.  Seller 

W.  N.  Praters 

John  H.  Cook 

Howard  Price, 

Geortfe  S.  Stokes.    •  •  • 

Henry  Saj'ers, 

•Tames  Shiffer, 

E.  Arndt, 

Wm.  H.  Bates 

M.  C.  Price 

Lewis  Long, 

J.  M.  Miller, 

H.  W.  Kellara 

Stewart  lietriuk,     .  .  . 


Cresco, Monroe. 


County. 


Easton,  . 
Harrisburg, 

do. 
Busbkill, 

do. 
Cresco,  .  .  . 
Henryvilie, . 
Park  Side,    . 

do. 

do. 
Analmoink, 
Cresco,    .  .  . 
Analomink, 
Calllcoon,  .  . 
Hawkins,  ■   ■ 
Park  Side,    . 


Northampton, 

Dauphin,  .  .  . 

do.  .  . 

Pike 

do 

Monroe, .  .  .  . 

do.       .  .  .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
^HIPPED. 


do 

do 

do.       .... 

do 

do 

do 

Sullivan,  N.  V., 

do.        do. 
Monroe, .  •  .  . 


45 
SOO 
280 
880 

SO 

ss 

4S 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
85 
85 
45 
45 


1,325 


Distribution  of  California  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 


1889. 

Apr.  26, 
26. 
2«. 
26, 
28, 

Nov.  15, 
15. 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 

Dec.  10, 
10, 
1(1. 
10, 


W.  K.  Kessler,  . 
B.  E.  Bush, .  .  .  . 
E.  F.  Hoffman,  .  . 
J.  M.  Miller,  .  .  . 
H.  P.  Kellman,  . 
John  R.  Brlcker, 
H.  Z.  Kllllm,  .  .  . 
Ilayns  Edward.  . 
Hayns  E<lward,  . 
Hayns  Edward,  . 
Felix  Shotr,  -  .  . 
W.  H.  Brosius,  .  . 
8.  A.  Douner,  .  . 
A.  B.  Adams,  .  . 
Edwanl  Dumby, . 
Wm.  M.  Daily, .  . 
W.  M.  Harrison,  . 
A.  D.  Hermann,  . 


Damaik-us,    .  .  . 

do. 
Dingmans  Ferry. 
Caiiicoon,  .... 
Hawkins,  ... 

Lititz 

do 

Unicorn 

do 

do.        .... 
Drumore.     .  .  . 

do 

do 

Lancaster,    .  .  . 

Willlamsport,     . 

do. 

do. 

do. 


.  .  •  . 


•  •  •  . 


Wayne, 

do.        .  . 
Pike,    .  .  . 
Sullivan,  N. 
do.        do, 
Lancaster, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Lycoming, 

d.j. 

do. 

do. 


Y 


40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
St 
» 
20 
80 
90 
22 
23 
22 
82 
38 
28 
28 


No.  19o] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


57 


California  Trout  Three  Years  Old— Continued. 


1889. 

Dec   10, 
10, 
10. 
10, 
10. 
10, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
28, 
30, 
30. 
90. 
30, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POBTOFFICE. 


County. 


H.  A.  Slate, Willlamsport. 

W.  H.  Sloan. do. 

J.  A.  Gamble do. 

Albert  Luther do. 

H.  C.  Bubb do. 

M.  B.  Bubb do. 

W.  R.  Tubb 1  Bloomsburg. 

H.  H.  Gratz do. 

C.  R.  Wardien,     ....     Berwick, 

H.  J.  Conmer j  OrangeviUe, 

W.  F.  Hallstead I  Scrauton,  . 


•     •     • 


L.  Streuben,  •  • 
George  E.  Etter, 
Charles  F.  Etter, 
Edward  Snyder, 
Q.  H.  Markley, . 


I 
30, 

30, 

30, 

1890. 

Jan.  10, 

10, 

10, 

10, 

10, 

10, 

10, 

10, 

10. 

10, 

Feb.  14, 

14, 

Apr.  3, 

3. 

May  20. 

a«, 

29. 


30.     E.  Snyder, 


Chas.  Snyder.  . 
J.  B.  McGowan, 
A.  C.  Baldwin,  . 


H.  F.  Long,  .  . 
C.  E.  Scott,  .  .  . 
C.  Buckley,  .  . 
Isaac  H.  Smith, 
John  Young, 
C.  A.  Frazer,  •  . 


Erie,        .  . 
Harrisburg. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
•  do. 
do. 
Cains,  •  •  • 
do.     ... 


Lycoming, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Columbia, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Erie,    .  •  . 
Dauphin,  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lancaster, 
do. 


Dingmans  Ferry, 


•     •      •      • 


do. 

do. 
do. 
«lo. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


M.  D.  Mott,      Milford, 


John  A.  Kipp,   .   . 
J.  C.  Westbrook,  .  . 
J.M.Miller,    .  .      . 
Lafayette  Rowland, 
W.  M.  Bentley,     .  . 

B.  T.  Hewitt,  .... 
A.  Blair 

C.  N.  Whitmore,  .  . 
J.  M.  D«Mld8,  .... 
E.  H.  Keed 


Pike 

do 

do 

do.      

do.      

do 

do 

do 

do 

Sullivan.  N.  Y. 


do.       ....... 

do 

Calllcoon,  .  •  • 

Rowland Pike. 

Corry Erie. 

Hollidaysburg,  ....  Blair. 

Tyrone, do. 

Corry Erie, 

Confluence Somerset, 

Ursina, di>. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


28 

28 

28 

SB 

28 

28 

80 

SB 

80 

80 

80 

85 

81 

81 

18 

18 

13 

18 

10 

10 

80 
10 
80 
80 
80 
30 
30 
80 
30 
80 
24 
35 
104 
27 
40 
70 
75 


1.583 


58 


Repokt  op  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


California  Trout  Three  Years  Old— Continued. 


1800. 


June  3, 

Sept.  4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

Oct.  10, 

10, 

10, 

10. 

10. 

10, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


J.  C.  Buckcr 

Otto  F.  Nickel,  .  .  . 
Otto  F.  Nickel,  .  .  . 

C,  L.  Dick 

C.  L.  Dick, 

E.  Robinson,  .  .  . 
C.  C.  Griffith,  ... 
John  F.  Menoher,  . 
Willon  C.  Wilt,  .  . 
George  R.  Taylor,  . 
John  W.  Crawford, 
T,  J.  Laugbery,    .  . 


Feb.  29, 

2», 

Apr.  9. 

June  3, 

3, 

28, 

July  31, 
31, 
31. 
1891. 
Feb.  12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 

Mar.  22, 

Apr.  1, 
1. 
1, 
1, 
1, 
I. 
1, 
1. 


H.  C.  McGraw, 
R.  Rasctt,  .  . 
M.  H.  Kimble, 


C.  R.  Sober,  .  . 
E.  E.  Campl)ell. 
Chas.  Porter,  .  . 
Hutfh  Miles,  .  . 
Patrick  Mooney, 
W.  E.  Stephens, 


W.  M.  Gardner, 

Paul  (iardner,  . 

Benj.  Gardner,  . 

L.  E.  Ganlner,  . 

G.  W.  Dickey,    . 

M.  G.  Sellers.     . 

F.  W.  Cornman, 

S.  T.  Detrick.     . 

J.  Dont/.raan,    . 

W.  K.  Smith,  .  . 

Lewis  Price,  .  . 

W.  W.  Canigan. 

A.  s.  Gordon,    . 


.  .  •  . 


POSTOFFICB. 


Lewisburg,  .  .  . 

Johnstown,  .  .  .  , 

do 

do.  .  .  .  , 
do 

Parkers  Landing, 

Ligonier 

do.        .  .  .  .  . 


COUNTV. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


[Jnion 

Cambria.    .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.         ... 
do.         ... 
Armstrong,  .  . 
VVeslmorelnnd, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Hybrid  Trout  Fry. 


Corry, .  .  . 

do.        .  . 

Hones«laIe, 


lii'wisburg,  . 
Glen  Union, 

Corry 

Fagundes,    . 

do. 
Tidioute,    .  . 


Honesdale, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Moutzdale, 
Park  Side, 
do.     do. 
do.     do. 
do.     do. 
do.     do. 
do.     do. 
do.     do. 
do.'     do. 


.... 


Erie,     .  . 

do.      .  . 

Wayne,  . 

Union,  . 
Clinton, . 
Erie,  .  . 
Warren, 

do. 

ilo. 

Wayne,  . 
do. 

do.       . 
do.       . 
Clearfield. 
Mo'iroe, 
do. 
do. 

do.  . 
do.  . 
do.  . 
do,  . 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


25 
84 
24 

SO 
40 

34 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
347 


fi.OOO 

e.ooo 
«,ooo 


18,000 


«,000 
6,000 
20,000 
4,000 
4.000 
4.000 

3,000 

8,000 

3,000 

3,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2.a)0 

2,000 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


69 


Hybrid  Trout  Try— Continued. 


1801.  NaMK  OF  APPLICANT. 

1        ^ 

Apr.    1,  T.  H.  Stills,  .   .       .  .  • 

1,     I.  S.  Case • 

I,  George  J.  Frowh, 

1,     8.  B.  Stilwell 

10,  R.  P.  Dawson,  .... 

12,     E.  H.  Clark 

12,  O.  T.  Charaljers,  .  •  . 

12,     T.  J.  Ferns 

18,  Chas.  L.  White,    . 

12,  C.  George  Olmstead  . 

May  IT,     Gilbert  White 

IT,  ■  G.  M.  Miller 

IT,  i  H.  E.  Boyer 


POSTOFFICE. 


CODNTY. 


Analomink. 
Tobyhanna, 
Scranton,  . 

do. 
Corry,  •   .  . 
Hones<iale, 
do. 


29,  i  James  S.  White, 


Corry Erie 

do do.     .... 

do <lo-        •  •  • 

i 

Honesdale Wayne,  .  .  . 

Wilkesbarre Luzerne.    .  . 

Dunmore,     ......  Lackawanna. 

Sharon Mercer,  .  .  . 


Hybrid  Trout  One  Year  Old. 


1888. 
June  14, 

14, 
28. 
28, 

July  10, 
11, 
11, 
11, 

W, 

Aug.  27, 
28, 

Sept.  12, 
21, 
28, 

Oct.  10, 
2», 


J.  W.  nya«,     .   .   . 

J.  L.  Owens,  .  .  . 

C.  G.  Heller,  .  .  . 

G.  Hergstressor.  ■ 

T.  A.  Delaraater. 

An»ert  llemoy,  .  . 

Martin  Fish,      .  . 

Grant  Turner.  .  . 

8.  B.  Stilwell,     .   . 

;  L.  A.  Delamater, 

I  Charles  Porter,     , 

I  J.  J.  Youngson. 

I 

j  John  A.  Hari)er, 

I  O.  Seager,        .   . 

J.  B.  Pierce,   .  . 

I  J.  R.  T.  Ryan,  . 


Harrisburg, 

do. 
Itushkill,    . 
East  Stroudsburg 
Meadville, 
Canadensis,  . 

do. 

do. 

I  Scranton, 

I 

j  Meadville,    . 

]  Corry,     ... 

I 

i  Meadville,    . 

j  South  Fork. 

.  Seagertown, 

1  Sharpsvllle, 

i  Eagles  Mere, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Monroe,  •   . 

do. 
Lackawanna, 
do. 

Erie 

Wayne,  .  .  . 

do.      .  .   . 


Dauphin, 

do.         ...... 

Pike 

do 

Crawford 

Monroe 

do 

do 

liackawanna,  .... 
Crawford,     ..... 

Erie 

Crawford, 

Cambria 

Crawford, 

Mercer, •  • 

Sullivan, • 


2.000 

4.000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,00(1 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 


104,000 


^0 
230 

125 

125 

1,500 

'.Kl 

i»0 

{« 

320 

1,000 

SOU 

400 

200 

n») 

320 

200 


5,900 


60 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Hybrid  Trout  Fry  One  Year  Old— Continued. 


1801. 

Name  of  Applicant. 

1 

POSTOFFICE. 

County. 

No.  OF  FiBH 

Shipped. 

Apr.    1, 

W.J.  Sellers 

William  D.  Cobb,       . 
Mrs.  W.  E.  Meny  &  Son, 

Lewis  Price 

N.  K.  Detrick 

J.  Wmcel, 

Parkside, 

do 

do 

do.        

Analomink, 

do.            

Monroe.     

do . 

do 

do . 

do.        

do 

66 
85 
65 
65 
66 
65 

390 

Distribution  of  Hybrid  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 


1889. 

Dec.  17, 

17, 

:J8. 

30, 

1890. 

Jan.  2tS, 
36, 
38, 

Feb.  27, 

<• 

14, 

14, 
14, 


G.  BoKart.  . 
O.  Halstead, 


Scranton i  I^ckawanna. 


do. 


L.  Streuben ,  Erie, 


W.  L.  Powell, 


Harrisburg', 


H.  C.  Demuth Lancaster, 


A.  C.  Baldwin, 


Cains, 


J.  B.  McGowen do , 

John  A.  Niver,     .  .  .  Nicholson,    .  . 

R.T.Ryan Williamsport, 

C.  R.  Manville Carbondale,    . 

H.  M.  Boyer Scranton,  .  .  . 

Edward  Fisher,    ....  Rowland,  .  .  . 

Georg-e  H.  Rowland,     .  do.         .  .  . 

W.  R.  Smith, do.        .  .  . 


do. 
Erie,     .  . 
Dauphin, 


Lancaster,    . 

do 

do. 
Wyoming, 
Lycoming.    . 
Lackawanna. 

do. 

Pike 

do 

do 


Brown  Trout  Fry. 


1891. 
Mar.  Iti, 
21, 
34, 
84, 
S», 

3«, 

8», 


Penrose  Niles,  ....  I  Dingmans  Ferry, 

W.n.  Sober Glen  Union, 

8.  B.  Stilwell I  Scranton 

J.  P.  Rosenkrance,     .  •     Plttston 

H.  (J.  Hunkey Harrisburg,     .  :   . 

.1.  B.  Serrill .«!t.  Davids,    .       .  . 


Pike 

Clinton,  .  .  . 
Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,    . 
Dauphin,  .  . 
Delaware.     . 


C.  F.  Etter, .  .  .  .  , 
C.  E.  II.  Brelsford, 
B.  V.  Etter 


Harrisburg, !  Dauphin 


do. 


do. 
do. 


66 

59 

75 

135 

2S4 
40 
40 
45 

WO 
45 
22 
84 
34 
24 

~m 


S.000 
3,000 
4,000 
3,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
3,000 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


61 


Brown  Trout  'FB\—Continv£d. 


1891. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Mar.  29. 
29, 
29, 
29. 
29, 
29, 
Apr.    1, 
1. 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 
1. 
10, 
12, 
May  17, 
17, 
17, 
IT, 
31, 
31, 


John  Spangler,  .  • 
Edward  Snyder,  .  . 
William  Yeager.  .  • 
Eugene  Snyder,  .  . 
Charles  Snyder,  .  . 
George  Etter,  .  •  • 
N.  R.  Detrick,  .  •  . 

1. 8.  Case 

W.C.Henry.     •  .  ■ 

J.  A.  Boyd 

Edwin  Hagert, 
Harvey  Bush,  .  .  . 

W.  J.  Sellers 

Charles  Porter,     .  . 
Dr.  R.  W.  Brady, 
W.  11.  Hines,     • 

E.  T.  Koth 

Thomas  H.  Stiles, 
Callus  Wensel.     • 
Robert  Datesman, 
C.  A.  Oodcharles, 
George  M.  Peuuar, 


COUNTY. 


•       •      •       • 


Harrisburg 

do.  .... 

do.  ... 

do. 

do.       .     .  •  • 
do.  •  •  • 

Analomink,     .  .  . 
Tobyhanna  Mills, 

Parkside 

do 

<lo 

do 

do 

Corry 

Honesdale Wayne,  . 

Wilkesbarre '  Luzerne, 

do.  <lo- 

Analomink Monroe, . 


Dauphin, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Monroe, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

.in. 
1  Erie,     . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do. 
West  Milton, 
Milton,    ■  . 


do 

Union 

Northumberland, 


Newcastle Mercer 


Brown  Trout  Fry  One  Year  Old. 


1888. 

June  28, 

July  19, 

W, 

19, 

19, 


Harry  Peators 

M.  W.  Van  Gordon,  .  . 

H.  C.  Ford, 

John  Vernoy, 

William  Hill 


Bushkill 
Egypt  Mills. 
Bushkill 
Canadensis, 
do. 


2.000 

2,00C 

2,000 

3.000 
2,000 
8,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2,000 

2,oa) 

2.000 
2.000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,00(1 
2.000 

4.oai 

8,000 

2,000 
2,0U0 
2.000 
2,(110 


ti»»,U0() 


62 


Report  op  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners 


63 


Distribution  of  Loch  La  yen  Troit  Fry. 


Aug.  5, 
5, 

36, 
26, 
26, 
31, 


Name  op  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


COUNTT. 


A.  C.  Johnson,  .  . 
T.  .J.  Laughery,  . 
E,  F.  Hoflfman,  . 
H.  P.  Kellman.  . 
Stanley  S.  Keesler, 

G.  S.  Bush 

W.  L.  Powell,    .  . 


Ligonier ,  Westmoreland, 


do 

Dingmans  Ferry, 
Hawkins,  .  .  .  . 
Damascus,   .  .  . 
do.  ,  .  . 

Harrisburg,     .  . 


do. 

Pike,  .  . 
Wayne,  . 

do       . 

do.  . 
Dauphin, 


Distribution  of  German  Carp  Fry. 


1888. 
Nov.    4,     John  Longenccker,  . 
9,  ,  Toss  H.  Marshall,    .  . 

9,     Jacob  Krapp? 

9,     Alva  A.  .^haffer,  .  .  . 

9,     Francis  Lornadoe, .  . 

9,     Silas  M.  Douglass,  .  . 

»,     Michael  J.  Mills,  .  .  . 

9,     Theodore  .Storm, .  .  . 

9,     Joseph  Storm,  .... 

9,     John  B.  Foster,    .  .  . 

9,     Barnard  Wartman,    . 

9.     Joseph  Warner,  .  .  .  . 

9,     Charles  Lesher,    .  .  .  , 

9,     W.  J.  Patterson,     .  .  . 

9,     Many  Schnider 

9,     J.  M.  Fox 

9,     Toss  A.  Rotjerts 

19,     Mrs.  Lina  Metzgar,    .  . 

19,     R.  A.  Cooper, 

19,     James  N.  Oiilson,   .      . 

19,     M.  L.  Green 

19,     Jacob  Baer 

19,     John  Schantz 

19,     Joseph  Bradley 

19,  I  S.  H.  Dlffenderfer,  .  .  . 


Tyrone 

Dayton 

Indiana, 

Luthersburg,  .  . 
St.  Augustine,    . 
do.       do. 
Chess  Spring's, 
do.       do. 
do.       do. 
St.  Marys,     . 
do.     do.        ... 
do.     do.        .  .  . 
do.     do.        ... 
New  Alexandria, 
Allegheny,   .  .  ,  , 

Fox  burg , 

Renovo,     

Perry 

St.  Augustine,   .  . 

Hydetown 

Lawrence,    .  .  ,  . 

Greenville 

Ebensburg,  .  .  . 
Allegheny,  .  .  .  . 
Transfer,  .  .      ,  . 


Blair,  .  .  . 
Armstrong, 
Indiana,     . 
Clearfield, 
Cambria,    . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Elk.  .  .  .  .  , 

do 

do 


do 

Westmoreland, 
Allegheny,  .  . 
Clarion,  .  .  .  . 
Clinton,  .  .  . 
Forest,  .... 
Cambria,  .  .  . 
Crawford,  .  . 
Washington,  . 
Mercer 


19,     O.  W.  Smith Fertig, 

19,  I  Eltsha  Houles,  .  . 
19.  '  John  A.  Magee, 


i  Grant  City,  , 
•  Plain  Grove, 


Crawford, 
Allegheny, 
Mercer,  .  . 
Venango,  . 
Lawrence, 
do. 


No.  OP  Fish 
Shipped. 


♦J.OOC 
6.000 
4.000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
2,000 
30,000 


20 

85 

» 

85 

» 

85 

86 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

85 

MO 
80 

80 
80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 


German  Carp  Fry — Continued. 


Nov  19, 
19, 

Dec.  37, 
27 
27 
27, 
27 
27, 
27. 
27, 
27, 
27, 
31, 
31. 
31. 
31. 
31, 
31. 
31. 


G.  H.  Roules,  .  .  . 
G.  L.  Williams,  .  . 
John  S  Fisher,  .  . 
Martha  Griffith,  .  . 
Samuel  Spcngler,  . 
Benj.  StitTy,    .  .  .  . 

Wm.  Kline 

Edward  Burke,  .  . 
D.  G.  Pipps,  .... 
W.  F.  Miistorn, 
Alfred  Richardson, 
John  McFadden,  .  . 
John  Savage,     .  .   . 

H. Savage 

Jess  Lubr,     .  .  .  .  . 
Robt.  J.  Arnold,  .  . 

A.  Stiffy 

H.  H.  Bobh 

Asa  Battles 


Grant  City 

Sharon 

St.  Marys,  .... 
JennerstowD, .  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  ... 

do.  ... 

Chess  Spring,  .  .  . 
Locust  Lane,  .  . 
Brandts  Junction, 

Gallery, 

Little  Cooley,  .  . 
Jamestown,     .  .  . 

do 

St.  Marys 

Clarksburg,     .  .  . 

do. 
Darnsifer,    .... 
Glrard 


Jan.   5, 

5, 
7. 
T, 
16, 
1«, 
1«. 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 

Feb.  II, 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11. 
11, 

May  n. 


E.  W.  Hatch, .      .  . 

D.  W.  Hatch,  .  .  . 
Mrs.  Levi  Metzgar, 
Chas.  Snhlosser,  .  . 
H.  I^  Shaffer,  .  .  • 
L.  M.  Leonard,  .  .  . 
James  F.  Bleskley, 
A.  G.  McElhiney,    . 

E.  H.  Gibson,      .  . 
J.  C  Philson,     .  .  . 
A.  G.  Gardial,    .  .  . 

F.  B.  Collins.     .  .  . 
Geo.  Johnson,   .  .  . 

C.  R.  Forbes 

Jacob  Brigbley,  .  . 

!  John  Fagan,  .   .   .  . 
'  W.  I.  Nevin,  .   .  .  . 
i  F.  .S.  Pur.iance, 
i  Fred  Hamingtir,  . 
I  John  Reighard,     .   . 


Union  City, 
Hatch  Ho'tlow. 
Perry,  .  .  .  . 
Johnstown,  ■  . 
Morganza.  .  • 
Granville,  .  . 
Cooperstown,  , 
Franklin,  .  .  . 
Penn  Run,  ■  . 
Berlin 

do 

do. 

do.  ... 
Albion,  .  .  . 
South  Bend, 
Renfrew,  .  . 
Pittsburg,  . 
Butler,    .  .  . 

do.         .   .  . 
William8|>ort 


•      •     • 


Lawrence, 
Mercer,  .  .  .  . 

Elk 

Somerset.  .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.  ... 

do.  ... 
Cambria,  .  .  . 
Indiana,  .  .  . 
Westmoreland, 
Butler, 

Crawford,    .  . 
Mercer,  .  .  .  . 

do 

Elk 

Indiana.        .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

Northampton, 
Erie.    .      .  •  . 


•     •     •     • 


do 

do 

Forest,  .  .  . 
Cambria,  .  ■ 
Washington, 
Bradford, .  . 
Venango,  ■  . 

do.  .  . 
Indiana,  .  . 
Somerset,  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  . 

Erie 

Armstrong, 
Butler,    .  .  . 
Allegheny, 
Butler,    .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Lycoming, 


20 
85 
25 
^ 

» 
85 
86 
85 
85 
85 
85 
85 
86 
85 
85 
26 
88 
86 

86 
Si 


80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
80 
fO 
80 
M 
It 
80 


» 


64 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


German  Carp  Yhy— Continued. 


1889. 


Name  or  Applicant. 


I'OSTOFFICK. 


CODNTY. 


May    6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
t5, 
6, 
6, 
6. 
6, 
6, 
6, 
«, 
6, 
6. 
6, 
15, 
15. 
15.  I 
15, 
15,  I 
15, 
lii. 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15,, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 

Oct.  17, 
17, 
IT, 

n, 

IT, 


D.  W,  Seller, ■ 

D.W.  Seller, 

Fred  Schoenig,     ... 

A.  A.  Binker,       ... 

W.  M  AUistHi 

C.  Binker 

Sophia  McEmen,  .  .  . 

Ellisou  Allen 

G.  W.  Rlump 

J.  C.Green, 

Wm.  Kissinger,    .  .  • 

Harris  Richardson.    . 

John  H  Thouiis,     .  . 

Frank  Tubridy,  .  .  . 

Joel  L.  Ball.       .... 

Joe  Wagner 

Edward  Carson,    .   •  • 
Henry  Get/.,      •      •  • 

i  C.  W.  Heydric,      ... 
Patrick  Owens,    .  .  • 

I  T.  A.  Boak, 

Edward  Allison,  .  •  . 

W.  Kelso •  . 

W.  H.  Bartholaraer, 
John  S.  Haasiuger,     • 

Clias.  Boyer 

Henry  Wingert,  .  .  • 

1.  Hublnr 

John  Q.  Miles,  .  .  • 
Isaac  Thomas,  ... 
A.  M.  Draucker,     .  ■ 
John  F.  Zcller,     .  • 
Ed.  P.  Lingle,    .  •  • 


F.  C,  McNealy, 


Jacob  Mcchmer, 
John  Engler,  . 
(?.  VV.  Hoydrick, 
Hughes  H.  Pell, 
17,     Sampson  Short, 


Harrisburg,     ... 
do.  ... 

Ridgway, 

Brinkerton 

Spring  Mills,    .  .  . 

New  Bethlehem,  . 

Hublersburg,     .  • 

Berrytown,      •   ■  . 

Williamsport,     .  . 
do.  •  • 

Aitcb,     

Sarah,     

Johnstown,     .  •  • 

Moshannon,     .  .  • 

Allegheny 

Rosecrans,    .  .  .  . 

Lycoming,    .  .  .  . 

Beaver  Springs,     • 

Carrolton,     .  .  .  . 

Cresson,        .  .  .  . 
Hughesville,   .  .  . 

Potters  Mills,      .  . 

Baxter 

Centre  Hall,    • 
Pa.\tonville,    .  •  • 
do.  .  ■ 

Luthersburg, 
Lewisburg,      •  - 
Martha  Furnace, 
Bcllefonte,   •  ■  • 
Luthersburg,  .  ■ 
do.  .  . 

Milesburg.       .  . 


Callery, 
Lewisburg,  . 
Collomsvillc, 
Carrol  Iton,  . 
Centre  Road, 
Northeast, 


do.  .  . 
Clearfield,  . 
Union,  •  ■ 
Centre,    .  . 

do.       .  • 
Clearfield, 

do. 
Centre,    . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shtpped, 


Dauphin 

do.  

Elk, 

Clarion,     

Centre 

Clarion, 

Centre, 

Bradford,    

Lycoming,    ■  . 

do.  

Huntingdon,      .  .  . 
do 

Cambria, 

Centre, 

Allegheny 

Clinton,  ... 

Lycoming 

Snyder, 

Mercer 

Cauil>ria 

'  Lycoming, 

Centre, 

Jefferson, 

Centre, •  • 

Snyder 


Butler,    ■  . 
Union,    .  . 
Lycoming, 
Venango, 
Crawford, 
Erie.     .  .  ■ 


20 
20 

s» 

20 

w 

80 

SO 

» 

fO 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 


3,0gT 


15 
15 
IS 
15 
15 
15 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 
German  Carp  Fry — Continued. 


65 


Oct.  17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 


W.  J.  Shepard, 
John  F.  Miles.  • 
Patrick  Mo  jney, 
J.  B.  Eastman, 
Isaac  Hampt.    . 
Roliert  Watson. 
James  Gray, 


Union  City,  . 
Miles  Grove, 
Faguudus.  . 
East  Branch, 


County. 


Erie.     . 
do. 

Warren, 
do. 


17,     C.  A.  Vanbalin. 
24,  I  S.  J,  Baltzar, 


Nov 


24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
-U. 

»i. 
«. 
I>. 

6 


l>ec 


R.  M.  Walker 

S.  C.  Snyder 

W.  L.  Schultz,  .... 

Albert  Reed, 

D.  B.  Harris, '  Union  City. 

I).  W.  Benjiman,     .  .  .    Tor|»edo.    .  • 


Bellefonte I  Centre. 


Snow  Shoe, do. 

Milesburg do. 

Hublersburg do. 

Sharpsville Somerset, 

Pine  Hill do. 

New  Millport,    ....     Clearfield. 

Brady j  Indiana, 

Sikesville '  Jefferson, 

...  I  Erie,     •  . 

.  .      I  Warren, . 


Martin  Devose,    .  .  .  .  '  Deerfield, do. 

n.  1.  Trixuit I  Union  City i  Erie.     . 

T.  Gillmore TJdioute !  Warren. 


El)ensburg j  Cambria. 

John  Behr, I  Hemlock do. 

I  Kimmell !  Indiana. 

Jeffer9f»n. 


21,  '  Joseph  Hill,  .  .  . 
21,  i  G.  H.  Taymau,  .  . 
21,  John  H.  Marlson, 
21,  '  John  L.  Evans,    , 

9,  I  H.  F.  Templet  on,     . 
J»,     Levi  Ebelbarger, 

9,  ^  H.  M.  Goff 

9.  ,  H.  M.  Goff,  .      .  .  . 

»,     Geo.  Z.  Ettdmelsl,   . 

9,  ;  D.  R  Schrum,   •  .  . 

\X     S.  H.  Ellinger.      .  . 

13,  ;  8.  H.  Ellinger,  •  .   . 

I 
l:».     W.  Blacker 

A.  H.  Nell,      .  .  .  . 

John  C.  Nell 


North  Washington, 

Somerset, 

Bakersville 


Westmoreland 

Somerset,  .  .  . 

do.         ... 


Winslow 

Canton Bradford, 


13, 
W, 
28, 


do 

Branch  Junction,     . 

NewlH?rry 

Luthersburg 

do.  .... 

Houtzdale,  .... 

Hamilton Jefferson. 

do.  do. 


do.  ... 

Westmoreland, 

do. 
Clearfield.     .   . 
do.  .  . 

do. 


Salem  Hill Schenley Armstrong. 


E.  A   Klliot  &  Co. 
Jacob  Luighm. 
L.  Streubcr.    .  . 


Pittsburg Allegheny, 


Pine. 
Erie. 


Clinton, 
Erie.     . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

IS 

15 

is' 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

81 

8t 

SI 

SI 

15 

15 

80 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

SI 

34 

17 

85 

17 

1? 
810 


6-19-91. 


66 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


German  Carp  Yki— Continued. 


\m. 


Jan.     », 
27, 


Name  or  Applicant. 


FOSTOFFICB. 


M.  H.  Lundy,     • 
Burnett  Jones, . 
O.  S.  MoJpe,    .  . 
J.  T.  Sheaffer,   . 
John  M.  Uwen, 
27,  j  Peter  N  itch,  .  • 
Feb.    5,  I  Chess  E.  Beach, 
5,  I  S.C.  Johnson,    . 
19,     Otto  Uowland, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19, 
Apr.  28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 


Geo.  Smith 

Lewis  Thule,  •   .   ►  •  • 

Chas.  Tomm 

J.  S.  B  Mercer 

L«)ui9  J.  Esken,    .  •  • 
Amos  A.  Williams,    . 
William  Michaels,  .  • 
L.  B.  Kotharmel,     . 
D.  Rowland,  .... 
Greenberry  Devore, 
William  Roikt.    .  . 

J.  H.  Deibler 

J.S.  Hayes 

David  Geary.     .  •  • 
J.  W.  Ebliard,     .  .  • 


Williamsport, 
Dunsfoi*d,     •  • 
Punxsutawney, 
Mattie,    .  .  •  • 
Cresson,     .  .  • 
Johnstown,  .  . 
Milan ville,   .  • 
Butler,       .  .  • 
Rowland,  .  .  • 
do.  .  •  • 

Lackawaxen,  • 

do. 
Pittsburjr,    .  • 

Berlin 

Mattie,  .  .  •  ■ 
Honesdale,  • 
Roebucks,  . 
Rowland,  .  • 
Hyndroan,  . 
Lewistown,  . 
."inydertown, 
CooKiiti,  .  .  • 
Wolfe  Store, 
Sober, .  .  .  • 


County. 


.luiK-  4,     James  Gray,  • 


4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 


Joseph  Heberling, 
S.  E.  Grimm. .  •  • 
J.  H.  Lawhead,  . 
K.  V.  McCoy,     .  . 


l).v 


1,  I  B.  P.  Anderson. 

1,     John  S.  Boyers, 

1.     J.  S.  Lelghner.  • 

I.  I  Andrew  Stoner, 

1,  I  J.  A.  Moore,  .  • 

1,     L.  M.  Clark,    .  . 

I 
1,     G.  W.  Painter, 


John  H.  Morrison, 
Henry  Ehlera,  .  • 
H.  M.  Es.«ick, 


Milesburg,  .  • 
LuthersburjT,  . 
Lewistown, 
Clearfield,  .  . 
Fishertown,  . 
Cresson,     •  •  • 

Covode 

Spring  Rock, 
Martinsburgr, 
New  Bedford, 
Grant,  .  •  • 
Covo<le,  .  •  • 
Bakersville, 
!  Star 


Lycoming 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Bradford, 

Cambria, 

do.         

Wayne 

Butler 

Pike, 

do 

do 

do 

Allegheny 

Somerset, 

Bradford 

• 

Wayne 

Northampton,   .  • 

Pike 

Bedford,    .  .  •    .  • 

Mifflin 

Northumberland. 

Lycoming,    .   •  •  • 

Centre 

Clinton, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Centre,  •  • 
Clearfield, 
Mifflin,    .  . 
Clearfield, 
Betlford,    • 
Cambria,    . 
Indiana, 
Butler,    .  . 
Blair,      • 
Lawrence, 
Indiana. 

do. 
Somerset, 
Forest, 


Picture  Rocks,  .  .  .     '  Lycoming, 


80 

00 

liJO 

13 

13 

13 

» 

U 

m 
» 

10 
10 
10 

so 

fO 
80 
M 
40 

ao 
so 

40 
80 

ao 

20 


1.715 


23 

23 

40 

2:J 

«3 

90 

80 

*» 

:W 

10 

dO 

30 

10 

80 

JO 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


67 


German  Carp  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


Dec.    1, 

1, 
1, 
1, 


P.  Musselman, 
Enos  Moyer,   ■ 
J.  H.  Maclay, 
G.  L.  Ebert,    . 


i,  I  J.  F.  Davis, 


1, 


A.  Matthews, 


I,  I  R.  Crandall, 


1, 
1, 
1, 

1, 
I, 
1, 


J.  M.  Haiick,  .  .  .  . 
The  B.  A.  Elliott  Co., 
Rev.  J.  P.  Davis,  .  . 
Jacob  Malter,  .  .  .  . 
Sol.  C.  Richey  ... 
John  Savage,        .  .  . 


1,     St.  Francis  Academy, 
I,  !  Mrs.  Ida  Dinsmoore,  . 


1,  I  A.  Dowart,     .  . 
I,  !  S.  W.  Rachman, 


1,  F.  J.  Lemedue,     .  . 

l,  J.  S.  Schunrs,     .  .  . 

1,  W.  M.  Freeman,  .  . 

1.  J.  S.  Childs,     .  .  .  . 

i.  J.  F.  BarlKJur,  .  •  . 

!.  Uriah  Reed 

i 

1,  I  Joseph  Holsopple,  ■ 
1,  Jackson  Woods.  •  . 
:,  J«H'.  S.  Schears,  .  . 
1,  j  Enos  Moyer,  .   .  . 


POSTOFFICE. 


Feb.  26,  j  A.  A.  Diffpnderfer, 

2tl,  J.S.  Meekly,  .   . 

Lrt.  R.  O.  Wilson,     . 

2rt,  1  A.  A.  FuiU-rton. 

36,  r.  S.  Smith,     .   . 

Mar.    3,  (J.  C.  Myers,   . 

:>,  Jacob  Beckert, 


Fairfield 

Renovo,      

Middle  Spring,  .  .  . 
Sandy  Lake,  .  .  .  . 
New  Lebanon,  .  .  • 

Cramer,     

Burlington,  .  .  .  . 
Warriorsmark,  .  .  . 

Pittsburg, 

Pardoe, 

Cessna,   

Bedford,    

Jamestown,     .  .  .  . 

Loretto 

Warsaw 

Antes  Fort, 

Lynnvllle, 

St.  Agustine,  .  .  .  . 
Karthaus,    .   .  .  .  . 

Alba, 

Nauvoo 

Harbours  Mills,  ■  .  . 
Jersey  Shore,  .  .  .  . 

ludiaiia 

Patchen ville,     .  .  . 

Karthaus, 

Renovo,     

Kelij  X  Roads,  .  .  . 
do.  do.  .  .  . 
Williamsport,  .  .  . 
ClearfleUl,  .  .  .  . 
lAiwrenceville,  .  .  . 

Sylvis 

Allegheny,      .      .  . 


County. 


Adams 

Clinton,  .  .  . 
Cumberland,  . 
Mercer 

do.  .  .  . 
Indiana,  .  .  . 
Bradford,  .  .  . 
Huntingdon,  . 
Allegheny,  .  . 
Meroer,  .  .  .  . 
Bedford,  .  .  . 
Mercer,  .... 

do 

Cambria,  .  .  . 
Jefferson,  .  . 
Lycoming,  .  . 
Lehigh,  .  .  .  . 
Cambria,  .  .  . 
Clearfield,  .  . 
Bradford,  .  .  . 

Tioga 

Lycomin»f.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
Indiana,  .  .  . 
Clearfield,  .  . 
do.  .  . 
Clinton 

Union,    .   .  .  . 

do 

Lycoming,  •  . 
Clearflehl,     .  . 

Tioga, 

Clearfield,  .  . 
Allegheny.   .  . 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


ao 

so 

30 
30 
30 
80 
30 
30 
180 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
80 
30 
30 
30 
80 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
30 
86 

M 

SO 
80 
SO 
SO 
51 
51 


1.74'.i 


68 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


69 


Distribution  of  Black  Bass. 


1880. 


Aug.   •^, 


Name  or  Aphmcant. 


Pt)STOFlFICB. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fisn 
Shipped. 


2, 
V, 
9, 
I*. 
14, 
14. 
14, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 


Heury  Hall 

J.  F.  Raskins,    .  .  .  . 
J.  F.  Raskins,    ... 
E.  W.  Shippen,  ... 
Dr.  H.  A.  Wilson,  . 
E.  V.  Hoffman,  .  .  . 

C.  B.  Guth 

A.  Aurthurs,  .... 
C.  R.  CorlHjtt,  .  .  • 
Frank  M.  Fuller,  . 
W.  C.Oilgard.  •  •  • 
W.  W.  McConnell,  • 
George  Geiger,     .  . 

G.  B.  Miles 

Samuel  Resor,  •  •  - 
A.  E.  Burrows,     .  • 


18!t0. 
June  10, 
19. 
19, 


Thos.  L.  Briggs, 
Jesse  M.  Baker, 
A.  Rael|)h,  •  .  . 

10.  j  James  Lewis,    . 

19,     James  Lewis, 


Mercer, 

Stoneboro,    •   ■ 

do.  •   •  • 

Sugar  Creek, 
Hammersleye,    . 
Dingmans  Ferry 

Brook ville,  •   •  • 
do.  .  .  • 

Biixter 

Uniontown, 

Rostmont,    .  •  < 

Honey  Brook,    . 

Mahauoy  City,  . 

Chester,     ... 

Pittman, 

Higlilaiid  I^ke, 


Chester,  .... 

Media 

Philadelpliia,  • 
HoUnesburg.  . 
do. 


.  •  •  . 


Mercer,  ■ 
do.  . 
do. 
Venango 
Clinton,  . 
Pike,  .  . 
Jefferson. 

do. 

do.  •  • 
Fayette,  .  . 
Montgomery. 
Chester,  .  .  . 
Schuylkill,  . 
Delaware,  . 
Montgomery 
Lycoming. 


•      •      •     t     • 


225 


235 
225 
1» 
125 
12S 
125 

m 

112 
112 
ISS 
112 
224 
224 


2,(>.'>» 


Delaware,  •  ■ 

do. 
Phlladelpnia. 
do. 
do. 


28 
28 
28 
2H 
140 


Distribution  of  Large  Mouth  Black  Bass. 


1880. 
May    0,  ;  J.M.Miller,  . 
fl,     Liickaw^axen, 


% 


Port  Jervls, 


Aug.  0.     F.  S.  Somemerson, 
9,     E.  F.  Hoffman,  .  . 
21,  I  Samuel  E.  Landis, 
21,  j  James  B.  Cotton, 
21,  i  W.  L.  Uhoades,    • 


Callieoon, 
l..ackuwaxen. 
Port  Jervls.  • 


Hunwiiersleys,    . 
Dingmans  Ferry 
Ashbort).    .  .  .  . 
Chester,  .... 
do.        .... 


Sullivan,  N.  Y.. 

Pike 

do 


SO 
25 


Clinton,  .  •  • 

Pike 

Montgomery, 
Delaware, 
do.         •  . 


100 


125 
112 
112 

112 


666 


Large  Mouth  Black  "Bass— Continued. 


1»90. 


July  10, 
14. 
H. 

ir, 

17, 
IT. 
17, 
30, 
1891. 
May  22, 

oo 

29, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


J.  C.  Bucker.     • 
Albert  G.  Green. 

M.  Russ 

Charles  M.  Price, 
O.  M.  Miller,  .  . 
Stephen  Drum, 
G.  M.  Harding, 
J.M.Miller,  .  .  . 

J.M.Miller,   .  . 
J.  M.  Miller,  .  . 
Joseph  Dickey,    . 
James  S.  Smith, 


Ix^wisburg,  . 
Raading,   ■  . 
Harrlsburg, 
Wilkesbarre, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Callicooa.  ■  . 


do. 

do. 
Greenville, 
Sharon,  .  . 


County. 


Union, 

Berks 

Dauphin,  .  .  .  . 
Luzerne,    ... 

do.        .  .  .  . 

do.        .  .  .  . 

do.  ,  .  .  . 
Sullivan   N.  Y., 


do 

do. 

Mercer, 

do. 


do. 

do. 


1888. 
Aug.  11, 
S<*pt.  28, 
28. 
Oct.  10, 
10, 
Dec.  IT, 

1889. 
May    1, 

•> 

0 

'I 
Aug.  21. 


Rock  Bass. 


W.  D.  Rimer, 

O.  Seager 

E.  H.  Reed 

O.  Seager, 

James  B.  Pierce, .  . 
J.  V.  Long,        .      .  .  . 

Thos.  H.  Dickson,  .  .  . 
Boyer  Runrose,    .  . 

J.  M.  Miller 

I^ackawaxen 

Port  Jervis 

Henry  K.  Boyer,    . 


Youngsvllle, 
Seagertown, 
Ursino,  .  .  . 
Seagertown, 
Sharpsville,  . 
Pittsburg,    . 


Pittsburg,  . 
Dingmans  Ferry, 
CalUcoon,  .  •  . 
Lackawa.ven,  . 
Port  Jervis,  .  . 
Philadelphia,  ■  ■ 


Warren,     . 
Crawford, 
Somerset, . 
Crawford, 
Mercer,  .  . 
Allegheny, 


1890. 

July  14, 

.\.  R.  Moyer 

George  U.  Green,    .  .  . 

G.  J.  Ik'chtel 

W.  R.Green 

M.  Russ •  .  . 

AII»evtG.(;reen, .  .  .  . 

30, 

J.  M.  Miller 

Allegheny,  .  . 

Pike 

Sullivan,  N.Y., 
Pike 


Philadelphia, 


Syner,  ■      I  Lebanon,    .  .  . 

Keadlng Berks, 

do.  do 

Hamburg do.      .  .  .  .  . 

Harrisburg, Dauphin,  .  .  . 

Reading ,  Berks,    .  .  .  . 

Calllcoon I  Sullivan,  N.  V. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped, 


4U 

1,000 

1,100 

40 

40 

40 

40 

1,000 

75 
T5 

15 
30 


3.8ft5 


30 
130 

35 
125 
150 
150 

50 
80 
75 
^•(10 
•,'0 
00 


1,140 


SO 

50 
50 
75 

125 
12-. 
UX) 


70 


Report  of  the 
Rock  Bass — Continued. 


[Off.  Doc. 


1890. 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


Sept.  a:,     Robert  Craut,    . 
27,     H.  C.  Demuth, 
27,  '  .T.J.  Hauck,  ... 
27,  '  .1.  J.  Hauck,  ... 
27,  I  W.  M.  Rice,    ... 

I 

1891.      j 
May  21,     Robert  Detesman, 
21,  1  Peter  J.  Crist,  .  . 


21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
22, 
29. 


J.  E.  Seydell 

R.  F.  Wilson,  .... 
Win.  B.  Chamberlin, 
C.  A.  Godcharles,  • 
William  Hull,    •  •  • 

J.M.  Miller 

Joseph  Dickey,    ■  • 


POSTOrFICE. 


COCNTV. 


Makefield,    . 
Lancaster,    ■ 
Reading,   .  . 
do.  .  . 

Willow  Hill, 

West  Milton, 

Milton,    ■  .  • 

do.       •  •  • 

do.       •  .  • 

do.       •  .  • 

do.       .  .  • 

do.       .  •  • 

Lackawaxen, 

Greenville, 


Yellow  Bass. 


Bucks, 

Lancaster, 

Berks, 

do. 
Franklin, 


Union,        

Northumberland, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Sullivan,  N.  Y.,  .  . 
Mercer,         .  .  .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


60 

no 

GO 

120 

60 

40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
40 
100 
20 


1,325 


June  2,  '  J.M.  Miller,    . 


23, 
2A, 


A.  O.  Green, 
M.  Russ,    ■  • 


Lackawaxen, |  Pike, 


Reading,    . 
Harrisburg, 


Berks,     . 

Dauphin. 


220 
iM 
225 

«75 


White  Bass. 


1891. 
May  29.     James  P.  Fruit, 
2'.t.     J.M.Miller, 


Sharon 

Callicoon  Depot, 


Mercor,    .      .  . 
Sullivan,  N.  V., 


5 
8 
l;{ 


Straw  p.ERRY  Bass. 


May  i:i, 
17, 
K, 
IT, 
IT, 
IT. 


W.  L.  Powell, Harrisburg,     . 

.S.  B.  Stilwell, Scranton,  .  .  . 

Doctor  Tike Dundaff,    ■  •  • 

Frank  Foust Haney's  Lake, 

8.  B.  Stilwell I  Scranton,  .  .  . 

8.  B.  Stilwell '  do.      •  .  • 


Dauphin,  .  . 
Lackawanna, 

do. 
Luzerne,    .  . 
Lackawanna, 

do. 


lao 
m 

45 
4i 

45 

4^ 


Ko.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


71 


STRA^VBERRY  Bass^— Continued. 


\m\.     !  Name  OF  Applicant. 


May  »'l,  Peter  J.Crist, 
22,  i  J.  M.  Miller,  . 
22,  I  J.M.  Miller,  . 
29,  I  Jas.  S.  Fruit,  . 
29,  Jas.  S.  Fruit, 
89.  Joseph  Dickey 
I 


POSTOFFICE. 


COCNTY. 


•    •    •    • 


Milton,    -   .   . 
Lackawaxen, 

do. 
Sharon.  ■   .   - 

do. 
Creenville. 


•     •     » 


Northumberland.    . 

Sullivan,  N.Y,  .  .  . 

do.  •  •  • 

Mercer 

do 

do 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


40 
1» 
200 

30 
UO 
20 

8:3.'> 


72 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


THE  EASTERN  HATCHERY  AT  ALLENTOWN. 


This,  the  oldest  hatchery  of  the  commissiou,  has  beeu  generally  ei> 
larjred.'  In  1889  a  buildiuj?  equal  in  size  and  hatching  area  to  the  old 
hatdiery  was  added  to  the  plant  of  the  commission.  Its  size  is  twenty 
by  one  hundred  feet,  making,  with  the  old  building,  a  hatching  house 
two  hundred  feet  long.  Several  new  ponds  have  been  excavated  and 
are  now  filled  with  breeding  fish.  Mr.  John  P.  Creveling,  the  efficient 
superintendent,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  old  Marietta  station  before  its 
absorption  into  the  Allentown  hatchery,  has  brought  the  hatchery  to  an 
efficiency  probably  not  surpassed  by  any  state  hatchery  in  the  Union. 

The  trout  fry  from  the  Pennsylvania  hatcheries  are  from  three  to  five 
mouths  old  before  they  are  sent  out.  This  seems  to  be  the  best  age  for 
planting.  The  experiment  has  been  made  of  planting  trout  fry  in  a 
small  stream  near  the  hatchery  and  carefully  watching  their  develop- 
ment. The  result  has  been  so  satisfactory  that  the  commission  has 
abandoned  any  idea  of  distributing  yearling  fish,  judging  that  the  pres- 
ent practice,  both  from  its  economy  and  beneficial  results,  is  the  best. 
Hundreds  of  exhausted  trout  streams  through  out  the  state  have  been 
restored  by  the  planting  of  young  fry,  which  is  good  evidence  that  they 
adapt  themselves  to  the  small  runs  in  which  they  ave  placed,  until  with 
increasing  size  they  naturally  seek  the  large  stream. 

Improvements  at  the  Allentown  hatchery  have  been  retarded  by  the 
fact  that  the  land  is  leased  and  does  not  belong  to  the  state.  Provision 
should  be  made  by  the  legislature  for  the  purchase  of  this  property  so 
that  it  could  be  developed  to  its  fullest  extent.  Appended  is  the  dis- 
tribution from  tlie  Allentown  hate  hevy  for  1889,  1890  and  1891. 


i:fr^'.^ 


^ 

^^*|-, 
^"^^t^ 

■■••.V 

-^Vf^^"^ 

,V//.'- 


"^fiii: 


—A    iS'  ■^"i 


--wj'i''^'*  ■ 


..*<ri*"- 


#;^'-^' 


'  or'"'  -  *  "  »   »^ 


.■.■**-5*^V 


A>  -.'%:'. 


:-u*^^-    ■ "        ...      . 


^.v,-..?^- 

:'^-'*^:,  ..^-^'' 


'•^fyTT'. 


^v^pi^^ 


;^?^^,- 


'.».-"'  '^'•I^»(!', 


^#**W 


EASTERN     HATCHERY  WITH    TROUT    PONDS. 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


73 


Distribution  of  Brook  Trout. 


'  No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


Jan.  15,  !  A.  B.  Foltz,    . 

15,  I  R.  V.  Fox, 

la,  1  C.  E.  Etter,      .  .  •  • 
15,     C.  B.  H.  Brelsford, 
15,     J.  M.  Hemperly,  . 
15,     G.  C.  Krrtuse,     •   • 
15,  I  T.  B.  Robinson.    . 

15,     J.  Neiditr 

15,     H.  M.  F.  Warden 
15,     Ansoa  DeVout,    . 
1.5,     B.  R.  Bergstresscr 
15,     A.  E.  Brady,  •  •  • 
1.%  I  W.  E.  Seller,  •  •  • 
15,     D.  W.  Seller,  .  •  • 
15,  I  C.  E.  Metzger,  .  ■ 
18,     G.  Countock,     • 
IH,     A.  S.  Martin.  •   ■ 
18,     W.  S.  Balse,    •  • 
18,     A.  NV.  Milllson, 
18,  i  B.  C.  Bryan,  .  • 
18,  I  J.  S.  Weaver,    . 
18.     B.  C.  Gardner,  . 
18,     J.  J.  Kimble, .  . 
18,     A.  C.  Hade,     .  • 
18,     J.  H.  Uhrlch,    . 
18,     J.  H.  Boyer,  •  • 
18,     J.  H.  Miller,  .  • 
18,     J.  D.  Miller,    .  . 


18, 
18, 
22, 


W.  E.  Kelfer,  . 
R.  W.  Short.  . 
O.  W.  Hauck. 
F.  S.  Mumraa, 
22,     C.  A.  Murdock, 
22.     B.  A.  Burnett, 
2"^,     R.  H.  Thomas, 
22,     H.  H.  Mercer, 
22,  i  G.  W.  Owen,  . 
8.  F.  Hauck,  . 
J.  Franklin,   . 
A.  J.  Gross,  •  . 


Harrisburg. 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  :  •  • 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  •  •  < 

do.  •  •  ' 

do.  •   • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

<lo.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do. 
Mechanicsburjr, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
.lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
.lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
■lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do.      •  •  . 
do.         •  • 
do. 
do. 

do.      .  . 
do.      •  • 
do.      .  . 
do.       •  • 
do.       -  . 
do.       •   • 
do.       .  • 
do.       •  • 
do.      •  • 
CumV)erlan<l, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
;  do. 

'  do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
ilo. 
do. 


»   •  •  • 


8,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.t00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,r.oo 

2,500 
2,500 
2,600 
2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 


i 


•I 


74 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout —  Continued. 


Jan.  'J2, 
•» 

24. 
34, 
24, 

24. 

24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
2J, 
24, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
23, 
25, 


25, 
25, 

25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
2f, 
28, 
28, 
2», 
29. 

29. 
29, 
29, 
29, 

29, 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


A.  Wertz,  .  . 
J.  B.  Downs,  . 
Tom.  Downs, 

J.  Hlte 

S.  Caiiffe,  .  .  . 
A.  S.  Shimer,  ■ 
M.  C.  Luckenbach 
E.  Whesford, .  . 
H.  H.  Dash,  .  . 
H.  A.  Groraan, . 
J.  F.  Ranch.  .  . 
L.  W.  Snyder,  . 
G.  H.  Yohe,  .  . 
r.  H.  Zeller.  .  . 
C.  Moser,  .... 
C.  S.  Wagrner,  . 
C.  S.  Waj^ner,  . 
C.  ^■'.  Wajfner,    . 

C.  S.  Watrncr,  . 
G.  A.  Heat,  .  .  . 

D.  M.  Graham,  . 
C.  S.  Heckman. 

C.  Berg 

R.  E.  Shearer,  . 
J.  D.  Meek,  . 
W.  E.  Miller.  .  . 
W.  G.  Heckman 
J.  P.  Brindic,  • 
P.  F.  Spahr.  .  . 
C.  W.  Keiter.  .  . 
J.  T.  Fritch,    .  . 

E.  J.  Sellers.  .  . 

F.  J.  Hoff,  .  .  . 
A.  E.  Ruuck, .  . 
F.  A.  Danner,    . 

F.  A.  Danner,    . 

G.  M.  Franklin, 
G.  S.  Steinman, 
R.  J.  Barnes.  .   . 
M.  J.  Corcoran. 


PctSTOFFlCE. 


Mechanicsburtr. 
Steelton. 
do. 
do. 
dc. 
Bethlehem 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Newville. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Carlisle, 
(1... 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Kutztdwn 
do. 
df.. 
Drumoro.  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lancaster, 

do. 
Unicorn, 
Vork,  .  . 


County. 


Cumberland 

Dauphin, 

do.       

do 

do 

Northampton 

do.  •  •  •  • 

do.  •  •  *  • 

do.  •  •  •  • 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

do.  •  •  •  • 

do.  .  •  «  « 

do.  •  .  •  • 

do.              .  .  •  • 
CumN^rland 

do 

do.  

do 

dt 

do 

do.  

do 

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  .  .  .  .  . 

do 

Berks 

do. 

ilO.       .   .   •  •       .   .   . 

Lancaster, 

do  

do.  ...... 

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

1  Ok  K|     ••••••••• 


No.  OF  P'ISH 

Shipped. 


2,.'500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2..500 

2.300 

2,500 

2,500 

2,300 

2,300 

2.500 

2,500 

2.£;ii0 

2.500 

2.3U0 

2.500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.5U0 

2,500 

2.50U 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,f.00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.300 

2,300 

2,500 

2,600 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


76 


Brook  llviovr— Continued. 


188i». 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Jan.  29.  '  E.  Connella,   •  .  . 

29,  j  F.  G.  Metzger,  .  . 

29,  I  R.  F.  Wilson,    . 

29.  i  S.  M.  Mannifold, 


29,  i  W.  J.  Stiffler,  .  . 

29,  R.  B.  Hyson,     . 

29,  R.  F.  Rankin.  . 
ae,  G.  NV.  Hensel.    . 

30.  F.  C.  Palmer.  . 
30,  P.  C.  Winlack.  . 
30,  D.  W.  B.  Kupp, 
30,  L.  P.  Wells, 


80,  D.  H.  Schall,  •  ■ 
31,  S.  W.  Shutt,  .  . 
31,  C.  A.  Myers.  .  . 
31,  .L  E.  Garls.  • 
31.  C.  Broadhursb. 
31,  J.  R.  Hummel. 
31.  I  C.  H.  Wen  hold, 
31.  '  H.  D.  Heller, 

S.  Weidner,    . 

J.  C.  Long,  •  • 

H.R.Green,  . 

H.  R.  Green,  . 

H.  R.  Green,  . 

H.  R.  Greon,  . 

T.  G.  Fox,   .  . 


Feb.    1. 

1. 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1. 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1. 

I, 

1, 

1, 

1. 

1, 

1, 

0. 


York 

do 

do 

do. 

BridgetOD.       .  • 
do.  .  •  • 

Delta 

Quarryville,  .  . 
Pottsville.  .  .  . 
Middleport,  .  .  . 
GIbralter,  .  .  . 
St.  Peters,    .  .  . 

Dale 

Pcnllyn,    .  .  .  . 
Wind  Gap,    .  .  . 
do.         .  .  . 
Bethlehem,  .  .  > 
do.         .  . 
do.  •  • 

Hellertown,     . 
Idaville,    .  •  . 
do.        •  •  • 
Reading,   .  . 
do.        •  •  . 
do.        .  •  . 
do.        .  .  . 
Hummelstown, 


County* 


S.  Duey Harrisburg 


J.  M.  Chrisman, 
W.  Mann,  .  .  . 
J.  Hartzler.  .  . 
J.  D.  Meek.  .  • 
A.  W.  Ryner.  . 
P.  F.  Dalesman. 
R.  Daiesman.  . 
E.  Dalesman.  . 
E.  Dalesman.    . 

E.  Kling 

.T.  H.  Morrow.  . 
.1.  S.  Loose.     .  . 


Sigmund,  ..... 

Lewistown 

Menno 

Carlisle.  .  ... 
Shippensburg,  .  . 
West  Milton.  .  .  . 

do.  •  .  . 

do.  ... 

do.  .  .  . 

do. 
Arch  Springs.  .  .  . 
Muuch  Chunk,  .  . 


York. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Lancaster,    . 
Schuylkill,  . 

do. 
Berks,     .  .  • 
Chester, .  .  . 
Berks,     •  ■  • 
Montgomery, 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
do 
do. 
do.  •  • 

Adams, 

do ' 

Berks 

do 

do 

do 

Daiipliin.      •  •  • 
do.         .... 

lA^high, 

Mifllin 

do 

Cumberland,  . 

d<  >.  .  • 

Northumberland 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Blair 

Carbon, 


•      •      • 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


•     •     •     • 


2,500 

2,500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,600 

2.600 

2,500 

2,500 

2JW) 

2,500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.300 

2.300 

:i.500 

2.300 

2.500 

2.510 

2.500 

2.500 

2,300 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.300 

2.300 

2.300 

2.300 

2,30C 

2.50C 


i!) 


76 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


77 


Brook  Trovt— Continued. 


1889. 


Name  of  applicant. 


Feb.    «,  i  A.  Miller 

rf,  }  M.  O.  Price,  .  .  . 
7,  F.  F.  Harding,  .  • 
7,  I  J.M.  From  field,  . 
7,  ,  W.  P.  Uboads,  . 
7,  ;  E.  W.  Twaddell, 
7,  1  W.  H.  Hillegas, 
7,  I  W.  H.  Hillejraa, 

J.  W,  Shurp,  Jr., 

W.  U.  Hilland,  . 

S.  F.  BrowD,  .  . 

T.  Brown,    .  •  • 

C.  B.  Grubb,  .  . 
J,  Snavely,  •  ■ 
A.  Kellean,    .  . 

D.  W.  P.  Kiipp, 
D.  W.  P.  Kupp, 

8,  i  C.  I.  Nes,  .... 
8,  I  A.  G.  Bf>wman, 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Carbon,  .  .  . 
do.  •  . 

Philadelphia, 
Delaware, 

do. 
Philadelphia, 


8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8, 


«      •      •      • 


8, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
II, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
U, 
U, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 


E.  H.  ZiegUr, 
J.  D.  Bcahni, . 


Mauch  Chunk,  .  .  . 
KresKeville,    .... 

Frankford, 

Wayne 

Chester, 

Philadelphia,  .... 

Pennsburg, 1  Montgomery, 

do do. 

Berwyn ,  Chester,  .  .  . 

Frazer ...        do.  ■  . 

Goshen, Lancaster,    . 

do do. 

I^ncaster.    .....  do. 

Lititz, '         do. 

do I         do. 

Gibraltar |  Berks,  .  .  .  . 

<lo do 

York Vork 

Stewartstown do.     .  .  .  . 

do.  ....  I     do.     •  .  • 


Park  Place Schuylkill, 


Sol.  Hoover PottsvlUe, 


G.  W.  Kennedy,  . 
G.  R.  r>e  Long, .  . 

E.  G.  Hoover,  .  . 
A.  Shoppell.  .  .  . 

F.  B.  P.  Spehrley, 
E.  G.  Hoover,  .  . 
H.  S.  Hoover,  .  . 
J.  P.  Stiue,  .  .  .  . 
H.  C.  Ent 

G.  M.  Di'walt,   .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

da 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

da 


S.  Miimma Highspire, Dauphin, 

H  Wilson Gum  Tree Chester,.  . 

S.  J.  Hondcrwjn Pe^ua, Lancaster, 

S.  F.  Henderson,  ...  do do. 

H.  Fagler Reedsviilc Mifflin.    . 

H.  C.  Dern Altoona Blair,  .  . 

J.  A.  Loose Palmyra Li-banon, 

K.  «!tout Sheridan, do. 


No.  OF  FigH 
Shipped. 


2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.V)0 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.j00 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,&00 

2,500 

3,800 

2,M0 

S,MO 

2,800 

3,800 

3,800 

3,800 

3,800 

3,500 

2.500 

2,500 

3,500 

2.500 

3,500 

2,500 

2.51'0 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,510 

3,500 

2,500 

2.UK^ 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1889. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Feb.  14, 

19, 
19, 


B.  C.  Freeman, 
J.  Edinger, 
E.  E.  Dale,      . 


19,  1  M.  W.  Hurley, 


19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19. 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

81, 

31, 

31, 

31, 

21, 

23, 

S3, 

23, 

23, 

26, 

26, 

28, 
36, 
26, 
36, 


E.  R   Henry,        ■  .  . 

E.  R.  Henry, 

C.  Brown, 

U.  G.  Shoemaker,   .  . 

H.  M.  Kieffer 

E.  B.  Mack 

T.  Miller, • 

I.  Stauffer 

C.  Kiser 

D.  M.  Crane,  .  .  . 
W.  Vernoy,    ..... 

A.  Vernoy, 

G.Turner, 

J.  Brown 

J.  Dembler 

A.Albert, 

L.  Lewis, 

J.  C.  BIddle,   .... 
J.  A.  Depew, .... 

J.  Harding 

J.  Druniean 

G.  W.  Esscr 

O.  A.  Peters 

J.  Clause 

L.  A.  Bellesfleld,  .  . 
E.  Workheiser.    .  . 

J.  T.  Santer 

J.  W.  Haguey j  Hellcrtown, 


Cornwall, 

Stroudsburg 

Dale  vi  lie 

do 

Parkside 

do 

Tanners  vi  lie,  .  .  .  . 

Dunnings, 

Easton 

do 

Houser  Mills,  .  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  .  < 

do.  ... 

Canadensis 

do.  ... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do.  .... 

do 

Ashland 

Delano 

Wilkesbarre,  .  •  . 
Beaver  Meadow,  . 
Mauch  Chunk,  .  . 

Jordan 

do.       

Catasau<iua.    .  •  • 

Easton 

Santee 


Lebanon,  .  .  • 
Monroe,  •  •  • 
Lackawanna, . 

do. 
Monroe,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

Northampton, 

do. 
Monroe 

do.      .  . 


A.  J.  Snyder, .  . 
E.  O.  McClellan, 
G.  L.  Gattworth, 
E.  M.  Nickey,  • 
C.  A.  Egalf,  .  . 
W.  H.  Dinkle,  . 
W.  H.  Swigert, . 


'  Plumsteadvillc, 
Harrisburg,     .  . 

Carlisle 

do 


26,  I  C.  S.  Hcckraau, 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 

do.      .  . 
Schuylkill, 

do. 
Luzerne,    . 
Carbon, 

do.        ... 

Lehigh,  .  .  . 

do.      ... 

do.      ... 

Northampton 


•     «     •     • 


•     •     •     • 


do. 

do. 


•     •     •     •   , 


Bucks.  .  .  . 
Dauphin,  .  . 
Cumberland, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,500 

2,800 

2,800 

S,S00 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,600 

2,800 

S,S0ii 

2,500 

2,600 

2,500 

2,800 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

3,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2..500 

2,500 

3,500 

3.ri00 

3,500 

2,500 

3,500 

3.500 

2.5a) 

2.500 

3,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,.'i00 

2,500 

£;,500 

2,500 

2.500 

'.■iOO 


78 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


79 


Brook  T^ovt— Continued. 


Feb.  26, 
28, 


•    •    •    • 


27, 

27, 

27, 

27, 

27. 

Mar.   3, 

'», 

5, 

5. 

5, 

5. 

S, 

S. 

5, 

5, 


(4, 

P. 

13, 

I.'J. 
13, 
13. 


A.  W.  Kyner, 
A.  Weida, 
A.  G.  Green,  .  .  . 
I.  Hanett,  .  . 

J.  K.  Flanncry,  . 
I).  S.  Phillips,  .  . 
F.  C.  Palmer,  .  . 
T.  I.  Dcipert,    .  . 

D.  L.  .Fones,    •  .  . 

C.  Shertz 

J.  (J.  Ulmcr,  .  .  . 
Sol.  Hoover,  .  .  . 
J.  H.  Hoover,  .  . 
L.  Seismasb,  .  .  • 
W.  H.  Cooper,  .  . 

E.  P.  n<rkhei8er. 

F.  W.  Berkbelser, 

G.  M.  .1  oh  neon,     ■ 
J.  H.  Krei«l(r,   .  . 
J.  H.  Moon,    .  . 
C.  n.  H«rr,        .  . 
Jno.  Hii'lebrand, 


Shippensburg,   .  . 
Wescosville,    •  •  • 

Reading, 

do.         

Douglasville,     . 

Pott4sville 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Dow 

do 

do 

do.      

Shenandoah,  .  .  . 
Lancaster,    .  .  ■  . 

Penn ■ 

Willow  Street,  . 
New  Pnovidencp, 
Green  Tree,     .  . 


D.  Y.  Wilson,    .... 

Thomas  Boyd Parkesburg 

J.  r*.  .\rmstrong,     ...  do. 

n.  S,  Thompson,  .  .  . 

J.E.  SIpe 

L.  n.  Spt-aker 

Ci.  Kotharniel,  .... 
<J.  W.  .^riiiHfrong,  . 
A.  V.  .MacDonald,  . 


Carlisle,  •  . 

do 

Hills  Grove,    . 

McEwensvllie, 

do. 


Cumberland,  .  .  .  . 

Lehigh. 

Berks 

do.         

do 

Schuylkill,   .... 
do.  .... 

do.  •      •  • 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

do.  ... 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

«lo.  .... 

do 

do.  .  .  .  • 

do 

do.  .  . 

Lancaster 

do.  .... 

do 

do 

Chester 

do 

do 

Cumberland,  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 

Sullivan, 

Northum>>erlaud, 
do. 


Altoonu HIaIr, 


.Jno.  Wister [  Duncannon, 

A,  O.  Adams i  Lebanon,  . 


Perry,     . 
Lebanon, 


R.  A.  Hell 

N.C.Miller,   .  .  . 

S.  Holmes 

.].  It.  Willinrnson, 
A.  Uinchart,  .  .  . 

V.  Koch 

M.  Silkman.    .  .  . 


.Stroudsburg I  .Monroe, 


do. 
do. 
do. 

Tannersville, 
Scranton. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Mai)h'WOfKl Wayne, 


2.500 

2.500 

7,500 

2,.tOO 

2,000 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,.JO0 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,50U 

•.i,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,ri00 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

5,000 

5.00O 

2,500 

3,500 

2,500 

8,500 

2,500 

3,500 

3,500 

2,S00 


Brook  Thovt— Continued. 


1SS9. 


Name  OF  applicant. 


PU8TOFF1CB. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fl>H 

Shipped. 


Mar.  13,     J.  Brink, 


13,     J.  H.  Wagenhorst, 
13.     J.  J.  Wagenhorst. 
13,  j  A.  Maginuif, 
13,  j  H.  L.Smith, 
13,     R.  H.Tralles.    . 
13,     J.  W.  Ailken, 
13,     T.  K.  Lathro|K>, 

13,     P.  Kos 

13,  I  F.  Sandt, 

13,  I  E.  Workheiser,     . 

15,  j  W.  Brown 

15.  '  E.  Frey 

15,     K.  T.  Frey,        .  . 
l.->,     J.  Wiley.        .  .  . 
15.  '  J.  T.  Golbreth,     . 
15,     T.  Z.  H.  Murphy, 
15,     U.  Hair 

E.  I'rey,       .  .  .  . 

R.  Rowbatton,  . 

D.  S.  Stewart.    . 

H.  Malloy 

•L  Burton 

W.  Sweet,    .  .  .  . 

P,  Dresher,     .  .  . 

W.  Hartman, 

J.  Foose,  .  . 

.1.  C.  Biddle, 
20,  }  S.  Humes.  . 
20,  J.  Sterner,  . 
20,     A.  Z.  Hade, 


15. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
IH. 


•       •       •       • 


20,  j  R.  W.  Short,  .  . 
20,  A.  B.  Kupp,  .  . 
20,  I  W.  U.  Denehey, 
20,  ;  (i.e.  Bent,  .  .  . 
30,  I  B.  Uell,     .  .  .  . 


20, 
20, 


H.  I>.  Green,  .  . 
C.  F.  Shindel,  . 
Z.  M.  Kaufman, 

.1.  .^f.  I)cnliiig«T. 


l)uniaf)rf.  ... 

Gouldbburo  Station. 

do.  

Swift  Water,   .   .  .  . 

Carbondale 

do 

do.  .  •  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Bangor 

do 

Easton,  .      

Druraore 

McCalls  Ferry,  .  .  • 
do.        do.      .  .  . 

New  Park 

Bryansvillo 

Woodbin*',       .  .  .  . 
York  Furnai-e,     •  . 
do.  do. 

Maluuioy  City,  .  .  ■ 
Beaver  Meadow. 

Freelaiid 

do 

«lo 

Shenandoah.  .  . 
do.  .  • 

do.  •  •  . 

I  Ashland 

Idaville 

<lo.  .  ■ 

Mechanlcuburg,    . 
do. 
d... 
Ilarriiiburir,     .   .  . 
do. 
do.  .   . 

Reading 

i    Tamaiiua, 
Sherl  Ian,  ... 
(JniffuStorc, 


Lackawanna,  ■ 
Wayne,     .  .  . 

do 

Monroe,  .  .  .  . 
Lackawanna,  ■ 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
Lancaster,    . 
do. 


.... 


o.  . 

York 

do.      .      .  . 

do 

do 

do.  .  . 

Schuylkill,  ■ 

Carbon,  .  .  . 

Luzerne,    .  . 

do. 

do.         .  . 
Schuylkill,  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Adani".   .   .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
(iimU-rland, 
do. 
do. 
Diiupliin, 
do.         .  . 
do.         .  . 
I  Dcrkji,    .  .  . 


8chuylkill. 

Lebanon.  . 

do.         . 


2,.'00 
3,<*/0J 
3,500 
5.000 
2.500 
2..500 

2,:>o0 

2.500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,5«' 

ijm 

:.'.tOO 

2,.'i00 

2,W0 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.V» 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,'i00 

2.MW 

2.500 

2..'.00 

2,:«) 

•,'..VI0 
2.5011 

•:,:**) 

2.50) 

'.'**) 

2.*00 

2.VII 


?! 


J 


(ft 


UKrollT  OF  THE 


[Off.  Doc. 


Fill.    •> 


Name  ok  Arri.icAKT.  j 


powTorrirE. 


1% 

8, 
8, 


A.  Mtllor 

M.  O.  Prko 

l\  K.  Hunliiig.  •  . 

J.  M.  From  Held,  .  . 

\V.  r.  Ulurnds,       •   • 

E.  \y.  TwaiMoll,      • 

W.  H.  Milk'KrtS,    . 

W.  II.  Ililli'vas.    . 

J.  W.  Shiirp.  Jr.,  .   . 

W.  U.  IlillamI,     . 

8.  F.  Hrown,  ... 

T.  nn)wii 

C.  B.  (.irubb,  •  •  • 

J.  Snavel.v,     •  •  « 

A.  Kellran,  •  •  • 
8,  \  D.  W.  P.  Kupp,  . 
fi,     D.  W.  P.  Kupp,    . 

1 

8,  I  C.  1.  Nes 

f.     A.  G.  Bowman,    . 
vS     E.  ll.Zicjrkr,    .  . 

11,  1  J.  D.  lUahm, .  . 

11,  ,  Sol.  Hoover,    .  .  . 

11,     G.  W.  Kennedy,  . 

11,     G.  H.  IK'  Long..  . 

11,     E.  G.  Hoover,    .  . 

11,     A.  SIJop|>ell,  .  .  . 

11,     F.  B.  P.  Spohrlcy, 

11,     E.  G.  HoovtT,    .  . 

11,     H.S.  Hoover,    .  . 

11.     .J.  P.  Stlue, .  . 

11,     II.  r.  Ent.    .  . 

11,     G.  M.  IKwalt, 

14,     S.  Mumma, .  < 

14,     H   Wilson,  . 

14,     S. . I.  Henderson, 

14,  I  8.  F.  Henderson, 

14.     H.  Fagler,   •  .  . 

14.     H.  C.  Dern,     .  . 

14. 

:4. 


COCNTT. 


Carbon •  •  • 

do.  

Philadelphia,  .... 

Delaware 

do.  


Mauoh  Chunk,  .  .  . 

Kn-HHrevllle 

FrankfonI 

Wayne, 

Cliester 

Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 

Pennsburg, Montgomery, 

do.         <lo. 

Berwyn Chester,  .  .  . 

Fra/.er ...  do.           •  • 

Goshen, Lancaster,    . 

do do- 

I^ncaster "^o. 

Lititz, j         "**»• 

do I         ^o- 

(Jibraltar, Berks 

do.        ^o.     .  .  .  . 

York York,  ... 

Stewartstown do.     ... 

do.               ....  do.     .  .  . 

Park  Place, Schuylkill, 


•     •      • 


Pottsville, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•  .  •  . 


do.         

Highsplre Dauphin, 

Gum  Tree Chester, . 

Pequa,    .......  Lancaster, 

do do. 

Reedsville Mifflin.    . 

Altoona Blair,  .  . 

.1.  A.  Loose Palmyra Lebanon, 

K.  Stout ."Jheridan do. 


No.  or  Fim 

SHIPPED. 


8,S00 
2,6UU 
2,500 
2,.'iOO 

2..T00 

•2jm 

•J,.tOO 

t;,.-)00 
:.',r.oo 

r-'.-'iOO 

2,50U 

2..W0 

•-',500 

2,300 

2,500 

2,.^00 

2..-J00 

2.500 

2..T00 

2,300 

S,800 

2,500 

2,500 

ijM 

2.fi00 
2,600 
2,500 
2,600 

2,.t00 

2.500 

2,51'0 

2,.t00 

2.500 

2,500 

2,.5l0 

2..-00 

2,5«X> 

2,MI0 


No.  19.] 


FiKH  COMMIHSIOSERH. 

Bkook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


77 


1880. 


Name  cif  Applicant. 


PosTorricE. 


CorsTY. 


Feb.  14,     E.  C.  Freeman, 
19,     J.  Edinger, 
19,  '  E.  E.  Dale. 
19,  ;  M.  W.  Hurley, 


Cornwall, Lebanon, 

Stroudsburg,  ....     I  Monroe, 


19, 

Ut, 

19, 

1», 

1», 

19, 

1». 

19, 

19. 

19, 

19. 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

19, 

21, 

21, 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21. 

21, 

21, 

23, 
23, 
23, 
26, 
26, 
28, 
26, 
26, 

26. 

2R. 


E.  U    Henry, 
E.  U.  Henry, 

C.  Brown 

U.  G.  Shoemaker, 
H.  M.  Kieffer,  .  . 
E.  B.  Mack,    .  .  . 

T.  Miller, 

L  Stauffer,  .  .  .  . 

C.  Kiser 

D.  M.  Crane,  .  . 
W.  Vernoy,    .  . 
A.  Vernoj-,  .  .  . 
G.  Turner,  .  .  . 
J.  Brown,    .  .  . 
J.  Dembler,    .  . 
A.Albert.    .  .  . 
L.  Lewis.  .... 
J.  C.  Blddle,    .  . 
J.  A.  Depew,  .  . 
J.  Harding,     .  . 
J.  Druniean,  .  . 
G.  W.  Esser,  .  . 
O.  A.  Peters,  .  . 
J.  Clause,     .  .  . 

L.  A.  liellesfleld. 

E.  Workheiser. 

J.  T.  Santer,  .  . 

J.  W.  Haguey,  . 

A.  J.  Snyder.  .  . 

E.  O.  McClellan, 

G.  L  Gattworth 

E.  M.  NIckey.    . 

C.  A.  Egalf,    .  . 

W.  H.  Dinkle,  . 

W.  H.Swigert, . 

C.  S.  Heckmau, 


•     •     «     • 


Dale  v1  lie 

do 

Parkside. 

do.     

Tannersville, 

Dunnings 

Easton,  ■  ■ 

do.       .      •      .  .  •  " 
Houser  Mills,  .  .  .  .  . 

do 

do.  .... 

Canadensis 

do.  ...      • 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do.  .  .  .  .  ' 

do.  

Ashland 

Delano 

Wllkesbarre 

Beaver  Meadow,  .  . 
Mauch  Chunk,  .  .  . 

Jordan 

do 

Catasauqua.    .  .  .  . 

Easton 

Santee 

Hellertown,    .  .  .  . 
!  Plumsteadville,    .  . 

Harrisburg 

Carlisle 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 


Lackawanna, . 

do. 
Monroe,  .... 

do 

do 

do 

Northampton. 

do. 
Monroe 

do.      .  . 


•     •     « 


do. 

do 

do 

do.      .  .  .      .  . 

do 

do 

d(. 

do 

do 

Schuylkill,  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 

Luzerne 

Carbon 

do 

Lehigh 

do 

do.      ..... 

Northampton,    . 
do.  . 

do.  . 

Bucks 

Dauphin 

Cumberland.  .  . 
do. 
do. 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  . 

do.  .  . 


N«».  <»r  Fisn 

SHIPPED. 


2..T0I) 
2..500 
2,800 

2,S0O 

2.500 

2,.'MX) 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,S0u 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,800 

2,500 

2,.V» 

2..')00 

2,500 

2,501) 

2..500 

2,.500 

2,800 

2.300 

2,.50U 

2..T00 

2.300 

2,300 

2..T00 

2,30C 

2..vin 

2..300 
2,500 

Ljim 

2,500 
2..%0 
3,500 


78 


Beport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


79 


Brook  Trout — Continued. 


Feb.  26,     A.  W.  Kyner, 

26.  A.  Weida,    .  . 
A.  G.  Green, 
I.  Barrett, 
J.  K.  Flannery, 
D.  S.  Phillips, 
F.  C.  Palmer, 
T.  I,  Dei  pert, 

2T,     D.  L.  .Jones, 

27,  C.  Shertz,  .  . 
27,     J.  G.  rimer, 

Sol.  Hoover, 
27.     J.  H.  Hoover. 
Mar.   5,     L.  Seismasb, 
5,     W.  H.  Cooper, 
5,     E.  P.  Bcrkheiser, 
5.     F.  W.  Berklieiser, 
5,     G.  M.  .lohnson,     • 
5,     J.  H.  Kreider,    .  . 
5,     J.  H.  Moon, 
8,     C.  B.  Htrr, 
5,     Jno.  Hiklebrand, 
5,     D.  Y.  Wilson, 
5,     Thomas  Boyd, 
5,     J.  li.  Armstrong', 
8,     B.  S,  Thompson, 
8,  I  .1.  E.  Sipe,     .  .  . 
8,     L.  B.  Speaker,    . 

8,     O.  Hotharmel |  McEwenavilie, 

8,  '  O.  W,  Armstrong, 
K  !  A.  P.  MncDonald, 
K     Jno.  Wister, 
H,     A.  G.  Adams, 
13,     E.A.  Bell,    . 
13,     N.  C.  Miller, 

i:j,     S.  Holmes 

13,     .1.  B.  Williamson, 
13,     A.  Uinehart, 
13,     V.  Koch.  .  . 
13.      H.Silkman, 


Brook  Trout—  Continued. 


1NJ9. 


Name  OF  Aphlicant. 


POSTOFFICB. 


COUNTV. 


No.  OF  FlsiH 

Shipped. 


Mar.  13,     J.  Brink, i  Dunraore, 


13,     J.  H.  Wagenhorst, 
13.     J.  J.  Wagenhorst. 

13,  j  A.  Maginuis 

13,  j  H.  L.Smith,  ... 

13,  !  R.  H.  Tralles.    . 
13,     J.  W.  Ailken,     ... 
13,     T.  It.  Latbroiie, 

13,     P.  Hoss 

13,  I  F.  Sandt 

13,     E.  Workheiser,     .  • 

15,  I  W.  Brown 

1.1,  '  E.  Frey, 

13,     K.  T.  Frey,        •  •  • 

l.-i,     J.  Wiley,      

15,  '  .].  T.  Golbreth,      .   . 
15,     T.  Z.  H.  Murphy,     . 

15,  !  R.  Bair |  York  Furnace,     . 

15.     E.  Urey,       j    do.  do. 

18,  I  R.  Rowbatton Mahanoy  lity,  .  . 

18,     D.  S.  Stewart i  Beaver  Meadow, 


Gouldfeboro  Station. 

do.  

Swift  Water,    .... 

Carboudale 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  -  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Bangor 

do 

Eaeton,  .      

Drumore 

McCalls  Ferry,  .  .  • 
do.        do.      •  •  • 

New  Park, 

Bryansville 

Woodbine. 


Lackawanna,  ■ 
Wayne,     ... 
do.       .  .  .  . 
Monroe, .  .  .  . 
Lackawanna,  ■ 
du. 
do. 
do. 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
Lancaster,    . 
do. 


18, 
18, 
18, 
It*. 
18, 


H.  Malloy :  Freeland 

J.  Burton do.  .  .  .  . 

W.  Sweet, do.  .  .  .  . 

P.  Dresher Shenandoah. 

W.  Hartman, i  do. 

18,     .1.  Foose *lo«  •  ■ 

18,     J.  C.  Biddle Ashland,    ... 

S.  Humes Idaville,     ... 

J.  Sterner, do. 

A.  Z.  Hade,     ......     Mechanicsburg, 

.      .  .  do. 

....  do. 


20, 

20, 

20, 

20,     R.  W.  Short, 

-•0,      A.  B.  Kupp, 


a),  1  W.  K.  Uenehey, 


Harrisburg, 

do. 

do. 
Reading,    ■ 


Mapl«'wo(Kl Wayne, 


M,  j  (J.  C.  Bent 

20,  I  B.  Keil 

2t),  j  H.  D.  Green 

20,     C.  F.  Shindel Taraa<iua,     . 

22,     Z.  M.  Kaufman SherlJan,  .  . 

;.':;,     .T.  .M.  Denlmger,      ...     Groffa  Store, 


o. 
York,  .  .  . 
do.      .      .  .  ..  • 

do 

do.      

do.  .  .  .  . 

Schuylkill.  .  .  . 

Carbon,  

Luzerne,    .  .  .  . 
do.  .      .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Schuylkill.  .  .  . 
do. 
.lo. 
do.  .  . 

Adam? 

do 

(■»iml>erland,  . 
do. 
do. 
Dauphin,      .  . 
do.         .  .  . 
do.        .  .  • 
I  Berks,     .  .  .  . 
Schuylkill,      . 
Lebanon,  .  .  . 
do. 


•     •      •      a 


2,r)00 

2,500 

5.000 

2,500 

2,900 

2,C00 

3.900 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.'.00 

'.f,500 

3,500 

2,500 

2..500 

2,,J00 

2,.tOO 

2,.'W) 

2.500 

2,500 

3..T00 

2.500 

2..T00 

3.500 

2..500 

2,500 

2,.V» 

2,t00 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,:«) 

3.500 
3..'i0<t 
3,.-»00 
2,.J00 

•:jm 

3.-00 

3..')00 


80 


Repobt  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout—  Continued. 


188!t, 


Mar.  23, 
•» 

MM, 

22. 
22, 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


J.  R.  Repler 

J.  Byers ■ 

L.  B.  Hcnson 

W.  A.  P.  Thompson, 

W.  W.  Mast 

E,  P.  Dickinson,  .  . 
S.  C.  Beaumont,  .  • 


PoSTOFFlCE. 


County. 


22,     C.  Yetter, 


22. 

22, 

26, 

26. 

26, 

26, 

36, 

26, 

26, 

26, 

26. 

26, 

2«. 

28, 

26, 

28, 

26, 

26, 

28, 

28, 

28, 

26, 

29, 

2f*, 

28. 

28, 

28, 

2?, 

20, 

2!\ 

2tt, 

2!i. 


G.  Snyder 

H.  F.  Livingston, 


Groffs  Store,^ 
Honey  brooli, 
Coatesville.  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Brojruevllle, 
do. 


John  Gould ;  Delaware, 


O.  Honebeak,    .  .  . 

J.  Williams 

G.  W.  Chamberlain, 
M.  V.  Price,    .  .  •  • 

H.  Schuyler 

G.  Vogcly 

G.  Bergstresser,  .  . 
R.  W.  Hoffman,   .  . 

D.  V.  Brodhead,  .  . 
H.  Bush 

E.  .\rndt 

H.  C.  Henry 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Lebanon, 
Chester, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
York,      . 
do.      .  . 
Pike,    .  . 
do.      .  • 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      •  • 
do.      .  . 

do.      . 

1 
do. 

do.       . 

do.       . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Parkslde Monroe, 

«1().  do. 

ill) do. 


J.  Anglcmeyer Euston Northampton, 


J.  W.  Carrell,       ... 
E.  Workhelser,     .  .  . 

E.  W.  Miller, 

R.  Newhard, .  . 

J.C.  Boj'le 

C.  Brown 

G.  W.  Reck 

E.  H.  Ripi>el,  .... 

E.  H.  RipiKjl 

r.  A.  .**chuniuker.    . 

F.  Wallace 

W.  P.  Taylor,  Jr., 
C.  (Jossuch,        ... 

W.  Patton 

n.  B.  Longker Rerwyn 

.1.  W.  Sharp,  .1r.,  '         do. 


do Jo. 

do.        <iO' 

do do. 

Howser  Mills,     •  .  Monroe. .  .  . 

Clifton Lackawanna, 

Tannersville Monroe, .  .  . 

White  Haven,  .  .  .  .  |  Luzerni>,    .  . 

do.         do <lo.  .  ■ 

do.         do do 


do.         do.        .  .  .  do. 

do.         do do. 

Rockport I  Carbon, 

Oxfonl Chester, 

do '       do. 

;       do. 

do. 


2,500 

2,.700 

2..500 

2,500  * 

2..">00 

2..500 

•.i..=>00 

L',.-i00 

2,.50tJ 

2,5C4J 

2,.'j00 

2,.-)00 

2..VI0 

2,.'>00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.900 

2,500 

2,800 

2.900 

3.500 

2,500 

2,.500 

2.900 

2,500 

2..V)0 

2..-)00 

t.',.'J00 

'-'..'JOO 

2  300 

2..J00 

2,.'j00 

2,.'><iO 

S.-'jOO 

2,.'J00 

2,.'i00 

2.500 

2.900 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


81 


Brook  Troxjt—  Continued. 


1889. 


Nahk  OF  Applicant. 


Mar.  29, 
29, 
29. 
29, 
29. 
Apr.    1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 
1, 
1. 
I, 
1. 
1. 
L 
1, 
1, 
1, 
3. 
3, 
3. 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3. 
3. 
3. 
3. 
8, 
8, 
8. 
8, 
8, 
8. 
8. 
8. 
8, 
8, 
8, 


P.  J.  Walsh 

L.  H.  Twaddell,  ... 
W.  W.  Twaddell,  .  • 
E.  W.  Twaddell.  .  •  • 
E.  B.  Twaddell,    •  •  • 

A.  J.  Craig 

G.  W.  Skinner,  ... 
W.  A.  Trille 

D.  Johnson 

P.  W.  Snyder, 

W.  W.  Frantz,      .  .  • 

S.  C.  Plank 

H.  C.  Dern ,•  • 

H.  C.  Dern 

A.  King 

H.  Shoemaker,  .  .  .  . 

J.  W.  OemmlU,     .  .  . 

G.  W.  Brooks,    .  .  .  . 

F.  B,  Speakman,  .  •  • 

G.  T.  Alleger 

J.  D.  Knight 

W.  Histen 

W.  J.  Price 

M.  D.  Price 

W.  H.  Detrlck, .  .  .  . 

E.  H.  Fisher 

G.  Wagner.  .... 
G.  H.  Fanseen.  .  . 
E.  E.  Hooker  &  Son, 
E.  D.  Huffman.  .  . 
H.  Huffman,  .... 
J.  P.  Mutchler,     .  . 

N.  M.  Lesh 

J.  B.  Heller 

J.  B.  Archbald,  .  . 
W.  C.  Henry,  ... 
G.  H.  Rhoads,  •  .  ■ 
I.  S.  Case,  .... 
N.  S.  Brlttaln.  •  .  . 
H.  F.  Krauler,     .  . 

6-19-91. 


P08T0FFICF.. 


CODNTY. 


No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


Burmont, 

Philadelphia.  .   •  . 
do.  •  • 

do.  .  •  • 

do.  •  -  • 

Big  Cove  Tannery, 

do.         do. 
Waynesboro,  .   .  . 
do. 

do.  .  .  • 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  .  .  . 

Altoona 

do 

Bedford, 

do 

Brogueville,    .  •  • 
Coatesville.  .  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  .  . 

Bartonsville.  .  .  • 
Clarks  Green, .  .  . 
Carbondale,  .  .  .  . 
Canadensis,  ... 
dd.         .  .  • 
Analomiuk,     .  • 
Scranton,  .... 
Mount  Pocono.  . 
do,  do. 

do.  do. 

Marshalls  Creek, 
do.  do. 

Stroudsburg,  .  • 
Neola,  •  •  • 

do 

Scranton 

Parkside 

Tobyhanna,     .  . 
do.  ... 

do.  ... 

do. 


Delaware,     .  . 

Philadel|)hia,  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Fulton,  .   .  .  . 

do 

Franklin.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 


do.         .  .  • 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

Blair.      .  .  .  . 

do 

Bedford,    .   •  . 
do. 

York 

Chester 

do.       .  .  .  . 
Monroe.     .  • 
LacKawanna. 

do. 

Monroe,  .  .  . 

do.       ■  •  • 

do.       ... 

Lackawanna, 

Monroe. .  .  • 

do.       ■  .  . 


•     •     • 


do.       .  •  • 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       ... 

do.      ... 

do.       .  .  . 

do.      ... 
Lackawanna, 
Monroe,  .  .  . 

do.       ... 


do. 
do. 
du. 


.... 


2.600 
2.500 
2.900 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500  ■ 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2..'i00 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.900 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,0)0 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2.000 


82 


Rebort  of  the 


LOff.  Doo. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


83 


Brook  Thout— Continued. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICB. 


Apr.    8,     W.  H.  Caae.    .  •  • 

8,     J.  T.  Stoker,  .  •  • 

11,     J.  W.  Gruber,   .  . 

11,     J.  Stroud 

11,     W.  L.  Haeny, 
11,     S.  S.  Hayes,    •   •  • 
11,     J.  J.  Wagenherst, 
11,     J.  M.  Woodllng,  . 
11,     P.  F.  Fulmer, 
11,     J.  Westbrook,    •  • 

11,     J.Cook, 

11,     E.  F.  Peters,  •  •  • 

11,     H.  Peters 

11,     F.  Burs 

11,     J.  Cole 

17,     A.  F.  Seasle,  .      . 
17,     J.  E.  Uichmond,  . 
17,     F.P.  Kimble,     •  . 
17,     J.  B.  Eldred,  .  . 
17,     W.  R.  Stone,  .  . 
17,     P.  S.  Barnes,   •  . 
17,     F.  V.  Carr,  .  •  . 
17,     O.  L.  Rowland, . 
17,     C.  A.  McAleeter, 

17,     W.  Shevley,    .  . 

17,     R.  W.  Brady, .  . 

17,     R.  W.  Brady,  .  . 

17,     G.  S.  Pui-dy,    .  . 

17,     E.  C.  Mumford, 

17,     Frank  Mang,     . 

22,     R.  B.  Beahm,     . 

22,  I  M.  H.  Kehler.    . 

22,  1  H.  Brelch,    •  .  . 

32,  !  J.  Slngley,  •  •  • 

22,  '  E.  Miller 

22,     S.  Miller 

22,     E.  Hahn 

22,     F.  McMelis,     .  . 

22.     S.  W.  Trimmer, 

22,     T.  Tuctaer, 


Tobyhanna,     .  .  .  • 
Petronia, 

Tobyhanna  Mills,    . 
Gouldsboro  Station, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 

Sciota 

Dingmans  Ferry ,   . 
do.  do. 

Bushkill, ' 

do.  

do.  

do.  

do 

Honesdalc 

do.  .... 


•     •      •      • 


do>  •  •  ' 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do 

do.  .  . 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  .  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

Mud  Run,     .  . 
Ringtown,    .  . 
do.  •  • 

Zions  Grove, 
do.       do. 
do.       do. 
do.       do. 
Upper  Leiiigb, 
White  Haven, 
Bear  Creek,  . 


County. 


Monroe,     • 
Wayne,  ... 
Monroe,  .  • 
Lackawanna, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Moaroe, .  •  • 

Pike,    .... 

do 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Wayne, 

do. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.        •  • 
do.        •  < 
do. 
Carbon,  . 
Schuylkill 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lujserne, 
do. 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


.  .  .  . 


.  •  •  • 


2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

8,000 

S,000 

2,000 

2,000 

4,000 

1,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

3,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

4.000 

2,000 


Brook  Trout — Continued. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


Apr.  22, 
22, 

24,  ! 
34,  ' 

24,1 
34, 

36, 

38, 

36, 

28, 

38, 

28, 

36, 

26, 

26, 

36, 

36, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

May    3, 

3, 

3. 

3, 

3, 

3, 

3, 

3, 


J.  P.  Crawford,    ....  Wilkesbarre, 

C.  E.  Butler, do. 

S.  B.  Sturdeford do. 

A.Cole Rockport, 

J.  J.  Frick York, 

J.  R.  Wiley, Gatcbelville, 

D.  Brown, Lancaster 

H.  C.  Demuth, do. 

O.  Leman '         do. 


P08T0PF1CE. 


F.  J.  Menzel,     Dow,    .  . 

G.  Schauber,     do.      .  . 

J.  Miller do.      .  . 

E.  Hummel, do.      .  . 

A.  B.  Glinenger, ....  Lebanon, 


A.  J.  Light,     .  . 
J.  G.  Adams,     < 
J.  W.  Jackson, . 
8.  C.  Edwards,  . 
S.  C.  Edwards, 
H.  M.  Fuller, 
J.  K.  Newell,     , 
W.  H.  Kintner, 
O.  Wagner,    . 
T.  Stern,  .  .  . 
R.  Gurley,  .  . 


do 

Lebanon 

Joanna  Furnace, 
Dauphin,  .... 

do 

Harrisburg,    .  . 

Wyalusing,  .  .  . 

do.  .      • 

White  Haven,    . 

PittStOD 

Lopez, 


T.  Ackley,  .......    Monroetown, 


W.  H.  Deegans, 
M.  J.  Lull,  .  .  . 


Dusbore, 
Bernice, 


J.  M.  Uobm :  Towanda, 


J.  P.Taylor,  . 
.1.  West,  .  .  . 
W.  S.  Kelly,  . 
M.  Gilpen,  .  . 
F.  R.  Ash,  .  . 
W.  J  Sellers,  . 
E.  Hagert, 
D.  R.  Camden, 
C.  Kepler,  .  . 
I  D.  W.  Bush,  . 
H.T.  Saber.    . 


•     •     •     • 


Montrose, .  .  .  . 

Sheldon 

Wilkesbarre,  .  . 
Nobletown,  .  .  . 
Parksidc,      .  .  . 

do 

do 

Bangor 

Clifton 

Marshall  Creek, 

do.  do. 


CODNTY. 


Luzerne 

do 

do.         .  .  .  < 

Carbon 

York 

do 

Lancaster,    .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

Schuylkill,   .  . 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  .  • 

Lebanon.  .  .  . 

do.  ... 
Lebanon,  .  .  . 

Berks 

Dauphin,  .  .  . 

do.         .  .  • 

do.  ... 
Bradford,  .  .  . 

do.  ... 
Luzerne,    . 

do.  ... 
Sullivan,  .  .  . 
Bradford, .  .  . 
Sullivan,   .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Bradford,  .  . 
Susquehanna, 

do. 
Luzerne,   .  .  . 
Lickawanna, 
Monroe,     .  .  . 

do 

do 

Northampton, 
Lackawanna, 
Monroe,     .  .  . 


No.  or  F;8H 
Shipped. 


do. 


2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

3,000 

1,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2.000 

4.000 

3,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

3.1100 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 


*■ 


84 


Keport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc 


Brook  TmuT—Gontimied. 


J.  H.  Uhrich, 
A.  Z.  Hade, 
R.  H.  Thomas, 
C.  Murdock, 
J.  D.  Miller, 
R.  W.  Short 

E.  C.  Gardner 

F.  S.  Mumma 
O.S.  Comstock 
W.  S.  Balso,    . 
J.  8.  Weaver 

31,     ,1.  J.  Hlnkle 

Feb     4,     J.  L.  Grim •  j  Hellertown 

4,     H.  D.  Heller '1" 

4,  '  C.  J.  Waidman, 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


86 


Brook  Trout  Fby— Continued. 


1890.       Name  of  Applicant. 


Feb.    4,     F.  L.  Felor 

4.     H.  H.  Dash 

I 
4,  I  H.  B.  Luckenbacb, 

4.     J.  F.  Rauch 

J.  A.  Mack 

C.  H.  Frankenfleld, 

A.  S.  Shimer,  .  .  .  . 

I.  H.  Shimer,     .  .  . 


4, 
4, 
4. 
4, 

4. 


POSTOFFICE, 


Hellertown, 
Bethlehem, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do. 


G.  B.  Rltter '  Santee, 


4,  I  J.  Lynn. 

4.  !  V.  F.  Erdley, 


J.  J.  Bruce, 
J.  Clemens, 
7,     J.  F.  Frllch, 


E.  J.  Sellers, 


I 


7,  i  A.  Bieber, 


7, 
7, 
7, 
7, 
7, 
•• 
7, 
7, 


n. 
11, 
u, 
lU 


.  C.  W.  Snyder,  .  . 
C.  W.  Sellers,  .  . 
W.  H.  Goodman, 


Freemansburg, 

do. 
Raston,  .... 
Doylestown,   . 
Kutztown.   .  . 

do.         •  .  . 

do.         ... 

do.         .  .  . 

do.         •  .  . 
Bethel,      .  .  . 


J.  L.  Bechtel, Reading, 


I.  Barrett 

H.  R.  Green 

H.  D.  Green, 

S.  M.  Meredith,  .  .  . 
S.  M.  Meredith.  .  .  . 
J.  W.  Klingler,    .  .  . 


do.  .  • 
do.  •  • 
do.  .  . 
do.  •  • 
do.  .  . 
Stouchsburg, 


S.  Hoover Pottsville, 


M.  S.  Hoover, 
C.  Herbrick,  . 
E.  G.  Hoover, 


11,     J.  McGinnis, 


11. 
II, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 


D.  S.  Phillips,  . 
D.  L.  J  ones,  •  . 
G.  W.  Kennedy. 
T.  I.  Dcipert,     . 

B.  C.  Weidman, 
F.  Roseberry,  . 
W.  Kinsey,     • 

C.  W.  Parkin, 
J.  S.  Russell,  ■ 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


County. 


Northampton, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

dc. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Bucks,    •  .  . 
Berks,    .  •  • 
do.      ... 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
Schuylkill, 

do 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•     •     • 


2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2JS00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,.t00 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,5«X) 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2,.tU0 

2,500 

2..500 

2.500 

2,500 


I 


86 


Beport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


87 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Gontinmd. 


1890.       Name  OF  Applicant. 


Feb.  11,     J.  S.  Russell. 


14, 
14. 
14. 


J.  A.  Loose. 

G.  Leaman, 

!  G.  Kircher, 


14, 

14 

14. 

14, 

14, 

14. 

14, 

14. 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14. 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17. 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17, 

17. 

17, 

17, 

20, 

20. 

20, 

20. 

20, 

ao. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Pottsville.    .....:  Schuylkill, 

Palmyra,      Lebanou,  . 


J.  Koover, 

J.  Bowman 

8.  Bowman 

W.  D.  Eaby, 

E.  Risser 

W.  Martin 

S.  D.  Park, 

T.  Boyd 

J.  L.  Armstrong,    •  •  • 

W.  S.  Pence 

G.  M.  Jones 

E.  Blankenbeler,    .  •  • 

M.Walsh 

J.  Y.  Klrby 

B.  N.  Bitus,    ...... 

W.  A.  Frantz, 

N.  T.  Beadle, 

M.  L.  Daddon 

M.  J.  Carroll 

S.  Houseknecht 

C.  M.  Evans,  .... 

J.  Brown 

Georg-e  De  Long.    .  • 

D.  McGurl,     

H.C.  Ent 

F.  B.  P.  Spehrley.  .  • 
F.  B.  P.  Spehrley,  .  . 

S.  Shutz, 

8.  Hoover 

S.  Hoover 

J.  S.  Havok 

F.P.Sharkey 

W.  O.  Esser 

E.  M.  Mulhearn,  .  .  . 
E.  R.  Simmers, .... 
J.  S.  Loose 


Lancaster,    .  •  . 
do.  .  •  . 

Lititz 

Kmzers 

do 

Compassville, .  . 

do.  *  . 

do.  •  . 

Parkesburg.   .  • 

do. 

do.  •  • 

Coatesville,  .  .  • 

Cain 

Pomeroy 

St.  Clair 

do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  .  .  • 
do.  •  •  • 
do.  .  .  • 
do.  •  •  • 
do.  ... 
do.  .  •  • 
PottBville,  .  . 
do.  .  • 
do. 

do.  •  • 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do. 

do.         .  • 
Mud  Run. .  .  • 
Mauch  Chunk, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Lancaster, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Chester, .  . 
do.      .  • 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 
do. 

do.      .  . 
do.      .  • 
Schuylkill, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
CarVxjn,  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do.       • 


No.  OF  Fl8H 

Shipped. 


2..')00 

5,ax) 

2,500 

2.r)00 

2.;-,00 

2,5ai 

2,500 

2,500 

2,fJ00 

2,500 

2,500 

7,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

3.S00 

2,S00 

2.000 

2,800 

2,900 

2,800 

2,800 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

7,500 

2.500 

2..'J00 

2,.'ino 

2.500 
2,500 
2.50(1 
2,50(^1 
2,500 
2,500 


Brook  Trodt  FBY—Continited. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Feb.  20.     J.  S.  Lentz, 
20,  I  J.  S.  Lentz, 


22,  H.  L.  Moore,  .  .  .  . 

22,  C.  B.  Metzger,  .  . 

22,     B.  F.  Roth 

22,     F.  Eberts 

22,  C.  A.  Shoemaker, 

22,  J.  8.  Frlanl,    .  .  . 

22,     E.  Smith 

22,  G.  F.  Riplpe,  .  .  . 

22,  C.  M.  Driggs,     .  . 

22,     D.  Dinnan 

22,  A.  C.  Snyder,     .  . 

22,  D.  W.  Levan,     .  . 

22,  I.  A.  Driggs,  •       . 

22,  G.  W.  Keck,   .   .  . 

22,  J.  R.  Smith,    .  .  . 

22,  E.  Fattershall,     . 

22,  J.J.  Baker,    .  .  . 

22,     J.  Scott, 

22.  E.  J.  Smith.    .  .  . 

24,  8.  Hagcrty,     .  .  . 

24,  A.  C.  Loder.    .  .  . 

24,  J.  H.  Fetherman. 

24,  J.  E<liuger,  .  .  .  . 

24.  H.  W.  Kisler,    .  . 

24,  D.  Edinger.     .  .  . 


Packerton, Carbon. 


24. 
24, 
34. 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 


F.  H.  Hess,  .  . 
W.  D.  Palmer, 
W.  Kautz,  .  . 
E.  A.  Bell, 
8.  Holmes,  •  . 
J.  E.  Williams, 
E.  Marsh,  . 
W.  Wilson, .  . 
H.  A.  Marsh,  . 


>      •      • 


24,  1  A.  Metzger, 


24, 


J.  A.  Harps,    .  .  . 
J.  A.  Fetherman, 


24,  I  G.  P()»9iiiger, 


do.  ... 

Wilkesbarre,  .  . 
do.  .  . 

do.  •  • 

Morsehead.  .  .  . 
Lehigh  Tannery, 
do. 
do. 
White  Haven,     . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  • 

do, 
Stroudsburg.  .  . 
do. 

do.  .  • 

do. 

do.  .  ■ 

do. 

do.  .  • 

do.  .  ' 

do.  .  ' 

do.  .  < 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  • 

Stormvllle,  .  . 

SnydersviUe,  . 

do.  . 

Heeders,     .  •  . 


do. 
Luzerne, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Monroe. 
do. 

i     do. 

I 

;     do. 

do. 
\  do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
i.o. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,!)00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.i00 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2..i00 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2..500 

2,500 


f. 
t 


88 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


89 


Brook  Trout  Yry— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant, 


POSTOrFICK. 


Feb.  24,     A.  Singer 

""      M,  Luther  Michael, 
97      C.  S.  Kistler 

E.  Huasicker,  .  .  . 

J.  Edmyer 

W.  H.  Smelson, 

E.  Hunsicker,  .  .  . 
27,  A.  J.  Coolbaugh,  . 
37,  C.  E.  Van  Allen, .  . 
27,  J.  P.  Wethenll,  .  . 
27,  C.  Wetherill,  .  . 
27,  H.  A.  J.  Wllkens,  . 
27,  W.  S.  Cartrlght.  .  . 
27,     W.  S.  Wintereteen, 

27,     J.  K.  Miller 

27,     M.  J.  Kyan 

27,     W.  A.  Stelnsmiller, 
37,     W.  Hufsmith,       .  . 
Mar.    1,     J.  Butz, 


1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1, 

1. 

1, 


1, 
1, 
1. 
1, 

1. 

'1. 

1, 


•     •     • 


O.  Kresge,  . 

J.  Gregory, 

S.  Krege,     . 

T.  Altemose, 

F.  Kresge,  . 

M.  Kresge, . 

N.  M.  lieeh. 

H.  Hobbs 

F.S.  Getter 

A.  Boltz, 

1,  !  C.  Bossard, 

1,     W.  Miller 

M.  Miller,    .  . 

M.  A.  Withers, .  .  . 

K.  L.  Jones,    .  .  .  . 

A.  E.  Smith 

B.  B.  McClure, .  .  • 
J.  R.  Hummel,  .  .  . 
M.  C.  Luckenbach, 
L.  W.  Snyder.    .  .  . 


Reeders,    .  . 
Shawnee, 
Bartonviile, 
Stroudsburg, 

do. 

do 
Stormsville, 
Coolbaughs, 

do. 
Bethlehem,  . 
Philadelphia, 
Bethlehem,  ■ 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Saylinsburg, 
Gilbert,  .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 


County. 


.3,  i  T.  n.  Geiger, 


do. 

do.        •  • 
do.        .  . 
do. 
Seiotn.     .  • 
do. 
do. 

do.        .  t 
do. 
Appenzell, 

do. 
Wind  Gap, 
do. 
do. 
Bath,  .  .  . 
Bethlehem, 
do. 
do. 
St.  Clair.    . 


Mouroe,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do.        .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

Northampton, 
Phiiadelpbiai  • 
Northampton, 


No.  OF  Fisn 
Shipped. 


.... 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Monroe, ... 

do 

do.       .  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  • 

do 

do 

do 

do.       .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Northampton. 
<lo. 
do. 
do.  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Schuylkill.    . 


*     •     •     » 


2,500 
10,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,600 

2,500 

2,800 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

2,600 

8,600 

2,500 

2.500 

2,.'K)0 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.'i00 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,600 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicaitt. 


Mar.   3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3. 
3, 
8, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
3, 
5, 
8, 
5. 
6, 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5. 
6, 
5, 
5, 
6, 
6, 
5, 
6, 
6, 
5, 
6, 
5, 
5. 
5, 
5. 


POSTOFFICE. 


C.  Frantz, 

J.  P.  Stone 

J.  P.  Stone, 

A.  Shappell 

A.  Shappell,  .  .  .  . 

B.  C.  Weidman 

B.  C.  Weidman,    .  .  .  . 
W.  Scheerer, 

C.  SlUyman 

W.  Sheetz 

J.  H.  Hoover,   .  .  .  .  . 

W.  Ulmer, 

J.  S.  Uimer ■ 

S.  Bedford 

J.  Deck ■ 

C.  W.  Parkin 

D.  L.  Wetzel,     .  •  •  • 

A.  S.  Foust, 

P.  A.  Ahl  &  Bro.,    .  . 

L.  L.  Spinger 

W.  Lee  Rhodes,    .  .  • 

L.  Hertzler 

W.  H.  Bppley 

J.  W.  Humer,    ■      .  . 
Q.  L.  Germc'vor.  .  .  . 
Q.  L.  Oath  worth,    . 
H.  E.  Jacobs,     .... 
H.  W.  Caufnian,     .  . 

W.  E.  Miller 

J.  E.  Monger,  .... 
C.  8.  Heckman,  .  . 
O.  W.  Heckman.  .  . 
E.  W.  Wontolamxt,  . 

8.  C.  Plank 

W.  W.  Frantz 

P.  M.  Snider,     .  .  .  . 

O.  W.  Batelcr 

W.  A.  Trittle 

DeWitt  C.  Cnger,  . 
S.  Uuctlick, 


St.  Clair,       .  . 

Pottsville,    .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  • 

do. 

do.  .  • 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  • 

do.  .  • 

do. 

do.  •  . 

do. 
do. 

do.  .  . 

do. 

do.  •  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

Newv'ille,  .  .  . 

Edenvilie,    .  . 

Greencastle,    . 

Shippensburg, 

Carlisle,  •  .  .  . 

do.       .  <  •  • 


•  •  •  •  • 


do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
Waynesboro, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


County. 


Schuylkill, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.         . 
do. 
Cumberland, 
Franklin, .  . 
do.        •  . 
Cumberland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
<lo. 
do. 
do. 
Franklin,     . 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
5,000 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,.500 
2,500 
10,000 
5,000 
2.500 
5,000 
2,50) 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,5a> 
2,500 
2,.t00 
2.500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,500 
2;i00 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
3.500 


¥ 


90 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


91 


Brook  Trout  Fm— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  AppIiICANt. 


Mar.  11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13. 
13, 
18, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
18. 
13, 
18, 
13, 
18, 
15, 
16, 
18, 
IB, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
15, 


J.  B.  Gemraall,     •  • 
J.  C.  Hammond,  . 
J.  H,  McConley,  . 
D.  S.  Nes, 
A.  J.  GlOBsbrcnner. 

H.  Young 

I.  B.  K  linger,     .  .  • 

J.  G.  Rich 

1.  M.  Kline 

T.  Montgomery,  ■  . 
P.  Houser,  ... 
C.  H.  Bomberger. 

C.  B.  Herr 

D.  Riley, 

C.  S.  Herr 

D.  W.  B.  Kubb. 

C.  Yetter 

W.  W.  Mast,  ... 
J.  H.  Schrock,  .  . 
J.  A.  Gingrich,  .  . 
J.  M.  Baltcsger,  . 
J.  S.  Degler,  .  .  . 

John  Rick 

James  Rick,  .  .  . 
J.  Whitman,  .  .  . 
J.  A.  Hieston,  .  ■ 
J.  Kauffman,  .  . 
J.  J.  Houck,  .  .  . 

W.  H  Schall,    .  . 

I.  Dickinson,     .  . 

H.  B.  Best 

A.  Trausiie,    .  .  • 

W.  Evans,    .... 

8.  Place 

A.  Albert,   .... 

J.  M.  Wagner,  .  . 

LalMjn  Lewis,    .  • 

J.  Brewer,  .  .      . 

Liiben  Lewis,    .  • 

Labeu  Lewis,    •  • 


POSTOFFICK. 


Stewartstown,   .  . 

do. 
Wrightsville, ... 

York 

do 

do 

Bethel.      .      •  •  • 

do 

do 

Quarryville,    . 
Mechanics  Grove.l 

Lititz 

Willow  Street,   .  . 

Marietta, 

do 

Oibralter, .... 
Morton  ville,  .  .  . 
Coatesville. .... 

do 

Reading, 

StrausstowD,  .  •  • 
do.  .  .  . 

Reading 

do.         .      .  .  . 


do 

do         

do.         

do.         

do 

do 

Morgantown,  .  .  . 

Shawnee, 

Mountain  House, 
Canadensis,  .  .  .  - 
do 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


County. 


No.  OP  FiBH 
Shipped. 


York,  .  . 
do.      .  •  • 
do.      .  .  . 
do.      .  .  . 
do.      .  .  . 
do.      .  .  . 
Berks,     .  . 
do.       .  . 
do.       .  • 
Lancaster, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Berks, 
Chester,  • 
do. 
do. 
Berks,     . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Monroe, . 
do.      . 
do.       . 
do.       . 
do. 

do.  . 
do.  . 
do.  . 
do.       . 


2,500 

2.500 

2..T00 

2.500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,rj00 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.'j00 

2,.-)00 

2,.'J00 

2.500 

2.500 

2,.t00 

2,500 

tflBO 

8,800 

8,600 

2500 

2.500 

ijsm 

2,800 
2,800 
2,600 
2,600 

2,500 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  or  applicant. 


Mar.  15, 
15, 
15, 
18, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
15, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
IS. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 


M.  K.  Fish 

W.  Price 

S.  H.  Price, 

W.  J.  Price 

W.  D.  Brice, 

J.  McCormick 

R.  Aenbart 

I.  Stauffer 

F.  Stuard, 

T.  Miller 

Chas.  Kiser 

J.  Anglemeyer,    .      .  . 

D.  S.  LaBar,      

U.  G.  Fish, 

E.  V.  LaBar 

N.  R.  Detrich 

Harry  Bush,      .... 

E.  Arndt, 

W.  E.  Henry  &  Son,  . 

W.  C.  Henry 

Lewis  Price,  ... 

S.  Dietrick 

J.  Kesterbock 

E.  Hayert 

W.  J.  Sellers,     •  •  •  ■ 

M.  6.  Sellers 

Eugene  Henry,    .  .  . 
W.D.Cobb 

D.  G. Shannon,    .  .  • 

J.  B.  Shaw 

S.  D.  Oartleld 

E.  L.  Brodhead  , .  .  . 

M.  Hauser, 

H.  Hauser, 

D.  Frederick,    .  .  .  . 
John  D.  Broadhead. . 

J.  M.  Flayler 

M.  G.  Fish. 

A.  H.  Fetherman,  .  . 
C.  U.  McDuuougb,  .  • 


P08T0FFICB. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Canadensis 

do 

do.         

do 

do 

do.         •  •  •  • 
House  Mills,    .... 
do.  •  •  • 

do.  •  •  .  • 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

Easton 

Analomink,     .  . 
do.  .... 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

Parkside, 

do 

do 

do 

do.         

do.        

do.         

do 

do 

do.         

do.         

do 

Delaware  Water  Gap, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do.' 
do. 
do. 

Barton  ville 

East  Stroudsburg,   .  . 

Bossardville,  .  .  .  .  < 

do.  .  .  .  .  . 


Monroe,     .  -  • 

do 

do 

do 

do.      •  •      • 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do.  .  .  .  . 
Northampton. 
Monroe.  ■  •  . 

do.      ... 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•     •     « 


2,500 
2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,.500 

2..-)00 

2,500 

2..5fl0 

2,500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2..'JO0 

2,500 

2,.tOO 

2,500 

2..500 

2,rm 

2..T00 

2,500 

2,500 

2..T00 

'^,!iO0 

2,500 

2.500 

2,.'K» 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2..500 

2,.'i00 

2,.i00 

2..T00 

2.r.»ii) 

2,.t00 

2,500 

2,.')00 

2..')00 

2..T00 

5,000 


(T 


92 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  15/] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


93 


Brook  Trout  Fuy— Continued. 


18«0. 


22, 
22, 
22. 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICB. 


1 


B.  F.  Fransur,  . 
B.  F.  Miller,  .  • 
M.  A.  Bush,  .  . 
D.  W.  Bush,  .  . 
John  Fraily,  .  . 
S.  Rinehart,  .  . 
John  Hamblin, 
A.  Maginnis,     . 


22,     Jos.  Holland. 


22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 
22, 

24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 


S.  Younghouse,  . 
C.  K.  Ander,  .  •  . 
E.  E.  Hooker,  .  . 
E.  E.  Hooker,  Jr., 
L.  Transen,  .  •  • 
L.  B.  Smith,   .  .  . 


Analomink,    .  . 

Marshalls  Creek, 

do. 

do. 

Appcnzell,   .  >  • 

do.         ... 
Bwiltwater, .  .  ■ 

do.        •  •  . 

do.         ... 

do.  •  • 

Mt.  Pocono,    .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  • 

do.  .  . 

do. 


County. 


Chas.  Brown, Tannersville,  • 

C.  Brown do. 

G.  W.  Warner, i  do. 

Owen  Eckert ,  Hickory  Run, 

G.  H.  Miller \  Weatherly,      . 

H.  Sllbach,     ......  |  Mauch  Chunk, 


J.  Meighan \  do. 

I 
24,     C.  A.  Dundore 1  Fountain  f»pring, 

24.  j  J.  C.  Biddle,   .....;  Ashland,    .  .      .  . 

David  Hunt Catasautiua,    •  • 

8.  W,  Trimmer,    ....    White  Haven,    . 


24, 
24, 
84, 
24, 
84. 
24, 
34, 


S.  W.  Trimmer,    . 

8.  8.  Stapler,  -  .  . 

J.  Scott 

C.  P.  Knapp.     .  . 

E.  W.  Campbell,  . 
24,  j  E.  B.  Long,     .  .  . 
24,  i  John  S.  Harding, 
24,     O.  M.  HarcMng,     . 


84, 
34, 

28, 
38, 
38. 
28, 


A.  A.  Miller,  .  .  . 
C.  H.  Price,  .  .  . 
Robt.  Imcs  &  Co., 
R.  Gersbacher,  .  . 
C.  KresslcT.  .  .  . 
J.  O.  Boyle,    .  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
Wyoming,    . 
Pittston,    .  . 
do.         .  • 
WUkesbarre, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Elmhurst, 
Clifton.  .  . 
do.      .  . 
do.      .  . 


...... 


Monroe, 

do 

do 

do 

do.         .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do.      

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Carbon, .... 

do 

do 

do 

Schuylkill,   . 
do.  •  . 

Lehigh 

Luzerne,  .  .  . 
do.  •  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  •  .  . 
do.  .  >  . 
do.  .  • 

do.         .  .  • 
do. 
do. 
Lackawanna, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  OP  Fish 
Shipped. 


8.S00 
2,600 

8.600 
8,600 
2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,5<i0 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

3,500 

3,600 

2,600 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 


Brook  Trout  Ywl— Continued. 


1890. 


Mar.  28, 

28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28, 
88, 


28, 

88, 

89, 

29, 


Name  op  Applicant. 


PosTorricE. 


County. 


A.  E.  Philips.     .  . 

K.  C.  Drum,       •  • 

J.J.  Wagonhorat, 

L.  Simons,       .  • 

D.  \y.  Dale.    -  .  . 

M.  W.  Husley,  .  . 

M.  Gilpin,  .  . 

C.  H.  Ripple,     .  . 

S.  H.  Stevens,    .  . 

W.  Robinson, 

W.  F.  Hallstead, 

G.  Bogart,      •  •  . 

G.  M.  Hallstead,  . 

J.  J.  Compton, .  . 

C.  Burkley,     .  .  . 

John  Young,  .  .  . 
29,  j  C.  E.  Scott,  .  .  . 
29,  ]  J.  C.  Fitman,     .  . 

29,     A.  Moss 

29,  I  James  A.  Burklej*, 


29, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

89, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

29. 

29, 

29, 

29. 

29, 

29 

29, 

29. 

29. 


David  Yurm,     .  .  . 
Frank  Gunn,     .  .  . 

H.  Lange, 

P.  Frazler 

Joseph  V.  Cashuff, 
C.  A.  Frazler,    .  •  ■ 
J.  Cook,       .... 

Frank  Russ,  ... 

W.  Peters,      ... 

H.  C.  Ford.  .... 

E.  F.  Peters,  .  . 
Harry  Peters,  .  . 
Harry  Peters,  .  . 
Edward  Nyce, 

F.  J.  Stettler.  .  . 
Llewellyn  Mink,  . 
W.  A.  Wentzcl,  . 
C.  S.  Heller,  .  .  . 
L.  N.  Benner,  .  . 
A.  W.  Do  lioiig,    . 


GouldsboTO  Station. 

do.  .... 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Sterling, 

Daleville 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Nobletown.     .      .  • 

Scranton,         .  .  .  . 

do 


do 

do.        .  .   .  •  . 

do 

do • 

Halstead 

Dingraans  Ferry, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 


Lackawanna,  ■ 
do. 
do. 
Waj-ne.  .  .  .  . 
Lackawanna, 

do. 
Wayne,  •      .  . 
Lackawanna,  • 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Sus<iiiehanna, 
Pike,    .  .  .  .  . 
do ■ 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

Bushkill,  .  . 
do.  .  • 

do. 

do.         .  • 
do.  .  ' 

do. 
do. 
Egypt  Mills, 
AUentowii. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 

do.      . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.       . 
do. 
do. 

do.  . 
do.  . 
do. 

do.      . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lehigh, 

do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.50O 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,.t00 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,50Ct 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

8,600 

2,'500 

8,800 

2,600 

2.500 

2,.V)0 

2.500 

2,.50O 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

8,600 

8.500 

8,500 


94 


Report  of  the 


[Ow  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


95 


Brook  Trout  Fi\y— Continued. 


\m\ 


Name  ok  AppLiCANT. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Apr.    2,     J.  M.  Woods,     .  .  • 

John  Wister,     .  .  . 

tl.  M.  Worst,     .  .  . 

J,  M.  Arwin 

H.  K.  Newcomer,    ■ 

G.  F.  Fox, 

G.  C.  Bent.  ... 

A.  Roat,       

O.  E,  McClellan,  . 

W.  U.  Denehey,    . 

G.  W.  Maurer,  .  . 

J. G.  Kich,  .... 

J.  C.  Wltman,    .  . 

R.  A.  York,     .  •  . 

S.  L.  Deleurch,     . 

P.  D.  Hoch,     .  .  . 

G.  W.  Hoch,    .  .  . 

W.  Filbert 

4,     H.  H.  Gouthroup, 
4.     P.  R.  Gouthroup, 
4,     J.  L.  IJalderston, 
4.     W.  A.  Lewis,  .  •  • 
4,     T.  K.  Brown.     .  . 
4,     J.  E.  Johnson,  .  . 
4.     G.  A.  Hazlett,    .  . 
4,     Henry  Green,    .  . 
4,     J.  S.  rummins,  .  . 
4,     J.  M.  Baker. 
4,     C.  L.  Broomall,     . 
4,     D.  McCUwkey,  .  . 
4,     E.  S.  Harlin,   .       . 
4,     J.  G.  Walton,     .  . 


4, 
4, 
4, 

4, 
4, 

T, 
"i 


John  M.  Plank, 
r.  W.  Berjrner, 
Witiiam  Patton, 
C.  Gursuch,  .  . 
C.  R.  Collins,  .  . 
A.  B.  Jcssup,  .  . 
W.  W.  McCain, . 
A.  Beunlsley,     . 


Lewistown,  .  . 
Duncannon,  .  . 
Learn  an  Place,  . 

Bart. 

Octoraro,  .      .  • 

Humraelstown,  . 

Harrisburt;,     .  • 

do.  .  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

Readingr,    •  •  •  • 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 

do 

Oley 

IxjbachsviUe,  .  • 

do. 
Wormelsdorf,    . 
Kenuett  Square, 
do.          do. 
do.          do. 
Howellville,    •  . 
Westtown,    •  .  • 
Media, 


County, 


Mifllin,  . 
Perry,  .  . 
Lancaster, 

do, 

do. 
Dauphin, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Berks,  .   . 


•      •      • 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

West  Chester, 
do.       do. 
Philadelphia,  . 
West  Chester, 
Ambler,     •  .  . 
White  Rock,    . 
Oxford,  . 
Spruce  Grove, 
Springvale,  • 
do. 
d€j.  . 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Chester,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

Delaware,     .  . 

Chester,   .  .  .  . 

Delaware, .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.        .  .  . 

do. 

do.        .  .  . 

do.        ,  •  . 

Chester,  .  .  .  . 

do.        ... 
Philadelphia, 
Chester,     .  . 
Montgomery, 
Chester,  .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
Susquehanna, 
do. 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


•     •     • 


7,500 

5,000 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2.500 

2,.t00 

2.500 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

4,000 

4.000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2.000 

4.000 

2,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,300 

2.300 

2.500 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Apr.    7, 


»« 


'< 

7, 

», 

9, 

». 

9, 

9, 

9, 

9, 

9, 

9, 

9, 

9. 

9, 

9, 

11, 

11, 

11. 

11, 

11, 

11, 

11, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 


Name  OF  Applicant. 


George  LisenringT' 
H.  D.  Judd,     .  . 
E.  M.  Orrspeck, 
W.  F.  Dittrick, 

C.  W.  Diiuock,  . 
G.  B.  Owen, 
John  M.  Rahm, 
W.  Stevinson,  . 
H.  L.  Rugg,  .  . 
M.  Saxe,  .... 
L.  Ackley,  .  .  . 
W.  H.  DeeRan,  . 
M.  J.  Lull,  .  .  . 
3.  P.  Gerhart,    . 

E.  J.  Lentz,  .  . 
J.  A.  Depew,  . 

F.  M.  Barnhard, 

D.  Snyder,  .  .  . 
M.  H.  Kehler,  . 
O.  S.  Kehler,  .  . 
J.  K.  P.  Scheifiey 

G.  W.  Beddell,  . 
J.  A.  Titman,  . 
C.  E.  Titman,  . 
J.  C.  Biddle,  -  . 
H.  J.  McMannis, 
G.  W.  ArmslrouK 
W.  L.  Glrton. 

K  C.  Hamilton, 

E.  E.  Klinif,    .  . 
M.  G.  Reed,     .   . 
T.  H.  Harter,     . 
Henry  Harmony 
W.  Swayne, 

C.  Beener, 
J   Kirkpatrifk, 
J.  E.  (iillintrliuni 
E.  W.  Rhoades, 
I  B.  B.  liongaker, 
I  Charles  Summers, 


POSTOFFICE. 


Pittston, 

do.  ....... 

Hernckvillc, 

Towauda.     

do.  

do.       ........ 

do 

Sayre,     

West  Auburn 

Wilmont, . 

Monroeton, 

Dushore, 

Bernice,  

Beaver  Meadows, .  .  . 

Parryville, 

Delano, 

Oirardville, 

Shenandoah,    

do.  

do.  .  .".  .  . 

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

Ashland, 

do. . 

McEwensville,    .  .  .  . 

Milton, 

Shamokin, 

West  Milton 

Mifflinburtf, 

Middleburg, 

Elizal)ethtown,  •  •  . 
KennettS<iuare,    ■  .  . 

Norrlstown, 

KinHT  of  Prussia,   •  .  . 

Vlllanova,       

White  Horse, 

Herwyn 

Frankfoid 


County. 


Luzerne, 

do.  

Bradford 

do.  ....... 

do.  ....... 

do.  

do 

do. 

do.  

do.  

do.  

Sullivan 

do.         

Carbon, 

do 

Schuylkill 

do.  

do.  

do.  ...... 

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

do.  

Northumberland,     .  . 
do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

Union, 

do.        

Snyder, 

Lancaster, 

Chester, 

Mont^fomery, 

do.  

Delawan» 

Chester, . 

do .  . 

Philadelphia, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,600 
2,300 
2,500 
2.500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.300 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,300 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
2.500 
2.r,0«» 
2,500 
2.500 
2,3(10 
2.500 
2.500 
2.500 
2,500 
2,.500 
2.500 
2..T00 
2,500 
7.300 
7,.J00 
3,500 
2,:>00 
2.300 
2.JJ0O 
2.300 
2.300 
2,500 
2,500 


96 


RErOBT  OF  THE 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissionebs. 


97 


Brook  Trout  'Fm— Continued. 


itm. 


NAMK  of  APPL.1CANT. 


Apr.  U,     F.  F.  Harding,  •  • 

14,     E.  W.  TwaddeW,  .  •  •  - 
14,     J.  P.  Twaddell,         •  • 

14,      B.  Webb, 

14,     J.  B.  Thayer 

16,     U.S.Clark 

16,     C.  Wilson 

16.      W.  D.  Fritz 

16,     R.  W.  t)swald,   .... 

16,     D.  M.  iioyd 

16,      B.  K.  Gearhart,       •  . 

16,     R.  M.  G  rover, 

16,     G.  J.  Fowler,  .... 

16,     W.  R.  Tubbs,        ... 

16,     H.J.Conner, 

16,     C.  H.  Fender,        ... 

16,     C.  E.  Randall, 

16,     C.S.  Fargo 

18,  J.  G.  Kaufman,  .  - 
18,  H.  E.  MuhlenberK,  • 
18,  '  J  no.  R.  Hricker,  ■  • 
18.  ,  C.  H.  Coble,    .  •  • 

18,     W.  M.  Potts, 

18,     R.  W.  Head, 

21,     H.  Evans, 

21.     G.  Spencer,     ... 
21,     P.  A.  Chandler,    .  •  . 

21,     O.  H.  Berr, 

21.     H.  C.  Meredith, 
21.     W.  T.  Smedley,     .  . 
21,     H.  Bol)b 

21,  D.  W.  Clack.         ■  • 

22,  R.  W.  Schweitzer,   . 
22,     C.F.  Har.k«'y, 
''^      J.  J.  Bruce, 

E.  Werkheiscr, 

L.  B.  Camdon,   .  .  • 

22,     L.  l»eck, 

22,     J.  Groner 

24,  I  S.  A.  FiSchetibach, 


POSTOFKICB. 


Frankford,      .  .  .  • 

Philadelphia 

do.  ■   • 

do.  .   .   .  . 

do.  • 

Huntingdon  M-.Us, 
do.  do. 

do.  do. 

Illooraslnirg,    .   •   • 

Danville, 

do.  ... 

do.  

Scrantou,  

Bloomsburg, 
Orangeville,       •  • 
Berwick,       .... 
Catawissii,       .  .  • 
Nanticoke,      .   .  ■ 

Sheridan, 

Lancaster,    .  •  .  • 

Lititz 

Bellare 

Barnestown,    .  •  . 

do. 
Pottstowu,  .  • 

Kaolin,  .  •  • 

RomansviUe,      .  • 

Reading, 

Pughtown,  .  .  .  . 
Uwchlan,     • 
East  Greenville, 
Allentown,      .   . 
Butztown,    .  .  • 
Bethlehem,      •  . 

Easton 

do 

Baugor 

Belvidere,  N.  J., 

do.  do. 

Hoviser  Mills,      . 


COITNTY. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Philadelphia,  .  • 
do 

do.  •  • 

do. 

do.  •  • 

Luzerne,    .  .  .  • 

do 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Columbia.     • 
Montour,      .  •  . 
do.  .  .  .  . 

do 

Lackawanna.  .   . 

Columbia,     •  •  • 

do.  -  •  • 

do.  •  .  ■ 

do.  •  • 

Luzerne 

Lebanon,      .  .  . 

Lancaster,    .  . 

do.  -  • 

do. 

Chester,     .  .  • 

do.  •  .  • 

Montgomery,  - 

Chester.     .  .  . 

do 

Berks,     .... 

Chester 

do 

Montgomery, 
I^hlgh,  .  .  . 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
(lit. 
for     do. 
do.     do. 
Monroe,  ... 


•  •  •  . 


2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,50U 

8,801 

8,600 

8,600 

2,.500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

7,500 

5,000 

'-',.'500 

•.i,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,50n 

2,50n 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


i««. 


Name  ov  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Cod  NT  Y. 


No.  of  Fish 

.SHIPPED. 


Apr.  24, 
21, 
24, 
24, 
24, 


N.  p.  Wilcox,     .   . 
Henry  P.  Wilcox, 


Nicholson, 
do. 


Ed.  Hubbard '  Carboudale, 


H.  L.  Smith,  . 

R.  H.  Tralles, 
24,     T.  R.  Lathrop, 
24,     J.  W,  Aitkens, 

C.  H.  Mills,  .  . 


24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24. 
26, 
26, 
26. 
26, 
26, 
28. 
26, 


do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
Ariel,   . 


H.  C.  Mills, do.      .  .  . 

G.  W.  Simsons Hamlinton 


Gravity, 


Wyoming, 

do. 

Lackawanna, 

du. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Wayne. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


•     •      • 


A.  Enslin 

J.  W.  Brink I  Dunmore |  Lackawanna 

E.  C.  Newcorab ,  Scranton do. 


N.  Long,  .  .  . 
J.  Scott,  .  .  • 
N.  G.  Peters.  • 
A.  C.  Snyder, 

C.  Cleckner,  . 
Amos  Berger, 

D.  Dinnan.  .  . 


Hazleton,  .  . 

White  Haven, 

do.        do. 


26,  •  8.  W.  Trimmer, 


26,     C.  M.  Driggs, 


26, 

28, 
23, 

2t<. 
28, 
28, 
38, 
28. 
28. 
'^% 
2S, 

28. 
2.S, 
2.", 

:.'S 

2H, 

28, 


Yum  Rose,  .  .  . 
J.  S.  Lawrence, 
C  R.  Kear,  .  .  . 
B.C.  Gulden,  . 
R.  F.  Potts.  Jr., 
R.  F.  Potts,  Sr.. 
J.S.  Russell,  .  . 

F.  C.  Palmer,     . 

E.  C.  Hoover,  . 
R.  Fl.  Barrett,  . 
A.  B.  Scheartle, 

G.  Dewald,  .  .  . 
J.  George,    .  .  . 
J.  T.  Lenehast. 
J.  B.  Emuch,  .  . 
W.  S.  Kramer. 

F.  Hoffman.  .  . 
I  F.  Guycr, 

7-19-91. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
d(j. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
du. 
do. 


>     •     • 


•      •      • 


Bear  Creek, 

Mincrsville, 

do. 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  • 

Pottsville,     .  .  . 

do.  .  •  • 

do, 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  • 

do.  .  .  . 

Shoemakersville, 
DauberviUe,  .  . 
Port  Carbon,  .  . 
Hammou,  .  .  .  . 
How,    .  . 


•      ■     • 


I^iizerne,    . 

d... 

dr.. 

do. 

do.  . 

do. 

do.  , 

do. 

d(j. 

do. 
.•Schuylkill, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

d... 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Iterks,     .  . 

do.  .     . 

.Schuylkill. 

<1... 
.1... 


.  .  i  Tyrone, Blair. 


2,500 

2,500 

2,300 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2..'>00 

2,500 

2,1500 

2.503 

2.500 

2,500 

2,S00 

2.500 

2..>00 

2,500 

2,.'i00 

2.500 

2,503 

2,500 

5.000 

2,500 

2.500 

3,500 

2,.i0l> 

2,300 

2,300 

2,500 

2,500 

2,303 

2,500 

2jm 
2,50n 

2,.-)00 
2..J00 
2..VW 
2,.JO0 
T.uOO 


iil-M 


98 


Keport  of  the 


(.Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.J 


Fish  Commissionees. 


99 


« 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


Apr.  -N, 

28, 
28, 

28, 
91, 


Name  of  Ai'I'licant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


G.  G.  Hutchisou,     .   . 

K.  H.  Lee 

S.  B.  Weber 

I.  B.  Selheimer,    .  .  . 

C.  P.  Dull 

Robt.  J.  Vasseur,    .  .  .    :*troudsburg 

30,  }  T.  D.  Paret do.  

30,     W.  Hardenstine,  ....  1  <lo.  

30,     H.  A.  Brodhead 1  Delaware  Water  Gap, 


Warriorsniark, 
Lewistown, 

do. 

do. 
McVeytown,   . 


County. 


Huntingdon, 
Mifflin,    .  ■  . 

do.        .  .  • 

do.        .  .  . 

do.  .  ■ 
Monroe, .   .  • 

do.        .  .  . 


30.     A.  C.  Groves, 
30,  I  A.  Spaguel, 


30.     J.  H.  Groves, 
30,     I.  S.  Case,     .  . 
;jO.     T.  A.  Corapton, 
;5(i.     w.  H.  <'ase,    . 
a),  j  1.  Strouse.    .  . 
30,     J  no.  Lynch,    . 


do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


May     2, 


.1, 

■'», 

■>, 

5, 

% 

5, 

5, 

•'). 

ft, 

«. 

fl, 
6, 
•', 
0, 


W.  E.  Cortright,  .  .  . 

H.  Teepening 

S.  H.  Rhodes 

W.  s.  Harvey,  .... 
John  F.  Connally,  .  . 
R.  W.  Archbald,  .   .  . 

W.  T.  Col  born 

C.  B.  Stivers, ..... 

E.  B.  Long ■ 

J.  J.  Jeimyn,     ... 

W.  Hartzell 

J.  P.  Robinson,     ....     Wilkesbarre, 
J.  W.  Twining i  Mauch  Chunk 


Tobyhanna  Mills,     . 

do,  do. 

do.  <lo. 

do.  «lo. 

do.  do. 

Marshalls  Creek,  .   . 
do.  lie       .  • 

Ciouldsboro  Station, 

do.  .... 

Chfton 

Daleville, 

Ashley,  . 

do. 
Pittston, 
Scranton, 


•     •      • 


do 

do.        .... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Wayne 

do 

do.        .       .  • 

Lackawanna,  . 

Luzerne,    .  .  • 

do  .  .  . 

do.  .   . 

Lackawanna, 


Hetlerville Columbia, 

Luzerne, 
Carbon, • 


No.ofFsih 
Shipped. 


J.  R.  P.  ScheiHey, 
K.  C.  Folmer,  .  . 
H.  C.  Tre.xler,   .  . 

C.  F.  Curtis,  .  .  . 
T.  .1.  Winters.    .  . 

D.  Focht, 

A.  W.  Kyner,  .  . 
A.  N.  Pomeroy,  . 
0.  H.  Lane,  .  .  > 
F.  T.  Seipix'l,     .  . 


Schuylkill, 


Shenandoah,    ... 

i 
do.  I 

Allentown, Lehigh, 


do. 


Williarostown,  . 
Harriiburg,  .  . 
Centreport,  .  .  . 
Shippensburg,  . 
Charabersburg, 

do. 

lo. 


Dauphin,  .  . 

do. 
Berks,     .  .  • 
Cumberland, 
Franklin,  .   . 

do.         .   . 

do.         .   . 


2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,.500 

2,500 

2,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,rm 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

2.500 

2,500 

2,500 

2,.')00 

5,000 

2,500 

2,500 

2,500 

5,000 

5,000 

2,500 

5,000 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1890. 


Name  op  Applicant. 


May    6,  E.  M.  Forman,  • 

6,  J.  L.  Lindemuth, 

8,  S.  S.  Herr,    .   .   . 

8,  A.  R.  Strickler, 

8,  Dr.  Achey,  .  .  • 

8,  W.  F.  Gerrecht, 

8,  B.  J.  McGrann, 

8,  J.  H.  Brimmer, 

8,  George  M.  Franklin 

8,  J.  L.  Porter,  . 

8,  Harry  Wilson, 

8,  i  A.  D.  Harlan, 

8,  I  R.  H.  Plank.  . 

34,  '  A.  D.  Bergner, 

24,  ,  A.  D.  Bergner, 

June  2,  H.  F.  Longnecker, 

2,  I  Isaac  Bruner,    . 

2,  j  E.  C.  McCune,  . 
J.  G.  Rick.  .  .  . 
J.  P.  Taylor,  .  . 

2,  I  ().  E.  McClellan, 

2,  I  W.  R.  Denehey, 

2,  '  G.  C.  rtent,  .  .  . 

4,  11.  Menchen,  Jr., 

*,  .Samuel  Schall, 

4.  J.  W.  Key,  .  .  . 

4,  '  A.  Mitchell,    .   . 

4,  H.  W.  Althouse, 

4,  C.  H.  Hagenbuch 

'..  T.  Walter,    . 

•i.  Thomas  Sharplcss, 

*>,  H.  Milland,     . 

'■>,  Hugh  E.  Stone, 

ti,  A.  Brenninger, 

•i,  W.  F.  Fulmer, 

•i,  L.  B.  Fienson,    . 

•5,  B.  H.  Meredith, 

rt,  ,1.  Speakman, 

0,  M.  S.  Gabriel, 

H,  Jno.  <).  Gabriel. 


POSTOFFICE. 


CODNTY. 


Chambersburg,  .  .  . 
Stouchsburg.  -  .  . 
Pleasant  Grove,    .  . 

Mi.  Joy, 

East  Petersburg,  .  . 
Lancaster, 

do 

do 

<lo 

do 

Gum  Tree 

Coatesville 

Downingtown,  .  .  . 

Stemton, 

Alleniown, 

do.  

Derry 

Shippensburg,   .  . 

Bethel 

Reedsville 

Harrisburg,     .... 

ilO 

lo 

Mooitelicu'-l, 

do.  .... 

White  Haven,    .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

Ashland 

Shenandoah,  .... 
West  Chester,     .  .  . 

do. 
Logan,    .  . 
Coatesville, 

do. 


•      •     • 


Franklin,  .  . 
Berks,  ■  .  .  . 
Lancaster.    . 
do. 
do. 
.lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  . 

Chester, .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

Lehigh.  .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

Dauphin,  .  . 

Cumberland, 

Berks,     .  .  . 

Mifflin,    .  .  . 

Dauphin,  .  . 

do  .   . 

do.  .   . 

Luzerne,    .  . 

.lo. 

do.  .   . 

do. 
Schuylkill,   . 

do. 
Chester,  .  .  . 
do.       .  .  . 


.lo. 
do. 
•lo. 
do. 
Allentown, 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do> 
du. 
doi 
do. 
.lo. 
Lehigh, 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


2,500 
2,500 
2,000 
2.000 
tJ,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2.0CO 
2,000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
2.500 
2,500 
2,000 
4,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2,000 
2.000 
2,0<X1 
2.000 
2.000 
2.000 
2,000 
2,000 
4. COO 
2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2.0iX) 
2.00O 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2.000 
2.000 
2.001 1 


100 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


101 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOBFICK. 


ConNTY. 


I  No.  OP  Fish 
1    Shipped. 


June  10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10. 
12. 
12, 
12. 
12. 
12, 
12, 
12. 
12. 
19, 
23, 
23. 
23, 
S3. 
23, 
23, 
25, 
25, 
25. 
30. 


E.  S.  Jonsou 

S.  Good 

C.  C.  Balderston Westtowu 

T.  C.  Pearson.   .... 

J.  L.  Cope 

J  no.  McCorraick,    .  . 

G.  J.  Fanseen 

E.  H.  Smith 

W.  U.  neck 

H.  A.  Knapp.  •  •  • 
G.  Y,  Arrabruster,  . 
Fred  Nell 

K.  W.  Kellam.  .  .  • 

H.  C.  Ford. 

M..1.  Miller 

W.  H.  Ralston.  .  .  . 

A.  Stepeson,  .  .  •  • 

W.  F.  Gurrecht,    .  . 

JaeobSeit/.,  Jr,    .  . 

R,  F.  Wilson,  .... 

J.  ,1.  nrucc,    .... 

M.  F.  Selple 

W.J.  Seiple 

J.  N.  Naylor 


Rally I  Berks 

Hitner |  Chester 

!       do 

Bustleton I  Philadelphia,  • 

Norristown j  Monttfomery,  . 

Pocono I  Monroe 

Mt.  Pocono j       do 

do.  .  .      •  •;       do 

Moscow liBckawanna.  . 

Scranton, do. 

Hawley I  Wayne,  ... 

do I       do.      ,  .  . 

do.  do.       ... 

Philadelphia ;  Philadelphia, 


.... 


Lancaster, 
do. 
do. 
<lo. 
do. 


Julv  IT.     W.  L.  Powell. 


21. 
21, 
21, 
24. 
Aug.  S, 
Sept.  2ij. 
25. 
25, 
25, 
1801. 
Feb.  20, 
20. 
20. 
20. 


E.  n.  isctt, 

A.  M.  Thompson.    . 

G.  C.  EmiRh 

r.  W.  Eplinjf 1  Egypt  Mills. 

AmosWeida, Wescosville. 


Ruck.      .  •  • 
do.     .  .  .  ' 
do.     .... 
Laucasti^r. 
Mountville. 

York York 

F.a8ton j  Northampton. 

Wind  Gap do. 

do do. 

Cherryville do. 

Harrisburg Dauphin,  .  . 

Spruce  Creek Huntingdon. 

I  Milroy .  .  Mittlu 

I  Murtinsburg Blair 

.   .   .  Pike 

...  Lehigh,  .  .  . 


N.  Russ Harrisburg. 


H.  Vance. 
W.  Rates, 
W.  Russ.  . 


Wonrich  &  Depiwn. 

O.  Wentz 

J.  D.  Moyer,  . 
B.  licrch,  .  . 
Henry  Hasslcr. 


•  .  •  • 


do. 
do. 
do. 

WernersvlUe, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do 


Dauphin, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


•     •     •      • 


Rcrks. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


2.000 
2.000 
4,000 
2.000 
2.000 
2.00O 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

2,000 

4,000 

4,00(* 

2,00'1 

2,000 

2.a>" 

2.00(1 

2.000 

4,000 

2,000 

2,000 

1,000 

1.000 

2.000 

2.000 

1.000 

4,000 

1,S00 

1,000 

1,000 

1.000 

1.000 

l.-'iOO 
1,.V)0 
l.MX) 
1..'.00 
l.WO 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1891. 


NA.ME  OF  APPLICANT. 


Feb.  20. 
20. 
20, 
20, 
20. 
20, 
20. 
20. 
20, 
20. 
20. 
20, 
20. 
30. 
20, 
30, 
20. 
24. 
24. 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24, 
24. 
24. 
24. 
24. 
24. 
21, 
»*, 
24, 
24, 
24. 
24. 
24, 
25. 
25, 
25, 

25, 
25, 


G.  R.  Taylor,  . 
A.  Thalheimer, 
C.  B.  Miller.  .  . 
J.  Hauffman,  . 
John  Heister,  . 
I.  Hauck,  •  .  . 
J.  .1.  Hauck.  .  . 
Ed.  Helems.  .  . 
J.  J.  Sallade,  ■  . 
W.  D.  Filbert,  . 

E.  B.  Leonard, 
S.  B.  Melot,     .  . 
J.  G.  Rich.  .  .  . 
Samuel  Urich.  . 

F.  S^.  Hunsecker, 
A.  M.  Filbert,  . 
J.  G.  Meyer.  .  . 
T.J.  Armstrong, 

G.  H.  Smith.  .  . 
C.  Miller,  .  .  . 
E.  R.  Palmer,  . 
John  Becker,  .  . 
Charles  B.  Grubb. 
John  T.  Aumant, 
Martin  Herr,  .  . 
G.  M.  Creswell,  . 
E.  K.  Blauck,    .  . 

S.  M.  Hain 

M.  L.  Davis.  .  .  . 
R.  Blickenderfer. 
Georges.  Franklin 
George S.  Franklin 
John  H   Kreider, 
George  Learaan. 
H.  C.  Gemperling. 
I.  S.  Bigler.     .  .  . 
E.  J.  McCuen.    .  . 
S.  M.  Hertzler.     . 
J   n.  Miller.    .  . 

,  George  1.  Comstock, 


POSTOFFICK. 


Robesonia, 

Reading, 

do 

do.        

do 

do 

•    do.  .... 

do 

Womelsdorf.  .  .  •  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Blandon,    ...... 

Oley 

Bethel 

Myerstown, 

Bethel 

Lebanon 

Heilmandale.     .  .  . 

Smitbville, 

do.  

do.  

do.  

Mount  Hope.     .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Quarryville,    .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .   . 

Reinholds. 

do.  

Lancaster. 

do.  .      .  .  . 

do 

do.  

do.  

do 

do.  

Shiremanstown,  .  . 
Shippensburg,  .  .  . 
Eberlys  Mills.  .  .  . 
Mechanicsburg,  .  . 
du.  .   . 


County. 


Berks, 
do. 
do. 
«lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
ilo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lebanon, 

do. 
Lancaster, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

da 

(•o. 

do. 

da 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Cumberland 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


1.500 

LfiOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,900 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,900 

MOO 

1,800 

1,900 

1.900 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

l,.-00 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,50U 

1,500 

1..V10 

1,50) 

1,30) 

l,5tO 


102 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc, 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


103 


Brook  Trout  Yhy— Continued. 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


Feb.  25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25. 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Median  icsburg, 
Harrlsburg, 
Shiremanstown 
Mechanicsburg, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

dr. 


L  A.  Listsay, 
H.  Lulz,    .  .  . 
I.  S.  Bigler,     . 
AV.  G.  Hauck, 
E.  M.  Mosser, 
J.  S.  Weaver, 
E.  C.  Gardner, 
D.  K.  Miller, 
M.  A.  Heifner, 
S.  G.  IJowman, 
W.  G.  Eckels, 
.1.  H.  Boyer,   . 
.1  H.  Uhrich, 
A.  Z.  Hade, 
W.  S.  Balso,    . 

t 

Jacob  Smith j  Harrisburg 

25,  1  A.  J.  Fager i  do. 

25,     Joseph  M.  Derr {  Plainfleld, 

25,  I  Geo.  F.  Murry !  Scotland,  . 

25,     Alex.  Stewart,  . 
27,     I.  P.  Culi)ert8on, 

F.  T.  Seippel, .  . 

C.  B.  Eyer,  .  .  . 

F.  M.  Duncan,  .  . 

W.  F.  Wolfe,     .  . 

Aug.  Duncan,  .  • 

C.  E.  Fetter. 

Alex.  M.  Carlisle, 

J.  S.  Kennedy,  .  . 
2T,  1  Jno.  F.  Gelwricks, 
2T,  A.  C.  Froinmeyer. 
27,  j  M.  W.  Strealy,  .  . 
27,  1  J.  E.  Crawford,  . 
27,  I  W.  R.  Dehart.  .  . 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


27, 
27, 
27, 
27, 
27, 
27, 
27, 
27. 


•     •     •     • 


27, 


Mar. 


G.  M.  Fisher,  .  . 
Samuel  Sherman, 
J.  A.  Hickman.  . 
W.  H.  Pechart.  . 
A.  Brackenridge. 
Her.ben  Martin,   . 


do.        ... 
Chamliershurg. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Fayetteville, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
E<lenville,     .  . 
Dickinson,    .  . 
Williams  Mill, 
Barnitz,     .  . 


... 


»  .  . 


... 


*  .  ■  . 


Cumberland,  . 
Dauphin,  .  .  • 
Cumberland,  . 

do. 

do. 

do 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Dauphin,' .  .  . 

do. 
Cumberland, 
Franklin,   .  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.        .  . 

do.        .  . 

do.         .  . 

do.         .   . 

do.        .  • 

do.        .  . 

do.  .  . 

do. 

do.         .  . 

do.         .   . 

do. 
Cumberland, 
do. 
do. 


1..500 
1,500 
1,500 
1..^00 
1,500 
l,5lKt 
L.'jU) 

i..')a> 
i..yio 

1,5U0 
1,.'>(KI 
l.."i(MI 
1,500 
1.50ti 
1,.V'0 
1,500 
1..-.(I0 

\.'m 

1,5(HI 

i.sai 

1,.tOO 
L.'iOO 
l.-'itUt 
1..WLI 
I.-tOO 
1,.tOO 
1.500 
l..iOO 

1..T00 

1,5110 
l.-'AO 
l..%0 
1..500 

1..VMI 
l,.jOll 

i.aou 
i,soo 


1891. 


Mar.    2. 
2. 

»> 

2 
•2 

2. 
2. 
2, 
2, 
2, 

f> 

••» 

2, 
2, 
2. 
2, 


••* 

4, 
4, 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4. 
4. 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4. 
4. 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4, 


Name  of  Applicant. 

Joseph  Deardorff,  .  .  . 

C.  W.  Cook 

John  C.  Long 

James  A.  Gardner,    .  . 

Frank  Best 

Joseph  EJest 

M.  H.  Wenrich.  ... 
Ezra  P.  Fisher,  ... 
I.  W.  Schamltzer,   .  . 

Charles  Reed 

W.  B.  Zeller 

R.  Lechner 

John  G.  Kaufman,  . 
W.  A.  Knisely,  .  .  • 
L.  L.  Knisely 

A.  G.  Knisely,  .  .  . 
T.  S.  Meals, 

F.  H.  DeHaven,  .  .  . 

J.  M.  Pattison 

W.  M.  Rice 

F.  Evans 

C.  S.  Heckman,  .  .  • 
n.  K.  Spangler.  .  .  . 
J.  W.  Humor 

D.  K.  Kelser,  .... 
J.  H.  Snyder,  .... 
John  D.  Saner,  .  .  . 
Clajton  Philips.  .  .  . 

D.  C.  Unger 

P.  M.  Snider 

W.  A.  Trltle 

J.  N.  Striken,    .  .      . 

M.  A.  Fluntt 

Geo.  W.  Buteler,  .  .  . 

E.  Snyder, 

G.  W.  Crunketon,  .  . 
M.  W.  Kisicker,  .  .  . 
James  Shlrey 

B.  F.  Winger 

J.  S.  Snovely 


POSTOFriCE. 


Dillsburg,     ■ 

do. 
Carlisle, .  .  ■ 
Uriah,     .  .  . 
Eberlys  Mills, 

do, 
Stouchsburg,, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Sheridan,  .  . 

do. 
Harrlsburg, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Willow  Hill, 
Carlisle, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
New  vi  lie 
Harrlsburg, 
Waynesboro, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Oreencastle, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


County. 


York 

do 

Cumberland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Berks,     .  •  . 
do.        ... 
do.         .  .  . 
do.        ... 
do.        .  .  . 
Lebanon,  .  . 

do. 

Dauphin, 

do. 

do.         .  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Franklin,  .  . 
Cumberland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Dauphin,  .  . 
Franklin,  .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do.        .  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do. 


•     •     * 


1500 

1.500 

l.-VK) 

1..500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1..500 

L.-iOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1..T0O 

1,500 
1..500 

1.5a) 

1..500 
1,.-|00 
1..W 
1.50O 
1.50O 

i,.5a) 

l.!500 
1.500 

L.-jOO 
1.50O 
1.500 
1,500 
1,.WU 


Iff* 


104 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  CoMxMIssioners. 


105 


Brook  Trout  Ftly— Continued. 


1891. 


Name  (if  Applicant. 


Mar.    4, 
4, 
6, 
6, 
6. 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6. 
«, 
6, 
6, 
«, 
6, 
«, 
«. 
«. 
6, 
6. 
ft. 
fi, 
«, 
», 
9, 
», 
», 
9, 
9. 

'••, 
!', 
», 
9. 
9, 
9, 
9, 


D.Z.  Shork 

P.  S.  Wilhelm 

R.J.  Grier 

S.  W.  Laune 

John  M.  Drennen,  .  • 
William  Baker,  •  •  ■ 
Cary  Lamborn,  .  .  .  . 
Aaron  Martin,  .  .  . 
J.  E.  Burnley,  .  .  .  .  . 
R.  J.  Baldwin.  ... 
William  .Shimer,  .  .  . 

John  Moore, 

J.  M.  Baker,  .... 

John  Twaddle 

Eli  Harvey     

William  Rlnjf 

L.  D.  Sfieakman,  .  •  . 
William  Parker, .  ■  . 

C.  Brooraall, 

J.  E.  Johnson 

Henry  Green 

Jesse  M.  Baker,    .  .  . 
C.  L.  Baer 

M.  E.  Pugh 

John  B.  Gemmill,   .  • 

Samuel  Grove, .  .  .  . 

i<.  Workinger 

J.  W.  Neff 

Joseph  L.  Beck,  ■  .  • 

Samuel  R.  Gurcy,  .  . 

H.  Anderson 

H.  Kenlinger, 

K.  B.  Hyson 

W,  L   Crowl 

John  Kenedy 

W.  J.  sutler 

H.  R.  S.  Wise 

W.  F,  Smith 

T.  Z.  H.  Murphy,     . 

B.  Wright, 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Greencastle,  Franklin, 

do.  do 

Oxford Chester, . 

do ^o.      ' 

do do.      . 

Avondale do. 

do.    .     do. 

London  Grove,      .  .  •  do. 

Ix>nni Delaware, 

Chadds  Ford,  .....  do. 

do.  do. 

do do. 

do.  •  •      .  .  do. 

do do. 

do.  j        do. 

do.  do. 

Brandywine  Summit,  do. 

Media do. 

do.      •      ..*•...         uo. 

do do. 

do •   -I        do. 

do do. 

Delta York,  .  . 

!  West  Bangor do.     .  . 

Stewartatown,   ....  do.     .  . 

I  Turnpike, do.     .  . 

Brogueville do.     .  . 

Relay do.     .  . 

Shrewsl>ury do.     .  . 

do.  do.     .  , 

Stewartstown,    ....  do.     .  . 

do.  ....  do.      . 

Bridgeton do.     . 

do do.     . 

do do.     . 

do do.     . 

Airvllle '     do.     . 

do do.     . 

Sunnyburn do.     . 

Woodt)ine. do.     . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,600 

i.fia> 

1,800 

1,500 

1.800 

1.500 

1,500 

IJM 

1,500 

1,800 

1,800 

1,300 

1,300 

1,500 

1.300 

1.500 

1.300 

1,300 

1.300 

1.300 

1,300 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.300 

1,500 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.300 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1891. 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


Mar.  9, 
9, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
H, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11. 
11. 
11, 

n, 
11, 
11, 
n, 

11, 
11, 
11, 
11. 

13, 

13, 

M, 
23. 

l:«, 
13, 
13. 
13, 
13, 
13. 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
1:K 

ir, 

17. 


B.  Howard, 

William  Lehman.  .  . 
E.  G.  Hoover,  .... 
Fank  B.  Shutz,  .  .  . 
Cyrus  Shutz, 

E.  S.  Newell 

Albert  Shappell.  ■  .  . 
Charles  S.  Haeseler,  . 

F.  S.  Haeseler,  .... 
F.  C.  Palmer 

C.  H.  Schimpp 

John  A.  Guldin,  .  .  . 

John  P.  Stlne 

George  W.  Kennedy, 
J.  S.  Russell 

C.  W.  Parkin 

George  Dewald,  .  .  • 

D.  F.  O" Brine,    .  .  .  . 

D.F.O' Brine 

Frank  Roseberry,  .  . 

C.  W.  Parkin 

C.  W.  Parkin 

Frank  Roselierry,  .  . 
N.  F.  Bnxjmall,  .  .  • 
T.  G.  Agnew,  .  .  . 
Ia.'wIs  Bergdoll,  Jr.,  . 
Samuel  Fetters,  .  .  . 

C.  P.  Brown 

Daniel  McCloskey,     . 

E.  S.  Harlan, 

David  Cope, 

1.  L.  Register 

J.  A.  Peeples 

Lewis  J.  Kirk 

John  Birknian,  .  .  . 
C.  G.  (iilmore,  •  .  . 
C.  Summers,  .  .  .  .  . 
George  Williams,  .  . 
Jos.  A.  Zimmerman, 
WllliHm  Hilbort. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Woodbine, 

Graydon, 

Pottsvllle, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Paoll 

New  London, 
Philadelphia, 
Glenlock,  .  . 
Sylmar,  .  .  . 
West  Chester, 
Philadelphia. 
Leonard,  •  . 
Ardmore, 
Kirks  Mills,  . 

do. 
Philadelphia, 
Frankford,, . 

do. 

do. 


•      •      • 


•      ■     » 


Llewellyn 

do 


York,  .  .  . 

do.     ... 

Schuylkill, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

•lo.  .  . 

do. 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do. 

do. 
Chester,  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Philadelphia. 
Chester, .   .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.  .  . 
Philadelphia, 
Chester, .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do.       .  .  . 

do. 

Philadelphia, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Schuylkill,    . 

do. 


•      «     •     • 


•     •      « 


•      ■     •     • 


1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,800 

1,800 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,.500 

1,.300 

1,500 

1,.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.300 

1.500 

1..300 

1..300 

1,500 

1.500 

1,300 

1,.300 

1,.300 

1.300 

1,.tOO 

1,.300 

1,.M» 

1.500 

1,.500 

1,300 


! 


106 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc, 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


107 


Brook  Trout  Yixy— Continued. 


1891. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Mar.  IT, 


IT, 
IT, 
IT. 
IT, 
IT, 
IT, 
IT, 
IT, 
IT, 

r, 

IT, 

IT, 

IT, 

IT. 

IT. 

IT. 

IT, 

18. 

IS. 

18, 

18,' 

18. 

18, 

18. 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18. 

18. 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18. 

18. 


•      «      • 


Joseph  Start.  .  .  • 
John  J.  Walker.  .  . 
D.  H.  Wilcox.  .  .  . 
W.  A.  Cockill.  .  .  . 
Giodfry  Landerman. 

C.  Frantz 

S.  Housekuecht.  .  • 

M.  P.  Walsh 

C.  M  Evans.  .... 
Jacob  Brown,  .  .  • 
M.  J.  Carroll,  .  .  • 
Jos.  Stone 

W.  Cookson 

John  T.  Little,  .  . 

T.  B.  Geijrcr 

Geo.  Sage, 

Geo.  Sage, 

Jno.  J.  Kirby,  .  .  ■ 

Reuben  Fields,     . 

L.  Haines,    .... 

Howard  Hoffman, 

I.  Dickinson.     .  . 

J.  H.  Jacobs.  .  .  . 
I  P.  W.  Xatrle. 

T.  S.  Harvey 

J.  F.  Ramsay 

W.  F.  Lawson 

,  Geo.  Walton.    .  .  .  . 

E.  P.  Dickinson.  .  . 

J.  M.  Scott 

Joseph  G.  Donnoard. 

j  H.  P.  Baker 

I  W.  A.  T'.  Thompson. 
E.  T.  Harley.     .  .  . 

Jno.  W.  Pratt.  .  .  . 

A.  Brenninger.     .  . 
John  R.  Lilly.    .  .  • 

B.  F.  Meredith, 
J  H.Twaddell. 
J   D.  Schiedt, 


•      •      •     •     • 


•      •      • 


Llewellyn,    .  . 
do 
do. 
do. 
Minersville,  .  • 
St.  Clair,    .  .  . 
do. 
do. 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .   .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.         .  •  < 
do.  .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 
do. 

do.  .  . 

Geigers  Mills, 
Birdsboro,    . 
Geigers  Mills, 
Reading,   ■  . 
do.  .  . 

do. 
EmbreevlUe, 
Mortonville, 
Honeybrook, 
Ercildoun,    . 
Coatesville.  . 
d». 
do. 

;  do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
Chiulds  Ford, 
d(..         do. 


...     a 


Schuylkill, 

do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Berks,     •  < 
do. 
.lo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Chester, 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 

.lo. 

do. 

•lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


No.  OF  F:sH 
Shipped. 


1.500 

1,.W0 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

l.aW) 

1.5O0 

1.500 

1.500 

L.-iOO 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,50U 

l,5t<) 

1.300 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

l.oOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,600 

1..500 

L.'MO 

1,500 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1891. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


COUNTV. 


Mar.  18, 

30,  I 
20, 

20. 

ao  i 
'  I 

20, 

20, 

20, 

20, 

20, 

2tl, 

20. 

20,  ' 

20, 

23, 

23, 

23, 

33, 

2^3, 

33. 

S3, 

23, 

23, 

23, 

23, 

23, 

2.5, 

25, 

25, 


25, 
25, 


25, 

25, 
25, 
26, 

2»^. 


W.  L.  Cliniff 

Jacob  H.  Engle.  .  .  . 
Jno.  Stautfer,  .  .  .  . 
Geo.  S.  Plnkerton, .  . 

J.  B.  Lincoln 

Jno.  B.  Lincoln,  .  •  . 
J.  W.  Morton,    .  .  .  . 

Geo.  Kercher 

Silas  K.  Elshleman, 
W.  C.  Henderson,  . 
W,  C.  Henderson,  . 
Geo.  S.  Boone,  .  .  . 
W.  R,  Fields,  .... 
C.  H.  Hershey,  .  .  . 

Jacob  Eisenhower, 

Peter  Dresher,  .  .  . 

Samuel  Miller,  .  .  . 

Frauk  Miller.    .  .  . 

C.  P.  Derrick,    .  .  . 

J.  A.  Latham,   . 

Silas  Uupagle,  .  .  . 

Thomas  Purcell,  .  . 

James  Purcell,    .  . 

L.  F.  Fritsoh.     .  .  . 

A.  H.  Sharpless,  .  . 

L.P.  Kreigh,     .  .  . 

Harry  Heilman,  .  . 

C.  S.  Shaak 

■  C.  S.  Shaak,    .... 

A.  Bowman 

W.  Frantz 

A.  D.  Krcichbaum, 

W.  H.  Reed 

L.  E.  Strubher,     .  . 

Jno.  Reed 

Isaac  Brunner,     .  . 

M.  L.  Hershey,  .  .  . 

F.  P.  Esterly,     .  .  . 

C.  E.  Keim 

L.  W.  Snyder.    .  .   . 


Chadds  Ford, Bucks,    .  . 

Mt.  Joy Lancaster, 

Goodville do. 

Milford  Mills Chester, .  . 

Churchtown Lancaster, 

do.             do. 

Honeybrook Chester, .  . 

Lancaster Lancaster, 


do.  .  . 

Gap 

do 

Christiana,   .  . 

do. 
Cordelia,    .  .  • 
Rlngtown,    .  . 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do.  •  • 

do,  .  ' 

Mahanoy  City, 
Drandonville, 
Tamaqwa,     ■ 

do. 

do. 


do. 
do. 

do.  .  • 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  . 
do. 
Schuylkill,  • 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Catawissa Columbia, 


do. 
Lebanon, 
do. 
dc. 
do. 


do. 
Lebanon, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Tower  City Schuylkill. 


Sued  burg, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Derry.    .  . 

do.        .  . 

Reading.    . 

Bethlehem, 

do. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do.  .  i 

Dauphin,  .  .  . 

d 

Berks 

Northampton, 
<lo. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


l,.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

l,.50O 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

l,50C 

1.500 

1..500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

l,.50O 

1.500 

1,509 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1.500 

1.500 

1..500 

l..-)00 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,300 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

l,3ai 

1..J00 


IrfF 


108 


Keport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc  . 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


Mar.  26. 
26, 
26, 
33, 
36, 
26, 
36, 
36, 
», 
36, 


COCNTY, 


it. 
27, 
27, 


J.  F.  Kauch Bethlehem, 

C.  H.  Frankenfleld,   .  .         do. 

H.  H.  Dash |       do. 

J.  T.  Daily '       do. 

A.  Conrade, do. 

C.  H.  Wenhold do. 

M.  C.  Luckenbach,    .  .         do. 

A.  D.  Shiraer I       do. 

I.  H.  Shlmer, do. 

M.  H.  Koehler do. 

Jno.  E.  Sijw, Carlisle, .  . 

\V.  H.  Eppley '      do. 

U.  G.  Eppley do. 

H.  H.  Leidegh lo.       .  . 


30, 

do, 

30. 

:», 

:», 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30, 

30. 

30, 

30, 

31, 

:». 

30, 

:«. 

30, 

30, 

30. 


Newton  Jackson,    .  .  .         do 

W.  T.  S.  Jamison,   .  .  .  Sblppensburg.    . 

U.  O.  Barnitz, Barnitz 

W.  S.  Foreman,    ....  Walnut  Bottom, 

D.  V.  Ahl, Newville,  .... 

W.  :■*.  Hammon Lewisberry,    .  . 

W,  t».  Rutherford,  ...  Harrisburg,    .  . 

I.  M.  Cassell, \  Lehighton,  .  .  . 


G.  H.  Mantz.  .  . 
A.  C.  Brodhoad, 
L.  E.  Willg, .  .  . 
E.  W.  Clauss,  . 
A.  Miller,  ... 
Frank  Laury,  . 
W.  O.  M.  Sleple, 
David  Hunt,. 
C.  E.  Wilson, .  . 
L.  H.  Bellesfleld. 
T.  H.  sSchearer, 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
I  ratasau<iua 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Cumberland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

York 

'  Dauphin,  .  . 
Carbon, .  .  . 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.  ... 
do.       .  .  . 


•  •  •  . 


•  •  •  * 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


do. 
do. 
do. 


•  •  *  •  • 


J.  Fritz 1  .N'arberth 

I 

T.  I..  Harrison ,  Hosemont 

J.  J.  Kenlgan H  averford  Col  lege,  . 

Charles  Thomas,  ....     Whitford 

Jno.  F.Cody I  Holraesburg,  .  .  .  . 

C.  T.  Headloy Bristol. 

David  Taylor •  Morrisville 


Montgomery, 

do. 

.lo. 

( 'hester,  .  .  . 

Philadelphia, 

Bucks,    .  •  • 

do.       .  .  . 


1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,300 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,600 

1,900 

1.900 

1,500 

1,900 

1,500 

1,300 

1,900 

1,900 

1,900 

1,300 

1.900 

1,900 

MOO 

1,900 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

i.rioo 
i.roo 

l,."iOO 
1,500 
1,5(10 
1.501) 
1,500 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


109 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1891. 


Mar.  30. 
30, 
30. 
30, 

Apr.    3, 


3. 

3, 

3, 

3. 

3, 

3. 

3. 

3. 

3, 

3. 

3, 

3. 

3. 

3, 

3, 

3. 

3. 

3. 

3, 

3. 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4, 
4. 
4, 
4, 
4, 
4. 
4. 
6. 
«, 
«, 
A. 
«. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


P08T0FFICE. 


County. 


>V.  A.  Lewis.  .  • 

\V.  A.  Lewis, 

B.  C.  Reynolds,     .  .  . 
Frank  Burton.     .  .  • 

P.  Eckhardt 

Allen  Craig 1  Mauch  Chunk 

James  S.  Loose |  do. 


Glen  Mills \  Delaware, 

do j         do. 

Oxford I  Chester.  . 

West  Grove I     do. 

Mud  Run i  Carbon,  . 

,  .  .  I     do. 

...        do. 


F.  P.  Sharkey,  .  . 
J.  H.  Handwerk, 

G.  W.  Esser,  .  .  . 

S.  S.  Staples.  .  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 

do. 


Moosehead, i  Luzerne, 


K  S.  Staples White  Haven, 

Daniel  Stull, Dear  Creek,  .  . 

Albert  Lewis, do.  .  . 

A.  Garis do.  •  . 

S.  H.  Dean White  Haven. 


George  F.  Ripple,  . 

J.  R.  Smith 

M.  G.  Peters 

S.  W.  Trimmer,  .  . 
Jo8e])b  Handlong,  ■ 
Hamilton  Wallace, 

G.  W.  Kech 

E.  Pattersball. .  .  . 
James  W.  Kay,  .  . 
W.  A.  I^eisenring.  . 
A.  L.  Brodhead,  .  . 
C.  R.  Getzinger,    .  . 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
East  Mauch  Chunk, 

do.         do. 
Mauch  Chunk,  .  . 


*     *      •      • 


•     •     •     • 


•     •     • 


•     •     • 


John  Graaf I  Rockport,     ... 

G.  M.  Hurailton,  ....     Fountain  Spring, 


J.  C.  Biddlo,       . 
G.  8.  Ziegenfuss. 
Daniel  Voder,   . 
F/lward  McGill,    .  . 
John  W,  Eckert,  .  . 

W.  H.  Hlnes 

W.  H.  Hines, .  .  .  . 
S.  P.  Swortwood,  . 
L.  W.  Chase.  .  .  . 
T.  W.  Hurt 


do. 

do. 

do.. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

df>. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Carbon.  .  . 

do. 

do 

do.       .  . 
Schuylkill, 
do. 


•     •     • 


do.  do.      ... 

Steinsville Lehigh. 

Catasauqua do. 

Rocki>ort '  Carbon 


Coplay,  .  .  . 
Wilkesbarre, 

do. 
Mountainto]>. 
Wiikesltarre, 

do. 


Lehigh,  . 
Luzerue, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1..T00 

1.500 

1,5U0 

1,600 

l,5tt1 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.500 

1.500 

1,.500 

1,500 

L.-iOO 

1.500 

1..500 

1..500 

1,500 

L-IOO 

1,500 

1.500 

1.300 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,-500 

1.500 

1,500^ 

l..')Oli 

l.SOO 

1.500 

1,.tC0 

1..50II 

1,500 

1..D0 

1.500 

I.-IOO 

1,500 


I 


H 

^ 


110 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


Ill 


Brook  Trout  Fby— Continued. 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1891. 

Apr.  6, 
«, 
«. 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
6, 
8. 
«, 
ft. 
6. 
8, 


Name  or  Applicant. 


8.1 

8.' 
8/ 

8, 

» 

8,1 

I 

^  i 

8. 
«, 

10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10. 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 


I.  H.  Moore,  .  . 
C.  B.  Metzger,  . 
John  Thomas,  • 
E.  F.  Rosto,  .  . 
H.  L.  Moore,  •  . 
C.  F.  Esuth,  .  . 
J.  R.  Coowaugh, 
H.  W.  Althouse 
E.  S.  Silhiman, . 
E.  S.  Silhiman,  . 
M.  Litscb,  .  •  . 
George  W,  Oeiger, 
R.  Howbutten, . 
H.  A.  Keyser,    . 

C.  D.  Andrews, . 
Frank  Wentz,  . 
J.  A.  Depew,  .  . 
J.  J.  Gerhard,  . 
James  Gerhard, 
H.  S.  Thompson 

D.  F.  Laubensti 
K.  J.  Williams,  . 
John  White,  .  . 
Anthony  Garner, 
A.  B.  Garner,  . 
A.  B.  Garner,    . 

C.  A.  Weber,  .  . 
M.  H.  Kehler,  . 
R.  B.  Glover,  .  . 

E.  K.  Bitlemnn, 

D.  W.  Williams. 
O.  S.  Kehier,  .  . 
John  Snyder,     . 

C.  H.  Hugonbuck 

D.  11.  Snyder,    . 
J.  R.  P.  ScheiHey 
R.  Ilornberger, 

E.  F.  Kehler.  .  . 
R.  M.  Deuhler, . 
H   W.  Titmaa, . 


ne. 


PosTomcE. 


County. 


vVilkesbarre,  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Ashland.    .  .  . 
Mabanoy  City, 
do.         do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Hudsondale,    .  . 
Delano 

do 

Beaver  Meadows, 

do.  do. 

Pottsvllle,    .  .  . 

Ashland 

do.  •  • 


do 

do 

do.         

do.        ..... 

Fountain  Springs, 

Shenandoah,   .  . 

do.  .  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
<lo. 
.10. 
do. 
do. 


Luzeroe,    . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Schuylkill, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Carbon,     . 
Schuylkill, 

do. 
Carbon, 

do. 

Schuylkill, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
«io. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.tOO 
1.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 

1..T00 

1,500 
1,.tOO 
1,500 
l,.j(KI 
1,.V)0 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
l,.i00 
1,5U0 
1,.tOO 
l,.ilO 
1..J00 
l,.'i0O 
1,.5C0 
1,.')00 
1,.500 
l.-'jUU 
l,.50il 

L.'inc 

1..500 
I.'jOO 


1891. 


Apr.  10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11. 
11, 
11, 
11, 
11, 
II, 
U, 
11. 
11. 
11, 
11, 
13. 
13. 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13. 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 
13, 

la, 

Itt, 
1«, 

Irt, 

1»!. 


Name  op  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICB. 


E.  R.  Bitterman,    . 

C.  D.  Hornberger,  . 
N.  W.  Beddall,  .  .  . 
E.  C.  Wagner,  .  .  . 
R.  T.  Kresge,     .  .  . 

J.  A.  Supp, 

T.  H.  Serf  ass,  .... 
August  Baltz,  .  .  . 
Frank  SI  utter,  .  .  . 

T  F.  Feher 

Joseph  Teel 

L.  R.  Patrick,    .  .  . 

J. D.  Serf as 

T.  F.  Fritchman,  . 
James  A.  Ilergey,   . 

B.  Redfield 

G.  W.  Hoover, .  .  . 
Liuford  Wood,  .  .  . 

D.  L.  Crater 

U.  V.  Mutteson,  .  . 
H.  J.  McManus,   .  . 

H.  D  Heller 

William  Weiland,  . 

C,  J.  Waidner,  .  .  . 

E.  W.  Stark 

E.  B.  Long,     .  .      . 

E.  B.  Long 

Dathan  Morse,  .  .  . 
I.  P.  Rosencrance,  . 
E.  W.  Campbell,  .  . 

Fred  Saxe 

E.  W.  Williamson, 
Ben.  W.  Reld.    .  .  . 
George  W.  Kerns,  . 
Thomas  Stern,  .  .  . 
Jacob  Haehnlen,  .  . 

0.  C.  Bent 

L.  S.  Light, 

John  B.  Fisher,  .  . 
A.  Roat, 


Shenandoah,  .  .  . 

do.     .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

Girardville, .  .  .  . 

Gilbert 

do 

do 

Sciota, 

do 

do.        ...      .  . 

Kunkletown.  ■  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

Ettort 

Hanoverville,    .  . 

Telford 

Glenside, 

Fort  Washington, 

Ashbourne 

Narcis^a 

Ambler 

Doylestown,    .  .  . 
Hellertown,     .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

PIttston 

do 


do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

.lo.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Harrisburg, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Coonty. 


Schuylkill,   . 
do. 
do. 

do.  . 

Monroe, ... 
do.  ... 
do.  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
do. 

do.       ... 
do.       ... 
Montgomery, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
Luzerne,    .   .  ■ 
do.  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Dauphin, 
do. 
do. 

do. 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1..500 
1.500 
1,500 
1..500 
1,.500 
1,500 
1,.500 
1,500 
1,500 
1.500 
].!m 
l.-SOO 
1.500 
1,.500 
L.'.OO 
1,500 
1,500 
L.-iOO 
1,.WJ 
1..50) 
1,,500 
I.-tOO 
l..i00 
l..iOO 
1.500 
l,.i00 
1,5a) 
1,500 
1..500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.tOO 
1.300 
1,.500 


I 


; 


4. 


112 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Brook  Trout  Try— Continued. 


1891. 

Apr.  16, 
16, 
16, 
Ifi, 
16. 
16, 
16, 
16, 
16, 
16, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17. 
17, 
17, 
17, 
17, 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


K.  U.  Halderaan. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Harrisburg, 


G.  R.  Hanley Shamokin, 


G.  R.  Hanley,  .  . 
H.  G.  Williams,  . 
T.  M.  Williams,  . 

A.  F.  Thomas,  .  . 

F.  J.  Dauden,    .  . 
W.  V.  Barrett,  . 
J,  Alvord,    .  .  .  . 

G.  D.  Grieff,  •  . 

B.  F.  Kline,    .  . 
E.  A.  Walton,    . 
A.  R.  Strlckler, 
W.  R.  Gulbrear.h, 
Thomas  Stubbs, 


do.  .  ,  . 

Wiconisco,  .  .  . 
Willuimstown,  . 
Lj  kens,  .      .  .  • 

do 

do 

do.       

do 

Liberty  Square, 

Mt.  Nebo 

Mt.  Joy 

Slate  Hill,     .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 


County. 


Dauphm, 

Northumberland, 
do. 

Dauphin 

do 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


W.  McSparran ^est  Hangor, 


H.  S.  Tyson 

O.  A.  Small,    .... 

J .  C.  Welser, 

G.  C.  King 

Charles  I.  Nes 

17,  '  W.N.  Hilderbrand,  . 
17,  j  E.  A.  Warekeim,     .  . 

N.  S.  Strickler 

Daniel  Keller 

J.  A.  Wilsheimer,   .  • 

John  S.  Lentz 

A.  J.  Duriing 

John  Seabold 

W,  F.  Broadhead.  .  . 

R.  S.  Kemmerer, .  .  . 


17, 
17, 
17, 
20. 
30. 
20, 
•», 
20. 
30, 
20. 
20, 
20. 
20, 


I 


York,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Logan  vi  lie. 
Glen  Rock.  . 
Wrightsville 

do. 

Hanovei, .  • 

Lehightou,  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

!<cttlers. 


•     •     •     • 


J«)hn  Heil Kempton, 


E.  J.  Fox,     .  .  . 

R.  K.  Ituckmaii, 

M.T.  Warue,     . 

J.  R.  Jones,  .  • 
20,  j  C.  F.  Hanley,  . 
20,  \  1.  H.  Shinier,  .  . 
30,  i  M.  J.Shimer,  . 
20,  '  V.  F.  Erdley,  .  . 


Easton, 


I 


•  .  •  • 


do 

do 

Butztown,    .  . 

Freemanfbiirg, 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do.         .  • 
do.         ... 
do.  .  .  . 

do.        .  .  • 
do.        ... 
Lancaster,    .  . 
do. 
do. 

Vork 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Carbon,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do.        .  .  .  . 
Schuylkill,   .  . 

do. 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


•     •     •     • 


•     •     •     • 


1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,5U0 

1,500 

1,50U 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,600 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.508 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

MOO 

1.500 

1,600 

1,500 

1,500 

L.'iOO 

1.500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,50U 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 


No.  19.1 


Fish  Commissioneks. 


113 


Brook  Trout  Fry—  Continued. 


1891. 


Namic  of  Applicant. 


Apr.  20,     J    H.  Hummel, 
21,     J.  B.  Esser,  .  . 


21, 
21, 
21. 
21, 


D.  8.  Hicks,    . 

E.  J.  Sellers.  . 
C.  W.  Snyder. 
C.  W  Snyder, 


21,  I  Charles  Ludwig, 


21, 
21. 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 

22, 

22, 

MM, 

22. 


22. 
22 

2S 

a. 


Daniel  Ruth,  . 
Geo.  W.  Wcrtz. 
J.  L.  Bc'wretcli, 
James  M.  Fetherolf, 
C.  B.  Froment, 
Isaac  Barrett, 
H.  D.  Green,   .  . 
L.  P.  Rt'plen,  .  . 
W.  \j  (Jraul. 
R.  C  Trice,  .  .  . 
O  M.  C  Place. 
Wra.  Evans,   .   . 
Daniel  Meouweciser, 

W.  Price 

Wesley  Smith,  . 
Drtvi<l  M.  Crane,  . 
Seymour  Place,  . 
F  B.  Mikels,  .  . 
M.  K.  Fisher,  .  . 
Daniel  Bush,  . 
Grant  Fish  .  . 
Abraham  Albert, 
Gill)ert  Snow,  .  . 
John  S.  Snow,   .  . 

22,  I  L.  G    Lewis,    .  . 

23,  Charley  Wagner, 
22,  I  Williuni  Hensler, 
S8,  George  Crane,  .  . 
22  Charles  RHtz,  . 
22.  ,  Jacob  M.  Hush.  . 
S4.  I  A.  R.  J.  Wallace, 

24,  W.  H.TInsloW,     . 
24,     C.  E.  Haiikins.  .   ■ 

8-19-01. 


Bethlehem 

Kutztown, 

do.  

do 

do 

do 

Sinking  Springs,    .   . 
do.  •   . 

Werncrsville.  •  .  . 
Lower  Heidleljerg,  . 
Stony  Run,     .... 

Blaixlon 

Reading,    ...... 

do 

d<» 

Temple 

Cresccj 

do 

^fountain  Hoiise,     . 

Canadensis, 

do 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


•      •      • 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Stroudsburg, 
do. 
do. 


County. 


Northampton, 

Berks,  .   .  . 

do.  ... 

do.  .  .  ■ 

<io. 

do.  ... 

do. 

do. 

do.  .   .   . 

do.  ... 

do.  .  .  . 

do  ... 

do.  .  .  . 

do. 

do.  .  .  . 

do. 
Monroe,  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

ilo.  .    .   . 

do.  .   .  . 

an.  .  .  . 

do.  .   .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .   .   . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 

do.  .  . 

do,  .  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


1.300 

1.500 

1,.500 

l,.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

l.aOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,501) 

1..VI0 

L.-VOO 

l.iVX) 

\jm 

1,500 

■l,.500 

i..5ai 

l.-W 
1.500 
1,300 
1.300 

1..T00 

1,.300 

i,rm 

1..J00 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.30C 
1,300 
1,500 
1,300 
1,300 
1,500 


114 


Report  of  the 


Brook  Trout  FnY—Contimied. 


1891. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


H.  H.  Stecher,   • 
S.  S.  Smith,     .  . 
John  Si  1  wood,  . 
W.  G.  Lesh,    .  . 
Arthur  Staples, 
Edward  Hess,    . 
Jos.  Shiffer,    •  ■ 
J.  Edinger. .  .  . 
James  Edinger, 
A.  V,  A.  Miller, 
D.  H.  Brown,  .   . 
24,     G.  W.  Meredith, 
34,     Ed.  A.  Bell,     •  • 
24,     S.  H  jimes,  .  •  • 

24,  J.  B.  Williams,  . 
34,  A.J.  Heller.  .  . 
84,  H.  A.  Marsh,  .  . 
84,  Enoch  Flager.  . 
84,  William  Kautz. 
84,     Peter  F.  Beur, 

84,  F.  P.  Beur,     . 

85,  Charles  Albert, 

25,  E.  D.  Huffman, 


85, 
S5, 
25, 
25, 
26, 
SS. 
25. 
25. 
26, 


J.  HutTman,  .  .  . 
Harry  Labar,  .  . 
D.  W.  Bush.  .  .  . 
Bush  Miller,  .  •  . 

J.  L.  Bush 

Adam  B.  Strunk. 
S.  Rosen krans,  .  . 
J.  A.  Ruster,  .  .   . 
G.  Y.  Keller,  .  .  . 


26,  1  Frank  Ganwhy 


25, 
25. 
26. 
25. 
25, 


John  M.  Hill 

William  Ganwhy,  Jr.. 
A.  (\  I^>der,    .   . 

E.  T.  Peters 

Frank  Berns,     .... 


35.  I  Harry  Peters, 
85.     C.  L.  HcUer, 


•     •      •     • 


.'^troudsburg, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  .  • 

do. 

do.  •  • 

do. 
do. 

do.  •  • 

do. 
do. 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  . 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  . 

do.  .  • 

Seipstown.    .  .  < 
do.  .  .  . 

Marshalls  Creek 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Stroudsburg.  . 
do. 
do. 

do.  • 

do. 

do.  • 

do. 
Bushkill,  .  .  . 
do.         .  •  . 
do.         .  •  • 
do.         •  •  • 


•  •  •  • 


County. 


[Off.  Doc  . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  (^Jommissioners. 


115 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


•    •    * 


Monroe, . 
do. 
tlo. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Lehigh, 

do. 
Monroe, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do, 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Pike.    . 

do. 

do. 

do. 


1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.G00 

1,500 

1.600 

1,500 

1,600 

1,600 

UOO 

U600 

1,600 

1,600 

1.600 

1.500 

l.iiOO 

1,.W0 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,500 

\,rm 

1,.500 
1.500 
1,500 

1,500 
1.500 
l.'iOO 


! 

1891.      '    NA.ME  OF  Apph(;ant. 


Apr.  35. 
2.5, 
25. 
25, 
25. 
25, 
26, 
25, 


27. 


2T. 


2T, 
2:, 
27. 


28. 

28. 

28, 
28. 
28. 
28, 
28, 
28, 
28. 
28, 
'■it'. 


E.  P.  Peters 

S.  L.  Peters 

H  A.  Groman, .  .  . 
C.  H.  Wenhold,  .  . 
A.  B.  Levers,  .  .  . 
George  A.  Yohe,  .  . 
V.  M.  Schupp,  .  . 
M.  C.  Luckenbach, 
William  liesvine,  . 
Julius  Winsol,  ■  .  . 
T.  H.  Stiller,  .  .  .  . 

C.  F.  Hardy 

W.  TulhiU 

G.  Hasse 

David  lA'som,  .  .  . 
Henry  Lesom,  .  .  . 
George  r.«som,     .  . 

W.  J.  Price 

G.  B.  Decker,  .  .  . 
N.  H.  Detrick,  .  .  . 
A.  P.  Rinehart, .  .  . 
G.  Brj'ant,  .  .  .  . 
J.  W.  Carrell,  .  .  . 
J.  Anglemeyer.  .  . 
J.  M.  Warner,  .  .  . 
Caries  Rader,  .  .  . 
Jacob  Stouffer,  .  . 
Thomas  Miller,    .  . 

R.  Newhart 

G.  W.  Bowman,   .  . 

L.  T.  .Smith 

L.  Transue 

W.  H.  Heckman.  . 
W.  J,  Haniblin.  .  . 
John  Hamblin,    .  . 

C.  Brown 

E<lwin  Hagert.  .  . 
M.G.  Sellers.  .  .  . 
W.  J.  Sellars.  .  . 
J.  Kisterboch,  .  .  . 


P08TOFFICE. 


Bushkill,  .  . 

do.         .  . 

Bethlehem.  . 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Aualomink, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Scrunton.  .  . 
Easton.  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 
Blakeslee,  . 
Houser  Mills. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Mt.  Pocono, . 

do. 

do. 
Swiftwater.  • 

do. 

do.         .  . 

TannersviUe.  . 

Parkside.  .  .  . 

do.        .  .  . 

do.        .  .  . 

do.        .  .  , 


County. 


ft  iKe.    .... 
do.      .  ,  ,  .  . 
Northampton, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Monroe, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Lackawanna, 
Northampton 

do. 
Monroe, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


No.  OP  F18H 
Shipped. 


1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
1.600 
1.60U 
1.600 
1.600 
1.600 
1.600 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
IJSOO 
1,800 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
1,500 
1,800 
1,600 
UOO 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
1,600 
IJSOO 
1,600 
UOO 
UOO 
1,600 
1,600 
1,800 
1.800 
UOO 
1.600 
1.600 
1.600 
1.600 
1.600 


il 


116 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc  , 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


117 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


1891. 


Name  ov  Applicant. 


POSTOKFICE. 


Apr.  28,     M.  J.  Smith, 

38.      W.  W.  Hughes, 
28,     E.  J .  Uepsher, 
28,     Mrs.  W.  E.  Henry, 
28,  I  Harvey  E.  Bush,     • 
28,  i  L.  J.  Price 

28,  S.  T.  Detriek,  .  .  . 
2^,  W.  ('.  Henry,  .  .  • 
^•8.  Kujrene  Henry,  .  . 
•Jh,  W.  A.  Hiizelton,  .  . 
'»\     M.  \V.  Hurley,  .  •  . 

29,  \y.  U.  Ik-ek 

29,      NV.  U.  lUck 

29,  i  Georiye  Frit/.     .  .  . 

W.  S.  Hurvey.  .   .   . 

GeorMre  A.  Smith,    . 

}!9,     Charles  Kissler,    .  . 

29,     James  Williams,  .  . 

F.  Guiles 

39,     .1.  H.  Shaw 

29,  n.  U.  Frederick,  .  . 
29,  H.  W.  Ilrodhead,  . 
2ft,  John  I).  Hrodliead, 
29.  A. «'.  Groves,  .  .  .  . 
29,  (t.  1).  Shannon,  .  . 
29,      H.  W.  Hauser,  .  .  . 

89,  j  L.  Beck 

2«.t,     F.  II.  Miller 

May    1,     .I.M.  Gayner,    .  .  . 

1,     Ed.  Snow  ... 

1,     Jamea  Hrewer, .  . 

1,     George  !?eesei    .  . 

1,     Lallan  Ia'Wis.    .  . 

1,     Philip  Hush,  .  .  . 

1,     Allen  Price,  .  •  . 

1.  '  r.  Hensler 

1,     Stephen  Warden, 

1.     W.  .J.  Price,    .  .  . 

1,     W.  D.  Price, 


County. 


Parkside, 

do 

do.         

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Ixidgedale,    ■  .  .  • 

Daleville I  Lackawanna, 


Monroe, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Wayne, 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Moscow 

do 

(touldsboro  Station,    • 

do.  .... 

Honesdale.   ..... 

Clifton 

Tobyhauna  Mills,     .  . 

do.  do. 

Delaware  Water  Gat>, 
do.  do. 

d<».  do. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 

dc.  do. 

do.  do. 

Helvidere.  N.  J..    .  . 

Richmond 

Canadensis, 

do 


•      •      • 


F.  Price, 


df 

do 

do.         .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do.         .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

Mountain  House, 


do. 
do. 
Wayne,  . 

do. 

do. 

do 

Monroe, .  .  .  . 

do.        ... 

«i(>.        •  •  • 

do.        ... 

do.         ... 

do. 

do.        .  •   . 

do.        •  .  • 

do.        ... 

do.        .  .  . 
Northampton 
Monroe, .  .  . 

do.        .  •  • 

do. 

do.        .  .  . 

do. 


•      •     • 


do. 
do. 
do. 
<lo. 
do. 
do. 


l,-)00 
1.50(1 
1,500 
1,5(K^ 

i,r)(io 

1,50(1 
l..')00 
1.500 
l,.-)00 
1,300 

ijm 

1,.500 
1,500 
1,.50U 
1,.500 
1,500 
l,f«) 

l,.T0(i 

l.-'iOO 

l.-'iOO 

1,300 

1,300 

1,600 

1,300 

l,!iOO 

1,300 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,300 

1,500 

1,500 

l.!)00 

1,.500 

1,500 

1,.5C() 

1,500 

1,500 

l.-Vlt 

l..'J(Ki 

i,r>oct 


Brouk  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


May     1,      Frank  Mills, 
1.     AlleaUtt, 

E.  T.  Long 
1,     ,1.  C.  ChamlK-rlan, 

.John  Gould 
1,     .1.  W.  Chamberlan, 
1,      Henry  Scheyler, . 
1,     Geo.  Bergstresscr, 
1.      H.  Whitaker, 

1,  A.  B.  Linderman, 

2.  Walter  Herger, 
2,     Frank  Ko8el)erry, 
2,      K.  G.  HfMiver 
2,     George  A.  Gehring, 
2,      H.  M.  Phillips 
2,     A.  E.  Hasenaner, 

2.      H.  C.  Lnt 

2,      William  Sheet/,,    . 
2,      II.  B.  (ilassmier, 
2,     E.  G.  Faust 
2,     John  Owens, 

W.  P.  Bishop, 
W.  A.  Davis, 
L.  C.  Anstock,  . 
.1.  H.  F.mrieh,     .   . 
M.  M.  Dreibeilis,  . 
E<1.  Mayl)erry 
David  Proust, 
4,  '  Ed.  Kaercher, 
4,     A.  it.  Lanil>erson, 
4,     Clias.  Ik-nsinger 
4,     .1.  1>.  Moyer, 
4,      W.  1).  FillK'it,  . 
4,      David  A.  Boyer, 
4,     M.  L.  Hershey, . 

4,  Chas.  S.  Havard. 
R.  S.  Whec'ler,  . 

:.,      E.  1>.  Day,    .  . 
6,  I  H.  P.  Wilcox,    . 

5,  I  Daniel  LaRue, 


118 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Boc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


119 


Brook  Troui  Yiw—ConUmied. 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


1891.       Name  OF  Applicant. 


May    5,  W.  S.  Hopkins,     . 

5,  K  M.  Hopkins.     . 

5,  M   A.  Goodwin,    . 

5,  G.  M.  Hallstead,  . 

5,  ('.  H.  Fisher,  •   •  . 

5,  George  W.  Okell, 

5,  R.  S.  Adams,  .  . 

5,  I»  F.  Hutterfleld, 

5,     Ed.  Miles 

5,  A.  S.  SluiU 

6,  I  G.  W,  Confer,    .  . 


POSTOKFICE. 


County. 


I  No.  OF  Fish 
'    Shipped. 


fi,  J.  H.  Hufman.  .   . 

6,  W.  D.  Fritz,    .  .  . 

«•),  George  Lazarus,  . 

fi,  C,  B.  Lazarus,  . 

6,  Henry  Will)er,  .  . 

tt.  Urban  Dilley.     •  • 

6,  K.  A.  Whiteman, 


6, 
fi, 
8. 
8. 
8, 
8, 
8, 
8. 
8, 
8, 
8. 
H. 

n, 

11, 
11. 
11. 
II. 
11, 
H, 
11, 

n. 


E.  M.  Bradshaw,  .  .  . 

C.  C.  Rhodes 

D.  K.  Hani  bright,  .  , 
H.  C.  Trexler,    ... 
A.  E.  Farrell,    •  .  • 
Robert  Gounley,     • 
A.  H.  Baumgartner, 
W.  Stevenson,  • 

W.  L.  Stevenson, 
John  M.  Rahm,    .   . 
O.  W.  Weaver,     .  . 
S.  A.  Sturdevant, 
S.  A.  Sturdevant,    . 

P.  Riley 

B.  W.  Edwards,  .  . 
.1.  W.  Stoend,  .  .  . 
Martin  Saxe,  -  .  . 
John  M.  M osier, 
Lincoln  Welles, 
W.  C.  Bradshaw,  .  . 
R,  J.  Fuller, 


Scrauton,        •  . 
Schultzville,    .  • 
Scrantou, .  .  .  . 
do. 

do 

do.  .  .  .  . 
Kingslej',  .  .  .  . 
Elmhurst,     .  .  . 

DaltoD, 

Martins  Creek,  . 
Shickshinny,  ■  • 
Hampton  Mills, 

do.       do. 
Wilkesbarre,  .  . 
do, 
do. 
do.  • 

Noxen 

Parsons,    .  ■  • 
do.        ... 

Sayre 

Allentown,  .  . 
Lo)>ez,    .... 


•     •     •     • 


11,  !  Sharp  &*  Richards, 


do. 

do.        .  . 
Sayre, .  .  . 

do.     ... 
Towanda, 
Dushore,    . 

Meshopfwn, 

do.  .... 

Auburn  Four  Comers, 

Laceyville 

Black  Walnut 

Wilraot 

Elwell 

Wyaluslng 

Stevensville,    .   .  .  .  . 

Camptown, 

Ransom.       


Lackawanna 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Su8<iuchanna, 
Lackawanna,  • 

do. 
Northampton, 
Luzerne,    .  .  ■ 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.       .  .  < 
do. 
Wyoming,    . 
Luzerne,    •  . 

do. 
Bradford,  .  . 
I^ehigh,      .  . 
Sullivan,   .  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  • 
Bradford,  •  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
Sullivan,   .  . 
Wyoming,    . 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Bradford,  .  . 
do. 
do. 
do. 

do.  .  . 

Lackawanna 


.  •      .  « 


.  •  .  .  . 


1,500 
!,500 
1,500 
i,500 

l,.TlX) 

1.500 

\,mi 

1,.tOO 

1,300 

1,500 

1.500 

1,.500 

1,900 

1,500 

1,500 

1,900 

1,500 

1,900 

1,SC0 

1,900 

1,900 

1,.500 

1.500 

1,900 

1,500 

1,900 

1,.tOO 

1,900 

1..W0 

1,500 

1.5UD 

l..'iOO 

1,.J00 

l,iJOO 

l,.iOO 

l.iK)0 

l,.iOO 

I,. "500 

l..')00 

1,900 


18»1. 

May  13, 
1', 
13, 
13, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 

14,  : 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14. 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

14, 

15, 

15, 

15. 

15, 

15, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18. 


Name  op  Applicant. 


POSTOKFICE. 


County. 


Henry  Correll,  •  .  . 

N.  Gehret 

W.  H.  Honsberger. 
J.  Lindemuth,  .  . 
James  McHugh,  .  . 
Hugh  Malloy,   .  .  • 

Max  Reese 

W.  Kimmel 

J.  G.  Sedden,  .... 
Geo.  W.  Bussell,  .  . 
Robf.  Gauff,  .... 
Chas.  Wetherill,  .  . 
L.  Altemose,  ... 
J.  M.  Altemose,  .  ■ 
H.  F.  Frankenfleld, 

H.  Mosier, 

M.  D.  Furu 

J.  Mosteller 

E.  H.  GernsauUy,  . 
D.  Shoemaker,  .  .  . 

F.  H.  Hess 

James  Flanagan,  . 
C.  P.  Hardick,  .  . 
W.  A.  Flanagan,  .  . 
J.  M.  Brown,  .  .  . 
F.  W.  Coroman,  .  . 
L.  H.  Fish,  .  .  .  . 
JohnG.  Heft,  .  . 
J.  P.  Wetherill,    .  . 

B.  M.  Wlnton,  .  .  . 
Gilbert  White, .  .  . 
William  Histcd,   .  . 

C.  R.  Smith 

W.  Van  Dome,  •  .  . 

W.  Law, 

H.  C.  Linderman, 
Warren  Lake,   .  .  . 
H.  W.  Kessier,  .  .  . 
C.  R.  Casterlan,    .  . 
W.  W.  Messenger,  . 


•     ■     •     • 


Albany, .  .  . 
Moselem,  .  . 
Tamaiiua,  . 
Ringtown,  . 
Freeland,  .   . 

do. 
Shenandoah, 

do. 
Mahanoy  City 
Audenried,  . 
Jeansville,  . 
Philadelphia, 
Effort,  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  • 
Frutcheys,   . 

do. 
Coolbaughs, 
.•^nydersville. 
Coolbaughs, 
Stroudsburg, 

do. 
Shoemakers, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Bethlehem,  . 
Peckville,     . 
Honesdale,  . 
Carbondale, 

do. 
Archbald,     . 
do. 
do. 
Pleasant  Mount,  .  .  . 

Starucca 

Thompson, 

do.  


•     •     • 


Berks,     .  .  . 

do.        ... 

Schuylkill,    . 

do. 
Luzerne,   .  . 
do.        .  . 
Schuylkill.    . 
do. 
do. 
Carbon, .  .  . 
Luzerne,    . 
Philadelphia. 
Monroe,  •  .  . 
do.        ... 
do.        ... 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        ... 
do. 

do.        ... 
do.        ... 
do.        ... 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        ... 
do. 
do.        .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
Northampton, 
Lackawanna, 
Wayne,  . 
Lackawanna, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Wayne,  .  .  . 
do.        .  .  . 
Su8<iuehanna, 
do. 


•     •  ■      •      ■      *      • 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1.500 

L.nOO 

1,500 

1,500 

1,501) 

1,900 

1,500 

L.vm 

l,.'iOO 

1,500 

l,.j«iO 

1..00 

l..'>00 

1.300 

l.-'iOO 

l,.T0tt 

l,ij00 
l,.SOll 
1..500 
1,900 
1,500 
1,500 

i,.Ta) 

1,500 


120 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


121 


Brook  Trout  Fry — Continued. 


IMtl. 

May   18, 

IS, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
-"0, 

ao, 

20, 

-'(•, 

20, 

ao, 

20, 
20. 
21. 
21, 
31, 
21, 
21, 
36, 
25, 

25, 
25, 
25. 


27. 


Name  ok  Appl-icant. 


POSTOFFICK. 


C.  It.  Casterlan,       .  .  .  '  Thompson  . ,   . 

A.  A.  Corey, Uuiondale,  .  . 

San  ford  Burns do.  •  . 

J.  E.  Thomas, do.  .  . 

Oscar  White, j  Tompkinsville, 

F.  H.  Striker |  Jermyn,        .  . 


F.  M.  Groves do 

S.  W.  Cook do. 

F.  C.  Church ;       do. 

J.  D.  Stocker, do. 

A.  R.  Strickicr ,  Mt.  Joy,     .  . 

R.  E.  Long Cochranville, 

E.  Ruser, ,  Cains,  .  . 

C.  N.  Garlxir. ,  Columbia,     . 

K.  R.  McDevitt,    ....  do. 


J.  M.  Eckert, Gap,     •  .  . 

I 
Ellis  T.  Good Atglen,  .  - 

I 
(Jrandville  PriJier, .  .  .     Lionville,  . 

Peter  D.  llrady,  ....     Hatt<)n, 

I 
J.  N.  Siper,     .....     McConnellsburjr 

Philip  Fendrick, .  •  •  •  Mereersburg,  . 

J.  H.  Selhimer Lewistown,.  . 

J.B.Selhiraer do. 

J  no.  James,    .:....  Westchester. 


27. 
29. 


R.  T.  Ellicott,  .  . 
Fred  A.  Howard  . 
William  Shafer.  . 
W.  H.  Livezey.  . 
Louis  RergdoU,  . 
A.  R.  Worth,  .  .  . 
1).  K.  Burkholder, 
G.  H.  Vallentine. 
George  N.  Worst, 
George  N.  Worst. 
E.  L.  Sutton,  .  .  . 
J.  H.  Landls,  .  .  . 
H.  C.  Demuth.  .  . 
James  Duffy,  .  . 
M  M.  Missiraer,  . 
David  Stoneback, 


do. 

Chester 

Spring  City,  . 
Germantown. 
Philadelphia, 
Colerain,  ■  .  . 
QuarryviUe,  . 
Womelsdorf,  • 
I/eaman  Place, 

do. 
New  Holland, 
Witraer,  .  .  . 
Lancaster,  ■  . 
Marietta,  .  ■  . 
St.  Peters,  .  . 
do.  .  . 


County. 


8u8<iuebanna, 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Lackawanna. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Lancaster,    .  . 

do.  .  < 

ilo.  .   ' 

do. 

do.  .  . 

do. 
Chester, .  .  . 
do.  ... 
Cumberland, 
Fulton,  .  .  . 
Ffanklin.  .  . 


•     •     •     • 


Mifflin, 

do 

Chester, 

do.      

Delaware,     ..... 

Chester, 

Philadelphia,  .... 

do 

Lancaster, 

do 

Herks,  . 
Lancaster, 
do. 


.  •  •  « 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 

<  'liester, 
do. 


No.  orFitiH 
Shippeu. 


1,.'^ 
1,500 
1.500 
1,500 
l..-)CO 
1,500 
1.500 
1,501 
l,.5tX( 
1,.')00 
1,5(10 
l.-iOO 
1,500 
l..iOO 
I,.-iCO 
]..'iOO 

i.:,<io 

1,500 

],.500 

1,500 

1,.V10 

1,500 

1.500 

1,.5U) 

1,.V)0 

!,.'.<)0 

l..'i(IO 

i,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,.5U0 

L-IOO 

l.-TOO 

9,000 

1.G00 

1.500 

1,500 


Brook  Trout  Fry— Continued. 


Distribution  of  Lake  Trout  Fry. 


Distribution  of  California  Trout  Fry. 


1889. 

Feb.  31. 
21, 
21, 
21, 
36, 

Mar.  i:i, 
13. 
13, 
13. 
13, 
15, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
20, 

Apr.  1, 
3, 
8, 
8, 


A.  Mitchell 

G.  M.  Harding 

O.  A.  Peters 

W.  A.  Leiscnring,  .  .  . 
A.  Roat 

A.  Metzger, 

V.  Roch 

B.  F.  Evans 

M.  I.  Corbett, 

0.  M.  Halstead.    .  . 

R.  R.  Engle  &  Son,  .  .  . 
H.  L.  Moore,     

C.  C.  Rhoads 

H.  Dresher 

W.  Nungeser 

1.  Applegate 

H.  D.  Green, 

C.  H.  S|K>akman.     .  .  . 

J.  D.  Knight 

r.  F.  Wagner, 

11.  L.  Halbtead 


Wilkesbarre,  . 
do. 

Jordan 

Mauch  Chunk, 
Harrisburg,  . 
Stroudsburg.  . 
Scranton,  .  •  . 
Clarks Green,  . 
Scranton,  .  .  . 

do.  .  .  . 
Boycrtown,  .  . 
Wilkesbarre,  . 
Parsons,  .  .  . 
Ringtown,    .  . 

do.  .  . 

do. 
Reading.    .  .  . 
Coatesville, 
Clarks  Green, 
Scranton,  .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 


1891. 

Name  or  Applicant. 

POSTOKFK-E. 

County. 

No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 

May  29, 

H.  C.  Penny  packer.  .  . 
N.  J.  Waitreight,    .  .  . 

H.  A.  Longacre 

J.  P.  Jones, 

Thomas  Schofleld,  .  .  . 
L.  M.  Mazurie,     .... 

Phcenixville, 

do 

Jeffersonville,    .... 

Norristown 

Manayunk, 

Dillingersville 

Chester. 

1,500 
1,SOO 
1.500 
1,500 
.\50U 
1,50C 
1,348.500 

29, 

29, 

29, 

do 

Montgomery 

do.           

Philadelphia, 

Lehigh 

\pr.    e. 

W.  H.  Himes 

Wilkesbarre, 

Luzerne 

6,000 

13, 

Thomas  Steram,  .... 

Pittston,    ....... 

do 

8.000 

13, 

W.  D.  Evans 

do 

do 

8,000 

May    h, 

■ 

S.  W.  Kellum 

Scranton,  

Lackawanna, 

4,500 

26,500 

Luzerne,    .  . 

do. 
Lehigh,  .  .  . 
Carbon,  .  .  . 
Dauphin,  .  . 
Monroe,  .  .  . 
Lackawanna 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Berks.     .  .  . 
Luzerne,    .  . 
do.         .  . 
Schuylkill,    . 
do. 
do. 
Berks,        .  . 
Chester,  .  .  . 
Lackawanna, 

do. 

do. 


4.000 

2.000 
S.00O 
2.500 
2,600 
2,500 
2,-500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
5,000 
3,500 

2,.'><10 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2.500 
2.000 
2,00t 


I 


122 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc  . 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners 


123 


California  Trout  Fm— Continued. 


1889, 


Name  of  Applicant. 


Apr.    8.  i  C.  E.  Butler.  .  • 
8,  I  S.  B.  Sturdeford. 


POSTOFKICE. 


8. 
30, 

ao. 

•May    6. 
21. 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21. 
21, 
21. 
21, 
21, 
21, 
June  20, 
20, 
20, 
20. 
20, 
20, 
20, 
20, 
30, 
20, 
20. 
20, 
20, 
July  24, 
Aug.  10, 

18m. 

Feb.  20, 

20, 

20, 

Apr.    9. 

11, 
24, 


J.  P.  Crawford. 
S.  B.  McCain, 
J.  P.  Taylor,  .  • 

D.  M.  Leiby,  •  • 

E.  Woodring,     • 

F.  Sweeney,  .  • 
J.  1.  Brogan,  . 
J.  Collins,  .  •  • 
A.  Rudewick,    ■ 

G.  McGee,   •  •  - 
P.  Dasch,  .  .  .  . 
P.Gillespie,   . 
H.  W.  Meyers, 
S.  n.  Stilwell, 
C.  Black,  .  .  . 
O.  J.  Bailey,   • 
R.  V.  Fox,  .  . 

B.  Flowers,  . 
W.  Bates,  .  .  . 
W.  Russ,  .  .  . 

C.  Westbrook, 
F  R.  Leib.  .  . 
E.  Snyder,  .  . 
G.  F.  Rolirer,  . 
C.  L.  Herman, 
H.  E.  Crilly,  . 
T.T.Miller,  . 
W.  L.  Powell, 
W.Stel  wagon. 


Wilkesbarre,  • 
do. 
do.  • 

Rush 

Montrose,  •  •  • 
nermansville, 
Freciaud,  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Upper  Lehigh, 

do.       do. 
Rock  port,     .  . 
Hazleton,     .  . 
Scranton,  .  .  . 
Harriebuig,     • 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Allentown,  . 
Easton,  .  .  ■ 
Harrisburg, 
Egypt  Mills, 


do. 


A.  L.  Brodhead |  East  Mauch  Chunk, 

W.  Pagle, do.       do.       do. 

W.  A.  Leisenrlng,  ...      do.       do. 

J,  C.  Biddle j  Ashland,    .  . 

E.  Datesman !  West  Milton, 

C.  Hubbard,  ......  I  Curbundale, 


County. 


No.  OF  Fisii 

SHIPPED. 


Luzerue,    .  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  .  . 

do.  ... 

Susquehanna. 
do. 

Lehigh 

Luzerne,  .  .  . 
do.  ... 
do.  .  .  • 
do.  .  .  . 
do.  •  .  . 
do.  .  •  • 
do.         ... 

Carbon 

Luzerne,    .  .  . 

Lackawanna,  ■ 

Dauphin,  .  .  • 

do.         .  .  • 

do.         .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.         .  .  . 

do.  •  •  • 

do.  •  •  < 

do.         •  .  • 

do.  ■  . 

Lehigh,  .  .  .  . 

Northampton, 

Dauphin,  .  . 

Pike,    .... 


Carbon 

do 

do 

Schuylkill,  .  . 
Union,  .  .  .  . 
Lackawauaa, 


2,000 
2,000 
2,000 

-',0(IU 

2,00(1 

2,000 

2.000 

2.000 

2,000 

2,000 

2.00(t 

2,000 

2.0110 

2.fl00 

2,000 

4,(100 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1.500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

1,500 

l,.-iOO 

1,500 

3.000 

4,00lt 

1,1100 

2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,500 
2,000 


1890. 


Apr.  24, 

24, 

May    5, 

June  2, 

4, 

4, 

July  17, 

21, 

21, 

1891. 

Mar.  2, 

31, 

Apr.    3, 

16, 

10, 

10. 

16, 

10, 

IT, 

IT, 

17. 

IT, 

IT, 

29. 

29, 

May    2, 

6, 

6, 

8, 

21, 

21, 

21, 


California  Trout  Fhy— Continued. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


H.  L.  Smith,  . 
J.  W.  Aitkins, 
W.  S.  Kelly,    . 


J.  H.  Bleistein,    . 
Thomas  Lucker, 
John  Dougherty, 
W.  L.  Powell,    .  . 
G.  C.  Emigh,  .  .  . 
Henr}'  Barr,      .  . 


D.  H.  Ames,  .... 

E.  W.  Twaadell.  .  . 

A.  C.  Snyder,  .... 
G.  W.  Olewme.  .  . 
A.J.  Weltzer.       .  . 

O.  W.  Reily 

J.  H.  M.  Alberten, 
O.  D.  Moyer.     .  .  . 
Jonas  Lerban,  ■  .  . 
George  S.  House,    . 

C.  L.  Elliott 

G.  C.  Kare 

Ed.  Ness, 

W.  H.  Case 

J.  R.  Carapton, .  .  . 

B.  C.  Weidman,  .  . 
W.  Robinson,  .  .  . 
J.  S.  Bachman,    .  . 

D.  M.  Hinman,  .  . 
L.  R.  Funda,  .... 
George  C.  Chapin,  . 

C.  E.  Shaffer, 


POSTOFFICE. 


Carbondale, 

do. 
Wilkesbarre, 


Duncannon, 
Bear  Creek, 
Meshoppen,  . 
Harrisburg. 
Martinsburg, 
do. 


Montsera,  .... 
Devon,  .  .  .  ■  , 
White  Haven,  .  . 
Fort  Hunter.  .  .  . 
Linglestown,  .  .  . 
Fort  Hunter,  .  .  . 
Harrisburg,     .  .  . 

Pillow 

York 

do 

do 

do 

Re<l  Lion 

Tobyhanna  Mills, 

do. 
Pottsville     .  .  .  . 

Scranton 

Gouldaboro,     .  .  . 

Mouroeton 

Milton . 

do 

Maple  Hill 


County. 


Lackawanna,     .  .  . 

do.  .  .  .  . 

Luzerne, 

Perry 

Luzerne, 

Wyoming 

Dauphin 

Blair 

do 

Cumberland,  .  .  .  . 

Chester 

Luzerne 

Dauphin 

do 

do 

do 

do 

York. 

do 

do.     ........ 

do 

do 

Monroe 

do 

Schuylkill 

Lackawanna 

do 

Bradford. 

Northumberland,    . 

do. 
Adams 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped, 


2,000 

2,000 

4,000 

48,.tOO 


2.000 
4,500 
1,500 
0.000 
1.000 
2,000 

1,500 

i,m) 

1.500 
1.500 
1,500 
1,.50U 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,.tOO 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
l,.'i00 
1,500 
1,500 
1,500 
1..500 


53.000 


124 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Distribution  of  California  Trolt  Two  Years  Old. 


POSTOFFICE. 


Nov.  26,  I  J.Orr,  .  •  • 
36,  J.  F.  Daniel, 
26,      H.  V.  Green, 


•     •      •      « 


26. 
26, 
26, 
26, 


i*% 


C.  H.  Schaeffer, 
H.  R.  Green, 
J.  R.  Getz,  .  . 


n.-i 


27, 

29, 

2fl, 

29, 

29, 

29, 

4, 

4, 

4, 


W.  L.  Powell 

J.  J.  Flanaghan,  .  .  . 
J.  L.  Camell, .... 
C.  D.  Weyman,    .  . 
0.  Hogart,  .... 

W.  Connell 

E.  E.  Tower, Hop  Rottom. 

W.  D.  Yothers,    ....     Cresco,    .  .  • 


Reading,    •  . 

do.  .  • 

do.  •  . 

do.  .  . 

do, 

do.  •   • 

Harrisburg, 
ScrantoD,  .  ■ 

do.         .  . 

do.         .  . 

do. 

do. 


L  E.  Johnson,    . 

H.Meili 

C.  B.  Wilkinson, 
J.  M.  Baker,  •  . 


Media, 

do. 
do. 
do. 


C.  W.  Bergner, ,  Ambler, 


W.  Bates 

W.  Rubs, 

O.  E.  McClellan, 

4,     G.  C.  Bent 

4,     A.  J.  Fager,    .  .  . 
4,     V.  E.  H.  Breisford, 
4,  I  ,L  Boyd.    .   • 
4,  I  H.  M.  Vanzandt,  . 
4,  1  R.  V.  Fox 


Harrisburg, 
do. 
<lo. 
do. 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


4. 
4, 
4, 

6. 
6, 
6, 


A.  J.  Meredith F^^banon, 

I 

J.  K.  Funck,     .      .  .  .  !  do. 

J.  R.  Seidle do. 

C.  E.  Met/.ger I  Harrisburg, 

T.  B.  Robinson,     ...     '  do. 


J.  C.  Brandt.  . 

W,  J.  Itose, .  . 
6,  E.  r.  Gardner, 
6,  J.  .1.  H inkle,  . 
6,  A.  Z.  Hade,  . 
fi,  J.D.Miller,  . 
C.     A.  R.  Miller,  . 


Meehanicsburg, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


County. 


Berks,     .  .  .  • 
do.        .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do.        .  .  .  . 
Dauphin,  . 
Lacliawanna,  • 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Susquehanna, 

Monroe 

Delaware,     .  . 

do.         .  . 

do.         .  . 

do.         .  • 

Montgomery, 

Dauphin,  .  . 

1       do.  •  • 


do. 
i\n. 

ill).  •    . 

do. 
do. 
do. 

do.         .  • 

Lebanon,    .  . 

do.         .  . 

do.         .  . 

Dauphin, 

do.  .  . 

CumlR-rland, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


No.  OF  FlSU 

Shipped. 


15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
150 
80 
90 

ao 
ao 

80 

ao 

80 
90 
80 
80 

ao 

4S 
15 
15 
15 
15 

n 

15 

15 

15 

IS 

15 

15 

IS 

16 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


125 


California  Trout  Two  Years  Old — Continued. 


1889. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICB. 


County. 


R.  H.  Thomas,  .  .  . 
j  H.  E.  Hershey,  .  . 
'  Mayer  &  Brigntbili, 

F,.  Huffman 

E.  D.  Huffman,  .  . 
I  H.  Huffman 

H.  C.  Ford 

M.  VanGorden, 

P.  F.  Fulmer.    .  .  . 

A.  E.  Winlock,  .  .  . 

W.  A.  lAMsenring,   . 

A.  L.  Brodhead,  .  . 

H.  Hughes,     .... 

I  W.  Payle 

I  E.  M.  Mulhearn.  .  . 

John  Bell 

W.  Russ 

I  C.  Haehnlcu,  .... 

C.  I.  Nes 

L.  E.  Wells 

G.  W.  Twlningry,  . 

T.  B.  Koous.  .      .  . 

J.  n.  Fisher 

O.  E.  McClellan,  .  . 

A. Roat 

G.  C.  Bent 


Dec.    6, 

6, 

6, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
13, 
13. 
13, 

i:<. 

13, 
13, 

i:. 

IT, 
17, 
17, 

30, 

:K), 

30, 

31, 

81, 

31. 

31, 

31, 

31, 

31, 

31, 

31, 
1890. 
Jan.    7,     A.  C.  Lodor,   . 
7,     A.  Maginnis.  ■ 
7,      F.  H.  Jermis, 
7,     J.  L.  Everhard. 
7.     W.  Robinson, 
7,      K.  Innis,   .  .  . 
7,     LS.  <^ise.     .  . 
7,     !<.  A.  Com  pier. 


W.  Russ,      . 
W.  H.  Black, 
A.  CSwope, 
H.  W.  dine. 
W.  J.  Rose, 


•     •     • 


Mechanicsburg. 
Harrisburg,     .  . 

Derry 

Marshalls  Creek, 
do. 
do. 
Philadelphia, 
Egypt  Mills, 
Dingmans  Ferry, 
Wilkesbarre,  . 
Mauch  Chunk, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Marietta,  .  . 
Harrisburg, 

do. 

York 

Weissport,    . 
Mauch  Chunk 
Waloutport, 
Harrisburg, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Stroudsburg, 
Swiftwater,  . 
Scranton.  .   . 

do.  .    . 

do.  .    . 

Dunnfngs,    . 

Tobyhanna  Mill 

do.  do. 


Cumberland, 
Dauphin,  -  . 

do. 

Monroe,     .  . 

do.       ... 

do.       ... 

Philadelphia. 

Pike.    .      .  . 

do 

Luzerne,    ■  . 

Carbon,  .  .  . 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

Lancaster,    . 

Dauphin.  .  . 

do.         .  . 

Vork 

Carlwn,  .  .  . 

do.        ... 

do.        ... 

Dauphin,  .  . 

do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Monroe.  .  .  . 
do.       ... 
Lackawanna, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
•MonrfH'.  . 
do.       ... 


No.  OF  Fisn 
Shipped. 


15 
15 
15 
45 

60 
00 
45 
30 
15 

ao 

75 

ao 

30 
30 
90 
15 
15 
15 
150 
W 

m 

30 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

m 

•M 
90 
.111 
30 

.m 
ao 


126 


RErORT  OF  THE 


[Off.  Doc, 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


127 


California  Trout  Two  Years  OhT>— Gontinved. 


1890. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


PrtSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Jan.    :,     J.  W.  Brink,  . 

J.  B.  Smith.    . 
■  I 
U.     J.S.  Harding, 

14,  I  L.  E.  Wills,     . 

16,     C.  W.  Paskin, 

10,  1  H.  L.  Dttddow, 

16,  i  M.  J.  Carroll, 

16,  I  J.T.  Little,     . 

16,     C.  Frantz,    .  . 

16,     J.  F.  Brown,  . 

21,    8.  H.  Lee,    .  . 

21,     N.  S.  Beadle, 

21.     C.  E.  Brcckons, 

Feb.  20,     J.S.  Lentz,  .  . 

Mar.  29,     Samuel  Peters 
29,     Edward  Peters 

May    2,     J.  W.  Carrell, 
2.     8.  Bixler,  .  .  . 


Dunmore,     • 
do. 

Wilkesbarre, 

Lehig-hton,  . 

Pottsville,    ■ 

St.  Clair,    .  . 
do. 

do.  •  • 
do.  •  • 
do.  •  • 
do. 

do.  .  < 
do.        .  ' 

Packer  ton. 

Bushkill,  • 

do. 
EastOD,  .  . 


do. 


Lackawanna,  • 

do. 

Luzerne,    .   •  • 

Carbon,  .  .  .  . 

Schuylkill,  ■  . 

do.  •  • 

do.  •  • 

do. 

do.  •  . 

do.  •  • 

do.  .  • 

do. 
do.  •  ■ 

Carlwn 

Pike,    

do 

Northampton, 
do. 


No.  OF  FiBH 
SHIPPED. 


•  ■  • 


30 

m 

30 

60 

80 

10 

» 

80 

80 

80 

«0 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 

80 


2.895 


Distribution  of  Penobscot  Salmon  Fry. 


1890. 


Mar.  20, 
20, 
25, 


Name  of  Stream. 


Snake  creek,  .  .  . 
City  Falls  brook,  . 
Cold  Spring  brook, 


Cod  NT  Y. 


Delaware,  N.  Y 

do.  do, 

Hudson,  N.  Y., 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


25,000 
2T,000 
42,000 


94,000 


Distribution  of  German  Carp. 


1888. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


Nov.  13,  F.  M.  Fisher,  .  . 

22,  E.  S.  Thompson, 

22,  J.  E.  Briggs,  .  . 

88,  L.O.  Andrews, 

I 

22.  E.  Lepley,   ■  •  • 

22,  S.  W.  Martz,    .  . 

22,  J.  A.  Boyce,  .  . 

22,  O.  M.  H'hitraan, 


Wescosville,    . 
Thompsontown 

Foltz, 

Somors  Lane,  . 
Wagner,    .  •  ■ 
Berwick.    •  .  . 
Eldorado, 
Orangeville,    . 


Lehigh,  . 
Juniata,  . 
Franklin, 
Tioga, .  . 
Mifflin,  . 
Columbia, 
Blair,  •  . 
Columbia, 


16 
U 
U 
IS 
13 
IS 
15 
15 


German  Carp—  Continued. 


188H. 
NoY.  22, 
22, 

«» 

22, 

22, 
22, 

22, 
22, 

S3, 
33, 
23, 
23, 

aj, 

23, 
83, 
83. 

33, 
Zi, 
23, 
23, 
33. 
23, 
23, 
23, 
33, 
23. 
23, 
23, 
23, 
23. 
2«. 
20, 
26, 


Nam e  of  Applicant. 


Postoffick. 


I 


County. 


•     •     • 


•     •     •     •     • 


R.  W.  Wagner,  .  . 
J.  Q.  A.  McConky, 
L.  M.  Sleppy,  .  .  . 
C.  W.  Steel,  .  .  . 
H.  M.  Thompson, 

C.  E.  Wagner,  .  . 
L.  L.  Spinger,  .  . 
A.  L.  Spinger,  .  . 

M.  G.  Carl 

Jacob  Walter,  ■  . 
J.  Schmuckcr, 

D.  C.  Koeer,  .  .  . 
A.  H.  Oipson,  .  . 
O.  Hoffman,  .  .  . 
J.  Longenbacker, 
D.  S.  Zehncr, .  .  . 
C.  S.  Killon,  .  .  . 
H.  K.  Trumbaur, 
J.  B.  Oerhart,  .  . 
J.  R.  Seal, 

H.  Bohn 

J.  Elder 

O.  K.  Kentz, 

8.  Croft 

J.  S.  Kemper, 

.1.  li.  Moyer, 

J.  G.  Heilman 

C.  W.  Bergner 

Jno.  Winters 

F.  D.  Winters 

James  Winters,    .  .  .  . 

T.  J.  Winters 

Jno.  Morris, 

G.C.  Snover 

.1.  S.  StrickliT, 

J.  C.  Deltwfiler,  .  .  .  . 

F.  Wagner 

J.  K.  Good 

J.  M.  Miller, 
A.  Minekler, 


•     •     • 


Hartleton,  .  .  . 
Peach  Bottom,  . 
Orangeville,    .  . 

Calvin 

Thompsontown. 
Turbottsville,  . 
Chambersburg, . 
Edenvillc,  .  .  . 
do.  .  .  . 

Cessna 

Watson  town,  .  • 
Shippcnsburg,  . 
Elderton,  .  .  .  . 
Hanover,  .  .  .  . 

Tyrone 

Tamaqua,  .  .  • 
Leibysville. .  .  . 

Finland 

Harrisburg,  .  . 
Millersburg,  .  . 
Lickdaie,  .  .  •  . 
Harrisburg,  .  . 
Pine  Grove,    .  . 

Merion 

Akron,  .  .  .  .  . 
Mt.  Zion.  .  .  .  . 
Jonestown,  .  .  . 

Ambler 

Harrisburg,     .  . 

do.  .  . 

do<  .  . 

do. 
Villa  Nova, .  .  . 
Portland,      .  .  . 
HumniC'l!«tnwn, 
MiddU'town.    .  . 

("rcssona 

West  Willow. .  . 

Callicuon 

Hankins 


No.  of  Fish 
Shipped. 


Union 

York 

Columbia 

Huntingdon,  .... 

Juniata, 

Northumberland,    .  ■ 
Franklin 

do 

do 

Beclford 

Northumberland,    .  . 

Cumberland 

Indiana, 

York 

Blair. 

Schuylkill, 

do.  

Bucks, 

Dauphin, 

do 

Lebanon,  

Dauphin 

Schuylkill 

Montgomery,  .  .  .  .  . 

Lancaster 

Lebanon 

do 

Montgomery, 

Dauphin 

do 

do.         ...  ^.  .  . 

do.         

Delaware, 

Northampton,    .  .  .  . 
Dduphin, . 

do 

Schuylkill, 
lian  caster, 
Wayne,  .  . 
Sullivan,    . 


•     •      ■     • 


15 
IS 
15 

in 

15 
15 
IS 
15 
15 
15 
IS 
IS 
15 
15 
IS 
IS 
15 
15 
IS 
15 
15 
IS 
15 
IS 
IS 
15 
15 
IS 
IS 
IS 
IS 
IS 
15 
IS 
15 
IS 
IS 
15 
15 
15 


128 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


German  Carp — Confinued. 


1888. 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


No.  OF  F:sH 
Shipped. 


Nov.  26, 
26, 
26, 
26. 
2«5, 
26,  I 
26. 
36, 
26, 
26, 
26. 
26, 
26, 
26. 
28, 
28, 
28, 

Dec.    3, 
:i, 

3, 

3, 

3, 

3, 

4. 

4. 

4, 

4, 

4. 

4, 

4, 

IT, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

18, 

1880. 

.Tan.  22, 

no 

22, 


A.  D.  Quick, '  Scranton. 

W.  W.  Grace Wctona. 

A.  F.  Dobson i  G  CRory. 


•     •      •     •      • 


S.  Geiser.  .... 
I.  H.  Sutton, .  .  . 
W.  A.  Grogg.  .  . 
Thomas  Diulgeon. 
F.  Theis.  . 
W.  H.  Knckbenson. 

L.  FrasJcr 

A.  H.  Preston,  .  . 
J.  Koclior,  ..... 

L.  Dodson 

U.  Shoemaker.  .  .  . 
L.  W  Werley.  .  .  . 
C.  D.  Werlev     •      ■ 

C.R  Grim 

J,  R.  Mather  .  . 
S.  B.  Stilwell,     .  .  . 

A.  K.  Fritz 

J.  W.  Chapin,    .   .  . 
A.  W.  Stuckliouso. 
.1.  n.  Snyder. .  .  . 

M.  L.  Sober 

John  Schobo.     .  .  . 

M.  Markle 

r.n.  Strout.  .  .  . 
G.  Sobelhamcr.     .  . 

J.  L.  Heyd Camp  Hill. 

R.  Morton Brldgeton. 


Petersviile.  .  . 
Honesdale,  •  • 

Galilee 

Braraens.  .  .  • 
Germania,  .  . 
Cambria.  •  .  • 
Madison.  .  .  . 
Gregory.  .  .  . 
do.  ... 
Hunlock,  .  .  . 
Wilkesbnrre.  • 
Weisenhnrg.    . 

do. 
Monterey,    .  . 
Damascus,   .  . 


Lackawanna, 
Bradford.  .  . 
Luzerne.    .  . 
Northampton 
Wayne,  .  .  • 
do.       ... 
Sullivan,    .  . 
Potter,   .  .  . 
Luzerne,    .  . 
Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,    .  • 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Lehigh.  .  .  . 
do.       .  .  . 
Berks. . 
Wayne 


•     •     •     •     • 


Scranton. I  Lackawanna, 


Central,  .  ■ 
Town  Hill, 
Shickshinny. 
Larkesville, 


Columbia, 
Luzerne, 

do. 

do. 


Shamokin, Xorthuraberland. 


dr.. 

do. 
Bustlcton, 
Leibysville, 


C.  E.  Beath,    . 
H.  Yengling. 

D.  V.Ahl,    . 
A.  G.  Marr.     . 

E.  Ludlow.  .  , 
C.  Ix>ng,    .  . 


M.  OMpin.    .  .  . 
W.  L.  Jackson, 
i  T.  B.  Welsh,  .  . 


Cochecton,  .  . 
Hanover,  .  .  . 
Newville.  .  .  . 
Shamokin.    .  . 

do. 
Shlppensburg. 


Nobletown,  .  .  . 
Tyler  Hill,  .  •  . 
West  Damascus, 


do. 

do. 
Philadelphia,  .  .  . 

Schuylkill 

Cuml)crland.   .   .   . 

York 

Wayne 

York 

Cumberland.   .   .  . 
North  umlK-rland, 

<lo. 
Curalterland,  .  .  • 


Wayne. 
do. 
do. 


15 

15 

15 

15 

1.^1 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

8< 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

13 

15 

15 

15 

15 

lA 
15 
18 


No.  19.] 


FlHH  COMMISBIONERS. 

Germ  A  n  Carp —  Confinued. 


129 


18o9« 


NAMK  of  AHIM.irANT 


Jan.  :.-.',  C.  K.  Beach,    .  . 

-•:;,  J.  M.  Keluvs,     . 

rri.  J.  H.  Boyd, 

2:!,  ('.  K.  W«KMlrutr, 

r.":!.  M.  Eisi'Mliart.     . 

'£i.  E.  B.  Far  well,  . 

u*:!,  H.  J.  Bankcs.    . 

Miir.  I'.),  J.  (i.  Blank, 

I'.i,  J.  Biskbi-i-k,   .   . 

ly,  G.  Faluier,     .  . 

!!•.  W.  Goss4-r,  .  .  . 

19,  <•.  Vial, 

IJi,  T.  Johnston.  .   . 

IV,  I.  Kciiit'ly,   .  .  . 

lit,  .\.  B.  Faust,    .   . 

ISI,  !•:.  .1.  Walktr,     . 

lv«,  .\.  C.  Itownutn, 

1!»,  W.  S.  Diikson.  . 

Ill,  G.  S.  l'inkert<.n, 

10,  1).  Mc(l<.skey.  . 

i»,  G.  Kircher, 

l'.>,  S.  W.  Martin.     . 

1!».  .1.  I  Mifrholstcr, 

li»,  I.  Rupp 

l!t,  Mrs.  W.i;.  Thorn 

III,  I.  B.  NissUy.  .    . 
U>,  W.  Davi.H.     .   .   . 

IV,  1».  Hrtru  k.  .  . 
|{i,  I  "rank  iM'hr.  .  . 
in,  J.  A.  Millt-r,  .  . 
10.  B.  F.  Kline,  . 
lit,  \V.  1».  KislH'I.  .  . 
l!>.  .1.  iti'ck«'r.  .  .  . 
19,  J.  Becker,  .  .  . 
1ft,  M.  ."<.  Kline.  .  . 
10,  M.  SdU-rs,  .  .  . 
ly,  W.  D.  Miller.  .  . 
10,  J.  S.  IxH-d.  .  .  . 
l!t,  C,  Ituckwulter, 
-'I,  D,  r.  Rupert.     . 

9-19-91 


l*OST<IFFICB. 


rochecton,    .  . 

Dnrnsife,   .  .  . 

Barnsly,     .  .  . 

Ix'wistown,  .   . 

Bingeii,       .   .   . 
i  Beach  Creek.  . 

Barufsville, 

Lanark,         .   . 

Freeland,  .  .  . 

Shenandoah, 

Weissport,    .   . 

Tarr>  town.  .  . 

Milwaukee,  .   . 

B<-thleli*-ni,  .  . 

AiubU-r,     .   . 

Pirn-  Hill.  .   .  . 

Stewartstown. 

Mi'Connclsburg 

.Millord  .Mills.  . 

West  Chester, 
{  Lancaster,    .   . 
;  Blue  Ball,  .  .  . 
I  Cedar  Lane,  .   . 

Terre  Hill,    .  . 

Thompson  town, 

llummelstown, 
I  Cottage,     .   .  . 

Kebucks,   .  .  . 

Kmau!' 

Newville,  .  .  . 

Center|M»rt, 
do. 
do, 
do. 
do. 

Windsor  Castle, 

Akron 


do.  .    . 

Douglasville, 
McVeytown, 


Ton  NT  V. 


Wayne 

North  umlx'rland, 
Chester,  .   . 
MifMin,    .   . 
Xortharaptt 
Clinton, 
Schuylkill, 
I^'high.  ■   . 
Luzerne,    . 
Schuylkill, 
t'arbon.  .  . 
Bradford. 
I^tckawauna 
N'urthamptoi 
Montgomery 
Somerset,  . 
York,  . 
Fulton,   .  . 
Chester,  .  . 
do,       .  , 
Laneastt-r, 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 
.luniata,  .  . 
Itauphin,  . 
Huntingdon 
Lehigh,   .   . 
d<i.       .   . 
(Cumberland 
B<iks,.  .  . 


d. 


d 

do.      .  .  . 

do.      .  .  . 

do.     .   .  . 
I<iuieasler, 

do. 
B«'rks,     .  . 
MilTli 


No.  OF  Fish 

SHIPPED. 


15 
IS 
13 
1& 
15 
1o 
15 
13 
15 
13 
15 
15 
15 
15 
13 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
15 
13 
13 
15 
13 

13 
15 
15 
15 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
15 
15 
13 
15 
13 


130 


Repout  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


131 


German  Carp—  Coniinued. 


German  Carp — Continued. 


1S8U.  NAMK  OK  AlM'MCANT. 


Mar  ~'l, 

-'I, 

21, 

A|>r.     1, 

1, 

1, 

I, 

1. 

in, 

1'.'. 

1!', 
IK, 

I'.', 
1!', 
1'.', 
1», 

I". 
I'l, 
I'l, 

r.i, 

'Si, 

2.i, 
».i 
'Si. 

23, 
2=1, 
SJ, 

May     H, 
J'. 

s, 
h, 
», 


C.  Kline,  .... 

Frank  lleiider, 

C.  Minick,    .... 

H.  .1.  Mct/ger,      • 

F.  J.  Holt.       ... 

F.J.  Holt 

F.  H.  (Iroen, .   •   . 

W.  HiTt/.kT,     .   . 

H.  (;.  H;inks      .    . 

.1.  A.  .Miller.        •    - 

1).  !l.  Seliall,  .   .   . 

I  .  I  lit/. 

I!.  II.  'I'lronitis, 
1 
;  A.  II    llcoluy, 

.1.  II.  Keller,   .   .    . 
I  I.  II.  Nissley,     . 
'  li.  I".  D.itriek, 

1).  A.  .Me  A  lister, 

W.  M.  .MliHiii. 

(».  ll.  Klinsleller, 

<;.  \V.  Okill, 

M.  W.  .laekKdii, 
I  «'.  \V<-eks 

A.  r.  Vuijrli,   .   .   . 

N.  <:.  K.-.-.i,    .  .  . 

|>.  \V.  I'dwell. 
'  N.  F.  Fiilwjil,    . 
I  K.  1'.  Itowlanil, 
,  O.  Kowland, 

.1.  .McMalion. 

A.  M.  Miller,      .   . 

!  li  i{(>i>i>. 

1».  W.  .*<ln»einaker 
M.  Milhr, 
A.  Sliuly,   .  .  . 
F.  Osboiirn, 
S.  Sclher, 
i  .1.  S.  Lonjraker, 
I. «'.  Uirnes.    . 


FOSTOFFICK. 


Forest  Hill, 

North  HeidellierK,    • 

do. 
Frankstown,   .... 
Moshunnon,     •  •   • 
do.  .... 

MilU'reek, 

Port  Royal 

Harnesville,     •   • 

Newville 

Hale 

CainiibeUtown,      .   . 
Meelianieslairff, 
MunKes  Mills, 

( 'lien  VI  lie,      

Ilmuinel.-itowi), 

Eliinsport, 

Oxford 

Sjiriii^  Mills, 
Pliiladelpliia, 

Madison, 

Jierwiek.       

Hone8<laU% 

do 

Milwaukee,     ■   .  . 

SuraiUon.  .   . 

(iwyiiedd 

iiowlaiid,  .  \   .    .   . 
do 

Mast  llo|M'.         ■   . 
I  Went/.,    ..... 

Liiielioro, 

Aiiibersons  ValW-y, 

Qnakertown, 

Cashtown, 

Ournsey,  .      . 

Tlioiupsontowii. 

North  Penn, 

Middletown. 


County. 

Union, 
Herks,      • 

do.  .... 

HIair 

Centre,    .  .   .  . 

do 

Hiintintjrdon,  • 
I  .luniata,  ■  ■  • 
Schuylkill,  .  . 
Cumberland,  . 
Ik'rks,     .  .   .   . 

!  Lebanon,      ■   . 

I 

("uinberland, 

Vo.l 

I 

I        <lo.        .    .    .    .    • 

l).iii|ihin,  .  .  • 
Lyeoniinj;,  •  • 
Cluster,      .   .   • 

Centre 

IMiiladelpliia, 
Luekawaniia, 
Lu/erne,    ■ 
Wayne,      .   .  . 

do.        ... 
I.'.ickawanna. 

du. 
Montgomery, 

Pike 

do 

do 

^■urk,  .  . 

.lo.  .   .  . 

rranklin, 
Itiieks.     .   •   • 
Adams,       .    . 
do.         .   .   . 
.luniata, 
Schuylkill, 
Dauphin, 


No.  OF  Fish 
NiiirPKu. 


15 

15 

15     , 

!.■. 

15 

15 

15 

:;ii 
;.'ti 
:.'(i 

r.ii 
Lit 
'M 
ill 
;.'ii 
:.ti 
'.■(I 
"11 

".o 
•M 

:.•»! 

Ml 

"(I 

'M 
•JO 
til 

m 

a' 

Ml 
'M 

'M 

ar 


.June  20, 
20, 

Sept.  24, 

Nov.  8, 
19. 
19, 
19, 
19, 
19. 
19. 
19, 
19, 
19. 

Dec.  5, 
3, 
5. 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5. 
5, 
5, 
5. 
5. 
5, 
5, 
5, 
5, 
a, 
5, 
5, 
5, 


12, 
W, 

12, 
13. 
12 


Name  op  Applicant. 


POSTOFriCE. 


Henry  Eckert,  .  . 
S.  L.  Britrgs,  .  .  .  . 

Levi  Fox 

C.  H.  Fegley,  .  .  . 
H.  Anderson,  .  .  . 
W.  V.  Taylor,  .  .  . 
J.  Songmaster,  .  .  . 
DeF.  Wiliard,    .  .  . 

R.  H.  Crura 

A.J.Meredith,  .  . 
J.  F.  Houaer,  ■  .  .  . 

J.  Shick,      

J.  C.  Conn, 

A.  S.  Whitekittle,    . 

S.  Leibcr 

G.  Lear 

W.  Bean, 

W.  S.  P.  Shields,  .  . 
W.  8.  P.  Shields,  .  . 

S.  Hill 

W.  S.  K rammer,  .  . 
J.  It.  Hricker,  .  .  . 
S.  J.  Henderson,     . 

C.  W.  Berjf ner,  .  .  . 

S.  Slbcr 

\V.  Hentzlcr,  .  .  .  . 
W.  W.  Nevin,    .   .  . 

D.  Mumma,  .... 
A.  Walton,  .... 
D.  S.  Bloom.  .... 
H.  C.  Koons,  .... 
T.  M.  (Joetz,    .... 

C.  S.  Phipps 

J.  H.  Brinton,  .  .  . 

J.  M.  Baker 

J.C.  Beck,  .  .  .  . 
O.  1(.  Bowman,    .  . 

J.  Gilbert 

S.  W.  Oas8 

A.  C.  Jenkins,   .   .  . 


Gordanville, 
Chester,     .  .  . 
Guths  Station, 
Wescosville,    . 

Media 

New  Paris,      . 
Macun^rie,    .  . 
Lancaster,    .   . 
Salter,     .  .  .  .  , 
Lebanon,  .  .  .  . 
Reynolds, .  .  .  . 
Van  Wert.    .  .  , 
Spruce  Hill,    . 
Markelsville,  . 
Thompsontown, 
Shirleyville,    .  , 
Nockamixon, 

Lenni, 

do 

Lelbysville,     .  , 
Hammon,  .  .  . 

Lititz 

Pequea,  .  .  .  .  . 
Ambler,  .  .  .  . 
Thompsontown, 
Port  Royal,  .  . 
Shipiienshurfr,  . 
'  Harrisburjf, 
Hummelstown, 
Martinsburg,  .  . 
Turbottville,  .  . 
Greencastle,    .  . 

Ward 

Thornbury, .  .  . 

Media, 

Vorkana,  .  .   .  . 
Hano\er, 
Airville,     .  , 
Sunbury,  .  . 
Rocksprin(fs. 


County. 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


•  I 


•     •     ■ 


•     •     •     • 


Lancaster, 

Delaware, 

Lehigh, 

do 

Delaware 

Bedford,    

Lehigh 

Lancaster, 

Huntingdon,  .... 

Lebanon 

Schuylkill,  ... 
Juniata 

do 

Perry,    , 

Juniata 

Huntingdon, 

Bucks,  

Delaware,     ...... 

do.         

Schuylkill, 

do 

Lancaster, 

do.  

Montgomery, 

Juniuta,     ....... 

do.  

Cumberland,      .  .  .  . 
Dauphin 

do.  .      .  .  .  . 

Blair 

Northumberland,    .  . 

Franklin, 

Delaware 

Chester 

Delaware 

York,  ........ 

uO«         *'••••••• 

uO«         «•«•••••• 

Northumberland,    .  . 
York 


230 
25 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
SO 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
40 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
213 
20 
20 
20 
20 
CO 
20 
20 
20 
20 


i 


132 


Report  of  the 


German  Carp—  Continncd. 


1889. 


Name  ok  Applicant. 


Dec.  12. 
12, 
12, 
12, 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 
18, 
18. 
18, 
IS. 
2:. 


PoSTOmCE. 


County. 


T.J.  Berch,  .  . 
G.  Landeman.  • 
G.  Boyer,  .  •  • 
E.  D.  Krail,  •  .  . 
J.  S.  Hess,  .  .  . 
M.J.  Hess,  .  .  . 

D.  ^.  Bussard. 

E.  B.  Brubaker,  .... 

A.  M.  Miller 

J.  A.  Cocklin 

D.  Neifert.     .... 

B.  C.  Hendricks,  .  .  .  • 

W.  J.  Day * 

A.  Agnew 

A.  liCar 

James  Powell, 

H.  O.  Silkman 

W.  Conucll, 

J.  Bell,  .  .  . 
G.  (>.  Bell,   . 


Port  Carbon, 
Minersville, 
Lebation,  •  • 
do.        •  • 
Hellertown. 

do. 
Everett,     .  • 


Schuylkill,    .  • 

do.  •  • 

Lebanon,  .  .  • 

do.         •  •  < 

Northampton, 

do. 
Bedford,    .  . 


Lexiuifton Lancaster, 


Wentz.    .  .  . 

Bowmandale, 

Tamanend, 


York,  ... 
Cumberland, 
Schuylkill.  . 


Great  Bend,     .      .  •  •  !  Susquehanna, 

do.  <lo- 

1  , 
Pikes  Creek, \  Luzerne,   .  . 

Upi»er  Black  Eddy,     .     Bucks,    .  .  . 

Maplewood Wayne,  .  .  . 


«      t  ■     « 


•      •     •     •     • 


W.Sharp 

G.  W.  Marglenxxl, 
S.  M.  Mortimer,    . 

H.  Mostiu 

J.  H.  Boston,     .  . 
E.  Pearson,     .  .  . 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 

do. 

do. 


2:, 
8T, 
2:, 

18«0. 
.Ian.    3.     J.  A.  Klingler 


Shippensburg Cumberland, 

Pottsville Schuylkill, 

Bridgeton ;  Vork 

Emille Buck*. 

Durham »l" 


3, 
3, 
IT. 


J.  Mumma, 
J.  Witraer, 
C.  Kressler, 


•     •      •      • 


17,  I  A.  Myrs,  .  .  . 
17,  j  W.  Baylor, .  .  . 
17,  '  T.  T.  K«»cher,  . 
17,  L.  Simons,  •  •  . 
17,  1  W.  W.  Bohe,  .  • 
17,  j  C.  Woolstr.-n,  .  . 
17,  I  P.  P.  Bradley,  . 
17,  1  I.  M.  Kling,  .  . 
IT,  I  C.  Berner,    .  .  . 


Stouchsburj' i  Berks, 

Linglestown,  ....     Dauphin 
Millerstown,    .... 

Clifton 

Plumsteadville, 

FleetviUo 

Outlet 

Sterlinjr, 

Hemlock,  ...... 

Tullytown 

Hurrisburg,  .  .  . 
Intercourse.  .  •  • 
Norristown.     .  .  . 


[Off.  Doc. 


Perry,  •  •  . 
Lackawanna, 
Bucks, 

Lackawanna, 
Luzerne,  .  . 
Lackawanna, 
Cambria,  -  • 
Bucks,  ■  .  • 
Dauphin,  .  . 
Lancaster,  . 
Montgomery, 


No.  or  Fish 
Shipped. 


•     •     4     « 


SO 

20 

SO 

90 

13 

15 

IS 

13 

15 

13 

13 

15 

15 

IS 

15 

15 

15 

15 

13 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

IS 

15 

75 

15 

IS 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

IS 

15 

l.'i 

ir. 

ir. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


133 


German  Carp — Continued. 


lti90. 


Name  OK  Apvi.icant. 


P08TOKFICK. 


Mar.  17, 

W.  Bentzona 

Snydersville, 

do 

Prompton 

do.             .... 
East  Smith  Held, 
Sterling 

Monroe. 

IT, 

N.  M.  Trf^h 

F.  Waltber 

G.  Walther, 

1 

M.  Balmer,     

G.  E.  Cliff 

do 

17. 

Wayne.    ....••.. 

17, 

do          

17, 

Bradford, 

n, 

Wayne,      .  .  . 

17, 

M.  W.  Husley 

Daleville,     

Lackawanna, 

.... 

IT, 

F.  S.  Barnes,      

Hallstead 

Sus(iuehanna, 

17, 

J.  W.  Kocher, 

Rugels,          .... 

Luzerne.    . 

.... 

17. 

W.  G.  .Siuires,      .  .  .  . 

Glenwood.    ...... 

Su8(iuehanna, 

17, 

Pat  Kane,             .... 

Rummerfleld,     .... 

Bradford,      .  . 

.... 

IT, 

Patrick  Kane 

C.  A.  Olten 

E.  R.  Davis 

do.               .... 

Bella  Sylva.        ... 
Hickory  Grove.        .  . 

do.        •  .  • 

IT, 

do.        

IT, 

Sus<juehanna, 

... 

IT, 

Richard  Grove.    .... 

Sustjuebanna.     .... 

do. 

•  •  •  . 

Apr.  21. 

A.  L.  Hain,     .      ... 

E.  George,          

E.  Martin 

F.S.  Haesler 

Stouchsburg.      .... 
Linglestown.             .  . 
Spring  Grove,        ... 
Pottsville 

Berks,     .... 

21. 

Dauphin 

21. 

Lancaster. 

21, 

Schuylkill,    .  . 

.  *  *  • 

21, 

W.  M.  Bates. 

E.  F.  Paul. 

J.  K.  Staengle 

H.  Skneck 

Harrisburg, 

do.             

Summit  HiJl 

Ballicttsville,         ... 

Dauphin,      .  . 

.... 

21. 

do.        

23. 

Carbon,      -  - 

23, 

do 

... 

33, 

George  Benser, 

J.  Musselman 

H.  Sibbach. 

Thonuis  Tucker 

A.  Jenkms,            .... 

Saylorsville 

New  Mahoning,    .  .  . 
Mauch  Chunk.  .... 

Bear  Creek.     

Tunkhannock 

Monroe. .... 

23. 

Carbon. ,  . 

23, 

do 

23 

Luzerne 

2:}, 

Wyoming, 

.       •       •       a 

2:i. 

W,  D.  Brader 

Amos  Berger 

A.  C.  Snyder,     

S.  W.  Trimmer,       ... 
Lum  Rose,           .... 

White  Haven 

<lo.       do 

do.       do.       .... 

do.       do 

Bear  Creek : 

Luzerne,    .   .  . 

28. 

do.          ....... 

23, 

do.          

2:1. 

do 1 

2:1, 

ilo.          .    .   . 

«       •       •       . 

2:}, 

L.  Holcomb 

J.  R.  Koons. 

R.  S.  Schweitzer,     .   . 

Truckville 

Huntingdon  Mills.  .  . 
1 
liut/.town. ' 

do.         .   .  • 

23. 

do.        

23, 

Northampton. 

23, 

J.  L.  (J rim 

Hellertown 

do. 

.        •       • 

23. 

E.  Werkheiser,         .  .  . 

Easton 

■  io. 

.        .        ... 

23, 

D.  A.  Kistler,        ... 

Pleasant  Corner.      .   . 

CarlMin,      .   .  . 

.        .        .        . 

20, 

W.  H.  H.  Kindle,       .  . 

Eldorado.        .... 

Blair,             .   . 

.        .        .        . 

COUNTV. 


No.  OF  FI8H 

Shipped. 


15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

30 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

4U 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

30 

30 

2U 

30 

20 

20 

20 

20 


134 


Heport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


German  Carp — Continued. 


IMU. 


Name  OK  Applicant. 


Apr.  29,  Robert  Clark,    .  . 

29,  J.  W.  Palmer, 

29,  D.  J.  Heck,     .  .  . 

29,  W.  R.  Moore,     . 

29.  Joseph  HeVierling, 

29,  John  Utzinger, 


Philadelphia, 
Media,     ... 
I^wislierrj',     • 
Spruce  Creek, 
Luthersburjr. 
Jefferson  Line, 


21t, 
29, 
May  1, 
1, 
1, 
1, 
1. 
6, 

Apr.  28, 
Nov.  U, 
14, 
", 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
14, 
U, 
14, 
H, 


Thomas  Bros Thompsontown 


E,  Finkle, 
1.  L.  Young, 

Henry  Word,  . 

M.  Dennis,  ■  .  . 

John  Neal,  •  •  • 

John  Trapp,  .  . 
A.  N.  Pomeroy, 


U.  L.  Hewitt,  .  .  . 
W.C.Smith,  .  .  . 
Thomas  PatteiRer, 
J.  H.  Mcllhenny, 
George  Patteig'er, 
J.  P.  Smith,  .  .  . 
G.  F.  Kurtz,  .  .  . 
F.  H.  Hoffman, 
J.  D.  Miller,  .  .  . 
C.  Emerick,    .  .  • 

R.  S.  Care 

J.  M.  Darr 

R.  Martin 

C.  Hetrick,  .... 
J.  1>.  Meek,     .  .  . 

F.  H.  RrobBt,     .  . 

A.  Diet/, 

E.  IlKenfritz, .  .  . 
J.  M.  Jenkins,  .  . 
Wm.  Trout, 
James  (J.  Trout,  . 

G.  R.  RowiQaii.  . 
A.  Rudasell,  ■  .  . 
C.  Uanye, 


Sober, 
Glent,     .  . 
Hopbottom. 
Sternsville,  . 
IJeech  Pond, 
Mountainviile, 
Chambersburff, 

HoUidaysburg. 
Linglestown, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
Pine  Grove, 

Dow 

Palmyra,  .  . 
KillinKer.  . 
HarrisburK, 
PlainHeld. 
Barnitz, .  .  . 
New  Ringtow 
( 'artiste,  .   .  • 
Kempton.     . 
Yorkana,  .  . 
Bald  Eagle,  . 
(Jatchelville, 
Ho|H'Well  Centre 
I        do.  do. 

Hanover,  .  .  . 
do.  •  .  • 
do.         .  ■  • 


Philadelphia, 
Delaware, 
York, 

Huntlng<lon, 
Clearfield,     . 

do. 
Juniata,    •  • 
Centre,    .  .  . 
Bradford. .   . 
Susquehanna, 
Monroe, 
Wayne,  .  .  . 
I^ehiRh.  .  .  . 
Franklin,  .   . 


Blair 

Dauphin,  . 
do.        .  . 
do.        .  . 
do. 

do.        .  . 
Schuylkill,    . 

do. 
I^banon,    .  . 
Dauphin,   . 

do.  .    . 

Cumberland, 

do. 

<lo. 

do. 

Berks,     .  .  . 

York,  .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

d 

lio 

do 

d 

do.      .   .   .  , 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


20 
SO 
90 
20 
SO 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
») 
20 
20 
100 
2,810 


10 

20 
20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

211 

20 

20 

20 

21) 

20 

20 

211 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


German  Carp — Continued. 


1890. 

Nov.  14, 
14, 
14, 
14. 
14, 
14, 

18, 

18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 

18, 
18, 
18, 
li^, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
18, 
20, 
20, 
20, 
SI, 
21, 
SI. 
21. 


Name  of  Applicant. 


POSTOFFICK. 


Chas.  Leese 

Cbas.  Miller 

William  Reyburn,  . 
C.  Hartman,  ... 
J.  A.  Spangler,  ■  . 
Jesse  Monges,    • 

0.  Morgan, 

1.  H.  Carey 

IJ.  Histed 

L.  Stone, 

W.  Baylor, 

H.  P.  Wilcox,    .  .  . 

E.  Hubbard 

C.  L.Gilbert 

W.  Meyers.  .... 
Joseph  KIrcher. 

E,  T.  Poulterer,  .  . 
Jones  Wlster,  .  .  . 
J.  L.  Stackhouse, 
Frank  Brown,  .  .  . 
David  Saylor,  .  . 
W.  Kochler,  ... 
N.  T.  Fohrell,  .  . 
J.  H.  Fleshour,  .  . 
Jos.  S.  Schiftler,  .  . 
J.  R.  Baer,  ..... 
C.  H.  Kellum.  .  .  . 
W.  Jetfers,  .  . 

J.  M.  Williams.     . 
J.  C.  Way  mart, 
Howard  Stoneback, 
J.  H.  Schelly,     .   .  . 
A.  F.  Wisser,      .   .  . 
O.  A.  Wotring,      .   . 
Thomas  Bleiler,   .  . 

E.  Haas , 

W.  Raker, , 

E.  H.  Minnugh,  .  .  . 
J.  D.  r.  Pownall,  .  . 
S.  (J.  Fogle,     


Spring  Forge,  .  . 
Dillsburg,     .  .  .  . 

Delta 

McCalls  Ferry, 
Codorus,       .  .  .  . 
Manges  Mills,  .  .  . 
Jermyn 

do.  

Carbondale,  .  .  . 
Waverly,      .  .  .  . 

Fleetville 

Nicholson 

Carbouale,    ■  .  .  . 

Scranton,  

Wimmers,  -  .  .  . 
Bald  Mount,  .  .  . 
Shawmont,  .  .  .  . 
Germantown,  .  . 
Stroudsburg.  .  .  . 
East  Stroudsburg, 
Saylorsburg,  .  . 
Seigfrleds  Bridge, 

Gwynedd 

Ikjrwood, 

Pen  Argyl 

Town  Line 

Ho)>  Bottom,  .  .  , 
do.       do.       .  .  . 

Lathrope, 

Waymart 

Richlandtown,  .  . 

do. 
Chalfant,  . 
Orefleld,     . 

do. 

do. 


COUWTV. 


«  .  .  . 


.  .  . 


Pillow,    .  . 
Gettysburg, 
Christiana, 
Smyrna,     . 


York,      .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

Lancaster,    .  . 

York 

York 

Lackawanna,  . 
do. 
do. 

do.  < 

do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do, 
Philadelphia, 
do. 

Monroe 

do 

do 

Northampton, 
Montgomery,  . 

do, 
Northampton, 
Luzerne,    .  .  ■ 
Su8<iuehnnnu, 
do. 
do. 
Wayne,  .  .  .  . 
Bucks,    ,  .  .  . 

do 

do 

I/ehigh,  .   .  .  . 

do 

do 

Dauphin,       .   . 

Adams,       .   .  . 

Lancaster.    .  . 

do.  ,  . 


135 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped, 


20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
90 
30 
30 
80 
40 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
30 
30 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
30 
SO 
25 
2.1 
25 
35 
25 
2.'> 
35 


136 


1890. 


Beport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc, 


German  Carp — Continued. 


Namb  ok  Applicant. 


Nov.  21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21. 
21, 
21. 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21, 
21,  I 
21,1 
21,  I 

21, 

21, 
21, 
21, 

21. 
21, 
25, 
26, 
85, 
25, 
25. 

25, 
25, 
25, 
25. 
35. 
25, 


H.  G,  Keller,  .  . 
Amos  Zig-lor,     ■  . 
Daniel  Aibnght, 
Hugh  Armstrong. 
B.  F.  Kline,     -  .  . 
J.  L.  Land  is,  .  •  • 
G.  K.  Diller,  .  .  . 
Lewis  Cline.   .  .  . 
W.  S.  H amnion,  . 
P.  C.  Ashcome,  .  • 
Henry  Barr,  .  .  . 
Andrew  Stone. .  . 
J.  B.  B<jvee.    •  .  . 
W.  C.  Ebner,  .  .   . 
J.  P.  Calhoun,  .  . 
W.  W.  Landis,  •  . 
H.  Hockenberry, 
Martin  Suxe,  .  .  . 
11.  H.  Inhoff,  .  .  . 
L.  Wister,    .  .  .  . 

F.  M.  McKuhan.  . 
C.  Weeks,  .  .  .  . 
J.  T.  Davis,     .  .  . 

G.  S.  Pinkerton,  . 
H.  W.  Swartz,  .  . 
L.  V.  Smedlcy,     . 

F.  Bartley 

E.  Kraft,  .  .  . 
A.  P.  Fetheralf.  . 
A.  Weaver,     .  •  . 

I  Hiram  Hantz,  .  ■ 
I  W.  F.  Adams,    .  . 
!  T.  C.  Pearson,    . 
N.  F.  BrtKjrcall, 


G.  B.  B<me, 


E.  Sraedley,    •  •  . 

C.  W.  HfPton,  .  . 
L.  n.  Ay  era,    .  .  . 

D.  N.  Warner,  .  . 
Z.  Caster,        .  .  . 


POSTOFFICE. 


County. 


Elizabethtown,  .  .  . 

Schokcs  Mills,     .   .   . 

do.        do.         .  ■  • 

Bethesda, 

Liberty  Stjuare,     .  . 
Binkleys  Bridge,  .  ■ 

Green  Bank 

Lewi6l)erry 

<lo 

MartinsburK 

do.  .... 

do.  .  .   .  . 

Cogan  Station,   .  .  . 

MontoursviUe,   •  .  • 

Port  Royal, 

do.     do.       

Pleasant  View,  .  .  . 

Wilmot, 

Donnallys Mills,    .  . 

Duncannon 

Ferguson,     .      .  .  . 

Nelson, 

Tioga, 

Milford  Mills,  .  .  .  . 
New  Ox  lord,  .  .  .  . 

Willistown. 

Hublersburg,     .  .  . 

Madera, • 

Litzeuberg,      ... 
Ellzabethtown. 

East  Mauch  Chunk. 

Andenrei'l,  .... 

Bustleton,        .  .  ■ 

Paoli, 

Thorndale,   .... 

Williamstown,    .  . 

Parkesbiirg,    .  .  . 

Itald  Mountain,     . 

Spring  Hill,     ... 

Silvara, 


Lancaster,    ... 
do.  ... 

do.  ... 

dn.  ... 

do.  ... 

do.  ... 

do.  .  .  • 

York 

do 

Blair, 

do 

do 

Lycoming,    .  .  . 

do.  ... 

Juniata,       .  .  • 

do.         .... 

do.         .      .  . 

Bradford,  .... 

Perry,  

do 

do 

Tioga, 

di> 

Chester 

Adams,  .  .  .  .  . 

Chester, 

Centre, 

Clearfield,     .  .  . 

Lehigh,  

Lancaster,    .  .  . 
Carlx>n,  .  . 

do 

Philadelphia,      • 
Chester,         .   .  . 

do 

do 

I       do 

Lackawanna, 
Bradford,      .   .   . 
do.  .  .  . 


No.  OF  Fisa 
Shipped. 


25 

20 

20 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

25 

2> 

25 

25 

25 

25 
25 

25 

25 

25 

» 

15 

40 

25 

25 

25 

25 

75 

% 

25 

25 

25 

25 

85 

SS 

» 

S5 

» 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


137 


German  Cksp— Continued. 


Nov.  25, 
35, 
25, 
25, 
25. 
25, 
25, 
25, 
25. 
2.5, 
25. 
2.5, 
26. 
88. 
28, 
36, 
26, 
26, 
26, 
86. 
86, 
26, 
2«, 
2«, 
26, 
36. 
26, 
28. 
2S, 
28, 
28, 
». 


P.  M.  Detrick,  .  .  . 

Martin  Saxe, .  .  .  . 

J.  D.  Markle,     .  .  . 

Thomas  Tucker,      . 

H.  W.  riiner,     .      . 

Arthur  Eich,     .  .  . 
John  N.  Stahl.  .  .  . 

U.  Dilley 

J.  H.  Halt 

J.  B.  Somill,  .  .  . 
Robert  Shoemaker, 
\V.  .M.  Swartz.  .  . 
A.  H.  Uoyer,  ... 
F.  S.  Harsler.     .  .  . 

H.  Rulwr 

H.  M.  Uoker,      .       . 
H.  H.  Bingeman,    . 
E.  K.  Black,   .      .  . 
Joseph  Oberholgor, 
W.  Dwenell,      .  .  . 


H.  C.  Geraberling,  .  . 

M.  Greider j  Salunga,    .  . 

A.  H.  Shenck, |  Lancaster,    . 

A.  E.  Hern     j  do. 

B.  B.  Eshbach do. 

N.  L.  Getz ^  Manheira, .  . 

D.  B.  Mosirer I  Camargo,  .   . 

Aaron  Pillp, !  Lynnport,     . 

John  G.  Blank,    ....     I^nark, .  .  . 

P.  J.  Kline, I  Centre  Valley 

W.  O.  P.  Ott, Limeport,     . 

H.  E.  E.  Rodcr,    .  .  .        H<»si'nsack,  . 


Sugar  Run Bradford, 

Wilmot, do. 

Peters  Siding,     ....     York, 

Bear  Creek, Luzerne,    .... 

Wilkesbarre do 

Plainsville, '  do.         .... 

Wilksbarre '       do. 

I 
do.  ,       do.  ... 

Moshannon, Centre,       .... 

St.  Davids, Delaware.     ... 

Wilkesbarre Luzerne 

New  Oxford Adams 

Lebanon Lebanon, 

i 
Pottsville Schuylkill,    .  .  .  , 

Auburn, do 

AugustaviUe NorthumlK>rland, 

Clay, Lancaster,    .  .  .  . 

Reinholds do.  .  .  .  . 

Spring  Grove do.  .  .  .  . 

Downingtown,  ...     j  Chester, 

Ephrata, |  Lancaster,    .  .  .  . 

do 

do 

do.  .  ,  .  . 

ilo 

do.  .... 

do.  .... 


Lehigh, 
do. 
do. 


88,  :  John  M.  Kennedy, 


28. 

2«, 


Fort  Washington,    .  .     Montgomery,  . 

A,  H.  Schnltz,      .  .  .  .  ]  Worcester I  do. 

John  Welgle j  Shiremanstown,    .  .  .    Cumberland,  . 


2H,     John  Hample McCuensviUe,     . 

28,     H.  M.  OrlHjrdorf,     .   .  Stonington,  ... 

28,  j  Henry  Neff New  Washington. 

2S,     A.  B.  Fox Tivola 

28,  I  A.  H.  Schultz,   ... 


Northumlx>rland, 

do. 
Clearfield,     .  .  .  . 

Ljcoming 

Worcester j  Montgomery,     .  . 


25 
8S 
8S 

ao 

15 
85 


85 
85 
85 
SI 
85 
75 
85 
85 
S3 

85 
35 
» 

85 
SS 
35 
35 
25 
25 
25 


25 


25 


138 


Report  of  the 


[Off,  Doc. 


German  Carp — Continued. 


18«). 


Name  or  Applicant, 


Nov.  28.  1.  C.  McCloskcy,  .  . 

28,  Amos  Cargle,     .  .  . 

38,  N.  H,  Kellum.   .  .   . 

Dec,    4,  C.  S.  Seamtins,   •  •  • 

4,  N.  B,  Phillipps,    .  . 

4,  S.  B.  Stilwell,     •  •   • 

4,  John  T,  Porter.    .  . 

4,  O.  Van  Buskirk,  .   . 

4.  G.J.  Broadbent,  .  . 

4.     Silas  WotKl 

4,     M.  Killam, 

4.  Henry  Hasting,   .  . 

4,  L.  Kcnnodj',   .... 

4  1  John  A.  Barr,    .  .  . 

4,  I  D.  B.  Whitesell    •   . 

5t,  J.  N.  Lorich,  .... 

9,  G.  B.  N.  Bair,    .  .  . 

16.  H.  L.  Parker.     .  .  . 

in,  Eli  Itollinircr,    .  .  . 

16,  D.  P.  Panebake^    . 

16,      B.  F.  Shu  if 

16,  J.  M.  Sheaffer,  .   .  . 
Fe»>.  IT.  J.H.Snyder,     .  .  . 

IT,  H.  H.  Lundis,    .  .  . 

17,  1.  Buckwalter,  .   .  . 

IT,     G.  Knupp 

17,     E.  Knupp 

17,     A.  Blank 


POSTOFFICK. 


County. 


Belford 

Factoryville,  •   .  . 
Scranton 

LiO.  

do.  .  .  .  .  . 

do 

do.         .  .  .  .  . 

Bald  Mountain, 
Factoryville.   . 

do.  .  . 

Hemlock  Hollow, 
Honesdale.       .  . 
South  Canaan. 
Town  Line,  •   .  . 

Prichard 

Myerstown,     .  . 

Acker 

Glen  Moor,  .  .  . 
Sells  Station,   .  . 

do. 
Bethesda,  . 

E|)lirata,    .... 

Newvllle 

Lancaster,    .  .  . 
do.  ... 

Projrress 

East  Harrisljurtf, 
Lenark,     . 


•      •     •      • 


Clearfield,     . 

Wyoming,     . 

Lackawanna, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Wyoming, 

do. 

Wayne.  . 

do. 

do. 

Luzerne, 

do. 
Ix>ban(  in. 
Perry,     . 
Chester,  . 
Adam-. 

do. 
Lancaster, 

do. 

Cumberland 
Lancaster, 

do. 
Dauphin,  . 

do. 
Lehigh,  .   . 


No.  OF  Fish 
Shipped. 


15 


S5 
15 
15 
25 
Si 
S5 
& 

£0 
SO 
SO 
SO 
90 
20 
SO 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 


»> 


■-^•y   v^ 


^^ 


'^■''■ 


T-v*^i:'f-' 


'^^W 


-.,',*0f-'- 


.wV^  .     - 


*     -■•■>       ^-^->-'*- 


?^-  ■  n-:^  •  y*- 


'••'"•■.  i"'    it,-^' 


'^^K^ 


,^'#!5IP?t5.. 


r^:::^ 


^'^T'TilSK- 


.;'-r;'Vr 


.tCJ        .!■■■■ 


l:^^ 


.^PP^bwt^ 


^J7| 


CARP    PONDS    tASlERN     HATCHERY 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


139 


Statement  of  the  Deposits  of  Shad  Fry  in  the  Delaware  Biver 
During  the  Seasons  of  1889,  1890  and  1891,  by  Messengers  of  the 
Pennsylvania  and  U.  S.  Fish  Commissions. 


1889, 


Point  of  Deposit. 


May  15, 
June  11, 
10, 
11, 
May  13, 
IT, 
18, 
20. 
28, 

ao, 

IT. 

21, 

June  1, 

3, 

8, 

4. 

May  -•■>. 

Ib90. 
May  *, 
10. 
12, 
2T, 
29, 
14, 
14. 
14, 
34, 


Port  Jervis,  New  York, 

Gloucester,  New  Jersey 

Lambertvllle,  New  Jersey 

do.  do.  

Delaware  Water  Gap,  Pennsylvauia, 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 

do. 
do. 
do. 


Easton,  Peuusylvania,     .  . 

do.  do.  .  . 

do.  do.  .  . 

do.  da  .  . 

do.  do.  .  .  , 

Pond  Eddy,  Pennsylvania,    . 

do.  do. 

liaekawaxen.  Pennsylvania. 


rallie<Kin,  New  York,   . 

do.  do.  .  . 

<lo.  do.  .  . 

do.  do.  .  . 

do.  do.  .  . 

Laml»ertvilk-.  New  .lersej-, 
Lackawaxen.  Pennsylvani 
Gloucester,  New  Jersey, 
do.  do. 


30,      Itelaware  Water  Gap,  Peansylvania, 


ISOl, 

.May  15.  Lackawaxen.  Pennsylvania 

June  4.  do.  do.  .   .  . 

May  Vt,  I>elawar<-  Water  Gup.  Petinsylvania. 
•lune    1.  (Ki.  (ill.  do. 

May  if*.  Port  Jervis.  New  York , 


#••••• 


NUMBEK. 


T2y,000 
904,000 
970.000 
900,000 
475.000 
743.000 
2.S}7,000 
710,000 
HIO.OOO 
800,000 
7.10,000 
730,000 
720,000 
700,000 
800,000 
760.000 
779,000 
720,000 


500,WiO 
500.000 
600,000 

1.907.000 
650.000 

3,272.000 
.WO.OOO 

6,201,000 
521,000 
799,000 


428.000 
396,000 
162.000  I 

436,000  . 


Total 


15.217,000 


15.;K3.010 


;.-(■ 


140 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


Shad  Fky — Continued. 


m\\. 


Point  of  Deposit. 


June  2,     Port  Jer vis,  New  York, 
May  27,  I  Callicoon,  New  York,  . 


June  3, 
May  12, 


Callicoon,  New  York,    . 
Gloucester.  New  Jersey. 


NCMBEK. 


Total. 


4a5,000 

432,000 

427.000 

25,000 


3,107,000 


33,677,000 


Statement  of  Deposit  of  Shad  Fry  in  the  Susquehanna  River  in 
Pennsylvania  by  the  I'.  S.  Fish  Commission,  for  the  Years  1889, 
1890  and  1891. 


1889. 

May  lo.  Peach  Bottom, 

13,  McCalls  Ferry, 

14,  Fltes  Eddy,     . 
•J,,  do. 

17,  Columbia,    .  . 


18W). 
May     ■),      Kites  Eddy, 
14,  do. 


IMU. 
Apr.  28,     Columbia, 
30,     Kites  Eddy, 


May    2, 
4. 

fi, 
0. 

June  5, 
2, 

8, 


Peach  Bottom, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

Kites  E<ldy, 

do. 
Cclumltia,    .  . 
do.  .  > 

Fites  E«l<ly.     • 


3,971.000 


it.'iO.OOO 


No.  19] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


Summary  of  Distribution  1888  to  1891. 

Brook  Trout  Fry. 

188H-89,  Eastern  hatchery 1,060,000 

Western  hatchery, •       672,000 


Distributed  1888-89 

lS8'.»-flO    Eastern  hatchery 1,065,000 

Western  hatchery 1.020,000 


Distributed  1889-90 

1890-91,  Eastern  hatchery 1,348.000 

Western  hetchery,   .      1.160,000 


Distributed  1891-91 

Total  distribute<l  1888-91 

Brook  Trodt  One  Year  Old 


18510-91    Western  hatchery, 


Lake  Trout  Fry. 


1888-89,  Western  hatchery, 
1889-90,  Western  hatchery, 
1890-91,  Eastern  hatchery. 
Western  hatchery, 


215.500 
170,000 


Distributed  1890-91 

Total  distributed  1888  91, 

Lake  Trout  One  Year  Old. 


1890-91,  Western  hatchery, 


Lake  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 


1888-89.  Westeru  hetchery, 
1889-90,  Western  hatchery. 


Total  distribute.1  1888-90, 


California  Trout  Fry. 


1888-89,  Eastern  hatchery. 
Western  hatchery. 


«      •      •     • 


9l,rion 

329,000 


Distrlbute<l  lss8-89, 

1889-90,  Eastern  hatchery 48,.tOO 

Western  hatchery, 460.100 


Distributed  1889-90 

1W«-»1.  Eastern  hatchery 53,000 

Western  hatchery,    .      470.r)0O 


Distributed  1890-91 

Total  distribute.1  l»«8-9l, 

California  Trout  Two  Years  Old. 


1888-89,  Western  hatchery, 
1889-90,  Eastern  hatchery. 


141 


1,732.000 


2,694,900 


2  508,000 


6.934,900 


6.3S5 


3.V2,(XI0 
168,000 


196.'j00 


716..700 


1,000 


82.-, 
6I.> 

1.440 


420.i00 


oUS.tKIO 


52],:)00 


1,4:,2.600 


1,32.-. 

2.f*!t'> 


I 


}■* 


Tt>tal  distributiil  1888-90, 


4,J20 


M 


142  Report  of  the  [Off.  Doc  . 

California  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 

18S9-00,  Western  hatchery ''•''^ 

1890-91,  Eastern  hatchery, 347 

Total  distributed  1889-91 ^'^^0 

Hybrid  Trout  Fry. 

1889-90,  Western  hatchery, 18,000 

1890-91,  Western  hatchery,       104,000 

Total  distributed  1889-91 ^--'000 

Hybrid  Thout  One  Year  Old. 

1888-89,  Western  hatchery, 5,960 

1890-91,  Western  hatchery, 390 

Total  distributed  1888-91 fi^SaO 

Hybrid  Trout  Three  Years  Old. 
1889-90,  Western  hatchery ^ 

Brown  Trout  Fry. 
1890-91,  Western  liatcht-ry, 6»i,000 

Brown  Trout  One  Year  Old. 
1888-^9,  Western  hatchery • 375 

Loch  Laven  Trout  Try. 
l>^9-90.  Western  hatchery "'O-OOO 

Penobscot  Salmon  Fry. 
1889-90,  Eastern  hatchery, 34,000 

German  Carp  Fry. 

1888-89,  F^stern  hatchery,     •      2,801 

Western  hatchery.    .....••. 2,097 

Distrib»Jted  1888-89 4.898 

l8«9-!t0.  Eastern  liatchery,     2,810 

Western  hatchery 1,715 

Distribute*!  18K!-:<0 4,325 

1«10-»1,  Eastern  hatchery, "),a30 

Western  hatchery, 1,749 

Distributed  185)0-91 •>.679 

Total  distributed  1888-91 15.102 

Black  Bass. 

188VW10,  Western  hatchery -'•''•'»^ 

181tO-9l,  Western  hatchery, 1^^ 

Total  distributed  1H88-91, 2,:w 

Large  Mouth  Black  Bass. 

188g_«r»^  Western  hatchery, IW 

188J>-riU,  Western  hatchery ^ 

1890-91,  Western  hatchery, •^**'''» 

Total  distriinited  1888-91 4.681 


No.  19.] 


1888.89,  Western  hatchery,    . 
lK90-'.tl,  Western  hatchery,    . 


Fish  Commissioners. 


KocK  Bass. 


Total  distribut^Hl  18Ss-ni, 
18!H)  91,  Western  liatchery,       .   .   . 

18'.)0  91,  Western  hatchery 

1890  91,  Western  liatchery.        .   .   . 


Yellow  Bass. 


White  Bass. 


Stkawheuhy  Bass. 


1888-89,  Erie  hatchery 

18S!i-;(),  Erie  hatchery 

18110-91.  Erie  hatchery 

Total  di8tribut4><I  1888-91, 


ISH8  89,  Erie  hatchery, 
1SS9  !H).  Eri,'  h.itchery, 
iv.-d  !ti.  Erie  hatchery. 


Wallkykd  Pike. 


White  Klsh  Fry. 


Total  dlstribiitiMl  18«8  91. 


ImKiii,  i;ii,.  halehery,     . 


18K!»,  Delaware  river,      . 
Susi|ii»lianiia  river, 

Distributed  in  1S8!», 
I8".)0.  Delaware  river, 

SiiK<{iiehanna  river. 


Lake  Erie  Catkisii 


SlIAO. 


DistrilMited  in  I89U, 
1891.  Delaware  river, 

Su.si|uehanna  river. 


Total  distribution  18  9-18SU, 


143 


1,140 

i,:e'i 


2,465 


675 


lU 


835 


H,990,000 
■   .       i;J,.>4;1,(KI0 

•  .       40,tKX),0(lO 

•  •      (i:M35.0U0 


13,700,000 
10,100  (100 
1I,7T0,0CI0 


.570.000 


50 


I '...'17,0(10 

;{.97 1,(100 


•  l5,;r>:i,0(Ni 

950,000 


3,lU..lNIII 

5,:j5o,ooo 


I'.t.l.'-h.niii 

I»i,.'!OJ,UX, 

8,4.-.7,O0U 
4a,MM,0UU 


Total  distribution  brook  trout  18X8  to  1891. 

Total  distriliiitioii  Caliliiniia  trout  Is8,s  to  |89l ' 

Total  distribution  whifc-nsli  188.H  to  1891,  [ 

Total. lisfribiit  ion  wall-eyrd  pik.' lSb»  to  1891, 

Total  distribution  shad  18«8  to  1.S91, 

r«.tttl  distribution  niiscelhuH'ous  tlsh     ...  '      *'*''****'**W 

I,0ttr».|8.-, 

Total  disiributiuu  ot  Usli  t ruiu  18SW  to  1891       .  ~::~ 

' li»2,llM,J»lo 


fi,!m,22.j 
1.458,7ri»J 

:f).ri7o,W!o 
(i:{,i:t5,uou 


144 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo  . 


DIUKCTTONS  FOR  HANDLING  AND  PLANTING  TROI^T  FRY 

'rront  fry  sliouUl  he  plautcnl  in  small  spimg:  runs  tributary  to  the 
larger  stroani  in  which  they  will  live  until  larg:e  enou-h  to  run  into  the 

latter.  .,       , 

If  the  water  in  the  can  is  warmer  than  that  in  the  run  the  tempera- 
ture should  l»e  e(iualized  by  minglin-  in  the  can  before  emptymg",  as 
the  young  fish  are  sometimes  killed  by  a  too  sudden  change  ot  water. 

If  trout  fry  are  tnmsported  a  Ion-  distance  from  the  station  betore 
depositing  a  small  piece  oi  ice  .occasionally  placed  in  the  can  will  be 
useful,  especially  if  the  weather  is  warm. 

Th.^  cans  will  be  pi-eventinl  from  excessive  heating  if  partly  covereil 

with  a  light  cloth.  ,         .,  ♦  . 

If  tlie  fry  show  signs  of  exhaustion,  coming  to  the  surface,  the  watei 

should  be  frecpiently  aerated.     This  is  best  done  by  dipping  the  water 

from  the  can  and  letting  it  fall  into  it  from  some  height  so  as  to  torc-e 

iiir  into  the  water.  •    i  4  4 

Not  more  than  four  cans  of  fry  shouhl  be  placed  in  a  stream  eight  to 

ten  miles  in  length,  and  these  should  be  deposited  in   spring  runs  at 

nearlv  eiiui-distaut  intervals,  as  when  too  many  trout  are  deiK>sited  11. 

any  stream  the  supply  of  fish  food  will  soon  be  exhausted. 

Fry  should  be  deposited  in  the  run  when  the  journey  send  is  reatrheil. 

They  will  not  live  over  night  witlu>ut  constant  attention. 

Trout  are  sent  from  tlu'  hatiaieries  of  tlu^  Pennsylvania  Fish  Commis 

sion  when  over  three  months  old,  and  are   aimply  able   to  look  out  Im 

themselves  if  d.*posited  in  the  spring  runs  where   large   and  voraciou* 

lish  cannot  g<5t  at  them. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


145 


TREASURER'S  REPORT. 


Harrisburg,  June  1,  1891, 
Report  of  W.  L.  Powell,  treasurer  of  the   state  fishery  commission 
for  the  period  from  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1,  1891. 

Improvement  Accocnt  (Western  Hatchehyj. 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1,  1889, $150(10 

Repairs  Accodnt  (Columbia  Dam  . 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1889,  to  .Tune  1, 1890 $1,8.t0  00 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1890,  to  June  1,  1891 H  l-^ 

Fish  WAY  Accocvx  (Lackawaxex).  , 

Amount  expended  June  1, 1889,  to  June  I.IMO $1,500  00 

New  Hatchery  Accoitnt  (Allentown). 

Amount  expended  June  1, 1889,  to  June  1, 1890 $1,408  K5 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1880,  to  June  1,  1891, 1')  <''l 

Western  Hatchery  Accodst. 

Amouutexpended  June  1.  1888,  to  June  1,  1889, $2.ri0!>  ;J2 

Amount  expended  June  1.  1889.  to  June  1,  1890 3,3(>.">  'u 

Amount  exiiended  June  1,  1890,  to  June  1.  1891,    ....      3,638  Oti 

Eastern  Hatchery  Accocnt. 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1888.  to  June  1. 1889 $3,261  09 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1889,  to  June  1.  1890, 4.295  99 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1890,  to  June  1,  1891 4,368  00 

Erie  Hatchery  Account. 

Amount  expended  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1,  1889 $404  72 

Amountexpended  June  1. 1889.  to  June  1, 1890 1.405  2h 

Amount  expended  June  1, 1890,  to  June  1, 1891 1,153  41 

Fish  Warden  .\ccount. 

Amountexpended  June  1, 1888,  to  June  1,  1889,    .  .  *  • $2.0S2  Sit 

Amountexpended  June  1,  1889.  to  June  1,  1890 3,144  58 

Amountexpended  Juuo  1,1890,  to  June  1,1891 2,'S.52  61 

General  Expense  Account. 

Amountexpended  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1.  1889 $1,650  3S 

Amountexpended  June  1,  ISS*.*.  to  June  1,  1890, 2,310  46 

Amountexpended  June  1,  1890.  to  June  1,  1891 4.368  9? 

Repairs  Account  (Colcmbia  Dam). 

Amount  received  June  1,  1889,  to  June  1, 1890, $2,50* >  0(i 

FisnwAY  Accocnt  (Lackawaxen). 

Amouutn-ceive*!  June  1,  1889,  to  June  1.1890 $1.500  00 

New  Hatchery  Account  (Allentown). 

Amountrecelve«l  June  1,188!^  to  June  1. 1S90 $2,250  00 

I'iSH  Warden  Account. 

Amount  received  June  1,  1888,  to  June  1,1889 $2,500  00 

Amountreeeive«1  June  1,  1889,  to  June  1,  IS'.tO 3,:i00  00 

Amount  received  June  1,  IbW,  to  June  1, 1891 3,500  00 

General  Expe.vse  Account, 

Amount  received  June  1, 1888,  to  June  1,  18S9 $T.500  00 

Amount  received  June  1, 1889,  to  June  1.  1890 lO.COt  00 

Amountreceived  Junel,  1890.  to  June  1,  189! _)^ArA  50 

Amount  received  from  June  1,1888,  to  June  1,1890 HV~45  93 

Amountexpended  from  Junel,  1888,  to  Junel,  1891 43.42;]  50 

llalanceon  hand  Junel,  1891 Al-KL-J^ 

W.  L.  Powell,  TttosHnr. 
10-19-91. 


140 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


ACTS  PASSED  BY  THE   LEGISLATURE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 

IN  THE  SESSION  OF  1891. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


147 


sioiier  of  this  commouwealth,  the  appointment  or  appointments  by  the 
Governor  to  supply  such  vacancy  or  vacancies  in  the  board  of  fishery 
commissioners  shall  be  under  the  provisions  of  this  act. 

Section  7.  All  acts  or  parts  of  acts  inconsistent  herewith  are  hereby 
repealed. 

Approved  April  15,  A.  D.  1891. 

RoBT.  E.  Pattikon. 


A  N  A  C  T 

To  provhle  lor  the  appointment  and  increase  llie  erUciency  of  the  .•onunissioners  of 

tisheries  of  this  conunonwealth. 

Section  *1.  Be  it  enacted,  «('•<•.,  That  the  Governor  of  the  com- 
monwealth is  hereby  authorized  and  required,  upon  the  expiration 
of  the  terms  of  ofKce  of  the  person  and  persons  who  may  hold  and  ex- 
ercise the  office  of  fish  commissioner  of  this  state,  to  appoint,  subject 
to  the  approval  by  the  Senate,  six  competent  citizens  of  this  state  to  be 
and  act  as  a  board  of  fishery  commissioners,  no  two  of  whom  shall  be 
from  the  same  senatorial  district,  and  shall,  upon  such  appomtment, 
designate  which  two  of  said  persons  shall  receive  and  hold  office  Awyiu^ 
the  term  of  one  year,  which  two  of  said  persons  shall  receive  and  hold 
office  during  the  term  of  two  years,  and  which  two  of  said  pei-sons  shall 
receive  and  hold  office  during  the  term  of  three  years. 

Section  2.  I'pon  the  death,  resignation  or  removal  from  office  of  any 
person  so  appointed  as  aforesaid,  the  Governor  shall  appoint  a  compe- 
tent person  to  serve  for  the  unexpired  term  of  the  person  so  dying,  re- 
signing or  removed,  subject  to  the  approval  by  the  Senate  at  its  next 
meeting,  if  such  meeting  shall  be  before  the  expiration  of  the  term  of 
office  of  such  appointee. 

Section  3.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  office  of  any  person 
so  appointed  and  designated  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  their  suc- 
cessors shall  be  appointed  in  manner  aforesaid  for  the  term  of  three 
yeai-s,  so  that  there  shall  be  not  more  than  two  vacancies  at  any  one 
time  in  such  commission,  and  the  terms  of  two  commissioners  shall  ex- 
pire thereafter  each  year. 

Section  4.  Any  person  or  persons  appointed  commissioners  by  virtue 
of  this  act  shall  be  subject  to  and  liable  for  all  the  duties,  provisions  and 
obligations  given  and  imi>osed  by  any  law  of  this  commonwealth  now 
in  force  or  hereafter  enacted,  and  r«>ferring  to  the  duties  and  obligations 
M  the  commissioners  of  fisheries  of  this  commonwealth. 

Section  5.  Nothing  herein  contained  shall  interfere  or  alter  the  terms 
of  office  of  the  commissioners  now  acting,  and  they  shall  continue  in 
office  until  the  expiration  of  the  term  for  which  they  were  appointed. 

Section  G.  In  the  event  of  the  death,  resignation  or  removal  from  of- 
fice of  any  person  or  persons  now  octnipying  the  office  of  fish  commis- 


A  N    AC  T 

Makin^an  appropriation  for  the  protection  and  propagation  of  rtsh. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  (fee,  That  the  sum  of  thirty  thousand 
dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  specifi- 
cally appropriated,  to  be  paid  upon  the  warrant  or  wan-ants  of  the  state 
fishery  commissioners,  or  a  majority  of  them,  for  expenditures  during 
the  two  fiscal  years  beginning  June  first,  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  ninety -one,  for  the  purpose  of  hatching  and  propagating  useful  food 
and  game  fishes,  and  to  stock  and  supply  all  the  streams,  lakes  and 
waters  of  the  commonwealth  with  the  same  by  distributing  the  impreg- 
nated spawn  fry  to  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  for  the  dissemination  of 
any  varieties  of  fish  in  the  waters  of  the  state,  and  to  employ  the  neces- 
sary labor,  service,  material  and  implements  therefor,  and  to  pay  the 
necessary  and  reasonable  expenses  of  the  said  fishery  commissioners, 
and  to  pay  for  any  improvements  and  repairs  necessary  in  the  state 
hatcheries ;  and  that  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof 
as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  specifically  appropriated  for  the  salaries 
and  expenses  of  the  water  bailiff's  the  commissioners  may  appoint,  or 
may  have  appointed,  the  said  sum  to  cover  the  salaries  for  the  two  years 
aforesaid,  and  that  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof 
as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  specifically  appropriated  for  the  pur_ 
chase  of  a  fish  car  for  the  purpose  of  l)etter  and  more  safely  transport, 
ing  fish  and  fry  from  the  hatcheries  to  different  portions  of  the  state. 

The  said  appropriations  to  be  paid  on  the  warrant  of  the  Auditor 
General  on  a  settlement  made  by  him  and  the  State  Treasurer,  but  no 
warrant  shall  be  dmwn  on  settlement  miule  until  the  officers  of  said 
commission  shall  have  made,  under  oath,  to  the  Auditor  General,  a  re- 
port containing  an  itemized  statement  of  the  expenses  of  said  commis- 
sion during  the  pn^vious  quarter,  and  the  same  is  approved  by  him  and 
the  State  Treasurer,  nor  until  the  treasurer  shall  have  sufficient  money 
in  the  treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated  to  pay  the  quarterly  instal- 
ment due  said  I'ommission. 

Approved  June  20,  A.  D.  1891. 

RoHT.    E.    P.VTl'lSON. 


148 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


AN  ACT 

For  the  protection  of  Penobscot  salmon  planted  in  the  river  Delaware  and  provid- 
ing penalties  lor  the  enforcement  thereof. 

Whereas,  The  Delaware  river  has  been  stocked  with  Penobscot  sal- 
mou  by  the  Commissioners  of  Fisheries  of  Pennsylvania,  and  it  is  thought 
that  by  proper  protection  these  fish  may  become  plentiful;  therefore. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  &c.,  That  no  person  shall  at  any  time  kill  or 
catch,  or  attempt  to  kill  or  catch,  salmon  or  grrilse  in  the  waters  of  this 
state,  save  with  rod,  hook  and  line. 

Section  2.  No  salmon  or  grilse  shall  be  taken  by  any  means  from  the 
waters  of  this  state,  under  three  pounds  in  wei«:lit. 

Section  3  No  person  shall  catch,  or  attempt  to  catch,  any  salmon  or 
jrrilse  in  the  waters  of  this  state,  save  only  from  the  first  day  of  March 
to  the  fifteenth  day  of  August  in  each  year. 

Any  person  or  persons  violating  any  section  of  this  act  shall  be  fined 

twenty  dollars  for  each  salmon  or  grilse  illegally  taken,  or  one  day's 

imprisonment  for  each  dollar  of  fine. 

Approved  May  20,  A.  D.  1891. 

Robt.  E.  Paitisox. 


AN   act. 
To  amend  an  act  entitled  "An  act  for  the  protecticm  of  shad  and  game  lisli  in  the 
.State  of  Pennsylvania,"  ai)proved  the  twenty-second  day  of  May,  Anno  Domin 
one  thousand  eight  hundre.l  and  eighty-nine,  extending  the  time  which  pike  and 
pickerel  may  be  caught. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  dv.,   That  section  four  of  an  act,  eutitietl 
"An  act  for  the  protection  of  sliad  and  game  fish  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania," approved  .the  twenty-second  day  of  May,  Anno  Domini  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty-nine,  which  reads  as  follows,  namely : 
"No  person  shall  catch  or  kill,  in  any  of  the  rivei-s,  waters  or  streams 
of  this  commonwealth,  any  black  bass  or  wall-eyed  pike  under  six  inches 
in   length,   or  any  rock   bass   under  five   inches   in   length,  under  a 
penalty  of   ten   dollars  for  every  fish   so  caught.     But   should   any 
such  fish   be   taken   of  less  size  than  the   above,  or  should  any  wall- 
eyed pike   or    rock   bass  of  any   size   be   taken  from    the   waU^rs  ni 
which  they  have  been  introduced  within  two  years  from  the  passage  of 
this  act,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  any  one  taking  or  capturing  the  same  to 
return  the  fish  immediately  to  the  water  from  whence  taken ;  and  no 
person  shall  by  any  means  or  device  whatsoevc^r  catch  or  kill,  in  any  of 
the  waters  of  this  state,  any  pike  or  pickerel  between  the  first  day  of 
December  and  the  first  day  of  June  in  any  year.     Any  violation  of  this 
section  shall  subject  the  ofi^ender  to  a  penalty  of  ten  dollars  foi- each 
and  every  fish  so  caught,"  be  and  the  same  is  liereby  amended  to  read 

as  follows: 

No  p-rson  shall  catch  or  kill,  in  any  of  the  rivers,  waters  or  streams 
of  this  commonwealth,  any  black  bass  or  wall-eyed  pike  under  six  inches 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


149 


in  length,  or  any  rock  bass  under  five  inches  in  length,  under  a  penalty 
of  ten  dollars  for  every  fish  so  caught.  But  should  any  such  fish  be 
taken  of  less  size  than  the  above,  or  should  any  wall-eyed  pike  or  rock 
bass  of  any  size  be  taken  from  the  waters  in  which  they  have  been  intro- 
duced, within  two  years  from  the  passage  of  this  act,  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  any  one  taking  or  capturing  the  same,  to  return  the  fish  imme- 
diately to  the  water  from  whence  taken ;  and  no  person  shall  by  any 
means  or  device,  wliatseover,  catch  or  kill,  in  any  of  the  waters  of  this 
state,  any  pike  or  pickerel  between  the  first  day  of  February  and  the 
first  day  of  June  in  any  year.  Any  violation  of  this  section  shall  sub- 
ject the  offender  to  a  penalty  of  ten  dollars  for  each  and  every  fish  so 
caught. 

Approved  April  15,  A.  D.  1891. 

RoBT.  E.  Pattison. 


150 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


LIST  OF  FISH  COMMISSIONERS  OF  UNITED  STATES  AND 

CANADA. 


The  United  Stateh. 

Col.  Marshall  MacDonald,  commissioner,  Wa8hin«rton,  D.  C. 
Capt.  J.  W.  Collins,  assistant  in  charge  of  fisheries  division. 
Richard  Ratburn,  assistant  in  charge  of  scientific  inquiry. 
Georg-e  H.  H.  Moore,  superintendent  of  distribution. 
T.  H.  Bean,  ichthyologist  and  editor. 
I.  I.  O'Connor,  chief  clerk, 
John  Gay,  inspector  of  stations. 

AliABAMA. 

Col.  D.  R.  Hundley,  Madison. 

Hon.  Charles  S.  G.  Doster,  Prattsville. 

Arizona. 

T.  W.  Otis,  Prescott, 
John  Howard,  Prt^scott 
C.  W.  Stearns,  Phenix. 

Arkansas.* 

H.  H.  Rottakeu,  president.  Little  Rock. 
T\'.  B  Worthen,  secretary,  Little  Rock. 
J.  W.  Calloway  Little  Rock. 

Dominion  of  Canada. 

John  Tiltou,  deputy  minister  of  fisheries,  Ottawa. 

S.  Wilmot,  superintendent  of  fish  culture  for  Canada.  Ottawa. 

inspectors  of  fisheries. 
Aora  Scnfiu. 

A.  C.  Bertram,  North  Sydney,  C.  B.,  N.  S. 
Robert  Hockin,  Pictou,  N.  S. 
J.  R.  Kinney,  Yarmouth,  N.  S. 

Xew  BruuHivirk. 

Capt.  J.  H.  Pratt,  steamship  "Dream,"  St.  John,  N.  B. 

Robert  Chapman,  Moncton,  N.  B. 

David  Morrow,  Oromocto,  N.  B.  ^ 

*ThiH  MtHte  lisis  never  made  an  appntpriation  for  flnli  oiiltiire. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


151 


Prince  Edtvard  Island. 
Edward  Hacket,  Tignish,  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Quebec. 
William  Wakeham,  Gaspe  Basin,  Quebec. 

Manitoba. 
Alexander  McQueen,  Winnepeg,  Manitoba. 

Xorfh ivesteru  Territories. 
F.  C.  Gilchrist,  Fort  Qu'  Appelle,  Assa. 

British  Columbia. 
Thomas  Mowat,  New  Westminster,  B.  C. 

Otficvrs  in  Charge  of  Fitih-Breediwj  Esfa^>h'f<hwents. 

Charles  Wilmot,  officer  in  charge,  Newcastle,  Ontario. 

William  Parker,  Sandwich,  Ontario. 

L.  N.  Catellier,  Tadoussac,  Quebec. 

A.  H.  Moore,  Magog,  Quebec. 

Henry  Davis,  Gaspe,  Quebec. 

Alexander  Mowat,  Restigouche,  N.  B. 

Charles  :McCluskey,  Grand  Falls,  N.  B. 

Isaac  Sheasgreen,  Miramichi,  N.  B 

A.  B.  Wilmot,  Bedford,  N.  S. 

C.  A.  Farquharson,  Sydney,  C.  B.,  N.  S. 

Thomas  Mowat,  New  Westminster,  B.  C. 

Califouni.\. 

Joseph  Routier,  Sacramento. 
C.  M.  Joslyn,  San  Francisco. 
J.  Downey  Harvey,  San  Francisco. 


Coloralk). 


Gordon  Land,  Denver 


Connecticut. 

Dr.  William  M.  Hudson,  Hartford. 
James  A.  Bill,  Lyme. 
George  C.  Waldo,  Bridgeport. 

1  )klawauk. 

Charles  Schubert,  Odessa. 

Dr.  E.  G.  Shortledge,  Wilmington, 


152 


Report  of  the 


[Off.  Doo. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


153 


Georgia. 

J,  H.  Henderson,  Atlanta. 

Dr.  H.  H.  Gary,  superintendent,  La  Grang-e. 

Illinois. 

N.  K.  Fairbanks,  president,  Chicag-o. 
8.  P.  Bartlett,  secretary,  Quiucy. 
George  Breuuing,  Centralia. 


Indiana. 


W.  T.  Dennis,  Richmond. 


Iowa. 


E.  D.  Carlton,  Spirit  Lake. 
Ole  Bjorenson,  superintendent. 


S.  Fee,  Wamego. 


Kansas. 


Kentucky. 


William  Griffith,  president,  Louisville. 

P.  H.  Darby,  Princeton. 

John  B.  Walker,  Madisouville. 

Hon.  C.  J.  Walton,  Mumfordville. 

Hon.  John  A  Steele,  Midway. 

W.  C.  Price,  Danville. 

Hon.  J.  M,  Chambers,  Independence. 

A.  H.  Goble,  Catlettsburg*. 

J.  H.  Mallory,  Bowling  Green. 

Maine. 

E.  M.  Stillwell,  Bangor. 
Henry  O.  Stanley,  Dixfield. 

B.  W.  Couuce,  sea  and  shore  fisheries,  Thomaston. 

Mahyland. 

Dr.  E.  W.  Humphries,  Salisbury 
G.  W.  Delawder,  Oakland. 

Massachusetts. 

E.  A.  Brackett,  Winchester. 
E.  H.  Lathrop,  Springfield. 
J.  C  Young,  Wellrteet. 


Michigan. 

Herschel  Wliitaker,  Detroit. 

Joel  C  Parker,  M.  D.,  Grand  Rapids. 

Hoyt  Post,  Detroit.  • 

Walter  D.  Marks,  superintendent,  Paris. 

George  D.  Mussey,  secretary,  Detroit. 

William  A.  Butler,  Jr.,  treasurer,  Detroit. 

Minnesota. 

Robert  Ormsby  Sweeney,  president,  St.  Paul. 

William  Bird,  Fairmount. 

Niles  Carpenter,  Rushford. 

S.  S.  Watkins,  superintendent,  Willow  Brot)k,  St.  Paul. 

Missouri. 

H.  M.  Garlichs,  chairman,  St.  Joseph. 
J.  L.  Smith,  Jefferson  City. 
H.  C.  AVest,  St.  Louis. 

A.  P.  Campbell,  secretary,  St.  Joseph. 

Siiperinfendenfs 

Philip  Kopplin,  Jr.,  St.  Louis. 
Elias  Cottrill,  St.  Joseph. 

Nehuaska 

William  L.  May,  Fremont. 

B.  E.  B.  Kennedy,  Omaha. 
McBride,  Lincoln. 

M.  E.  O'Brien,  superintendent,  South  B«*nd. 

Neva]  kk 
George  T.  Mills,  Carson  City. 

New  Hami»shire. 

(ieorge  W.  Riddle,  Manchester. 
Elliott  B.  Hodge.  Plymouth. 
Willard  H.  Griffin,  Henuiker. 

Suj^eriniehdent  t>f  Phj^nouth,  Sunn  [tee,  Lacotn'n,    lirisfn/  awl 

Coh'hi'ooJi  Haliherit'ti. 

Com.  E.  B.  Hodge,  Plymoutii. 

Mew  Jersey. 

George  Pfeiffer,  Jr.,  Canulen. 
R.  M.  Foote,  Morristown. 


154 


Keport  of  the 


[Off.  Doc. 


New  York. 

L.  D.  Hunting-ton,  president,  New  Rochelle, 
W.  H.  Bowman,  Rochester, 
A.  Sylvester  Johne,  Tottenville, 
David  G.  Hackney,  Fort  Plain, 

Laward  P.  Doyle,  clerk  and  engineer,  81  Fulton  street,  New  York. 
Monroe  A.  Green,  superintendent  Caledonia  Station,  Mumford,  Mon- 
roe county. 
John  G.  Roberts,  superintendent  Adiromlack  Station,  Sarauac  Inn 

P.O. 

E.  L.  Marks,  superintendent  Fulton  Chain  Station,  Old  Forge,  Herki- 
mer county. 

E.  F.  Boehm,  superintendent,  Sacandaga  Station,  Newtons  Corners. 

Fred.    Mather,  superintenvient    Cold   Spring   Harl)or  Station,  Cold 

Spring  Harbor,  L.  I. 

J.  AVarren  Pond,  chief  game  and  fish  protector,  Albany. 

Joseph  W.  Merserean,  state  oyster  protector,  81  Fulton  street,  New 
York. 

Gam*'  ond  Fish  Prniectors 

Robert  Brown,  Jr.,  Port  Richmond,  S.  I. 

Willett  Kidd,  Newburgh. 

Matthew  Kennedy,  Hudson. 

Hai'rison  Hawn,  Cicero. 

Isaac  Kenwell,  Indian  Lake. 

John  Hawkins,  Canton,  St.  Lawrence  county. 

Sherman  F.  Snyder,  Davenport. 

Peter  R.  Leonard,  Ogdensburgh. 

George  Moyer,  Lowville. 

Thomas  Bradley,  Rockwood. 

Daniel  Staring,  Alexandria  Bay. 

Henry  C.  Carr,  Union  Springs. 

George  M.  Schwartz,  Rochester. 

Charles  Ripson,  Youngstown. 

Sfcretartf. 
E.  P.  Doyle,  room  311.  Potter  Building,  New  York  city. 

SufwrintemlenlH. 

Fred  Mather,  Cold  Spring  Harbor. 

MonrcM)  A.  Green,  Caledonia. 

James  H.  Marks,  Bloomingdale,  Adiiondm-ks. 

E.  L.  Marks,  Sacanda. 

E.  F.  Boclini,  Mill  Creek. 


No.  19.] 


Fish  Commissioners. 


155 


SheU/i.sh  Comiiiission. 

E.  G  Blackford,  commissioner,  80  Fultpn  Market,  New  York. 
William  G.  Ford,  engineer,  80  Fulton  Market,  New  York. 

J.  W.  Merserau,  oyster  protector,  80  Fulton  Market,  New  York. 

NoiiTH  Carolina. 
No  commission. 

Ohio. 

J   A.  Henshau,  president,  Cincinnati. 

A  C.  Williams,  secretary,  Cliagriu  Falls. 

John  Hofer,  Bellaire. 

John  H.  Law,  Cincinnati. 

Hon.  Emory  D.  Potter,  Toledo. 

Thomas  D.  McNott,  superintendent,  Sandusky 

L.  K.  Buutain,  chief  warden,  Dayton. 

Oregon. 

F.  C.  Reed,  president,  Clackamas. 
E.  P.  Thompson,  Portland. 

R.  C  Campbell,  Ranier. 

Pennsylvanl\. 

Henry  C.  Ford,  president,  524  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia. 

H.  C.  Demuth,  secretary  of  board,  Lancaster. 

S.  B.  Stilwell,  Scran  ton 

G  H.  Welshons,  coiTesponding  secretary,  Pittsburg", 

W.  L.  Powell,  treasurer,  Harrisburg. 

L.  Streuber,  Erie. 

Sn/Lnrinfeudeufti. 

John  P.  Creveliugr,  Allentown. 
William  Buller,  Corry. 
William  Buller,  Erie. 

Rhode  Island. 

J.  M.  K.  South  wick,  Newport. 
Henry  T.  Hoot,  Providence. 
William  P.  Morton,  Johnston. 

SoiTH  Cakolina. 
Hon   A.  P.  Butler,  Coluiiii>ij». 

Tknnesske. 

W.  W.  McDowell,  Memphi.s 
H.  H.  Sneed,  Chattanooga, 
Edward  1).  Hicks,  Nashvillr. 


156 


Report  of  the  Fish  Commissioners. 


[Off.  Doo. 


UlAH. 

A.  Milton  Miisser,  Salt  Lak.e  City. 

Vermont. 

C.  C.  Warren,  AVaterbur}'. 
J.  A.  Titcoml),  Rutland. 

TlK(iINIA. 

Dr.  J.  T.  Wilkins,  Bridgetown. 

West  Viiu;inia. 

C.  S.  White,  president,  Rumney. 
F.  J.  Baxter,  treasurer,  Sutton. 
James  H.  Miller,  secretary,  Hintou. 

Wisconsin. 

The  Governor,  exofficio. 

Philo  Dunning-,  president,  Madison. 

C.  L.  Valentine,  secretary  and  treasurer,  Janesville, 

Mark  Douglas,  Melrose. 

A.  V.  H  Carpenter,  Milwaukee. 

Calvert  Spensley,  Mineral  Point. 

E.  S.  Miner,  Sturgeon  Bay. 

James  Neviu,  superintendent,  Madison. 


WvOMINCi, 


Louis  Miller,  Laramie 


Official  Document, 


No.  19. 


INDEX. 


Pnge, 

Act  passed  hy  the  TiCjifislature  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  session  of  1891,     ....  146 

Allentown,  tilt!  i:asiern  Hatchery  at,            72 

Couunissioners,  Fish,  list  of,  '\n  the  United  States  and  Canada, 150 

Corry,  tiie  Western  Hatchery  at,      17 

Direction  for  haniUing  ami  phmtinf?  trout  fry, 144 

Kastorn  Hatchery  at  .Mlentown,  the, 72 

Erie  Hatchery,  the, H 

Fisli  Commissioners  of  ilie  Tnited  States  and  Canada,  list  of, 150 

Fislieries,  report  of  State  Commissioners  of, 3 

Handling  and  planting  trout  fry,  direction  for, 144 

Hatcljery,  the  Eastern,  at  Allentown, 72 

Hatcliery,  the  Erie, H 

Hatchery,  tlie  Western,  at  Corry, ' 17 

Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  a»t  passed  by  the,  in  the  session  of  1891, 146 

Listof  Fish  Commissioners  in  tlio  I'nited  States  and  Canada, 150 

Report  of  State  Commissioners  of  Fisheries, S 

Report,  Treasurer's, 145 

State  Commissioners  of  Fisheries,  report  of, 8 

Summary, 141 

Treasurer's  report, 145 

Trout  fry,  direction  for  lianiUiiig  and  phmting, 144 

Western  Hatcliery,  the,  at  Corry, 1" 


(in?) 


(loH) 


THE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 


^^  itli  Inscriptions  of  the  Speries  and  Notes  on  tlieii'  <  ohirkhi 

Names.  Distribution,   Habits,   Keprodnetion.  Kate 

of  (irowtb  and  Mode  of  Captnie. 


BV 

TARLETON    II.    RKAN.  M.  P.. 

ASSISTANI     IN    <  IIAKC.K    lll\lf-l«>V    OF    KISII    I T  I.I  I '  HI-;.    IMIKIl    srATKS    FiSil    «  t  >  »l  M  ISSION  :    IMIMIKAUV 
<  fKATOII    i>f  I'A  KTMKVT    <>K    FISIIE<.    IVITKD    STATP^    VATKlNAI.    MI'SITM.    KTC.  .    KTf. 


U) 


INTRODUCTION. 


11; 


Early  in  1891  Mr.  Henry  C  Ford  requested  me  to  prepare  a  paper  upon 
the  fishes  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  current  report  of  the  Fish 
Commission  of  which  he  is  ]3resident.  The  scope  of  the  article  was,  by 
mutual  ag-reement,  to  be  limited  to  brief  descriptions  of  the  species,  with 
notes  upon  their  common  names,  distribution,  size,  habits,  reproduction, 
rate  of  «-rowtli  and  mode  of  capture.  Inasmuch  as  the  plan  of  the  work 
involved  the  illustration  of  all  the  important  fishes  it  was  not  considered 
essential  to  introduce  keys  for  the  identification  of  the  species. 

The  descriptions  are  chiefly  orig-inal,  and  are  based  upon  specimens 
contained  in  the  collection  of  the  United  {States  National  Museum  at 
Washinfirtou,  ]).  C.  The  popular  notes  have  been  obtained  larg-ely  from 
orig-inal  investi<?ations  and,  in  part,  by  compilation  from  the  writing-s 
of  Goode,  Gill,  Cope,  and  Jordan.  In  connection  with  field  work  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  the  writer  has  derived 
much  information  of  value,  which  is  here  for  the  first  time  recorded. 

The  colored  plates  were  made  by  Mr.  Sherman  F.  Denton  of  Welles- 
lej',  Mass.,  from  living-  or  fresh  specimens.  The  major  portion  of  the 
illustrations  in  black  have  been  reproduced  from  original  drawings  be- 
long-iug"  to  the  United  States  Fish  Commission.  In  addition  to  these, 
a  numbei-  of  new  illustrations  were  made  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Van  Hook  and 
Mr.  A.  H.  Baldwin. 

Aeknowledg-mentsare  due  to  James  Thoni])sou  of  Erie,  John  W.  Hag-ue, 
Es(].,  of  Pittsburg",  A.  B.  Burns  and  D.  T.  AVebster,  Es<j.,  of  Montrose, 
Ben.  L.  Hewitt,  Esq.,  HoUidaysburp:,  Dr.  B.  H.  "Warren  of  West  Cliestei, 
Hon.  Henry  C.  Ford  and  John  Gay  of  Philadelphia,  and  "W".  L.  Powell 
of  Harrisburgr,  for  valuable  notes  upon  the  distribution  and  habits  of 
the  species.  Mr.  Barton  A  Bean,  assistant  curator  of  the  department 
of  fishes,  I'nited  States  National  Museum,  rendered  much  assistance  in 
preparing-  the  descriptions  and  drawing's  of  the  species. 

The  scope  of  this  paper  do(^s  not  include  statistics  of  the  commercial 
fisheries,  but  it  may  be  of  interest  to  re-mark  that,  considering- the  short 
lake  coast  of  the  state,  amounting-  to  only  forty -s^'ven  miles,  it  is  the 
scene  of  the  most  im]>ortant  fisheries  of  tlie  state.  According-  to  tiie 
Jirririv  (>/■///('  Fl.shcn'v.s  off  In  Grvni  Lakes  in  ISSf,,  i)ublished  in  the  re- 
port of  the  Ignited  States  Fish  Commission,  Erie  tlien  had  nineteen 
pound-nets  and  10,700  g-ill-nets.  Erie  fisliermen  caug-ht  m^arly  two- 
thirds  of  all  the  white  fish  taken  in  the  lake  in  that  year,  their  catch 
amouiitiijg-  to  more  tlian  2,000,000  pounds  out  of  a  total  of  3,500,000 
pounds.     The  wjiolesale  vahn'  of  the  iish  products  is  said  to  have  been 

Uii) 


IV 


INTRODUCTIOX 


$412,750.  The  principal  commercial  fishes  were  blue  pike,  lake  herring-, 
white  fish,  suckers  and  other  fish  of  the  same  family,  sturgeon,  perch, 
pike  perch,  lake  trout,  cat  fish,  saugers,  bass,  grass  pike  and  muscalonge, 
these  being  named  in  the  order  of  their  aggregate  in  weight.  The  total 
catch  of  these  species  for  the  year  amounted  to  10,793,500  pounds. 

Only  a  few  lake  trout  were  taken  off  Erie  and  those  were  large,  weigh- 
ing from  twenty  five  to  forty  pounds  each  White  fish  are  caught  in 
Erie  county  chiefly  in  July,  August  and  November.  Lake  herring  and 
blue  pike  are  taken  chiefly  in  April  and  the  early  part  of  May. 

The  whole  number  of  species  credited  to  Pennsylvania  is  one  hundred 
and  fifty -seven.  The  families  which  are  represented  by  the  largest  num- 
ber of  species  are  those  including  the  cat  fishes,  suckers,  minnows,  sun- 
fishes  and  darters. 

The  following  is  a  provisional  statement  of  the  distribution  of  the 
species  with  reference  to  the  Lake  Erie  basin,  the  Ohio  valley,  and  the 
streams  of  the  Atlantic  drainage  system.  The  fish  fauna  of  Lake  Erie 
is  not  sufficiently  known  to  enable  me  to  present  it  with  certainty  and 
completeness. 

Distribution  of  Pennsylvania  Fishes. 


Ijako 
l<:rie. 


Ohio 
vallev. 


1.  .Xiiimoca'tes  niger, 

2.  Petromyzon  uiarimis, 

3.  Petroiiiyzon  concolor, 

4.  Polvodoii  Hpathula, 

5.  Scaphirhynehus  platyrliynchus, 
G.  Acipeiiser  sturio, 

7.  .\eipeii8er  brevirostruni,     .    .   . 

8.  Acipenser  rul)K*uinlUH,     .    .    .    . 
\).  Lepisosteus  osseus, 

10.  Lepisosteus  platystoiuus,    .    .    . 
li.  Ainiacalva, 

12.  Tetalurus  punctatus, 

13.  AiniurusiiiKrirans 

14.  Aniiurusalhidns 

15.  AmiJirus  natalis 

H5.  Ainiurus  vulgaris 

17.  AiniuruH  nel)uloHus,     

is.  Aiiiiurns  inoUs, 

19.  <Jroniasiiif?rihibris, 

2(».  Li'ptops  olivaris 

21.  NoluniM  llavus, 

22.  Nolurus  insigiiis 

2;i.  Noturusgyrimis, 

24.  Ictiobus  iirus,       

25.  Iftiobiis  bubal  us, 

20.  Ictiobus  farpio, 

27.  Ictiol>u«  (lilVorniis, 

28.  Ictiobus  velifer, 

2i>,   Ictiobus  ryprinus, 

30.  <\vi'leptus'('lon^atu» 

31.  Ciitostonuis  calostoiuus,  .    .    .    . 

32.  CatostonnnlercH, 

33.  Catostoinus  nigricans, 

,3-1.   Kriniyzon  sucotta, 

X\.  MinytriMua  nielanops, 


X 


(?) 


Atlantic 
basin. 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
X 


X 

\ 

X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
.X 
X 
X 
X 

X 

X 

.\ 

X 

X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 


X 

* 


x 
X 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 
64. 
55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 
59. 
60. 
61. 
62. 
6;{. 
64. 
65. 
66. 
(yj. 
68. 
69. 
70. 
71. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
75. 
76. 
77. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 

8:^. 

84. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
8H. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 
93. 
94. 
95. 
96. 
97. 
98. 
99. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Distribution  of  Pennsylvania  Fishes — Continued. 


Moxostoina  anisurum,  .  .  .  . 
Moxostonia  niacrolepidotum, 
Moxostonia  aureolum,  .  .  .  . 
Moxostoniacrassilabre,  .  .  . 
Placopliarynx  carinatus,  .  .  . 
Canipostuina  anonialum,  .  . 
Chrosonius  erytlirogaster,  .  . 
Hybognathus  nuchalis,    .    .   . 

Hybognathus  regius 

Pinieplialcs  promelas,  .    .   .   . 


Lake 
Krie. 


X 
X 
X 


Piniephales  notatus, 
Exoglossuni  maxillingua,  . 
Notropis  bifrenatus,  .... 

Notropis  prcxjne, 

Notropis  hudsonius,  .... 

Notropis  aniarus, 

Notropis  whipplei,  .... 
Notropis  niegaiops,  .... 
Notropis  chalybieus,      .    .    . 

Notropis  jejunus, 

Notropis  sc'abriceps,  .... 

Notropis  ardens,  ...... 

Notropis  photogenis,     .    .   . 

Notropis  dilectus, 

Notropis  atherinoidcs,  .    .    . 

F^ric*yini)a  buccata, 

Phonacobius  tcretulus,  .  . 
Rhinichthys  catarartas  .  . 
Rliiniclithys  atronasus,    .   . 

Hybopsis  dissiniilis 

Hyl)oi)sisaniblops,  .  .  . 
Hyl)opsis  kentuekiensis,  . 
Sernotilus  bullaris,  .... 
.Semotilus  atroinaculatus,  . 
Phoxinus  elongatus,  .  . 
Phoxinus  funduloides,  .  . 
Phoxinus  niargaritus,  .  .  . 
Noteniigonus  chrysoleucus, 

Carassius  auratus, 

Cyprinus  farpio, 

Hyodon  alosoides, 

Hyodon  tergisus, 

CI  u  pea  vernal  is,  .  ... 

Clupeachrysochloris,  .  .  . 
Clupeasapidissinia,  .  .  .  . 
Brevoortia  tyraniius.  .  .  . 
Dorosoniarepeiiianuni,    .    . 

Osinerus  mordax 

Coregonus  ({uadrilateralis, 
Coregonus  clupoitoruiis, 

Coregonus  ar ted i, 

Coregonus  lull i bee,  .  .  .  . 
Tliyniallusontariensis,  .  . 
Oncorhynflius  cliouicha,    . 

Salinosalar 

Salino  irideus, 

Sal  mo  fario.  

Salvelinus  t'ontinalis,  .  .  . 
Salvelinus  nainaycush,  .  . 
Perc'opsisguttatus,  .  .  .  . 
Fundulus  niajalis,  .  .  . 
Funduius  diaplianuM. 
Fundulus  heteroclitus,  .  . 
/ygonectes  notatus 


Ohio 
valley. 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 


X 

X 
X 


X 
X 

X 
X 


Atlantic 
basin. 


X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
.X 


m 


X 
X 
X 
X 

X 
X 


X 
X 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 

.\ 


X 
X 
X 


X 


X 


X 


X 
X 
X 

X 
X 
X 

* 
* 


X 

X 
X 
X 
X 


* 
* 

■K 

* 
.X 

X 
.X 
X 
X 


'  S|M'Cle«  !«<>  iriurkeil  hnv»>  iM-eri  liitnMlnceil. 


VI 


INTRODUCTION. 


DisTiUBiTTiON  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  FiSHEs — Continued 


Lake 
Erie. 


100.  Zygonectes  dispar, 

101.  Uiiil)ra  liini. 

102.  Umbra  pygnuoa, 

103.  Esox  aiiiericanus, 

104.  Esox  veriiiiiMilatua, 

105.  Esox  reticulatus, 

106.  Esox  lueius,  

107.  Esox  nobilior, 

108.  Anguilla  rostrata, 

109.  Tylosurus  uiarinus, 

110.  Euealia  incoiistans, 

111.  (iasterosteus  aculeatus,   .   .   . 

112.  Apeltes  qiiadracus, 

113.  Menidia  tjoryllina, 

114.  Labidesthes  siec^ulus,   .   .   .   . 

115.  Apliredodorus  sayanus,  .   .   . 

116.  Pomoxys  sparoides, 

117.  Pomoxys  annularis, 

118.  Auil)loplites  rupestris,     .   .   . 

119.  Acantharclms  pomolis,    .   .   . 

120.  Enneacanlhus  ol>esus,  .    .    .    . 

121.  Enni'acantlius  siniulans,    .    . 

122.  Mesogonistius  cluetodon,    .    . 

123.  Lt'pomis  cyanellus, 

124.  Lepomis  ma<'ro('liirii8,  .... 

125.  Lepomis  pall  id  us, 

126.  Lepomis  auritus, 

127.  Lepomis  megalotis, 

128.  Lepomis  gibbosus, 

129.  Microptirus  dolomien,     .    .    . 

130.  MiiTopterus  salmoitles,   .   .   . 

131.  Etheostoma  pelUicida,  .   .   .   . 

132.  Etheostoina  olnistedi,   .... 

133.  Etiieostonuv  nigrum,     .   .   .   . 

134.  Etiieostoma  si'sopus,     .... 
1:^6.  Etiieostoma  blennioides,    .   . 

136.  Etiieostoma  caprodes,  .... 

137.  Etheostoma  maerocephalum, 

138.  Etheostoma  peltatuni,  .   .   .   . 

139.  Etiieostoma  aspro,      

140.  Etheostoma  variatum,  .   .   .   . 

141.  Etheostoma  zonaie, 

142.  Etheostoma  maeulatum,  .  .    . 

143.  Etheostoma  llabellare,  .    .    .    . 

144.  Etheostoma  eieruleum,   .    .   . 

145.  Perea  Haveseens, 

146.  Stizostedion  vitreum,    .   .   .   . 

147.  Stizostedion  salnioneuin,    .   . 

148.  Sti/ostedion  canadense,   .   .   . 

149.  RoiM-UH  iineatus, 

150.  Hoocusehrysops, 

151.  Morone  americana, 

152.  Morone  interrupta, 

153.  Aplodinotus  gninniens,  .    .    . 

154.  Uranidea  riehardsoni,  .   .   .    . 

155.  II  ran  idea  viseosa, 

156.  Uranidea  gracilis, 

157.  Lota  maculosa, 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


Ohio 
valley. 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 

.\ 

X 


x 
■s 

\ 


X 
X 
X 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 


Atlantic 
basin. 


X 
X 

X 
X 

X 
X 

X 
X 

X 


X 

X 
X 

X 
X 


X 
X 
X 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


VII 


It  is  hoped  that  this  report  will  stimulate  iuvestig-ation  of  the  waters 
of  the  state  with  the  result  of  briuofing'  tog^ether  collections  to  form  the 
basis  of  a  much  more  extensive  and  satisfactory  account  of  the  tishes  of 
this  g-reat  commonwealth.  The  author  will  gladly  undertake  tli<5  pre- 
paration of  a  linal  report  provided  he  can  secure  the  co-operation  o(  col- 
lectors in  various  parts  of  the  state,  and  particularly  in  localities  wherein 
the  fishes  are  comparatively  little  known. 

TAKLETON  H.  BEAN, 
r.  8.  Fish  Commission,  Washington,  D.  C, 
November  i'5.  I8y^^. 


X 

X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 

X 

* 


X 
X 
X 
X 

X 


X 
X 


X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


X 
X 

X 


X 
X 


X 
X 


X 


X 
X 
X 


!*peclei«  I'll  marlieil  hHVf  bt'oii  iiitriulueed. 


Fishes  of  Pennsylvania. 


Class  CYCLOSTOMI.     The  Myzonts. 
ORDER  HYPEROARTIA. 

Family  PETROMYZONTIDiE.     The  Lampreys. 


Genus  AMMOCCETES  D 


I  MKKIK 


(viii) 


The  g-enus  Ammocwteti  is  best  distinguished  from  Pefromj/zou  by  the 
structure  of  its  so-called  maxillary  tooth,  which  has  the  form  of  a  cres- 
cent-shaped plate  with  terminal  cusps  and  sometimes  an  additional  me- 
dian cusp.  In  Petromyzon  this  bony  plate  is  short  and  contains  two  or 
three  teeth,  which  are  very  closelj'  placed. 

1.  AmmoccBtes  nigger  RAFiNEsyuE. 

The  Hrook   liainprey.      {Fitjure  10.) 

The  high  dorsal  fln  is  (Jivided  into  two  parts  by  a  deep  notch.  Several  of  the  teetli 
on  the  side  of  tlie  buccal  disk  are  bicuspid  and  the  rest  simple.  The  mandibulary 
plate  is  nearly  straight  and  lias  eight  or  ten  cusps  of  nearly  equal  size.  The  length 
of  the  head,  including  the  gills,  is  contained  four  and  three-fourths  times  in  the  total. 
Tliere  arc  sixty-seven  muscular  impressions  from  gills  to  vent.  In  the  spring  a 
prominent  anal  papilla  is  present.  The  head  is  longer  tlian  the  space  occupied  by 
the  gill-openings  and  is  contained  eight  and  one-third  times  in  the  total ;  the  <1opth, 
fourteen  times.  The  eyes  are  large.  The  mouth  is  moderately  small.  The  lips  are 
conspicuously  fringed  with  papilla".  The  teeth  change consideral)ly  with  age ;  young 
examples  have  no  meilian  cusp  on  the  maxillary  plate.  This  lamprey  is  l)luish- 
black  above,  the  lower  parts  silvery. 

The  brook  lamprey  or  mud  lamprey,  also  known  as  the  small  black 
lamprey,  is  found  in  the  Great  Lake  region,  the  Ohio  valley  and  the 
upper  Mississippi  valley.  It  occurs  also  in  Cayuga  lake,  New  York. 
According?  to  Jordan  it  ranges  west  to  Minnesota  and  south  to  Kentucky. 
It  fifrows  to  a  length  of  eight  inches.  Dr.  Jordan  considers  it  identical 
with  the  common  brook  lamprey  of  Europe,  A.  hranchiaUs.  The  brook 
lamprey  ascends  the  small  streams  in  the  spring  to  spawn  just  as  the 
silver  lamprey  does.  It  is  parasitic,  and  its  spawning  habits  are  similar 
to  those  of  the  sea  lamprey.  It  clings  to  stones  and  clogs  of  earth  while 
depositing  its  eggs,  and  is  believed  by  some  i)ersons  to  die  after  spawn- 
ing. The  i)robability  is  that  it  goes  into  deep  water,  where  it  remains 
until  the  spawning-  season  again  approaches. 


FISHES  OF  FENXSYLrAXIA. 


Gexus  PETROMYZON  ( Artedi)  Linn-eus. 
2.  Petromyzon  marinus  Linn-kus. 

The  Sea  Liainprey.  (Fit/ure  17) 
Body  cyiiiulrical,  eel-like,  stout,  somewhat  compressed  behiiul.  The  mouth  is 
terminal,  subcircular  in  shape  and  suctorial.  It  is  strongly  armed  with  large  conical 
teeth  or  cusps  mounted  on  papilhe,  those  of  the  inner  series  being  bicuspid.  Guarc- 
ing  the  throat  are  crescent-sliaped  plates,  bearing  pectinate  lingual  teeth  ;  a  pair  of 
these  plates  on  either  side  and  another  pair  below  them.  The  mandibulary  plate  has 
seven  cusps.  There  are  seven  branchial  apertures  on  each  side  of  the  head,  the  first 
not  far  behind  the  eve :  tlie  distance  of  the  last  opening  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  is 
contained  about  five  Umes  in  the  total  length.  Eye  rather  small,  covered  with  mem- 
brane. Tlie  first  dorsal  originates  in  about  the  middle  of  the  length ;  it  is  little 
developed  and  well  separated  from  the  second  dorsal,  which  is  confluent  with  tlio 
anal  The  anal  is  very  low  and  only  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  second  dorsal. 
The  vent  is  f»r  i^ack,  opposite  the  origin  of  the  second  dorsal.  The  specimen  exam- 
ined is  twenty-eight  inches  long,  and  is  No.  10654  in  the  United  States  National 
Museum  collection. 

The  sea  lamprey  or  lamprey  eel  inhabits  the  north  Atlantic,  ascenclingr 
streams  to  spawn  and  sometimes  becoming  landlocked.    In  some  interior 
waters  of  New  York  the  landlocked  form  has  received  the  mimeunicoloi' 
of  DeKay.     The  species  ranges  southward  on  our  coast  to  Virginia.     In 
the  Delaware,  Susquehanna  and  their  tributaries  this  is  a  common  fish. 
Its  larval  form,  which  is  blind  and  toothless,  is  extremely  abundant  in 
muddy  sand  flats  near  the  mouths  of  small  streams,  and  is  a  very  im- 
portant bait  for  hook  and  line  fishing.     The  sea  lamprey  grows  to  a 
length  of  three  feet.     It  is  dark  brown  in  color,  mottled  with  blackish 
and  whitish.     In  the  breeding  season  in  spring  the  males  have  a  high 
fleshy  ridge  in  front  of  the  dorsal.     The  spawning  is  believed  to  take 
place  in  May  or  June.     The  eels  cling  to  the  rocks  by  means  of  their 
suctorial  mouths,  and  the  eggs  are  deposited  in  shallow  water  on  a  rough 
bottom  where  the  current  is  swift.     Some  observers  state  that  tliey  make 
nests  by  heaping  up  stones  in  a  circle  and  deposit  the  eggs  under  the 
stones.     The  ovaries  are  large,  but  the  eggs  are  very  small.     The  food  of 
the  lamprey  is  chiefly  animal  matter,  and  the  fish  is  somewhat  of  a  para- 
site burrowing  into  the  side  of  shad,  sturgeon  and  some  other  species. 
The  teeth  are  adapted  for  this  method  of  feeding.     The  tooth-beanng 
bone  of  the  upper  side  of  the  mouth  contains  two  teeth  which  are  placed 
close  together.     On  the  bone  corresponding  with  the  lower  jaw  there 
are  seven  or  nine  stout  cusps.     There  are  numerous  teeth  around  the 
disk-  the  first  row  on  the  side  of  the  mouth  contains  bicuspid  tt^eth; 
the  others  are  simple.     The  tooth  on  the  front  of  the  tongue  has  a  deep 
median  crroove.    The  species  is  adapted  for  fastening  itself  to  other  fishes 
and  extracting  from  them  thrir  blood.     The  lamprey  is  considered  a 
good  food  fish  in  some  localities,  but  in  other  places  it  is  rarely  eaten. 
In  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  the  species  is  highly  esteemed.     It  is 
preserved  bv  salting  for  .i<'veral  weeks  before  using.     The  fish  are  some- 
times caugh"^t  with  the  hands  and  by  means  of  a  pole  armed  with  a  hook. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


in  the  end.     As  it  is  found  in  shallow  water  and  will  not  usually  relin- 
quish its  hold  on  the  bottom,  its  capture  is  easily  eflfected. 

3.  Petromyzon  concolor  Kirtland. 

The  Silver  Lamprey. 

The  silver  lamprey  belongs  to  the  sub-genus  Ichthyomyzon  of  Girard.  It  has  the 
tooth  on  the  front  of  the  tongue  divided  into  two  portions  by  a  median  groove  and  the 
dorsal  fin  continuous  but  deeply  notched.  The  maxillary  tooth  is  bicuspid  ;  the  teeth 
on  the  disk  are  in  about  four  series  and  all  small.  The  tooth-bearing  bone  of  the 
lower  part  of  the  mouth  has  seven  cusps.  The  head  (from  tip  of  disk  to  first  gill-open- 
ing) is  two-fifteenths  of  the  total  length  ;  with  the  gill-openmgs  its  length  is  contained 
four  and  three-fourths  times  in  the  total.  There  are  fifty-one  muscular  impressions 
from  gills  to  vent.  The  body  is  rather  stout,  comi)ressed  posteriorly.  The  head  is 
broad  and  the  buccal  disk  large  with  its  edges  not  conspicuously  fringed.  Color 
bluish-silvery,  sometimes  with  blackish  mottlings.  Above  each  gill-opening  there 
is  a  small  bluish  blotch. 

The  silver  lamprey  or  mud  eel  is  found  in  the  Great  Lake  region  and 
the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  twelve  inches 
and  is  usually  found  in  deep  water,  but  runs  up  the  small  streams  to 
spawn  in  the  spring.  It  is  a  troublesome  parasite  on  the  lake  sturgeon, 
the  paddle-fish,  yellow  perch  and  some  other  species.  It  becomes  fixed 
to  the  skin  by  means  of  its  suctorial  disk,  and  the  irritation  of  its  teeth 
sometimes  causes  deep  ulcers  at  the  point  of  attachment.  This  lamprey 
has  the  same  peculiarities  of  development  as  the  sea  lamprey  and  some- 
times remains  in  the  larval  condition,  blind  and  toothless,  until  it  has 
reached  a  length  of  eight  inches. 


Class  PISCES.     The  Fishes. 
Subclass  TELEOSTOMI.    The  True  Fishes. 

Order  SELACHOSTOMI.     The  Paddle  Fishes. 

Family  POLYODONTIDiE. 
Genus  POLYODON  (La(  kphde)  Blocu  and  Schneider. 
4.  Polyodon  spathula  Walbaum. 

The  I'atldlc  FIkH.     {Fu/tnr  is.) 

The  body  of  the  paddle-fish  is  fusiform  with  the  snout  much  produced,  npatula- 
Hke.  Body  acaleless,  covered  with  smooth  skin.  M«)utli  l>road,  tcrminul,  somewhat 
resrmbliriff  that  of  a  sliark.  Teeth  in  jaws  very  numerous  and  fine,  deciduous. 
Spira<les  with  a  minute  barbel.  The  operculum  is  rudimentary,  its  flap  of  skin  lonjf, 
roachinjf  almost  or  quite  to  tlie  ventral  fins,  rseudobranchijc  absent.  (Jill-arches 
five,  the  last  rudimentary  ;  ^ill-rakers  lon^and  in  a  liouble  series  on  each  arch,  (iill 
membranes  connected,  free  from  the  isthmus.  Nostrils  double,  situated  at  base  of 
blade.  A  continuous  lateral  line  from  upper  portion  of  head  alonjr  dorsal  outlin*'  to 
tail.     Eye  small,  directed  downwards  and  to  the  side.     Dorsal  and  anal  tins  far  back, 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


composed  of  soft  rays,  nearly  opposite.  Tail  heterocereal,  Avell  forked.  Upper  lobe 
of  caudal,  on  vertebral  column,  armed  with  rhombic  plates.  The  pectoral  fins  are 
of  moderate  size  and  placed  low  ;  ventrals  many  rayed,  abdominal. 

The  distance  from  eye  to  end  of  snout  is  about  one-third  of  tlie  total  length,  includ- 
ing caudal.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  four  and  one-half  times  in  distance 
from  eye  to  base  of  caudal.  The  height  of  the  dorsal  tin  about  equals  the  depth  of 
the  body. 

This  is  known  as  the  paddle-fisli,  spoon-bill  or  spoon-billed  sturgeon, 
shovel-fish,  bill-fish  and  duck-billed  cat ;  it  is  called  "  salmon  "  in  some 
western  hotels. 

The  names  are  derived  from  the  remarkable  snout,  which  is  produced 
into  a  long  spatula-shaped  process,  covered  above  and  below  with  an  in- 
tricate network  and  has  very  thin  flexible  edges-  The  head  and  snout 
form  nearly  half  of  the  entire  length  of  the  fish.  The  fish  cannot  be 
confounded  with  anything  else  in  the  waters  of  the  United  States.  There 
is  in  China  a  similar  one,  which,  however,  belongs  to  a  different  genus. 

Bisfrihut ion.— The  single  species  of  American  paddle-fish  is  confined 
to  the  Mississippi  valley.  It  inhabits  only  the  larger  streams  in  Penn- 
sylvania.   It  is  common  in  the  Allegheny  and  the  Monongahela  rivers. 

Size.— The  paddle-fish  grows  to  a  length  of  six  feet,  and  a  weight  of 
thirty  pounds  or  more. 

Habits.— The  species  frequents  muddy  bottoms,  but  does  not  feed  upon 
the  mud  and  slime  as  many  persons  have  supposed.  The  long  snout  is 
useful  in  procuring  its  food,  which  consists  chiefly  of  entomostraca, 
water  worms,  aquatic  plants,  leeches,  beetles  and  insect  larvje. 

Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes,  director  of  the  Illinois  Laboratory  of  Natural  His- 
tory, has  published  the  first  and  most  satisfactory  account  of  the  feed- 
ing habits  of  tliis  shark-like  fish.  He  found  very  little  mud  mixed  with 
the  food.  Prof.  Forbes  was  informed  by  the  fishermen  that  the  paddle- 
fish  plows  up  the  mud  in  feeding  with  its  spatula-like  snout  and  then 
swims  slowly  backward  through  the  water. 

"  The  remarkably  developed  gill-rakers  of  this  species  are  very  nu- 
merous and  fine,  in  a  double  row  on  each  gill  arch,  and  they  are  twice 
as  long  as  the  filaments  of  the  gill.  By  their  interlacing  they  form  a 
strainer  scarcely  less  eff'ective  than  the  fringes  of  the  baleen  plates  of 
the  whale,  and  probably  allow  the  passage  of  the  fine  silt  of  the  river  bed 
when  this  is  thrown  into  the  water  by  the  sliovel  of  the  fish  but  arrest 
everything  as  large  as  a  Cydofts." 

I  have  not  found  anything  recorded  as  to  the  spawning  habits  of  the 
paddle-fish.  The  young  have  the  jaws  and  palate  filled  with  minute  teeth, 
which  disappear  with  age. 

Mode  of  capfurc— The  fish  are  generally  caught  by  seining. 

Edible  qualities.— The  flesh  of  the  paddle-fish  is  generally  considered 
tough  and  shark-like,  but  individuals  of  eight  or  ten  pounds  are  skinned 
uud  sold  ill  some  of  the  western  markets  very  freely,  and  by  some  per- 
.sous  are  thought  to  be  very  fair  for  the  table. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ORDER  GLANIOSTOMI  (THE  STlRCiEOXS). 
Family  ACIPENSERID.£. 
Genus  SCAPHIRHYNCHUS  Meckel. 

The  genus  ScapMrhynchus  is  distinguished  from  the  genus  of  the 
common  sturgeons,  Acipenser,  by  the  absence  of  spiracles  and  by  the 
complete  armature  of  the  tail  with  bony  plates.  Tail  much  depressed, 
wider  than  deep.  Snout  depressed,  acutely  triangular  in  shape  and  in 
the  form  of  a  spade.  In  the  young  the  tail  ends  in  a  long  filament.  Gill 
rakers  fan-shaped.     Pseudobranchia)  not  developed. 

Body  elongate  with  tapering  snout  and  tail.  It  has  rows  of  bony 
plates  along  the  top  of  the  back,  the  median  line  and  near  the  abdomi- 
nal outline.  Under  the  dorsal  these  shields  are  confluent  and  are  con- 
tinued over  the  top  of  the  tail,  forming  a  complete  bony  covering. 

6.  Scaphirhynchus  platyrhynchus  Rafinesque. 

The  Shovel-nosed  Stupgeou. 

The  body  of  the  shovel-nosed  sturgeon  is  elongate,  the  tail  slender  and  depressed, 
the  head  broad,  snout  long  and  flat  or  shovel-shaped.  The  tail  ends  in  a  filament, 
which  in  the  young  is  rather  long,  often  wanting  in  the  adult.  The  head  is  con- 
tained about  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  lengtli  to  the  end  of  the  vertebrae. 
There  is  a  small  spine  in  front  of  the  eye,  another  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  shovel, 
and  in  the  young  there  are  several  spines  on  the  snout.  A  pair  of  i)arbels  on  the  under 
surface  of  the  snout,  situated  nearer  the  eyes  than  the  tip  of  the  snout,  their  distance 
from  the  eye  l)eing  two-ninths  length  of  the  head,  while  their  distance  from  the  snout 
is  more  than  one-third  of  the  same  length.  The  barbels  have  rather  numerous 
minute  filaments  along  their  edges.  The  length  of  the  barbels  is  rather  more  than 
one-fourth  tliatof  the  head.  The  eye  is  very  small,  less  than  one-seventh  the  posterior 
portion  of  head.  The  posterior  nostril  is  slightly  oblique  in  position,  longer  than  the 
eye;  anterior  nostril  about  as  long  as  tlie  eye.  Tlie  height  of  the  body  is  contained 
seven  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  without  caudal,  and  is  nearly  half  length  of  head. 
The  length  of  the  snout  is  contained  six  and  one-half  times  in  total  without  caudal. 
The  postorbital  part  of  the  head  is  about  two-tifths  length  of  head.  The  pectoral  has 
a  very  broad  base,  and  its  length  eijuals  height  of  body.  The  distance  from  the  pec- 
toral origin  to  the  ventral  origin  about  eciuals  length  of  head.  The  ventral  isa  little 
more  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  snout.  The  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  small  and 
not  so  far  back  as  in  tlie  lake  sturgeon.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  twenty-sixth 
scute  of  tljo  median  series.  The  length  of  its  base  is  half  length  of  snout,  about 
eciual  to  its  longest  ray,  whicli  is  more  than  twice  the  length  of  its  last  ray.  The 
anal  is  under  the  posterior  part  of  the  dorsal  ;  its  longest  ray  nearly  one-tiiinl  lengtli 
of  head,  and  twice  the  length  of  anal  base.  The  least  height  of  caudal  peduncle  is 
scarcely  more  than  one-seventh  the  greatest  height  of  l>ody.  The  lower  lobe  of  the 
caudal  Viii  is  less  than  one-third  as  long  as  the  upi>er,  which  is  longer  than  the  head. 
The  gill  rakers  end  in  several  points.  Dorsal  shields  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  ;  me- 
dian shields,  forty-one  to  forty-six,  and  ventral  shields  from  eleven  t<>  thirteen.  The 
rays  of  all  the  tins  are  slender  and  numerous.  Color  very  pale  yellowish,  some- 
times whitish. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  shovel-nosed  or  white  sturgeon  is  found  in  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi valleys,  extending-  to  the  upper  Missouri  and  to  the  Kio  Grande. 
In  the  large  tributaries  of  the  Ohio,  in  western  Pennsylvania,  the  spe- 
cies is  very  common.  Its  maximum  length  is  eight  feet,  but  it  is  not  an 
important  food  fish,  being  but  little  esteemed.  Nothing  is  recorded  of 
its  habits  except  that  it  runs  up  in  the  small  streams  in  May  for  the 
purpose  of  spawning. 

Genus  ACIPENSER  (Artedi)  Linn.eu8. 
6.  Acipenser  sturio  Linnaeus. 

The  Common  Sturj^con.      (  Fif/un'  J9.) 

The  common  or  sharp-nosed  sturgeon  lias  a  stout,  roundish  and  elongate  body,  its 
height  equalling  one-half  the  length  ol  the  head  an<.l  one-sixth  of  the  total  without 
the  caudal.  The  least  depth  of  the  tail  equals  one-third  of  the  greatest  body  depth. 
The  head  is  long,  one-third  of  total  without  the  caudal,  and  the  snout  is  as  long  as 
the  rest  of  the  head  in  the  young.  The  eye  ia  one-sixth  as  long  as  the  snout  Two 
pairs  of  short,  slender  barbels  midway  between  the  mouth  and  tip  of  snout  The 
front  of  the  mouth  is  nearly  under  the  posterior  edge  of  the  pupil.  The  nostrils 
are  double,  the  posterior  pair  more  than  twice  as  large  as  tlie  anterior.  The  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  are  placed  far  l)ack  and  opposite  to  each  other.  The  distance  of  the 
ventral  origin  from  the  end  of  the  lower  caudal  lobe  e<iuals  the  length  of  the  head. 
The  upper  caudal  lobe  is  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  lower.  D.  38  to  40;  A.  23  to  26; 
V.  24  ;  lateral  plates  27  to  29 ;  dorsal  shields  10  to  14  ;  ventral  sliields  1 1  and  12. 

The  color  of  the  upper  parts  is  dark  olive-gray,  sometimes  brownish  ;  the  lower 
parts  are  light  gray  or  whitish.     The  pupils  are  black  ;  the  iris  golden. 

The  common  sturgeon  of  the  eastern  United  States  is  also  known  as 
the  sharp-nosed  sturgeon.  It  has  been  considered  identical  with  the 
European  sturgeon,  Acipenser  sturio,  and  if  this  theory  is  correct  the 
range  of  the  species  would  include  the  Atlantic  ocean  southward  to 
Africa  and  the  West  Indies.  The  northern  limit  on  our  east  coast  ap- 
pears to  be  Cape  Cod.  The  fish  has  come  up  rarely  in  the  Delaware 
as  far  as  Port  Jervis.  Dr.  Mitchill  was  the  first  to  call  attention  to  the 
similarity  of  the  American  sharp-nosed  sturgeon  to  the  sturio  of  Europe. 

This  fish  attains  to  a  length  of  twelve  feet  in  American  waters  and  it 
is  stated  that  European  individuals  measuring  eighteen  feet  have  been 
taken. 

The  sturgeon  ascends  the  large  rivers  from  the  sea  in  spring  and  early 
summer.  It  is  very  common  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  Delawiire  river, 
where  it  forms  the  object  of  an  important  fishery.  This  is  the  species 
concerning  which  so  many  stories  have  been  related  as  to  its  leaping 
into  boats  and  injuring  the  occupants. 

The  mouth  of  the  sturgeon  is  furnished  with  a  very  protractile  round- 
ish tube  having  powerful  muscles  and  intended  for  withdrawing  from 
the  mud  the  various  small  shell  fish  and  crustaceans  upon  which  the  ani- 
mal subsists.  The  mouth  is  surrounded  also  with  numerous  tentacles, 
with  tactile  properties,  which  are  utilized  in  procuring  food. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVAJSilA. 


The  reproductive  habits  of  the  sturgeon  and  the  embryology  of  the 
species  have  been  made  the  subject  of  an  exhaustive  study  by  Prof.  John 
A.  Ryder,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  whose  monograph  forms  a 
part  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  for  1888,  re- 
cently published.  ' 

The  eggs  were  fertilized  and  developed  artificially  by  Seth  Green 
and  others  many  years  ago,  and  in  some  parts  of  Europe  the  hatching 
t)f  the  species  has  been  carried  on  successfully.  The  United  States  Fish 
Commission  has  also  recently  taken  up  the  culture  both  of  the  marine 
and  the  lake  sturgeon  and  these  valuable  fish  will  soon  be  reared  on  an 
extensive  scale. 

The  utilization  of  the  flesh,  the  skin  and  air  bladder  and  the  eggs  of 
the  sturgeon  is  so  well  known  as  to  require  little  more  than  passing  men- 
tion in  this  place.  The  smoking  of  the  flesh  and  the  manufacture  of 
caviare  from  the  eggs  are  very  important  industries  along  our  eastern 
coast. 

The  sturgeons  are  easily  taken  in  gill  nets  and  pounds,  but  the  great 
strength  of  the  fish  frequently  entails  considerable  loss  of  apparatus. 


"1 


7.  Acipenser  brevirostrum  Le  Sceur. 


The  8hort-no80<l  Sturgeon. 

In  the  short-nosed  sturgeon  the  snout  is  very  blunt  and  only  about  one-fourth  to 
one-third  as  long  as  tlie  head.  The  lour  short  barbels  are  a  little  nearer  to  the  end  of  the 
snout  than  to  the  moutli,  and  do  not  reach  to  the  mouth.  The  head  is  one-fifth  to  two- 
ninths  as  long  as  the  total  to  the  fork  of  the  tail ;  the  distance  l»etween  the  eyes  slightly 
greater  tlian  length  of  snout  and  somewliat  more  than  one-third  length  of  head.  The 
average  number  of  bucklers  in  the  dorsal  series  is  10  to  11;  in  the  lateral  series,  25;  in 
the  ventral  row,  7  to  S.  No  preanal scutes.  The  unarmored  portion  of  the  skin,  accoril- 
ing  to  recent  observations  of  Prof.  .John  A.  Ryder,  is  almost  free  from  prickles  and 
ossifications.  D.  33;  A.  19  to  22;  V.  17  to  21 ;  P.  30  to  31;  C.  60,  its  lower  lobe  two- 
fifths  as  long  as  the  upper,  measuring  from  tlie  fork.  The  color  of  the  skin  of  the 
upper  parts  is  reddish  brown  ;  lower  parts  nearly  white.  Peritoneum  dark  brown  . 
viscera  almost  1)lack. 

This  little-known  sturgeon  has  not  been  positively  recognized  any- 
where except  in  the  Delaware  and  only  a  few  specimens  have  been  ob 
tained  in  that  river.  Prof,  Ryder  collected  five  examples  at  Delaware 
City  in  the  spring  of  1888  and  has  published  a  description  and  figures 
of  the  species  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  for 
that  year. 

Size. — The  largest  specimen  known  was  thirty-three  inches  long;  in- 
dividuals twenty  inches  long  are  capable  of  reproducing  the  species. 

Uses. — At  the  present  time  the  short-nosed  sturgeon  probably  never 
comes  into  the  markets  owing  to  its  small  size,  which  prevents  its  cap- 
ture in  the  nets  used  for  taking  the  common  sturgeon.  About  1817,  how- 
ever, it  was  brought  in  the  shad  season  to  Philadelphia  and  sold  for 
twenty-five  to  seventy-five  cents  each. 


8 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Reproduction. — Spawning-  takes  place  in  the  Delaware  during-  May. 
The  eg-gs  are  deposited  in  depths  of  one  to  five  fathoms  on  hard  bottom 
in  brackish  or  nearly  fresh  water.  Prof.  Ryder  states  that  the  egrgs  are 
extruded  by  rubbing  the  belly  either  ag-ainst  hard  places  on  the  river  bed 
or  against  the  rough  bodies  of  the  males,  two  or  more  of  which  accom- 
pany each  female.  The  gravid  roe  fish  are  larg-er  than  the  males. 
Prof.  Ryder  found  the  ova  more  or  less  adhesive  immediately  after  their 
removal  from  the  abdomen,  but  the  sticky  mucus  covering  is  soluble  in 
water.     The  period  of  hatching  varies  from  four  to  six  days. 

Food. — Up  to  the  third  month  of  its  life  the  young  sturg-eon  has  min- 
ute conical  teeth  in  its  jaws  and  at  this  ag-e  it  is  believed  to  subsist  upon 
"rhizopods,  unicellular  alg-se,  infusoria,  minute  larvae  of  insects  and 
worms,  crustaceans,  etc."  Still  following-  the  observations  of  Prof.  Ryder,  • 
we  learn  that  the  sturgeon,  when  it  has  reached  a  length  of  one  inch  to 
one  and  a  half  inches,  has  minute  teeth  on  the  floor  of  the  pharynx  and 
feeds  upon  small  water  fleas,  and  probably  alg-a?,  worms,  embryo  fishes, 
insects  and  fresh  water  copepods.  Later  in  life  the  fish  seeks  larger 
crustaceans  and  the  adults  occasionally  contain  fragments  of  mussel 
shells.  The  young  fish  have  been  caught  under  the  ice  in  midwinter 
and  are  known  to  pass  most  of  the  year  in  fresh  water. 

8.  Acipenser  ruble  undue  Le  Sueur. 

The  Lake  Stur^^eon.       {Fiftnre  2o.) 

The  body  of  the  lake  sturgeon  is  rather  slenderer  than  that  of  tlieoommon  stur- 
geon. The  snout  is  somewhat  blunt ;  in  the  young  long  and  slender.  The  shields  of 
the  body  are  large,  about  fourteen  on  the  back,  thirty  or  more  on  the  side,  and  eight  or 
nine  along  the  abdomen,  l»etween  pectoral  and  ventral  tins.  Each  shield  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  strong  hooked  spine.  The  head  is  contained  three  and  one-third 
times  in  the  length  without  tail.  Barbels  four,  rather  long.  Eye  small.  Dorsal 
and  anal  tins  small,  placed  far  back  as  in  the  pike.     D.  35  ;  A.  26. 

This  is  known  as  the  lake  sturg-eon,  Ohio  river  sturg-eon,  rock  stur- 
geon, bony  sturgeon,  red  sturgeon  and  ruddy  sturgeon.  It  inhabits  the 
Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers  and  the  Great  Lakes,  and  is  abundant  in  the 
Allegheny.  From  the  lakes  it  ascends  the  streams  in  spring  for  the 
purpose  of  spawning.  Dr.  Richardson  states  the  northern  limit  of  the 
sturgeon  in  North  America  to  be  about  the  fifty- fifth  parallel  of  latitude. 

Size. — The  lake  sturgeon  is  smaller  than  the  common  marine  stur- 
geon, the  average  adult  being  less  than  five  feet  in  length.  The  average 
weight  of  14,000  mature  sturgeon  taken  at  Sandusky,  Ohio,  was  about 
fifty  pounds.     It  frequently  reaches  a  length  of  six  feet. 

In  the  lakes  the  species,  according  to  observations  of  James  W.  Mil- 
uer,  inhabits  comparatively  shoal  waters. 

The  food  of  this  sturgeon  is  made  up  chiefly  of  shell-fish,  including 
the  genera  lAmntva,  Melanfho,  Physa,  Planorhis  and  Valvaia.  Eggs  of 
fishes  arc  also  to  be  found  in  their  stomachs. 


In  lake  Erie  the  species  spawns  in  June,  for  which  purpose  it  ascends 
the  rivers  in  large  schools  until  stopped  by  obstructions  or  insufficient 
depth  of  water.  The  breaching  of  the  sturgeon  is  a  well-known  habit.  In- 
stances are  recorded  of  serious  injury  to  pei*sons  by  sturgeons  throwing 
themselves  into  boats.  The  sturgeon  will  occasionally  take  a  baited 
hook,  but  its  great  strength  and  unwieldiness  make  it  an  undesirable 
fish  for  the  angler. 

Large  numbers  of  sturgeon  have  been  destroyed  by  fishermen  during 
the  whitefish  season  simply  on  account  of  the  annoyance  caused  by 
their  presence  in  the  nets.  Now  that  the  flesh  is  becoming  popular  for 
smoking,  and  the  demand  for  caviare  made  from  the  eggs  has  largely 
increased,  the  wanton  waste  of  this  fish  has  been  checked.  A  trouble- 
some parasite  of  the  sturgeon  is  the  lamper  eel  {Petromyzon  concclor 
Kirt.),  which  attaches  itself  to  the  skin,  presumably  for  the  purpose  of 
feeding  upon  the  mucus  which  is  exuded  from  the  pores  in  great  abun- 
dance, and  remains  fixed  in  one  position  so  long  as  to  penetrate  to  the 
flesh  and  produce  a  deep  ulcerous  sore. 

The  lake  sturgeon  was  formerly  not  very  popular,  but  is  rapidly 
growing  into  favor.  The  flesh  is  eaten  in  the  fresh  condition,  or  after 
boiling  in  vinegar  or  curing  by  smoking.  Smoked  sturgeon  is  now  con- 
sidered almost,  if  not  quite,  equal  to  smoked  halibut,  and  the  demand 
for  it  is  increasing.  From  the  eggs  of  the  sturgeon  a  very  good  grade 
of  caviare  is  produced.  "The  caviare  is  made  by  pressing  the  ova 
through  sieves,  leaving  the  membranes  of  the  ovaries  remaining  in  the 
sieve,  and  the  eggs  fall  through  into  a  tub.  This  is  continued  until  the 
eggs  are  entirely  free  from  particles  of  membrane,  when  they  are  put 
into  salt  pickle,  and  allowed  to  remain  for  some  time." 


ORDER  GINGLYMODl.     (THE  BONY  GARS.) 

Family  LEPIS0STEID.£.     (The  Gar  Fishes.) 
Genus  LEPISOSTEUS  La<  kpkde. 


'i\ 


9.  Lepisosteus  osseus  Linn^us. 

The  Oar  Pike. 

The  gar  pike  has  an  elongate,  subcylindrical  body.  Its  depth  is  contained  about 
twelve  times  in  the  lengtli ;  the  jaws  are  greatly  produced,  the  upper  being  the 
longer.  The  length  of  the  head  is  one-third  of  the  total  length,  without  tail.  Teeth 
in  jaws  rather  line,  sharp  and  stitf.  A  single  inner  row  of  largo  teeth,  and  an  outer 
row  of  small  teeth  on  each  side.  The  snout  is  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  rest  of 
the  head,  its  lea.st  width  being  from  one-ftfteenth  to  one-twentieth  of  its  length.  D. 
7  to  8;  A.  9;  V.  6;  P.  10.  Scales,  62  to  65.  In  the  young  the  tail  is  produced  into  a 
filament. 


10 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Tho  general  color  is  greenish,  tlie  sides  silvery,  and  the  belly  whitish.  Numerous 
round  dark  spots  on  the  sides,  most  distinct  posteriorly  and  most  conspicuous  in  the 
young,  becoming  obscure  with  age.  Very  young  individuals  have  a  black  lateral 
band.    The  fins  are  generally  plain,  with  the  exception  of  numerous  dark  spots. 

The  specimen  described,  No.  36,098,  United  States  Nat  Mus.,  from  Stone's  R., 
Tenn.,  is  twenty -four  inches  long. 

This  is  the  common,  long-nosed  prar  pike  of  the  Great  Lakes,  the  Mis- 
sissippi valley  and  the  eastern  states  from  Pennsylvania  to  South  Car- 
olina. It  rang-es  south  to  Mexico  and  west  to  the  plains.  Additional 
names  for  the  species  are  bill-fish,  sword-fish,  bony  ^ar,  bony  pike,  alligator, 
alligator  gar  and  buffalo-fish.  Professor  Cope  recognizes  two  varieties 
of  this  gar  in  Pennsylvania.  One  of  these  abounds  in  the  Susquehanna 
and  the  lower  Delaware.  He  distinguishes  it  by  its  robust  form,  short 
face  and  gill  covers,  and  the  roughened  scales  of  the  front  part  of  the 
body.  The  other  variety  occurs  in  lakes  and  in  the  Allegheny  river,  and 
is  to  be  known  by  its  slenderer  face  and  gill  covers,  its  smaller  size, 
generally  smooth  scales,  and  the  absence  of  dark  spots  on  the  body  and 
fins.  It  should  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  species  is  extremely 
variable  in  these  particulars,  and  all  of  the  names  based  upon  such  char- 
acters have  been  generally  discarded. 

The  gar  pike  attains  to  a  length  of  five  or  six  feet,  of  which  the  head 
and  snout  usually  form  about  one-third. 

This  species  is  more  abundant  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  large  streams 
than  in  the  small  rivers.  It  is  emphatically  a  fish  of  prey  and  extremely 
tenacious  of  life.  It  spawns  in  shoal  water,  or  in  the  streams,  in  the 
late  spring  and  early  summer  months. 

The  gar  pike  is  said  to  be  nowhere  used  for  food,  because  its  flesh  is 
tough,  and  iy  believed  to  be  unwholesome.  I  have  seen  it,  however, 
with  the  bill  cut  off  and  the  skin  removed,  offered  for  sale  h\  the  market 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 

10.  Lepisosteus  platystomus  Rafinesqub. 

The  Short-nosed  Gar  Piko. 

The  short-nosed  gar  pike  has  an  elongated  body,  its  depth  being  contained  seven 
and  one-lialf  times  in  the  lengtli ;  the  length  of  tho  head  is  less  than  one-third  length 
of  body  to  tail.  Distance  from  eye  to  tip  of  snout  greater  tlian  from  eye  to  jmsterior 
edge  of  opercle.  Upper  jaw  slightly  longer  than  the  lower ;  both  jaws  with  many 
long  sharp  teeth.    Dorsal  and  anal  fins  placed  far  back,  near  the  tail ;  ventrals  in 

middle  of  length.  ,,,.,, 

T).  8 ;  A.  \) ;  about  fifty-live  rows  of  scales  between  head  and  caudal,  t  ms  all  more 
or  less  black  spotted.  The  specimen  described,  No.  3241,  United  States  National 
Museum,  from  Cleveland,  Ohio,  is  twelve  inches  long. 

The  short-nosed  gar,  because  of  its  shorter  snout,  which  even  in  young 
specimens  does  not  much  exceed  the  rest  of  the  head  in  length,  has  been 
considered  as  representing  a  separate  subgenus,  Cijlindrosiens  of  Rafin- 
esque. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


11 


This  fish  seldom  exceeds  three  feet  in  length.  Its  habits  are  presum- 
ably the  same  as  those  of  the  long-nosed  gar  and  it  is  equally  worthless 
for  food.  It  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  the  long-nosed  species 
by  the  shape  of  its  snout,  and  by  its  more  robust  form. 

The  short  nosed  gar  inhabits  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Ohio  and  Mis- 
sissippi valleys.  It  is  more  abundant  in  the  southern  portion  of  its 
habitat. 


II 


ORDER  HALECOMORPHI  (THE  BOW-FIXS). 

Family  AMIIDiE. 
Genus  AMIA  Lixs.eus. 
11.  Amia  calva  Linn.£us. 

The  Mad  Fish. 

The  mud-fish  has  a  well-rounded,  robust  body.  Head  more  or  less  conical,  its  top 
covered  with  hanl  bony  plates.  Body  entirely  covered  with  cycloid  scales.  The 
mouth  is  large ;  maxilla  extending  far  past  eye.  Depth  of  body  equals  three-fourths 
length  of  head  and  is  contained  slightly  more  than  five  times  in  length  of  body.  Dis- 
tance from  tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  dorsal  equals  one-third  of  the  total  length  in- 
cluding tail.  Length  of  liorsal  base  equal  to  twice  length  of  iiead.  Anal  base  very 
short,  nearly  one-third  of  head. 

Strong  conical  teeth  in  the  jaws ;  in  the  lower  jaw  there  is  a  band  of  finer  teeth  be- 
hind the  outer  row  of  large  ones.  The  vomer,  palatine  and  i>terygoid  bones  are 
finely  toothed.  A  small  Ijarbel  at  anterior  nostril.  I^ateral  line  continous,  through 
sixty-two  scale;*.  There  are  seven  rows  of  scales  between  dorsal  and  lateral  line  and 
eleven  or  twelve  from  lateral  line  to  ventral.     D.  50;  A.  10  or  11. 

The  color  in  life  is  dark  olive,  the  sides  with  greenish  reticulations,  the  belly 
whitish.  Round  dark  spots  on  the  lower  jaw  antlgular  plate.  The  male  has  a  round- 
ish black  spot  with  an  orange  border  at  the  base  of  the  caudal  fin. 

The  bow-fin  has  various  common  names,  among  them  mud-fish,  dog- 
fish, lawyer,  grindle  and  John-a-grindle.  It*  range  is  as  extensive  as  its 
character  is  generally  worthless.  It  is  found  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  trib- 
utary streams,  in  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys  southward  to  Texas, 
and  in  eastern  waters  from  Pennsylvania  to  Florida. 

The  female  bow-fin  is  larger  than  the  male,  reaching  a  length  of  two 
feet  while  the  male  seldom  exceeds  eighteen  inches.  The  male  is  still 
further  distinguished  by  the  presence  of  large  black,  margined  with 
orange  or  yellow,  sjjot  or  spots  at  the  base  of  the  tail  fin.  The  greatest 
recorded  weight  of  this  fish  is  twelve  pounds. 

Habits. — This  is  one  of  the  most  voracious  of  all  fishes.  It  feeds  upon 
all  other  fish  of  suitable  size  and,  also,  destroys  other  animals  within 
reach.  The  capture  of  the  Ijow-fin  by  means  of  the  trolling  spoon  has 
recently  come  into  greatly  increased  favor  with  anglers  because  of  the 
game  qualities  of  the  fish  and  its  wonderful  tenacity  of  life.  The  species 
has  been  known  to  live  out  of  the  water,  exposed  to  the  sunlight,  for 


1 


12 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


twelve  hours  or  more.  The  young:  may  be  kept  in  an  aquarium  or  other 
receptacle  without  chang-e  of  water  for  months.  The  spawning  season 
of  the  bow-fin  is  in  May  and  June  and  stagnant  sloughs  are  favorite  lo- 
calities for  this  purpose.  The  eggs  and  young  are  protected  by  the 
parents  and  the  young  remain  in  the  pools  after  the  falling  waters  cause 
the  departure  of  the  adults.  Dr.  Estes,  who  has  made  the  best  obser- 
vations upon  the  reproduction  of  this  species,  states  that  the  little  ones 
are  protected  in  the  mouth  of  the  parent  when  suddenly  alarmed.  The 
jumping  of  the  bow-fin  is  one  of  its  most  characteristic  habits.  Dr.  Estes 
saw  them  turn  complete  somersaults  while  in  the  air. 

The  bow-tin  is  not  a  food  fish,  its  fiesh  being  soft  and  unsavory,  yet 
Dr.  Goode  found  them  to  be  highly  esteemed  as  a  sweet  morsel  by  the 
negroes  of  the  south.  The  young  are  in  great  demand  as  bait  for  pike 
and  pickerel  and  both  these  and  the  adults  are  interesting  for  the  aqua- 
rium because  of  their  colors,  the  ease  with  which  they  endure  captivity, 
the  peculiarities  of  their  anatomical  structure  and  their  affinities  with 
extinct  Ganoids. 

ORDER  MEMATOGNATHI. 

Family  SILURID^.     (The  Cat-fishes.) 
Genus   ICTALURUS  Rafinesque. 
12.  Ictalurus  punctatus  Rafinesqde. 

The  Spotted  Cat-fish.    {Fifiure  21.) 

The  body  of  the  spotted  cat-fish  is  rather  long  and  slender,  its  depth  being 
contained  five  times  in  the  length  without  caudal  and  equal  to  the  length  of  the  dor- 
sal spine.  The  head  is  moderate,  convex  above,  its  length  being  slightly  less  than 
one-fourth  total  length.  The  maxillary  barbels  are  very  long,  longer  than  head. 
Eye  moderate,  tive  and  one-half  in  head.  Pectoral  spine  two-thirds  length  of  head  , 
humeral  process  broad,  one-half  length  of  pectoral  spine.  Adii>ose  flu  well  developed. 
Caudal  deeply  forked.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  one-half 
depth  of  body  at  last  dorsal  ray.     D.  I,  6  ;  A.  24  ;  V.  I,  8. 

S|>ecimen  described,  No.  27,846,  United  States  National  Museum,  from  Pekin,  Illi- 
nois. 

This  species  is  variously  styled  the  channel  cat,  white  cat,  silver  cat, 
blue  cat  and  spotted  cat.  It  is  found  over  a  vast  extent  of  country, 
comprising  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys  and  the  Great  Lake  region. 
In  the  eastern  states  it  is  absent  from  streams  tributary  to  the  Atlantic, 
but  occurs  from  Vermont  southward  to  Georgia,  westward  to  Montana 
and  southwestward  to  Mexico.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to  the 
Ohio  and  its  affluents.  The  adults  of  this  species  are  bluish  silvery  and 
the  young  are  spotted  with  olive.  It  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the 
family  of  cat-fishes,  and  an  excellent  food  fish.  Its  introduction  into 
waters  in  which  it  is  not  native  has  begun  and  the  multiplication  of  the 
species  is  greatly  to  be  desired.     The  spotted  cat  grows  to  a  length  of 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


13 


three  feet  and  a  weight  of  twenty-five  pounds.  It  is  extremely  variable 
in  color  and  in  number  of  fin  rays,  and  has  consequently  been  described 
under  more  than  twenty  diflferent  names.  It  is  most  abundant  in  large 
clear  streams.  This  species  is  less  hardy  than  most  of  the  other  cat- 
fishes. 

Genus  AMIXJB.US  Rafinesque. 
13.  Amiurus  nii^icans  Le  Sueur. 

The  Great  Catfish.      (J^if/nre  Si.) 

The  great  cattish  has  a  stout  body,  a  broad  and  much  depressed  head  and  a  wide 
mouth.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  five  times  in  total  length,  without  cau- 
dal ;  the  head  equals  more  than  one-fourth  of  this  length.  Maxillary  barbel  as  long 
as  anal  base,  almost  as  long  as  the  head.  Eye  rather  small.  Dorsal  base  short,  one- 
half  height  of  fin.  Adipose  fin  well  developed.  Caudal  not  deeply  forked.  Pec- 
toral spine  as  long  as  dorsal  spine,  one-half  length  of  head.  Least  depth  of  caudal 
peduncle  less  than  one-half  greatest  depth  of  body.  D.  I,  5  (sometimes  6) ;  A.  25 ; 
V.  I,  8. 

The  specimen  described,  twenty  inches  long,  is  No.  36,142,  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum,  from  Tennessee  river,  Alabama. 

This  is  the  great  fork-tailed  cat,  Mississippi  cat,  Florida  cat,  fiannel- 
mouth  cat  and  great  blue  cat  of  various  writers.  It  is  also  called  mud 
cat  in  the  St.  John's  river,  Florida.  The  species  is  very  variable,  as  we 
would  expect  from  its  wide  distribution.  In  1879  Prof.  Spencer  F. 
Baird  received,  from  Dr.  Steedman,  of  St.  Louis,  a  Mississippi  river  cat- 
fish weighing  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  and  measuring  five  feet  in 
length.  The  writer  described  this  fish  as  a  new  species  related  to  the 
great  black  catfish  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  Amiurus  nigricans.  At 
the  present  time  it  is  somewhat  doubtful  whether  or  not  this  is  merely 
an  overgrown  individual  of  the  species  under  consideration,  and  the 
matter  must  remain  in  doubt  until  smaller  examples  of  Amiurus  pon- 
derosus  have  been  obtained. 

The  great  fork-tailed  cat  is  a  native  of  the  great  lakes  and  the  Ohio 
and  Mississippi  valleys,  and  in  the  southern  states  its  range  extends 
southward  to  Florida :  northward  it  ranges  to  Ontario. 

This  catfish  reaches  a  weight  of  one  hundred  pounds  or  upward, 
and  if  it  includes  the  giant  form  above  referred  to,  we  may  place  the 
maximum  weight  at  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds.  Dr.  Steedman 
was  informed  by  an  old  fisherman  that  the  heaviest  one  he  had  ever  seen 
weighed  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  pounds,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  such 
large  individuals  are  to  be  taken  at  the  present  time.  In  Lake  Erie  this 
species  usually  weighs  from  five  to  fifteen  pounds,  and  the  largest  spe- 
cimens reach  forty  ])ounds. 

Tlie  habits  of  this  fish  are  presumably  about  the  same  as  in  other  spec- 
ies of  the  family.  On  account  of  the  great  size  of  the  fish  it  naturally 
prefers  lakes  and  large  rivers.  It  is  a  bottom  feeder  and  will  take  most 
any  kind  of  bait.     This  species  is  wonderfully  tenacious  of  life.    It 


'. 


14 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


spawns  in  the  spring  and  protects  its  young",  which  follow  the  parent 
fish  in  great  schools.  Dr.  Theodore  Gill  has  reviewed  the  subject  of  the 
catfishes'  care  of  their  young  in  Forest  and  Stream  of  Nov.  27,  1890. 

This  is  a  valued  food  species,  although  not  a  choice  fish.  In  Lake 
Erie,  according  to  the  Review  of  the  Fisheries  of  the  Great  Lakes  recently 
published  by  the  United  States  Fish  Commission,  the  catfish  rank  next 
to  whitefish  in  number  of  pounds  taken. 

In  Lake  Erie  catfish  are  taken  chiefly  by  means  of  set-lines  and  the 
fishing  is  best  during  the  months  of  June,  July  and  August.  The  method 
of  fishing  is  thus  described  in  the  review  just  referred  to:  "The  appara- 
tus consists  of  from  two  hundred  to  four  hundred  hooks  attached  by 
short  lines  to  a  main  line,  which  is  from  five  to  twenty -seven  fathoms 
long,  according  to  the  place  in  which  set,  and  is  held  in  place  by  poles 
or  stakes  pushed  in  the  mud.  The  lines  are  usually  set  in  the  lake,  but 
occasionally  short  ones  are  fished  in  the  bayous  and  marshes.  Catfish 
are  taken  with  a  bait  of  herring  {Coregonus  artedi)  or  grasshoppers,  and 
are  mostly  used  in  the  families  of  the  fishermen  and  their  neighbors  or 
sold  to  peddlers.  *  *  *  The  size  of  the  catfish  ranges  from  five  to 
twenty-five  pounds,  averaging  eight  or  ten  pounds."  In  some  other 
parts  of  Lake  Erie  the  set-line  fishery  for  catfish  begins  April  15. 
Some  of  these  lines  have  as  many  as  two  thousand  hooks.  In  Toledo 
these  fish  bring  four  and  one-half  cents  a  pound.  The  pound  nets  also 
take  a  good  many  catfish  in  the  spring  and  fall.  Erie  receives  its  sup- 
ply of  catfish  from  fishermen  who  operate  in  the  lake  from  Erie  to  Elk 
creek  with  set-lines  during  the  summer  months.  De  Kay  had  the  spe- 
cies from  Bufifalo,  where  he  saw  specimens  weighing  from  twenty-five  to 
thirty  pounds.     He  states  that  it  is  usually  captured  by  the  spear. 

14.  Amiurus  albidus  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Channel  Catilsh.  { Figure  21.) 
The  white  or  channel  cattish  has  a  broad  stout  body  ;  its  depth  e<iuals  tlie  length  of 
the  head  and  is  contained  four  times  in  the  total  length  to  tail.  Maxillary  barbels  reach 
posterior  end  of  head  ;  niandibulary  barbels  rather  sljort  Dorsal  tin  short,  adipose 
well  devel(»i)ed,  caudal  slijflitly  forked,  anal  long.  Humeral  j)roces8,  above  pectoral, 
half  lengtli  of  pectoral  spine,  rough.     D.  I,  (\\  A.  20. 

This  is  the  white  cat  or  channel  cat,  in  Philadelphia  distinguished  as 
the  Schuylkill  cat. 

The  channel  cat  ranges  from  Pennsylvania  to  North  Carolina,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  abundant  of  its  family  in  the  Potomac  river.  It  is  abund- 
ant in  the  Susquehanna  and  common  in  the  Schuylkill. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  two  feet  and  a  weight  of  five  pounds. 
It  is  extremely  variable  with  ago.  Old  examples  have  the  mouth  so 
much  wider  than  in  tlio  young  tliat  they  have  been  described  as  a  dis 
tinct  species.  The  big-mouthed  cat  of  Cope  is  now  considered  to  be  the 
old  form  of  the  white  cat.  The  habits  of  this  species  agree  with  those 
of  other  species  already  mentioned.  The  name  channel  cat  suggests  a 
favorite  haunt  of  the  fish.     As  a  food  fish  it  is  highly  prized. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


15 


i5.  Amiurus  natalis  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Yellow  Cattish. 

The  yellow  catfish  is  robust  and  has  a  rather  broad  head.  The  mouth  is  wide,  v^-ith 
the  upper  jaw  usually  longer  than  the  lower,  sometimes  equal  to  it.  The  dorsa  prohle 
Iraaually  aslnds  from  the  snout  to  dorsal  spine.  The  depth  of  the  body  at  dorsal 
tpino  Lontained  four  and  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  length  to  base  ot  tad  Ihe 
eCh  of  the  head  is  contained  three  and  two-thirds  times  in  the  body  length,  and 
ecmals  length  of  anal  base.  Eye  moderate;  maxillary  barbel  reaclung  end  of 
head  Humeral  process  little  developed.  Dorsal  an.l  pectoral  spines  strong,  shorter 
than  soft  rays.  Height  of  dorsal  equal  to  twice  the  length  of  its  base.  Adipose  hn 
long  as  in  Not  urns,  opposite  to  and  longer  than  anal.     Caudal  rounded.     D.  I,  G .  A. 

04 .  V    I   8  .      •      L 

Described  from  specimen  No.  36,685,  United  States  National  Museum,  s.x  inches 

long,  from  Huntsville,  Alabama. 

The  yellow  cat  or  chubby  cat  is  found  from  the  Great  Lakes  to  Virginia 
and  Texas  It  has  many  varieties,  three  of  which  are  mentioned  by 
Prof  Cope  as  occuring  in  Pennsylvania,  two  of  them  in  the  Ohio  river 
and  its  tributaries  and  the  third  in  Lake  Erie.  The  species  is  not  credited 
to  the  region  east  of  the  Alleghenies. 

The  length  of  the  yellow  cat  sometimes  reaches  two  feet,  but  averages 
much  less.  Nothing  special  is  recorded  about  the  habits  of  this  species. 
It  is  most  abundant  in  sluggish  streams. 


16.  Amiurus  vulgaris  (TnoMproN). 

The  lionjc-Jawcd  Catttsh.    {Fifiure  24.) 

This  catfish  has  a  stout  body  ;  its  depth  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without 
caudal  The  head  is  contained  about  three  and  three-fourths  tiines  in  this  length,  bye 
very  small.  Mouth  large  ;  jaws  equal  or  lower  jaw  sometimes  projecting.  Barbels 
lone  :  maxillary  barbel  as  long  as  head.  .... 

The  length  of  the  dorsal  base  is  less  than  one-half  that  of  the  anal,  while  its  height 
is  five-sixths  of  the  same  length.    Adipose  fin  well  developed.    The  pectoral  spine  is 
stout  and  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  fin.     Caudal   sriuare.     Anal  rounded 
Least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  contained  two  and  one-third  times  m  greatest  depth 
of  body.     D.  I,  6 ;  A.  18(20) ;  V.  1, 8.  ...        1 

Desc-ribed  from  No.  31,946,  United  States  National  Museum,  twelve  inches  long, 

from  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

The  long-jawed  catfish  is  found  in  the  Great  Lake  region  and  westward 
to  Manitoba.  It  is  believed  to  be  very  nearly  related  to  the  common 
catfish,  A  uebnlosus,  but  its  projecting  lower  jaw  will  serve  to  distin- 
o-uish  it.     This  character,  however,  we  know  by  experience  is  not  so  sat- 

isfactory  as  it  might  be. 

This  catfish  is  occasionally  taken  in  the  Ohio  river,  but  it  is  more 
abundant  in  Lake  Erie.  The  species  reaches  a  length  of  eighteen  inches 
and  a  weight  of  four  pounds. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


17.  Amiurus  nebulosus  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Common  Cattish.     (tHf/ure  3-5.) 

The  common  catfish  has  a  very  stout  body,  broad  head  and  a  short  stout  caudal 
peduncle.  The  depth  of  body  about  equals  length  of  head,  and  is  contained  from 
three  and  one-half  to  four  and  one-half  times  in  length.  Barbels  eight.  Maxillary 
barbels  as  long  as  head.  Dorsal  profile  from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  fin  straight  and 
rather  steep.  Mouth  wide  and  terminal.  Teeth  awl-shaped,  in  broad  bands  on  the 
inter-maxillaries  and  dentaries.  Dorsal  situated  in  front  of  middle  of  body,  short 
and  high.  Adii^ose  fin  stout.  Anal  large,  its  base  equalling  length  of  head.  Caudal 
square  or  slightly  emarginate.     D.  I,  G ;  A.  20  to  22  ;  V.  I,  7. 

Length  of  specimen  examined  seven  inches  ;  from  Susquehanna  river  at  Havre  do 
Grace,  Maryland. 

This  is  known  as  the  common  catfish,  bull-head,  horn-pout,  bull-pout 
and  minister.  This  species  has  a  wider  distribution  than  the  white  cat, 
its  range  including  New  England  and  southward  to  South  Carolina,  west 
to  Wisconsin  and  southwest  to  Texas.  It  has  also  been  transferred  from 
the  Schuylkill  to  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers,  California, 
where  it  has  multiplied  so  rapidly  that  is  now  one  of  the  commonest 
fishes  of  those  streams.  This  is  the  commonest  catfish  in  Lake  Erie  and 
its  tributaries.  The  species  reaches  a  maximum  length  of  eighteen 
inches  and  a  weight  of  four  pounds,  but  the  average  size  of  market  spe- 
cimens is  much  smaller.  In  the  lower  portion  of  the  Susquehanna  color 
varieties  of  this  species  are  not  uncommon.  One  of  them  appears  to  be 
the  same  as  the  Amiurus  marmoratns  of  Holbrook  ;  this  supposed  color 
variety  is  found  also  from  Illinois  to  Florida.  The  lower  Susquehanna 
has  furnished,  also,  some  singularly  colored  examples  of  this  fish,  dis- 
tinguished by  large  areas  of  jet  black  combined  with  lemon  and  white. 
These  freaks  are  among  the  most  interesting  and  beautiful  obsei*ved  in 
this  family  of  fishes. 

From  Jordan's  Manual  of  the  Vertebrates  I  quote  Thoreau's  account  of 
the  habits  of  this  species:  " The  horned  pout  are  'dull  and  blundering 
fellows',  fond  of  the  mud.  and  growing  best  in  weedy  ponds  and  rivers 
without  current.  They  stay  near  the  bottom,  moving  slowly  about  with 
their  barbels  widely  spread,  watching  for  anything  eatable.  They  will 
take  any  kind  of  bait,  from  an  angle-worm  to  a  piece  of  a  tin  tomato-can, 
without  coquetry,  and  they  seldom  fail  to  swallow  the  hook.  They  are 
very  tenacious  of  life,  '  opening  and  shutting  their  mouths  for  hali  'an 
hour  after  their  heads  have  been  cut  oflf.'  They  spawn  in  spring,  and  the 
old  fishes  lead  the  young  in  great  schools  near  the  shore,  seemingly  car- 
ing  for  them  as  the  hen  for  her  chickens." 

18.  Amiurus  melas  i liAiiNEsguE ). 

The  Small  Blaek  CatflHli. 

Tl'.e  liody  of  the  small  black  catfish  is  stout,  short  and  deep.  Its  depth  is  contained 
about  tljrco  and  one-half  times  in  lenirth  to  tail ;  in  very  deep  examples  only  three 
and  one-fifth  times.     The  longtli  of  the  head  is  contained  three  and  oiie-hulf  times  In 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


17 


this  length.  The  head  is  broad,  the  dorsal  profile  straight  and  rather  steep  from  tip  of 
snout  to  dorsal  fin.  Eye  rather  small;  barbels  long.  Caudal  peduncle  stout.  Dor- 
sal I,  6  ;  the  spine  strong  and  sharply  pointed.  The  height  of  the  dorsal  fin  equals 
one-half  length  of  head.  The  anal  has  eighteen  rays;  its  base  is  two  and  one-half 
times  as  long  as  dorsal  base.  The  pectoral  fin  has  one  sharp  spine  and  seven  rays. 
Tail  truncate.  Adipose  fin  well  developed.  Teeth  very  fine,  awl-shapod  and  in 
broad  bands. 

The  small  black  catfish  was  known  to  De  Kay  as  the  brown  catfish. 

It  is  found  in  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys,  the  Great  Lake  re- 
gion, also  southward  to  New  York.  The  specific  name  is  derived  from 
its  black  color.  De  Kay  states  that  it  is  very  common  in  Lake  Pleas- 
ant, Lake  Janet  and  many  of  the  other  lakes  in  the  northern  districts  of 
the  state. 

This  catfish  reaches  a  length  of  one  foot.  Its  color  is  usually  black- 
ish or  dusky  brown,  approaching  to  black,  while  the  lower  parts  are 
bluish  white.  The  fins  are  black,  tinged  with  red,  and  the  barbels  are 
black.  The  color  is  subject  to  considerable  variation.  The  species  is 
too  small  to  be  of  much  value  as  food  and  its  principal  use  in  northern 
New  York,  according  to  De  Kay,  was  to  serve  as  bait  for  the  lake  trout. 

Genus  Gronias  Cope. 

♦'Head  broad,  depressed.  Supraoccipital  bone  posteriorly  free.  Branchiostegal 
membrane  with  ten  rays.  Anterior  dorsal  spine  stout;  posterior  fin  separatetl  from 
caudal.  Ventrals  with  eight  rays.  Eyes  rudimental,  covered  by  the  corium.  Nata- 
tory bladder  present. 

"The  species  has  the  head  broader  posteriorly,  and  the  anal  fin  shorter  than  in  the 
allied  species  of  Amiurus.  It  may  be  called  O.  nigrilabris.  The  muzzle  is  fiat  and 
the  jaws  equal;  the  width  across  the  occipital  region  is  equal  to  the  length  from 
theendof  the  muzzle  to  the  apex  of  the  occipital  crest;  width  below  equal  to  the 
length  from  the  axilla  of  the  pectoral  to  the  base  of  the  ventral  fin. 

"From  end  of  muzzle  to  dorsal  spine  equal  from  latter  to  middle  of  adipose. 
I^ength  of  head  four  and  one-half  times  in  total  length.  Maxillary  barbels  extend 
three-fourths  the  distance  to  the  opercular  border;  outer  (longer)  mentals  scarcely 
beyond  middle  branch iostcgal  angle.  Height  of  body  at  base  of  dorsal  equal  three- 
fourths  length  of  head.  End  of  pectoral  op|)08ite  posterior  border  of  first  dorsal,  its 
spinous  ray  serrate ;  ventrals  not  reaching  anal.  Basis  of  anal  terminating  a  little 
behind  base  of  adipose  ;  length  of  caudal  peduncle  below,  equal  length  of  pectoral 
spine.  Rays  :  D.  1-7  ;  P.  1-9 ;  V.  8 ;  A.  18  ;  C.  16.  Spine  of  dorsal  smooth.  Caudal 
openly  emarginate,  the  emargination  much  above  the  middle  rays,  giving  the  high- 
est a  short  lobate  outline.  Lateral  line  straight  to  scapular  angle,  mouth  of  axillary 
nmcous  duct  distinct  Length  of  head  2  in.  8  1.;  width  l>clow  2  in.  2  1.;  from  muzzle 
to  base  of  ventrals  4  in.  3  1.;  to  base  of  caudal  7  in.  9  1.;  lengtli  of  caudal  1  in.  7  1.; 
another  specimen  is  about  ten  inches  in  length.  The  color  of  the  upper  surfaces,  tail, 
fins,  barbels  and  under  jaw  is  black  ;  sides  varied  with  dirty  yellow,  abdomen  and 
thorax  yellowish-white.  J.  Staufler  informs  mo  that  the  dark  pigment  of  the  skin  of 
this  animal  comes ofi'  upon  the  hands  in  handling  it" 

[Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sci.,  Phila,  xvi,  1804,  p.  231.] 

The  cave  catfish,  as  its  name  suggests,  is  an  inhabitant  of  subterran- 
ean streams;  it  has  been  found  only  in  the  tributaries  of  Conestoga 
creek,  in  eastern  Pennsylvania. 

2  Fishes. 


1 


18 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


This  catfish  was  first  discoved  by  the  late  Jacob  Stauffer,  near  Lancas- 
ter, Pa„  and  has  since  been  obtained  by  a  number  of  persons.  It  has 
the  greneral  appearance  of  the  black  catfish  previously  described,  Amiu- 
rus  melas,  but  the  eyes  are  rudimentary  and  concealed  under  thick  skin. 
It  is  believed  to  be  a  recent  descendant  of  the  common  black  catfish  or 
perhaps  the  common  catfish,  A.  nehulosus,  and  that  its  condition  of  blind, 
ness  is  due  to  its  cave  life.  It  is  the  Only  blind  catfish  known.  The 
cave  catfish  grows  to  a  lenprth  of  ten  inches. 

Genus  LEPTOPS  Rafinesque. 

20.  LeptopS  olivaris  Rafinesque. 
The  Mud  Catfish. 

The  yellow  cat  or  mud  cat  has  a  long  slender  body,  with  the  head  miu-h  de- 
pressed. The  dorsal  profile  is  gradually  elevated  from  tip  of  snout  to  origin  ot  dor- 
sal fin  ;  from  this  point  to  tail  the  slope  is  very  sliglit.  The  depth  of  the  body  at  be- 
ginning of  dorsal  is  about  one-sixtli  of  the  total  length,  without  caudal.  The  length 
of  the  head  is  confciined  two  and  two-thirds  times  in  tlie  standard  length.  The  head 
is  very  flat.  Eye  verv  small.  Maxillary  barbel  almost  as  long  as  head.  Dorsal  rays 
about  equal  in  length  ;  height  of  dorsal  equal  to  length  of  anal  base :  the  spine  one- 
half  as  long  as  rays.  Fins  rounded  ;  caudal  emarginate  ;  adipose  fin  large,  its  length 
equal  to  anal  base.  Anal  and  adipose  fins  opposite.  D.  T,  6 ;  A.  13 ;  V.  I,  8.  De- 
scribed from  No.  27,873,  United  States  National  Museum,  collected  in  the  Illinois 
river  by  Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes. 
This  is  known  under  the  name  of  mud-cat,  flat-head  cat,  Russian  cat, 

yellow  cat  and  goujon. 

The  mud-cat  in  Pennsylvania  is  limited  to  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries. 
It  is  abundant  in  the  Mississippi  valley  in  deep  slugrffish  waters,  rang-ingr 
westward  to  Iowa  and  southward  to  Georgia,  but  is  not  found  in  tribu- 
taries  of  the  Atlantic. 

This  is  a  very  large  species  reaching  a  weight  of  seventy -five  pounds, 
and  a  maximum  length  of  three  feet.  The  mud-cat  prefers  muddy  bottoms 
and  large  sluggish  streams.  It  is  a  food  fish  of  goo<l  qualities  and  is 
extensively  used  notwithstanding  its  ugliness. 

Genus  NOTURUS  Rafinesque. 

21.  Noturus  flavus  Rafinesque. 

The  Stone  Catfish. 

The  stone  cat  has  a  moderately  elongate  Iwdy,  whose  greatest  depth  and  width  are 
nearly  equal ;  the  tail  is  much  i-ompressed,  and  the  head  fiat  and  broad.  The  great- 
est depth  of  the  body  is  nearly  one-fitth  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal :  the 
least  deptii  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  nearly  one-half  length  of  head.  Tlio 
moutli  IS  terminal,  horiz<mtal,  its  width  equal  to  postorbital  i  art  of  head  and  t(» 
length  of  maxillary  barbel.  Longer  barbel  on  chin  not  finite,  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head.  Nasal  barbel,  when  laid  back,  reaches  end  of  eye.  The  width  of  the  band  of 
teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  equals  one-third  length  of  head  ;  the  backward  prolongation 
is  little  longer  than  the  eye.  The  distance  between  the  eyes  eciuals  length  of  snout 
and  eye.    The  snout  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head.    The 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


19 


dorsal  origin  is  atadistancefrom  tip  of  snout  nearly  equal  to  one-third  of  total  length 
without  caudal.  The  dorsal  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head.  The  spine  is  very 
sharp,  and  as  long  as  the  snout.  The  longest  ray  is  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head.  The  ventral  origin  is  not  far  behind  the  end  of  the  dorsal  base  •  the  fin  reaches 
a  little  beyond  the  vent,  but  not  to  the  anal  origin.  The  pectoral  reaches  to  below 
the  third  dorsal  ray  ;  its  spine  is  about  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  anal  origin 
is  a  little  nearer  to  base  of  caudal  than  to  origin  of  pectoral ;  the  base  is  as  long  as  the 
head  without  the  snout,  one-fifth  of  total  to  base  of  caudal,  and  the  longest  ray 
equals  one-half  length  of  head.  The  very  low  adipose  dorsal  begins  over  the  anal 
origin  and  continues  into  the  caudal ;  in  older  spe<'imens  it  is  deeply  notched.  The 
caudal  is  rounded.  D.  I,  6;  A.  16;  V.  9;  P.  I,  9.  Length  of  the  specimen  described. 
No.  35,877,  United  States  National  Museum,  six  and  one-fourth  Inches.  In  spirits  the 
upper  parts  are  grayish  brown  and  the  lower  surface  of  head  and  body  pale.  In  life 
the  lish  is  nearly  uniform  yellowish  brown. 

The  yellow  stone  cat  is  found  from  Ontario  to  Virginia  and  in  the 
Ohio  valley.  In  the  Mississippi  region  it  extends  west  to  Nebraska.  It 
inhabits  the  larger  streams.  The  species  has  very  little  value  as  food 
on  account  of  its  small  size.  It  seldom  exceeds  twelve  inches  in  length, 
but  it  is  a  very  good  bait  for  black  bass.  The  stone  cats  are  much 
dreaded  by  fishermen  because  of  the  painful  wounds  sometimes  pro- 
duced by  their  pectoral  spines.  There  is  a  minute  pore  in  the  axil  of 
the  pectoral  which  is  the  outlet  of  a  noxious  liquid  secreted  by  a  poison 
gland.  When  this  poison  is  discharged  into  a  wound  it  causes  an  ex- 
tremely painful  sore. 

22.  Noturus  insignis  Richardson. 

The  Margined  Stone  Cattish.     (Fiifure  ^ti.) 

The  margined  stone  cat  has  a  moderately  elongate  and  low  body,  its  width  greater 
than  its  depth,  anil  the  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  about  three-fourths  great- 
est depth  of  body.  The  head  is  rather  long  and  depressed,  one-fourth  of  total  with- 
out caudal,  the  snout  short  and  rounded.  The  eye  is  small,  its  length  one-half  width 
of  interorbital  space  and  little  more  than  one-half  lengtli  of  snout.  The  lower  jaw  is 
slightly  shorter  than  the  upper;  the  width  of  the  mouth  eiiuals  postorbital  part  of 
head.  The  width  of  the  maxillary  band  of  teeth  ecjuals  one-third  length  of  head; 
there  is  no  extension  backward.  The  maxillary  barbel  reaches  nearly  to  the  end  of 
the  head.  Six  short  gill-rakers  below  the  angle  of  the  the  first  gill-arch.  The  dor- 
sal origin  is  al)out  over  the  middle  of  the  space  between  the  pectoral  and  ventral 
origins  ;  the  length  of  the  dorsal  baseetjuals  the  distance  between  the  eyes,  and  also 
the  length  of  its  spine.  The  longest  ray  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head.  The  ven- 
tral reaches  beyond  the  vent  and  alnu>st  to  the  anal  origin,  its  length  one-half  head. 
The  pectoral  does  not  reat'li  to  the  ventral  origin  ;  its  spine  is  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head,  rough  along  its  front  edge  and  <'oarsely  serrate  behind.  The  adipose  fin  is  lit- 
tle developed  ;  it  begins  over  the  anal  origin,  and  is  continuous  with  the  caudal. 
The  anal  origin  is  nearly  midway  between  the  pectoral  origin  and  the  base  of  the 
caudal ;  the  base  is  scarcely  two-ninths  of  total  length  without  cauiial  ;  the  posterior 
and  longest  rays  are  scarcely  one-half  as  long  as  tlu"  head.  The  caudal  is  rounded. 
D.  I,  7  ;  A.  17  ;  V.  10;  P.  I,  9.  In  spirits  the  upper  parts  are  dark  brown,  the  belly 
and  under  surface  of  head  pale.  The  fins  all  have  a  narrow  dark  margin.  The 
specimen  described,  No.  18,015,  United  States  National  Museum,  is  four  and  one-halt 
inches  long. 

This  species,  like  the  others  of  its  genus,  is  called  stone  cat,  and  it  is 
very  common  iu  the  Susquehanna,  where  it  is  highly  prized  as  a  live 


; 


"ffi 


II 


« ii 


20 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


bait  for  black  bass  fishin^r.  The  species  occurs  also  in  the  Delaware, 
but  for  some  reason  or  other  is  not  so  attractive  to  the  black  bass  as 
the  Susquehanna  river  race. 

This  stone  cat  grows  to  a  length  of  ten  inches;  it  ranges  from  Penn- 
sylvania to  South  Carolina,  east  of  the  AUeghenies.  The  dorsal  and 
caudal  fins  have  a  well-defined  black  margin,  from  which  originated  the 
later  name  of  Noturus  marginatus. 

This  is  the  Pimelodus  livree  of  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  and  the  P. 
lemniscatus  of  Le  Sueur.  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  make  the  following 
concluding  remarks  about  the  species :  "The  species  is  probably  vivip- 
arous, for  the  eggs  are  very  large,  and  contain  a  well-developed  em- 
bryo. The  ovary  contains  many  eggs  of  which  the  diameter  exceeds 
two  lines,  and  moreover  they  are  taken  from  a  small  animal,  for  our  ex- 
ample is  three  inches  long." 

23.  Noturus  gyrinus  Mitchill. 

The  Tadpole  Stone  Catfish. 

The  tadpole  stone  cat  has  a  short  and  stout  body,  sloping  rapidly  downward  from 
the  dorsal  origin  to  the  tip  of  the  snout;  its  greatest  depth  contained  four  and  one- 
third  times  in  total  length  without  caudal ;  its  width  contained  four  and  one-half 
times.  The  head  is  short,  broad  and  depressed,  its  width  nearly  equal  to  its  length, 
which  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal.  The  width  of  the  mouth  equals  two- 
thirds  the  length  of  the  head  ;  the  jaws  nearly  equal.  The  width  of  the  maxillary 
band  of  teeth  equals  one-third  length  of  head  ;  there  are  no  lateral  Imckward  exten- 
sions. The  snout  is  short,  two-sevenths  as  long  as  the  head.  Tlie  eye  is  small,  one- 
seventh  as  long  as  the  head.  Tl>e  maxillary  barbel  reaches  to  the  base  of  the  pec- 
toral ;  the  outer  mandibulary  »)arbel  is  slightly  longer.  The  nasal  barbel  is  one-half 
as  long  as  the  head.  The  distance  of  the  dorsal  from  the  tip  of  snout  equals  that 
from  origin  of  ventral  to  end  of  anal.  The  base  is  as  long  as  the  snout  and  eye  com- 
bined ;  the  spine  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  equals  length 
of  postorbital  part  of  head.  Tlie  low  adipose  fin  begins  over  the  anal  origin,  and  is 
continuous  with  the  caudal.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  end  of  the  dorsal  Ijaso  ; 
the  tin  does  not  reach  to  anal  origin.  The  pectoral  reaches  to  below  the  middle  of 
the  dorsal.  The  anal  base  is  one-fifth  of  total  length  without  caudal ;  the  longest 
ray  equals  postorbital  part  of  head.  The  caudal  is  rounded.  The  pectoral  spinels 
one-half  as  long  as  the  head.  The  humeral  process  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head. 
D.  I,  6;  A.  13-15  ;  P.  I,  a  Color  in  spirits  dark  brown  ;  the  belly  and  under  surface 
of  head,  paler. 

The  specimens  described,  No.  1508,  United  States  National  Museum,  are  from 

three  and  one  half  to  four  inches  long. 

Tliis  is  named  the  tadpole  stone  cat.  It  is  the  smallest  of  the  genus 
in  Pennsylvania.  It  occurs  in  tributaries  of  the  Delaware  and  also  in 
streams  flowing  into  the  Susquehanna.  In  general  it  ranges  in  the 
Great  Lake  region,  through  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys,  and  in 
New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Its  length  does  not  exceed 
five  inches.  The  species  is  too  small  to  be  of  any  value,  except  for  bait, 
and  on  account  of  its  tenacity  to  life,  it  is  greatly  in  demand  for  hook 
and  line  fishing,  especially  in  the  capture  of  the  black  bass,  for  which 
fisb  it  is  one  of  the  best  baits  known. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


21 


ORDER  EVENTOGNATHl. 

Family  CAT0ST0MID.£.     The  Sdckerb. 
Genus  ICTIOBUS  Rafinesque.     Buffalo  Fishes. 
24.  Ictiobus  urus  Aoassiz. 

The  Biff  mouthed  Buffalo  Fish.    (  Figure  27. ) 

The  big-mouthed  buffalo  fish  has  a  stout  body  and  head,  the  back  elevated,  and  a 
large  mouth.  The  deptli  of  the  body  is  equal  to  one-third  of  the  total  length  with- 
out tail.  The  head  is  contained  three  and  one-fourth  times  in  the  standard  length. 
The  eye  is  of  moderate  size,  its  length  about  one-sixth  that  of  the  head.  Mucus 
pores  well  developed.  The  mouth  is  somewhat  oblicjue  ;  the  maxillary  not  reach- 
ing vertical  through  eye.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  broatl,  its  least  depth  almost  half 
length  of  head.  The  rather  long  dorsal  fin  commences  on  middle  of  body,  the  length 
of  its  base  equal  to  depth  of  body;  the  anterior  rays  high,  longest  half  length  of 
dorsal  base  ;  l)eginninc  with  the  ninth  the  rays  are  about  of  equal  length,  and  not 
much  more  than  one-third  length  of  longest  rays. 

Caudal  forked.  Pectoral  moderate,  its  length  about  equal  to  that  of  longest  dor- 
sal rays.  The  anal  is  short,  its  base  equal  to  one-half  the  length  of  its  longest  ray, 
which  equals  longest  dorsal  ray.  D.  25  or  26 ;  A.  8  or  9.  Scales,  7-36-6,  large  and 
striated.  Lateral  line  complete  and  straight.  The  specimen  described,  No.  35,882, 
United  States  National  Museum,  from  the  Missouri  river,  is  fourteen  inches  long. 

The  black  buffalo,  big-mouthed  buffalo  or  mongrel  buffalo  of  authors, 
occurs  in  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys,  but  is  less  abundant  than  the 
other  species  of  the  genus.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half 
feet,  and  is  extensively  used  for  food.  The  species  is  found  only  in  the 
larger  streams,  and  is  distinguished  from  all  the  other  buffalo  fishes  by 
its  darker  colors,  as  well  as  by  its  large  mouth  and  stout  body. 

26.  Ictiobus  bubalus  (Rafinesque). 

The  Red-mouthed  Buffalo  Fish. 

The  red-mouthed  buttalo  fish  has  the  back  elevated,  body  robust  more  or  less  com- 
pressed, mouth  terminal  with  little  developed  lips,  opercle  very  large  and  strong, 
large  scales  and  a  long,  low,  dorsal  fin.  The  depth  of  the  body  e(iuals  one-third  of 
its  length  ;  the  length  of  the  head  is  contained  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  stand- 
ard length  ;  the  dorsal  base  two  and  two-thirds  in  the  same  length.  Diameter  of  eye 
equals  about  one-seventh  length  of  the  head.  Teeth  small  and  numerous.  D.  20  ; 
A.  9 ;  V.  10.  Scales  7-44-6.  The  example  described,  No.  20,774,  United  States  National 
Museum,  from  Illinois,  is  eighteen  inches  long. 

The  red-mouthed  buffalo  fish,  also  known  as  the  brown  buffalo,  high- 
backed  buffalo,  small-mouthed  buffalo,  sucker-mouthed  buffalo  and  buffalo 
fish,  is  a  common  inhabitant  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys,  but 
does  not  occur  east  of  the  AUeghenies. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  feet  and  a  weight  of 
fifteen  pounds.  It  frequents  large  streams.  Prof.  Forbes  has  been  in- 
formed by  fishermen  that  one  or  more  species  of  buffalo  fish  have  the 


22 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


"  pecular  habit  of  whirling-  around  in  shallow  water  or  plowing-  steadily 
along,  with  their  heads  buried  in  the  mud,  and  their  tails  occasionally 
showing  above  the  surface.  These  operations  have  nothing  to  do  with 
spawning:,  and  it  is  likely  that  fishes  thus  engaged  are  burrowing  for 
small  mollusks  and  for  mud-inhabiting  larva?."  The  food  of  this  buffalo 
fish  consists  of  aquatic  plants,  in  the  Illinois  river  chiefly  duck  weed  and 
Cerafophyllum.  The  animal  food  includes  mollusks,  insects  and  their 
larvjc  and  crustaceans.  Worms  are  rarely  found  in  their  stomachs.  The 
bufi'alo  is  not  a  choice  fish  and  its  flesh  is  filled  with  innumerable  small 
bones,  yet  it  is  abundant  and  is  eaten  in  very  large  quantities.  These 
fish  do  not  take  the  hook  and  are  usually  caug-ht  in  seines. 

26.  Ictiobus  carpio  Rafinesque. 

The  Carp  Sucker.     (  Figure  28. ) 

The  body  of  the  carp  sucker  is  fusiform,  back  little  elevated  and  sides  compressed. 
Thedepthofthebodyat  theorigin  of  the  dorsal  iscontsiined  about  three  and  one-fourth 
times  in  the  length  without  caudal, the  length  of  the  head  three  and  three-fourths  times. 
Muzzle  more  or  less  conic,  rounded  on  top;  mouth  small,  horizontal  and  inferior,  with 
thin  lips.  Muciferous  system  on  head  moderately  developed.  Theeye  is  of  moderate 
size,  its  diametercontained  five  times  in  length  of  head.  The  distance  from  tip  of  snout 
to  origin  of  dorsal  equals  nearly  one-half  the  distance  from  tip  of  snout  to  caudal  base. 
First  and  second  rays  of  dorsal  partly  ossified,  first  very  small,  one-third  as  long  as 
the  second  which  is  less  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  third  or  longest  ray,  whicli  is 
slightly  more  than  one-half  dorsal  base.  The  rays  gradually  decrease  in  length  from 
the  third  to  the  tenth,  which  is  contained  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  third,  and 
are  of  equal  size  from  this  ray  back.  The  pectorals  are  placed  low  ;  ventrals  with  a 
broad  l)ase  and  caudal  well  forked.  Tlie  scales  are  large  and  about  equal  in  size  all 
over  the  body.  D.  28  (to  30);  A.  8;  V.  10.  Scales  7-37-6.  The  lateral  line  is  well 
marked  and  slightly  decurved. 

Described  from  No.  36,509,  United  States  National  Museum,  nine  and  one-half 
inches  long,  from  the  Rio  Colorado,  Texas. 

The  big  carp  sucker  or  olive  sucker  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  valleys.  It  is  a  common  species  and  grows  to  a  moderately 
large  size,  reaching  eighteen  inches  in  length,  and  is  the  largest  of  the 
carp  suckers.  In  the  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries  it  is  one  of  the  most 
abundant  fishes.  In  the  Mississippi  valley  its  range  extends  southward 
to  Texas.    The  species  has  not  been  recorded  from  Lake  Erie. 

The  food  of  the  carp  sucker  is  similar  to  that  of  other  species  of  the 
genus.  It  includes  soft-shelled  mollusks,  small  crustaceans,  worms  and 
aquatic  plants. 

Although  this  is  not  a  choice  fish  it  is  extensively  used  for  food. 

27.  Ictiobus  di£formis  (Cope). 

The  Derormed  <'ari»  Sucker. 

This  species  is  fusiform,  sides  compressed,  back  much  elevated,  the  head  conic, 
rounded  on  top,  with  very  l»lunt  muzzle.  The  eye  is  longer  tlian  the  snout,  one- 
fourth  length  of  head.  Mouth  small,  Iiorizontal.  The  greatest  depth  ot  the  body  is 
at  the  origin  of  the  dorsal  and  is  contained  twoand  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  length 
without  caudal ;  length  of  head  four  and  one-fourth  times.    Anterior  rays  of  dorsal 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


28 


much  produced,  as  long  as  dorsal  base  and  almost  equal  to  depth  of  body;  the  pos- 
terior rays  low.  Caudal  large,  deeply  forked.  D.  24  (developed  rays);  A.  8  or  9; 
V.  9 ;  scales  6-35-7.     Tlie  scales  are  large  and  about  equal  in  size  all  over  the  body. 

Described  from  No.  26,274,  United  States  National  Museum,  nine  and  one-half 
inches  long,  from  Alabama. 

The  deformed  carp  sucker  occurs  in  the  Ohio  valley.  Prof.  Cope  re- 
cords it  from  the  Ohio  river.  Dr.  Jordan  reports  it  from  the  Wabash 
and  the  lower  Ohio. 

This  singular  species  may  be  recognized  by  the  great  bluntness  of 
its  head  and  by  the  dorsal  fin  beginning  in  front  of  the  middle  of  the 
body.  It  is  not  a  common  fish  and  its  size  is  small,  the  maximum  length 
being  about  one  foot.  It  is  too  rare  to  be  of  any  commercial  importance 
even  if  its  size  were  larger.  Its  habits  are  similar  to  those  of  other  mem- 
bers of  its  genus, 

28.  Ictiobus  velifer  (Rafinesque). 

The  Sail  Fish. 

Tlie  sail-fish  has  an  oblong  body  with  the  back  much  arched  ;  head  sub-conic,  broad 
between  the  eyes.  Tlie  depth  of  the  body  almost  equal  to  one-tliird  of  the  length 
with  tail ;  the  head  is  one-fourth  of  the  standard  length.  The  rather  large  eye  is  as 
long  as  snout,  more  than  one-fourth  length  of  head.  The  snout  projectj?  beyond  the 
mouth,  which  is  small.  Lips  rather  thick,  papillose.  Gill  rakers  very  numerous, 
long  and  slender.  The  dorsal  fin  commences  over  tiie  tentli  scale  of  the  lateral 
line,  its  first  three  rays  very  high,  equal  to  length  of  dorsal  base,  or  four  times  length 
of  short  rays,  which  are  most  numerous.  The  very  short  anal  is  placed  opposite  end 
of  dorsal,  the  length  of  its  base  less  than  one-half  that  of  head  ;  its  longest  ray 
equal  to  twice  the  length  of  its  base.  The  pectorals  are  short  and  placed  low  on 
bmly.  The  ventrals  reach  vent  Caudal  deeply  forked  with  slender  lobes,  the 
upper  the  longer.  Scales  large,  striated.  Lateral  line  straight,  slightly  below  mid- 
dle of  body.     D.  26;  A.  8;  V.  10.     Scales,  6-36-5. 

Common  names  of  this  species  include  the  following:  Quill-back, 
skim-back,  sail  fish,  spear  fish,  carp  sucker  and  sailing  sucker.  In  some 
localities  it  is  called  river  carp. 

In  Pennsylvania,  according  to  Prof.  Cope,  this  species  of  quill-back 
is  found  only  in  the  Ohio  river  and  its  tributaries.  It  is  extremely  com- 
mon in  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio  valleys,  and  occurs,  also,  in  the  great 
lakes  and  lakes  of  western  New  York. 

The  quill-back  reaches  a  length  of  one  foot,  and  is  not  an  important 
food  fish.  The  majority  of  the  common  names  are  bestowed  with  refer- 
ence to  the  very  high  anterior  part  of  the  dorsal  fin. 

The  food  of  this  fish  includes  small  mollusks,  insect  larvtp,  crustaceans 
and  aquatic  plants.  Prof.  Forbes  finds  that  worms  and  jjrotozoaus  are 
rarely  present  in  the  stomachs  of  this  species.  The  amount  of  vegeta- 
tion eaten  is  rather  small,  and  it  is  much  mingled  with  mud.  The  mol- 
lusk  most  commonly  found  is  a  thin-shelled  Sph(vriiun. 


24 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


29.  Ictiobus  cyprinus  (Le  Suedr). 

The  Quill  Back. 

The  quill- back  is  robust,  somewhat  compressed,  with  an  arched  dorsal  profile. 
The  depth  of  the  body  equals  one  third  of  the  length ;  and  the  length  of  the  head  is 
contained  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  standard  body  length.  Eye  slightly  more 
than  five  times  in  length  of  head.  Length  of  dorsal  base  slightly  more  than  depth 
of  body.  This  fin  originates  a  little  in  advance  of  middle  of  body.  Its  first  rays  very 
high,  the  third  two-thirds  length  of  longest,  thence  gradually  decreasing  in  length. 
D.  25  ;  A.  8  ;  V.  10.  Scales,  6-43-5.  Described  from  No.  33,073,  United  States  National 
Museum,  nine  inches  long,  from  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland. 

This  is  called  the  carp  sucker,  silvery  carp  sucker,  quill-back,  skim- 
back,  spear-fish,  sail-fish  aucl  carp.  As  now  limited,  its  range  is  stated 
to  be  from  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia,  and  its  center  of  abundance  the 
region  about  Chesapeake  Bay.  Prof.  Cope  also  recognized  it  as  occur- 
ring in  the  Allegheny  river  and  generally  throughout  the  Ohio  valley. 

The  best  account  of  the  food  of  this  fish  is  given  by  Prof.  S.  A. 
Forbes,  who  records  the  fish  from  the  large  rivers  of  Illinois  and  their 
principal  tributaries,  also  from  Lake  Michigan  and  small  lakes  of  north- 
ern Blinois.  He  found  it  abundant  in  the  lakes  and  ponds  of  the  river 
bottoms,  and  less  common  than  other  species  of  carp  suckers  in  running 
water.  The  species  consumes  less  vegetation  than  the  other  fishes  of 
its  genus,  and  more  mud  is  mingled  with  its  food.  It  devours  fewer  of 
the  large  insect  larva?,  and  no  pond  snails.  "Mollusks  made  about  one- 
fourth  of  the  food— all  the  thin-shelled  Sphn'rium.  Insects  averaged 
about  one-third,  and  Entomostraca  made  nearly  one-fourth."  No  worms 
or  polyzoans  were  observed,  but  occasionally  protozoa  were  noticed. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  one  foot. 

Genus  CYCLEPTUS  Rafinesque. 

30.  Cycleptus  elongatus  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Bfack  Horse.    {Figure  20.) 

The  black  horse  has  an  oblong,  elongate,  somewhat  compressed  body,  very  small 
head,  long  caudal  peduncle  and  a  forked  tail.  The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  is  at 
the  origin  of  tlie  dorsal  fin,  and  is  one-fourth  of  the  standard  length  ;  the  lengtli  of 
the  head  is  one-seventh  length  of  l>ody.  The  eye  is  small,  being  contained  three 
times  in  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout.  Mouth  small ;  the  upper  lip  is  thick  and  has 
several  rows  of  tubercles,  the  lower  lip  not  so  thick  and  deeply  incised  behind.  The 
pharyngeal  bones  are  strong,  witli  stout,  wide-set  teeth,  whicli  increase  in  size  down- 
ward. 

The  fins  are  large ;  the  pectoral  falcate  ;  first  three  rays  of  dorsal  high,  the  rest 
low  ;  its  base  is  considerably  more  than  one-tliird  length  of  body ;  anal  very  short. 
The  scales  are  of  moderate  size,  equal  all  over  the  l»ody.  D.  30 ;  A.  8 ;  V.  10.  Scales, 
9-02-9.  Lateral  line  perfect,  almost  straight.  The  specimen  described  is  No.  10,790, 
United  States  National  Museum,  from  Ohio;  length  ten  and  one-half  inches. 

This  is  known  as  the  black  horse,  Missouri  sucker,  gourd-seed  sucker 


FISHES  OF  FENNSYLVANIA. 


26 


and  suckerel.    It  inhabits  the  Mississippi  valley,  is  not  uncommon  in  the 
Ohio  river,  and  Prof.  Cope  records  it  as  occasional  in  the  Allegheny. 

The  black  horse  reaches  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  feet  and  a  max- 
imum weight  of  fifteen  pounds.  It  is  the  best  food  fish  of  the  sucker 
family.  The  sexes  differ  in  color;  the  males  have  the  upper  parts  jet 
black  while  the  sides  are  black  with  coppery  luster.  The  females  are 
olivaceous  with  coppery  shadings.  The  male  has  minute  tubercles  on 
the  snout  in  the  breeding  season  in  spring.  Dr.  Kirtland  noted  a  migra- 
tion down  stream  at  the  approach  of  winter.  The  mouth  of  this  sucker 
is  small  and  the  lips  are  covered  with  numerous  tubercles. 

Genus  CATOSTOMTJS  Le  Sueur 

31.  Catostomus  catostomus  Forster. 

The  Northern  Sucker.     {Figure  ,tn.) 

The  northern  sucker  lias  an  elongate  body,  rounded  and  tapering,  with  a  long  and 
rather  slender  head.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  about  four  and  one-half 
times  in  the  length,  and  eijuals  length  of  head.  The  snout  is  much  longer  than  in  C. 
teres,  considerably  overhanging  the  mouth,  which  is  large,  with  thick  coarsely  tuber- 
culated  lips.  D.  10  to  11;  A.  7  ;  scales  about  one  hundred  in  lateral  line  and  about 
twenty-eight  between  dorsal  and  ventral  fins. 

The  northern  sucker,  long-nosed  sucker,  or  red-sided  sucker,  as  the 
above  species  is  styled,  occurs  in  the  great  lakes  and  northwest  to 
Alaska  in  clear  cold  waters.  It  is  very  common  in  Lake  Erie.  It  grows 
to  a  length  of  two  feet  and  is  largest  and  most  abundant  northward,  in 
Alaska  reaching  a  weight  of  five  pounds.  As  a  food  fish  the  long-nosed 
sucker  is  little  esteemed;  but  in  cold  countries  the  head  and  roe  are 
used  in  making  a  palatable  soup. 

The  males  in  the  breeding  season,  in  spring,  are  profusely  covered 
with  tubercles  on  the  head  and  fins  and  have  a  broad  rosy  band  along 
the  middle  of  the  body.  In  the  Yukon  river,  Alaska,  Dr.  Dall  found  the 
fish  filled  with  spawn  in  April.  The  eggs  are  of  moderate  size  and  yel- 
low in  color.  Nelson  has  seen  this  species  seined  by  Eskimo  in  brack- 
ish estuaries  of  streams  flowing  into  Kotzebue  Sound.  W.  J.  Fisher  has 
collected  specimens  on  the  peninsula  of  Alaska. 

32.  Catostomus  teres  (Mitchill). 

The  Common  Sucker. 

The  common  sucicer  has  a  moderately  stout  body,  heavy  at  the  shoulders  and  tap- 
ering to  the  tail.  Its  greatest  depth  is  contained  four  and  one-half  times  in  length  to 
tail,  slightly  more  than  length  of  head.  Head  conical,  fiattened  on  top.  Mouth  rather 
large  and  the  lips  strongly  papillose.  Dorsal  fin  situated  in  middle  of  length; 
ventral  opposite;  anal  far  back.  Second  and  third  bran<-hed  rays  of  dorsal  highest, 
two-thirds  length  of  head  ;  third  and  fourth  rays  of  anal  longest,  almost  equal  to 
length  of  head.  D.  12 ;  A.  7  ;  V.  9.  Scales  (>4;  from  dorsal  to  lateral  lino  and  from 
lateral  line  to  ventral  9  or  10.  The  specitnen  described.  No.  10,548,  United  States 
National  Museum,  from  Ecorse,  Michigan,  is  fourteen  and  one-half  inches  long. 


26 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  common  sucker,  also  known  as  the  pale  sucker,  white  sucker,  grey 
sucker  and  brook  sucker,  styled  by  the  Canadian  French  the  Carpe 
blanche,  is  the  commonest  member  of  its  g-enus  in  waters  east  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  It  is  found  from  Canada  to  Florida  and  westward 
to  Montana.  Covering'  such  a  wide  range  of  territory  the  species  is 
naturally  variable  and  has  been  described  over  and  over  again  by  many 
authorities  under  a  great  variety  of  names.  The  male  of  this  sucker  in 
spring  has  a  faint  rosy  stripe  along  the  middle  of  the  side.  The  young 
are  brownish  in  color  and  somewhat  mottled  and  have  a  dark  median 
band  or  a  series  of  large  blotches.  The  adults  are  light  olive  varying 
to  paler  and  sometimes  darker;  sides  silvery.  The  species  reaches  a 
length  of  twenty  two  inches,  and  a  weight  of  five  pounds.  It  is  a  very 
common  inhabitant  of  ponds  and  streams  of  the  lowlands,  and  a  small 
race  occurs  in  certain  cold  mountain  streams  of  the  Adirondack  region, 
where  it  is  dwarfed  in  size  and  changed  in  color,  but  does  not  differ  in 
essential  characters.  Dr.  Rothrock,  also,  obtained  a  mountain  race  of 
this  sucker  in  Twin  Lakes,  Colorado,  at  an  elevation  of  9,500  feet  above 
the  sea  level. 

The  common  sucker  is  a  very  indifferent  food  fish  in  the  estimation  of 
most  people,  but  when  taken  from  cold  waters  and  in  its  best  condition 
its  flesh  is  very  palatable.  It  takes  the  hook  readily  when  baited  with 
common  earth  worms. 

Dr.  Richardson  says :  "  It  is  a  common  fish  in  all  parts  of  the  fur  coun- 
tries, abounding  in  the  rivers  and  even  in  landlocked  marshes  and  ponds, 
but  preferring  shallow  grassy  lakes  with  mud  bottoms.  In  the  begin- 
ning of  summer  it  may  be  seen  in  numbers  forcing  its  way  up  rocky 
streams,  and  even  breasting  strong  rapids,  to  arrive  at  its  proper  spawn- 
ing fjlaces  in  stony  rivulets ;  soon  afterwards  it  returns  to  the  lakes. 
Its  food,  judging  from  the  contents  of  the  stomachs  of  those  which  I 
opened,  is  chiefly  soft  insects ;  but  in  one  I  found  the  fragments  of  a 
fresh-water  shell.  In  the  winter  and  autumn  it  is  common  in  nets,  and 
in  the  spawning  season  (June)  may  be  readily  speared,  or  even  taken  by 
the  hand,  in  shallow  streams.  It  is  a  very  soft  watery  fish,  but  devoid  of 
any  unpleasant  flavor,  and  is  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  in  the 
country  for  making  soup.  Like  its  congeners  it  is  singularly  tenacious 
of  life,  and  may  be  frozen  and  thawed  again  without  being  killed." 

33.  Catostomus  nig^ricans  Le  Sueur. 

Thf  Stoiio  Tot  or.     (  Fit f  are  SI. ) 

The  stone  toter  has  a  peculiar  physiognomy  ;  the  Iiead  is  flattened  on  top,  the  in- 
terorbital  space  concave  and  tlie  frontal  l)one  short,  Ijroad  and  tliicl<.  Tlio  body  is 
8ul)-terete,  its  deptli  being  contained  four  and  one-third  times  in  the  lengtli  •with- 
out caudal  or  c«iual  to  lengtli  of  head.  The  eye  is  rather  small,  being  contained 
three  times  in  length  of  snout.  Mouth  large,  lips  well  developed  and  strongly  papil- 
lose. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


27 


Fins  all  large ;  the  dorsal  base  equals  two-thirds  length  of  head,  while  the  pectoral 
is  considerably  longer  than  dorsal.  Caudal  moderately  forked.  Lateral  line  fully 
developed,  on  median  line  of  body.  Scales  moderate,  equal.  D.  11;  A.  7 ;  V.  9 ; 
Scales,  7-52-7.  Specimen  examined,  No.  8446,  United  States  National  Museum, 
from  Cayuga  lake.  New  York. 

The  stone  roller  has  a  wide  distribution  and  a  wonderful  variety  of 
common  names.  Among  them  are  hammer  head,  stone  lugger,  stone 
toter,  crawl-a  bottom,  hog  molly,  hog  mullet,  mud  sucker,  hog  sucker, 
banded  sucker,  large-scaled  sucker  and  black  sucker.  The  name  shoe- 
maker was  formerly  applied  to  this  species  in  Lake  Erie,  perhaps  on 
account  of  the  resemblance  of  its  color  to  that  of  shoemaker's  pitch. 

Prof.  Cope  says  that  this  species  in  Pennsylvania  is  most  abundant  in 
tributaries  of  the  Ohio  and  in  the  Susquehanna,  while  in  the  Delaware 
it  is  uncommon.  It  ranges  from  western  New  York  to  North  Carolina 
and  westward  to  Kansas.  It  is  the  most  remarkable  looking  of  all  the 
suckers  in  Pennsylvania,  and  may  always  easily  be  distinguished  by  the 
shape  of  its  head.  The  species  grows  very  large,  reaching  a  length  of 
two  feet.  It  delights  in  rapid  streams  of  cold,  clear  water.  Its  habit  is 
to  rest  quietly  on  the  bottom,  where  its  color  protects  it  from  observa- 
tion. It  is  sometimes  found  in  small  schools.  The  spawning  season 
is  in  spring  and  the  young  are  found  abundantly  in  small  creeks  as  wisll 
as  in  the  rivers.  The  food  consists  of  insect  larvae  and  small  shells,  and 
it  is  especially  fitted  for  securing  its  prey  under  stones  in  the  rapids. 

As  a  food  fish  this  sucker  has  little  value. 

Genu8  ERIMYZOX  Jordan. 
34.  Erimyzon  sucetta  (Lacepede). 

Tho  Chub  Sucker. 

The  body  of  the  chub  sucker  is  oblong,  rather  deep  and  compressed,  its  depth  one- 
third  of  the  standard  length.  The  head  is  rather  short,  broad  above,  its  length  one- 
fourth  of  total  length  to  caudal.  The  mouth  is  rather  small  and  but  slightly  inferior, 
protractile.  The  eye  iscontained  live  times  in  length  of  head,  and  slightly  less  than 
twice  in  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout  Dorsal  short,  rather  high,  placed  in  middle 
of  length  ;  ventrals  directly  underneath  tlorsjd.  Highest  dorsal  ray  (fourth),  not 
(juite  e(|ual  to  second  anal  ray;  about  two-thirds  length  of  head.  Caudal  slightly 
forked.  No  lateral  line.  D.  11 ;  A.  7  ;  V.  7.  Scales,  37  ;  transverse,  13.  Described 
from  No.  27,867,  United  States  National  Museum,  from  Illinois  ;  length,  nine  inches. 

This  is  known  as  the  chub  sucker,  sweet  sucker,  rounded  sucker,  creek 
fish  and  mullet.  It  has  a  wide  range,  practically  including  all  the  waters 
of  the  United  States  east  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  In  Pennsylvania  it 
inhabits  slow  muddy  streams  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  especially  the 
eastern.  From  the  other  Pennsylvania  suckers  it  may  be  readily  distin- 
guished by  the  absence  of  the  lateral  line.  In  the  South,  notably  in 
Florida,  the  variety  ohlongus,  to  which  the  Pennsylvania  form  belongs, 
is  replaced  by  the  variety  sucetta,  which  is  a  handsomer  fish,  witli  larger 
dorsal  fin,  and  beautiful  striated  scales.     The  chub   sucker  grows  to  a 


28 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


length  of  about  one  foot.  It  is  very  tenacious  of  life,  and  is  a  ready 
biter,  but  has  little  value  for  food.  The  young,  up  to  the  length  of  sev- 
eral inches,  have  a  very  distinct  black  lateral  band.  They  are  often 
found  in  the  shelter  of  water  lillies  and  other  aquatic  plants  close  to 
brackish  waters. 

In  the  market  of  New  York,  according  to  De  Kay,  the  chub  sucker 
makes  its  appearance  in  October,  November  and  December.  Its  food 
consists  of  minute  crustaceans,  insect  larva?  and  aquatic  plants. 

Genus  MINYTREMA  Jordan. 


35.  Minytrema  melanops  Rafinesque. 

The  Striped  Sucker.     (  Fu/ure  S2. ) 

The  striped  sucker  is  robust ;  the  greatest  depth  of  its  body  is  contained  four 
times  in  the  length  without  caudal ;  length  of  head  four  and  one-half  times.  Eye 
moderate,  its  diameter  contained  five  times  in  length  of  head.  The  caudal  peduncle 
is  stout,  its  least  depth  a  little  more  than  twice  in  length  of  head. 

Tlie  mouth  is  of  moderate  size,  and  horizontal  in  position.  D.  12  to  14.  Scales, 
46-13.  The  lateral  line  is  almost  complete  in  adults,  but  absent  in  the  young.  "Color 
dusky,  coppery  below,  a  dusky  blotch  behind  dorsal ;  each  scale  with  a  dark  spot  at 
its  base,  most  distinct  in  adult,  these  forming  longitudinal  stripes ;  male  tuberculate 
in  spring." 

The  striped  sucker,  also  called  soft  sucker,  sand  sucker  and  black- 
nosed  sucker,  is  found  in  the  great  lakes,  and  south  to  South  Carolina 
and  Texas.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to  Lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio 
valley. 

The  striped  sucker  grows  to  a  length  of  eighteen  inches.  Old  males 
have  the  head  tuberculate  in  the  breeding  season  in  the  spring.  The 
species  is  very  readily  distinguished  by  the  dark  stripes  along  the  sides 
produced  by  spots  at  the  base  of  each  scale.  In  the  young  of  this 
sucker  there  is  no  lateral  line,  but  in  adults  it  is  almost  entire. 

This  species  prefers  clear,  sluggish  waters  and  grassy  ponds.  It 
readily  adapts  itself  to  life  in  the  aquarium.  It  feeds  almost  entirely 
on  mollnsks,  insects  and  insect  larv>e.  The  species  is  not  much  esteemed 
as  a  food  fish,  although  it  is  sold  in  large  numbers. 

Genus  MOXOSTOMA  Rafinesque. 

36.  Moxostoma  anisurum  (Rafinesque). 

The  WhIte-noHed  Sueker. 

The  bmly  of  the  white-nosed  sucker  is  elongate,  little  compressed,  slightly  arched 
anteriorly.  Its  depth  is  ccmtained  iliree  and  one-third  times  in  the  lengtli  to  end  of 
scales.  The  head  is  moderately  large,  its  length  being  contained  less  than  four  times 
in  total  length  without  tail-ftn.  Eye  large,  nearly  twice  in  its  distance  from  tip  of 
snout  The  mouth  is  moderate,  with  well-developed  lips.  Snout  ratlier  blunt  and 
scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  mouth.  Fins  all  well  developed.  The  dorsal  fin  is 
large  ;  its  first  ray  is  as  long  as  the  dorsal  l)ase,  or  about  seven-eighths  length  of  head, 
D,  15  ;  A.  7  ;  scales,  r)-43-4.  Tlie  specrimen  described,  No.  10,703,  United  States  National 
Museum,  from  Ohio,  is  sixteen  inches  long. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


29 


The  white-nosed  sucker  is  known  also  as  the  carp  mullet,  small- 
mouthed  red  horse  and  long-tailed  red  horse.  This  sucker  has  a  wide- 
distribution,  occurring  in  the  Great  Lake  region  and  northward,  the 
Ohio  valley  and  the  eastern  states  south  to  North  Carolina.  It  is  not, 
however,  an  abundant  species.  In  Pennsylvania  Prof.  Cope  records  it 
as  common  in  Lake  Erie  and  the  Allegheny  river,  and  generally  con- 
founded by  fishermen  with  the  red  horse  (J/,  macrolepidotum).  The 
white-nosed  sucker  is  a  small  species,  seldom  exceeding  one  foot  in 
length.  It  is  not  a  valuable  food  fish,  and  there  is  nothing  on  record 
concerning  its  habits. 

In  some  North  Carolina  streams  this  is  the  commonest  species  of 
sucker. 

37.  Moxostoma  macrolepidotum  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Red  Horse.      (  Figure  SS. ) 

The  red  horse  has  a  stout  and  more  or  less  rounded  body,  whose  depth  is  one. 
fourth  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  pedun- 
cle is  equal  to  almost  half  length  of  head.  The  head  is  broad,  flattened  above  ;  snout 
blunt,  overpassing  mouth.  The  length  of  the  head  is  contained  four  and  two-thirds 
times  in  the  total  length  without  caudal.  The  eye  equals  about  one-fourth  length 
of  head.  The  moutli  is  large,  with  full  lips,  the  lower  being  especially  well  devel- 
oped. A  line  of  muciferous  pores  connects  the  lateral  line  of  one  side  with  that  of 
the  other  across  the  nape,  and  from  this  line  there  extends  on  either  side  of  the  head 
a  line  which  branches  back  of  the  eye,  and  is  continued  forward  by  two  lines,  one 
above  the  eye,  ending  at  nostrils,  and  one  under  eye,  passing  nostrils  to  tip  of 
snout ;  there  is  still  another  line  of  these  pores  on  lower  margin  of  cheeks. 

The  dorsal  fin  is  short,  its  highest  ray  but  slightly  longer  than  dorsal  base.  Anal 
fin  very  short,  with  long  rays,  the  longest  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  the  base 
of  the  fin,  or  eciualling  length  of  longest  dorsal  ray.     Caudal  forked. 

D.  13  to  14  ;  A.  8.  Scales,  0-15-6.  Des<;ribed  from  No.  12,316,  Ignited  States  National 
Museum,  a  specimen  fourteen  inches  long,  from  the  Potomac  river. 

The  common  red  horse,  known  also  as  the  white  sucker,  mullet  and 
large-scaled  sucker,  is  an  extremely  variable  species  occurring  in  the 
Great  Lake  region,  Chesapeake  Bay  region,  south  to  Georgia  and  Ala- 
bama, and  west  to  Dakota.  It  is  a  large  species  and  reaches  a  length 
of  two  feet.  The  principal  varieties  are  noted  in  Pennsylvania;  one  of 
them,  duquesnei,  is  found  in  the  Ohio  river,  the  other,  macrolepidotum, 
is  common  in  the  Susquehanna,  and  less  abundant  in  the  Delaware.  It 
is  abundant  in  Lake  Erie.  DeKay  described  the  fieh  from  Oneida  lake, 
where  it  is  called  mullet  and  sucker. 

The  red  horse  inhabits  clear  waters  and  ascends  small  streams  in  May 
to  spawn.  As  a  food  fish  it  ranks  low,  but  the  species  is  freely  sold. 
Its  food  consists  principally  of  mollnsks  and  a  small  percentag<^  of 
plants  and  insects.  Minute  crustaceans  also  form  a  small  portion  of 
its  food. 


30 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


31 


38.  Moxostoma  aureolum  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Ciroldeii  Sucker. 

The  body  of  the  golden  sucker  is  oblong,  the  back  in  front  of  the  dorsal  elevated 
and  compressed,  head  short,  conic,  broad  between  eyes.  The  eye  is  rather  large, 
one-fourth  length  of  head,  which  is  contained  Ave  times  in  total  length  without 
caudal.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  three  and  one-half  times  in  this  length. 
Caudal  peduncle  deep,  compressed,  its  least  depth  equal  to  one-half  length  of  head. 
Mouth  small,  the  snout  somewhat  projecting. 

Fins  all  well  developed.  The  anterior  rays  of  dorsal  longest,  as  long  as  dorsal 
base ;  pectoral  and  longest  anal  rays  equalling  length  of  head.  Caudal  forked.  Scales 
large,  about  equal  in  size  all  over  body  and  finely  striated.  D.  15 ;  A.  8 ;  scales, 
6-4(>-6.     Lateral  line  complete. 

Described  from  a  specimen  fifteen  and  one-lialf  inches  long,  No.  31,942,  United 
States  National  Museum,  obtained  in  Lake  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

The  fjolden  sucker  has  the  additional  names  of  lake  mullet,  lake  red 
horse  and  golden  red  horse.  It  inhabits  the  great  lakes  and  the  region 
northward,  also  the  Ohio  valley.  It  is  common  in  Lake  Erie,  but  not 
in  the  Ohio. 

.  This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  eighteen  inches,  and  is  one  of  the 
handsomest  of  the  suckers.  Prof.  Forbes  records  it  from  lakes  of 
northern  Illinois,  also  abundantly  in  the  central  part  of  that  state.  Its 
food,  according  to  this  author,  consists  chiefly  of  moUusks  and  insects. 
Although  freely  eaten  it  has  little  to  recommend  it  for  the  table. 

39.  Moxostoma  crassilabre  (Cope). 

The  Ijoiifc-tailed  Red  Hopkc. 

The  long-tailed  red  liorse  has  a  moderately  elongated  body,  its  depth  contained 
three  and  one-fourth  to  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  length  witliout  caudal. 
The  head  is  short,  forming  one-fifth  or  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  standard  length.  The 
snout  is  i>ointed,  and  overhangs  the  mouth,  which  is  very  small.  The  small  eye  is 
one-fifth  as  long  as  the  head.  The  dorsal  is  high,  the  longest  rays  one  and  one- 
third  to  one  and  one-half  times  the  base  of  the  fin.  The  margin  is  concave,  making 
the  fin  falcate.  The  anal  is  large,  shaped  like  the  dorsal,  its  tip  reaching  beyond 
the  base  of  the  caudal.  The  lobes  of  the  caudal  are  unequal,  the  upper  produced. 
D.  12  to  14 ;  A.  7.  Scales,  5-44-5.  The  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  are  bright  red,  the 
sides  silvery  tinged  with  dusky  above,  some  dark  sjwts  at  the  bases  of  the  scales 
and  the  lower  fins  white. 

The  long-tailed  red  horse  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Ohio  valley,  and 
ranges  southward  to  North  Carolina.  It  is  described  as  having  the 
form  of  a  white-fish,  the  body  deep,  the  head  small  and  with  a  sharply 
conic  and  projecting  snout;  the  lobes  of  the  tail  are  unequal,  the  upper 
one  being  much  the  longer.  This  is  a  handsome  species,  the  sides  sil- 
very with  copper  reflections.  The  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  bright  are  red. 
Prof.  Cope  found  it  in  western  Pennsylvania.  Its  habits  are  doubtless 
similar  to  those  of  other  species  of  the  genus,  but  there  is  nothing  on 
record  about  this  subject,  so  far  as  we  know. 


Genus  PLACOPHARYNX  Cope. 
40.  Placopharynx  carinatus  Cope. 

The  Big-jawetl  Sucker.     (^Figure  ,14.) 

The  big-jawed  sucker  has  the  body  moderately  long,  heavy  forwards,  particularly 
at  the  shoulders,  and  the  tail  comparatively  slender.  The  greatest  depth  equals 
one-fourth  ot  the  total  length  without  the  caudal,  and  the  least  depth  of  the  caudal 
peduncle  is  two-fifths  of  the  greatest  depth.  The  head  is  short,  thick,  with  a  deep 
and  nearly  vertical  snout ;  its  lepgth  is  contained  about  four  and  one-half  times  in  the 
standard  length.  The  snout  is  about  twice  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  more  than  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  head.  The  eye  is  moderate  in  size,  one-fifth  as  long  as  the  head, 
placed  high  ;  the  interorbital  width  one-half  length  of  head.  The  mouth  is  large, 
inferior,  with  strongly  plicate  lips,  the  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  posterior 
nostril.  The  sickle-shaped  pharyngeal  bone  has  about  ten  of  its  teeth  enlarged,  in- 
creasing rapidly  in  size  to  the  lowermost,  the  crowns  of  the  large  teeth  with  a  con- 
cave grinding  surface.  The  dorsal  origin  is  above  the  thirteenth,  and  the  ventral 
origin  below  the  seventeenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  as  long  as 
the  head  without  the  snout,  and  the  longest  ray  is  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  head  ; 
the  last  ray  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  longest.  The  ventral  does  not  reach  nearly  to 
the  vent ;  its  length  equals  two-thirds  that  of  the  head.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the 
thirty-first  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  anal  base  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head; 
the  longest  anal  ray  is  four-liftlis  as  long  as  the  head,  and  nearly  three  times  as  long 
as  the  last  ray.  The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply  forked,  the  middle  rays  about  tM'o- 
fitthsas  long  as  the  external  rays.  The  pectoral  is  large,  its  length  six-sevenths  that 
of  the  head.  D.  ii,  12;  A.  iii,  7;  V.  9 ;  P.  16;  scales,  6-42-5.  Color  in  spirits  pale 
yellowish  brown,  the  fins  paler ;  in  life  brassy  green  above,  the  lower  fins  red. 
Lengtii  of  tlie  specimen  described,  Na  36,090,  United  States  National  Museum,  from 
the  Black  Warrior  river,  13^  inches. 

The  big-jawed  sucker  was,  until  recently,  considered  a  very  rare  fish, 
but  has  been  rediscovered  in  numerous  localities,  and  its  range  is  now 
known  to  extend  from  Ohio  to  Georgia  and  Arkansas.  It  is  a  large- 
scaled  fish  with  a  remarkably  large  mouth.  Its  color  is  brassy  green, 
paler  below,  and  the  ventral  and  anal  fins  are  red.  Externally  there  is 
very  little  to  distinguish  this  sucker  from  some  species  of  buffalo  fish, 
but  the  teeth  in  the  pliarynx  are  very  diflferent  from  those  of  all  other 
suckers.  The  lower  seven  to  twelve  teeth  on  each  side  are  very  large, 
scarcely  compressed,  truncate  and  resembling  in  this  respect  the  teeth 
of  some  of  the  minnows  rather  than  suckers.  Recent  collectors  in  west- 
ern streams  have  found  this  curious  large  sucker  to  be  a  very  common 
fish  in  numerous  localities.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  two  feet,  and  is  ex- 
tensively used  for  food.  According  to  Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes  it  is  probable 
that  the  enlarged  teeth  of  the  pharynx  are  related  to  a  preference  for 
molluscan  food.  In  large  individuals  taken  from  the  Illinois  river. 
Prof.  Forbes  found  the  food  to  consist  of  small  shells  and  insects,  the 
latter  consisting  chiefly  of  the  larvse  of  water  beetles.  Aquatic  plants 
are  occasionally  mixed  with  the  food,  but  probably  by  accident. 


32 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Family  CYPRINID^.     The  Minnows. 
Genus  CAMPOSTOMA  Aoassiz. 
41.  Campostoma  anomalum  (Rafinesque). 

The  Stone  Roller, 

In  the  stone  roller  the  body  is  moderately  stout  and  not  greatly  compressed  ;  the 
caudal  peduncle  is  long  and  deep.  1  he  greatest  depth  of  the  body  is  contained  four 
to  four  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  length  without  the  caudal ;  the  depth  of  the 
caudal  peduncle,  eight  and  one-half  to  nine  times  in  the  same  length.  The  snout  is 
obtuse,  twice  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  two-flfths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  maxilla 
reaches  to  the  vertical  from  the  posterior  nostril,  which  is  more  than  twice  as  far 
from  tip  of  snout  as  from  eye.  Tlie  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  twentietli  scale  of  the 
lateral  line,  and  the  ventral  origin  under  the  nineteenth.  The  dorsal  base  is  one- 
half,  and  its  longest  ray  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly 
to  vent.  The  pectoral  is  one-sixth  of  total  length  without  caudal.  The  anal  origin 
is  under  the  thirty-second  scale  of  the  lateral  line ;  the  anal  base  is  as  long  as  the 
snout,  and  the  longest  ray  equals  the  head,  not  including  the  snout.  The  caudal  is 
moderately  forked.  D.  8 ;  A.  7  or  8 ;  scales,  8-52  to  53-8 ;  teeth,  4-4.  Color  in  spirits 
brownish  above,  lower  parts  pale.  In  living  examples  tlie  scales  are  somewhat 
mottled  with  blackish,  and  there  is  a  dusky  vertical  bar  behind  the  opercle;  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  olivaceous  in  females  and  with  a  nearly  median  dusky  cross-bar. 
Breeding  males  have  the  iris  orange,  the  dorsal  and  anal  tins  crimson,  and  the  head, 
and  sometimes  the  body,  covered  with  large  roundish  tubercles. 

The  stone  roller  is  likewise  called  stone  toter,  stone  luj^ffer  and  steel- 
back  minnow.  It  is  a  fish  of  very  wide  distribution,  rangrin":  from  west- 
ern New  York  to  North  Carolina  and  throughout  the  Ohio  and  Missis- 
sippi valleys  west  to  Minnesota  and  southwest  to  Texas.  It  is  an 
extremely  variable  species,  and  everywhere  common.  It  is,  more- 
over, one  of  the  most  singular  of  American  fishes,  in  having  the  air 
bladder  surrounded  by  numerous  turns  of  the  long  intestine.  In  this 
respect  it  is  unique  among  fishes.  The  stone  roller  grows  to  a  length 
of  eight  inches,  but  has  no  importance  as  food.  It  feeds  upon  aquatic 
plants.  The  young  are  hardy  in  the  aquarium,  where  they  feed  upon 
confervjc  and  diatoms.  The  sexes  are  very  unlike.  The  males  m  the 
breeding  season  have  the  head,  and  frequently  the  entire  body 
covered  with  large  tubercles,  and  the  upper  half  of  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  fiery  orange  and  with  a  dark  cross-bar  about  the  middle  of  these 

fins. 

The  species  is  rather  sluggish,  but  when  frightened  its  movements 
are  very  rapid.     It  is  a  bottom  feeder. 

Genus  CHROSOMUS  Rafinesque. 

42.  Chrosomus  erythroguster  Rafinesque. 

The  Ilea-bellle«l  l>a<'e.    (  Fiffurr  Vo.) 
The  red-bellied  dace  has  a  fusiform,  moderately  elongate  and  thick  liody,  wliose 
greatest  height  is  contained  front  four  and  one-flfth  to  live  times,  antl  the  least  depth 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


83 


of  its  caudal  peduncle  eight  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  length  to  th^  caudal  base. 
The  head  is  conical,  with  pointed  snout  as  long  as  the  eye,  which  is  about  one-fourth 
as  long  as  the  head.  The  head  equals  one-fourth  of  total  length  to  caudal  base.  The 
maxilla  reaches  nearly  to  below  the  front  of  the  eye.  The  lateral  line  varies  in  de- 
velopment, sometimes  reaching  to  above  the  origin  of  the  ventrals,  and  continued 
backward  even  farther  at  intervals,  but  usually  not  extending  to  ventrals.  The 
dorsal  origin  is  over  the  space  between  the  ventral  origin  and  the  vent:  about  thirty- 
nine  rows  of  scales  between  it  and  the  nape.  The  dorsal  base  is  one-half  as  long  as 
the  head  ,  the  longest  ray  equals  head  without  snout.  The  pectoral  reaches  nearly 
to  ventral  origin,  and  the  ventral  reaches  vent.  The  anal  base  is  two-fifths  as  long  as 
the  head;  the  longest  ray  equal  to  longest  of  the  dorsal.  The  caudal  is  moderately 
forked,  its  middle  rays  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  outer.  D.  8;  A.  7  ;  V.  8;  P.  12; 
scales,  18-80  to  85-10;  teeth,  5-5.  Length  of  specimens  described,  from  Yellow  creek, 
three  inches.  A  narrow,  dusky  line  along  the  top  of  the  back.  Two  narrow,  dark 
bands  on  the  sides,  the  lower  one  passing  forward  on  the  head  to  tip  of  snout.  The 
space  between  the  bands  and  below  bright  silvery.  Breeding  males  have  the  bases 
of  the  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  fins,  and  the  area  between  the  dark  bands  scarlet, 
while  the  body  is  covered  with  minute  tubercles,  and  the  fins  generally  are  vivid 
yellow. 

The  red-bellied  minnow  or  dace  is  found  from  Pennsylvania  to  Dakota 
and  Tennessee.  It  is  abundant  in  small  streams  and  is  a  strikingly 
beautiful  fish.  Along  the  sides  are  two  blackish  bands,  one  beginning 
above  the  eye  and  extending  to  the  tail :  another  traverses  the  eye  and 
follows  the  lateral  line  to  the  base  of  the  caudal,  where  it  ends  in  a  black 
spot.  The  belly  and  the  space  between  the  bands  are  bright  silvery, 
replaced  by  scarlet  red  in  breeding  males,  which  have  the  same  color  at 
the  bases  of  the  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  fins.  In  the  height  of  the  breed- 
ing season  the  fins  are  bright  yellow,  and  the  body  is  covered  with  small 
tubercles.  According  to  Prof.  Cope  the  red-bellied  •  minnow  is  not 
found  in  the  Delaware,  but  it  occurs  in  the  Susquehanna,  and  is 
common  in  the  streams  of  western  Pennsylvania.  It  reaches  a  length 
of  three  inches,  and  is  similar  in  its  habits  to  the  stone  roller,  with 
which  it  associates.  It  prefers  clear  streams,  which  have  their  origin  in 
springs.  As  an  aquarium  fish  this  is  scarcely  excelled  in  beauty  and 
hardiness,  and  as  a  bait  for  the  black  bass  it  has  few  superiors. 

Genus  HYBOGNATHUS  Aoassiz. 


43.  Hybognathus  nuchalis  Aoassiz. 

The  Silvery  Minnow. 

The  silvery  minnow  has  a  moderately  stout  and  short  body  as  compared  with  its 
eastern  representative  (//.  r»v/i«.H),  the  greatest  height  equalling  one-fourth  of  the 
total  length  witliout  the  caudal,  and  the  least  depth  of  the  short  caudal  peduncle 
equallingnearly  one-half  of  the  greatest  depth  of  the  body.  The  body  is  compressed, 
its  greatest  width  less  than  one-half  its  iteight  The  head  is  short,  its  upper  and 
lower  profiles  tapering  equally  into  the  sliort  and  not  very  obtuse  snout,  wliich  is  as 
long  as  the  eye,  and  three-cleventhsas  long  as  the  head.  The  mouth  issmall,  slightly 
obli(|[ue,  with  jaws  nearly  equal,  or,  the  lower  slightly  inc^luded,  the  iimxilla  with- 
out a  barbel,  aud  reacliing  to  below  the  anterior  nostril.    The  dorsal  origin  is  over, 

3  Fishes. 


34 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


and  the  ventral  origin  under,  the  twelfth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.    The  base  of  the 
dorsal  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  tlie  head  ;  the  longest  ray  equals  the  distance  from  the 
nostrils  to  the  end  of  the  operculum,  and  the  last  ray  is  less  than  one-half  as  long  as 
the  longest     The  ventral  does  not  reach  to  the  vent;  its  length  two-thirds  that  of  the 
head     The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  base 
of  the  tin  is  scarcely  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head;  the  last  ray  is  one- 
third,  and  the  longest  ray  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head.    The  pectoral  is  four-fatths 
as  long  as  the  head,  and  reaches  to  below  the  eleventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line.    The 
caudal  is  moderate  in  size  and  deeply  forked,  the  middle  rays  less  than  one-half  as 
long  as  the  external  rays.     D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  7  ;  V.  8 ;  P.  15 ;  scales.  (>-38  to  39-4 ;  teeth 
4-4  long  much  compressed,  and  with  a  long  oblique  grinding  surface.    The  lateral 
line  is  gently  decurved  on  about  the  first  six  scales,  thence  straight  and  median  to 
the  root  of  the  caudal  tin.     Color  in  spirits  light  brown  with  a  broad  silvery  band, 
the  tins  all  pale.     The  specimens  described,  No.  36,461,  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum,  from  the  Saline  river,  Benton,  Ark.,  are  three  and  one-half  to  three  and  three- 
fourths  inches  long. 

The  silvery  minnow,  or  blunt  jaw,  according:  to  the  present  interpreta- 
tion of  the  species,  occurs  from  New  Jersey  to  South  Carolina,  west  to 
Dakota,  and  southwest  to  Texas.  In  the  Potomac  river  there  is  a  larc-e 
variety,  described  by  Girard  as  H.  regius,  which  reaches  a  lenorth  of 
seven  inches.  This  variety  has  the  body  deeper  and  the  eye  larger 
than  in  the  western  form.    The  largest  individuals  recorded  were  nine 

inches  long. 

This  species  spawns  in  the  early  spring,  and  is  extensively  used  for 
food  along  with  the  Notrojjis  hudsonim,  spawn-eater,  or  so-called  smelt 
or  gudgeon. 

44.  Hybognathus  regius  Girard. 

The  Smelt  Minnow. 

The  smelt  minnow  has  a  rather  elongate  body,  witli  the  head  small  and  the  snout 
short  and  blunt    The  greatest  depth  is  contained  from  four  to  four  and  one-third 
times,  and  the  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  nearly  ten  times  in  the  total  lenjiih 
to  base  of  caudal.     The  snout  is  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  two-sevenths  as  long  as  the 
head     The  width  of  the  space  between  the  eyes  is  nearly  one  and  one-naif  times  the 
length  of  the  eye.    The  maxilla  reaches  to  tlie  vertical  through  the  hind  edge  of  the 
posterior  nostril.    The  lower  jaw  is  received  within  the   upper.     No  barbel.    The 
head  is  two-ninths  of  total  length  to  base  of  caudal.     The  dorsal  origin  is  above  the 
fourteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  and  immediately  over  the  ventral  origin.    The 
anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-sixth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.    The  length  of  the  dor- 
sal base  equals  that  of  the  snout  and  eye  combined;  the  longest  dorsal  ray  equals 
nearly  one-fifth  of  total  to  base  of  caudal.    The  pectoral  reaches  to  below  the  elev- 
enth, and  the  ventral  to  the  tweiity-third  scale  of  the  lateral  line.     The  anal  base  is 
as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head  ;  the  longest  anal  ray  equals  head  without 
snout    The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply  forked,  its  middle  rays  less  than  one-hall  as 
long  as  the  outer.     D.  8;  A.  8;  V.  9;  P.  15;  scales,   *-40-6 ;  teeth,   4-4.     Length  of 
specimen  described,  from  the  Potomac  river,  five  and  five-eighths  inches.     Color  in 
life  greenish  above,  paler  below,  the  sides  with  a  broad  silvery  band  ;  in  spirits  the 
upper  parts  become  light  brown.    The  fins  are  unitormly  pale. 

This  large  variety  of  the  silvery  minnow  is  sometimes  called  smelt 
minnow.  It  occurs  in  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  its  probable  occur- 
rence in  the  Susquehanna  is  mentioned  by  Prof.  Cope.    It  reaches  a 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


35 


length  of  seven  inches,  and  is  highly  prized  as  a  food  fish.  This  min- 
now takes  the  hook  very  freely  early  in  the  spring,  when  gravid  females 
are  extremely  common. 

I  have  placed  this  as  a  variety  of  H.  niicltaUs  in  deference  to  the 
views  of  Dr.  Jordan,  although  it  appears  to  me  sufficiently  distinct  to 
retain  the  name  applied  to  it  by  Girard.  It  is  highly  probable  that  the 
silvery  minnow  which  Prof.  Cope  describes  in  the  report  for  1879-80  is 
the  variety  just  mentioned.  It  has  been  found  in  the  Raritan  by  Dr. 
Abbott,  in  the  spring,  associated  with  the  smelt,  and  Prof.  Cope  justly 
believes  that  it  will  be  found  in  the  Delaware. 


Genus  PIMBPHALES  RAriNEsguE. 
45.  Pimephales  promelas  Rafinesque. 

The  Fat-head  Mhinow. 

The  fat-head  minnow  has  a  short,  deep  and  moderately  thick  body,  and  the  head 
short  with  a  very  ol)tuse  snout.  The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  is  equal  to  or 
slightly  greater  than  length  o»"  head,  and  is  contained  from  three  and  two-thirds  to 
tour  and  one-fourth  times  in  total  length  without  caudal.  The  least  depth  of  the 
caudal  peduncle  equals  the  length  of  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head.  The  head 
forms  about  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  to  base  of  caudal ;  the  width  of  the  head 
equals  two-thirds  of  its  length.  The  eye  is  as  long  as  the  snout  and  two-ninths  as 
long  as  the  head.  The  mouth  is  very  small,  terminal,  slightly  oblique,  tlie  maxilla 
not  reaching  vertical  through  hinder  nostril.  Th©  dorsal  origin  is  above,  and  the 
ventral  origin  below  the  twenty-first  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  I)a8e  is 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head  ;  tlie  first  ray  is  about  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  the  long- 
est as  long  as  the  head  without  the  snout  The  ventral  reaches  a  little  beyond  the 
anal  origin  ;  its  length  equal  to  dorsal  base.  The  anal  base  equals  nearly  one-half 
length  of  head,  and  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  dorsal  base.  The  caudal  is  mod- 
erate and  not  deeply  forked.  The  lateral  line  is  continuous  on  about  twentv  to 
twenty-eight  scales,  and  in  one  specimen  continued  with  interruptions  almost  to  the 
caudal  base.  D.  i,  8;  A.  i,  7  ;  V.  8 ;  P.  18;  scales,  9-45  to  49-6;  teeth,  4-4.  Length 
of  specimens  described,  three  inches.  Color  in  spirits  light  brown,  top  and  sides  of 
head  darker.  A  broad  dark  l)and  on  the  l)ase  of  the  dorsal,  most  distinct  anteriorly 
and  sometimes  absent  behind.  Males  in  spring  are  dusky,  with  black  head,  and 
the  snout  an<i  <*hin  with  numerous  coarse  tubercles. 

The  fat-head  or  black-head  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Ohio  valley  and  the 
Great  Lake  region  west  to  Dakota  and  southwest  to  Texas.  It  is  com- 
mon in  sluggish  brooks,  and  instances  have  been  known  of  its  distribu- 
tion by  the  action  of  cyclones.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  common  in  tribu- 
taries of  the  Ohio. 

The  fat-head  grows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  inches.  The 
sexes  differ  in  color,  the  females  being  olivaceous,  while  the  males  are 
dusky,  and  in  the  spring  have  the  head  black  and  tlie  snout  covered 
with  numerous  large  tubercles.  The  species  has  no  value  as  food,  but 
it  is  an  interesting  one  for  the  aquarium.  Its  food  consists  of  mud  and 
algae,  and  it  seems  to  prefer  a  muddy  bottom. 


36 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


46.  Pimephales  notatus  Rafinesque. 

The  Blunt-nosed  Minnow. 

The  blunt-nosed  minnow  has  a  moderately  elongate  body  and  a  slender  caudal 
peduncle.  The  liead  is  somewhat  corneal  with  a  short  and  blunt  snout.  The  great- 
est depth  of  the  body  nearly  etjuals  length  of  head,  and  is  two-ninths  of  total  length 
without  caudal.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  about  one-half  of  the 
greatest  depth  of  body.  The  snout  is  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  one-tourth  as  long  as 
the  head.  The  mouth  is  very  small,  inferior,  nearly  horizontal,  Uie  maxilla  reach- 
ing to  below  the  anterior  nostril  and  provided  with  a  short,  thick,  somewhat  club- 
shaped  barbel.  The  dorsal  origin  is  slightly  behind  the  ventral  origin  and  over  the 
seventeenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head, 
and  about  equal  to  the  longest  dorsal  ray.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  sixteenth 
scale  of  the  lateral  line  :  the  fln  does  not  reach  to  the  vent.  The  anal  origin  is  under 
the  twenty-seventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  base  of  the  anal  is  two-tilths  as  long 
as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  is  equal  to  pofetorbital  part  of  the  head.  The  caudal 
is  moderately  large  and  forked.  The  lateral  line  curves  very  slightly  downward  as 
far  as  the  ventral  origin,  and  then  follows  straight  along  the  median  line  ;  it  is  com- 
plete. D.  i,  8 ;  A.  i,  7  ;  V.  8;  P.  15  ;  scales,  G-42  to  45-5  ;  teeth,  4-4.  Length  of  speci- 
mens described,  three  inches.  Color  in  spirits  light  brown  ;  the  flns,  except  the 
dorsal  paler.  .\  black  spot  about  as  large  as  the  eye  on  the  front  of  the  dorsal.  In 
life  the  sides  are  bluish.  Breeding  males  have  the  black  on  the  dorsal  continued 
backward  on  the  membrane  covering  the  rays  and  the  head  black,  while  the  snout 
has  about  fourteen  to  seventeen  large  pointed  tubercles.  A  dusky  shade  sometimes 
present  at  base  of  caudal. 

The  blunt-nosed  minnow  is  a  larger  species  than  the  fat-head,  reach- 
ing a  length  of  four  inches,  and  its  range  extends  from  Quebec  to 
Delaware,  west  to  Kansas  and  south  to  Mississippi.  It  diflters  from  the 
fat-head  in  having  a  complete  lateral  line,  but  the  sexual  differences  in 
this  species  are  similar  to  those  in  the  fat-head.  The  males  in  spring 
have  the  head  black  and  the  snout  with  many  large  tubercles.  The 
species  is  extremely  variable  and  changes  greatly  with  age.  It  fre- 
quents small  and  muddy  streams,  and  its  food  consists  of  decaying 
vegetable  matter. 

Genus  EXOGLOSSUM  Kafinesque. 

47.  ExoKlossum  maxillingua  (Le  Sueub). 

Thel'ut-IipHor  <'hul>.  (Fiflure  :<»!.) 
The  cut-lips  has  a  stout,  short  and  thick  Ixxly,  its  greatest  height  nearly  equal  to 
the  length  of  the  head,  and  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal.  The  caudal  pe- 
duncle is  short  and  deep,  its  least  depth  about  one-half  head.  The  snout  is  short 
•iud  obtuselv  conical,  its  length  somewhat  greater  than  the  eye,  and  nearly  etiual  to 
one-third  of  the  head.  The  maxilla  reaches  to  below  the  nostrils,  its  length  equal- 
ling that  of  the  snout.  Head  four  and  one-fifth  in  total  to  base  of  <Hudal.  The  dor- 
sal origin  is  nearly  over  the  anal  origin,  and  in  the  vertical  through  the  twenty- 
third  scale  ot  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  head, 
and  its  longest  rav  eciuals  twice  the  distan«e  from  the  dorsal  origin  to  middle  of 
eve  The  pectoral  is  about  as  long  as  the  longest  dorsal  ray,  and  the  ventral  roa<-hes 
to  tiie  anal  origin.  The  base  of  the  anal  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  longest  anal  ray. 
The  caudal  is  moderately  forked.  D.  8 ;  A.  7  ;  scales,  y-54-C. ;  teeth,  1,  4-4,  1.  Length 
of  specimen    described,  four  and  three-fourths  inches,  from  Taconia.  1>.  C     Color 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


87 


brown  or  olivaceous,  darker  above  ;  a  short  and  narrow  dark  bar  above  root  of  pec- 
toral ;  young  with  a  dusky  bar  at  the  caudal  base.  Fins  dusky,  their  extremities 
pale. 

The  cut-lips  may  be  readily  distinguished  by  the  three-lobed  lower  jaw,  the  den- 
tary  bones  being  closely  united  and  the  lower  lip  represented  by  a  llesby  lobe  on 
each  side  of  the  mandible. 

The  chub  is  known  as  cut  lips,  butter  chub,  nigger  chub  and  day 
chub.  It  is  a  very  common  species  in  the  Susquehanna  and  its  tribu- 
taries, and  is  considered  a  good  pan  fish.  Its  range  is  not  extensive, 
reaching  only  from  western  New  York  to  Virginia.  It  grows  to  a  length 
of  six  inches,  and  may  be  at  once  distinguished  from  all  of  the  other  min- 
nows by  its  three-lobed  lower  jaw.  It  is  believed  that  this  singular 
structure  of  the  mouth  enables  the  fish  to  scrape  mollusks  from  their 
hold  on  rocks,  as  its  stomach  usually  contains  small  shell  fish.  The 
chub  bites  readily  at  a  baited  hook,  and  is  therefore  highly  prized  by 
boys. 

Genus  NOTROPIS  Rafinesque. 
48.  Notropis  bifrenatus  (Cope). 

The  Bridled  Minnow. 
[Hybopsis  bifk'enatus  Copk,  Cypr.  Pennsylvania,  1866,  page  384.] 

"Color  above  straw,  the  scales  delicately  brown-edged,  below  impure  white,  with 
a  narrow  black  line  along  base  of  anal  tin  to  caudal.  Along  each  side  from  caudal 
fin  around  the  end  of  muzzle,  including  the  end  of  tlie  mandible,  a  shining  black 
band  one  and  one-half  scales  in  width.  This  is  bordered  above  on  the  muzzle,  form- 
ing an  arc  from  orbit  to  orbit,  by  an  orange  band,  which  is  strongly  margined  above 
by  the  brown  of  the  top  «)f  the  front.  Opercular  and  suborbital  regions  below  the 
black  band,  pure  silvery. 

Front  convex  between  the  orbits;  length  of  muzzle  equal  diameter  of  iris  band 
and  pupil,  sometimes  nearly  ecpial  orbit.  Iris  colored  in  continuation  of  the  lateral 
band.  The  lateral  line  rarely  extends  half  way  to  the  dorsal  tin,  while  the  pores  of 
the  same  may  be  observed  at  the  bases  of  the  scales  for  half  the  remaining  length  of 
the  animal.  Length  of  the  largest  specimen,  nineteen  lines;  breadth  of  muzzle  at 
nares  one  and  five-tenth  lines.     Radii  of  the  scales  strong." 

This  little  minnow  has  no  common  name,  and  it  attains  to  a  length  of 
only  two  inches.  It  is  found  from  Massachusetts  to  Maryland,  and  in 
the  tributaries  of  the  Delaware  it  is  abundant.  The  body  is  light  olive 
or  sometimes  straw-colored,  and  there  is  a  jet  black  band  along  the  side, 
making  tiiis  a  very  conspicuous  little  fish.  It  is  a  useful  bait  for  game 
fishes,  particularly  the  black  bass. 


49.  Notropis  procne  (Cope). 

The  Shiner. 

This  little  minnow  lias  a  short,  slender  and  compressed  body  and  a  very  slender 
caudal  peduncle.  The  greatest  depth  at  Die  dorsal  origin  equals  the  lengtii  of  tlie 
head,  wliicli  is  about  one-fourth  of  tlie  total  witiiout  caudal.  In  some  <lescribed 
specimens  the  head  is  contained  four  and  three-fourths  times  and  the  depth  of  the 
body  five  and  one-fourth  times  in  tlio  total  lengtii  without  caudal.     The  snout  is 


38 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLl'ANIA. 


sliort  and  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  eye,  which  is  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  liead.  The 
mouth  is  terminal  and  small,  the  maxilla  not  reaching  to  front  of  eye,  and  the  jaws 
equal.  The  lateral  line  is  gently  curved  downward  over  the  pectoral,  and,  in  the 
specimen  examined,  becomes  interrupted  in  its  posterior  half.  The  dorsal  origin  is 
over  the  twelfth  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  and  nearly  over  the  ventral  origin.  The 
dorsal  liase  is  a  little  more  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  is 
as  long  as  the  head.  The  ventral  reaches  to  the  anal  origin.  The  anal  base  is  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  anal  ray  is  four-fifths  as  long  as  the  head. 
The  caudal  is  moderately  forked.  D.  8 ;  A.  7  ;  V.  8 ;  P.  13 ;  scales,  5-32  to  34-3 ; 
teeth,  4-4.  I^ength  of  specimen  described,  from  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.,  two  and  one- 
fourth  inches.  Color  in  spirits  light  brown,  the  belly  pale  and  lower  half  of  head 
silvery.  A  narrow  dark  line  along  the  top  of  the  back,  and  a  narrow  dark  median 
band  continued  forward  on  the  nose.     Fins  all  pale. 

The  shiner  is  found  from  western  New  York  to  Maryland.  Prof.  Cope 
found  it  abundant  in  the  tributaries  of  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna, 
in  slow  moving-  streams.    It  reaches  a  leng-th  of  two  and  one-half  inches. 

This  minnow  is  olivaceous,  with  a  dark  lateral  band.  The  tail  is  long, 
which  suggests  the  specific  name  proem,  a  kind  of  swallow.  This  little 
fish  is  suitable  foi  the  aquarium,  and  is  an  excellent  bait  for  game  fishes. 

50.  Notropis  hudsonius  (Clinton). 

The  Spawn  F^ater. 

The  spawn-eater  has  a  moderately  elongate  and  compressed  body,  its  greatest 
height  contained  four  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  length  without  caudal,  and 
about  equal  to  length  of  head.  The  head  is  conical,  with  short,  blunt  snout  equal 
to  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  which  is  contained  three  and  one-half  times  in  the  length 
of  the  head.  The  space  Itetween  the  eyes  equals  lengtli  of  postorbital  part  of  head. 
Mouth  small,  nearly  horizontal,  the  lower  jaw  very  slightly  the  shorter,  the  max- 
illa reaching  the  vertical  through  the  posterior  nostril.  The  lateral  line  is  slightly 
curved  downward  ov&r  the  pectoral,  straight  and  median  for  the  rest  of  its  course. 
The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  over,  and  of  the  ventral  under  the  thirteenth  scale  of  the 
lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray 
as  long  as  the  head.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly  or  «iuite  to  the  vent  The  anal  ori- 
gin is  under  the  twenty-fourth  scale  of  tlie  lateral  line  ;  the  anal  base  is  one-half,  and 
the  longest  anal  ray  four-fifths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply 
forked,  its  middle  rays  one-half  as  long  as  the  outer.  D.  8  ;  A.  8  or  9;  V.  8;  P.  14  ; 
scales,  7-38-5 ;  teeth  2,  4-4,  1  or  2,  with  a  narrow  grinding  surface  on  at  least  two. 
Length  of  specimens  described,  from  Washington,  D.  C,  three  and  one-half  to  four 
and  one-fourth  inches.  Color  in  spirits  pale  brown,  the  fins  and  all  of  head  except 
upper  surface  pale  ;  a  l>road  median  silvery  band,  its  greatest  width  about  e<iual  to 
diameter  of  eye ;  a  dusky  spot  at  the  root  of  the  caudal  in  the  young. 

The  spawn-eater  is  said  to  occur  from  Lake  Superior  to  New  York 
and  southward.  In  Pennsylvania  begins  a  form  elsewhere  described  as 
N.  arnarus,  which  diffei-s  in  the  structure  of  the  pliaryngeal  teeth.  The 
spawn-eater  attains  a  length  of  ten  inches;  it  is  olivaceous  and  some- 
times has  a  band  along  the  side.  The  young  have  a  round  black  spot 
at  the  base  of  the  caudal  fin.  The  teeth  of  this  minnow  are  usually  four 
in  the  principal  row,  and  two  in  the  inner  row. 

This  minnow  does  not  much  frequent  small  streams,  but  is  abundant 
in  the  Delaware  river  and  also  in  Lake  Erie. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


39 


51.  Notropis  amarus  Girard. 

The  Gudgeon  or  Smelt.     {Fvjure  S7.) 

The  gudgeon  has  a  moderately  elongate  and  compressed  body  and  a  slender 
caudal  peduncle.  The  greatest  depth  equals  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  to  base 
of  caudal,  and  the  least  depth  of  the  peduncle  equals  the  length  of  the  postorbital 
part  of  head.  The  head  is  ratlier  short,  witli  an  obtuse  short  snout ;  the  length  of 
the  head  is  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  total  to  base  of  caudal.  The  snout  is  one-fourth, 
and  the  eye  one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  The  maxilla  extends  to  the  vertical 
through  the  front  of  the  eye ;  the  lower  jaw  is  slightly  included  ;  the  mouth  is 
slightly  oblique.  Tlio  width  of  the  head  equals  nearly  two-thirds  of  its  length.  The 
distance  l»ctween  the  eyes  efjuals  the  length  of  the  orbit  The  dorsal  origin  is  over, 
and  the  ventral  origin  under  the  tenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  length  of  the 
dorsal  base  equals  two-thii*ds  that  of  the  head,  and  the  longest  dorsal  ray  is  four-fifths 
as  long  as  the  head.  The  anal  base  is  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head,  and 
the  longest  ray  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly 
to  the  vent  and  the  pectoral  to  below  the  eighth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  lateral 
line  is  very  slightly  bent  downward  over  the  pectoral.  The  caudal  is  moderate  in 
size  and  deeply  forked.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  7  ;  V.  8  ;  P.  15 ;  scales,  6-.36  to  39-4  ;  teeth,  1, 
4-4,  1  or  1,  4-4,  0  in  the  example  described,  from  the  Susquehanna  river,  length  four 
and  one-fourth  inches.  The  teeth  are  slightly  hooked,  and  two  or  three  on  each  side 
have  a  developed  grinding  surface.  The  color  in  spirits  is  light  brown,  the  sides  of 
body  and  lower  half  of  head  silvery  ;  the  young  have  a  dusky  median  lateral  band, 
which  is  sometimes  continued  on  the  snout,  and  a  more  or  less  distinct  small  dark 
blotch  at  the  base  of  the  caudal.    The  fins  are  all  pale. 

The  gudgeon  or  smelt  of  Pennsylvania  is  a  variety  of  N.  hudsonius 
of  Clinton,  which  ranges  from  Lake  Superior  to  New  York,  and  south 
in  streams  east  of  the  AUeghenies  to  Georgia.  The  southern  form  is 
the  variety  amarus  of  Girard,  which  exhibits  some  difference  in  its 
pharyngeal  teeth.  The  species  is  an  extremely  variable  one.  It  grows 
to  a  length  of  about  eight  inches.  Prof.  Cope  records  it  as  abundant  in 
the  Su8(juehaniia,  especially  in  the  lower  part  of  the  river. 

This  is  a  handsome  silvery  fish,  and  is  as  much  used  for  food  as  its 
associate,  the  silvery  minnow.  The  name  spawn-eater,  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  it,  indicates  that  the  species  is  destructive  to  the  eggs  of  other 
fishes. 

The  N.  amarus  is  abundant  in  lake  Erie,  and  grows  to  a  large  size, 
and  is  known  there  as  the  lake  minnow.  It  is  not  common  in  small 
streams. 

52.  Notropis  whipplei  Giharp. 

The  Silver  Fin. 

The  silver-fin  has  a  moderately  elongate  body,  which  is  fusiform  in  the  adult 
The  caudal  peduncle  is  sliort  and  stout.  The  depth  of  the  body  at  the  ventral  fin 
equals  nearly  onc-fourtli  of  the  total  length  to  the  <-audal  base.  The  head  is  conical, 
compressed  and  with  a  pointed  snout  a  little  longer  than  the  eye,  wiiich  is  two-ninths 
as  long  as  the  liead.  The  mouth  is  nioderate,  terminal,  slightly  oblique,  the  jaws 
nearly  c«iual,  the  maxilla  rea<'liing  to  vertical  through  front  of  eye.  The  head  is 
two-ninths  of  total  length  without  ("Hudal.  The  clorsal  origin  is  a  little  Itchind  the 
ventral  origin,  and  over  the  fifteenth  scale  of  tli(>  lateral  line.  The  length  of  the  dor- 
sal base  equals  one-seventh  of  the  total  without  caudal,  antl  the  longest  ray  is  as 


40 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVAXIA. 


long  as  the  head  without  the  snout.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly  to  the  anal.  Tho 
anal  begins  under  the  twenty-first  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  its  Imse  is  as  long  as  iho 
dorsal  base,  and  its  longest  ray  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head.  The  caudal 
is  large  and  moderately  forked.  The  lateral  lino  curves  downward  over  the  pec- 
toral. D.  8;  A.  9;  V.  8;  P.  14;  scales,  H-38  to  41-4;  teeth,  1,  4-4,  1,  with  more  or 
less  serrate  edges.  Length  of  specimen  described,  from  the  Suscjuehanna  river, 
four  inches.  In  spirits  tho  back  is  brown,  the  sides  dull  silvery,  tho  scales  with  a 
dusky  marjjin,  and  the  lower  parts  are  whitish.  A  narrow  and  long  black  blotch  on 
the  membrane  between  the  sixth  and  seventh,  and  another  between  the  seventh  and 
eighth  dorsal  rays.  Lower  fins  pale.  Males  in  spring  have  the  fins  partly  or  wholly 
charged  with  white  pigment,  and  in  the  height  of  the  breeding  season  tlie  pigment 
in  the  dorsal  has  a  greenish  tint,  and  the  top  of  the  head  and  snout  is  covered  with 
minute  tubercles. 

The  silver  fin  ranges  from  western  New  York  to  Virg-inia  and  west  to 
Minnesota  and  Arkansas.  It  is  a  common  species  and  a  variable  one. 
It  reaches  a  leng-th  of  four  inches.  In  Pennsylvania  it  occurs  in  all  the 
rivers  and  creeks,  but,  according  to  Prof.  Cope,  is  least  common  in  tribu- 
taries of  the  Delaware. 

It  is  one  of  our  finest  minnows  for  the  aquarium,  and  is  useful  as  food 
and  bait  for  larger  fishes. 

53.  Notropis  xnegalops  RAFixEagrE. 

The  Roti^h  Head. 

The  rough-head  when  young  has  the  body  moderately  elongate,  but  it  becomes  deeper 
with  age,  and  much  compressed.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  short,  and  its  depth  equals 
length  of  postorbital  part  of  head.  The  depth  of  the  body  at  the  ventral  is  contained 
tliree  and  one-third  to  four  times  in  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.  The  head 
is  short,  deep  and  thin,  its  lengtli  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal,  its  width 
about  one-half  its  length.  The  eye  is  as  long  as  the  snout,  and  two-seventha  as  long 
as  tho  head.  Mouth  moderate,  ternnnal,  oldiepie,  the  maxilla  reachmg  about  to  ver- 
tical through  front  of  eye.  Tho  dorsal  origin  is  over,  and  tho  ventral  origin  under 
the  twelfth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  length  of  tho  dorsal  base  equals  one-seventh 
of  tho  total  witliout  the  caudal,  and  its  longest  ray  one-flfth  of  the  same  length.  The 
ventral  reaches  nearly  or  quite  to  vent.  Tlie  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-third 
scale  of  tne  lateral  line.  The  anal  l>aHe  is  one-half,  and  the  longest  ray  two-thirds  as 
long  as  tho  head.  The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply  forked.  The  lateral  line  descemls 
in  a  long  curve,  becoming  straight  and  median  over  the  anal  origin.  D.  8 ;  A.  9 ;  V. 
8;  P.  15  ;  scales,  7-40  to  41-4  ;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  2,  with  narrow  grinding  surface.  Length 
of  specimens  «lescribed,  from  four  to  four  and  one-half  inches. 

This  is  the  common  shiner,  and  has  received  the  additional  names  of 
red-fin,  dace  and  rough-head.  The  species  is  very  widely  distributed, 
and  is  extremely  variable,  and  as  a  consequence  some  geographical 
races  have  received  distinct  names.  It  extends  from  Maine  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  but  is  absent  from  the  Carolinas  and  Texas.  It  grows  to  a 
length  of  eight  inches. 

The  upper  parts  of  this  fish  are  steel  blue,  and  the  scales  are  dusky  at 
the  edge  and  base.  The  sides  are  silvery,  overlaid  with  a  gilt  line; 
there  is  another  gilt  band  along:  the  back.  The  belly  is  silvery,  except 
in  spring  males,  in  which  it  is  a  bright  rosy  color.  The  male,  in  the 
breeding  season,  has  the  lower  jaw  and  the  top  of  the  head  and  nape 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


41 


covered  with  small  tubercles.  In  the  breeding  condition  this  is  a  very 
handsome  species,  although  the  females  and  young  lack  the  bright  col- 
ors of  the  adult  male.  In  Pennsylvania  the  species  is  common  every- 
where, and  is  best  known  under  the  name  of  red-fin.  It  reaches  a  very 
large  size  in  Lake  Erie.  It  has  no  value  except  as  food  and  bait  for 
more  valuable  fishes,  especially  the  black  bass  and  pike-perch.  The 
flesh  is  very  soft  and  cannot  be  kept  loug  after  death. 

The  shiner  runs  into  small  brooks,  and  is  most  abundant  in  eddies 
and  other  quiet  portions  of  the  streams. 

54.  Notropis  chalybaeus  (Cope). 

The  Pigmy  Minnow. 

[Hybopsis  chalybaeus  Cope.    Cyprini<l»  of  Pennsylvania,  1866,  page  38.3.] 

"  Head  three  and  eight-tenths  (sometimes  four)  times  in  length  to  base  of  caudal ; 
length  of  latter  equal  from  opercular  margin  to  nares.  Muzzle  shorter  than  diame- 
ter of  orbit,  slightly  acuminate,  and  exceeded  by  tip  of  mandible  when  viewed  from 
above;  head  rtatal)Ove,  less  angulate  on  temporal  regions  than  many  species,  the 
superior  plane  narrower  there  than  between  the  orbits  ;  supraopercular  region  ob- 
lique. Teeth  :5lightly  hooked,  masticatory  surface  well  marked,  upper  tooth  nearly 
opposite  angle  of  the  ala.  Dorsal  fin  elevated,  with  eight  rays,  a  very  little  behind 
above  ventrals  ;  latter  pointed,  reaching  anal.  Anal  slightly  elongate,  exceptionally 
with  nine  rays ;  pectorals  pointed,  not  reaching  ventrals.  Superior  outline  rising 
to  dorsal  fin,  then  immediately  descending,  forming  with  the  nearly  parallel  ventral 
line,  the  elongate  caudal  pedun(!le.    Caudal  peduncle  deeply  forked. 

"The  broad,  burnished,  black  lateral  band  does  not  descend  below  the  lateral  line  on 
the  middle  of  the  body ;  it  occupies  one  and  two  half  rows  of  scales.  Above  it  on  head 
and  body  the  color  is  fulvous  brown,  excepting  a  straw-colored  crescent  from  orbit 
to  orbit  round  the  nose  ;  terminal  half  ot  mandible  black  ;  sides  of  head  below,  sil- 
very ;  of  body,  straw-colored  ;  no  distinct  vertebral  stripe,  or  spots  on  tins. 

"This  is  a  very  small  species,  nearly  the  smallest  of  tlie  Cyprinidic  ;  a  specimen  be- 
fore me,  apparently  full  grown,  measures  only  one  inch,  eight  and  five-tenths  lines 
in  total." 

The  pigmy  minnow  inhabits  the  Delaware  river,  and  grows  to  a  length 
of  only  two  inches  The  Latin  name  signifies  steel-colored.  The  fish  is 
brown  with  a  jet  black  lateral  band,  and  in  the  male  the  lower  parts  are 
orange. 

Prof.  Cope  found  this  species  in  tributaries  of  the  Delaware,  espe- 
cially in  dams  and  ponds.  The  shining  black  lateral  band  makes  this  a 
conspicuous  little  fish. 

66.  Notropis  jejunus  Forbes. 

The  Hungry  Minnow. 

This  minnow  has  a  stoutlsh  and  not  very  long  body,  with  a  short  and  rather 
heavy  caudal  peduncle.  Tho  greatest  depth  equals  two-ninths  of  the  total  length  to 
the  caudal  I'ase  ;  the  least  depth  of  the  peduncle  e<iuals  length  of  iwstorbjtal  part  of 
head.  The  head  is  moderate;  the  snout  very  short  and  blunt,  its  length  about  two- 
thirds  that  of  tho  eye.  The  eye  is  nearly  one-third  as  long  as  tho  head.  The  mouth 
Is  moderate  in  size,  oblirjue,  the  lower  Jaw  slightly  included,  and  tho  maxilla  reach- 
ing to  below  the  front  of  tho  eye.     The  head  is  one-fourth  of  total  length  to  base  of 


42 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


caudal ;  its  width  equals  one-half  of  its  length,  and  the  width  of  the  space  between 
the  eyes  e(iuals  two-fifths  lengtli  of  head.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over,  and  the  ventral 
origin  under  the  thirteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  as  long  as 
the  postorbital  part  of  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  head  without 
tlie  snout.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly  to  the  vent,  which  is  under  the  twenty-first 
scale  of  the  lateral  line.  Tiie  pectoral  reaches  to  below  the  ninth  or  tenth  scale  of 
the  lateral  line.  The  anal  base  is  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  head,  and  its  longest 
ray  is  a  little  more  than  one-half  length  of  head.  The  caudal  is  moderate  and  well 
forked.  The  lateral  line  has  a  very  shallow  downward  curve  over  the  pectoral.  D. 
ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  6  or  7  ;  V.  8 ;  P.  14  ;  scales,  5-36  to  37 -3^  ;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  1  (according  to 
Forbes,  1,  4-4,  1.  in  a  specimen  studied),  all  hooked.  Tn  spirits  the  body  is  pale 
yellowish  brown  ;  a  broad,  silvery  median  band,  and  a  faint  dusky  line  along  the 
edge  ot  the  back  ;  a  triangular  or  spear-shaped  dark  spot  on  the  vertex  ;  fins  all  pale, 
but  the  dorsal  is  sometimes  finely  spotted.  The  specimens  described  are  two  and 
one-fourth  inches  long. 

This  small  minnow,  attaining  to  a  leug-th  of  three  inches,  is  recorded 
by  Dr.  Jordan  from  Pennsylvania  to  Kansas.  In  Pennsylvania  it  oc- 
curs only  in  the  Ohio  river  basin.  The  species  is  too  small  to  be  im- 
portant, except  as  food  for  larger  fishes. 

56.  Notropis  scabriceps  Cope. 

The  RouKli-hoaded  Shiner. 

The  rough-headed  shiner  has  a  stout  body,  its  greatest  height  contained  four  and 
one-fourth  times  in  the  total  length  without  the  caudal,  and  its  thickness  one-half 
the  length  of  the  head.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  is  two-fifths  of  the 
greatest  depth.  The  head,  one-fourth  of  total  without  caudal,  is  short  and  thick, 
with  a  short,  obtuse  snout,  the  latter  being  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eye,  which  is 
two-  fifths  to  one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  The  mouth  isobliciuely  placed,  moderate 
in  size,  the  maxilla  reaching  nearly  to  below  the  front  of  the  eye,  the  jaws  equal. 
The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  over,  and  of  the  ventral  under  the  twelfth  scale  of  the 
lateral  line.  The  dorsal  base  is  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head  ;  the  long- 
est ray  is  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  last  ray,  and  as  long  as  the  head  without 
the  snout.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly  to  the  vent,  its  length  nearly  two-thirds  that 
of  the  head.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-first  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the 
anal  base  is  as  long  as  the  eye  ,  the  longest  anal  ray  is  two-tliirds  as  long  as  the  head. 
The  pectoral  is  as  long  as  the  head  Avithout  the  snout.  The  caudal  is  rather  large 
and  well  forked.  The  lateral  line  is  gently  decurved  in  the  first  half  of  its  lengtli. 
D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  7 ;  V.  8 ;  P.  15;  scales,  6-38-4  ;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  2,  strongly  hooked.  Color 
pale  brown  with  a  broad  silvery  area  on  sides,  and  a  lateral  band  made  up  of  dusky 
specks,  this  continued  on  the  snout.  The  name  sc.ahricvps  (rough-headed)  refers 
to  the  tuberculate  condition  of  the  head  in  breeding  males. 

The  length  of  the  specimen  described,  No.  36,655,  United  States  National  Museum, 
from  Rolling  Fork,  New  Haven,  Ky.,  is  two  and  one-half  inches. 

The  rough-headed  shiner  has  been  found  in  the  Kanawha,  and  will 
probably  be  found  in  other  tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  The  name  is  in  al- 
lusion to  the  prickles  developed  on  the  head  of  males  in  the  breeding 
season  in  spring. 

57.  Notropis  ardens  Cope. 

The  Rod-fin.      C  Finnre  .^/i. ) 
The  red-fin  has  a  moderately  elongate  and  compressed  body,  with  a  slender  caudal 
peduncle.     The  greatest  depth  e(|uals  two-ninths  of  the  total  lengtli  to  base  of  caudal, 
and  the  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  is  equal  to  or  less  than  one-half  of  great- 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


43 


est  depth  of  body.  The  head  is  moderate  in  size,  its  length  contained  four  to  four 
and  one-fourth  times  in  the  total  to  base  of  caudal.  The  snout  is  pointed,  its  length 
about  one-third  that  of  the  head.  The  lower  jaw  projects  slightly  beyond  the  upper. 
The  maxilla  reaches  beyond  the  front  of  the  eye,  and  in  one  example  nearly  to  the 
front  of  the  pupil.  The  eye  is  nearly  one-third  as  long  as  the  head,-  and  is  equal  to 
the  distance  between  the  eyes.  The  mouth  is  moderately  oblique.  The  dorsal  ori- 
gin is  over  the  eighteenth  and  the  ventral  origin  under  the  fifteenth  scale  of  the  lat- 
eral lino.  The  dorsal  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  dorsal  ray 
is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  snout.  The  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent,  and  the 
pectoral  to  below  the  sixteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  length  of  the  anal  base 
equals  one-seventh  of  total  length  to  base  of  caudal,  and  the  longest  anal  ray  is  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  head.  The  caudal  is  moderate  in  size  and  deeply  forked.  The 
lateral  line  curves  moderately  downward  in  the  first  half  of  its  length.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A. 
ii,  9;  V.  8;  P.  13;  scales,  9-46  to  50-5;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  2,  the  two  middle  ones  with  a 
small  hook  and  narrow  grinding  surface.  Length  of  the  specimens  described,  two  and 
one-half  inches.  In  spirits  the  body  is  light  brown  ;  a  broad  silvery  median  band  ; 
abdomen  golden ;  a  small  black  blotch  at  the  origin  of  the  dorsal ;  fins  all  pale. 
Breeding  males  are  steel  blue  with  the  belly  and  lower  fins  brick  red,  whence  the 
Latin  name  ardens,  burning.  In  a  male  two  and  one-half  inches  long  the  top  of  the 
head  and  snout  is  covered  with  small,  pointed  tubercles. 

The  red-fin  is  found  from  Minnesota  to  Tennessee ;  east  of  the  Alle- 
ghenies  its  southern  limit  is  Virginia.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to 
the  tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  The  red-fin  attains  to  a  length  of  three 
and  one-half  inches.  The  sexes  are  conspicuously  different  in  color,  es- 
pecially in  the  breeding  season.  The  male  has  the  fins  brick  red  in 
spring,  and  the  upper  surface  of  its  head  is  covered  with  many  whitish 
tubercles.  The  species  has  a  large  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  front 
portion  of  the  dorsal  fin. 

The  red-fin  delights  in  small  clear  streams. 

58.  Notropis  photogenis  Cope. 

The  AVhlte-eyecl  Shiner. 

The  white-eyed  shiner  has  a  slender  and  rather  thick  body,  with  a  long  and  low 
caudal  peduncle.  The  greatest  depth  is  contained  five  to  five  and  one-half  times  in 
the  total  length  to  the  caudal  base,  and  the  least  height  of  the  caudal  peduncle 
etiuals  one-half  of  greatest  depth  of  body.  The  head  is  moderate  in  size,  with  short 
conical  snout  and  the  mouth  oblique.  The  jaws  are  equal  in  length  ;  the  slender 
maxilla  reaches  to  below  the  front  of  the  eye,  and  the  margin  of  the  upper  jaw  is  pro- 
vided with  minute  tooth-like  asperities.  The  snout  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  eye,  and 
two-seventhsas  long  as  the  head.  Theeyeisthree-tenthsaslongasthchead.  The  width 
of  the  head  equals  one-half  its  .ength.  The  distance  between  the  eyes  equals  one  of 
their  diameters.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  sixteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  and 
the  ventral  origin  under  the  twelfth.  The  dorsal  base  is  one-half,  and  the  longest 
ray  nearly  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  anal  origin  is  slightly  behind  the 
end  of  the  dorsal  base  and  under  the  twentieth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  base  is 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  equals  the  combined  length  of 
snout  and  eye.  The  ventral  reaches  nearly  to  the  vent,  and  the  pectoral  to  the  elev- 
enth scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  caudal  is  rather  small  and  deeply  forked.  The 
lateral  lino  curves  deeply  over  the  pectoral,  and  does  not  become  median  until  near 
the  base  «*f  the  caudal.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  iii,  10;  V.  8;  P.  14  ;  scales,  7-41-4;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  2, 
three  of  those  in  the  principal  row  hooked.  Color  in  spirits  pale  yellowish  brown  ; 
a  silvery  lateral  band  as  wide  as  the  eye  is  long;  cheeks  silvery ;  fins  all  pule;  a 
faint  dark  line  along  the  outline  of  the  back.     The  specimens  descril»ed  are  two  and 


44 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


three-fourths  in.Uies  long,  No.  30,447,  United  States  National  Museum.  The  eye  is 
large  and  white,  whence  the  name  white-eyed  sliiner.  Breeding  males  m  sprmg 
liave  the  head  covered  with  minute  prickles. 

The  white-eyed  shiner  occurs  in  the  Allegheny  region  from  Pennsyl- 
vania to  North  Carolina.  It  is  a  very  common  fish,  and  varies  with  lo- 
cality.    The  species  reaches  a  length  of  only  three  inches. 

59.  Notropis  dilectus  Girard. 

The  Rosy-faced  Minnow. 

The  rosy-laced  minnow  has  tlie  body  moderately  long  and  tliin,  with   a  short  and 
deep  caudal  peduncle.    The  greatest  depth  of  the  body  equals  one-fourth,  and  the 
least  depth  of  the  peduncle  one-eighth  of  the  total  length  to  base  of  caudal.    The 
head  is  moderate  in  size  ;  its  widtli  one-half  of  its  length,  which  is  one-fourtli  of  the 
total  to  base  of  caudal.     The  snout  is  pointed  and  shorter  than  the  eye,  which  is  one- 
fourth  to  two-sevenths  as  long  as  the  head,  and  equal  to  the  distance  l)etween  the 
eyes.    Tlie  mouth  is'oblique  and  the  lower  jaw  projects  slightly  ;  the  maxilla  reaches 
nearly  to  below  the  front  of  the  pupil.     The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  fifteenth,  and 
the  ventral  origin  under  tlie  twelfth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.     Tlie  base  of  tlie  dorsal 
isone-halfaslongasthehead,  and  the  longest  dorsal  ray  equals  the  length  of  the 
head  without  the  snout.     Tlie  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent,  which  is  under  the  eight- 
eenth scale  of  the  lateral  line.    The  anal  base  is  as  long  as  the  snout  and  eye  com- 
bined, and  the  longest  anal  ray  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head.     The  caudal  is  mod- 
erate in  size,  and  deeply  forked.    The  lateral  line  curves  gently  downward  over  the 
pectoral.     D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  8  ;  V,  8 ;  P.  13 ;  scales,  (>-3(>-4  ;  teeth,  2,  4-4,  2,  hooked.    The 
specimens  described  are  two  inches  long.     In  spirits  the  body  is  pale  brown  ;  a  sil- 
very shade  along  the  median  line  ;  the  head  silvery  except  atmve  ;  belly  golden  ;  ftns 
all  pale.     In  life  the  upper  parts  are  olive  green  and  the  sides  silvery.     Males  in  the 
breeding  condition  in  spring  have  prickles  on  the  snout  and  the  forehead,  gill  cov- 
ers and  dorsal  base  with  a  rosy  flush.     The  name  dilrctus  means  delightful. 

The  rosy -faced  minnow,  although  reaching  a  length  of  only  three 
inches  or  less,  is  a  very  beautiful  fish.  It  is  abundant  in  the  Ohio  val- 
ley and  extends  westward  to  Nebraska.  This  is  the  Alburnellus  riibri- 
frons  of  Cope. 

60.  Notropis  atherinoides  Rafinesque. 

The  Emerald  Minnow. 

The  emerald  minnow  or  rosy  minnow  has  a  long  and  thin  body  and  the  caudal 
peduncle  moderately  short  and  deep.  The  greatest  tlepth  of  tlie  bmly  is  contained 
four  and  three-fourths  to  live  and  one-half  times  in  the  toUl  length  to  caudal  base; 
the  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  is  contained  eleven  and  one-half  times  in  the 
same  length.  The  greatest  width  of  the  body  is  one-half  its  height.  The  head  is  of 
moderate  size,  its  length  two-ninths  of  the  total  to  caudal  base.  The  snout  is  short 
and  somewhat  pointed,  its  length  one-fourth  tliat  of  the  head.  Eye  large,  about 
three  and  one-fourth  times  in  length  of  head.  Mouth  obliciue,  moderate,  the  max- 
illa reaching  front  of  eve.  The  dorsal  origin  is  midway  between  the  eye  and  the 
base  of  the  caudal,  over  the  seventeenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  base  of  the  tin 
is  two-tifths  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  equals  the  length  of  the  head 
without  the  snout.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  thirteenth  scale  of  the  lateral 
line  and  the  tin  scarcely  reaches  to  below  the  end  of  the  dorsal  base.  The  pectoral 
reaches  to  below  the  eighth  or  ninth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  anal  origin  is 
under  the  twentv-fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head,  and  the  longest  ray  equals  the  snout  and  eye  conibine<l.    The  caudal  is  rather 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


45 


large  and  deeply  forked.  The  lateral  line  sweeps  downward  in  a  long  and  shallow 
curve,  becoming  nearly  median  over  the  anal  base.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii.  9 :  V.  9 ;  P.  14 ; 
scales,  6-39-4  ;  teeth,  2, 4-4,  2  or  1,  some  of  them  with  a  slight  hook  and  narrow  grind- 
ing surface.  The  specimens  described.  No.  8735,  United  States  National  Museum, 
are  four  to  four  and  one-half  inches  long.  In  spirits  the  upper  parts  are  light  brown, 
the  sides  and  cheeks  silvery,  and  the  belly  golden  brown;  the  tins  all  pale;  the 
width  of  the  silvery  stripe  is  equal  to  diameter  of  eye.  In  life  the  upper  parts  are 
greenish  ;  breeding  males  have  the  snout  rosy. 

The  emerald  minnow  is  found  in  the  Great  Lake  region,  the  Ohio 
valley  and  south  to  Tennessee,  being  abundant  in  lakes  and  in  rapids 
of  rivers.  The  variety  found  in  Pennsylvania  has  a  shorter  snout  and 
a  smaller  eye  than  the  typical  atherinoides  and  has  received  the  specific 
name  dinemus ;  but  the  differences  are  not  supposed  to  be  constant. 
The  emerald  minnow  reaches  a  length  of  five  inches ;  it  is  gregarious 
like  other  minnows,  and  its  golden  lateral  stripe  on  a  clear  green  ground 
makes  it  a  handsome  species. 

Genus  ERICYMBA  Cope. 


61.  Ericymba  buccata  Cope. 

The  Sllvep-mouthed  Dace. 

The  body  is  moderately  elongate,  and  its  width  is  about  two-thirds  of  its  height, 
which  is  contained  four  and  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  length  without  (;audal.  The 
peduncle  of  the  tail  is  rather  short,  its  least  depth  ecjual  to  one-half  greatest  depth 
of  body.  The  head  is  comparatively  long,  its  length  contained  ttiree  and  one-half 
times  in  the  total  without  caudal.  The  snout  is  long  and  pointed.  Its  length  nearly 
one-third  that  of  head.  The  mouth  is  small,  slightly  oblique,  and  the  maxilla 
reaches  to  the  vertical  through  the  anterior  nostril.  The  lower  jaw  is  included 
within  the  upper.  The  eye  is  one-fourth  to  one-third  as  long  as  the  head,  and  longer 
than  the  interorbital  space.  The  bones  of  the  lower  part  of  the  head  are  remarkably 
cavernous.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  ventral,  over  the  tenth  scale  of  the  lateral 
line,  and  nearly  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  base  of  caudal.  The  dorsal  base 
is  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  etjuals  the  head 
without  the  snout.  The  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent;  the  pectoral  nearly  to  ventral 
origin.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-tirst  8«*ale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  anal 
base  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  etiuals  the  length  of  snout 
and  eye  combined.  The  caudal  is  moderate  in  size  and  well  forked.  The  lateral 
line  is  only  slightly  bent  downward  over  the  pe<'toral.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A.  ii,  7  ;  V.  7 ;  P. 
15  ;  scales,  5-33  to  36-4  ;  teeth,  1,  4-4,  0,  the  inner  row  frequently  absent,  some  of  the 
teeth  with  a  slight  hook.  In  spirits  the  color  is  light  l)rown  ;  a  broad  silvery  band 
on  the  sides  and  cheeks  ;  tins  all  i>ale.  In  lifethe  sidesshow  bluish  reflections,  and 
there  is  a  dark  dorsal  streak.  Breeding  males  have  neither  tubercles  nor  bright 
colors. 

Length  of  the  specimens,  No.  3G,803,  United  States  National  Museum,  three 
inches. 

This  singular  and  interesting  little  fish  is  found  in  the  Ohio  and  Mis- 
sissippi valleys,  and  has  recently  been  taken  in  the  Mississippi  and  in 
west  Florida.  Northward  it  ranges  to  Michigan  and  west  to  Kansas. 
It  is  extremely  common  in  the  Ohio  valley  in  small  clear  brooks  and  in 
ponds. 


46 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


This  dace  reaches  a  length  of  five  inches,  and  it  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  of  the  members  of  the  minnow  family,  because  of  the 
depressions  in  the  bones  of  the  lower  part  of  the  head.  The  color  is 
olivaceous,  with  silvery  sides.  There  is  a  lateral  chain  of  brown  dots 
and  a  narrow  vertebral  line. 

This  species  has  no  importance  except  as  food  for  black  bass  and 
other  valuable  species. 

Genus  PHENACOBIUS  Cope. 

62.  Phenacobius  teretulus  Cope. 

The  Sucker  Minnow. 

This  species  was  first  «lescribed  by  Professor  Cope  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Aca- 
demy of  Natural  Sciences,  PhiladelpJiia,  1867,  page  96,  as  follows  : 

"Head  stout,  four  and  two-thirds  in  total  length,  exclusive  of  caudal  fin,  equal 
depth  at  dorsal  fin  ;  orbit  three-fiftlis  in  length  of  former,  its  superior  rim  on  frontal 
plane.  Preorbital  l)one  elongate  parallelogrammic.  Muzzle  elongate,  decurved  ob- 
tuse,  heavy.  Canthus  of  mouth  opposite  middle  of  o.  preorbitale  ;  supra  opercular 
region  rounded ;  isthmus  wide;  form  moderate,  caudal  peduncle  not  attenuated. 
Scales  with  coarse  concentric  lines  and  radii ;  6-43-5 ;  thoracic  region  scaled.  Pec- 
toral fin  not  reaching  ventrals,  nor  ventrals  the  anal.  Dorsal  narrow,  elevated  ;  cau- 
dal deeply  forked  ;  radii  D.  1,  8  ;  C.+18+;  A.  7;  V.  1,  8  ;  P.  17.  Total  length  of  speci- 
men.  Sin.  6.5  1.  Above  pale  olive  yellow,  the  scales  faintly  edged  with  black; 
below  silvery  ;  end  of  muzzle  and  band  on  each  side  to  orbit  blackish  ;  a  leaden  band 
on  each  side  on  middle  line  from  behind  ventrals  to  base  of  caudal,  which  is  oc- 
casionally broken  into  spots. 

"The  aflinities  of  this  fish  appear  to  be  to  Ccratichthfis  :  its  habits  and  food  are  pro- 
bably  similar  ;  as  in  that  genus  the  natatory  bladder  is  well  developed.  Its  habitat 
appears  to  be  in  the  rapid  parts  of  the  river  ;  I  have  not  seen  it  in  the  tributary 
creeks,  though  I  have  examined  them  carefully.    Several  specimens  procured." 

The  sucker  minnow  has  been  found  in  tributaries  of  the  Kanawha 
river,  in  West  Virginia,  and  doubtless  inhabits  other  tributaries  of  the 
Ohio  in  western  Pennsylvania. 

The  lips  of  this  minnow  have  transverse  ridges  resembling  those 
found  in  some  of  the  suckers.  The  species  has  a  dusky  lateral  band. 
The  general  color  is  yellowish,  darker  above. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  three  and  one-half  inches. 

Genus  RHINICHTHYS  Aoahsiz. 
63.  Rhinichthys  cataractse  C.  &  V. 

Tlio  Ii<inn-no8<Ml  l>ace. 

The  long-nosed  dace  has  a  moderately  elongate  body,  with  short  and  stout  caudal 
peduncle  and  a  moderale-size«l  head.  The  greatest  depth  is  contained  four  and  two- 
thirds  times  in  the  total  length  witliout  caudal  ;  the  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle 
eightand  one-half  times.  The  width  of  the  bodyerjualstlie  combined  length  of  snout 
and  eye.  The  length  of  the  head  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal  and  throe 
times  the  length  of  the  snout.  The  eye  is  placed  high,  one-fifth  to  one-fourth  as  long  as 
the  head  and  about  tw<>-thinls  as  long  as  the  interorbital  width.  The  mouth  is  hori- 
zontal, small,  placed  under  the  snout,  the  lower  jaw  the  shorter,  the  upper  lip  thick 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


47 


and  provided  with  a  small  barbel  at  each  end.  The  maxilla  reaches  to  below  the 
posterior  nostril.  The  dorsal  origin  is  above  the  twenty-third  scale  of  the  lateral  line 
and  the  ventral  origin  is  under  the  twentieth.  The  dorsal  base  is  one-half,  and  the 
longest  ray  four-fifths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  ventral  reaches  a  little  beyond,  the 
vent  and  almost  to  the  anal  origin.  The  pectoral  reaches  nearly  or  quite  to  the  ori- 
gin of  the  ventral,  being  longer  in  males.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  thirty-fourth 
scale  of  the  lateral  line  and  a  little  behind  the  end  of  the  dorsal.  The  anal  base  is 
one-half,  and  the  longest  ray  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  caudal  is  com- 
paratively large  and  well  forked.  The  lateral  line  drops  gently  downward  in  a  short 
curve  over  the  pectoral  and  becomes  median  over  that  fin.  D.  ii,  7;  A.  ii,  6;  V.  8; 
P.  12;  scales,  13-57  to  65-10;  teeth  2,  4-4,  2;  three  of  the  principal  row  hooked. 
Length  of  the  specimens  descrU)ed,  No.  8505,  United  States  National  Museum,  tiiree 
and  one-half  inches.  In  spirits  the  color  is  brown  mottled  with  grayish  ;  the  under 
surface  of  head  sharply-  defined  and  pale ;  the  fins  all  pale.  Breeding  males  in 
spring  have  the  lips,  cheeks  and  lower  fins  crimson.  There  is  no  distinct  lateral 
band. 

The  long-nose  dace  or  Niagara  gudgeon  is  found  in  New  England  and 
the  Middle  States,  and  in  the  Great  Lake  region,  in  clear  cold  water. 
In  Pennsylvania,  according  to  Cope,  it  is  limited  to  the  rapids  and  swift 
waters  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  state.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  five 
inches.  The  sides  are  without  the  black  lateral  band,  whicli  is  character- 
istic of  the  black-nosed  species.  The  general  color  is  olivaceous  or  dark 
green  with  the  lower  parts  paler.  The  back  is  nearly  black.  Some  of 
the  scales  are  mottled  with  dark  and  olivaceous.  The  young  have  a  trace 
of  a  dusky  lateral  band.  The  spring  males  have  the  fins,  lips  and 
cheeks  crimson.  The  long-nosed  dace  frequents  rapids  and  rocky  pools, 
and  is  associated  in  mountain  regions  of  eastern  Pennsylvania  with  the 
brook  trout.  Its  movements  are  swift  and  powerful  and  it  is  a  very 
shapely  little  fish.     As  a  bait  for  the  black  bass  it  is  scarcely  surpassed. 


64.  Rhinichthys  atronasus  Mitchill. 

The  Bla<*k-nosed  l>a<M\     (Fiijurp  .Vk) 

The  black-nosed  dace  has  a  moderately  long  and  stout  body,  with  a  broad  back, 
and  rather  small  conical  head.  The  greatest  depth  of  the  Imdy  isrontained  four  and 
one-fourth  to  four  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  length  without  caiuial.  The  least 
depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  one-half  greatest  depth  of  body.  The  liead 
is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  fish  to  caudal  base ;  its  width  is  about  one-half  its 
length  and  the  snout  nearly  one-third  to  two-sevenths.  The  eye  is  as  long  as  the 
snout  and  much  less  than  width  of  interorbital  space.  The  mouth  is  small,  slightly 
obliijue  an«l  with  nearly  equal  jaws  ;  the  maxillary  barbel  small  or  wanting;  the 
maxilla  reaches  to  below  the  front  edge  of  the  posterior  nostril.  The  dorsal  origin  is 
nearer  to  root  of  caudal  than  to  tip  of  snout,  over  the  twenty-sixth  scale  of  the  lateral 
line.  The  length  of  t  lie  base  is  contained  two  and  one-third  times  in  tliat  of  t  lie  head,  and 
the  longest  ray  equals  length  of  head  without  snout.  Tlie  ventral  origin  is  slightly 
in  advance  of  the  dorsal  origin  and  the  fin  extends  to  the  vent.  Tlie  pectoral 
rea<rhes  to  the  sixteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  In  Itrecding  males  it  is  greatly 
thickened.  The  anal  origin  is  behind  the  end  of  the  dorsal  base,  under  the  thirty- 
fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  fin  is  variable  in  length  with  sex  ami  age,  some- 
times five-sixths  as  long  as  the  head.  Tlie  craudal  is  small  and  not  tleeply  forked. 
The  lateral  line  curves  downward  over  the  i>ectoral,  soon  becoming  median.  D.  ii, 
6or  7;  A.  il,  6;  V.  8 ;  P.  11  ;  scales  10-56  to  ft-i-lO;  teeth  2,  4-4,  2,  three  of  the  princi- 
pal row  strongly  hooked.     Length    of  the  specimens  decribed,  No.  .'13,984,  Ignited 


I  ■ 


48 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 


states  National  Museum,  two  and  tive-eighths  to  three  inches.  In  spirits  the  upper 
parts  are  brown  and  are  separated  from  the  silvery  lower  parts  by  a  dark  lateral 
band,  as  wide  as  the  short  diameter  of  the  eye  and  continued  on  the  snout.  Breed- 
ing males  in  spring  have  the  lateral  band  and  the  lower  fins  crimson,  running  into 
orange  in  summer.     In  the  young  the  dark  median  band  extends  on  the  tail  fin. 

The  black -nosed  dace  or  "rock  fish"  is  represented  in  our  waters  by 
two  forms,  one  of  which  is  found  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  Great 
Lake  reg-ion  and  from  Maine  to  Virginia;  this  is  replaced  in  the  upper 
lake  region  and  in  the  Ohio  valley,  southward  to  Georgia  and  Alabama 
by  the  blunt-nosed  variety,  Rhinichthys  obtusus  of  Agassiz.  In  Penn- 
sylvania both  forms  occur,  the  blunt-nose  being  limited  to  the  Ohio 
valley.  This  is  the  brown-nosed  dace  of  Professor  Cope.  It  is  stouter 
than  the  black-nosed  dace  of  the  eastern  portion  of  Pennsylvania  and 
paler  in  color.  The  black-nosed  dace  reaches  a  length  of  three  inches. 
This  fish  prefers  clear  small  brooks.  Swift  and  active  in  its  movements 
and  beautiful  in  colors,  it  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  inhabitants  of 
the  waters  in  which  it  lives. 

Gends  HYBOPSIS  Agassi/ 

66.  Hybopsis  dissimilis  (Kirtland). 

The  Spotted  Shiner. 

The  spotted  shiner  has  a  long  and  slender  body,  its  greatest  depth  being  nearly 
one-fifth  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  long  and 
low,  its  least  depth  two-fifths  of  greatest  depth  of  body.  The  width  of  tlie  body  equals 
two-thirds  of  its  depth.  The  head  is  moderately  large,  its  lengtli  one-fourth  of  the 
total  without  the  caudal.  The  snout  is  long,  but  obtusely  rounded  at  the  point,  its 
length  one  and  one-half  times  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  which  is  two-sevenths  the 
lengtli  of  the  head.  The  mouth  is  small,  inferior,  horizontal,  the  maxilla  reaching 
to  below  the  anterior  nostril  and  with  a  small  barbel  at  its  hind  end.  The  gill-open- 
ings are  separated  by  a  very  broad  isthmus.  The  dorsal  begins  over  the  sixteenth 
scale  of  the  lateral  line  and  slightly  in  advance  of  the  ventral ;  the  dorsal  base  is 
one-half  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  snout ; 
the  last  my  is  as  long  as  the  snout.  Tlie  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent,  its  length  one- 
seventh  of  the  total  without  the  caudal.  The  pectoral  reaches  to  below  the  thirteenth 
scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-seventh  scale  of  the 
lateral  line;  the  anal  base  is  short,  eciualling  the  diameter  of  the  eye  ;  the  longest 
ray  is  as  long  as  the  ventral  ;  tlie  last  ray  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  The  cau- 
dal is  moderately  large  and  deeply  forked,  the  middle  rays  one-half  as  long  as  the 
external  rays.  The  lateral  line  is  nearly  straight  and  median.  D.  ii,  8;  A.  ii,  0  ;  V. 
7  ;  P.  15;  scales,  r>-43-5;  teeth,  4-4,  hooked  and  with  a  short  grinding  surface.  In 
spirits  the  back  is  brown,  the  lower  parts  are  whitish  and  the  sides  are  broadly 
striped  with  silvery.  In  life  the  lateral  stripe  is  bluish  and  overlaid  with  dusky 
spots,  and  is  continued  forward  through  the  eye  around  the  snout.  The  fins  are 
pale.  The  specimen  described.  No.  3t),74n,  United  States  National  Museum,  from 
White  river,  Indiana,  is  throe  and  one-half  inches  long. 

The  spotted  shiner  occurs  in  the  Great  Lake  region  and  Ohio  valley, 
southward  to  Kentucky,  and  west  to  Iowa.  It  is  abundant  in  creeks  of 
western  Pennsylvania.  This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  six  inches, 
and  derives  its  name  of  spotted  shiner  from  the  bluish  baud  along  the 
sides  which  is  interrupted  so  as  to  form  spots.     The  sides  are  bright 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


49 


silvery  in  color,  and  the  fins  unspotted.     The  body  is  long  and  slender. 
This  fish  is  most  common  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  in  the  channels  of 
large  streams,  and  does  not  run  into  small  brooks.     It  is  a  ready  biter, 
and  is  caught  in  large  numbers  by  hook  fishing.     It  is  useful  as  bait. 

66.  Hybopsis  amblops  (Eafinesque). 

The  silver  Chub. 

The  silver  chub  has  a  moderately  elongate,  but  thick  body,  whose  greatest  depth 
equals  one-fifth  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal,  and  is  not  much  less  than  the 
length  of  the  head.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  slender,  its  least  depth  one-half  of  the 
greatest  depth  of  body.  The  head  is  short,  its  length  two-ninths  of  the  total  without 
the  caudal.  The  snout  is  short,  blunt,  nearly  vertical,  rounded,  its  length  three- 
fourths  diameter  of  eye.  The  eye  is  large,  placed  high,  its  long  diameter  three-eighths 
length  of  head.  The  mouth  is  small,  terminal,  placed  low,  nearly  horizontal,  tiie 
n.a  Allla  reaching  to  below  front  of  eye  and  provided  with  a  slender  barbel  one-third 
as  long  as  the  eye.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  twelfth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the 
base  of  the  fin  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  is  one-fifth  of  the  total 
without  caudal,  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  last  ray  is  one-half  as  long  as 
the  longest.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  dorsal  origin  ;  the  fin  reaches  almost 
to  the  vent.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-third  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the 
anal  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  head  with- 
out the  snout,  and  the  last  ray  is  a  little  more  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  longest. 
The  caudal  is  large  and  well  forked.  The  pectoral  base  is  below  the  median  line  of 
the  body ;  the  fin  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  snout  The  lateral 
line  has  a  very  short  downward  curve  near  its  origin  and  is  straight  and 
median  in  the  rest  of  its  course.  D.  iii,  7 ;  A.  ii,  7 ;  V.  8 ;  P.  13 ;  scales, 
6-38-4;  teeth,  1,  4-4,  1  (sometimes  1,  4-4,  0).  In  spirits  the  upper  parts  arc  pale 
brown,  the  lower  parts  lighter,  the  belly  yellowish.  A  plumbeous  lateral  stripe, 
continued  on  the  head  and  around  the  snout.  The  fins  are  all  pale.  In  life  the 
upper  parts  are  greenish,  and  tlie  silvery  median  band  overlies  dark  pigment. 
Males  without  tubercles  and  red  coloration  in  breeding  season.  The  specimen  de- 
scribed. No.  36,769  United  States  National  Museum,  from  French  Broad  river,  Ten- 
nessee, is  about  three  inches  long. 

The  silver  chub  or  big-eyed  chub  inhabits  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
valleys,  and  is  common  southward  to  Alabama.  It  reaches  a  length  of 
four  inches.  The  color  is  greenish ;  sides  with  a  dark  band,  overlaid  by 
silver,  extending  forward  around  the  snout. 

The  big-eyed  chub,  as  its  name  implies,  has  a  very  large  eye,  which  is 
one  of  its  distinguishing  features.  It  is  said  that  the  male  has  not  the 
red  fins  and  the  tubercles  which  are  found  in  the  males  of  so  many  of 
the  minnows.  In  the  tributaries  of  the  Ohio  river  this  chub  prefers 
sandy  or  gravelly  bottoms  and  river  channels.  It  is  not  common  in  the 
small  streams. 

67.  Hybopsis  kentuckiensis  Bafinesque. 

The  Horned  <'huh  (Fif/ure  40.) 

The  horned  chul)  has  a  stout  and  rathersliort  Imdy,  its  greatest  deptli  nearly  equal 
to  length  of  head  and  one-fourth  of  total  length  without  caudal.  'I'ho  snout  is  long 
and  obtuse,  its  length  rather  more  than  one-third  length  of  head,  and  nearly  twice 

4  Fishes. 


1 


•J    ' 


50 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


61 


,1 


diameter  of  eye.  The  mouth  is  large  an«l  placed  low  ;  the  maxilla  reaches  to  below 
front  of  eye  ;  the  lower  jaw  shorter  than  upper.  The  dorsal  fin  is  slightly  nearer  to 
root  of  caudal  than  to  tip  of  snout;  its  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head,  and  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  its  longest  ray.  Tlie  ventral  is  under  the  front  part  of  the  dorsal ; 
its  length  e<iuals  dorsal  base.  The  anal  begins  under  tlie  twenty-fourtli  scale  of  the 
lateral  line ;  its  longest  ray  about  one-seventh  of  total  to  base  of  caudal.  The  pec- 
toral is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head,  and  reaches  to  below  the  thirteenth  scale  of 
the  lateral  line.  The  caudal  is  moderately  forked.  D.  iii,  7  ;  A.  iii,  0;  scales,  6-40  to 
45-5.  The  ground  color  is  Ijluish  olive,  the  head  darker  ;  green  and  coppery  reflec- 
tions on  the  sides.  The  fins  are  pale  orange,  pinkish  in  the  spring,  the  lower  parts 
white.  Breeding  males  have  the  top  of  the  head  swollen  into  a  crest  and  covered 
with  coarse  tubercles,  from  which  arises  the  name  horned  chub;  they  also  have 
sometimes  a  red  spot  on  each  side  of  the  head.  The  young  have  a  broad  dark  me- 
dian l)and  and  a  dusky  spot  at  the  base  of  the  tail. 

Names.— "YXie  liorDecl  chub  is  known  in  some  localities  as  uiggrer  chub, 
river  chub  and  jerker;  occasionally  it  is  called  horned  dace  or  horny- 
head. 

Distribution.— The  species  rangres  from  Pennsylvania  westward  to 
Dakota  and  south  to  Alabama.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  common  in  the 
Susquehanna  and  the  Ohio  basin,  but  absent  from  the  Delaware.  It 
abounds  in  lar^e  rivers,  and  is  rarely  seen  in  small  brooks. 

Size,  e^c— This  fish  ^rows  to  a  length  of  ten  inches  and  is  ^ood  for 
the  table.  As  a  bait  for  the  black  bass  the  younj?  horned  chub  cannot 
be  excelled,  because  of  its  endurance  on  a  hook. 

Genus  SEMOTILUS  Rafinesque. 
68.  Sexuotilus  buUaris  Rafinesque. 


The  Fall  Fish.      {Figur 


<'4i-) 


The  fall  fish  lias  a  moderately  deep,  elongate  and  compressetl  body  and  a  stout 
caudal  peduncle.  The  greatest  depth  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without  cau- 
dal, and  tlie  least  depth  of  the  peduncle  e(iuals  three-eighths  length  of  head.  The 
head  is  rather  large,  one-fourtli  of  total  without  caudal,  with  pointed  snout,  which  is 
two-sevenths  of  the  head's  length.  The  mouth  is  oblique;  tlie  jaws  nearly  e«iual,  the 
maxilla  e.xtending  to  below  front  of  eye.  The  eye  is  placed  high,  and  is  about  one- 
fourth  as  long  as  the  head.  The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  si.xteenth  or  seventeenth 
scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  base  of  the  fin  is  one-half,  aiul  tlie  longest  ray  two-thirds 
as  long  as  the  liead.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  fifteenth  scale  of  the  lateral 
line  ;  the  fin  does  not  reach  to  the  vent,  its  length  one-seventh  of  total  without  can- 
dal.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twenty-seventh  scale  of  the  lateral  lino  ;  the  base 
of  the  fin  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  ven- 
tral. The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply  forked.  The  lateral  line  curves  downward 
abruptly  over  tlie  pectoral,  becoming  median  over  the  end  of  that  fin.  D.  ii,  7  ;  A. 
II,  7  ;  V.  8;  P.  18;  scales,  7-4(1-5.  teetli.  2,  5-4,  2,  or  2,  4-4,  2,  all  more  or  less  strongly 
hooked.  In  spirits  the  upper  parts  are  grayish  brown,  the  sides  and  «-heek8  silvery, 
the  lower  parts  whitish,  tlie  fins  all  pale.  In  life  the  upper  jiarts  are  steel  blue,  the 
sides  and  belly  silvery  ;  breeding  males  in  spring  have  the  belly  and  lower  fins  rosy. 
The  specimens  described.  No.  9202,  United  States  National  Nfuseum,  are  from  five 
and  one-half  to  six  and  one-fourth  inches  long. 

The  fall  fish  or  dace  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the  minnow  family  in 
Pennsylvania,  reaching:  a  len^^th  of  eijjhteeii  inches,  and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  l)eautiful  species,  as  well  as  pime  in  its  qualities.     As  a  food  fish, 


however,  it  is  not  greatly  esteemed.     It  is  extremely  common  in  the 
Delaware  river  and  its  tributaries,  and  moderately  abundant  m  the  bus- 

"^"rheTali  fish  is  found  from  Quebec  to  Virginia.  The  fish  delights 
in  rapid,  rocky  portions  of  large  streams,  and  in  the  deep  channels. 
Upon  being  hooked  it  fights  with  desperation  for  a  short  time  but  its 
resistance  is  soon  overcome.  Thoreau  describes  it  as  a  soft  fish  with  a 
taste  like  brown  paper  salted,  yet  the  boy  fishermen  of  Pennsylvania 
will  still  continue  to  covet  and  admire  this  handsome  and  ubiquitous 
representative  of  the  minnows. 

69.  Semotilus  atromaculatus  Mitchill. 

The  Hornetl  Dace  or  Chuh. 

The  chub  has  a  slender  and  moderately  elongate  body,  itsgreatest  height  immedi- 
ately in  tVont  of  the  ventrals  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  head  withou   the  snout 
fnTcontained  trom  four  to  nearly  five  times  in  the  ^otal  length  u.tbo^^ 
The  greatest  thickness  of  the  body  is  about  two-thirds  ot  its  greatest  height.  Th^B  head 
is  thtcker  than  the  body  and  rather  short  with  an  obtuse  and  moderately  decU v  ous 
Tout,  whose  length  is  about  two-sevenths  that  of  the  head  -^^ -"^^^f^^^f,  ^^^^ f/r 
than  the  diameter  of  the  eye.     The  eye  is  rather  small,  placed  high   its  ^'•^'««ter 
nearly  one-fifth  the  length  of  the  head  and  scarcely  more  than  one-hal    of  the  spa  e 
beTi^erthe  eyes.    Th!  mouth  is  moderate,  very  slightly  oblique,  the   jaws  sub- 
enual  or  the  lower  slightly  included  ;  the  end  of  the  maxilla  reaches  very  slightly 
past   l" vertical  through  the  front  of  the  eye.     Maxillary  barbel  not  eviden    m  this 
example  Although  usually  present  in  large  individuals.    The  lateral  line  is  abruptly 
be^Sownward  over  the  first  half  of  the  pectoral,  straight  and  nearly  median  dur- 
ing the  rest  of  its  course.    The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  over  the  twenty-seventh  sea  e 
oAZ  lateral  line,  and  the  ventral  origin  is  under  the  twenty-fourth  scale     The 
Lngth  of  the  dorsal  base  e.iuals  the  combined  length  of  the  eye  and  snout.     The  hist 
dTvU led  ray  is  the  longest,  Us  length  two-thirds  that  of  the  head.    The  last  ray  is  one- 
half  as  loL  as  the  longest     The  ventral   does  not  reach  to  the  vent;  its  length 
^arceW  greater  than  the  post-orbital  part  of  the  head.    The  anal  origin  is  under  the 
Uitrtv  seventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  length  of  the  anal  base  is  a  little  more 
1 1  one-third  that  of  the  head,  and  the  longest  anal  ray  equals  the  post-orb.tal  part 
o   head.     The  tail  is  rather  slender,  the  least  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  equalling  one- 
half  the  greatest  depth,  and  the  distance  of  the  anal  from  the  origin  of  the  middle 
caudal  nfvs  nearly  equal  to  the  length  of  the  head.    The  pectoral  when  extended 
regies  to  below  the  sixteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.     The  caudal  is  moderate  in 
rid  not  very  deeplyt^K^,Us.y.b..^^^ 

;^;:^S  ^^.'^LI^  l::{^^Xi:%r^Z:^^   those  of  the  r^..  si^le  less 
strongly  hooked.    Teeth  of  the  upper  row  with  a  well  developed  grinding  surface. 

Thelength  ot  thespecimen  described,  No.  21,061,  ^^^^'^^^'^'^^^^'^''''f  ^^^^^^ 
from  the  ius.iuehanna  river  at  Bainbridge.  Pennsylvania,  is  .our  and  one-lourth 

^"Thr'eolor  is  bluish-brown  above  ;  sides  with  a  distinct  dusky  band,  not  so  wide  as 
thleye  and  ^coming  obsolete  in  the  adult.  Young  specimens  have  J  >«  --•  o  ^- 
band  more  pronounced,  forming  a  black  sp<.t  at  the  base  of  the  cau.lal.  A  sma  I 
Wack  spot  alwavs  present  on  the  front  of  the  base  of  the  dorsal,  its  s./.e  in  tluypec.- 
men  desc  ibed  f.eing  about  two-thirds  that  of  the  eye.  In  life  the  be  ly  is  whitish 
Breedtg  m.Ues  have  the  belly  rose-tinted  and  the  black  .lorsal  sjK,t  bordered  with 
red  ;  they  have,  also,  rather  large  tubercles  on  the  snout. 


n 


I 


"^     J 


52 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  common  chub,  creek  chub,  smaller  fall  fish  or  homed  dace  has  a 
wider  distribution  than  S.  bullaris,  but  it  does  not  grow  quite  so  large, 
seldom  exceeding  one  foot  in  length.  Its  range  extends  from  New  Eng- 
land to  Missouri,  southward  to  Georgia  and  Alabama.  It  is  extremely 
common  and  ascends  the  small  streams.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  the  com- 
monest minnow  in  the  Allegheny  and  Susquehanna  basins,  and  is  suffi- 
ciently common  in  the  Delaware.  According  to  Professor  Cope,  it 
reaches  four  pounds  in  weight  and  is  a  fair  food  fish.  This  species  is 
more  characteristic  of  the  small  streams  and  clear  ponds,  and  it  takes 
the  hook  very  freely. 

Genus  PHOXINUS  Aoassiz. 

70.  Phoxinus  elongatus  (Kirtland). 

The  Red-sided  8hinep. 

The  red-sided  shiner  has  an  elongate  fusiform  body,  its  greatest  depth  two-ninths 
of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal,  its  greatest  width  nearly  one-half  of  its  depth. 
The  caudal  peduncle  is  long  and  slender,  its  least  deptli  two-fifths  of  greatest  depth 
of  body.    The  head  is  large,  two-sevenths  of  total  length  without  th^  caudal,  with 
long  pointed  snout  and  wide  mouth.     The  snout  is  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  two-sev- 
enths as  long  as  the  head.    The  widtli  of  the  interorbital  space  is  about  equal  to  the 
diameter  of  the  eye.    The  lower  jaw  projects  strongly.    The  maxilla  reaches  to  be- 
low the  middle  of  the  eye.     Tlie  gill-openings  are  wide,  the  membranes  separated 
by  a  very  narrow  isthmus.    The  dorsal  origin  is  over  the  twenty-fifth  scale  of  the 
lateral  line  ;  the  base  of  the  fin  is  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  is  as 
long  as  the  head  without  the  snout;  the  last  ray  is  about  one-half  as  long  as  the 
longest.     The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  twenty-third  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the 
fin  extends  to  the  vent,  equalling  length  of  eye  and  snout  combined.    The  anal  ori- 
gin is  under  tiie  thirty-seventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  anal  base  is  two-fifths  as 
long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  twice  as  long  as  the  last  ray,  and  one-fourth  of  its 
distance  from  the  tip  of  the  snout.     The  caudal  is  large  and  deeply  forked.     The 
pectoral  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head,  extending  to  below  tlie  seventeenth  scale 
of  the  lateral  line.    The  lateral  line  is  abruptly  decurved  over  tlie  anterior  half  of 
the  pectoral.     D.  iii,  7 ;  .\.  iii,  7  ;  V.  S;  P.  14  ;  scales,  12-63-7   (sometimes  10-70-5)  ; 
teeth,  2,  6-5,  2,  hooked,  some  of  them  with  a  narrow,  grinding  surface.     In  spirits 
the  color  is  dark  brown  ;  a  narrow  dark  stripe  along  the  middle  of  the  side,  extend- 
ing  on  tlie  head  and  around  the  snout ;  the  fins  are  pale.     In  life  the  back  is  dark 
l)luish,  the  belly  silvery ;  breeding  males  have  the  first  half  of  the  lateral   stripe 
crimson  and  the  belly  and  lower  fins  rosy.    The  specimen  described.  No.  8467, 
United  States  National  Museum,  from  Meadville,  Pa.,  is  three  inches  long. 

The  red-sided  minnow  is  found  from  Pennsylvania  to  Minnesota.  In 
this  state  it  occurs  only  in  the  Ohio  basin.  It  reaches  a  length  of  four 
inches. 

71.  Phoxinus  funduloides  (Girard). 

The  nia<'k-8tpipe<l  Dace. 

The  bla(!k-striped  dace  has  a  moderately  elongate  bo<ly  with  a  short  and  deep 
caudal  peduncle.  Tlie  greatest  depth  is  contained  four  times  in  the  total  length 
without  the  caudal,  and  the  least  depth  of  tlie  peduncle  eight  times.  The  head  is 
rather  sliort,  the  snout  short  and  obtuse,  the  lower  jaw  slightly  projecting.    The 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


53 


. 


a^^  i,  lRr.re  nlaced  high,  a  little  longer  than  the  snout,  and  one-tliird  as  long  as  the 
held  The\iouth  is  llrge  and  oblique,  the  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  front  edge 
of  t^e  pupil  The  dorstl  origin  is  slightly  behind  the  ventral  or  gin  and  imu^- 
d  ately  over  the  nineteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  ;  ^  .  ^^  f^/f^-^^-tong 
long  as  the  head  ;  the  longest  ray  is  five-sixths  as  long  as  the  ^^ff ^^ a  d  t_«  ice  as  ^on^ 
L«  f  he  last  rav  The  ventral  reaches  to  the  anal  origin,  its  length  equalling  the  heart 
^ZnTZZoIt^L  pectoral  almost  reaches  the  ventral  origin.  T  --^al  .. 
moderate  in  size  and  deeply  forked.  The  lateral  line  begins  on  the  leN  el  o  the  top 
Ttheeve  and  is  abruptlv  decurved  on  the  first  eleven  scales,  after  which  it  runs 
^li'lg^^rt  root  o'r.-.e  ^uc...   be,„yar  .e.«  .>^ 

tX'^^^utJ:notrnuuU  through  .he  ey,,  hut  -■«■'-■«'  """IT '"Ctahg 
lite  the  dusky  lateral  stripe  is  bounded  above  by  a  narrow  pale  streak.  B.cedmg 
Laie  have  the  belly  and'under  surface  of  head  --•  The  s.««men  ;'-"^«^.  «- 
39,293,  United  States  National  Museun..  from  Four  Mde  Run,  \  a.,  .s  three  and  one 
third  inches  long. 

The  rosy  dace  is  found  from  Pennsylvania  to  North  Carolina     It  is 
common  in  the  Susquehanna  basin,  but  less  so  in  tributaries  o   the  De  - 
aw^rT  Prof.  Cope  described  this  as  the  most  brilliantly  colored  fish 
found  in  Pennsylvania. 
72.  Phoxinus  margaritus  (Cope). 

The  Pearl  Minnow. 
[Clln««t«mus  margarlta  Cope.     Cypr.  of  Pennsylvania,  1866,  page  377.] 
-The  mu/zle  obtuse,  mouth  oblique,  scarcely  attaining  the  line  of  the  anterior 
,     «Tth«  nrWt.     Head  four  times  in   body  to  base  of  caudal  fin,  equal  to  great- 
3st  depth.     Eye  t»>ree  touru  exposed  on  anterior  than  on  posterior  re- 

is  C   19  A    1.8.  V.  8,  extending  three-fourths  from  their  origin  to  the  anus .  P.  1-, 

"rpTo^i^Ingln tuTai^  To  ZTotf^r..  dorsal  ray,  12 1. ;  from  latter  to  opposite  pos- 
te  rrZrgXr^S  l.;fromsametoendof  muz.le,  13.51.;  base  first  anal  ray  to 
vfaHrof  ^ifdal  8 1  -end  mu.zle  to  base  ventrals,  12 1. ;  total  length,  2  in.  6  lin. 
'^:::^!^^  li.ht Olive,  without  dorsal  line  but  '^^^:f^rZX 
sal  fin,  with  a  minute  slaty  dusting,  and  a  few  ateral  speckles  "  J''^  «"^;^;,^^!^  *^".;  ,, 
half-^^^V  above  the  lateral  line  with  opercula,  plumbeous  s.Uerj  ^>«1;  ^  'J^^ 
crimson  (in  midsummer)  t..  lower  margins  of  pectora  and  ventral  fins,  median 
line  below,  straw-colored.     Muzzle  blackish  :  h.is  unspotted. 

The  pearl  minnow  is  limited  to  the  Susquehanna  river  and  its  tribu- 
taries. It  is  a  stout-bodied  little  species,  growing  to  a  length  of  only 
three  inches. 

Gents  NOTEMIGONUS  Kafinksque. 

73.  Notemigonus  chrysoleucus  (MixcmLL). 

The  Iloaih.      (^Figure  iJ-), 

j:e:^nr'^hX:h:;='i:o:^-- 


\ 


I 


54 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


tail ;  the  head  is  contained  four  and  two-thirds  times  in  this  length.  The  eye  is  con- 
tained three  and  one-half  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.  The  mouth  is  small, 
oblique,  the  maxillary  not  reaching  to  vertical  through  front  of  eye. 

The  dorsal  t\u  is  much  higher  than  long,  its  base  is  e<iual  to  the  least  depth  of  the 
caudal  peduncle  or  twice  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  situated  on  middle  of  body  oppo- 
site the  space  between  the  ventral  and  anal  fins.  Anal  longer  than  dorsal,  its  long- 
est ray  slightly  exceeding  the  length  of  the  base.  Caudal  forked.  Lateral  line 
nnicli  decurved  on  lower  half  of  l)ody  behind  pectorals. 

D.  8 ;  A.  13 ;  scales,  10-5:i-3  ;  teeth,  5-5,  hooked  and  with  grinding  surface. 

The  roach,  shiner,  golden  shiner  or  bream  is  one  of  the  commonest 
fishes  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  found  from  New  Engrland  to  Minnesota 
and  southward.  A  variety  of  the  roach  replaces  the  common  northern 
form  from  North  Carolina  to  Texas. 

The  roach  grows  to  a  length  of  one  foot  and  a  weight  of  one  and  one- 
half  pounds.  It  frequents  sluggish  waters,  abounding  in  bayous  and 
weedy  ponds,  as  well  as  in  tidal  waters.  According  to  Jordan  its  favor- 
ite shelter  is  the  yellow  pond  lily.  It  may  be  readily  distinguished  by 
its  shape,  which  resembles  that  of  the  shad,  and  by  the  very  long  anal 
fin,  which  contains  from  fourteen  to  seventeen  rays.  The  colors  of  this 
fish  are  greenish  above,  and  the  sides  silvery  Avith  golden  reflections. 
Fins  usually  yellowish ;  lower  fins  scarlet  in  breeding  males.  Although 
the  roach  is  not  a  good  food  fish,  it  is  taken  by  the  hook  in  large  num- 
bers, and  is  a  very  useful  species  for  bait. 

Genis  CARASSIUS  Nilsson. 

74.  Carassius  auratus  (Linn.i:us). 

The  Gold  Pish.     (  Fifjnre  4.i. ) 
The  body  of  tlie  gold  fish  is  oblong  in  shape,  stout,  with  the  back  elevated  and 
compressed.     Its  depth  at  dorsal  origin  is  contained  about  two  and  one-lialf  times  in 
the  total  length  without  the  tail ;  the  head  is  contained  three  and  one-third  times  in 
this  length.    The  head  is  small  in  front  of  eye,  being  depressed  on  snout  and  the 
<lorf^al  profile  from  tip  of  snout  to  dorsal  fin  is  very  «teop.     Tlie  rather  small  eye 
equals  one-fifth  or  less  length  of  head.     The  mouth  is  rather  snuill,  the  maxilla  not 
reaching  vertical  from  front  of  eye.  obli«iue  and  terminal.     No  barbels.    Teeth  com- 
pressed, 4-4.    The  dorsal  fin  is  high  and  long,  commencing  over  the  seventh  scale  of 
the  lateral  lino  and  running  back  to  near  the  caudal.     Its  longest  rays,  first  and 
second,  a  little  longer  than  the  spine,  equal  to  one-half  depth  of  body,  or  length  of 
head  from  pupil  to  its  posterior  end.     From  the  tliird  to  the  last  the  rays  gradually 
decrease  in  size,  the  last  being  less  than  one-half  the  length  of  the  longest.     The  first 
dorsal  spine  is  minute,  one-fourth  length  of  second,  which  is  strongly  ami  <'oarsely 
serrated.    The  anal  is  short,  the  length  of  its  base  being  but  two  thirds  length  of  its 
longest  rays;  first  spinesmall,  one-third  length  of  second,  whicli  is  stout  and  serrated. 
Pectoral  fin  broatl  and  rounded,  its  length  three-fifths  that  of  licad,  or  e«iual  to  longest 
anal  ray.     It  reaches  to  ventral,  wliich  is  placed  well  forward.     Caudal  fin  largi'. 
Scales  large,  deeper  tlian  long;  lateral  line  median,  complete,  almost  straight.     D. 
II,  18 ;  A.  II,  7  ;  V.  9.     Scales,  5-30-6.     The  specimen  «lescribed,  No.  22,107  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  from  the  «-arp  pon(Js  at  Washington,  D.  C,  is  eight  inches  long. 

The  common  gold  fish  or  silver  fish  is  a  native  of  Asia,  from  whence 
it  was  introduced  into  Europe,  and  from  there  into  America,  where  it  is 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


55 


now  one  of  the  commonest  aquarium  fishes,  and  is  extremely  abundant 
in  many  of  our  streams.  In  Pennsylvania  it  abounds  m  the  Delaware 
and  Schuylkill  rivers.  It  is  extremely  variable  m  color  and  form, 
usually  orange,  or  mottled  with  black  and  orange,  but  in  some  streams 
silvery  individuals  are  more  common  than  any  of  the  mottled  varieties^ 
It  grows  to  a  length  of  twelve  inches  and  is  an  indifferent  food  fish.  It 
spawns  early  in  the  spring,  and  in  pond  culture  it  is  subject  to  many 
dangers  and  attacked  by  numerous  enemies.  The  species,  however,  is 
extremely  hardy,  prolific  and  tenacious  of  life. 

Gekus  CYPRINUS  LiNNiEus. 
76.  Cyprinus  carpio  LisNJius. 

The  Carp.  {  Fig  tire  1.) 
The  carp  has  a  stout  and  moderately  elongate  body  and  a  small  head.  The  grea^ 
esldepth  equals  one-third  of  the  length  without  the  caudal  fin.  The  eng  h  of  the 
readTslarly  one-fourth  of  the  total  to  the  base  of  the  tail.  The  caudal  peduncle  ,s 
Ibol  twi-tSis  as  deep  as  the  body,  and  the  caudal  fin  is  strongly  forked^  The  eye 
Imerr"     o^^^^^^^  and  one'llalf  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.    The  mouth 

fsmrdera'erhe  upper  jaw  not  extending  to  front  of  eye.  The  dorsal  begms  at  a 
diZeetoln  tip  of  snou^  equal  to  twice  length  of  head  ;  the  length  of  .ts  -««  equa  « 
fwtelengtl  of  pectoral;  the  longest  ray  equals  length  of  '^^^^  ^J^*^""^,  ^^^^^^^^^^ 
Ihelast  rav  is  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  anal  begins  under  the  filteenth  ray 
of  tie  d^rsa  Vriongest  rav  is  two-thinls  as  long  as  the  head,  and  xnore  than  twice 
!«L  «rthe  last  rav  •  the  Tength  of  its  base  is  about  two-fifthslength  of  head.    The 

dorsal  rav  The  pectoral  is  nearly  one-fifth  of  total  length  without  the  caudal.  The 
onrspines  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  are  strongly  serrate  along  the.r  hmder  edges.     A 

Cbelorthe  upper  lip  and  another  at  the  angle  of  the  m<.uth  on  each  s.de ;  he 
'o'ge  tirbel  about  eq' al  to  dian.cter  of  eye.    '^-oe  yarieUes  are^^^^^^^^ 

«..„l«   mirror  and  leather  carp-based  chiefly  on  the  scahngof  the  body.    The  leather 

Trnis^v  nakea^^^     is  said  to  be  the  best  variety ;  the  mirror  carp  has  a  ew 

HrL  scales    i^^r^^^^^^^  placed,  and  the  scale  variety  has  the   body  completely 

:Xd."  T^e  coutf  is  oliLLous,  varying  into  dusky  and  bl ue.     In  U.e    cathe^  carp 

the  lower  parts  are  more  or  less  sutlused  with  yellowish.  D.  Ill,  20 .  A.  Ill,  o  .  X  .  1,  -  . 

P.  15 ;  scales,  6-38-5. 

The  carp  is  a  native  of  Asia  aiui  has  been  introduced  into  Europe  and 
America  as  a  food  tish,  chiefly  for  pond  culture;  iUlu;m>s  m  allwa.-m 
and  temperate  parts  of  the  United  States  and  reaches  its  H«t  condition 
in  open  'vatem  In  Texas  it  h,«,  grown  to  a  lengtli  of  twentj-thrce 
inches  in  eleven  months  after  plantiug.  The  leather  variety  is  niost 
har<ly  for  transportation,  Mr.  Hessel  has  taken  tlie  carp  in  the  Black 
and  Caspian  seas:  salt  water  seems  not  to  be  objectionable  to  ,t,  and  it 
will  live  in  stagnant  pools,  although  its  flesh  will  be  decidedly  mferior 
in  such  watei-s.  The  carp  hibernates  in  winter,  except  m  warm  lati 
tildes,  takes  no  food  and  does  not  grow,  its  increase  in  »i/.e  m  temper- 
ate latitudes  occurs  only  from  May  to  August.  ,        1-  • 

».,.,■»<?«.  ^„«.-The  spawning  season  begins  in  May  and  continues  in 
8„me  localities  until  August.     A  carp  weighing  four  to  hve  pounds,  ac- 


56 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


cording-  to  Mr.  Hessel,  yields  from  four  hundred  thousand  to  five  hun- 
dred thousand  eg-gs;  the  scale  carp  contains  rather  more  than  the  other 
varieties.  During-  the  spawning-  the  fish  frequently  rise  to  the  surface, 
the  female  accompanied  by  two  or  three  males.  The  female  drops  the 
eggs  at  intervals  during  a  period  of  some  days  or  weeks  in  shallow 
water  on  aquatic  plants.  The  egRS  adhere  in  lumps  to  plants,  twigfs 
and  stones.     The  hatching-  period  varies  from  twelve  to  sixteen  days. 

Size. — According  to  Hessel  the  average  weight  of  a  carp  at  three 
years  is  from  three  to  three  and  one-fourth  pounds ;  with  abundance  of 
food  it  will  increase  more  rapidly  in  weight.  The  carp  continues  to  add 
to  its  circumference  until  its  thirty -fifth  year,  and  in  the  southern  parts 
of  Europe  Mr.  Hessel  has  seen  individuals  weighing  forty  pounds  and 
measuring  three  and  one-half  feet  in  length  and  two  and  three-fourths 
feet  in  circumference.  A  carp  weighing  sixty -seven  pounds  and  with 
scales  two  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter  was  killed  in  the  Danube  in 
1853.  There  is  a  record  of  a  giant  specimen  of  ninety  pounds  from  lake 
Zug  in  Switzerland.  Examples  weighing  twenty-four  pounds  have 
been  caught  recently  in  the  Potomac  river  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Food. — The  carp  lives  principally  on  vegetable  food,  preferably  the 
seeds  of  water  plants,  such  as  the  water  lilies,  wild  rice  and  water  oats. 
It  will  eat  lettuce,  cabbage,  soaked  barley,  wheat,  rice,  corn,  insects  and 
their  larvje,  worms  and  meats  of  various  kinds.  It  can  readily  be  caught 
with  dough,  grains  of  barley  or  wheat,  worms,  maggots,  wasp  larva}  and 
sometimes  with  pieces  of  beef  or  fish. 


Order  isospondyli. 

Family  HIODONTIDiE.     (The  Moon  eyes). 

Genus  HIODON  Le  Siedr. 

In  the  moon-eyes  the  body  is  oblong,  compressed,  covered  with  cycloid  silvery 
scales  of  moderate  size.  Head  short,  naked,  with  obtuse  snout  and  no  barbels.  The 
mouth  is  terminal,  of  moderate  size  ;  jaws  subequal.  The  margin  of  the  upper  jaw  is 
formed  by  the  non-protractile  intcrmaxillaries  and  the  slender  maxiliaries,  which 
are  articulated  to  the  end  of  the  intermaxillaries.  The  opercular  apparatus  is  com- 
plete. Intermaxillary  and  mandible  with  small  cardiforni  teeth,  wide  set.  Feeble 
teeth  on  the  maxiliaries.  A  row  of  marginal  teeth  on  the  tongue;  those  in  front 
very  strong  canines.  A  l)and  of  short  close-set  teeth  on  mitidle  of  tongue.  Vomer- 
ine teeth  small,  close  set,  in  a  long  double  series.  Teetli  on  the  palatine,  sphenoid 
and  pterygoid  bones.  Tlie  lower  jaw  is  retreived  within  tlie  upper,  so  that  the  man- 
dibulary  teeth  are  opposite  to  those  on  the  palatine  bone.  The  very  large  eye  lias  a 
little-developed  adipose  eyelid.  Nostrils  large,  close  together,  with  a  tiap  betwetn 
them.  Gill  membranes  deeply  cleft,  free  from  isthmus,  their  base  covered  by  a  fold 
of  skin.    Branchiostegals  eight  to  ten.     No  pseudobranchia>.  Gill  rakers  sliort,  thick 


•^ 


CD 


OO- 

CD 

cn 
cn 


I— < 
cn 

CO 
O 

< 


56 


FISHES  (iF  rKXXSY/J'AXJJ. 


coidin<:  to  Mr.  Hesscl,  yit'ltls  from  four  hundred  thousuiid  to  five  liuu- 
dretl  tliousaml  e<j;-<:rs;  the  scale  carp  coutaius  rather  more  than  the  (jther 
varieties.  During-  the  spawnintj-  the  lish  frequently  rise  to  the  surface, 
the  female  aeeompanied  by  two  or  three  males.  The  female  drops  the 
e«;*;^s  at  interva.ls  durinjif  a  period  of  some  days  or  weeks  in  shallow 
water  on  a(|uatie  plants.  The  efirffs  adhere  in  lumps  to  plants,  twig-s 
and  stones.     The  hatehin*?-  period  varies  from  twelve  to  sixteen  days. 

^V,-r.—  Ai'cordiu^'  to  Hessel  the  averap'  wei«>fht  of  a  carp  at  three 
y«^ars  is  fiom  three  to  three  and  one-fourth  pounds-,  with  abundance  of 
food  it  will  increase  more  rapidly  in  weij^dit.  The  carp  continues  to  add 
to  its  circumference  until  its  thirty-tifth  year,  and  in  th<'  southern  parts 
of  Kuroix^  Mr.  Hessel  has  seen  individuals  weiprhinjj:  forty  pounds  and 
measurinjr  three  and  one-half  feet  in  lenjzth  and  tv.o  and  three-fourths 
feet  in  circumference.  A  carj)  weitrhiuL'"  sixty-seven  pounds  and  with 
scales  two  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter  was  killed  in  tin-  Danube  in 
ISoS.  There  is  a  record  of  apriiint  specimen  of  ninety  ]iounds  from  lake 
Zncr  in  Switzerland.  Exampl<^s  weij^rhintr  twenty-four  pounds  have 
been  caujrht  recently  in  the  Potomac  river  at  AVashinj^ton,  D.  C. 

Fofx/. — The  carp  lives  princii)ally  on  vejjfetable  food,  preferal>ly  the 
seeds  of  water  ]>lants,  such  as  the  water  lilies,  wild  rice  and  water  oats. 
It  will  eat  lettuce,  eabbajre,  soaked  bailey,  wheat,  rice,  corn,  insects  and 
their  larv;e.  worms  and  meats  of  various  kinds.  It  can  readily  be  <au<zht 
with  doufrh.  <rrains  of  barley  or  wheat,  worms,  majrffots,  wasp  larva'  and 
sometimes  with  pieces  of  beef  or  tish. 


(iHhKK  ISOSIMlNhVLI. 
Family  HIODONTID-ffi.      (The   Moon  kves). 

(iEMs  HIODON   Lk  Si  Ei'H. 

In  ihf  iiHKiu-t'y<-s  tiM'  IiimIv  is  ohloii^,  coiiiprcsscMl.  <-<>vt'rctl  witli  cyflniil  silvery 
scales*  i>f  iiUMltTuti'  si/c.  II«'h<I  slimt.  naked,  with  olitnsi- snout  an<l  ru>  Iiui'Im'Is.  'I'lir 
month  is  terniin.-il.  of  inoHcratf  si/i-  ;  Jaws  snlK'qnai.  'IMk-  nnirKin  of  tin-  up|>rr  j;i\v  is 
lornu'il  hy  till'  non-proiraftilr  int«rina.\illarics  an<l  the  slemler  nia.xiliarics,  wliirli 
ai«' articnlated  to  tin' rnd  of  liic  inlcrniaxiUarit's.  The  opcn-nlar  apparatns  is  «'oni- 
jtlele.  Iniennaxillar.N  and  tnaniiilile  witli  small  <'ardit'orm  teetii.  wide  set.  I'eehh' 
teeiii  on  tlie  niM-xillaries.  .\  row  of  niaririnal  tct-th  oji  the  toiiijne:  those  in  front 
XiTV  stionj.r  eanines.  A  hand  of  short  i-lose-set  teeth  on  nddille  of  tonj^ue.  Vomer- 
ine teeth  sniidl,  eloso  set.  in  a  lonj;  doiilije  series.  Teeth  on  the  palatine,  sphenoiil 
:in<l  pteryuoid  liones.  I'he  lower  jaw  is  reeeived  within  the  npper,  so  that  the  ma!i- 
dil'uliU\\  ti-eili  are  opposite  to  those  on  tlie  palatine  hone.  Tin»  very  larye  eye  lias  a 
little-deMli.pt  (|  adipose  eyelid.  Nostrils  larire.  elose  top-ther,  with  a  llaplietweMi 
them.  'hU  nifiidiranes  deeply  eleft.  fre<' from  isthmns,  their  Itase  eoverid  hyafold 
of  skin,     liranihiostetrals  eiirhl  to  ten.      .No  pseiidohranehia'.  <Jill  raki  i  s  siinrt.  tld<'k 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


CD 


Ln 


cn 

-r* 

l-M 

in 

CD 

-xi 

< 
> 

«; — 1 

> 

cd 
> 


and  few  in  number.  A  straight  and  well-developed  lateral  line.  Belly  without 
scutes.  No  adipose  fin.  Dorsal  fin  over  the  caudal  part  of  the  vertebral  column. 
Anal  long  and  low.  Ventrals  large.  Caudal  deeply  forked.  Stomach  horseshoe- 
shaped,  with  blind  sac.  Intestine  short.  One  pyloric  appendage.  Air  bladder  large 
and  simple.    The  eggs  fall  into  the  abdominal  cavity  before  exclusion. 

76.  Hiodon  alosoides  Rafinesque. 

The  Northern  Moon-eye.     {Fiijare  44.) 

Body  deep,  much  compressed,  its  greatest  depth  equalling  two-sevenths  of  the 
total  without  caudal.  The  head  is  short,  containing  the  length  of  the  eye  about 
three  and  one-half  times,  and  equalling  a  little  more  than  one-fifth  of  the  total  with- 
out caudal.  The  snout  is  very  blunt,  the  mouth  large  and  oblique,  the  maxilla 
reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  eye.  There  is  a  well-developed  keel  along  the 
entire  length  of  the  belly.  D.  9  ;  A.  32  ;  scales,  6-57-7.  The  general  color  is  bluish, 
silvery  on  the  sides,  with  golden  reflections. 

The  northern  moon-eye  is  found  from  the  Ohio  river  throughout 
the  Great  Lake  region  to  the  Saskatchewan.  It  is  very  common  in 
Manitoba  and  other  parts  of  British  America.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is 
limited  to  the  western  region.  It  is  very  readily  distinguished  from 
the  other  species  of  the  genus  by  its  short  dorsal  fin,  which  contains 
only  nine  rays.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  about  one  foot.  The  flesh  is 
not  greatly  esteemed,  but  it  is  a  beautiful  fish,  and  has  excellent  game 
qualities. 

77.  Hiodon  tergrisus  Le  Sueur. 

The  Moon-eye. 

The  shape  of  the  body  is  similar  to  that  of  the  northern  moon-eye.  The  belly  has 
a  slight,  but  obtuse  keel  in  front  of  the  ventrals  and  is  compressed  to  a  rather 
sharp  edge  behind  the  ventrals.  Head  short,  its  length  two-ninths  of  total  without 
caudal  ;  the  eye  much  longer,  about  one-third  length  of  head.  The  greatest  depth 
of  tlie  body  is  nearly  one-third  of  total  length.  The  pectoral  is  as  long  as  the  head 
without  the  snout;  the  ventral  not  mucli  more  than  two-thirds  length  of  head  ;  its 
origin  is  under  the  eighteenth  scale  of  ilie  lateral  line.  The  anal  origin  is  under  the 
seventh  developed  ray  of  the  dorsal.  The  longest  anal  ray  is  less  than  one-half 
liead.  The  anal  base  is  as  long  as  the  head  ;  its  last  ray  is  less  than  one-half  longest 
»*ay.  The  anal  has  a  deep  notch.  The  longest  dorsafl  ray  is  little  more  than  length 
of  dorsal  base.  The  last  ray  is  not  much  more  than  one-half  longest.  The  caudal  is 
deeply  forked. 

D.  12  ;  A.  28  to  32.     Scales  6-58-8. 

Upper  parts  greenish  in  life,  the  sides  and  abdomen  brilliant  silvery. 

This  species  is  called  moon-eye,  toothed  herring  and  silver  bass.  It 
is  found  in  Canada,  the  Great  Lake  region  and  tlie  upper  part  of  the 
Mississippi  valley,  being  very  common  in  large  streams  and  lakes.  It 
abounds  in  Lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio,  and  is  seined  in  large  numbers. 

This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  one  foot  and,  like  the  other,  although 
a  beautiful  fish  and  possessed  of  excellent  game  qualities,  itsileshisfull 
of  small  bones.  It  is  a  good  fish  for  the  aquarium.  It  will  take  a  min- 
now or  the  artificial  fly  very  readily  and  the  utmost  skill  is  required  in 
its  capture.     Its  food  consists  of  insects,  small  fishes  and  crustaceans. 


i 


58 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Dr.  Richardson  describes  this  fish  as  a  member  of  the  minnow  family, 
which,  he  says,  is  known  to  the  Canadians  under  the  name  La  Quesche. 
The  fish  is  described  as  having  the  back  brilliant  green,  sides  and  ab- 
domen with  a  silvery  lustre.  The  specimens  which  were  taken  in  the 
Richelieu,  where  it  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  were  about  nine  or  ten 
inches  long. 

Family  CLUPEID^.   The  Herrings. 

Genus  CLiUPEA  (Artedi)  LiNNiEUs. 

The  genus  Clupea,  which  includes  the  shad,  river  ale  wife  or  hening 
and  the  Ohio  golden  shad  or  skip-jack,  admits  of  division  into  several 
subgenera,  one  of  which  includes  the  common  sea  herring  and  other 
marine  species,  another  the  shad  and  still  another  the  river  alewives. 
The  latter  have  the  suborbital  bone  longer  than  deep  and  are  supplied 
with  teeth  on  the  tongue  and  in  some  species  in  the  jaws. 

78.  Clupea  vernalis  Mitchill. 

The  Branch  Horrinj;.    (^Figure  45.) 

Body  deep  and  heavy  forwards,  much  compressed.  Its  greatest  depth  at  dorsal 
origin,  equals  one-lhird  of  total  length  to  base  of  tail.  The  least  depth  of  caudal  pe- 
duncle equals  but  one-half  length  of  head.  The  head  is  short,  being  almost  as  deep 
as  long,  al)out  one-tifih  of  the  standard  length.  The  eye  is  large,  deeper  than  long, 
its  length  slightly  greater  tlian  its  distance  from  tip  of  snout,  about  three  and  one- 
half  in  head.  Maxillary  broad,  extending  to  the  vertical  througli  pupil ;  upper  jaw 
emarginate,  lower  jaw  slightly  projecting.  Length  of  dorsal  base  almost  equal  to 
thatof  liead;  its  liighest  ray  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  l»Hse  or  equal  to  anal 
base.  The  anal  is  low,  its  longest  ray  being  cciual  to  length  of  eye.  Caudal  deeply 
forked  i)artially  scaled  near  base.  f^ength  of  pectoral  less  than  that  of  dorsal 
base. 

1).  16;   A.  17  to  19  ;  scales  50  to  54  ;  transverse  15. 

In  the  male  the  dorsal  is  higher,  its  longest  ray  about  equal  to  length  of  dorsal 
base,  or  about  two-tliirds  length  of  head.  Color  on  l)ack  blue,  silvery  and  paler  on 
sides  and  underneath.  .\  black  spot  behind  head.  Dusky  lines  on  body,  which  are 
only  visible  on  largo  examples. 

Described  froni  No.  27,197,  U^iited  States  National  Museum,  Irom  Potomac  River; 
length  eleven  inches. 

The  branch  herring,  river  hen'ing,  or  alewife,  has  a  variety  of  addi- 
tional names.  It  is  the  ellwife  or  ellwhop  of  Connecticut  River,  the 
spring  herring  of  New  York,  the  big-eyed  and  walleyed  herring  of  the 
Albemarle,  the  saw-belly  of  Maine,  the  gray-back  of  Massachusetts,  the 
gaspereau  of  Canada,  little  shad  of  certain  localities,  and  the  Cayuga 
Lake  shad  of  New  York. 

Distribution.— The  recorded  range  of  the  branch  herring  is  from  the 
Neuse  river,  North  Carolina,  to  the  Miramichi  river,  in  New  Brunswick, 
ascending  streams  to  their  headwaters  for  the  purpose  of  spawning. 
The  fish  is  found  abundant  in  Cayuga  and  Seneca  lakes,  N.  Y.,  where  it 
has  probably  made  its  way  naturally.  In  Lake  Ontario,  since  the  intro- 
iluction  there  of  shad,  the  alewife  has  become  so  plentiful  as  to  cause 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


59 


,i 


i 


great  difliculty  to  fishermen,  and  its  periodical  mortality  is  a  serious 
menace  to  the  health  of  people  living  in  the  vicinity.  The  belief  is  that 
the  fish  were  unintentionally  introduced  with  the  shad.  In  Pennsylva- 
nia the  branch  alewife  occurs  in  the  Delaware  and  the  Susquehanna  in 
great  numbers  in  early  spring. 

Size.— Thi^  alewife  seldom  exceeds  one  foot  in  length,  the  average 
market  examples  being  about  ten  inches.  The  weight  of  the  largest  is 
about  one-half  pound,  and  the  average  weight  is  about  five  or  six 

ounces. 

Habits.— The  fish  enter  the  rivers  earlier  than  the  shad  and  return  to 
the  sea,  or  to  estuaries  adjacent  to  the  river  mouths  at  some  undeter- 
mined date  in  the  fall.  During  the  summer  months,  enormous  schools 
of  full  grown,  but  sexually  immature  alewives  migrate  along  the  coast, 
feeding  upon  small  crustaceans,  and  themselves  furnishing  food  for  blue- 
fish,  sharks,  porpoises  and  other  predaceous  animals;  but  none  of  them 
are  known  to  enter  fresh  watere.  In  the  rivers  the  alewives  appear  to 
eat  nothing,  but  they  can  be  captured  with  small  artificial  flies  of  various 
colors.  Their  eggs  are  somewhat  adhesive  and  number  from  sixty  thou- 
sand to  one  hundred  thousand  to  the  individual.  They  are  deposited 
in  shoal  water;  spawning  begins  when  the  river  water  is  at  55  to  60  de- 
grees Fahrenheit.  The  period  of  hatching  is  not  definitely  known,  but 
is  believed  to  exceed  four  days. 

Qrowth.— During  the  spring  and  summer  the  young  grow  to  a  length 
of  two  or  three  inches;  after  their  departure  from  the  streams  nothing 
is  known  of  their  progress,  but  it  is  believed  that  they  reach  maturity 
in  four  years.  We  have  no  means  of  learning  the  age  of  the  immature 
fish  seen  in  great  schools  oflf  shore,  and  thus  far  the  rate  of  growth  is 

unsettled. 

Uses  and  capture.— The  branch  alewife,  although  full  of  small  bones, 
is  a  very  valuable  food  fish,  and  is  consumed  in  the  fresh  condition  as 
well  as  dry  salted,  pickled  and  smoked.  The  fry  can  be  reared  in  ponds 
by  placing  adults  in  the  waters  to  be  stocked  a  little  before  their  spawn- 
ing season,  and  they  make  excellent  food  for  bass,  rock  fish,  trout,  sal- 
mon and  other  choice  fishes.  The  proper  utilization  of  the  immense 
over-supply  of  these  fish  in  Lake  Ontario  has  become  a  serious  economic 
problem.  Seines,  gill-nets,  traps  and  pounds  are  used  in  the  capture  of 
alewives,  and  anglers  often  take  them  in  large  numbers  with  artificial 
flies. 

79.  Clupea  chrysochloris  Rafinesque. 

The  Ciohlen  Sliail. 

This  species  has  a  few  strong  and  distinct  teeth  in  the  jaws,  the  lower  jaw  strongly 
projecting,  the  caudal  peduncle  stout  and  tlie  belly  strongly  serrated.  In  shape  the 
body  resembles  that  of  the  sea  herring;  it  is  compressed,  rather  low,  its  depth 
slightly  more  than  one-lourth  of  the  total  length  witliout  caudal  and  about  equal  to 
the  length  of  the  head.    The  eye  is  large,  nearly  one-fourth  length  of  head  ;  the 


L 


60 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


maxilla  extends  nearly  to  the  hind  margin  of  the  eye  ;  the  length  of  the  upper  jaw 
is  more  than  one-half  length  of  head.  The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  over  the  ninth 
series  of  scales,  and  the  length  of  its  base  corresponds  with  ten  rows  of  scales.  The 
ventral  origin  is  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal ;  the  fin  is  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head.  The  pectoral  reaches  the  fourteenth  series  of  scales  of  the  lateral  line ;  its 
length  ia  two-thirds  that  of  the  head.  The  anal  is  moderately  long  and  low ;  its  long- 
est ray  about  twice  length  of  eye  and  one-half  length  of  its  base.  The  longest  dorsal 
ray  equals  postorbital  part  of  head.  The  caudal  is  deeply  forked.  There  are  twenty, 
three  gill  rakers  below  the  angle  of  the  first  arch.  P.  iii,  15 ;  A.  iii,  16.  Scales  15- 
52  to  58.  Scutes  20-f  13  to  14.  The  body  is  blue  with  reflections  of  green  and  gold  ;  the 
lower  parts  silvery. 

The  golden  shad  or  skip-jack  is  a  common  inhabitant  of  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  valleys  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  In  Pennsylvania  this  fish 
is  confined  to  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries.  It  prefers  larij-e  streams.  It 
has  made  its  way  into  the  Great  Lakes  through  canals.  The  presence 
of  the  golden  shad  in  the  salt  water  of  the  Gulf  Mexico  was  discovered 
by  Mr.  Silas  Steams,  near  Pensacola,  Florida.  This  species  grows  to  a 
length  of  eighteen  inches. 

Unlike  most  other  species  of  Clupea  this  one,  according  to  observa- 
tions of  Professor  S.  A.  Forbes,  in  Illinois,  is  predaceous,  feeding  upon 
other  fishes.  Two  examples  examined  by  him  had  eaten  gizzard  shad 
(Dorosoma),  and  another  one  individuals  of  some  unidentified  fish.  The 
young  of  the  golden  shad,  two  and  one-fourth  inches  long,  had  consumed 
nothing  but  terrestrial  insects  including  flies,  small  spiders,  etc. 

As  far  as  we  can  learn,  it  never  ascends  small  streams.  In  the  lower 
part  of  the  Mississippi  valley  it  migrates  into  salt  water:  in  the  upper 
portion  of  this  region  its  permanent  residence  is  in  fresh  water.  The 
name  skip-jack  is  given  in  allusion  to  its  habit  of  skipping  along  the 
surface  of  the  water.  Having  many  small  bones  and  its  flesh  being 
tasteless  this  fish  has  no  value  for  food. 

80.  Clupea  sapidissima  Wilson. 

The  Shad.    {Figured.) 

The  shad  is  now  referred  to  the  genus  Clupea,  but  differs  from  the  typical  sea  her- 
ring in  the  shape  of  tlie  cheek  bone,  wliicli  is  somewhat  deeper  than  long.  The 
adult  is  toothless,  but  the  young  has  well-developed,  though  small,  teeth  in  the  jaws, 
which  sometimes  persist  until  the  fish  has  reached  a  length  of  fifteen  inches.  To  this 
subgenus  the  name  Alosa  was  given  by  Cuvier. 

The  shad  lias  a  deep  body  and  a  largo  mouth,  with  the  jaws  about  equal.  The  gill 
rakers  are  very  long  and  slender,  varying  with  age  from  forty  to  sixty  below  the 
angleof  the  first  arch.  In  the  female  the  dorsal  originates  a  little  in  front  of  the 
middle  of  tlie  length,  in  the  male  somewhat  farther  in  front.  The  dorsal  ot  the  male 
is  rather  higher  than  that  of  the  female,  wliile  the  body  is  not  so  deep.  In  the  female 
the  greatest  <lepth  is  one-third  of  the  total  without  caudal,  and  the  length  of  the  head 
two-ninths.  In  the  male  the  length  of  the  head  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  without 
caudal. 

The  dorsal  has  thirteen  divided  rays  and  four  simple  ones;  anal,  nineteen  divided 
and  three  simple.     Scales,  16-60  to  65.     Scutes,  22-f- 16. 

The  color  is  bluish  or  greenish  with  much  silvery.  A  dusky  blotch  close  behind 
the  head,  two-thirds  as  largo  as  the  eye,  and  frequently  from  several  to  many  in  ono 
or  two  rows  behind  this.     The  lining  of  the  belly  walls  is  pale. 


CD 
CO 


W 


pi 


CD 


zn 

O 
< 


^  j 


W 

CO 


f    ' 


60 


FISHES  OF  rEXXSYLrJXJA. 


lUiixilla  cxtemls  nearly  lo  ilu'  hin<t  inar{;i"  <>f  the  eye;  the  lenj;lli  of  the  upper  jaw- 
is  more  than  one-halt  lenffth  <.l  liead.  'I'iie  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  over  the  ninth 
series  of  scales,  atnl  the  leii^'tii  of  its  base  corresponds  with  ten  rows  of  scales.  The 
ventral  origin  is  under  tlie  niidtile  of  the  dorsal  ;  the  fin  is  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head.  The  pectoral  reaches  the  fourteentlj  series  of  scales  of  the  lateral  line;  its 
length  is  two-thinls  that  of  the  head.  The  anal  is  moderately  long  and  low  ;  its  long- 
est ray  ahout  twice  length  of  eye  and  one-half  length  of  itshase.  Thelongest  ilorsal 
rav  e<iuals  postorliilal  part  of  liead.  Thecaudal  is  deeply  forked.  Tiiere  are  twenty, 
three  gill  rakers  Itelow  the  angle  of  the  tirst  arch.  I>.  iii,  15;  A.  iii,  1«».  Scales  15- 
5'.!  to  r>S.  Scutes  20  l.'>  to  14.  The  iiody  is  hlue  w  ith  reliectionsof  green  and  gold  :  the 
lower  parts  silvery. 

The  ofolden  shad  or  skip-jack  is  a  commou  inhabitant  of  the  Ohio  and 
Mississijjpi  valleys  and  tlie  Criilf  of  Mexico.  In  Pennsylvania  this  tish 
is  confined  to  thi'  Ohio  and  its  tributaries.  It  prefers  larire  streams.  It 
has  made  its  way  into  the  Gretit  Lakes  throuo^h  canals.  The  presence 
of  the  ffolden  shad  in  the  salt  watei-  of  the  Gulf  Mexico  was  discovered 
by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns,  near  Pensacola,  Florida  This  species  jrrows  to  a 
lenf^th  of  eijjrhteen  inches. 

Unlike  most  other  s])ecies  of  C/apea  this  one,  accordinfr  to  observa- 
tions of  Professor  S.  A.  Forbes,  in  Illinois,  is  i)redaceous,  feedinjr  upon 
other  fishes.  Two  extimples  examined  by  him  had  eaten  jrizzard  shad 
{Dorosotiia),  and  auotht^r  one  individuals  of  some  unidentified  fish.  The 
yoiins'  of  the  jjfolden  sluid,  two  and  oiK'fourth  inches  lonj;,  had  consumed 
nothin«r  but  tern'strial  insects  indudintr  Hies,  small  spiders,  etc. 

As  far  as  we  can  learn,  it  never  ascends  small  str<'ams.  In  the  lower 
part  of  the  Mississippi  valley  it  mijjrmtes  into  salt  water;  in  the  ui)per 
portion  of  this  rejxion  its  permanent  residence  is  in  fresh  water.  Tiie 
name  skip-jack  is  driven  in  allusion  to  its  habit  of  skippinjr  alon^  the 
surfac«'  of  the  water.  Htivinj^r  many  small  bones  and  its  flesh  being 
tasteless  this  fish  has  no  value  for  food. 

80.  Clupea  sapidissima  Wilson. 

The  Shad.     {I'i<ju,>-  .'.) 

The  shad  is  now  referred  to  the  genus  fVnf>r,i,  hut  dillers  from  the  typical  sea  lier- 
ring  in  the  shape  of  th<-  cluck  I'one,  which  is  somewhat  deeper  than  long.  The 
ailnlt  is  toothless,  hut  the  young  has  well-developed,  though  small,  teeih  in  tin- Jaws, 
which  sometimes  p«'rsist  until  the  (ish  has  readied  a  length  of  lifteen  inches.  Totltis 
siiligeniis  tlie  name  .{/<,. so  was  given  hy  C'livier. 

The  shad  has  a  deep  liody  and  a  large  mouth,  with  the  jaws  ahout  «><|ual.  The  gill 
rakers  ar<'  very  long  and  slender,  varying  with  age  from  forty  to  sixty  Itelow  the 
angle  of  the  lirst  arch.  In  the  female  the  dorsal  originates  a  little  in  front  of  the 
middle  of  tin'  length,  in  the  nude  somewhat  farther  in  froiH.  The  dorsal  ut  the  male 
is  ratiier  higher  than  that  of  the  female,  while  the  hody  is  not  so  deep.  In  tli«;  female 
the  greatest  depth  is  on<-thir»l  of  tin'  total  w  iihout  eatidal,  and  the  length  of  tin-  head 
two-ninlh>.  In  the  male  the  length  of  the  head  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  without 
camlal. 

The  dorsal  has  thirteen  divi<led  rays  and  four  simi>.e  ones;  anal,  nineteen  divided 
and  three  simph'.     Scales,  lt>-t;o  to  «».>.     Scutes.  Ii2      1<>. 

Th«' I'olur  !■»  Mnish  or  greenish  with  mu.-h  sih  cry.  A  dusky  l-lotch  close  i>ehind 
the  hea.l.  two-thirds  as  large  as  ilie  eye,  and  fre<|Uently  from  se\eral  to  many  in  one 
or  two  rows  liehind  this.     The  liinng  of  the  lielly  w  alls  is  pale. 


I— • 

CD 

ro 


f 


m 
> 


T 

CD 

C3 


2 

en 

LQ 

o 

in 

< 

> 

> 

DO 
> 


> 
ro 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYTjVANIA. 


61 


The  shad  is  known  also  as  the  white  shad,  and  in  the  colonial  days  it 
was  known  to  the  negroes  on  the  lower  Potomac  river  as  the  white  fish. 
It  is  found  naturally  along  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United  States  from 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  ascending  streams  at 
various  dates  from  January,  in  its  extreme  southern  limit,  to  June,  in 
far  northern  waters.  In  the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  it  makes  its 
appearance  in  April  and  departs  after  spawning;  but  remains  sometimes 
as  late  as  July  18,  and  many  die  in  the  streams. 

The  original  distribution  of  the  shad  has  been  widely  extended  by 
artificial  introduction.  In  certain  rivers  flowing  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico the  fish  has  been  established  by  planting.  In  the  Ohio  river  a  fish- 
ery has  been  created  by  the  same  method,  and  in  the  Sacramento  river, 
Cal.,  the  shad  was  successfully  introduced  and  has  colonized  not  only 
this  river,  but  all  suitable  rivers  from  San  Francisco  to  southern  Alaska. 
It  is  now  one  of  the  common  market  species  in  San  Francisco  and  other 
west  coast  cities. 

In  the  Susquehanna  the  shad  was  formerly  one  of  the  most  important 
native  food  fishes,  but  its  range  is  now  very  limited  on  account  of  ob- 
struction by  dams.  Twenty  years  ago  the  Fish  Commissioners  reported 
that  a  few  shad  were  taken  yearly  above  the  Clark's  Ferry  dam,  none,  or 
at  most  a  few  dozen,  above  the  Shamokin  dam,  none  above  Nanticoke 
dam  and  none  above  Williamsport.  The  largest  run  of  shad  that  has 
been  known  to  pass  the  Columbia  dam  was  that  of  1867.  "In  1871  the 
finest  Columbia  shad  were  hawked  in  the  market  at  Harrisburg,  thirty 
miles  from  the  fisheries,  at  considerably  less  than  a  dollar  a  pair.  The 
catch  at  Columbia  exceeded  one  hundred  thousand." 

The  obstructions  in  the  Delaware  have  been  almost  entirely  over- 
come. In  1891  shad  were  caught  higher  up  the  Delaware  than  for 
many  years,  and  spawned  in  the  upper  reaches  of  the  river,  beyond  the 
New  York  state  line.  In  1891  the  Delaware,  for  the  first  time  since 
1823,  was  restored  to  its  normal  condition  by  means  of  the  fish  way  at 
I^ackawaxen  and,  according  to  Col.  Gay,  it  is  at  present  the  best  shad 
river  in  the  country.  The  number  of  eggs  obtained  for  artificial  propa- 
gation in  the  lower  river  was  unusually  small,  but  the  number  naturally 
deposited  in  the  upper  waters  was  greater  than  for  many  years.  Col. 
Gay  observed  a  large  number  of  big  female  shad  at  Gloucester  city,  but 
a  great  scarcity  of  males.  This  involved  a  long  run  up  the  river  before 
spawning.  The  cause  is  believed  to  be  the  low  temperature  of  the 
water  during  May,  the  lack  of  rain  cutting  off  the  usual  supply  of  warm 
surface  water,  and  the  tributaries  of  the  upper  river  brought  down 
nothing  but  cold  spring  water,  keeping  the  temperature  of  the  river  be- 
low the  normal  for  spawning  purposes,  conseciuently  the  shad  ascended 
more  than  three  hundred  miles.  Mr.  Ford  noticed  that  every  pool  in 
the  upper  river  was  full  of  shad,  and  he  saw  them  playing  in  the  water 
by  hundreds.  Mr.  Van  Gordon  saw  them  above  Port  Jervis,  and  they 
were  observed  as  far  up  as  Deposit,  N.  Y. 


li 


62 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  shad  reaches  a  length  of  two  feet.  It  is  claimed  that  fifty  years 
ago  shad  weighing  from  eight  to  thirteen  pounds  were  not  uncommon 
in  the  Susquehanna.  It  is  stated  that  even  larger  individuals  were 
taken  In  California  the  shad  reaches  a  larger  size  than  it  does  in  the 
East;  specimens  weighing  from  thirteen  to  fourteen  pounds  being 
often  seen  in  the  markets.  The  average  weight  of  females  is  four  or 
five  pounds.     The  male  is  much  smaller. 

The  young  shad  remain  in  the  rivers   until  the  approach  of   cold 
weather  when  they  descend  to  the  sea  and  are  usually  seen  no  more 
until  they  return  as  mature  fish  ready  for  reproduction.     They  are  known 
to  feed  upon  small  flies,  crustaceans  and  insect  larvje.     They  have  been 
fed  with  fresh  water  copepods  and  kept  alive  in  this  way  until  they  had 
obtained  a  length  of  more  than  one  inch.     In  the  carp  ponds,  at  Wash- 
ington, Dr.  Hessel  succeded  in  rearing  shad  upon  the  Daphnia  and  Cy- 
clops  to  a  length  of  three  or  four  inches,  and  one  time  when  they  had 
access  surreptitiously  to  an  abundant  supply  of  young  carp,  well  fed  in- 
dividuals reached  a  length  of  six  inches  by  the  first  of  November.     Shad 
have  been  kept  at  tlie  Central  Station  of  the  United  States  Fish  Com- 
mission over  the  winter,  but  at  the  age   of  one  year,  doubtless  for  lack 
of  sufficient  food,  the  largest  was  less  than  four  inches  long.     At  this 
age  they  were  seen  to  capture  smaller  shad  of  the  season  of  1891,  which 
were  an  inch  or  more  in  length.     The  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  de- 
tected young  shad  also  in  the  act  of  eating  young  California  salmon,  and 
upon  one  occasion  found  an  undigested  minnow,  two  or  three  inches 
long  in  the  stomach  of  a  large  shad ;   adults  have  been  caught  with 
minnows  for  bait.     The  principal  growth  of  the  shad  takes  place  at  sea 
and  when  the  species  enters  the  fresh  waters  for  the  purpose  of  spawning 
it  ceases  to  feed,  but  will  sometimes  take  the  artificial  fly  and  live  min- 
nows. 

The  migratory  habit  of  the  shad  has  already  been  referred  to.  ihe 
spawning  habits  have  been  thus  described  by  Marshall  McDonald :  "The 
favorite  spawning  grounds  are  on  sandy  flats,  bordering  streams  and  on 
sand  bars  The  fish  appear  to  associate  in  pairs,  usually  between  sun- 
down and  eleven  p.  m.  When  in  the  act  of  spawning  they  swim  close 
together  near  the  surface,  their  dorsal  fins  projecting  above  the  water 
and  their  movements  producing  a  sound  which  fishermen  call  'washing  ' 
The  eggs  are  expressed  by  the  female  while  in  rapid  motion ;  the  male  fol- 
lowing close  and  ejecting  his  milt  at  the  same  time.  Such  of  the  eggs 
as  come  in  contact  with  the  miltare  impregnated,  but  the  greater  portion 
of  them  are  carried  away  by  the  current  or  destroyed  by  spawn-eating 
fishes  After  impregnation  the  eggs  sink  to  the  bottom  and,  underfavor- 
able  (conditions,  develop  in  from  three  to  eightdays.'  According  to Seth 
Green  the  embryo  shad  swim  as  soon  they  break  the  shell  and  maxe 
their  way  to  the  middle  of  the  stream  where  they  are  comparatively  safe 
from   the   predaceous   fishes.     A   mature   female  shad   oi  four  or  five 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


63 


pounds  contains  about  25,  000  eggs  on  the  average,  but  as  many  as  60,- 
000  have  been  obtained  from  a  six-pound  fish  and  100,000  were  obtained 
from  a  single  female  on  the  Potomac.  There  is  great  mortality  among 
the  shad  after  spawning.  Dead  fish  of  both  sexes  are  frequently  seen 
floating  in  the  water  in  the  late  months  of  summer. 

Gends  BREVOORTIA  Gill. 
81.  Brevoortia  tyrannus  (  Latrobe.  ) 

The  Menhaden. 

The  menhaden  is  a  ftsh  ot  the  herring  family.  The  exposed  surfaces  of  its  scales 
are  very  narrow  and  deep.  The  body  is  similar  in  sliape  to  that  of  the  sliad,  the 
depth  one-third  of  length,  witliout  caudal,  and  somewhat  greater  than  the  length  of 
the  head.  The  mouth  is  large;  the  Jaws  are  toothless.  The  upper  Jaw  extends  to 
below  the  hind  margin  of  the  eye.  The  eye  is  about  as  long  as  the  snout,  one-fifth 
length  of  head.  The  fins  are  small,  the  pectoral  not  much  more  than  one-half  the 
length  of  head  and  twice  as  long  as  the  ventral.  The  dorsal  base  is  equal  in 
length  to  the  pectoral;  longest  dorsal  ray  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  last  ray  and 
about  two-fifths  length  of  head.  The  anal  rays  are  shorter  than  those  of  the  dor- 
sal; length  of  anal  base  little  more  than  one-half  length  of  head.  The  origin  of  the 
dorsal  is  about  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  end  of  middle  caudal  rays.  The 
sides  and  tins  are  silvery,  yellowish,  the  upper  parts  bluish.  Behind  the  head  there 
is  a  large  dark  spot,  larger  than  the  pupil,  followed  by  numerous  smaller  dark  spots. 

The  menhaden  has  received  more  than  thirty  common  names,  among 
which  the  one  here  employed  is  the  best  known  and  most  suitable.  In 
New  Jersey  it  is  frequently  called  bunker  or  moss  bunker  and  in  some 
other  localities  it  is  the  bony  fish.  It  is  also  called  bugfish,  because  of 
a  crustacean  parasite  which  is  found  in  the  mouth. 

The  menhaden  reaches  a  length  of  fifteen  inches  or  more.  Its  aver- 
age size  is  about  one  foot.  It  is  found  along  our  east  coast  from  Maine 
to  Florida,  swimming  in  immense  schools  and  fluctuating  greatly  in 
abundance.  In  certain  localities  its  movements  are  affected  chiefly  by 
temperature. 

The  use  of  the  menhaden  as  a  source  of  oil  and  a  material  for  fertil- 
izers is  so  well  known  as  scarcely  to  need  mention  here.  As  a  food  fish 
it  is  not  esteemed  in  Pennsylvania  and  is  seldom  eaten  in  most  locali- 
ties, although  in  other  places  it  is  considered  a  good  food  fish.  Since 
the  mackerel  are  becoming  scarce,  menhaden  are  often  salted  in  barrels 
as  a  substitute  for  that  fish. 


Gents  DOROSOMA  Rafinesque. 
82.  Dorosoma  cepedianum  (Le  Sueitr). 

The  Mud  Hhad. 

The  genus  Dorosoma  liax  a  herring-like  l)otly,  with  a  short  and  obtuse  snout.  The 
body  is  much  compressed  and  is  covered  with  moderately  large,  thin,  cycloid  scales. 
The  head  is  scaleless,  short  and  small ;  the  eye  large  and  provided  with  an  adipose 
eyelid.     The  belly  is  compressed  to  an  edge,  which  is  armed  with  sharp  serratures. 


64 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Mouth  small,  transverse;  the  lower  jaw  the  shorter.  Jaws  toothless.  The  maxilla 
does  not  extend  to  the  middle  of  the  eye.  Gill  rakers  numerous,  moderately  long 
and  slender.  Gill  membranes  deeply  cleft  and  free  trom  the  isthmus.  Pseudo- 
branchia-  well  developed.  Lateral  line  wanting.  The  dorsal  fin  is  placed  nearly 
over  the  middle  of  the  body,  slightly  behind  the  origin  of  the  ventral.  Its  last  ray 
is  produced  into  a  long  filament.  The  pectorals  and  ventrals  are  rather  long  and 
each  is  provided  with  an  appendage  formed  of  several  elongate  overlapping  acces- 
sory scales.  The  caudal  is  deeply  forked  ;  anal  very  long,  its  last  rays  low.  The 
stomach  is  stout  and  short,  resembling  the  gizzard  of  a  hen.  The  depth  of  the  body 
IS  contained  two  and  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  without  caudal,  the  length  of  the 
head  four  and  one-third  times.  Eye  longer  than  snout,  one-fourth  length  of  head. 
The  third  ray  of  the  dorsal  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head,  and  the  filamentous  ray. 
nearly  equals  the  head  in  length.  Length  of  dorsal  base  about  one-half  that  of  head ' 
anal  base  two-sevenths  of  total  length  of  body  without  tail,  its  longest  ray  two-thirds 
length  of  ventral  or  one-third  that  of  head.  Pectoral  three-fourths  as  long  as  head. 
Lower  caudal  lobe  longer  than  upper,  its  length  eciual  to  that  of  the  head. 

D.  iii,  10;  A.  ii,  31.  Scales  56  to  64,  about  20  in  a  transverse  series.  Scutes  in  front 
of  ventrals  17,  and  from  ventrals  to  vent  12. 

Upper  parts  1)1  uish  ;  sides  silvery,  sometimes  with  golden  reflections.  In  young 
individuals  there  is  a  large  dark  blotch  on  each  side  not  far  behind  the  head  •  this 
disappears  with  age. 

Tlie  mud  shad,  also  known  as  gizzard  shad,  winter  shad,  stink  snad, 
white-eyed  shad,  hickory  shad,  hairy  back  and  thread  herring,  is  found 
in  brackish  waters  along  the  coast  from  New  York  southward  to  Mexico, 
ascending  streams  and  frequently  becoming  land-locked  in  ponds.  A 
variety  of  this  fish  is  also  common  in  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys, 
from  whence  it  has  spread  through  canals  into  Lakes  Erie  and  Michigan. 
This  fish  grows  to  a  length  of  fifteen  inches  and  a  weight  of  two  pounds. 
It  spawns  in  summer  and  its  food  consists  of  algte,  coufervse,  desmids 
and  diatoms.  With  its  food  it  takes  large  quantities  of  mud  from  which 
it  separates  the  organic  substances  after  swallowing.  This  is  a  beauti 
f  ul  species,  somewhat  resembling  the  shad  in  general  appearance  and  has 
been  very  successfully  kept  in  the  aquarium,  where  its  bright  colors  and 
graceful  movements  make  it  attractive,  but  its  flesh  is  soft,  tasteless  and 
seldom  eaten  when  any  better  can  be  obtained.  In  most  regions  fisher- 
men consider  it  a  great  nuisance  and  throw  away  their  entire  catch. 
Negroes  eat  the  mud  shad  from  tributaries  of  the  Chesapeake,  and  in 
Florida  the  fish  has  been  utilized  to  some  extent  in  making  guano.  The 
name  gizzard  shad  alludes  to  the  form  of  the  stomach,  which  is  very 
much  like  that  of  a  hen. 

Family  AROENTINID.ffi  (Thk  Smelts). 
Genus  OSMERUS  (Abtedi)  Linnaeus. 
83.  Osmerus  mordax  (Mitchill). 

The  Smelt.  ( Fit/urc  .',<1. ) 
The  smelt  has  an  elongate  and  somewhat  compressed  boily,  and  a  long,  pointed 
head,  with  the  lower  jaw  projecting.  The  mouth  is  large,  the  nuixilla  extending 
slightly  behmd  the  eye.  Small  teeth  on  the  intermaxillarles  and  nmxillaries 
and  the  front  of  the  lower  jaw.  Posteriorily  the  teeth  of  llie  mandible  are  larger. 
The  tongue  is  armed  with  a  few  largo,  fang-like  teeth  and  there  are    widely  set 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


66 


teeth  on  the  vomer,  palate  and  pterygoid  bones  and  at  the  root  of  the  tongue.  Gill 
rakers  long  and  slender.  Branchiostegals  8.  The  dorsal  is  small,  nearly  median, 
over  the  ventrals.  Anal  moderately  long.  Scales  large,  thin,  easily  deciduous,  in 
about  seventy-five  rows  along  the  sides.  Lateral  line  short,  not  extending  much 
beyond  the  end  of  the  pectoral.  A  few  small  pyloric  creca.  The  height  of  the  body 
is  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  total  length  without  caudal  and  nearly  equal  to  the  length 
of  the  head.  The  eye  is  nearly  one-fifth  as  longasthe  head.  The  pectoral  equals  ihe 
longest  dorsal  ray  in  length  and  also  length  of  anal  base.  The  ventral  is  one-half  as 
long  as  the  head.     Longest  anal  ray  not  much  more  than  one-half  anal  base. 

D.  ii,  8 ;  A.  iii,  14 ;  V.  ii,  7. 

The  upper  parts  are  greenish ;  a  broad  silvery  band  along  the  sides ;  body  and 
fins  with  numerous  minute,  dusky  points. 

The  smelt  is  known  along  our  east  coast  from  Labrador  to  Virginia. 
It  probably  extends  still  farther  north,  but  the  record  of  Mr.  W.  A. 
Steams,  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  National  Museum  for  1883, 
p.  124,  fixes  the  most  northern  locality  known  at  present.  He  found 
the  smelt  common  in  August  in  shoal  water  oflf  the  wharves  of  Cape 
Britain.  In  Pennsylvania  the  fish  is  common  in  the  spring  in  the  Dela- 
ware and  Schuylkill  rivers.  In  numerous  lakes  of  Maine,  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  other  New  England  states,  the  smelt  is  common,  land-locked, 
and  thrives  as  well  as  in  the  salt  water.  Its  range  has  been  widely  ex- 
tended by  artificial  introduction,  which  is  very  easily  effected  by  trans- 
porting the  fertilized  eggs  from  the  small  brooks  in  which  the  species 
spawns.  The  eggs  are  adhesive  and  attach  themselves  to  stones,  and 
their  transportation  is  accomplished  very  readily. 

The  smelt  grows  to  a  length  of  one  foot.  The  average  size  as  found 
in  the  markets  is  about  seven  inches.  It  enters  the  rivers  for  the  pur- 
pose of  spawning  and  is  most  abundant  in  the  winter  and  early  spring 
months.     Spawning  takes  place  in  the  Raritan  river,  N.  J.,  in  March. 

The  eggs  of  the  smelt  have  been  artificially  hatched  by  Mr.  Ricardo, 
Fred.  Mather  and  other  fish  culturists.  The  food  of  this  species  consists 
mainly  of  shrimps  and  other  small  crustaceans. 

The  smelt  is  an  excellent  food  fish  and  is  also  used  for  bait,  and  still 
more  extensively  as  food  for  land-locked  salmon,  lake  and  brook  trout  and 
other  important  Salmonoids,  which  are  artificially  reared  in  lakes.  It 
has  proved  to  be  one  of  the  best  fishes  for  this  purpose.  Immense 
quantities  of  smelts  are  caught  during  the  winter  months  in  nets,  seines 
and  by  hook  and  line.  They  are  usually  shipped  to  market  in  the 
frozen  condition,  packed  in  snow  or  crushed  ice.  The  fish  which  have 
not  been  frozen,  however,  are  more  higlily  prized  than  any  others. 

Family  COREGONID.S  (Thk  White  Fishes). 
Genus  COREGONUS  (Artem)  Linnvus. 

The  white  fishes  of  Pennsylvania  belong  to  four  species,  representing  the  four  <li- 

visions  of  the  genus  Conufonus.     In  two  of  the  species  the  lower  jaw  is  included 

within  the  upper;    the  mouth  is  small  and    the  intermaxillary  bone    broad  an«l 

moro  or  leas  vertical  in  position.     These  two  maybe  readily  distingiiished  by  the 

5  FiSHKS 


66 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


structure  of  the  gill  rakers  and  the  size  of  the  mouth.  Tho  remaining  two  white 
fishes  have  the  lower  jaw  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  upper  ;  the  mouth  large,  and 
the  intermaxillary  narrow  and  not  vertical  in  position.  They  are  easily  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  shape  of  the  body,  and  the  size  and  contour  of  tho  scales. 
The  relations  of  the  species  are  shown  in  the  following  key  : 

1.  Lower  jaw  shorter  than  upper. 

1  a.  Mouth  very  small,  upper  jaw  not  reaching  to  eye  ;  gill  rakers  short  and 
stout,  13  to  16  below  angle  of  first  arch  (Prosopium). 

QUADRILATERAMS. 

1  b.  Mouth  moderate,  upper  jaw  reaching  beyond  front  ot  eye  ;  gill  rakers 
long  and  slender,  20  or  more  below  angle  of  first  arch  {Coregonua). 

Clupeifgrmis. 

2.  Lower  jaw  equal  to  or  longer  than  iipper. 

2  a.  Body  slender,  elongate  ;  scales  small  and  convex  on  their  free  margin  ; 
lower  jaw  longer  than  upper  {Aryyroaonius). 

Artedi. 

2  b.  Body  deep,  short;  scales  large,  deep,  the  free  margin  scarcely  convex; 
jaws  equal  {Allosomus). 

TULLIBBE. 

84.  Coregronus  quadrilateralis  Richardson. 

The  Round  'Whiteflsh.     {Figure  47.) 

This  is  a  small  species  and  very  readily  distinguished  from  all  otner  American 
species  except  Williamson's  whitefish  by  its  diminutive  mouth.  The  body  is  slen- 
der, elongate  and  subterete,  its  greatest  depth  slightly  exceeding  one-fifth  of  total 
length  to  base  of  caudal.  Tho  head  is  long,  its  length  one-fifth  of  total  without  cau- 
dal, and  the  snout  is  thin  and  obtuse  at  tip.  The  broad  maxilla  does  not  reach  to 
below  tho  front  of  the  eye  ;  its  length  less  than  one-fifth  length  of  head.  D.  11  ;  A. 
10  ;  scales  in  lateral  line,  80  to  90.     Upper  parts  dark  bluish  ;  sides  silvery. 

^awf^s.— This  species  is  called  frost  fish  in  the  Adirondacks;  other 
names  are  Menomonee  whitefish,  round-fish,  shad-waiter,  pilot-fish  and 
chivey.     The  last  term  is  applied  to  the  fish  in  Maine. 

Distribution.— The  round-fish  is  found  in  lakes  of  New  Engrland,  some- 
times running  into  streams,  the  Adirondack  region  of  New  York,  the 
Great  Lakes  and  northward  into  British  America  and  Alaska.  Its  dis- 
tribution has  been  extended  by  transplanting  on  account  of  its  great 
value  as  food  for  the  lake  trout  and  other  large  fish  of  the  salmon  family. 

Size. — It  seldom  exceeds  a  length  of  twelve  inches  and  a  weight  of 
one  pound. 

Hobits.—ljike  some  other  species  of  whitefish  it  spawns  in  shallow 
parts  of  lakes  or  ascends  their  small  tributary  streams  for  that  purpose. 
The  food  consists  of  small  shells  and  crustaceans.  The  species  fre- 
quents deep  waters,  where  it  falls  jui  easy  prey  to  the  vonicious  lake  trout. 

Uses  and  Capture.— The  round-fish  is  excellent  for  the  table,  and  as 
food  for  the  larger  trout  and  salmon  it  is  unsurpassed.  Its  capture 
with  hook  and  line  is  difficult,  because  of  its  very  small  mouth  and  its 
habit  of  retiring  into  deep  water.  In  the  Great  Lakes  it  does  not  con- 
stitute an  important  element  of  the  fishery,  but  in  northern  regions  it  is 
one  of  the  most  useful  and  highly  prized  of  the  food  fishes. 


I 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


6T 


85.  Coregonus  clupeiformis  Mitchill. 

The  Whitefish .     ( Figure  S. ) 

The  common  whitefish  of  the  Great  Lakes  is  so  well  known  that  it  scarcely  needs 
an  elaborate  description.  The  body  is  stout  and  deep,  its  depth  at  tlie  nape  greatly 
increased  in  adults.  The  greatest  depth  is  two-sevenths  of  the  total  length  to  caudal 
base.  Caudal  peduncle  short,  its  depth  one-half  length  of  head,  which  is  about  one- 
fifth  of  total  without  caudal.  The  snout  is  sharp  conic,  two-sevenths  as  long  as  tlie 
head  and  about  twice  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  maxilla  reaches  to  below  front  of  eye. 
The  dorsal  origin  is  above  the  twenty-third  scale  of  the  lateral  line  and  the  ventral 
begins  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal.  The  longest  dorsal  ray  equals  length  of  head 
without  snout  Adipose  fin  stout  and  low.  The  dorsal  and  anal  bases  are  equal  to 
each  other  and  two-thirds  length  of  head. 

D.  10  divided  rays ;  A.  11  divided  rays ;  V.  11 ;  P.  15 ;  scales  in  lateral  line  74  to  80. 
The  upper  parts  are  grayish  or  light  olive  in  color;  the  sides  white  and  lustrous  in 
life. 

Names. — The  name  whitefish  is  thoroughly  identified  with  this  species 
and  is  seldom  varied  except  by  means  of  the  prefix  "common  "or  "lake." 
A  well-marked  variety  in  Otsego  Lake,  New  York,  has  long  been  known 
as  the  Otsego  bass. 

Distribution. — The  common  whitefish  occurs  in  the  Great  Lakes  and 
northward  into  British  America;  its  northern  limit  is  not  definitely 
known.  In  Alaska,  where  the  species  was  formerly  supposed  to  exist, 
it  is  replaced  by  a  similar,  but  well-marked  form,  the  Coregonus  rirh- 
ardsoni  of  Giinther.  The  variety  known  as  Otsego  bass  is  found  in 
Otsego  Lake,  N.  Y.  If  we  may  judge  from  the  yield  of  the  fisheries. 
Lake  Michigan  has  more  whitefish  than  any  of  the  other  lakes,  Superior 
ranks  second,  Erie  third,  Huron  fourth  and  Ontario  is  sadly  in  the  rear. 

Size. — The  largest  individual  on  record  was  taken  at  Whitefish  Point, 
Lake  Superior;  it  weighed  twenty  three  pounds.  A  seventeen-pound 
specimen  was  caught  at  Vermillion,  in  Lake  Erie,  in  1876.  The  size 
varies  greatly  with  locality,  ranging  all  the  way  from  one  and  three- 
fourths  pounds,  on  the  average,  to  fourteen  pounds.  In  Lake  Erie  in 
1885,  the  average  weight  was  between  two  and  three  ]iounds.  The  length 
of  adults  will  average  twenty  inches. 

Habits. — There  is  a  movement  of  the  whitefish  in  many  lakes  from  tlie 
deep  water  early  in  the  summer  into  the  shoal  water  near  the  shore.  In 
midsummer,  however,  the  usual  retreat  of  this  species  is  in  the  deep 
and  cold  portions  of  the  lakes  which  it  inhabits.  Again,  as  the  spawn- 
ing season  approaches  in  October,  the  Avhitefish  come  towards  the  shore 
to  deposit  their  eggs.  It  is  said  that  they  do  not  spawn  until  the  water 
has  reached  a  temperature  of  about  40°.  After  spawning  they  again 
retire  to  deep  water,  where  they  remain  during  the  winter.  Mr.  Milner 
observed  that  the  shoreward  migration  varies  with  locality,  and  is  in- 
fluenced also  by  depth  of  water  and  temperature.  In  Lake  Erie,  for 
example,  which  has  a  high  summer  temperature,  there  is  no  shoreward 
migration  in  summer.     It  is  to  be  noted,  also,  that  the  whitefish  moves 


J 


I 


I 

I'. 


<<( 


-•r-L. 


68 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


along-  the  shore,  aud  in  some  cases  it  ascends  rivers  for  the  purpose  of 
spawning-.  It  is  believed  also  that  when  the  feeding  grounds  of  the 
whitefish  are  polluted  by  mud  the  fish  temporarily  seek  other  localities. 
There  appears  to  be  a  sjjring  and  summer  migration  also  from  lake  to 
lake.  Spawning  takes  place  during  October,  November  and  December, 
upon  shoals  or  occasionally  in  rivers.  The  female  is  larger  than  the 
male.  According  to  the  observations  of  Mr.  George  Clark,  the  two 
sexes,  in  the  act  of  spawning,  frequently  throw  themselves  together 
above  the  surface,  emitting  the  spawn  and  milt  with  the  vents  close 
together.  Spawning  operations  are  most  active  in  the  evening,  are  con- 
tinued at  night,  and  the  eggs  are  deposited  in  lots  of  several  hundred  at 
a  time.  The  number  of  eggs  in  a  fish  of  seven  and  one-half  pounds  was 
66,606;  the  average  number  being  nearly  10,000  for  each  pound  of  the 
female's  weight.  The  period  of  incubation  depends  on  the  temperature. 
The  usual  time  of  distribution  of  the  young  is  in  March  and  April.  The 
very  young  are  described  as  swimming  near  the  surface  and  not  in 
schools.  They  are  very  active  and  soon  seek  deep  water  to  escape 
from  their  enemies.  Their  food  consists  chiefly  of  small  crustaceans. 
The  adults  subsist  upon  the  same  food  with  the  addition  of  small 
mollusks. 

Groivth. — The  only  means  of  determining  the  rate  of  growth  of  the 
whitefish  is  by  artificial  rearing.  Mr.  Samuel  Wilmot  had  young  fish 
which  were  five  inches  long  at  the  age  of  four  months.  The  growth 
under  natural  conditions  must  be  even  greater  than  this.  Mr.  Wilmot 
himself  has  seen  whitefish  measuring  seven  inches  in  December  in  his 
ponds. 

Emmies  and  Diseases.— The  eggs  of  the  whitefish  are  destroyed  in 
immense  numbers  by  the  lake  herring  {Coregonus  artedi).  The  water 
lizard  (Jlenobranchm)  also  consumes  vast  numbers  of  the  eggs.  The 
young  whitefish  are  eaten  extensively  by  the  pike  perch,  black  bass, 
pike,  pickerel,  and  fresh  water  ling.  The  lake  trout  also  feeds  upon  the 
whitefish.  A  leach  parasitic  on  the  whitefish  proves  very  troublesome 
to  that  species,  and  the  scales  are  liable  to  a  peculiar  roughness  which 
has  been  observed  late  in  November  or  during  the  spawning  season. 
There  is  also  a  lema3an  which  fastens  itself  to  the  gills  and  other  por- 
tions of  the  white  fish. 

Uses  and  Capture.— The  excellence  of  the  flesh  of  the  whitefish  is  so 
well  known  as  scarcely  to  require  mention.  Its  commercial  value  is 
great.  In  Lake  Erie,  in  1885,  according  to  statistics  collected  by  the 
United  States  Fish  Commission,  3,500,000  pounds  of  whitefish  were 
caught,  over  2,000,000  of  these  by  fishermen  from  Erie  alone.  In  this 
year  Erie  county  had  310  persons  employed  in  the  fisheries.  The  capital 
invested  in  the  business  was  nearly  $250,000.  The  wholesale  value  of 
the  fish  products  was  upwards  of  $400,000.  The  whitefish  was  the  third 
species  in  relative  importance;  blue  pike  ranking  first  and  the  lake  her- 


1 


I 


CO 


I— I 


PJ 

CO 

CTJ 

CD 


I— I 

cn 

zn 
o 

CO 
< 


to 

> 


68 


FlSlli:S  OF  PFXXSYfA'AXIA. 


aloii^"  tilt'  short',  and  iu  some  cases  it  ascends  rivers  tor  the  purpose  of 
si)awjiiii^'.  It  is  believed  also  that  when  the  feeding-  *;rounds  of  th«' 
whitefish  are  polluted  b}-  mud  the  fish  temporarily  seek  other  localities. 
Then'  appears  to  be  a  sprin<>-  and  summer  migration  also  from  lake  to 
lake.  Spa\vnin<^-  takes  place  during-  October,  November  and  December, 
u])on  shoals  or  occasionally  in  rivers.  The  female  is  lar«^-er  than  the 
male.  According-  to  the  observations  of  Mr.  (f<'or«jre  Clark,  tln^  two 
sexes,  in  the  act  of  spawning-,  frecpiently  throw  themselves  tog-ether 
above  the  surface,  emittinj^-  the  si)a\vn  and  milt  with  tlu;  vents  close 
to«.»ether.  Si)awniu.i;-  operations  are  most  activi^  in  the  evening-,  are  con- 
tinued at  night,  and  the  ej^g-s  are  deposited  in  lots  of  several  hundred  at 
a  time.  The  number  of  eg-g-s  in  a  iish  of  seven  and  one-half  pounds  was 
C<),GO<]:  tlu'  avei-age  number  ])eiug-  nearly  10,000  for  each  pound  of  the 
femah'S  weight.  The  period  of  incubation  depends  on  tlu?  temperature. 
The  usual  time  of  distribution  of  the  young-  is  in  March  and  Aiu-il.  The 
very  young  an-  described  as  swimming  near  the  surface  and  not  in 
schools.  They  are  very  activt*  and  soon  seek  deep  water  to  escapr 
from  their  enemies.  Their  food  c(msists  chiefly  of  small  crustacc^ans. 
'J'he  adults  subsist  upon  the  same  food  with  the  addition  of  small 
moUusks. 

Groirfh. — The  only  means  of  determining-  the  rate  of  growth  of  the 
whitetish  is  by  artificial  rearing.  Mr.  Samuel  Wilmot  had  young  fish 
which  wer«'  five  inches  long-  at  the  age  of  four  months.  The  growth 
under  natural  ecmditious  must  be  even  greater  than  tiiis.  Mr.  Wilmot 
himself  has  seen  whitt'lish  measuring  seven  inches  in  December  in  his 
j)onds. 

Kiwinivs  auil  Di.scasrs. — Tile  eggs  of  the  whitetish  are  d«'stn>yed  in 
innnense  nundiers  by  the  lake  herring- (Coyc</o/<?/.sw//-/r(//).  Tlie  water 
li/ard  {}fvtu>hninvhu.s)  also  consumes  vast  numbers  of  the  rgg-j^.  The 
young  whitetish  are  eaten  ext»>nsively  by  th«"  pike  percii,  black  bass, 
pike,  pickerel,  and  fresh  water  ling.  The  lake  trout  also  feeds  upon  the 
whitetish.  A  h'aeh  i)arasitic  on  the  whitetish  proves  very  troublesome 
to  that  specirs,  and  tlie  scales  are  liable  to  a  peculiar  roughness  which 
has  ]>eeu  ol)served  late  in  November  or  during  the  spawning  s<'as«>ii. 
Tlu're  is  also  a  lernaan  whicii  fastens  itself  to  tlie  gills  and  other  por- 
tions of  the  white  fish. 

I'svs  oittl  C'ljifin'r. — The  excellence  «)f  tJM'  tlrsh  <»f  the  whitetish  is  so 
well  known  as  scarcely  to  re<piire  nn-ntion.  Its  commeri'ial  value  is 
g-reat.  In  l^ake  Krie,  in  1885,  according-  to  statistics  collected  by  the 
United  States  J-'ish  (Commission,  8,50(M>00  pounds  of  whitetish  were 
caught,  ov<r  2.000,000  »)f  th«^se  by  lishernien  from  l]\u>  alone.  In  this 
year  Krietounty  had  310  persons  employ«'d  in  the  tisheri«'s.  The  ca|)ital 
invested  in  the  business  was  nearly  $2r.0,000  Tiie  wholesale  value  of 
the  tish  products  was  upwards  of  $4(M),000.  The  whitetish  was  the  third 
!4poci»'s  ill  relative  importance;  blue  pike  ranking  tirst  and  the  lake  li.r- 


t— ' 

CD 

CO 


i 


-3 

w 

CO 


i 

i 


CD 


C/3 

a 
m 

k: 

< 
> 

t 

CO 

> 
2 


> 


LJ 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


m 


ring:  second.  In  Erie  county  whitefish  are  caught  chiefly  in  July,  August 
and  November,  and  the  bulk  of  them  are  taken  in  gill-nets,  of  which  Erie, 
in  1885,  owned  10,700.  Pound-nets  are  also  employed  in  the  capture  of 
whitefish,  and  Erie  had  19  in  1885. 

Artificial  Propagation.— Caxl  Miiller,  of  New  York,  and  Henry  Brown, 
of  New  Haven,  are  credited  with  the  first  attempt  to  propagate  the 
white  fish  artificially.  Their  experiments  were  made  in  Lake  Salton- 
stall,  near  the  city  of  New  Haven.  The  result  of  the  experiments,  which 
were  repeated  in  1858,  is  not  known.  In  1868  Seth  Green  and  Samuel 
Wilmot  began  a  series  of  experiments  in  the  same  direction,  and  in  1869 
Mr.  N.  W.  Clark,  of  Clarkson,  Michigan,  took  up  the  same  work.  In 
1870  a  half  million  eggs  were  placed  in  hatching  boxes  by  Mr.  Clark. 
In  1872,  through  the  aid  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission,  Mr. 
Clark's  hatching  house  was  doubled  in  capacity  and  a  million  eggs  were 
taken  from  Lake  Michigan.  Since  that  time  both  the  national  and  state 
governments  have  made  the  whitefish  the  object  of  their  most  extensive 
operations,  and  at  this  time  Pennsylvania  alone  distributes  sixteen  mil- 
lions annually,  while  the  United  States  has  hatcheries  for  this  species 
accommodating  nearly  one  thousand  millions.  The  success  of  artificial 
propagation  has  been  so  thoroughly  demonstrated  as  not  to  require 
additional  mention. 

86.  Coregronus  artedi  (Le  Sueur). 

The  Lako  Herring.     {Fif/ure  ^8.) 

The  bo<ly  of  tlio  lake  lierring  is  moderately  elongated,  coiui.ross.d,  and  tlic  head 
pointed.     The  greatest  height  of  the  body  at  the  origin  of  the  dorsal  is  one-fourth  of 
the  total  length  witliout  caudal.     The  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  stout     Its  least 
depth  IS  somewhat  more  than  one-third  of  greatest  depth  of  body.     The  eye  is  con- 
tamed  four  to  fourand  ..ne-half  times  in  length  of  head  ;  thesnout,  three  and  one-half 
tmies.     The  maxillary  reaches  to  nearly  below  the  middle  of  the  eye.     The  lower  jaw 
projects  strongly.     The  ilorsal  l)egins  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  t.ase  of  tail 
Its  longest  ray  ecjuals  length  of  head  without  snout.     The  ventral  begins  under  the 
middle  of  the  dorsal  ;  its  longest  ray,  two-thirds  length  of  head.     The  pectoral  is 
slightly  longer  than  the  ventral.     The  anal  base  cpials  the  length  of  its  longest  rav 
which  is  nearly  one-half  length  of  hea.l.     The  adipose  <lorsal  is  slender  ;  its  wiilih 
one-half  its  height  and  about  one-half  length  of  eye;  twentv-livo  lo  thirty  gill  rakers 
below  the  angle  of  the  first  arch.     D.  11  ;  A.  10  (.-ounting  only  divide.rrays  in  dor- 
sal  and  anal);  V.  10;  scales  9-S0-*<. 

The  upper  parts  are  greenish  or  bluish  black;  the  sides  silvcrv  and  with  narrow 
pale  streaks  along  the  rows  of  scales,  especially  al)ove  the  lab-ral  line.  ' 

^Vame«.— This  species  is  known  as  the  lake  herring  or  cisco.  The 
name  cisco  is  applied  mon^  particularly  in  the  small  lakes  of  Wiscon- 
sin, Indiana  and  New  York. 

Distrifmtion. —The  lake  herring  is  most  aljundant  in  the  Great  Lakes, 
extending  northward  into  British  America;  c>astward  it  has  been  ob- 
tained from  Labrador.  It  becomes  variable  in  certain  portions  of  its 
habitat,  notably  in  Labrador  and  in  the  lakes  in  which  it  is  known  as 
Cisco.     In  the  Great  Lakes,  in   1885,  more  individuals  of  this  species 


70 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


S 


were  taken  in  Lake  Erie  than  in  all  the  other  lakes  put  together,  a  total 
of  over  nineteen  million  pounds  having:  been  caught  there  out  of  a  total 
of  less  than  twenty-six  million  pounds. 

Size— The  averagre  leng-th  of  this  species  is  about  one  foot,  and  the 
weight  nine  to  twelve  ounces,  but  examples  measuring  nineteen  inches 
m  leng-th  and  weigrhing  two  pounds  have  been  recorded. 

Habits.— The  lake  herring-  frequents  moderately  shoal  waters  and  oc- 
curs m  enormous  schools,  as  Me  may  judg-e  from  the  quantity  captured 
m  Lake  Erie.  Its  food  consists  of  insects  and  crustaceans.  Durino- 
the  spawning  season  of  the  whitefish,  however,  it  feeds  exclusively  upon 
the  eggs  of  this  species  and  proves  very  destructive.  The  lake  herring- 
will  take  the  hook,  and  has  been  caught  with  live  minnows.  Spawnin 
takes  place  about  the  end  of  November,  in  shoal  waters. 

rses  and  Capture.— k.^  a  food  fish  this  species  is  inferior  to  the  white- 
fish,  but  it  is  in  great  demand  over  an  extensive  area  of  the  country 
and  is  shipped  in  the  fresh  condition  many  hundreds  of  miles  east  and 
west.  I  have  elsewhere  referred  to  the  enormous  number  taken  in  1885 
m  Lake  Erie.  These  are  caught  chiefly  in  pound  and  gill  nets  The 
catch  in  1885  amounted  to  more  than  one-third  of  the  entire  quantity 
of  fishes  taken  in  this  lake.  There  is  no  apparent  dimunition  in  the 
number  of  these  fishes,  and  their  artificial  propagation  has  not  been 
practiced. 

87.  Coregonus  tullibee  Richarpsox. 

Tho  Tullilteo.     {P\;fure  4U.) 

The  body  of  the  tullibee  is  very  short,  deep  and  c-om pressed  ;  its  greatest  height 
about  one-th.rd  oi  the  length  without  caudal.  The  head  is  pointed,  as  in  the  "  black 
fin;  the  mouth  large,  with  tho  lower  Jaw  scarcely  longer  than  the  upper.  The 
n.axi  la  exten.ls  to  below  the  middle  of  tlu-  eye.  The  eye  equals  the  snout  in 
Cngth  and  is  two-ninths  length  of  the  head.  Scales  much  larger  on  front  part  of  the 
^rnn/n'-"/";  r  T'^*^  P«<1""«1«-  The  gill  rakers  are  long,  slender  and  numerous, 
about  thirty  below  the  angle  on  the  first  arch.  D.  11  ;  .\.  11 ;  scales  in  the  lateral 
l.ne  seventy-four,  eight  rows  above  and  seven  below  lateral  line.  The  upper  parts 
are  bluish  ;  sides  white  and  minutely  dotted. 

Names. -ThiH  species  is  usually  called  the  tulHbee,  but  in  Lakes 
Lne  and  Michigan  it  is  sometimes  styled  the  "  mongrel  whitefish  "  on 
the  supposition  that  it  is  a  cross  between  the  common  whitefish  and  the 
lak<'  herring. 

Distribution. -The  tullibee  has  been  taken  recently  in  Lake  Michi- 
gan, and  Dr.  E.  Sterling  had  a  specimen  from  Lake  Erie.  It  is  found  oc- 
casionally in  other  of  the  Great  Lakes  and  extends  northward  into 
British  America,  but  is  comparatively  little  known  to  the  fishermen  and 
18  very  rare  in  collections. 

Size.— This  fish  grows  to  a  length  of  eighteen  inches,  but  the  few  ex- 
ampl(.8  seen  by  me  were  about  one  foot  long.  Its  scarcity  makes  it  un- 
important  as  a  food  fish  in  our  waters;  but  in  some  parts  of  Canada  it 


I 


1 


t 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


71 


is  a  valuable  species.     The  first  account  of  its  habits  was  published  by 
Mr.  F.  C.  Gilchrist  in  Forest  and  Stream,  April  7, 1892. 

Genus  THYMALLUS  Cuvier. 
88.  Thymallus  ontariensis  Cuv.  k  Val. 

The  Grayling'.     {Figure  50.) 

The  grayling  may  bo  readily  distinguished  froui  its  relatives  among  the  salmon, 

whitefish  and  trout  by  its  very  long  and  high  dorsal,  which  contains  about  twenty 

ravs.    The  jaws  contain  well-developed  teeth  and  the  scales  are  smaller  than  in  the 

whitefishes.    The  body  is  oblong,  not  very  deep,  somewhat  compressed.     The  head 

is  short,  its  length  a  little  more  than  one-fifth  of  the  total  without  caudal,  and  nearly 

equal  to  tlie  depth.     The  caudal  peduncle  is  slender,  its  depth  about  one-third  the 

greatest  depth  of  body.     Mouth  moderate,  the  upper  extending  to  below  tlie  pupil. 

A  few  slender  teeth  on  maxillary,  intermaxillary  and  mandible  ;  a  small  vomerine 

patch  of  teeth  and  palatine  teeth  present.     Tongue  toothless  or  with  a  few  small 

teetli.    Seven  or  eight  branchiostegals ;   gill  openings  wide;   about  eleven  short, 

slender  gill-rakers  below  the  angle  of  the  first  arch.     Eye  from  one-third  to  one- 

quarter  as  long  as  iiead.     Distance  of  dorsal  from  snout  equals  one-third  of  total 

length  without  caudal ;  the  dorsal  base  two-sevenths  of  total.     Dorsal  rays  shorter 

in  front  than  behind,  the  longest  ray  near  the  end  of  the  fin,  equal  to  length   of 

head.     The  ventral  origin  is  slightly  behind  the  middle  of  the  dorsal ;  the  length  of 

the  ventral  equals  that  of  the  pectoral,  or  about  four-fifths  length  of  the  head.     The 

anal  origin  is  distant  from  ventral  origin  a  space  nearly  equal  to  base  of  dorsal.     The 

longest  anal  ray  equals  half  length  of  head.    The  adipose  fin  is  above  the  last  rays 

of  the  anal  ;  this  fin  is  narrow,  its  width  being  less  than  half  the  length,  which  is 

but  two-sevenths  of  the  length  of  head. 

D.  24  ;  A.  12 ;  V.  9.     Scales,  9,  90-94,  13. 

The  sides  are  purplish  gray,  silvery  below.  Dorsal  with  blackish  lines  alternat- 
ing with  rose-colored  ones  and  with  green  and  rose-colored  spots.  A  few  small, 
dusky  spots  on  the  middle  of  the  sides  in  front.  Ventrals  crossed  obliquelv  by 
rose-colored  lines. 

The  graylings  of  North  America  are  found  in  Alaska  and  the  north- 
west territory ;  in  Montana  and  probably  other  portions  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region  and  in  botli  northern  and  southern  Michigan.  The 
Michigan  species  is  not  native  in  Pennsylvania,  but  was  introduced  about 
1874  in  this  state  as  well  as  in  New  York.  The  Alaska  grayling  appears 
to  me  to  be  sufficiently  distinct  from  the  Michigan  species  to  be  desig- 
nated under  the  name  by  which  it  was  described  by  llichardson.  Thy- 
mallus sujnifer. 

Dr.  Jordan  distinguishes  a  variety  of  grayling  in  the  Kocky  Mountain 
region,  Thymallus  ontariensis  cis-montanus.  I  have  never  been  able  to 
make  out  more  than  two  species  of  grayling,  the  Michigan  and  Alaskan. 

The  Michigan  grayling  is  best  known  in  the  Muskegon,  Manistee  and 
Au  Sable  rivers.  Th<»  Rifle  and  the  Jordan  also  have  the  species,  and 
Portage  lake  in  the  extreme  northern  part  of  the  state  is  said  to  contain 
it.  This  fish  rarely  exceeds  sixteen  inches  in  length  and  a  weight  of  two 
pounds,  while  the  average  length  is  ten  or  eleven  inches  and  the  weight 
one-half  pound. 


72 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  ffraylin^  resembles  the  brook  trout  in  its  feeding  habits.  Its  food 
consists  of  insects  and  their  larvae.  It  spawns  in  April  and  yields  be- 
tween three  and  four  thousand  eggs.  According-  to  Norris,  the  eggs  are 
deposited  in  the  main  current  of  the  rivers,  and  generally  in  the  wider 
reaches,  on  loose,  coarse,  white  sand  or  small  pebbles.  It  prefers  streams 
which  have  little  variation  in  their  volume  of  water  and  with  equable 
temperature,  neverfreezing  in  winter  and  not  becoming  warmer  than  fifty- 
four  degrees  in  summer.  Seth  Green  obtained  a  few  fertilized  eggs  from  the 
Au  Sable  in  1874,  and  Mr.  Mather  from  the  same  river  the  following  year. 
J^'or  the  experiment  in  Pennsylvania,  streams  flowing  from  large  limestone 
springs,  such  as  are  found  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  were  suggested  by 
Mr.  Norris.  Mr.  Green  found  that  the  grayling  did  not  spawn  for  him 
in  confinement,  and  the  effort  to  introduce  them  into  Pennsylvania  and 
elsewhere  has  been  unsuccessful.  This  is  a  beautiful  fish,  but  opinions 
are  divided  as  to  its  game  qualities  and  its  desirability  for  food. 

Family  SALMONID.S   (Salmon  and  Trout). 
Genus  ONCORHYNCHUS  Suckley. 
89.  Oncorhynchus  chouicha  AN  albaum. 

The  Calitbi-iiia  Salmon. 

The  California  or  quinnat  salmon  is  stout  bodied  and  comparatively  sliorf  its 
greatest  depth  is  contained  about  three  to  three  and  two-thirds  times  in  tlie  length 
without  the  caudal.     The  caudal  peduncle  is  rather  slender,  its  depth  less  than  one- 
third  greatest  depth  of  body.     Before  the  spawning  season  the  head  is  conical   its 
length  about  one-fourth  of  total  to  base  of  tail.     The  maxilla  is  more  than  one-half 
a.H  long  as  the  head  and  extends  far  beyond  the  eye.     The  eyo  is  one-seventh  as  long 
as  the  head.     All  tlie  fins  except  tlio  caudal  are  short  for  so  largo  a  8i)ecie8     The 
dorsal  begins  midway  between  tipof  snoutand  base  of  caudal ;  its  longest  ray  equals 
the  length  of  dorsal  base  and  nearly  one-half  length  of  head.     The  ventral  bc-ins 
under  the  posterior  part  of  the  dorsal  ;  its  lengtli  one-half  length  of  head.     The  anal 
base  IS  as  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  head  ;  its  longest  rav  little  more  than  two- 
tliirds  the  length  of  the  anal  base.     B.  17-19;D.  11 ;  A.  IG;  gill  rakers  23,  of  which  14 
are  below  the  angle.     The  pyloric  cjccaare  very  numerous  (about  150).     Scales  in  lat- 
eral lino  130  to  ir,0.     The  upper  parts  are  grayish,  sometimos  bluisli ;  Ihc  l,ead  darker 
and  with  few  black  spots ;  the  sides  and  lower  parts  are  silvorv.     Numerous  small 
black  siiots  on  the  ba<k  and  the  dorsal  and  caudal  fins.     Males'in  the  breeding  sea- 
son become  very  dark  and  dull  in  color,  tho  sides  blotched  witli  reddish  ;  tlieir  jaws 
also  are  greatly  lengthened  and  hooked  and  tho  teeth  become  canine-like     The  dis- 
tortion is  so  great  at  tliis  time  that  tlie  mouth  cannot  be  closed. 

Names  —This  widely  known  fish  has  received  many  names,  among 
which  are  California  salmon,  quinnat  salmon,  king  salmon,  Columbia 
salmon.  Chinnook  salmon,  Sacramento  salmon,  spring  salmon,  Takou 
Siilmon  and  chouicha,  tho  last  a  Russian  name.  In  the  jniblications  of  tho 
various  fish  commissions  it  usually  appears  as  the  California  or  quin.mt 
salmon 

Disfributiou.— The  quinnat  salmon  is  found  native  in  tho  North  Pacific 
ascending  rivers  from  California  to  Alaska  and  Siberia.     It  is  especially 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


73 


I 

t 


<*< 


^. 


(| 


known  in  the  Sacramento,  Columbia,  Nushagak,  Yukon  and  some  other 
great  rivers.  Through  the  efforts  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission 
it  has  been  widely  distributed  in  the  East  and  beyond  seas;  but  with 
comparatively  poor  results,  as  the  species  does  not  appear  suitable  for 
acclimation,  or  the  proper  method  of  introduction  has  not  yet  been  dis- 
covered. In  Pennsylvania  the  fry  have  been  somewhat  extensively 
planted,  but  without  success.  In  certain  ponds  they  have  been  reared 
to  maturity,  but  were  dwarfed  in  size.  Ten  thousand  fry  were  placed  in 
James  Duffy's  pond  at  Marietta,  in  the  autumn  of  1878.  On  November 
12,  1880,  5,500  of  eight  to  ten  inches  long  were  left  alive  and  planted  in 
the  Susquehanna. 

>S't2e.— This  is  the  largest  species  of  Oncorhynchus,  occasionally  reaching 
a  weight  of  one  hundred  pounds.  The  average  weight,  however,  on  the 
Columbia  river  is  about  twenty-two  and  one-half  pounds,  and  on  the  Sac- 
ramento sixteen.  A  greater  proportion  of  large  individuals  is  taken  in 
Alaska  than  in  any  other  region  and  particularly  in  the  Yukon,  Nushagak, 
and  some  rivers  of  Cook's  inlet.  It  is  believed  that  the  species  will  attain 
a  weight  of  twenty  pounds  when  four  years  old.  The  very  large  salmon 
of  this  kind  must  have  successfully  passed  more  than  one  spawning  sea- 
son, or  else  we  must  admit  a  more  rapid  rate  of  growth  than  appears 
possible.  The  length  of  an  individual  weighing  sixty  pounds  was  nearly 
four  feet;  the  average  length  of  the  adults  is  three  feet. 

Halnts.—lAke  other  species  of  salmon  the  quinnat  attains  its  prin- 
cipal growth  at  sea  and  enters  the  rivers  only  for  the  purpose  of  spawn- 
ing.    The  young  leave  the  streams,  it  is  believed,  at  the  age  of  six  or 
seven  months  when  they  have  reached  a  length  of  four  to  six  inches. 
Wliat  their  history  in  the  ocean  is  no  one  can  tell  as  they  are  not  seen 
until  their  return  for  the  purpose  of  reproduction.     When  the  sea-run 
fish  approach  the  shores  they  come  in  immense  schools  which  break  up 
when  they  have  reached  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  the  land.     They 
play  around  in  tho  bays  near  the  mouths  of  rivers  for  a  short  time  before 
beginning  tho  ascent,  and  it  is  known  that  they  feed  upon  herring,  capelin, 
and  sand  lauuce  at  such  tin\es.     In  fresh  water  they  take  no  food      The 
quinnat  makes  very  long  journeys  towards  tho  headwaters  of  streams, 
in  some  rivers  traveling  upward  of  one  thousand  miles  from  the  sea! 
Spawning  takes  place  in  little  tributaries  of  tho  rivers.     It  is  now  gen- 
erally believed  that  salmon  which  travel  so  great  a  distance  all  die  after 
spawning.     Tho  want  of  food,  the  rough  usage  undergone  in  the  ascent 
of   the  obstructed  waters,  and  the  fatigue  incident  to  the  process  of 
spawning,  combine  to  emaciate  tho  fish ;  the  injuries  received  from  sharp 
rocks  cause  fractures  of  the  skin,  and  these  are  speedily  atta«-k(Hl  by  the 
dreaded  salmon  fungus.  SaproJajuia,  so  that  the  last  days  of  the  once 
beautiful  salmon  are  pitiful  to  look  upon.     Tlie  quinnat  build  a  nest  in 
clear,  shoal  water  on  gravelly  bottom,  s(!oopingout  the  gravel  with-their 
noses  and  leveling  it  with  their  tails,  making  a  circular  depression  a  few 


74 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


feet  m  diameter  m  which  the  e^grs  and  milt  are  deposited,  and  then 
covered  by  the  parent  fish  a-ain  with  grravel.  Spawning  takes  place  in 
the  late  fall  mon  hs,  and  the  e^gs  are  hatched  very  early  in  the  sprin- 
The  artificial  culture  of  this  species  has  attained  to  very  ^reat  import- 
ance The  e^gs  have  been  sent  to  nearly  all  parts  of  the  world  by  tens 
ot  millions.  Numerous  attempts  have  been  made  to  acclimate  the  spe- 
cies m  eastern  waters,  but  the  experiment  has  been  unsuccessful  mainly 
because  of  a  lack  of  conditions  similar  to  those  of  their  native  habitat 
and  because  of  the  almost  total  destruction  of  the  tender  fry  bv  their 
enemies  soon  after  their  deposit. 

Ihes.-Ihe  quinnat  is  one  of  the  most  important  salmon  of  the  world 
commercially.  It  is  the  chief  salmon  of  the  Columbia  and  Sacramento 
as  well  as  those  Alaskan  rivers  in  which  it  occurs.  In  the  canned  con- 
dition It  IS  known  all  over  the  world.  The  flesh  of  this  salmon  is  a  beau- 
ifu  red  and  of  most  excellent  quality.  The  fish  is  sometimes  taken  by 
trolling:  in  the  bays  shortly  after  its  arrival  from  sea.  Herring  is  the 
most  successful  bait.  For  commercial  purposes,  however,  seines,  gill- 
nets  and  fish  wheels  are  mainly  relied  upon  for  its  capture. 

Genus  SALMO  (Artedi)  Linn^us. 

Pennsylvania  has  one  representative  of  the  marine  salmon  and  two 
species  ot  the  river  salmon.  The  first  of  these  belong-s  to  the  genus 
>SaZmo  which  IS  distinguished  from  the  next  group  {Fario)  by  its  sea- 
going habit  the  feeble  development  of  the  vomerine  teeth,  and  the  great 
distortion  of  the  jaws  of  the  male  in  the  breeding  season 

The  group  Fario,  to  which  the  river  salmon  are  referred,  is  not  sea- 
going to  any  great  extent,  although  a  few  individuals  of  some  of  the 
species  go  into  salt  water  occasionally.  The  teeth  of  the  vomer  are 
well  developed  in  a  long,  zig-zag  row,  or  two  alternating  rows,  and  the 
sexual  differences  are  never  strongly  marked. 

90.  Salmo  salar  Linn^tth. 

Tlu'  Atlantic  Salmon.     {Future  4.) 
hI!h»^"^"'  ."'!'"":"''«'*  *  "UMlerately  thick  and  elongate  l,ody.      The  irreatest 


CD 


-6 

•— « 
CI 

en 

CD 


bo- 
ot 


CO 
CO 

o 

IT] 
LQ 


> 

I 

m 
w 


-d 


74 


FISIIIJS  OF  PIJXXSYLWIXIA 


U'ot  m  .liaiurt.T  in  wliidi  the  e^-n^s  au<l  milt  are  deposited,  and  then 
coveivd    .V  tlu>  parent  fish  ao-ain  with  o-ravel.     Spawnino-  takr^s  ph-u'e  in 
th..  lat..  tall  nionths,  an.l  tJie  eo^^^s  arc^  hatched  very  .-arlv  in  the  sprin- 
Hie  artiheial  eidture  of  this  speeies  has  attained  to  ven-  i^ivat  inipoi^^ 
anee      Ihe  <-o.„  have  been  sent  to  nearly  all  parts  of  the  world  by  tens 
ot  millions.     Xuiurrous  attempts  have  l)een  made  to  acclimate  the  sp(>- 
ji.s  ,u  .'astern  waters,  but  the  (Experiment  has  been  unsuccessful  mainly 
l-eause  ot  a  lack  of  conditions  similar  to  those  of  their  native  habitat 
ami  because  ot   the  almost  total  destruction  of  the  temler  frv  by  then' 
enemies  soon  aft(u-  tluMr  deposit. 

/A,.s,_T1h.  (piinnat  is  one  of  the  most  important  salmon  of  the  world 
<'ommercial  y.  It  is  the  c-hief  salmon  of  the  Columbia  and  Sacramento 
as  well  as  those  Alaskan  rivers  in  which  it  occurs.  In  the  canned  con- 
dition 1  ,s  known  all  over  the  world.  The  ricsh  of  this  salmcm  is  a  beau- 
itii  rcl  a.a  ot  mo.st  excellent  <p,ality.  The  fish  is  .sometimes  taken  by 
troll,n<r  m  the  bays  shortly  after  its  arrival  from  sea.  Hcrrin-  is  the 
most  successful  bait.  For  commercial  purposes,  however,  seines  .nil- 
nets  an.l  hsh  whe(>ls  are  mainly  relied  upon  for  its  captur.' 


(Jknds  SALMO  (Ahtkdi)  Linn.k 


us. 


lenns.vlvan.ahasonerepres.Mitativeof  the  marine  salmon  and  two 
speceso  the  nv.-r  salmon.  The  first  of  these  belonos  to  the  «,enus 
Sahno  whH.h  is  d.st.n..uished  from  the  next  <,r.>up  (/Vo/o,  by  its  sea- 
Somo- habit  the  t.-..ble  .lev..lopm.-ntof  the  vomerin.-  t.-eth,  and  Ui..g-reat 
ilist.,rti<»n  ..t  th..  jaws  of  the  male  in  the  i,ivedin-  sea.sou 

i  h.'  ^noup  Fnnn,  t.>  which  the  river  salmon  nvr  ref<.rr...l,  is  not  sea- 
^'o.nj,  to  any  o.,,.at  extent,  altiiou-h  a  few  in.livi.luais  of  some  of  the 
siM.c,es  .o  into  salt  water  occ-asionally.  The  tc-th  .,f  the  vomer  ,uv 
well  devH.»pe.l  m  a  lone,,  xi^-za^  r.,w,  or  tw..  alternating-  rc^ws,  and  the 
sexual  .litlertMices  are  n.'v.-r  str.>n.i,dy  mark.-d. 

QQ.  Salmo  salar  Linni^:! h. 


Tl 


•  ••    Vilaiili«-  Sahiioii.      (  I'l./iirr  ;.  > 


■^ " ■    ""I '"'■■<'  i-<M-i"nL'.,siri,..i..isMn,u„..    ■!■ „, 


CD 


> 

n 

> 

t— ' 

CD 


•T3 
CO 


'Jj 


'-cj 


2i 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


\ 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  75 

mS    sSlel'2?i»  ,7     V  Tf  ""!'  '""""»""  •  -^^  »  "ivlded  rays  and  3*  „di- 
ments.    scales  23,  120,  21.     Vertel™  60.    Pyloric- csca  60  to  70.    In  llie  adult  tl,«  .,.. 
per  parts  are  brownish  or  grayish  ;  thesides  silvery.     Nu.neron,  X  Ihalior  XX 

Males  in  the  breeding  season  have  re.1  blotches  along  the  sides.     I,   the  vouncftlm™ 
.re  from  ten  to  twelve  dark  cross  bar.,  mingled  with'^red  blotches  a:,d'bZr:^lr 
Ihe  landlocked  salmon,  which  has  received  the  name  of  Sebago  does 
not  differ  from  the  seagoing  form  in  any  important  character.    B  ^rot^ 

^  IZ         T  """^  f  "'"""^  '^'•'^^^  '"  "°'°'  """i  'i™«  permanently 
disposed  "^  '"  ""^  ''"'  °^  "^'"^  "  """"'^  ^^  *"  *•»«  ^^  if  so 

W^nTh"^*"*  f  """•  '°  A""""''  l"«  but  a  single  common  name. 
When  the  young  have  reached  a  length  of  a  couple  of  inches  and  taken  on 

LfnTl.""    °°  T^  !?**  ''"*  "™'"  •'""'^^  ^''y  "■•«  ««»«<!  P«T,  and  re- 
tain this  name  while  they  remain  in  fresh  water.     Before  desceiding  to 

the  sea  m  the  second  or  third  spring,  the  parr  assumes  a  bright  silvery 
coat  and  is  then  known  as  a  smolt.  After  a  sojourn  in  salt  water  lasting 
from  four  months  to  about  two  years  it  may  return  to  its  native  river 
either  as  a  sexually  immature  salmon  or  as  a  grilse,  the  female  not  vet 
ready  or  reproducing  its  species,  although  the  male  is  sexually  ma L"^ 
The  landlocked  variety  of  the  Atlantic  salmon  has  been  variously  de- 
nominated  fresh-water  salmon,  sehoodic  trout.  Sebago  trout  dwarf  sal- 
mon and  winninish.  the  last  name  in  use  in  the  sfginaw  region    In 

Sd^^r^r ""  ''^'^  ''  ""™°"'^^'  ^''^'*"--  *«  "PP'--!  to  '"e  land" 
Distra^ioH-ThiH  species  inhabits  the  north  Atlantic  ascending 
rivers  of  Europe  and  America  for  the  purpose  of  reprotluchin^f  Z 
lope  It  extends  southward  to  France,  and  in  the  United  States  the  most 
southern  river  in  which  specimens  have  been  obtained  is  the  PoIoZ 
It  occurs  m  small  numbers  in  the  Delawa,^  and  in  large  numbers  in  the 

r^suZf     1  «°  M  r*,"""'?''  "™>-  •>-'-  --tioned  its  presence  is  Z 
result  of  artificial  intro<luctiou.    It  is  not  found  abundantly  south  of  the 

Merrimacaud  inriversof  NewEngland  andCanadain  which  it  isnat/veit 
ismaintamedalmostexclusivelybyartificial  culture.     The  firstefforts  to 
introduce  the  salmon  into  Pennsylvania  waters  were  ma<le  at  the  ex^nsl 
of  a  numlH,,-  of  gentlemen  of  Easton  and  Philadelphia.    Beginning^ 
1871  they  deposited  a  small  number  of  fry  in  one  of  the  tributaries  of 
the  Delaware  and  repeated  the  experiment  in   1872.     In  March  187^ 
20,000  fry  purchased  from  Mr.  C.  G.  Atkins,  of  Bucksport.S  we^i 
added  to  the  deposits  in  the  Delaware.     In  1873  the  Stat;  of  Pennsy" 
vania  hatched  and  p  anted  27.000  in  the  Delaware,  and  the  New  Je,«^  ■ 
commissioiiers  also  deposited  18,000.     In  1874,  137,000  fry  were  planed 
niBushkill  creek  near  Easton.  Swatara  creek.  ChiquesLunga  c,vek 
Codorus  and  Donegal  creeks.     The  young,  varying  from  foui  to  J  ^ 
inches  long,  have  lieen  taken  by  the  hook.     On  November  9  1877  a  ^ 


i      i 


76 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


mon  thirty-two  inches  lonff  was  captured  in  the  Bushkill  in  Groetziuger's 
mill  race.  This  was  a  female.  Several  other  adults,  six  or  eight  in  all 
were  taken  in  the  fall  of  1877.  A  few  individuals  have  been  caught  in 
the  Susquehanna ;  one  weighing  nineteen  pounds  was  taken  May  11 
1879,  near  Havre  de  Grace.  Of  the  land-locked  variety  a  small  number 
were  placed  in  Harvey's  lake,  Luzerne  county,  and  in  Butter's  pond  ad- 
jommg,  as  early  as  1876.  In  1891  young  salmon  were  abundant  in  the 
upper  Delaware. 

Size.—The  usual  weight  of  the  Atlantic  salmon  ranges  from  fifteen  to 
forty  pounds,  but  individuals  weighing  sixty  pounds  have  been  recorded. 
Habits  and  Reproduction.— The  growth  of  the  salmon  is  accomplished 
chiefly  m  the  ocean.     As  a  rule  the  adults  enter  the  rivers  on  a  risin<^ 
temperature  when  ready  to  deposit  their  eggs ;  the  spawning  season  oc- 
curring on  the  falling  temperature  in  water  not  warmer  than  fifty  de- 
grees.    The  time  of  entering  the  rivers  is  April  in  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson,  a  little  later  in  the  Connecticut,  still  later  in  the  Merrimac,  and 
in  the  Penobscot  they  come  most  abundantly  in  June  and  July;  in  the 
Miramichi  from  the  middle  of  June  to  October.     The  salmon  is  not 
much  affected  by  changes  in  temperature  of  the  water,  enduring  a  ran^^e 
of  fully  forty-five  degrees.     The  eggs  are  deposited  in  shoal  water  on 
sandy  or  gravelly  bottom,  the  parent  fish  making  deep  depressions  by 
means  of  their  noses  or  by  flopping  motions  of  the  tail.     The  period  of 
e^S  depositing  lasts  from  five  to  twelve  days.     The  spawning  season  be- 
gms  about  the  middle  of  October  and  may  run  into  December.     In  some 
European  rivers  the  season  continues  until  February.     The  eggs  jire 
about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  the  female  is  estimated  to 
have  about  one  thousand  for  each  pound  of  her  weight.    In  the  Penob- 
scot, according  to  the  observations  of  Mr.  Atkins,  an  eight-pound  fe- 
male yields  from  5,000  to  6,000  eggs,  and  a  female  of  forty  pounds  about 
15,000  eggs.    The  hatching  period  ranges  from  one  hundred  and  forty 
to  two  hundred  days  or  more,  depending  on  the  temperature.     A  newly- 
hatched  salmon  is  about  three-fourths  of  an  inch  long,  and  theyolksack 
IS  not  absorbed  until  from  a  month  to  six  weeks.     It  then  begins  to  feed 
upon  small  organisms  in  the  water.     At  the  age  of  two  months  it  meas- 
ures one  and  a-half  inches  and  begins  to  show  cross  bars  and  red  spots 
gradually  coming  into  the  parr  stage  which  may  last  until  the  second  or 
third  spring  of  its  life,  when  it  becomes  bright  silvery  in  color  and  is 
known  as  a  smolt.     The  smolt  then  goes  into  the  ocean,  from  which  it 
returns  at  the  end  of  from  four  to  twenty-eight  months  as  a  grilse  or  a 
mature  salmon.     In  the  sea  the  salmon  feeds  upon  herring,  capelin  sjind 
launce,  smelt  and  other  small  fishes,  besides  crustaceans  i  but  during 
its  stay  in  fresh  water  it  takes  no  food. 

i/nemies.— Among  the  worst  enemies  of  salmon  eggs  are  trout  eels 
suckers  and  frogs.  Numerous  species  of  birds  destroy  the  fry.  among 
them  shelldrakes,  kingfishers,  gulls  and  terns. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


77 


:. 


Uses  and  Capture.— The  value  of  the  salmon  us  a  food  and  game  fish 
is  so  well  known  as  to  require  no  description  here.  Those  that  find 
their  way  into  market  are  usually  caught  in  pound-nets,  gill-nets  or 
seines,  and  the  bulk  of  them  are  taken  at  or  near  the  mouths  of  the 
streams  which  they  are  about  to  enter  for  the  purpose  of  spawning. 
Many  are  captured  in  the  upper  reaches  of  streams  by  the  spear. 

91.  Salmo  irideus  Gibbons. 

The  Rainbow  Trout.     {Figure  b.) 

The  rainbow  trout  has  a  short  and  deep  body,  its  greatest  depth  equaling  two- 
seventhsof  the  total  length  without  caudal.  Theleaat  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  equals 
one-half  length  of  head.  Thj  head  is  short  and  deep  ;  its  length  contained^about  four 
and  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  length  without  caudal.  The  snout  is  short,  not  much 
exceeding  the  eye  in  length  and  about  one-fourth  length  of  head.  The  length  of  the 
eye  is  contained  four  and  two-thirds  times  in  that  of  tlie  head.  The  maxilla  does 
not  quite  reach  to  the  end  of  the  eye.  The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is''a  little  nearer  tip  of 
snout  than  root  of  tail.  The  length  of  its  base  is  contained  seven  and  one-half  times 
in  total  witliout  caudal,  and  slightly  exceeds  its  longest  ray.  The  last  ray  is  one-half 
length  of  longest  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal  base.  The 
length  of  the  fin  equals  longest  dorsal  ray.  The  ventral  appendage  is  about  as  long 
as  the  eye.  When  the  ventral  is  extended  the  distance  of  its  tip  from  vent  is  one- 
third  length  of  head.  The  distance  of  ventral  origin  from  anal  origin  slightly  ex- 
ceeds length  of  head.  The  length  of  the  anal  base  is  a  little  more  than  half  length 
of  head.  Its  longest  ray  equals  the  longest  dorsal  ray.  Its  last  ray  is  somewhat 
less  than  the  length  of  the  eye.  B.  11 ;  D.  11  divided  rays  and  4  rudiments.  A.  10 
divided  rays  and  3  rudiments.  Scales  21-135-20.  Ihe  adipose  fin  is  short,  its  width 
nearly  equal  to  its  length  and  two-thirds  length  of  eye. 

The  upper  parts  greenish  blue,  often  purplish.  The  sides  more  or  less  silvery 
and  profusely  spotted  with  small  black  spoU,  these  most  numerous  abovt^ateral 
line.  Head,  dorsal,  adii>ose,  and  caudal  fins  also  black  spotted.  Sea-run  specimens 
are  uniform  silvery  without  black  spots.  In  the  breeding  season  the  broad  crimson 
lateral  band  becomes  brighter,  and  the  sides  of  both  sexes  are  iridescent  purplish. 
The  jaws  of  the  male  in  the  breeding  season  are  not  much  distorted,  but  they  are 
very  much  larger  than  in  the  female. 

Names.— The  rainbow  trout  is  known  also  as  California  mountain 
trout,  specked  trout,  golden  trout,  and  brook  trout. 

Distrihution.—Thm  species  ranges  from  California,  near  the  Mexican 
boundary,  to  southern  Alaska.  A  small  specimen  was  taken  at  Sitka  in 
1880  by  Captain  L.  A.  Beardslee,  U.  S.  N.  The  rainbow  is  found  chiefly 
in  mountain  streams  west  of  the  Sierra  Nevadas.  It  rarely  descends 
into  the  lower  stretches  of  the  rivers;  but  occasionally  does  so  and  passes 
out  to  sea.  In  Pennsylvania  the  rainbow  1ms  heen  rather  extensively 
introduced,  but  with  such  imperfect  results  in  most  cases  that  the  Fish 
Commission  has  practically  given  up  its  distribution.  The  species  re- 
produces naturally  in  Cumberland  county  and  in  Mill  creek  in  Pike 
county,  and  doubtless  in  other  streams.  This  trout  has  been  very  widely 
distributed  artificially,  and  in  numerous  localities  thrives  greatly  beyond 
all  expectations.  Favorite  states  for  this  species  are  Wisconsin,  Michi- 
gan, Missouri  and  North  Carolina.  In  Missouri  the  growth  of  the  spe- 
cies is  most  remarkable,  at  the  Neosho  station  of  the  United  States  Fish 


78 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Commission  averagrin-  about  one  inch  per  month  up  to  the  age  of  one 

■  f''~^l\^''^^^f^^  individuals  of  this  species  are  less  than  one  foot 
m  length,  but  specimens  measuring  nearly  two  feet  and  weighing  eight 
pounds  have  been  recorded.  The  Neosho  station  has  individuals  ne^ly 
one  foot  long  at  the  age  of  one  year. 

Habits  and  Reproduction.-The  rainbow  feeds  on  worms,  insect  larv^ 
and  salmon  eggs.  In  streams  in  which  the  California  salmon  and  rain- 
bow  exist  together,  the  rainbow  is  the  one  species  most  destructive  to 
salmon  eggs.  Spawning  takes  place  in  winter  and  early  spring  varyin- 
with  temperature  and  locality.     The  bulk  of  the  eggs  are  usually  taken 

::  i^i'oo^:ir'    ^^^''  ^^'  *'^  ^^^^^^^  ''-'^  ^^^-^  ^-^  ^-^^^ 

Uses -The  rainbow  is  a  good  table  fish  although  held  in  variable 
estimation  m  different  localities.     In  most  places.liowever.yHon 
sidered  fully  equa  to  the  common  brook  trout.     On  the  McCloud  river 
Cal.,  It  18  regarded  as  superior  to  salmon. 

92.  Salmo  fario  Linnaeus. 

The  Brown  Trout.     {  Fiji  are  0.) 
in  FebrZv  'imM'""T"""  '""••^"°<'<'  '"•-  •"«  U..1W  «««,  fro,,,  .,er„,a„y 

«».,.,«  .„d  rtaep,  iu  deptl,  equaling  fw,.-flrtu,  V^IT^'^,  t.fe  hoad     T,!:tT:th 

.-i.v  i,  ..ro„ni,h  or  hrowni,,,  i.ia,..,  vary,'';  wlrnillLuXfi^""  ""'"'  "'  '-' 
Names.-J^  European  countries  in  which  this  species  is  native  it  bears 

th!  lYf /Jr^     I  'f  ^'°""  "'  **  '^'^"°  "•«"*  ''"'1  ™n  Behr  trout 

the  latter  in  honor  of  Herr  von  Behr,  late  president  of  the  Deutsche 


t>a- 

CD 


w 
> 

txJ 

CD 


O 

a 


CD 
.-J 


w 

O 

< 

> 

> 

td 

> 
2^ 


t3 
cn 


78 


FISUIJS  OF  rEXXSYLVAXlA. 


Commission  avenio-ino.  nhout  one  inch   per  moutli  up  to  tlie  a.^v  of  „ue 


veui 


Si>:i'. 


-T he  avomcre  in.lividnals  of  this  species  ure  less  than  one  foot 
lu  J(>nc.tli,  but  specimens  measurino-  nearly  two  feet  and  weic^hin-  eio-ht 
pounds  have  been  recorded.  The  Neosho  station  has  individuals  nearly 
one  toot  long:  at  the  a«re  of  one  year. 

llahit.  and  Beprod.cfion.-The  rainbovv  feeds  on  worms,  insect  larva, 
and  salmon  ec,^s.  In  streams  in  which  the  California  salmon  and  rain- 
bow <.xist  to^^etlic^r,  tlie  rainbow  is  tli..  one  species  most  destructive  to 
salmon  e-^s.  Spawnin-  takes  place  in  winter  and  early  spring-,  varyin.- 
wit  1  temperature  and  locality.  The  bulk  of  the  e^^s  are  usually  taken 
in  January  February  and  Maivh,  and  the  avera^^e  yiel<l  from  each  female 
IS  about  900  eg-gs. 

//,.,s,_The  raiiibow  is  a  g-ood   table   fish    althcnio-h   held  in  variable 
es  ima  ion  in  different  localities.     In   most   places,  iiowever,  it  is  <.on- 
sidered  fully  <.qual  to  the  common  brook  trout.     On  the  McCloud  river 
I  al..  It  IS  rejLTarded  as  sup«n-ior  to  salmon. 


92.  Salmo  fario  L 


INN.KI-S, 


Thr  Blown  Tioui.      (  I-;,,,, r,- ,;.) 

:;;:::';:;;;:;:■,;;; :  ;;;j;;.r.v;,;;,',r",'; ;':•  - • "■ >«■'  ^-  '■■••- 

'-'>■ '-  '•"'-">' ■ "  „is„  „„„...  ..,„,;,  :;■;;,:■',.;.,',;,";,„;,;;:;-•: ""■  ■"  ""■ 

1"  '■'"" :'  ■■'"■* ";  "-'^  •'■""•■  "'■  t i"iv..i..,.ts  or  ti„.s,.  t,.„„s  T„ 

tl..- iM.t,.,.  ,„  1„,„.„.  .„■  H..,.r  v„,.  I3,.l„.,  I,,,,.  p,,..i.l..„t  of  tl,o  D..,.,".      : 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


in 


CD 


M 


td 
o 


» 


•X3 

CO 

CO 


CM 


2 

en 


< 

> 


> 
I 

tTd 


en 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


79 

^AmeZt  ^^'^^''''  ^^"^  ""^  "^^"^  ^^'^^  '""  *^^  acclimation  of  the  fish  in 

Distribution.-^^^  trout  is  widely  distributed  in  Continental 

Europe  and  inhabits  lakes  as  well  as  streams,  especially  in  Norway  and 
Sweden.     Tributaries  of  the  White  Sea,  the  Baltic,  the  Bla^k  Sea  and 
the  Caspian,  contain  this  species.     In  Great  Britain  it  lives  in  lakes  and 
streams  aiid  has  reached  a  hi^h  state  of  perfection;  in  Germany  and 
Austna,  however,  the  trout  is  a  characteristic  fish  and  our  supply  has 
been  drawn  principally  from  the  former  country.     Moreau  found  it  at  an 
elevation  o    7,000  feet  in  the  Pyrenees  and  a  color  variety  is  native  to 
northern  A  ^eria  in  about  thirty-seven  degrees  north  latitude.     In  the 
United  States  the  brown  trout  has  been  successfully  reared  in  Colorado 
at  an  elevation  of  nearly  two  miles  above  sea  level.     It  is  now  well  es- 
tabhshed  m  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Missouri,  Michigan 
Wisconsin,  Nebraska,  Colorado  and  several  other  states.     This  trout  has 
proved  to  be  well  adapted  to  the  regrion  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
which  has  no  native  bla<.k^potted  species,  although  the  western  streams 
and  lakes  contain  many  forms  in  a  high  state  of  development. 

^•.e.-Under  favorable  conditions  the  brown  trout  has  been  credited 
with  a  weight  of  twenty-two  pounds  and  a  length  of  thirty-five  inches 
^  New  Zealand  rivers,  where  it  was  introduced  with  unusual  success* 
it  now  approximates  equal  size,  but  in  most  localities  ten  pounds  is 
about  the  limit  of  weight,  and  five  or  six  pounds  is  a  good  average 
while  m  some  regions  the  length  seldom  exceeds  one  foot  and  the  weight 
ranges  from  one-half  pound  to  one  pound.     In  the  United  States  a  vdld 
^ecimen.  seven  years  old,  weighed  about  eleven  pounds.     In  a  well  in 
Scotland,  an  individual  aged  fifteen  years,  measured  only  about  one  foot 
m  length.     These  illustrations  will  serve  to  show  how  much  the  growth 
of  a  brown  trout  is  affected  by  its  surroundings  and  food  supply      The 
species  has  been  known  to  become  sexually  mature  when  two  years  old 
and  eight  inches  long. 

HMs^~The  hrov^n  trout  thrives  in  clear.  <.old.  rapid  streams  and  at 
the  mouths  of  streams  tributary  to  lakes.  In  its  movements  it  is  swift 
and  It  leaps  over  obstructions  like  the  salmon.  It  feeds  usually  in  the 
morning  and  evening,  is  more  active  during  evening  and  night,  and 
otten  lies  quietly  ,n  deep  pools  or  in  the  shallow  of  overhanging  Imslies 
and  trees  for  hours  at  a  time.  It  feeds  upon  insects  aiul  their  larva- 
worm.s,  mo  lusks  and  small  fishes,  and,  like  its  relative,  the  rainbow 
trout  It  IS  fond  of^the  eggs  of  fishes.  In  Europe  it  is  descriM  as  risin- 
eagerly  to  the  surface  in  pursuit  of  gnats  and  is  said  to  grow  most  rap- 
idly when  fed  upon  insecits. 

Reproducikm.-H^^ssum^  begins  in  ()<.tober  and  continues  through 
December  and  sometimes  into  January.     The  eggs  are  from  one-sixth 
to  one-fifth  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  yellowish  or  reddish  in  color 
They  are  deposited  at  mterA-als  during  a  period  of  many  days  in  crev- 


7i 


I' 


80 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ices  between  stones,  under  projecting  roots  of  trees  and  sometimes  in 
nests  excavated  by  the  spawning  fishes.  The  parents  cover  the  eggs  to 
some  extent  with  gravel.  The  hatching  period  varies  according  to  tem- 
perature, from  forty  to  seventy  days.  Females  aged  three  years,  fur- 
nish on  the  average  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  eggs  each,  but  indi- 
viduals of  this  age  have  yielded  as  many  as  seven  hundred,  and  even  at 
the  age  of  two  years  some  females  produce  from  four  to  five  hundred. 
When  four  or  five  years  old  the  number  of  eggs  has  reached  fifteen  hun- 
dred to  two  thousand.  The  young  thrive  in  water  with  a  temperature 
of  about  fifty  degrees  Fahrenheit.  Sterility  in  the  females  is  common 
and  breeding  females  have  been  observed  to  cease  reproduction  when 
eight  years  old. 

Qualities. — The  brown  trout  is  in  its  prime  from  May  to  the  last  of  Sep- 
tember. Its  flesh  is  very  digestible  and  nutritious,  and  deeper  red  than 
that  of  the  salmon  when  suitable  food  is  furnished  ;  the  flavor  and  color, 
however,  vary  with  food  and  locality.  Insect  food  produces  the  most 
rapid  giowth  and  best  condition.  This  species  has  been  so  long  known 
as  one  of  the  noblest  of  the  game  fishes  and  its  adaptability  for  capture 
with  artificial  flies,  because  of  its  feeding  habits,  is  so  well  understood 
that  I  need  not  dwell  upon  these  familiar  details. 

Genus  SALVELINUS  (Nilsson)  Richardson. 

In  Pennsylvania  waters  this  genus  of  salmonidse  includes  the  well- 
known  brook  and  lake  trouts.  They  are  distinguished  from  the  salmon 
and  river  trouts  most  readily  by  the  dentition  of  the  vomer.  The  teeth 
are  present  only  in  a  small  rounded  cluster  on  the  head  of  that  bone 
in  the  brook  trout,  and  in  the  lake  trout  they  are  planted  upon  a  raised 
crest  or  chevron  which  is  not  consolidated  with  the  shaft  of  the  vomer. 
The  lake  trout  indeed  is  worthy  of  the  separate  designation — Cristivo- 
mer — assigned  to  it  by  Gill  and  Jordan  in  1878.  There  is  no  difficulty 
in  distinguishing  the  brook  trout  from  the  lake  trout,  the  former  having 
the  typical  teeth  on  the  head  of  the  vomer  and  a  square  tail,  while  the  lake 
trout  has  a  peculiar  dentition  and  a  deeply-forked  tail.  The  coloration, 
also,  would  readily  serve  to  distinguish  the  two  at  all  ages. 

In  the  chari's  the  scales  are  very  small ;  the  sexes  do  not  differ  much 
in  the  prolongation  of  the  jaws,  although  the  male  always  has  a  much 
larger  maxilla  than  the  female.  The  typical  ?harrs  tre  usually  small 
and  the  species  are  numerous,  while  the  sub-genus  Gristivomer  is  rep- 
resented by  a  single  large  and  in  many  respects  peculiar  species. 

93.  Salvelinus  fontinalis  (Mitch.) 

The  Brook  Trout.     (  Fif/ure  7.) 

The  brook  trout  varies  greatly  in  the  shape  of  the  body,  sometimes  being  short 
and  deep  and  again  eh)ngate  and  moderately  thin.  The  depth  is  usually  about  one- 
fourth  or  two-ninths  total  length  without  caudal,  and  is  al)OUt  c(iual  to  length  of 


♦— •  • 

CO 

.-4 


dd 

CD 
CD 

CD 

a 
-a 


CD 
OO 


I — I 
O 

< 


dd 

> 
2fi 


80 


FISHES  OF  PEXXSYLVAXFA. 


i 


ices  l)et\v('(Hi  stones,  imdtu-  projecting?  roots  of  trees  and  sometimes  in 
nests  excavated  by  tlie  spawning  fishes.  Tlie  parents  cover  the  efrs"«to 
some  extent  with  «?ravel.  The  hatcliinjr  period  varies  according-  to  tem- 
perature, from  fort}'  to  seventy  days.  Femah'S  as"ed  three  years,  fur- 
nish on  the  averay-e  al)out  three  hundred  an<l  tifty  eg-g-s  each,  but  indi- 
viduals of  this  aj?e  liave  yiehled  as  many  as  seven  hundred,  and  even  at 
tlie  a.i?e  of  two  years  some  fi'males  produce  from  four  to  five  hundred. 
When  four  or  five  years  old  the  number  of  efj-jrs  has  reached  fifteen  hun- 
dred to  two  thousand.  The  youn<?  thrive  in  water  with  a  temperature 
of  about  fifty  de<ir<'es  Fahrenheit.  Sterility  in  the  females  is  common 
and  breeding?  females  have  been  observed  to  cease  reproduction  when 
eiiiht  years  old. 

iJiinlUk's. — The  brown  trout  is  in  its  prime  from  May  to  tlie  last  of  Sep- 
tember. Its  riesli  is  very  dijrestible  and  nutritious,  and  deeper  red  than 
that  of  the  salmon  when  suitable  food  is  furnished  :  the  fiavor  and  color, 
however,  vary  with  food  and  locality.  Insect  food  produces  the  most 
rapid  ^rrowth  and  best  condition.  This  species  li.as  been  so  long  known 
as  t)ne  of  the  noblest  of  the  game  fishes  and  its  adaptability  for  caj^ture 
with  artificial  fiies,  because  of  its  feeding  habits,  is  so  well  understood 
that  I  need  not  dwell  upon  these  familiar  details. 

(Jents  SALVELINUS  (Xilsson)  Rich.vhusox. 

In  Pi'iinsylvania  wattsrs  this  g-enus  of  salmonida^  includ<'s  tin*  well- 
known  brook  and  lak«»  trouts.  T1m\v  are  distinguished  fnmi  the  salmon 
and  river  trouts  most  readily  by  the  dentition  of  the  vomer.  The  teeth 
are  i)r<'sent  only  in  a  small  rounded  cluster  on  the  head  of  that  b<me 
in  the  brook  trout,  and  in  tlie  lake  trout  they  are  planted  upon  a  raised 
crest  or  chevron  which  is  not  consolidatrnl  with  thi^  shaft  of  the  vomer. 
The  lake  trout  indtM'd  is  worthy  of  the  sej^arate  designation — Cristivo- 
mer — assig-n<Ml  to  it  by  dill  and  Jordan  in  1878.  There  is  no  ditficulty 
in  disting-uishing-  tlu?  l)rook  trout  from  tlm  lake  trout,  th(i  former  haviug" 
the  typical  teeth  on  the  head  of  the  vomer  ami  a  scjuiire  tail,  while  the  lake 
trout  has  a  ])eeuliar  dentition  and  a  deei)ly-forked  tail.  The  coloration, 
also,  would  leadily  serv«'  to  distinguish  the  two  at  all  agr<'s. 

Til  th«^  charis  the  scales  are  very  small:  th(»  se.xes  do  not  dilVer  much 
in  tin-  prolongfation  of  the  jaws,  although  tli«'  male  always  has  a  much 
larger  maxilla  than  the  female.  The  typical  'liarrs  a-e  usually  small 
and  the  species  are  nunii'ious,  while  the  sub-g^enus  (^'i.stivomer  is  rep- 
resent«'«l  by  a  sing-le  larg-e  and  in  many  respects  peculiar  s[)ecies. 

93.  Salvelinus  fontinalis  (Minn  i 

TIh'  Ilrnok  Ti-oiil.      (  /•'ii/iir«'  ,\) 

TIk'  lirook  troiil  \;iii»'s  iii«':ttl\"  in  llic  siia|H- <>l  tin-  liody,  soiiictiinos  hoin^  short 
iiinl  il<i'|>  and  aiiaiii  cl'iiiuali'  and  iii<>«lt'ral(»l  y  tliiii.  'I'Ik'  ilrptJi  is  usually  iil»out  <>nf- 
roiutii   111-  |\\  ii-iiiuilis  total   h-n^rlli   williout  ••auiiai.  ami   isal">nt   ("lual   to  U-n^lii  of 


^ 

rr 


CD 
O 

CD 


\ 


-a 

rc 
oo 

CD 


O 


m 
i_  J 

m 

< 
> 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLI^ANIA. 


about  one-sixth  length  of  head.  The  ioZ  fi.^  rr?^''*'  '°"«  ^  ^»>««nout,  and 
androotof  tan.  The  length  of  irLre^Xt^r^^^^ 
The  longest  ray  equals  equals  length  of  v!lf.  ,  L  *'*  g'-eatest  depth  of  body 
behind  the  middle  of  the  dors^  In  thV  .  u*''  ^*^*  ^^"'ral  origin  is  a  mtf« 
to  the  vent  The  length  ^^e  .^'^LTZ^ZT^  'r"™^  ''  -aches  nl"y 
IS  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  ventral;  i4  longest  raV«  1  '**'  '^''  '^^«  «"«1  "ase 
finis  short  and  stout  Its  width  tw^-thirds  of  iLitnli^ ''""*'**'-  ^be  adipone 
ofeye.  D.  10;  A.  9.  Scales  in  lateral  Mnrool/*'^  *""*  *^«"^  ^^o-thirds  lemrth 
oahe  first  arch  ;  11  below.  '^'  ^'"'  225  to  236;  6  gill  rakers  above  the  anSe 

The  coloration  is  very  variahlfi  «,i»h  ^  . 

«r.vish  „uoh  mottled lithda'k  o.  veTZk  tL"^;  ^heupperpartsare usually 
o  caudal  base  and  lop  of  head  are  all^ Ct  ^^^ '  t? '  ''°"'™'  *"  '""  «"'»"•">■■  Portion 
The  lower  fins  dusky  with  a  creau.y  ^hUe  anter'ior  .!f  T""  '"^  '"■•'•"»  darrba^ 

extending  from  Geor^I  on  tfaT  Zth tTf  ^  '''■'"'*  ^^^  -^o^^ 
Pennsylvania  it  is  most  abunla^  "^  tt  HT'"'' °"  ""^  "»'*'>■  I" 
state  and  particularly  in  Pike  tTd  mJI'  southeastern  portion  of  the 
of  this  trout  has  been  wonderfdlv^rT^T*"'-  ^he  distribution 
as  it  has  always  been  aT^  with  fish  ,^''1''^'''''' '°'^''''»''''on. 
found  thriving  in  many  of  the  western  «tf        T!^'    ^'  '«  ""^^  *<>  ^ 

tplarly  thrifty  in  Neb'rasktc^  ^^o  N^.^  an/r*?';"'  *""  '«  ^'"^ 
also  been  sent  to  Mexico  nn,1  t^  v  ®*'^''  ""^  California.    It  has 

the  Fish  Commissi;  1  Sribtt^s  mmZTrr *"^"    ^°  Pennsylvanm 
«J«.-The  average  broSc  trour^M  *'^'«/P«<''««  """ually. 

n  length,  and  smaller  inXiduTar^'t^, "'^'^  T'"'  "'  '^^'  '""hes 
legal  protection.  In  the  nort^ste™""  Jr,  ''^."°''*''*  "-"^  ^^l-'^^ 
^rows  much  larger,  specimens  ::thlgt.m  11"';""'  ""^  *"°°'' '""" 
not  uncommon,  and  in  one  of  the  rI^Ii  ^  i  *°  ^'^  Pounds  being 
iuR  eleven  pomids  is  recorded  tMe^!,"  n*"'' ""  ''"''"''»"«'  "«gh 
specimen  in  the  Sanlt  St.  M^rie  and  kIiW^ J^T"  "^^  "  '-«'-«« 
to  weigh  seventeen  pounds.  """''""^  °"<*  which  was  said 

Haiils.—Tbe  book  trout  does  „r,t  fl,.    •  i   ■ 

and  prefers  a  temperature  of  X"t  50  "it -r  ""1'  ^""'^  *'"'"  «8°. 
clear  mountain  streams  and  will  !,.,„!  '  "'babitant  of  the  cold 

by  miU  refuse  and  othe;  hurt  u  's  bJtZr  ^/'-'j  "^T^  ^'^"^ 
and  around  Cape  Cod  where  the  1.^1  !'    ?, *''«!*"»  Island  region 
water,  it  has  the  habit  of  go^c  to  seaTn  «     •  V"".'"*  '^''^  'o  salt 
the  winter.    It  then  grows  rln7,lv       ,7        '""  ""^  •'emainiug  during 
fish  than  manywhicnrel^SX'^rrT"""'  "<- '-ti°u! 
when  the  temperature  of  the  stZns  ,  °    '       7     .":    ^"  ''"'  »'""ber 
accessible,  trout  seek  the  deep  Zs  oTth'l  f  °  '"^''  """^  '"''««  «™ 
cold  springs.    In  streams  aJyJellC\^%''f  "■"'  "'"  ^'«'°"y  of 
6  Fishes.  ^  ">  e  to  be  found  in  deep  pools  or  in  clian- 


82 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


nels.  They  feed  in  spring-  and  early  summer  amou^  the  rapids  upon 
insects  and  small  crustaceans. 

ReproducHon. — The  brook  trout  is  a  nest  builder.  Cavities  are  made 
in  the  gravel  and  the  nest  is  shaped  with  the  tail  and  the  larger  stones 
are  carried  in  the  mouths  of  the  parents.  After  the  eggs  are  deposited 
they  are  covered  with  gravel.  The  eggs  are  not  all  deposited  at  one 
time.  Spawning  usually  begins  in  October,  but  brook  trout  are  spawn- 
ing at  some  locality  in  almost  every  month  of  the  year  except  mid- 
summer. The  egg  is  about  one-fifth  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  varies 
in  color  from  pale  lemon  to  orange  red.  The  average  yield  of  the  female 
is  from  400  to  600.  Mr.  Livington  Stone  has  taken  1,800  from  a  fish 
weighing  one  pound.  The  period  of  hatching  will  depend  upon  the 
temperature,  ranging  from  165  days  in  water  of  37°  to  32  days  in  water 
of  64°.  The  yolk  sack  is  absorbed  in  from  30  to  80  days,  and  after  its 
absorption  the  young  fish  begin  to  feed.  The  rate  of  growth  will  of 
course  depend  upon  the  amount  of  food  consumed.  In  artificial  culture, 
yearlings,  according  to  Mr.  Ainsworth's  estimate,  will  average  two 
ounces;  two-year  olds  four  ounces;  three-year  olds  eight  ounces,  and 
four-year  olds  one  pound. 

The  value  of  tlie  brook  trout  as  a  food  fish,  and  its  game  qualities  are 
so  well  known  that  I  need  not  refer  to  them  here. 

94.  Salvelinus  namaycush  (  Walb.  ) 

Tin*  Ijake  Trout.     (Fif/urc  s.) 

The  lake  trout  or  Namaycush  has  a  stout  and  inoderatelj'  elongate  body.  The  ciiudal 
dal  peduncle  is  slender,  its  height  little  more  than  one-third  greatest  height  of  body. 
The  eye  is  large,  placed  near  the  top  of  the  head,  two- thirds  as  long  as  the  snout, 
and  contained  four  and  a-half  to  hve  and  a-half  times  in  length  of  head.  The  max- 
illa reaches  far  behind  the  eye;  its  length  is  nearly  one-half  that  of  head.  The  ori- 
gin of  tlie  dorsal  is  midway  between  the  tip  of  snout  and  root  of  tail.  Thi'  length 
of  the  base  equals  length  of  maxilla.  Its  longest  ray  one-sixtli  of  total  without 
caudal.  The  ventral  is  imder  the  hind  part  of  dorsal ;  its  length  half  length  of  head. 
The  appendage  is  very  short,  about  one-lialf  length  of  eye.  The  fin  when  ex- 
tended reatihes  nearly  to  the  vent.  The  distance  l)etween  \entral  origin  and  anal 
origin  is  one-fifth  total  length  witliout  caudal.  The  anal  liase  is aljout  one-third  length 
of  head.  Tlie  longest  ray  one-half  h'nglli  of  head.  The  last  ray  ecjual  to  eye.  The 
pectoral  is  nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  hea<I.  H.  11  to  12;  T>.  9  to  10,  besitlessev- 
eral  rudiments  ;  A.  9  and  several  rudiments  ;   V.  9.     Scales  of  lateral  line  about  200t 

The  coloration  is  extremely  variable,  generally  grayish,  in  the  variety  known  as 
the Tuladi,  nearly  black.  Alaskan  s])ecinK>ns  are  usually  very  dark;  occasionally 
the  upper  i)arts  are  pale.  The  sides  are  profusely  covered  with  roundish  pale  spots, 
sometimes  with  a  reddish  tinge.  On  the  ba<*k  and  lop  of  head  there  are  fine  vermic- 
ulations  resembling  those  of  the  brook  trout.  The  caudal  in  addition  to  numerous 
pale  spots  has  many  small  dark  bloU-hes. 

Names. — The  lake  trout  has  received  many  names,  among  which  are 
the  following:  Mackinaw  or  Namaycush,  Togue,  Tuladi  and  salmon 
trout.  Additional  names  of  the  species  arc  Lunge,  red  trout,  gray 
trout  and  black  salmon.  Togue  and  Tuladi  an;  names  applied  in  Maine, 
Now  Brunswick  and  Canada  .  M{U3kinaw  and  salmon  trout  in  the  Great 


CD 

oo 


> 

CD 

cz: 


CX) 


I — I 

in 

W 
U2 

O 

:z: 

CO 
t-' 

< 


> 

I 

in 
w 
> 
2: 


82 


FISHES  OF  rFXXSYLrJXFt. 


iiels.  Tluv  t'«'i'(l  ill  spiina  and  early  suiiinu'r  amouj,'-  tlie  i'a[)itls  upon 
iiist'cts  ami  small  c-nistacoaiis. 

Reproilnvfioii. — The  brook  trout  is  a  m-st  builder.  Cavities  are  made 
iu  the  jxravel  and  the  nest  is  shai)ed  with  the  tail  ami  the  lar<xer  stones 
are  earried  in  tho  mouths  c)f  the  parents.  After  the  e<j:«jrs  are  deposited 
thej'^  are  covered  with  jj:ravel.  The  e^^i^s  are  not  all  de[)osit<(l  at  one 
tim<'.  Spawning"  usually  be^rins  in  October,  but  brook  trout  are  spawn- 
iiii,'  at  some  locality  in  almost  every  month  of  the  year  except  mid- 
summer. Tlu;  ejj^ji"  is  about  one-tifth  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  varies 
in  color  from  pale  lemon  to  orange  red.  Tlu'  averajjfe  3'ield  of  the  female 
is  from  400  to  GOO.  Mr.  Livinjjfton  Stone  has  taken  1,800  from  a  fish 
Avei«2rhin«i'  one  pound.  i'he  period  of  hatchin«jr  ^vill  dej>end  upon  the 
tempeiature.  ran^iiiir  from  1()5  days  in  water  of  'M  to  32  days  in  water 
of  54  .  The  yolk  sack  is  absorbed  in  from  30  to  80  days,  and  after  its 
absorption  the  youni.;-  tisli  be«jfin  to  feed.  The  rate  of  <riowth  will  of 
course  depend  upon  the  amount  of  food  consum«'d.  In  artificial  culture, 
yearlin«rs,  accordiiii:-  to  Mi-.  .VinswortlTs  estimat*',  will  averajje  two 
ounces:  two  year  olds  four  ounces:  three  year  oUls  eifrht  ounces,  and 
four-year  olds  one  })ound. 

The  value  of  the  luook  tiout  as  a  food  fish,  and  its  «rame  <pialities  are 
80  well  known  that  I  lu-ed  not  refer  to  them  ln're. 

94.  Salvelinus  namaycush  (Wait..) 


Till-    l.akf    Iroiii. 


/•'("//'/■< 


Tlif  lakf  ii<ml  <>r  Naiiia,\'«'iisii  liasa  stmit  ami  iiioilt'iatt'ly  rlun^ati-  ImmIn  .  Tin-  <;tutial 
«lal  pciluiK'l*'  i--  sh'Htlcr.  its  height  litlU'  iiion'  tliaii  <iiu'-tlunl  ^n-atest  lu-iylit  of  Imily. 
'I'Ih' ('v<' is  larn«',  phift'il  lu-ar  the  top  of  tln'  head,  two  tliinls  as  loiij;  as  the  snoiit, 
aii<l  i-oiitaiiietl  foiiraiKl  a-liaif  to  live  ami  a-lialf  tiiii<s  in  Ifiiirtli  of  li)'a<i.  'I'Ik-  max- 
illa n-arhcs  far  !K>hiii«l  tiuM-yc;  its  lciii;tli  is  iwarly  oiM--iialf  that  of  lu'a<l.  'I'lic  ori- 
gin of  tin*  «l<»rsal  is  midway  Ix't  ween  ilic  tip  of  snout  aii<l  rotit  of  tail.  Tlif  Icmrtli 
•)f  lh<>  l»ast>  »ipials  liii^rth  of  maxilla.  Its  lonjre^t  ray  on«'-si.\tli  of  total  witlmiit 
cawilal.  Tlu' vciiiral  is  nml«'r  llic  liind  part  of  dorsal  :  i!s  lfii<rtli  lialf  N'lijrtli  of  In-ad. 
Tlw  app(Mi<Ia>r«'  is  very  short,  ationl  one-half  h-nirlli  "f  <'Vf.  Tlu'  lin  w  li»'n  t-x- 
tcmlcil  rraclies  iM'arly  to  the  \  cut.  Tlif  ilistani-i-  intwccn  \<'iilral  oritrin  and  anal 
ori;rin  is  one-fifth  total  lfn;rth  without  caudal,  'rinaiial  l>as«'isal>out  one-third  Icn^jth 
of  head.     The  lonj^est  ray  one-hall  length  of  h. 'ad.      The  last    rayeipial  to  eye.     'I'ho 

j toral  is  nearly  two-thirds  as  lojiii  as  the  head.      i',.  11  toll!;   l>.  ;♦  to  ](>,  besides  s.v- 

I'ral  rudiments:  A.  '.»  and  several  rudiments:    V.  '.'.     Scales  of  lateral  lineahoul  2(H>. 

Tho  I'oloration  i-  extremely  variahle.  generally  firayisli.  in  the  variety  known  aH 
Ihi^Tuladi,  nearly  hlaek.  .\laskau  spe<'iiuens  are  usuallv  verv  tiark  ;  oe«'aHionall V 
the  upper  ]>arts  are  pale.  '{'In-  sides  are  j>rofusely  lovered  with  roumlish  pale  spots, 
sometimes  wilh  a  redilish  tinjre.  <  )n  the  haek  and  top  o|  head  ihere  are  fine  \  ermie- 
ulatiollH  reseinhlili^  tiu>s(>  of  the  hrook  trout.  'I'Ik'  eandal  in  addition  to  numerous 
pale  spots  has  many  small  tIark  Motelies. 

XoHirfi. — The  lake  trout  has  received  many  names,  amoni:  which  are 
th«'  followiiii,'-:  Mackinaw  or  Namaycush,  Toj^ue,  Tuladi  and  salmon 
trout.  Additional  mimes  of  the  sjx'cies  are  Iduip',  red  trout,  ;::i*ay 
trout  and  black  salmon.  To<rue  and  Tuladi  are  nam^s  applied  in  Maine, 
New  l*runswick  and  Canada  .   Mackinaw  and  salmon  trotit    in  the  (beat 


oo 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


83 

mVr,6„/,W,-The  lake  trout  is  native  in  the  Great  Lake  region  lakes 
of  New  York  and  New  England,  Idaho,  and  northward  intoLabr^or 
Bnfsh  America  and  Alaska.      Extending  over  such  a  wide  , "of 
country,  i   vanes  greatly  in  size,  form  and  color,  which  will  in  pa^t  ac 
count  for  the  various  names  which  it  has  received     It  W  ll      f       i' 
above  the  Arctic  circle  in  Alaska.  '  ^™  '""""^ 

&«.-This  is  one  of  the  largest  species  of  the  salmon  family  resident 
m  fresh  waters,    ft  reaches  a  length  of  three  feet  and  spec^enrweth 
ing  forty  pounds  are  not  uncommon.    It  is  said  that  an  "xamXof 
mnety  pounds  and  measuring  six  feet  in  length  has  been  t^en     The 

sr  'i  t:  :  ir  '^^*  r "r  ■"  ^■"'"^  Huron.  jficiiSrand  8 : 

WifulJ'cdotVfisr"''  *"  "^  '^'^^  ''^-  ""'  -^  ^  very  shapely  and 
jy«A»-fe-The  lake  trout  is  one  of  the  most  rapacious  fishes  of  itsfam- 

itz  r '^ '"  '^^  ^  at;:rernr  LX^-"^: 

matril  of    hi  Tr,"  "T""''''''-    ^'  ""'  <'«™-  t»ble  refuse,  and 
materials  of  this  kind  have  frequently  been  taken  from  its  stomach 
Even  twigs,  leaves  and  pieces  of  wood  have  been  eaten  by  tWsZt 
The  species  IS  much  more  sluggish  in  its  habits  than  the  bro^k  troui 
^d  IS  taken  on  or  near  the  bottom.    The  gill  and  pound  netsTnwWch 
tins  spec.es  is  principally  captured  are  set  in  deep  water 

befrd1r:;:'„:s"itT:iir'E^^^^^^ 

rockyshoals  and  reefs  in  c^t  of^^^l^eTro  XT^a^d 
spawn  near  the  edges  of  r,«k  caverns,  into  which  the  eg^settk  T  » 
young  are  hatched  late  in  the  winter  or  eariy  in  snrL  T„ 
localities  the  depth  of  the  spawning  ai-eas  ™."es  from  fifZT;  ,  «  T 
only  seven  feet.  Mr.  Milner  found  14.943™":s  in"Taket  ,t «  T'  *" 
twenty-four  pounds.  In  tl,..  hatchery.'  withT:^  temprturolf  r 
-seven  degi-ees.  the  young  hatch  aln^ut  the  last  week  ,f  .Cutrv  Init 
their  hatching  may  be  retarded  several  wx-ks  by  lower  tlmZT^, 

Ca,.,.e.-The  fishery  for  the  lake  trout  is  n.it  Jt  -e irSem^r 
October  and  November,  and  the  fish  are  taken  .hiefly  i„  pound  and  rfi 
nets.  In  some  regions  many  of  them  also  are  caught  w  ^  Iks  ^l 
Lake  Erie  a  few  large  trout  of  this  species  weighino-  from  vcnTv  fiv  , 
forty  pounds  are  taken  off  the  city  of  Erie  In  188-  r  '"fP'-^'fi^" ,'» 
statistics  of  tlie  United  States  Fisi.  Commlssio.'  J^Xo^cW  1  e" 
trout  were  taken  111  Erie  county.  l  ^  """«  ot  lake 

Uses.— Thin  species  is  very  extensively  used  for  foo.l   nlf  w.«   i    •.  • 
not  considei^d  a  dioi.,  fi.,h.     Being  very  abundant  f^l  S\ W 
lakes  and  a  fish  of  extremely  large  size,  it  is  important  commercraUy!' 


84 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


In  Pennsylvania  a  fertile  hybrid  between  the  lake  and  brook  trout  is  held 
in  much  higher  esteem  than  the  lake  trout  as  a  food  fish. 

Family  PEBCOPSID^  (The  Trout  Perches). 
Genus  PERCOPSIS  Aoassiz. 
96.  Percopsis  guttatus  Agassiz. 

The  Trout  Perch. 

Body  rather  long  and  moderately  compressed,  covered  with  thin  ctenoid  scales; 
head  scaleless  and  without  barbels.  Gill  openings  wide.  Opercles  well  developed. 
Gill  rakers  short,  tubercular.  Skull  highly  cavernous ;  mouth  small ;  the  margin  of 
the  upper  jaw  formed  by  the  short  non-protractile  intermaxillaries.  No  supple- 
mental maxillary  bone.  Small  villiform  teeth  on  the  intermaxillaries  and  mandible. 
The  tongue  is  short,  not  free  at  tip.  Pseudobranchiso  developed.  Six  brancbloste- 
gals.  The  lateral  line  is  continuous.  The  first  dorsal  over  middle  of  body,  with 
nine  to  eleven  developed  rays.  Adipose  fin  small.  The  anal  and  ventral  eight- 
rayed.  Caudal  long,  forked.  Pectorals  narrow,  placed  high.  The  stomach  is  siph- 
onal  and  with  numerous  pyloric  csaca.  as  in  certain  Salmoiiidoe.  The  eggs  are  mod- 
erately large  and  are  excluded  through  an  oviduct     Air  bladder  present 

The  greatest  height  of  tlie  body  is  about  two-ninths  of  the  total  without  caudal, 
tlie  head  about  three-elevenths.  The  maxilla  does  not  reach  to  the  eye.  The  lower 
jaw  is  slightly  included. 

Scales  in  lateral  line  47  to  50. 

Color  pale  olivaceous,  the  upper  parts  witli  rounded  dark  spots  made  up  of  minute 
dots.     A  silvery  median  stripe,  becoming  obsolete  in  front     Peritoneum  silvery. 

The  trout  perch  is  a  common  fish  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  their  tribu- 
taries. It  ranges  north  to  Hudson's  Bay  having  been  obtained  at  Moose 
Factory  by  Walton  Hayden,  also  from  Nelson  river,  near  Bock  Factory, 
by  Dr.  Robert  Bell.  It  has  been  collected  in  the  Delaware  river  by  Dr. 
C.  C.  Abbott,  in  the  Potomac  by  Professor  Baird,  in  the  Ohio  by  Drs. 
Jordan,  Henshall  and  Bean,  and  Dr.  Gill  has  recorded  the  species  from 
Kansas.  The  trout  perch  is  too  small  to  be  valuable  for  food,  but  is 
doubtless  an  excellent  bait.  It  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  fishes  of 
our  fresh  waters,  combining  as  it  does  the  characters  of  the  salmon  and 
some  of  the  perches.  Its  name  indicates  this  singular  relationship.  It 
is  voracious,  takes  the  hook  freely  and  spawns  in  the  spring. 


Order  H.\PL0MI.    Thk  Pike  like  Fishes. 

Family  OYPRINODONTID-ffl  (The  Killi  fishes). 
Genus  FUNDULUS  La<  kpkdi-. 
96.  Fundulus  majalis  (Walbaum.) 

Tho  Striped  Killiflsh.     (Fiffurf  -,i.) 

The  body  is  stout,  ol>long,  not  very  deep  nor  greatly  compressed.  Tlio  head  is 
contained  nearly  two  and  one-half  times  in  the  total  longtli  witliout  caudal,  and  the 
«lepth  four  times.  Tlio  snoijt  is  moderately  long,  one  and  one-lialf  times  as  long  as 
the  eye.     Tlio  eye  one-fiftli  as  long  as  liead.     Tlie  scales  are  moderately  large,  those 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


85 


" 


on  the  head  about  equal  to  the  average  of  those  on  the  body.  Scales  on  the  cheeks 
'  in  about  three  longitudinal  rows  ;  about  twelve  rows  between  dorsal  origin  and 
nape.  The  pectoral  in  both  sexes  equals  the  distance  from  the  middle  of  the  eye  to 
the  end  of  the  head.  The  ventral  and  anal  are  longer  in  the  male  tlian  in  the  fe- 
male. In  the  male  the  ventral  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head,  in  the  female  only 
about  two-fifths  of  the  head.  The  longest  anal  ray  of  the  male  equals  four-fifths  of 
the  length  of  the  head,  while  in  the  female  it  is  scarcely  more  than  one-half  as  long 
as  the  head.  The  dorsal  of  the  male  is  differently  shaped  from  that  of  the  female, 
its  last  rays  being  nearly  as  long  as  the  longest,  while  in  the  female  the  last  ray  is  not 
much  more  than  one-half  length  ot  longest  ray.  D.  13-14  ;  A.  11.  Scales  35,  15. 
The  sexes  may  be  at  onee  distinguished  by  their  difference  in  color,  the  female 
having  several  narrow  lateral  stripes,  while  the  male  has  distinct  cross-bands,  vary- 
ing from  twelve  to  twenty  in  number.  In  the  male  the  sides  and  upper  parts  are 
dark  olivaceous.  The  sides  are  silvery,  lower  parts  a  beautiful  yellowish  green  ;  the 
sides  are  also  marked  by  a  varying  number  of  dark  bands,  the  width  of  which  varies 
also;  a  large  black  spot  on  the  operculum.  The  dorsal  is  olivaceous  with  a  l)lack 
blotch,  sometimes  circular  in  form,  on  the  last  three  or  four  rays.  The  pectorals  are 
yellowish;  ventrals  yellowish  green;  anal  olivaceous;  caudal  orange.  In  the  fe- 
male the  lower  parts  are  white,  upper  parts  olivaceous  and  along  the  sides  is  a  me- 
dian dark  band  and  below  this  two  short  interrupted  dark  stripes.  Two  or  more  short 
transverse  dark  bars  on  the  caudal  peduncle. 

The  striped  killifish,  also  known  as  the  banded  or  striped  mummi- 
chog,  bass  mummy,  bass  fry,  Mayfish,  yellowtail  and  New  York  fjadj^eon, 
is  the  largest  member  of  its  family  known  on  our  eastern  coast.  Its 
range  extends  from  Cape  Cod  to  Florida.  In  Pennsylvania,  Professor 
('ope  states  that  it  probably  ascends  the  Delaware  as  far  as  the  boun- 
dary of  the  state,  and  we  see  no  reason  to  doubt  its  occurrence  even  in 
fresh  water. 

The  female  is  usually  larger  than  the  male  and  examples  measuring 
eight  inches  in  length  have  been  recorded.  It  swarms  in  shallow  bays 
and  salt  marshes,  and  although  not  used  as  food  it  is  extremely  import- 
ant for  the  subsistence  of  economic  species  and  is  also  extensively  used 
for  bait.  The  name  bass  mummy,  applied  to  the  species  on  Long 
Island,  refers  to  its  use  in  the  capture  of  striped  bass.  The  species 
breeds  in  summer  and  the  young  are  abundant  in  shallow  water  among 
eel  grass  and  other  aquatic  plants. 


97.  Fundulus  diaphanus  (LeSueor.) 

The  Barred  KilllHsli. 

The  body  is  moderately  slender  and  elongate,  its  greatest  depth  equaling  about 
two-ninths  of  the  total  length  without  tail,  or  .somewhat  less  than  the  length  of  the 
liead.  The  head  is  fiat  above,  the  width  Ix'tween  the  eyes  equaling  nearly  half 
length  of  head.  The  mouth  is  very  protractile,  small,  its  width  somewhat  greater 
than  the  length  of  the  lower  jaw.  The  upper  jaw  is  as  long  as  the  eye,  a  little  more 
than  one-fourth  length  of  head,  which  equals  about  one-fourth  of  total  length  with- 
out caudal.  The  length  of  the  dorsal  base  <>quals  the  deptii  of  the  body  and  much 
exceeds  length  of  anal  base.  Length  of  longest  dorsal  ray  loss  than  one-half  head  ; 
longest  anal  ray  two-thirds  length  of  Jioad.  The  dorsal  is  midway  between  the  tip  of 
the  snout  and  tlie  root  of  the  caudal.  The  anal  is  wliolly  under  the  dorsal.  Length 
of  pectoral  six  and  one-half  times  in  total.     Caudal  large,  convex  behind.    , 

D.  14 ;  A.  VL     Scales  44-4<J,  i;]. 


86 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  females  are  olivaceous  with  silvery ;  sides  traversed  by  fifteen  to  twenty-five 
narrow  dark  cross  bands ;  fins  pale.  The  males,  at  least  in  the  breeding  season,  are 
pale  olive  with  about  twenty  pearly  white  cross  bands. 

The  barred  killifish,  also  knowTi  as  the  spring  mummichog-  and  toothed 
minnow,  inhabits  the  Great  Lakes,  and  their  tributaries,  east  to  Massa- 
chusetts, south  to  Virginia  and  Indiana,  west  to  Colorado,  according  to 
Cope,  south  to  Texas.  In  Ohio,  and  west,  is  found  a  variety  with  very 
distinct  and  somewhat  irregular  bands  and  the  back  always  spotted, 
which  has  been  called  variety  menona  by  Jordan  and  Copeland.  East- 
ern specimens  have  the  back  unspotted  and  the  cross  bands  faint  and 
regular,  but  extremely  variable  in  number.  The  diflference  in  colora- 
tion of  the  sexes  is  very  striking,  especially  in  the  breeding  season 
when  the  adult  males  have  silvery  cross  bands.  The  barred  killifish 
grows  to  a  length  of  four  inches.  It  runs  down  into  brackish  waters 
along  the  east  coast  and  ascends  far  up  the  streams,  delighting  in  cold 
water.  This  fish  has  no  importance  except  as  bait  and  food  for  larger 
species.  In  the  brackish  waters  along  the  coast  it  is  eaten  in  large 
numbers  by  the  striped  bass  and  the  weakfish.  The  black  bass  and  trout 
also  feed  upon  it. 

98.  Fundulus  heteroclitus  (Linn^us.) 

The  Cotninoii  Killifl  «h      {Figure  52.) 

The  body  is  short  and  stout  in  both  sexes ;  its  depth  one-fourth  of  the  length  In- 
cluding the  tail  and  slightly  greater  than  the  length  of  the  head.  The  head  is  mod- 
erately short,  with  an  obtuse  snout  and  the  space  between  the  eyes  very  flat.  The 
lower  jaw  projects  slightly.  The  eye  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  tlie  snout  and 
one-fifth  the  length  of  the  head.  The  pectoral  reaches  to  tlie  ninth  or  tenth  row  of 
scales ;  its  length  is  equal  to  the  base  of  the  dorsal.  Tlie  dorsal  is  considerably 
nearer  to  the  end  of  the  tail  than  to  the  tip  of  the  snout ;  its  longest  ray  in  the  female 
one-half  length  of  head.  The  anal  is  entirely  under  the  dorsal ;  its  longest  ray  equals 
the  longest  of  the  dorsal,  its  base  about  one-third  length  of  head.  The  ventral  origin 
is  under  about  the  twelfth  scale  of  the  median  line,  its  length,  two-thirds  that  of 
the  pectoral,  considerably  less  than  half  head  ;  when  extended  it  reaches  nearly  to 
vent.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  is  one-seventh  of  the  length  Including 
caudal.  All  tlio  fins  have  rounded  outlines  and  the  caudal  is  especially  convex. 
Scales  14,  33.     D.  11 ;  A.  11. 

The  females  are  nearly  uniform  olivaceous,  lighter  below  ;  caudal  with  a  median 
narrow  band  of  a  paler  color ;  most  of  the  scales  have  a  narrow  dusky  submarginal 
streak  ;  the  scales  of  the  head  are  very  irregularly  arranged  and  unequal  in  size. 
The  males  are  dark  groenisli  witli  many  narrow  irregular  silvery  bars  on  the  sides 
and  with  the  belly  yellowish  or  orange.  The  sides  are  also  more  or  less  spotted 
with  white  or  yellow.  The  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  are  dark  with  many  small  pale 
spots.  On  the  last  rays  of  the  dorsal  there  is  frequently  a  dark  blotch,  which  some- 
times Is  surrounded  by  paler  giving  it  an  ocellated  appearance.  In  tlio  young  this 
l)lotch  is  often  subdivided  into  two  parts.  Narrow  dark  bands  are  sometimes  present 
in  the  young  mule. 

The  killifish  is  not  a  common  fish  in  Pennsylvania,  being  for  the  most 
part  a  marine  species,  but  has  been  found  in  the  Delaware  by  Prof. 
Cope.  It  is  frequently  called  mummichog  or  saltwater  minnow,  and  the 
namo  mudfish  has  also  been  applied  to  it.     In  the  vicinity  of  Boston  it 


" 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


87 


is  known  to  boys  under  the  name  of  cobbler  and  on  Long  Island  it  is 
called  mummy  or  chog-mummy.  If  we  follow  Dr.  Jordan  in  considering 
Fundulus  grandis  of  Baird  and  Girard  as  merely  a  variety  of  heteroclitus 
the  range  of  the  species  will  be  extended  fi-om  Maine  to  Mexico,  usually 
in  shallow  salt  or  brackish  water  but  sometimes  ascending  streams  be- 
yond tidewater.  The  killifish  grows  to  a  length  of  five  or  six  inches;  it 
has  no  importance  as  a  food  fish,  but  is  eaten  in  large  numbers  by  many 
of  the  valuable  economic  fishes,  particularly  the  striped  bass  and  the 
weakfish.  Dr.  Storer  says  it  is  an  excellent  bait  for  smelts.  Piscivorous 
birds  consume  it  in  large  quantities  and  domestic  ducks  have  been 
known  to  swallow  it  with  apparent  great  relish.  Eggs  have  been  found 
in  this  species  as  late  as  August.  It  spawns  in  the  spring  and  early 
summer  and  the  young  are  found  in  great  schools  in  summer  in  the  eel 
grass  and  on  sandy  beaches  in  company  with  other  species  of  killifish, 
the  common  silverside  and  various  other  fishes.  The  sexes  are  so  dif- 
ferent in  coloration  that  they  have  been  described  under  distinct  names 
by  several  of  the  older  ichthyological  writers. 

Genus  ZYQONECTES  Agassiz. 

99.  Zygonectes  notatus  (Rafinesque). 

The  Black-sided  Top  Minnow. 

The  body  is  slender ;  head  long,  low  and  flat  with  sharp  snout  and  the  jaws  nearly 
equal.  The  width  of  the  space  between  the  eyes  equals  half  the  length  of  the  head 
and  one  and  one-half  times  the  length  of  the  eye.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  less 
than  the  length  of  the  head,  which  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without  caudal. 
The  dorsal  and  anal  in  the  male  are  higher  than  in  the  female.  Teeth  villiform,  iii 
a  broad  band  with  the  outer  series  enlarged  pnd  canine-like. 

The  color  is  pale  olive,  with  scattered  specks  on  the  back  ;  a  wide,  purplisli-black 
band  extends  from  the  snout  through  the  eye  to  the  base  of  the  tail ;  its  margin  in 
the  young  somewhat  uneven.     The  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  flns  with  black  ('ots.     A 
translucent  spot  on  the  top  of  the  head  in  life.    Scales  with  strong,  concentric  strite 
D.  9  ;  A.  11 ;  scales  34-11. 

The  black-sided  top  mmnow  or  killifisli  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi valley  and  of  streams  flowing  into  the  Great  Lakes  from  the 
south.  In  the  Mississippi  valley  it  extends  south  to  Texas.  In  Penn- 
sylvania it  is  to  be  looked  for  in  tributaries  of  the  Ohio. 

This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  three  and  one-half  inches.  It  is 
very  abundant  in  still  waters  and  frequents  sloughs  and  ponds  caused 
by  the  overflow  of  streams.  In  the  rivers  it  seeks  the  shelter  of  aquatic 
plants.  It  is  a  surface  swimmer  and  this  fact  gives  rise  to  its  common 
name.  The  species  is  useful  for  bait  and  is  well  adapted  for  the  aqua- 
rium.     It  is  a  beautiful  little  fish  and  extremely  hardy. 

100.  Zygonectes  dispar  Aoassiz. 

The  Striped  Top  Minnow. 

The  head  is  short  and  ])roa(l  ;   interorbital  space  Hat,  its  wi.lili  about  twice  the 
length  of  the  eye  ;  a  very  obtuse  snout ;  fins  rather  small,  the  anal  unwh  larger  than 


88 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


89 


tho  dorsal.  The  depth  of  the  body  slightly  exceeds  the  length  of  the  head  and 
equals  two-sevenths  of  the  total  without  caudal.  The  eye  is  about  one-third  as  long 
as  the  head. 

Color  bluish-olive  ;  sides  with  about  ten  longitudinal  stripes  formed  by  brownish 
lines  following  the  edges  of  the  rows  of  scales.  The  males  have  the  stripes  inter- 
rupted and  they  are  further  distinguished  by  about  nine  dusky  bands.  In  adults 
there  is  a  dark  spot  below  the  eye. 

D.  7  ;  A.  9.     Scales  35-10. 

The  striped  top  minnow  is  found  in  lakes  and  sluggish  streams  in  the 
Ohio  valley  and  part  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  Its  known  western 
limit  is  Iowa.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  inches  and  has 
no  importance  except  as  food  for  larger  fishes.  It  frequents  large 
bodies  of  water  and  swims  at  or  near  the  sui-face  and  is  very  sluggish 
in  its  movements. 

Family  UMBRID.£  (The  Mud  Minnows). 
Genus  UMBRA  (Krameb)  Muller. 

101.  Umbra  limi  (Kirtland). 

The  Mnd  Minnow. 

The  mud-minnow  has  ji  comparatively  short  and  stout  body,  its  depth  not  equal 
to  the  length  of  the  head  and  about  one-fourth  of  total  without  caudal.  The  length 
of  the  head  equals  two-sevenths  of  the  total.  The  head  is  flattened  above  and 
rather  large. 

D.  14  ;  A.  9 ;  ventral  6.    Scales  in  lateral  lino  35 ;  in  transverse  series  16. 

The  color  is  dark  olive  or  greenish  and  the  sides  have  irregular,  narrow  pale  bars, 
which  are  sometimes  obscure  or  absent     A  black  bar  at  the  base  of  the  tail. 

The  mud-minnow,  mud-dace  or  dog-fish  is  found  in  the  Great  Lake 
region  from  Lake  Champlain  to  Minnesota,  being  most  abundant  in 
Wisconsin.  It  is  occasionally  taken  in  the  Ohio  valley.  It  grows  to  a 
length  of  four  inches  and  has  no  value  whatever  except  as  food  for  other 
species.  Like  the  related  mud-minnow  next  mentioned  it  is  hardy  and 
interesting  in  the  aquarium.  The  name  mud-minnow  relates  to  a  singu- 
lar habit  of  the  fish  of  burrowing  into  the  mud  when  the  water  evapo- 
rates out  of  a  pond.  It  has  been  stated  that  this  fish  has  been  plowed 
up  in  ponds  and  swamps  which  have  become  dried  out.  Professor 
Baird  has  recorded  the  following  fact  about  this  species:  "A  locality 
which  with  the  water  perfectly  clear  will  appear  destitute  of  fish  will  per- 
haps yield  a  number  of  mud-fish  on  stirring  up  the  mud  on  the  bottom 
and  drawing  a  seine  through  it.  Ditches  on  the  plains  of  Wisconsin,  or 
mere  bog -holes  afl'ordiug  lodgement  to  nothing  beyond  tadpoles  may 
thus  be  found  full  of  melanuras." 

102.  Umbra  pygmeea.  (DeKay). 

The  Striped  Mud  Minnow. 

The  body  of  this  mud-minnow  is  oblong,  robust;  its  greatest  depth  is  contained 
slightly  more  than  four  times  in  the  total  length  without  the  caudal  and  is  not  equal 
to  length  of  head.  The  snout  is  short ;  eye  moderate,  about  equal  to  snovit,  fourand 
one-half  in  head.     Cardiform  teeth   on  premaxillaries,  lower  jaw,  vomer  and  pal- 


f 


I 


atine  bones.  The  gill-openings  are  very  wide,  the  rakers  short  and  rather  n  umerous. 
Jaws  short,  gape  of  mouth  rather  wide.  The  body  is  covered  with  rather  large 
cycloid  scales  and  the  head  is  almost  entirely  scaled. 

D.  14  ;  A.  8.     Scales  8  or  9  in  a  traverse  series  ;  .%  from  head  to  tail. 

Color  dark  green,  more  or  less  mottled  (in  spirits  brownish);  sides  with  a  dozen 
pale,  longitudinal  streaks,  regularly  arranged ;  a  darker  stripe  through  eye.  A 
black  bar  at  base  of  tail,  which  is  present  in  very  young  examples  as  well  as  in  the 
adult. 

The  eastern  mud-minnow  is  found  from  New  York  to  South  Carolina 
in  Atlantic  streams.  According  to  Professor  Cope,  it  is  very  common 
near  Philadelphia.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  about  five  inches  and  is  well 
adapted  for  aquarium  life,  but  has  no  other  value  except  as  food  for 
larger  fishes.     Its  habits  are  similar  to  those  of  the  species  last  described. 

The  body  is  stouter  than  in  Umbra  Hmi ;  the  head  is  broader,  less 
flattened  on  top,  with  a  larger  eye,  shorter  snout  and  the  profile  more 
convex. 

Family  ESOCIDiE  (The  Pikes). 

Genus  EISOX  (Artedi)  Linn^os. 

Subgenus  PIOORBLLUS. 

The  genus  Esox  is  readily  sub-divided  into  three  groups  distinguished 
by  their  size,  scaling  and  coloration.  In  the  first  group  are  three  spe- 
cies of  true  pickerels,  in  which  the  cheeks  and  opercles  are  entirely 
scaly,  the  color  gi-eenish,  usually  with  dark  reticulations  and  the 
largest  species  reaches  a  length  of  about  two  feet.  To  this  group  the 
subgeneric  name  Picorellus  was  formerly  applied ;  it  includes  the  banded 
pickerel,  the  little  pickerel  and  the  chain  pickerel,  all  of  which  occur  in 
Pennsylvania. 

103.  Esox  americanus  Gmelin. 

The  Bande<l  Pickerel.     {FufureoS.) 

The  banded  pickerel  has  an  elongate  body ;  its  depth  containeil  about  five  times 
in  the  total  length  without  caudal ;  tho  length  of  the  head  three  and  one-fourth  times 
in  the  standard  length.  The  snout  is  contained  two  and  two-thirds  times  in  the 
length  of  the  head  and  the  eye  five  and  one-half  times  in  the  same  length.  The 
maxillary  extends  to  vertical  through  middle  of  eye  ;  the  lower  Jaw  projects  consid- 
erably beyond  the  upper.  Teeth  in  the  jaws  strong,  directed  backward.  The  ven- 
tral is  placed  in  middle  of  body,  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  far  back,  opposite  each 
other ;  their  longest  rays  of  about  the  same  length,  much  longer  than  the  bases  of 
the  fins.     Caudal  deeply  emarginate. 

B.  11-13;  D.  11-14;  .\.  11-lU;  scales  in  lateral  line  105.  The  body  is  usually  dark 
green,  sometimes  brownish  black,  above;  the  sides  greenish  yellow  with  about 
twenty  dark  curved  bars,  which  arc  generally  very  distinct.  Dorsal  and  caudal  fins 
dark  brown  :  the  other  fins  lighter,  sometimes  reddish.  A  dark  bar  from  the  eye  to 
angle  of  jaw  ;  another  from  the  snout  through  the  eye  to  the  upper  »'dge  of  opercle. 

The  banded  pickerel  is  probably  identical  with  the  "  mackerel  pike " 
of  Mitchill.  It  is  a  small  fish,  seldom  exceeding  twelve  inches  in  length 
and  will  not  average  more  than  one-half  jjound  in  weight.     It  occum 


90 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


only  east  of  the  Alleghenies  from  Massachusetts  to  Florida  in  coastwise 
streams.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to  watei*s  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state. 

This  pickerel  is  too  small  to  have  much  importance  as  a  food  fish. 
It  resembles  in  general  appearance  and  habits  tlie  little  pickerel  of  the 
West.  It  frequents  clear,  cold  and  rapid  brooks  and  is  said  to  associate 
with  the  brook  trout  without  injury  to  the  latter. 

104.  Esox  vermiculatus  Le  Sueur. 

The  liittle  Pickerel.     {Figure  54.) 

The  little  pickerel  has  a  short,  stout  body  and  a  long  head.  The  greatest  depth  is 
nearly  one-fifth  of  the  length  without  caudal  and  two-thirds  length  of  head.  Length 
of  liead  two-sevenths  of  total  without  caudal.  Eye  two-fifths  length  of  snout,  one- 
sixth  length  of  head.  The  maxilla  reaches  to  below  middle  of  eye.  Cheeks  and 
opercles  fully  scaled.  Dorsal  origin  twice  as  far  from  eye  as  from  end  of  scales  ;  its 
base  two-fifths  head  ;  its  longest  ray  nearly  one-half  head.  Anal  under  dorsal  and 
with  slightly  longer  rays.  Ventral  nearly  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  end  of 
scales ;  its  length  ecjual  to  snout  and  to  pectoral.  B.  11-13  ;  D.  12  ;  A.  11  or  12 ;  scales 
in  lateral  line  105. 

Body  green  or  grayish,  usually  with  many  irregular  streaks  or  reticulations,  which 
are  sometimes  entirely  lacking.  Sides  of  the  head  generally  variegated.  A  dark 
bar  extends  downward  from  the  eye  and  another  one  forward.  Fins  plain,  but  the 
caudal  is  sometimes  mottled  at  its  base. 

This  pickerel  inhabits  the  valleys  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers 
and  streams  flowing  into  the  Great  Lakes  from  the  southward.  In  ponds 
formed  in  the  spring  by  the  overflow  of  river  banks  it  is  one  of  the  char- 
acteristic fishes  and  is  often  destroyed  in  great  numbers  by  the  drying 
up  of  such  bodies  of  water.  In  Pennsylvania  the  little  pickerel,  or  trout 
pickerel,  is  common  in  the  Ohio  and  its  tributaries.  Prof.  Cope  men- 
tions it  also  as  an  inhabitant  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  wherein  it  is 
probably  not  a  native. 

This  fish  grows  to  the  length  of  one  foot  and  is,  therefore,  too  small 
to  have  mucli  importance  for  food. 

105.  Esox  reticulatus  Le  Sueur. 
The  Chain  Pickerel.     {Fiffure  55.) 

The  chain  pickerel  has  a  long  and  slender  body,  its  depth  near  the  middle  equal- 
ing al>out  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  head  and  contained  five  to  six  times  in  the 
total  without  caudal.  Thecaudal  peduncle  is  slender,  its  depth  little  more  than  one- 
third  greatest  depth  of  bmly.  The  snout  is  long  and  pointed,  as  long  as  the  post- 
orbital  part  of  the  head  and  about  three  times  the  length  of  the  eye,  which  is  one- 
seventh  to  one-eighth  length  of  head.  The  dorsal  base  equals  two-fiftlis  length  of 
head  ;  its  longest  ray  equal  to  snout.  The  anal  begins  under  the  third  or  fourth  ray 
of  the  dorsal ;  its  longest  ray  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  head.  Caudal  deeply 
forked.  Ventral  halfway  from  tipof  snout  to  end  of  scales;  its  length  equal  to  snout 
and  slightly  greater  than  length  of  pectoral.  B.  15 ;  D.  15 ;  A.  14 ;  scabs  in  the  lateral 
lino  about  125.    The  cheeks  and  opercles  are  completely  scaled. 

The  color  is  usually  gricnish  sometimes  brown  or  almost  black.  On  the  sides  are 
many  narrow  dark  lines  connected  by  cross  streaks  forming  a  network  which  nn^. 
gested  the  name  »v<tVM/a?M«.  Occasionally  the  body  is  uniform  greenish  as  in  a  speci- 
men taken  in  the  Potomac  river  a  few  years  ago.  In  the  young  the  reticulations  are 
very  obscure  and  a  pale  stripe  is  found  along  the  middle  line  on  the  second  half 


' 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


91 


of  the  body.     In  adults  the  sides  are  often  golden  or  olive  yellow  and  have  dark 
reticulations.     A  distinct  dark  band  under  the  eye, 

The  chain  pickerel  is  known  under  other  names;  it  is  the  jack  of  the 
South,  the  federation  pike  of  Oneida  Lake,  New  York,  the  green  pike  of 
the  Great  Lakes  and  the  eastern  pickerel  of  many  writers.  It  does  not 
occur  west  of  the  Alleghenies,  but  is  found  from  Maine  to  Florida  and 
Alabama  east  of  this  range  of  mountains.  It  lives  in  ponds,  lakes  and 
streams. 

This  pickerel  is  the  largest  of  its  group,  reaching  a  length  of  two  feet 
and  a  weight,  occasionally,  of  eight  pounds,  although  this  is  much  above 
the  average. 

Like  the  pike,  this  is  one  of  the  tyrants  among  fishes,  a  fierce  and 
hungry  marauder,  and  yet  it  has  been  introduced  b  'ishermen  into  many 
waters  in  which  it  is  not  native  and  has  greatly  multiplied.  In  the 
Potomac,  the  Connecticut,  the  Delaware  and  other  large  rivers  the  pick- 
erel abounds;  it  is  to  be  found  in  large  numbers  lying  in  wait  among 
the  river  grasses  or  in  ponds  under  the  shelter  of  leafy  water  plants  for 
the  minnows  which  it  consumes  in  enormous  numbers,  or  some  unlucky 
insect,  frog  or  snake  which  attracts  its  voracious  appetite. 

Spawning  takes  place  in  winter  and  early  in  the  spring  and  the  young 
soon  become  solitary  and  wolfish  like  their  elders. 

As  a  food  fish  not  much  can  be  said  in  praise  of  the  chain  pickerel 
although  it  is  eaten  and  doubtless  liked  by  a  good  many  people.  The 
flesh  is  often  coarse  and  watery  and  is  always  full  of  small  bones.  This 
fish,  however,  furnishes  considerable  sport  to  the  angler  since  it  is  a 
very  free  biter  and  fights  with  great  boldness  and  stubbornness  when 
hooked.  It  is  caught  by  trolling  with  the  spoon  or  still-fishing  with 
live  shiners,  pickerels,  frogs  and  many  other  baits.  A  minnow  gang  is 
often  very  effective  in  pickerel  fishing.  The  hooks  must  be  tied  on 
gimp  as  a  protection  for  the  line  from  tlie  sharp  teeth  of  the  fish. 

SiHoKXi's  ESOX. 

The  longest  known  and  most  widely  distributed  species  of  Esox  is  the 
common  pike— the  typical  species  of  the  genus.  In  the  sub-division 
into  groups  this  would  be  the  sole  representative  of  the  Esox  group, 
which  has  the  cheeks  fully  scaled  and  the  lower  half  of  opercles  naked! 

The  sides  are  pale  spotted,  on  a  darker  ground  and  the  size  is  very 
much  larger  than  in  the  pickerels.  Fossil  remains  of  the  juke  liave 
been  found  in  quaternary  deposits  in  Europe. 

106.  Esox  lucius  Linn.eu8. 

The  PI ke.  (  Figure  50. ) 
The  pike  has  a  stout,  elongate  body  and  a  long  head,  with  l)road  uml  produced 
snout.  The  greatest  depth  is  about  one-fifth  of  the  length  without  caudal.  The  cau- 
dal  peduncle  is  nearly  equal  to  one-half  depth  of  body.  The  eve  is  nearly  median 
and  about  one-sixth  length  of  head,  which  is  three-elevenths  of  total  without  caudal 
The  n.outh  is  very  large  and  strongly  toothed.  The  tongue,  roof  of  mouth! 
pharynx  and  gill  arches  bristle  with  teeth  in  card-like  bands,  giving  the  fish  extra- 


92 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ordinary  power  in  seizing  and  holding  its  prey.  Ttie  dorsal  and  anal  fins  arc  near 
the  caudal.  The  dorsal  base  is  a  little  longer  than  its  longest  ray  and  equals  depth 
of  body  at  its  origin.  Ventral  tin  midway  between  tip  of  snout  and  end  of  tail  fin. 
B.  14  to  16  ;  D.  17  to  20  ;  A.  16  or  17  ;  scales  in  lateral  line  120  to  126. 

The  ground  color  of  the  body  is  grayish,  varying  to  bluish  or  greenish  gray.  The 
sides  are  thickly  covered  with  pale  blotches,  none  of  them  as  large  as  the  eye,  ar- 
ranged nearly  in  rows.  The  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  fins  have  many  rounded,  dark 
spots.  Adults  without  dark  bar  below  eye.  Naked  part  of  opercle  bounded  by  a 
whitish  streak.  In  the  young  tho  sides  are  covered  with  oblique  yellowish  bars, 
which  afterward  break  up  into  the  pale  spots  of  the  adult. 

Names. — Pike  is  the  best  known  name  for  this  species,  although  the 
misnomer  "  pickerel "  is  rather  extensively  used.  The  origin  of  pike  is 
involved  in  uncertainty ;  some  trace  it  to  the  resemblance  in  shape  of 
the  snout  to  the  pike  or  spear,  while  others  believe  it  to  refer  to  the 
the  darting-  motion  of  the  fish  when  speeding  through  the  water.  The 
name  pickerel  is  used  in  Vermont  and  around  Lake  George,  New  York. 
"Frank  Forrester"  (Herbert)  styles  it  the  great  northern  pickerel.  The 
name  jack  is  applied  in  Great  Britain  to  the  young  pike.  Brochet  is  the 
French  name,  hecht  the  German  and  luccio  the  Italian  designation  of  the 
species.  In  Prof.  Cope's  paper  in  earlier  reports  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Fish  Commission  the  names  lake  pike  and  grass  pike  are  used  for  the 
fish. 

Distribution. — In  the  North  Temperate  and  Arctic  regions  of  North 
America,  Europe  and  Asia  the  pike  is  equally  common.  In  North 
America  it  extends  from  Pennsylvania  to  high  northern  latitudes.  In 
Alaska  Townsend  and  others  found  it  above  the  Arctic  Circle,  and  Dall 
and  Nelson  took  it  in  abundance  in  the  Yukon.  From  Greenland  and 
the  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean  the  pike  appears  to  be  absent.  The 
identity  of  our  American  pike  with  the  common  one  of  Europe  was 
recognized  by  Cuvier  and  Richardson  more  than  half  a  century  ago;  the 
former  compared  specimens  from  Lake  Huron  with  European  examples 
and  Richardson  with  the  English  pike  and  both  were  unable  to  find 
specific  differences  between  the  two. 

Size. — On  the  continent  of  Europe  the  largest  recorded  specimen  was 
taken  at  Bregenty  in  1862 ;  this  was  said  to  weigh  one  hundred  and  forty- 
five  pounds.  In  Scotland  a  pike  measuring  over  seven  feet  and  weigh- 
ing seventy-two  pounds  has  been  reported.  We  do  not  find  monsters 
like  these  in  America.  "Frank  Forrester"  mentions  individuals  of  six- 
teen to  seventeen  pounds.  Lake  George,  New  York,  is  famous  for  its 
large  pike.  Dr.  Frank  Presbrey,  of  Washington,  D.  C,  caugiit  one  there 
in  1889  weighing  a  little  more  than  sixteen  pounds  and  over  thirty  ex- 
amples, averaging  above  ten  pounds  each,  were  taken  that  season  by 
another  Washington  party  in  the  same  watei-s;  some  of  the  largest  pike 
were  upward  of  four  feet  long.  The  average  length  of  adults  is  about 
two  feet. 

Season. — The  fishing  season  generally  begins  June  1  and  ends  Decem- 
ber ] ;  but  many  of  the  states  have  no  close  season.  In  Pennsylvania  the 
close  time  lasts  from  December  1  to  June  1. 


'- 


" 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


93 


Ilahits. — The  pike  is  a  voracious  fish  and  destroys  everything  within 
its  reach  in  the  form  of  animal  life—other  fish,  water  birds  and  mammals 
are  consumed  in  enormous  numbers.  From  its  concealment,  like  a  beast 
of  prey,  it  darts  out  suddenly  upon  its  victims  and  seldom  misses  its 
mark.  The  pike  is  even  more  destructive  than  the  pickerel  and  two  of 
the  latter,  measuring  five  inches  in  length,  have  been  reported  to  eat 
more  than  one  hundred  minnows  in  a  day.  Spawning  takes  place  in 
winter  and  early  spring  on  shallows  and  frequently  upon  overflowed 
meadows.  The  eggs  are  about  one-eighth  inch  in  diameter  and  a  female 
weighing  thirty-two  pounds  was  estimated  by  Buckland  to  contain 
595,000.  The  young  pike  has  a  very  large  yolk  sac.  The  period  of 
hatching  varies  with  the  temperature  of  the  water,  from  fourteen  to 
thirty  days.  The  female  is  said  to  be  larger  than  the  male;  the  fisli 
breeds  at  the  age  of  three  years.  At  the  age  of  one  year  the  fish  may 
reach  a  length  of  twelve  inches  and.  if  well  supplied  with  food,  it  will 
increase  in  weight  from  two  to  three  pounds  yearly. 

Uses  ami  Capture.— The  pike  is  a  fairly  good  food  fish  and  forms  an 
important  element  of  the  Lake  Erie  fisheries.  As  a  game  fish  the  spe- 
cies is  widely  known.  It  can  be  readily  caught  by  trolling  or  spinning 
or  on  lines  set  under  the  ice.  Live  minnows  and  frogs  are  favorite  baits 
and  Dr.  Henshall  says  it  will  rise  to  a  large  gaudy  fly.  In  Lake  George 
the  whit«  chub  is  one  of  the  best  known  baits. 

Si'BOK.Ni  s  MASOAIiONQUS. 

The  largest  member  of  the  piko  family  is  the  single  representative  of  the  section 
Maacalongus,  in  which  the  lower  half  of  the  cheeks,  as  well  as  of  the  opercles,  is  scale- 
less.  The  scales  are  smaller  than  in  the  other  groups.  Tho  sides  and  vertical  fins 
are  profusely  covered  with  roundisli  black  spots  on  a  pale  ground.  The  branchios- 
tegals  number  17  to  19.  A  color  variety  is  occasionally  met  with  having  the  bodv 
uniformly  dark  gray,  unspotted. 

107.  Esox  nobilior  Thompsox. 

The  MafH^aioiiKe.     (  Fignre  57. ) 

Tho  mascalonge  has  a  stout  and  moderately  elongate  l»odv,  its  greatest  tlepth  mi.l- 
way  between  the  pectoral  and  ventral  fins,  one-fifth  to  one-sixth  of  the  loUd  lencth 
to  the  end  of  the  scales.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  slender,  its  deptli  one- 
third  ot  greatest  depth.  Tho  length  of  the  head  is  two-sevenths  of  the  total  without 
the  caudal,  and  the  small  eye  e(|uals  less  than  one-lourth  length  of  snout  The  eve 
is  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the  head.  The  mouth  is  verv  larire-  the 
inaxiUa  extends  to  below  the  hind  n.argin  of  the  eye  ;  the  teetli  are  as  in  the  pike 
but  even  more  formidal)le;  tlorsal  and  anal  far  J.ack,  the  origin  of  the  former  -i  little 
m  advance  of  the  anal  origin;  the  length  of  dorsal  base  about  two-fifths  head-  lonirest 
dorsal  ray  one-third  head;  caudal  deeply  forked;  ventral  niidwav  between  end  of 
head  and  end  of  anal,  its  length  equal  to  one-half  depth  of  bodv;  pectoral  nearlv 
equals  post  orbital  part  of  head.  IJ.  17  to  19:  D.  17;  A.  1.!;  V.  ij  ;  sc-ales  i„  lateral 
lino,  150. 

Tho  color  is  usually  dark  gray,  sometimeH  immaculat*-  as  in  tj.e  color  varietv  im- 
v,„c„lai„,,,  but  generally  with  numerous  distinct,  n.undish.  black  spots  about  as 
large  as  buckshot.     The  <lark  spots  are  present  only  on  the  basal  parts  of  the  d-.r^al 
anal  and  caudal  fins.     The  lower  parts  are  pale,  the  belly  white. 


94- 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Names. — The  name  of  this  g^iant  pike  is  apparently  derived  from  the 
Ojibwa  or  the  Cree  Indians ,  it  is  variously  spelled  and  its  meaning^  is 
uncertain,  although  the  roots,  according  to  Mr.  H.  W.  Henshaw,  are 
probably  mask  (ug-ly)  and  kinongc  (fish).  In  the  books  it  appears  as 
muscalonge,  muskellunge,  muskallunge,  mascalonge  and  maskinonge — 
all  variations  of  the  same  term.  Some  writers  style  it  the  great  pike, 
and  by  others  it  is  confused  with  the  common  pike  {E.  lucius).  Pro- 
fessor Cope  mentions  also  the  name  blue  pike. 

Distribution. — The  mascalonge  is  recorded  by  Professor  Cope  from 
Conneaut  Lake,  Crawford  count\,  Pa.,  the  specimen  measuring  sev- 
enteen inches  in  circumference  behind  the  eyes.  It  is  found  occasion- 
ally in  the  Ohio  Valley.  The  species,  however,  is  most  abundant  in  the 
Great  Lake  region.  In  Lake  Erie  favorite  localities  are  Dunkirk  and 
Barcelona,  N.  Y.,  Erie,  Pa.,  and  Mills  Grove,  Ohio.  The  northern  limit 
of  the  fish  is  not  definitely  fixed. 

Size. — It  is  recorded  that  in  1865  Mr.  Schultz  caught  a  mascalonge 
at  Milwaukee  weighing  one  himdred  pounds.  In  1864  Mr.  Fred  Alvord 
claimed  to  have  taken  an  eighty-five-pound  specimen  in  Maumee  Bay. 
The  average  length  of  the  species  is  about  three  feet,  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe  that  a  length  of  eight  feet  is  sometimes  reached.  In- 
dividuals weighing  fifty  pounds  are  moderately  common.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  the  lake  trout  and  some  of  the  salmon  this  is  undoubtedly 
the  largest  game  fish  in  the  United  States. 

Hahifs. — The  fish  seem  not  to  be  gregarious,  but  occur  usually  in 
pairs.  Their  food  consists  mainly  of  smaller  fishes  and  their  voracity  is 
notorious.  In  the  spawning  season  in  small  rivers  falling  into  Lake 
Simcoe,  Richai'dson  states  that  they  feed  upon  small  fishes  and  upon 
gelatinous  green  balls  which  grow  on  the  sides  of  l^anks  under  the 
water. 

Spawning  takes  place  in  the  spring.  In  Chautauqua  Lake,  New 
York,  Mr.  Monroe  Green  and  Mr.  Jonathan  Mason  obtained  the  eggs  in 
April  and  May,  1890,  and  these  were  artificially  hatched.  A  large  fe- 
male yielded  sixty  thousand  eggs.  With  the  water  at  the  temperature 
of  40°  to  46°  very  few  of  the  eggs  were  developed,  but  when  it  neared 
60°  in  May  better  results  were  secured.  On  May  27  seventy-five  thou- 
sand young  fish  were  planted  in  the  lake.  The  eggs  were  hatched  in  a 
box  suspended  about  four  feet  from  the  bottom  in  eighteen  feet  t)f 
water. 

Uses  and  Capture. — This  is  an  excellent  food  fish,  but  not  common 
enough  to  have  much  commercial  importance.  As  a  game  fish  it  has 
few  superiors.  The  spoon  bait  is  very  effective  in  the  capture  of  mas- 
calonge, and  live  fishes  are  extensively  used.  A  correspondent  of  Land 
and  Water  describes  a  singular  and  successful  lure  made  from  a  young 
brown  calf's  tail,  through  the  center  of  which  the  shank  of  the  liook  was 
passed  and  fastened  to  a  swiveL 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


95 


Order  APODES    (The  Eels.) 

Family  ANGUILLIDjE. 
Genus  ANQUILLA  Thunberq. 
108.  Angruilla  rostrata  Le  Sueur. 

The  Eel.     (  Figure  58. ) 

In  the  eel  the  body  is  elongate,  roundish  throughout  most  of  its  extent,  com- 
pressed behind.  The  scales  are  deeply  imbedded  and  very  irregularly  placed,  some 
of  them  at  right  angles  to  others.  The  head  is  conical,  elongate,  with  pointed  snout 
and  small  eye,  except  in  the  male.  The  lower  jaw  is  longer  than  the  upper;  the 
Jaws  with  small  teeth  in  bands  ;  a  long  patch  of  teeth  on  the  vomer.  The  gill  open- 
mgs  are  partly  below  the  pectoral  fins,  small  and  slit-like.  The  beginning  of  the 
dorsal  is  at  a  distance  of  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  head  behind  the  gill  opening. 
The  anal  begins  still  farther  back  and  tlie  vent  is  close  to  its  origin.  The  dorsal  and 
anal  fins  are  continuous  around  the  tail;  height  of  body  nearly  two-thirds  length  of 
head,  which  is  contained  about  eight  and  one-fourth  times  in  the  total.  The  distance 
from  the  gill  openmg  to  the  vent  equals  two  and  one-half  times  the  length  of  the 
head;  the  color  varies  greatly,  but  is  usually  dark  brown,  more  or  less  tinged  with 
yellow,  lower  parts  paler.  In  the  male  referred  to  the  upper  parts  were  silvery 
gray,  sharply  separated  from  the  satiny  white  of  the  abdomen.  In  the  eel  the  lat- 
eral line  is  very  distinct 

The  eel  appears  to  have  only  one  common  name.  It  is  one  of  the 
best  known  and  most  singular  of  our  fishes,  yet  its  breeding  habits  are 
even  now  enveloped  in  doubt.  The  species  ascends  the  rivers  of  east- 
ern North  America  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  Mexico,  the  former 
being  the  northern  limit  of  the  species  on  our  coast.  In  the  Ohio  and 
Mississippi  Valleys  it  is  extremely  common,  and  its  range  has  been  much 
extended  by  the  opening  of  canals  and  by  artificial  introduction.  It  has 
been  transferred  to  the  Pacific  coast.  A  similar  and  perhaps  identical 
species  is  found  in  northern  Europe  and  Asia. 

The  eel  has  been  known  to  exceed  a  length  of  four  feet.  Dr.  Mitchill 
records  a  Long  Island  specimen  which  weighed  sixteen  and  one-half 
pounds.  The  average  length  of  individuals,  however,  is  about  two  feet. 
The  female  is  larger  than  the  male,  paler  in  color,  and  is  different  in 
certain  other  particulars,  which  will  be  mentioned  in  the  description  of 
the  specimens  refeiTed  to  below. 

In  Pennsylvania  the  eel  is  a  very  important  food  fish.  It  is  caught 
chiefly  when  descending  the  rivers  in  the  fall.  In  1869  about  a  ton  of 
eels  were  caught  in  a  single  fish  basket  above  Harrisburg.  At  the 
present  time  this  method  of  capture  is  illegal.  Both  adults  and  young 
eels  ascend  the  streams  in  spring,  the  young  coming  in  millions,  but  in 
the  fall  run  small  eels  are  seldom  seen.  I'ntil  a  comparatively  recent 
date  it  was  not  certainly  known  that  the  eels  have  eggs  wliich  are  de- 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


96 

be  seen  by  the  B^ed  «ye     Th«„°J^^y^^^,„„t„„e.half  an  inch  in  greatest 
diameter.    When  tf  ''els  me  ^^^^^^     ^j^^^  ^^^^ 

the  water  and  travel  «''-°7fJ;  ™^*  f'^,  ^Taeara     At  the  foot  of  this  bar- 
not  been  able  to  surmount  the  Wis  of  Nia^ra^  A  ^„<,„^ung 

rier  hundreds  of  wagon  loads  of  young  "«  «  ^^™  j,     t^e  sake 

orous  fishes.    They  eat  most  f^'^'^.^^'^^^^^^^^^l  Lw  the  deli- 
.    .    *    Theyareparticularly  ondo^amefid^e^^d.^^^^^^^^ 

Cldltlutones  alike,  working  for  l^^  J  --^V^^t 
J  H  they  find  species  of  ^-Pjl-^rmlttfeH^fd  rapid 

S':'  -^«^eTn\rtri;rSSi  ^Uelr  de^t- at 

"tt' di.e.nce  of  ^^l"  ;Sir; tucttlurthTX'  l:mat: 
cordingtoonewnter  the  maes  a^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^y„„ 

T  f  ''X  ^fl  Sin  fresh  water  has  an  important  bearing  upon 
whether  eels  will  Ineea  in  ire»u  cannot  reach  the  sea. 

their  introduction  into  pl^es  .from  w    di  they janno  ^^^ 

fortune  to  collect  five  examples  on  ^"|^r^  ^  q        j  ^liese 

i„g  the  sex  of  the  individuals.     These  eels^^  i  ^^^  ^^^^^^ 

ermen  as  silver  eels,  have  remarkably  laiffe  eyes,  snu 
pectoral  fins  when  compared  with  the  common  form. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


97 


I 


ORDER  SYNENTOGNATHI. 

Family  BELONID./B  (The  Silver  Gars). 
Genus  TYLOSURUS  Cocco. 
109.  Tylosurus  marinus  (Block  and  Schneider). 

The  Hilver  Gar. 

Body  long,  slender  and  somewhat  compressed.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  less  than 
one- fifth  length  of  head  ;  the  eye  is  rather  large,  two-fifths  of  the  length  of  the  post- 
orbital  part  of  the  head.  The  pectoral  is  an  long  as  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head 
and  twice  as  long  as  the  ventral.  The  distance  of  the  dorsal  from  the  root  of  the 
caudal  is  one-fourth  its  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  lower  jsiw.  The  anal  ends  under 
the  end  of  the  dorsal  and  begins  in  advance  of  the  dorsal  origin.  The  ventral  is 
almost  equi-<listant  from  the  root  of  the  caudal  and  the  hind  margin  of  the  eye. 

D.  15  to  16 ;  A.  15  to  17  ;  V.  6. 

The  body  is  green  with  a  broad  silvery  band  along  the  sides  and  a  dark  bar  on  the 
operculum.     The  scales  and  Imnes  are  green. 

The  silver  g-ar,  soft  grar,  bill  fish  or  needle  fish  is  found  alon»-  our 
coast  from  Maine  to  Texas,  and  although  a  marine  species  it  ascends 
rivers  far  above  the  limits  of  tide.  It  has  been  found  in  the  Susque- 
hanna at  Bainbridge,  Pa.,  and  it  also  runs  up  the  Delaware.  This  species 
reaches  a  length  of  four  feet.  It  is  very  destructive  to  small  fishes, 
which  are  readily  seized  in  its  long  and  strongly-toothed  jaws.  The 
species  has  no  value  as  a  food  fish.  In  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  the  habits 
of  the  silver  gar  have  been  observed  by  Mr.  Silas  Stearns,  whose  notes 
are  to  be  found  in  the  Fishery  Industries  of  the  United  States.  It  is 
found  at  Pensacola,  Florida,  in  the  summer,  but  retreats  farther  south  in 
the  winter. 

The  silver  gar  swims  at  the  surface  and  feeds  upon  schools  of  small 
fish.  Its  movements  are  swift  and  its  aim  certain.  It  has  been  known 
to  seize  mullets  and  other  fish  one- third  as  large  as  itself  and  is  some- 
times killed  by  attempting  to  swallow  spiny  fish  too  large  to  pass  through 
its  throat.  It  spawns  in  the  bays  in  May  and  June.  Mr.  Steams  found 
it  to  l>e  an  excellent  footl  fish  although  it  is  seldom  eaten  on  the  Florida 
coast. 


7  Fish. 


I 


98 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ORDER  HEMIBRANCHII  (THE  HALF-tilLLED  FISHES). 

Family  GASTEROSTEID^  (The  Sticklkbacks.  ) 
Genus  EUCALIA  Jordan. 
110.  Eucalia  inconstans  (Kirtland). 

The  Brook  Stickleback. 

The  body  is  more  elongate  than  in  the  other  sticklebacks  described,  and  stouter; 
the  caudal  peduncle  has  no  keel  and  the  skin  is  entirely  smooth.  The  ventral 
spines  and  pubic  bones  are  very  small,  the  latter  concealed  under  the  skin.  The 
thoracic  processes  are  covered  by  the  skin,  slender  and  widely  separated.  The  dor- 
sal spines  are  short,  nearly  equal  in  length,  placed  in  a  straight  line;  the  anterior 
spines  shortest.  The  ventral  spines  are  small  and  serrated.  The  depth  equals  one- 
fourth  and  the  depth  two-sevenths  of  the  total  length  without  caudal. 

D.  III-IV,  I,  10;  A.  I,  10. 

Males  in  the  breeding  season  are  jet  black,  tinged  entirely  with  coppery  red.  The 
females  and  young  are  greenish,  variegated  with  darker. 

The  brook  stickleback  occurs  in  the  fresh  waters  from  New  York  west- 
ward to  Dakota  and  is  said  to  extend  north  to  Greenland.  A  variety 
from  Cayuga  Lake  has  been  described  by  Dr.  Jordan.  It  has  the  ven- 
tral spines  long-er  than  the  pubic  bones. 

In  Pennsylvania  the  brook  stickleback  inhabits  the  Ohio  valley.  It 
^ows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  inches  and  has  no  value  as  food, 
but  is  an  interesting  aquarium  fish.  It  is,  however,  extremely  pugna- 
cious and  when  kept  in  confinement  great  mortality  is  caused  by  its 
quarrels.  The  species  is  abundant  in  small  streams,  where  it  secretes 
itself  among  aquatic  plants  and  is  always  on  the  alert  for  an  attack  upon 
small  fishes  and  insects.  Specimens  have  recently  been  obtained  from  an 
artesian  well  in  South  Dakota,  the  well  having  a  depth  of  seven  hundred 
feet.  From  thisgreat  depth  the  fish  were  brought  up  in  full  strength  and 
vigor  and  were  kept  in  an  a(iuarium  several  months  afterwards.  A  similar 
occurrence  has  been  recorded  by  Mrs.  Eigenmann  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  National  Museum  for  1883,  p.  217,  of  Williamson'  stickleback  at  San 
Bemardina,  Cal.  The  well  in  this  case  was  only  one  hundred  and  ninety- 
one  feet  deep.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the  fish  reach  the  wells  through 
streams  which  become  subterranean  in  a  certain  part  of  their  course. 

This  species  is  a  nest  builder  and  is  vigorous  in  the  defense  of  its 
eggs  and  young. 

GENU8  GA8TER0STEUS  (Artedi)  Linnaeus. 
HI.  Gasterosteus  aculeatus  Linnsus. 

The  Two-Npiiied  Stickleback. 

The  body  is  fusiform,  moderately  elongate  and  compressed  ;  the  caudal  peduncle 
IS  short  and  slender  and  distinctly  keeled.    The  licight  of  the  body  is  less  than 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


99 


the  length  of  the  head  and  about  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal.  The  eye  is 
one-fourth  as  long  as  the  head.  The  sides  are  covered  by  about  thirty-three  bony 
plates.  The  processes  from  the  shoulder  girdle  cover  the  breast  except  a  small  naked 
area  between  them.  At  the  base  of  each  dorsal  spine  is  a  large  rough  bony  plate  to 
which  the  spine  is  hinged  in  such  a  way  that  it  may  be  fixed  and  Immovable  at  the 
will  of  the  fish.  The  pelvic  bone  is  lanceolate.  A  cusp  at  the  ])ase  of  the  venti-al 
spine.  The  spines  are  all  closely  serrated  ;  those  in  front  of  the  anal  and  soft  dorsal 
smallest. 

D.  II,  I,  11-13 ;  A.  I,  9. 

The  living  fish  is  greenish  olive,  lighter  on  the  sides,  the  lower  parts  silvery.  The 
gill  covers  are  silvery  with  dusky  spots ;  the  iris  silvery ;  pupil  black  ;  fins  pale  ;  the 
ventral  membrane  sometimes  red. 

The  two-spined  stickleback  or  burn  stickle  is  found  on  both  sides  of 
the  Atlantic,  its  range  on  our  coast  extending  southward  at  least  to  New 
Jersey  and  northward  to  Greenland.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  stickle- 
backs and  is  said  to  grow  to  a  length  of  four  inches.  In  the  North 
Pacific  and  Bering  Sea  there  is  a  related  species,  G.  cataphractus  Pallas, 
which  has  been  styled  the  salmon  killer.  In  Pennsylvania  Mr.  Seal  has 
found  this  fish  abundant  in  pools  and  ditches  along  the  Delaware. 

Genus  APELTES  DeKay. 
112.  Apeltes  quadracus  (Mitchill). 

The  Four-spined  Stickleback. 

The  body  is  fusiform  in  shape,  the  snout  pointed  and  the  caudal  peduncle  slender. 
The  sides  are  somewhat  compressed.  The  depth  of  the  body  equals  the  length  of 
the  head  and  is  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal. 

D.  III-IV,  I,  11;  A.  I,  a 

The  skin  is  scalclesa  The  first  dorsal  spine  is  the  highest,  its  length  about  half 
that  of  head. 

The  living  fish  has  the  upper  parts  greenish  brown.  Below  the  lateral  line  the 
color  is  darker  and  is  mottled  by  the  extension  upward  of  the  white  color  of  the  abdo- 
men. Young  specimens  have  the  brown  color  aggregated  into  several  cross  bands, 
which  become  indistinct  in  the  adult.  The  ventral  membrane  is  broad,  scarlet  in 
color,  giving  rise  to  one  of  the  popular  names. 

The  four-spined  stickleback  is  known  in  Great  South  Bay  as  the 
"  thorn  back."  In  Massachusetts  it  is  sometimes  called  the  bloody  stickle- 
back. 

This  species  reaches  a  length  of  two  inches.  It  swarms  in  the  shallow 
waters,  especially  in  the  northern  portion  of  its  habitat  and  is  particu- 
larly plentiful  in  brackish  streams  where  there  are  numerous  aquatic 
plants.  In  salt  marshes  it  is  one  of  the  commonest  of  the  little  fishes 
and  it  is  not  uncommon  in  the  mouths  of  rivers.  In  Pennsylvania 
Prof.  Cope  records  it  as  abundant  in  the  tidewater  streams  and  ditches  of 
the  Delaware.  It  is  a  beautiful  fish  for  the  aquarium.  Its  spinning 
habits  have  been  described  by  Prof.  John  A.  Ryder  in  the  Bulletin  of 
the  United  States  Fish  Commission  for  1881.  As  a  nest  builder  this  is 
a  most  interesting  species. 


100 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ORDER  PERCESOCES. 

Family  ATHERINIDA   (The  Silversides). 
Genus  MENIDIA  Bonaparte. 

113.  Menidia  berylllna  Cope. 

The  River  Sllverside. 

The  .^ody  is  shorter  than  usual  among  the  silversides.  The  spinous  dorsal  is  well 
separated  from  the  soft  dorsal  and  its  posterior  margin  extends  almost  to  the  verti- 
cal from  the  first  anal  ray.  The  ventral  reaches  to  below  the  first  ray  of  the  dorsal. 
The  length  of  the  head  is  contained  four  and  one-fourth  times  in  the  total  length 
without  caudal.  The  eye  large,  orbit  one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  Mouth  small. 
The  mandible  slightly  longer  than  the  maxilla  and  slightly  curved.  Greatest  depth 
of  body  one-sixth  of  total  length  without  caudal.  Scales  in  lateral  line  thirty- 
six,  transverse  series  ten.  The  lateral  line  is  represented  by  a  pore  on  the  anterior 
part  of  the  exposed  portion  of  each  sirale,  except  on  the  caudal  peduncle  where  it 
runs  through  a  groove. 

D.  VI,  U  ;  A.  I,  18 ;  V.  I,  5  ;  P.  15. 

The  caudal  is  deeply  forked.  Pale  olivaceous  in  color  with  a  silvery  lateral  band, 
on  two  and  one-half  rows  of  scales,  with  a  lead  colored  margin.  The  anal  base  is 
lead  colored  ;  sides  of  the  head  silvery. 

This  species  corresponds  in  many  particulars  with  Menidia  peninsulce, 
of  Goode  and  Bean,  but  in  that  species  the  silvery  streak  covers  only 
one  and  one-half  rows  of  scales.  The  soft  dorsal  in  M.  peninsuhe  appears 
to  show  considerable  variation  in  the  number  of  rays. 

The  river  silverside  has  been  found  only  in  the  Potomac  river  so  far 
as  present  information  gfoes.  It  is  believed  to  occur  in  the  Susquehanna 
and  probably  will  be  found  in  that  river  It  is  distingfuished  amon^  the 
Menidias  by  its  long-  soft  dorsal  fin,  which  contains  eleven  rays  besides 
a  rudiment.  The  silvery  band  along  the  sides  also  is  very  wide,  cover- 
ing two  and  one-half  rows  of  scales.  The  species  has  no  importance 
except  as  food  for  larger  fishes. 

Genuh  LABIDESTHES  Cope. 

114.  Liabidesthes  sicculus  Cope. 

The  Brook  Silverside. 

The  botly  is  slender  and  elongate,  its  depth  one-sixth  <»r  one-seventh  of  the  total 
without  caudal.  Length  of  head  al>out  two-ninths  of  total.  Eye  two-sevenths  length 
of  head,  two-thirds  length  of  snout 

D.  IV,  I,  11 ;  A.  I,  23  ;  scales  14,  75.     Caudal  deeply  forked. 

Color  olivaceous,  the  fish  in  life  translucent  The  upi>er  parts  with  small  lilack 
dots.  The  silvery  lateral  band  edged  above  with  lead  color  and  covering  one  row 
and  two  half  rows  of  scales.     Cheeks  silvery. 

The  genus  Lahidesthen  has  a  very  oblique  mouth,  with  the  upper  jaw  flat  above 
and  concave  beneath,  the  iiitcrmaxillarics  rorming  a  roof-like  l)eak.  The  mandible 
is  convex. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


101 


The  brook  silverside  or  skip  jack  is  found  in  streams  and  ponds  in  the 
Ohio  and  Mississippi  valleys.  It  has  also  been  discovered  recently  in 
some  of  the  southern  states  from  South  Carolina  to  Florida. 

This  fish  grows  to  a  length  of  four  inches  and  is  important  only  as 
food  for  larger  species.  It  has  been  kept  in  the  aquarium  but  does  not 
endure  captivity.  The  brook  silverside  is  a  surface  swimmer,  and  the 
name  skip  jack  is  derived  from  its  habit  of  skipping  out  of  and  alon^ 
the  surface  of  the  water.  It  abounds  in  "  clear  pools  left  in  summer  by 
the  fall  of  the  waters  in  the  stream,  which  has  filled  them." 


Order  ACANTHOPTERl  (The  Spixv-finned  Fishes). 

Family  APHREDODEIlID.£   (Pirate  Perches). 

Genus  APHREDODERUS  Le  Sdecs. 
115.  Aphredoderus  sayanus  (Gilliams). 

The  Pirate  Perch. 

The  body  is  moderately  stout,  oblong,  somewhat  compressed  posteriorly.  Scales 
ctenoid.  The  dorsal  fin  is  continuous,  witli  three  or  four  spines  and  eleven  soft  rays ; 
the  anterior  spines  much  the  shortest.  The  anal  has  two  spines  and  six  rays.  The 
mouth  is  rather  large  tor  the  size  of  the  fish  ;  the  lower  jaw  somewhat  longer  than 
the  upper ;  the  maxilla  reaches  to  front  of  eye.  Jaws,  vomer  and  palatine  bones 
with  villiform  bands  of  teeth.  Lateral  line  wanting.  The  depth  of  tlie  body  is  two- 
sevenths  and  length  of  tlio  head  one-third  of  the  t<»tal  without  caudnl.  The  eye  is 
two-ninths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  origin  of  dorsal  is  much  in  advance  of  the  mid- 
dle of  the  total  length.  The  i>ectorais  do  not  reacli  as  far  Ijack  as  tlie  ventrals  ;  ven- 
trals  more  than  one-half  length  of  head.  The  long  anal  spine  tliree-sevenths  length 
of  head  ;  the  caudal  is  rounded.  Scales  in  48  to  55  series.  Tlio  color  is  variable, 
sometimes  olivaceous  atotlier  times  dark  brown  witli  numerous  dark  puuctulations; 
a  dark  bar  at  the  base  of  the  caudal  followed  by  a  light  one. 

The  pirate  perch  ranges  from  New  York  westward  to  Minnesota  and 
in  the  Mississippi  valley  it  extends  to  Louisiana.  In  Pennsylvania  the 
species  occurs  in  Lake  Erie,  probably  in  tributaries  of  the  Ohio  and  in 
the  lower  Delaware.  It  gi-ows  to  a  length  of  four  inches.  Nothing  is 
recorded  about  its  habits  except  that  it  is  very  voracious  and  feeds  at 
night.  It  is  common  in  sluggish  streams  and  ponds  in  the  shelter  ox 
aquatic  plants.  In  a  pond  near  Patchogue,  Long  Island,  we  found  the 
pirate  perch  to  be  quite  common  and  the  owners  of  the  pond  mistook 
it  for  the  young  of  German  carp  which  they  had  introduced. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  little  fishes  of  the  fresh  waters, 
particularly  because  the  position  of  the  vent  varies  with  age.  In  the 
young  it  is  behind  the  ventrals  while  in  the  adult  it  is  in  the  tiiroat. 


102 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Family  CENTRARCHID^     (The  Sun  Fishes). 
Genus  POMOXYS  Rafinesque. 
116.  Pomoxys  sparoides  La(  kpkui<:. 

The  Calico  Bass.     {Figun- 9.) 

Ill  the  genus  Pomoxys  the  body  is  deep,  compressed,  with  long  dorsal  and  anal 
flns,  having  the  soft  portion  as  long  as  or  longer  than  the  spinous  portion.  The  dor- 
sal fin  is  continuous,  its  spines  from  five  to  eight  in  number,  and  rapidly  increasing 
in  size  backward.  The  dorsal  and  anal  are  about  equal  in  length  and  with  nearly 
the  same  number  of  spines.  The  operculum  is  emarginate,  the  caudal  deeply 
notched,  and  the  gill  rakers  numerous,  long,  thread-like,  finely  toothed.  The  mouth 
is  large,  with  the  lower  jaw  strongly  projecting.  The  calico  bass  has  the  depth 
about  one-half  the  length  not  including  the  tail,  the  head  about  one-third.  The 
mouth  is  very  oblique  and  smaller  than  in  the  crappie.  The  eye  is  as  long  as  the 
snout  and  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  head.  The  maxilla  reaches  to  slightly  behmd 
the  middle  of  the  eye.  The  dorsal  and  anal  flns  are  very  high;  the  longest  rays  are 
half  as  long  as  the  head.  The  pectoral  is  as  long  as  the  ventral,  slightly  shorter 
than  the  longest  ray  of  the  dorsal.  The  ventral  reaches  to  third  anal  spine.  D.  VII, 
15;  A.  VI,  17-18.     Scales?,  42,  15. 

The  sides  are  olivaceous  with  silvery  reflections  and  mottled  with  pale  green. 
The  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  show  pale  siK)t8  surrounded  by  green  reticulations. 

The  calico  bass,  on  account  of  its  wide  distribution  and  variability, 
has  received  a  profusion  of  names.  Many  of  these  are  variations  of  the 
term  bass.  It  is  known,  for  example,  as  strawberry  bass,  grass  bass, 
lake  bass,  Lake  Erie  bass,  bank  lick  bass,  silver  bass  and  big-fin  bass. 
Other  names  for  the  species  are  strawberry  perch,  chinquapin  perch, 
goggle-eyed  perch,  silver  perch  and  sand  perch.  Still  other  names  of 
local  application  are  bai-  fish,  bitter  head,  tin  mouth,  sac-a-lait,  lamp- 
lighter, razor-back,  goggle-eye,  black  croppie  and  lake  croppie.  The 
species  is  mentioned  in  the  fish  laws  of  Pennsylvania  under  the  name  of 
Lake  Erie  bass  or  grass  bass 

The  distribution  of  the  calico  bass  is  naturally  extensive,  and  it  has 
been  still  further  increased  by  artificial  introduction.  The  fish  has  been 
carried  to  France,  and  examples  measuring  about  eight  inches  in  length 
were  recorded  there  several  years  ago.  There  is,  liowever,  some  con- 
fusion ill  that  country  between  the  calico  bass  and  the  common  sunfish, 
and  there  is  no  doubt  that  some  of  the  latter  species  have  been  intro 
duced  into  Germany  under  the  mistaken  belief  that  they  were  calico 
bass. 

This  bass  is  indigenous  east  of  the  Alleghenies  from  New  Jersey 
southward  to  Georgia.  It  abounds  in  the  Great  Lake  region,  Missis- 
sippi valley  south  to  Louisiana,  most  common  northward,  and  it  occurs 
in  the  Missouri.  In  the  Ohio  valley  it  was  rather  uncommon  until  its 
introduction  in  large  numbers.     It  was  introduced  into  the  Susquehanna 


pi 
CD 


■ 


: 


; 


CD 


D3 

o 
in 


> 

I 

td 
w 


IT) 


102 


FISHES  OF  rFXXSYLl'JXIA. 


Family  CENTRARCHIDiE      (Thk   St  n   Fishes^. 

(iENl  S    POMOXYS     HaMNKS.^I  F. 

116.  Pomoxys  sparoides  La.  i  iki.i:. 

Th»>  <'MlicM>  Bass,     i  Fu/i' !••■  :i. ) 

111  tln'^'oniis  I'lmuKiiiH  \hv  body  is  tlccp,  cDiuprossotl,  witli  long  dorsal  ami  anal 
tins,  Jiaviuy  th«'  soft  iH)rtioii  as  long  as  or  loii^or  than  the  spinous  i)ortion.  Tin'  dor- 
sal lin  is<-ontinnous,  its  spines  I'roni  live  to  eight  in  nuiMl>er,  and  rapidly  inereasing 
in  size  )>a<'kwar«l.  The  dorsal  and  anal  are  ahout  e(|ual  in  length  and  with  nearly 
tlie  same  nuinlxT  of  spines.  Tlie  op<'reuliim  is  eniarginato,  the  <'andal  deeply 
notched,  and  the  gill  rakers  numerous,  long.  thread-lik<',  linely  toothed.  The  mouth 
is  large,  with  (he  lower  Jaw  strongly  i>roJe(ting.  Tin-  ealieo  bass  has  the  depth 
al»out  one-half  till-  length  not  including  the  tail,  the  head  about  one-third.  The 
mouth  is  very  obli(|ue  and  smaller  than  in  the  crapiiif.  The  eye  is  as  long  as  the 
snout  and  one-lourth  as  lung  as  the  head.  The  maxilla  naehes  to  slightly  itehind 
the  middle  of  the  eye.  The  dorsal  and  anal  lins  are  very  lugh;  the  longest  rays  are 
lialf  aslong  as  the  liead.  The  j)e«'toral  is  as  long  as  the  ventral,  slightly  sliorter 
tlian  the  longest  ray  of  the  dorsal.  Tlie  ventral  rea<*hes to  third  anal  spine.  D.  \\\, 
1.".:  A.  VI,  17-lS.     Scales  7.  42,  lo. 

The  sides  are  olivaceous  with  silvery  rellections  and  mottled  with  pale  green. 
Tlic  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  show  pale  spots  surrounded  l>y  green  reticulations. 

The  isilico  bass,  on  account  of  its  wide  distriVintion  antl  variability, 
lias  rec<Mve(l  a  jirofiision  of  names.  Many  of  these  are  variations  of  the 
term  bass.  It  is  known,  for  t^xample,  as  strawberry  l)ass,  •^nass  bass, 
lak«;  bass,  Lake  Erie  bass,  bank  lick  l)ass,  silver  bass  and  bifr-fin  bass. 
Otlier  names  for  the  species  are  strawberry  i^'rcli,  chin(|uapin  perch, 
S-oo-frle-eyeil  i)erch,  silver  i)erc]i  and  sand  perch.  Still  other  names  of 
local  application  are  bar  fish,  bitter  head,  tin  mouth,  sac-a-lait,  lamp- 
li«?iiter,  razor-back,  o:oor^le-eye,  black  cropj)ie  and  lake  croppie.  The 
species  is  mentioned  in  the  fisli  laws  of  Pennsylvania  under  the  name  of 
Lake  Krie'  bass  or  o-rass  bass 

Tlie  distribution  of  the  calico  bass  is  naturally  exteiisiv*',  and  it  has 
been  still  further  increa.sed  by  artificial  introduction.  The  fish  has  been 
carried  to  France,  ami  examples  measurin<j:  about  eio;-lit  inches  iu  leno-th 
w<'re  reconh'd  there  seveial  years  apro.  There  is,  however,  some  con- 
fusion in  tliat  country  between  the  calico  bass  and  the  common  sunfish, 
and  then' is  no  doubt  that  sonit;  of  the  latter  species  have  been  intro 
duced  into  Germany  under  the  mistaken  belief  that  they  were  calico 
l)ass. 

This  bass  i>   indio-enous  east  of  the  Alle^henies   from    New  Jersey 
southward  to  Cleoro-ia.     tt  abounds  in  tho  Great  Lak«'  rej^ion,  Missis 
sippi   valley  south  to  riOuisian;i,  most  common  muthward,  and  it  occurs 
in  tlu' Missouri.     In   the  Ohio  valley  it  was  rather  uncommon  until  its 
introtluction  in  laroe  numl»ers.     It  was  introduced  into  theSusqiielianna 


t 


i 


l-M 

CO 


IT. 

J 

< 

> 

> 

CXI 
> 


►ID 
CU 
CO 

rT3 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


103 


by  the  Pennsylvania  Fish  Commission  and  has  become  aechmatized 
there  Two  very  fine  examples  were  obtained  at  Port  Deposit  in  1890. 
In  October,  1877,  one  hundred  and  thirty  of  these  fish,  weighing  from 
three-fourths  to  one  pound,  were  obtained  at  Licking  reservoir,  about 
ten  miles  from  Newark,  Ohio,  and  carried  in  cans  and  planted  in  the 
Susquehanna  at  Harrisburg.  In  1878  one  thousand  seven  hundi^ed  and 
twelve  calico  bass  were  brought  from  Ohio  and  deposited  at  Hollidays- 
bur-  in  the  Monongahela  at  Pittsburgh,  the  Lehigb  and  .he  Susque- 
hannk  at  Harrisburg.  The  report  for  1878  contains  mention  of  the  cap- 
ture of  this  species  thirty  miles  above  Harrisburg  at  the  Clark's  Feny 

dam.  ,  .  .   1  , 

This  bass  grows  to  a  length  of  about  one  foot  and  a  maximum  weight 
of  nearly  three  pounds,  but  the  average  weight  is  about  one  pound^     It 
spawns  in  the  spring  and  the  close  season  in  some  states  extends  to 
June  1      Gravid  females  were  caught  near  Havre  de  Gra«e,  Md.,  in 
May     These  were  taken  in  the  Susquehanna  and  Tidewatar  canal  where 
the  species  is  becoming  rather  abundant.     The  food  of  the  calico  bass 
consists  of  worms,  small  crustaceans  and  fishes.     Although  a  native  of 
deep  sluggish  waters  of  western  rivers  and  lakes,  it  reatUly  adjijpts 
itself  to  cold  and  rapid  streams,  and  thrives  even  in  small  brooks.     The 
species  is  suitable  also  for  pond  life,  and  may  be  kept  in  small  areas  of 
water  provided  they  have  sufficient  depth.     It  does  not  prey  upon  other 
fishes,  and  its  numerous  stiff  spines  protect  it  from  larger  preda^eous 
species.    It  swims  in  large  schools  and  is  often  found  in  comparatively 
slioal  water.     The  nest  building  habits  have  been  described  by  Duclos 
from   observations  made  at  Versailles,  France.     This  writer,  unfortu- 
nately, had  under  observation  both  the  calico  bass  and  the  common 
sunfish   and  his  statements  need  confirmation.     The  game  qualities  of 
this  bass  are  noteworthy.     It  is  a  vigorous  and  free  biter,  and  its  en- 
durance is  rather  remarkable  considering  its  size.     As  a  food  fish  this 
species  is  highly  prized,  and  its  increase  in  rivers  of  Pennsylvania  is 
greatly  to  be  desired. 

117.  Pomoxys  annularis  IUfinesque. 

TIm*  Crapple.     (Fiffure  ,59.) 

lu  the  crappie  the  deptl.  of  the  body  is  two-fifths  of  the  total  length  not  including 
the  tail  The  length  of  the  head  is  one-third  of  the  total :  the  moutli  is  oblique  and 
larger  than  in  the  calico  bass.  The  eye  is  about  equal  to  the  snout  and  nearly  one- 
fourth  the  length  of  the  head.  The  upper  jaw  nearly  one-half  length  of  head  :  the 
n)axllla  reaches  slightly  l)evond  the  middle  of  the  eye.  The  longest  rays  of  the 
dorsal  and  anal  are  about  one-half  as  long  as  head.  The  pectoral  is  longer  than  the 
•  ventral  and  reaches  to  above  the  origin  of  the  anal.  The  ventral  when  laid  back 
reaches  to  the  vent. 

D.  VI,  16;  A.  VT,  17.     Scales?,  45,  13. 

There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  the  number  of  spines  and  rays  in  the  dorsal 

and  anal  fins. 
Color  clear  silvery  olive,  the  sides  niottle.l  with  ilark  greenish  blotches.     On  the 


104 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


upper  part  of  the  body  are  traces  of  narrow  vertical  bars.     The  dorsal  and  caudal  are 
mottled,  but  the  anal  is  usually  uniform  pale. 

AmoDg-  the  many  names  which  have  been  applied  to  the  crappie  are: 
bachelor,  newlight,  Campbellite,  sac-a-lait,  bridg-e  perch,  strawbeny 
perch,  chinquapin  perch,  speckled  perch,  tin  perch,  g-og-gle-eye,  John 
demon,  shad,  white  croppie  and  timber  croppie. 

In  the  lower  Mississippi  valley  the  crappie  is  one  of  the  commonest 
fishes.  It  is  abundant  also  in  the  Ohio  valley  and  occurs  rarely  in  Lake 
Erie.  The  Ohio,  Illinois  and  Mississippi  rivers  are  particularly  noted 
for  an  abundance  of  crappies,  and  it  is  very  plentiful  in  Lake  Pontchar- 
traiu,  Louisiana  where  it  is  one  of  the  most  highly  prized  of  the  smaller 
grame  fishes. 

The  crappie  is  a  very  g-eueral  favorite  for  pond  culture,  can  be  readily 
transported  and  under  favorable  conditions  multiplies  prodig-iously. 
Its  rangfe  has  been  very  much  extended  by  artificial  means.  The  best 
distinguishing-  marks  between  the  crappie  and  the  calico  bass  are  the  more 
elongated  form  of  the  crappie,  the  presence  of  six  spines  in  the  dorsal 
and  the  nearly  imiform  whitish  color  of  the  anal.  In  the  crappie  the 
g-reatest  depth  of  the  body  is  usually  contained  two  and  one-half  times 
in  the  total  lengfth  without  the  tail,  while  in  the  calico  bass  the  depth 
equals  one-half  the  leng"th.  These  two  species  are  so  closely  similar  in 
size  and  habits  that  they  are  rarely  distinguished  except  by  ichthy- 
ologists. 

The  crappie  grows  to  the  length  of  about  one  foot  and  usually  weighs 
one  pound  or  less,  but  in  a  lake  near  St.  Louis  an  individual  weighing 
three  pounds  has  been  recorded. 

Crappie  fishing  usually  begins  in  June  and  lasts  until  the  coming  of 
cold  weather.  Large  numbers  of  this  fish  are  collected  near  Quincy, 
Illinois,  for  distribution  to  other  waters.  At  Peoria,  Illinois,  Professor 
Forbes  has  taken  them  in  March  and  April ;  he  has  found  them  also  in 
Pistakee  Lake  and  at  Ottawa.  Cedar  Lake,  Indiana,  and  King's  Lake, 
Missouri,  are  celebrated  crappie  waters.  Near  Covington,  Kentucky,  in 
private  ponds  belonging  to  Joseph  Schlosser  there  are  myriads  of  crap- 
pie as  well  as  other  game  fishes. 

Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes  has  studied  the  feeding  habits  of  the  crappie  and 
finds  that  the  young  live  chiefly  upon  entomostrma  and  small  insect 
larva'.  The  adults  subsist  upon  the  same  food  when  obtainable,  but  in 
times  of  scarcity  they  feed  to  some  extent  upon  other  fishes.  Small 
minnows  and  darters  have  been  found  in  their  stomachs.  In  the  autumn 
Prof.  Forbes  has  found  a  larger  percentage  of  small  fishes,  sometimes 
constituting  nearly  two-fifths  of  their  food.  The  helgramite  is  eaten  by 
the  crappie.  In  cold  weather  it  does  not  consume  one-fourth  the  amount 
of  food  which  it  takes  in  the  early  spring.  The  crappie  prefers  still 
waters,  thriving  even  in  warm  and  muddy  water,  and  has  been  taken  in 
large  numbers  in  mid-summer  at  depths  of  only  a  few  feet;   in  cold 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


105 


, 


f 


weather  it  retires  to  deeper  water,  becomes  rather  sluggish  and  takes 
little  food.  Dr.  Henshall  states  that  the  crappie  is  found  about  dams 
and  in  deep  still  portions  of  streams  and  ponds,  especially  about  logs, 
brush  and  drift. 

The  crappie  is  a  very  free  biter  and  can  be  caught  readily  with  min- 
nows or  worms.  Spoon  bail  has  been  successfully  used  in  trolling  for 
this  species.  It  is  recorded  that  two  men  have  taken  a  thousand  crap- 
pies in  three  days'  fishing  with  hook  and  line.  As  the  fish  is  grega- 
rious, congregating  in  large  schools,  and  fearless,  it  can  be  taken  in  the 
immense  numbers  cited.  The  best  bait  for  crappie  is  a  small  shiner.  It 
rises  well  also  to  the  artificial  fly.  As  a  food  fish  this  is  one  of  the  best 
in  our  inland  waters  and  its  adaptability  for  life  in  artificial  ponds 
should  make  it  a  favorite  with  fish  culturists. 

Genus  AMBLOPLITES  Rafinesque. 
118.  Ambloplites  rupestris  (Rafinesque). 

The  Rock  Bass.     {fHr/ure  W.) 

The  rock  bass  has  a  robust,  oblong  body  ;  its  depth  is  contained  two  and  one-third 
times  in  the  total  length  without  caudal,  the  head  two  and  four-flfths  in  this  same 
length.     The  caudal  peduncle  is  stout,  almost  as  deep  as  lohg.     The  dorsal  profile  is 
rather  steep,  strongly  concave  over  eye.     The  eye  is  large,  about  one-fourth  length 
of  head,  equal  to  snout.     The  mouth  is  large,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  vertical  from 
posterior  end. of  pupil.     The  heavy  lower  jaw  projects  slightly.     The  vomer,  pala- 
tines, tongue  and  pterygoid  bones  all  toothed ;  those  on  the  tongue  in  a  single 
patch.     The  pharyngeal  teeth  are  sharp.     The  opercle  ends  in  two  flat  points  ;  pre- 
opercle  serrated  at  its  angle.     Gill-rakers  long  and  strong,  less  than  ten  in  number. 
Six  branch iostegals.     Scales  large ;  those  on  the  cheeks  in  about  eight  rows.     Caudal 
rather  deeply  emarginate.     The  dorsal  base  is  about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long 
as  that  of  the  anal.     The  spines  of  both  fins  arc  stout  and  rather  short     The  first 
spine  of  the  dorsal  is  over  the  seventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  anil  the  last  spine  is 
over  the  twenty-fifth  scale.     The  first  soft  ray  is  over  the  twenty-sixth  scale  and  the 
last  ray  over  the  thirty-fifth.     The  anal  origin  is  under  the  middle  of  the  spinous 
dorsal  and  the  last  anal  ray  is  opposite  the  last  dorsal  ray.     First  <lorsal  spine  short- 
est, one-half  length  of  longest  spine  which  is  about  three  fifthsas  long  as  the  longest 
ray.     The  spines  and  rays  of  the  anal  are  in  about  the  same  proportion  to  each  other 
as  are  those  of  the  dorsal,  the  first  spine  being  the  shortest  antl  the  longest  about  three- 
fifths  as  long  as  the  longest  anal  ray.     The  soft  portions  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  are 
high  and  rounded.     The  pectoral  is  rather  short  and  broad.     The  ventral  long  and 
slender,  directly  under  base  of  pectoral.     The  lateral  line  is  complete,  placed  high 
on  body  and  follows  the  contour  of  the  back.     D.  XI,  II ;  A.  VI,  11.     Scales  5-46-14. 
The  specimen  described,  No.  9401,  United  States  Xational   Museum,  nine  inches 
long,  was  collected  at  Ecorse,  Michigan. 

The  rock  bass  is  known  under  a  variety  of  names.  Among  them  are 
the  following:  red-eye  or  red-eyed  perch,  goggle-eye  and  lake  bass.  It 
is  found  in  lower  Canada,  Vermont  and  throughout  the  Great  Lake 
region,  west  to  Manitoba,  and  it  is  native  in  Minnesota  and  Dakota :  south 
ward  it  ranges  through  the  Mississippi  valley  to  Texas.  In  tlio  Ohio 
valley  it  is  very  common,  while  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  states,  east  of  the 
Alleghenies,  it  has  probably  been  introduced.  Its  existence  in  the 
Susquehanna  lias  l>een  known  for  about  twenty  years. 


106 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Whether  it  is  indigfenous  iu  Pennsylvania  waters  is  uncertain.  It  has 
been  introduced  into  some  parts  of  Virg-inia,  while  in  other  portions  of 
that  state  it  is  native.  It  is  indij^euous  in  North  Carolina.  Its  distribu- 
tion in  Pennsylvania  has  of  late  years  been  greatly  extended  through 
the  efforts  of  the  Fish  Commission  and  it  is  now  well  established  in  the 
Delaware,  especially  in  its  upper  waters. 

Under  favorable  circumstances  as  to  water  and  food  supplj'^  the  rock 
bass  grows  to  a  length  of  fourteen  inches  and  a  weight  of  two  pounds. 
It  increases  in  depth  and  thickness  with  age.  The  largest  example  we 
have  examined  is  one  of  two  pounds  weight,  length  fourteen  inches, 
from  the  James  river,  Va.,  taken  near  Richmond.  Dr.  Wm.  Overton 
reports  that  rock  bass  weighing  three  and  three-fourths  pounds  have 
been  taken  in  his  vicinity  at  Stony  Creek,  Va. 

In  February  and  March  this  fish  frequents  the  mouths  of  small 
streams  and  in  summer  it  seeks  shady  places  under  high  banks  or  pro- 
jecting rocks.  The  species  is  gregarious,  going  in  large  schools.  It 
thrives  where  there  is  not  much  current  and  is  very  well  adapted  for 
culture  in  artificial  ponds.  It  is  as  common  in  lakes  and  ponds  as  in 
the  streams.     Sluggish,  pure,  dark  water  suits  it  best. 

The  fishing  seasod  begins  in  June  and  lasts  until  the  approach  of  cold 
weather. 

The  rock  bass  feeds  upon  worms,  crustaceans  and  larva?  of  insects 
early  in  the  season;  later  its  food  consists  of  minnows  and  crawfish. 
The  young  feed  upon  insects  and  their  larvae. 

The  spawning  season  is  May  and  June  and  gravelly  shoals  are  resorted 
to  for  depositing  the  eggs. 

The  rock  bass  bites  very  freely  and  is  a  fair  game  fish  and  excellent 
for  the  table.  It  fights  vigorously,  but  its  endurance  is  not  great. 
Suitable  baits  are  white  grubs,  crickets,  grasshoppers,  crawfish  and 
small  minnows.  Common  earthworms  are  also  successfully  used.  Dr. 
Henshall  recommends  for  fly  fishing  a  light  trout  fly  rod  of  five  or  six 
ounces,  light  click  reel,  enamelled  line,  size  G,  and  a  fine  trout  leader. 
The  flies  he  recommends  are  Montreal,  ibis,  soldier,  professor,  aureole 
and  polka,  also  the  brown,  red  and  ginger  hackles.  He  would  tie  them 
on  drawn  gut  snells  on  No.  6  to  7  Sproat  hooks.  For  bait  fishing  the 
Doctor  recommends  a  light  cane  rod,  ten  feet  long,  weighing  four  or  five 
ounces,  with  a  No.  9  twisted  silk  line  as  long  as  the  rod,  a  three-foot 
leader  of  the  finest  gut.  No.  4  or  5  Sproat  hooks  tied  on  drawn  gut  and 
a  quill  float.  In  bait  casting  from  a  reel  instead  of  the  twisted  silk  line 
he  would  substitute  one  of  braided  silk,  size  H. 


w 


CD 

cn 
> 


CD 


en 

LO 
O 

IT-' 
< 

> 


to 


10(; 


FIS/flJS  OF  FEXXSVLr.lX/J. 


Whether  it  is  iiuligfeiious  iu  Peunsylvauia  waters  is  uucertain.  It  has 
been  iiitroihieed  into  some  parts  of  Yirs-inia,  whik)  in  othtn-  portit)ns  t)f 
tliat  state  it  is  native.  It  is  indi^renous  in  Nortii  CarnHna.  Its  distrihu 
tion  in  Pennsylvania  lias  of  late  years  been  «-r(?atU'  extended  throuj^rh 
the  efforts  of  the  Fish  Commission  and  it  is  now  well  established  in  the 
Delaware,  espeeially  in  its  npper  waters. 

lender  favorable  cireumstanct'S  as  to  water  and  food  supply  the  rock 
bass  t:^rows  to  a  lenj^^th  of  fourteen  inches  and  a  wei^-lit  of  two  pounds. 
It  increases  in  depth  and  thickness  with  asfe.  The  largest  exami)le  we 
have  examined  is  one  of  two  pounds  weif^-ht,  len«>-tli  fourteen  int'lies, 
from  the  James  river,  Ya.,  taken  near  Richmond.  Dr.  Wm.  Overton 
reports  that  rock  bass  weis-hiu^*  three  and  thrtM'-fourths  j)ounds  have 
been  taken  in  his  vicinity  at  Stony  Creek,  \n. 

In  February  and  March  this  tish  fre(iuents  the  mouths  of  small 
streams  and  in  summer  it  seeks  shad}'  placets  under  hijrli  banks  or  pro- 
jectinjr  rocks.  The  species  is  g-reg-arious,  jjoing-  in  larg:e  schools.  It 
thrives  where  there  is  not  much  current  and  is  very  well  adapted  for 
culture  in  artificial  ponds.  It  is  as  common  in  lakes  and  ponds  as  in 
the  streams,     Slugct^'ish,  jiure,  <l.uk  water  suits  it  best. 

Th»>  fishinj?  season  bej^ins  in  June  and  lasts  until  the  approach  of  cold 
weather. 

The  rock  bass  feeds  upon  worms,  ciustaceans  and  larva-  of  insects 
early  in  the  season;  later  its  foo«l  consists  of  minnows  and  crawtish. 
The  younp:  feed  upon  insects  and  their  larva-. 

The  spawn ini:;' season  is  May  and  June  and  <jri"avelly  shoals  an-  resorted 
to  for  depositin*^  the  e<^<>s. 

The  I'ock  bass  bites  very  freely  and  is  a  fair  «j:ame  fish  and  excellent 
for  the  table.  It  tig'hts  vijrorously,  l)ut  its  endurance  is  not  <rreat. 
Suitable  baits  are  white  «riubs,  crickets,  g-i's^^f^hoppers,  crawtish  and 
small  minnows.  Common  earthworms  are  also  successfully  used.  Dr. 
Heushall  I'ecommends  for  tly  fisliiu*,'-  a  li«,'-ht  trout  fly  rod  of  five  or  six 
ounces,  lip^^ht  click  reel,  enamelled  line,  si/e  G,  and  a  fine  trout  leader. 
The  fli«'s  he  recommends  ar(^  Montreal,  ibis,  soldier,  professor,  aureole 
and  polka,  also  the  brown,  red  and  g-inj^er  hackles.  He  would  tii-  them 
on  drawn  gut  snells  on  No.  5  to  7  Sproat  hooks.  For  bait  fishing  the 
Doctor  recommends  a  light  cane  rod,  ten  feet  long,  weigliing  four  or  five 
ounces,  with  a  No.  9  twiste«l  silk  line  as  long  as  the  ro<l,  a  three-foot 
h'ader  of  the  finest  gut,  No.  4  or  5  Sproat  hooks  tied  on  drawn  gut  and 
a  quill  float.  In  bait  casting  from  a  reel  instead  of  the  twist<'d  silk  line 
he  would  substitute  one  of  braided  silk,  si/e  H. 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


131 

CD 
C3 


CD 

n 
> 


CD 

m 
I — ' 


I— -I 

rji 

-n 
Ul 

o 
en 

< 

> 


> 


t3 


o 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


107 


I 


Genus  ACANTHARCHUS     Gill. 
119.  Acantharchus  pomotis    (Baird). 

The  Mud  8uiiflNh. 

The  mud  sunfish  has  an  oblong  and  moderately  elongate  body,  its  greatest  depth 
near  the  vent  iwo-tifths  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.  >he  greatest  thick- 
ness is  a  little  less  than  one-half  the  depth.     The  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  deep 
Its  least  depth  two-fifths  of  greatest  depth  of  body.     The  head  is  moderately  large' 
rather  more  than  one-third  of  total  length  without  the  caudal,  its  width  equal  to  the 
length  of  its  postorbital  part.     The  snout  is  very  short  and  obtuse,  its  length  about 
one-half  that  of  the  eye.     The  eye  is  placed  high,  its  diameter  contained  three  and 
two-thirds  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.     The  interorbital  space  is  slightly  convex 
Its  width  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  eye.     The  mouth  is  large,  the   maxilla 
broadly  expanded  behind  and  reaching  nearly  to  below  the  hind  margin  of  the  eve. 
A  well  developed  supplemental  maxillary  bone  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eye  •  'six 
rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks.     The  operculum  ends  in  two  thin,  flat  points,  between 
which  there  is  a  black  spot  about  two-flfths  as  long  as  the  eye;  gill-rakers  short  and 
few;  five  developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  eve     The 
spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  fifth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  its  base  is  as  long  as  the 
head  without  the  snout;  the  first  spine  is  very  short,  one-half  as  long  as  the  eve-  the 
spines  increase  very  gradually  in  length  to  the  last,  which  is  as  long  as  the  eye 'and 
snout  combined;  the  soft  dorsal  base  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  that  of  the  spinous  dor- 
sal;  its  rays  are  longer  than  the  spines,  the  longest  (fourth  to  sixth)  about  one-lialf 
as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  anal  begins  under  eighteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  •  the 
first  spine  one-half  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  spines  increase  in    length  to  the  last 
which  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head;  the  rays  are  long,  the  longest  (fourth)  equal 
to  postorbital  length  of  head;  the  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent;  the  pectoral  reaches  to 
below  the  fifteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  caudal  is  rounded,  its  middle  rays 
five-seventlis  as  long  as  the  head;  the  lateral  line  is  complete  and  runs  parallel  to  the 
dorsal  outline.     D.  XII,  11;  A.  VII,  10;  V.  I,  5;  P.  14.    Scales 6-43-12.     In  spirits  the 
color  IS  dark  brown;  two  or  three  dusky  stripes  on  tlie  sides  below  the  lateral  line- 
a  dark  shade  around  the  nape  extending  backward  l>ehind  the  eye;  two  dark  stripes 
across  the  cheeks  and  operculum;  a  dark  opercular  flap  as  described  above;  the  fins 
unspotted.    In  life  the  fish  is  dark  green.    The  example  described,   \o    17  844 
United  States  National  Museum,  from  New  Jersey,  is  four  and  one-fifth  inches  long- 
it  lias  more  dorsal  and  anal  spines  than  are  usually  present  in  this  sunfish. 

Prof.  Baird,  who  first  described  the  above  species,  called  it  the  liass 
sunfish,  because  of  its  resemblance  in  shape  to  some  of  the  basses.  The 
mud  sunfish  ranges  from  New  York  to  North  Carolina  in  skggish 
streams  near  the  coast.  Prof.  Baird  found  it  not  rare  in  Cedar  Swamp 
creek,  near  Beesley's  Point,  N.  J.,  in  1854,  and  the  writer  obtained  a 
single  individual  in  Gravelly  Run,  not  far  from  this  locality,  in  1887, 
associated  with  the  pirate  perch,  striped  mud  minnow,  barred  killifish 
and  young-  pickerel. 

This  fish  reaches  a  length  of  six  inches.  It  prefei-s  muddy  water  and 
may  even  lie  embedded  in  mud. 

The  colors  of  living  specimens  were  described  by  Prof.  Baird  as  fol- 
lows: "Dark  greenish  olive,  with  three  or  four  irregular  longitudinal 
bands  of  dull  greenish  yellow,  and  occasionally  cloudy  spots  of  golden 
green.  Sides  of  the  head  of  this  color,  with  three  indistinct  bands  of 
dark  olive.     Iris  purplish  brown ;   cornea  olive  green.     Fins  quite  uni- 


108 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


109 


form,  very  dark  greenish  olive,  with  darker  marg-ins,  except  the  pectorals, 
which  are  light  olivaceous,  aad  the  ventrals,  the  spinous  rays  of  which 
are  uncolored,  ISome  specimens  may  be  better  described  as  dark  golden 
green,  Avith  longitudinal  bands  of  dark  olive,  broken  up  by  cloudings 
of  greenish." 

Genus  ENNEACANTHUS     (iiLL. 

120.  Euneacanthus  obesus     (Baird).  . 

The  Banded  Sunflsh. 

The  body  of  the  banded  suiilish  is  elliptical  in  form,  its  deptli  more  than  one-half 
total  length  withont  caudal;  its  thickness  equals  two-tilths  of  its  depth.  Tlie 
caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  stout,  its  least  depth  one-third  greatest  depth  of 
body;  the  head  is  short,  two-fifths  of  total  length  without  the  caudal;  tne  snout  is  very 
short  and  oblique,  its  length  about  two-thirds  of  the  diameter  of  tlie  eye,  which  is 
one-third  as  long  as  the  head  and  exceeds  the  width  of  tlie  interorbital  space;  the 
mouth  is  oblique,  moderate  in  size,  the  maxilla  broadly  expanded  posteriorly  and 
reaching  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye;  a  supplemental  maxillary  bone;  a  black 
opercular  flap  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eye;  scales  on  cheeks  in  four  rows;  gill- 
rakers  short  and  spiny,  thirteen  developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest  scarcely  one- 
half  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  first  dorsal  spine  is  over  the  pectoral  base,  minute,  less 
than  one-half  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  two-thirds  aslong  as  the  eye;  the  spines 
increase  in  size  to  the  last,  which  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head;  the  fourth  and 
longest  soft  ray  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head;  the  ventral  begins  a  little  behind 
the  pectoral  base;  the  spine  is  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head;  the  fin  reaches  to  the 
second  anal  ray,  its  longest  ray  produced  into  a  filament;  the  anal  begins  under  tlie 
thirteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  base  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head;  the 
first  spine  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  last 
spine  is  as  long  as  the  eye  and  snout  combined;  the  anal  rays  increase  in  length  to 
the  fifth,  which  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  snout;  the  pectoral  is  below  the 
median  line  and  reaches  to  above  the  third  anal  spine;  the  caudal  is  rounded,  the 
middle  rays  as  long  as  the  head  without  tlie  snout;  the  lateral  line  is  imperfect  after 
the  seventeenth  to  the  nineteenth  scale.  D.  IX,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  10;  V.  I,  5;  P.  12.  Scales 
5-32-10.  The  tyi>e  of  the  species,  No.  G538,  United  SUites  National  Museum, 
from  Beesley's  Point,  N.  J.,  is  here  described;  it  is  three  and  three-fourths  inches 
long. 

The  banded  sunfish  inhabits  coastwise  streams  from  Massachusetts  to 
Florida.     It  occurs  in  southeastern  Pennsylvania  but  is  rare. 

This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  three  inches.  It  is  olive  green  in 
color,  with  five  to  eight  dark  cross  bars  intermingled  with  golden  or 
purplish  spots.  There  are  lines  and  spots  also  on  the  cheeks.  The  tiap 
on  the  opercle  contains  a  velvety  black  spot  with  a  purple  border.  Be- 
low the  eye  there  is  a  dark  bar.  This  is  a  beautiful  little  species  but  has 
no  economic  importance. 

121.  Enneacanthus  simulans     (Cope). 

The  lllue-spotted  Sunflsh. 

The  blu('-8i>otted  sunfish  has  an  elliptical  body,  its  greatest  depth  one-half  of  its 
total  length  without  the  caudal,  and  its  tliitkness  nearly  two-fifths  of  its  depth.  The 
caudal  peduncle  is  short,  its  least  deptli  one-third  of  thogreat<>st  deptli  of  body;  the 
head  is  moderate  in  size,  three-eighths  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal;  the 


snout  is  very  short  and  oblique,  its  length  two-thirds  that  of  the  eye,  which  is  nearly 
one-third  as  long  as  the  head;  the  mouth  is  moderate  in  size,  oblique,  the  broadly- 
expanded  maxilla  nearly  reaching  to  below  front  of  pupil;  the  lower  jaw  projects 
slightly;  the  operculum  ends  in  two  flat  points,  between  which  there  is  a  dark  spot 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eye,  and  bordered  below  by  a  narrow  pearly  stripe;  the  gill- 
rakers  are  short  and  stout,  eleven  developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest  one-third 
as  long  as  the  eye;  four  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks;  the  spinous  dorsal  begins  over 
the  fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  its  base  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head;  the 
first  spine  18  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  eye;  the  spines  gradually  increase  in 
length  to  the  fourth,  which  is  equal  to  those  that  follow  it  and  to  the  length  of  the 
postorb.tal  part  of  the  head;  the  fifth  and  longest  soft  ray  ec,ual8  in  length  the  head 
without  the  snout;  the  last  soft  ray  equals  the  postorbital  part  of  the  head  in  length- 
the  anal  origin  is  under  the  fourteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  base  of  the  fin  is 

?1  H^fif^  \  i*^'*'^.  r'*^"""^  "'^  ^"*'"''  ^''^  first  spine  is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the 
head;  the  third  and  longest  equals  length  of  postorbital  part  of  head;  the  third  and 
fourth  soit  rays  ar^.  longest,  equal  to  the  head  without  the  snout;  the  ventral  reaches 
to  the  second  anal  ray,  its  spine  equal  in  length  to  postorbital  part  of  head;  the  pec- 

iri  .7.^' w      ?1.  '^'  'r^^*°  """  ^''^^  '^^^y'  ''  '^^^'^^  t«  »>«»«^  the  fourteenth 

asth^  L  r  t^«7V"'r  v''"  '""^"' ''  '°""''^^'  "«  ™'^*^^«  ''^y-  three-fourths  as  long 
as  the  ^«*<i5/h«  J«teral    me  is  usually  complete,  sometimes  imperfect  on  one  side 

;       K     :  '    ^  '  ^  •  ^'  ° '  ''•  ^'-     ^^•^^  ^-31-10.     In  spirits  the  color  is  brown- 

ish; about  seven  or  eight  rows  of  scales  below  the  lateral  line  with  pearly  blotches 
forming  interrupted  stripes;  a  dark  band  under  the  eye;  the  dorsal,  anal  and  caTuhd 
profusely  spotted  with  roundish,  pearly  spots;  young  individua  s  are  obs^u  ely 
banded;  in  life  the  spots  of  the  male  are  blue,  and  the  fins  are  higher  than  inX  fe^ 
male.  The  specimens  described  No.  20,356,  United  States  National  Museu  „  aVe 
from  Trenton,  N.  J.    The  largest  is  three  inches  long.  ' 

The  blue-spotted  sunfish  is  found  from  New  Jersey  to  South  Caro- 
lina, and  IS  very  common  in  southeastern  Pennsylvania  according  to 
Cope  It  IS  a  small  species,  not  much  exceeding  the  banded  sunfish  in 
length.  In  the  male  the  head,  body,  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  fins  are 
profusely  covered  with  bright,  round,  sky-blue  spots  ;  the  opercle  bears 
a  pearly-blue  spot.  The  female  is  not  so  brightly  colored  as  the  male 
and  the  fins  are  not  so  high ;  the  spots,  also,  are  fainter.  The  young 
are  faintly  barred;  the  general  color  of  adults  is  dark  olive  It  is  a 
handsome  species  but  not  used  for  food. 

Genus  MESOGONISTIUS  Gill. 
122.  Mesogonistius  chaetodon  (Baird). 

The  Blaek-banded  Suntlsh.        {Figure  60.) 
The  black-banded  sunfish  has  an  oblomr  bod V   it«  crro^.o^f    i     *t 
tou,  leng...  Without  caudal  an.l  ,.,  thicruasrine-Thfr   T.  „  Ttr'rt''"'  ',': 
pluncle  U  Short  au.i  sleuder,  »,  lea,,  depth  o,,ual  to  .he  tHcLeZ;,,^^^^^ 
head  „  „,oderato  iu  alze.  iu  length  «,>e.thlrd  of  .he  .oUil  wl.hou.  'Zla      T^.  '        ! 
19  Short  and  oblique,  .«o-thlrds  as  long  as  the  eve  whTrfru  „?<.  .k  .  '"""' 

head.  The  mouth  is  small,  obli„„el,  oCd  Z'  i^  ,  "'"'■"■"""  "'  '""»  «'  <l'« 
maxilla  Is  not  broadly  ..^,ujtLTu'rZ,Z:  ."tw  ZIZ/7L  ^'"' 
The  operculum  ends  in  two  flat  points  and  his  a  .Urk  fu«    f   .  V  *''®  '^y®* 

half  as  long  as  the  eye.  Scales  in  the'heek  u'treeVT  Z  iin'^^u  ''  """ 
comparatively  long  and  blonder  ;  thirteen  developo.lon  tZfirst  arc?.  tTf"  '*'*' 
one-third  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  spinous  dorsal "^^.eglTs  Iver  U.e  th  ri  M^L^  "IT 
lateral  line;  the  length  of  its  base  e.juals  five-sixths  th  it  of  L,H^i;  "'  "'^ 
«p.no  is  minute,  scarcely  one-half  as  loilg  as  the  ^V:::::::::::^^  aJ!:.^':; 


t 


110 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Ill 


the  eye,  the  fourth  (longest)  about  one-half  length  of  head  ;  from  thence  they  de- 
crease In  length  to  the  one  before  the  last  which  Ih  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the 
last  is  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  head.  The  base  of  the  soft  portion  is  as  long  as 
the  head  without  the  snout ;  the  fourth  and  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  base  of  the 
fin.  The  last  ray  is  half  length  of  longest  The  anal  origin  is  under  the  twelfth  or 
thirteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  first  spine  is  short,  two-thirds  as  long  as  the 
second,  and  a  little  less  than  the  eye  in  length  ;  the  third  and  longest  is  as  long  as  the 
eye  and  snout  combined.  The  longest  soft  rays  (fourth  to  sixth)  are  as  long  as  the 
head  without  the  snout,  and  the  last  ray  is  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  longest 
The  ventral  reaches  to  the  first  anal  ray,  its  length  about  equal  to  the  head  with- 
out the  snout  The  pectoral  reaches  to  the  ventral  and  is  slightly  longer  than  that 
fin.  The  caudal  is  convex,  its  middle  rays  nearly  as  long  at  the  head.  The  lateral 
line  follows  the  outline  of  the  back. 

D.  X,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  12  ;  V.  I,  5 ;  P.  13.     Scales  4-31-11. 

The  length  of  the  specimen  here  described,  No.  20,354,  United  States  National  :\ru- 
seuni,  from  Trenton,  N.  .!.,  is  three  inches. 

This  species  was  first  described  by  Professor  S.  F.  Baird,  from  speci- 
mens obtained  by  him  in  Cedar  Swamp  creek,  Cape  May  county.  New 
Jersey,  in  1854.     The  Professor  found  it  abundant  in  the  muddy  water 
of   that  creek.     He  described  the  colors  as  follows:  "General  color 
dirty  white,  with  clouds  of  olivaceous  ;  the  tints  clearer  in  smaller  speci- 
mens; sides  of  abdomen  silvery.     Six  well  defined  vertical  bands  of 
black  on  each  side,  covering  each  a  breadth  of  two  or  three  scales ;  tlie 
first  passes  through  the  pupil  across  the  cheeks ;  the  second  is  posterior 
to  the  edge  of  the  preoperculum,  but  interrupted  in  the  middle  so  as 
not  to  cross  the  operculum ;  the  third  is  posterior  to  the  first  ray  of  the 
dorsal.     *     *     *     *     Between  the  third  and  fourth  bands  are  short  bars, 
one  proceeding  from  the  dorsal,  the  other  from  the  ventral  outline  in  the 
same  vertical  line,  and  parallel  to  the  others.  This  may  in  fact  be  described 
as  an  additional  bar  interrupted  in  the  middle.     Fins  greenish  yellow, 
with  mottlingsof  dark.  Ventrals  black  centrally,  yellow  posteriorly,  and 
deep  red  on  the  two  anterior  rays  and  intermediate  membrane.     Dorsal 
with  the  three  anterior  rays  and  their  membrane  black ;  the  membrane 
between  the  third  and  fourth  rays  red.     Pectoral  plain.     In  large  speci- 
mens the  tints  are  darker,  and  the  ground  color  tinged  with  olivaceous. 
The  red  of  the  dorsal  is  not  distinct.     Length  three  inches." 

Genus  LBPOMIS  Rafineswu*. 
123.  Liepomis  cyanellus  Rafinesque. 

The  (Jreeii  Sunflsh.  {Figure  61.) 
The  green  simfish  has  an  oblong  body,  its  greatest  depth  at  the  ventrals  equaling 
three-sevenths  of  the  total  length  without  caudal,  and  its  thickness  three-eighths 
of  its  depth.  The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  four-fifths  of  its  length 
and  about  one-third  of  greatest  body  depth.  The  head  is  one-third  of  total  length 
without  the  caudal ;  its  widtii  nearly  one-half  its  length.  The  snout  is  moderately 
pointed  and  as  long  as  the  eye,  which  is  two-ninths  as  long  as  the  head.  The  inter- 
orbital  space  is  nearly  fiat,  its  width  a  little  greater  than  the  length  of  the  eye.  The 
nape  is  moderately  arched.  The  mouth  is  moderately  large,  the  maxilla  not  widely 
expanded  behind  and  reaching  to  below  the  front  of  the  pupil.  Supplemental  max- 
illary bono  well  developed.     Seven  rows  of  scales  on  the  cheeks.     Gill  rakers  short 


and  stifl",  eleven  developed  on  the  first  arch  ;  the  longest  one-third  as  longastheeye. 
A  short,  broad  opercular  flap,  its  width  and  length  about  equal  and  two-thirds 
length  of  eye.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  sixth  scale  of  the  lateral  line ; 
its  base  nearly  equal  in  length  to  the  head  ;  the  first  spine  is  two-thirds  as  long  as 
the  eye  ;  the  spines  increase  gradually  in  length  to  the  seventh,  which  is  two-fifths 
as  long  as  the  spinous  dorsal  ba^e  and  one-half  length  of  liead  without  the  snout 
The  tenth  spine  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  seventh.  The  seventh  and  longest  soft  ray 
is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  last  ray  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  The 
base  of  the  soft  dorsal  is  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  spinous  dorsal  base.  The 
anal  begins  under  the  twenty-fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  first  spine  is  three- 
fourths  as  long  as  the  eye  ;  the  second  is  nearly  twice  and  the  third  twoand  one-half 
times  as  long  as  the  first  The  length  of  the  anal  base  equals  one-tifth  of  the  total 
without  the  caudal.  The  fourth  and  longest  anal  ray  is  as  long  as  the  postorbital 
part  of  the  head  ;  the  last  ray  is  a  little  more  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  fourth. 
The  caudal  fin  is  emarginate,  the  middle  rays  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  external. 
The  ventral  reaches  to  the  vent ;  its  spine  one-halt  as  long  as  the  head  without  the 
snout;  its  length  one-fifth  of  the  total  without  the  caudal.  The  pectoral  reaches  to  below 
the  seventeenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.  The  lateral  line  follows  the  outline  of  the 
back.  D.  X,  11 ;  A.  Ill,  10  ;  V.  I,  5  ;  P.  13.  Scales  7-47-14.  In  spirits  the  color  is 
pale  brown,  the  fins  paler.  The  opercular  flap  has  a  dark  spot  as  described  above. 
In  life  there  is  generally  a  black  blotch  on  the  hinder  part  of  the  dorsal  ard  anal  ; 
the  ground  color  is  greenish  with  a  brassy  tinge  on  the  sides  ;  the  lower  parts  yel- 
lowish ;  blue  spots  and  gilt  borders  usually  ornament  the  scales  and  faint  dark 
bands  are  often  present  The  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  have  Hiue  or  green  markings, 
and  the  anal  is  margined  in  front  with  orange.  The  iris  is  red  and  the  eheeks  are 
striped  with  blue.  The  specimen  described,  No.  36,313,  United  States  National  ^^fu- 
seum,  from  the  Sac  River,  Mo.,  is  seven  inches  lotig. 

The  blue-spotted  sunfish,  also  known  as  the  green  sunfish  and  redeye, 
occurs  from  the  Great  Lake  region  throughout  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
valleys  south  to  Mexico.  It  does  not  occur  in  the  Middle  Atlantic 
states  east  of  the  Alleghenies.  The  species  reaches  a  length  of  seven 
inches  and  is  an  extremely  variable  one.  Professor  Cope  refers  to  it  as 
a  good  pan  fish  and  states  that  it  is  abundant  in  the  Ohio  basin.  In 
the  Ohio  valley  it  is  one  of  the  characteristic  fishes,  inhabiting  ponds 
and  ascending  small  streams.  It  frequents  deep  holes  and  the  shelter 
of  overhanging  roots. 

124.  Lepomis  macrochirus  Rafinesque. 

The  body  is  oblong,  its  greatest  depth  contained  two  and  two-fifths  times  in  the 
total  length  without  caudal.  Tlie  head  Is  one-third  of  total  without  caudal.  The 
mouth  is  large  and  the  snout  is  i>olnted.  Mucous  pores  on  the  heail  well  developed 
Five  to  seven  rows  of  scales  on  tlie  cheeks.  Opercular  flap  small.  Eleven  slender 
gdl  rakers.  The  dorsal  spines  are  high.  Pectorals  long,  reaching  to  the  anal.  1». 
X,  10;  A.  Ill,  10  ;  scales,  6-42-15.     The  colors  are  described  below. 

The  cliain  sided  sunfish,  called  by  Prof.  Cope  the  chain  side,  is  one 
of  the  small  and  very  handsome  species  of  the  sunfisli  family.  It  does 
not  exceed  five  inches  in  length,  and  is  known  only  in  the  Ohio  valley, 
where  it  is  rare. 

This  species  is  easily  distingished  by  its  mottled  coloration,  the  chain 
like  bars  making  it  conspicuous.  It  is  not  a  food  fish  but  is  very  hardy 
and  active  and  consequently  desirable  for  the  aquarium.  Its  voracity  is 
said  to  be  remarkable. 


112 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


113 


The  sides  are  steel  blue  overlaid  with  bronze  orangre  spots  arranged 
so  as  to  form  chain-like  bars.  The  fins  are  mottled  with  bronze,  and 
fjenerally  with  a  pale  orangre  border.  The  sides  of  the  head  have  a  pur- 
plish tint. 

125.  liepomis  pallidus  (Mitchill). 

The  Blue  Suntlsh.  {Figure  62.) 
The  blue  suntish  has  a  deep,  elliptical  body,  its  greatest  depth  at  the  ventrals  one- 
lial  f  ol  the  total  length  without  the  caudal ;  the  thickness  equals  about  one-third  of  the 
depth.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  deep,  its  least  height  nearly  one-half 
length  of  head.  The  head  is  one-third  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal;  its 
width  equals  one-half  of  its  length.  The  snout  is  short,  obtuse  and  oblique,  les* 
ihatJ  the  eye  in  length.  Tlie  interorbital  space  isslightly  convex,  its  width  one-third 
of  tlio  length  of  the  head.  The  mouth  is  small,  oblique,  the  maxilla  not  greatly  ex- 
pandetl  behind,  reaching  to  below  the  front  of  tlie  eye.  The  width  of  the  preorbital 
equals  one-half  the  diameter  of  the  eye.  Scales  on  the  cheeks  in  five  rows.  The 
gill-rakers  are  short  and  stout,  about  fifteen  developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest 
little  more  tlian  one-fourth  as  long  as  tlie  eye.  No  supplemental  maxillary  bone. 
Nopaiatme  teeth.  Tlie  lower  pharyngeal  bone  narrow,  with  teeth  in  only  aboutfour 
series,  chiefly  acute.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  fourth  scale  of  the  lateral 
hue  :  the  spines  are  stout,  the  first  as  long  as  the  snout  and  one-half  as  long  as  the 
fifth  and  longest ;  the  spines  following  the  fifth  are  not  much  shorter.  The  first  seven 
soft  rays  are  about  equal  in  length  and  one-half  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  last  ray  is 
one-third  as  long  as  the  head.  The  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal  is  nearly  as  long  as 
the  head  :  the  soft  dorsal  is  two-thirds  as  longas  the  spinous.  The  anal  begins  under 
the  twentieth  scale  of  the  lateral  lino  ;  its  base  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the 
snout;  the  spines  are  short  and  heavy,  the  first  five-sixths  as  long  as  the  eye,  the 
second  a  little  longer  than  the  eye,  and  the  third  one-half  as  long  as  the  head  without 
the  snout ;  the  longest  rays  are  the  fourth  to  the  seventh,  which  are  one-half  as  long 
as  the  head.  The  caudal  is  notched,  its  middle  raysthree-fourthsaslongas  the  outer. 
The  ventral  reaches  almost  to  the  anal,  its  spine  being  one-half  as  long  as  the  head 
without  the  snout.  The  pectoral  is  broad  and  roaches  to  below  the  eighteenth  scale 
of  tlie  lateral  line.  The  lateral  line  follows  the  curve  of  the  back. 
D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  V.  I,  5;  P.  13;  scales  7-41-15. 

Ill  spirits  the  color  is  pale  brown,  the  scales  with  a  pale  margin.  A  large  dark 
blotch  on  the  hind  part  of  the  soft  dorsal.  A  black  opercular  fiap,  its  width  and 
length  about  equal,  shorter  than  the  eye.  The  living  fish  varies  with  ago  from  light 
green  to  dark  green.  The  young  have  the  sides  silvery,  tinged  with  purple  and  with 
many  vertical  greenish  bands,  which  are  sometimes  chain-like.  The  dark  blotch  oi 
the  soft  dorsal  is  often  indistinct  in  the  young.  In  very  old  individuals  the  belly  is 
often  coppery  red.  The  specimen  described,  No.  27,845,  United  States  National 
Mineum,  from  Peoria,  III.,  is  seven  and  one-half  inches  long. 

The  propriety  of  using  Mitchill's  name  paUidus  for  the  blue  sunfish 
is  extremely  doubtful.  His  description  can  be  much  more  readily  re- 
ferred to  a  species  of  Enneaca7ifhu8  and  the  locality  "near  New  York" 
probably  does  not  possess  this  sunfish  among  its  native  species. 

The  blue  sunfish,  blue  bream,  copper-nosed  bream  or  doUardee,  is  a 
very  widely  diffused  species  and  varies  greatly  in  size,  color  and  length 
of  the  ear  flap.  It  is  found  in  the  Great  Lakes  and  tliroughout  the  Mis- 
sissippi valley  to  Mexico  East  of  the  AUeghenies  it  ranges  from  Now 
Jersey  to  Florida.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  abundant  only  in  the  western 
part  of  the  state  including  Lake  Erie.  Dr.  Abbott  has  recorded  it  from 
the  Delaware  river. 


The  blue  sunfish  grows  to  a  length  of  nearly  one  foot  and  individuals 
weighing  nearly  two  pounds  are  on  record.  Adults,  however,  average 
eight  inches  in  length  with  a  weight  of  less  than  one  pound.  The  size 
of  the  individuals  depends  on  the  habitat.  In  large  lakes  and  streams 
it  grows  to  a  greater  size  than  in  small  bodies  of  water.  In  southern 
waters  it  attains  to  a  larger  size  than  in  northern  waters.  It  lives  in 
ponds  as  well  as  in  streams  and  thrives  in  warm  waters.  It  is  consid- 
ered equal  to  the  rock  bass  as  a  pan  fish  and  can  very  readily  be  taken 
by  hook  fishing. 

126.  Lepomis  auritus  Lixnk. 

The  Liong-eared  Sunfish.     (Figure  63.) 

The  long-eared  sunfish  has  an  oblong,  moderately  elongate  body,  its  depth  nearly 
one-half  of  the  length  without  the  caudal  and  its  thickness  a  little  more  than  one- 
third  of  its  depth.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  moderately  short,  its  least  depth  three- 
fourths  of  its  length  and  one-third  of  greatest  depth  of  body.  The  head  is  rather 
large,  its  length  without  the  flap  one-third  of  the  total  without  caudal ;  its  width  one- 
half  of  its  length.  The  space  between  the  eyes  is  convex,  its  width  a  little  more 
than  the  length  of  the  snout,  which  is  two-ninths  as  long  as  the  head  including  the 
flap.  The  upper  edge  of  the  snout  is  oblique.  The  eye  is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the 
head  without  the  flap.  The  mouth  is  moderate  in  size,  the  maxilla  not  very  broadly 
expanded  behind  and  extending  to  below  the  front  of  the  pupil.  The  scales  on  the 
cheeks  are  very  small,  in  about  eight  rows.  The  opercular  flap  is  long,  narrow  and 
pointed,  its  length  equal  to  that  of  the  snout  and  about  twice  its  widtli.  The  gill- 
rakers  are  short  and  stout,  about  eleven  developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest  one- 
third  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  sixth  scale  of  the  lateral 
line  ;  its  base  is  two-sevenths  of  total  length  without  <;audal.  The  first  spine  is  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  as  long  as  the  eye  ;  the  fourth  (longest)  is  one 
and  one-half  times  as  longas  the  eye;  after  the  fourth  the  spines  slightly  decrease 
in  length,  the  last  being  little  longer  than  the  eye.  The  fifth  (longest)  soft  ray  is  as 
long  as  the  base  of  the  soft  dorsal  and  equal  to  the  snout  and  eye  combined.  The 
last  soft  ray  is  a  little  more  than  one-half  as  long  as  the  longest  The  anal  begins 
under  the  twenty-first  scale  of  the  lateral  line ;  the  length  of  its  base  equals  that  of 
the  soft  dorsid  ;  the  spines  are  short  and  stout  The  first  two-thirds  as  long  as  the 
second  and  one-half  as  long  as  the  third,  which  is  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as 
the  eye;  the  fourth  (longest)  soft  ray  is  as  long  as  the  base  of  the  fin  ;  the  last  ray  is 
two-thirds  of  this  length.  The  caudal  is  emarginate,  the  middle  rays  two-thirds  as 
long  as  the  outer.  The  ventral  reaches  beyond  the  vent  sometimes  to  the  origin  of 
the  anal.  The  ventral  spine  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  fin.  The  pectoral  has  a  broad 
base  and  extends  to  below  the  nineteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line. 

D.  X,  10;  A.  Ill,  9;  V.  I,  5;  P.  14.  Scales  7-43-13.  The  Intend  line  follows  the 
curve  of  the  back. 

In  spirits  the  color  is  pale  brown  ;  the  fins  somewhat  paler;  the  ear  flap  black  ;  a 
brownish  streak  in  front  of  the  eye  and  another  horizontal  one  beneath  it 

In  life  the  color  is  olivaceous;  the  belly,  especialy  in  breeding  males,  orange. 
The  scales  on  the  sides  have  reddish  spots  on  a  bluish  ground.  Dorsal,  anal  and 
caudal  usually  yellowish.     The  stripes  on  the  head  are  bluish. 

The  specimen  described.  No.  33,152,  United  States  National  Museum,  from  Bain- 
bridge,  Pa.,  is  five  and  one-half  inches  long. 

The  long-eared  sunfish  has  a  very  extensive  range  and  is  known  under 
many  common  names,  among  which  are  the  following:  Bream,  red-tailed 
bream,  redhead  bream,  red-bellied  bream,  perch,  sun  perch,  red-bellied 
perch  and  red  breast. 
8  Fish. 


114 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


The  species  is  common  iu  streams  east  of  the  Alleg-heuiea  from  Maiuo 
to  Florida,  and  in  tributaries  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  Louisiana.  In 
the  southern  states  the  typical  long-eared  sunfish  is  replaced  by  a 
variety  with  larg-er  scales  on  the  cheeks  and  belly  and  a  dusky  blotch 
on  the  posterior  part  of  the  soft  dorsal  fin. 

Li  size  the  long-eared  sunfish  averages  about  eight  inches  when 
adult  and  weighs  about  one  pound.  In  the  South  the  size  and  number 
of  individuals  is  greatly  increased.  This  fish  feeds  upon  worms,  insect 
larva?,  crustaceans,  moUusks  and  small  fishes.  In  the  Susquehanna  this 
is  one  of  the  commonest  of  the  sunfishes,  in  the  Delaware,  also,  it  is  abund. 
ant  and  reaches  a  large  size.  Although  not  important  commercialh^  it  is 
taken  iu  large  numbers  on  the  hook  and  is  an  excellent  food  fisli.  It 
takes  any  kind  of  live  bait  very  readily  and  furnishes  good  sport  also 
with  the  artificial  fly. 


127.  Lepomis  megralotis  (Kakinesqite). 

The  Re<l-bellie<l  Bream.     {Figure  64.) 

The  red-hellied  bream  has  a  deep,  oblong  and  thin  body  ;  its  greatest  depth  i;t  the 
ventrals  one-halt  of  the  total  length  without  caudal ;  its  thicknessless  than  one-third 
•  if  its  depth.  The  caudal  peduncle  is  rather  short  and  deep,  its  least  depth  two- 
thirds  of  its  length  and  nearly  one-third  of  the  greatest  dei)th  of  botlj-.  The  head  is 
moderately  large,  its  length  without  flap  about  one-third  of  the  total  length  without 
caudal.  The  back  is  strongly  arched  in  front.  The  space  between  the  eyes  is  very 
slightly  convex,  its  width  greater  than  the  diameter  of  the  eye.  The  snout  is  mod- 
erately short  and  obtuse,  as  long  as  the  eye,  which  is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  lieatl 
without  the  flap,  or  one-ftfth  as  long  including  the  flap.  The  moutli  is  rather  small 
and  oblique,  the  lower  Jaw  very  slightly  projecting.  The  maxilla  is  not  very  broa<lly 
expanded  behind  ;  it  reaches  a  little  past  frontof  eye.  Scales  on  the  cheeks  in  five 
rows.  The  gill  rakers  are  short  anil  stout,  eleven  or  twelve  developed  on  the  first 
arch  the  longest  scarcely  one-third  the  diameter  of  the  eye.  The  dark  opercular  spot 
is  one  and  one-third  times  as  long  as  the  eye  ;  its  width  nearly  equals  the  diameter  of 
the  eye.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  fourth  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  its  base 
about  one-third  of  the  total  without  caudal ;  the  first  spine  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  the 
second,  and  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the  fourth  (longest),  which  is  as  long  as  the  lower 
Jaw  ;  the  fiflh  and  sixth  are  al>out  equal  to  the  fourth,  the  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth 
are  shorter,  and  the  tenth  is  a  little  longer  than  the  ninth  ;  the  sixth  and  longest  soft 
ray  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  hea«l,  including  the  llap,  and  the  last  ray  is  one-half  as 
long  as  the  sixth.  The  base  of  the  soft  dorsal  is  as  long  as  the  eye  and  snout  com- 
bined. The  anal  begins  un<ler  the  nineteenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  the  spines 
are  short  and  stout,  the  first  twf>-thirds  as  long  as  the  second  and  one-half  as  long  as 
the  third,  which  is  ono-third  as  long  as  the  head,  im;luding  the  flap.  Tlie  fourth  and 
fifth  soft  rays  are  longest,  one-half  as  long  -as  the  hea<l  ;  the  base  of  the  anal  equals 
one-half  of  the  depth  of  the  body.  The  ventral  reaches  to  the  se<'ond  anal  spine  ;  its 
spine  is  one-third  as  long  as  tlie  head  and  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  fin.  The  pec- 
toral reaches  to  above  the  first  anal  r.iy  and  below  the  twenty-third  scale  of  the  lateral 
line.  The  caudal  is  einarginate,  its  midclle  rays  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  outer. 
The  lateral  hue  follows  the  outline  of  tlie  back. 

D.  X,  11;  A.  Ill,  10;  V.  I,  5;  P.  1:5.     Scales  (}-42- 13. 

In  spirits  the  body  is  pale  brown  ;  the  fins  dusky  and  a  large  black  blotch  on  the 
hind  part  of  the  soft  dorsal  as  large  as  the  eye;  the  opercular  flap  is  black.  There  is 
also  a  faint  trace  of  a  dark  blotch  on  the  hind  part  of  the  anal.  In  life  the  adult  has 
a  red  or  pale  blue  margin  on  the  ojiercular  flap;  the  upper  i)arts  are  nuiinly  blue, 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


115 


g" 


the  belly  orange,  the  sides  spotted  with  orange  and  having  undulating  vertical  blue 
streaks.  The  lips  are  blue,  the  cheeks  orange,  striped  with  blue.  Iris  red.  Snout 
with  blue  streaks.  The  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  membranes  are  blue  on  theraysand 
orange  between  them. 

The  specimen  described.  No.  36,391,  United  States  National  Museum,  from  the  Po- 
teau  river,  Indian  Territory,  is  seven  inches  long. 

The  red-bellied  bream  or  long-eared  sunfish  is  very  abundant  in  the 
Ohio  valley  and  also  in  tributaries  of  Lake  Erie  and  Lake  Michigan. 
It  extends  west  to  Dakota,  south  to  South  Carolina  and  Mexico,  but  is 
absent  from  Atlantic  waters  of  the  northern  and  middle  states.  It  is 
especially  abundant  in  small  brooks.  The  species  grows  to  a  length  of 
eight  inches  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  sunfishes.  The  spe- 
cific name  is  derived  from  the  large  opercular  flap,  generally  spoken  of 
as  the  ear-flap. 

The  sides  are  blue  and  orange,  the  blue  occurring  in  undulatin„ 
streaks,  and  the  orange  in  spots.  There  are  distinct  blue  stripes  on  the 
head.  The  thin  membranes  are  generally  orange  and  the  rays  blue. 
This  fish  is  extremely  variable  and  has  been  described  under  about 
twenty  different  names.  According  to  Dr.  Jordan  it  avoids  muddy 
water  and  frequents  deep  still  places  in  rivers  and  clear  ponds.  It  nms 
into  very  small  streams.  The  red-bellied  bream  is  used  for  food  and 
takes  the  hook  very  freely. 

128.  Lepomis  gribbosus  Linnk. 

The  Coniniuii  SunflNli.      {Figure  05.) 

The  body  of  the  common  sunfish  Is  nearly  ovate,  its  depth  one-half  of  ihe  total 
length  without  caudal,  its  thickness  one-third  of  the  depth.     The  caudal  peduncle  is 
short  and  compressed,  its  least  depth  less  than  the  thickness  of  the  body.     The  head 
is  moderately  large,  one-third  of  the  total  length  without  caudal.     Its  width  one-ha'f 
of  its  length.     The  snout  is  short  and  depressed,  its  length  four-fifths  the  diameter 
ol  the  eye,  which  is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  head.     The  interorbital  space  is  nearly 
fiat.  Its  widtli  one  and  one-half  times  the  diameter  of  the  eve.     The  mouth  is  small 
and  oblique  ;  the  maxilla  not  much  expanded  behind  and  reaching  to  below  the  front 
of  the  eye.     Scales  on  the  cheeks  in  four  rows.     The  opercular  spot  is  short,  less 
than  two-thirds  the  diameter  of  the  eye,  and  has  a  whitish  margin  behind.     The  gil'- 
rakers  are  very  short,  motierately  stout,  ten  or  eleven  developed  on  the  first  an  h  •  the 
longest  less  than  one-fourth  the  diameter  of  the  eye.     The  spinous  dorsal  begins 
over  the  third  s<;ale  of  the  lateral  line ;  its  bas.-  is  as  long  as  the  hea<l  without  the 
opercular  fiap  ;  the  first  spine  is  two-thirds  as  longas  the  eye  ;  the  spines  increase  in 
size  ;  the  fourth,  filth  and  sixth  being  nearly  equal  in  length  and  about  as  long  a-*  the 
eye  and  snout  combined.     The  sixth  and  longest  soft  rav  is  as  h.ng  as  the  pos' orbi- 
tal part  of  the  head,  while  the  last  ray  is  less  than  one-third  as  long  as  the  head    The 
base  of  th.«  soft  dorsal  is  as  long  as  that  of  tlie  spinous  dorsal.     The  anal  origin  is 
under  the  twenty-thini  scale  of  the  lateral  line.     The  anal  base  is  two-thirds  as  Ion- 
as  the  head  ;  the  first  spine  is  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  third  (longest)    which  is 
two-filths  as  long  as  the  head.     The  first  and  second  ravs  are  the  longest,' n earl v  as 
long  as  the  base  of  the  fin.     The  last  ray  is  two-thirds  as  long  as  tlic  first      Tho  ven 
tral  reaches  beyond  the  vent ;  its  spine  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  lua.l  without  the 
snout.     The  pectoral  reaches  to  above  the  anal  origin.     The  caudal  is  emarginate  its 
middle  rays  four-tiniis  as  l<,ng  as  the  outer.     The  lateral  line  follows  the  curve  of  the 
back. 


116 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


D.  X,  12 ;  A.  Ill,  10 ;  V.  I,  6  ;  P.  14.     Scales  C-42-13. 

In  spirits  llie  color  is  palo  brownish,  Iho  opercular  flap  black  witli  a  narrow  whit- 
ish margin  behind  and  beneath,  and  the  dorsal  fin  with  faint  dusky  blotches.  la 
life  this  is  ono  of  the  most  brilliant  ot  sunfishes,  the  upper  part  I>eing  greenish  olive 
with  ii  bluish  tinge  ;  the  sides  profusely  spotted  witli  orange,  the  belly  and  lower 
fins  orange  and  the  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  bluisli  witJi  orange  spots.  The  cheeks  are 
orange,  with  undulating  blue  stripes ;  the  opercular  flap  is  black,  margined  be- 
hind and  underneath  v.ith  bright  scarlet 

The  specimen  described,  No.  20,304,  Uuited  States  National  Museum,  from  the 
Susquehanna  at  Havre  do  Grace,  is  nearly  six  inches  long. 

The  common  siuidsh  or  sunny,  pumpkin  seed,  bream,  tobacco  box, 
and  pond  suufish,  is  one  of  the  best  known  of  tlie  fishes  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. It  is  found  from  Maine  westward  througli  the  Great  Lake  region 
to  Minnesota  and  in  the  eastern  states  south  to  South  Carolina.  In 
western  rivers,  however,  it  is  seldom  found  south  of  the  latitudo  of 
Chicago.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  every  where  common,  reaching- its  great- 
est size  in  tidewater  where  it  forms  a  valuable  article  of  food.  It  grows 
to  a  length  of  eight  inches  and  a  weight  of  about  cue-half  pound.  Its 
food  is  similar  to  that  of  the  long-eared  sunfish  and  it  is  one  of  the 
readiest  biters  known  to  the  angler.  The  habits  of  this  fish  Lave  been 
described  by  Dr.  Theodore  Gill  and  Mr.  W.  P.  Seal.  The  latter  states 
that  the  male,  in  the  breeding  season,  is  readily  identified  by  his  brighter 
coloration,  conspicuous  oar  flaps  and  a  luminous  border  around  the  fins 
while  in  the  water.  Tho  nest  is  a  depression  in  the  mud,  sand  or  gravel, 
hollowed  out  by  means  of  tho  tins.  In  tho  Potomac  ho  found  a  number 
of  nests  which  were  located  from  a  few  inches  to  several  feet  apart.  The 
male  watches  the  nest  and  drives  away  all  intruders.  The  eggs  are 
only  about  one-thii-ty-second  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  not  very  numer- 
ous. They  are  attached  to  stones  and  aquatic  plants.  Mr.  Seal  has 
reason  to  believe  that  the  male  alone  is  <'oncerned  in  building  the  nest 
and  in  the  care  of  the  eggs  and  young. 


Genith  MICROPTERUS     LaciSpkde. 
129.  Micropterus  dolomieu    LACKPknic. 

The  SmalUiiioathod  Black  Bass.  {Figure  11.) 
Tho  small-mouthed  bass  dilfers  moHt  marketUy  from  tholargc-uiouthedln  liio  size 
of  its  jaws,  the  shallower  notch  in  the  dorsal  fin  and  the  smaller  scales.  There  are 
about  eleven  rows  of  scsiles  above  tho  lateral  lino  and  seven  below  it— 72  to  74  scales 
in  the  lateral  line.  The  ninth  spine  of  the  dorssil  is  longer  than  the  eye  and  fully 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  fifth  and  longest  spino ;  the  upper  jaw  extends  backward  to 
below  the  liind  margin  of  tlie  eye;  tho  body  is  ovatc-oblong  in  shape,  its  greatest 
depth  about  equal  to  length  of  the  head  and  one-third  of  the  total  without  caudal, 
becoming  deeper  with  age;  the  eye  is  loss  than  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  snout  and 
about  one-sixth  length  of  head ;  tho  pectoral  is  not  much  longer  than  the  ventral 
and  slightly  more  than  one-half  length  of  head;  the  soft  dorsal  and  anal  are  more 
scaly  at  the  base  than  in  the  large-mouthed  species;  the  scales  on  tlie  cheeks  aud 
breast  are  very  much  smaller  than  those  on  the  middle  of  the  sides.  D.  X,  1.V15; 
A.  TIT,  10. 

Theyoun^  are  dull,  yellowish-green,  tho  sides  mottled  with  (hirkor  spots  which 
soujctimes  form  short  vertical  bars;  three  dark  stripes  on  tlioheatl;  caudal  yellowish 


CD 


T-^ 

1^^: 


cn 

D3 
O 


i^   ..>. 


ra 


I 

w 
w 


...■o'-^ 

y?*'"^ 


U 


a 

en 
en 


f  J    ' 


yfi-v^'" 


>  hi. 


i 


lir, 


F/S//KS  or  rFXXsvLrjxfA. 


r>.  X,  ll!;  A.  Ill,  10;  V.  I.  a;  1'.  U.     Scales  ()-42-l:i. 

In  8i)irit.s  tho  color  is  palo  brownish,  Iho  opercular  flap  l»lack  with  a  narrow  whit- 
ish margin  behind  and  heneutli,  and  the  dorsal  lin  -vvilli  faint  dusky  I dotclies.  In 
life  this  is  ono  of  iho  most  l^rilliant  oi  sunlishes,  the  ui)per  part  lieing  greenish  olive 
with  a  liluish  lingo;  Iho  sides  profuse!  y  si)otted  witli  orange,  the  helly  ami  lower 
fnis  orungo  and  tlio  dorsal  and  caudal  lins  bluisli  witli  orango  spots.  Tliocheeksare 
orange,  with  undulating  hluo  Htrii>es  ;  tin'  opercular  llap  is  lilack,  margined  be- 
liindand  underneatli  v.ith  bright  Bcarlet. 

Tho  specimen  descril)cd,  No.  20,304,  Uuitud  States  National  Museum,  from  the 
Sus(jueluinna  at  Havre  do  (jlrae<\  i-<  i;ear!y  six  inches  long. 

The  common  siiiitisL  or  bumiy,  pumpkin  seeil,  bream,  tobacco  box, 
ami  ponil  suiitish,  is  ouo  of  the  best  kiioAvii  of  ihv  iishes  of  Pemisylva- 
iiia.  It  is  foinul  from  Maiue  westward  throii«-li  tlie  Great  Lake  region 
to  Minnesota  ami  in  the  i-astern  btatcs  south  to  Soutli  Carolina.  In 
western  rivers,  liowcver,  it  is  seldom  found  south  t)f  the  latitudo  of 
Chicago.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  everywhere  common,  reaching  its  {^-reat- 
est  size  in  tidewater  where  it  forms  ti  valuabh*  article  of  food.  It  •rrows 
to  a  length  of  eiiriit  inches  aiul  a  wei<rht  of  about  one-half  poimd.  Its 
food  is  simihir  to  tliat  of  the  louj^-eared  simtish  and  it  is  one  of  the 
readiest  biters  known  to  the  nnsler.  Tln'  lial^its  of  this  fish  have  been 
described  by  Dr.  Theodore  (iiil  and  Mr.  AV.  P.  Seal.  The  latter  states 
that  the  male,  in  the  breediiii:  season,  is  readily  identified  by  hisbrifrhter 
coloration,  conspicuous  ear  flaps  and  a  luminous  border  around  the;  fins 
while  in  the  water.  Tho  nest  is  a  de]iressiou  in  themud.sandor  j^ravel, 
hollowed  out  by  means  of  th--  fins.  In  tlu;  Potomac  ho  found  a  number 
of  ni'sts  which  were  locat'Ml  from  a  few  inches  to  stiveral  feet  apart.  The 
mal(!  watdies  the  nest  and  drives  away  all  intruders.  The  e^'-i^'s  are 
only  a])out  one-thirty-second  of  an  inch  in  diameter  and  not  very  numer- 
ous. They  are  attached  to  stones  and  a<piatic  ])lants.  Mr.  S<'al  has 
reason  to  believe  that  the  male  alone  is  eoncerned  in  building-  the  nest 
ami  in  tlie  care  of  the  e^t^s  and  yount;. 


(iKNts  MICROPTERUS     L 


A<M:pKnK. 


129.  Micropterus  dolomieu     I.Aei:fKi.F« 

Till'  Siiiull-iiioiiilieil  Iila«k  Ilass.      {Fitjurf  11.) 

Till-  smail-m«  ulhed  bass  diilers  most  ?iiarke<lly  from  llie  large-m<»ulheil  in  the  size 
of  its  jaws,  the  shallower  noteli  in  l!io  dorsal  lin  an<l  ll>e  smaller  scales.  There  are 
about  «'leven  rows  of  scales  al)ovo  tlio  lateral  line  and  seven  •)elow  it — 7li  to  74  scales 
in  the  lateral  line.  The  ninth  spine  of  tho  ilorsal  is  longer  t!ian  tlio  oyo  nnd  fully 
two-thirds  as  long  :is  tlic  linii  an<l  longest  si)ine  ;  the  upper  jaw  extends  backward  to 
below  till- Idml  margin  of  tiie  eye;  the  liody  is  o\ate-ohlong  in  shape,  its  greatest 
•  lepth  al«»ut  eijual  to  Icngtii  of  the  head  and  o!ie-third  of  tiie  total  without  caudal, 
becoming  ileeper  with  age;  the  oyo  is  less  Ihati  two-thirds  as  long  as  tho  snout  and 
about  one-sixth  Imgih  of  head:  tiie  pectoral  is  not  mudi  longer  than  the  ventral 
and  slightly  more  than  one-haif  1  ngth  of  head;  the  .soft  dorsal  atid  anal  are  more 
scaly  at  tlie  base  than  in  th«'  large-mouthed  species;  the  scales  on  the  cheiks  and 
I'least  are  v.i\  mii.li  ^mailer  than  those  on  the  middle  of  thesidj's.  I).  X.  l:{-15; 
.\.  Ill,  10. 

The  vouiil:  ;iif  dull.  _\.llowi>ii-i.;rccn.  tile  si. Ics  mottled   with    darker  spots  wiiich 
imetime-.  tonn  short  \ertieal  Lars;  three  dark  ■*tripi'«.  on  tiie  head;  caudal  yellowish 


M« 


t/O- 


-3 
33 
W 

LO 

k 

CZ! 

> 
en 

dd 
> 

CO 

en 


CO 


an 


2 

zn 

LO 

O 

< 

> 


w 

> 
2 


n3 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


at  the  base;  a  broad  black  band  near  middle  of  tall  and  a  broad  whitish  margin  be- 
hind. The  dark  lateral  band  characteristic  of  tho large-mouthed  species  is  not  found 
in  the  small-mouth.  In  the  adult  the  prevailing  color  is  olive-green,  the  stripes  on 
the  head  remaining  more  or  less  distinct. 

One  of  the  early  names  for  the  small-mouthed  black  bass  is  that  of 
growler,  which  appears  in  the  writings  of  Cuvier,  who  was  under  the 
impression  that  the  name  was  applied  because  of  a  noise  sometimes 
produced  by  this  bass.  At  the  time  of  his  writing-  the  name  growler 
was  pretty  generally  identified  "vvith  the  black  bass.  Among  the  names 
applied  to  this  fish  by  Eafinesque  are  lake  bass,  big  bass,  spotted  bass 
and  achigan.  Ho  also  mentions  it  under  the  names  painted  tail,  bridge 
perch,  yellow  bass,  gold  bass,  brown  bass,  dark  bass,  minny  bass,  little 
bass,  bog  bass,  yellow  perch,  black  jjerch,  trout  pearch,  black  pearch, 
streaked  bead,  white  trout  and  brown  trout.  In  the  southern  states  the 
small-mouthed  form  is  known  as  the  trout  perch  and  jumper.  In  Ala- 
bama it  is  called  mountain  trout.  Some  persons  style  it  the  bronze 
backer.  The  most  appropriate  name  and  the  one  by  which  it  is  best 
known  is  that  of  black  bass,  or  small-mouthed  black  bass. 

This  species  is  indigenous  to  tho  upper  parts  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
basin,  the  Great  Lake  region  and  the  basin  of  the  Mississippi.  East  of 
the  Alleghenies  it  is  native  to  tho  headwaters  of  the  Ocmulgee  and 
Ciiattahoocheo  rivers,  but  north  of  these  streams,  although  not  origi- 
nally an  inhabitant  of  the  waters,  it  has  been  widely  distributed  by  arti- 
ficial introduction.  In  Pennsylvania  tho  introduction  of  black  bass  at 
State  expense,  according  to  the  report  of  tho  commissioner,  dates  from 
October  2C,  1870,  as  ma}'  bo  seen  from  the  following  extract : 

*'On  October  2G,  1870.  the  fii-st  black  bass,  about  four  hunilred  and 
filty,  from  Harper's  Ferry,  wero  placed  in  tho  Delaware  just  below  the 
Lehigh  dam.  Tho  project  was  suggested  and  urged  by  the  late  Thad- 
deus  Korris,  and  tho  funds  for  the  purpose  wero  raised  by  him  and  by 
Howard  J.  Reeder,  Esq.,  and  G.  W.  Stout,  the  latter  raifiing  in  Eastou 
three  huntlrcd  and  thirteen  dollars  and  Mr.  Xon-is  alwut  one  thousand 
dollars  in  Philadelphia." 

In  tho  report  for  1878  is  to  be  found  the  following  account  of  the  suc- 
cess attending  the  eflforts  to  :icclimate  this  valuable  fish : 

"  It  is  to  bo  found  in  all  the  streams  of  any  size  and  is  making  its  way 
into  the  smaller  streams.  It  occupies  a  river  stretch  of  one  thousand 
miles,  and  is  estimated  to  he  worth  forty -five  thousand  dollars  a  year." 

This  bass  does  not  grow  so  large  as  the  large-mouthed,  seldom  ex- 
ceeding-eight pounds  in  weight,  and  averaging  but  two  and  one-half 
pounds.  A  fish  of  the  latter  weight  will  measure  fifteen  inches  in  length, 
while  one  of  eight  jjounds  would  measure  two  feet. 

The  food  of  the  black  bass  consists  of  crawfish,  frogs,  insects  and  their 
larva\  minnows  and  other  aquatic  animals  of  suitable  size.  The  young 
can  be  fed  on  small  fresh  water  crustaceans,  such  as  Dnpfmia  and 
Cf/cfopfi. 


118 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Among  the  successful  baits  for  this  species  are  stone  catfish,  heWa- 
mites  and  crickets. 

This  bass  prefers   rapid  water,  is   extremely  active,  and  frequents 

clear,  rapid  flowing:  streams  where  the  water  is  pure,  and  thrives  in 

greater  elevations  than  those  preferred  by  the  large-mouthed.  It  hiber- 
nates  m  tlie  wmt^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  .^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^ 

spring  It  follows  its  prey  into  shallow  water,  and  frequently  leaps  far 
out  of  the  water  in  its  efforts  to  escape  from  the  hook  or  when  fright- 
ened by  the  sudden  approach  of  an  enemy.  It  swims  in  schools,  and  is 
often  found  in  the  shelter  of  sunken  logs  and  in  the  vicinity  of  large 

The  spawning  season  begins  in  March  and  ends  in  July.     The  period 
of  incubation  lasts  from  seven  to  fourteen  days.     The  eggs  are  bound 
together  in  bands  or  ribbons  by  an  adhesive  substance.     They  adhere  to 
stones  on  which  they  are  deposited.     The  parent  fish  build  nests  and 
protect  the  eggs  and  young.     In  the  Delaware  the  current  is  more  rapid 
and  the  temperature  lower  than  in  the  Susquehanna,  hence  the  bass 
spawn  earlier  in  the  latter  than  in  the  Delaware.     The  spawning  fish 
have  nearly  allleft  their  spawning  beds  in  the  Susquehanna  early  in 
July,  but  at  this  time  most  of  the  nests  in  the  Delaware  are  still  full  of 
eggs.     By  some  writers  it  is  believed  that  the  female  prepares  the  nest 
before  the  male  joins  her.     The  males  fight  for  the  possession  of  the 
female  and  are  said  to  help  the  process  of  ejecting  the  eggs  by  biting 
or  pressing  the  belly  of  the  female.     After  the  eggs  are  deposited  thf 
female  guards  the  nest  from  the  attacks  of  the  crawfish  and  some  other 
enemies.     The  young  are  consumed  by  many  birds  and  by  frogs  and 
snakes  yet  notwithstanding  the  numerous  enemies  of  the  bla<;k  bass  its 
multiplication  has  been  rapid  and  enormous. 

130.  Micropterus  salmoides  (Lac.) 

The  LarKc-mouthed  Black  BasK.     ( Figure  w.) 
Tl.o  large-mouthed  blaok  hass  takes  its  common  name  from  the  nize  of  its  laws  • 
the   ower  jaw  projects  very  strongly  and  the  maxilla  in  the  adult  extends  ^^1* 
U.e  iwnd  n.arg  n  of  ,he  eye.     The  depth  of  the  body  is  about  one-third  ofth7to^ 
^  .thout  caudal,  and  does  not  equal  the  length  of  the  head.     The  eye  is  shorter  th^ 
ho  snout,  about  one-sixth  of  the  length  of  the  head.     The  pectoraHs  halJ  as  L"  a^^ 
the  load  much  longer  than  the  ventral.     The  spinous  dorsal  is  very  low   hs  n^nth 

R^t^of^:!;T         ''""r'^  '^^  ^-"^^'^  ^^^"'^  longest,  aLu^r-fo;; 

hlf        ,  .  "  ^*'^'^*''  ^'■'''^^  *'^"^'«  "'^  ^^t^*-"'  li"e.  l>eIow  sixteen  and  in 

n.  X,  13;  A.  in,  10-11. 

siJe''of'irmou;r''  "7\;'-"«*'"»"-"-«  '•-m  the  small-.nonthed  black  bass  bv  the 
8i^e  of  its  mouth  and  the  number  of  rows  of  scales  above  the  lateral  line  Th« 
.voung  of  the  sn.all-n.outhed  species,  also,  never  have  a  dark  lateral  band. 

Clommon  names  for  this  species  are  Oswego  bass,  river  bass,  green  bass 
moss  bass,  bayou  bass,  trout,  jumper,  chub  and  Welshman.  Througliout 
the  North  It  IS  generally  known  as  bass,  in  Virginia  and  North  Caro- 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


119 


liua  as  chub  and  in  Florida  and  west  to  Texas  as  trout.  The  aver- 
age weight  of  the  large-mouthed  bass  in  southern  waters  is  less  than 
five  pounds,  and  still  less  in  northern  waters.  In  Florida  it  attains  a 
large  size,  as  much  as  three  feet  in  length  and  a  weight  of  twenty-five 
pounds.  Its  growth  and  size  depend  upon  the  waters  Avhere  found,  the 
natural  food  supply  of  small  fish,  crawfish,  frogs,  etc. 

The  large-mouthed  bass  has  a  wide  distribution,  being  indigenous  to 
the  eastern  United  States,  from  Manitoba  to  Florida  and  Texas,  except 
New  England  and  the  Middle  Atlantic  states  east  of  the  AUeghenies, 
where  it  has  been  extensively  introduced.  It  inhabits  the  fresh  water 
ponds,  lakes  and  sluggish  streams.  It  is  found  also  at  the  mouths  of  rivers 
emptying  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  where  the  water  is  brackish.  It  is 
a  very  active  fish ;  its  movements  are  affected  by  seasonal  changes,  search 
for  food  and  places  of  spawning.  In  polluted  streams  the  bass  are  often 
compelled  by  the  impurities  to  seek  new  haunts  in  pure  water. 

The  young  bass  feed  upon  animal  food  at  an  early  age.  The  large- 
mouthed  bass  is  said  to  be  more  cannibalistic  than  the  small-mouthed. 
Small  fishes  (minnows)  of  all  kinds,  crawfish,  frogs,  insects  and  their 
larvae,  and  aquatic  animals  of  all  kinds,  suitable  in  size,  make  up  the 
diet  of  this  fish.  It  feeds  both  at  the  surface  and  on  the  bottom,  pur- 
suing its  prey  with  great  activity.  When  surrounded  by  seines  or 
caught  on  hooks  this  species  will  often  leap  five  or  six  feet  out  of  the 
water,  and  its  habit  of  jumping  over  the  cork  lines  of  seines  has  given 
it  the  name  of  "  jumper." 

In  cold  weather  the  bass  seeks  deep  places,  often  hibernating  under 
rocks,  sunken  logs  and  in  the  mud.  Favorite  localities  are  under  over- 
hanging and  brush-covered  banks,  in  the  summer,  and  among  aquatic 
plants  where  the  fish  lies  in  wait  for  its  prey.  Tlie  spawning  season  of 
the  large-mouthed  bass  is  about  the  same  as  that  of  the  small-mouthed 
species,  beginning  in  April  and  lasting  until  July.  Its  eggs  are  adhe- 
sive, sticking  to  stones  during  the  incubation  period,  which  lasts  from 
one  to  two  weeks  according  to  the  temperature  of  the  water.  The 
young  bass  remain  in  the  nest  a  week  or  ten  days,  and  at  the  ago  of  two 
weeks  will  measure  about  three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  length.  In  suita- 
ble waters  it  is  estimated  that  the  large-mouthed  bass  will  weigh  at  the 
age  of  three  years  ivoxn  two  pounds  to  four  pounds. 

Famii,v  PERCID.S  (The  Perches). 
Gext  s  ETHEOSTOMA  Rafixesqite. 


131.  Etheostoma  pellucida  Bairp. 

Tho  Hand  DartiT, 

Tlie  body  is  slender,  «  ylindriral  and  trauMlucent.  Its  «lepth  about  ono-seventh  of 
the  total  length  witliout  ciUidal.  The  length  of  head  two-ninths  of  the  total.  The 
niMxMla  reaches  aliout  to  tlie  eye,  which  is  hw^o,  and  placed  higli.     Intcrorbital  space 


120 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


121 


narrow,  grooved.    The  pectorals  extend  to  tips  of  ventrals  and  half  way  to  vent. 
Scales  on  the  cheeks,  gill-covers  and  temporal  region.     The  sides  of  the  body  with 
nearly  smooth  scales,  not  closely  placed  and  more  or  less  concealed  in  the  skin 
Scales  of  the  lateral  line  and  caudal  peduncle  more  developed  than  the  others   Space 
in  front  of  the  dorsal  thinly  scaled. 

D.  X,  10;  A.  1,8. 

Lateral  line  75-80;  six  scales  above  it.  The  scales  are  thin,  translucent,  finely 
punctulaled  with  black.  Bluish  blotches  along  the  back  and  the  lateral  line;  the 
median  series  united  by  a  gilt  line.    The  fins  are  pale. 

The  sand  darter  inhabits  the  Ohio  valley  and  a  portion  of  the  Missis- 
sippi valley.  It  runs  into  several  varieties  one  of  which  is  without 
scales  on  the- nape  and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  sides  except  on  the 
lateral  line.  Another  variety  from  southern  Illinois,  southward  and 
westward,  has  the  nape  more  or  less  closely  scaled,  the  scales  firmer  and 
rougher  than  in  the  typical  form  and  with  a  dark  bar  alonff  the  base  of 
the  soft  dorsal. 

The  species  was  first  described  by  Prof.  Baird  from  the  Ohio  valley 
It  reaches  a  lengrth  of  two  or  three  inches  and  is  abundant  in  clortr 
sandy  streams.     Its  habits  have  been  fully  described  in  the  American 
Naturalist,  February,  1887,  p.  86.     The  sand  darter  feeds  upon  insect 
larvae,  small  crustaceans  and  other  animals  of  suitable  size. 

132.  Etheostoma  olmstedi  Storer. 

The  Tessellated  Darter.     {Figure  67.) 

The  head  iscontained  four  and  one-fourth  times  in  total  length  ;  depthfive  and  one- 
fourth  tunes.  Tlie  cheeks  and  opercles  are  scaly ;  nape  and  breast  naked.  The  lai- 
eral  Ime  is  complete  with  about  fifty  scales. 

D.  IX,  14;  A.  1,9. 

The  color  is  olivaceous;  fins  with  many  narrow  bars;  the  back  tessellated;  sides 
with  blotches  and  zigzag  markings.  Head  in  spring  males  black,  a  dark  streak  for- 
ward from  the  eye  and  another  one  downward. 

The  common  darter  or  tessellated  darter  is  found  from  Massachusetts 
to  Georgia.  It  is  replaced  in  Cayuga  Lake  and  some  other  re-ions 
to  the  southward  by  a  black  spotted  variety,  which  differs  from  the 
common  form  still  further  in  having  the  nape  and  breast  closely  scaled 

This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  three  and  one-half  inches  and  is  a 
near  relative  of  the  Johnny  darter  {Boleomma  nigrum)  of  Ilafinesque 

This  darter  secretes  itself  on  the  bottom  in  small  clear  brooks  swim- 
ming rapidly  for  a  short  distance  when  alarmed.  The  sexes  are  very 
different  in  appearance,  the  males  having  higher  and  more  brightly 
colored  fins  than  the  females.  The  males  are  also  larger  than  the  females 
and  in  the  spring  are  much  spotted  with  black. 

133.  Etheostoma  nigrrum  Rafinesque. 

The  Johnny  Darter. 

This  is  one  of  the  small  species,  attainingalengthof  only  two  and  one-half  inches. 
It  18  found  on  the  bottom  in  clear  small  brooks,  where  it  lies  partly  concealed  by 
sand    and  changes  its  colors  according  to  its  surroun.lings.    The  bo.iy  is  slender 
spindle-shaped.     The  conical  head    is  contained   slightly   more  than   four  tunJ: 


and  the  depth  about  five  times,  in  the  total  length.  The  snout  is  somewhat  decurved. 
Mouth  small  and  the  lower  jaw  included  within  the  upper.  The  gill-covers  are 
scaly,  cheeks  naked  except  in  occasional  individuals,  and  the  napo  is  usually  scaled. 
The  fins  are  high,  but  lower  and  smaller  than  in  other  species  of  Boleosoma. 

Color  olivaceous ;  the  back  with  brown  tessellations ;  sides  with  many  w-shaped 
blotches.  The  head  is  speckled  al)ove  ;  in  males  generally  black.  In  the  breeding 
season  the  whole  anterior  portion  of  the  male  is  often  black.  A  dark  line  forward 
from  the  eye  and  sometimes  another  one  downward. 

The  Johnny  darter  ranges  from  western  Pennsylvania  to  Missouri  and 

Dakota.     In  the  Great  Lake  region  it  is  abundant  and  is  one  of  the 

commonest  darters  in  the  streams  of  Ohio.     It  does  not  occur  in  eastern 

Pennsylvania. 

134.  Etheostoma  eesopus  (Cc.pf). 

The  Spotted  Darter. 

[Bolrvsotna  cesopns  Cope,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Society,  1870,  p.  270.] 
'*The  dorsal  line  descends  regularly  from  the  base  of  the  first  dorsal  fin  to  between 
the  orbits,  and  then  curves  more  abruptly  to  the  mouth.  Mouth  terminal  ;  eye  four 
times  in  head,  once  in  advance  of  its  front  rim.  The  dorsal  line  descends  from  the 
first  dorsal  tin,  to  a  somewhat  contracted  caudal  peduncle.  Dorsal  fins  much  ele- 
vated, VII-14.  Pectorals  a  little  elongate,  not  reaching  vent,  but  little  exceeding  the 
very  moderate  ventrals.  A.  10.  Scales  5-47-8.  Color  light  brown,  with  six  small 
dark  dorsal  spots,  and  ten  similar  small  spotson  the  lateral  line.  A  black  bar  round 
muzzle,  and  one  below  eye. 

"Total  length,  26.6  lines;  of  tail,  4.3  lines;  of  pectoral  fin,  5.2  lines;  depth  at  first 
dorsal,  4.6  lines  ;  at  nape,  3.4  lines  ;  of  caudal  peduncle,  2.3  lines." 

The  form  of  this  fish  is  rather  that  of  a  Pcecilichthys,  while  the  absence 
of  spinous  anal  rays  is  peculiar  to  the  present  species.  From  the  number 
of  rays,  ten,  in  the  anal,  it  is  probable  that  the  missing  spinous  ray  is 
represented  by  the  first  cartilaginous  ray,  and  is  not  wanting.  In  gen- 
eral it  is  so  near  to  the  B.  olmstedi,  as  not  to  be  removed  from  the  genus. 

"  Found  in  the  Loyalsock  creek,  in  the  Allegheny  region,  in  Lycoming 
county,  Pennsylvania,  by  Aubrey  H.  Smith,  of  Philadelphia." 

This  is  a  little  species  and  has  received  no  common  name.  Dr.  Jordan 
thinks  it  may  be  identical  with  B.  effulgens  of  Girard,  which  grows  to  a 
length  of  two  and  one-half  inches,  and  that  this  again  may  be  only  a 
variety  of  the  Johnny  darter  {B.  nigrum.) 

The  species  was  orignally  described  by  Prof.  Cope  from  an  example 
two  and  one-fourth  inches  long  which  was  taken  in  Loyalsock  creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Allegheny  river.  No  other  specimens  of  the  species 
have  since  been  recorded. 

136.  Etheostoma  blennioides  Kafi.nesqite. 

The  Greeii-slded  Dart  it. 

The  body  is  stout  and  long ;  the  heail  ino<ierate  in  size,  its  length  contained  four 
and  one-half  times  in  the  total  and  slightly  exceeding  the  deptli  of  the  bo<iy.  Mouth 
small;  lower  jaw  included  within  the  upper.  The  eyes  are  large,  placed  high  and 
narrowly  separated  by  a  longUudinal  furrow.  The  scales  are  rather  small  except 
some  larger  ones  on  the  belly  which  are  not  shed.     The  cheeks  are  finely  scaled 


122 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


123 


and  the  gill-covers  have  large  scales.     The  nape  is  scaly,  but  the  breast  is  naked 
The  males  have  a  large  anal  papilla.     The  anal  spines  are  stout  and  the  caudal  fin  is 
notched.     Males  Jiave  the  lower  pectoral  rays  and  the  ventral  and  anal  rays  enlarged 
and  thickened. 

Color  olive-green  ;  the  upper  parts  tessellated  ;  the  sides  have  seven  or  eight  double 
cross  bars  each  forming  a  y-shaped  figure ;  these  bars  are  sometimes  joined  above  so 
as  to  form  an  undulating  lateral  band  and  are  clear  deep  green  in  life  and  the  sides 
are  speckled  with  orange.  There  is  a  dark  bar  from  eye  forward  and  another  down- 
ward,  besides  some  olive  stripes  on  the  head. 

The  spinous  dorsal  is  blue  above  with  a  pale  margin  and  dark  orange  brown  at 
base.     The  soft  dorsal  and  the  anal  are  deep  blue  green  tinged  with  red.     The  can- 
dal  IS  greenish  with  faint  bars.     Females  and  young  are  less  conspicuously  colored 
but  in  the  same  general  pattern. 

D.  XIII,  13  ;  A.  II,  8 ;  scales  65-78;  42  vertebrae. 

Tlie  ffieen-sided  darter  extends  from  Pennsylvania  westward  to  Kan. 
sas  and  south  to  Alabama.  It  ^rows  to  a  length  of  five  inches  and  is  a 
very  beautiful  species.  It  is  common  in  gravelly  streams  and  occurs 
only  in  clear  water.  Its  habits  are  similar  to  those  of  the  Johnny  darter, 
but  it  is  less  tenacious  of  life  than  that  species. 

136.  Etheostoma  caprodes  Rafinesque. 

The  Ijojic  I*erc-h.     {Pipurees.) 

Body  long,  moderately  compressed  ;  head  long,  with  pointed  snout ;  mouth  small, 
the  lower  jaw  not  reaching  near  to  tip  of  snout,  and  the  maxilla  not  extending  to 
the  front  of  the  eye.  The  head  forms  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without  the  cau- 
dal,  and  the  depth  about  one-sixth.  Scales  on  cheeks  and  gill-covers,  also  on  the 
space  before  the  first  dorsal;  breast  scaleless.  A  row  of  enlarged  pl'ates  o,"  the 
belly  which  are  sometimes  deciduous.  Fins  moderatelv  low  and  rather  lonir  D 
X\  ,  L) ;  A.  II,  9.     Lateral  line  with  92  scales. 

Color  greenish  yellow  ;  sides  with  about  fifteen  dark  cross-bands,  extending  from 
back  to  belly  ;  alternating  with  these  above  tha  lateral  line  are  fainter  bars  Fins 
barred.     A  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  caudal. 

The  log  perch,  ho^fish,  hog-molly,  rockfish  or  (trawl-a-bottom  is  found 
in  the  Great  Lake  regriou,  Quebec  and  the  eastern  states  south  to  Vir- 
ffinia,  also  in  the  Mississippi  valley  south  to  Alabama  and  Texas 

This  is  the  largest  of  the  darters,  reaching  a  length  of  eight  inches 
It  takes  the  hook  very  readily  and  in  many  respects  resembles  the 
perches. 

The  log  perch  is  found  in  rapid  streams  with  gravelly  or  rocky  bot- 
tom and  prefere  clear  waters. 

137.  Etheostoma  macrocephalum  ((We). 

Tho  LonK-heatled  Darter. 

thin  u'i'*(:^.f "'  '!**''"■  ','*'  *  ^"""^  ""'"'^  ''""^^''  '^*^^y'  ^'"^  ^*«P^''  ""t  '«"^'J«  greater 
•The M?,  r"^«'l"«'  /"  one-seventh  of  the  total  length  without  the  faudal. 

•The  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  .slender,  its  least  depth  equaling  one-half  of 
greatest  depth  of  b<,dy.  The  head  is  long,  its  width  and  heigh  abouf  onual  The 
snout  is  conical  and  longer  than  the  eye,  which  is  about  one-fifth  as  long  as  the 
head  and  nearly  twice  the  width  of  the  interorbital  space.  Th,.  eye  is  Sd  verv 
high  and  IS  obliquely  set.     The  mouth  is  large,  the  maxilla  reaching  ti  below  the 


I 


front  of  the  eye.     The  lower  jaw  is  slightly  the  longer.     The  cheeks  are  waleless  and 
the  opercle  is  described  as  without  scales,  but  the  example  before  me  has  several 
large  scales  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  subopercle.    The  opercular  spine  is  stout  and 
short;  the  exposed  tip  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  eye.   The  origin  of  the  spinous  dorsal  is 
over  the  eleventh  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  base  of  the  fin  is  nearly  as  long  as 
the  head  ;  the  spines  are  all  slender,  the  first  as  long  as  the  snout,  the  fourth  and 
longest  one-half  length  of  head  without  the  snout,  the  last  two-thirds  as  long  as  the 
eye.     The  interspace  between  the  spinous  and  soft  dorsals  is  shorter  than  the  eye. 
The  base  of  the  soft  dorsal  is  nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  fin  is  highest 
in  front,  the  third  ray  being  as  long  as  the  eye  and  snout  combined,  while  the  last 
ray  is  as  long  as  the  snout     The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  seventh  scale  of  the  lat- 
eral line  ;  the  fin  is  as  long  as  the  soft  dorsal  base.     The  anal  origin  is  under  the 
forty-sixth  scale  of  the  lateral  line  ;  the  anal  base  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head ;  the 
two  spines  are  about  equal  in  length,  the  first  as  long  as  the  snout ;  the  second  and 
longest  ray  is  as  long  as  tiie  eye  and  snout  combined  ;  the  last  ray  is  as  long  as  the 
snout     The  caudal  is  truncate,  the  middle  rays  as  long  as  the  snout  and  eye.     The 
pectoral  reaches  to  the  twenty-fifth  scale  of  the  lateral  line.     The  breast  and  the  edge 
of  the  abdomen  are  scaleless,  the  belly  shields  having  dropped  off.     The  lateral  line 
is  very  slightly  decurved.     D.  XV,  14;   A.  II,  11 ;    V.  I,  5;    P.  13 ;    scales   10-76-12. 
Gill-rakers  very  short,  stout,  about  nine  developed  on  the  first  arch.     In  spirits  the 
back  is  brown,  the  lower  parts  pale.     A  series  of  large  dusky  blotches  forming  an 
interrupted  median  band  on  the  sides.     A  dark  brown  streak  extending  downward 
and  forward  from  the  eye.     All  the  fins  more  or  less  barred.     In  life  the  dark  spots 
on  the  sides  are  more  conspicuous  and  there  is  an  undulating  whitish  band  from  the 
head  to  the  caudal  fin.     The  specimen  described,  No.  1164,  United  States  National 
Museum,  from  French  Creek,  Pa.,  is  four  inches  long. 

The  long-headed  darter  inhabits  the  headwaters  of  the  Ohio  river  in 
Pennsylvania.     It  grows  to  a  length  of  three  inches. 

This  darter  was  originally  described  from  the  Ohio  valley  in  western 
Pennsylvania. 

138.  Etheostoma  peltatum  Stauffer. 

Tho  Shielded  Darter. 

Body  moderately  stout;  head  one-fourth  of  total  length;  depth  of  body  about  one- 
fifth;  muzzle  blunt;  scales  wanting  on  cheeks,  nape  and  breast;  upper  part  of  the 
gill-covers  scaly;  lower  part  naked;  seven  rows  of  s«rales  above  lateral  line,  nine 
below  and  fifty-three  in  the  lateral  line. 

D.  XIII  or  XIV,  12-13  ;  A.  II,  8  or  9  ;  color  olive.  There  are  short  bars  across  the 
bacK  and  the  sides  have  broad,  brownish  shades.  On  the  neck  and  oj^ercle  there  is 
a  dark  ])lotch;  bars  present  on  the  snout  and  the  space  below  the  eye.  The  fins  are 
barred  and  the  spinous  dorsjil  has  a  black  band. 

Tlie  shielded  darter  (from  the  enlarged  shield-like  scales  on  the  belly) 
was  originally  found  by  Jacob  StauflFer  in  Conestoga  creek,  Lancaster 
county.  Its  range  is  now  known  to  extend  to  South  Carolina,  east  of 
the  AUeghenies. 

The  species  grows  to  a  length  of  four  inches. 

139.  Etheostoma  aspro  Cope  and  Jordan. 

The  Black-Hlde»l  Darter 

The  head  is  long  and  pointed,  one-fourth  of  total  length;  the  depth  about  one- 
fifth;  thc>  maxilla  extends  to  past  front  of  eye;  the  lower  jaw  is  included;  the  body 
is  spindle-shaped,  compressed   behind,  moderately  elongate;  eye  4  in   head,  about 


124 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


equal  to  snout.  The  breast  is  naked,  the  nape  scaled  or  naked;  gill-.;r, vers  with 
larger  scales;  cheek  with  very  small  scales,  sometimes  hardly  visible;  scales  on  the 
body  small  and  rough,  9  above  the  lateral  line,  17  below,  and  65  from  head  to  caudal 
base;  lateral  line  straight,  extending  forward  to  the  eye. 

The  sides  are  straw-colored  or  greenish-yellow,  with  dark  tessellations  and  mar- 
blings  above,  and  with  about  seven  large  dark  blotches  which  are  partly  confluent; 
the  fins  are  barred,  and  there  is  a  small  spot  at  the  base  of  the  caudal;  on  the  belly 
there  is  a  series  of  plates  along  the  median  line  which  are  shed  at  certain  seasons. 

The  black-sided  darter  or  blenny  darter  is  found  from  western  Penn. 
sylvania  to  Dakota  and  Arkansas.  In  Pennsylvania  it  is  found  only  in 
tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  It  jsrrows  to  a  length  of  four  inches,  and  is 
among:  the  most  beautiful  of  the  darters.  It  prefers  clear  streams  with 
grravelly  bottoms,  and  is  more  active  in  its  habits  than  most  of  the  other 
species,  not  concealing  itself  so  closely  under  stones.  It  is  admirably 
adapted  for  life  in  the  aquarium. 


RTLAND. 


140.  Etheostoma  variatum  Ki 

The  Variegated  Darter. 

The  body  is  stout,  the  head  short  and  heavy;  snout  blunt;  the  eye  large,  nearly 
one-fourth  length  of  the  head,  which  is  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  length  with- 
out caudal;  the  depth  about  one-fifth;  the  upper  jaw  reaches  to  the  front  of  the  eye; 
the  top  of  the  head  is  rough,  the  head  nearly  scaleless;  scales  on  the  throat  and  nape- 
scales  of  the  body  large,  in  51  rows  from  head  to  tail,  8  above  and  9  below  the  lateral 
line.     D.  XIII,  13;  A.  II,  9. 

The  male  is  greenish,  finely  speckled  with  dusky  spots;  five  orange  bands  on  the 
lunder  portion  of  the  body;  lower  parts  orange;  a  dark  blue  band  on  the  spinous 
«lorsal;  tlie  soft  dorsal,  pectoral  and  anal  Ijluiah  black,  with  orange  reflections.  The 
female  is  less  brilliantly  colored  than  the  male. 

The  variegated  darter  is  known  only  from  the  Ohio  valley,  and  is  not 
<-omraon.     It  grows  to  a  length  of  four  inches. 

141.  Etheostoma  zonale  Cope. 

The  Zoned  Darter. 

The  body  is  slender  and  moderately  compressed;  the  head  rather  small,  its  length 
slightly  less  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  without  caudal;  the  depth  equals  one-filth 
ol  the  total;  the  snout  is  blunt  and  rounded;  scales  on  the  cheeks  and  gill-covers, 
also  on  the  chest  except  in  variety  arcannanuin  :  the  teeth  are  weak  and  the  dorsal 
fins  separated  by  an  interspace;  the  spinous  dorsal  is  longer  and  lower  than  the  soft 
tlorsal;  the  caudal  is  notched. 

D.  XI,  12;  A.  II,  7.  From  43  to  50  scales  in  the  lateral  line,  6  rows  above  it  and  12 
below. 

Color  olivaceous,  lower  parts  golden;  on  the  back  are  six  dark  brown  quadrate 
spots;  a  brown  lateral  band,  from  which  spots  extend  upward,  alternating  with 
those  on  the  back,  and  eight  narrow  bands  of  dark  bluish  pass  downward  almost 
meeting  around  the  belly;  a  crimson  band  on  the  middle  of  the  spinous  dorsal  and 
crimson  spots  in  a  series  on  the  base  of  the  soft  dorsal;  a  black  spot  on  the  top  of  the 
head,  one  at  base  of  pectorals  and  on  the  operculum;  pectoral,  anal  and  caudal  golden 
with  brown  spots:  a  dark  bar  from  eye  downward  and  forward.  The  female  is 
plainer  with  barred  ventrals. 

Tlie  zoned  darter  ranges  from  western  Pennsylvania  through  the 
Ohio  valley  and  a  portion  of  the  Mississippi  valley.     Its  western  limit. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


125 


according  to  Dr.  Jordan,  is  Kansas.  It  is  found  in  clear  streams,  reaches 
a  length  of  about  two  and  one-half  inches,  and  varies  considerably  with 
locality.  One  of  its  varieties,  arcansanuin,  differs  from  the  typical 
zoned  darter  in  having  the  breast  naked. 

142.  Etheostoma  maculatum  Kirtland. 

The  Trout  Darter. 

The  body  is  somewhat  elongate,  deep  and  compressed;  the  long  head  equals  one- 
fourth  of  the  total  length  without  caudal;  the  depth  about  one-fifth;  the  eye  is  large, 
mouth  moderately  large  with  equal  jaws,  the  maxillary  reaching  to  the  front  of  the 
eye;  the  dorsal  fin  is  high,  its  longest  rays  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  tail. 

D.  XII,  12-13 ;  A.  II,  8-9.    Lateral  line  58-60 ;  9  scales  above  and  10  below. 

Color  dark  olive,  with  an  undulating  light  brown  band  on  the  back;  throat  blue; 
large  crimson  spots  on  the  back  and  sides ;  a  black  spot  anteriorly  on  the  base  of  the 
spinous  dorsal ;  the  soft  dorsal  red ;  two  carmine  spots  at  the  base  of  the  caudal.  The 
female  plain,  with  ppeckled  fins  but  lacking  red  markings. 

The  trout  darter  was  originally  described  from  the  Mahoning  river, 
Ohio.  Its  range  is  now  known  to  extend  from  western  Pennsylvania  to 
eastern  Tennessee.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  inches 
and  is  a  species  of  surpassing  beauty. 

143.  Etheostoma  flabellare  liAFiNEsguE. 

The  Fan-tall  Darter. 

Body  slender,  elongate ;  head  long,  lower  jaw  strongly  projecting.  The  species  is 
readily  recognized  ])y  its  low  fins,  especially  the  spinous  dorsal,  and  its  prominent 
lower  jaw.  It  runs,  however,  into  several  varieties  one  of  which,  o«rcurring  in 
Indiana  and  northwestward,  has  black  spots  on  the  scales  forming  lateral  stripes; 
another  variety  from  the  Cumberland  river  is  distinguished  by  its  thick  jaw  and 
nearly  plain  coloration.  In  the  male  the  spinous  dorsal  is  one-half  as  high  as  the 
soft  dorsal.  The  female  has  higher  spines  than  the  male  ;  the  spines  have  fleshy 
tips.  No  scales  on  nape,  head  and  breast  A  large  black  humeral  scale.  The 
length  of  the  head  equals  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without  caudal  and  the  depth 

one-fifth. 
D.  VIII,  12;  A.  II,  8.     Scales  7-50-7.     The  lateral  line  ends  at  the  middle  of  the 

length. 

The  general  color  is  olivaceous,  the  upi>er  parts  dusky.  The  sides  with  dark 
streaks  formed  by  the  spots  at  the  base  of  the  scales.  The  males  have  dusky  cross 
bars ;  the  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  barred.  The  spinous  dorsal  of  the  male  has  an 
orange  margin. 

The  fan-tail  darter  is  found  from  western  New  York  to  North  Carolina, 
and  in  the  Ohio  valley.  It  grows  to  a  length  of  two  and  one-half  inches 
and  abounds  in  clear  rocky  streams.  It  is  very  active  and  tenacious  of 
life  and  is  an  excellent  species  for  the  aquarium. 

144.  Etheostoma  cceruleum  Storer. 

The  Blue  Darter. 

Body  short,  comparatively  stout.  Head  large  ;  mouth  moderately  large,  with  the 
lower  jaw  included  within  the  upper.  The  maxilla  extends  to  the  front  of  tiie  eye. 
The  head  is  contained  three  and  three-fourths  times  in  the  total  length  without  the 
tail,  and  the  depth  four  and  one-fourth  times. 


126 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


D.  X,  12 ;  A.  II,  7.  Five  rows  of  scales  above  the  lateral  line,  eight  below,  and  forty- 
five  between  the  head  and  tail.     Nape  and  breast  generally  scaleless. 

The  body  of  the  male  is  olivaceous  with  darker  blotches  on  the  back.  Twelve  bars 
of  indigo  blue  running  obliquely  downward  and  backward  across  the  sides.  The 
spaces  between  the  bars  are  orange  as  are  the  throat,  breast  and  cheeks.  The  base  of 
the  spinous  dorsal  is  crimson,  surmounted  by  orange  and  margined  with  blue.  The 
soft  dorsal  is  orange,  the  base  and  margin  blue.  In  the  female  the  blue  and  orange 
colors  are  chiefly  wanting  and  the  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  are  checked  or  barred. 

The  blue  darter,  blue  Johnny,  rainbow  darter  and  soldier  fish,  is  found 
in  the  Ohio  valley  and  in  some  parts  of  the  Mississippi  valley.  In 
Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to  the  western  portion  of  the  state,  in  the  Ohio 
and  its  tributaries.  It  reaches  a  length  of  two  to  three  inches  and  is 
one  of  the  most  brilliantly  colored  of  all  the  darters.  It  frequents 
gravelly  bottoms  in  deeper  parts  of  streams  and  is  not  common  in  small 
brooks.  The  blue  darter  is  not  so  active  as  some  of  the  other  members 
of  its  family,  but  in  coloration  it  is  the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  darters. 

Genus  PBRCA  (Artedi)  Lixxk. 
145.  Perca  flavescens  (Mitchill). 

The  Tel  low  Perch.     (Fi;/ure  Jj.) 

The  yellow  perch  has  a  fusiform  and  moilerately  elongate  body,  its  greatest  height 
at  the  ventral  origin  two-sevenths  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal  and  nearly 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  head.    The  least  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  one- 
third  length  of  head.    The  greatest  width  of  the  body  equals  one-half  its  greatest 
height.     The  head  is  moderately  large,  its  length  contained  three  and  one-fourth 
times  in  the  standard,  with  pointed  snout,  one  and  one-third  limes  as  long  as  the  eve. 
The  interorbital  region  is  flat,  its  width  one  and  one-half  times  the  diameter  of  the 
eye.    The  mouth  is  rather  large,  the  jaws  ecjual,  and  the  maxilla  rear^hing  to  below 
middle  of  pupil.     The  preopercle  is  coarsely  dpntate  on  its  hind  margin,  the  teeth 
on  the  superior  border  directed  partly  upward  and  partly  backward,  those  on  the 
lower  limb  pointingdownward  and  some  of  them  forward.    The  scapulaand  humerus 
are  finely  serrate.     Scales  on  the  clieeks  in  about  thirteen  rows  from  l>efore  back  ward. 
A  single  row  or  two  imperfect  rows  of  scales  on  the  subopercle.     Four  short  rows  of 
scales  on  the  upper  anterior  part  of  the  opercle.     GiM-rakors  six    u  fourteen,  the 
longest  one-half  as  long  as  the  eye.     The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  base  of  the 
pectoral ;  the  first  spine  is  one-third  as  long  as  the  hea.i  to  the  end  of  the  opercular 
spine;  the  fourth  and  longest  spine  is  as  long  as  the  eye  and  snout  combined  ;  the 
last  spine  is  minute  and  concealed  in  the  dorsal  furrow.     The  soft  dorsal  in  the 
specimen  described  is  preceded  by  two  .spines,  the  first  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eve 
and  one-half  as  long  as  the  second.    The  longest  ray  is  as  long  as  the  longest  spine, 
and  twice  as  long  as  the  last  ray.    The  ventral  origin  is  un<ler  the  fourth  spine  of  the 
dorsal ;  tlie  fin  ecjuals  one-fifth  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.     The  anal 
origin  is  under  the  fourtli  or  filth  soft  dorsal  ray.     The  first  anal  spine  is  one-third 
as  long  as  the  head  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  second.     The  last  anal  ray  is  less  than 
one-half  as  long  as  the  longest,  which  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head.     The  caudal  is 
notched,  the  middle  rays  contained  one  and  one-third  times  in  the  length  of  the 
outer  rays.    The  pectoral  is  as  long  as  the  ventral.     D.  XV,  II,  13;  A.  II,  8 ;  V.  I,  .^; 
P.  15;  scales  7-57-13.    The  lateral  line  curves  upwani  in  a  long  curve  following  the 
dorsal  outline  until  below  the  end  of  the  soft  dorsal  where  it  becomes  straight  and 
median.     Color  olivaceous  varying  into  greenish  or  bluish,  the  sides  yellow  with 
about  six  to  eight  dark  bands,  the  widest  wider  than  the  eye  is  long.  ^  The  upper 
fins  are  olivaceous,  the  lower  orange  and  rosy.     The  specimen  descril)ed.  No.  22,862 
United  States  National  >ruseum.  from  Washington,  D.  C,  is  nine  inches  long.     '      ' 


^ 


-»1 

t— •  ■ 

CD 


ro 


CD 


CI 

PC 


►Td 

CD 


(N9 


cn 

LG 
CD 

LG 

< 

> 

I 

txi 

hi 
> 


IX) 


126 


F/SHES  OF  FEXXSyrj'AXIA. 


I>.  X,  VI;  A.  11,7,  Five  rows  of  scales  above  the  lateral  line,  eight  helc)\v,aii»nV)rty- 
tive  between  the  head  and  tail.     Nape  and  breast  generally  scaleless. 

The  body  of  the  male  is  olivaceous  with  darker  blotches  on  the  i)a<-k.  Twelve  l)ars 
of  indigo  blue  running  obliquely  downward  and  backward  across  the  sides.  The 
spaces  between  the  bars  are  orange  as  are  the  throat,  breast  and  cheeks.  The  base  of 
llie  spinous  dorsal  is  crimson,  surmounted  by  orange  and  margined  with  blue.  The 
soft  dorsal  is  orange,  tlie  base  and  margin  idue.  In  tlie  female  the  i>lue  and  orange 
colors  are  .hielly  wanting  and  the  dorsal,  anal  and  «-au«ial  are  checketl  or  barred. 

The  l.lue  darter,  blue  Jolmiiy,  rainbow  darter  aud  soldier  fish,  is  found 
ill  the  Ohio  valley  aud  in  some  parts  of  the  Mississippi  valley,  [n 
Pennsylvania  it  is  limited  to  the  western  portion  of  the  state,  in  theOiiio 
and  its  tributaries.  It  reaches  a  leng-th  of  two  to  three  inches  and  is 
<me  of  the  most  brilliantly  colored  of  all  the  darters.  It  frequ(»nts 
^•ravelly  bottoms  in  deeper  i)arts  of  streams  and  is  not  comnton  in  small 
brooks.  Th«i  l)lue  darter  is  not  so  active  as  some  of  the  otlu'r  members 
of  its  family,  but  in  coloration  it  is  the  most  beautiful  (if  all  the  dartej-s, 

Gent-s  PERCA   (Aktei.i)   Liwi:. 
145.  Perca  flavescens  ( .MiTnuLi.). 

The  Yellow   I'eith,      {  Fi;i>' r>    I .:  ) 

Tlie  yellow  pereli  lias  a  lusitorni  and  moderately  elongate  bodv,  its  greatest  height 
at  the  ventral  origin  twc^sevenths  of  the  total  length  without  the  <audal  and  n.arly 
equal  totheh-ngth  (.f  the  head.  The  least  depth  <.f  the  caudal  peduncle  equals  one- 
third  length  of  head.  The  greatest  width  of  the  body  equals  one-half  its  greatest 
height.  The  head  is  moderately  large,  its  length  c(.ntained  three  and  one-fourth 
times  in  the  standard,  with  pointed  snout,  one  and  one-third  times  as  long  as  the. -ve. 
The  interorbital  region  is  flat,  its  width  one  and  one-half  times  the  diameter  of  the 
eye.  The  mouth  is  rather  large,  the  jaws  equal,  and  the  ma.xilla  reaching  to  below 
middle  of  jMipil,  The  i»reoperele  is  <-oarsely  dentate  on  its  hind  margin,  the  teeth 
on  the  superior  border  directed  partly  upward  :ind  i)arlly  ba<kward,  those  on  the 
lowerlimlipointingdownward  and  some  of  them  forward.  The  s.-apulaand  humerus 
are  linely  serrate.  Scalesoii  the  cheeks  in  about  thirteen  rows  from  before  backward. 
A  single  row  or  two  imperfect  rows  of  scales  on  the  subopenUe,  Four  short  rows  of 
scales  on  the  upper  anterior  part  of  the  opercle.  (iill-rakers  six  fourteen,  the 
longest  one-half  as  long  as  the  eye.  The  spinous  dorsal  begins  over  the  base  of  the 
pe.'toral  :  the  lirst  spine  is  one-thir.J  as  long  as  the  head  to  the  end  of  the  ..percular 
spine,  the  fourth  and  b.ngest  spine  is  as  long  as  the  eye  and  .snout  c«)mbined  ;  the 
last  spine  is  minute  aud  concealed  in  the  dorsal   furrow.     The  soft  dorsal   in  the 

specimen  descriiied  is  preceded  by  two  spines,  the  lirst  two-thirds  as  long  as  tl ve 

and  one-half  as  long  as  the  seeon.l.  The  I.Migesi  ray  is  as  b.ng  as  tlu'  b.ngest  spine, 
and  twice  as  long  as  the  hist  ray.  The  ventral  origin  is  under  the  fourth  spine  of  the 
dorsal;  the  lin  e.|uais  one-liflh  of  the  total  length  without  the  caudal.  The  anal 
origin  is  uud;  r  the  fourth  or  tilth  soft  dorsal  ray.  The  lirst  anal  spine  is  one-tliini 
as  long  as  the  head  ami  nearly  as  long  as  the  secoml.  The  la.st  anal  rav  is  bss  than 
one-half  as  long  as  the  lonuest.  which  is  one-half  :is  long  as  the  hea«l.  The  caudal  is 
not<-hed,  the  middle  rays  contain. "d  one  an. I  on. -third  liui.'s  in  the  length  ..f' th.- 
outer  rays.  The  pe.'t..ral  is  as  long  as  the  ventral.  1).  W.  II,  i;{;  A.  If,  S-  V.  T  .-.• 
r.  l.'i:  scales 7-r.7-l.'i.  Th.'  lat.ial  lin.Mnirves  np«ar.l  in  a  long  curve  lollowiir- tlu- 
dorsal  .Mitline  until  b.low  th.'  cud  ..f  tin-  s.)ft  .lorsal  when-  it  be.-funes  straighTan.l 
median.  <'olor  olivaceous  \aryitig  into  gre.-nish  .>r  bluish,  th.'  sides  v.'lL.w  with 
alx.ut  six  to.-ight  dark  bands,  tlie  \\  i.lest  wider  than  tlie  eye  is  long. "  The  upp.-r 
lins  are  olivaceous,  the  lower  ..rang.-  and  rosy.  Tlw  speeim.'ii  describ.'d.  No.  2l'.sti2. 
("nited  states  National  Miis.iiiii.  from  Washington.  D.  ('..  is  uiu,.  in.-hes  lonir. 


-d 


c\o 


*-r| 


o 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


1 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


127 


The  yellow  perch,  ringed  perch  or  striped  perch  is  found  throughout 
the  Great  Lake  region,  rivers  and  ponds  of  New  England  and  north- 
westward, and  in  streams  east  of  the  Alleghenies  south  to  Georgia.  It 
does  not  occur  in  the  Ohio  valley  or  southwest. 

The  species  reaches  a  length  of  one  foot  and  weight  of  two  pounds. 
It  is  one  of  the  best  known  of  our  food  fishes  and  has  excellent  game 
qualities.  Its  flesh,  however,  is  rather  soft  and  coarse  and  is  far  inferior 
to  that  of  the  black  bass  and  other  members  of  the  sunfish  family. 
It  is  a  voracious  feeder,  its  food  consisting  of  small  fishes,  crustaceans 
and  other  animal  matter. 

The  yellow  perch  spawns  early  in  the  spring.     The  eggs  are  adhesive 
and  enclosed  in  thin  translucent  strips  of  adhesive  mucus.     The  spawn- 
ing of  this  species  was  described  by  Mr.  Wm.  P.  Seal,  in  Forest  and 
Stream  of  April  17, 1890.     The  spawning  season  extends  from  December 
to  April.     Mr.  Seal  describes  the  egg  mass  as  having  the  shape  of  a 
long  tube,  closed  at  the  ends  and  arranged  in  folds  like  the  bellows  of 
an  accordion.     When  folded  the  mass  was  about  eight  to  twelve  inches 
long,  but  was  capable  of  being  cb-awn  out  to  a  length  of  three  or  four  feet. 
Spawning  in  the  aquarium  took  place  at  night  and  was  observed  by 
Mr.  Wm.  Maynard,  who  describes  it  as  follows:  "The  female  remained 
quiet  in  one  spot  on  the  bottom  of  one  of  the  hatching  aquaria  tanks,  one 
or  more  of  the  males  hovering  over  and  about  her  with  pectoral  fins  vibrat- 
ing with  intense  activity.     The  males  would  at  times  lie  close  alongside 
of  her  and  at  other  times  endeavor  to  force  themselves  under  her  with  the 
evident  intention  of  assisting  in  the  extrusion  of  the  eggs."    Mr.  Seal 
remarks  that  "the  roe  when  taken  from  the  deati  fish  not  yet  ripe  is  in 
a  single  compact  mass,  covered  by  a  thin  membrane;  but  in  spawning 
the  mass  separates,  one  side  being  spawned  before  the  other."    This 
was  noticed  in  a  specimen  which  ha^l  spawned  one  side  and  appeared 
to  be  unable  to  get  rid  of  the  other.     It  was  stripped  from  her  and  arti- 
ficially fertilized  successfully.     Mr.  Seal  believes  that  the  yellow  perch 
spawns  at  the  age  of  one  year. 


(tends  STIZOSTEDION  Kafinesqdi. 
146.  Stizostedion  vitreum  (Mitchill). 

The  Piko  Perch.     (Fu/are  IJ.) 

Tliepike-perch  belongs  t<.thesubffenus.V^^o.,/r,/io»,  which  hsw  b.on  .listiniriiishod 
from  the  saugers  by  the  structure  of  its  pyloric  ca-ca,  which  are  three  in  number 
nearly  equal  in  size,  and  about  as  long  as  the  stomach,  and  also  by  the  presence  of 
twenty-one  soft  rays  in  the  second  dorsal,  while  the  saugers  have  eighteen.  It  may 
be  remarked  that  all  of  these  characters  are  more  or  less  variable.  The  S  vitreum 
has  tlie  body  long  and  moderately  deep,  its  depth  varying  with  age  and  equaling 
from  one-sixth  to  one-fourth  of  the  total  length  without  caudal;  the  length  of  the 
head  is  contained  in  the  same  standard  four  and  two-thirds  times;  the  eye  is  mod- 
erate, about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  snout  and  a  little  more  than  one-sixth  of  the 
length  of  the  head;  the  lower  jaw  proje<.ts  slightly;  the  maxilla  reaches  h,  bevond 


128 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYr.VANIA. 


the  pupil;  the  cheeks  and  opercles  are  more  scaly  than  in  the  saugers;  the  soft  dor- 
sal  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  spinous;  length  of  longest  dorsal  spine  about  half  length 
of  head.  D.  XIII,  I,  21;  A.  II,  12  to  13;  about  90  scales  in  lateral  line,  10  above  and 
19  below;  the  pectoral  reaches  to  below  the  tenth  spine  of  the  dorsal;  it  is  as  long  as 
the  ventral  and  one-half  length  of  head:  the  vent  is  under  the  flfth  ray  of  the  second 
dorsal. 

Color  olivaceous,  mingled  with  brassy;  sides  of  tlie  head  vermiculated;  the  dor- 
sals, caudal  and  pectoral  with  bands;  tljose  of  the  dorsals  and  caudal  not  continuous; 
sides  with  about  seven  oblique  dark  bands,  differing  in  direction;  a  jet  black  blotch 
on  the  membrane  behind  the  last  spine  of  the  dorsal. 

The  pike-perch  has  received  a  great  many  common  names.  One  of 
the  most  unsuitable  is  that  of  "Susquehanna  salmon,"  which  is  used  in 
Pennsylvania.  In  the  eastern  states  the  species  is  styled  the  perch- 
pike  or  the  pike-perch,  g-lass-eye  and  wall-eyed  pike.  In  the  Great  Lake 
region  it  is  known  as  blue  pike,  yellow  pike,  ^reen  pike  and  grass  pike. 
In  the  Ohio  valley  and  western  North  Carolina  it  is  the  jack;  in  Lake 
Erie  and  Canada,  the  pickerel;  in  some  parts  of  the  Ohio  valley  it  is  the 
white  salmon  or  jack  salmon.  The  Cree  Indians  call  it  the  okow  and 
the  French  Canadians  dore'  or  picarel.  Among  the  fur  traders  of 
British  America  it  is  called  the  horn-fish. 

The  pike-perch  or  wall-eyed  pike  inhabits  the  Great  Lake  region  and 
extends  northward  into  British  America,  where  it  has  been  recorded  as 
far  as  fifty-eight  degrees  north  by  Dr.  Richardson.     It  ranges  south  in 
the  Mississippi  valley  to  Arkansas,  and  in  Atlantic  streams  to  Georgia 
This  species  is  said  to  reach  a  weight  of  fifty  pounds,  but  the  average 
weight  of  the  market  specimens  is  less  than  five  pounds.     In  the  Sus- 
quehanna it  occasionally  reaches  ten  pounds  or  upward  in  weight.     The 
pike-perch  feeds  on  the  bottom  upon  other  fishes,  and  has  been  charged 
even  with  destroying  its  own  young.     It  prefers  clear  and  rapid  waters 
and  lurks  under  submerged  logs  and  rocks  from  which  it  can  readily 
dart  upon  its  prey     Spawning  takes  place  in  April  and  May,  and  in 
Pennsylvania  continues  until  June.     Favorite  spawning  localities  are 
on  sandy  bars  in  shallow  water.     The  period  of  hatching  varies  from 
about  fourteen  to  thirty  days,  depending  upon  the  temperature  of  the 
water.     The  eggs  vary  from  about  seventeen  to  twenty-five  to  the  inch 
and  a  single  female  has  been  estimated  to  contain  from  two  hundred 
thousand  to  three  hundred  thousand.     In  a  state  of  nature  only  a  smaU 
percentage  of  the  eggs  are  hatched  out;  the  greater  portion  are  driven 
upon  the  lake  shores  by  storms  and  devoured  by  fishes  upon  the  spawn 
nig  beds.     The  number  of  pike  perch   annually  hatched  by  artificial 
methods  IS  enormous.     This  advance  is  due  to  improvements  in  the 
treatment  of  adhesive  eggs.     Formeriy  these  were  hatched  by  placing 
them  on  glass  plates,  to  which  they  readily  adhere.     Recently  it  has 
been  found  that  the  sticky  substance  can  be  washed  oflf  the  eggs  after 
which  they  are  placed  in  jars  and  hatched  like  eggs  of  the  shad  and 
white  fish.     Pennsylvania  distributed  twelve  millions  of  the  fry  in  its 
eastern  waters  in  1889,  and  has  greatly  increased  the  distribution  since 
that  time. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


129 


"Dexter,"  in  Forest  and  Stream,  August  14,  1890,  makes  the  follow- 
ing statement  about  its  habits  in  the  lakes:  "These  fish  run  up  the 
rivers  before  or  as  soon  as  tlie  ice  is  out,  and  after  spawning  lie  off  the 
rivers'  mouth  feeding  on  and  off  the  sand  flats,  as  the  spring  rains  bring 
down  plenty  of  worms,  and  probably  other  matter  which  they  feed  on. 
As  soon  as  the  water  gets  warm  they  sag  off  and  work  along  the  shores 
in  ten  to  thirty  feet  of  water,  preferring  cobbly  bottom ;  from  here  they 
go  into  very  deep  water,  coming  on  the  reefs  to  feed,  and  when  the  wind 
blows  very  hard,  or  for  a  day  or  so  after  a  big  blow,  you  will  find  them 
right  on  top  of  a  reef.  I  think  the  wind  changes  the  water  over  the 
reefs,  making  a  new  current  and  cooler  water,  so  they  come  up  to  feed. 
They  are  a  bottom  fish,  and  to  fish  for  them  successfully  one  must  go  to 
the  bottom  for  them.  They  are  nearly  as  particular  as  salmon-h-out 
about  the  water  they  inhabit  and  consequently  rank  very  high  as  a  food 
fish,  being  white,  solid  and  extremely  free  from  bones." 

The  origin  of  the  pike-perch  in  Pennsylvania  is  unknown,  but  it  was 
doubtless  transplanted  from  the  North.  In  1833  this  fish  was  abundant 
in  the  Susquehanna  and  the  Juniata  within  twenty  miles  of  the  head- 
waters. In  the  fall  of  the  year  it  was  caught  in  such  quantities  by  the 
people  that  it  was  packed  in  ban-els,  salted,  and  in  the  spring  carried  to 
market  and  exclianged  for  goods  and  groceries.  In  1840  it  Avas  abund- 
ant even  up  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Juniata,  and  was  caught  and 
speared  in  great  numbers,  to  be  salted  and  carried  to  market  in  the 
spring  by  raftsmen. 

The  colors  of  the  pike-perch  change  remarkably  with  age.  The  young 
have  oblique  dark  bands  very  much  like  those  of  the  king-fish  of  our 
east  coast,  and  bear  little  resemblance  in  the  pattern  of  coloration  to 
the  parent.  The  eye  of  the  living  fish  is  like  a  glowing  emerald.  The 
rate  of  growth  must  be  rapid.  In  July,  1888,  we  took  examples  from 
four  to  SIX  inches  long,  some  of  which  seemed  to  be  the  young  of  the 
year. 

This  is  one  of  the  finest  f(X)d  and  game  fishes  of  the  United  States 
Its  flesh  is  firm  and  white,  flaky  and  well  flavored.  Commercially  the 
species  ranks  high  in  the  Great  Lake  region,  being  next  in  importance 
to  the  white  fish.  Its  multiplication  by  the  Pennsylvania  commission 
IS  one  of  the  numerous  evidences  of  sound  judgment  displayed  by  the 
commissioners. 

In  angling  for  the  pike-perch  live  minnows  are  used  in  preference  to 
all  other  baits,  particulariy  such  as  are  more  or  less  transparent  and 
with  silvery  sides,  as  the  fall-fish  or  dace,  the  corporal  roach,  the  red  fin 
and  tlie  gudgeon.  On  some  parts  of  the  Susquehanna,  between  Colum- 
bia and  Hanisburg,  tlie  favorite  mode  of  capture  is  bv  trolling  witli  the 
spoon  with  the  same  kind  of  tackle  as  is  used  for  the  bFack  bass 
Among  the  favorite  fishing  grounds  are  Fitc's  Eddy,  Washington  {.or- 
9  Fishes 


130 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


ougrli,  Columbia  dam  and  Conewagfo  Falls.  The  species  is  well  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  river  and  its  larg-er  tributaries,  especially  the 
Juniata  and  the  North  Branch. 

147.  Stizostedion  vitreum  salmoneum  (Rafixesque). 

The  Blue  Pike.     (  Fif/urc  *J0.) 

The  blue  pike  of  Lake  Erie,  or  white  salmon  of  the  Ohio  river,  was 
formerly  distin«:uished  by  name  from  the  common  pike  perch,  but  is 
now  considered  unworthy  of  a  separate  name. 

This  is  a  very  small  variety  seldom  exceedinc?  fifteen  inches  in  length 
and  a  weight  of  two  pounds.  The  dorsal  has  fourteen  spines  and  twenty 
rays.  The  spines  are  rather  lower  than  in  the  pike  jiercli,  the  colora- 
tion similar,  but  the  adult  is  bluish  or  greenish  and  has  no  brassy 
mottling.  The  fins  are  darker  and  there  is  a  trace  of  a  band  along  the 
dorsal,  besides  the  black  blotch  on  the  hind  portion. 

148.  Stizostedion  canadense  Smith. 

The  Saucer.     {Figure  7ii.) 

Body  slemler.  not  iniieh  compressed,  roundish  ;  its  depth  contained  four  and  one- 
lialf  to  live  times  in  tlie  total  without  caudal.  The  head  is  pointed,  about  two-sev- 
enths of  stan<lard  length  an«l  contains  the  eye  Ave  to  five  and  one-half  times.  The 
mouth  is  smaller  than  in  the  pike  perch  ;  the  maxilla  reaches  to  the  hind  margin  of 
the  eye. 

D.  XII  to  XIII,  I,  17  to  18 ;  A.  II,  12.  Scales  <t2  to  98;  4  to  7  i»ylorie  cjeca,  unequal 
in  size  and  all  of  them  shorter  than  the  stomach. 

Color  olivaceous  above;  sides  brassy  or  pale  orange,  mottled  with  black  in  tlie 
form  of  irregular  dark  blotches,  whicli  are  best  defined  under  tlie  soft  dorsal.  Tlie 
spinous  dorsal  1ms  several  rows  of  round  black  spots  on  the  membrane  between  the 
spines;  no  l)lack  blotch  on  the  hind  part  of  the  spinous  dorsal.  Pectorals  Mith  a 
large  «lark  l^iotch  at  base.  Soft  dorsal  with  several  rows  of  dark  sjwts  irregularly 
placed.     Caudal  yellowish  with  dark  spots  forming  interrupted  bars. 

The  Sanger  is  known  also  as  sand  pike,  gray  jjike  and  green  pike, 
Pickering,  pickerel  and  horse  fish.  It  is  found  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
river  and  Great  Lake  region,  the  upper  Mississij^pi  and  Missouri  rivei-s 
and  in  the  Ohio  where  it  is  said  to  have  been  introduced  from  the  lakes 
through  canals. 

This  is  a  small  fish,  seldom  exceeding  eighteen  inches  in  length,  and 
embraces  several  varieties  only  one  of  whicli  is  found  in  Pennsylvania, 
the  one  called  gray  pike.  It  is  a  very  common  fish  in  the  Great  Lakes 
and  is  abundant  in  the  Oliio  river.  It  is  doubtful  whether  it  is  native 
to  Ohio  or  introduced.  It  is  very  «'xtensively  used  for  food  ])ut  is  not 
e(iual  to  tlie  pike  percli. 


t/O- 
CD 


•-d 

W 
pel 

» 

Pd 

zn 
zn 

a 


!2: 


A) 

co- 
CD 

I— • 


cn 

m 
in 

o 
w 

CD 
< 

< 


> 
I 

td 


180 


FISlIi:S  OF  PIJXXSYLl'AXIA. 


im<xh,  Culiiiiil)i;i  (lam  and  Conewa^o  Falls.  The  sperics  is  well  dis- 
tril)ut<<l  tlir(»u;^lioiit  the  river  and  its  lai-o-or  trilnitaries,  especially  the 
Juniata  and  the  Noi'tli  l^iandi. 

147.  Stizostedion  vitreum  salmoneum  (  Km  i\Es(,rF). 

Thr  ltlii<>  I'ike.      (  /•'(//(( /r  .,;/.) 

Tilt-  l.hic  pikrot"  Lake  Eri(>,  ())•  white  salmon  <»f  the  Oiiio  river,  was 
formerly  distinguished  l»y  name  from  the  common  pike  i»erch,  l.nt  is 
now  considered  unworthy  of  a  separate  name. 

This  is  a  very  small  variety  seldom  exceedin<^  tiftr'en  inches  in  length 
ami  a  weij^dit  of  two  pounds.  The  dorsal  has  fourteen  spines  and  twenty 
rays.  The  spines  are  ratiier  lower  than  in  th(>  i)ike  i»erch,  the  colora- 
tion similar,  lait  the  adult  is  Muish  or  .i.-reenish  and  has  no  l.rassy 
mottlini:-.  The  tins  are  darker  and  there  is  a  trace  of  a  band  aloiiir  the 
dorsal,  besides  the  Mack  Motch  on  the  hind  portion. 


148.  Stizostedion  canadense  Sm 


nil. 


I'ln'  Saucer,     i  Fmnri     '.) 

ll.Hly  siriid.r.  II.. I  iiiii.-li  i|.n-s-<o(|.  roiiii.Ush  ;   its-li'i.tli  .Mni.iiii.-.l  four  ami  ..n.'- 

iialfioiivtiiiicsiii  tlH-l..:al  uitliout  .an.lal.     Tin-  lica.I   is  jH.int.Ml.  al.-.m   tw».-s,.v- 

.'iitlis  of  staii.lanl  lon.uftli  aii.l  ■•ontaiiis  tl ,vc  live  to  ilv.-  and  oi,,--liair  lim.'s.     Tlu' 

iiM.utli  is  siiiMll.-r  tl.aii  ill  \\^>■  y\k,-  i,..r,-|,  :  ;||..  m;,\illrt  r.'a.-h.-s  f.  ili.^  liin,!   mar^Mti  ..f 
tlic  •y.  "" 

It.  XIl  K.  Mil.  1.  17  !..  Is:   A.  II,  IJ.     S,-al,.s;.J  t-.'.s:    j  ,,,7  pylm-i.- .•,■..•:..  mi.M,,ial 
111  *i/i'  ainl  all  -'f  ill.  Ill  siH.rt.r  iliaii  tin-  siinnai-ii. 

''"'"'■  "'!'\^i'- I-;  ai..,\.-:  ^i,l.'s   l,iMs>y  .,!•   pal.-    ..i-aii-.;''.  iii.-ttlt-i  wiili    hla.'k    iiiili.- 

r.-nii-.f  irn-^nil.ir.hirk  Llut-h.-s.  wliich  an-  l..-st  .Ici'nir.l   uipI.t  i  h.- s,,ri  ,|.„-sai.      T,,.- 
spin. .lis  .|.,r,;,l  has  scv.ral  ivws  ,,r  r..iin.l  l.la.-k  spuis  on  tii..  m. ml. ran.'  h.-iw.-cn  tin- 

spill's:  11.,   l.ia-k    l.|..t.-l til.'   Inn. I    i-art  <.f  the  spin..us  .loi-sal.      I'c.-torajs  \vii|,  a 

lai>:c  .lark  l.ln;,lj  at  Lasr-.      s.,n  <lnrsal  with  sc\.ral   p. us  of  , lark    s|..,ts   irr.'-nlari  v 
I-ia.-.  .1.     c'au.lal  y.llov\i-h  w  ith  .hirk  sp,,ts  f..rinini:  inl.rrnpt.'.l  l-ars. 

The  saUL'vr  is  known  also  as  sand  pike  ^ray  pik.-  and  i.-'reen  pike, 
pi.kciin.i:.  pick.  r.  1  and  horse  fi>h.  Jt  is  found  in  the  St.  Lawivnc,. 
n\.r  an.l  (iivat  i/ike  iv--ion,  the  up|..'r  Mississippi  and  Missomi  riv.-r^ 
an.l  in  the  <  )]iio  wh.'iv  it  is  sai.l  t<.  have  been  intro.luce.l  froni  tli.-  lak.s 
thr<>ii.i:li  canals. 

This  is  a  small  li>h,  scj.l.ini  .xc.'.'.linir  eiohtccn  inches  in  len,i;th.  and 
embraces  s.v.'ial  varieties  ..nly  on,.  ,,f  which  is  foiin.l  in  Pennsylvaniti. 
tlie  ..ne  called  .-ray  pike.  It  is  a  very  c.)mmon  tish  in  the  (Ireat  f.akes 
an.l  isabun.huit  in  the  ( )hio  riv.r.  Jt  is  .loiibtful  wh.th.r  it  is  native 
to  { )lii.,  ,,r  intro.lu«-e.k     It    is  very  .xten^ively  used  for  food  but  is  not 

•'•plal    t.  •   tile    pikf    |l.|.||. 


;3d 

CD 


CJ 


W 
CD 

en 

c 
zn 

-CD 

> 

s: 
>• 

> 

CD 


-a 


i 


LQ 

O 

171 

:z 

< 

> 
2 


txi 

in 
> 

21 


3 

> 


CJ 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


1 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


131 


Family  SERRANID-ffi. 
Genus  ROCCUS  Mitchili.. 
149.  Roccus  lineatus  Block. 

The  Striped  Bass.     (Fiffurr  1^.) 
The  peuus  Hoccus,  to  which  the  striped  bass  belongs,  has  two  patches  of  small 
teetl>  on  the  base  of  the  tongue,  the  anal  spines  increasing  regularly  in  8i/.e  back- 
war     the  lower  jaw  nuu-h  longer  than  the  upper,  the  scales  on  the  cheeks  nearly 
smooth  along  their  margin  and  the  dorsal  .ins  separated  by  a  narrow  interspace. 
?rbodv  is  moderately  elongate  and  rather  stout;  the  caudal  peduncle  -blender 
The  ^-reatest  depth  of  the  body  is  two-seyenths  of  the  total  length  without  caudal 
Ind  '  2 is  iVngt    of  head.     I^'e  small,  one-half  as  long  as  the  snout  and  one-sixth 
?rone  eighth  the  length  of  the  head.    The  eyes  are  placed  near  the  top  o    the  head  ; 
he  n!axiHa  reaches  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye.     The  anal  spines  are  slender,  the 
dr    kM  ges  ,!bout  one-fifth  length  of  head.     The  fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  spines  an^ 
longest,  about  two-fifths  length  of  head.     Pectoral  a  little  longer  than  ventral,  one- 

half  length  of  head. 

D.  IX,  I,  11  to  12;  A.  Ill,  10  to  11.     Scales  7,  65,  19.  ,  .      , 

Sides  greenish  above,  silvery  below,  sometimes  with  a  brassy  lustre  and  marked 

by  seven  or  eight  longitudinal  streaks  none  of  which  are  half  as  wide  as  the  eye,  one 

ol-them  passing  along  the  lateral  line;  the  lowermost  stripe  ,s  somewhat  below  the 

middle  of  the  depth. 

lu  the  southern  Uuited  States  from  New  Jersey  to  Florida  the  striped 
bass  is  kno^yu  as  the  rock  or  rocktish.  In  the  northern  states  the  name 
striped  bass  is  more  generally  used  than  the  other,  especially  alon-  he 
coast  In  the  Delaware,  Susquehanna  and  Potomac  rivers  it  is  called 
rocktish  Green  head  and  stpiid  hound  are  names  applied  to  large 
individuals  found  in  the  sea  in  New  England  waters.  One  ot  the  old 
names  of  the  fish  is  streaked  bass.  ..       wi     ^• 

The  ran^-e  of  the  striped  bass  or  rocktish  includes  the  entire  Atlantic 
coast  fronrthe  Gulf  of  St.  LaNvrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  the  tish  enter- 
inc.'riyevs  and  ascending  them  long  distances.  In  the  Alabama  river 
tliTstishis  known  to  be  taken  every  year  and  some  large  individuals 
have  been  obtained  from  that  stream.  It  has  been  captured  also  in  the 
lower  Mississippi.  It  is  very  abundant  in  the  great  bays  and  sounds 
frc.m  North  Carolina  to  Cape  Cod.  In  Albemarie  sound  many  large 
individuals  are  said  to  occur.  In  the  St.  Johns  river,  Forida,  according 
to  Dr  Goode.  the  fish  is  rather  rare.  In  the  vicinity  of  Pensacola  tlie 
late  Silas  Stearns  occasionally  obtained  a  specimen  of  the  fish 

The  striped  bass  has  been  introducinl  into  California  and  has  now 
become  fairiv  afcclimated  there.  In  the  Delaware  and  Suscpiehanna 
rivers  this  is  one  of  the  common  fishes  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  highly 

esteemed.  .      ,        ^      •    th.        i.i 

This  fish  lives  in  the  sea  or  in  brackish  or  tresh  water  mdifterently 
and  it  has  been  successfully  kept  in  artificial  ponds.  In  cold  northern 
waters  it  becomes  ice  bound  occasicmally  and  is  said  to  hibernate.  It 
prefers  cold  water,  is  carnivorous  and  predaceous,  feeding  upon  small 


132 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


fishes  in  the  streams,  consuming  especially  large  quantities  of  the  ale- 
wife  or  river  herriuof  and  the  young  of  the  shad.  In  the  shallow  bays 
along  the  coasts  its  food  consists  of  killifish,  silversides,  anchovies,  lant 
and  other  small  fishes,  besides  crabs,  squid,  clams,  mussels  and  other 
marine  invertebrates.  Its  movements  while  feeding  depend  greatly 
upon  the  tides.  It  is  to  be  found  frequently  at  the  mouths  of  small 
creeks  and  in  tideways,  where  it  lies  in  wait  for  the  large  schools  of  small 
fishes,  which  constitute  its  food. 

The  largest  striped  bass  recorded  was  said  to  weigh  one  hundred  and 
twelve  pounds.  At  Avoca,  North  Carolina,  Dr.  Capehart  took  a  striped 
bass  weighing  ninety-five  pounds.  It  reaches  a  length  of  four  and  one- 
half  or  five  feet. 

Spawning  takes  place  from  April  to  June,  either  in  the  rivers  or  in 
the  brackish  waters  of  bays  and  sounds.  Eggs  have  been  hatched  arti- 
ficially in  May  on  Albemarle  sound.  Dr.  Capehart  took  a  fifty-eight- 
pound  spawning  fish  April  22,  1801.  The  eggs  are  smaller  than  those 
of  the  shad  and  after  fertilization  they  increase  greatly  in  size  and 
become  light  green  in  color.  This  fifty-eight-pouud  fish  probably 
contained  more  than  one-half  million  eggs.  Dr.  Abbott  has  found  the 
young  an  inch  long  in  the  Delaware  the  second  week  in  June  and  by 
the  middle  of  October  some  of  these  had  grown  to  a  length  of  four  and 
one-half  inches.  The  striped  bass  has  been  kept  in  a  small  pool  of  fresh 
water  and  fed  upon  crabs  and  oysters  increasing  in  about  eleven  months 
from  six  inches  in  length  to  twenty  inches.  In  a  Rhode  Island  pond  it 
is  stated  that  bass  weighing  one-half  pound  to  one  pound  in  June  had 
reached  a  weight  of  si.\  pounds  in  the  following  October. 

In  fresh  water  salted  eel  tail  is  a  favorite  bait  for  taking  striped  bass, 
and  the  spoon  or  spinner  is  also  a  good  lure,  but  live  minnows  are  pre- 
ferred to  all  other  baits.  For  surf  fishing  shedder  crab  well  fastened  to 
the  hook  is  a  very  killing  bait. 

160.  Roccus  cnrysops  llAFixEsyuE. 

The  White  llasK.     (  Fit/ u re  71.) 

The  white  bass  lias  the  l)ody  oblong,  elevated  and  compressed;  its  depth  .ontaincd 
twoandone-half  times  in  the  total  length  without  caudal,  the  length  of  the  head 
about  three  and  one-third  timcsin  this  length;  head  sub-conical,  depressed  over  eye- 
mouth  moderate,  the  n.axiUary  reaching  to  below  middle  of  eve;  length  of  eve  al- 
most equal  to  length  of  snout;  viUiform  teeth  in  bands  on  jaws,  palatines,  vomer 
and  tongue;  the  dorsal  outline  is  much  curved,  the  fins  well  separated. 

D.  TX,  I,  14;  A.  Ill,  11  to  12.  Scales  8-60-13.  General  color  silverv,  tinged  with 
golden  on  sid.-s;  eight  or  more  blackish  longitudinal  streaks  on  sides,  those  below 
more  or  less  Interrupted. 

The  white  bass  is  sometimes  called  striped  bass,  and  is  probably  the 
silver  bass  of  Canada.  Its  center  of  abundance  is  the  Great  Lake  re- 
gion, but  it  is  also  widely  distributed  over  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
valleys.     In  Pennsylvania  the  species  is  found  in  Lake  Erie  and  in  the 


(>0 

m 
4^ 


W 

m 

a 

txi 
> 
in 
zn 


OO 

CD 

•— < 
CaJ 


I— • 

zn 
w 

C/D 
O 

w 

LO 


I 
td 


W 


r 


132 


FISHES  OF  I'LW'XSYLrAXJJ. 


fi^lu's  ill  tho  stif.iiiis,  foiisiiMiiiio;-  especially  lai-o-e  quantities  of  the  ale- 
wife  or  liver  herrino-  ami  the  youuo-  of  the  shad.  In  the  shallow  hays 
aloiio-  thr  coasts  its  food  consists  of  killitish,  silversidcs,  anchovies,  laiit 
and  other  small  fishes,  besides  crahs,  S(iuid,  clanis,  mussels  and  other 
marine  invertehrates.  Its  movenuMits  while  feediii<,'-  depend  irreatlv 
upon  the  tides.  It  is  to  l)e  foun<l  frequently  at  the  mouths  of  small 
creeks  and  in  tidewavs,  where  it  lies  in  wait  for  the  larg-e  schools  of  small 
tishes,  which  constitute  its  food. 

The  larovst  striped  hass  recorded  was  sai.l  to  weidi  one  hundred  and 
twelve  pounds.  At  Avoca,  X(uth  Carolina,  Dr.  Cai)ehart  took  a  stripi^l 
hass  wei-jrhinu-  ninety-tive  pounds.  It  reaches  a  leuo-th  of  four  and  oue- 
half  or  live  feet. 

Spawnhiii-  takes  place  from  April  to  June,  either  in  the  rivers  or  in 
the  hrackish  waters  of  hays  and  sounds.  E^^-.ys  have  been  liatche<l  arti- 
ficially in  May  on  Albemarle  sound.  Dr.  C  apehart  took  a  tiftv-eij^ht- 
i.ouiid  spawnin-  tish  April  22,  18JH.  The  e-os  are  smaller  than  those 
of  the  shad  and  after  feitili/.ation  they  increase  o-ivatly  in  size  and 
become  lioht  o-iven  in  eoh.r.  This  tifty-eicrht-pound  fish  probablv 
contained  more  than  one-half  million  eoos.  Dr.  Abbott  has  found  the 
youn>iaii  inch  Ion.--  in  the  Delaware  the  second  week  in  June  and  by 
the  middle  of  ( )ctober  some  of  thes(>  had  jjrown  to  a  len«itli  of  four  and 
one-half  inches.  Tin-  striped  bass  has  been  kept  in  a  small  pool  of  fresh 
water  and  fed  upon  crabs  and  oysters  incivasinj^-  in  about  eleven  months 
from  six  inches  in  l<-n-th  to  tw(Mity  inches.  In  a  llhode  Island  pond  it 
is  stated  that  bass  wei^hino-  one  half  pound  to  one  pound  in  June  had 
reached  a  weii^ht  of  six  pounds  in  the  following-  Octobej-. 

In  fresh  water  salted  eel  tail  is  a  favorite  bait  for  takin-  stripe.l  l)ass, 
and  the  spoon  or  spinner  is  also  a  yood  lure,  but  live  minnows  are  pre- 
ferred to  all  other  baits.  For  surf  fishin.y  shedder  crab  well  fastened  to 
the  h(jok  is  a  very  killin<>-  bait. 

150.  Roccus  cnrysops   I;amnks...i  e. 

TIm'    White   Ka—«.      C /V'/z'/c  ,/. ) 

TIm-  \vhil<'i.iis>  has  111,-  l.<„|y  nhlonu.  t-i.-vat.-.l  jiimI  .-.mii.n'ssc.l:  its  .|,.j.tl,  .-oiitained 
two  and  oM.'-lialf  til... -sill  the  t.-tal  Icn^Mh  without  caiulal,  tht-  h'MK'th  ..f  the  lu'a.l 
alxmlthriH- and. MH'.third  times  in  this  len^jth,  head  snl.-coni.'al.  deprosse,!  over  eve; 
ne.nth  in.»lerate,  the  niaxilhiiy  rea.-iiini:  t-.  below  nii.hlle  of  eve;  ienjrtl,  „r  ,>ye'ai- 
ni..st  ,..,iial  to  len^tii  ot  sn..ut;  villiiorni  teeth  in  Lands  on  Jaus.  palatines,  voi,,.., 
and  tunjr,,,.:  the  dorsal  outline  is  niiieii  iMirved,  the  tins  well  separated. 

n.  IN.  1.  H:  .\.  Ill,  11  I..  I-.  Seales  S-«;(»-i;{.  Gen«'ral  e.,lor  silveiv,  tiniici  with 
ffulden  nn  sid.s;  riirht  ..r  n.r.iv  l.jaekish  lonirltudinal  stn'aks..n  shh-s.  thos..  1k.|..w 
tnnrt'  iif  less  jnteniipicd. 

The  white  bass  is  sometimes  called  striped  bass,  nnd  is  probably  the 
silver  bass  of  Canaiht.  Its  cent<>i-  of  abundance  is  the  (ir(>at  Lake  re- 
gion, but  itis;ds,»  wi.lely  distributed  over  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi 
valleys.     In  I'eunsyhania  the  specie>  is  found  in  Luke  Erie  and  in  the 


in 

M 

> 
in 


-a 

CD 


CaJ 
CD 


cn 

CO 

o 

LQ 

t— ' 
< 
> 
2 


> 

2! 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


______^  133 

tributaries  of  the  Ohio.  ThT^vhite  bass  v^^^^^~i^^^~^^^~^^^^ 
pounds  and  Its  flesh  is  considered  almost  if  not  equally  as  lood  as 
Uia  of  the  black  bass.  It  prefers  the  deeper  parts  of  Hve^s  and  thrives 
best  m  lakes  and  ponds.  In  April  and  May  they  leave  the  deep^^^ 
waters  and  ^o  m  near  shore  or  to  the  mouths  of  rivers  where  they 
spawn.     The  spawning  period  is  in  May  and  June  ^ 

The  white  bass  feeds  upon  minnows,  crawfish  and  other  fresh  water 
crustaceans,  also  mmute  mollusks  or  shell  fish,  and  it  is  said  to  devour 
many  younc,  white  fish  upon  the  spawning  grounds  of  that  species 

It  18  a  game  fish  and  affords  good  sport  to  the  angler. 

(tenus  MORONE  Mitchill. 
151.  Moroue  americana  (Gmelin). 

The  White  Perth.     {Fif,urr.  ir,.) 

The  white  jjerch  lias  an  obloDg  ImhIv,  wllli  the  baik  ooiiv.v   ,..„.,.i 

...a.Ml.ry  re«,hi„g a  little  heyoml  tl«  Wont  or  uX^hre^Vu  "  earir""":'  '"« 

he  anotit,  an,l  i»  eontal„e<l  five  an.l  one-half  tlmesln  the  l7n  Jh  of  ,P  f  T   h^,." 

head  Is  about  one-lhlrd  of  total  without  caudal-  lZL^l<     f^*J  *""  '  ">" 

au.l  two-thirds  tiu.es  In  total  with"  u"auTl^he  f^.^^      V^^  "  ''""^'"^^  l«o 

twcvflfths  length  of  head;  the^^forirs^'uL  /nf  rh^rj,,:!::;,;'  "'f,"""r'' 
its  length  one-third  that  of  head.  '"Rhtlj  shorter  than  the  third, 

deep'noic!;,  b' t''eo"„';Id  '^'Ten.t^i'e  •  upL'rL""'  "^"L -•"""""'  "■-  a  very 
»"very;  young  individual,  h^ave'Xou.Un^iairair'''"  ""  '^^-"'"-'- 
The  white  perch  inhabits  the  sea  coast  from  Nova  Scotia  to  South 
Carohna  ascending  streams  and  has  been  introduced  into  numerous  h"sh 
water  lakes  and  ponds,  where  it  thrives  equally  as  well  as  in  the  La  In 
Pennsylvania  according  to  Professor  Cope,  it  is  very  commonin  the 
Delaware  and  Susquehanna  rivers.     In  the  latter  its  upward  movement 

r^ri^l^^cotmbir^''*''" "  --  -'-"*■""  r^jr^ 

The  average  length  of  the  white  perch  is  about  nine  inches  and  its 
weight  one-half  p.  .„,  or  less,  but  numerous  specimens  measurin  "four 
teen  inches  and  weighing  two  pounds  or  more  have  been  taL    "s 
pecially  in  New  England  waters.  ' 

*i  ^'«  u'**/^?*  "■'  '''"'•-'  •"''•"^''  f°™«>l-vextei.de<l  south  tt.  Florida  and 

«ie  Gulf  of  Mexico,  but  this  is  discredited  by  competent  ob^^^rs 

The  perch  of  Lake  Ponchartrain  is  very  likely  the  species  nowTnown 

n  many  portions  of  the  western  states  as  the  fresh  water  drum-^T 

The  white  perch  is  a  lover  of  brackish  water,  and  mav  be  found  in 
tidal  creeks  ,n  vast  numbers  associated  with  mummichogs,  silvei^des 
and  eels,  teoding  upon  shrimp  and  minnows.    Spawning  takes  pllle  in 


134 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


May  and  Juue.  According-  to  Professor  John  A.  Ryder,  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  the  egg-  of  the  white  perch  is  very  adliesive,  and 
on  this  account  is  troublesome  to  hatch  artificially.  In  the  experiments 
made  by  him  the  eo^g-s  were  taken  upon  cotton  yarn,  which  was  drawn 
up  throug-h  a  funnel  into  which  the  egrgfs  and  milt  liad  been  squeezed 
from  the  spawning-  fish.  The  cord,  covered  with  the  adhering-  egg-s,  was 
then  wrapped  upon  a  wooden  reel  and  sent  under  cover  of  damp  cloths 
to  the  central  station,  where  they  arrived  in  fine  condition,  almost  every 
egof  being-  impregnated.  This  system  was  devised  and  carried  out 
under  the  superintendence  of  Cob  M.  McDonald.  After  reaching  the 
central  station  the  cotton  cord  with  the  adhering  egg-s  was  cut  into 
lengths  of  ten  or  twelve  inches  and  suspended  in  the  glass  hatching 
jars.  The  development  was  soon  interfered  with  by  the  growth  of 
fungus.  When  the  wooden  reel  with  the  adhering  eggs  was  introduced 
into  a  wide  aquarium  fungus  also  attacked  the  eggs  as  before  but  the 
results  were  somewhat  more  favorable.  With  the  water  at  fifty-eight 
to  sixty  degrees  Fahrenheit  the  eggs  hatched  out  in  six  days. 

The  white  perch  congregates  in  large  schools  and  is  one  of  the  freest 
biters  among  fishes.  The  shrimp  is  one  of  the  best  baits,  although 
worms,  sturgeon  eggs,  minnows  and  strips  of  cut  fish  with  silvery  skin 
arc  equally  effective.  Dr.  Abbott  has  known  as  many  as  twenty  dozen 
to  be  taken  with  a  line  in  a  few  hours,  and  Spangler  mentions  catches  of 
six  or  seven  hundred  in  a  day  by  two  rods,  the  fish  ranging  in  weight 
from  three-fourths  to  one  and  one-fourth  pounds.  He  records  go(5d  perch 
fishing  from  Fort  Penn,  at  the  head  of  Delaware  bay,  to  considerably 
above  Lambertville  on  the  Delaware ;  also  in  all  the  tributaries  of  the 
Delaware  river.  One  of  the  charges  brought  against  the  white  perch 
is  its  destruction  of  the  spawn  of  other  fish,  especially  of  the  shad. 

152.  Morone  interrupta  Gill. 

The  Yellow  llaH><.      (Fi(/urr  7J.) 

Tlie  yellow  l»ass  has  an  oblong  body,  its  greatest  depth  e<|ualiiig  one-third  of  the 
total  iengtli  without  the  caudal;  the  caudal  peduncle  is  short  and  stout,  its  least 
depth  three-eighths  of  the  greatest  depth  of  the  Imdy;  the  head  is  moderately  large, 
nearly  one-third  of  the  total  without  thecaudal:  the  snout  is  as  long  as  tlieeye,  which 
is  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  head;  the  mouth  is  rather  large,  the  ma.xilla  reacliing  to 
below  the  middle  of  the  eye,  moderately  expanded  behind  and  bearing  a  few  small 
scales;  the  preopercle  is  strongly  serrate  on  its  hind  margin;  scales  on  the  cheeks 
below  the  eye  in  seven  rows  ;  the  gill-rakers  are  moderately  long  and  slender,  twenty 
developed  on  the  first  arch,  the  longest  about  one-halfas  longasthe  orbit :  tlie  spines 
are  longer  and  more  slender  than  in  the  white  perch  ;  the  spinous  dorsal  begins 
over  the  sixth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  its  base  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the 
snout;  the  firstspine  is  shortest,  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eye;  tiie  fourth  and  longest 
is  four-fifths  as  long  as  the  base  of  the  Jin  ;  the  last  is  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  fourtli ; 
the  spine  in  front  of  the  second  dorsal  is  one-halfas  long  as  the  spinous  dorsal  base: 
the  first  and  longest  soft  ray  is  as  long  as  the  base  of  the  lin  and  nearly  three  times  as 
long  as  the  last;  the  anal  lin  begins  under  the  twenty-seventh  scale  of  the  lateral 
line;  the  base  of  tiie  fin  is  one-half  as  long  as  the  head;  the  firstspine  is  one-third  as 
long  as  tiie  se.ond  and  two-fifths  a>  long  as  the  tliird  :  the  second  is  a  little  longer 


CD 
CO 

ro 


CO 

a 

LO 
< 


> 
I 

w 

w 


»— • 


134 


/■'/s//i:s  or  I'hwxsYLrjxfA. 


M.'iy  and  ,huw.  Arcordiiis'  to  Professor  John  A.  Kydcr,  of  tlic  I'nivt-r- 
sity  of  rniiisylv.iniM,  the  «'o-o-  of  the  white  i>ereli  is  very  julhesivc,  and 
on  this  account  is  troiiltlesome  to  hatch  artificially.  In  tin; experiments 
made  l)y  him  the  (>orffs  were  taken  upon  cotton  yarn,  which  was  drawn 
up  throu.i^h  a  fuimel  into  which  the  eij-.u-s  and  milt  Iiad  l)een  s<iueezed 
from  tlu'  spaw  ninj4'  fish.  The  cord,  covered  with  the  adherin.L;-  eyos,  was 
then  \\iapi)ed  ujxin  a  wooden  reel  and  sent  under  cover  of  damp  clotlis 
to  the  central  station,  where  they  arrived  in  tine  condition,  almost  everv 
eo-o-  iK'inu-  impregnated.  This  system  was  devised  and  carried  out 
under  the  superintendence  of  Coh  M.  ^[(Dcmald.  .Vfter  reachiiiii'  the 
central  station  the  cotton  cord  with  the  adherinn-  clt^s  was  cut  into 
len^^'ths  of  ten  or  twelve  inches  and  suspended  in  the  ulass  hatchini^- 
jars.  Tile  develoi)ment  was  soon  inteifeicd  with  l»y  the  jrrowth  of 
fuuirus.  When  the  wooden  reel  with  the  adhering-  eyt,^s  was  introduced 
into  a  wide  acpiarium  fuuirus  also  attacked  the  ejjos  as  before  hut  the 
results  were  somewhat  more  favorahle.  With  the  water  at  fifty -eii:) it 
to  sixty  de<rrees  Fahrenheit  the  eirii-s  hatched  out  in  six  days. 

The  white  perch  oons-re*rates  in  lar.o-e  schools  and  is  .»ne  <»f  the  freest 
biters  amon^-  fishes.  The  shrimp  is  one  of  the  best  baits,  althou^iii 
worms,  sturgeon  v^^^s,  minnows  and  strips  of  cut  fish  with  silvery  skin 
arectiually  efi'ective.  Dr.  Abbott  has  known  as  many  as  tw.-nty  (h.zen 
to  bo  takeii  with  a  line  in  a  few  hours,  and  Spanirler  mentions  catches  of 
six  or  seven  hundred  in  a  day  l>y  two  rods,  the  fish  ran^ine-  in  weight 
from  three-fourths  to  one  and  one-fourth  i»ounds.  ?Ie  records  e-octd  perch 
tishino- from  Fort  Penn,  at  the  head  of  Delaware  bay.  to  considerably 
above  Lambertville  on  the  Delaware:  also  in  all  the  tributarie>,  of  the 
Di'laware  river.  ( )ne  of  the  chari^fs  brous-ht  a.i:ainst  the  white  p.rch 
is  its  destruction  of  the  spawn  of  other  fish,  especially  of  th.'  shad. 

152.  Morone  interruiDta  (iiu. 


hi'iowthoeyoiii  s.-vcii  r..us  ;  tli.- <ril|-r;tk<'ts  ap.  iiiu.l.iai.'ly  loii^r  ;,ii.l  sl.ii.l.r.  tw.'nty 
•  Icvc'loped  oil  th."  liist  ;iivli.  tlK-  l.Miirest  ;il".m  ..ii..-ii;ili:i-  l«)im'astlM'  .-iliit  :  tin- spinas 
ar.'  loniror  sui'l  iiinr..  sl.n.l.r  than  in  tli.'  white  penli  :  ih.-  s|.iii.Mi,  .|,,rsal  Lomns 
ever  ihesi.Nth  s.  ah'  of  the  lalrral  lin.':  its  l.aso  i>  as  \,,uj.  as  tlir  In-a.l  u  iihoiit  th-- 
snout;  tlii-lirstspinr  is  sh..rn-st.  two-thinis  as  jonu  a*  tiie  .  y*-:  ih.'  lourih  an.i  i..n^.'st 
isiV.nr-liltlisas  |un-  as  tli.-  Lax- ..t' the  !iii  :  tin-  hisi  is  iw  ..-iiiih^  a<  l..nu;i-  thr  lonilh  ; 
til.- spill.'  in  IVt.iit  of  the  socoihl  .ioisai  iv  ..nr-iialf  as  hum  as  tin-  spjnons  dorsal  has.- 
Ih.'  Ill -I  aihl  h.iiLM'st  suit  ray  is  as  h.iiu  as  tlie  has.- of  the  hii  ami  n.-arly  thr.'e  tiiii.s  as 
Ion-  as  th.'  last:  th.-anal  lin  \.,'ir\n>  un-icr  th.'  t  \v.iity-s.-\ -iitli  >.-,!,., ,t  ili..  hit.-ral 
lin.-  :  tlM-  l.av,.  ,,f,ii.-  tin  i^  oin-iiaHiis  l,,n-  a-  tii..  h.-ad;  lii-'  li.M  -pin.'  is  ,,i,.-thir.|  as 
lonu   ;i-  !li.'  >,-,■. ,11.)  an. I  lu.-liftii-  a-   \',Ji-   as  ih.'  thir.l  :   th.-  — ..,,,|  j,   ;,  imi..  l,,iim.| 


I 


*T3 


CO 


2 

zn 
in 

CD 

< 

> 

> 


> 


Ul 


INTENTIONAL  2ND  EXPOSURE 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


135 


than  the  anal  l^ase  ;  the  first  and  longest  soft  ray  is  as  longasxthe  anal  base  and  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  the  last;  the  caudal  Is  large  and  emarginate,  the  middle  rays 
nearly  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  outer;  the  ventral  reaches  to  below  the  twenlj*- 
first  scale  of  the  lateral  line,  its  spine  two-fifths  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  pectoral 
reaches  to  below  the  seventeenth  scale  of  the  lateral  line;  its  base  is  broad,  equaling 
two-thirds  of  the  diameter  of  the  eye ;  the  lateral  line  is  gently  curved  upward  in 
the  first  half  of  its  length. 

D.  IX-T,  11  or  12;  A.  Ill,  9  or  10;  V.  I,  5;  P.  14.    Scales  6-52-11. 

In  life  the  body  is  yellowish,  the  upper  parts  olivaceous  and  the  sides  with  seven 
narrow  dark  stripes,  the  first  one  below  the  lateral  line  abruptly  bent  downward  at 
its  middle,  the  second  interrupted  and  the  third  short;  two  short,  oblique,  dark 
streaks  on  the  slioulders.  The  specimen  described,  numl)er  3467,  belonging  to  the 
United  States  National  Museum,  is  seven  and  one-half  inches  long. 

The  yellow  bass  appears  to  have  no  other  common  name.  It  inhabits 
the  lower  Mississippi  valley,  extendiuo^  northward  to  southern  Indiana 
and  Illinois.  In  Pennsylvania  it  has  been  introduced  by  the  State  Fish 
Commission  into  the  Delaware,  Perkiomen  and  Susquehanna  rivers. 
The  United  States  Fish  Commission  has  recently  sent  examples  east 
from  Quincy,  Illinois. 

The  species  ^vow^  to  the  len^^th  of  one  foot.  Nothing  is  recorded 
about  its  habits,  which  are  supposed  to  resemble  those  of  the  white 
perch. 


Family  SCI^NID-ffi   (The  Drums). 
Genus  APLODINOTXJS  llAHXESyOE. 
153.  Aplodinotus  grunniens  Kahnesque. 

The  Fresh  Water  Driiiii.     (Fufurf  7,i.) 

The  shape  of  the  fresh  water  drum  is  similar  to  that  of  the  saltwater  species,  the 
body  being  moderately  elongate,  its  greatest  height  one-third  of  its  length  without 
the  caudal ;  tlie  sides  are  moderately  compressed  and  the  back  very  much  so.  The 
least  depth  of  tiie  tail  is  less  than  one-third  of  the  depth  of  the  body.  The  head  is 
rather  short,  its  length  contained  three  and  two-thirds  times  in  the  total  without 
caudal.  The  eye  is  about  four-fifths  as  long  as  the  snout  and  one-sixth  length  of 
head.  Snout  obtuse.  Tlie  maxilla  readies  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye;  the 
lower  jaw  is  shorter  than  the  upper.  The  pectoral  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  head  and 
reaches  to  below  the  beginning  of  the  soft  dorsal.  The  ventral  is  about  two-thirds 
lengtl)  of  head.  The  third  dorsal  spine  is  the  longest,  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  the 
head.  The  second  anal  spine  is  much  the  longer  anil  stouter,  its  length  two-fifths 
that  of  head.  The  rays  of  the  soft  dorsal  are  longest  near  the  end  of  tiie  fin.  The 
scales  are  very  irregularly  placed,  about  fifty-five  in  the  lateral  line. 

D.  TX,  I,  30-31;  A.  11,7. 

The  <-olor  is  grayish,  darker  on  tlie  back  ;  lower  parts  silvery.  Young  specinu-ns 
have  dark  si)ots  along  the  rows  of  scales,  forming  oblique  lines. 

The  freshwater  drum  has  received  a  g-reat  number  of  common  luimos. 
In  the  Ohio  valley  and  South  it  is  known  as  the  white  i)orch:  in  the 
(ireat  Lake  region  it  called  sheepshead  or  fresh- water  drum  on  account 
of  its  resemblance  to  the  stdtwater  drum.  At  Bntlalo  and  Barcelona, 
New  York,  it  is  kntnvn  as  sheepshead.  Tlie  name  crocus,  used  on  lakes 
of  northern  Indiana  is  a  corruption  of  croaker,  a  name  of  a  marine 


136 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


fish  of  the  same  family.  In  the  southern  states  the  name  drum  is  g-eu- 
erally  applied  to  the  species,  and  in  addition  the  terms  thunder  pumper, 
gasperji^ou  and  jewel-head  are  used.  Gaspei-g-ou  is  a  term  used  in 
Arkansas,  Louisiana  and  Texas.  The  names  drum,  croaker  and  thunder 
pumper  have  reference  to  certain  sounds  produced  by  the  fish  either  by 
means  of  its  air  bladder  or  by  grinding  together  the  large  molar-like 
teeth  in  the  pharynx.  The  name  jewel  head  probably  refers  to  the 
otoliths  or  earbones,  frequently  called  lucky  stones,  which  are  found  in 
the  skull  of  this  species.  In  Texas,  adjacent  to  Mexican  temtory,  occurs 
the  name  ^aspag^ie,  a  variation  of  the  name  ^aspergou. 

The  fresh-water  drum  is  widely  distributed;  it  occurs  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain  and  the  entire  Great  Lake  region,  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  val- 
leys southward  to  Texas.  It  is  found  principally  in  large  streams  and 
lakes  and  rarely  enters  creeks  and  small  rivers.  In  western  Texas  the 
species  is  rare.  In  the  wilds  of  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  northern  Mexico 
Mr.  Turpe  has  found  this  fish  in  clear  limestone  streams  emptying  into 
the  Rio  Grande. 

Tliis  species  is  usually  found  on  the  bottom,  where  it  feeds  chiefly  on 
crustaceans  and  mollusks  and  sometimes  small  fishes.  It  is  especially 
fond  of  crawfish  and  small  shells  such  as  Cydai^  and  Pahidina.  Mr. 
Turpe  mentions  water  plants  as  forming  part  of  its  food  and  states  that 
it  will  take  a  hook  baited  with  worms  or  small  minnows. 

The  fresh-water  drum  grows  to  a  length  of  four  feet  and  a  weight  of 
sixty  pounds,  but  the  average  market  specimens  rarely  exceed  two  feet 
in  length  and  in  many  parts  of  the  West  much  smaller  ones  are  preferred. 
Nothing  is  recorded  about  the  breeding  habits  of  this  species,  and  as  to 
its  edible  qualities  there  is  the  greatest  difference  of  opinion.  Some 
writers  claim  that  its  flesh  is  tough  and  coarse  with  a  disagreeable  odor, 
especially  in  the  Great  Lakes.  Individuals  from  the  Ghio  river  and 
from  more  southern  streams  are  fairly  good  food  fish,  while  in  Texas 
Mr.  Turpe  considers  it  one  of  the  most  excellent  of  the  fresh-watt-r 
fishes,  comparing  favorably  with  black  bass.  Mr.  Robert  Ridgway  of 
the  National  Museum  at  Washington,  pronounces  the  species  from  the 
Wabash  river  in  Indiana,  a  fine  table  fish  although,  he  says,  other  people 
there  consider  it  inferior.  Richardson  described  what  is  supposed  to 
be  a  deformed  specimen  of  this  drum  under  the  name  of  malasheganv, 
which  he  had  from  Lake  Huron.  He  described  it  as  a  firm,  white,  well- 
tasting  fish,  but  never  fat  and  requiring  much  boiling. 

Family   COTTID.ffi    (  Thk   Scdlpjxh). 
(iExis  URANIDEA  DkKay. 
154.  Uranidea  richardsoni  (iiRAiti.. 

The  Milhi's  Tliiiiiih.     (FO/nrr  74.) 

The  body  is  robust  with  11  hroad  aiul  rather  short  hoad :  the  preopon-ular  spine 
«hortand  slmrp.  nearly  .straight,  turned  upward  an<i  ba.-kward  ;  tw.,  snutller  spines 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


137 


1 


below  it.  The  depth  of  the  body  is  variable,  equaling  from  one-sixth  to  one-fourth 
of  the  total  without  caudal ;  the  head  equals  three-tenths  of  the  same  length.  The 
skin  is  usually  smooth  or  with  minute  prickles  behind  the  axil  of  the  pectoral. 

D.  V[-VIII,  16;  A.  12-13;  V.  T,  4. 

The  color  is  olivaceous,  much  speckled  ;  sides  usually  with  several  distinct,  rather 
broad  cross  bands. 

Bull  head,  blob  and  mufile-jaws  are  names  applied  to  the  miller's 
thumb,  which  has  been  associated  with  Richardson's  name. 

The  typical  Richardson's  miller's  thumb  is  found  in  the  upper  Great 
Lakes,  but  in  Pennsylvania  there  are  two  varieties  of  it.  The  one  known 
as  Uranidea  luihoni,  inhabits  the  Ohio  valley,  and  the  other,  meridio- 
nalis,  frequents  the  AUeghenies.  The  typical  form  ranges  from  Canada 
and  the  Great  Lakes  to  Georgia  and  Arkansas,  It  is  most  abundant  in 
stony  brooks,  cold  lakes,  caves  and  springs.  It  is  extremely  variable  in 
size,  color  and  length  of  fins  and  number  of  rays. 

This  species  grows  to  a  length  of  seven  inches  under  favorable  cir- 
cumstances and  is  one  of  the  most  destructive  enemies  of  the  eggs  and 
young  of  brook  trout  and  other  members  of  the  salmon  family. 

156.  Uranidea  viscosa  Haldeman. 

The  Slippery  ^filler's  Thumb. 

Body  stout;  well  supplied  with  mucus  pores.  Depth  of  l)ody  much  less  than 
length  of  head,  which  is  two-sevenths  of  the  total  without  caudal ;  the  depth  is  scarcely 
more  than  one-fifth  of  this  same  length.  A  short  sharj)  spine  on  the  preopercle, 
turned  obliquely  aipward.     Fins  low. 

D.  VI,  18;  A.  14;  V.  1,3. 

The  numerous  mucus  pores  of  the  skin  throw  ort"  a  vistMd  secretion  which  has 
given  rise  to  the  specific  name  of  this  fish. 

Color  olivaceous,  mottled  with  darker.     The  spinous  dorsal  has  a  red  edge. 

The  slippery  miller's  thuml)  is  a  species  of  apparently  limited  distri- 
bution. It  was  originally  found  in  Penns.ylvania  by  Prof.  Haldeman  and 
is  known  from  only  two  other  states,  Maryland  and  Virginia.  This  is  a 
small  species,  reaching  a  length  of  but  three  inches,  and  belongs  to  the 
section  without  palatine  teeth.  Nothing  is  recorded  of  its  habits  except 
that  it  is  frequently  found  in  caves. 

156.  Uranidea  g:racili8  Heckel. 

The  SItMiflei-  Miller's  Thiinii*. 

The  body  is  moderately  slender,  spindle-shaped  ;  mouth  large,  the  upper  Jaw 
reaching  nearly  to  the  mid<Ue  of  the  eye.  The  preopercular  spine  is  moderately 
large,  covered  by  skin.  The  pectorals  reach  to  the  origin  of  the  anal,  and  the  vent- 
rals  to  the  vent.  The  depth  of  the  lunly  is  one-fifth,  and  the  length  of  the  head  two- 
sevenths  of  the  total  without  caudal.  Teeth  in  villiform  bands  on  the  jaws  and 
voaaer,  none  on  the  palatine  l>ones. 

D.  VIII,  16;  A.  12. 

The  sides  are  olivaceous,  mottled  with  darker.     A  red  margin  on  spinous  ilorsal. 

The  miller's  thumb  or  little  star  gazer  is  an  inhabitant  of  New  England 
and  New  York.     In  Pennsylvania  it  occurs  in  the  headwaters  of  the 


138 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


139 


Susquehanna  and  Allegheny  rivers.  This  species  grows  to  a  length  of 
four  inches  and  is  represented  by  several  varieties,  one  of  which  has  the 
body  robust  instead  of  slender  and  another  has  the  slender  body  as  in 
(jravUis,  but  with  longer  fins. 

This  fish  is  found  under  stones  in  clear,  rocky  and  gravelly  brooks.  It 
has  no  importance  either  as  food  or  bait  and  is  very  destructive  to  the 
eggs  of  other  fishes. 

Family  6ADID.£  (The  Con-FisHEu). 
Geni's  lota  C'uvier. 
157.  Lota  maculosa  Le  Siedk. 

The  Biii'l)ol.      (Fi;nirr  7-',.) 

Tho  body  (.fti.e  In.rl.ot  is  elongalo,  cel-.shape<i  :  its-greatest  height  ec.ualinir  the 
length  of  head  without  snout,  antl  about  one-si.xth  of  total  without  caudal  ;  it  is 
roundish,  somewhat  compressed  posteriorly.  The  eye  is  small,  le.ss  than  one-half 
length  of  snoutand  about  one-eightii  length  of  head.  The  upper  jaw  reaches  slightlv 
.)eyond  the  Innd  margin  of  the  eye,  its  length  three-sevenths  length  of  head  The 
lower  .law  is  included  within  the  upper,  and  has  a  stout  barbel  which  is  nearly  one- 
hfth  as  long  as  the  head  ;  the  ventral  is  longer  than  the  pectoral,  but  does  notVeach 
hal  way  to  vent;  the  pectoral  is  halfas  longas  the  hea.l;  the  distance <.f  the  first  dor- 
sal from  the  head  equals  the  height  of  the  body;  the  longest  ravofthe  first  dorsal 
e.iuals  hall  the  length  of  its  base;  the  dorsal  fins  are  separated*^  by  a  nariow  inter- 
space ;  the  second  dorsal  is  higher  than  the  first,  ami  the  length  of  its  base  is  nearly 
one-half  total  without  caudal;  the  anal  begins  t.n.ler  the  ninth  ray  of  the  second 
dorsal  and  extends  as  far  back  as  that  fin  ;  .audal  rounded  ;  ih.>  s.-ales  are  deei.lv 
imbedded  in  the  skin,  not  imbricated.  D.  13,  68  to  7(5;  A.  (57  ;  V.  7  •  vertebra  •>' to 
23 -[38  to  .}!> ;  pyloru;  cwea,  30  to  138. 

Tho  color  is  dark  olivaceous,  reticulate.l  with  blackish;  the  lower  jmrts  yellowish 
or  dusky;  the  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  fins  with  a  narrow  dark  edge. 

The  American  burbot  was  first  described  by  Le  Sueur  from  Lake  Erie 
in  1817.  and,  also  from  Northampton,  Connecticut,  underadifierentname. 
This  common  fish  has  received  a  great  many  names,  including  the  fol- 
lowing: Marthy,  methy,  losh,  eelpout,  dogfish,  chub-eel,  ling,  lawyer, 
lake-cusk,  fresh-water  cod,  aleby  trout  and  mother-ofeels. 

The  southern  limit  of  this  fish  appears  to  be  Kansas  City,  Missouri- 
according  to  Prof.  Cope,  it  has  been  once  taken  in  the  Suscpiehanna  near 
Miincy,  Lycoming  county;  it  is  extremely  common  in  the  Great  Lakes; 
wrstwaiil  it  ranges  to  Monttma  and  northward  throughout  British  Co- 
lumbia and  Alaska  to  the  Arctic  Ocean  :  it  is  most  abundant  in  the  Great 
Lakes  and  lakes  of  New  York,  New  England  and  New  Brunswick:  it 
abounds  also  in  rivers  and  lakes  of  Alaska. 

The  average  length  of  this  sp«'cies  in  the  Great  Lak«'  region  is  about 
two  feet;  in  Alaska,  according  to  Dr.  Dall,  it  reaches  a  lengtli  of  five  feet 
and  occasionally  weighs  sixty  pounds:  the  size  of  the  fish  depends 
cliiefiy  (m  the  amount  of  food  accessible*  to  it. 

It  is  stated  that  tlir  burbot  is  usually  found  in  deep  water  on  mud 
bottom,  except  during  the  spawning  season  in  March,  when  it  fretpients 


hard  or  rocky  bottoms;  the  eggs  are  small  and  numerous,  and  are  be- 
lieved to  be  deposited  in  deep  water:  Dr.  Dall  estimates  that  some  indi- 
viduals contain  several  millions  of  eggs;  in  Alaska  the  eggs  are  of  a 
creamy  yellow  color,  and  the  fish  are  found  full  of  spawn  from  Novem- 
ber to  January.  From  the  observations  mentioned,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  spawning  period  extends  at  least  from  November  to  March  ;  ticcord- 
ing  to  Dr.  Dall  the  males  are  usually  much  smaller  than  the  females 
iind  have  a  smaller  liver;  in  some  males  he  found  two  or  three  gall  blad- 
ders opening  into  a  common  duct,  but  he  never  observed  this  phenom- 
enon in  the  female ;  the  eggs  are  laid  separate  or  loose  upon  the  bottom 
of  the  river.  According  to  Baron  Cederstnim,  a  medium-sized  female 
of  the  European  burbot,  which  is  a  near  relative  of  the  American  species, 
contained  al)out  1G0,000  eggs  :  in  the  European  burbot,  some  eggs  are 
clear,  some  yellowish  and  others  almost  colorless;  the  period  of  incuba- 
tion occupies  from  three  to  four  weeks;  the  eyes  appear  in  fifteen  or  six- 
teen days:  the  embryos  swim  by  quick  movements  of  the  pectorals, 
usually  toward  the  surface  of  the  water,  whence  they  fall  passively  to  the 
bottom. 

The  burbot  is  extremely  voracious,  and  feeds  upon  bottom  fishes  and 
crustaceans.  It  destroys  the  pike  and  such  spiny  fishes  as  the  yellow 
perch  and  sunfish.  In  Alaskan  rivers  it  feeds  upon  whitefish,  lampreys 
and  other  species :  large  stones  have  sometimes  been  found  in  its  stomach ; 
Mr.  Graham  took  a  stone  weighing  a  pound  from  the  stomach  of  a  burbot. 

In  the  Great  Lake  region  the  burbot  is  considered  worthless  for  food, 
occasionally  the  livers  are  eaten;  in  Lake  Wiunepiseogee,  when  caught 
through  the  ice  in  winter  the  fish  is  highly  esteemed :  in  the  fur  countries 
the  roe  is  an  article  of  food.  On  the  Yukon  river  the  liver  is  eaten  and 
the  flesh  is  liked  by  some  persons;  in  Montana  the  l)urbot  is  in  great 
demand  for  food :  the  quality  of  the  ilesh  appears  to  depend  chiefly  on 
the  nature  of  the  habitat  of  the  fish. 

This  is  the  only  member  of  the  od  family  permjinently  resident  in 
the  fresh  waters  of  America. 


I 


INDEX  OF  COMMON  AND  SCIENTIFIC  NAMES. 


A. 

Acantharchus,  107 
Acantharfhiis  pomotis,  107 
Acantliopteri,  101 
Achigan,  117 
Acipenser,  5,  d 
Acipenser  brevirostrum,  7 
Acipenser  rubicund  us,  8 
Acipenser  sturio,  (i 
Acipenseridio,  5 
Alburnellus  rubrilrous,  44 
Aleby  trout,  13S 
Alewile,  58 
Alewife,  liranch,  r»f> 
Alligator,  10 
Allosonuis,  6<> 
Anil)loplites,  105 
Anibloplitcs  rupestris.  105 
Aniia,  11 
Amia  oalva,  11 
Amiida',  11 
Ainiurus,  13 
Aniiurus  albidns,  14 
Aujiurus  niariiioratus,  Iti 
Aniiurus  melas,  10,  H 
Aniiurus  natalis.  15 
Ainiurus  nebulosus,  15,  1»»,  H 
Amiurus  nigricans,  13 
Aniiurus  ponderosus,  13 
Aniiurus  vulgaris,  15 
Aninioca'tes,  1 
Auiinoeu'tes  l)ranchialis.  I 
Aniniocu'tes  niger.  1 
Anguilla,  95 
AnguiUa  rostrata,  Ub 
AnguiUida',  95 
Apeltes,  99 

Apeltos  (luadraeus,  9!» 
Apliredoderida',  101 
Aphredodorus,  101 
Aj^hredoderus  sayanu.s,  lol 
Aploilinotus,  135 
Aplodniotus  grumiiens,  133,  135 
Apodcs,  95 
Argentinidii",  04 
Argyrosonius,  <>> 
Atlierinidu*,  100 


Bachelor,  103 

Bachlorelle,  78 

Bar  fish,  102 

Bass,  banklick,  ltV2 

Bass,  bayou,  118 

Bass,  big,  117 

Bass,  big-fin,  102 

Bass,  black.  117 

Bass,  brown,  117 

Bass,  calico,  102 

Bass,  dark,  117 

Bass  fry,  85 

Bass,  gold,  117 

Bass,  grass,  102 

Bass,  green,  118 

Bass,  hog,  117 

Bass,  lake,  102,  105,  117 

Bass,  Lake  Erie,  U»2 

Bass,  large-mouthed  black,  118 

Bass,  little,  117 

Bass,  niiniiy,  117 

Bass,  moss,  lis 

Bass  mummy,  85 

Bass,  Oswego,  11«< 

Bass,  Otsego.  67 

Bass,  river,  118 

Bass,  rock,  105 

Bass,  silver,  57,  102.  132 

Bass,  small-moutlied  black,  110 

Bass,  spotted,  117 

Bass,  strawberry,  102 

Bass,  streaked,  131 

Bass,  strijied,  130, 112 

Bass,  white,  132 

Bass,  yellow,  117,  134 

Belonidif,  97 

Bill-fisli,  4,  10.  97 

Bitter  head,  102 

Bla«-k-head.  35 

Black  liorse.  24 

Blob.  130 

Blue  Johnny,  125 

Blunt. jaw.  34 

Boleosoma  :esopus.  121 

Boleosomu  efiiilgens.  l::l 

Boleosoma  inirrum,  120.121 


(141) 


142 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Bony  flsh,  63 
Bow-fins,  11 
Bream,  54,113,11(5 
Bream,  blue,  112 

Bream,  <'opper-nosed,  112 

Bream,  red-bellieii,  113,  IH,  115 

Bream,  red-head  113 

Bream,  red-tailed,  113 

Brevoortia,  (J3 

Brevoortia  tvraTinus.  03 

Bro«-liot,  92 

Bronze  backer,  117 

Brook  trout,  SO 

BuUalo,  black.  21 

Buftalo,  brown,  21 

Bullalo.  liigh-baoked,  21 

Buffalo,  mongrel,  21 
Buflalo,  small-mouthod,  21 
Bullalo-lisli,  10 
Buffalo  fish,  big-mouthed.  21 
Buflalo  fisJi,  red-moutiied,  21 
Bullalo  fislies,  21 
Bug-fisli,  63 
BulMiead,  16,  136 
Bull-pout.  16 
Bunker,  6.} 
Burbot,  137 
Burn  stickle,  W 

C. 

Calico  liass,  102 

Campbcllito,  104 

Campostoma,  32 

Campostoma  anonialuni.  32 

Carassius.  54 

Carp,  24,  55 

Carp,  river.  23 

Carp  sucker.  23.  24 

Carp  sucker,  silvery,  24 

Carjjc  blanclic,  26 

Cat,  big-mouthed,  14 

Cat.  bine,  12 

Cat.  cliannci,  12 

Cat,  cluil)by.  15 

Cat,  duck-l»illed.  4 

Cat.  flannel-  moutlied,  13 

Cat,  llat-liead.  Is 

Cat,  Flori«la,  13 

Cat.  great  blue,  13 

Cat.  great  fork-tailed.  13 

Cat,  Mississipi)i,  13 

Cat,  inu«i,  18 

Cat,  IJussian,  18 

Cat,  Schuylkill,  14 

<'at,  silver,  12 

Cat.  spotte<l.  12 


Cat,  white,  12 
Cat,  yellow,  18 
Cat,  yellow  stone,  10 
Catfisli,  brown,  17 
Catfish,  cave,  17 
Catfish,  channel,  14 
Catfish,  common,  16 
Catfislj,  great,  13 
Catfisli,  long-jawed,  15 
Catfish,  margined  stone,  19 
Catfish,  mud,  18 
Catfish,  small  black,  16 
Catfish,  spotted,  12 
Catfisli,  stone,  18 
Catfish,  tadpole  stone,  20 
(•atfisli,  white,  14 
Catfish,  yellow,  15 
Cat-fishes,  12 
Catostomidfe,  21 
Catostomus,  25 
Catostomus  catostomus,  25 
Catostomus  nigricans,  26 
Catostomus  teres,  25 
Cayuga  Lake  sliad,  5S 
Centrarchidje,  102 
Ceratophyllum,  22 
Chain-side,  111 
CJiivey,  66 
Chog-miimmy,  87 
Chouiclia,  72 
Chrosonius,  .32 
Chrf)somus  crytlirogaster,  32 
Chub.  36,  37,  51,  118 
Chuii,  l)ig-eycd,  40 
Chub,  butter,  .37 
CJiub,  common,  51 
Chub,  creek,  51 
Chub,  a-.xy,  37 
Chuli,  horned.  49,  51 
Chub,  nigger,  .37,  50 
(^Jiub.  river,  .50 
Chuli,  silver,  40 
Cliub-eel,  138 
Cisco,  60 

Clinostonius  niargarita.  53 
CI  u  pea,  .58,  60 
Ciupea  chrysochloris,  ,59 
CI u pea  sjipidissima.  »»0 
Ciupea  vernalis,  58 
Clupeidie.  .58 
Cobbler,  87 
Cod,  fresh-water,  13s 
Coregoniihe,  {\:, 
Corogonus,  6.5,  66 
Corcgonusartedi,  14,  «;6,  m,  c^<^ 
Coregonus.-lupoifonnis.  «;.;,  67 
Coregonus  <iuadrilateralis,  {-yt; 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


143 


Coregonus  richardsoni,  67 

E. 

Coregonus  tuUibee,  ^y  70 

Eel,  95 

Cottidiie,  136 

Eel,  lamprey,  2 

Crappie,  103 

Eelpout,  138 

Crawl-a-bottoni,  27,  122 

Ell  whop,  58 

Creek  fish  27 

Ell  wife,  58 

Croaker,  135 

Enneacanthus,  108 

Crocus,  135 

Enneacanthus  obesns,  108 

Croppie,  black,  102 

Enneacanthus  simulans,  108 

Croppie,  lake,  102 

Entomostraca,  24 

Croppie,  timber,  104 

Ericymba,  45 

Croppie,  white,  104 

Ericymba  buccata,  45 

Cusk,  lake,  138 

Eritnyzon,  27 

Cut-lips,  36,  37 

Erimyzon  oblongus,  27 

Cyclas,  136 

Erimyzon  sucetta,  27 

Cycleptus,  24 

Esocidje,  89 

Cycleptus  elongatus,  24 

Esox,  80,  91 

Cyclops,  4,  62,  117 

Esox  americanus,  89 

Cyclostoini,  1 

Esox  immaculatus,  93 

Cylindrosteus,  10 

Esox  lucius,  91 

Cyprinida',  32 

Esox  nobilior,  93 

Cyprinodontida^,  84 

Esox  retieulatus,  90 

Cyprinus,  55 

Esox  vermiculatus,  90 

Cyprinus  carpio,  55 

Etiieostoma,  110 

D. 

Dace,  40,  .50 

Dace,  black-nosed,  47,  48 
Dace,  black-striped,  52 
Da«'e,  horned,  .50,  51,  52 
Dace.  long-nose<l,  46,  47 
Dace,  red-l)ellie«l.  32,  33 
Dace,  rosy,  ,53 
Da<'e,  silver-mouthed,  45 
Daphnia,  62,  117 
Darter,  itlack-sided,  123 
Darter,  Idenny,  124 
Darter,  iilue,  125 
Darter,  tan-tail,  125 
Dartt-r,  green-sided,  121 
Darter,  .lolinny,  120 
Darter,  long-headed.  122 
Darter,  rainbow,  125 
Darter,  sand,  119 
Darter,  shielded,  123 
Darter,  spotted,  121 
Darter,  tessellated.  120 
Darter,  trout,  125 
Darter,  variegated,  124 
Darter,  zoned,  124 
Dog-fish,  11,  88,  i:J8 
Dollardee,  112 
Dorfi,  128 
Dorosoma,  60.  63 
Dorosoma  cepedianuni,  6;? 
Drum,  fresh-water,  135 


Etheostoma  jesopus,  121 
Etheostoma  aspro,  123 
Etiieostoma  l)lennioides,  121 
Etheostoma  caprodes,  122 
Etheostoma  c<i>ruleum,  125 
Etheostoma  fiabellare,  125 
Etheostoma  macrocephalum,  122 
Etheostoma  maculatum,  125 
Etheostoma  nigrum.  120 
Etheostoma  olmstedi,  120 
Etheostoma  pellucida,  119 
Etheostoma  peltatum.  123 
Etheostoma  variatum,  124 
Etheostoma  zonale,  124 
Eucalia,  OS 

Eucaiia  inconslaus,  08 
Eventogiiathi,  21 
Exoglossum.  36 
Exoglossum  maxillingua,  30 

F. 

Fall  fish,  50 

Fall  fish,  smaller,  51 

Fario,  74 

Fat-head,  35 

Frost  fish,  «»6 

Fundulus,  84 

Fundulus  diaphanus,  85 

Fundulus  grandis,  s7 
I  Fundulus  heteroclitus,  86 

Fundulus  majalis,  84 
I  Fundulus  iiienona,  86 


144 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  IB. 


G. 

Gadidee,  137 

Gar,  alligator,  10 

Gar,  bony,  10 

Gar  fishes,  9 

Gar,  short-nosed,  10 

Gar,  silver,  97 

Gar,  soft,  97 

Gar  pike,  9 

Gar  pike,  common,  10 

Gar  pike,  lonfj:-nosed,  10 

Gar  pike,  short-nosed,  10 

Gars,  bony,  9 

Gaspagie,  135 

Gaspereau,  58 

Gaspergou,  135 

Gasterosteidie,  98 

Gasterosteus,  98 

Gastcrosteus  aciileatus,  98 

Gasterosteus  cataphractus,  99 

Ginglymodi,  9 

Glaniostonii,  5 

Glass-eye,  128 

Goggle-eye,  102,  104,  105 

Gold  tish,  54 

Goujon,  18 

Gray-back,  58 

Grayling,  71 

Grayling,  Alaskan,  71 

Grayling,  Michigan,  71 

Grayling,  Rocky  Mountain,  71 

Green  head,  131 

Grindle,  11 

Gronias,  17 

Gronias  nigrilabris,  17 

Growler,  117 

Gudgeon,  39 

Gudgeon,  New  York,  86 

Gudgeon,  Niagara,  47 

H. 

Hairy  back,  (>4 
Haleconiorphi,  11 
Hammer  head,  27 
Haplomi,  84 
necht,92 
Hemibranchii,  98 
Herring,  branch,  58 
Herring,  big-eyed,  68 
Herring,  lake,  (59 
Herring,  river,  58 
Herring,  spring,  58 
Herring,  thread,  64 
Herring,  toothed,  57 
Herring,  wall-eyed,  58 
Herrings,  58 


Hiodon,  56 

Hiodon  alosoiaes,  57 

Hiodon  lergisus,  57 

Hiodon tida%  56 

Hog  fish,  122 

Hog  molly,  27,  122 

Hog  mullet,  27 
Horn-fish,  128 

Horn-pout,  16 
Horny-head,  50 
Horse  fish,  130 
Hybognathus,  33 
Hybognathus  nuchalis,  33.  35 
Hybognathus  regius,  33,  34 
Hybopsis,  48 
Hybopsisaml)lops,  49 
Hybopsis  bifrenatus,  37 
Hybopsis  chalybff  us,  41 
Hybopsis  dissimilis,  48 
Hybopsis  kentuckiensis,  49 
Hyperoartia,  1 

I. 

Ichthyomyzon,  3 
Ictalurus,  12 
Ictalurus  punotatus,  12 
Ictiobus,  21 
Ictiobus  bubalus,  21 
Ictiobus  carpio,  22 
Ictiobus  cyprinus,  24 
Ictiobus  difibrmis,  22 
Ictiobus  urus,  21 
Ictiobus  velifer,  23 
Isospondyli,  56 


Figure  16. 


THE  BROOK  LAMPREY. 


Page  1. 


J. 


Jack,  91,  128 
Jerker,  50 
Jewel-head,  135 
John-a-grindle,  11 
John  demon,  104 
Jumper,  117,  118  " 


K. 


Killifish,  barred,  85,  86 
Killifish,  common,  8«) 
Killifish,  striped,  84,  85 

L. 

Labidesthes,  100 
Labidesthes  sicculus.  \m 
Lake  cusk,  138 
Lamplighter,  102 
Lamprey,  brook,  1 
Lamprey,  mud,  1 
Lamprey,  sea,  2 


Figure  17. 


THE  SEA  LAMPREY. 


Pa$e2. 


Figure  18. 


THE  PADDLE  FISH 


Paoe3, 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  17. 


Figure  19. 


THE    COMMON  STURGEON. 


Page  6. 


Figure  20. 


THE  LAKE  STURGEON. 


Pa$e8. 


Figure  21. 


THE  SPOTTED  GAT-FISH. 


PapelE. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  18. 


Figure  22. 


THE  GREAT  CAT-FISH. 


Page  13. 


Figure  23. 


THE   CHANNEL  CAT-FISH. 


Page  14. 


Figure  24. 


THE   LONG -JAWED   CAT-FISH. 


Panels. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  19. 


Figure  25. 


THE   COMMON  CATFISH. 


Page  16. 


Figure  26. 


THE   MARGINED    STONE  CATFISH. 


Pa$el9. 


Figure  27. 


THE  BIG-MOUTHED  BUFFALO  FISH. 


Pa5e2L 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  20. 


Figure  28. 


THE    CARP  SUCKER. 


Page  22. 


Figure  29. 


THE    BLACK   HORSE. 


Pa$e  24. 


Figure  30. 


THE    NORTHERN  SUCKER. 


Page  25. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  21. 


Figure  31. 


THE    STONE  TOTER. 


Page  26. 


Figure  32. 


THE    STRIPED  SUCKER. 


Page  28. 


Figure  33. 


THE  RED    HORSE. 


Pape  29. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  22. 


Figure  34. 


THE  BIG -JAWED   SUCKER. 


Pa$e  31. 


Figure  35. 


THE  RED-BELLIED   DACE. 


Pa$e  32. 


Figure  36. 


THE   CUT-LIPS   OR    CHUB 


Page  36. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  23. 


Figure  37. 


THE    GUDGEON   OR  SMELT. 


Pa$e  39. 


Figure  38. 


THE   RED -FIN. 


Pa$e  42. 


Figure  39. 


THE  BLACK-NOSED    DACE. 


Page  47. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  24. 


Figure  40. 


THE   HORNED    CHUB. 


Pa$e  49. 


Figure  41. 


THE    FALL  FISH 


?a$e  50. 


Figure  42. 


THE    ROACH. 


Pa^e  53. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


Figure  43. 


THE   GOLD  FISH. 


PLATE  25. 


Pa§e  54. 


Figure  44. 


THE  NORTHERN  MOON-EYE 


Pa$e  57. 


Figure  45. 


THE  BR;i.NCH  HERRING. 


Pa^^e  58. 


^ISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  26. 


Figure  46. 


THE   SMELT. 


Pa$e  64. 


Figure  47. 


THE  ROUND  WHITEFISH. 


Pa$e  66. 


Figure  48. 


THE  LAKE   HERRING. 


Page  69. 


ISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  27. 


Figure  49. 


THE   TULLIBEE, 


Pa$e  70. 


Figure  50. 


THE  GRAYLING. 


Pa$e  71. 


Figure  51. 


THE   STRIPED   KILLIFISH. 


Page  84. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  28. 


Figure  52. 


THE    COMMON  KILLIFISH. 


Page  86. 


I 


li 


4 


Figure  53. 


THE    BANDED   PICKEREL. 


Pa$e  89. 


'*  ii 


•!.■ 


■  M 


Figure  54. 


THE    LITTLE    PICKEREL. 


Page  90. 


ilT 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  29. 


Figure  55 


THE   CHAIN  PICKEREL. 


^        Pa$e  90. 


11  • . 


Figure  56. 


THE    PIKE, 


Pa$e91. 


,•'  'I 


Figure  57. 


THE    MASCALONGE. 


Pa$e  93. 


I    » 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  30. 


Figure  58. 


THE   EEL. 


Page  95. 


Figure  59. 


THE   CRAPPIE. 


Page  103. 


Figure  60 


THE   BLACK-BANDEB   SUNFISH.      Page  109. 


nSHES  OFPENNSYLYANIA-BEAN 


Figure  61 


THE    GREEN   SUNFISH. 


PLATE  31- 


Page  110. 


11 : 


■  '  >!. 


Figure  62. 


THE   BLUE    SUNFISH. 


Pa$e  112. 


Figure  63. 


THE  LONG  EAREl]  SUNFISH. 


Page  113. 


ll'll 
1 


PISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN 


PLATE  32. 


Figure  64. 


Figure  65 


THE  RED-BELLIED    BREAM.   Pa$e  114. 


THE    COMMON   SUNFISH.       Page  115. 


I .. 


'  1 

iil 


1  .  /  -il 


^?J^^ 


Figure  66.  THE    LARGE-MOUTHED   BLACK  BASS.  Page  118. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


I|      Figure  67. 


> 


THE    TESSELLATED    DARTER. 


PLATE  33. 


Page  120. 


^1 


'  • 


Figure  68. 


THE    LOG    PERCH. 


Pa$e  122. 


Figure  69. 


THE    BLUE    PIKE. 


Page  129. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


Figure  70. 


THE    SAUGER. 


PLATE  34. 


Pa$e  130. 


:1 


Figure  71. 


THE    WHITE    BASS. 


Pa$el32. 


Figure  72. 


THE  YELLOW    BASS. 


Page  134. 


•  I)  Ll. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA -BEAN. 


PLATE  35. 


Figure  73. 


THE    FRESH  WATER  DRUM 


Figure  74. 


THE    MILLERS  THUMB 


Page  135. 


Pa$el36. 


*    I 


Figure  75. 


THE   BURBOT. 


P.?pel37. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


145 


Lamprey,  silver,  3 
Lamprey,  small  black,  1 
Lamprey  eel,  2 
Lampreys,  1 
Lawyer,  11,  138 
Lepisosteidae,  9 
Lepisosteus,  9 
Lepisosteus  osseus,  9 
Lepisosteus  platystomus,  10 
Lepomis,  110 
Lepomis  auritus,  113 
Lepomis  oyanell us,  110 
Lepomis  gihbosus,  115 
Lepomis  macrochirus,  111 
Lepomis  megalotis,  114 
Lepomis  pallidus,  112 
Leptops,  18 
Leptops  olivaris,  18 
Limnsea,  8 
Ling,  138 
Log  perch,  122 
Losh,  138 
liOta,  137 

Lota  maculosa,  137 
Ijuceio,  92 
Lunge,  82 

M. 

Mackinaw,  82 
Marthy,  138 
Mascalonge,  93 
Mascalfingus,  93 
Mask  in  on  ge,  94 
May  fish,  85 
Melantho,  8 
Menliaden,  <)3 
Monidia,  100 
Menidia  beryllina,  100 
Menidia  |>eninsuhr,  100 
Menobran<-hu8,  68 
Mesogonistius,  10i> 
Mesogonistius  cluptodon,  109 
Methy,  138 
Micropterus,  116 
Micropterus  dolomieu,  116 
Micropterus  salmoides,  lis 
Miller's  thumb,  136 
Miller's  thumb,  slender,  137 
Miller's  tliumb,  slippery,  137 
Minister,  16 

Minnow,  blunt-nosed,  36 
Minnow,  l)ridled,  37 
Minnow,  emerald,  44 
Minnow,  fat-head,  36 
Minnow,  hungry,  41 
Minnow,  nnul,  88 
Minnow,  pearl,  53 
10  FiRHEH. 


Minnow,  pigmy,  41 
Minnow,  red-bellied,  33 
Minnow,  red-sided,  52 
Minnow,  rosy-faced,  44 
Minnow,  salt-water,  86 
Minnow,  silvery,  33,  34,  39 
Minnow,  smelt,  34 
Minnow,  steel-back,  32 
Minnow,  sucker,  46 
Minnow,  toothed,  86 
Minnows,  32 
Minytrema,  28 
Minytrema  melanops,  28 
Moon-eye,  57 
Moon-eye,  northern,  67 
Moon-eyes,  56 
Morone,  132 
Moron e  americana,  132 
Morone  interrupta,  134 
Moss  bunker,  63 
Motlier-of-eels,  138 
Moxostoma,  28 
Moxostoma  sinisurum,  28 
Moxostoma  aureolum,  30 
Moxostoma  crassilabre,  30 
Moxostoma  duquesnei,  29 
Moxostoma  macrolepidotum,  29 
Mud-dace,  88 
Mud-fish,  11,  86 
Mud-minnow,  88 
Mud-minnow,  striped,  88 
MuHU'-.jaws,  136 
Mullet,  27,  29 
Mullet,  carp,  29 
Mullet,  lake,  30 
Miimmicliog,  86 
Mummichog,  banded,  85 
Mummichog,  spring,  86 
Mummichog,  striped,  85 
Mummy,  87 
Mummy,  bass,  85 
Nfuscalonge,  94 
Muskallungc,  94 
Muskcllunge,  94 
Myzonts,  1 

N. 

Namaycusli,  82 
Needle  fish,  97 
Nematognatlii,  12 
Newlight,  104 
Xotemigoiuis,  53 
Notemigonus  chrysoleucua,  53 
Not  ro pis,  37 
Notropis  amarus,  38,  39 
Notropis  ardens,  42 
Notropis  atherinoides,  44 


146 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Notropis  liifreiiatus,  37 
Notropisi'halybjuus,  41 
Notropis  dilectus,  44 
Notropis  (linemiis,  45 
Notropis  liudsonius,  34,  38,  39 
Notropis  jejunus.  41 
Notropis  inegalops,  40 
Notropis  pliotogonis,  43 
Notropis  iiroene,  37 
Notropis  scabrieeps,  42 
Notropis  whipplei,  39 
Noturus,  15,  18 
Noturus  liavus,  18 
Noturus  gyrinus,  20 
Noturus  insignis,  19 
Noturus  marginatus,  20 

O. 

Okow,  128 
Oncorliynchus,  72 
Oneorhynchus  chouicha,  72 
Osinerus,  CA 
Osmerus  uiordax,  M 

P. 

Paddle-fish,  3,  4 
Paddle-lislies.  3 
Painted  tail.  117 
Paludina,  13r> 
Pearth,  black,  117 
Pearoh,  trout.  117 
Perca,  126 

Peroa  llavescens,  126 
Percc'soces,  100 
PerHi,  113 
Percli,  l)la('k,  J 17 
Pcrfh,  bridge,  104,  117 
Pereli,  chinquapin,  102,  104 
Peroli,  goggle-eyed,  102 
Perch,  log,  122 
Perch  piko,  127 
Perch,  pirate,  101 
Percli,  re«l-bellied,  113 
Perch,  red-eyed,  105 
Perch,  ringed.  126 
Perch,  sand,  102 
Perch,  silver,  102 
Percl),  speckled,  104 
Percli,  strawberry,  102,  104 
Perch,  striped,  126 
Perch,  sun,  113 
Perch,  tin.  104 
Perch.  tr(»ut,  84,  117 
Perdi,  wliite,  132,  135 
Percli,  yellow,  117,  126 
Percidu',  1141 


Percopsidjv,  84 
Pereopsis,  84 
Percopsis  guttatus,  84 
Petron.yzon,  1,  2 

Petroinyzon  concolor,  .3,  9 
Petromyzon  niarinus,  2 

Petronij'zontidje,  1 

Phena(!Obius.  46 

Phenacobius  teretulus,  46 

Phoxinus,  52 

Phoxinus  olongatus,  52 

Phoxinus  funduloides,  52 

Phoxinus  margaritus,  53 

Physa,  8 

Piearel,  128 

Pickerel,  92,  128,  130 

Pickerel,  bantled,  89 

Pickerel,  chain,  90 

Pickerel,  eastern,  91 

Pickerel,  great  northern,  9C 

Pickerel,  little,  90 

Pickering,  130 

Picorellus,  89 

Pike,  91 

Pike,  blue,  94,  128,  129 

Pike,  bony,  10 

Pike,  federation,  91 

Pike,  grass,  92,  128 

Pike,  gray,  130 

Pike,  great,  94 

Pike,  green,  91,  128.  130 

Pike,  lake,  92 
Pike,  mackerel,  89 
Pike  i)erch,  127 
Pike,  sand,  130 
Pike,  wall-eyed,  128 
Pike,  yellow,  128 
Pilot-flsh.  m 

Piinelodus  leinniseatus,  20 
Piiiielodus  livrfic*,  20 
Piniephales,  35 
Piinephales  notatus,  36 
Piniephales  proiuelas,  35 
Pirate  perch,  101 
Pisces,  3 

Pla<opharynx.  31 
Placopharynx  carinatus,  31 
PI  an  or  bis,  8 
Pd'cilichthjs,  121 
Polyodon,  3 
Polyodoii  spathula,  3 
Polj'otlontidic.  3 
Ponioxys,  102 
Pomoxys  annularis,  las 
Pomoxys  sparoides,  102 
Prosopiuni,  06 
Pumpkin  seed,  116 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


147 


Quill-back,  23,  24 


Q. 


R 


Razor-back,  102 

Red  breast,  1 13 

Red- eye,  10.'),  HI 

Red- fin,  40,  42,  43 

Red  horse,  29 

Red  horse,  golden,  30 

Red  horse,  lake,  30 

Red  horse,  long-tailed,  29,  30 

Red  liorse,  small-mouthed,  29 

IWiinichthys,  46 
Rhinicbthys  atronasus,  47 
Rhinlchthys  cataracta?,  46 
Rhinichth^s  obtusus,  48 
Roach,  53,  54 
Rock,  131 

Rockflsh,  48,  122,  131 
Roccus,  130 
Roccus  chrysops,  132 
Roccus  lineatus,  130 
Rough  head  40 
Round-fish,  66 


Sac-a-lait,  102,  103 
fSail  fish,  23,  24 
Sal  mo,  74 
Sal  mo  fario,  78 
Salmoirideus,  77 
Sal  mo  salar,  74 
Salmon,  4 

Salmon,  Atlantic,  74 
Salmon,  black,  82 
Salmon,  California.  72 
Salmon,  Chinnook,  72 
Salmon,  Columbia,  72 
Salmon,  jack,  128 
Salmon  killer,  1»9 
Salmon,  king,  72 
Salmon,  land-loi-ked,  75 
Salmon,  quinnat,  72 
Salmon,  Sacramento,  72 
Salmon,  Seliago,  75 
Salmon,  spring,  72 
Salmon,  Susquehanna,  128 
Salmon,  Takou,  72 
Salmon,  white,  128,  129 
Salmonidae,  72 
Salvelinus,  80 
Salvelinus  fontinalis,  80 
Salvelinus  naniaycush,  82 
Saproleguia,  73 


Sauger.  130 

Saw-belly,  58 

Scaphirhynchus,  5 

Scaphirhynchus  platyrhynchua,  6 

Scisenidse,  135 

Selachostomi,  3 

Semotilus.  50 

Semotilus  atromaculatus,  51 

Semotilus  bullaris,  ;".0,  52 

Serranidas  130 

Shad,  60.  104 

Shad,  Cayuga  Lake,  58 

Shad,  gizzard,  64 

Shad,  golden.  59.  <>0 

Shall,  hickory,  i'A 

Shad,  little,  58 

Shad,  mud,  63,  64 

Shad,  stink.  64 

Shad-waiter,  66 

Shad,  white,  61 

Shad,  white-eyed,  64 

Shad,  w  inter.  64 

Sheepshead,  13.'. 

Shiner,  37,  54 

Shiner,  conmion.  40 

Shiner,  golden.  54 

Shiner,  red-sided.  52 

Shiner,  rough-hea<lcd,  42 

Shiner,  spotted.  48 

Shiner,  white-eyed,  43 
Shoemaker.  27 
Shovel-fish.  4 
Silurida-.  12 
Silver  tin,  39 
Silver  fish,  54 
Silverside.  brook.  100 
Silverside.  river.  100 
Skim-l.ack.  23,  24 
Skip-ja<-k.  60,  101 
Smelt,  39.  64 
Soldier  lish,  12& 
Spawn-cater.  38 
Si>ear  fish,  23.  24 
Sphicrium,  23,  24 
Spoon-bill,  4 
Squid  hound.  131 
Star-gazer,  little.  137 
Stickleback,  blo.xly,  9{» 
Stickleback,  brook.  98 
Stickl«'l»a«k,  four-spined,  99 
Stickleback,  twfuspiiied.  98 
Stickleback,  Williamson's,  98 
Stink  shad.  CA 
Stizostedion.  127 
Stizostedion  canadonse.  1.30 
Stizostedion  vitreum,  127 
I  Stizostedion  vitreum  salmonenm,  129 


r 


l! 


-.lii 


M?.l 


h: 


:-ii 


m0^      ■ 


148 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


FISHES  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


149 


Stone  lugger,  27,  32 
Stone  roller,  27,  32 
Stone  toter,  26,  32 
Streaked  head,  117 
Sturgeon,  bony,  8 
Sturgeon,  common,  6 
Sturgeon,  lake,  8 
Sturgeon,  Ohio  river,  8 
Sturgeon,  red,  8 
Sturgeon,  rock,  8 
Sturgeon,  ruddy,  8 
Sturgeon,  sharp-nosed,  6 
Sturgeon,  short-nosed.  7 
Sturgeon,  shovel-nosed,  5 
Sturgeon,  spoon-billed,  4 
Sturgeon,  white,  6 
Sturgeons,  5 
Sucker,  banded,  27 
Sucker,  big-jawed,  31 
Sucker,  black,  27 
Sucker,  black-nosed,  28 
Sucker,  brook,  26 
Sucker,  carp,  22.  %\ 
Sucker,  chub,  27 
Sucker,  common,  25 
Sucker,  deformed  carp,  22 
Sucker,  golden,  30 
Sucker,  grey,  26 
Sucker,  gourd-seed,  24 
Sucker,  hog,  27 
Sucker,  large-scaled,  27,  29 
Sucker,  long-nosed,  25 
Sucker,  Missouri,  24 
Sucker,  mud,  27 
Sucker,  northern,  25 
Sucker,  olive,  22 
Sucker,  pale,  26 
Sucker,  rod-sided,  25 
Sucker,  rounded,  27 
Sucker,  sailing,  23 
Sucker,  sand,  28 
Sucker,  soft,  28 
Slicker,  striped,  28 
Sucker,  sweet,  27 
Sucker,  wliite,  26,  20 
Sucker,  white-nosed,  28 
Suckerel,  25 
Suckers,  21 
Sunlish,  banded,  108 
Sunhsh,  liass,  107 
Sunlish,  black- banded,  109 
Sunlish,  blue,  112 
Sunlish,  blue-spotted,  108,  111 
Sunlish,  chain-sided.  111 
SiinJish,  common,  115 
Suntish,  green,  110,  111 
Sunlish,  long-eared,  113,  115 


Sunfish,  mud,  107 
Sunlish,  pond,  116 
Sunny,  116 

Susquehanna  salmon,  128 
Sword-fish,  10 
Synentognathi,  97 

T. 

Teleostomi,  3 

Thorn  back,  99 

Thunder  pumper,  135 

Thymallus,  71 

Thymallus  ontariensis,  71 

Thymallus  ontariensis  ci3-montanu9  71 

Thymallus  signifer,  71 

Tin  mouth,  102 

Tol>acco  box,  116 

Togue,  82 

Top  minnow,  black-sided,  87 

Top  minnow,  striped,  87,  88 

Trota,  78 

Trout,  118 

Trout,  alel)y,  138 

Trout,  brook,  77,  78,  80,  81 

Trout,  brown,  78,  U7 

Trout,  California  mountiin,  77 

Trout,  golden,  77 

Trout,  gray,  82 

Trout,  lake,  82 

Trout,  mountain,  117 

Trout  perch,  84 

Trout,  rainbow,  77 

Trout,  red,  82 

Trout,  salmon.  82 

Trout,  speckled.  77,  81 

Trout,  von  Behr.  "8 

Trout,  white,  117 

Truitc,  la.  7s 

Tuladi,  82 

Tullibce,  70 

Tylosurus.  •»7 

Tylosurus  mariniis,  97 


U. 

I'mbra,  88 
I'm  bra  limi.  88,  89 
I'mbra  pygnuea.  88 
rmbrida-,  8S 
r  ran  idea,  136 
Uranidea  gracilis.  1.37 
Uranidea  mcridioiialis.  136 
l^ranidea  richardsoni.  136 
I'ranidea  viscosa,  137 
rranidea  wilsimi,  136 


Valvata,  8 


V. 


W. 


Welshman,  118 
White  fish,  61, 67 
White  fish,  Menonionee,  <rVo 
White  fish,  mongrel,  70 
White  fish,  round,  66 
White  fishes,  65 


Yellow  tail,  85 


Y. 


Z. 


Zygonectes,  87 
Zygonectes  dispar,  87 
Zygonectes  uotatus,  87 


( IftO) 


i 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Bv    JOHN    (iXY. 


Althougrli  the  area  of  Pennsylvania  is  large  and  her  streams  numer- 
ous, there  are  only  two  outlets  for  the  water  which  falls  upon  her  east- 
ern surface.  The  water  shed  really  commences  out  of  the  state,  and, 
after  following  a  long  and  tortuous  Hue  through  her  territory,  ends  be- 
yond the  limits  of  the  commonwealth.  Of  the  two  great  water  courses 
of  the  eastern  slope  the  Susquehanna  river,  with  its  large  and  important 
branches,  famous  in  song  and  story,  is  well  worthy  of  taking  front  rank 
among  the  finest  natural  shad  streams  in  the  country.  The  extent  of 
*his  river,  including  its  tributaries,  can  be  best  understood  by  the  fol- 
lowing distances :  From  the  New  York  state  line  on  the  North  Branch  to 
the  mouth  of  the  river  the  distance  is  about  two  hundred  and  sixty 
miles.  From  the  mouth  of  Bennett's  branch  of  the  Sinnemahoning  to 
Northumberland  is  something  over  one  hundred  miles.  From  Clear- 
field to  the  mouth  of  the  Sinnemahoning  is  about  thirty-five  miles. 
From  Hollidaysburg  to  the  mouth  of  the  Juniata  is  about  one  hundred 
miles,  and  from  Bedford  to  the  Raystowu  branch  of  the  Juniata  the  dis- 
tance is  over  sjxty  miles.  Estimating  the  tributaries  (the  Swatara,  the 
Codorous  and  the  Conodoguinet)  at  eighty  miles,  and  we  have  a  dis- 
tance by  the  thread  of  the  streams  of  six  hundred  and  thirty-five  miles. 

Ever  since  the  appearance  of  the  white  man  on  its  banks  the  Susque- 
hanna has  been  noted  for  the  quality  of  the  shad  (the  most  important  of 
the  food  fislies  indigenous  to  Pennsylvania)  taken  from  it,  and  within 
the  memory  of  many  persons  now  living  tlie  river  is  celebrated  for  the 
quantity  of  this  delicious  fish,  taken  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago  when  the 
catches  at  the  difi'ereut  fisheries  for  several  hundred  miles  along  this 
stream  were  sufficiently  large  not  only  to  supply  the  immediate  wants 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  counties  bordering  on  the  river,  but  enough 
also  for  salting  down  a  years  supply,  not  to  speak  of  the  number  taken 
a  distance  to  exchange  for  salt  and  other  necessaries  of  life. 

It  is  interesting  to  learn  from  collections  made  by  the  Wyoming  His- 
torical and  Geological  Society  that  beyond  a  doubt  the  Indians,  for  years 
before  the  white  people  thought  of  settling  on  the  upper  stretches  of 
the  Susquehanna,  caught  shad  theres  in  large  quantities.  An  occasional 
stime  net-sinker  can  yet  be  found  on  the  fiats  along  the  river,  and  it  is 
said  that  the  fragments  of  Indian  pottery  unearthed  show  unmistakable 
markings  with  the  vertebne  of  the  shad.     Some  of  the  early  settlers  are 

(IM) 


ys 


\ 


152  THE  SHAD  STREA3IS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


also  said  to  have  seen  the  Indians  catchinor  shad  in  seines  made  of 
bushes. 

The  energetic  and  thrifty  Connecticut  people  who  settled  in  the 
beautiful  Wyoming  valley  were  thoughtful  enough  to  bring  twine  seines 
with  them,  and  no  doubt  were  the  first  white  people  to  seine  the  North 
Branch  for  shad.  They  were  a  hardy  class  of  pioneers,  ready  to  battle 
for  their  rights,  and  during  tlie  thirty  years'  war  with  the  the  Pennsyl- 
vania  government  for  the  possession  of  the  Valley  of  Wyoming,  de- 
pended largely  on  the  shad  supply  as  a  means  of  subsistence,  and'one 
of  the  most  bitter  complaints  made  against  the  "  Pennamites"  in  1784 
was  that  they  had  destroyed  the  seines. 

After  the  troubles  between  the  Pennsylvania  claimants  had  been 
settled  or  quieted  the  shad  fisheries  increased  m  numbers  and  value 
yearly  until  about  the  year  1830,  when  the  internal  improvements  com- 
menced by  the  state  in  1826  were  finished.     The  people  simply  con- 
cluded that  the  fisheries  were  destroyed  and  thenceforth  took  little  or 
no  mterest  in  the  matter,  leaving  the  streams  subject  to  depredations  of 
all  sorts.     Unfair  fishing  of  every  kind  was  resorted  to  and  the  streams 
became  almost  entirely  depleted.     The  gradual  disappearance  of  fish 
was  overlooked  m  the  general  enthusiasm  of  the  people  on  the  subject 
of  cheap  and  rapid  transportation  facilities.     The  commonwealth  could 
not  afford  to  neglect  the  vast  mineral  resources  of  the  interior  and  to 
prohibit  manufacturing  in  order  that  the  fish  might  have  unrestricted 
admission  to  tlieir  spawning  beds  at  all  seasons,  and  the  result  was  that 
in  order  to  feed  the  canals  of  the  state  a  series  of  dams  were  erected  in 
the  Susquehanna  river,  each  of  which  at  once  became  an  insurmountable 
obstruction  to  the  fish  ascending  from  the  sea  to  their  best  and  natural 
spawning  beds  far  up  the  headwaters  of  that  stream 

In  1881  the  Wyoming  Historical  and  Geological  Society,  in  response 
to  inquiries  made  by  the  late  Prof.  Spencer  F.  Baird,  Ignited  States 
Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  touching  the  old  shad  fisheries  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  referred  the  matter  for  investi-a- 
tion  to  a  committee,  of  which  Harrison  Wright,  Esq.,  was  chairman  " 

The  report  submitted  by  Mr.  Wright  shows  that  much  labor  and  care 
were  invo  ved  m  procuring  reliable  data,  and  the  information  furnished 
IS  of  much  interest  even  to  tlie  general  reader.  Accompanying  the  re- 
port was  a  map  of  the  Susquehanna  river,  from  the  junction  of  the  West 
Branch  at  Northumberland  to  Towanda,  near  the  New  York  state  line 
Upon  this  map  was  noted  the  localities  of  the  fisheries  with  as  much  -ic- 
curacy  as  was  attainable  from  the  accounts  received.  It  was  thou-ht 
probable  some  of  tlie  fisheries  were  omitted,  especially  in  the  stretch  of 
river  from  Danville  to  a  point  four  miles  above  Bloomsburg  A  tracino- 
of  tlie  map  referred  to  forms  a  portion  of  this  repoit 

The  information  contained  in  the  few  pages  following  is  in  the  main 
obtained  from  Mr.  Wright's  valuable  report. 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  153 


At  Northumberland,  or  just  below,  was  Hummel's  fishery;  between 
Northumberland  and  Danville  there  were  eight  fisheries  in  order  from 
Northumberland  up,  as  follows:  (1)  Line's  Island  lower  fishery ;  (2)  Line's 
Island  middle  fishery;  (3)  Smith's  fishery;  (4)  Line's  Island  upper  fish- 
ery; (5)  Scott's  fishery;  (6)  Grant's  fishery;  (7)  Carr's  Island  fishery; 
(8)  Rockafeller's. 

The  next  fishery  of  which  we  have  record  was  the  fishery  of  Samuel 
Webb,  located  about  four  miles  above  Bloomsburg.     Above  this  point 
about  four  miles,  and  six  miles  below  Berwick,  was  the  fishery  of  Ben- 
jamin Boon;  the  next  was  located  just  above  the  town  of  Berwick,  and 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  above  Berwick  was  the  Tuckahoe  fishery  (this 
last  is  the  same  as  the  Nescopeck  fishery  mentioned  in  Pearce's  history) ; 
the  next  was  at  Beach  Haven.     Between  the  latter  place  and  Nanticoke 
dam  there  were  three,  viz:  One  at  Shickshinny ;  one  just  below  the  mouth 
of  Hummel's  creek,  and  one  called  the  "Dutch"  fishery  on  Croup's  farm. 
Above  Nanticoke  there  was  one  belonging  to  James  Stewart,  about 
opposite  Jamison   Harvey's  place;  one  at  Fish  Island;  and  one  at 
Steele's  Ferry,  called  the  Mud  fishery.     The  next  was  on  Fish's  Island, 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  below  the  Wilkes-Barre  bridge;  the  next  was 
Bowman's  fishery,  a  little  above  the  bridge ;  the  next  was  the  Monacacy 
Island  fishery ;  the  next  Casey's ;  the  next  was  on  Wintermoot  Island, 
this  last  landing  on  the  left  bank  above  the  ferry  at  Beauchard's;  the 
next  was  at  Scovel's  Island,  opposite  Lackawanna  creek ;  this  and  the 
Falling  Spring  fishery  next  above  belonged  to  parties  living  in  Provi- 
dence, away  up  the  Lackawanna.    The  next  above  was  Harding's  in 
Exeter  township ;  the  next  above  was  at  Keeler's  in  Wyoming  county ; 
the  next  was  at  Taylor's  (or  Three  Brothers)  Island,  this  latter  fishery 
was  no  doubt  the  one  referred  to  by  P.  M.  Osterhout  as  being  opposite 
McKune's  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad ;  the  next  was  at  Hunt's 
Ferry  five  miles  above  Tuukhannock :  the  next  was  at  Grist's  Bar,  about 
a  mile  above  Meshoppen;  the  next  was  at  Whitcombs  Island,  a  mile 
below  Black  Walnut  Bottom ;  a  half  mile  above  this  fishery  was  the 
Sterling  Island  fishery,  and  the  next  above  was  Black  Walnut,  and 
half  a  mile  further  up  was  the  Cliapin  Island  fishery ;  the  next  was  at 
the  bend  at  Skinner's  Eddy ;  the  next  was  at  Browntown,  in  Bradford 
county ;  the  next  was  at  Ingham's  Island :  the  next  was  at  the  mouth  of 
Wyalusing  creek;  two  miles  further  up  was  one  at  Terry  town;  the  next 
and  last  that  there  is  any  record  of  was  at  Standing  Stone,  about  six 
miles  below  Towanda.     Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  between  Northumber- 
land and  Towanda  there  were  about  forty  permanent  fisheries. 
Speaking  of  the  money  value  of  the  fisheries,  Mr.  Wright  says: 
"Our  county  records  only  go  back  to  1787.     We  spent  a  whole  day 
in  searching  the  first  volumes,  in  hopes  that  we  might  find  some  entries 
of  transfers  of  fishing  rights,  but  our  search  was  fruitless;  we  have,  how- 
ever, found  among  the  papers  of  Caleb  Wright  a  bill  of  sale  of  a  half 
interest  in  a  fishery  between  Shickshinny  and  Nanticoke,  called  the 


!l 


l> 


154  Tm:  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


•Dutch  fisliery ; '  the  price  paid  was  £20,  'lawful  money  of  Pennsylvania  ' 
equivalent  to  $53.33." 

It  is  a  matter  of  record  that  Caleb  Wright's  son  received  as  his  share 
of  one  night's  fishing-  at  this  fishery  1,900  shad.  Jonathan  Hunlock's 
interest  in  the  Hunlock  fishery  was  worth  from  $500  to  $600  per  annum- 
It  was  a  half  interest.  A  Mr.  Fassett  was  one  of  eleven  owners  in  the 
Sterlino^  Island  fishery  and  his  interest  was  valued  at  $100. 

Mr.  Hollenback's  information  on  the  money  value  of  fisheries  is  con- 
sidered by  far  the  most  valuable;  he  says  the  Standing  Stone  fishery 
was  worth  about  $300  to  $400  per  annum;  the  Terry  town  fishery  was 
worth  about  the  same ;  the  Wyalusing  Creek  fishery  was  worth  about  $250 
per  annum;  the  Ingham  Island  fishery  $50  less;  the  Browntown  and 
Skinner's  Eddy  fisheries  about  $150  per  annum  each.  "TJie  Widow 
Stewart,  at  the  Stewart  fisliery,  used  often  to  take  from  $30  to  $40  of  a 
night  for  her  share  of  the  haul." 

Tlie  data  bearing  upon  the  commercial  value  only  gives  to  the  forty 
fisheries  an  ainiual  value  of  about  $12,000,  a  very  considerable  amount 
for  those  days,  yet  evidently  it  can  be  looked  upon  as  too  small,  and  the 
"catch"  should  be  considered  in  forming  a  basis  of  calculation. 

At  the  eight  fislieries  near  Northumberland  large  numbers  of  shad 
were  taken;  three  hundred  was  a  common  haul;  some  hauls  ran  from 
three  to  five  thousand.  The  Rockafeller  fishery  just  below  Danville 
(about  the  year  1820)  gave  an  annual  yield  of  from  three  to  four  thou- 
sand, worth  from  twelve  and  a  half  cents  to  twenty-five  cents  a  piece 

The  fishery  above  Berwick  was  one  of  the  most  productive  and  in 
speaking  of  it,  Mr.  Fowler  says  that  he  assisted  there  in  c'atchin- 
•tiiousands  ui)on  tiiousands,"  but  does  not  give  the  avera-e  annual 
yield;  he  also  says  that  at  the  Tuckahoe  fishery  "many  thousands  were 
caught  night  and  day  in  early  spring,"  and  at  the  Webb  and  Boon  fish- 
eries the  hauls  were  immense;  at  the  latter  they  got  so  many  at  a  haul 
that  they  couKln't  dispose  of  them,  and  they  were  actually  hauled  on 
Boon's  farm  for  manure. 

At  Hunlock's  fisliery  the  annual  catch  must  have  been  above  ten  thou- 
sand. At  the  Dutch  fisheiy  in  one  night  thirty-eight  hundred  were 
taken.  At  the  Fish  Island  fishery,  at  a  single  haul,  nearly  ten  thousand 
shad  were  taken. 

Just  before  the  dam  was  put  in,  Mr.  Jenkins  recollects  of  seeing  a 
haul  at  Monocacy  Island  of  twenty-eight  hundred.  At  Scovil's  Island 
the  catch  was  from  twenty  to  sixty  i>er  night;  at  Falling  Spring  fifty  to 
three  hundred  per  night;  at  Taylor's  Island  from  two  hundred  to  four 
hundred  per  night.  At  Wyalusing  the  annual  catch  was  between  two 
and  three  thousand,  and  at  Standing  Stone  between  three  and  four 
thousand.  The  daily  catch  at  Terry  town  fishery  was  about  one  hundred 
and  fifty.  Major  Fass(3tt  says  that  at  the  Sterling  I«land  fishery  "over 
two  thousand  were  caught  in  one  day  in  five  hauls." 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


155 


It  is  a  plain  deduction  from  the  above  facts  that  the  fisheries  down 
the  river  were  much  more  valuable  than  those  above.  Above  Monocacy 
we  hear  of  no  catch  over  two  thousand,  while  below  that  point  they  were 
much  larger,  and  while  from  $300  to  $400  seems  to  be  the  general  annual 
value  above,  we  find  the  fishery  at  Hunlock's,  twelve  miles  below,  was 
worth  from  $1,000  to  $1,200  per  annum.  The  shad  further  up  the  river 
appear  to  have  decreased  in  numbers  yet  to  have  increased  in  size. 

The  opinion  seems  to  be  general  that  the  great  size  attained  by  the 
Susquehanna  shad  was  attributed  to  the  long  run  up  the  fresh  water 
stream  (carrying  the  idea  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest) ;  that  they  were 
of  great  size  is  beyond  doubt ;  nearly  every  one  who  recollects  them 
insists  on  putting  their  weight  at  almost  double  that  of  the  average  Dela- 
ware shad  of  to  day.  Mr.  Van  Kirk  gives  as  the  weight  of  the  shad 
caught  at  the  fisheries  in  Northumberland  and  Montour  counties  as  from 
three  to  nine  pounds. 

Mr.  Fowler  says  he  has  assisted  in  catching  thousands  weighing  eight 
and  nine  pounds  at  the  fisheries  in  Columbia  county. 

Mr.  Harvey,  speaking  of  the  Luzerne  county  shad,  says :  "  Some  used 
to  weigh  eight  or  nine  pounds,  and  I  saw  one  weighed  on  a  wager  which 
turned  the  scales  at  thirteen  pounds." 

Major  Fassett,  speaking  of  those  caught  in  Wyoming  county,  says: 
"The  average  weight  was  eight  pounds,  the  largest  twelve  pounds." 

Dr.  Horton  says  of  the  shad  caught  in  Bradford  county,  that  he  has 
seen  them  weighing  nine  pounds;  ordinarily  the  weight  was  from  four 
to  seven  pounds. 

The  price  of  the  shad  varied,  according  to  their  size,  from  four  pence  to 
twenty-five  cents,  depending,  of  course,  on  their  scarcity  or  abundance. 

At  a  town  meeting  held  at  Wilk<'s-Barre  April  21,  1778,  prices  were 
set  on  articl(>s  of  sale  infer  alia  as  follows :  W^inter-fed  beef,  per  pound, 
7d. ;  tobacco,  pt;r  pound,  l)d. ;  eggs,  per  dozen,  8d. :  shad,  apiece,  Gd.  At 
one  time  they  brought  but  4(1.  apiece,  and  a  bushel  of  salt  would  at  any 
time  bring  a  hundred  shad. 

At  the  time  th«;  dam  was  built  they  brought  from  ten  to  twelve  cents. 
On  the  day  of  the  big  haul  ]Mr.  Harvey  says  they  sold  for  a  cent  apiece 
(Mr,  Dana  says  three  coppers).  Mr.  Isaac  S.  Osterhout  remembers  a 
Mr.  Walter  Green  who  gave  twenty  barrels  of  shad  for  a  good  Durham 
cow.  \ 

Mr.  Roberts  says  that  in  exchanging  for  maple  sugar  one  good  shad 
was  worth  a  pound  of  sugar :  when  sold  for  cash  shad  were  worth  twelve 
and  one  half  cents  apiece. 

Dr.  Horton  says  the  shad,  avcoi'ditnj  to  tiizo,  were  worth  from  ten  to 
twenty-five  cents. 

In  calculating  the  value  of  the  fisheries  near  Wyalusing  Mr.  Hollen- 
ba(!k  has  put  the  vahu>  of  i\ut  shad  at  ten  cents  apiece.  In  1820  they 
were  held  in  Wilkes  Bane  at  $18.75  per  hundred. 


.1 


!; 


'.Y. 


N 


156  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


Every  family  along:  the  river  having  some  means  had  its  half  barrel, 
barrel  or  more  of  shad  salted  away  each  season,  and  some  smoked  shad 
hangring  in  their  kitchen  chimneys ;  but  not  only  those  living  immedi- 
ately along:  the  river  were  the  beneficiaries,  as  the  testimony  shows  that 
the  country  folk  came  from  fifty  miles  away  to  get  their  winter  supply, 
camping  along  the  river's  bank  and  bringing  in  payment  whatever  they 
had  of  a  marketable  nature.     They  came  from  the  New  York  state  line, 
and  from  as  far  east  as  Easton,  bringing  maple  sugar  and  salt,  and  from 
aa  far  west  as  Milton,  bringing  cider,  whisky,  and  the  two  mixed  to- 
gether as  cider  royal,  and  from  down  the  river  and  away  to  the  south 
towards  Philadelphia,  bringing  leather,  iron,  etc.     A  dweller  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  would  go  to  Salina,  N.  Y.,  taking  shad,  and  his  neigh- 
bor would  accompany  him  with  whetstones,  which  they  traded  for  silt. 
The  teams  hauling  grain  to  Easton  brought  back  salt ;  in  good  seasons 
the  supply  of  this  latter  important  item  always  seems  to  have  been  short 
of  the  demand. 

Miller  &  McCord,  a  firm  doing  business  at  Tunkhannock,  dealt  largely 
in  shad,  sending  the  cured  ones  up  the  river  into  New  York  State  and 
far  down  the  river. 

The  shad  appear  never  to  have  gone  up  the  West  Branch  in  such 
quantities  as  they  did  up  the  North  Branch,  and  the  same  may  be  said 
of  the  Delaware,  or  else  the  fish  were  of  inferior  quality,  for  the  dwellers 
from  the  banks  of  both  of  these  streams  came  to  Wyoming  for  their 
supply  of  shad. 

Mr.  Wright  and  his  committee  entered  upon  the  duties  assigned  them 
very  evidently  as  a  labor  of  love,  and  their  investigation  seems  to  have 
been  as  thorough  as  it  was  practical  to  make  it.  They  interviewed,  in 
person  or  by  letter,  a  large  number  of  the  old  settlers,  those  who  still 
live  or  formerly  lived  near  the  banks  of  the  river  and  were  able  to  give 
the  desired  information.  These  persons  in  nearly  every  instance  (cheer- 
fully and  at  no  little  trouble  furnished  the  information  asked.  It  was 
no  little  labor  to  them  to  write  out  their  reminiscences  of  the  early  shad 
fisheries;  necessarily  they  were  far  advanced  in  age,  all  with  but  one 
or  two  exceptions  having  reached  their  "three  score  years  and  ten." 
Besides  these  interviews  the  records  of  the  county,  files  of  old  newspa- 
pers, and  numerous  piinted  local  histories  were  consulted,  and  from 
these  various  sources  much  information  was  gleaned. 

Joseph  Van  Kirk  of  Northumberland  says : 

"I  take  pleasure  in  saying  that  my  recollection  of  the  shad  fisheries 
dates  back  to  the  year  1820.  In  that  year  and  the  succeeding  two  or 
three  seasons  I  fished  at  liockafeller's  fishery  near  Danville  In  our 
party  there  were  six  of  us.  We  fished  with  a  seine  one  hundred  and 
fatty  yards  long,  and  caught  something  from  three  thousand  to  four 
thousand  marketable  shad,  weighing  from  three  to  nine  pounds  At 
that  time  there  were  eight  fisheries  b(itween  Danville  and  Line's  island 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


167 


At  all  these  fisheries  large  quantities  of  shad  were  caught,  and  they 
were  sold  from  twelve  and  one-half  cents  to  twenty-five  cents  apiece.  I 
have  heard  of  hauls  containing  from  three  thousand  to  five  thousand, 
and  three  hundred  was  a  very  common  haul.  People  came  from  twelve 
to  fifteen  miles  for  shad  and  paid  cash  exclusively  for  them. 

"The  cutting  off  of  the  shad  supply  was  a  great  and  serious  loss  to 
this  community  from  both  a  monetary  and  economic  view,  since  this  fish 
in  its  season  was  a  staple  article  of  food,  and  emploj^ed  in  the  taking 
and  hauling  quite  a  large  proportion  of  the  inhabitants.  This  industry 
was  wholly  abolished  by  the  erection  of  dams,  and  thousands  of  dollars 
of  capital  invested  in  the  business  were  instantly  swept  out  of  exist- 
ence. All  of  the  fisheries  were  profitable  investments  and  the  loss  of 
them  to  this  section  of  the  country  was  incalculable." 
Mr.  Hemy  Roberts  writes  from  Falls,  Pa.,  as  follows: 
"The  first  fishery  at  the  head  of  Scovel's  island,  opposite  Lackawanna 
creek ;  not  many  shad  were  caught  here — say  from  twenty  to  sixty  per 
night.  The  next  was  at  Falling  Spring ;  same  seine  as  that  used  at 
Scovel's  island.  The  number  of  shad  caught  here  ran  from  fifty  to  three 
hundred  per  night.  The  next  above  Falling  Spring  was  at  Keeler's 
ferry  (now  Smith's) ;  this  was  a  small  fishery  and  was  only  used  when 
the  water  was  too  high  to  fish  at  other  points.  The  seine  was  hauled 
around  a  deep  hole  to  bring  in  the  shad.  The  next  and  only  fishery  be- 
tween this  and  Tunkhannock  creek  was  at  the  head  of  Taylor's  island, 
or  the 'Three  Brothers.'  This  was  an  important  fishery;  more  shad 
were  caught  here  than  could  be  taken  care  of  on  account  of  the  scarcity 
of  salt.  I  can  speak  of  this  fishery  from  experience  since  1812.  The 
catch  per  night  ran  from  two  to  four  hundred.  The  shareholders  at- 
tended to  it  as  closely  as  to  their  farming  or  other  business,  as  it  was 
our  dependence  in  part  for  food.  Shad  was  of tener  exchanged  for  maple 
sugar  than  sold  for  cash — one  good  shad  for  a  pound  of  sugar.  Large 
shad  were  worth  twelve  and  one-half  cents  apiece ;  a  right  in  a  fishery 
was  worth  from  ten  to  twenty -five  dollars ;  shareholders  made  a  practice 
of  salting  down  more  or  less  shad  during  the  season.  An  incident  in 
connection  with  shad  fishing  presents  itself  to  my  mind,  related  often 
by  my  grandmother.  A  party  of  Indians  returning  from  a  treaty  at 
Philadelphia  landed  their  canoes,  came  to  her  house  to  bon-ow  her 
big  kettle  to  cook  their  dinner  in ;  after  building  the  fire  and  hanging 
over  the  kettle  they  put  in  the  shad  just  as  they  were  taken  from  the 
river,  with  beans,  cabbage,  potatoes  and  onions.  My  grandfather,  David 
Morehouse,  one  of  the  early  Connecticut  settlers,  then  owned  the  same 
farm  I  occupy.     I  am  now  in  my  eighty  seventh  year." 

Mr.  H.  C  Wilson,  residing  at  Mt.  Vernon,  Ohio,  sent  the  following: 
"  I   noticed  in   the   Union  Leader  an  article  in  reference  to  the  old 
shad  fisheries  of  the  Sus(iuehauna  river,  and  it  brought  back  to  my 
memory  many  things  that  happened  in  my  boyhood  days,  among  which 


168  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OE  PENNSYLVANIA. 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


159 


were  the  old  fishermen  and  the  knitting:  of  the  old  shad  seines     The 
semes  were  knit  in  sections  by  the  shareholders,  each  owning  so  many 
yards  of  the  net,  and  each  one  receiving  his  share  of  fish  according  to 
the  number  of  yards  owned.     I  lived  one  year  with  Mr.  Pierce  Butler 
where  I  learned  to  knit  seines,  and  have  never  forgotten  it      We  used' 
to  knit  on  rainy  and  cold  days  and  evenings,  and  when  the  sections 
were  all  done,  Dick  Covert,  with  the  help  of  John  Scott,  would  knit 
them  together  and  hang  the  same,  put  on  the  corks  and  leads-  this  was 
considered  quite  a  trick,  and  but  few  would  undertake  the  job      I  re- 
member I  used  to  go  over  on  the  beach  on  the  line  of  the  Butler  and 
Dorrance  farms  and  help  the  fishermen  pick  up  the  shad,  and  when  the 
luck  was  good,  always  given  one  to  take  home.     I  remember  seeing  the 
shad  put  m  piles  on  the  beach,  and  after  they  were  all  equally  divided 
some  one  would  turn  his  back  and  the  brailman  would  say,  'who  shall 
have  this?'  until  they  all  received  their  share,  one  pile  left  out  for  the 
poor  wome^.     The  boats  with  the  seine  shipped  would  row  up  to  the 
falls  and   then   hauled   out   down  by  tlie  rifiles  opposite  where  Dick 
Covert  used  to  live.     I  think  it  was  a  bad  day  for  the  people  along  the 
Susquehanna  when  the  shad  were  prevented  coming  up  the  river-  the 
fish  would  be  worth  more  to  the  people  than  the  old  canal.     You  had 
better  buy  the  canal,  put  a  railroad  on  the  tow-path,  burst  up  the  dams 
and  increase  the  value  of  all  the  fiats  above  the  dams,  then  you  would 
have  plenty  of  shad  and  all  other  kinds  of  fish,  and  then  I  think  you 
could  afford  to  send  some  to  your  friends  out  west.     I  got  an  old  fish- 
dealer  here  to  send  to  Baltimore  for  some  shad,  but  they  had  been  too 
ong  out  of  water  and  too  far  from  home  to  be  good.    It  used  always  to 
be  said  that  there  were  no  shad  like  the  Susquehanna  shad  " 

Writing  from  Kansas  City,  under  date  of  March  22.  1881   Mr  Alvan 
Dana  says:  '       ' 

quin,  but  at  AVilkoH  Barre  I  havo  seou  shad  eauffht  in  seines  before  any 
bnage  was  bmlt  ther...    The  nets  were  <haw„  at  the  north  side  of  the 
nver ;  I  don  t  remember  to  what  extent  was  the  catcl,,  bnt  I  have  often 
heard  my  grandmother  say  that  immense  quantities  were  taken  in  the 
vicinity  of  her  father's,  who  lived  about  a  mile  below  the  old  'Red  Tav- 
en.  11,  Hanover;  that  at  on,,  haul  9,99D  werecanrfit ;  that  when  they  had 
ffot  all  they  could  procure  salt  to  cure  or  sell  for  three  coppers,  they^^ave 
to  the  widows  and  the  poor,  and  liun^  up  their  nets,  though  the  shit 
were  as  plenty  as  ever.    In  181C,  I  went  to  Owcgo  to  ive  and  there  be 
came  acquainted  with  a  Mr.  Duane,  who  was  ,1-  of  the  m"  who  drew 
the  net,  he  s,.,d  the  actual  i,„mb,.r  was  9,997,  but  two  more  were  added 
to  make  the  figures  all  nines.  auuea 

"  When  the  Nanticoke  dam  was  liuilt,  the  shad  couhl  not  come  above  it 
and  men  were  ,n  the  habit  of  fishing  there  with  a  three-pronged  ilk 
sinker  and  stout  line  and  pole;  this  was  sunk,  and  after  a  few  minis 


quickly  jerked  up  ;  I  caught  two  in  that  way  ;  others  had  better  luck, 
and  it  was  reported  that  one  man  caught  seventy  in  one  day ;  but  I  think 
a  large  reduction  would  come  nearer  the  truth." 

Mr.  C.  Dorrance  sends  from  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  the  following  re- 
port: 

"  I  must  from  necessity  confine  myself  to  the  shad  fisheries  within 
Wyoming  Valley.  My  memory  carries  me  back  to  the  fishery  at  Mo- 
nocacy  island,  the  one  below  the  falls  near  the  mouth  of  Mill  creek,  oLe 
at  Plymouth  (in  part  a  night  fishery),  one  at  or  immediately  below  Nan- 
ticoke falls. 

"The  fishery  near  Mill  creek  was  regarded  as  the  main  or  most  reliable 
fishery,  as  it  could  be  fished  at  stages  of  water  when  some  of  the 
others  could  not,  and  much  the  largest  number  of  shad  were  taken  there, 
sweeping  as  it  did  from  the  foot  of  the  falls,  nearly  the  entire  river  to 
the  bar — drawing  out  upon  the  lands  of  my  father,  where  it  was  my  busi- 
ness, as  a  lad,  every  evening  after  school,  to  be  with  horse  and  wagon  to 
receive  our  share  of  shad.  No  unpleasant  duty,  for  well  do  I  remember 
as  they  came  sweeping  into  the  beak,  the  net  in  rainbow  form  ;  the  corks 
indicating  the  position  where  Captain  Bennett  would  discharge  his  men 
from  the  sea,  or  large  boat  with  the  outer  brail,  and  passing  out  and  along 
the  net,  on  the  discovery  would  shout,  *  Here's  shad  boys,  hold  down 
the  lead  line ! ' 

"As  to  the  money  values  or  rentals,  I  have  no  data  from  which  to  form 
an  opinion,  as  the  fisheries  were  established  by  the  first  settlers  joining 
their  limited  means  with  the  land  owners,  forming  a  company  there  by 
common  consent  to  their  children  ;  none  were  rented  as  far  as  my  know- 
ledge extends.  Owners  of  rights  would  allow  men  who  had  none  to  fish 
for  them  on  shares,  thus  extending  the  benefits  as  far  as  jiossible;  good 
feeling  pervaded  the  community  in  those  days. 

"  With  the  exception  of  an  occasional  striped  bass,  or,  as  they  were 
then  called  "  Oswego  bass  "  of  large  size  (supposed  to  have  been  intro- 
duced to  the  head  waters  of  the  Susquehanna  from  that  lake),  none  of 
value  were  taken,  as  the  nets  were  woven  for  large  shad  only." 

"  I  cannot  better  illustrate  the  value  and  importance  of  the  shad  fish- 
eries at  that  early  day,  to  the  people  on  the  Susquehanna  river,  than  to 
repeat  an  anecdote  told  me  long  years  after  by  a  genial  gentleman  of 
New  England,  who,  in  youth,  visited  my  father  at  his  home  in  Wyoming. 
Leaning  on  the  front  gate  after  breakfast,  as  the  little  children  were 
passing  to  school,  each  Avith  a  little  basket,  the  universal  answer  from 
their  cheery  upturned  faces  was,  '  Bread  and  shad,  Bread  and  shad 
(corn  bread  at  that). 

"What  think  you,  my  dear  sirt  Had  that  fish  diet  anything  to  do 
with  the  known  enterprise  of  that  generation  ?  If  so,  would  it  not  be 
well  to  make  a  strong  and  united  effort  to  again  introduce  so  valuable 
an  element  of  brain  material  f 


■I 


- 1  1 


160 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


161 


"I  am  greatly  pleased  that  our  society  is  ag-itating*  the  subject  of  re- 
storinor  the  shad  to  the  people  of  the  North  Branch,  not  as  a  luxury  for 
the  few,  but  for  all,  cheap  and  faithful  and  coming-  at  a  season  of  the 
year  when  most  desirable  for  food,  for  nowhere  on  this  continent  were 
finer  shad  found  than  those  taken  from  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna river. 

"The  longr  run  of  the  pure,  cold,  spring-made  waters  of  the  Susque- 
hanna made  them  large,  hard  and  fat,  nowhere  equaled 

"  Why  must  we  be  denied  this  luxury  when  other  streams  are  beinff 
filled  with  fish?" 

The  following-  extracts  are  taken  from  a  history  of  early  shad  fishing- 
in  the  Susquehanna,  Avritten  by  Hon.  P.  M.  Osterhout: 

"The  first  shad  caugrht  in  the  Susquehanna  river  was  by  the  early 
settlers  of  the  Wyoming  valley,  who  emigrated  thither  from  Connecticut. 
The  food  of  the  early  emi«rrants  was,  in  the  main,  the  fish  in  the  streams 
and  the  game  on  the  mountains.     The  first  seine   in  the  valley  was 
brought  from  Connecticut,  and  upon  the  first  trial,  in  the  spring  of  the 
year,  the  river  was  found  to  be  full  of  shad.     These  emigrants  had  set- 
tlements along  the  Susquehanna  from  Wyoming  to  Tioga  Point,  now 
called  Athens;  and  each  neighborhood  would  establish  a  fishery  for'their 
own  accommodation.     It  was  generally  done  in  this  way :  Say  about  ten 
men  (and  it  took  about  that  number  to  man  a  seine)  would  form  them- 
selves into  a  company  for  the  purpose  of  a  shad  fishery.     They  raised 
the  flax,  their  wives  would  spin  and  make  the  twine  and  the  men  would 
knit  the  seine.     The  river  being  on  an  average  forty  rods  wide  the  seine 
would  be  from  sixty  to  eighty  rods  long.     The  shad  congregated  mostly 
on  shoals  or  the  point  of  some  island  for  spawning  and  there  the  fish- 
eries were  generally  established.     Shad  fishing  was  mostly  done  in  the 
night,  commencing  soon  after  dark  and  continuing  until  daylight  in  the 
morning,  when  the  shad  caught  would  be  made  into  as  many  piles  as 
there  were  rights  in  the  seine.     One  of  their  number  would  then  turn 
his  back  and  another  would  touch  them  ofi*,  saying,  pointing  to  a  pile, 
who  shall  have  this  and  who  shall  have  that,  and  so  on  until  all  were 
disposed  of,  when  the  happy  fishermen  would  go  to  their  homes  well 
laden  with  the  spoils  of  the  night.     Between  the  times  of  drawing  the 
net,  which  would  be  generally  about  an  hour,  the  time  was  spent  in  the 
recitation  of  fish  stories,  hairbreadth  escapes  from  the  beasts  of  the 
forests,  the  wily  Indian,  or  the  Yankee   production,  the  ghosts  and 
witches  of  New  England. 

"As  early  as  1800  George  Miller  and  John  McCord  moved  from  Coxes- 
town— a  small  town  on  tlie  Sustpiehanna,  about  five  miles  above  Harris- 
burg— up  the  river  in  a  Durham  boat,  and  bringing  with  them  a  stock 
of  goods  located  at  Tunkhannock,  where  they  opened  a  store.  They 
were  both  young  men  and  unmarried.  In  the  spring  of  the  year  they 
dealt  quite  largely  in  shad,  the  different  fisheries  in  the  neighborhood 


furnishing  them  with  large  quantities  for  curing  and  barreling.  Shad 
were  plenty  but  salt  scarce.  There  was  no  salt  except  what  was  wagoned 
from  the  cities  or  from  the  saltworks  at  Ouandaga,  New  York,  and  it 
was  not  unusual  that  a  bushel  of  salt  would  purchase  one  hundred  shad, 
in  fact  it  was  difficult  to  procure  salt  to  cure  them.  At  this  time  the 
German  population  in  the  lower  counties  of  the  state  had  not  learned 
the  art  of  taking  shad  by  means  of  the  seine. 

"There  were  no  dams  or  other  obstructions  to  the  ascent  of  the  fish 
up  the  river,  and  large  quantities  of  the  finest  shad  in  the  world  annu- 
ally ascended  the  Susquehanna,  many  of  them  when  taken  weighing 
from  six  to  eight  pounds  each.  The  distance  being  so  long  (about  two 
hundred  miles)  from  tide  water  to  the  AVyoming  valley  the  flavor  of  the 
shad  was  very  much  improved  by  contact  with  fresh  water. 

"The  Susquehanna  shad  were  superior  to  the  Delaware,  the  Potomac, 
the  Connecticut  or  the  North  river  shad.  The  reason  generally  given 
was  their  being  so  long  in  fresh  water,  which  imparted  to  the  fish  a 
freshness  and  richness  not  found  in  the  shad  of  other  rivers.  Then  none 
but  the  strong  healthy  shad  could  stem  the  current  and  reach  the  upper, 
water  of  our  l)eautiful  river.  Miller  and  McCord  cured  and  put  up  annu- 
ally shad  for  the  market.  They  boated  down  the  river  a  large  quantity 
for  the  times,  and  sold  to  the  people  on  the  lower  Susquehanna.  They 
also  boated  shad  up  the  river  as  far  as  Newtown,  now  Elmira,  from 
thence  they  were  carted  to  the  head  of  Seneca  lake,  a  distance  of  twenty 
miles,  and  from  there  were  taken  to  Geneva  and  other  towns,  in  what 
was  then  called  the  Lake  country,  and  sold. 

"There  was  a  fishery  on  the  upper  point  of  the  island  opposite  Mc- 
Kee's  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad.  This  island  was  known 
by  the  early  settlers  as  one  of  the  Three  Brothers.  There  was  also  an 
important  fishery  at  Hunt's  Ferry,  about  five  miles  above  Tunkhannock. 
Here  large  quantities  of  shad  were  caught  every  spring.  This  fishery 
was  owned  by  twenty  rights,  ten  fishing  at  alternate  nights.  There  was 
also  another  fishery  at  Black  Walnut,  below  Skinner's  Edily.  At  all 
these  fisheries  more  or  less  Oswego  bass  were  caught,  called  down  the 
river  Susquehanna  salmon,  a  most  excellent  fish,  but  they  are  now 
nearly  extinct.  The  river  ought  to  be  restocked  with  that  same  species: 
they  are  a  fine-flavored  fish,  solid  in  meat,  and  grow  to  twelve  or  fifteen 
pounds  in  weight.  The  late  George  M.  Hollanback,  Esq.,  of  Wilkes- 
Barre,  told  me  that  this  bass  was  brought  from  the  Oswego  lake  and 
put  into  the  Susquehanna  at  Newtown,  now  Elmira.  They  were  called 
by  the  old  settlers  swager  bass.  Since  the  building  of  dams  across  the 
Susquehanna  there  have  been  no  shad  caught  above  the  Nauticoke 
dam.  These  dams  also  largely  obstruct  the  passage  of  bass  and  other 
food  fish  up  the  river. 

"The  Susquehanna  is  really  one  of  the  finest  streams  for  fish  in  the 
United  States— the  water  pure,  the  bottom  rocky  and  pebbly,  afl'ording 

11  Fish. 


■«ii 


162  THE  SHAD  STMEAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


163 


abuiulant  means  for  spawning-  and  rearingr  the  young-  fish.     The  obstruc- 
tion to  the  free  passage  of  fish  up  the  river  ougrht  to  be  removed." 

On  February  23, 1881,  Mr.  Gilbert  Fowler,  of  Berwick,  Pa.,  writes  what 
he  knows  about  shad  fishiu<2r  in  the  Susquehanna: 

"I  write  or  dictate  this  letter  on  my  eighty-ninth  birthday.  I  have 
lived  near  the  Susquehanna  river  ever  since  I  was  born.  My  knowledge 
and  recollections  about  the  shad  fisheries  extend  from  Wilkes-Barre  to 
old  Northumberland.  The  first  shad  fishery  near  my  home  was  Jacob's 
Plains.  This  was  located  just  above  the  town  of  Berwick,  and  one  of 
the  most  productive  fisheries  on  the  river.  Here  I  have  assisted  in 
catching  thousands  upon  thousands  of  the  very  finest  shad,  weighing 
eight  and  nine  pounds. 

"The  next  nearest  was  Tuckahoe  fishery,  situated  about  one  and  a  half 
miles  above  Berwick,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river.  At  this  place  many 
thousands  were  caught  night  and  day  in  early  spring.  The  next  was  down 
the  river  about  six  miles  from  Berwick.  This  was  the  fishery  of  Benjamin 
Boon.  At  this  fishery  I  have  known  so  many  caught  that  they  were 
actually  hauled  out  by  the  wagon  load  on  Benny  Boon's  farm  for  manure 
so  plenty  were  they. 

"The  next  fishery  was  that  of  Samuel  Webb,  located  about  four  miles 
this  side  of  Bloomsburg.  This  was  an  immense  shad  fishery.  From  the 
banks  of  the  river  at  this  fishery  could  be  seen  great  schools  of  shad 
coming  up  the  river  when  they  were  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant.  They 
came  m  such  immense  numbers  and  so  compact  as  to  cause  or  produce 
a  wave  or  rising  of  the  water  in  the  middle  of  the  river  extending  from 
shore  to  shore.  These  schools,  containing  millions,  commenced  coming 
up  the  river  about  the  first  of  April  and  continued  during  the  months  of 
April  and  May.  There  was  something  very  peculiar  and  singular  in 
their  coming-. 

"The  first  run  or  the  first  great  schools  that  made  their  appearance 
in  the  early  spring  were  the  male  shad-no  female  ever  accompanied 
them.  In  about  eight  or  nine  days  after  the  male  had  ascended  the 
river,  then  followed  the  female  in  schools,  heavily  ladened  with  o<-g8  or 
roe  Those  were  much  the  largest  and  finest  fish,  and  commanded  the 
highest  price.  Those  shad  that  were  successful  in  eluding  the  seine  and 
reached  the  hatching  ground  at  the  head  waters  of  the  Susquehanna 
after  depositing  their  eggs,  returned  again  in  June  and  July,  almost  in 
a  dying  condition,  so  very  poor  were  they,  many  died  and  were  found 
along  the  river  shore.  The  young  shad  would  remain  at  their  hatchin- 
place  till  late  inthe  fall,  when  they  would  follow  the  old  shad  to  the  saft 
water :  during  the  summer  they  would  grow  from  three  to  four  inches 
long. 

"The  Susquehanna  shad  constituted  the  principal  food  for  all  the  in- 
habitants. No  farmer,  a  man  with  a  family,  was  without  his  barrel  of 
shad  the  whole  year  round.     Besides  furnishing  food  for  the  immediate 


inhabitants,  people  from  Mahantongo,  Blue  mountains,  and  in  fact,  for 
fifty  miles  around,  would  bring  salt  in  tight  barrels  and  trade  it  for  shad. 
They  would  clean  and  sort  the  shad  on  the  river  shore,  put  them  in  bar- 
rels and  return  home.  The  common  price  of  shad  was  three  and  four 
cents  each. 

"Besides  shad,  there  were  many  other  kinds  of  food-fish.  The  most 
noted  among  them  was  the  old  Susquehanna  salmon,  weighing  as  high 
as  fifteen  pounds.  These  salmon  were  considered  even  superior  to  the 
shad  and  commanded  a  higher  price.  They  were  caught  in  seines,  on 
hooks  and  lines,  and  were  the  sport  to  the  gigger  at  night.  Nescopeck 
falls,  directly  opposite  Berwick,  near  where  the  Nescopeck  creek  empties 
into  the  river,  was  a  noted  place  for  salmon  fishing  with  hook  and  line. 
Men  standing  on  the  shore  with  long  poles  and  lines  often,  in  drawing 
out  the  fish,  would  lodge  them  in  the  branches  of  the  trees,  giving  them 
the  appearance  of  salmon-producing  trees.  The  shad  fisheries,  which  I 
have  alluded  to,  were  not  common  property-.  The  owner  of  the  soil  was 
the  owner  of  the  fishery,  and  no  one  was  allowed  to  fish  without  a  per- 
mit. The  owners  of  the  fishery  also  had  the  seines,  and  when  not  using 
them  they  would  hire  them  out  to  others  and  take  their  pay  in  shad ; 
the  seiner's  share  was  always  one-half  the  catch.  At  the  Webb  fishery 
I  have  known  eleven  and  twelve  thousand  shad  taken  at  one  haul.  Those 
fisheries  were  always  considered  and  used  as  a  source  of  great  pleasure, 
value  and  profit,  and  every botly  depended  on  them  for  their  anuaal  fish 
and  table  supply.     It  was  considered  the  best  and  cheapest  food  for  all. 

"  Immedijitely  after  the  erection  of  the  river  dams  the  shad  became 
scarce,  the  seines  rotted,  the  ]ieople  murmured,  their  avocation  was  gone 
and  many  old  fishermen  cursed  old  Nathan  Besich  for  holding  the  plow, 
and  the  driver  of  the  six  3'okes  of  oxen  that  broke  the  ground  at  Berwick 
for  the  Pennsylvania  canal.  The  i>eople  sufi'ered  more  damage  in  their 
common  food  supply  than  the  state  profited  by  her  *  internal  improv(»- 
ment,'  as  it  was  called.  Although  eighty -nine  years  old  today,  I  still 
hope  to  live  long  enough  to  see  all  the  obstructions  removed  from 
one  end  of  the  noble  Susquehanna  to  the  other,  and  that  the  old  stream 
may  yet  furnish  cheap  food  to  two  millions  of  people  along  its  banks,  and 
that  I  may  stand  again  on  the  shore  of  the  old  Webb  fishery  and  witness 
another  haul  of  ten  thousand  shad." 

George  F.  Hortoii  contributes  the  following  statement : 

"  I  spcmt  many  a  pleasant  day  in  my  boyhixxl  with  the  men  who  r.iir 
the  shad  fishery  in  the  Sustpiehanna  near  where  I  now  live.  I  i-ould 
easily  fill  a  small  volume  with  a  description  of  the  varied  amusements 
and  merriments  of  those  by -gone;  days;  but  that  would  hardly  hv  what 
you  are  after.  This  fishery  was  about  two  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Wyalusing  creek  at  the  jilace  we  now  call  Tarrytown  ;  formerly  all  was 
Wyalusiug  along  here.  There  were  other  fisheries  above  and  below  us, 
but  this  the  only  one  I  have  any  jiersonal  knowledge  of.     The  proprie- 


»it 


164  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

tors  were  Jonathan  Teny,  Esq.,  Major  John  Horton,  Sr,  Major  Justus 
Gajlord,  Gilbert  Merritt,  William  Crawford  and  William  Wigton.     Year 
after  year,  for  a  lon^  time,  these  men  operated  this  fishery,  generally 
taking  the  month  of  May  and  a  part  of  June  of  each  year,  always  regal- 
ing- themselves  with  a  little  g-oo  1  old  rye,  and  having  a  fine  sociable  every 
night  when  counting  off  and  aistributing  the  shad  caught  during  the 
day.     Occasionally  they  sent  substitutes,  but  the  fishery  never  changed 
proprietors.     Some  seasons  they  caught  largely  ;  others  not  so  many. 
I  well  recollect  one  draught  or  haul,  when  they  caught  five  hundred;  but 
ordinarily  twenty  to  fifty  at  one  drawing  of  the  seine  was  considered  good. 
The  average  per  day,  according  to  the  best  of  my  recollection,  would  be 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty." 

"  People  came  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  country,  then  just  settling 
up  to  Wyalusiug,  as  far  or  nearly  as  far  as  from  Montrose,  to  buy  shad.' 
The  trade  was  quite  large ;  some  of  the  time  maple  sugar  was  quite  a 
commodity  brought  down  to  exchange  for  shad. 

"Very  few  of  any  other  kind  of  fish  except  shad  were  ever  caught 
Occasionally  a  striped  bass,  large  pickerel,  carp,  sunfish,  mullet,  sucker 
or  a  bullhead  was  taken;  no  small  fish,  as  the  meshes  of  the  seine  were 
large  enough  to  let  them  through. 

"The  shad  were  worth  from  ten  to  twenty-five  cents  each,  according 
to  size.  I  have  seen  them  caught  here  weighing  nine  pounds ;  ordi- 
narily their  weight  was  from  four  to  seven  pounds.  If  we  could  have 
that  old  shad  timle  here  again  it  would  make  us  all,  if  not  rich,  merry 
again.  But  very  few  are  now  left  among  us  who  saw  those  glorious  old 
fishing  days.  Th(^  fishing  for  black  bass  of  these  days  does  not  begin 
with  those  old  fishing  days. 

"I  can  recollect  of  but  one  fishery  between  Wvalusing  and  Towanda 
and  only  two  between  Wyalusing  and  Tunkhaunock." 

The  following  interesting  statement  comes  from  Mr.  S.  Jenkins 
"The  present  inhabitants  of  Wyoming  have  but  a  faint  idea  of  the 
value  of  fish  to  the  early  settlers.  Th(^v  performed  as  important  a  part 
at  Wyoming  jis  they  have  in  the  history  of  all  new  settlements.  A  care- 
ful study  of  the  advance  of  immigration  and  the  settlement  of  new  re- 
gions shows  that  those  settlements  have  be(Mi  guided  and  controlled  by 
the  streams  and  waters  in  which  fish  abounded,  and  hence  were  made 
along  their  shores.  Fish  furnished  the  people  a  plentiful  and  healthful 
supply  ot  food,  easily  attainable,  until  the  forests  could  be  hewn  down 
clearings  mmV,  crops  raised,  cattle  could  increase  and  multiply 

"It  IS  unquestionable  that  the  early  progress  made  in  settling  up  of  our 
country  was  due  in  a  large  measure  to  the  presence  of  fish  which  tur- 
nished  food  in  absolute  al)undancc«  in  the  midst  of  desert  lands-  and  it 
would  be  idle  to  attempt  to  disparage  the  value  in  the  economy  of  those 
times  as  it  would  be  to  prove  the  value  now  l.eycmd  the  mere  mention 
of  the  fact. 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


165 


"The  fish  that  attracted  the  most  attention  and  were  the  most  highly 
considered  in  the  early  times  were  shad.  The  knowledge  of  these  ex- 
cellent fish  in  the  Susquehanna  at  Wyoming  has  become  almost  entirely 
historical,  if  not  entirely  so.  But  few  persons  now  resident  at  Wyom- 
ing have  a  personal  knowledge  of  the  shad  fisheries  there  and  their 
value  to  the  people  in  the  early  days,  and  hence  some  of  the  stories 
told  of  the  immense  hauls  made  in  'ye  olden  time'  seem  to  the  present 
generation  more  fabulous  than  real. 

"That  we  may  better  understand  the  subject  I  will  give  extracts  from 
the  writings  of  strangei-s  and  then  conclude  with  an  account  of  two  of 
our  own  people  and  what  I  myself  have  seen.  In  1779,  when  General 
Sullivan  passed  through  Wyoming  on  his  western  expedition  against 
the  Indians,  a  portion  of  his  advance  were  located  at  Wyoming  from 
May  to  the  last  of  July.  Many  of  his  officers  kept  diaries,  in  which 
they  noted  their  movements  from  day  to  day  and  touched  slightly  upon 
such  objects  of  interest  as  attracted  their  attention.  I  will  give  a  few 
extracts  from  these  diaries  relating  to  fish  at  Wyoming : 

"Dr.  Crawford,  in  his  diary,  under  date  of  June  14,  1779,  says: 

"  'The  river  at  Wyoming  abounds  with  various  kinds  of  fish.  In  the 
spring  it  is  full  of  the  finest  shad.  Trout  and  pickerel  are  also  plenty 
here.' 

"George  Grant,  under  date  of  June  23,  says: 

"'The  Susquehanna  river  atfords  abundance  of  fish  of  various  kinds 
and  excellent.' 

"Dr.  George  Elmer,  under  date  of  23d  June,  says: 

'"Spent  chief  part  of  the  day  in  fishing.  Salmon,  trout,  suckers, 
bass  and  common  trout  are  plenty  in  the  river,  of  which  we  catched  a 
number  with  a  seine.' 

"Daniel  Gookin,  under  date  of  June  23,  says: 

"'The  river  Susquehanna  on  which  this  lies,  abounds  with  fish;  shad 
in  great  plenty  in  the  spring,  as  they  go  up  to  spawn.  The  shores  are 
covered  with  these  fish  which  have  died  up  the  river  through  their  too 
long  staj'  in  fresh  watiT.' 

"There  were  some  twenty  five  or  thirty  what  we  called  shad  fisheries 
within  the  bounds  of  old  Wyoming.  Every  available  point  for  casting 
out  and  hauling  in  a  seine  on  the  beach,  whether  on  an  island  or  on  the 
mainland,  was  used  as  a  fishery  and  had  its  owners  and  its  seine.  The 
average  number  of  shad  taken  at  each  of  these  fisheries  in  a  season  was 
from  10,000  to  20,000,  beside  other  fish  which  were  caught  before  and 
after  the  shad  made  their  navigation.  It  is  given  on  good  authority 
that  10,000  were  caught  at  one  haul  at  the  Stewart  fishery,  about  mid- 
way between  Wilkes-Barre  and  Plymouth,  about  1790.  This  was  called 
the  widow's  haul. 

"The  settlement,  after  the  massacn;  of  July  30,  1778,  had  so  many 
widows  and  fatherless  children  among  them   that  they  made  special 


1(16 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PEXXSYLVANIA. 


provisions  of  bounty  for  them  on  many  occasions,  which  were  wrought 
out  in  such  a  way  as  neither  to  g-ive  offense  nor  to  convey  a  sense  of 
undue  oblig-ation, 

"Among-  the  arrangements  of  this  character  was  that  of  giving  one  of 
the  hauls  at  each  fishery,  every  year,  to  the  widows  and  fatherless  of  the 
neighborhood,  and  hence  called  the  *  widow's  haul.'  By  common  con- 
sent it  Nvas  agreed  that  the  widows  should  have  a  haul  made  on  the  first 
Sunday  after  the  season  of  shad  fishing  commenced,  and  they  were  to 
have  all  caught,  whether  more  or  less. 

"At  the  rate  I  have  given,  which  is  made  up  more  from  general  infor- 
mation upon  the  subject  than  from  statistics,  the  number  of  fish  caught 
annually  was  about  a  half  a  millior,  which,  at  thirty  cents  each,  would 
make  $150,000.  Were  the  Susquehanna  as  well  stocked  with  shad  to- 
day as  it  was  a  hundred  years  ago,  our  keen  and  hungry  fishermen 
would  easily  double  the  catch,  and  still,  like  Oliver  Twist,  'cry  for  more.' 

"  I  recollect  seeing,  in  the  spring  of  1826,  a  haul  made  in  a  cove  at  the 
lower  end  of  AVintermoot  island,  west  side,  numbering  2,800  shad. 
When  thrown  out  they  whitened  a  large  space  upon  the  shore.  Being 
the  first  haul  of  the  season,  the  fish  were  largely  distributed  among  the 
people,  and  even  after  that  my  grandfather  had  a  half  barrel  for  his 
right  as  owner  of  the  seine  and  fishery. 

"  About  1831  or  1832,  in  the  fall,  an  unusual  catch  of  eels  was  made 
in  a  wier  on  the  east  side  of  Wlntermoot  island.  During  one  day  and 
night  2,700  of  them  were  caught,  while  many  escaped  from  want  of 
means  to  handle  them  and  take  them  away  as  fast  as  they  came  in. 
Another  day  and  night  900  of  them  were  caught,  when  the  basket 
floated  off  with  the  high  water. 

"I  herewith  give  you  copies  of  two  papers  in  my  possession  bearing 
upon  the  shad  fishery  question.  It  will  be  seen  i)y  one  of  them  that 
the  price  of  shad  in  the  early  times  was  four  pence,  or  four  and  one- 
third  cents,  each;  <iuite  a  different  price  from  what  they  sell  at  in  our 
day.  Tear  the  dam  from  the  Susquehanna  and  we  shall  have  plenty  of 
shad  if  not  at  fourptMice  each. 

"'Be  it  known  that  I,  Peter  Shafer,  have  sold  all  my  right  hi  and 
unto  all  my  right  in  tin;  Dutch  fishery,  so  called,  below  the,  Nanticoke 
falls,  so  called.  For  and  in  consideration  thereof,  I,  Jacol)'Cooley  do 
promise  to  deliver  seventy  shad  unto  William  Miller,  on  account  of  me, 
the  said  Peter,  on  or  before  the  20th  May,  instant,  or  otherwise  ;?ottle 
with  said  Miller  for  what  I  am  indebted  for  my  part  of  said  seine,  and 
likewise  the  said  Cooley  is  to  deliver  six  gallons  of  whiskey  unto  the 
said  P(;ter  between  this  datr;  and  Weat  harvest. 

"  'Witness  our  hands  this  14th  day  of  May,  1800. 

'"Peteii  Shafeu, 
'"Jaoob  Cooley.' 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  167 


"  '  James  Fox  holds  an  order  for  725  shad  drawn  by  George  Frazer  on 
James  Stewart,  date  April  27. 

"(Indorsed  on  the  back  in  these  words):     'Credit  for  350  shad  re- 
ceived by  me.     David  Morgan. 

"(Indorsed):     'Copy  of  Frazer's  order.     Henry  Thomas  charges  the 
estate  with  4,9.  8c/.  paid  in  rye.     Paid. 
"'No.  40. 

725 
Rec'd  350 

375  shad  at  ^d. 
1256. 

£G  5s., $16  67 

Interest  on  same,      9  50 


$26  17  (£=$2.67)'" 

Under  date  of  March  22, 1881,  Mr.  Elisha  Blackman  writes  as  follows: 
"I  see  by  your  correspondent's  (G.  Fowler,  of  Berwick)  published 
letter  that  he  tells  a  huj  fish  story.  I  incline  to  think,  however,  that  it  is 
true.  I  recollect  when  I  lived  with  my  grandfather,  in  what  is  now 
South  Wilkes-Barre,  perhaps  1798  or  1799  of  last  century,  the  great 
haul  of  shad  at  Nanticoke  was  made.  I  believe  there  were  nine  or  ten 
thousand  taken.  A  number  of  seines  were  engaged  in  it,  and  lawsuits 
were  the  consequence.  Salt  was  scarce  and  dear.  Northampton  men 
came  with  pack-horses  loaded  with  salt  and  returned  loaded  with  shad. 
I  bought  and  kept  the  public  house  that  had  been  kept  by  John  Court- 
right  on  the  Plains,  Wilkes-Barre  township,  in  the  spring  of  1815.  There 
were  two  fisheries  between  us  and  the  Pittston  ferry— one  at  Monocacy 
Island  landing,  on  the  shore  of  Mr.  Samuel  Cary's  land,  the  other  at  or 
near  the  Wintermoot  island,  and  landing  above  the  ferry  at  Blanchard's. 
That  season  I  got  my  supply  at  the  upper  fishery ;  the  first  day's  attend- 
ance was  a  'blank'  day— few  or  no  fish.  The  large  schools  of  Mr. 
Fowler's  times  were  dwindled  greatly,  caused  undoubtedly  by  the 
numerous  fisheries  that  existed  below  and  the  destruction  of  the  young 
shad  by  the  many  eelweirs  m  their  descent  to  the  ocean  in  the  fall. 
My  time  was  too  valuable  to  attend  on  blank  days.  I  left  money  with 
Mr.  Joseph  Armstrong  and  he  s«>nt  me  my  supply  when  successful. 
The  next  season  (1816)  the  difficulty  that  existed  between  the  fishermen 
at  Monocacy  (twelve  in  number)  and  Mr.  Cary,  the  owner  of  the  land, 
by  giving  him  the  thirteenth  share,  settled  the  diftieulty,  and  ever  after 
I  got  my  supply  from  the  fishery  until  the  canal  dams  cut  off  our  sujiply 
totally.  It  was  serious  damage  and  inconvenience  to  us,  as  markets  for 
fish  and  meat  did  not  exist  then  as  now.  The  Susquehanna  shad  had  a 
far  more  delicious  flavor  than  any  we  get  now. 

"General  Isaac  Bowman,  Samuel  Mofiitt  and  some  of  our  Plains  neigh- 


168  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


bors,  /lavino:  secured  a  landing  on  the  Nommock  at  the  foot  of  Monocacy 
island,  fitted  up  a  fine  seine  and  necessary  boats  (canoes)  and  caught 
iialf  a  dozen  shad,  having  fished  twice  as  many  days.     I  shared  two, 
having  found  the  whisky  (before  my  temperance  days);  others  outbid 
me,  determined  to  taste  the  good  of  their  labors.     I  fatigue  much  in 
writing,  being  in  my  ninetieth  year." 
Isaac  Thompson  writes  from  Lee,  Lee  county,  Illinois: 
"I  was  born  in  Pittston  in  1796.     My  father's  form  lay  alongside  of  the 
Susquehanna  river.     I  lived  on  the  farm  fifty-one  years.     In  regard  to 
the  shad  fishing,  as  I  grew  up  to  manhood  I  fished  many  days  in  the 
shad  fishing  season  of  the  different  years.     The  first  run  was  iliQ  male 
shad— not  near  as  good  as  the  female.    After  catching  the  first  run  then 
if  we  could  have  a  rise  of  water  then  came  the  female— a  far  better 
quality.     The  female  put  for  the  headwaters  of  the  river,  and  there 
would  spawn;  then  the  old  fish  would  come  back  down  the  river,  and  the 
wind  would  often  drive  them  ashore,  and  they  would  lay  there  rotting 
till  they  stunk.     People  used  to  come  down  from  toward  Easton  North- 
ampton county,  and  bring  whisky  and  salt,  and  trade  for  fish;  also  from 
the  upper  part  of  old  Luzerne  county,  bringing  maple  sugar  to  trade 
for  shad.     One  man  by  the  name  of  Taylor  bought  fifteen  and  put  them 
m  a  sack  after  they  were  cleaned,  shouldered  them  and  walked  off  with 
them.     I  have  known  upwards  of  a  thousand  caught  in  one  day  on  the 
point  of  the  island. 

"As  to  the  localities  of  the  fisheries,  there  was  one  at  Falling  Spring 
about  four  miles  from  where  I  lived,  another  on  the  jjoint  of  Winter- 
naoot  ishmd,  and  the  next  on  the  side  of  the  island  between  two  and 
tliree  miles  from  where  I  lived.  They  drew  out  on  the  beach  of  Samuel 
Gary's  farm;  another  just  below  that  I  think  drew  out  on  the  farm  of 
Crandall  A\  ilcox :  another  just  below  the  falls.  We  have  done  no  fishin- 
since  the  Nanticoke  dam  was  built."  ** 

Steuben  Butler,  a  son  of  Col.  Zebulon  Butler,  who  led  the  patriots  at 
the  hattle  and  massacre  of  Wyoming,  1778,  says: 

"I  was  born  in  1789:  remember  the  old  shad  fisheries  in  the  river 
hero  voiy  M-ell;  was  not  a  fisherman  myself;  after  the  run  of  sba.l  had 
started  I  used  to  get  in  a  boat  and  row  up  to  the  fishery  and  purchase 
my  supply  of  shad  and  bring  them  down  and  salt  them  away  The 
price  varied  according  to  the  abundance^  of  the  shad,  some,  seasons  bein- 
ess  expensive  than  others.  4s  I  recollect  it  the  Pettibones  used  to 
liave  charge  of  the  fishery  above  Wilkes-Barre  " 
Dr.  Charles  F.  Ingham  says: 

"I  remember  t^e  old  shad  fisheries  in  the  North  Branch,  particularly 
the  Butler  fislieiy  which  was  on  tlie  bar  opposite  and  a  little  above 
Lnion  s  reet,  W  ilkes-Barre.  Nanticoke  dam  was  commenced  in  1828 
and  hnished  in  1830.  and  I  recollect  that  that  ended  our  fishing,  althou-h 
I  saw  shad  caught  below  the  dam  by  hooks  attached  to  poles-think^'it 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


169 


was  the  year  the  Shamokin  dam  went  out — yet  I  have  never  heard  tell 
of  or  seen  shad  being  caught  since  that  time  above  the  dam.  The  shad, 
as  I  remember  them,  were  very  fine  and  particularly  large.  I  have  seen 
the  beach,  after  the  drawing  of  the  seine,  for  a  hundred  feet  absolutely 
alive  with  flopping  shad,  each  one  reflecting  the  sunlight  like  a  burnished 
mirror.  I  recollect  having  the  salted  and  smoked  shad  during  the  fall 
and  winter,  and  fine  delicacies  they  were. 

"  After  our  shad  fishing  was  cut  off,  a  great  number  of  salt  shad  were 
brought  from  Philadelphia  and  other  x^oints,  meeting  with  ready  sale, 
on  account  of  general  knowledge  of  their  delicacy.  I  believe  that  at  one 
time  the  people  knew  more  of  salt  shad  than  they  now  know  of  salt 
mackerel,  and  more  of  smoked  shad  than  now  of  smoked  salmon. 

"I  believe  that  a  proper  shad-way  could  now  be  put  in  the  Nanticoke 
dam  sluice-way  or  chute  at  an  expense  not  to  exceed  $10,000,  and  prob- 
ably for  less,  without  interfering  with  navigation." 

Mr.  Isaac  S.  Osterhout  says: 

"In  1820  or  1821,  w'e  caught  shad  in  very  large  quantities  at  Black 

Walnut  Bottom.    I  remember  well  I  went  with  Captain to  Salina, 

New  York  State,  after  salt,  as  we  had  run  out  of  that  article  very  early 
in  the  season ;  he  had  a  load  of  whetstones  and  I  a  load  of  shad.  I  could 
have  easily  gotten  rid  of  my  shad  on  the  first  day,  had  it  not  been  that 
the  Captain  and  I  had  agreed  that  the  whetstones  should  sell  the  shad, 
and  vice  versa.  So  it  was  several  days  before  we  got  our  loads  of  salt, 
as  the  whetstones  went  terribly  slow.  In  1822  and  1823 1  was  at  Hunt's 
Ferry,  when  the  shad  were  plenty.  I  came  to  Wilkes-BaiTe  in  1830,  the 
early  part  of  the  year,  the  same  year  the  Nanticoke  dam  was  finished ; 
do  not  recollect  of  any  shad  being  caught  after  that.  I  recollect  of  a 
Mr.  Walter  Greens,  who  came  from  New  England  and  settled  at  Black 
Walnut  Bottom  giving  twenty  baiTcls  of  shad  for  a  good  Durham  cow." 

Jameson  Harvey  says : 

"  I  was  born  in  1796 ;  I  remember  the  old  fishing  in  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  river  very  well ;  James  Stewart  had  a  fishery  oppo- 
site my  place.  The  big  haul  was  made  at  Fish  Island  fishery.  I  recol- 
lect it  very  well ;  they  didn't  know  how  many  they  caught.  After  all 
were  disposed  of  that  could  be,  the  rest  were  thrown  on  the  fiehls  and 
pretty  near  stunk  us  to  d(>ath.  They  were  landed  on  the  point  of  the 
island.  There  were  two  seines  on  fish  island  :  one  owned  by  Nanticoke 
parties,  the  other  by  Buttonwood  parties,  who  took  turnabout  fishing. 
The  Mud  fishery  was  at  Steele's  Ferry :  they  drew  out  on  Shawnee 
side.  The  Dutch  fishery  was  below  the  dam  on  Croup's  place.  Below 
Hunlock's  creek  was  another  :  that  was  called  a  mud  fishery.  There  was 
a  fishery  at  Shickshinny.  When  the  big  haul  was  made  the  shad  sold 
for  a  cent  apiece ;  they  sold  as  many  as  they  could :  there  wasn't  salt 
enough.    In  those  days  they  didn't  salt  down  so  much  pork  :  they  de- 


[■ 


170 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


I)ended  upon  tlie  shad  they  caught ;  they  g-ave  the  poor  a  chance  after 
they  g;oi  all  they  wanted. 

"  People  on  the  West  Branch  used  to  own  an  interest  in  the  Hunlock 
fishery,  and  a  Mr.  McPherson  used  to  come  in  a  boat  to  get  their  fish 
and  take  them  back.  They  used  to  come  from  Easton  bring-ing-  salt, 
with  which  they  used  to  buy  fish :  you  could  g-et  one  hundred  shad  for 
a  bushel  of  salt.  Nanticoko  dam  was  commenced  in  1828  and  finished 
in  1830.  I  only  recollect  of  one  shad  being  caught  above  the  dam  since 
it  was  put  in,  and  that  was  on  the  flats  after  a  big  freshet.  The  people 
used  to  go  off  the  bars  with  as  many  shad  as  they  could  carry ;  they  came 
in  from  all  around  in  crowds  ;  they  used  to  camp  and  salt  their  fish  down 
on  the  banks  of  the  river.  Mr.  McPherson  used  to  take  his  boats  back 
to  the  West  Branch  loaded.  He  traded  oti'  cider,  oil  and  whisky.  At 
the  time  the  dam  was  put  in,  shad  were  selling  for  ten  cents  and  twelve 
cents  each.  Widow  Stewart  used  often  to  take  in  thirty  or  forty  dollars 
of  a  night  for  her  share  of  the  haul. 

"  Hunlock's,  Dutch  and  Mud  fisheries  were  night  fisheries ;  Stewart's 
and  Fish  Island  were  day  and  night  fisheries.  Farmers  hauling  grain 
to  Easton,  often  hauled  back  hundreds  of  bushels  of  salt.  Boats  coming 
up  the  river  used  to  bring  leather,  cider,  oil,  salt  and  iron  :  going  back 
they  would  take  shad.  McPherson  and  Hunlock  owned  the  Hunlock 
fishery  and  had  a  large  fish-house.  Hunlock  got  as  his  share  from  five 
to  six  hundred  dollars  per  year,  besides  all  thti  shad  he  could  use.  We 
used  to  have  shad  until  shad  came  again. 

"  The  owners  of  fish-houses  used  to  have  arrangements  so  that  when 
they  run  out  of  salt  they  could  dry  and  smoke  the  shad,  as  they  now  do 
herring  and  salmon.  Some  of  the  shad  used  to  weigh  eight  or  nine 
pounds ;  I  saw  one  woighed  on  a  wager  turning  the  scales  at  thirteen 
pounds ;  about  seventy  or  eighty  would  fill  a  barrel.  The  shad  improved 
very  mucli  coming  up  the  river ;  those  caught  in  this  valley  being  very 
much  larger  and  finer  tliau  those  caught  at  Columbia.  I  remember  when 
Shamokin  dam  went  out,  the  shad  came  up  to  our  dam  and  were  caught." 

The  following  extracts  are  from  the  Susquchannn  Deumcrat  (April  17 
1818)  .• 

"Newark,  N.  J.,  April  7.— On  Weilnesday  three  shad  were  caught  in 
the  river  Passaick.  A  ])air  of  them  weighed  eleven  pounds  and  were 
sold  to  one  of  our  public  innholders  at  a  shilling  a  pound.  A  solitary 
one  was  caught  about  two  week;:  before;  and  sold  to  the  same  innkeeper." 

May  14,  1811). — "Shad  this  season  taken  in  unusual  numbei-s;  they 
have  been  sold  in  Pliiiadelphia  as  low  as  $4.50  per  hundred,  and  at  the 
Potomac  fisheries  as  low  as  $3.00." 

April  21,  1820.— "At  Alexandria  shad  is  selling  for  $2.50  a  hundred, 
and  at  Philadelphia  they  are  selling  for  $3.00.  In  WilkesBarre,  not'- 
withstanding  the  scarcity  of  money,  they  are  held  at  S18.75." 

A])ril  2G,  1822.— "We   congratulate  our  friends  on  the  prospect  of 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


171 


soon  obtaining  a  supply  of  fresh  shad ;  about  sixty  were  caught  here  on 
Wednesday  (24th),  and  yesterday  (25th)  upwards  of  three  hundred.  We 
learn  that  at  Berwick  they  are  caught  in  al)undance.' 

The  following  is  extracted  from  Miner's  History  of  Wyoming : 

"The  month  of  February,  1773,  had  so  nearly  exhausted  the  provi- 
sions of  the  WilkesBarre  settlement  that  five  persons  were  selected  to 
go  to  the  Delaware  near  Stroudsburg  for  supplies.  *  *  *  The 
distance  was  fifty  miles  through  the  wilderness,  etc.  *  *  * 
The  men  took  each  an  hundred  pounds  of  flour,  and  welcome  was  their 
return  to  their  half-famished  friends  at  Wilkes-Bari-e.  Never  was  an 
opening  spring  or  the  coming  of  the  shad  looked  for  with  more  anxiety 
or  hailed  with  more  cordial  delight.  The  fishing  season,  of  course,  dis- 
sipated all  fears,  and  the  dim  eye  was  soon  exchanged  for  the  glance  of 
joy  and  the  sparkle  of  pleasure,  and  the  dry,  sunken  cheek  of  want  as- 
sumed the  plump  appearance  of  health  and  plenty." 

Hon.  B.  L.  Hewit,  of  Hollidaysburg,  formerly  a  state  fish  commis- 
sioner, in  response  to  inquiries  concerning  the  early  history  of  shad 
fishing  on  the  Juniata,  says  that  his  grandfather  and  others  formerly 
caught  shad  above  the  Huntingdon  dam.  A  fellow-townsman,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  ninety,  told  Mr.  Hewit  that  several  shad  were  caught  in 
McCahan's  mud  race,  a  mile  above  Hollidaysburg.  Long  prior  to  the 
erection  of  the  public  works  east  of  the  Alleghenies  known  as  the  canal, 
which  necessitated  dams,  the  shad  came  up  the  river  as  high  as  they 
could  go  for  spawning  purposes,  followed  by  the  striped  bass,  not  large 
ones,  which  fed  on  the  spawn.  There  were  a  few  fisheries  west  of  Lew- 
istown;  pike-perch,  locally  known  as  "Susquehanna  salmon,"  were 
abundant  and  fine,  but  after  the  erection  of  the  dams  these  disappeared, 
and  but  few  shad  were  able  to  go  west  of  Newport,  Perry  county,  some 
of  the  more  vigorous  i^assing  through  the  sluiceway  at  the  Columbia 
dam.  The  early  settlers  living  on  the  banks  of  Spruce  creek  above 
Himtingdon  speared  so  many  pike-perch  that  after  using  all  they  wished 
they  took  what  were  left  (salted)  down  to  Harrisburg  and  Columbia  on 
arks  in  the  spring  freshets  and  exchanged  the  fish  for  coft'ee,  sugar,  etc. 
To  a  limited  extent  they  salted  shad,  but  they  were  not  so  abundant 
then  as  pike-perch.  The  fisheries  extended  from  Lewistown  down  to 
Havre  d(^  Grace,  increasing  in  number  towards  the  Chesapeake. 

The  manifest  decrease  in  the  supply  of  fish  furnished  by  the  Susque- 
hanna river  aroused  public  attention,  and  in  18GG  a  convention  met  at 
Harrisburg  to  consider  the  existing  condition  of  things,  and  an  act  was 
prepared  requiring  fishways  to  be  constructinl  in  all  the  dams  of  the 
Susquehanna  and  its  tributaries.  This  was  promptly  passed  by  tiie 
legislature  then  in  session  and  was  signed  by  the  Governor  on  March 
30*^  186fi.  After  reciting  in  its  preamble  that  by  the  construction  of  a 
dam  across  the  Susquehainia  shad,  salmon  and  other  fish  wert^  prevented 
from  passing  up  the  said  stream  to  the  great  detriment  and  injury  of 


li 


i 


172 


THE  SHAD  STBh\LUS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


persons  and  communities  along:  said  river,  the  act  provided  that  the 
several  companies  ownino^  or  interested  in  dams  on  the  Susquehanna, 
or  on  the  North  or  West  branches  of  the  same,  between  tidewater  and 
Wilkes-Barre  on  the  West  Branch,  should,  within  six  months  from  the 
passaore  of  the  act,  erect  such  underrates,  sluices,  chutes  or  other  devices 
in  all  dams  as  would  permit  the  free  passage  of  shad,  salmon  and  other 
fish  up  said  streams. 

The  second  section  provided  that  if  the  owners  of  said  dams  neglected 
or  refused  to  construct  sluices  as  would  allow  the  free  passage  of  fish 
up  said  river  within  six  months  after  the  passage  of  the  act,  they  should 
be  liable  to  a  fine  of  two  hundred  dollars,  to  be  recovered  as  debts  of 
like  amount  are  recoverable  by  law. 

Notwithstanding  the  alleged  unconstitutionality  of  this  act  by  reason 
of  interfering  with  vested  rights,  the  canal  company,  in  return  for  some 
desirable  legislation  by  which  they  were  authorized  to  raise  their  feeder 
dam  not  exceeding  three  feet,  consented  to  comply  with  its  provisions, 
and  accordingly  constructed  a  fishway  from  a  plan  chiefly  devised  by 
the  superintendent  of  that  company,  with  some  modifications  suggested 
by  the  fish  commissioner  of  the  state  appointed  under  the  act  of  1866. 
This  fishway  was  placed  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  York  county 
shore.     At  this  place  a  section  forty  feet  long  was  taken  from  the  dam, 
on  which  a  new  sub-dam  was  erected,  so  that  its  highest  elevation  would 
about  equal  the  level  of  the  water  below  the  dam.     The  lower  slope  of 
the  sub-dam  was  placed  at  an  inclinntiou  of  one  in  fifteen,  and  the  sides 
of  the  aperture  in  the  main  dam  were  dentated  or  framed  in  a  series  of 
ofl'sets  so  as  to  promote  the  formation  of  eddies  in  the  current  passing 
over  the  sub-dam.     Shad  and  other  fish  in  their  endeavors  to  pass  the 
dam  were  expected  to  be  under  the  influence  of  gravity  in  opposite  di- 
rections, the  lower  water  seeking  to  obtain  its  level,  th(^  top  of  tht?  sub- 
dam,  the  other  water  rushing  through  the  aperture  would  meet  and 
<lrive  it  back  with  a  force  considerably  impeded  by  the  cushion,  so  to 
speak,  of  lower  Avater.     The  fish  were  expected  to  find  this  opening 
through  which  they  would  endeavor  to  pass  up.     If  they  failed  in  the 
first  few  trials  they  would  naturally  seek  the  eddies  in  the  recesses  at 
the  sides  of  the  sluices  where  they  would  gather  strength  for  a  new  trial. 
The  weak  point  in  this  structure  was  that  the  fish  met  the  greatest 
resistance  at  the  top  wlwvo  they  were  expected  to  enter  the  dam  and 
when  they  were  in  their  most  exhausted  condition.     The  fishway  failing 
to  answer  its  purpose  it  was  abandoned  and  a  new  one  constructed  a 
few  years  later  at  a  different  point  in  tlu*  dam. 

The  act  of  1866,  so  far  as  the  canal  company  was  concerned,  was  of 
the  nature  of  a  contract;  certain  privileges  were  granted  in  return  for 
c(;rtain  duties,  and  until  both  parties  acted  the  contract  was  incomplete. 
It  was  retpiired  that  "a  suitable  way  for  the  free  passage  of  fish"  should 
be  oonstructed,  and  as  tin-  contrivance  d(>scribed  was  ineflicient  for  that 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


173 


purpose,  it  is  very  plain  that   the  company  did  not  fulfil  their  part  of 
the  contract. 

Notwithstanding  these  failures,  in  an  act  creating  a  board  of  commis- 
sioners of  fisheries,  provided  for  the  construction  of  four  additional  fish- 
ways,  but  the  commissioners  deemed  it  advisable  to  construct  only  one 
as  an  experiment.  This  was  located  in  the  dam  at  Columbia  (this  being 
the  first  obstruction  to  the  fish  in  coming  up  the  stream)  in  a  place 
most  frequented  by  the  shad  in  their  attempts  to  pass  the  obstruction. 

A  number  of  plans  w  ere  submitted,  many  of  them  patented,  but  after 
careful  consideration  the  commissioners  concluded  that  a  fishway  for 
shad  ought  to  conform  as  nearly  as  possible  to  the  natural  falls  of  those 
portions  of  the  river  which  they  were  habitually  ascending  in  their 
yearly  journeys  up  the  stream,  and  to  avoid  the  difiiculty  presented  to 
the  fish  in  finding  the  fishway  if  built  to  extend  below  the  dam,  they 
also  determined  that  it  ought  to  be  cut  in  the  dam  and  extend  into  the 
pool  above. 

When  stopped  by  an  obstruction  like  a  dam  shad  run  along  the  ob- 
struction seeking  for  an  opening  through  which  to  continue  their  ascent. 
If  this  is  not  there,  but  a  hundred  feet  below  the  dam,  probably  very 
few  shad  would  find  it,  the  commissioners  therefore  decided  to  erect  a 
single  trough  120  feet  long  by  60  feet  wide ;  to  cut  this  through  into  the 
dam  and  run  it  back  into  the  pool  above  the  dam  about  100  feet;  to  pro- 
tect the  sides  of  the  fishway  with  strong  abutments  built  up  on  both 
sides,  and  to  run  the  water  into  the  fishway  by  having  the  upper  end  of 
it  sunk  two  feet  below  the  crest  of  the  dam.  This  arrangement  would 
give  a  flow  of  two  feet  of  water  through  the  fishway  when  the  pool  above 
the  dam  is  full  but  no  water  flowing  over  the  dam  itself.  The  inclina- 
tion of  the  fishway  was  but  Si  feet  in  120,  so  that  in  making  the  ascent 
shad  would  have  to  rise  but  one  foot  in  thirty-five. 

This  fishway  was  a  theme  of  discussion  for  a  year  or  two  after  it  was 
built,  and  the  main  point  to  be  discovered  was  its  utility  and  adapt- 
ability for  the  purpose  intended,  which  could  onlj'  l)e  shown  by  the 
actual  passage  of  fish  through  the  channel. 

While  the  fish  commissioners  frankly  admitted  that  the  work  was 
experimental  tlie>'  had  no  hesitation  in  expressing  their  firm  belief,  de- 
rived from  responsible  citizens,  as  well  as  by  careful  experiment,  that 
during  the  season  shad  had  actually  found  their  way  to  tlu'  waters  above 
the  dam  through  the  fishway. 

On  the  other  hand  practical  fishermen  and  a  number  of  reputable  citi- 
zens declared  their  conviction  that  the  shad  alleged  to  hare  been  taken 
from  the  river  at  various  points  above  Columbia  passed  the  obstruction 
at  that  place  through  an  opening  in  the  breast  of  the  dam  caused  by 
ice  carried  down  by  the  spring  freshets. 

In  the  spring  of  1875  fully  one-third  of  the  Columbia  d.am  was  pros- 
trated by  the  flood  and  fl(«iting  ice,  and  during  the  following  season  shad 


!l 


174 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


were  caug-ht  in  seines  for  the  first  time  that  year  since  the  construction 
of  the  dam,  forty  years  previous.  Breaks  occurring-  in  tlie  dam  in  the 
two  following-  years,  the  appearance  of  shad  in  the  upper  river  was  very 
noticeable. 

From  all  of  the  evidence  g-leaned  from  various  sources  it  is  very  evi- 
dent that  from  1870  to  1875  shad  annually  appeared  in  g-reater  or  less 
numbers  in  the  stretches  above  the  obstruction  at  Columbia,  but  as  to 
how  they  made  the  passag-e  of  the  dam  there  exists  a  difterence  of 
opinion. 

The  question  of  removing-  the  dam  at  Columbia  was  carefully  consid- 
ered and  reported  on  to  the  legislature  by  a  joint  special  committee  in 
1877.  At  that  time  it  seemed  manifest  to  the  committee 'that  there  was 
very  little  if  any  hope  for  the  improvement  of  the  fisheries  throug-h  tho 
medium  of  fishways.  It  occurred  to  them,  however,  that  the  dam  mig-ht 
be  completely  removed  without  proving-  detrimental  to  the  adjoining- 
canal.  It  was  claimed  this  could  be  done  by  extending-  the  canal  one 
and  three-fourths  miles  up  the  York  county  shore  to  Chiques  falls ;  that 
by  the  construction  of  a  small  wing-  dam,  and  possibly  without  it,  a 
sufficient  force  and  head  of  water  could  at  all  times  be  secured  to  feed 
the  canal.  Scientific  and  practical  men  looked  upon  the  scheme  as 
feasible,  and  so  deeply  was  the  committee  impressed  with  the  value  of 
the  arg-uments  advanced  in  its  support  that  they  at  once  secured  the 
services  of  a  civil  engrineer  of  much  experience,  who  was  directed  to  pro- 
ceed to  make  the  necessary  surveys  and  measurements  of  the  g-round 
for  the  ijroposed  extension  of  the  canal  as  well  as  the  depth  of  water  in 
the  river  at  the  point  indicated  for  a  new  feeder.  The  rejiort  of  tho 
eng-ineer,  with  an  accompanying-  plot  of  the  survey,  recommended  the 
construction  of  a  dam  at  Chiques  falls.  This  report  was  submitted  by 
the  committee  of  the  leg-islature,  without  aj>proval.  Able  professional 
men  claimed  that  the  necessity  for  a  dam  at  Chiques  falls  would  bo 
obviated  by  increasing  the  depth  of  tlie  canal,  which,  with  other  matters 
advanced  by  practical,  men  so  strong-ly  impressed  the  committee  that, 
notwithstanding-  the  report,  they  still  reg-arded  the  removal  of  the  Colum- 
bia dam  and  feeding-  the  adjoining-  canal  without  erecting-  obstructions 
in  the  river  as  entirely  feasible  and  practicable,  meriting  careful  consid- 
eration by  the  leg-islature. 

On  the  14th  day  of  May,  1874,  the  legislature  appropriated  $22,000  to 
be  expended  by  the  Board  of  State  Fish  Commissioners  in  having  con- 
structed during-  the  year  ]  874,  by  contract  with  the  lowest  and  best  bid- 
der, after  due  and  public  notice,  fishways  or  ladders  for  the  passage  of 
anadromous  or  migratory  fishes,  as  follows:  Tlu;  three  fishways  that 
they  were  required  to  construct  during  the  year  1873,  but  which  they 
did  not  construct,  were  as  follows:  One  in  Clark's  Ferry  dam:  one  in 
the  Shamokin  dam,  and  one  in  the  first  dam  in  tlie  Juniata  river  above  its 
confluence  with  the  Susquehanna  river. 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


175 


It  was  provided,  however,  that  none  of  the  fishways  named  in  section 
three  of  the  act  should  be  put  under  contract  or  constructed  unless  the 
said  commissioners,  or  a  majority  of  them,  should,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  June,  in  the  year  1874,  file  a  certificate  with  the  Auditor  General 
that  in  their  opinion  the  fishways  already  constructed  in  the  Columbia 
dam  were  successful  and  could  be  successfully  used  for  the  passsage  of 
migratory  fishes. 

On  June  11,  1879,  the  legislature  made  an  appropriation  of  $30,000  to 
carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  that  act  which  gave  the  commissioners 
authority  to  use  fifteen  thousand  dollars  thereof  in  the  construction  and 
remodeling  of  the  fishways  in  the  Columbia  dam. 

The  commissioners  found  on  trial  that  there  were  difficulties  in  the 
way  which  they  could  not  conquer  without  a  greater  command  of  means 
than  the  law  allowed  them,  and  they  were  thus  prevented  from  carrying 
their  experiments  farther. 

The  act  of  assembly  approved  July  2,  1885,  appropriated  $25,000  for 
four  specific  purposes,  of  which  $9,000  was  to  be  expended  by  the  State 
Fish  Commissioners  in  the  establishment  of  a  fishway  below  the  Shamo- 
kin dam  in  the  Susquehanna  river.  This  was  one  of  the  perplexing 
problems  which  the  new  board  was  called  upon  to  solve.  Many  paten- 
tees made  application  for  a  trial  of  their  fishways,  each  inventor  claim- 
ing decided  superiority  over  all  others.  All  of  the  models  submitted, 
received  a  most  careful  examination,  and  the  conclusion  reached  was, 
that  all  which  gave  promise  of  efficiencj*,  were  of  such  a  costly  charac- 
ter as  to  preclude  any  idea  of  their  adoption.  At  length  the  attention  of 
the  board  was  drawn  to  a  Nova  Scotia  invention,  the  "  Rogers' fishway," 
which  combined  simplicity,  durability  and  efficiency  with  comparative 
inexpensiveness.  A  personal  inspection  of  a  number  of  these  fishways 
in  Nova  Scotia  waters,  where  more  than  forty  of  them  have  been  in  suc- 
cessful use  for  a  number  of  years  jmst,  demonstrated  beyond  a  doubt 
that  they  possessed  all  the  merit  that  was  claimed  for  them.  They  had 
been  introduced  there,  by  and  with  the  consent  of  the  Dominion  govern- 
ment, and  had  been  found  so  effective,  there  is  reason  to  believe  that 
within  a  few  years  all  the  streams  of  that  province  in  which  the  passage 
of  anadromous  fishes  to  their  natural  spawning  grounds  has  been  ob- 
structed will  be  supplied  with  them.  The  gaspereaux  and  salmon  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  rivers  ascend  those  fishways  freely,  and  it  was  the  de- 
cided opinion  of  the  patentee  that  shad  would  ascend  them  as  readily  as 
the  salmon  or  the  gaspereaux.  So  strong  was  his  faith  on  that  ]>oint, 
that  ho  agreed  to  erect  one  of  his  fishways  in  the  dam  that  spans  the 
Susquehanna  river  at  Columbia,  at  his  own  expense,  and  waiving  all 
claims  for  pay  until  it  was  satisfactorily  demonstrated  that  the  fishwav 
would  successfully  resist  the  dsstructive  action  of  the  ice  freshets,  and 
that  shad  in  reasonable  numbers  would  ascend  it.  As  the  board  was 
deeply  impressed  with  the  importance  of  having  two  fishways  erected 


176 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PEXXSYLVAXIA. 


in  the  dam  at  Columbia,  and  had  every  reason  to  believe  that  it  would 
prove  a  success,  a  second  one  was  ordered  to  be  built  at  that  jioint  at 
the  state's  expense,  without  any  guarantee  from  the  patentee. 

It  was  at  first  proposed  to  build  these  fishways  in  the  large  opening 
or  fishway  located  nearly  in  the  center  of  the  dam,  but  after  careful  ex- 
aminations made  on  two  different  occasions,  by  two  members  of  the 
board  and  the  engineer ;  it  was  finally  decided  to  build  the  "  Roger's 
patent"  in  the  old  fishway  formerly  built  by  the  owners  of  the  dam,'"and 
located  much  nearer  the  York  county  shore  ;  and  in  September,  1886,  the 
fishways  were  built  in  this  opening.  Ten  men,  besides  the  engineer  and 
foreman,  were  employed  in  the  work,  and  24,500  feet  of  hemlock  timber 
and  plank,  13,400  feet  of  oak,  5,700  pounds  of  iron  bolts  and  300  perches 
of  stone  ballast  were  used  in  the  construction. 

These  fishways  successfully  resisted  the  heavy  ice  freshets  of  the  fol- 
lowing winter ;  and  in  the  spring  when  the  shad  commenced  their  move- 
ment up  the  river,  a  test  of  the  ability  of  the  fishway  to  pass  them  through, 
was  made  by  staking  a  gilling  net  for  a  couple  of  days  and  nights  in  a 
semicircle  around  the  upper  end  of  the  fishway,  leaving  a  considerable 
body  of  water  between  the  net  and  the  structure.  A  number  of  shad 
made  the  ascent  and  were  caught  in  the  meshes  of  the  seine,  leaving  no 
doubt  in  the  minds  of  the  commissioners  as  to  the  success  of  the  fish- 
way which  was  accepted  and  paid  for  by  the  state. 

The  Board  of  Fish  Commissioners  appointed  by  Governor  Hartranft 
in  1873,  consisting  of  B.  L.  Hewit,  H.  J.  Reeder  and  James  Duffy  at 
once  recognized  the  fact  that  illegal,  indiscriminate  and  wasteful  fishing 
had  almost  depopulated  the  great  streams  of  the  state  emptying  into 
the  Atlantic,  which,  at  one  time,  abounded  with  shad.  They  made  a 
very  careful  study  of  the  situation  as  it  then  existed,  and  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  deterioration  was  due  ])rincipallv  to  the  followin"- 
causes:  (1)  The  practice  of  fishing  with  drift  nets  in  the  lower  portion  o'f 
the  rivers.  (2)  The  "close  time"  or  the  time  during  which  fishin-  is 
forbidden  in  the  rivers  not  being  sufticiently  long  and  not  bein-'ob- 
ser\ed.  (3)  The  destruction  of  the  young,  when  returning  to  the  sea,  by 
nsii-oasKets, 

The  annual  supply  depends  of  course  upon  the  ability  of  th.'  shad  to 
reach  proper  places  for  the  dej^osit  and  hatching  of  theii-  eggs  In  their 
progn^ss  up  the  river  they  met  net  after  net  thrown  across  the  chaniul  for 
tht^r  captun..  All  the  contrivances  which  man,  tlieir  most  destructive 
and  unrelenting  enemy,  could  devise  were  placed  to  entrap  them  and  as 
a  natunU  result  very  few  of  those  wliicli  originally  started  from  the  sea 
reached  their  spawning  grounds.  The  "close  time  "  commenced  at  mid- 
night on  Saturday  of  each  and  every  week  during  the  fishing  season 
and  contiuu(>d  until  midnight  Sunday.  Without  "close  time  "  whicli  is 
intended  to  allow  a  certain  interval  during  which  tjie  river  shall  be  free 
of  nets,  and  an  open  higliway  offering  n.)  impediment  to  tho  upward 


ill 


THE  SHAH  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  177 


movement  of  the  shad,  it  would  be  marvelous  indeed  if  any  succeeded  in 
gaining  the  upper  stretches  of  the  river. 

The  deadly  fish-basket  has  played  its  part  in  the  wanton  destruction 
of  fishes  of  nearly  every  kind  and  is  worthy  of  the  most  severe  condem- 
nation.   Its  long  arms  or  wings  of  stone  reaching  from  the  basket  in  or 
near  the  middle  of  the  stream,  in  an  upward  direction  on  either  side 
towards  the  shores,  gather  in  every  living  creature  carried  by  the  cur- 
rent.    A  slight  blow  that  will  displace  a  scale  will  cause  the  death  of 
these  delicate  little  fish,  and  scarcely  a  young  shad  which  succeeds  in 
passing  through  the  slats  of  the  basket  will  live,  while  millions  are 
caught  upon  the  basket  and  there  left  to  die.     As  many  as  a  cartload  of 
young  shad  have  been  known  to  accumulate  in  a  single  basket  in  less 
than  one  night  and  were  shoveled  out  to  fertilize  the  land  on  which  they 
were  left  to  rot.    When  these  facts  are  considered  in  connection  with 
the  natural  enemies  of  these  young  fish  which  they  always  have  to 
contend  with,  it  is  not  at  all  surprising  that  our  streams  became  de- 
populated. 

The  Board  of  Commissioners  commenced  in  an  energetic  way  the  work 
of  the  restoration  of  the  fisheries.  The  first  step  taken  was  in  the  direc- 
tion of  removing  the  fish-baskets,  but  some  difficulty  was  met  with  on 
account  of  the  peculiar  construction  of  the  law  requiring  ten  days'  notice 
to  be  given  by  the  sheriff  before  proceeding  with  a  posse  comltatus  to 
destroy  the  basket.  The  commissioners  earnestly  recommended  that 
that  portion  of  the  law  requiring  ten  days'  notice  be  stricken  out,  and 
that  the  passage  of  the  law  should  be  in  itself  sufficient  notice.  And  that 
in  addition  to  the  required  destruction  of  the  baskets,  an  act  imposing 
a  penalty  for  the  erection  or  maintenance  of  fish-baskets  be  passed.  With 
this  law  upon  the  statute  books  and  the  means  then  at  their  command 
the  board  believed  that  in  another  year  they  would  be  able  to  announce 
the  entire  removal  of  the  destructive  fish-baskets. 

With  the  drift-net  it  was  very  different.  This  interest  being  too  large 
and  too  valuable  to  be  swept  away  by  an  enactment.  A  proper  "close 
time"  and  a  strict  observance  of  it  would  to  a  great  extent  assist  m  re- 
piirin-  the  losses  caused  by  these  nets.  Besides  the  ground  is  often 
inaccessible  to  a'shore  fishery,  and  consequently  the  only  means  of  fish- 
ing it  is  with  a  drift  or  gilling  net.  ,     ,  ^  , 

It  was  plainly  seen  that  the  chief  reliance  in  reviving  the  shad  hsli- 
eries  must  be  by  artificial  propagation,  and  soon  after  their  appointment 
the  commissioners  placed  themselves  in  communication  with  Seih 
Green  the  famous  tish  culturist,  then  residing  at  Rochester,  New  York, 
and  purchased  from  him  the  right  to  use  his  patent  hatching-boxes  for 
shad  for  three  years,  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  sum  of  $2,000. 

Marvelous  results  it  was  claimed  had  been  obtained  in  the  rivers  of 
other  states  by  the  use  of  this  appliance.     In  the  Connecticut  river, 
where  the  fisheries  were  rapidly  being  abandoned  on  account  of  the 
12  Fishes. 


178  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


scarcity  of  fish,  the  third  year  after  these  boxes  were  first  used  in  the 
hatching  of  shad  it  is  said  the  catch  exceeded  that  of  any  year  in  its 
history.  The  young  shad  return  matui-e  fish  to  the  rivers  when  three  to 
four  years  old.  Fisheries  which  had  been  in  existence  for  nearly  a  cen- 
tury, and  at  which  records  of  their  annual  catch  were  kept  reported 
their  yield  of  1870  as  being  larger  than  ever  before.  Referring  to  this 
result,  the  Fish  Commissioners  of  Connecticut,  in  their  report  for  1873 
said :  ' 

"The  number  of  shad  running  in  the  Connecticut  river  has  increased 
to  such  an  extent  that  the  complaint  of  the  fishermen  is  no  longer  a 
paucity  of  fish,  but  that  the  market  is  sO  overstocked  that  they  do  not 
obtain  a  remunerative  price  for  them." 

The  same  desirable  result  was  claimed  by  the  use  of  these  hatchin- 
boxes  m  the  Hudson  river,  but  not  to  so  marked  a  degree  owing  to  "a 
scarcity  of  good  spawning  grounds  upon  which  to  take  the  shad  Care- 
fully considering  what  had  been  accomplished  by  artificial  propagation 
and  believing  that  fully  as  much  could  be  done  for  the  shad  strlms  of 
Fennsylvania,  the  commissioners  felt  justified  in  paying  Mr  Green  the 
amount  of  money  named  for  the  use  of  his  invention 

Very  soon  after  the  purchase  of  the  right  to  use  the  hatching-boxes 
Mr.  Green  came  to  Pennsylvania,  bringing  with  him  an  assistant,  Mr 
'T 1  ^•^f''^^^  an^  a  station  was  at  once  established  at  the  fishery 
owned  by  Miller  A:  Rough,  located  at  Newport,  in  Perry  county.     At 
the  time  of  the  establishment  of  this  station  as  a  base  of  operations  the 
water  temperature  was  about  62°  Fahrenheit;  within  a  short  time  af- 
terwards  it  ran  up  as  high  as  75^  and  at  one  time  reached  82°     This 
sudden  and  extreme  change  very  noticeably  affected  the  gravid  fish  verv 
many  being  taken  with  the  eggs  dead  in  them.     Owing  to  thes^  un- 
fortunate causes  the  operations  at  this  station  were  not  as  successful  as 
hZhed      '''^^  '''"""^'^  ^'^^^  ^^^°'  ^"*  ^^''''^  2.700,000  young  shad  were 
About  this  time  another  of  Seth  Green's  assistants  was  sent  by  Prof 
Spencer  F.  Baird,  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  to  the 
Susquehanna  to  assist  in  the  work  of  hatching  shad,  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania paying  all  the  expenses  of  hatching  other  thafc  that  of  his  own 
personal  compensation.     Owing  to  the  suddenness  with  which  the  warm 
season  set  in  he  was  able  to  hatch  only  about  500,000.  and  the  total 
number  o    young  shad  produced  by  the  artificial  method  and  for  the 
of  3,oiS!oOO  '"^         Susquehanna  river,  was  something  in  excess 

Dr.  J.  H    Slack  one  of  the  Fish  Commissioners  of  New  Jersey  was 
authorized  by  the  United  States  Fish  Commissioner  to  establisira  hatch 
mg  station  on  the  Delaware  river  at  Point  Pleasant,  Bucks  county  and 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  same.    At  this  station  not  quite  SoToOOo 
sh^  -fry  were  hatched  and  turned  into  the  Delaware  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  month  ol  June,  1873.  ^ 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


179 


The  legislature  on  the  14th  day  of  May,  1874,  passed  an  act  which 
was  approved  by  the  Governor  authorizing  the  fish  commissioners  to 
expend  a  sum  not  exceeding  $3,000  for  the  artificial  propagation  of  shad 
in  the  Delaware  river  during  the  season  of  1874,  provided  a  certificate  of 
the  action  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  appropriating  a  like  sum  of  money 
for  the  same  purpose,  should  be  filed  in  the  office  of  the  State  Treasurer, 
authenticated  as  required  by  the  laws  of  said  state ;  but  owing  to  the 
failure  of  the  Legislature  of  New  Jersey  to  make  the  appropriation  the 
money  provided  by  Pennsylvania  for  the  Delaware  could  not  be  used. 

The  Delaware. 

Very  little  information,  it  appears,  can  be  found  on  record  as  to  the 
old-time  fisheries  and  their  location  on  the  upper  Delaware.  As  early 
as  October  26,  1680,  Mahlon  Stacy,  in  a  letter  written  at  "Falls  of  the 
Delaware,"  says : 

"Fish  in  their  season  are  very  plenteous.  My  cousin  Revell  and  I, 
with  some  of  my  men,  went  last  third  month  (March)  into  the  river  to 
catch  herrings,  for  at  that  time  they  came  in  great  shoals  into  the  shal- 
lows. We  had  neither  rod  nor  net,  but  after  the  Indian  fashion  made  a 
round  pinfold  about  two  yards  over  and  a  foot  high,  but  left  a  gap  to 
keep  the  fish  in,  and  when  that  was  done  we  took  two  long  birches  and 
tied  their  tops  together  and  went  about  a  stone's  throw  above  our  said 
pinfold,  then  hauling  these  birch  boughs  down  the  stream  where  we 
drove  thousands  before  us,  but  got  as  many  into  our  trap  as  it  would 
hold,  and  then  we  began  to  haul  them  on  shore  as  fast  as  three  or  four 
of  us  could  by  two  and  three  at  a  time,  and  after  this  manner  in  half  an 
hour  we  could  have  filled  a  three  bushel  sack  of  as  good  and  large  her- 
rings as  ever  I  saw;  and  though  I  speak  of  herrings  only  lest  any  should 
think  we  have  little  other  sorts,  we  have  great  plenty  of  most  sorts  of 
fish  that  ever  I  saw  in  England,  besides  several  others  that  are  not 
known  there,  as  rocks,  catfish,  shads,  sheepsheads,  sturgeon." 

In  response  to  inquiries  made  of  Mr.  L.  W.  Brodhead,  of  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  that  gentleman  writes  as  follows : 

"I  am  in  receipt  of  your  favor,  and  take  pleasure  in  giving  what  in- 
formation I  have  in  my  possession  in  regard  to  early  fishing  for  shad  in 
the  upper  waters  of  the  Delaware.  This  consists  of  a  lease  for  a  shad 
fishery,  dated  1787,  from  Benjamin  Van  Campen  to  James  Brooks,  Wil- 
liam Coolbaugh,  Cornelius  Brooks,  John  Van  Campen,  Cornelius  De 
pue  and  Daniel  Labar,  Jr.  The  fishery  'is  the  shore  of  a  tract  of 
laud  formerly  Ryerons  (Ryerson's),  in  the  township  of  Walpack,  Sus- 
sex county,  N.  J.,  joining  land  of  Robert  Hoops  and  others,  in  ten 
ure  and  occupancy  of  William  Coolbaugh.  The  place  for  drawing 
the  net  is  downwards  from  the  mouth  of  Duncan's  creek,'  etc.  Con- 
sideration— twelve  shad  per  annum.  Duration  of  lease — ninety-nine 
years. 


180  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


"The  three  sig-ners  just  named  resided  in  Walpack  township  Sussex 
(now  Warren)  county,  N.  J.,  and  the  others  in  Smithfield,  Pennsylvania 
Benjamin  Van  Campen  also  resided  in  Smithfield,  at  what  is  now  known 
as  Shawnee.  The  place  of  the  fishery  is  now  known  as  Shoemaker's 
ferry,  five  miles  above  Delaware  Water  Gap.  The  Van  Campen's  were 
among:  the  early  settlers  of  the  Minisink  valley— valley  of  the  Delaware 
north  of  the  water  gap-as  were  also  the  Depue's,  Coolbaugh's  and 
Labar's." 

"A  few  days  ago  1  received  from  an  old  friend  residing  at  Deposit 
^.  Y.,  an  interesting  letter  in  answer  to  my  inquiries  concerning  fisher- 
ies in  the  upper  Delaware,  and  he  speaks  of  the  primitive  method  as 
follows : " 

"Li  my  youth   immense  numbers  of  shad  came  up  the  Delaware 
every  spring  to  and  above  this  place  on  the  west  or  main  branch  of  the 
Delaware,  and  shad  fishing  was  a  regular  business  among  the  early 
settlers,  furnishing  an  abundant  supply  of  food.     About  the  first  of 
June  some  ten  or  a  dozen  neighbors  would  assemble,  and  selecting  a 
suitable  place  would  construct  a  large  wier  or  pen  near  the  shore  with 
an  opening  for  the  fish  to  enter.     From  this  a  brush  wing  or  dam  was 
extended  diagonally  up  and  across  the  river  to  the  opposite  shore 
They  then  went  up  the  river  some  two  miles  or  more  and  constructed 
what  they  termed  a  'brush  seine,'  composed  of  limbs  of  trees  with  the 
eaves  adhering  and  reaching  from  shore  to  Amve.    The  branches  were 
bound  together  with  withes.     The  men  were  then  placed  at  re-ular 
distances  in  the  water,  pushing  the  brush  seine  and  driving  thel.had 
before  them  into  the  pen  below.     In  this  way  many  hundreds  and  some- 
times thousands  were  secured.     The  same  process  would  be  repeated 
below,  forcing  th<>  shad  up  the  river  to  an  opening  made  in  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  pen         *         *         *        The  shad  continued  to  come  to 
the  1  eadu-atens  o    the  Delaware   till  the  dam  was  constructed  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Lackamaxeu. 

"Of  some  of  the  early  settlers  and  those  participating  in  fishin-  for 
sh£ul  were  the  following-named  persons:  John  Silvester  and  Samuel 
Hulce,   Benjamin  and  John    Whitaker,  Peter  Pine.  Elisha  Burrows 
Stephen  and  James  Stiles,   Benjamin  Carman,  John  Peters,  Gilbert 

?I  Wir'      w^ri"  '";!„^^"^^^^^  H^^^^^> '  ^'^'^^'^^  ^Vest,  Silas  Cran- 
flllZr  '^*^^^^^^''^^^"^^-  -^^«--^  Butler,  and  Henry  Gregory, 

f/'^P^'i!'^"'^''^*;*^'^'^^'*^'''^^""^^  ^^^'  '^'^«  ^^"^  «"^^  brought  up  at 
he   Cook  House,'  now  Deposit,  where  I  have  resided  ever  since     Have 

been  largely  engaged  in  the  lumber  business,  sending  it  down   the 
beautiful  Delaware.     My  grandfather,  John  Hulce,  and  my  father  Sil 
vester  Hulce.  were  the  first  settlers  of  this  place.     They  c2me  from 
Orange  county,  N.  Y..  in  1789."  ^  ^ 

With  the  hope  that  some  of  the  older  people  residing  on  tlie  banks 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


181 


of  the  Delaware  might  be  able  and  willing  to  furnish  interesting  data 
in  regard  to  the  early  shad  fisheries  in  that  river,  a  request  for  informa- 
tion was  printed  in  the  Milford  Dispatch  of  November  5,  1891,  and  the 
only  response  received  was  the  following  communication : 

"  In  last  week's  Disjtatch  is  a  request  for  information  as  to  the  early 
history  of  shad  fishing  in  the  upper  Delaware,  Your  correspondent  can 
recollect  assisting  at  the  Yankee  fishery  as  early  as  1826,  and  other 
near-by  fisheries  down  to  1868.  During  these  years,  we  heard  probably 
all  about  the  early  history  of  shad  fishing  on  the  upper  Delaware,  and 
from  recollection  we  would  infer  that  the  Point  fishery  was  the  first. 
This  was  a  '  day  fishery, '  that  is,  the  fishing  was  done  in  the  daytime 
and  thousands  were  taken  at  a  haul.  The  fishermen's  net  (with  ropes) 
reached  across  the  river  where  they  started,  a  half  mile  below  where 
the  Millford  bridge  now  stands.  The  men  on  each  shore  walked  down 
and  a  canoe  that  would  hold  five  men,  four  to  pole  and  one  to  hold  the 
rope,  was  at  each  end,  with  smaller  canoes  to  watch  for  hitches,  and  when 
opposite  the  point  of  the  Minisink  island  the  canoes  left  the  shore  and 
met  on  the  point  of  the  island.  A  haul  over  this  fishery  swept  over  what 
has  been  called  the  '  Yankee,  Crooked  Billet,  Cabin,  Streak  and  Bam '  fish- 
eries and  covered  about  one  and  a  half  miles.  It  was  established  after 
1751.  Then  Pennsylvania  purchased  from  the  Indians,  from  the  Dela- 
ware to  the  Susquehanna,  but  not  to  the  head  of  the  Delaware. 

"  When  it  ceased  to  be  used  as  a  fishery  I  am  not  certain.  I  find  a 
deed  among  my  father's  old  papers  dated  1819,  conveying  one  share,  or 
one-fifteenth  interest,  in  the  Point  fishery.  This  deed  recites  three  trans- 
fers, beginning  with  Roger  Clark.  I  also  found  two  old  deeds  for  shares  in 
the  Yankee  fishery  dated  1825.  This  was  part  of  the  ground  used  by  the 
Point  fishery.  Above  this  the  shad  fisheries  amounted  to  but  little. 
One  at  Holbert's  Eddy,  half  a  mile  above  Milford;  on(>  at  Lacka waxen 
and  one  at  Mast  Hope,  Between  Milford  and  Dingman's  were  two,  one 
at  Conashaugh  and  one  a  mile  above  Dingman's  on  the  Jersey  side  called 
the  Field  fishery. 

"  Except  at  the  Point,  fishing  has  always  been  done  at  night  when  the 
shad  come  on  their  beds  to  lay  their  eggs.  The  Point  and  Yankee  were 
company  fisheries,  the  others  were  private  and  run  l)y  the  owners  of  the 

shores. 

"  Wm.  C.  Cuawford. 
"  M.\TAM0RAs,  Nnvc tuber  9,  1S91" 

At  the  present  day,  important  fisheries  are  located  on  the  Pennsylva- 
nia side  of  the  Dela>vare  at  the  following  points :  Lambertville,  Scud- 
der's  Falls.  Titusville.  Washington's  Crossing,  Trenton,  two  near  Bristol, 
one  at  Bristol,  Torresdale,  Tacony,  Bridesburg,  Tinicum,  Chester  and 
Marcus  Hook ;  and  it  is  said  that  872,000  shad  were  caught  on  this  side 
of  the  river  during  the  season  of  1891. 

By  the  introduction  of  fisliways,  the  Lackawaxen,  one  of  the  larger 


182  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


tributaries,  in  1891,  for  the  first  time  in  many  years,  had  thousands  of 
shad  restored  to  its  waters,  many  being  taken  twenty-five  and  thirty 
miles  above  the  dam. 

The  Leliigh  river  was,  years  ago,  a  fine  shad  stream.  Tidewater  ex- 
tends only  a  short  distance  above  the  river  in  the  Neshaminy  and  the 
Brandy  wine,  and  the  shad  frequent  these  creeks  for  the  purpose  of 
spawning. 

The  Schuylkill  river  at  one  time  was  the  favorite  resort  of  the  shad. 
William  Penn,  in  one  of  his  letters  mentioned  that  "  six  hundred  shad 
had  been  taken  with  one  sweep  of  the  seine,"  and  in  fact  this  river  main- 
tained its  reputation  until  the  erection  of  the  Fairmouut  dam  rendered 
it  almost  barren  of  shad  between  the  dam  and  its  confluence  with  the 
Delaware,  a  distance  of  eight  miles.  This  result  has  been  attributed  to 
the  pollution  of  its  waters  by  the  refuse  from  the  city  gas  works,  but  it 
occurred  within  three  or  four  years  after  the  erection  of  the  dam  in 
1820-21,  whereas  the  gas  works  were  not  constructed  till  about  1830. 

Of  the  numerous  streams  flowing  from  the  New  Jersey  side,  and  which 
arc)  all  spawning  grounds  for  the  shad,  may  be  mentioned  Cooper's 
creek  and  Rancocas  creek,  above  Gloucester  city,  and  below  that  point 
are  Big  Timber  creek,  Salem  creek.  Raccoon  creek.  Old  Man's  creek  and 
Woodbury  creek. 

In  Big  Timber  and  the  Rancocas  the  shad  run  up  a  distance  of  fifteen 
or  twenty  miles.  .The  former  is  one  of  the  best  shad  fishing  streams  on 
the  Jersey  shore  and  has  been  successfully  fished  for  many  years,  some 
of  the  fisheries  being  located  eight  and  ten  miles  above  its  mouth,  and 
it  is  a  singular  fact  that  shad  have  been  caught  at  these  fisheries  a  week 
or  ten  days  earlier  than  the  nets  in  the  Delaware  have  taken  any. 

Big  Timber  creek  is  about  thirty  miles  in  length,  rising  in  the  water- 
shed between  the  Delaware  and  the  Atlantic,  and  has  many  sinuosities, 
with  deep  holes  from  thirty  to  forty  feet  of  water.  Young  shad  have 
frequently  been  seen  jumping  in  the  waters  of  this  creek  in  the  months 
of  September  and  October,  while  they  have  been  observed  in  the  Dela- 
ware at  Easton  as  late  as  November  12,  in  the  year  1869,  and  one  of  the 
New  Jersey  fish  commissioners,  it  is  said,  saw  young  shad  two  and  a 
half  inches  long  at  Howell's  fishery  on  the  eighth  day  of  June  the  same 
year. 

The  shad  and  herring  seek  our  fresh  water  streams  in  early  spring, 
moving  in  schools,  sometimes  of  immense  numbers.  The  shad  usually 
spawn  in  the  clear  running  waters  above  tide.  The  herring  do  not  go 
above  tide,  which  reaches  Trenton,  on  the  Delaware,  but  are^elievedlo 
spawn  upon  the  grassy  flats  below.  The  successive  runs  of  shad  con- 
tinue from  about  the  middle  of  March  to  the  last  of  June  or  early  part 
of  July,  they  having  been  sold  on  July  4,  1870,  in  Bucks  county.  They 
are  few  in  number  as  a  rule  until  the  middle  of  April,  from  this  time  to 
the  middle  of  May  comes  what  is  known  among  fishermen  as  the  ^^reat 


THE  SHAD  STEEA3IS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


183 


run,  after  that  their  number  rapidly  diminishes.  In  taking  these  fishes 
two  kinds  of  seines  are  used,  the  sweeping  seines  and  the  gilling  nets. 
As  the  fish  swim  in  deep  water  or  channels,  both  of  these  kinds  of  seines 
are  therein  cast.  The  shore  seines  sweep  the  channel  opposite  a  given 
length  of  shore,  and  are  drawn  to  the  shore  by  strong  lines  varying  in 
length  according  to  the  length  of  seine  and  the  distance  over  which  it 
is  to  be  drawn. 

The  space  over  and  through  which  these  seines  sweep  is,  in  legal 
parlance,  a  pool  or  fish  way.  In  the  compact  of  1783,  between  Pennsyl- 
vania and  New  Jersey,  they  are  the  fisheries  alluded  to  as  being  annexed 
to  the  shores,  and  to  be  guarded  and  regulated  by  suitable  legislation. 
They  have,  from  a  very  early  period  in  our  colonial  history,  been  recog- 
nized as  vested  rights,  and  as  such  subject  to  be  conveyed  with,  or 
apart  from,  the  adjacent  lands.     They  are  also  taxed  as  real  estate. 

The  great  bulk  of  shad  caught  in  the  tidal  portion  of  the  river  and  the 
bay  are  taken  to  Philadelphia.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Pennsylvania  is 
more  deeply  interested  in  the  shad  fisheries  than  is  New  Jersey.  Besides 
being  the  recipient  of  most  of  the  shad  taken,  a  great  number  of  her 
citizens  are  engaged  in  drift-net  fishing,  and  with  one  or  two  exceptions 
all  the  shore  fisheries  below  Trenton,  both  on  her  shores  as  well  as  those 
annexed  to  the  New  Jersey  shore,  are  fished  by  Pennsylvanians. 

Mutually  interested,  the  legislation  for  the  protection  of  the  fisheries 
has,  by  long-established  usage,  been  concurrent  or  coincident  on  the 
part  of  the  two  states,  and  the  State  of  Delaware  within  the  last  few 
years  has  been  in  accord. 

As  a  matter  of  course,  the  catch  of  shad  in  the  Delaware  river  varies 
very  considerably  from  year  to  year,  and  it  may  be  considered  un- 
fortunate that  full  and  accurate  statistics  for  a  series  of  years  are  want- 
ing, save  in  the  case  of  one  fishery  belonging  to  the  Howell  family,  of 
Woodbury,  New  Jersey.  This  fishery  it  is  said  has  been  in  the  posses- 
sion of  one  family  since  prior  to  1700  and  a  careful  record  of  each  haul 
of  the  seine  has  been  kept.  From  this  record  it  would  appear  that  until 
the  introduction  of  the  gill-net  (1820-25)  the  catch  averaged  about 
130,000  per  annum. 

In  speaking  of  the  product  of  this  fishery,  the  late  Dr.  Slack,  in  a  re- 
port made  in  1873,  says: 

"Not  to  enter  into  detailed  statements,  but  dividing  the  period  be- 
tween 1818  and  1873  into  four  cycles,  each  of  which  may  be  taken  as 
representative  of  the  intervening  period,  we  have, 

Average  catch  per  season,  1818  to  1822, 131,000 

Average  catcli  I't^r  ^^•'»**""'  1845  to  1849, H6,8JK) 

Average  catch  i)er  season,  1800  to  l800 60,739 

Average  catch  per  season,  IS70  to  1873,  less  than 25,000 

"The  season  of  1873  did  not  pay  expenses.  But  not  only  have  these 
fishes  decreased  in  numbers  but  also  in  size.  In  1843  shad  of  seven  and 
eight  pound  weight  were  by  no  means  uncommon,  and  the  average  run 


184  THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


was  between  five  and  five  and  a  half  pounds.  Now  in  the  Delaware 
•  nver  a  four-pound  fish  is  a  curiosity.  A  catch  is  recorded  as  having- 
been  made  near  Burlinj^ton,  New  Jersey,  in  1843,  of  317  shad  averaging 
over  SIX  pounds  each.  Forty  shad  then  filled  a  pork  barrel  mackerel 
barrels  not  being-  in  use.  Over  a  hundred  of  the  present  deteriorated 
fishes  are  now  required  for  this  purpose." 

A  company  composed  of  Mr.  B.  Wilkins  and  his  two  partners  carried 
to  market  and  sold  the  product  of  sixty-three  nets  for  about  thirteen 
years  prior  to  1840.  From  Mr.  Wilkins'  statements  it  appears  that  in 
1870  and  1871  no  single  gilling-net  approached  in  the  number  of  its 
catch  to  the  quantity  formerly  obtained,  though  the  length  of  the  nets 
had  been  greatly  increased.  He  instances  the  case  of  one  gillino--seine 
of  200  fathoms,  used  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Delaware,  as  having  taken 
while  he  was  carrying  for  them  850  shad  in  one  drift,  and  says  that  at 
no  time  for  five  years  previous  to  1870  were  over  200  taken  in  the  same 
time,  and  100  perhaps  would  be  a  high  average. 

Great  diminution  in  the  quantity  of  fishes  taken  was  also  experienced 
at  the  shore  fisheries.  To  such  an  extent  did  it  reach  that  many  were 
abandoned  as  unprofitable.  In  evidence  of  this  it  may  be  said  that  until 
1820  (which  was  probably  the  most  productive  vear  for  the  shad  fish- 
eries ever  known)  there  was  no  appreciable  decrease  in  tiie  numbers  or 
size  of  shad.  It  was  in  that  year  that  the  great  haul  of  10,800  shad  was 
made  at  Fancy  Hill  (now  Gloucester),  the  largest  haul  by  several  thou- 
sand fishes  ever  made  upon  the  river  Delaware. 

The  Delaware  river  was  in  a  more  depleted  condition  than  the  lower 
Susquehanna.  During  the  season  of  1873  there  were  not  on  the  Dela- 
ware SIX  fisheries  which  proved  remunerative.  The  largest  shore  fish- 
eries upon  the  river  by  the  slenderness  of  their  yield  entailed  an  actual 
loss  upon  their  owners. 

For  twenty-five  years  preceding  the  first  restocking  (1872)  tli(>  Dela 
ware  with  shad  none  were  seen  further  uj)  the  river  than  Milford 
although  they  had  been  at  one  time  plentiful  at  Hancock,  over  fifty 
miles  above  Lackawaxen.  Thousands  were  annually  taken  between 
Lackawaxen  and  Hancock  in  bush  seines  and  eel  weirs,  the  rough  and 
rocky  part  of  the  river  preventing  the  dmwing  of  nets.  Not  only  the 
mature  fish  were  captured,  but  the  young  fry  were  destroyed  in  immense 
numbers,  on  their  way  down  to  the  ocean,  by  hundreds  of  traps  This 
indiscriminate  slaughter  of  shad,  from  the  upper  stretches  of  the  river 
to  tide  water,  resulted  in  their  disappearance  above  Milford,  and  in  1872 
the  fisheries  at  that  place  yielded  only  single  fish  where  they  had  once 
rewarded  the  fishermen  with  enormous  hauls. 

In  1875,  three  years  after  tiie  restocking  experiments  had  been  tried, 
there  was  a  notable  increase  in  tJie  catches  at  Milford.  and  in  187G  shad 
again  appeared  as  far  up  as  Lackawaxen.  The  increase  has  been  lar-<. 
and  steady  ever  since  and  shad  arrive  at  that  point  in  large  schools 


THE  SHAD  STREAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


185 


every  spring.  As  the  canal  company's  dam  was  an  obstruction  which 
they  could  not  overcome,  until  the  fishways  were  built,  the  shad  gathered 
at  the  foot  of  the  dam  and  remained  there,  being  protected  by  law 
against  bush  seines  and  eel  weirs,  and  as  nets  cannot  be  successfully 
used  above  Milford,  there  were  no  means  for  the  people  up  the  valley  to 
take  the  fish  except  by  spearing,  in  which  manner  they  were  captured 
at  Lackawaxen,  where  men  and  boys  collected  at  night  at  the  bulkheads 
and  breakwaters.  By  throwing  strong  light  on  the  water  by  means  of 
jacks  the  fish  were  plainly  brought  to  view  and  were  speared  by  the 
hundred. 

The  first  attempt  to  hatch  shad  on  an  extensive  scale  on  the  Delaware 
by  the  United  States  Fish  Commisson  was  in  the  year  1885,  when  the 
steamer  "  Fish  Hawk  "  was  stationed  at  Gloucester  city,  New  Jersey,  from 
May  23  to  June  10,  and  succeeded  in  securing  about  10,000,000  eggs. 
The  steamer  "Lookout"  made  two  trips  to  the  Delaware  for  the  purpose 
of  collecting  shad  eggs,  most  of  which  were  transferred  to  Battery  Sta- 
tion, near  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland. 

The  "Fish  Hawk"  hatched  over  8,000,000  and  the  fry  returned  to  the 
Delaware,  nearly  all  being  liberated  in  tide  water. 

In  1886  the  "Fish  Hawk"  was  again  on  the  Delaware,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Gloucester  city,  engaged  in  transporting  spawn  takers,  and  in  collecting, 
transporting  and  depositing  eggs.  34,454,500  eggs  were  obtained,  from 
which  23,196,000  fry  were  hatched  on  board,  and  21.018,000  deposited  in 
the  Delaware  river.  During  the  season  of  1888  the  "  Fish  Hawk  "  collected 
48,607,000  shad  eggs  at  five  of  the  fisheries  operated  on  the  New  Jersey 
side  of  the  river  below  Gloucester  city  and  from  gilling  nets  near  by. 
Of  the  fry  hatched  14,840,000  were  deposited  in  the  river  near  Gloucester 
city,  and  through  the  Pennsylvania  State  Fish  Commission  16,011,000 
fry  were  liberated  in  the  numerous  pools  in  the  upper  stretches  of  the 
Delaware  river.  The  following  statement  com])iled,  by  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission,  shows  the  number  of  shad  taken  in  the  Delaware,  river 
during  the  years  1885  to  1889,  inclusive: 

1885, 1,148,496 

1886 874,017 

1887 800,265 

1888 * 856,662 

1889, 9^,941 

The  statistics  of  the  production  and  deposits  of  shad-fry  for  the  sea- 
sons 1889,  1890  and  1891  in  the  Delaware  river  are  not  yet  available  for 
publication,  but  in  the  year  1890  the  upper  waters  of  this  river  were 
fairly  swarming  with  shad,  the  like  of  which  had  never  before  been  seen 
in  the  recollection  of  the  people  of  that  section.  At  Lackawaxen  dam 
they  were  seen  by  the  thousands,  and  at  Milford,  where  the  river  is  not 
more  than  four  hundred  feet  wide,  fishermen  took  as  many  as  three 
hundred  as  a  night's  haul,  when  before  fifty  was  considered  a  good 
catch.    In  that  section  the  appearance  of  shad  in  such  abundance  en- 


18C  THE  SHAD  STERAMS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

coura^ed  the  farmers  to  club  together  to  buy  nets  and  engag-e  actively 
in  nshmg.  -^ 

The  statements  made  in  some  newspapers  during  the  jfishing  season 
of  3891  that  the  fishermen  were  greatly  alarmed  by  the  alleged  tre- 
mendous decrease  in  the  take  of  shad,  were  not  correct.  It  is  true  that 
the  waters  of  the  Delaware  the  year  previous  were  filled  with  this 
species,  and  at  the  height  of  the  season  as  many  as  100,000  were  cauo-ht 
and  brought  to  the  Philadelphia  market  in  one  day. 

The  largest  haul  made  on  any  one  day  in  the  season  of  1891  netted 
about  75,000  shad.  Notwithstanding  the  .yield  for  1891  was  about 
twenty-five  per  cent  less  than  that  of  1890,  prices  were  much  better 
roes  selling  as  high  as  thirty  dollars  per  hundred,  and  as  a  rule  the 
fishermen  found  the  harvest  had  yielded  greater  profits  than  did  that  of 
the  previous  yeal^  This  was  brought  about  chiefly  by  the  phenomenal 
number  of  "counts"  or  large  roe  shad. 

Impurities  in  the  waters  of  the  river  furnished  satisfactory  reason 
for  the  decreased  number  of  shad  so  far  as  a  few  of  the  fishermen  were 
concerned      xhey  believed  the  sewage  from  the  great  city  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  the  i-ef use  from  the  gas  works  and  the  oil  refineries,  had  driven 
away  or  killed  off  the  numerous  schools  of  fish;  but  such  does  not 
seem  to  be  the  case,  for  authentic  information  received  from  persons 
rving  on  the  upper  reaches  of  the  river  show  that  the  waters  were  alive 
with  shad,  and  they  wei^  seen  disporting  by  hundreds  for  many  miles 
above  Egypt  Mills,  m  Pike  county,  and  well  up  in  New  York  State,Tully 
three  hundred  miles  from  the  ocean,  a  point  higher  than  they  have  Wn 
known  to  reach  since  1823,  when  the  canal  company  erected  the  dam 
across  the  river  at  Lackawaxen. 

In  1890  a  fishway  was  placed  in  this  dam  jointly  by  Pennsylvania  and 
New  York,  and  for  the  first  time  in  nearly  seventy  yL.  the  peoX^f 
that  region  had  this  luxury  brought  to  their  very  doors 

In  all  probability  many  thousands  of  shad  were  successful  in  ascen,' 
mg  the  river  to  their  natural  spawning  grounds  in  its  upper  wateTand 
more  eggs  were  thus  deposited  naturally  there  in  1891  than  Lr^any 
years  previously.  '  many 

Artificial  propagation  must  be  largely  depended  upon  for  profitable 
results  in  the  restoration  of  the  fisheries,  whether  of  our  rivers  or  la^^^^^^ 
It  is  true  that  many  disappointments  have  been  experienced  in  the 
work  begun  in  this  direction,  and  the  hopes  of  a  recoveiy  f  3eplet  on 
and  an  increase  in  the  supply  have  in  many  cases  been  bJt^d  F^- 
ures  no  doubt  have  resulted  ir.  a  large  degree  from  the  limiterLle  on 
which  the  work  was  formerly  conducted-where  a  hundred  thousand 
young  fis)iwc..cMnti.dueed  a  million  should  have  been  liCted-but 
the  United  States  Fish  Commission  and  the  State  Commiss^o  's  in  the  r 
earlier  days  were  unable  to  procure  large  quantities  of  egg  and  it  ts 
only  by  gradual  processes  that  the  spawning  fish  were  S^lUpltd  suf! 
ficiently  to  answer  the  purpose.  "iuiupiiui  sut- 


THE  SHAD  STREA3IS  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.  187 


But  too  much  must  not  be  expected  from  artificial  propagation,  as  it 
has  to  contend  not  only  with  the  depletion  by  excessive  fishing,  but  also 
with  changes  of  physical  condition,  such  as  temperatures,  etc. 

The  Delaware  river  at  present,  everything  being  considered,  is  prob 
ably  the  best  shad  stream  in  the  country,  this  condition  being  brought 
about  by  liberal  re-stocking,  the  passage  and  enforcement  of  wise  laws 
to  protect  the  food-fishes  in  the  spawning  seasons,  and  the  removal  of 
the  so-called  fish  baskets,  which  destroy  the  young  by  myriads. 

The  efforts  of  the  commissioners  will  at  once  be  directed  to  the  work 
of  restoring  the  Susquehanna,  once  the  most  prolific  shad  river  in  the 
state,  to  its  old-time  glory.  This  can  be  accomplished  by  pursuing  the 
same  policy  as  that  inaugurated  on  the  Delaware,  and  by  placing  prac. 
tical  fishways  at  the  several  dams  that  obstruct  the  fish  on  their  way  up 
the  stream. 


fc 


I 


(188) 


END  OF  YEAR 


^-o 


CONTINUED 

ON
Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Report of the State Commissioners of Fisheries for the year 1889-1891"

See other formats
