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BULLETIN NO. 6.

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HawAllAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

The Hawaiian Sugar Cane Bud Moth We
oe | (Ereunetis flabistriata) With an

: ‘
a

Account of Some Allied Species

and Natural Enemies.

Bi |

HONOLULU, HAWAII
OCTOBER 25, 1909
es a 7

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 1909

SoM DAMON Seas President
Wo. G. IrRWIN.......2.. Vice-President
WO. SMITH? 3S ses Secretary-Treasurer
Gro. H. ROBERTSON .... .. Auditor
Shas TENNEN core ne ae a eae ae H. P. BALDWIN
Pt) SCILAEBE Rue, nits G7 Oe a eee E. F, BisHop
ie Aber ok DAO INL Dig et 28s Sic tae wc rela naee deep F, M. SwANzy

EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE

F. M. Swawnzy, Chairman

Gro. H. ROBERTSON F.- Er PAXON
Gro, F.. Davies J. W. WALDRON
F, KLAMP "'E, -BRPEeTRig

EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF

DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE AND CHEMISTRY

(ESS Pie Ot al el e aN aarp eae aoe eRe eee SON ese Ute SS 2h Director
NEG ol hal BYovot a ci dae shie hs A Ray ee Seles ee pies tice at Sn Assistant Director
RS BRE Cs ea Ranta fread op Rew eee dane eee a Assistant Chemist
Bee ON OFTIS oh ae + Se EA RIO, Ee SSE ese
Bek W erthmuetet «ax 2c hocy cones he Peek Assistant Chemist
Ne Cr] ORCA IIE 4 sina. pens a pots ho ao pwr pea eB Re Assistant Chemist
Be Ee el TA git ie Nant nie: ang a eioea aR Nad ates wlattids Assistant Chemist
Hors ALK Corre pee ROSe ea ee Ae LU Re yo cle Gael Agriculturist
JESS ere\ QUT apt CR ie a PR SR te ce at gO ARR oR Sub-station Assistant
gD aGr Broderick: tains oaks oe epee ee a ea Field. Foreman
Deen VLE PAM PNY ies cede etkcck Ms a0 are Rag ci lg eto eee ae Fertilizer Sampler
OIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY
Reet) SET RINS Ries, oa ses ale reas Giaae MUR Se meri aes Director
VIGOR DEIG eee | decal Oiery Pascoe ae ae asta Consulting Entomologist
Re UN SAL RAT Fal cols awd Bm deste aca Sita Sygate Assistant Entomologist
OT BS BS g Ti aia ae is I Me ME ORT fee Sie rae Assistant Entomologist
PTO Fe SW EZEY ha les canis stato! nee sys s areieety aya Assistant Entomologist
Ree IVU UE yo ise Gea Fob ee a) sia shares hava amen ree Ghee Assistant Entomologist
‘ DIVISION OF PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY
GS PANS AC) nh 0 ate 6 PrN Daa Sue See ea ain Bie ater (as el Ne Director
Be VOM ird Gh ois ie aie Ss BT Re een Cee ee Acting Director
Bes AL ARS ES Os oe AA Ns EL Assistant Pathologist
GENERAL
Ri es uate ick ease he ate gow eats Cashier
Wisse UP Otter sae eB cern teac4 re jie Illustrator

AMC ANA ETON. seis aie RU ahs erly te eR Clerk

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY BULLETIN NO. 6.
SS a ST SS STS ee

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HaWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION
vel

The Hawaiian Sugar Cane Bud Moth
(Ereunetis flabistriata) With an
Account of Some Allied Species

and Natural Enemies.

By OTTO H. SWEZEY

HONOLULU, HAWAII
OCTOBER 25, 1909

oer TS
Vvuse —— |
4
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To the Experiment Station Committee of the Hawaiian Sugar
Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaii.

GENTLEMEN :—I herewith submit Bulletin VI of the Division
of Entomology. It has been prepared by Mr. Otto H. Swezey,
and is entitled ‘The Hawaiian Sugar Cane Bud Moth (Ereunetis
Havistriata), with an Account of some Allied Species and Natural
Enemies.”

Yours obediently,
G. W. KIRKALDY,
Acting Director, Division of Entomology.

Honolulu, Hawaii, August 2, 1go9.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

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INTRODUCTION.

The bud moth (Ereunetis flavistriata) is apparently not a na-
tive insect, although it is not at present known elsewhere. It is
an example of an insect of other habits becoming attached to an
introduced cultivated plant, i. e., sugar cane. It is always to be
found in the cane fields of the Hawaiian Islands, and usually very
numerous; but it also retains its habits of feeding on various
other plants. It is usually not particularly injurious, as it cus-
tomarily feeds on the dead and drying tissues of the leaf sheaths
of sugar cane; but when very numerous and on particularly soft
varieties of cane the caterpillars do considerable eating of the
epidermis, and also eat into the buds and destroy them, occasion-
ing a good deal of loss where the cane is desired for cuttings to
plant.

Associated with this species are often also the caterpillars of
several other species of moths, some of which feed in dead cane
sticks or in the tunnels of the cane borer (Sphenophorus ob-
scurus) as well.

This bulletin treats of the habits of the bud moth and its lepi-
dopterous associates, and also their parasites so far as any are
known.

Of the twenty or more species of Ereunetis, very little is known
regarding their habits. They are distributed from West Indies
to Marquesas, Fiji, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, India, and
Ceylon; but there are only two species which are known from
more than one locality: muniuscula in West Indies and Hawaii;
simulans in Hawaii, Marquesas, Fiji, and Ceylon. Aside from
the species herein treated, one species (iuloptera) in Austraha
has been bred from a pupa in bark of a fibrous-barked species of
Eucalyptus (Meyrick). An Indian species (seminivora) was
bred from a pod of Cassia occidentalis (Walsingham).? This is
in accord with the habits of our species; for of our five species,
simulans feeds on bark and wood of dead trees; minuscula in dead
wood and pods of various leguminous trees and plants; flavistriata
on dead leaves, etc., of sugar cane, palms, and various other plants.
It is probable that when the habits of other species of the genus
are studied, they will be found quite similar.

Be, 1s Shy Nis Ss WSS Wah oe 2XoO), altsyeiale
2 Indian Museum Notes, IV, p. 107, Pl. VII, Fig. 2, 1899.

The same can be said for the genus Opogona. About two
dozen species are known, but the habits of only a few of them are
known. In Java, caterpillars of dimidiatella* feed on sugar
cane, eating the surface of the young roots at the base, causing
them to die. They also sometimes enter the passages of the
borers; but chiefly live on dead tissues ; hence, are not particularly
injurious, especially as they are not numerous. In New Guinea,
saccharella has similar habits to the above. In Java, fumiceps*
is reported as feeding on the coconut palms. In Mauritius,
subcervinella® is reported to feed on sugar cane, potatoes, and
other stored tubers. The larva of lachanitis® was found feed-
ing in the fungus beds of the common termite, in Ceylon. Our
two species both feed in dead sugar cane, rotten wood, and vari-
ous other decaying substances.

I have included four species of moths sent by Mr. Muir from
New Guinea, where their larvae feed in cane similarly to the way
that some of our species do here. Of these moths, two species
are Ereunetis (both new species), and two are Opogona (one new
species). I have included them, as it 1s a matter of considerable
interest to know that elsewhere some of the species of these two
genera have the same habits that the Hawatian species have. I
have no doubt but that when the habits of those species of these
genera whose habits are at present unknown, are studied, they
will be found to be quite similar to those already known.

Habits of the other genera herein treated are mostly as little
known. Cryptoblabes has about a dozen species. Of these, in
Europe, the larva of bistriga™ feeds in folded leaves of oak and
alder. I have found nothing published in regard to habits of
other species.

Of Batrachedra, more is known, for discussion of which see
under B. rileyi, page 23 of this bulletin.

There is very little parasitization of any of these species of
moths so far as I have been able to observe. Probably of the
few treated of in this paper none are of any special importance,
tho one or two of them were found locally quite abundant at
one time on the bud worm, yet there was no appreciable diminu-
tion in their numbers.

* Van Deventer, Hanboek ten dienste van de Suikerriet-cultur en den Rietsuiker-
fabricage op Java, II, p. 165, Pl. 22, Fig. 12, 1906.

* Van Deventer, Tijd. Ent., XLVII, p. 83-84, Pl. X, Figs. la, 1b, 1904.

5 Walsingham, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. V, p. 713, 1907.

® Meyrick, Bombay J. Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 416-417, 1906.

7 Meyrick, Handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 381, 1895.

BAMILY TINEIDAE,

Ereunetis flavistriata Wism. (Sugar Cane Bud Moth.)

(Plate Il, Figs, 1-6.)

“Antennae yellowish-white, with two small grey spots above before the
apex. Palpi yellowish-white, brush-like beneath; the terminal joint very
short. Head and thorax yellowish-white. Forewings yellowish-white,
indistinctly streaked with broken yellow lines along the fold, along the
cell, and below the costa beyond the middle; also sparsely speckled with
black scales, especially beyond the middle; a short blackish streak at the
upturned apex runs to the end of the apical cilia and is joined by a
slender golden brown streak along the base of the shining, white costal
cilia; terminal cilia whitish cinereous, with a blackish spot in their middle
below the apex. Exp. al. 14 mm. MHindwings shining, pale golden yel-
lowish, becoming white at the apex; cilia pale yellowish-grey. Abdomen
and legs yellowish-white.” [Walsingham, “Fauna Hawaiiensis,” I, Pt. V,

Di 710; 1907. |

This moth is variously known as the “bud moth,” “budworm,”
or “sheath moth” of the sugar cane. It is very abundant in all
cane fields throughout the Hawaiian Islands. The larvae are
always to be found beneath the leaf-sheaths of the older leaves
which are partially or completely dead and dried. They are
most abundant where no stripping has been done or where there
is more or less of a tangled mass of leaves. They normally feed
upon the dried leaf-sheaths themselves, also on the leaves. On
the sheath they feed on the inner side towards the cane stalk, eat-
ing out between the strands of fibers, often burrowing into the
substance of the leaf-sheath (Plate I, Fig. 1). Besides their
normal feeding, however, they often eat off the surface of the
rind for considerable areas, particularly at or just above the
nodes where it is apt to be softer; but they sometimes eat off
the surface from a whole internode. This eating of the surface 1s
most likely done while the rind is yet growing, before it becomes
hardened.

Besides all this, the worst damage is done when they eat out
the buds or “eyes,” which they sometimes do for several in suc-
cession, or for from one to three feet of the cane stalk (Plate I,
Fig. 2). The eating of the leaf-sheaths and the leaves does no
apparent injury to the cane, as the eating is done on the dead or

nearly dead leaves; but the eating of the rind may be considered
as injurious in the extent to which it may allow an entrance for
fungus spores, etc. The eating of the “eyes” is a serious injury,
however, not alone from its producing a condition, or an op-
portunity for the admission of fungus spores; but chiefly by its
rendering the cane valueless for-‘seed.””. This would not apply
of course where only “‘top-seed” is used for planting, as usually
this is higher than where the “bud worms” are accustomed to
feed; but where, as is often the case, short ratoons are used for
seed, and the whole of the stick used, the cuttings from the lower
part, or even the whole stick, may be quite worthless for planting
on account of the number of “eyes” which have been eaten by
this insect. The eating is often done in such an obscure way as
to be readily overlooked. Usually the larva eats a tiny hole
through the outer scales of the bud and consumes the inner soft
portion. This entrance hole may be made at the base of the bud,
or behind it, where not readily seen; hence, the extent of the in-
jury is not always conspicuous, but thorough examination should
be made of any doubtful cuttings where the larvae are noticed
in abundance. Their presence is made known (even though not
seen themselves), by the silken web by which they partially con-
ceal themselves and endeavor to protect themselves from enemies,
and also by the numerous tiny pellets of excrement which are
always present where they have been feeding, whether at the
base of leaves, or on the outside or inside of the leaf-sheaths.

The larvae of this moth also feed on dead leaves of palms,.
bananas, pineapples, and Pandanius; and amongst the bananas on
the bunch eating dead tissues and sometimes the skin of the fruit.
They are also often numerous amongst the fibrous material at
base of palm leaves; and frequently amongst the bracts at base
of pineapples. In none of these places, however, are they to be
considered injurious, merely feeding on dead tissues.

LIFE HISTORY.

The eggs (Plate II, Fig. 3) are laid singly, or often a few
near together, on the inner surface of the leaf-sheath, sometimes
on the outer surface as well, deposited lengthwise in the slight
longitudinal grooves of its surface. I have counted as many as
twenty-three on one sheath, sixteen of which were within a distance

of an inch and a half. When deposited on the inner surface of
the leaf-sheaths, of course, it is only on those which have sepa-
rated at the top to allow the entrance of the moth. An egg is
oval-oblong, about 0.75 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide, upper
surface convex, finely reticulated, and with three to seven nearly
parallel longitudinal carinae; whitish, or more or less pearly
iridescent. The length of time before hatching is about two
weeks or more. The length of the larval period is quite long
considering the size of the larva. One which I reared became
full-grown in eight weeks from time of hatching.

The full-grown larva (Plate II, Figs. 4, 5) is about 12 to 15
mm. It is cylindrical, with the head and the anterior segments
about the same width as the rest of the body. It is of a dirty
whitish color; head pale reddish-brown and eyes dark. The
head is horizontal and somewhat retracted into the segment be-
hind it, which is somewhat infuscated; there are also some fus-
cous spots on the sides of this, and the next segment. Tubercies
fuscous-centered at the base of hairs; tubercle iit about twice
as far from dorsal median line as tubercle i; iii just above
spiracle ; iv posterior to spiracle and lower; v below spiracle and
anterior of it. Spiracles circular, pale yellowish, minute.

The pupa (Plate II, Fig. 6) is 5.5 to 6 mm.; very pale yellow-
ish-brown, eyes darker; head with a compressed protuberance in
front which is rounded above, but with a sharp angle below, this
is darker than rest of pupa; fine hairs situated same as on cater-
pillar ; all of abdominal segments except first and second movable ;
near basal dorsal margin of segments four to eight is a slight
transverse ridge armed with a row of numerous short spines
which probably assist in emerging from cocoon; cremaster has
two short, stout spines on dorsum, slightly curved forward, and
two short conical ones ventrally, wide apart; wing-cases extend
to about apex of fifth abdominal segment, free beyond third seg-
ment; antenna- and leg-cases extend 2bout two segments farther.

The pupa is formed within a cocoon made in the same location
in which the larva has been feeding (Plate I, Figs. 3, 4). It is
6 to 10 mm. long and usually has an outer layer of fibrous material
from the leaf-sheath where the larva fed; sometimes it is covered
with a layer of pellets of excrement instead, and if the larva
has fed on the outside of the leaf-sheath of a variety of cane

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having numerous bristles on the leaf-sheaths, the cocoons will
be covered with these, the latter and the fibers are laid on length-
wise of the cocoon and make it spindle-shaped, one side of
cocoon is made onto the surface of leaf-sheath or whatever it is
attached to. The moth emerges in about two or three weeks.

The adult moth is about 12.mm. with the wings spread; with
them folded at rest on the back the insect is 5 mm. It is not
conspicuous when at rest, on account of its pale color and the
fact that it rests so close to the object it is on, usually the under
side of the cane leaf, and often in the hollow next to the midrib.
They may often be seen flying when the cane is disturbed. They
are of a yellowish-white color (sometimes greyish-white) with
a few yellower streaks and numerous black dots on forewings.
There is a black streak at apex of wing which is sharply up-
turned.

Ereunetis minuscula W1sm.
(Plate II, Figs. 7-9.)

“Antennae rather stout, enlarged at the base, simple in the male;
creamy white. Palpi projecting more than the length of the head beyond
it, brush-like beneath; creamy white. Head rough; cream-colored.
Thorax cream-colored. Forewings cream-colored; more or less shaded
and speckled with umber-brown, this shading being concentrated (and
therefore more conspicuous) from the base along the first half of the
fold, from beyond the middle of the costa to the lower angle of the cell,
and in a subapical oblique costal streak; a dark fuscous streaklet immedi-
ately before the extreme apex is preceded by a whitish costal patch; the
termen deeply incised below and opposite to it, causing the apex of the
wing to turn up sometimes almost at right angles to its surface; cilia
creamy whitish, with a slender reduplicated umber-brown line close to
their tips. Exp. al. 9 mm. Hindwings, male, with a hyaline patch at
the base; pale golden yellowish, sometimes with a cupreous tinge; cilia
whitish, with a slight golden or cupreous tinge, a slender reduplicated
curved line of umber-brown running through them around the extreme
apex. Abdomen whitish-ochreous. Legs creamy white.” | Walsingham,
“Fauna Hawaiiensis,”’ I, Pt. V, p. 716, 1907. ]

This moth is closely related in habits to the preceding, except
that I have never yet found its larvae feeding in cane, though I
have taken the moth in cane fields. It is more common to find
them feeding on the dead leaves of palm, banana, pandanus, etc.,

_and in the dry and decaying pods of various legumes, as tama-
rind and various Cassias. I have also found them in decaying
stems of various woody plants. They are also usually to be
found among the dead bracts at the base of pineapples, not in-
jurious to the pineapples, however; in fact, I do not at present
know of any injuries caused by them, as they habitually feed on
dead plant substances. I once found them quite numerous on
lantana bushes which were infested by Orthezia insignis, and had
numerous larvae also of Cryptoblabes aliena, Thyrocopa abusa,
and Batrachedra rileyi feeding on the dying bushes or the debris
caused by one or another insect being present.

The larva (Plate II, Fig. 8) is very similar to that of the pre-
ceding species, but paler, of a whitish appearance; tubercles not
fuscous and no fuscous markings behind cervical shield. The
pupa (Plate H, Fig. 9) differs by having four teeth close to-
gether ventrally on cremaster, instead of two, wide apart; there
is also a sort of transverse dorsal pit between segments six and
seven; and the frontal protuberance on the head is wider and
bounded by two carinae which converge dorsally, less sharply
pointed ventrally. The cocoon is similar to that of flavistriata.

Ereunetis penicillata n. sp.

Very similar to &. minuscula, but the male has an elongate, oval, yel-

. lowish-brown patch of modified scales in cell of forewing below; and a

strong, yellowish-brown costal hair-pencil on hindwing; while the
transparent spot near base of cell in hind wing of minuscula is lacking.

The pupa is similar to minuscula also, except that it has a short
conical tooth on each side of cremaster instead of the four ventral
ones in minuscula; the frontal protuberance more prominent, with
the two carinae contiguous.

I bred two males of this species from cocoons in fallen dried
Pandanus leaves at Kilauea, Kauai.

Ereunctis simulans (Butl.).
(Plate, 11, Pigs. 10-12-)
“Antennae white, annulate with brownish cinereous, basal joint white.

Palpi porrect, with large expanding brush beneath, extending to the tip;
white. Head white. Thorax white, With a blackish spot cn the anterior

margin and another posteriorly; the base of the tegulae blackish. Fore-
wings creamy white, with large clearly defined blackish spots or patches
(varying in different specimens); the first near the base of the costa
extends obliquely outward and is narrowly connected along the extreme
margin with a large quadrangular costal patch, at one-third, reaching to
the fold and there connected at its inner angle with a small patch below
the fold; near the base is a small triangular dorsal patch opposite the
first costal; scarcely beyond the middle is a smaller quadrangular costal
patch, followed half way to the apex by an irregularly triangular costal
patch with serrate inner margin (its apex sometimes connected narrowly
with the terminal shading), between these two, but below them, is a
distinctly triangular patch on the lower angle of the cell, its apex reach-
ing nearly to the fold; two smaller dentate dorsal patches tend obliquely
outward, the first about the middle, the second about the tornus; a roundish
patch at the upturned apex of the wing is partly connected by scattered
scales with a less distinct diffused patch on the middle of the termen;
cilia white, tinged with fuscous on the middle of the termen, a fuscous
line running through their middle. Exp. al. 20-23 mm. Hindwings and
cilia rather shining, pale brownish cinereous. Abdomen and legs pale
brownish cinereous, the tarsal joints whitish, slightly spotted with brown.”
[ Walsingham, “Fauna Hawaiiensis,” I, Pt. V, p. 715, 1907.]

This is larger than the preceding species and quite distinct
from them in markings of the adult moth, it being white with
black spots. These spots are larger in the females than the males.

The larvae of this species feed in dead wood, particularly the
bark and outer parts of stems and trunks. The “hau” tree is a
great favorite with them, but many other species are attacked as
well. Their presence may be known by the numerous black
pellets of excrement, which are to be seen on the outside of the
bark and in crevices, where they cling by the web which the
caterpillars produce in abundance.

The eggs are white, about .5 mm. long by about as much in
diameter, cylindrical, rounded at the ends, a little larger at one
end on which is a circle of elongate spines bifid at tip, placed
close together; surface slightly corrugated. They are deposited
by the female in crevices and beneath loose pieces of bark, quite
a number in a batch. In some batches twenty-seven, forty-seven,
and fifty respectively were counted. They were quite regularly
placed, flattened somewhat by being crowded beneath the bark.

The full-grown larva (Plate II, Fig. 11) is 25-30 mm. long,
of a dirty whitish color; the head dark reddish-brown; cervical
shield with a wide transverse blackish-brown band; segment

three mostly pale brownish, the tubercles of other segments of
the same color; spiracles circular, pale brownish.

. Pupation takes place in a tough cocoon in a tunnel in which
the caterpillar has lived, it being either near the outside, or else
has one end near the outside so that the moth may readily emerge.
The empty pupa cases may be seen projecting from these after
moths have emerged. The pupa (Plate II, Fig. 12) is about to
mm. long; quite similar to that of minuscula except that it js

larger and has two conical teeth wide apart ventrally on cremaster
instead of four close together as in muscula; and the frontal
protuberance is more prominent, in lateral view the ventral point
is about a right angle, and there is but one carina extending
dorsally.

Ereunetis pilosata n. sp.

Male, 9 mm. Antennae whitish-ochreous irregularly marked above with
dark fuscous, basal segment dark fuscous, with pecten below. Palpi
cinereous-fuscous. Head and thorax cinereous-fuscous. Forewings irre-
gularly mixed with white and fuscous, and a sprinkling of black scales, a
few pale brownish scales along dorsum and a spot at apex; cilia cinereous
fuscous: apex upturned. Hindwings pale ochreous; cell on upper surface
clothed with pale ochreous elongate scales; space between cell and costa
ciothed with long yellowish hairs; an oval transparent spot at base below
lower margin of cell; cilia pale cinereous-ochreous, a few dark fuscous
scales at apex. Abdomen fuscous mixed with ochreous, especially on the
segmental margins. Legs fuscous, hind tarsi marked with whitish.

Two males, British New Guinea (Muir). The larva feeds in

cane similarly to what EF. favistriata does in Hawaii.

Ereunetis muiriella n. sp.

Female; 10 mm. Antennae whitish-ochreous faintly marked with
fuscous. Palpi ochreous. Head pale grey. Thorax greyish-ochreous with
a black spot posteriorly. Abdomen shining greyish-white. Forewings pale
ochreous grey; a narrow black line on basal third of costa; a small black
spot beneath costa near base; a black dot about the middle of fold; a
tiny black dot in cell; four tiny black dots beneath outer half of costa;
apical portion of wing with several suffused dark fuscous spots, cilia grey,
spotted with dark fuscous around apex. Hind wings and cilia pale shining
grey, a few fuscous scales at apex; oval transparent area below cell at
base. Legs grey, tarsi fuscous-marked.

One female, British New Guinea (Muir). The larva feeds in
cane similarly to what EF. flavistriata does in Hawaii.

16
Opogona aurisquamosa (Butl.).

(Plate IIT, Figs. 1-3.)

“Antennae very pale fawn-ochreous (almost whitish), the basal joint
somewhat dilated and flattened, whiter than the stem. Palpi pale fawn-
ochreous above, straw-white beneath> Head shining, pale fawn-brown;
face shining, steel-white. Thorax shining, varying from brown to deep
purplish. Forewings irridescent, dark purple, varying to pale fawn-
brownish (but chiefly in worn or greasy specimens), with minute trans-
verse lines of golden scales, more noticeable towards the apex than on
the basal half, these coalesce in some specimens forming a costal spot
before the apex, and occasionally a dorsal spot near the end of the fold;
cilia dull pale brownish ochreous, varying to grey. Exp. al. 12-14 mm.
Hindwings shining, bronzy greyish, with bright aeneous sheen around
the margins, silvery white on the costa about the base; cilia dull pale
brownish ochreous. Abdomen shining, pale fawn-brownish, varying to
dark purplish grey. Legs pale ochreous.” [Walsingham, “Fauna Ha-
waiiensis,” I, Pt. V, p. 713, 1907. ]

The larvae of this moth are often associated with bud-worms,
and feeding in a similar manner; hence, they are also responsible
for some destruction of the eyes of the cane. They occur more
abundantly, however, feeding inside of diseased, dead, or rotten
cane, especially in those shoots which have been choked or
smothered and have died off at the top, and in cane sticks which
have been attacked by borers. In the latter, many may often
be found in old borer tunnels, feeding on the chewed-up cane
left by the borer, or on the disintegrating substance of the cane
itself. They also feed on decaying fruits and other decaying sub-
stances, on the dead leaves of bananas and palms, and in rotten
wood. I have found them quite numerous in fruit clusters and
dead stems of the castor oi] plant, and in decaying bamboo stems,
also in Pipturus, Clermontia, and other native trees in the moun-
tains. I once reared quite a number of the moths from dried cow
dung. They occur generally throughout the islands and are
always found in cane fields, though not particularly injurious on
account of their general feeding habits as given above. The
species is also known in the Marquesas and the Society Islands.

The moths may often be seen at rest on the cane leaves. They
are of a bronzy-yellowish color with metallic reflections. They
are about 4 inch in length with the wings folded over the back.

17
The wings are somewhat bent down at the tips. The antennae
extended forward.

The full-grown larva (Plate III, Fig. 3) is about 15 to 18 mm.
long, dull dirty white; finely pubescent, except head and segment
two; head and cervical shield blackish-brown; tubercles slightly
infuscated, especially those of segments two to four; tubercles
i and ii in a straight longitudinal line, iii separated into two
above the spiracle, iv and v below spiracle and about as far
apart as itia and iib above; spiracles pale with black margins.
Like Ereinetis larvae, they are of slow growth; the length of
larval period has not been definitely determined.

The pupa (Plate III, Fig. 2) is 6-6.5 mm. in length; nearly
uniform light brown, paler below, darker at extreme anterior
end; fine hairs are situated where they were on the caterpillar ;
head bluntly, triangularly produced in front near ventral side;
all of the abdominal segments mpvable, except first and second;
near basal dorsal margin of segments four to eight is a slight
transverse ridge armed with a row of numerous short spines,
which assist in emerging from the cocoon at the time the moth
emerges ; cremaster has two short, stout spines on dorsum and
slightly curved forward, two slight conical protuberances on
ventral side; antenna- wing- and leg-cases extend to near middle
of eighth abdominal segment, free beyond third segment.

The pupa is formed in a compact cocoon made in the place
where the larva has fed. The cocoon is about 8 mm. long by
2.5 mm. in diameter, rounded at the ends and covered with frass
and other debris, few fibers of the cane or leaves, etc.; at each
end, a strip of white silk extends out about 5 mm. onto the sur-
face of whatever the cocoon is attached to. About ten days are
passed in the pupal stage.

Opogona apicalis n. sp.

(Plate IIT, Figs. 4 and 5.)

Antennae ochreous-brown, banded above with fuscous, basal segment
fuscous-brown above; palpi brownish-ochreous, darker on outer side, a
few large bristles on outer side of median segment; head tufted above
with ochreous-brown hairs, smooth-scaled in front, ochreous; back of
head, thorax, and patagia, dark fuscous-brown; forewings fuscous-brown
mixed with a few ochreous scales, an ochreous spot on dorsum near base,

another at end of fold, cilia brownish-ochreous; hindwings pale brownish-
ochreous, darker at apex, cilia ochreous. Male with a whitish-ochreous
hair-pencil on upper side in a fold along vein eight. Fore and median
legs ochreous-brown, paler at apex of tibia and tarsal segments; hind legs
ochreous, tibiae rough-haired; abdomen ochreous. Forewings up-turned
at apex as in Ereunctis. 18-20 mm. with wings spread.

This moth is very abundant_on the windward side of Hawaii.
It is not included in the Fauna Hawaiiensis, which would indi-
cate that it was very rare when Dr. Perkins was collecting and
has since become numerous, or else that it is a recent intro-
duction which has now become very numerous. It does not an-
swer to any description in literature available, hence I have de-
scribed it as new.

The larvae are often numerous in dead cane, especially those
which are rotting on account of having been badly bored by the
cane borer (Sphenophorus obscurus) ; and shoots which have
been killed by “iliau,” or have died from being smothered, or
any other cause. I have not known of their causing the death of
the cane, but their appearance comes after the beginning of de-
composition. They may sometimes eat the lower eyes of cane
where there is a lot of wet trash at base of cane. They prefer
wet situations, and for this reason they have not been observed in
the sugar plantations of Oahu. They occur on this island, how-
ever, as I have collected the moths at Wahiawa, and found the
larvae in rotten logs. On Hawaii, I have found the larvae in the
stipes of dead fronds of tree ferns; and the moths came numer-
ously to lights, when I staid over night once at Waimea.

The full-grown larva (Plate III, Fig. 5) is about 20 mm. long;
of a dirty whitish color; head and cervical shield blackish-brown,
large blackish-brown chitinized plates enclosing tubercles of seg-
ments 3 and 4; tubercles of other segments fuscous with black
center at base of hair except those of iiib series; tubercle 11
directly behind i so that they form two straight longitudinal
lines down the back; iiia and iiib wide apart, ib just over
spiracle, ilia farther forward; iv just behind spiracle and con-
tinguous to it; v below iiia; hairs dark brown; spiracles black ;
surface of body covered with minute black pubescence.

The cocoon is like O. aurisquamosa. The pupa is quite simi-
lar, but a little larger and does not have the two conical projec-
tions ventrally on the cremaster.

. 19

Opogona saccharella n. sp.

Head metallic fuscous above, pale fawn below. Palpi pale fawn,
fuscous externally. Antennae pale fawn, basal segment fuscous above.
Thorax dark bronzy fuscous, sulphur-yellow posteriorly. Abdomen and
legs pale metallic fawn. Forewings very long-pointed, sulphur-yellow;
a dark fuscous streak along basal sixth of costa; a very oblique black
postmedian line from about “4 of costa to a little before end of fold, area
beyond this metallic fawn with a few violet scales; cilia pale fawn. Hind-
wings and cilia pale metallic fawn. 12 mm.

Near O. (Logostoma) protodoxa Meyr., which is common in
Australia.

One specimen, British New Guinea (Muir). The larva feeds
in sugar cane similarly to what O. aurisquamosa does in Hawaii.

Opogona fumiceps Felder.

Felder, Reis: Nov. Pl. CXXXIX, Fig. 8.
Meyrick, Journal Bombay, Nat. Hist. Soc., XVII, p. 986,
1907.

“Male and female, 12-18 mm. Head dark fuscous, face bronzy-white.
Palpi whitish. Antennae ochreous-whitish, basal and next two or three
joints dark fuscous. Thorax yellow, anterior third dark fuscous. Abdo-
men pale grey or greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate-lanceolate; bright
yellow; a thick dark fuscous streak along basal fifth of costa; apical half
beyond an irregular line from middle of costa to beyond middle of dorsum
rather dark fuscous except a triangular yellow spot on costa towards apex;
small suffused dark fuscous spots beneath costa and on dorsum imme-
diately beyond dividing line; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous; cilia
pale fuscous.” [Meyrick, l. c. above.]

One female, British New Guinea (Muir). The larva feeds in
sugar cane similarly to what O. auwrisquamosa does in Hawaii.

It agrees very well with Meyrick’s description, but not with
Felder’s figure; in fact, this figure and Meyrick’s description do
not exactly agree either. I have no doubt but that my specimen
is fumiceps. It occurs in Java and Ceylon, which are some dis-
tance apart, and as it is reported as feeding on coconut palins in
Java,* it might have considerable range in the Malayan and Pacific
islands. As Opogona aurisquamosa in Hawaii feeds on palms and
other plants besides sugar cane, it might not be unexpected if
fumiceps was found to feed on both palms and sugar cane.

* Van Deventer, Tijd. Ent., XLVII, p. 83, Pl. X, Figs. 1a, 1b, 1904.

20
The Dancing Moth.

(Plate III, Figs. 6-8.)

This is probably a somewhat recently introduced moth and at
present remains undertermined. Dr. Perkins collected it in Ho-
nolulu in 1go1, but it is not inciuded in the “MrcROLEPIDOPTERA”’
of the “Fauna Hawaiiensis.” I believe that Walsingham has
had specimens for identification recently, but I have not heard
the results. [ am unable to place it generically from the litera-
ture available.

dt is already abundant on Oahu, but I do not know whether it
occurs on the other islands or not. Its larvae are often found
in sugar cane associated with larvae of the bud moth, and I have
sometimes found them quite numerous though never enough so
to do any noticeable injury. They are also to be found on pine-
apples amongst dead leaves, and the dead bracts at the base of
the fruit; and among dead or dying leaves of banana and Pav-
danus. The moth is often seen amongst ferns in the mountains.

The moth is smaller than those previously mentioned. With
wings folded at rest it is but 4 mm. long (less than '%4 inch) and
the breadth with wings spread is about 8 mm. or 5/6 inch. It is
white to vellowish-white and the fore wings have more or less
brownish markings, sometimes nearly all pale brown with blackish
markings; hind wings paler; head and antennae white, the latter
banded with black. It has the peculiar habit when first alighting
upon a leaf or anything, of running around with much gyrating;
hence the name.

The full-grown larva (Plate III, Fig. 8) is about 9-10 mm.,
cylindrical, head and following segment slightly narrower than
rest of body; very dark brown, also two brownish spots on each
side of segments three and four; rest of body somewhat fuscous
but usually appearing blackish on account of the contents of the
alimentary canal; tubercles quite conspicuously prominent,
slightly darkened, hairs long, dark, those of tubercles i and 11
curved forward; tubercles i and ii in a straight longitudinal line;
tubercule iii just above spiracles ; iv and v separate. below spiracle,
v anteriorly and somewhat lower than iv.

The larva does not spin much silk for its protection, and does
not make a cocoon for pupation. The pupa (Plate III, Fig. 7)

is formed in an irregular network of silk, made on the inner side
of the leaf-sheath where the larva has lived. It is 3.5 mm. long
by a little over 1 mm. wide (about 1/8 by 1/16 inch) ; medium
brown, pale on ventral side; slightly flattened and widest in mid-
dle portion; wing- and antenna-cases extend to apex of sixth
abdominal segment, which is nearly to extremity of body, for the
first four abdominal segments are large, and the remainder are
very small; spiracles raised on slender projections which widen
out broadly at base; hairs conspicuous, those on the back hooked
at the tip and fastened into the network of silk above it; apex
of abdomen blunt, rounded, with numerous scattered straight
hairs; head with two blunt protuberances between the eyes. The
pupal period lasts seven to nine days. Other details of life his-
tory not yet known.

FAMILY GELECHIADAE.
Autosticha pelodes (Meyr.).
(Plate IV, Figs. 1-3.)

“Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and legs, whitish-ochreous,
thinly sprinkled with fuscous; second joint of palpi externally densely
irrorated with dark fuscous, terminal joint with a slender blackish median
ring. Forewings moderately elongate, costa moderately arched, apex
obtuse, hind margin obliquely rounded; whitish ochreous, somewhat
suffused with ochreous, and thinly sprinkled with dark fuscous; a blackish
dot at base of costa; a small blackish dot in disc before middle, a second
rather obliquely beyond it on fold, and a third more conspicuous in disc
beyond middle; a row of blackish dots between veins on hind margin
and apical fourth of costa; cilia whitish-ochreous sprinkled with fuscous.
Exp. al. 15 mm. Hindwings whitish-ochreous slightly greyish tinged;
cilia whitish-ochreous.”’ (Meyrick) [Walsingham, “Fauna Hawaliensis,”
eee pe S7 LOO7.

This is another moth whose larva is sometimes associated with
bud worms in the cane. They are much less numerous, however,
and distinctly larger, and probably do no injury. I have aiss
found the larvae in dead sticks of castor oil plant and lantana ;
in fibrous matter at base of palm leaves; and on dead or partially
dead twigs of Araucarian pine.

The larva (Plate IV, Fig. 3) of this species is large and dis-
tinctly different from the bud worm. When full-grown it is

about 20 mm. in length; cylindrical, head and two following
segments narrower than rest of body; head bright reddish-brown,
eyes black; cervical shield blackish-brown; segments three to six,
blackish, becoming paler posteriorly ; remaining segments more or
less fuscous with somewhat of a purplish tinge; tubercles 1, ii,
and iii, large, circular, slightly convex, a dark dot at base of
hairs; other tubercles smaller; hairs long, reddish; spiracles dark
with pale centers, those on segments three to eleven, minute.

The pupa (Plate IV, Fig. 2) is formed in a slight cocoon of
white silk where the larva has lived. It is about 7 mm. long;
uniform, medium brown; antenna- and wing-cases extending to
near the apex of fourth abdominal segment; on dorsum of fifth
abdominal segment is a band near the base, having longitudinal
striations; cremaster flattened dorsiventrally, abruptly con-
tracted to a median spine which has a double hook at the tip
fastened into the silk of the cocoon. The pupal period is thirteen
to fifteen days. Other details of its life history are not known.

PAMILY BLACEISTIDAT.
Batrachedra rileyi Walsm.

(Plates Riess o-arty)

“Head chestnut-brown; palpi widely divergent, whitish, with an oblique
pale brown mark on each side near the end of the second joint, and two
or three brownish spots on the sides of the apical joint. Antennae with
white and fuscous annulations; the basal joint elongate, chestnut-brown.
Forewings chestnut-brown, slightly shaded with fuscous towards the
costal margin; a whitish-ochreous streak at the base of the dorsal margin,
followed by two or three other smaller ones along the dorsal margin (in
some specimens these are obsolete); above the dorsal margin are two
oblique whitish-ochreous streaks, the first before the middle, the second
before the anal angle. A similar streak from the costal margin immedi-
ately before the apex is outwardly margined by a streak of black scales,
the apex and apical margin being also black; there is also a faint fuscous
streak running downwards through the cilia below the apex. On the
cell are two elongate patches of black scales, one immediately before the
middle of the wing, the other halfway between this and the base. Fringes
grey, with a slight yellowish tinge. Hind wings pale greyish. Hind
tibiae greyish-white, outwardly fuscous; hind tarsi whitish, with a wide
fuscous band followed by two fuscous spots on their outer sides. Ex-
panse 11 mm.” [Walsingham, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., X, p. 198, 1882. ]

22
=O)

The larvae of this tiny little moth, I have found feeding in
various situations, most frequently on dead vegetable matter or
refuse substances, hence, not particularly injurious. I have found
them feeding beneath leaf-sheaths of dead cane, also in borered
cane sticks, and in places where the leaves are dirty and sticky
from having been attacked by Aphis or leaf-hoppers. I have
also found them feeding in the tassels. Once I found them very
numerous in sweet corn ears feeding on the “silks,” inner husks,
the pith, and other parts of the cob. I have also seen them in
ears of field corn, eating into the kernels of corn and into the
cob. Another time I observed them numerously on a large
woody twining bean vine, feeding on dying leaves and ripening
pods, especially where there was an accumulation of debris, webs,
frass, etc., on account of infestation by mealy bugs, Lecanium,
Tortrix, and Cryptoblabes larvae. Similarly, | have found them
feeding on lantana infested by Orthezia, and on palm leaves in-
fested with mealy bugs and leaf-rollers; also on dead leaves ot
pandanus, banana, and various other plants. On the banana, [|
have found them feeding in the bunch on the dead or injured
fruit, and on the skin of the ripened fruit, which they have pene-
trated sometimes and eaten into the fruit inside.

Mr. D. T. Fullaway has reported it from cotton infested with
mealy bugs. The original description of the species is from
specimens bred from rotten cotton-bolls in the United States.
It has been present in these Islands for a number of years no
doubt, as they were found by Dr. Perkins when he first came
(1892), though it is not included in the Fauna Hawatiensis.

The other species of this genus show a variety of habits so far
as these are known. Some breed in heads of Juncus*® and
sedges, catkins, and seeds of poplar and willow,” in plant galls °
(though not producing them), pine needles,!° others in webs of
other larvae and of spiders;® and one Australian species feeds
on the San Jose scale and other scale insects.141 A Hawaiian

species feeds on ferns.

8 Meyrick, P. L. S., N. S. W., XXII, p. 301, 303, 305, 1898.
9 Walsingham, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., IX, p. 199, 1882.

10 Meyrick, Handbook of British Lepidoptera, p. 662, 1895.
11 Froggatt, Australian Insects, p. 280.

24
LIFE HISTORY.

Eggs are deposited mostly singly, occasionally two together ;
about .5 mm. long, roundish-ovate, flattened below where in con-
tact with surface of object, convex above and coarsely reticulate.

They hatch in a few days. The freshly hatched larvae are
about 1 mm. long, pinkish with black head and cervical shield.

The full-grown larva (Plate III, Fig. 11) is about 7-8 mm.,
pinkish except head which is pale brown, and cervical shield
which is dark brown; tubercles concolorous, ii wider apart than
i, 111 above spiracle, iv + v below.

The larva pupates in a whitish cocoon amongst the frass where
it has fed. The pupa (Plate III, Fig. 10) is 4-5 mm. uniform,
medium brown; wing-cases and antenna-cases extend to apex of
sixth abdominal segment; abdominal segments apparently im-
movable ; terminal segment with numerous slender hooked bristles,
a few also on the two preceding segments. The pupal period is
eleven to thirteen days.

FAMILY PHYCIMDAE.
Cryptoblabes aliena n. sp.
(Plate IV, Figs.4-7-)

This moth with wings spread is 14-16 mm. long; grey, thickly irrorated
with fuscous. Palpi grey, pale fuscous on outer side of second and third
segments. Antennae pale grey. Head, thorax, and fore and mid femora
with more or less crimson tinge. Abdomen pale grey brown. Fore-
wings grey, thickly irrorated with fuscous, more or less suffusion of
crimson at base, on basal half of costa, and on inner margin, also beyond
the cell where it is sometimes confined to the veins; lines obsolete; some-
times a dark fuscous discal dot, and one or two dark fuscous discocellular
dots; cilia grey-fuscous, darker at base. Hindwings pale and subhya-
line, darker on veins, apex and hind margin; cilia whitish-grey.

The larvae of this Phycitid moth were first noticed in 1905; on
sorghum, cotton, and sugar cane. In each case, the plants were
considerably attacked by Aphis. On sugar cane they often hide
within a retreat made by the margin of the leaf being rolled down
and fastened beneath with silk. Often several larvae may be
in the same place. They eat off the substance of the leaf, leaving

the opposite epidermis, which makes the leaf look dead on the
margin. They often feed near the base of the leaf, adjacent to
the sheath.

The larvae feed on leaves of sorghum in the same way. They
also feed in the tops eating the flowers, bracts, and young seeds.

In 1906, larvae were found very abundantly feeding on sweet
corn, which was badly attacked by corn-hoppers (Peregrinus
maidis). They were beneath leaf-sheaths and husks, and in the
ears eating the silks, young grains and even the bracts or chaff
of the cob; they were also in the tassels. They spin slight silken
tunnels wherever they feed.

More recently, | have found the larvae quite abundant among
the flower clusters of Algaroba, both fresh clusters, and the
withered and dried up ones. I have also found them on orange,
mulberry, and some other plants, feeding where there has been
infestation by Aphis or mealy bugs; and in the dried capsules of
the castor oi] plant.

In May, 1908, I found them abundant on lantana where it was
being killed by being attacked by Orthezia, the ‘Maui blight” ;
and in the same year found them on coffee trees amongst the
berries, an occasional one being eaten by them. In all cases
where these larvae occur along with Aphis, mealy bugs, etc., they
do not feed on these latter insects themselves, although they may
be attracted by the more or less sweetish excretions of these in-
sects; they feed, however, largely on the tissues of the plants
themselves, either the fresh tissues or else the dead or dying tis-
sues.

It is thus seen that the larvae of this moth are quite general
feeders. They are not to be considered very injurious, however ;
the other insects with which they are usually associated being far
more injurious. They have not as yet become injurious to sugar
cane; but are generally distributed, as I have occasionally ob-
served the larvae in cane fields of various districts of the Islands.

Larva (Plate IV, Fig. 7) is about 12 mm. long; nearly cylin-
drical, narrowing towards each end; olivaceous, yellowish, red-
dish, or fuscous, with several longitudinal darker stripes, brown-
ish or fuscous; most conspicuous is a broad, somewhat double
brownish or fuscous, stripe just above line of tubercles 111; head
yellowish-brown to dark fuscous, eyes black; cervical shield con-

colorous, darker on anterior margin; tubercles small, concolorous
or pale, with a black dot in center at base of hair; tubercle iii
on segments three and twelve surrounded by a darker ring;
tubercles 1 and ii in straight longitudinal line; 111 just above
spiracle, iv + v below spiracle and a little more anteriorly;
hairs very pale brown; spiracles pale yellow. Larvae taken from
sweet corn and algaroba blossoms_were paler, usually yellowish
or reddish; those from lantana, orange and other trees where
Orthezia, Aphis, mealy bugs, etc., had been feeding, were mostly
very dark fuscous, often almost black, and nearly uniformly
colored.

Pupa (Plate IV, Fig. 6) is 5-6 mm. long; bright light brown,
paler below, greenish on wing- and leg-cases; punctured all over
the back; fine hairs in two dorsal, two lateral, and two ventral
rows; spiracles slightly raised; wing- and leg-cases extend to
near apex of fourth abdominal segment ; cremaster with two stout
straight spines close together, touching, hooked at tip, firmly
fastened into silk of cocoon, a few short hooked spines near their
base. Formed in a slight cocoon amongst the web where the
larva fed.

I have bred no parasites from the larvae; nor have I ever
found any of them stored up for food in wasps’ nests. Specimens
of the moth were sent to Dr. Dyar, Washington, D. C., for deter-
mination. He informed me that they did not agree with any
described species; hence, I have described it as new.

NATURAL ENEMIES.
PARASITES,

I have bred two parasites attacking the caterpillars of the bud
moth, to some extent, in the cane of the Experiment Station
grounds.

FAMILY BETHYLIDAE.
Sicrola molokaiensis Ashm.
(Plate Th Pies 132.)

“Female. Length 2 to 3.5 mm. _ Black, the head and thorax finely
coriaceous but more or less shining; mandibles black or brown-black;
abdomen smooth, impunctate, highly polished; antennae, except the four

or five terminal joints, and the legs, except the front coxae and more
or less of the front femora or at least above, testaceous or brownish-
yellow; front coxae and front femora black or dark brown in part, the
latter sometimes brownish only above or outwardly; wings hyaline, the
parastigma and the stigma brown or fuscous, the other veins pallid or
pale yellowish.

“The head is distinctly longer than wide, with an acute ridge anteriorly
between the insertion of the antennae, and clothed with a short, sparse
pubescence. The antennae are much longer than the head, all the joints
of the flagellum being distinctly longer than thick or from 1% to 2 times
as long as thick.

“Male. Length about 2 mm. Black; two or three basal joints of the
antennae and the legs, flavo-testaceous, the rest of the antennae being dark
fuscous or black. The anterior femora above or outwardly and some-
times the front coxae, more or less, are brown or fuscous. The joints
of the antennae 5 to 6 are oval and very little longer than thick, joints
It and 12 being moniliform, while the abdomen is oblong-oval, not longer
than the thorax.” [Ashmead, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. III, p. 290, root. |

Of a lot of cocoons of the bud worm collected in March, 1908,
334% were infested with this little Bethylid. Some contained
the Sierola larvae feeding upon the bud worm; and one contained
adult Sierolas which were all ready to emerge. The number per
cocoon varied from two to eight. The larvae feed externally
on the bud worm. Probably the adult Sierola stings the cater-
pillar after it has made its cocoon, paralyzes it and lays eggs in
or upon it. The larvae get their growth in a few days (as with
other parasites which feed upon paralyzed caterpillars). They
are plump footless maggots, somewhat curved, nearly transpar-
ent, with numerous white dots in their body-wall. When full-
-grown they are about 3 mm. long. They then spin loose brown-
ish cocoons occupying all the space inside the cocoon of the bud
worm. The pupa stage is passed through in about a week.

The parasite breeds more rapidly than the bud worm. _ It
should eventually be a valuable parasite on the bud worm. |
first bred one from cane bud worm in May, 1906, and at the time
there was some doubt as to whether it was really from the bud
worm or not. I have made no observations on it again till

recently, though I have occasionally taken a specimen in cane,

‘and have occasionally found bud worms parasitized by it.

28
FAMILY EULOPHIDAE.

Melittobia hawatiensis Perkins.

(Plate IV, Figs. 8-10.)

“Black, or brownish-black, the thorax with a faint aeneous reflection,
the head and thorax also faintly metallic. The mandibles are reddish
and the scape of the antennae is more or less pale, sometimes clear yel-
low, at other times only more or less obscurely brown in dried specimens.
The tibiae and tarsi are yellow, the femora dark, or at least more or less.
sordid. In fresh specimens the ocelli are enclosed in a pale ring, and
the eyes pale-margined, while there is a pale median line on the face,
furcate above and below, forming an elongate X-like mark. The meso-
thoracic sutures are mostly pale, as also the parapsidal furrows and the
scutellar grooves. In dry specimens generally all these pale markings
disappear. Head convex in front in fresh examples, but collapsing alto-
gether in dry ones; the antennae with elongate scape, widening to the
apex, and about as long as the pedicel and funicle joints together, the
pedicel obconical and longer than the first funicle joint, the latter not
differing much from the two following, and transverse on their widest
faces, the club ovate, twice as long as its greatest width, about equal to
the three funicle joints together, and with a spine at the apex. Thorax
with very short hairs and very minutely punctured, the propodeum smooth
and shining and with a median groove. Abdomen usually subparallel-
sided in dry specimens and elongate, being about as long as the head and
thorax together or rather more. Length rather more than rt mm. Wings
evenly dotted with short hairs and with short marginal fringe; the mar-
ginal vein with two rows of long and some shorter setae.

“Male quite unlike the female, blind and with very different antennae,
which are 9, not 8-jointed. Color, yellow or brown, sometimes more or
less darker in parts, the apical joints of the antennae more or less black.
Scape very large, subtriangular, and about as long as all the other antennal
joints together; it is concave beneath and some of the following joints
are usually withdrawn into the concavity, which is partly closed by the
incurved sides, pedicel laminate and often entirely hidden beneath the
scape, first funicle joint triangular, very narrow at the base, second and
third not differing much from one another, both being wide, fourth very
short and transverse, club three-jointed, the funicle joints are set with
longish setae. Wings rudimentary, the front pair about as long as the
thorax, the marginal vein very long, reaching nearly from base to apex
and clothed with many long bristles.” [Perkins, Proceedings Hawaiian
Entomological Society, I, Pt. 4, p. 124, 1907. |

This little Chalcid was discovered by Mr. Giffard in 1907, bred
from larva of some wasp or bee in its nest in decayed branch of
tree.* In the latter part of the same year, | found several nests
of the leaf-cutter bee (Megachile palmarum) in which most of
the cells had been parasitized by this Chalcid. I have also reared
them in the laboratory upon larvae of three different wasps:
Odynerous nigripennis, Pison hospes, and Sceliphron caemen-
tarium. In March, 1908, I first discovered them breeding on
the larvae of the bud worm (Ereunetis flavistriata Wlsm.) in
sugar cane at the Experiment Station. Of a lot of fifty cocoons
of the bud worm, collected at one time, six, or twelve per cent.,
contained a bud worm parasitized by Melittobia. Five of them
had eggs of Melittobia (seven, nine, eleven, twenty, and thirty
respectively per bud worm) scattered on the surface, which were
allowed to hatch, and reared to maturity. The sixth cocoon con-
tained thirty-five pupae of Melittobia which had consumed a bud
worm. within its cocoon, and were lying in contact with its dried
up remains.

Apparently the female Melittobia enters the bud worm’s cocoon
before it is entirely completed, stings the worm and deposits eggs
upon her. Or it may be that after entering the cocoon, she waits
till the bud worm is assuming the inactive condition previous to
the transformation to pupa, and then deposits her eggs upon her;
either stinging the bud worm to prevent further transformation,
or else the young larvae hatch and begin eating so quickly that
further transformation is prevented.

The egg is white, cylindrical, slightly curved, ends rounded,
0.3 mm. long by 0.12 mim. wide. They are laid indiscriminately
on the surface of host, singly or several together.

They hatch very quickly and the young larvae feed externally
upon the bud worm, becoming full-grown in about a week. They
are footless grubs just a little more than 1 mm. in length, and
transform to pupae in two or three days. They rest in the pupa
stage about two weeks. So many of this parasite develop upon
one host, that it should be a very valuable parasite upon the bud

- Proc) Haw. Emt. Soc:, I, Bart 4, p. 1241. 1907.

worm. I have not as yet ascertained whether it is generally
distributed throughout the islands or not. The known hosts of
this parasite now include Megachile, Sceliphron, Pison, Odynerus,
of Hymenoptera, and Ereunetis of Lepidoptera.

Recent observations show that this parasite confines its attacks
mostly to the hymenopterous hosts, especially Sceliphron (the
mud-dauber wasp so abundant everywhere), and bud worms are
not much attacked by them. When breeding on the larva of
Sceliphron, several hundred larvae of this parasite attain their
growth on one larva of the host; I once counted 338 (331 females
and 7 males) parasites bred from one larva of Megachile pal-
marum. The preponderance of females is always apparent. Ina
lot of adults reared from several larvae of Sceliphron were 1492
females and 48 males: about 1 male to 31 females. Whether
this species is partially parthenogenetic I have not as yet proved.

FAMILY BRACONIDAE.

Microdus hawaticola Ashm.

“Female. Length 3 to 4 mm.; ovipositor fully as long as the body.
Polished black, with the metathorax rugoso-punctate, the first segment of

the abdomen being longitudinally striate, the second with a few striae
only, a little beyond its middle; the first two joints of the antennae, the
clypeus, the cheek, the mandibles, the legs, except as noted below, and
ventral abdominal segments 1 to 4, honey-yellow, or brownish-yellow ;
the palpi, tegulae, trochanters, more or less, and a narrow annulus at
base of tibiae, yellowish-white; the hind coxae, except at apex, are black;
the middle femora and hind tibiae and tarsi are brown or fuscous, while
the hind femora vary from dark fuscous to black. Wings subhyaline;
the stigma and the veins, except toward the base of the wings, are brown,
the areolet being small, triangular and longly petiolate, the second dis-
coidal cell being open at apex.

“The abdomen is black; the ventral segments 1 to 4 pale, the third and
beyond, usually with dusky spots, while the extreme lateral margins of
the second segment are yellowish-white.” [Ashmead, Fauna Ha-
waiiensis, I, Pt. III, p. 361, 1901. |

This small black Braconid occurs on the four main islands of
the group. I have collected it in cane fields, and once bred a
specimen from a bud worm (Ereunetis flavistriata) which was

amongst bananas on the bunch. It no doubt parasitizes this
species to some slight extent. I have also reared it from Batra-
chedra rileyi on a few occasions; and from a Gelechiid (Stoeber-
hinus testaceous) which is very common, the larva feeding
amongst dead leaves at base of Bermuda grass and probably
other grasses. Dr. Perkins informs me that he has bred this
Bracon from many Tineids, especially Ereunetis stmuadlans.

The larva of this parasite emerges from the host caterpillar
after the latter has spun its cocoon and is about ready to pupate ;.
then finishes eating the caterpillar and makes its own white silken
cocoon inside the cocoon of its host. The adult parasite emerges
in about two weeks.

I once reared several of these parasites from larvae of Batra-
chedra rileyi found stored in the nest of a wasp (Odynerius mone
tanus). The wasp had collected parasitized larvae and stored
them up without injuring the parasitic larva inside while stinging
to paralyze the Batrachedra larva. These parasite larvae then
emerged from the latter, after I had examined the wasp’s nest;
spun their cocoons and developed to maturity.

ANTS.

Pheidole megacephala Fab.

This species of ant is the common medium sized red ant. It
is always abundant in cane, often having its nests beneath the leaf-
sheaths. It destroys more or less of the young bud worms, also
larvae of the other moths which are treated of here.

WASPS.
Odynerus Species.

There are over one hundred species of native wasps of this
genus. They all prey upon the larvae of Lepidoptera, storing
them in their nests for the young wasps to feed on. Several
species have been observed in cane fields hunting for bud worms
and other Tineid larvae. On Kauai, O. blackburni; on Oahu,

O. montanus and O. dubiosus; on Maui, O. sandwichensis, O.
insulicola, and O. konanus. They are small wasps, mostly black
in color, but some have red markings and others yellow.

The nests of these wasps are mostly in cavities of lava rocks;
hence, the reason they are so often seen around walls and heaps
of stones. Enough caterpillars are placed in a cavity (after hav-
ing been stung and paralyzed bythe wasp) to provide food for
one wasp larva; an egg is suspended from one side by a slender
filament; then the opening is sealed with mud. The young larva
soon eats the caterpillars, then spins a cocoon in which trans-
formation to the adult stage takes place.

GENERAL REMARKS.

The bud worm is not usually considered a serious enough pest
to demand any special attention; in fact, its work on the cane is
not generally known or understood. The patches eaten by them
from the rind have often been ascribed to cockroaches; and the
eating of “eyes,” to various other insects. Also their work on
the inner side of the leaf-sheath is similar to the way the adult
cane borer eats in the same place, and the work of one 1s likely to
be mistaken for that of the other. On the other hand, on account
of the presence of one or more of the various lepidopterous larvae,
treated of in this paper, in dead or diseased cane, they have often
been held responsible for the injury.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to point out the true
habits of these insects, so that when found in cane, it can be
readily ascertained whether harmful or not. By comparing any
larvae found, with the illustrations, the species may be deter-
mined, then by referring to the text the known habits may be as-
certained, and one will know whether to expect injury from them
or not. All of the smaller lepidoptera which are known at pres-
ent to feed on cane, dead or diseased, are included. As has been
pointed out, the majority of them are not injurious. For those
that do really eat out the “eyes” of cane to some extent, there ap-
pears to be no practical remedy, nor is the injury by them suff-

cient to warrant any extensive operations against them. Clean
and thorough stripping, however, makes conditions less favor-
able for them, for the accumulation of dead leaves and trash
usually present in a cane field, is just the sort of condition most
acceptable to them. No doubt it would be found in fields of
young ratoons intended to be cut purposely for “seed” that to
keep well stripped would result in less damage being done, i. e.,
fewer “eyes” being eaten out; for the eating of the “eyes” is done
before the leaf is removed from the cane, while the bud worm has
it to hide behind.

Careful inspection of “‘seed” from such places should be made
to avoid the planting of cuttings having one or more “‘eyes’’ de-

stroyed.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE. 1.

igure 1.—View of the inside of a sugar cane leaf-sheath, the
darkened streaks showing where bud worms have eaten away the
substance between fibers. Some cocoons and caterpillars also

shown.

Figure 2.—A portion of cane stick showing the buds destroyed ;
and the darkened areas the characteristic manner in which the
bud worm eats off the surface of the rind.

Figure 3.—Cocoon of bud worm covered with fibers from cane

leaf.

eure 4—Cocoon of bud worm covered with frass, empty

pupa case protruding.

BULLETIN 6

i Ml;
WE bie
ea

il
Heat

I NN Neh

AEROS eMns.

RS Se

PEARE

Figure
igure
Figure
Figure

Figure

Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure
Figure

Figure

1.—Ereunetis
2, ==
Sas
coe
or

6.—

7.—Ereunetis

8.—

1
10.—Ereunctis

‘

PLATE

flavistriata.

minuscula,
simulans.

“ee

13.—Sierola molokaiensis.

showing position at rest.

egg on surface of leaf-sheath.

caterpillar.

head and anterior segments of
caterpillar.

pupa.

anterior portion of caterpillar.

apex of pupa.

anterior portion of caterpillar.

pupa.

BOUERLETIN <6

PEATE tk

Figure
igure

Figure

Figure
Figure

Figure

Figure
Figure

Figure

AUR aTS elias

1.—Opogona aurisquamosa,

2.— pupa.
3.— anterior portion of cater-
pillar.

4.—Opogona apicalis.

5.— anterior portion of cater-
; pillar.

6.—Dancing Moth. .

—— cf pupa.

8.— anterior portion of cater-

pillar.

9.—Batrachedra riley.

lOra a pupa.

11.— A anterior portion of cater-

pillar.

BULLETIN 6

oo Ee

PEATE. Il

Figure
Figure

Figure

Iigure

Figure

Figure
Figure

igure

PLATE IV.

1.—Autosticha pelodes.

oan

4.—Cryptoblabes aliena.

Sea

8—Melittobia hawariensis,

Ore

LO:——

apical segments of pupa.
anterior portion of cater-

pillar.

showing antennal hook of
male.

pupa.

anterior portion of cater-
pillar.

female

male.

of male an-

ventral view

tenna.

BULLETIN 6

PLATE IV.

“REPORT OF work
ere THE.

SOF THE

HAWAIIAN sucar PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

rmy. Worms and Cut Worms
On Sugar Cane in the
~ Hawaiian Islands

- By O. H. SWEZEY

HONOLULU, HAWAII
NOVEMBER, 1909

BEC 13

1909

?
7 4
HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION 2
7
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 1909 4
SME DAMON “2055. Ree See oa ee President 4
IV SOE ALOWAN 508s 5c oso sphere Pee Vice-President :
AW, “Os SM PDEs Foo ites oP ute eae Secrétary-Treasurer |
Ba WV PREG So. Gea ane aS Sep ee Loree Assistant Secretary §
GEO, H.“ROBERTSON ©... ce. maples Boars eecEe Auditor
E, D, TENNEY H, P, BALDWIN
F. KLAMP kK. F. BISHOP
F. A. SCHARFER F. M. SWANZY

EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE

F. M. SWANZY, Chairman
GHO. H. ROBERTSON iE, E. PAXTON
F. KLAMP J. W. WALDRON
GEO, F. DAVIES 7. H, PETRIE
L. J. WARREN, Secretary

EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF

OSE WEICAIR Th. oF cates Sk OR oe pe as Director
RCs SPERKING’ i soe soe. ks a Sts ...,. Entomologist
INO BE ADRRRIRA seh cSe ie ol ee areas Sugar Technologist
Te Migs “TZN Aes eo SS Fa sooo sad ass Rees eae Pathologist
SPS eR IS EK ere PES OEIG: eure, oC od See eETS Chemist
1D 6 de G/B 7.3 2 Gh) Dh eartersrnren ene Serene ope: witeter at Sar ATR Agriculturist
GW ERA A TD 0 gists, Sie ae oO Shoe ees Acting Entomologist
BOCK O HSB ah Os war atp ie hee etieey tbeaaeael Consulting Entomologist |
RA Sa NOR RES 28s ar cere sien ieee eoreaae Assistant Chemist |
Fo ROW PRTOMUBLDER ees Aa Assistant Chemist |
Ae JORDAN ee Sos Seth a Dae Pine ete Assistant Chemist
AR Vo iL ed Siaree aj eae ok Foal oR TT ope OF Assistant Chemist
EV REG etcta rake Bloc eb asa ate. GAets gah Assistant Entomologist
OPTORT SWeZY foe aS Aes ae ero Assistant Entomologist
Hs MAGEE AES og oe ea, Mth a Ae ee Ro OSLO LM Eee NtOMMOIOLTSE
Tea): TZ FR SIBIN A 51a nc/ctatedste Bun ois OS tule pase Assistant Pathologist
Bey ie MeV OA TH eee oak ie Se aes 2 cast Assistant Agriculturist
De). BRODDRICK $2352. tee ee Field Foreman
(OHS ie Bal SE Bal) Bn ok nega Co RPT aL gah Gos oA Cashier
Wit goes be OPED BIR, tics hth ons sacee ete es Tow Illustrator
he WGA TUBING ee 3st? cn Oe Lakele aoat uieent eet uoce Clerk
ye VANE Vs Se Soh a Sica scans narertee Fertilizer Sampler
; fe

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY BULLETIN No.7

REPORT OF WORK
OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

Army Worms and Gut Worms
On Sugar Gane in the
Hawaiian Islands

By O. H. SWEZEY

HONOLULU, HAWAII
NOVEMBER, 1909

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To the Experiment Station Committee of the Hawaian Sugar
Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaun.

~ Gentlemen:—I herewith submit Bulletin VII of the Divi-
sion of Entomology. It has been prepared by Mr. Otto H.
Swezey, and is entitled “Army Worms and Cutworms on Sugar
Cane in the Hawaiian Islands.”

Yours obediently,
G. W. KIRKALDY,

Acting Director, Division of Entomology.

Honolulu, Hawaii, September 1, 1909.

CONTENTS

Tntroduction: 4. sa. decid acsersi at eer eee et ee
The army worm (Cirphis wnipuncta) .... 2-2-0. e ee eee
Carphas amblycasis’ © oss «= veges ae ee
Carphiis: pyrrhias <2) 5 «= > c.nleve eye saree gee nae aa
The grass army worm (Spodoptera mauritia)........-.
The lesser native eutworm (Feltia dislocata)..........
The larger native cutworm (Agrotis crinigera).........
The black eutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) ...........0.00.
The variegated cutworm (Lycophotia margaritosa)......

FR GTIC GIGS? 8. ako. ose oe eStore badecte ek wi ee

bo 5g: AeA Pea hy cule ote pectin Brena Ay A
Tachina: fies): a \s.-.sennc sons ae eh eA ee
Proving: archippvonding roe once Meck wee ee
Chaetogaedia MonticOla ad nc te yet Sees oe yh

Koebele’s Ichneumon (I[chnewmon koebelei n. sp). .

Page

INTRODUCTION.

There are 35 or more species of cut worms and army worms
known in the Hawaiian Islands. Of these, the majority are
native and live mostly in the mountains or high plains. Only
four of the native species (Cirphis amblycasis, Curphis pyrrhias,
Feltia dislocata and Agrotis crinigera) have so far become
pests in cane fields. The other native species have apparently
been kept in check by their parasites and other enemies, or re-
main at higher elevations than canefields. Some species are
quite rare, but others sometimes become abundant locally.

Besides the four native species mentioned above, the other
species treated of in this circular are cosmopolitan, occurring
in most of the warmer parts of the globe. They are pests,
wherever known. The army worm (Cuirphis unipwncta) is
undoubtedly the worst one of them, in the cane fields here. But
usually to be found amongst these are one or more of the species
above mentioned, though these latter usually are not nearly so
numerous as the former, and probably the most of the injury
to the cane is done by the army worm.

From reports of devastation done by these caterpillars in
previous years, apparently they are not nearly so serious a pest
at present, though I have seen, during the past three years,
fields of young cane very badly stripped by them, and hence
kept back for a while at the beginning, when it was desirable
tor it to be getting a good start. The critical time for the cane
is when it first comes up. If the army worms are numerous,
they will probably eat the leaves from the young shoots as fast
as they appear. Since the growing heart of the cane-shoot is
within, and lower down than where they attack it, the shoot is
not killed outright, as would be a tomato, cabbage or tobacco
plant if cut off at the surface of the ground; hence, their work
in cane fields is not so disastrous as in many other crops. The
young shoots of cane, although temporarily checked, eventually
reach a growth beyond the attack of the caterpillars, higher
than they will climb.

The various species of caterpillars may be readily identified
by comparing them with the figures on the plates, likewise the
moths, more satisfactorily than from descriptions.

G
THE ARMY WORM.
Cirphis unipuncta (Haworth).
(Plate ITT, Figs.3-6)

Leucania unipuncta, Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt.
Tipe 42, 1901.

Heliophila unipuncta, Dyar, List of North American Lepi-
doptera, p. 161, 1902.

Cirphis unipuncta, Wampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. British Mus.,
V; p. 547, 1905.

“The moth is variable in size, the average individual measuring
about 40 mm. (an inch and a half) in wing expanse. The front
wings are pointed at the tips, and are of a reddish grey or fawn
color, much specked with black atoms. Anterior of the center of
each wing are two rather large, indistinct spots, distinguished from
the rest of the wing by an absence of black specks, and by a clearer
reddish coloring. Immediately posterior to the outermost of these
spots is a white point indistinctly surrounded by blackish. A series
of black points parallel with the outer margin; one on each vein is
usually perceptible. An oblique black streak starts from this line
of dots, and ascends to the apex of the wing, and, with the form of
the wings, principally characterizes the species, Just inside the
fringe is a serious of black dots, one between each two veins. The
hind wings are translucent, grey, with the terminal border and the
nervures blackish (in the front wings the nervures are whitish).
The sexes differ from each other but little.

“The under side of the wings is of an opalescent yellowish white.
Along the outer margin, particularly of the hind wings, are many
black specks, so nearly confluent as to form a definitely limited
dusky terminal band. On the costal margin of each forewing, near
the tip, is a small, distinct, black dot, and at the center of each hind
wing is a Similar dot. The body is concolorous with the wings, and
the legs are light grey, slightly tinged with reddish, and speckled
with black dots.’ [Riley, Third Report of the U. S. Entomological
Commission, p. 103, 1883].

Neither in this description, nor in any other of the numerous
descriptions I have seen of this species, is mention made of the
tuft of long hairs which occurs on each side of the abdomen
ot male, at base. I sent specimens to Dr. Dyar, who verified
iny identification of the species, and replied that the structure
of the male tufts was the same as in North American specimens,
Apparently these tufts were overlooked by Hampson, for in his

arrangement of the species of Curphis, he places unipuncta
amongst those not having these tufts of hair in the male.
This insect occurs as a pest in many widely separated parts
of the globe. In the United States it is a bad pest on corn and
other cereals. It ranges from Canada south to all southern
parts of North America, West Indies, and then South America
to Argentina and Chile. It oceurs in Madeira, Azores, Britain
and South Europe; Southeastern Siberia, Japan, China, India,
Malay Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. It has sporadic
outbreaks, when it is extremely destructive to grass and farm
crops devastating whole fields and travelling in army-like mi-
grations to others adjacent. Fortunately t there are numerous
parasites, which keep it in check for most of the time; but for
unexplained reasons there are times when they increase beyond

-the control of parasites and predators, and are temporarily very

destructive, until again checked by the increase of the parasites.

In these islands, they usually oeeur in the lowlands and
grassy regions; and when abundant in sugar cane fields it is
those fields which adjoin fields of grass, or which have more or
less grassy gulehes in them, or in fields which have been recently
planted on land that had lain fallow and had grown up with
grass and weeds, or had been in pasture for a time. Although
the moths breed more or less the year round, they are more
prolific, or breed more favorably during the so-called winter
months, November to April. In many districts there is more
rain during these months and growths of grass occur favorable
tor the feeding of the caterpillars. At this time of the year,
in fields of young cane situated as above designated, they often
are present in sufficient numbers to severely check the growth
of the cane. They, in connection with other cut worms, some-
times strip the leaves of the cane, leaving nothing but midribs.
This may be only in certain parts of the field, or it may be
over a considerable area of it. As the caterpillars feed for
about three weeks or a month, while getting their growth, the.
cane will be checked for this length of time; but after the cater-
pillars of one brood have become full-grown and cease feeding,
there will be a period of a few weeks before the next brood, so
that the cane will have a chance of recovery, and the larger it
gets the better is it able to withstand further attacks.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS.

The egg of the army worm is spherical, smooth, white, and
opaque when first laid, becoming faintly iridescent and more
sordid before hatching. Its average diameter is 0.6 mm. The
eggs are usually placed at the base of the leaves or thrust im
behind the leaf sheath, but may often be deposited amongst
trash or debris as well. The eggs are glued on to the objects,
wherever they are deposited, and are commonly in rows of 15
to 20; but sometimes they are as few as 2 or 3, and again as
many as nearly a hundred may be in one batch. The moths
deposit their eges in the early part of the night, even before
dark sometimes. One female may deposit several hundred eges
(500-700) and may occupy two or more evenings so doing.

The eggs hatch in a week or ten days, depending on the tem-
perature. The young caterpillars first crawl by a looping mo-
tion on account of the fact that the first and the second pairs of
abdominal prolegs are rudimentary. After the first molt only
the first pair are rudimentary, and after the second molt all
prolegs are functional and the caterpillar crawls in the normal
manner. There are five molts at intervals of three to six days,
and the growing period is thus about three to four weeks, de-
pending on the temperature. The caterpillars usually feed on
the plants at night-time and hide during the day beneath leaves
or trash on the surface of the ground, or in the soil a little
below the surface, or sometimes even remain on the plant and
feed more or less or hide in a fold of leaf or behind a leaf
sheath or other convenient place. Those feeding on the leaves
in the daytime drop to the ground on the slightest disturbance
and coil up, remaining motionless for a time. The feeding of
the army worm is not like some of the eutworms in that it feeds
on the leaves instead of eating the stem of a plant and thus
cutting it off at or near.the surface of the ground. The evi-
dences of their feeding on sugar cane are easily detected; the
lower leaves of the young cane-shoots being notched and ragged
where they have eaten the blade of the leaf, and when numer-
ous, in fact the blades of the leaves entirely eaten away, leav-
ing nothing but the hard midribs.

The full-grown caterpillar (Plate III, fig. 4) is 35-40 mm.
long, or about one and one-half inches. General color greenish
brown with longitudinal blackish stripes on back and_ sides,
much paler below. The stripes are as follows: a wide, pale
blackish stripe on the back with an interrupted white line in
the middle; outside of this is a narrow pinkish brown stripe;
then next a still wider blackish stripe darker along its lower
edge, which contains the black oval spiracles, or breathing
pores ; below this is another pinkish brown stripe having whitish
lines on each edge. The head is pale brown, each lobe with a
network of darker brown and running up and down in front
are two blackish bands diverging below. First segment behind
head nearly all brown dorsally. A dark brown spot on outer
side of each proleg. Hairs small, situated in inconspicuous
tubercles.

The coloration varies somewhat and the stripes are some-
times less distinct. The younger stages are colored about the
same; often paler, and sometimes nearly black.

When full-grown, the caterpillar burrows into the soil and
at a depth of two to four inches constructs an oval earthen cell,
within which after a few days it transforms to the pupa (Plate
III, fig. 5). The pupa is of a shiny dark brown color, about
18 mm. long and 4.5 mm. thick, rounded at anterior end and
tapering posteriorly to a blunt point which is armed with two
nearly straight parallel spines, hooked at the tip, and placed
near together. There are four other slender hooked bristles, one
lateral and another a little dorsal of each of the larger spines
(Plate III, fig. 6). The wing-cases terminate roundedly at the
apex of the fourth abdominal segment. On the bases of abdom-
inal segments 5, 6 and 7 is a dorsal black line containing a row
of 12-20 pits. These segments are movable.

The moth emerges from the pupa in about ten days to two
weeks. It makes its way above the surface, and, clinging to
some object, its soft wings soon become expanded and dried,
and the moth is fully matured, after a period of from six to
eight weeks, or sometimes more, according to temperature.

10
Cirphis amblycasis (Meyrick).

Leucania amblycasis, Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt.
ITE: p. 141, 1901.

Cirphis amblycasis, Wampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. British Mus.,
V, p. 495, Pl. XCI, fig. 30, 1905.

“Male and female; 38-41 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochre-
ous, somewhat brownish-tinged, thorax posteriorly with a few black-
ish specks. Abdomen in male with very long dense expansible pale
ochreous lateral tuft attached to a broad spoon-shaped chitinous pro-
cess rising from basal cavities, and dense yellowish expansible tufts
in middle of base beneath. Forewings pale brownish-ochreous,
indistinctly strigulated with fuscous or grey; dark fuscous dots near
- base in middle and on costa, indicating subbasal line; first and sec-
ond lines indicated by series of dark fuscous dots, second partially
double, moderately curved; lower edge of reniform forming a white
dot, edged with dark fuscous and followed by a small dark fuscous
suffusion; in female orbicular and reniform obscurely defined, pale
yellowish-ochreous; a’ wedge-shaped faint darker suffusion on ter-
inen beneath apex, not reaching second line. Hindwings light grey-
ish-ochreous, irregularly suffused with fuscous, becoming darker
fuscous posteriorly.”’ [Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis J. Pt. III, p.
14 £9OUI.

I have usually found the caterpillars of this moth feeding on
various grasses of the lower lands; but I have also found a few
of them along with C. unipuncta and other caterpillars in the
higher cane fields of the sugar plantations of the Hamakua
and Hilo districts of Hawai. I have never found them num-
erous enough of themselves to be injurious.

It is a native species and the moth closely resembles uni-
puncta. It differs however in being a little larger and the
body more plump; has a faint reddish tinge, and the forewings
lack the fuscons line which uwnipuncta has, extending obliquely
inward at apex. The caterpillar, also, is a little larger than
that of wnipuncta.

The full-grown caterpillar is about 38 mm. It is usually
eream colored with pale brownish mottlings; a more or less
distinct fuscous mid-dorsal stripe, pale-centered; a wide dark
fuscous sub-dorsal stripe, concave on upper edge in each seg-
ment, connected by transverse bar on segment 12; a wide supra-
spiracular stripe of fuscous mottlings, below this a pale yellow-

dab

ish line; prolegs with dark fuscous spot on outer side; head
very pale brownish with minute fuscous reticulation, vertical
fuscous spot in middle of paraclypeus, a wide fuscous border
to inner edge of each cranial lobe; eyes black, a fuscous line
extends upwards, and another obliquely backward from them ;
cervical shield much spotted with dark fuscous, traversed by a
median white line and a sub-dorsal white line on each side;
spiracles oval, black; tubercles minute, black; a roundish black
spot on segments 3 and 4 a little above line of spiracles.

The caterpillars become full-grown in about a month from
the hatching of the eggs. Like unipuncta, they may often be
found on their foodplant in the daytime; in cane, hiding be-
hind the leaf-sheaths. z

Pupation takes place in an earthen cell a little below the
surtace of the ground, or beneath stones or rubbish. The pupa
is about 19 mm. long by 5 mm. thick; medium brown, darker
on the back, eyes nearly black; a row of about a dozen pits on
dorsal side at base of abdominal segments 5, 6 and 7; apex of
abdomen pointing a little ventrally, with two slightly diverg-
ing, pale spines, dark at base, curved ventrally and hooked at
tip, a curved hooked bristle a little dorsally, and another a little
laterally from each of these terminal spines. The moth emerges
from the pupa in about two weeks.

Cirphis pyrrhias (Meyrick).

Leucania pyrrhias, Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. TT,
p-. 141, 1901.

Cirphis pyrrhias, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. British Mus.,
Werp. 494, Pl. XCI fig. 28, 1905.

“Male and female, 39-46 mm. Head and thorax brown-reddish
irrorated with whitish-ochreous. Abdomen densely hairy towards
base, in male with dense expansible brownish-ochreous tufts at base
beneath, and also in lateral basal cavities. Forewings pale brown-
ish-ochreous, densely suffusedly strigulated throughout with brown-
reddish; veins posteriorly ochreous-whitish, sprinkled with dark
fuscous; costal edge sometimes white; first and second lines formed
by series of indistinct dark fuscous dots, second rather strongly
curved; lower end of.reniform forming a small white dot, followed
by a dark fuscous suffusion. Hindwings light rosy-ochreous.’’
[Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I. Pt. III, p. 141, 1901].

This is a native moth usually living in the native forest
regions above cultivated lands. The caterpillars normally feed
on grasses, commonly Hilo grass; and on sedges, particularly
Baumea meyenit, a large equitant-leaved species growing on the
mountain ridges at elevations of 1000 feet and more. The
caterpillar may often be found on the leaves of this plant, or
hiding in the dead leaves and trash at its base. I have ob-
served a few of them in the higher parts of the sugar cane
plantations of the Hamakua and Hilo districts of Hawan,
where they were feeding on the young cane along with army
worms and other cutworms. They have the habit of hiding
behind the leaf-sheaths of the cane, in the daytime, as the cater-
pillars of wnipuncta often do. ,

The moth is easily distinguished from the two preceding
species as it is of a distinct reddish color, especially the fore-
wings. The caterpillars are larger and plumper than those of
unipuncta, and a little larger than those of amblycasis.

I once found about a dozen eggs of this moth in a row on a
leaf of Hilo grass (Paspalum conjugatum). They were
white, spherical, with a faint miscroscopical reticulation, about
1 mm. in diameter, distinctly larger than eggs of Feltia dis-
locata. The larvae from these eggs became full-grown in about
a month. They molted five (possibly six) times at intervals of
three to five days. The pupal stage occupied about three
weeks.

The full-grown caterpillar is 42-45 mm.; olivaceous, with
faint rosy tinge in places; head reticulated with brown ; cervical
shield traversed longitudinally by three whitish lines bordered
en both sides by blackish; the whitish lines are faintly contin-
uous on the body, the mid-dorsal one somewhat interruptedly
bordered with brownish fuscous, each lateral one forms the
iower boundary of an interrupted dark, brownish-fuscous sub-
dorsal stripe; just above line of spiracles a much interrupted
wide brownish-fuscous stripe, more distinct posteriorly and
extending onto posterior proleg; other prolegs with a large
blackish spot on outer side; tubercles; forming two rows of
black dorsal dots; other tubercles not conspicuous; hairs short,
pale; spiracles oval, black; a black dot in line with them on
segments 3 and 4. Younger caterpillars are often paler; and
in some of them the dark stripes are more conspicuous.

The pupa is formed a little beneath the surface of the soil,
or under trash. It is about 22 mm. long by 6.5 mm. thick;
medium reddish brown, a little darker on the back; near basal
dorsal margin of abdominal segments 5, 6 and 7 is a transverse
row of about twenty pits situated in a black line; apex of abdo-
men very blunt, cremaster slightly projecting near dorsal side,
with two slender, slightly diverging, pale spines, black at base,
curved ventrally and hooked at tip; a curved, hooked bristle a
little dorsally, and another a little laterally from each of these
spines; wing-cases, ete. extend to apex of fourth abdominal seg-
ment.

THE GRASS ARMY WORM.
Spodoptera mauritia Boisd.

Plate Il,. figs. 7-11.

“Dark grey-brown with a rusty tinge; abdomen fuscous. Fore-
wing with the sub-basal, antemedial, and postmedial double waved
lines indistinct; the orbicular small and ochreous; the reniform
blackish; the submarginal line whitish and irregularly waved; a
whitish patch is often present between the orbicular and reniform
and a dark patch on the central marginal] area. Hind wing opales-
cent and semihyaline white, with a dark marginal line.” [Hamp-
son, Fauna of British India, Moths, II, p. 248, 1894].

This moth occurs in Mauritius, West Africa, and throughout
the Oriental and Australian regions. Its caterpillars were for-
merly a very serious pest in the grass lands and sugar cane
fields of the Hawaiian Islands; but their numbers were greatly
reduced by the introduction of the Mynah bird. Now they are no
longer a serious pest, though they are often numerous in grass,
where the Mynah birds may be seen searching for them; but
before the Mynah bird was introduced, it is reported that often
whole fields of young sugar cane were eaten by them; and that
the grass slopes in the valleys and mountains would be entirely
consumed bv them at times; in fact, they were in millions and
behaved much like army worms. Besides feeding upon grasses
and sugar cane, they also eat corn, peas, beans, and probably
other kinds of garden plants.

During January and February, 1906, they caused consider-
able trouble at the Experiment Station by attacking the tiny
eane seedlings which were being propagated. It required daily
examination, and careful search, for the tiny larvae were green
like the leaves; and although small, yet were big enough for
one of them to soon destroy one of the little cane seedlings
(which were 1-2 inches high) if not detected soon after it
had started feeding. Fortunately they did not work after the
manner of cutworms and cut a plant off immediately. Instead,
they began eating at the tips of leaves, and they could be first
detected by the dried remains of tips of leaves where they had
fed, then closer looking would reveal the tiny green eaterpillar,
which on being disturbed dropped to the ground and could be
readily killed. Usually but one caterpillar was found on one
seedling; but sometimes more, even as many as four, in which
‘ase they soon destroy the plants.

LIFE HISTORY.

The eggs (Plate IT, figs. 10, 11) are spherical, slightly flat-
tened at base where in contact with the object upon which they
are deposited. They are dirty whitish or gray in color, and
densely striated vertically. They are usually in large masses
of one layer and in regular rows, and covered with gray hairs
from the abdomen of the moth. There may be from 100 to
300 in one cluster. One moth may lay several hundred eggs;
one specimen which I had in a breeding cage laid 700. The
ego masses are not placed necessarily on the food plant; but
usually high up, often on the leaves of banana and small palms,
or other small trees or shrubs at three to five feet elevation.
It is also common to find them on the sides of buildings and
other structures. In one instance T found a batch of eggs ten
feet up on the side of a building. The eggs hatch in three to
four days from the time they are laid, and the tiny larvae drop
to the ground by means of a silken thread, where they will find
grass or other suitable food plant. They feed at first at the
tips of leaves, eating the green substance of the leaf and leaving
the epidermis, which dries up, giving a dead appearance. When
a few days old, they eat the entire substance of the leaf from
its margins, producing notches and a very ragged appearance.

After molting five times at intervals of two to six days, the
caterpillars become full-grown in two to three weeks (Plate I,
figs. 8,9). They are then about 1.3 inch long (35 mm.). They
vary a great deal in coloration. Some are nearly uniform grass
green with median dorsal and sub-dorsal white lines; others are
nearly black, with a sub-dorsal stripe and a stripe on line with
spiracles darker than the rest, and a yellowish (sometimes pink-
ish) stripe below spiracles, underside pale. There are all gra-
dations between these two. A common form is green with the
sub-dorsal and spiracular stripes black; another form has the
stripes broken up into a series of black spots, one spot to each
segment. The spiracles are always black, and in the black
form there is a white dot a little above and behind the spiracle
on segments 5 to 12. Hairs minute. Tubercles inconspicuous.

The pupa is formed in an earthen cell a little below the sur-
face of the soil. It is medium dark brown, a little more than
half in inch in length (12 to 15 mm.). At its apex are two
straight slender-pointed spines set rather wide apart and nearly

parallel.

The moth emerges from the pupa in eight to fourteen days,
and is ready for egg-laying in two to four days. Thus the whole
life eyele occupies only five to six weeks. With wings spread,
the moth is 1.25 to 1.50 inches (30 to 35 mm.). The fore
wings of the female are a dark gray with darker waved lines
crossing at one-third and two-thirds from the base, a row of
triangular black dots on terminal margin, and two or three
marks a little before terminal margin. A little before middle
of wings is an oval yellow spot. The hind wings are whitish
with brown on margins and veins. The forewings of the male
are much paler than those of the female and have varying

shades of very pale brown; the lines and markings are more dis-
tinct,

THE LESSER NATIVE CUTWORM.
Feltia dislocata (Walker).
(Plate IT, Figs. 3-6.)

Agrotis dislocata, Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. IT,
p- 146, 1901.

Feltia dislocata, Wampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. British Mus.,
IV, p. 301, Pl UXVIIl, tie: 12; 1903;

“Male and female; 34-47 mm. Head and a marginal band along
front of thorax light ochreous-brown, rest of thorax whitish-fuscous.
Antennae in male bidentate with triangular processes. Forewings
light fuscous, more or less irrorated with white, and sometimes
darker-sprinkled; veins marked with dark fuscous lines, except
lower margin of cell, which is white; interior of cell paler and more
ochreous, usually marked with a black dot towards base; orbicular
and reniform combined into an elognate posteriorly abruptly dilated
mark, fuscous, outlined with black; a darker fuscous black-outlined
streak beneath cell from base to middle, somewhat dilated posterior-
ly; a pale ochreous longitudinal suffusion beneath this from base to
near tornus; sometimes short undefined blackish dashes or dark-
outlined marks between bases of veins 2-6. Hindwings fuscous.’’
[Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. III, p. 146, 1901].

This is a native cutworm and often becomes a bad pest in
sugar cane, as well as in gardens and also on other crops. From
my observations, it is more injurious to garden crops than to
cane; but they are often reported numerous locally in cane
fields. I have often taken them in eane fields in company with
the army worm (Cirphis unipuncta). They are slightly lar-
ger than the latter, and have more strictly the eutworm habit
of feeding; that is, of hiding during the day in the soil or
under trash and rubbish on the surface of the soil, and feeding
at night on the lower leaves of the plant.

LIFE HISTORY.

The eggs (Plate IT, figs. 5, 6) are laid at the base of plants,
or even scattered on the soil, sometimes singly, sometimes two
or three adhering together, and sometimes as many as a dozen
in a bunch together or even a hundred or more in an irregular

re?

one-layed mass. They are of a vellowish white color, nearly
spherical, 0.8 mm. in diameter, minutely reticulated at upper
pole and radiately ridged from it down the sides.

They hatch in a week or ten days. The caterpillars molt five
times at intervals of four to six days, attaining their full-growth
(36-40 mm.) in three to five weeks (sometimes much longer
than this in hot, dry seasons).

The full-grown caterpillar (Pl. II, fig. 4) is of a dirty
brownish color, with a broad lighter brown stripe on the back ;
under side dirty whitish. Tubercles black, a row of them on
each side of the dorsal lighter stripe, are larger and more con-
spicuous than the rest. Tlairs short, black. Spiracles oval,
black. Head rather small proportionately, brown with black-
ish spot above each eye cluster, and two black bars in front con-
verging above. The dorsal part of first segment behind head
very dark brown. The full-grown caterpillar forms an earthen
cell in the ground a few inches below the surface. After four
to six days it transforms to the pupa which is similar in form
to the pupa of Cirphis unipuncta, about 17 mm. long, and of
a pale yellowish brown color. The moth appears in 15 to 20
days, which makes a period of about two months from the time
egos were laid.

The moth (Pl. II, fig. 3) with wings expanded is about 13
inches, or 40 mm. It is of a whitish grey color. The fore
wings have a longitudinal white streak for more than half their
length, behind which is a shorter blackish streak, which in turn
has a yellowish streak behind it. The veins are marked with
dark lines, and there is a row of dark dots on termen. Hind
wings a little darker, with pale fringe. The wings when at rest
are held straight backward over the back, often tipped so as to
lie close along the sides of abdomen.

THE LARGER NATIVE CUTWORM.
Agrotis crinigera (Butler).
Pilate Wi, figs. 125-13.

“Male and female, 49-54 mm. Head and front of thorax brown-
ish, rest of thorax light fuscous. Antennae in male filiform. Fore-

wings long, rather narrow; light fuscous, darker-sprinkled, some-
times partially faintly rosy-tinged; subbasal and first lines obscurely
pale, dark-edged, first irregularly waved-dentate, very acutely on.
vein 1b; median thick, cloudy, dark fuscous, slightly curved; sec-
ond with dark inner edge acutely waved-dentate, outer faint or
obsolete, regular; orbicular oval, dark-centred, dark-outlined; reni-
form dark-suffused, including three obscure paler transverse marks,
resting on posterior edge of median line; claviform faintly indicat-
ed, narrow, elognate; subterminal line sometimes faintly paler, faint-
ly darker-edged anteriorly. Hindwings light fuscous. [Meyrick,
Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. III, p. 148, 1901].

This is another native cutworm, and is often a bad pest. It
sometimes occurs in sugar cane; but more often attacks other
vegetation rather than grasses and cane. It is fond of garden
peas and beans and other garden plants, and I have found them
abundant in fields of cow peas. I have also found them feed-
ing abundantly on a native shrub (Sida), also on several kinds
of weeds as Portulaca and Datura (‘‘Kikania’”’). The eater-
pillars usually hide in the soil or below debris in the daytime ;
but I have frequently observed them feeding on the plants in
the daytime, and have also found them hiding among the
leaves.

LIFE HISTORY.

The egg-laying habits are unknown. . From very small eater-
pillars which I have found and reared, I estimate that it takes
the caterpillars about one month to six weeks from hatching till
they are full-grown. They are then 45 to 50 mm. in length
and are more plump than other cutworms; in fact, this is the
largest of our common cutworms.

The full-grown caterpillar (Plate II, fig. 13) is quite sim-
ilar to that of Feltia dislocata, but quite a bit larger; more
blackish above, and paler below; the tubercles are not so con-
spicuous, the row below spiracles pale instead of black. The
head lacks the black spot above eye cluster.

The pupa is formed in an earthen cocoon 30 mm. by 15 mm.
It is 21 to 25 mm, long; light brown in color, darker on the
back. The pupal period is 21 to 25 days, thus the life-cycle
from egg to adult moth is probably a little more than two
months, occupying a little longer period than the other common
species on account of its larger size.

The moth (Plate II, fig. 12) measures two inches with its
wings spread. It is of a brownish grey color, the male paler
than the female. The male also has large tufts of yellowish
hairs at the apex of the abdomen. The fore wings have some
darker markings, viz., a roundish area a little anterior of the
middle of the wing, an oval ring a little nearer to the base, a
zigzag line across the wing about one-third the distance from
the base, another zigzag line about three-fourths from the base,
a row of triangular dots at termen. Hind wings nearly uniform
very pale brown, a little darker on the veins.

THE BLACK CUTWORM.
Agrotis ypsilon (Rottenburg).

Plates EE, figs. 1, 2.

“Head and thorax red-brown, the latter suffused with fuscous;
frons with blackish bar above; back of head with two black spots;
tegulae with brown and black medial band; pectus whitish; tibiae
and tarsi ochreous white and black; abdomen grey-brown. Fore-
wing ochreous irrorated with brown; the costal area suffused with
fuscous brown, and often the whole wing to the postmedial line;
‘a double, waved, subbasal line from costa to the submedian fold; a
double, waved antemedial line dentate inwards on median nervure
and vein 1 and outwards above inner margin; claviform moderate
or small, defined by black; orbicular and reniform defined by black
and with fuscous centres, the fomer small, elliptical, or with its
outer edge produced to a point, the latter with wedge-shaped black
spot from its outer edge; an indistinct dentate medial line; a double
minutely dentate postmedial line produced to points on the veins,
bent outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; a
subterminal series of pale and black dentate marks, those above
veins 4, 5 with the black on their inner side stronger and some
fuscous suffusion on their outer; the veins towards termen with
dark streaks; a terminal series of points. Hind wing semihyaline
white, the veins, costal and inner areas, and termen tinged with
brown, strongly in female and in the New Zealand form.” [Hamp-
son, Catalogue of the Lepidoptera, British Museum, IV, p. 368,
1903].

This is a well-known garden cutworm throughout the United
States. It ranges in America from Hudson Bay south to Uru-
guay; is common in Europe; also oceurs in northern and
southern Africa, India, China, Japan, Java, Australia and
New Zealand. It is a typical cutworm in its feeding habits,

i. e., feeding on plants at night-time, often cutting off small
plants at or below the surface of the soil, and hiding under
leaves, trash, or burrowing in the soil during the daytime. It
is a very general feeder, attacking nearly all kinds of garden
and field crops, and even weeds. I have never found it very
abundant in cane fields, nor have | known of it being reported
so, though it does frequently occur along with the other species
and is partially responsible for the damage done. I have found
them in fields of young cane, when no evidence could be found
of their having eaten the cane. They were beneath plants of
pigweed (Purslane) upon which they must have fed. In the
United States they are particularly troublesome to corn, cot-
ton, cabbage, tomato, and tobacco, attacking the young plants,
one cutworm often destroying several plants in one night. In
India they are destructive to young tea and coffee plants and
opium.

LIFE HISTORY.

The eggs are domeshaped, about 0.5 mm. in diameter, and
creamy white in color. There is a small cireular depression at
the upper pole from which radiate numerous ridges running
down the sides to the base or surface in contact with a leaf.
The eggs are laid on the surface of leaves or stems of plants
near to the ground. From one to many eggs may be placed
close together in one batch, and one moth may produce several
batches amounting to two or four hundred eggs.

The larvae hatch from the eggs in a few days (usually two
to four). They molt five times at intervals of two to six days
and become full-grown in about one month. The full-grown
caterpillar (Plate IT, fig. 2) is about 1.75 inches long (45 mm.).
It is of a nearly uniform dark greasy gray color, paler below.
The spiracles are black. The tubercles are conspicuous, show-
ing as regular rows of brownish dots. Head and dorsal part of
segment behind head dark brown.

The pupa is formed in an earthen cell a little below the sur-
face of the soil. It is about .75 inch long (20 to 23 mm.), uni-
form medium brown in color, with a dark dorsal band at apex
of abdominal segments 4, 5, 6 and 7, containing irregularly
arranged small pits. At the tip of abdomen are two large

tapering spines, black at base and pale at tip, a little distance
apart at base, slightly diverging but curved together at their
tips.

The moth (Plate II, fig. 1) emerges from the pupa in ten
days to three weeks. It is about two inches in expanse of wing.

THE VARIEGATED CUTWORM.
Lycophotia margaritosa (Haworth).
Plate III, figs. 1-2.

Agrotis saucia, Meyrick, Fauna Hawaiiensis, I, Pt. III, p.
143, 1901.

Peridroma margaritosa, Dyar, List of North Amercan Lepi-
doptera, p. 154, 1902.

Lycophotia margaritosa, Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. British
Mus., IV, p. 536, fig. 92, 1903.

“Head and thorax brown mixed with ochreous; palpi fuscous ex-
cept towards extremity; thoracic crest often whitish; abdomen grey-
brown. Fore wing brownish ochreous irrorated with brown; a
double waved subbasal line from costa to vein 1; a double waved
antemedial line; claviform moderate, with brown outline and line
in centre; orbicular and reniform large with brown outlines, the
former elliptical, the latter with fuscous in its lower portion; the
postmedial line dentate and produced to points on the veins, bent
outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then incurved; the sub-
terminal line ochreous, angled outwards at vein 7 and dentate at
veins 4 and 3, with fuscous spots on its inner side at costa and on
its outer from below apex to middle; a terminal series of small
dark lunules. Hind wing semihyaline white, the veins and mar-
ginal areas brown; the underside with discoidal point and the costal
area irrorated with brown.’ [Hampson, Catalogue of the Lepi-
doptera, British Museum, IV, p. 536, 1903].

This is another cosmopolitan cutworm, being widely distrib-
uted over Europe, Asia, North Africa, North and South Amer-
ica, from Canada to Argentina.

It is a general feeder, eating the usual garden and field crops
and not particularly grasses. It is also a green-house pest in the
States, feeding largely on violets and other ornamental plants.
In the Hawaiian Islands, besides feeding on garden crops it
also feeds upon sugar cane to some extent, being frequently

found in eane fields along with the army worm. Brother
Matthias Newell of Hilo has reared them on orange leaves,
from an ege mass found on an orange leaf. They also feed
upon some common weeds. I have found them quite numerous
on “pualele” (Sonchus), and occasionally on “kikania” (Da-
lura), Nanthiwm and purslane. They often remain feeding
on the plants in daytime. ;

LIFE HISTORY.

The eggs are deposited in regular masses, often in regular
rows on the surface of leaves or twigs, usually a large number
in a mass, often several hundred. The egg is about .6 mm.,
hemispherical, flattened on the surface in contact with the leat
cr twig. It is radiately ribbed from the upper pole, and has
minute cross ribs between these. The young larvae are green
with black heads. They molt five times before attaining their
full growth, which takes about a month or a little more.

The full-grown caterpillar (Plate III, fig. 2) is about 1.75
inches (40-45 mm.). It varies much in color. Head pale
brown, reticulate with dark brown, a slight line upward from
eyes, two curved vertical broad dark bands in front. Body
brown, more or less generally mottled with darker and lighter
brown and some yellowish; dorsal line pale yellowish often
broken into a series of yellowish patches on segments 4-7,
(sometiies on segments 3-9); segment 12 mostly yellow dor-
sally on posterior part; a yellowish line below the spiracles,
which are black. Tubercles and hairs very minute. In darker
forms the browns are nearly black. There is a more or less
irregularly interrupted blackish streak just above the line of
spiracles. - A sub-dorsal line consisting of blackish spots on
rach segment. On several of the segments there is a dorsal
lozenge-shaped spot slightly darker than the general color, but
not so dark as the blackish stripes. A blackish spot on outer
side of each proleg.

The pupa is formed in the ground a few inches below the
surface, or beneath trash. It is 19 mm. in length, and of a
uniform medium brown color, its apex armed with two spines
very close together, the basal half of each spine black, the tips
white. The moth appears in two or three weeks.

This moth (PI. III, fig. 1) measures 1.75 to 2 inches (45-
50 mm.), with wings spread. It is of a pale grayish-brown,
tinged faintly with reddish. The fore wings are shaded about
the middle and toward the outer margin with darker brown, and
a row of dark triangular dots on the outer margin. There are
two roundish-oval lighter spots a little forward of the middle of
the wing. The hind wings are paler at base, and darker about
the margins and on the veins.

REMEDIES.

The ravages of army worms and cutworms may be checked by
poisoning them. One method is to spray the poison onto the
plants in liquid form. For this, Paris green may be used, or
Disparene; the former at the rate of one-half pound per 50
gallons of water; the latter at the rate of two pounds per 50
gallons of water. The most general practice in these Islands
is using poisoned bait. For this, Paris green is mixed with
bran or middlings. To make this, add two or three ounces of
sugar or molasses per gallon of water, then stir in bran at the
rate of about one pound per gallon of water. Thoroughly mix
poison with this at the rate of one pound per 50 pounds of the
moistened bran. The mixture is to be seattered throughout the
infested regions. The mixture may be made dry, using one
pound of Paris green to 20 pounds of bran and middlings
mixed in equal parts. Another method of applying poisoned
bait is to spray with poison some green crop as grass, clover,
or alfalfa; then cut this and scatter in the infested regions,
preferably late in the afternoon, so that it will not become too
much wilted before the cutworms feed upon it in the evening.
The advantage of using poisoned bait in a cane field is that the
cutworms hiding in the ground during the day are most likely
to eat the poisoned bait when coming forth at night to feed,
rather than climbing the young cane shoots to feed on their
leaves.

NATURAL ENEMIES.

BIRDS.

‘One of the best checks to the increase and ravages of the
army worms is the mynah bird. This bird was introduced

from India about twenty or more years ago, for the very pur-
pose of feeding upon army worms and cutworms. Although it
has some other undesirable habits, yet it is very valuable for
this purpose. It has increased probably to its maximum limit,
and is perhaps at present somewhat reduced in numbers on
account of the lack of Lantana berries which at one time
formed a large part of its diet. :

It is to be found practically everywhere throughout the Isl-
ands, at least the habitable and cultivable portions. With its
increase has come the decrease in devastation by army worms
and cutworms; whereas previously it is reported that whole
fields of voung cane were stripped off by the great numbers of
caterpillars, and that grass lands of great areas were likewise
totally eaten off, particularly by the grass army worm (Spodop-
tera mauritia), im recent years the damage has been slight
compared with formerly.

The golden plover (Charadrius fulvus) also lives largely on
these caterpillars. They come from Alaska to these Islands
for the winter season, coming in August and remaining: till
the following April. Before leaving they become very fat from
their cutworm diet. In regard to their habits, I quote from
Dr. Perkins in Fauna Hawaiiensis:

“In many parts of the Islands large numbers of plover habitually
resort to the margin of the sea and the extensive mud-flats for feed-
ing purposes, but the greater part scatter over the lower-lying grass
lands and the open mountain country, where they may be found even
as high as five or six thousand feet above the sea. In such locali-
ties they find abundant food in the caterpillars of various Noctuid
moths, and indeed in the moths themselves. Of all the Island birds
the plover is beyond question the most valuable to the grazier and
the agriculturist, and it is singularly unfortunate that it is a most
excellent bird for the table, and at the same time the one most gen-
erally sought after by sportsmen.

“T have been at some pains to learn exactly the species of Noctui-
dae which form the favorite food for the plover, whether as moth
or caterpillars, and I have several times shot the bird at the instant
that it has seized a moth in its hiding-place at the roots of grass. I
am therefore able to state positively that it catches the moth both of
Agrotis crinigera and dislocata, the caterpillars of which are the two
most extremely injurious and wide-spread of all the Island ‘cut-
worms.’ It also obtains the caterpillars of both these and other
species and feeds, as is well known, to an enormous extent on the
grassy army worm (Spodoptera mauritia), a caterpillar which not

only locally entirely clears off the freshly grown grass, but_also does
some damage to the young leaves of Sugar cane.

“For these reasons the plover is worthy of all encouragement by
the agriculturist and should never be shot on or around his land,
or, if this is done, he should not complain when his crops are rav-
aged by cut-worms, as is often the case.”’

The English sparrow is abundant on Oahu, though not on
all the other Islands, and has been observed to prey upon army
worms to some extent.

TACHINA FLIES.

These parasites are very valuable in helping keep cutworms
and army worms in check. They prey upon numerous other
kinds of caterpillars also; I have reared one species from four-
teen species of caterpillars, and another from eleven species.

There are eight native species of cutworms of the genus
Leucania, and 24 species of the genus Agrotis.* The most of
these are rare, and are probably kept so by these parasites.
They are found common on all of the Islands, and where cut-
worms or army worms are numerous they will be found numer-
ous also. I have collected caterpillars in quantity in cane fields
in different parts of the Islands and examined ior maggots of
these parasites, and often found as many as 25% to 35% of
them parasitized. In one lot sent to the Experiment Station
from Hamakuapoko, Maui, 70% were parasitized.

Frontina archippivora (Williston).
The habits of this species are given on pages 47 to 49 of

Bulletin V, Experiment Station, H. S. P. A., Division of En-
tomology. It is figured on Plate VI, fig. 4.

Caetogaedia monticola (Bigot).
Plate ITT, figs. 8-13.
Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (6) VIII, p. 91, 1888.
This large Tachina fly was described from the Rocky Moun-

tains; has also been reported from California. , It occurs

* As given by Meyrick in Fauna Hawaiiensis.

throughdut the Hawaiian Islands, on the lowlands and well
up into the mountains. They are found common wherever
army worms or eutworms are numerous. In examination of
numerous army worms collected at different times from several
different districts, not so many were parasitized by this Tachina
as by Frontina archippivora, yet a good many were; and of the
‘aver native eutworms which I have obtained specimens of
from time to time, more were parasitized by Chaetegaedia
than by Frontina; in fact, it is difficult to get specimens of
some of the native cutworms which are not parasitized. Other
species of caterpillars are also parasitized by this Tachinid. T
have reared it from 11 different species of caterpillars.

This fly is much larger than a house fiy, and of much the
appearance of the large grey flesh fly, from which, however, it
may be readily distinguished by its habits and flight. It is
more solitary, and does not frequent decomposing substances.

The following observations on the habits of this fly were
published by the writer in the Proceedings of the Hawaiian
Entomological Society, II, No. 1, pp. 7-9, Oct. 1908. [Paper
read at March meeting, 1908].

“It is but recently that I discovered the method of egg-laying
of this fly. It is usually stated in entomological literature that
Tachina flies lay their eggs on the bodies of their hosts; in fact
with certain species the act has been observed. but for far the
greater number of them the act of egg-laying has not been observ-
ed, or at any rate not recorded. That Chaetogaedia had a different
method of laying eggs. was surmised, when in June, 1907. this
parasite was reared from more than half of a lot of pupae of
Agrotis cinctipennis, one of the less common-native cutworms. The
eggs of this lot of cutworms were hatched in breeding cage and
grew to maturity without the possibility of access of a Tachina
fly; hence, considerable of a mystery arose when more Tachinids
than moths bred out from the lot.

“This mystery was not cleared up till in February, 1908, when
in watching a female Chaetogaedia, as I supposed, hunting for cater-
pillars amongst grass and weeds, I observed that she was laying
eggs on the grass leaves. She would quickly crawl around among
the leaves, only stopping momentarily to place an egg here and
there on the surface of a leaf, never more than one per leaf. They
were placed on the leaves of weeds as well as on the grass. After
making this observation, it was easy to explain how the caterpillars
previously alluded to, became parasitized; for they were daily
supplied with food (mostly Sonchus) gathered from outside where
Tachinas were common, and had undoubtedly deposited many eggs
on the leaves. The caterpillars ate the leaves with the eggs there-

on, which hatched inside and grew to maturity, not, however, kill-
ing the caterpillars till after the latter had transformed to pupae.

“T have since learned that another Tachina fly has similar habits
of laying its eggs, the ‘Uji,’ which is very destructive to silk
worm caterpillars in Japan. This is the only instance I have found
in entomological literature of a Tachinid laying its eggs otherwise
than directly on the host (caterpillar, grass hopper, or whatever
it S=)

“The egg-laying habits and the life history of the “Ugi’ (Ugimya
sericariae Rondani) were published in detail by Sasaki, in Journ.
Sei. Coll. Imp. Univ. Japan, 1886. The eggs are laid on mulberry
leaves, eaten by the silk worms; hatch in the digestive canal in a
few hours; the larvae bore thru its walls, feed on the ganglia for
a time; later enter the tracheal system and become located in a
sert of cup or sac, with the spiracles at the posterior end near a
spiracle of the caterpillar and the anterior end with the body cavity
where it is convenient to feed on the fat of the silkworm; when
fully developed the maggot forces its way out thru the skin of the
silkworm (or pupa, if it has pupated); enters the ground to form
its puparium, within which it remains thru the winter.

“Chaetogaedia monticola agrees with this in some parts of its
development. The eggs are laid on leaves as before stated. The egg
of Chaetogaedia appears as a tiny black dot on a grass leaf. It is
.44 mm. long by .25 mm. broad, quite regularly ovate, shaped like
a hen’s egg only somewhat flattened where in contact with the leaf;
smooth and shining black. A female dissected was found to have
several hundred of them in the uterus. Another female which
bred out in capavity, was dissected when several days old, to count
the eggs. The uterus contained 1066 eggs* which were black and
apparently ready for oviposition. The ovarian tubes, which are
numerous and collected into two ball-like structures, were full of
immature ova. Probably the majority that are laid are not eaten
by caterpillars; hence, the provision of such a large number is to
insure some of them being eaten. They are so small as to escape
being injured by the jaws of the caterpillars in biting off bits of
leaf, tho probably some are destroyed. They soon hatch in the
alimentary canal of the caterpillar and bore thru its walls to the
surrounding body cavity. If they did not hatch the same day they
would probably pass out with the excrement. A caterpillar which
had been fed with leaves on which quite a number of Chaetogaedia
eggs (dissected from a caught female) had been spread, died after
5 days. It was dissected and 24 maggots of the parasite were
found inside. They were about 2 mm. long and were mostly locat-
ed in the head and anterior segments of the caterpillar. Other
caterpillars which had been similarly treated and had died, were
dissected and fewer maggots found inside. With so many maggots
there is not food enough for all, so the caterpillar dies too soon
before the parasites can become full-grown. Perhaps only those
caterpillars which have eaten but one egg, or have had but one egg
hatch inside of them, are able to survive till the maggot becomes
full-grown, and those having more than one maggot inside die too
soon, and thus the maggots themselves die; at any rate, I never
have reared more than one parasite per host, nor have I found more
than one puparium formed per host.

* T have since counted 4944 eggs from the uterus of one female.

“In dissecting caterpillars containing maggots, I never have found
maggots feeding on the nerve ganglia, as Sasaki has; but I have
found them located, as he says near a spiracle of the caterpillar,
and enclosed in a sort of sac which is apparently an enlarged
tracheal tube, the maggot locating in it when small and the tube
becoming enlarged as the maggot grew. Usually there is a black-
ening of the caterpillar externally where one of these is located.
When about full-grown the maggot leaves the sac and lies length-
wise in the caterpillar (or pupa, if it has pupated) eating up all
or nearly all of the fatty matter of the latter. It may be nearly
full-grown at the time the caterpillar pupates, or it may be still
quite small; but I never have known of a case where the puparium
of the parasite was formed before the caterpillar had pupated.
The puparium is cylindrical, rounded at the anterior end, and
rather blunt at the posterior end where it is often somewhat widen-
ed. It is of a very dark reddish color, and each of the two spiracu-
lar orifices at the posterior end has three black rounded protuber-
ances around it. The anterior end is always directed anteriorly
in the host pupa. The adult fly emerges in about 10 to 14 days
from the time the puparium is formed.”

Shortly after the above was published, I received a copy of
Technical Bulletin No. 12, Pt. VI, U.S. Bureau of Entomo-
logy, issued Sept. 1908. In this Mr. C. H. T. Townsend gives
the saan of observations on the habits of tachinids, eathered
from the experience of himself and others in rearing poral
tachinids at the Gypsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Heights,
Massachusetts.

These results were quite startling. Among the species of Euro-
pean, Japanese and American tachinids dealt with, there were
found to be five different styles of reproductive habit; namely:
host-oviposition ; leaf oviposition ; supra-cutaneous host-larviposition ;
sub-cutaneous host larviposition and leaf-larviposition.

As a conclusion from these results, great importance is
attached to those species having the leaf-oviposition habit as
parasites for the gypsy moth. All of these species produce
large numbers of eggs, as high as 5000 having been fovnd con-
tained in the uterus of one species.

During the summer of 1909, I have made the following addi-
tional observations of interest on Chaetogaedia monticola.

A female (taken in the field) was placed in a cage where
there was growing grass on which she might oviposit. She

died on the second day, however, without having laid any eggs.
On dissection the uterus was found to be filled with a large num-
ber of eggs. Some of these were examined, and all stages of de-
velopment were found, some apparently ready to hatch, Exam-
ination was made by placing a number of eggs on a glass slip and
applying pressure with the point of a knife blade, when the
shells of the eggs would burst with an audible snap and allow
the embryos to emerge, many of them without injury. Some
of these were still retained in the vitelline membrane, while
others were entirely free from it and were to be seen crawling
about, which shows that they are fully developed, ready to
hatch, before the eggs are laid. This accords with the observa-
tions of Townsend and Sasaki. Many of those still enclosed
in the vitelline membrane, were seen to be active, wriggling
about, revolving and even doubling up, as fully developed as
those which had escaped from the vitellme membrane.

Some of the eggs from this same female were retained in a
dry condition in a vial. They were examined from time to
time, and it was found that at the end of four weeks, there
were some of them with living embryos; showing that they
undoubtedly may remain alive on the leaves of plants for some
little time, if not immediately eaten by caterpillars.

As regards the hatching of tachinid eggs after being eaten
by caterpillars, no satisfactory explanation has yet been given.
The shell of the egg is so hard that it seems unlikely that it
could be sufticiently affected by the digestive juices of ‘the
caterpillar, quickly enough to allow the maggot to escape from
the egg, and also have time enough to pass thru the wall of the
alimentary canal before it would be carried along and be ex-
pelled with the frass of the caterpillar—this latter being a
rather rapid process in a normally feeding caterpillar.

In my earlier notes, above, I have said that the eggs are so
small as to escape being injured by the jaws of the caterpil-
lars in biting off bits of leaf. IT quote the following from
Townsend on page 109 of the bulletin above referred to:
“Furthermore, the chitinization strengthens the egg and thus
iessens the chance of injury to it while being swallowed. Still
further, we have found that the chorion of all these eggs pos-
sesses a minute raised reticulation, which we consider is in-

tended as a framework to strengthen it so as to protect the
egg still more fully from injury in being swallowed.”

From the fact that the eggs cracked open with a snap when
pressure was applied, and that many maggots escaped safely,
it occurred that possibly the normal method of hatching for
these eggs is by the pressure of the mandibles of the cater-
pillar in biting the leaves on which the eggs-have been laid.
Accordingly, several caterpillars were killed immediately after
they had eaten quite a number of eggs that had been placed
close together on a bit of leaf, and in each case the little
maggots were found to have already escaped from the eggs
and were crawling about amongst the bits of leaf in the erop
of the caterpillar. By the shells being cracked thus by the
mandibles of the caterpillar, the young maggots escape imme-
diately from the eggs and can proceed to bore thru the wall of
the alimentary canal, before being carried away along with the
frass.

From this, it seems to me, that the purpose of the thickened
ege-shell is to protect the enclosed maggot from drying up too
soon, if it should happen to remain on the leaf for any length
of time before being eaten by a caterpillar; and secondly, that
the egg may split open under the pressure of the caterpillar’s
mandibles, allowing the maggot to escape safely instead of be-
ing crushed in the egg, as it would be if the egg were soft.

KOEBELE'S ICHNEUMON.
Ichneumon koebelei n. sp.

Plate ITI, fig. 7.

9, ferruginous; eyes, apical half of antennae, dot between an-
tenna and eye, tips of mandibles, most of the sutures of thorax,
petiole beneath, and a narrow band at base of second and third
abdominal segments, black; wings somewhat infuscated, stigma
yellowish. Head and thorax finely punctured and clothed with
fine pubescence. Scutellum very feebly punctured, shining, broader
in front, a carina extending from each anterior angle along side
of scutum; postscutellum narrow, transverse, shining, separated
from scutellum by a furrow. Areae of metathorax well defined,
punctate, sides longitudinally striate. Postpetiole broad, finely
longitudinally striate. Second and third abdominal segments fine-

ly and densely punctured on dorsum, 2nd segment with short lon-
gitudinal striae at base, remaining segments smooth and shining.
Abdomen pubescent below. Antennae stout. Length 14 mm,

g@, less ferruginous than 9; face, scape of antennae, tegulae,
scutellum, and anterior tibiae and tarsi yellowish; eyes, antennae
except scape, a spot behind antennae. another including ocelli
(sometimes these are united), sutures of thorax broadly, petiole
below, broad band at base of second, third, fourth and fifth abdo-
minal segments, black; apex of hind, tibiae blackish. More pubes-
cent than female. Length 16 mm.

This valuable parasite was introduced from America by
Mr. Koebele several years ago. The date of introduction is
not known; but after becoming established the first record of
its appearance is a specimen taken by Dr. Perkins, in June,
1900. Since then it has become generally spread, and quite
common locally, usually the most observed where there is an
abundance of army worms and cutworms. During 1905-1907,
I saw them quite abundant at several places on Hawaii, Maui
and Oahu; but so far, I know of no records of its occurrence
on Kauai or Molokai. It was especially introduced to prey
upon army worms and cutworms, and I do not know of it
attacking any other kind of caterpillar.

Little is known of its life history, further than that the fe-
male parasite deposits her egg inside a living caterpillar; the
larva there lives upon the fluids and fat, not causing the death
of its host until after the latter has pupated; then the parasite
completes its growth and becomes a pupa within the host pupa,
and in due time the adult parasite emerges therefrom.

Specimens were submitted to Dr. Howard of the Bureau of
Entomology, Washington, for identification. He has kindly
compared them with specimens in the U. S. National Museum,
and found that it is not contained there. He writes further
regarding it: ‘I then sent it to Mr. Viereck, who compared it
with the Philadelphia collection, and while, he says, it comes
near to Ichneumon brevipennis, it is evidently distinct from
_that species.” Hence, it is apparently an undescribed species,

and I have herewith described it, naming it for Mr. Koebele,
who has done so much valuable work for economic entomology
in Hawaii.

Dae

Cane shoot badly eaten by army worms.

Nite : c io ly Le? feo
eh Ae REL hil ee no .
hee re ‘a ei eee

BULLETIN No. 7

PLATE |.

Puate II.

1 Agrotis ypsilon, male.

2 : ‘a caterpillar; p. prolegs, s. spiracles, t.
tubercles.

3 Feltia dislocata, male.

| = re caterpillar.

5 3 i cluster of eggs.

6 3 a ego Inghly enlarged.

7 Spodoptera mauritia, male.

8,9 ‘ s caterpillar, (two color varieties).

10 xe . cluster of eggs.

11 is - ege Inghly enlarged.

12. Agrotis crinigera, male.

13 = eS caterpillar,

BULLETIN No. 7

j
wit

WK
HIN

0 Soe YAY i

\\\\\

)

Puate III.

Lycophotia margaritosa, male.

i = caterpillar.
Cirphis unipuncta, male.
ce ee

‘aterpillar.

pupa.

apex of pupa highly enlarged.
Ichneumon koebeler, female.

Chaetogaedia monticola,

<3 ee

oe larva.
“cc oe <=
puparium,
e 5 posterior segment of puparium
highly enlarged.
- a ego on grass leaf, enlarged
ee oe

ego highly enlarged,

BULLETIN No. 7

“yy Yad

ype

CRE §:! NS SRS, pra Ts
ye Ww Mt

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We a
van
7
Dh tir Wt ite

BULLETIN No.8

i| ,
| REPORT OF WORK |
|| OF THE
|| _ EXPERIMENT STATION
|| ete OF THE
| __ HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION
| |
| pee
| :
| A Bibliography of Sugar-Gane
{ ; ~ Entomology
By G. W. KIRKALDY
HONOLULU, HAWAII
ae DECEMBER 24, 1909
oS ae fo, \ .

JAN18 140

Naz; nal. Muse

a ed

SE rn bg Salas a ee Vice-President —

Wa. SMITH 2 gine ros arses ore Secretary-Treasurer
Tay WARREN, cel So ose a Assistant Secretary _

Ee suites 4nd steedaies Seeds Oe Auditor —
E. D, TENNEY ;
F. A: SCHAEFER "BISHOP

S. M, DAMON . SWANZY

EXPERIMENT STATION COM MITTEE

REE SS E, E. PAXTON, Chairman re
Fe ta J. W. WALDRON T. H. PETRIE As ae
J. M. DOWSETT A. W. T, BOTTOMLEY ae
_ L. J. WARREN, Secretary ae
EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF =e
rere EAR eo Fo sien ee vee vee le Director ;
tie nr PEIN See. Sed Entomologist
PeenUDE IMS... <. ca vev bag Se oe est os Sugar Technologist me
RET OE EPO Re. < ss. sine Song Face tae toe eB Pathologist a
Rese SPOS ce. Sit cok Gat eos tok oe Chemist i ;
eae CLIN ERI =< «hore eaikinate ye oie Ohi ee oe Agriculturist
Ge RARMALDY- 2000s reas fo 43s ie eves Acting Entomologist — |
<fGe -4 81125 TD ea Be, aoe ee Consulting Entomologist 4 |
PCE a et erent eee Assistant Chemist <
. WERTHMUELLER .........0.5... Assistant Chemist a
LOD ELPIACING oot Gs atta hes dons NG ge ses Assistant Chemist
Ee ees Pete SERA oa! sao Sree nase ce eta dyess ... Assistant Chemist a ,
Dee Me CROLL EU SS Po SS crs csa Ste ose CE Assistant Entomologist SF
OTP. 1 SWAY 5 vice hake -...Assistant Entomologist a
MUIR .ledA. los... cd. soe. «Assistant Entomologisn > |
DEPOTS EN Ny vi sipiasovh ag eioree-a'o ive ~ a sang’ ates Assistant Pathologist |
TRAN Hiyttectian tt cok ear lee slaw noe -a ea taiawione Assistant Agriculturist |
= PRODMRICK , ceveaes vere chases ...Field Foreman |

eee eee eee
wre bi 0:9 0 © 6.918 6.6 6 a. 0*h Seco
|

6 20.6 e4 O) 6:6 0 9.088046 6 6 gos

DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY BULLETIN No.8

REPORT OF WORK
OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

A Bibliography of Sugar-Cane
Entomology

By G. W. KIRKALDY

HONOLULU, HAWAII
DECEMBER, 1909

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
To the Experiment Station Committee of the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association,
Honolulu, Hawaii.
Gentlemen :—I herewith submit Bulletin VIII of the Divi-
sion of Entomology. It has been prepared by myself, and is
entitled “A Bibliography of Sugar Cane Entomology.”

Yours obediently,

G. W. KIRKALDY,

Acting Director, Division of Entomology.

Honolulu, Hawaii,
September 1, 1909.

This bibliography is intended primarily as a work of refer-
ence for the Entomologists of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’
Association.

It is probable that some references have been overlooked,
though it is not likely that these are of special value; on the
other hand, a considerable number of apparently worthless notes
have been included, because it is impossible, beforehand, to
draw any line between them and those which will prove im-
portant locally.

The bulletin is divided into two parts.

(a) <A list of works, arranged under authors;
(b) <A preliminary list of the insects, spiders, ete., of
the sugar cane fields.

+ indicates that the work has not been accessible.

* * indicates that the work is private and has been distributed
only to the members of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Associa-
tion.

[ ... ] means that there is no special title to the paper, or
that I have not seen it.

* (in part 2) indicates a Hawaiian species.

As the bulletin is merely a working list and not intended to
serve as a complete bibliography, many of the titles are abbre-
viated, the lacunae being shown by “....” In the precis,
the original name is usually given.

The numbers, after the author’s names in the second part,
refer to part 1.

PA ren,
A LIST OF AUTHORS.

ALCOCK, A.:

1. “.... Pests of the Sugar Cane,” Ind. Mus. Notes V.
40-4 (1900).

AVEQUIN, J. B.:
1. [Enemies of Sugar Cane in Antilles and Louisiana],
Journal Pharmacie, XX XII. 335-7 (1857).
Cf. Ins. Life IV. 96 (1891 Nov.)

Diatraea saccharalis and Calandra

BANCROFT, J.:

1. + Second Ann. Rep. of Board appointed to enquire in the
causes of Diseases affecting live stock and plants, &e.”
(Brisbane 1877) pp. 12-13, figs.

2. + Diseases of animals and plants that interfere with Colo-

nial Progress” (Brisbane 1879), pp. 8-9.

3. + ‘Rep. of the Board appointed to enquire into the causes
of diseases affecting live stock and plants” (Brisbane
1876) pp. 19-31, 2 Pls.

BAEEOUL HA:
1. “Review of Insect Pests Affecting the Sugar Cane,”
West Ind. Bull. V. 37-47 (1905).
Reprint Haw. Pl. Mo. XXIV. 267-74 (1905 June 15).
Diatraea saccharalis; Ligyrus tumulosus; Sphenophorus seri-

ceus; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Delphax saccharivora; Xylebo-
rus perforans; Castnia licus; Ccecidae; and Parasites,

BARLOW, E.:

1. “Miscellaneous Notes from the Entomological Section,”
Ind. Mus. Notes IV. 35-6 (1896).

Aspidiotus; Termes taprobanes.

BARRETT, O. W.:
1. “The Changa or Mole Cricket (Scapteriscus didactylus
Latr.) in Porto Rico,” Bull. Porto Rico Agr. Station,
TI. 1-9, fiz. 1 (1902).
[Reprint Haw. Pl. Mo. XXIII. 229-37, fig. 1 (194) ].

DE BARRY:
1. + ‘Mémoires sur les Fourmis de Canne a Sucre,” (Paris)
pp. 1-18 (1785).
2. + “Le Bréton’s Traité sur les Propriétés et les Effects du
Sucre” (Paris) pp. 157-84 (1789).

BECKFORD ,W.:
1. + “Descriptive Account of the Island of Jamaica,” II.
52-4 (1790).

Diatraea saccharalis.

BLANDFORD, W. F. H.:
1. “Notes on Scolytidae and their Food-Plants,” Ins. Life,
VI. 260-5 (1894 Feb.).
Xyleborus perforans; Hypothnemus eruditus.
2. “The Identity of Xyleborus affuus,” Ent. News. LX. 3-6
(1898, Jan.).

BOJER, W.:
1. + “Report of the Select Committee Appointed to Exam-
ine the Extent of the Damage Done by the Cane Borer
in Mauritius,” pp. 1-21, Pls. I-V (1856).
Diatraea saccharalis [as Proceras sacchariphagus]
[Reprint in Sugar Cane, V. 477-83, (1873, Sept.) and
534-7 (Oct. 1), 3 Pls.].

BERG:
t. + [Pulvinaria iceryi], Soc.d’Acclim. TX. 939 (1862).

BORDAGE, E.:
1. + “Sur deux Lepidopterés Nuisibles 4 la Canne 4 Sucre
aux Iles Mascareignes,” C. R. Ac. Sci France, 1109-
1112 (1897).
Diatraea saccharalis; Sesamia nonagrioides.
2. + |Ichneumonid parasites of the Sugar Cane Borer in

the Island of Reunion. [ source ? |

Ophion mauritii and antankarus on Diatraea striatalis and Sesa-
mia albiciliata.

[Résumé Bull. U. 8. Ent. XXX. 82, fig. 29 (1901) ].

BOS, H.:
1. + “Een vijand van het Suikerriet, Apogonia destructor
nov. spec.”, Tijdschr. Ent. XX XIII. 311-48, 2 PI.
(1890).

BREDDIN, G.:
1. “Javanische Zuckerrohrschadlinge aus der Famile der
Rhynchoten,” Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. XL. 105-10
(1896, May).
Colobathristes saccharicida; Periscopus mundulus; Dicrano-

tropis vastatrix; Eumetopina krugeri.

BRICK, G.:

“+... Eimige Krankheiten und Schidigungen tropischer
Kulturpflanzen ( ... des Zuckerrohrbohrers, Diatraea
saccharalis, in Guatemala), Ber. Stat. Pflanzensechutz
Hamburg X. 223-58 (1909).

BROWNE, P.:
ft. + “The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica,” Ed. 1,
iioos Kd, 2; 1789,
p. 430 Aphis

BUSCK, A.:
1. “Notes on a Brief Trip to Puerto Rico,” Bull. U. S.
Ent. 22, pp. 88-92 (1900).
Dactylopius sacchari,

BUTLER, A. G.:
1. “Heterocerous Lepidoptera Collected in Chili,’ T. E. 8.
London, 113-39 (1882).
115 Leucania saccharivora.

CALDWELL, J.:

1. + “Report on New Caledonia” (Mauritius 1870) 11 pp.
“Locusts.”

CAMERON, ¢, A.:

1. + “Sugar: Its Composition, &e.,” (Dublin 1863, 30 pp.).
Acarus sacchari.

CASTLES, J.:
1. + “Observations on the Sugar Ants,” Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc., London, LX XX. 346- He (1790).
[Also in Voight Mag. VIII. St. 3, pp. 90-100].

Formica saccharivora.

CHAMPION, G. C.: ;

1. <A species of Scaptocoris Perty found at the roots of
Sugar Cane,” Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) “XT 25p-7,. tgs:
(1900 Nov. ).

CHARMOY, DE:
1c ss eae ,” Pr. Soe. Am. Sei [ ?Mauritius] 45-7 (1899).

Dactylopius sacchari; Icerya seychellarum.

COCKERELL, T. D. A.:
1. “The Sugar Cane Borer,” Bull. Bot. Dep. Jamaica,
XXX. 2-7 (1892 April).

Diatraea saccharalis.

“A list of West Indian Coecidae,” J. Inst. Jamaica I.
252-6, Pl. (1893 Apr.).

255 Aspidiotus sacchari.

3. “Report on infected Sugar Canes,” Bul. Bot. Dep. Ja-

maica XL. 6. ( ye

Dactylopius
4, “The distribution of Coccidae,”’ Ins. Life VI. 99-103
(1893 Dec.).
1038 Aspidiotus sacchari,
5. “Aspidiotus sacchari in Java,” Ent. News XIII. 24
24. (1902 Jan.) (*)

COMPERE, G.:
1.- “Return of Mr. G. Compere,” J. Agr. W. Australia,
XVII. 268-70 (1909 April)
269-70, severe criticism of Froggatt No. 3.
[Abstract Haw. Pl. Mo. X XVII. 176-8 (1909 May) ].
* T have also unseen references to

(a) Bull. Bot. Dep. Jamaica 50 (1897); Bull. U. S. Ent. Techn.
VI. 25 (1897) relating to Aspidiotus sacchari.

(b) J, Trinidad Nat. Club II, 195 (1895) relating to Dactylopius
sacchari.

COMSTOCK, H. H::
1. “Report on Insects Injurious to Sugar Cane,’
Rep. Dep. Agric. U.S. 35. pp. 1-11 (1881).
3-8 Ligyrus rugiceps, text. figs. —; 8-11 Chilo saccharalis, text
figs.
2. f Ann. Rep. Agr. U. S. for 1880, p. 240-3.

Diatraea saccharalis, Pl, II.

’)

Spee.

COOK, M. T.:
1. “Insects of the Year m Cuba,” Bull. U. S. Ent. 60, P.
10 (1906 Sept. 22).

Diatraea saccharalis; Heliophila unipuncta.

COQUILLETT, D. A.; and JAEGER, A.:
7 ~The Icerya in Honolulu,” Ins. Life, IIT. pp. 329-30
CUS 91 April’)

Does not attack sugar cane,

COTES. E. GC:
1. “Further Notes on the Wheat and Rice Weevil,” Ind.
Mus. Notes, I. 15-76 (1889).
22 Diatraea saccharalis; 57 Dragana pansalis; 63 Termes tapro-
banes.

[Cf. Ins. Life II. 61-2 (1889 Sept.) ].

2. “A Conspectus of the Insects Which Affect Crops in In-
dia,” Ind. Mus. Notes, II (1891).

152 .Xyleborus perforans: 156 Mancipium nepalensis; 159
Achaea melicerte; 162 Termes taprobanes; 162 Dragana pan-
salis; and Miatraea saccharalis: 170 Oedalus marmoratus;
161 Poecilocera hieroglyphica.

3. “The East Indian Sugar Cane Borer,” Ins. Life, IV.

p- 397 (1892 Aug.).
Diatraea saccharalis Cotes (nec. Fab.)—Chilo infuscatellus?;
Cotesia flavipes,

4, “Miscellaneous Notes,” Ind. Mus. Notes ‘III. 50-2
(1893).
Cotesia flavipes.
“Miscellaneous Notes,” Ind. Mus. Notes, III. 63-4
(1895).
“Cane Borer.”
6. “Miscellaneous Notes,” Ind. Mus. Notes, III. 101-2
(1893).

Xyleborus perforans,

CRAW, A.:
1. “Fighting Insect Pests with Insects,” Haw. Forester,
Il. 321-5. (1905 Nov.).
[Reprint Haw. Plant. Mo. XXIV. 642-7 (Nov. 15) ].
Zee RE DORG OF scree aeare te: e Superintendent of Entomology,”
Rep. Board Agri. Hawaii I. 136-45 (1905).
3. “Report of the Superintendent of a ” Haw.
Forester III. 101-3 (1906, March [= £ \pril) ].
4. “Report of = Superintendent of Entomology and In-
spector,” Rep. id. IT. 99-112, Pls. 1-9, figs. 1-2 2 (1906).
Sugar Cane Pests, 100-1,
5. “Entomology,” Haw. Pl. Mo. XXV. 134-6 (1906 April
ESB

Perkinsiella saccharicida,

6. “Report of the Superintendent of Entomology and In-
spector,” Rep. id. IIT. 189-158 (1907 Feb. 28).
Cane Pests, 144.

CRICK, A.:
1. “Diseases and enemies of the Sugar Cane,” Haw. Pl.

Mo. X. 105-11 (1891 March).

DELRERE, Aur
I, “La Canne 4 Sucre,” ree)
63 Tortrix saccharifaga, Pl. 2; 67 Coccus sacchari, Pl. 2

DEVENTER. W. van:
1. ‘“Einige Bladvretende rupsen van het Suikerriet,’’ Arch.
Java Suiker,, X. 705-16, Pl_.3, (1902):
[ Also Med. West Java, No. 56, i 1-12].
Hesperiidae.
2. “Insecteneieren welke veel op het Suikerriet gevonden
worden,” Arch. Java Suiker. XI. pp. 487-46, Pl. VII
and VIII. (May 15, 1903).
[Also as Med. West Java, No. 63].
3. “De Bibitkever (Holaniara picescens Fairm.),” Arch.
Java Suiker. XII. 225-23, Pl. I. (1904).
| Also Med. West Java No. 70, pp: 19 |:

4. “Tfandboek ten dienste van de Suikerriet-Cultuur en de
Rietsuiker-Fabricage op Java. II De Dierlijke vi-
janden van het Suikerriet en hunne Parasieten,” I-XI,
1-298; and I-XI1; text-figs. 1-71, Pls. 1-42 (1906).

Arthropods 22-294, text-figures 13-71, Pls, 4-40.
A general summary of previous papers.

DISTANT, W. L.:
1. “Rhynchota IT,” Fauna of British India. (1903 Dec.).

28 Blissus gibbus.

DUFOUR, L.:
1. + “Note sur une nouvelle espece de Fourmi (fornmica
vinsonnella),” A. S. E. France IV. 210 (1864).

On sugar cane in Reunion,

DRAENERT:
lS eee eae .’ Zeitschr. Parasitenkunde | (1869).
[Also in J. Hort. Soc. London III (i872) ].

Lep. Hem.

D’URBAN, W .S. M.:
1. “Sugar Cane Borers,” Ent. Mo. Mag. XVI. 165-7
(1879 Dec.).

Curculionidae; Coleoptera.

ECKART. C. F.:
1, “Report on preeautions to be observed with regard to
cane unportation” (Honolulu), 1-9.
[Including letter on cane pests from Perkins, R. C. L.,
2-7 |.

ELLENRIEDER, C. A. M. M. M. von:
1. “Eerste Bijdrage tot de Kennis der Hemipteren van den
Indischen Archipel,” Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXIV.
130-76, Pls. 1-6 (1862).
144 Halys guttula; 172 Diplorrhinus fureatus,

ISESIPW aT Wave tise
1. [On Coceidae, Aphidae and Parasites]. Sugar Cane X.
441-7. (1878 Aug. 1); and XI. 605-7 (1879 Nov. 1).

FABRICIUS, J. C.:
1. + “Beskrivelse over den Skadlige Sukker og Bomuldsorm
i Vest Indien, og om Zygaena pugionis Forvandling,”
Skrift. Naturhist. Selsk. ILI. pp. 63-7: fig. — (1794).

[Also Gottingen Journ. I. 137-43 (1789); extr. Bull.
Soc. Philom. I. 28 (1792) ].

Phalaena saccharalis; Noctua gossypii.

“Entomological Systematica” TV. (1794).

77 Acanthia sacchari.

FERNALD, MRS. M. E.:
1. “A Catalogue of the Coccidae of the World,” Bull. Mas-
sachusetts Agr. Coll. Sta. No. 88 (1903).
Reference to sugar cane Coccidae on pp. 27, 98, 199, 119, 133,
210, 215, 220, 223, 226, 278, 300, 327.

REE TAU XG jE. .
1. ‘La Canne a Sucre et ses Ennemis,” Agr. Pratique Pays-
Chauds No. 10, pp. 5-7 (Sept.) (1903 Feb.).

Brief Notes on Known Species.

FROGGATT, W. W.:
1. + “A Natural Enemy of the Sugar Cane Beetle in
Queensland,” Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales XII. 63-8, 1 Pl.
(1902.)

Dielis formosa.

2. ‘Notes on the Value of Introduced Parasites on Bene-

ficial Insects,” West Indian Bull. IX. 262-4 (1908).

[pp. 262-3 reprinted in Haw. Pl. Mo. XXVIII. pp. 4-5
(1909 Jan.), as “Injurious Insects in Hawaii.” ]

3. “Report on Parasitic and Injurious Insects,” (Dep. Agr.

N.S. Wales) 1-116, Pls. 1-8 and other figs., pp. 2-5
Hawaii. (1909).

N. B. The statements re Hawaii are almost entirely
unveracious and. misleading.

[Cf. Mead No. 5; Compere No. 1; Silvestri No. 1;
Kirkaldy No. 16].

FUMOUZE, A; AND ROBIN. C.:
1, “Mémoire anatomique et zoologique sur les Acariens,”
Robin’s Jour. Anat. Phys. TV. 605-28 and 561-601,
Bh aesoi.

GREEN, E. E.:
1. “Description of a New Species of Ripersia (sacchari)
destructive to Sugar Cane,” Ind. Mus. Notes, V. 37-8,
PI. VI, figs. 5 and 6 (1900).
2. “Remarks on Indian Seale Insects... ,” op. cit. 93-108,
Pls. 18-20. (1903).
Aspidiotus glomeratus; Dactylopius sacchari.

Tae
GUENEE, A.:
1. + “Lépidoptéres,” Maillard’s Notes sur l’ Ile de la Reé-
union. Annexe G. (1863
70 Borer saccharellus!

GUILDING, L.:
1. + “On Insects which Infest the Sugar Cane,” Tr. Soe.
Arts, XLVI. 143, 3 Pls. (1828) ; and XLVII. 192-9.
(1829).
[Extract Mag. N. H. (1) V. pp. 466-70; figs. (1832) ].

GUERIN-MENEVILLE, EE
1. “Etudes sur les Insectes Considérés Comme la Cause de
la Maladie des Cannes a Sucre dans les Iles Maurice
et de la Réunion. I,” A. S. E. France (4) LX 89-92
(1869).
Coccus sacchari; Lecanium iceryi; lL, guerini; Aleurodes ber-
gii;
[Also a + paper on Coccus sacchari in Rev. Mag. Zool.

(2) XIX. 451 (1867) and Soc. d’Acclim (1867) ].

HADI. S. M.:
1. “The Sugar Industry of the United Provinces of Agra

&Oudh (Allahabad), (1902).

Insects 45-51,

Diatraea saccharalis; Termes taprobanes; Blissus leucopterus
(i. e.. gibbus); Hieroglyphus furcifer; Poecilocera hierogly-
phica.

HAMILTON, C.:
1. + “Descriptio Vermium in Insulis Antillis qui Cannis
Saccariferis Damnum Intulerunt,’? Comment Nori-
berg, pp. 179-80 (1734).

Diatraea saccharalis,

BART. J: Fes
1. “Cane Diseases,” Bul. Bot. Trinidad No. 52, p. 152.
Thomaspis sp. (sic!).

HARTMAN, C. H.:
1. ‘Australian Letter on Icerya,’ Ins. Life I. 87 (1888
Sept. ).

HEIN, A. A, A.:
1. “Over de Sehadelijke Werking van Boorders,” Arch.
Java Suik. IT. 214-25 (1894).

Diatraea saccharalis,

BOOKER. J.:
1. + ‘Report on the Progress and Condition of the Royal
Gardens at Kew During the Year 1877.” (1878, pp.
37-9; and new edition 1879 p. 48).

HORNER, J. M.:
1. Insect Enemies of the Sugar Cane,” Haw. Pl. Mo. I. 87-
8 (1882 July).

HOWARD, L. O.:
1. “The Sugar Cane Beetle Injuring Corn (ligyrus rugi-
ceps Lec.),”’ Ins. Life J. 11-12 (1888 July).
2. “The Larger Corn Stalk Borer (Diatraea saccharalis),”
Ins. Life IV. 95-103, fig. 2-4 (1891 Nov.).
[Also U. 8S. Ent. Cire. (2) XVI. 1-3, figs. 1-3 (1896
Aug.) |.

3. “A Mealy Bug Enemy to Sugar Cane in the West In-
dies,” Ins. Life VI. 45-6 (1893, Nov.).

4. “The Sugar Cane Weevil in the Fiji Islands,” Ins. Life
VII. 279. (1894 Dec.).

Sphenophorus obscurus.

5. “An Ortahd Fly Injuring Growing Cereals and Sugar
Cane (Chaetopsis aenea Wied.),” Ins. Life VII. 352-
4, text fig. 34, (1895 March). .,

6. “Mauritian Sugar Cane Coccidae,” Ins. Life VII. 430
(1895 July).

Icerya seychellarum,

i. “Ichneumonid Parasites of the Sugar Cane Borers in
the Island of Reunion,” Bull. U. 8. Ent. 30, p. 82,
fig. 29 (1901). |

[Cf. Bordage No. 2].

8. “On the Importation of Beneficial Insects from one

Country to Another,” Tr. Mass. Hort. Soc. 11-19.

(1906).

HUGHES, G.:
1. + “Natural History of Barbados” (London, 1750).
245-7 Phalaena saccharalis.
HUMBOLDT and BONPLAND, v. SAY:
JACOBY, M.:
1. [Exhibit of Leptispa pygmaea from Sugar Cane from
Bombay Presidency], P. E. S. London, p. 11. (1894
Apr):

IGERY, M: E-:
1. + “Memoire sur le Pou 4 Poche Blanche,’ Chambre
d’Agric. de Ile Maurice, pp. 1-8, Pls. 1-6, (1864).
[Translation by Dunning, P. E. 8S. London, 1864, pp.
Dleaa |.

JOHNSTONE, J. C.:

1. “Notes on the Continued Ravages of the Delphax sac-
charivora upon the Cane of the West Indian Islands,
especially in Grenada,” P. E. S. London I. pp. 27-28
(1834).

2. + “Insects Injurious to Sugar Cane,” Tr. Soc. Arts.
London 50, pp. 65-8 (1836).

Saccharosydne saccharivora.

3. + “Extracts from a Letter from A. MecBarnet, Esq., of
St. Vincent, relative to the ravages of the Mole-Cric-
ket in that Island,” P. E. S. London II. pp. 10 and
31 (1837),

Grylletalpa didactyla.

KARSCH. F.:
1. “Kine Stelzenwanze als Zerstérerin des Zuckerrohrs auf
Java,” Ent. Nachr, XIV. 205-7 (1888 July).

Colobathristes saccharicida.

KIRBY, W.; and SPENCE, W.:
1. “An Introduction:to, Emtomolozy ; 2.222... « (Ed. 7,
(1856).
Sugar Cane pp. 101-2.
Phalaena saccharalis; Formica analis and saccharivora; Gryl-
lotalpa didactyla; Delphax saccharivora; Aphis; Elater noc
tilucus; Calandra palmarum and sacchari.

[Ed. 3. 1818, pp. 184-6].

KIRKALDY, G. W.:
1. “Miscellanea Rhynchotalia No. 7,” Entomologist, (1903
July).

Perkinsiella saccharicida.

2. “Leafhoppers and Their Natural Enemies, Part 9,”
Bull. H. S. P. Ent. I. 269-479, Pls. 21-32 (1906
Feb.).

[ Abstract Haw. Pl. Mo. X XV. 55-6 (1906 Feb. 15) ].

3. “Leafhoppers. Supplement,” Bull. H. S. P. A. Ent. I.

1-186, Pls. 1-20, (1907 Sept.).

4, “A Catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji,” P. Linn. 8. N.
S. W. XX XIII. 345-91, Pl. 4 and text figs. (1908
Aug. 14).

5. “Descriptions et remarques sur quelques Homopteres de
la Famille des Fulgoroideae vivant [s] sur la Canne
a Sucre,” A. S. E. Belg. LI. 123-7, figs. (1907).

6. “Further Remarks Principally on Some Saccharicolous
Fulgoroidea,” op. cit. 300-2.

7. “On Some Peregrine Aphidae in Oahu,” P. Haw. Ent.
Soe. I. 99-102.

99 Aphis sacchari.

8. “Catalogue of the Hemipterous Family Aleyrodidae
shee tents »’ Bull. Board of Agric. Hawaii IT. 1-92 and
103. (1907, Sept. 21).

“Biological Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian
Isles No. I,” P. Haw. Ent. Soc. I. 135-161, figs. 1-4.
(1907 Oct. a5).

156 Reduviolus innotatus; Zelus pereginus: &c.

10. ** “Spiders of Hawaiian Cane Fields,” Circ. H. S. P.

Ent, VIJI, 1-12, Pls, 1-5. (1908 Sept.).

—

11. “A List of the Deseribed Hemiptera of the Hawaiian
Islands,” P. Haw. Ent. Soe. I. 186-208, Pl. 4. (1908
April 8).

198 Fulvius sp. on Sugar Cane,

12. ** “Miscellaneous Insects of the Cane Fields. No. J,
Oechalia grisea,’ Haw. Plant. Rec. I. 28-4, figs. 1-2.
(1909 July 1).

[ Also Editorials in Haw. Pl. Ree. I. and Reports in Rep.
Board Agr. Hawaii I: and Rep. H. Pl. Exp. Stat. ].

13. “A Revision of the Hemipterous Family Nabidae
found in the Hawaiian Islands,’ P. Haw. Ent. Soe.
IT. 49-69, Pl. 1. (1909 Sept. ).

14. “Notes on the Tlemipterous Genus Oechalia,” op. cit.
82-4, Pl. 2, figs. a-b (1909 Sept.).

15. “A preliminary list of the Insects of economic import-
ance recorded from the Hawaiian Islands,’ Haw. For-
ester I. 152-9 (1904 June); 183-9 (July); 205-10
(Aug.).

16. ** “The Entomological Work of the Hawaiian Sugar
Planters’ Association as seen by Dr. Silvestri and Mr.
Erogeatt. With motes by... ...... ; o Olsens weal:
Reeord I. 179-97 (1909 Oct.).

[See Silvestri I; Froggatt 3].
[Reprinted H. Pl. Mo. LX XVIII. 405-20. (Oct.)]}.
**17. “Entomological Notes,” op. cit. 268-72, figs. 1-4. (1909
Dec.).
Tenodera sinensis; Trechocorys spp.

18. “A Bibliography of Sugar Cane Entomology,” Bull. H.

Savees ints. Var, (1909 Dec. ).

KENT, G. H.:
1. “Injurious Insects in Mississippi for 1888,’ Ins. Life
ee (S89. Jana).

Ligyrus rugiceps.

KOBUS, J. D.:
1. “Rietvijanden Boorders,”’ Med, Proefst. Oost Java, 43
pp. 1-8. (1892).

Diatraea saccharalis,

2, “Bijdragen tot de Kenis der Rietvijanden II, Parasi-
ten van Insecten, die het riet beschadigen,’” Archief
voor Java Suiker.- II. p. 255-63, text. figs. IFFY
(1894).

[ Sep. as Med. Proefst. Oost Java, N. S. No. 8, pp. 1-5].
General on Parasitic Hymenoptera.

3. Bijdragen tot de Kenis der Rietvijanden,” Arch. Java

Suik. 11: 4-15, Pl. I. (1894).
Apogonia destructor.

4. ‘Bijdragen tot de Kenis der Rietvijanden III,” Arch.
Java Suik. II. 860-5, (1894); and op. cit, IIT. 845-7.
(1895).

5. “Bestrijding van Boorders” IV. 401-6, Pl. 3, (1895).

Diatraea striatalis.
6. “Bijdragen tot de Kenis der Rietvijanden VI-VIII,”
Arch. Java Suik. V. 297-305, Pls. 5-7 (1897 March
5)
297-300 Psalis securis, Pl, 5; 300-304 Phalera combusta, Pl. 6;
304 Cyllo leda, Pl. 7.

KOEBELE, A.:
1. “Sugar Cane Insects in New South Wales,” Ins. Lite
IV. 386-9, (1893 Aug.) [as ‘“Keobele!’’ ].

Noctuid (and Parasites); Carabid; Searabaeid; Diabrotica sp.

“Disease of the Cane,” Haw. Pl. Mo. XVII. 576-8,
1899 Dec.).

Sphenophorus obscurus.

3. “Diseases of the Cane. Further Notes on the Sugar
Cane Borer, Sphenophorus obscurus, Boisd.” Haw.
Pl. Mo. XIX. 519-24. (1900 Nov.).

Also Omiodes accepta.
4. ‘Insect Investigations in Mexico,” Haw. Pl. Mo.
XXVIII. 507-18. (1908 Dec. 15).

KOLK, v. de F, J. J.:
1. [Boordereiern], Arch. Java Suik. VI. 49-43. (1898).

KONINGSBERGER, J. C.:
1. “Kerste overzicht der Schadelijke en nuttige Insecten

van Java,” Med..’s lands plant. XXII. 1-54 (1898).

References to Javanese papers,

bo
Cz

KRUGER, W.:

1. Ueber Krankheiten und Feinde des Sueckerrohrs,’”’ Ber-
ichte der Versuchsstation fiir Zuckerrohr in West
diava. Bett I 50-179; Pl.-I-LX (1890):

| Also in Dutch, in ‘*Mededeelingen van het Proefstation
voor Suikerriet in West Java Deel I].
Arthropoda. 57-61 and 67-106, Pls, I-III.

2. “Over de Ziekte van den Boorder in het Suikerriet,”
Med. Proefst. West Java I. 69-74, 79-81, 88-91, 98-
LOO! Piss 2 and 3 a: (1890).

Diatraea saccharalis.

3. “Das Suckerrohr und Seine Kultur..... auf Java,”
(Madgeburg and Vienna). (189 ).

Arthr. pp. 305-21 and 341-96, Pls. V-VIII, text figs. 38 and 45-55.
General summary up to that date,

KOTINSKY, J.:
1. “History of Economic Entomology in Hawaii,” Bull.
U. S. Ent. 60 p. 58-66 (1906 Oct.).
[ Abstract Haw. Pl. Mo. XXV. 414-22, (1906 Oct. 15) ].
2. “Some Coecidae from Singapore Collected by F. Muir,”
P. Haw. Ent. Soc. I. 167-71, figs. 1-2, (1908 April
8).

169 Chionaspis sp.

LEONARDI, G.:
1. “Monografia del genere Mytilaspis,’ Rev. Pat. Veg.
VI. 205-36, figs. 9-17 (1898 May 31).

EEEROY, Hi M-:
1. “Cane Moth Borer,” Haw. Pl. Mo. XIX, 285-7, (1900,
June).
[Rept. from Barbadoes Agric. Gaz. }.
9. “Moth Borer in Sugar Cane (Diatraea saccharalis,
Fabr.),” West Indian Bull. I. 327-58, 11 figs., [Bibl.
351-3
[Review Agr. Ledger Caleutta No. 23, pp. 221-8

(1900) ].
3. “Insect Pests of Sugar Cane,” West Ind. Bull Il. 41-5,
OOS).

Moth Borer; Sphenophorus sericeus (olim sacchari); Delphax
saccharivora.

[Translated, Bull. Stat. Agr. Mauritius VII. 1-28
(1902): retranslated, H. Pl. Mo. XXII. 368-75
(1903, Aug.) ].

4. “The Ladybird [!] or Weevil Borer of Sugar Cane
(Sphenophorus sericeus Oliv.),” West Ind. Bull. IIT.
88-92. (1902).

5. “Seale Insects of the West Indies,” West. Ind. Bull. II,
940-70 and 295-319, (1902).

6. “Mothborer in Sugar Cane... in the West Indies,”

Agric. J. India J. 97-114, Pls. 10-11. (1906 April).

Chilo simplex.

“Indian Insect Pests, (Caleutta),” 1-318, figs. (1906).

120 Hieroglyphus furcifer, fig. 135-8; 123 Nonagria uniformis,

fig. 140-2; 125 Chilo simplex, Fig, 143-51; 229 Termes tapro-
banes, Fig. 272-5; 130 Scirpophaga aurifluta, Fig. 152; 133
Dictyophora pallida, Fig. 153; 135 Aleyrodes barodensis Fig.
154: 136 Chilo auricilia, Anerastia ablutella; Polyocha sac-
charella.

8. “Seale Insects of the Lesser Antilles, Part 2,’’ West Ind.
Pamphl. 22, pp. 1-50, figs. (1903).

Dactytopius calceolariae; D, sacchari; Aspidiotus sacchari.

LUCAS, W. J.:
1. “The Orthopterous Fauna of the British Isles, Belgium
and Holland,” Entom. XXXIII, pp. 2-4, (1900,
Jan.).

p. 2 Chelisoches morio from Mauritius.

MACKENZIE, M., and LEFROY,H, M.:
1. ‘The Sugar Cane Borers of Behar,” Agric. Jour. Ind.
III. 104-24, Pls. 20-22, (1908, April).

Lepidoptera.

MARCHAL, P.:
1. “The Utilization of Auxiliary Entomophagous Insects
in the Struggle Against Insects Injurious to Agriecul-
ture,”’ Pop. Sci. Monthly LXXLE 352-70" (1908
Apr.) ; & 406-19 (May).
[Translated from + Ann. Agron. Inst. (2) VI. 281-35
(1907) |;

2. “Le Borer géant de la Canne 4 Sucre. Nouvel ennemi
de cette Culture dans le Centre-Amérique,” Jour.
Agric. Tropicale VII. 207-8, (1908, July).

Castnia licus.

MARLATT, C. L.:
1. “The Giant Sugar Cane Borer,” Bull. U. 8S. Ent. 54, p.
71-8, (1905).
Castnia licus.

MASKELL, W. M.:

1. “Further Notes on Coccidae with Descriptions of New

Species from Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand,” Tr.
Nea. Inch) XOX ble 3-56,, Pls. 4-9, (1891):

149 Dactylopius calceolariae; and 171 Aleurodes sacchari; both
from Fiji.

2. “Contributions towards a Monograph of the Aleurodidae

Pes ei Neeewlnst:. Sos VL I...4ue Pils. 24-3%.
(1896, June).
424 Aleurodes barodensis, Pl. 25, pt. 2; 441 sacchari.
3. “On a Collection of Coecidae, principally from China
and Japan,” Ent. Mo. Mag. XX XITI. 239-444, (1897,
Octs):

4. “Further Coecid Notes; with Descriptions of New Spe-
cie and Discussion of Points of Interest,” T. N. Z. L,
ROX 298-33) Pls, 18-22, (1898).

520 Dactylopius sacchari.

5. Further Coecid Notes; with Descriptions of New Spe-
cies, and Discussions of Points of Interest,” T. N. Z.
Inst. XXX. 219-52, Pls. 93-27, (1899).

220 Icerya seychellarum not saccharivorous.

6. “Descriptions of the Three Species of Indian Aleurodi-
dae,” Ind. Mus. Notes IV. 143-4, Pl. XII, Fig. 1,
(1899).

[Reprint from Maskell No. 2].

Aleyrodes barodensis,

MATSUMURA, S.:
1. “Monographie der Homopteren-Gattung T'ropidocephala

°
Stal,”? Ann. Mus. Hung. V. 56-66, Pls. 1-2 (1907).

MEAD, R. D.:
1. “Losses Oceasioned by Destructive Insects and Plant Dis-
eases,”’ H. Pi Mo. SX V.360-1, (1906).
9. “Sugar Cane Pests,” H. Pl. Mo. XXVI. 10-13, (1907,
Jan. V5):
“The “spittle” insects are probably not these but Saccharo-
sydne saccharivora.

3. “Cane Borer Parasite,” H. Pl. Mo. X XVII. 44-5, (1908,
Heb. 15):
4. “Sugar Cane Borer Parasite,’ H. Pl. Mo. XXVII. 233,
(1908, June 15).
5. “Insect parasite collection by Geo. Compere,” H. Pl. Mo.
XXVIII. 164-5, (1909, May).
Strong criticism of Froggatt No. 3.
MICHAEL, A. D.:
1 RR pete eons coh he ee ee Bull. Kew. Gardens 40,
(1890, April).
Abstract Ins. Life. III. p. 31, (1890, Aug.).
Histiostoma rostroserratus; Tarsonymus bancrofti (Arachnida).
2. + “Observations of the Life Histohies of the Gamasinac
ase ” J. Linn. 8. London XV. 297-809 (1881).

MORGAN, H. A.:
1. “Sugar Cane Borer and Its Parasite,” Bull. Louisiana
ixp. Station Series 2 (9), 215-28; (1891, June).
Rev. Ins. Life III. 362-3
[
218-26 Chilo saccharalis, figs. 1-5; 226-8. Chauliognathus penn-
sylvanica, fig. 6.
MORRIS, D.:
1. + “Correspondence relating to the Aphis blight on sugar
cane in Jamaica,” (Jamaica) 4 pp. (1882).

MORTON, W., J.; THOMPSON, W. J.; et al:
1. “Chilo saccharalis: Tts Injury to Corn in Virginia, and
to Cane and Sorghum in Lousiana,” Ins. Life III. pp.
64-5, (1890, Sept.).

MUIR, F.:
1. ‘Notes on Some Fijian Insects,” Bull. H. S. P. Ent. II.
1-11) Pl 16-1906; Nov: 10).

§ Elenchus tenuicornis, Pl. 1; and general notes.

2. ** “Report on Investigations in South China,” Cire. H.
Sete eetimiedle II C1907), July si):

3. ** “Notes on the Sugar Cane Hoppers and Borers in the
Malay States and Java,” Circ. H. 8. P. Ent. I]. 1-13,
(3 1907, Oct. 16).

4, ** “Entomological work 2 oer Cine. Hi. S82 Pe Ent.
Ve tao" (1908, Feb:

Ee Ei Ps MM. EV af 50-4, (1908, Feb. 15) ]-

5. * “Report on the search for the sugar eane borer in the
Malay Archipelago,” Cire. H. 8. P. Ent. VI. 1-9,
(1908, May 17).

ee, H. Pl. Mo. XXVIII. 252-7, (June 15) ].

(Tae ee “Report on the Sugar Cane Borer in the Moluceas,”
ee Plant. Rec. I. 40-8, with map, (1909, Aug. 1).
[Summary of routes by G. W. e 34].
[Reprint H. Pl. Mo. MVE. 863271 ils

(7. ** “Concluding Report on Travels in the Malay Archi-
pelago in Search of Parasites for the Cane Borer,” op.
eit. 256-61 (1909, Nov.).

MULDER, H. J.:
“4d: “De Kentjong-Kever,” Arch. Java Suik. V. 106. (1897).

NEWEANDS;, J: A. R:3 and B. E. R::
1. “Sugar: A Hand-book for Planters and Refiners,”’ 1-876,
Pls. and Figs. ( )

88-96 Insects.

te
NICEVILLE, L, de:
1. “Insect Pests of Cereals and Crops,” Ind. Mus. Notes,
We 3941. (1903).
Chilo simplex.
2: oe mee of the Sugar Cane,” Ind. Mus. Notes, V.
164- P(elLOS ay
aa pallida; Dinoderus minutus; Ligyrus rugiceps;
Chilo simplex; Scirpophaga auriflua; Goniozus indicus; Apan-
teles scirpophagae; Nonagria inferens; Macrocentrus nice-

villei; Agonoscalis nubila; Ripersia sacchari; Laemotmetus
ferrugineus; Sitophilus oryzae.

OBER At Ss.

1. + ‘Report on a Visit to the Clarence River District for
the Purpose of Ascertaining the Nature and Extent
of Insect Ravages in the Sugar Cane Crops,” Agr.
Gaz. N. S. Wales, IV. 373-86, Pl. — (1898, May).

[Notice in Ins. Life, VI. pp. 55-6 (1893, Nov.) ].

CRMEROD, E.:
1. “Sugar Cane Borers of British Guiana,” P. E. S. Lon-
don, p- XOOGEHEVA CUS Gas
Diatraea saccharalis,
2. “Notes on the Prevention of Cane Borers,” P. E. S. Lon-
don, pp. XX XI and XXXVI-XL, (1879).
[1881 Summary in Z. Rec. XVI Ins. 5].
Calandra palmarum and C. sacchari; Procerus sp? [==? Pha-

laena saccharalis F]
»

3. [On Insects Injurious to the Sugar Cane], P. E. S. Lon-
don, p. XIV-XX, (1880).
Pyralis saccharalis; Procerus sacchariphagus; Tomarus bitu-

bereulatus; Spbhenophorus sacchari; Rhynchophorus (7?) pal-
marum,

PEAL, H. W.:
1. ‘Notes on Insect Pests from the Entomological = Oa,
Indian Museum, I, Pests of the Sugar Cane,” Ind.
Mus. Notes V. 40-4, (1900).

Pl. XIV, fig. 7, Chilo simplex; Pl. XIV, fig. 2, Scirpophaga exer-
ptalis; auriflua Pl. VI, fig. 1-2; Ripersia sacchari; Dorylus
orientalis; Termes taprobanes; Blissus gibbus; Dictyophara
pallida. Pl. V, fig. 1-6; Aleurodes sp.

2. “Contributions Toward a Monograph of the Oriental
Aleurodidae,” J. Asiat. S. Bengal LX XIT (2) 61-98,
(1903, Sept. 12).

92 A. barodensis,

PERKINS, R. C. L.:
1. “The Leathopper of the Sugar Cane,” Bull. Board Comm.
Agr. Hawaii, I. 1-38, (1903, Aug.).
Perkinsiella saccharicida, etc.
[ Reprinted with a few verbal alterations in ** Yearbook
of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Assn. for 1903-4,
(1904 Nov.) ; and op. cit.. for 1904-5, Appendix, VI.

”

pp. 43-61, (1905); and Hawaiian Planters’ Monthly
SEIT. pp. 488-518, Nov. 1904 (publ. Dec.) ; sum-
maries or reviews in Allg. Zeitschr. Ent. LX. 85-6
(1904) ; Exp. Sta. Rec. XV. 488-9 (1904) ; cf. Haw.
Kor i 139.

2. “On Some Diseases of Cane Specially Considered in Re-
lation to the Leafhopper Pest and to the Stripping of
Cane,” Press. Bull. Board of Agric. Hawaii, No. 1,
(1904, April).

[Reprinted H. Pl. Mo. (XXIV in error) XXIII. 633-
[a1 1904. Dee i>)sand in Yearbook Hi S: PR. A. for
1904-5, Appendix VII, pp. 63-6].

3. “Leafhoppers and Their Natural Enemies,” (*)

Pre 2. Bull. H.S: PB: Ent. 1. 1-60, 1905 May, Hymen-
optera ;

brn 2, bull, Hos) P. Hmt. 1: 71-85, figs. Leprdaptera,
1905 June;

Pres. Bull) HS, Py Ent. £. 86-111, Pls. 1-4, Stylopr
dae, 1905 Aug. ;

Ree pili Hes ein. de 113-57, Pls, 5-7. Diptera,
1905 Sept. ;

Pree Ge doulle Eis: Bo Bute 1..983-205, Pls. 11-13, Ely-
menoptera, 1905 Nov. ;

Erie os bill ee soe. Ent. 1 239-67, Pls. 18-20; Hy-
menoptera, 1906 Jan.;

Pri) aye ne SP: Hint. i 481-99, Pls.:33-8,. Ely-
menoptera, Diptera, 1906 March.

* This bulletin (including Parts. 5, 7, and 9 by Terry, Swezey, and
Kirkaldy, q. v.) has been reviewed, partly or entirely, in (among
others):

Ent. Mo. Mag. (2) XVI, 263-4 (1905) (by Saunders),

Zeitschr, Pflanzenkr, XVI. 296 (1906).

Nature LXXXYV. 82 (1906).

Exp. Sta. Rec. XVII. 477 (1906) et seqaq.

Zool, Record 1905. Ins, 4-5 (1906) (by Sharp).

Zool. Zentralbl. 89-92 (1906) (by v. Linden).

Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. II. 66-70; 126-7 et seqq. (1906).
Entomologist XX XIX. 168; 283-6 (1906); XL. 160-2; 232-4 (1907).
Sci, Progress II, 222-4 (1907) (by Lydekker).

See also under Eckart.

PORTER, G. R::
1. “Nature and Properties of Sugar Cane,” (London)
(1830).
Diatraea saccharalis in Guadeloupe.
RAGONOT, E. L.:
1. + “Deux Microlépidoptéres trés Nuisibles 4 la Canne 4
Sucre,” A. S. E. France, (1895).
RENNIE, J.:
1. “Insect Miscellanies,” (London) 1-412. (1831).
286 Formicidae.
RIDEEY., H. N::

1. “The Diseases of Sugar Cane,” Haw. Pl. Mo. XVI, 524-
T, (A897 "Nov:):

LIEN (G5 Wee

ahs

‘Report of the Entomologist,” Rep. U. S. Dep. Agr. for
1880.

p. 240. Diatraea saccharalis,

RILEY, C. V. and HOWARD, L. O.:

“A Sandwich Island Sugar Cane Borer,” Ins. Life 1.
185-9, figs. 44-5, (1888 Dec.).

Sphenophorus obscurus.

“A New West Indian Sugar Cane Enemy,” Ins. Life
IV. 342, (1892 June).

Xyleborus piceus (misprint for pubescens).

“Sugar Cane Pin-Borer and Cane Disease,” Ins. Lite
V. 51-2, (1892 Sept.).

Xyleborus perforans,

“Additional Note on the Sugar Cane Pin-Borer,” Ins.
Life IV. 402, (1892 Aug.).

Xyleborus eae

“Notes on Some Insect Pests of the Fiji Islands,” Ins.
Life V. 270-1, (1893 April).

Sphenophorus obseurus; Anchylonycha (?) sp.; Pyromorphid?

“The Sugar Cane Pin-Borer Again,” Ins. Lite V. 27

(1893 April).

[Notice of paper in Agr. Record, Trinidad for Nov.

1892, pp. 151-6]

Diatraea saccharalis; Xyleborus perforans.

RITSEMA. C.:

alt

+ “A New Species of the Genus A phanisticus,” Notes
Leyden Mus. XIX. 125 (1897).

ROTH, H. L.:

olf

)

“The Animal Parasites of the Sugar Cane,” Sugar Cane
XVII. 117-23 (1885 March 2) ; 183-90 (1885 April).
[Translation in Tijdschr. voor Landbouw. en Nijver-

heid in Nederlandsch Indie, (1887 Feb. 1) ].
“Addenda and Index to ‘The Animal Parasites of the
Sugar Cane,’” Sugar Cane XVIII. 85-8, (1886
Feb. 1).
[N. B. Both these papers give frequent abstracts from
the older literature].

SAY, T.:
1. “Letter from Thomas Say to John F. Meisheimer, 1816-
1825 IV,” Ent. News XII. 173-7 (1901 June).
Reference (174) to Humboldt & Bonpland [of which I cannot
trace the exact reference] that the larva of Elater noctilu-
cus feeds on Sugar cane.*

SCHOMBURGK, R, H.:
1. “History of Barbadoes” (1848).
640-8. Formicidae.

SHELTON, E. M.:
1. “A White Grub Pest of Sugar Cane in Queensland,”
Ins. Life, V. 45-6, (1892 Sept.).

Lepidiota squamulata.

SIGNORET, V.:

1. “Quelques observations sur les Cochenilles connues sous
le nom de Pou a poche blanche qui ravagent les plan-
tations de Cannes a sucre ‘i l’ ile Maurice et a Vile de
la Réunion,” Ann. 8. E. France (4) VIII. 93-6,
(1868).

2. ‘Essai sur les Cochenilles,” A. S. E. France, 1868-76.

Pulvinaria icerya (4) VIII. 857 (1868); IX. 95 and 101 (1869);

(5) III. 87 (1873); [also Bull. (4) IX. p. XX]; Icerya sacchari
(4) IX. 93 (1869) and (5) V. 352 (1875).

3. “Essai Monographique sur les Aleurodides,”’ A. S. E.
France (4) VIII. 369-400, Pls. 9 and 10 (1868).
395 Aleurodes bergii,

SILVESTRI, F.:

1. “Sguardo allo stato attuale dell’ Entomologia agraria
negh Stati-Uniti del Nord America e Ammaestra-
menti che possono derivarne per l’Agricoltura Itali-
ana,” Boll. Soc. Agri. Ital. XIV. No. 8, pp. 1-65.
(1909 April 30).

[Translation in Haw. For. Agr. 1909; Cf. also Kirk-

aldy No. 16].

* Possibly the “Recueil d’observations....faites dans un voyage aux
tropiques,” 2 Vols. 1811-32, which I have not seen for several years,

SMITH, W. O.:
ie) - Cane Borer,” Haw. Pl. .Mo. Ll. 56-7 (1883 June);
and 98 (1883 Aug.).
Sphenophorus obscurus.

SINEEEEN, Pe GC. ies
I PS focal eect neces een ,’], Med. Proefst. Suik. West
Java, 94 pp., Pls. 1-2. (1890).
2. + “Aanteekeningen over Lepidoptera schadelijk voor
het suikerriet,” Tijdschr. Ent. XX XIV. 341-56, Pls.
18-19.
349 Pl, 19. figs. 1-4 D. striatalis.

STAUNTON, G.:

1. + “An Authentic Account of an Embassy to the Em-
peror of China,” Hd.’ 2; 1798).
II. 461 Grubs living in roots of cane. fried and eaten by Chinese

STEBBING, E, P.:
1. “Insect Pests of the Sugar Cane in India,” Ind. Mus.
Notes, V. 64-91.

Chilo simplex; Scirpophaga auriflua and excerptalis, Xyleborus;
Termes taprobanes; Dorylus orientalis; Leptispa pygmaea,
Haplosomyx elongatus; Mancipium nepalensis; Ophiusa meli-
certa; Acantholipes pansalis; Blissus gibbus; Dictyophara
pallida; Aleurodes barodensis; Ripersia sacchari; Oedalus
marmoratus; Poecilocera hieroglyphica.

STUBBS, W. C.:

iy, oucarCane %)...4 5.) yo 1-208: (18892):
168-73 Ins. (by Morgan H. A.); 168-71 Diatraea saccharalis
figs. 1-5; 171-2; Laph[r]ygma frugiperda; 172-3; Ligyrus ru-
giceps.

STUBBS, W. C.; and MORGAN, H. A.:
1. “Cane Borer (Diatroea saccharalis”), Bull. Lousiana
Aer. Sta., Series 2 [70] 885-927, figs. 1-11, (1902
April).

SVWEZ EV Orrie:
J. “Leafhoppers and their Natural Enemies,” Part 7, Bull.
Hee. Be S. i. 207-38) Bis. 14-16, (1905 Dec.).

Orthoptera; Coleoptera; Hemiptera,

2. “Life History Notes, and Observations on Three Com-
mon Moths,” Px. ES. £5328, (1906 Dee):
57 Spodoptera mauritia on cane,
3. “The Sugar Cane Leaf-roller (Omiodes accepta)..... aR

Bull. H. S.5P 7 Wnt. V. 1260; Ps} 16; “hiss, (gar
Aug. 20). :
[ Abstract H. Pl]. Mo. X XVI. 290-301, Pls. 1, 2 and 5.
(USOT “Ganges P27):
4, “Observations on Insects During a Recent Trip to Ha-
wa,” Peak. Ss. I. 16-19,7°(1906 April 3)t

Incidental notes on Cane Insects.

“Lecture on Sugar-cane Leaf-roller and Its Parasites,”
H. Pl. Mo. XXVI. 441-5, (1907 Nov. 15).

6. ** “Army Worms and Cut Worms Attacking Sugar

Cane,” Cire. HoS..P. Ent: V. 1-21, Pls, d-3) (ages

May 12).

7. “On Peculiar Deviations from Uniformity of Habit
Among Chaleids and Proctotrupids,” P. Haw. Ent.
Soc. IT. 18-22. (Oct. 1908).

8. ‘Notes on the Bud Moth of Sugar Cane and Its Lepi-

dopterous Associates,’ H. Pl. Rec. I. 119-43, Pls.
1-4 (1909 Sept.).

9. “The Hawaiian Sugar Cane Bud Moth (Hreunetis fla-
vistriata). With an Account of Some Allied Species
and Natural Enemies,” Bull. H. S. P. Ent. VI. 1-41,
Pls. 1-4 (1909 Oct. 25):

10. “Army Worms and Cut Worms on Sugar Cane in the
Hawaiian Islands,” op. cit. VII. 1-32, Pls. 1-3 (1909
Nov.).

WIS Rc las Vier ais
*“1. “Supplementary Report of the Entomological Division,”
Yearbook H. 8. P. A. 1903-4.
[Reprint H. Pl. Mo. XXIIT. 475-6, (1904 Nov. 15);
and Yearbook H. 8. P. A. 1904 App. 28-30, (1905) ].
Orthoptera; Neuroptera; Diptera,
2. ‘Leafhoppers and Their Natural Enemies,” pt. 5, Bull.

H. S. P. Ent. I. 159-81, Pls. 8-10, (1905 Nov.).

“Tecture on Cane-borer,’” H. Pl. Mo. XXVI. 436-40,
(1907 Nov. 15).

Sphenophorus obscurus.

4. ** “The Sugar Cane Borer (Sphenophorus obscurus)
the Hawatan Islands,’ Cire. H. S. P. Ent. III.
1-92.) else t=, (1907 Dec.. 7).

5. ** “Entomological Inspection on Hawaii and Maui,”
Haw. Plant. Ree. I. 31, (1909 August 1).

6. ‘A Preliminary Account of the Insects of Economic Im-

portance Recorded from the Hawaiian Islands,” Haw.

Forester I. 273-5. (Oct. 1904). 299-302 (Nov.); 349.

(Dee); EL 70-38 (Mar. 1905); IIT.- 35-45 (eb.

1906). Coleoptera Diptera.

ey)

iaiEOBAED, FE. V.:
1. “First Report on Economie Zoology,” (London) (1903).
139 List of Pests on Sugar Care; 141 Myochronus armatus.

THOMPSON, W. J.:
1. “The Tropical Sugar Cane Borer in Lousiana,” Lousi-
ana Planter III. 2774, (1889 Nov. 2).
[Reprint in Ins. Life II. 289-90, (1890 June) J.
Chilo saccharalis.

SS ES S.iGe:
1. “The Sugar Cane Beetle (Ligyrus rugiceps Lec.),” Bull.
U. S. Ent. 54 p. 7-18. (1905).

RON: iz
1. “Destructive Insects Liable of Introduction to Queens-
land,” Queensland Agr. Journ. I. 40.
[I have only seen a separately paged copy without indi-
eation of date, journal or original pagination ].
Diatraea saccharalis; Scirpophaga intacta; Grapholitha schis-

taceana; Chilo infuscatellus; Sphenophorus obscurus; Ligy-
rus rugiceps

2. “Grub Pest of Sugar Cane (Lepidiota squamulata) of
the Mackay District, Brisbane,” Dept. Agr. Queens-
land, 56 pp. (1895 July).

“New Cane Varieties and New Diseases,” Haw. Pl. Mo.
Mo. XIV, 449-59, (1895 Oct.).

[ Probably a Reprint from Queensland Journal}.

Sphenophorus obscurus.

4, “A Parasite of Sugar Cane Beetle Grubs (Dielis formo-

sus, Guérin),” Queensland. Agr. J. X. No. 2. Sep. pp.

1-8, Pl EX. (1902 Keb. 1).

oy)

TURNBULL, D.:
1. +f “Travels in West Cuba; with Notes of Porto Rico,”
pp. 273-4, London. (1840).

TURNERS Rees
1. + [Insect Enemies of Sugar Cane in Queensland], Bull.
Dep. Agr. Queensland XXY.
[Abstr. Ins. Life VI. 333-4, 1894 May].

VAN DINE, D. L::
1. “A Sugar Cane Leafhopper in Hawaii,” Bull. Hawaii
Agr. Exp. Sta. V. 1-29.
Abstr. Haw. Pl. Mo. XXIII. 261-8, (1904 July 15).
2. Fuller’s Rose Beetle (Aramigus fulleri Horn), Press
Bull. Hawaii. Exp. Sta. XIV. 1-8. fig. 1. (1905 Oct.).

URICH, F. W.:
1. ‘Notes on Some Insect Pests of Trinidad, British West
Indies?’ Ins. Tnfe. VI. 198. (1893 Dec):
Xyleborus perforans.
2. “The Cane Sueker (Castnia licus),” Bull. Agr. Trini-

dad 61. pp. 43-5, Pl. (1909 Apr.).

WAKKER, J. H.:
1. “De bestrijding der Keverlaven door Botrytris tenella
(Isaria densa), Arch. Java Suiker. II. 469-75.
[Reprint Med. Ooost. Java. N. S. 10].

WALKER, F.:

1. “List of Homopterous Insects in the British Museum,”
(Pt. 4) pp. 909-1188 (1852),

1085 Coccus sinensis,

WALSINGHAM, LORD:
1. “Microlepidoptera,” Faun. Haw. I. 469-759, Pls. 10-25.
(1907 Dee. 1).
713 Opogona aurisquamosa; also reference to O. subcervinella
from Maurituis.

WATSON, N. B.:
1. “The Root Borer of Sugar Cane Gaels abbrevia-

tus), West. Ind. Bull. IV. 37-47, Fig. 1-3, (1904).

Also Sphenophorus sericeus and Ligyrus tumulosus.

WIEINT. F. Ay EF. G::
1. ‘Een middel tot bestrijding van rietvijanden onder de
Insecten, meer bizonder van de Witte luis,’ Arch.
Java Suik. I]. 253-5, (1894).

WESTWOOD, J. O.:

1. “A Notice of the Ravages of the Cane Fly on the Sugar
Canes of Grenada.” By Anon, with additional ob-
servations by J. O. Westwood, Mag. Nat. Hist. VI.
407-13, text-figs. 54 a-c. (1833 May).

Delphax saccharivora,

2. + “Report of the Committee, ete., for Investigating the
the Nature of the Ravages of the Cane Fly, Delphax
saccharivora in Grenada,” (London) pp. 1-2. (153 ).

3. “Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,”
Vol. I. 347-8, (1838-1840).

Calandra palmarum and pace

3a. “The Seychelles Dorthesia,’ Gardener’s Chron. (No.
51) 8386, fig. (1855

4, + “The Cane Borer,” Gardener’s Chron. 453, (1856

July 5).

Diatraea saccharalis.
+ “Notice of the ‘Borer,’ a caterpillar very injurious to

the Sugar Cane,” J. Linn. Soc. London I. 102-3,

(1857)

Diatraea saccharalis in Mauritius.
6. + [Parasite of Icerya’s Coccus] P. E. 8. London. (3)
IL 55, (1864),

WHITNEY .H. M.:
1. The Cane Borer, Haw. Planters Mo. I. 145-6, (1882
Oct. ).
Sphenophorus obscurus.
2. ‘The Cane Borer in Lousiana and Hawaii, Haw. PI.
Mo. XX. 22-6, (1901 Jan.).
3. ‘The Cane Borer in Lousiana,” Haw. Pl. Mo. XX. 638-5,
1901 Feb.).
YAMASAKI, N.:
1. “The State of Cane Sugar Manufacture in Formosa,”
5ull. Imp: Univ: Toyko Coll. Agr. IU, 277; G43897):
Diatraea strialis.

ZEANTNER, L.:

Oo Oo
1. “De levens geschiedens van den Wawalan (Apogonia
destructor),” Arch. Java. Suik. III. 697-708, (1895).
[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java n. s. No. 17].
2. “Bijdrag van Discophora celinde Stoll,” Arch. Java
Suik. IV. 205-210, Pl. I, (1896).
[ Reprinted. Med. Oost Java No. 20].
3. Levenswijze en bestrijding der Boorders,’ Arch. Java
Suik. IV. 477-97, Pls. 5-6: and 649-69, Pls. 15, figs.
1-5. (1896).
[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 24].
477-97 Diatraea saccharalis; Diatraea striatalis 477-97, Pl. 5,

Fig. 1-8, figs. 12-15; Ceraphron beneficiens 487-90, Pl. 60, Figs.
16-24; Chaetosticha nana 490-5 Pl. 5, Figs, 9-11.

4. “De bladboorders van het Suikerriet of Java,’ Arch.
Java Suik. IV. 793-804, Pl. 17, (1896).
793-801 Hispella wakkeri, Pl. I, Figs. 1-12; 799 Eulophus femo-

ralis. Figs. 13-16; 801 Aphanisticus krugeri: Cosmopteryx
sp.;: Phytomyza sp.

5. [| Wawalankevers in den Oostmoesson], Arch. Java Suik.
TV. 808-9. (1896).
6. “De Bestrijding der boorders,”’ Handl. eerste Congres
Alg. Synd. Suikerfabrik. Java, 110-5 (1896).
i. “De plantenluizen van het Suikkerriet of Java,’ Arch.
Java Suiker. ITV. 937-50, Pl. 20 (1896 Oct. 1).
[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java n. s. No. 29].

939 Aleurodes bergi, Pl, 20, figs. 1-16; 947 Prospalta tristis, PI.
20, figs. 17-21.

vo.

14.

16.

“De plantenluizen van het Suikerriet of Java,’ Arch.
Java Suik. V. 193-218, Pls. 3-4 (1897 Feb. 15).

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 36].

193-212 Chionaspis saccharifolii, Pl. Ill, Figs. 1-17 (& 3 text
figs.) and Pl. 4, Figs. 20-29; 211-212 Aphelinus simplex, FI.
II, Figs. 18-19; Chionaspis depressa Pl. IV, Figs. 30-39.

“De Kentjong-Kever,” Arch. Java Suik. V. 23-4 (1897).
“Voorloopige mededeelingen over een Luizerplaag,”
Arch. V. 381-5. (1897).

Aleurodes longicornis.

“Verspreiding van Boorders,”’ Arch. Java. Suik. 486-
93. (1897).

“Overzicht van de Ziekten van het Suikerriet op Java
He Arch: ava. Sunk. V. 525-75. (1897).

[Reprinted as Med. Ooost Java No. 37].

Coleoptera 529-386; Lepidoptera 536-45; Diptera 545-7; Hemip-
tera 547-64; Orthoptera 564-8; Neuroptera 568-9; Thysanura

569-72; Acari 572-3.

De plentenluizen van het Suikerriet op Java IV,”
Arch. Java Sik. V. 735-44, Pl. 8. (1897).

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 39].

735 Aspidiotus saccharicaulis, Pl, 8 1 text figure.
“Praktische Wenken voor Entomologische Werkzaam-

. . 5 . > fa
heden op Suikerondernemingen,” Arch. Java Suik. V.
183-807, Pl. 9. (1897).

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 40].

Instructions for collecting, setting, ete.

“De Mineerlarven van het Suikerriet op Java II-III,”
Arch. Java. Suik. V. 979-992, Pl. (1897).

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 42].

Aphanisticus spp., Pl. 9, Figs. 1-15; Closterocerus tricinetus
“Heteronychus sp? I. De Kentjong-Kever,”’ Arch.
Java. Suik. VI. 337-42, Pls. 8, Fig. 1-14. (1898).

oO Oo
“TI. Verdere Waarnemingen omtrent den Wawalan.
(A pogoma destructor H. Bos)” 343-60. Pl. 8. Fig. 15.
Paras. 249-54 Botrytis; 354-9 Masicera, Pl. 8. Figs. 16-19.
[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. 47].
“Shotborer,” Arch. Java Suik. VI. 586-7. (1898).
“Levenswijze en bestrijdning der boorders V.,’ Arch.

Java Suik. VI. 673-82, Pl. 12. (1898).

bo
=e
—~
:

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java (8) III and Med. West
Java No. 34].

173-9 Sesamia nonagrioides var. albiciliata, Pl. 12, figs. 1-11;
679-81 Bandongboorder, Pl. 12, Figs. 12-15.

“De Mineerlarven van het Suikerriet op Java IV,”
Arch. Java Suik. VI. 7938-807, Pl. 13. (1898).

Cosmopteryx pallisfasciella; Chalecis; Bracon; Pleurotropis tho-
racica; Derostenus albipes; Closterocerus.

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java (3) IV].

“De plantenluizen van het Suikerriet of Java V-VI,”
Arch. Java Suik. VI. 1085-98, Pl. 14. (1898).

1085-90 Chionaspis madiunensis, Pl. 14, figs. 1-9; 1089 Physcus

flavidus figs. 11-16; 1090-3 Chionaspis tegalensis, figs. 17-20;
1094-7 Chionaspis sp.; fig. 10, egg of Chionaspis saccharifolii.

[Reprinted as Med. Oost Java No. (3) 6, and Med.
West Java No. 37].

“Over eenige insektenplagen bij de Rietkultuur op
Java,” Handl. tweede Congres Alg. Synd. Suikerfa-
brik. Java 247-65. (1898).

“De Plantenluizen van het Suikerriet op Java VIII,”
Arch. Java Suiker. VII. 445-65, Pls. I and II (1899
April Wh).

445-59 Aleurodes longicornis. Pl. I; and 459-64 lactea. Pl. 2,

figs. 15-17, and 462 Emecarsia (Hym), Pl. 2, figs. 18-19.

[Reprinted as Med. West. Java No. 38].

“Wilde Voederplanten en Verspreiding der Boorders,”
Arch. Java Suik. VIT. 1012-16. (1899).

“De riet Schorskever, Vyleborus perforans Wollaston,”
Arch.Java. Suiks VIII. 501-21), Pl. 6., (1900).

[Reprinted as Med. West Java No. 44].

Ps Dies n boorders,” Arch. Java Suik.
WV Lit. 3-85; Pile 7." (1900).

733 nie a 7. fe 1-4; 449 Braconid. Figs. 10-12: 776
Macrocentrus. Figs. 5-8; 781 Braconid, Figs. 13-14,

[Reprinted as Med. West Java No. 46].

“De Plantenluizen van het Suikerriet op Java X,”
Arch. Java Suik. VIT. 1013-44, Pls. 8-9. (1900).
[Reprinted as Med. West Java 49].

1013 Ceratovacuna lanigera, Pl. 8, figs. 1-4, and Pl. 8. figs. 17-
18; 1024 Encarsia? flavoscutellum figs. Pl. 8. 5-6 and Pl. 9,
figs. eee 1025 Chrysopa sp. 1, Pl. 9, fig. 34; 1030 Osmylus
sp., Pl. 8, figs. 7-10; 1032 Pteromalid gen. and sp? figs. 11-13;

28.

9-
(3)

1033 Coccinellid sp? Pl. 9, figs. 19-23; 1036 Ephestia cautella
Pl. 8, figs 14-16;1038 Tetrastichus, Pl. 9, figs, 26-27; 1040
Halticella, Pl. 9, figs. 24-25.

“De Mijten van het Suikerriet op Java 1,” Arch. Java
Suik. TX, 193-209. Pls. 1-2.

[Reprinted as Med. West Java 51].

“De Plantenluizen van het Suikerriet op Java, XI
and XII.” Arch. Java Suiker. IX. 577-94, Pl. 7-8.
1901).

577-82 Aspidiotus, Pl. 7, figs. 1-13; 582-91 Planchonia. Pl. 8;
Hym, parasites. 591 Apheline? Pl. 7, figs. 16-18; Encyrtine,
Pipwiaenes: W4-15.

| Reprinted as Med. West. Java 52].

“De Planzenluizen van het Suikerriet op Java, XIII,”
Arch. Java Suiker. LX. 673-94, Pls. I and II. (1901).

673-86 Aphis sacchari Pl. 9, figs. 1-10 and 686-8; adusta, PI.
10 figs. 25-8: 688 Tetraneura lucifuga Pl. 10. figs. 29-34;
681 Aphelinus mali, Pl. 10, fig. 21; 679 Einecyrtine sp. figs.
22-24: 683 Syrphid, Pl. 10, figs. 17-20.

[Reprinted as Med. West Java No. 53].

“Methode der Boorderbestrijding,” Ed. 3, Proef. Suk.
West Java Pekalongan, pp. 1-27, Pls. T and II.
(1901).

Diatraea, Scirpophaga. Chilo, Grapholitha,

PAL UM.

A LIST OF SUGAR CANE INSECTS, SPIDERS, ETC.

ORDER NEUROPTERA.

Anomalochrysa decepta (emerobiidae).
Terry 2.
A. gay.
Terry 2.
A. raphidioides.
Terry 2.
Chrysopa microphya (Wemerobiidae).
Perkins 1; Swezey 4; Terry 2.
C. spp.
Deventer 4; Zehntner 27.
Nesomicromus vagus (Hemerobiidae).
Perkins 1.
Osmylus sp. (Osmylidae).
Deventer 4; Zehntner 27.

ORDER ORTHOPTERA.
(Including Pseudoneuroptera).

Acheta bimacuiata [Inogryllus| (Gryllidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Acrydium aeruginosum (Aerydiidae).
Deventer 4.
A. luteicorne.
Deventer +; iXKoningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
A. roseum.
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
A. zehntneri.
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Allacta notulata | Phyllodromia hieroglyphica| (Blattidae)
Perkins 1.
Anisolabis annulipes (Forticulidae).
Perkins i+ erry 42:
Atractomorpha crenulata (Acrydiidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger

SN)

A. psittacina.
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Atropos sp. (Psocoptera).
Roth 1.
Chelisoches morio ( Fortieulidae).
Lucas 1; Perkins 1; Terry 2.
Conocephalus latifrons [Amsoptera; Xiphidium). (Lo-
custidae).
Swezey 1.
C. varipenms.
Kekart 1; Perkins 1; Swezey 1. 3.
Klimaea chloris (Locustidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner L3.
Hpacromia tamulus (Acrydiidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.
Gryllotalpa africana (Gryllidae).
Deventer 4; Eckart 1; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3;
Zehntner 13.
G. didactyla, vide Seapteriscus.
Hieroglyphus furcifer (Aerydiidae).
Hadi 1; Lefroy 7.
Labia pygidiata ( Forfieulidae).
Perkins 1; Terry 2.
iis sp?
Perkins 1; Terry 2.
Labidura sp.? (¥orficulidae).
Terry 2.
Lnogryllus vide Acheta.
“Locusts.”
Caldwell 1.
Mecopoda elongata (Locustidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Oedalus marmoratus (Acrydiidae).
Cotes 2; Deventer 4; Stebbing 1.
Oxya velox (Acrydidae).
Deventer 4; Eckart 1; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.
O. sp.?
Deventer 4.

Phaneroptera sp.? (Locustidae).
Deventer 4; Kriger 3.
Phyllodromia hieroglyphica, vide Alacta notulata.
Poecilocera hieroglyphica (Acrydiidae ).
Cotes 2; Hadi 1; Stebbing 1.
Psocidae.
Perkins 1.
Scapteriscus didactylus (Gryllidae).
Barrett 1; Johnstone 3; Kirby and Spence 1.
Sphingolabis taeniata ( Forfieulidae).
KXoebele 4.
Termes gilvus (Isoptera).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3.
T’. taprobanes.
Micock 1- Barlow. i= Cotes 1, 2; Hadi 1; Lefroy 7;
Peal 1; Stebbing 1.
SPD.
Koningsberger 1; Zehntner 13.
Tenodera sinensis (Mantidae).
Kirkaldy 17.
Trilophidia annulata (Aerydiidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.
T. cristella.
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.
Truxalis spp. (Aerydiidae).
Deventer 4.
Niphidion and Niphidium, vide Conocephalus.
X. fuscum, vide Conocephalus varipennis.

ORDER THYSANOPTERA.

Hehothrips striatoptera.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.
Oxythrips binervis.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kruger 3.
Parthenothrips kobust.

Deventer 4.
Phloeothrips amphicincta.

Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.

P. lucassen.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 1, 3.
Physopus sexnotatus.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Stenothrips zehntnert.

Deventer 4.
Thrips minuta.

Deventer 4.
T’. sacchart.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 1, 3.
T. serrata.

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kobus.

ORDER HEMIPTERA.

Agonoscelis nubilis (Cimicidae).
Nicéville 2.
Aleyrodidae (general).
Kirkaldy 8; Peal 1.
Aleyrodes barodensis (Aleyrodidae).
Lefroy 7; Maskell 2, 6; Peal 2; Stebbing 1.
A. bergr [=berghw].
Guérin 1; Kirkaldy 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3;
Muir 1; Signoret 1; Zehntner 7, 13.
A. lacteus [= — tea].
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13, 23.
A. longicornis.
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 11, 13, 23.
A. sacchart.
Kirkaldy 4; Maskell 1.
Anthocoris pacificus (Anthocoridae).
Kirkaldy 4.
Antonina sp? [== Planchonia sp]|. (Coccidae).
Koningsberger 1; Zehntner 1, 3, 29.
Aphidae (general).
Browne 1; Kirby and Spence 1; Morris 1; Went 1;
Zehntner 11.
Aphis vide Loxerates.
Aspidiotus glomeratus, vide Targionia.

A. sacchari. (Coecidae).
Cockerell 2 &e.; Lefroy 8; Leonardi 1.
A. saccharicaulis, vide Odonaspis.
Ale -Spp:
Barlow 1; Zehntner 29.
Astorga saccharicida (Fulgoridae).
Kirkaldy 2.
Belus, vide Zelus.
Blissus gibbus (Myodochidae).
Aleock 1; Distant 2; Hadi 1; Peal 1; Stebbing 1.
B. leucopterus.
KXoebele 4.
Brachyplatys pacifica (Cimicidae).
Kirkaldy 4.
Ceratovacuna, vide Oregma.
Cicadula euryphaessa (Tetigoniidae ).
Kirkaldy 3, 4.
Chionaspis depressa (Cocecidae ).
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 8, 13.
C. madiunensis.
Zebntner 21.
C. saccharifolit.
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 8, 13, 21.
C. tegalensis.
Zebntner 21.
C. sp.
Kotinsky 2.
Coccidae (General).
Ballou 1; Fernald 1; Hooker 1; Lefroy 5; Signoret
Coccus sacchari, vide Icerya seychellarum.
C’. sinensis (Coecidae).
Walker 1.
Colobathristes, vide Phaenacantha.
Conorhinus, vide Triatoma.
Cyrtodisca major (Tetigoniidae).
Koebele 4.
C. sp.
Koebele 4.

Cyrtorhinus mundulus (Miridae).

Breddin 1; Deventer 4; Kirkaldy 4; Koningsberger

1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Dactylopius, vide Trechocorys.
Dicranotropis vastatrix, vide Perkinsiella.
Dictyophora pallida, vide Pyrilla aberrans.*
Diplorhinus furcatus (Cimicidae ).

Elenrieder 1.

Yosaccharissa javana ( Fulgoridae).

Kirkaldy 5.

Humetopina kriigert (Asiracidae).

Breddin 1; Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kruger 3;
Perkins 1: Zehntner 13.

Pulvius peregrinator (Miridae).

Kirkaldy 11.

Heronax saccharivora (Derbidae).

Kirkaldy 2.

Tcerya seychellarum |==Dorthesia seychellarwm == Coccus
sacchari, &c.|, (Coccidae).

Charmoy 1; Coquillett 1; Delteil 1; Guérin 1; Hart-
mann 1; Howard 6; Kriiger 3; Maskell 5; Riley
and Howard; Roth 1; Signoret 1, 2; Westwood 3a.

“Lecanium” guerinit (Coecidae).
Guérin 1; Signoret 1.
L. wceryt, vide Pulvinaria.
“L.” kriigerv.

Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Loxerates adusta (Aphidae).

K6ningesberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13, 30.
L. sacchari.

Eeckart 1; Kirkaldy 7; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3;
Perkins 9; Zehntner 13, 20.

Nesosteles hebe (Tetigoniidae).

Kirkaldy 4.

Ninus stylatus (Myodochidae).

Kirkaldy 4.

* According to Distant, the true Dictyophora pallida is found on
Sugar Cane, oe

Odonaspis secreta, var. saccharicaulis [ Aspidiotus| (Cocei-
dae).
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 10, 138, 14.
Oechalia grisea (Cimicidae).
Kirkaldy 12, 14; Perkins 1; Swezey 1, 3.
O. kaonohi.
Kirkaldy 4.
Oliarus saccharicola (Fulgoridae).
Kirkaldy 3, 4.
Oregma lanigera [Ceratovacuna| (Aphidae).
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13, 27, 30.
Peregrinus maidis ( Asiracidae).
iekart W. Kirkaldy 2. 5,. 6.
Periscopus, vide Cyrtorhinus.
Perkinsiella pseudomaidis ( Asiracidae ).
Kirkaldy 2, 4.
P. saccharicida.
Craw 5; Eckart 1; Kirkaldy 1, 2, 3, 5; Muir 3; Perkins
2, Oe Ven Dime a,
P. sinensis.
Kirkaldy 1.
P. vitiensis.
Kirkaldy 1.
P. vastatria.
Deventer 4; Breddin 1; K6ningsberger 1; Kirkaldy 2,
5; Kriiger 3; Muir 4, 5; Perkins 1, 9; Zehntner 13.
P. spp.
Minar 3
Phaenacantha saccharicida [Colobathristes| (Myodochi-
dae).
Breddin 1; Deventer 4; Karsch 1; K6ningsberger 1;
Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Planchonia, vide Antonina.
Phenice maculosa, vide Proutista moesta and P. lumholtzi.
Physopleurella mundula (Anthocoridae).
Kirkaldy 15; Perkins 1; Swezey 1.
Proutista lumholtz (Derbidae).
Kirkaldy 1,

as
ww

P. moesta,
Deventer; Kirkaldy 1, 5; Koéningsberger 1; Kriger 3;
Muir 3; Perkins 1; Zehntner 13.
Pseudococcus, vide Trechocorys.
Pulvinaria iceryi | Lecanium| (Coccidae).
Berg 1; Guérin 1; Icery-1; Signoret 1, 2.
Pyrilla aberrans (Fulgoridae).
Kirkaldy 5, 6.
P. lycoides.
Distant.
P. perpusilla [== Dictyophora pallida].
Alcock 1; Kirkaldy 5, 6; Lefroy 7; Nicéville 2; Steb-
bing 1.
Pyrrhoneura saccharicida (Derbidae).
Kirkaldy 2, 4.
Ripersia sacchari (Coeecidae).
Aleock 1; Green 1; Stebbing 1.
Reduviolus blackburni (Nabidae).
Swezey 1.
R. capsiformis [= blackburni = innotatus |.
Kirkaldy 9, 13; Perkins 1; Swezey 1.
Saccharodite sanguinea (Derbidae).
Kirkaldy 5.
Saccharias deventeri (Derbidae).
Kirkaldy 5.
Saccharosydne saccharivora (Asiracidae).
Ballou 1; Johnstone 1, 2; Kirby and Spence 1; Kirk-
aldy 2; Kriiger 3; Lefroy 3; Westwood 1, 2, 3.
Scaptocoris talya (Thyreocoridae).
Champion 1.
Stenocranus pacificus (Asiracidae).
Kirkaldy 2, 4.
Targionia glomerata [Aspidiotus] (Cocecidae).
Green 2.
Teleonemia sacchari (Tingididae).
Fabricius 2.
Tetranura lucifuga (Aphidae).
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13, 30.

st.
*

Tetigonia albidomarginata (Tetigoniidae).
Karkaldy 3.
T. spectra [= albida].
Kirkaldy 2.
T. parthaon.
Kirkaldy 2.
Tomaspis [== Thomaspis!]| sp. (Cercopidae).
iEbart 1:
Trechocorys calceolariae |Dactylopius; Pseudococcus |.
(Coceidae ).
Kekart 1; Koningsberger 1; Kirkaldy 15, 17; Lefroy 8;
Maskell 1.
T’. saccharv.
Buseck 1; Charmoy 1; Cockerell 3; Green 2; Kirkaldy ;
17; Lefroy 8; Maskell 4; Perkins 9.
LES:
Zehntner 13.
Triatoma rubrofasciata (Reduvidae ).
Kirkaldy 15; Koningsberger 1.
Triphleps persequens (Anthocoridae ).
Swezey 1.
T’. pumilio.
Kirkaldy MS.
Tropidocephala saccharivorella (Asivacidae ).
Matsumura 1.
Zanula, vide Pyrilla.
Zeius renardu [== peregrinus| (Reduviidae).
Kirkaldy 9, 15; Perkins 1, 9; Swezey 1.
Halyomorpha guttula (Cimicidae).
Ellenrieder 1.
Nezara viridula (Cimicidae).
Ellenrieder 1.
Miscellanea.
KGningsberger 1; Zehntner 13,

ok
x

54
ORDER COLEOPTERA.

Adoretus umbrosus ( Lamellicornia ).
Deventer 4; Muir 3; Perkins 9.
Al Spee
Deventer 4.
Aegosoma reflexa (Longicornia ).
Eckart 1; Kriger 3; Perkins 9; Terry 6.
Aeolus cinnamomeus (Elateridae).
Perkins 1.
Anomala aerea (Lamellicornia).
Deventer 4.
A. atrovirens?
IxGningsberger 1.
A. sp.?
Deventer 4; Muir 3.
Anoplognathus lineatus (Lamellicornia).
Kriiger 3.
Aphanisticus consangquineus ( Buprestidae ).
Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Ritsema 1;
Zebntner 13, 16.
A. kriigeri.
Deventer 4; Ko6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 4.
Aplosonyx elongatus (Chrysomelidae).
Stebbing.
Apogonia destructor (Uamellicornia).
Bos 1; Deventer 4: Kobus 3; KXGningsberger 1 S Kriiger
3; Zehntner 5, 13, 17.
A. ritsemae.
Deventer 4; Kéningsberger 1.
Aramigus fulleri (Curculionidae).
Van Dine 2.
Archaioneda tricolor (Coceinellidae).
Muir.
Aulacophora sp. (Chrysomelidae).
K6ningsberger 1.
Calandra palmarum, vide Rhynchophorus.
C. sacchari, vide Sphenophorus.
Callineda testudinaria (Coccinellidae),
Swezey 1.

sb
*

Carpophilus dimidiatus and maculatus (Nitidulidae).
Perkins 1.

Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Malacodermidae).
Morgan 1.

Chilomeles sexmaculata (Coccinellidae).
Deventer 4.

Cleonus superciliosus (Curculionidae ).
K6ningsberger 1; Kruger 3.

Coccinella repanda (Coccinellidae ).
Perkins 1; Swezey 1, 4; Terry 6.

C. sanguinea.
Koebele 4.

Coccinellidae spp.
Deventer 4; Zehntner 27.

Coelophora inaequalis.

Collops quadrimaculatus (Malachiidae ).
Swezey 1.

Copris sp? (Lamellicornia).
Deventer 4.

Cryptolaemus montrouzierti (Coccinellidae ).
Perkins 1; Swezey 4.

Diaprepes abbreviatus (Curculionidae ).
Ballou 1; Watson 1.

Dinoderus minutus (Ptinidae).
Nicéville 2.

Elater noctilucus (Elateridae).
Kirby and Spence 1; Kriiger 3; Say 1.

Hlenchus tenuicorns (Strepsiptera).
Muir 1, 2.

Hopenthes konae (Elateridae ).
Perkins 1.

Hutyrrhinus meditabundus (Curculionidae).
Kriger 3.

Halticella sp.? (Halticidae).
Zehntner 27.

[aplosonyx, vide Aplosonyx.

Haptoncus mundus and tetragonus (Nitidulidae).
Eekart 1; Perkins 1, 9.

Heteronychus morator (Lamellicornia).
Deventer 4; Ko6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Mulder 1;
Zehntner 13, 17.
[lippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae ).
Kxoebele 4.
Hexagonia kirbyi (Carabidae).
KGningsberger 1.
HH. lucassent.
Koningsberger 1.
Hispa sp.? (Chrysomelidae).
Deventer 4.
Hispella wakkert (Chrysomelidae).
Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 4,
13:
A. sp.?
Deventer.
Holaniaria picescens (‘Tenebrionidae ).
Deventer 3, 4; Koningsberger 1; Kruger 3.
Holotrichia leucophtalma (Lamellicornia).
Deventer 4.
Homalota sp. (Carabidae).
Perkins 1.
Hoplosternus sp.? (Lamellicornia).
Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Roth 1.
HHypomeces wnicolor (Cureulionidae ).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Hypothenemus sp. (Scolytidae ).
Eeckart 1; Perkins 8.
FH. eruditus.
Blandford 1.
Itodacnus sp. (Elateridae).
Perkins 1.
Laemotmetus ferrugineus (Cueujidae).
Stebbing 2.
Lepidiota albohirta (Searabaidae).
Kriiger 3.
LL. squamulata.
Shelton 1; Tryon 2.

Leptispa pygmaea (Chrysomelidae).
Stebbing.

Ligyrus rugiceps (Lamellicornia ).
Comstock 1; Howard 1; Kent 1; Kriiger 3; Nicéville

2 Srapbe: ly: Pitus i; Tryon 1.

L. tumulosus.
Ballou 1; Watson 1.

Megilla maculata (Coecinellidae ).
Koebele 4.

M. vittigera.
Koebele 4.

Myllocerus isabellinus (Curculionidae ).
Kriger 3.

Myochrous armatis (Chrysomelidae ).
Theobald 1.

Neda abdominalis (Coceinellidae).
Perkins 1.

Opatrum acutangulum (‘Tenebrionidac).
Deventer 4.

O. depressum.
Deventer 4.

Orcus ovalis (Coecinellidae).
Perkins 4.

Oryctes rhinoceros (Lamellicornia).
Deventer 4; Muir 3; Zehntner 13.

Philonthus sp. (Staphylinidae ).
Perkins 1.

Platyomus lividigaster (Coceimellidae ).
Perkins 1.

Prosopus banksi (Cerambyeidae ).
Terry 6.

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Cureulionidae).
Kriiger 3.

R. sp?
D’ Urban 1.

R. palmarum
Avequin 1; Guilding 1; Kirby and Spence 1; Kriger 3;

Ormerod 2, 3; Westwood 3.

Scymnus spp. (Coccinellidae).
Koebele 4.
S. vividus.
Perkins 1; Swezey 4; Terry 6.
S. debilis.

Kirkaldy 15.

Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae).

Stebbing 2.

Sphenophorus obscurus (Curculionidae).

Eckart 1; Howard 4; Koebele 2, 3; Muir 3, 4; Perkins
9; Riley and Howard 1, 5; Smith 1; Terry 3,.4;
Tryon 1, 3; Whitney 1.

S. ferrugineus.

Muir 3.

S. sacchari, vide sericeus.
S. sericeus.

Avequin 1; Ballou 1; Guilding 1; Kirby and Spence
1; Kriiger 3; Lefroy 3, 4; Ormerod 2, 3; Watson 1;
Westwood 3.

Synonycha grandis (Coccinellidae).

Deventer 4.

Tomarus bituberculatus (Cryptophagidae).

Ormerod 3.

Verama frenata (Coccinellidae).

Swezey 1.

V. furefera [= sp: |.
Swezey 1.

V. lineola, vide strigula.

V. strigula.

Swezey 1.

Xyleborus affinis (Scolytidae).

Blandford 2.

NX. perforans.

Ballou 1; Blandford 1; Cotes 2, 6; Deventer 4; Riley
and Howard 8, 6; Koéningsberger 1; Kriiger 3;
Urich 1; Zehntner 13, 18, 25.

9 ae

X. piceus, vide pubescens.

X. pubescens.
Riley and Howard 2, 4.

X. sp.?
Stebbing 1.
A ylotrupes gideon (Lamellicornia).

Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Muir 3.

ORDER LEPIDOPTERA.

Acantholipes pansalis (Noctuidae). [also Dragana ].
Cotes 1, 2; Stebbing.
Achaea melicerte (Noctuidae). [also Ophiusa |.
Cotes 2; Stebbing.
Acidalia sp. (Geometridae ).
Deventer 4.
Agrotis interjectionis, vide Euxoa.
A. sp.? (Noctuidae).
Koebele 4.
A. dislocata, vide Feltia.
A. crimgera.
Swezey 6.
A. saucia, vide Lycophotia.
A. ypsilon,
Swezey 6.
Anerastia ablutella (Pyralidae).
Lefroy 7.
Anticyra, vide Dinara.
Aroa socrus (Bombyeidae).
Deventer 4.
Automeris sp. (Saturniidae).
Koebele 4.
Austosticha pelodes (Gelechiidae).
Swezey 8, 9.
Batrachetra rileyr (Elachistidae).
Swezey 8, 9.
Borer saccharellus, vide Diatraea saccharalis.
Borers (General).
Zehntner 12; Kobus 4.
Botys coclesalis, vide Pyrausta.
Casta licus (Castniidae).
Ballou 1; Marchal 2; Marlatt 1; Urich 2.

Chilo auricilia (Pyralidae).

Lefroy 7.

C. infuscatellus.

Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 1, 3; Tryon
Zehntner 13.

C. simplex [also as saccharalis |.

Aleock 1; Cotes 1, 2, 3, 4; Guénée 1; Kriiger 1; Lefroy
6, 7; Nicéville 1, 2; Peal 1; Stebbing 1.

Chilo, see also Dratraea.
* Cirphis unipuncta [== saccharivora| (Noctuidae).

Butler 1; Cook 1; Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kru-
ger 3; Swezey 6.

C. loreyr.

Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 15.
Cnaphalocrocis bifurcalis (Pyralidae).

Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriger 3; Zehntner 15.
C. medinalis [== jolinalis].

Deventer 4; Kriiger 3.
Cosmopteryx pallifasciella (Elachistidae ).

Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 4,
13, 20.

Creatonotus gangis [| Phissama] (Bombyeidae).

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

Cryptoblabes aliena (Phycitidae).
Swezey 8, 9.
Cyllo leda (Rhopalocera).

Deventer 4; Kobus 6; KGningsberger 1; Kriiger 3;
Zehntner 13.

“Dancing Moth” (Tineidae).

Swezey 8, 9.

Deiopera, vide Utetheisa.
Diatraea saccharalis t (Pyralidae).

Avequin 1; Ballou 1; Beckford 1; Bojer 1; Bordage 1;
Buick 1; Cockerell 1; Comstock. 1, 2: Cook -1:
D’Urban 1; Fabricius 1; Guilding 1; Hamilton 1;
Hein 1; Howard 2; Hughes 1; Kirby and Spence 1;
Koebele 4; Lefroy 1, 2, 3; Mackenzie 1; Morgan 1;

+ == Phalaena saccharalis = Chilo saccharalis = Proceras
sacchariphagus and saccharifagus == Borer saccharellus.

Morton 1; Ormerod 1, 2, 3; Porter 1; Riley 1; Riley
and Howard 6; Stubbs 1; Stubbs and Morgan 1;
Thompson 1; Westwood 4, 5.
D. striatalis.
Deventer 4; Hadi 1; Kobus 1; Kolk 1; K6ningsberger
1; Kriiger 2, 3; Roth 1; Snellen 2; Tryon 1; Yama-
saki 1; Zehntner 3, 13, 31.
Dinara combusta [Anticyra and Phalera| (Bombycidae).
Deventer 4; Kobus 6; K6ningsberger 1; Iriger 3.
Discophora celinde (Rhopalocera).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kruger 3
oe

Dragana pansalis vide Acantholipes.

; Zehntner 38,

Dreata petola (Bombyeidae ).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

Ephestia cautella (Phyctidae).
Ko6ningsberger 1; Zehntner 27.

Hrechthias sp. (Erechthiadidae ).
Kriger 3; Zehntner 15.

Ereunetis flavistriata (Tineidae).
Swezey 8, 9.

LH. minuscula.
Swezey 8, 9.

HL. pilosata.
Swezey 9.

EL. muriella.
Swezey 9.

Huproctis flavata (Bombyeidae).
Deventer 4.

EY. minor.
Deventer 4; Koéningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

Huxoa interjections | Agrotis| (Noctuidae).
Deventer 4.

Feltia dislocata (Agrotis) (Noctuidae).
Swezey 9.

Grapholitha schistaceana (Tortricidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 1, 3; Tryon 1;

Zehntner 13.

Halsidota sp. (Bombycidae).
KXoebele 4.
Hesperia conjuncta (Hesperiidae).

Deventer 1, 4; Kéningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

H. mathias.

Deventer 1, 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

H. philino.

Deventer 1, 4; Kroningsberger 1; Kriiger 3.

Heliophila unipuncta, vide Cirphis.
Laelia subrufa ( Bombycidae).

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger
L. adara | Procodeca}.

Deventer 4; Kéningsberger 1; Kriiger :

Laphygma frugiperda (Noctuidae),
Kriiger 3; Stubbs 1.

Leucania loreyi, vide Cirphis.

L. saccharivora, vide Cirphis unipuncta.

Leucophlebia lineata (Sphingidae )

Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger :

wv.

Lycophotia saucia (Agrotis) (Noctuidae)
Swezey 6.

Mancipium nepalensis (Rhopalocera).
Cotes 2; Stebbing 1.

Mycalesis mineus (Rhopalocera).
Deventer 4; Kéningsberger 1; Kriger

“Noctua gossypii” (Noctuidae),
Fabricius 1.

Nonagria exitiosa ( Noctuidae).
Kriiger 3.

N. inferens.
Nicéville 2.

N. uniforms.
Lefroy 7.

Omiodes accepta (Pyralidae).

Eckart 1; Koebele 3; Perkins 9; Swezey

O. continuatalis,
Swezey 3.

O. epicentra.
Kekart 1; Perkins 9.

oO.

ew)

»
(a)

ee
.

; Zehntner 13.

9
oO.

Ophiusa melicerta vide Achaea.
Opogona aurisquamosa (Tineidae).

Swezey 8, 9; Walsingham 1.
O. apicalis.

Swezey 8, 9.
O. dimidiatella.

Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
O. fumiceps.

Swezey 9.
O. subcervinella.

Walsingham 1.
O. saccharella. ~

Swezey 8, 9.
Pamphila augias (Hesperiidae).

Deventer 1, 4; Kéningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
~P. dara.

Deventer 4; Kriiger 3.
Phalacna saccharalis, vide Diatraea.
Phalera combusta, vide Dinara.
Phissama interrupta, vide Creatonotus gangis.
Polyocha saccharella (Pyralidae).

Lefroy 7.
Proceras sacchariphagus, vide Diatraea saccharalis.
Procodera adara, vide Laelia.
Psalis securis (Bombycidae).

Deventer 4; Kobus 6; K6ningsberger 1; Kriger 3.
Pyrausta coclesalis [Botys| (Pyralidae).

Deventer 4; Kéningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.
Remigia frugalis (Noctuidae).

Deventer 4; K6ningsberger 1; Kruger 3.
Scirpophaga curtflua [= intacta] (Pyralidae).

Aleock 1; Lefroy 7; Nicéville 2; Peal 1; Stebbing 1;

Deventer +; Kriiger 1, 3; Tryon 1; Zehntner 13.

S. chrysorrhoa.

Kriiger 3.
S. excerptalis.

Aleock 1; Peal 1; Stebbing 1.
S. monostigma,

Kriiger 3.

Sesamia nonagriodes (Noctuidae).
Bordage 1, 2; Deventer 4; Howard 7; Kriiger 2; Zehnt-
ner 19.
S. albiciliata vide nonagrioides.
Sphina labruscae (Sphingidae).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Guilding 1.
Spodoptera mauritia (Noctuidae).
Deventer 4; Eckart 1; Perkins 9; Swezey 2, 6.
S. pecten.
Deventer 4.
“Tortrix saccharifaga” (Torticidae).
Delteil 1.
Utetheisa pulchella (Deiopeia) ( Bombycidae).
Koningsberger 1.

N. B. The contents of two apparently important papers
are unknown to me, viz., Ragonot 1; Snellen 1.

ORDER HYMENOPTERA.

Parasites (general).
Ballou 1; Kobus 2: Espeut 1, 2; Koningsberger 1.
Ants (general).
Barty 122:
Ablerus pulchriceps (Chaleidoideae).
Zehntner 23.
* Ageniaspis sp. (Chaleidoideae).
Swezey 3.
Alaptus immaturus (Mymaridae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6).
Anagrus frequens (Myrmaridae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6); Muir.
Anomalon sp. (Ichneumonidae ).
Deventer 4.
Apanteles scirpophagae (Braconidae).
Nicéville 2.
Aphelinus mali (Chaleidoideae),
Zehntner 30.
A. simplex.
Zehntner 8.

Bracon nigrosignatus (Braconidae).
Deventer 4.

Cardiocondyla wroughtoni (Formicidae ).
Perkins 1.

Centistes americana (Braconidae).
Perkins 1; Swezey 1.

Cephalotes cephalotes ( Formicidae).
Schomburgk 1. ;

Ceraphron beneficiens (Proctotrypidae).
Deventer 4; Zehntner 5.

C. abnormis.
Swezey 7.

Chaetosticha nana (Chaleidoideae ).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 3.

Chalcis carbonaria (Chaleidoideae).
Deventer 4.

C. sp?
Zehntner 20.

C. obscurata | obsurata! |
Swezey 3.

Chelonus blackburni (Braconidae).
Swezey 3.

Closterocerus tricinctus (Chaleidoideae ).
Deventer 4; Zehntner 16, 20.

Cotesia flaviceps.
Cotes. 3, 4.

Cryptid sp. (Ichneumonidae ).
Perkins 1.

Derostenus albipes ( Chaleidoideae ).
Deventer +; Zehntner 20.

Dielis formosus [== septemeinctus].
Froggatt 1; Tryon 4.

Dorylus orientalis.
Aleock 1; Peal 1; Stebbing 1.

Eehthromorpha maculipennis (Ichneumonidae).
Swezey 3.

Ecthrodelphax fairchildu (Dryinidae).
Perkins 1.

Elasmus sp. (Chalcidoideae).
Zehntner 26.

Encarsia flavoscutellum (Chaleidoideae).
Deventer 4; Zehntner 27.

Hulophus femoralis (Chalcidoideae ).
Deventer +; Zehntner 4.

Hurytoma sp. (Chaleidoideae).
Swezey 3.

Formica analis vide Megaponera foetens.

I’. cephalotes, vide Cephalotes.

F’. rufonigra, vide Sima.

F. omnivora, vide Monomorium. *

F’, saccharivora, vide Lasius.

F. vinsonnella.
Dufour 1.

Gronatocerus cingulatus (Mymaridae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6).

(ronatopus (Dryinidae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6).

Goniozus indicus (Dryinidae).
Nicéville 2.

Haplogonatopus vitiensis (Dryinidae ).
Swezey 7.

Hemiteles (Braconidae).
Kirkaldy 10, Perkins 1.

Ichneumon koebelei (Yehneumonidae).
Swezey 6.

Labolips (Proctotrypidae).
Zehntner 23.

Lasius saccharivorus (Formicidae).
Castles 1; Kirby and Spence 1; Schomburgk 1.

Leptogenys falcigera var. insularis.
Swezey (not recorded).

TIamnerium blackburni (Braconidae).
Swezey 3.

Macrocentrus sp.
Deventer 4; Zehntner 26.

* Heiton omnivorum (which ought to be called #, coecum)
is quite a different form.

sb
ES

M. niéevillei.
Nicéville 2.

Macrodyctium omiodivorum (Braconidae).

Swezey 3.

Megaponera foetens [analis| (Formicidae).

Kirby and Spence 1.

Melittobia hawariensis (Chaleidoideae).
Swezey 8, 9.

Microdus hawaticola ( Braconidae).
Swezey 8, 9.

Microgaster sp. (Braconidae).
Deventer 4.

Monomorium floricola (Formicidae).
Perkins 1.

M. omnivorum.
Kriiger 3; Schomburgk 1.

Odynerus nigripennis (Vespidae).
Swezey 3.

O. spp.
Swezey 8, 9.

Ooctonus australensis (Mymaridae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6).

Ootetrastichus beatus (Chaleidoideae).
Muir.

Ophion antankarus (Ichneumonidae).
Bordage 1; Howard 7.

O. mauritir.
Bordage 1; Howard 7.

Paranagrus optabilis (Mymaridae).
Muir; Perkins 3 (pt. 6).

Paraphelinus xiphidii (Chalcidoideae ).
Perkins 3 (pt. 8).

Pheidole megacephala (Formicidae).
Perkins 1; Swezey 8, 9.

Physcus flavidus (Chaleidoideae ).
Zehntner 21.

Pimpla hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae).
Swezey 3.

Pison sp. (Crabronidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

Pleurotropis thoracica (Chaleidoideae).
Zehntner 20.

Polistes aurifer (Vespidae).
Swezey 3, 4.

P. hebraeus.
Swezey 3.

P. macaensis.
Swezey 3.

Polynema reduvioli (Mymaridae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 6).

Prenolepis bourbonica (Formicidae).
Perkins 1.

Prospalta tristis (Chaleidoideae).
Kriiger 3; Zehntner 7.

Pseudogonatopus saccharetorum (Dryinidae).
Perkins 3 (pt. 7).

Sceliphron caementarium (Vespidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

Sierola dichroma (Bethylidae).
Swezey 3.

S. molokaiensis.
Swezey 8, 9.

Sima rufonigra (Formicidae).
Roth 1.

Tapinoma melanocephala (Formicidae).
Perkins 1.

Tetramorium guineense (Formicidae)
Perkins 1.

Tetrastichus sp. (Chaleidoideae).
Zehntner 27.

Trichogramma pretiosa (Chalcidoideae),
Koebele 4; Swezey 3,

se
*

69
ORDER DIPTERA.

Chaetogaedia monticola (Tachinidae).
Swezey 35, 6.

Chaetopsis aenea (Ortalidae).
Howard 5.

Diplosis acarivora (Cecidomyiidae ).
Deventer 4.

Drosophila sp. (Drosophilidae).
Perkins 1.

Hristalis punctulatus (Syrphidae ).
Perkins 1.

Huaesta annonae (Ortalidae).
Eckart 1, Perkins 1, 9.

Frontina archippivora (Tachinidae).
Swezey 3, 6.

Leucopis sp. (Agromyzidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

Masicera sp.? (Tachinidae).
Deventer 4.

Phytomza sp. (Phytomyzidae).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Koéningsberger 1, Zehtner 4, 15.

Pipunculus juvator (Pipunculidae).
Perkins 1; Swezey 4.

P. terryt.
Perkins.

Sarcophaga sp. (Sarcophagidae).
Perkins 1.

Syrphid sp. (Syrphidae).
Deventer 4; Zehntner 30.

Tachina sp. (Tachinidae).
KXoebele 4.

Tipula sp. (Tipulidae).
Deventer 4; Koningsberger 1; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.

Volucella obesa (Syrphidae).
Perkins 1.

Xanthogramma grandicornis (Syrphidae).
Swezey 4.

70
CLASS ARACHNIDA.

Acart (unnamed ).
Boger 1; Bancroft 3; Hooker 1; Michael 2; Roth 1, 2.
“Acarus sacchari.”
Nicol 1; Cameron 1.
* Argyope avara (Araneidae).
Kirkaldy 10; Perkins 1.
© Argyrodes argyrodes (Therididae).
Kirkaldy 10.
* Artema sisyphoides (Pholeidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
Bavia aericeps (Salticidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
Cyclosa sp. (Araneidae).
Perkins 1.
* Dysdera crocata (Dysderidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
Hrigone vagans (Araneidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
* Hasarius adansoni (Salticidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
[Heteropoda regia (Clubionidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
Histiosoma rostroserrata ( Aearina).
Michael 1.
* Lycosa sp. (Lycosidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
* Mollica microphthalma (Salticidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
* Pagiopalus atomarius (Misumenidae).
Kirkaldy 10; Perkins.
Piytoptus sp. (Aearina).
Zehntner 13.
* Piexippus paykulli (Salticidae).
Kirkaldy 10.
* Proernus schauinslandi (Misumenidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

* Scytodes marmorata (Sicariidae).

Kirkaldy 10.

* Smeringopus elongatus (Pholeidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

Tarsonymus bancrofti (Acarina).
Bancroft 1; Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Michael 1; Zehnt-

ner 13,

* Tetragnatha mandibulata (Araneidae).
Kirkaldy 10; Perkins 1.

Tetranychus exsiccator (Acarina).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13, 28.

* Theridion tepidariorum (Theridiidae).
Kirkaldy 10.

Tyroglyphus longvor (Acarina).
Roth 1; Fumouze 1.

CLASS MYRIAPODA.

Scolopenudra subspinipes.
(Not recorded).

CLASS CRUSTACEA.

Paratelphusa maculata (Deeapoda).
Deventer 4; Kriiger 3; Zehntner 13.

PARASETES, OR ARTIFICIAL CONTROL

( Not classified above. )
Compere 1.
Craw l16:
Espeut 1.
Froggatt 2, 3.
Howard 8.
Kirkaldy 18, 16.
Koebele 1.
Marchal 1:
Mead 5.
Silvestri 1.

The following references have not been classified above, for
various reasons, either because they are too general in character,
because I have not seen them, or for other reasons.

Fleutiaux 1.
Eforner 1,
Johnstone 2.
Kxotinsky 1.
Mead 1, 4.
Newlands 1.
Oli a:
Perkins 6, 8.
Ridley 1.
Terry dee.
Turnbull 1.
Turner 1.
Whitney 2, 3.

SUMMARY OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Order Genera Species
JNCENTa 0) 01s ae ee 4 7
Oirthopterates cic css es: 24 35
Diiysamombera. cu kes ass 7 10
EMUNPUGRS, 265 scsi s sco 5s ait 81
Cileopiera:s.6 boss hese es 65 89
iepidopierar (oso. 22sec. : 50 81
GleaMenOMteRa. 2.04.0. e s = 67 7
MDD UER Aeros sie wee bees 15 18
JIMSISC) erg yee gan PR 289 400
JANG el OWa CO Rape a 24 24
Grouistalceaia a se. <a oa: il 1
MimiapOdar 0.5 1. oe oa: if 1

315 426

These figures are not exact, as several of the species are not
positively determined.

N. B.—Throughout for “Koningsberger,” read “Konings-
berger.”’

- BULLETIN No.
+ Rs, f

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

~Hawalian SuGar PLanTeRS' ASSOCIATION

By F. MUIR

HONOLULU, HAWAII.
‘DECEMBER 16, 1910.

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 1911. :
ED. EIN NE Neeser ae soy se President
A. CLIVE: (DAVIESS (es. Seas Vice-President *
W i703 3S MIG eck tt artes tee Secretary-Treasurer
ES JE WARREN ais eile -s toy ee -Assistant Secretary- Treasurer
GEO:.H. 2ROBERTSON <2... Auditor
Ws WAL DROING 2 88 oo Sr coir aoe a tte ass J. P. COOKE :
S:aNE (DAM O Nees kate potas te eek eee E. F. BISHOP
JM ADOW:S Balad, acs ta ens oe SOs ee W. PFOTENHAUER

EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE

E. E. PAXTON, Chairman

J. W. WALDRON J. M. DOWSETT
A. GARTLEY A. W. T. BOTTOMLEY

L. J. WARREN, Secretary

EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF

VOPR ites, =( Od 5G 5 1 Ret Sey Se M8 St a ES ate ag arth Director

BRS Ge ele FIRING Sein .tacs apr ek ao abs aren nee arate Entomologist

NOEL DEERR sik ot: ctghc cos oO. ice aca aer. ee Sugar Technologist

Pa ae SEY ON Geers ccna epee ee cree oeare wee peels Pathologist

PRS SE nS] Et Cal Ce ills fo IR Me AL eran ra Chemist

FRANKS EVANS ite obey oe oteug Sao slob os Agriculturist

PCE HC OUENES BAGS Eirsactras tages x Bec Poa lee saeus aap ota a Consulting Entomologist
RASS NORRIS se cpccuate n bate bisiere oaks oe ge peta. Assistant Chemist

F. R. WERTHMUELLER...... Pa ear Assistant Chemist
ASE GIOR DANG ca yontetmcie cee ators gee tte Assistant Chemist

We SisS ey ACRALCUNIGE oss tae ah ie ce te Assistant Chemist

|e ORI Um ad Ue Ys aia oe SER SEA Mi eg rea ath Assistant Entomologist
OTA So VE ZY wk. fo eect ootlotens ORO cie seat Assistant Entomologist
Le 1.5 He ae ain Chey oe eae Sem arora net hdl Assistant Entomologist
VEE) 9 Fra NY = oy Sy eee A AYR Smt UE aba RE re Assistant Pathologist
9 Fete Po 25) 0] SOS re, tapas wea Sipe it le pp Sieh Assistant Agriculturist
DACAIBRODERIG ere 0 oaths iterc ss ei eae hn ass Field Foreman

Ce fare open er Delf] Bal ida sara Seater Cashier

WAY ORR EEO lid Bora schools, one k soces wate ea ee ened Illustrator

CRA A RRIER EIN Site Ne secant el ote er oh a cid kaa renee Clerk

JR SME IANP Tae sci os ocorneae e cape erate Fertilizer Sampler

ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES. BULLETIN No. 9

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HawaliAN SUGAR PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION

On Some New Species of Leat-Hopper
(Perkinsiella) on Sugar Cane.

By F. MUIR

HONOLULU, HAWAII.
DECEMBER 16, 1910.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To the Experiment Station Committee of the

Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association,

Honolulu, Hawaii.

Dear Sirs: I herewith submit for publication, as Bulletin No.
9 of the Entomological Series, a paper prepared by Mr. F. Muir,
entitled: “On Some New Species of Leaf-Hopper ( Perkinsiella)
on Sugar Cane.”

Yours very truly,
Cal. ECKART,
Director.

Honolulu, Hawaii, October 19, 1910.

ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF LEAF-HOPPER
(PERKINSIELLA) ON SUGAR CANE.

PERKINSIELLA Kirkaldy.

This genus was erected by Kirkaldy for saccharicida in 1903.
It differs from Dicranotropis in the first joint of antennae being
broader at the apex than at the base and both joints somewhat
flattened, not cylindrical, also in the presence of two spines on
ventral margin of pygophor. The genus 1s particularly attached
to sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), only occasionally going
on to other grasses. The thirteen known species are distributed in
the following manner :—

New Guinea 6, Amboina 3, Ceram 1, Java 4, Borneo 3, Aus-
tralia 2, I*iji 2, Hawaiian Islands 1 (introduced), China 1.

From this it appears that it is a Malayan genus with its center
in New Guinea. Considering the amount of sugar cane taken
from island to island in native boats, it is surprising that some of
these species have such a restricted range.

The males are best distinguished by the genitalia, otherwise the
species may be separated as follows:

1. Frons concolorous.

in bo

Frons darker between eyes than below.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum lighter than
frons and clypeus. fuscifrons

Vertex, pronotum, and = scutellum not lighter

than frons and clypeus. 3

3. Veins on tegmina apparently white, sparsely

granulated. vastatriy

Veins on tegmina apparently dark, closely gran-

ulated. 4

4. Median, radial, and cubital cells clear; longi-
tudinal markings on femora very faint. amboinensts

Median, radial, and cubital cells dark; longi-
tudinal markings on femora plainer. lalokensis

10.

A
Spur on hind leg same color as tibia. 6
Spur on hind leg darker than tibia. 9
Tegmina divided into two longitudinal parts by

the median, 5th cubital, and all cells posterior

to them (including clavus) being dark; all

anterior clear. bicoloris
Tegmina not so colored. 7
Pattern on tegmina formed by brown and yellow

on clear cells. varie gata
Pattern on tegmina formed by brown on clear

cells (no yellow ) 8
Pattern on tegmina on 5 and 6 apical cells,

granules on veins pallid and fine. saccharicida
Pattern on tegmina on 6 and at each end of 5

apical cells, making curved pattern; gran-

ules on veins dark and coarse. SULCNSIS
Scutellum concolorous. 10
Lateral parts of scutellum darker than middle. 11
Tegmina almost immaculate, some of apical veins

lightly infuscate ; granules inconspicuous and

very sparse. VItleNsis
Tegmina with granulation darker and coarser

(all females brachypterous ). graminicida
Antennae concolorous, dark. papuensis
Antennae not concolorous. WA

Head and thorax light, veins on tegmina
sparsely and finely granulated. pallidula

Head and thorax dark, granules on tegminal

veins closer and coarser. rattle

saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903, Entom. NOG V L179:

I have one male specimen from Viti Levu, Fiji, probably im-
ported from Queensland with cane. It is possible that New
Guinea species will eventually be recorded from the same locality,

as much sugar cane has been imported direct from that locality.

—s

vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. H. 5. P. A. Ent. I, 406.

if)
3. graminicida Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. H. S. P. A. Ent. I., 406.
4: smensis Karkaldy,. 1907, Bull’ FovS. Pl A: Ent te

I have one macropterous female specimen from Telok Ayer, West
Borneo, that agrees with the Chinese males, except that the dark
mark runs down apical cell 6 instead of 5.

5. pallidula sp. nov.

Female macropterous. Antennae, frons between eyes, clypeus,
lateral edges of pronotum, and scutellum, light brown; frons be-
low eyes, vertex, pronotum, and scutellum between lateral keels,
and rest of thorax and legs yellowish. Pleural spot very

faint. Anterior and intermediate tarsi, band on anterior and
intermediate femora, and spur, blackish. Abdomen, yellow-
ish. Tegmina, hyaline; clavus, light brown; dorsum, white

with dark spot before end of anal vein; dark brown at base and
near apex of 5, and greater part of 6 and 7 apical cells, leaving a
light spot near apex of these cells; veins, light, sparsely studded
with brown granules. Length of female 3 mm, 4 mm.*

Habitat, Pontianak, Borneo, on sugar cane. This comes near to
P. sinensis, but I have specified it, as it is much more uniform and
light in color. The presence of a dark band on the femora, and
not longitudinal marks, and the black spur distinguish it. The
granules on veins are less distinct than in sinensis, but more so
than in saccharicida.

6. rattle: sp. nov. (Fig. 1.)

*RFirst measurement front of vertex to end of abdomen, second
measurement to end of tegmina.

Male macropterous. Head, antennae, and thorax, brown;
frons between eyes, clypeus, lateral edges, pronotum, scutel-
him, and, ‘distal part first antennal joint, darker; keels
and spots on frons, lighter. Anterior and intermediate tarsi,
band on tibiae and spur, dark; also longitudinal marks on
femora, pleural spot, plain. Dorsum, inner margin or edge
of clavus, abdomen, black with brown markings along sides.
Tegmina, hyaline, suffused with light brown. Radial and
median cells, dark brown, running into central part of subcostal
cell. Apical cells 2 to 8, dark brown with light spots in 2 to 4 and
G to 7, also in radial and median. Veins closely granulated.
Anal tube with claw-like, curved spine; genital styles, large
antler-like, reaching beyond middle of pygophor, basal part thick
and slightly concave, with small protuberance in middle, distal part
flattish provided with blunt prong on outer side and apex drawn
out into two flat prongs. Ventral spines, thin, smooth, cone-
shaped, curved, touching in center, but not at base or tips.

Female macropterous, somewhat lighter in color than male,
especially the abdomen. Dark marks on tegmina confined to along
the apical veins, especially the distal part, and along base of 5 to
6 apical cells. Length, female, 4.5 mm, 6 mm; male broken.

Habitat, Laloki River, British New Guinea, on sugar cane.

This species comes near to /alokensis and amboinensis, but the
light frons below the eyes makes it easy to distinguish.

7. bicoloris sp. nov.

Female macropterous. Antennae, frons between eyes, clypeus,
lateral margins of pronotum, and scutellum, piceous brown,
with light spots on frons; frons between eyes and apex
of clypeus, white, with dark sub-apical line across former ;
vertex and pronotum and scutellum between lateral keels, yellow-
ish. Legs, light; posterior and intermediate tarsi and band on
tibiae, piceous, with longitudinal markings on femora. Pleural
dark spot, plain. Abdomen, dark, marked with light brown.
Tegmina, hyaline; dark on clavus; median, discoidal and 32 tO.
apical cells, dark along 1 to 4 apical veins. Veins finely granulate.
Only females taken, length 3 mm, 5 mm.

Habitat, Laloki River, British New Guinea, on sugar cane.

8. varicgata sp. nov. (Fig. 2.)

Male macropterous. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum, yellow-
ish brown, broadly whitish along keels; antennae, frons be-
tween eyes, and clypeus brown, former with light spots;
frons below eyes and apex of clypeus, white. Legs, white

anterior and intermediate tarsi and band on tibia, dark;
dark longitudinal mark on femora; spur, light. Pleural spot,
small. Abdomen, piceous, marked with brown. Tegmina,
hyaline; yellowish between dorsum and axillary veins and across
distal part of subcostal cell; between anal and axillary veins, basal
half of median and spreading into radial, 5 to 8 apical cells, also
along apical vein 2 to 4, dark brown; white spot at edge of 5 to
7 and across middle of 5 apical cells. Veins, light, granules ex-
ceedingly fine and sparse. Anal spines curved, pointing distally.
Genital styles large, reaching past middle of pygophor, horn-
shaped and twisted, without any lateral prongs. Ventral spines
large, reaching about to middle of pygophor, sub-cylindrical and
rounded at ends, swollen about middle, from which point they
divaricate. The pattern on wings and large ventral spines dis-
tinguishes this species.

Female macropterous, similar to male, except the abdomen,
which is hghter. Length: male 2.5 mm, 4 mm; female, 3.5 mm,
5 mm.

Habitat, Laloki River, British New Guinea, on sugar cane.

9
9. papuensis sp. nov.

Female macropterous. Antennae, frons between eyes, clypeus,
lateral edges of pronotum and scutellum, black, with light spots
on frons between eyes; frons below eyes and apex of clypeus,
white; sub-apical dark marks between keels on frons; vertex,
pronotum, and scutellum, yellowish between white keels. Legs,
whitish ; anterior and intermediate tarsi, band on tibiae, and spur,
black; dark longitudinal marks on femora. Large black pleural
spot. Abdomen, black. Tegmina, hyaline, suffused with brown
on clavus; dorsum, white; black dot at end of anal vein; apical
cells 5 to 8, and running into discoidal and median cells, dark
brown, also along apical veins 1 to 4; white spot at apex of 5 to 8,
and center of 5, apical. Veins, thickly studded with dark granules.

This is a very distinctly contrasted species represented only by
a female. Length, 3.5 mm, 6mm.

Habitat, Laloki River, British New Guinea, on sugar cane.

10. vastatrix (Breddin ).

| have specimens of both sexes of this species from Java, West
Borneo, Amboina, Piroe (Ceram), and Laloki River (British New
Guinea). There is a distinct darkening of the wing pattern as we
pass eastward.

The spine on anal tube is bifurcate.

11. lalokensis sp. nov. (Fig. 3.)

Males macropterous. Head, antennae, thorax, and legs, brown,
with small lighter spots on frons. Apex of first antennal joint,
black. Lateral margins of pronotum and scutellum, dark. Large,
black pleural spot. Anterior and intermediate tarsi, and apex of
tibiae, banded with black. Tegmina, hyaline, suffused with brown.
Dorsum, white to end of.clavus; black spot on apex of anal vein.
Apical cells 4 to 8, and along apical veins 1 to 3, dark brown, con-
tinuing into distal part of radial, median, and inner discoidal cells;
light spot in distal cells 6 to 8. Veins, dark, finely granulated.
Anal tube large, with a pair of straight, somewhat bulbous spines
reaching beyond middle of pygophor. Genital styles, broad, flat-
tish, distal end cut off square, outer edge giving out blunt prong
half way down and inner edge small blunt knob. Ventral spines,
thin, touching from base to tip.

Female dimorphic, macropterous forms similar to male, except-
ing abdomen which is lighter; brachypterous forms lighter with
the spot at apex of anal vein and a spot at end of radial cell.
Length, males 3 mm, 5 mm; females, 5 mm, 6 mm; brachypterous
females 4.5 mm, + mm.

Habitat, Laloki River, British New Guinea, on sugar cane.

12. amboinensis sp. nov. (igs. + and 5.)

Males macropterous, markings on head and thorax similar to
lalokensis, but lighter, especially the leg: Tegmina, brownish

S:
hyaline. Apical cells 4 to 7 and base of 3 dark. also along apical

veins 2 to 3, light spot in apical cells + to 7. Dorsum, whitish to
end of clavus, spot at end of anal vein, faint. Veins, dark, finely
granulated.

Pygophor approaching lalokensis, anal tube with a pair of
curved, claw-like spines pointing distally. Genital styles, broad,
flattish ; distal end and prong on outer edge less square than in
lalokensis. Ventral spines, thin, diverging near apex.

Female macropterous ; tegmina often slightly darker than male;
light spot in apical cell 4+ sometimes missing. Length, male,
3 mm, 4.5 mm; female, 4 mm, 6 mm.

Habitat, Island of Amboina, on sugar cane.

13. fuscifrons sp. nov.

Pronotum and scutellum, light brown, darker on lateral edges,
keels whitish. Vertex and frons, brown, slightly lighter be-
tween eyes than below; keels, small spots on frons, and a line
across apex, whitish; clypeus darker than frons. Front and
intermediate tarsi and bands on tibiae, dark; femora, dark. Black
pleural spot. Tegmina, hyaline, yellowish between axillary vein
and dorsum; dark spot at end of anal vein; dark along tips of
apical veins; base of apical cell 5 and across apical cell 6. Only
females taken. Length, 2.5 mm, 4 mm.

Habitat, Island of Amboina, on sugar cane.

The frons and clypeus darkening towards the apex, together
with the light dorsal and dark ventral aspect, distinguishes this
species.

PHACALASTOR.

Phacalastor pseudomaidis Kirkaldy, 1906, Bull. H. S. P. A. Ent.
1. 408, was placed by its author in the genus Perkinsiella (1907
Role SA erat We 136, Plate XTi. Figs. 1-2) on ac
count of the pair of ventral spines, but the specimen examined
and figured had the oedeagus abnormally extruded and laying on
the prolongation of the ventral edge of the pygophor, the two
spines seen belong to the oedeagus. This pygophor is of the same
type as P. koebelei Kirkaldy, so I place them together again in
that genus.

‘ e

ety Nex 6

» sts

a .
a eh aes Onde

wo e

7
a

REPORT OF WORK
OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

of: 5 OF THE s
HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

“ats

_ Parasites of Insects Attacking | _
—. Sugar Cane ot

_By R. C. L. PERKINS
) f of

| HONOLULU, HAWAII
1912

AS, oe See yes
nate wate oe

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION
OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 1912

Feo Mis SWANZY oie ace eee President

= Pra) Saeed G10 1 OU 6G apie MU Ra SS on Grane. Soares Vice-President

Wi O5-- SMCS Ss ol tae takers eh ee Secretary- Treasurer

Bese WAL REINS vege oh hc atts te tars Assistant Secretary-Treasurer
GEO: A: ROBERTSON Sa Auditor

F. A. SCHAEFER E. D. TENNEY

A. W. T. BOTTOMLEY E. F. BISHOP

J. M. DOWSETT W. PFOTENHAUER

EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE
GEO. F. DAVIES, Chairman
J. W. WALDRON : E. E. PAXTON

A. GARTLEY F. KLAMP
L. J. WARREN, Secretary

~
EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF

Gigi ECAR IE 3h Fie Rok Gea tae er oe esas oS Director
Pee Gere PE RIRING Oe onan fiery «cs iene ee Entomologist
NGEE ODE ERIS sists ore. sotiaaraey ghtere ote aes Sugar Technologist
Flee phe MEO Nee ita ei chahe Sak his gere SE g Pathologist
ero ECM ct ater a canon lates teres ind nip iets tte Chemist
5 |e Satan AV Cl mall mere ge OI Bahr Ney enteral Gate Nes et. Agriculturist
Figcod SNGORR Sa erp ree So ae A eight eke ie es Technical Chemist
Pe. WER TAM UEBBEER® 25. sooyen jee: Assistant Chemist
PAS eS Eai OUER EDN cs0 eS id 5 lel ae B love ends Shee Assistant Chemist
AL ois OE BEE tsa iaisteectai te vie Pace soe te Consulting Entomologist
(O05 PS RON Fe eo" id ON A ek tits ce EAE Y eee Assistant Entomolcgist
ei CORR estas et, Chara Sept Soe ane or ets a eer ol Assistant Entomologist
S50 AK ERS A We 8 ain tot on Sn i Assistant Entomologist
Bd) EPR IN os 5, sct tebe nl Sictoete ele aida Benton Assistant Pathologist
ALDEN; “GO SPEARED ns meee eae Assistant Pathologist
We RC IN AEN Ska tule se cares, 5d ae wma Assistant Agriculturist
DG “BRODERICK weer Field Foreman
Ens Re EE GE icc neces aoe kek ae tea Sub-Station Superintendent
C-C37Ra re © fap) SA De ee 7 Uae aN ead Sree Cashier
Wiha: hte PO To ERC osu tnig si Oe ae UR Wlustrator
Bs PGES ENE) SCR Oe a Aare Neato ee ee Clerk
SARAH J. CUNNINGHAM............... Stenographer
avahe I eA NIP AE ec ea ee nae Fertilizer Sampler

(eas: Ry

ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES BULLETIN No. 10

REPORT OF WORK
OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION
OF THE
HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

Parasites of Insects Attacking
Sugar Cane

By R. C. L. PERKINS

HONOLULU, HAWAII
1912

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To THE EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE OF THE HAWAIIAN
Sugar PLanters’ ASsocraTION,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

Dear Sirs:

I herewith submit for publication as Bulletin No. 10, of the
Entomological Series, an article by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, Eno-
mologist, entitled: “Parasites of Insects Attacking Sugar Cane.”

Yours very truly,

Cyr ECAR.
Director.
Honolulu, February 26, 1912.

Parasites of Insects Attacking
Sugar Cane.

By R. C. L. PERKINS.

In this Bulletin is described a number of very minute para-
sites, nearly all of which were bred from eggs of insects at-
tacking cane in countries other than these islands.

The American species were obtained by Mr. Koebele, when
investigating insects in the cane fields in Mexico, where he spent
a short time during the winter months of 1908. All the rest
were obtained by Mr. Muir in Fiji, China and the Mala)
islands. Many of these parasites are of great interest and im-
portance, since they are important agents in limiting the num-
bers of injurious species, which, if introduced into the islands
without their parasites, would be likely to cause great loss to the
sugar plantations. It has been advisable, therefore, to work out
these insects and put them on record, so that in the event of any
of the species which they attack turning up in the islands,
information would be at hand as to where to look for natural
enemies without delay. Although there is now a regular in-
spection of all imported plants and, without doubt, the vast
majority of injurious insects is intercepted and destroyed, yet
there are means of introduction which no inspection can pro-
vide against. Also there are some insects which are liable to
be passed over by the most shrewd inspector and against which
treatment by fumigation is ineffective. We know that in spite
of the fact that there has been a systematic inspection of intro-
duced plants for nine years, during the last few years numerous
new insects have appeared and become abundant. Because
this is the case there is no reason to regard inspection as futile,
for as has been said, there is no doubt that the majority of im-
ported species is thereby prevented from becoming established.
With the opening of the Panama Canal and with quick steamers
from Central America we may safely predict that an entirely
new lot of insects will be brought here, and that the duties of
inspectors will become still more onerous. Many of these in-
sects will be particularly dangerous, because we know that
species from the warmer parts of the American continent read-

ily become established and thrive here, whereas the native in-
sects of California though they have often been brought here,
generally fail to establish themselves. ‘This climate is evidently
not suited to them. Although cane is no longer imported into
the islands, yet many bad cane pests are by no means restricted
to cane, but may easily be brought with other plants. It is well
known that steamers have put in here from fiji carrying cane
on board, from which insects might easily have escaped to the
shore, although such cane is not landed. It is also known that
both on cane and on other plants, carried on deck, insect pests
are frequently numerous.. Mr. Muir has observed. this to be
the case with sugar cane carried on deck from Fiji, and Mr.
Koebele and myself noticed great quantities of fruit fly mag-
gots dropping from fruit carried on the deck of steamers, when
we were traveling along the Australian coast. These fruit-fly
maggots were crawling into cracks of the deck and pupating
there and some would certainly be likely to hatch out and gain
the shore at other ports. Quick travelling steamers may carry
even mature insects an enormous distance, so that they reach
new countries by flight, when in or near port. Mosquitoes were
still seen on board the ship on my last journey to San Fran-
cisco, five days after leaving Honolulu. On another journey
numbers of a Chinese moth were seen about the decks the whole
way to San Francisco. It would be very difficult and probably
impracticable to keep such things from becoming established in
a country suitable to them.

CHALCIDOIDEA

EULOPHIDAE

The species of this family here described belong to two sub-
families, the Eulophinae and Tetrastichinae. Only one species
Closterocerus javanus belongs to the former, and T suspect that
it is hyperparastic, attacking one or more species of the egg-
parasites of Delphacid leaf-hoppers, these parasites belonging
to the genus Ootetrastichus. The Tetrastichinae are chiefly
repr esented by the latter genus, of which seven new species are
here described. The members of this subfamily were supposed
by the late Dr. Ashmead to be hyperparasites, but it is now
known that many are primary parasites. They are of great
importance in the Oriental region in limiting the number of

various species of sugar-cane leaf-hoppers. Another Tet-
rastichine, Neotetrastichus mimus I cannot fit into any hitherto
described genus. It is superficially extremely similar to some of
the species of Ootetrastichus, but it has very different antennae.

Ootetrastichus.

Ootetrastichus Perkins, Bull. Exp. Station Hawaii, I, 263.

This genus was founded for the single species O. beatus Perk.,
of which only the female was known. It is remarkable in this
sex for the 7-jointed antennae, which possess in addition appar-
ently three ring-joints, or even sometimes have the appearance
of bearing four such joints.

Although O. beatus has now been under observation for seven
or eight years and has been bred generation after generation
for long periods of time, no male has ever been seen, either in
these islands, where it is fully established and now very common,
or elsewhere.

On the other hand the males of four other species, described
below are now known. In general structure they are like the
females, but even in life their sex would be easily recognized
by the enormously dilated scape of the antennae. These organs
are unlike those of the female, having two additional joints,
the complex nature of the ring joints being the same in each
sex. The scape of the male is ovate, long and large; there are
four elongate funicle joints, not usually differing very much
in length, and a distinctly three-jointed club. In one species
(O. holochlorus) the marginal vein is notably thickened and in
some males there is a sexual modification of the apical joint
of the front tarsi.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES

1. Antennae with 9 joints in addition to ring-joints (males)

BS asitens no Seicateneteeae snp arc een eC RRP er eae RES EA ROAR So 10
Antennae with 7 joints in addition to ring-joints (fe-
MANS ae lic clacton as. op aie Secale ee ee Seer Sans el tied aaa Pie}
Peondicoxae pale nov metallic sc... 6.6626 esse eee O
pondmeo acta Weta G Sarco Gis sta sec 'eis els «se clare 5

3. Mesonotum with conspicuous dark area in front, this
area metallic m dry examples... 5... 2... O. beatus

Mesonotum without metallic dark area in front.

va)

No)

10.

det

Lateral spots of abdomen distinct, propodeum with some
Infuscation it ie sek ie: sais sb heat eae ener O. tarsalis
Lateral spots of abdomen absent or inconspicuous, pro-
podeum entirely pallid ...............0O. holochlorus
Thorax and abdomen not wholly dark ............... 6
Thorax and abdomen wholly dark ...... ...O. metallicus
Thorax wholly metallic 7
Thorax largely pale, the propodeum mostly dark and
metallic, mesonotum with dark spots, ete. ....O. muiri
Basal half (or nearly) of abdomen pale (whitish or pale
VC Lowy 2 hts. Ae eases ee arenes oe Sa tens tees ois Ain eee 8
Basal part of abdomen somewhat paler than the apical,
but the paler part with. darker lateral markings.....
poses hades wit Bes see eceee Wie siciehe es states es) PUCLe@ames
First funicle joint extremely long, three times as long
as wide where Widest) <i.) ie.0% 25 0g 5 ten 22 oO MOmaanns
First funicle joint much shorter, at the most rather more
than-twice@as lone ps wide Ss s.2 6s ve tee ee
First funicle joint longer than the second, O. homochromus
First funicle joint subequal to the second, O. distinguendus
Hindy.coxae swale... scabies oe «sah cogeeenee der eae ome el
Hand tcoxaecdarks ice. Sees MP Rene Sere
First funicle joint subequal to the second. ..O. holochlorus
First funicle joint much longer than the second, O tarsalis
Whole thorax dark and metallic .............. O. basalis
Thorax pale with dark markings or at least with the
mesonotum on its posterior half pallid ............ 13
Mesonotum dark only near its front margin; seutellum
pale, at most slightly infuseate and not metallic, ab-
domen not wholly dark on the apical segments, O muiri
Mesonotum dark on fully its anterior half, scutellum
notably darkened and metallic, apical part of abdomen
wholly dark and metallic ...... . ova On pallidines

/ (1) Ootetrastichus holochlorus sp. nov.

Entirely pallid, yellowish, very probably green in life, the
head in dead examples generally darker than the thorax. The
thorax bears a few extremely small dark spots or infuscations ;
one at the hind angles of the pronotum and another close te

the tegulae are probably always present, black or nearly so.
Legs entirely pallid, except the extreme tips of the tarsi; apex
of the sheath of the ovipositor also dark. Neuration pale.

Antennae of the female with seven distinet joints, seape,
pedicel, three-jointed funicle and two-jointed club. Between
the pedicel and funicle there is an appearance of three ring-
joints as in O. beatus, the type, and in other species of the genus.
First funicle joint less elongate than is usual in the genus, only
about one and a quarter or one and a third times the length of
the second ; club rather longer than two preceding toints together
and slightly shorter than the first and second funicle joints
together,

Male with the scape greatly dilated, with rounded sides,
ring joints as in the female or even apparently four transverse
divisions visible; first funicle joint elongate, twice as long as
wide, but slightly shorter than the second, the four funicle
joints not differing much in length. The club is distinctly
three-jointed and is much longer than the two preceding joints
together, but not so long as the three preceding. The male
therefore has one distinct club-joint and one distinct funicle
joint more than the female, and apart from the antennal char-
acters differs from the latter in having the marginal vein
of the front wings much thickened or wider. The apical joint
of the front tarsi is also widened and black. Length .66—1.2
mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan, No. 280 (Muir). From eggs of
Delphacid on sugar-eane, either Perkinsiella saccharicida or
vastatrix.

(2) Ootetrastichus tarsalis sp. nov.

Pallid, flavescent, generally similar to O. beatus and O. ho-
lochlorus, the pattern of markings in most respects like these.

Head pale, each ocellus more or less enclosed in a dark ring.
Posterior angles of pronotum, the parapsides and axillae anter-
iorly, two spots at the base of the tegulae, an area on each side
of the middle line of the propodeum, black .or fuscous. Abdo-
men with five distinct lateral spots on each side, a pair to each
segment, the basal pair sometimes less evident. In the male the
fifth pair of spots are notably enlarged and tend to form a

fascia. The spot at the front of the parapsides is sometimes
faint or absent. No dark and metallic area on the mesonotum
in front. All the coxae pale. Antennae of female with first
funicle joint very long, about four times as long as wide, second
much shorter, about two-thirds as long as the first, and sub-
equal to the third. Antenna of male with the usual sexual dif-
ferences, the scape greatly dilated, the first funicle joint much
longer than is usual in this sex, very similar to that of the fe-
male, being slender and elongate, and very much longer than
the second, the latter and the two following not differing much
in length, but the second is much slenderer, the third and fourth
being subelliptie.

Fourth joint of front tarsi in the male much widened, black
and clothed with black hairs. Length .8—1.25 mm.

This is a very distinct species, the female being distinguished
from that of O. beatus by the absence of the dark metallic areas
on the front part of the mesonotum. The male differs greatly
from ©. holochlorus and other species, in the long first funicle
joint of the antennae and has the apical joint of the front tarsi
more highly modified.

Hab. Amboina (No. 445); host as in the preceding.
(3) Ootetrastichus muiri sp. nov.

Yellow (or probably greenish in life) becoming more sordid
after being mounted in balsam, and the head more reddish.
Conspicuous black thoracie marks are placed at the front of
the mesonotum, the hind angles of the pronotum, the anterior
angles of the parapsides, on the axillae, and between these and
the tegulae, as in O. beatus. There are also lateral abdominal
spots as in that species.

The metathorax (post-scutellum) and most of the propodeum,
including the middle and sides, are dark, as also are the hind
coxae and a large part of the mesopleura. All the dark mark-
ings are of a metallic green color in certain lights. The color
of the male is in general like that of the female, but the black
markings near the apex of the abdomen are more developed and
appear to form a dark band. Antenna of the female nearly
similar to that of O. beatus; in the male the seape is ovate,

enormously dilated, the pedicel about equal to the first or
second funicle joints, which are subequal, the first being three
times as long as wide or rather more than this. There are four
distinct funicle joints and three club joints. There are prob-
ably two ring joints, these having the appearance of being
three. Length 1.5 mm.

Hab. China, Shek Lung (Muir) ; eggs of cane Delphacid.

(4) Ootetrastichus basalis sp. nov.

Thorax metallic green, abdomen pale on about the basal half.
the apical part being dark and with metallic reflections. Legs
and antennae more or less sordid, and the head brown in balsam
preparation. Middle and hind coxae black or nearly so, and no
doubt metallic. Antennae of female with the first funicle joit
very long, about one and a half times the length of the elongate
second, and about five times as long as its own width near the
apex of the joint, third joimt rather more than twice as long as
wide; club nearly equal in length to the two preceding joints
together. Thorax microscopically longitudinally rugulose ; the
abdomen elongate, as long or longer than the head and thorax
together.

Male with the thorax wholly dark and metallic, the hind coxae
conspicuously so, except at the apices, which are pallid. The
abdomen is pale yellow or whitish basally, black or dark and
metallic on the apical segments. The antennae have nine dis-
tinct joints, scape, pedicel, four funicle joints and a three
jointed club, in addition to two or three ring joints. The scape
is ovate and of enormous size, being greatly dilated, the first
and second funicle joints are elongate, slender and subequal,
the two following are more robust, especially the fourth. The
marginal vein is normal, not noticeably thickened.

I have examined one female and three males of this species.
The latter are mostly more or less discolored. They appear to
closely resemble the female in color, but the abdomen is per-
haps more extensively pallid. Length .S—1.5 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); from eggs of cane Del-
phacid. :

(5) Ootetrastichus homochromus sp. nov.

Like O. basalis in appearance, the thorax and hind coxae
dark and metallic, the base of the abdomen widely, and the legs,
including the front and middle coxae, pallid.

This species is easily distinguished from O. basalis by the
length of the first funicle joint of the antennae, which is dis-
tinctly but not greatly longer than the second, and is oniy
about twice as long as its greatest width, subequal to the pedicel
or a trifle longer. Length 1.2 mm. The male is not known.

Hab. Amboina (Muir); from eggs of P. vastatrix.

O. homochromus var. dubiosus nov.

Like the preceding, but with longer first funicle joint, this
being distinctly longer than the pedicel, and also distinctly
more than twice as wide as long. Male not known.

Hab. Amboina.

(6) O. distinguendus sp. nov.

Like the two preceding in form and color but easily distin-
guished by the comparatively very short basal funicle joint,
the elongation of which is usually so characteristic of the genus.
This joint is a little shorter than the pedicel and of the same
length, or very nearly so, as the second funicle joint. Male
not known. Length 1 mm.

Hab. Amboina.

_ (7) Ootetrastichus pallidipes sp nov.

The thorax is metallic, the mesonotum in part at least, be-
ing paler than the pronotum or the hind part of the thorax, and
it has a more golden metallic color. The head is more or less
pale, though somewhat infuscate. The mesopleura and meso-
sternum are dark and metallic, as also the hind coxae, but all
the femora, tibiae and tarsi (except the tips) are pale, clear

yellow. The abdomen is paler on the basal segments than on
the apical ones, but the former have darker lateral infusea-
tions,

The antennae do not présent any striking character, the
first funicle joint being much longer than the second, the second
fully twice as long as its greatest width. The abdomen is long
and pointed at-the apex, not twice as long as the thorax, but
more than one and a half times as long; the ovipositor sheath
in the unique example is subexserted and black or nearly so.

The male which I refer to this species differs rather remark-
ably from the female, in having the hind part of the mesonotum
clear yellow and apparently not metallic. The whitish basal
portion of the abdomen bears a pair of blackish spots on each
side. The antennal characters do not differ much from those
of other species, the fourth funicle joint being evidently wider
and slightly shorter than the second. The head is yellow, un-
less discolored, Length 1.5 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); bred in company with 0.
holochlorus.

Vv (8) Ootetrastichus metallicus sp. nov.

Female entirely dark, the thorax metallic green, the abdo-
men dark brown or black, less conspicuously metallic than the
thorax and like the head becoming paler in balsam preparations.
The legs and antennae are more or less infuscate or smoky.

The pedicel, second and third funicle joints do not differ
much in length, the first funicle joint (not counting the ring
joints) is very long, about one and a half times the leneth of
the second or third, the club is as long as the two preceding to-
gether, its apical joint being much longer than the basal. Thorax
with very distinct longitudinal rugulosity, the scutellar grooves
very distinct. Abdomen elongate, when fully extended longer
than the head and thorax together. Length 1—1.2 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan, No. 280 (Muir); bred in company
with O. holochlorus.

Neotetrastichus gen. nov.

Head transverse, but rather large, the ocelli in a triangle,
the outer ones remote from the eye-margins, each being much
more distant from the nearest eye than from anterior ocellus.
Antennae nine-jointed with the one ring joint, the scape simple,
elongate, with a short basal pedicel, three funicle joints all
elongate and subequal, the pedicel also subequal to these, the
club elongate, three jointed, subequal to the two preceding joints
together, or a little longer than these, the apical joint terminat-
ing in a long spine, not much shorter than the rest of the joint.
The antennae are clothed, but not densely, with long hairs.
Thorax of the usual Tetrastichine structure, the mesonotum
without a median groove, the scutellum with two pair of
grooved lines. Front wings somewhat densely hairy, blunt and
broad at the apex, stigmal vein prolonged apically with three
or four cireular bubble-like granules; marginal cilia short, the
longest not more than one-quarter as long as the greatest width
of the wing. Hind wings very acutely pointed at the apex,
diseal cilia of apical portion very sparse. Abdomen somewhat
robust, subequal to the thorax in length; ovipositor sheath
stout, not extended behind the dorsum of abdomen. Female.

Neotetrastichus mimus sp. nov.

Thorax entirely dark, no doubt metallic in dry mounts, legs
and basal abdominal segments pallid yellow, apical segments
dark like the thorax. Antennae infuscate, pedicel more or less
pale, head pale more or less reddish, or orange in balsam; hind
femora dark at extreme base above.

Three funicle joints subequal, or the first very shghtly shorter,
second and third about three times as long as the greatest width,
first club joint twice as long as wide but much shorter than the
preceding funicle joint. Thorax apparently with excessively
fine surface sculpture, hardly visible even under high powers.
Neuration pale. Abdomen clothed with sparse dark hairs;
sheath of ovipositor dark. Female.’ Length 1.5 mm.

Hab. China, Macao; bred from Agromyza mining leaves cf
Vigna sinensis.

Closterocerus Westwood.

I assign to this genus a minute species of brilliant metallic
color, which in some respects differs in its characters from those
given by Ashmead, who was acquainted with a number of species
of the genus. The penultimate and antepenultimate antennal
joints are not transverse.

Closterocerus javanus sp. nov.

Metallic blue and green, in balsam becoming piceous, and
less brightly metallic. Legs pale yellow (at least in the female)
the coxae all dark, the hind femora also conspicuously dark, the
tips being pallid. Pedicel of antennae notably dark by reflected
light, the following joints paler.

Antennae of female eight-jointed with the ring joint, the
latter sometimes hardly distinguishable, except after treatment
with potash. The pedicel is large and elongate, longer than the
ring-joint and two following joints together; the fourth anten-
nal joint (counting the ring joint) is about as long as wide,
and smaller than the next following, the sixth is longer than
its greatest width, the seventh still more elongate, while the
eighth without including its spinose prolongation is as long as,
or longer than the seventh, and with this prolongation not much
less than twice as long.

The antenna of the male is almost like that of the female,
but the fourth and eighth joints appear rather longer, the latter
with its apical prolongation being a little longer than the two
preceding together. In both sexes the flagellar joints are
elothed with long hairs, longer than the joints bearing them.
They also bear sparse short spinose or scale like processes, the
longest of which is situated at the base of the spinose prolonga-
tion of the apical joint.

Thorax with conspicuous microscopical reticulation, the sur-
face shining. Wings not very densely hairy, the clothing ter-
minating basally in an angle before the base of the marginal
vein ; longest marginal cilia in length about one-third the great-
est width of the wing; submarginal vein shorter than the mar-
ginal; stigmal longer than the post marginal, a distinct round-
ish smoky spot occupying the middle of the wing from costal
to dorsal margin and including the stigmal vein; the latter

with a prolongation of four round bubble-like granules from its
posterior side before the apex; mediodiseal cilia absent from
the apical portion of the hind wings. Abdomen of the female
elongate-ovate, pointed, rather less than twice the length of the
thorax, brilhantly metallic (normally purple) at the base; ovi-
positor not or hardly exserted. Abdomen of inale about equal
in length to the thorax. Length .7—1 min.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan; in company with Ootetrastichus ;
bred from cane.
TRICHOGRAMMIDAE,

Two of the species of this family here described, were reared
from the eggs of Jassidae, attacking sugar-cane in Mexico.
One of these I cannot place in any of the numerous genera des-
eribed by Girault, who has done excellent work on the North
American species. This family has been divided into two sub-
families on the character of the hairs on the wing, but it ap-
pears to me than this division is unnatural, separating genera
that are really allied, and even as a matter of convenience is of
little practical use, since it is quite doubtful to which family
certain forms should be referred. ‘This is the case with the
genus Jassidophthora described by me. All the Trichogram-
midae known to me have a sessile abdomen, penetrated by the
thoracic phragma, and by the longitudinal thoracic muscles.
This is also the case with the Aphelininae of the family Eulo-
phidae and with certain of the Mymaridae, but is otherwise
rarely seen in the Chaleid series of families. The species of
Pentarthron here described, destroys the eggs of the very in-
jurious moth-borer, Diatraea saccharalis.

Westwoodella plebeia sp. nov.

Yellow, the head dark, sordid brown, meso- and metapleura
above the coxae conspicuously dark, like the coxae themselves,
trochanters yellow, the femora and tibiae embrowned or dark-
ened, the apical joint of all the tarsi black or blackish. The
basal abdominal segment above is more or less dark, as also is
the sheath of the ovipositor, and generally more or less of the
apex of the abdomen. Pronotum sometimes infuscate. Wings

hyaline, the apex of the submarginal vein blackened and with
a faint trace of infuseation below on the basal side of this dark
line, stigmal vein (except its apical prolongation) mostly in-
fuseate, the infuseation being continued narrowly downwards,
the whole forming a curvate dark marking, reaching the middle
of the width of the wing. Antennae 7-jointed, with a distinct
ring joint; the single funicle joint is elongate, and when seen
in its widest aspect is not much less than twice as long as wide,
the pedicel is very elongate, being much longer than the ring
joint and funicle together, but not twice as long as the funicle
joint alone. The club is subequal to the pedicel, ring joint and
funicle together, its basal joint at its widest is nearly as wide
as long, and is about equal in length to the following joint,
the apical joint is poimted and has a spinose apical prolongation
on each side; the club is much wider than the funicle joint.
The front wings are narrow, about three and a half times as
long as their greatest width, the longest cilia about two-thirds
as long as this width, the discal ciliation is irregular and not
dense, terminating beneath the stigmal vein, basal of which the
wing is almost free of hairs. The marginal vein is very long,
fully as long as the submarginal, the stigmal is moderately long
and is excised at the apex, so as to form two processes, one di-
rected transversely to the wing, the other directed apically. The
hind wings are covered with microscopic roundish infuscations
of the membrane, rendering them notably darker than the front
ones; they bear a single row of upright setae placed well within
the costal margin, but much nearer this than the dorsal, m ad-
dition to the longer hairs on or close to the costa; the spine
bearing the hooks, b¥ which the wings are united for flight, is
elongate and very strong. Abdomen stout, not elongate. Length
-75 mm.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Jan. 4th, 1908; from
Jassid eggs on sugar-cane.

Jassidophthora gen. nov.

Head rather large, the lateral ocelli remote from the eye
margins. Eyes with very short and sparse microscopic hairs.
Antennae of female 9-jointed} scape, pedicel, ring-joint, 3-
jointed funicle and 3-jointed club. Scape cylindrical, pedicel

large obovate or obeonical, nearly twice as long as the ring-joint
and funicle together, club as long or longer than the pedicel,
ring-joint and funicle together, three-jointed. The first funicle
joint might almost equally well be considered as a second ring-
joint, but it is very closely associated with the second funicle-
joint and generally continues the outline of the latter; third
funicle joint smaller than the second, which is the largest, and
all are short and transverse. Antennae of male hardly differ-
ent from those of the female.

Front wings not very wide, more than twice as long as wide,
where widest; submarginal vein greatly thickened on less than
its apical half, its basal slender portion subequal to the elongate
marginal vein, the stigmal vein shortish and robust, with acute
projection on the apical side. Discal ciliation consisting of
about a score of lines, where the wing is widest, two or three of
the lines more or less distinct from the others, especially two
near the middle of the wing, one of which originates from the
free end of the stigmal vein, the other below this and subparallel
to it, but even these lines only stand out clearly defined on their
basal part. On the costal half of the wing the cilia are quite
irregular. Hind wings with two rows of discal hairs, neither
of which is median in position. Abdomen ‘of female acute at
apex, elongate, longer than head and thorax together.

Jassidophthora prima sp. nov.

Face and front of head infuseate, the antennae more or less
darkened, but the short funicle is quite pale. Pronotum and
mesonotum black or nearly (or dark fugcous in balsam) the
mesonotum with a yellow median line, united with the yellow
hind margin; the axillae are dark, the scutellum, postscutellum
and propodeum (except at the sides) yellow. Abdomen more
or less sordid yellow or reddish, dark or black at the sides and
basally, by transmitted light with an appearance of obscure
bands. Color of male very similar, perhaps generally paler.
Coxae, basal joint of trochanters and the femora notably dark
to a large extent, the tibiae paler, but still somewhat infumate.
Wings clear hyaline with a distinct smoky cloud enclosing the
stigmal vein, on which it appears darkest, and subinterrupted
above the dorsal margin, where it is again quite distinct; the
wing basal of this is somewhat irregularly smoky. Longest

cilia of front wing about one-third to one-fifth as long as the
greatest. width of the wing, apparently longer in the male than
in the female. Scutellum with a pair of black bristles widely
separated and a pair of stronger ones posterior and interior to
these, but far in advance of the hind margain. Sculpture ex-
tremely fine and indistinct. Length .6-——.75 mm.

In life the dark parts of the insect are no doubt black, the
pale parts orange or yellow.

Hab. Mexico, Cuantla, Morelos; from Jassid eggs in cane.
(Koebele).

Pentarthron fasciatum sp. nov.

Flavescent, more or less orange in balsam, the apical seg-
ments and especially those immediately before the apex of the
abdomen blackish, so as to form a wide transverse dark band.
Wings clear hyaline, but with a large and conspicuous dark
basal area, extending across the wing to the tip of the stigmal
vein. In general structure, antennae, etc., this species is like
P. flavum of Hawaii, but the hairy clothing of the wings is
somewhat different. It is not yet certain, whether P. flavum
is identical with Trichogramma pretiosa. In P. flavum and
fasciatum alike, there are six hairlines in the field of the wing
from the costa to the line which rises at the apex of the stigmal
vein, this line being the sixth. In P. flavum between the fourth
and fifth hair line there are many additional hairs, in P. fascr-
atum, at most five or six and even only two or three. The hair-
lines between the one proceeding from the apex of the stigmal
vein and the dorsal margin are mostly very clear and distinct
in fasciatum, whereas in flavum there are many irregular hairs
between some of the lines. P. fasciatwm has in all about 13
distinct hair lines on the broad part of the wing toward the apex.
The hind wings are smoky basally and have a complete row
of diseal cilia from the stigmal region to the apex, nearer the
costal margin than the dorsal, at least on the apical portion of
the wing. Length .5 mm.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, from eggs of Duatraea
saccharalis, Dee. 11th, 1907 (Koebele).

MYMARIDAE,

This interesting family, of recent vears minutely studied by
Girault, has been divided into two subfamilies on the number
of joits in the tarsi. I do not attach the same importance to
this character as to the condition of the abdomen and thorax
and consider that allied form are widely separated by using it.
The further subdivisions utilized by Ashmead, whereby the gen-
era with sessile and subsessile abdomen are grouped together
is not natural and the subsessile forms should, unless further
subdivision is made, be placed with the petiolate ones. If the
Mymaridae be treated as a mere family in the Chaleid group,
the truly sessile forms make the nearest approach to the Tricho-
gramnmudae and Eulophidae (Aphelininae).

T should arrange the groups as follows:

1 (4) Abdomen sessile. with thoracic phragma and muscles

continued into the abdomen ........ AEDES. Alaptidae
2; (8): Larst five-jomted +240. ta pate haa soy o spae ta A Ome
3: (2 )r Warsi. four-jombede.,.. Wh nes nin ate Re nO Renae
4 (1) Abdomen subpetiolate or pedicellate, with small at-

tachment to the thorax and without a continuation of

the phragma and muscles ......... ......-Mymaridae
B- (6) Larsimtive-jomted ou) as.s0%s. ae enn peetes Ooctoninae
G15): Parsi, four-jointed “22.4 2s: s Ault a eae ete Mymarinae

In many of the species with elongate marginal vein, the api-
‘al portion of this vein is free from the costa, and is probably
in reality the stigmal vein, which nearly continues the marginal
in a straight line.

Gonatocerus.

This genus seems likely to be identical with Section B of
Ooctonus of Haliday. I have not seen any species of Ooctonus
that would be placed in his Section A. Ooctonus australensis
described by me, parasitic in the eggs of Teltigonia in Aus-
traha, is I think congenerie with Gonatocerus cingulatus from
the same country and with the American species here described.
All these have a distinctly petiolate abdomen, easily seen in
dry mounts, but often hard to observe in balsam-mounted ex-
amples. ‘The petiole is short and transverse and only slightly
longer in my Ooctonus australensis than in the others, quite

different from that of Polynema, which resembles the species
of Haliday’s section A. In my arrangement of the groups, as
given above, Gonatocerus and Ooctonus would fall in the same
group, as 1s probably natural, whereas in Ashmead’s arrange-
ment they are placed in different tribes.

(1) Gonatocerus rivalis Girault.
Girault, Tr. American Ent. Soe. X XXVIT, 257.

Mr. Koebele bred specimens, agreeing well with Girault’s
description, from eges of a Jassid attacking sugar-cane, and I
believe that the supposition of the latter, that his G. rivalis is
the parasite of some water insect will prove erroneous.

Hab. Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaea, Nov. 23rd, 1907. (Koe-
bele).

(2) Gonatocerus mexicinus sp. Nov.

Pitchy brown, the abdomen mostly black, the antennae en-
tirely dark, the two basal joints at most a little more pallid;
occiput, the parapsidal furrows, and sutures of the mesothorax
and base of abdomen paler, more yellowish; trochanters quite
pallid, but the femora are notably for the most part dusky ;
middle and hind coxae yellowish. Described from specimens
in balsam, as seen by reflected light. The color is probably
darker in examples mounted dry.

The antennae of the female are long and slender, the funicle
joints elongate, and differing little in length, the first appears
slightly shorter than the second, which is about equal to the
pedicel; the eighth funicle joint is slightly shorter than the
seventh, which is about two and two-thirds as long as its width
at the middle of its length. The club is as long as the eighth,
seventh and half of the sixth funicle joints together. In the
male the eight or nine apical antennal joints are about equal
to the whole length of the insect measured from the front of
the head; the pedicel is conspicuously shorter than the first
funicle joint, being about two-thirds as long as this, the second
funicle joint is also noticeably shorter than the first, the follow-
ing joints subequal, the antepenultimate antennal joint nearly
four times as long as wide. Front wing four times as long as

its greatest width, or rather more, the general surface ciliation
terminating in a point near the base of the marginal vein, the
longest marginal cilia on apical portion of dorsal margin about
one-half as long as the greatest width of the wing.

Sheath of ovipositor extended behind the apex of the dorsum
of abdomen to a length considerably greater than that of the
hind tarsi, or almost equal to the length of the abdomen.
Length 1 mm. excl. ovipositor.

Easily distinguished from G. maga Gir. by the relative dif-
ference in the length of the club, the very long ovipositor, ete.

Hab. Mexico, Chapultepec; bred from Jassid eggs in grass
eae i ge S )
Nov. 23rd, 1907, No. 2548 (Koebele).

(3) Gonatoceus koebelet sp nov.

Black, scape of antennae, all the legs and basal third of ab-
domen above yellow, pedicel of antennae more or less yellow,
but sordid. Front wings with a very distinct large smoky spot
occupying most of the apical fourth of their length, but not
quite touching the margins. Thorax and abdomen somewhat
shining, the former with microscopic reticulate sculpture, the
meshes of the reticulation on the seutellum large. Propodeum
with a median raised line. (Description thus far from dry
specimens).

Antennae of female elongate, 11-jointed, all the joints elon-
gate, the pedicel and second funicle joint about equal in length,
but the former much the wider; first funicle joint a little
shorter, the club is as long as the three preceding joints of the
funicle and on its wide surface is considerably wider than
these. The funicle joints differ very little in length, except
that the 8th is distinctly shorter than the 7th, the latter being
about twice as long as wide.

Antennae of male very long, all the funicle joints very long,
and differing very little in length, the first being slightly
shorter and. also stouter than the second; the antepenultimate
joint about three times as long as wide; pedicel distinctly
shorter than first funicle joint, but more than half as long as
this. Front wings about four times as long as their greatest
width, the surface ciliation terminating basally in a pointed

manner at the base of the marginal vein, the longest marginal
cilia (of the dorsal margin towards the apex) one-third as long
as the greatest width of the wing. Lower part of face, thorax
and abdomen very sparsely clothed with longish dark hairs.
Sheath of ovipositor extending behind apex of dorsum of ab-
domen for a length about equal to the three basal joints of the
hind tarsi, or rather less than half the length of the abdomen.
(Description from specimens in balsam). Length 1 mm. or
more, excluding ovipositor.

Differs essentially from G.rivalis Gir. in that the sixth funicle
joint is not small and shorter than the fourth, but is subequal
to the fifth and seventh.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, bred from eggs of Jassid
on sugar cane, Dec. 8th, 1907. (Koebele).

(4) Gonatocerus juvator sp. nov.

Black (becoming paler in balsam) the basal part of the ab-
domen and the legs yellow, the front and hind coxae, hind fe-
mora widely on the apical portion, and the hind tibiae very
conspicuously, black or dark. Seape and pedicel more or less
yellowish in part, especially in balsam specimens. Wings
noticeably, but lightly and evenly infuscate on their pilose por-
tion.

Antennae of female with the first four funicle joints con-
spicuously short as compared with the following four; the ped-
icel is fully as long as the two first together or subequal to the
fifth funicle joint. The first, second and third funicle joints
are subequal, the second narrower than the others, the fourth
is a little longer. The fifth to the eighth are subequal, the sixth
not being noticeably shorter than the fifth or seventh; the latter
twice as long as wide. Club subequal to the three preceding
joints.

Antennae of male with the funicle joints all nearly equally
elongate, the antepenultimate antennal joint being three times
as long as wide. Front wings with the longest cilia one-third
as long as the greatest width of the wing. The line of cilia
which dane ihe dorsal margin and runs Gnwardly to this ter-
minates basally at the same point as the fringe of the dorsal

margin, and does not meet the line of three or four cilia placed
beneath the marginal vein. Consequently somewhat less than
the basal half of the wing length is free from the general cov-
ering of hairs. Ovipositor not exserted beyond the dorsum of
abdomen. Length about 1 mm.

In color this species is somewhat intermediate between G.
brunneus Gir and its var. fenuwipennis, the antennal structure
being most like the latter. I do not think, however, that it can
be considered as a mere race of G. brunneus.

Ilab. Mexico, Cuantla, Movelos, bred from Fulgorid eggs
on sugar-cane Dec. 10th, 1907; No. 2549 (Koebele).

Polynema giraulfi' sp. nov.

Black, the abdominal pedicel yellow or reddish, the hind
ecoxae also reddish or vellowish brown, the femora and tibiae
are darker and infuseate, the apex of the former and base and
apex of the latter on all the legs sometimes, but more notice-
ably on the front pair, being paler; the basal tarsal joint of
all the legs pale. Second antennal joint more or less pale. Front
Wings with an antemedian transverse blackish fascia, and a
pair of anteapical blackish spots, one near but not touching the
costa, often of roundish shape, the other fainter and opposite
this, near, but not touching, the margin opposite. This latter
spot varies in size and intensity. Antennae long and slender in
the female, the seape with seale-like seulpture of raised lines, in
profile the margin appearing serrate, pedicel short and wide,
first funicle joint very long, hardly shorter than the second,
fourth, fifth and sixth wider than the basal ones and inereas-
ing in width, the sixth being long oval or subelliptic. the first
joint one and a half times the length of this; club longer than
two, but not so long as the three preceding joints. Male with
filiform antennae, longer than the whole insect, the joints of
the funicle all subequally elongate, parallel-sided, several times
as long as wide, excepting the apical joint which is pointed.
Front wings with punetiform, black, marginal vein; bhimt and
with the apical margin even slightly concave, the longest cilia
about one-third as long as the greatest width of the wing. Hind
tibiae distinctly serrulate, each tooth giving rise to a translucent

seta, basal joint of hind tarsi much longer than the three fol-
lowing joints together. Abdominal pedicel in lateral view of
equal height throughout. Length about 1 mm.

Hab. Mexico, collected amongst grass in cane-fields. (Koe-

bele).

Polynema eucharis sp. nov.

Yellowish brown or testaceous, transverse frontal ridge black,
abdomen darker than the thorax and darker on the more apical
segments than on the basal ones, the former being rather dark
brown. Legs yellow, tarsi more or less infuscate above. An-
tennae with the first three joints yellow, the two following less
clearly yellow and each with a minute basal black dot, three
following dark fuscous or blackish, the large club joint on its
wide surface, yellow.

The head and pronotum are sculptured or punctate and bear
a white pubescence ; the pronotum is long; the rest of the thorax
very smooth and shining, impunctate or nearly, the parap-
sidal furrows distinct. Abdominal pedicel very elongate, fully
as long or a trifle longer than the hind femora and concolorous
with these, rather narrower near the apex than at the middle,
many times as long as wide, the rest of the abdomen smooth
and shining, narrow, elongate-ovate. Ovopisitor slightly ex-
serted (in dry specimen).

Front wings rather more than three times as long as the
greatest width, very slender on more than the basal third, so
that the width at the base of the submedian fascia is not one-
third the greatest width of the wing, the apical margin blunt
and wide, their color white, the marginal vein nearly black,
and with a slight infuscation beneath it, a very conspicuous
dark fuscous, wide, submedian, transverse fascia, an equally
conspicuous but narrower anteapical one, the basal margin of
which is angulately indented about the middle and the apical
side is angulately produced opposite the indentation; on the
dorsal side the fascia is bilobed, so as to include a large white
spot. Longest marginal cilia (near apex of dorsal margin )
about one-third as long as the wing-width. Clothing of dark
hairs regular over the wing surface and continued basally to

beneath the marginal vein. Hind wings with numerous discal
hairs; a dark band beneath the marginal vein and a second one
occupying half the space between the former and the apex of the
wing, but the apex of the wing itself is clear for some distance.

Antennae of female long, slender, scape short, wide, only
about twice as long (including its basal pedicel) as its greatest
width; distinctly shorter than the first funicle joint; pedicel
about half as long as the first funicle joint, which is only about
half the length of the second, the third about one-fourth longer
than the second; fourth much shorter, between one-half and
two-thirds the length of the third, or about three-fourths the
length of the second; fifth a very little shorter than the fourth,
but stouter; sixth very conspicuously stouter than the fifth, and
about five-sixths its length; the fifth funicle joint is about
seven times as long as its width at the middle, the apex being
somewhat more dilated. Club very large, nearly two and a
half times as long as the width at the middle of its length, sub-
equal in length to the two preceding funicle joints. Length
about 1.5 mm. The antenna is described from balsam speci-
men, rest of the insect from dry mount.

Hab. Fiji, Suva (Muir).

ELomymar gen. nov.

Head transverse, ocelli in a very wide triqngle, each of the
outer ones about three times as far from the anterior ocellus
as from the eye-margin. Antennae of the female 10-jointed,
all the funicle joints very elongate, club-joint long and large,
about equal to three preceding joints together; antennae of
male 11-jointed. Pronotum extremely short, not or hardly
visible in dorsal aspect. Tarsi 5-jointed. Front wings very
narrow, dilated beneath the marginal vein on the dorsum, where
they are widest, beyond this (apically) the dorsal margin is
conspicuously sinuate; marginal cilia extremely long. Mar-
ginal vein long, continued into an elongate stigmal, which is
consequently very oblique, and is bent towards the costa at its
extremity; a submedian row of longish erect bristles, extending
far back from the tip of the wing but not reaching the region
of the neuration. First abdominal segment forming a short

but distinet petiole, the abdomen behind this ovate, pointed at
the apex, triangular in outline, with rounded base. Ovipositor
not evidently exserted.

Bomymar muri sp. nov.

Black or dark brown (becoming lighter in balsam) shining,
legs yellow, scape and pedicel of antennae more or less yellow,
or at least paler than the funicle (sometimes quite yellow in
balsam ).

Scape in the female widest (on its flat face) near the middle,
where it is obtusely angulated, the pedicel obeonic, evidently
longer than wide, shorter by one-third to one-half its length
than the very elongate first funicle joint, which is slightly longer
than the second. Three, four and five subequal, but the last
of these is conspicuously wider than the fourth, the sixth still
stouter, the seventh wider still, about twice as long as wide,
hardly shorter than the preceding, though appearing so, owing
to its greater width. Club subequal to the three preceding
joints together. Antennae of male very long and slender, ped-
icel much shorter than the first of the funicle joints, these all
very elongate and mostly not differing much in length, the first
distinctly widened on its basal part, the seventh funicle joint
about four times as long as its greatest width, or rather less.

Front wings about 12 or 15 times as long as the width beyond
the middle; a row of bristles on the apical part of the wing
along each margin, the bristles originating close to, and alter-
nating with, the long marginal setae; another row is placed
close to and just inwardly to each of these, while in the well de-
veloped submedian row the bristles are more or less irregularly
placed in the series. Sheaths of ovipositor at most very
slightly protruded beyond the dorsal extremity of the abdomen.
Length about .5 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan, bred from eggs of Delphacid, prob-
ably P. vastatrix,

REPORT OF WORK.
: eae set oF THES s hy : ae
EXPERIMENT STATION ee

eee ior. OF THE.=> Ege 3

Hawaiian SuGar PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION . . ey

—

PARASITES OF THE FAMILY |
S= PRVINDAL

BYR. C. Ly PERKINS
: 802077 |

HONOLULU, HAWAII. - se ce

SEPTEMBER 20, 1912. — . Ae ee

>See inci a

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES FOR 1912.

Bes SWAN Ze. o fo5 sate oem ome President .
U5UP GOOK Bits. cena cite sont Vice-President
Wis O20°S METAS setts rte tee one Secretary- Treasurer
Le OWARREN fis ccs Assistant Secretary-Treasurer
GEO. H. ROBERTSON........ Auditor
PAT SS GHAR BRN Afro weet se ea oe ee E. D. TENNEY
AAW isha BOT TO MEE Y sie come. Clute, Seontias E. F. BISHOP
DSM. (DO SEND cogs Ce us aia nate sees J. F. HACKFELD
EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE
GEO. F. DAVIES, Chairman
J. W. WALDRON E. E. PAXTON
A. GARTLEY F. KLAMP
L, J. WARREN, Secretary
EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF
CF SECKART a. ieee ons io Hoan eam poe. Director
RacGask. =| PBRIKINS hskect cence a obras Entomologist
NGE DR. DE BR ace tcc mnathoatere acne oe ae Sugar Technologist
PL IOV OWING Sr Saree Should oaks MN ee pe eet ae Pathologist
Se PREG cong ea ser cc I ee the oN Chemist
Fi Pe ANG BE tte Pe ere alk anette eee Ag Agriculturist
BeeS. NORRIS Seen dete ie et ereeae ham cbalatseccs Technical Chemist
Reon.) WE Per UO BEER ctarcoss ae. sine Assistant Chemist
AZ E-JOR DAN ike 3 CR Ae Risse aes Assistant Chemist
PCO EASE ESE Fi aii a oes Aree Welsh, «wits ee elets Consulting Entomologist
OT TOA SWE ZEN ee eet else o eecee etek Acting Entomologist
FOSM UR Ste ai See Sin, a ig ue es eee afc Assistant Entomologist
Je 'C, KERSHAW svt pe Sale pide cake Assistant Entomologist
ek DISPARGEN sean ses Sule c. aethas we Assistant Pathologist
ALDEN? Ts SREAREW 3 xhereie sau ae Assistant Pathologist
Wir eae INA QUUUTIN sro Se siette agrase Sale hrs Assistant Agriculturist
D-GiBRODE RIG Keep eiat es wie wikce SA eee, Field Foreman
FS REL BRED GE ee wikial ae cise kiremcneea ts Sub-Station Superintendent
CO-IE og Miya fey ge Le, ie Ir ae gS ee a eae Cashier
WR Re PORTER A ou: arp alae 13a hpreke aero peaks Illustrator
BO WAR RIE IN Beco icons mates arenas ae eer Clerk
Di IR MBEAN PAY ins ah Sa ae rae oy tenes Fertilizer Sampler

EMTOMOLOGICAL SERIES, BULLETIN No. 11

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HawallaNn SUGAR PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION

PARASITES OF THE FAMILY
DRYINIDAE.

By R. C. L. PERKINS

HONOLULU, HawWall.
1912.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To THE EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE OF THE HAWAIIAN
SuGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

DEAR SIRS:

I herewith submit for publication as Bulletin No. 11 of the
Entomological Series, an article by Dr. R. C. L. Perkins, Ento-
mologist, entitled: “Parasites of the Family Dryinidae.”

Yours very truly,

CE, ECKART

Director.

Honolulu, April 13, 1912.

PARASITES OF THF FAMILY DRYINIDAE.
‘By Rk, C. Lo PERKINS.

In Bulletin I (p. 3-69 and p. 483-499) and Bulletin IV (p.
9-55) an account was given of the interesting parasites of the
family Dryinidae. A number of figures was prepared by Mr.
W. E. Chambers to illustrate these Bulletins, but as they were
not completed until long after the letter press, they have never
been published. I have, therefore, completed the working out
of the material at present available and added some further gen-
eral remarks, in order that the former bulletins may be rendered
more complete, and that these excellent plates may now be pub-
lished.

In 1907 a classification of the Dryinidae by Dr. J. J. Kieffer
was published in ‘““Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum,” wherein the
family was divided into three subfamilies, Dryininae, Gonato-
podinae, and Anteoninae.

The characteristics there given for the separation of the sub-
family Dryininae are based on the shape of the stigma of the
front wings, which is narrow or lanceolate, and on the fact that
the hind angles of the pronotum do not reach back to the tegulae.
In the males of the Dryininae, however, as in all Dryinidae, the
prothoracic angles reach the tegulae, and I suspect that this is
the case in some females assigned to the subfamily, e. g., Boc-
chus and Chelothelius, though I have seen no specimens of either
genus, unless my Eukoebelcia be synonymous with the former.
Phorbas Ashm, must certainly have the pronotal angles and tegu-
lae meeting together. As to the form of the stigma, some genera
have this in a condition more or less intermediate between the
narrow, lanceolate-shaped ones and the large oval. This is the
case with Chelothelius and the females of Deinodryinus, the for-
mer of which should, I think, be removed from Kieffer’s Dry-
ininae and placed in his Anteoninae, where Deimodryinus be-
longs, as is clearly proved by its male, which has a larger stigma
and a form of antennae characteristic of the Anteon group.
Chelothelius is probably parasitic on one of the Jassoidea (as
evidenced by the structure of its chelae), a habit at present un-
known in the winged Dryinint,

The small group Emboleminae of Ashmead should be placed
as a subfamily of Dryinidae. Although the nervures of the

wings in Dryininae and Aphelopinae are often for a large part
effaced and colorless, their position can easily be made out. A
comparison of the figures of such diverse genera as Labeo, Em-
bolemus and Aphelopus, as drawn by Haliday (Ent. Mag. IV,
Pl. XVI, ‘Art.-LIJ1), those of Ashmead. (Mon. Proct. ), of Brues
(J. New York Ent. Soc. XVIII, p. 15), and those given in this
Bulletin, show the complete identity of the neuration throughout
the Dryinidae. In some species of Aphelopus, where the dis-
tinct neuration is most reduced, even the line indicating the
transverse cubitus is easily seen.

As I have previously stated, I consider the genus Gonatopus
s. 1. to be made up of groups entirely distinct phylogenetically,
and the description of the remarkable Gonatopus-like creature,
Dryinopsis simplicipes Brues, with 12-jointed antennae and sim-
ple front tarsi, confirms me in this opinion.

Little is known at present of the habits of the Emboleminace,
but my Australian genus Harpagocryptus was bred from Orthop-
tera (Grylloids) and as similar, but quite distinct, larvae of
Dryinidae have been found on very different Orthoptera in other
parts of the world, it is possible that most, if not all, of the
members of the Emboleminae are parasites on Orthoptera. It
is interesting to note that the elongate larval sac of Harpago-
cryptus and Aphelopus, so different from those of all other Dry-
imidae, is correlated with the possession of simple front tarsi in
the females. I have tabulated the few known genera of Embo-
leminae (so far as the females are concerned), but have omitted
Pedinomma, the position of which is quite doubtful. Algoa of
Brues must be extremely close to my Harpagocryptus. The
condition of the labial palpi I consider to be of great importance
in the wingless Dryininae of the Gonatopiform series, and con-
sequently members of this series fall into different tribes.

It is clear that the classification of the Dryinidae must at
present be based chiefly on the female structure, though the
males, where known, are useful, as affording a clue to affinities.
Of many species of Gonatopus s. 1. males are very rarely ob-
tained by breeding, so that many hundreds of the females may
be raised without a single male appearing. Some, however,
produce males more or less freely, while of some no males have
yet been obtained. In America Mr. Koebele bred and captured
many examples of various species of Eugonatopus and A gona-
topus, but not a single male was disclosed.

LS)

10.
lipte

= lis)

(C1)

7
TABEEY OF GROUPS OF DRYVINIDAE.

Front tarsi of both sexes simple not chelate.

Wingless or subapterous, or if winged with median
submedian and discoidal cells distinct, stigma
small or narrow; labial palpi 3- or 4-jointed,

anvennae with 12 or 13 joimts......%. Emboleminae
Females:
Antennae 13-jointed.
Prive Nene A acs ats rata eS: Ce oes on Embolemus West.
WHinErSeruCimientary trea: sh s geet. heats Olivon Cam.

Antennae 12-jointed.

Thorax as in Gonatopus, with a median stalk....
REP aero e he Metis aioe deed ce sats Dryinopsis Brues

Mesonotum small, but not forming a narrow stalk,

PMP USUO US they Aimee Sarl 'et gre niears sisal er ake? Algoa Brues
With rudimentary wings ...... Harpagocryptus Perk.

Winged, with large ovate or subtrigonal stigma,
only the subcostal and radial nervures well de-
fined ; antennae 10-jointed, labial palpi 2-jointed.

RP eh ciate Cu ee eee als o nna aes A phelopinae
Front tarsi of females chelate, antennae always
MGQe(Olmbe den art hotoet natn sera Soars sete ore Oks Dryininae

. (14) Stigma large, ovate, chelae rarely fully extensile

front trochanters small, not elongated but almost
like those of the other legs, (labial palpi 3-joint-
ed), chelar claw always without denticles..

8 a a ARGS ce PSO Ia = Sea Ee ar Anteonim

14. (13) Stigma narrow or lanceolate; front trochanters al-

ways different from the others, being elongate,
and often very long, chelae perfectly extensile,
chelar claw in many genera with lamellate denti-
cles; apterous species very numerous.

PO eabial walpies-jamaved! ssf. csi sess else ee ls Dryinint
loo leabtalrpalpie2=\omledy se... oe ee ta Gonatopodint

The males of the Emboleminae are little known, but in two
of the genera they resemble the Dryininae in venation and in

having only ten joints to the antennae. In the other groups they
are distinguished as follows:
Subcostal and radial veins distinct, but no median, submedian
or discoidal cells clearly defined; labial palpi 2-jointed,
Stioma Very lafoGias. Seg sees = wa eee A phelopinae

Basal cells generally and frequently discoidal cells distinct or
if the basal cells are defined only by hyaline nervures the
the stisma is natrow or lanceolate’... 2142... Dryininae

Stigma large and more or less ovate (labial palpi 3-joint-
Gd) ae aaa cata lee eee etoee hues lo cen seer a eee eee Anteonini

Stigma narrow or lanceolate, labial palpi 2- or 3-jointed.

Labial palpi 3-jointed; head never so strongly excavated pos-
CETIOUI Ye ecks wcities Se ten | aye. ROM Re eee Dryinint

Labial palpi 2-jointed; head always deeply emarginate pos-
TOTIOEIN acer trate rare tates fee sel tnant areas Gonatopodini
The males of the Anteonini are further generally easily sepa-
rated by the rather different nature of the insertion of the scape
of the antennae on its basal pedicel. The males of Dryimini and
Gonatopodini are sometimes extremely similar, so that males
of Dryinus and Gonatopus have been described by Ashmead
under one Genus Labeo. This latter genus was characterized
by Haliday as having short palpi, the maxillary three-jointed. I
have males of Gonatopus s. 1. with these characteristics, but
Labeo of Wieffer is placed in his table under genera with “palpes
maxillaires longs” and “‘palpes maxillaires de cing articles.” He
remarks further that I state that the male of Gonatopus s. 1.
(i. e. Labeo s. l.) has bare eyes, but I flnd no such statement
of mine, and have always known the eyes to be conspicuously
hairy. As to Chalcogonatopus, | have discriminated this by its
longer palpi, the labials being three-jointed, whereas the males
of Gonatopus s. 1. in Bulletin I (p. 22 and p. 33) are shown to
have shorter palpi and the labials only two-jointed. Consequently
the foot-note in Nieffer’s work, p. 13, should be deleted. The
male of Chalcogonatopus was not described at length because it
could not be with certainty referred either to C. optabilis or C.
decoratus (though doubtless belonging to one of these), and I

did not care to give it'a name, destined to become a synonym.
The structure of the thorax of the Dryinidae has been mis-
understood both by Ashmead and Wieffer. Thus the latter, in
referring to the Dryininae, in which the posterior pronotal angles

do not reach to the tegulae, remarks that “les propleures les
atteignent.” The prothoracic pleura, however, are far removed
from the tegulae and contribute largely to a lengthening of the
prothorax anteriorly, while the space between the hind angle
of the pronotum and the tegulae is occupied by the anterior part
of the mesopleura, almost exactly as in some Sphegidae. In his
figures showing the structure of Gonatopus, Kieffer, as did Ash-
mead in his descriptions, mistakes the hind lobe of the pronotum,
when this sclerite is divided by a transverse furrow, for a part
of the mesonotum. But the latter is formed in front solely by
a narrow stalk, easily separable from the pronotum, which is
movable upon it, and posteriorly a small scutellum is sometimes
defined, articulating with the propodeum (or fused metathoracic
and first abdominal segment) and also separable at the articula-
tion. As a matter of fact, the large pronotum of Gonatopus is
almost identical in structure with that of some winged forms,
and its development is correlated with the great development in
length of the front legs. It is interesting to note that in the
winged Dryinini the mesonotum, though wide for the most part,
is anteriorly narrowed into a small neck fitting into the prono-
tum, which is movable upon it. In some genera the parapsidal
furrows extend back from this neck, and if the parts of the
mesonotum exterior to the furrows be left out, a thorax ex-
tremely similar to that of Gonatopus results. But in full-winged
forms, as is natural, no such reduction of the mesonotum ever
takes place.

The close alliance of the tribes that I have recognized in the
Dryininae is shown by the extreme resemblance of males of such
forms as Neodryinus to those of some Gonatopus s. l.; and
Eukoebeleia makes a great approach in some respects to the
Anteonini. In making these studies I have critically examined
about seventy species of Gonatopus s. 1. and about fifty species
of winged forms, in addition to a large number of European
forms, winged and wingless. The greater number of these
having been bred, I would specially refer to two points: (1) The
variability of some species in color or sculpture, or both; (2)
the importance of the form and armature of the claw of the
chelae, which in the Gonatopiform species at once enables the
parasite to be determined as to whether it attacks a Jassoid or
Fulgoroid Homopteron. All the literature known to me on these
insects has also been examined.

The arrangement of genera described in the Bulletins of this
Station is as follows:

APHELOPINAE.

Aphelopus.

DRYININAE.
Anteonini.
Anteon, Paranteon, Chelogynus, Deinodryinus.
Dryinini.

Neodryinus, Paradryinus, Hesperodryinus, Chlorodryinus, Pero-
dryinus, Thaumatodryinus, Eukoebeleia, Apterodryinus, Eu-
camptonyx, Agonatopoides, Chalcogonatopus, Agonatopus.

Gonatopodini.

Echthrodelphax, Gonatopus, Dicondylus (Gonatopus m.), Pachy-
gonatopus, Epigonatopus, Pseudogonatopus, Paragonatopus,
Haplogonatopus.

In my table of genera (Bull. IV, p. 9) the following correc-
tions should be made:
4. (7) Labial palpi 3-jointed.
5. (6) Maxillary palpi 6-jointed.
a. (b) Chelar claw normal, with minute ante-apical tooth.

eae ae ip aan em re Rep 7 Apterodryinus
b. (a) Chelar claw strongly bent on the apical portion.....

CPE eek Oe ee re ee Eucamptonyx
6.) (5), Maxallary -palpr S-jointed ......~.. suk A gonatopoides

10. (11) Pronotum divided by a transverse impression.....
sat oe Re gate coats eae naga io 3 seen ano Paragonatopus

Li. (10) Pronetum mot so divided 4.5. .2..4% Haplogonatopus

On page 40 (seventh line from the bottom), for “fourth” read
“hith,
DRYININI

Paradryinus terryi sp. nov.

Black, the apex and sides of clypeus, the scape of the antennae,
their three apical joints and most of the one preceding these, pale
yellowish. Front coxae yellowish brown, dark at the sides, the
tips whitish, trochanters dark at the base, red apically. Front
femora red above, and beneath dark at the sides, tibiae pale

above. Middle and hind coxae and femora dark reddish, the
tibiae dull blackish; metatarsi more or less infuscate, the more
apical joints testaceous; apex of abdomen more or less pale.
Wings with only two dark fasciae, the narrow middle one being
confluent below with the basal one, the submedian cell being en-
tirely dark on its apical portion, the median cell clear at the apex.

Head dull, longitudinally rugose and with minute surface sculp-
ture; third antennal joint about twice as long as the fourth, the
latter and the fifth notably widened, the following ones being
considerably thinner. Pronotum longitudinally rugose, very
finely so on the disc, more strongly at the sides, and in front
with a lateral smooth, polished area. Mesonotum very dull, with
extremely fine sculpture medially between the parapsidal fur-
rows, which are distinct, and much more roughly sculptured
outside these. Propodeum above with regular longitudinal wrin-
kles, posteriorly and laterally strongly reticulate. Abdomen black
or nearly so, not red basally, very smooth and shining. Length
8 mm.

Somewhat resembles P. gigas, but very distinct by the color
of the wings, antennae and abdomen, and the quite different
mesonotal sculpture.

Hab. China, Hong Kong; a single example collected by the late

Mr. F. W. Terry.
Paradryinus javanus sp. noy.

Black, the face below the antennae pale, the scape and second
joint of the antennae in front yellow, the following joints brown-
ish or brownish testaceous, the apical joint clear testaceous. Legs
brown or testaceous, the hind and middle tarsi pallid, paler than
the tibiae. Pronotum rufescent along the hind-margin and at
the sides, the anterior margin very narrowly pale. Wings with
the usual three transverse fasciae distinct, the basal one being
well separated from the narrow median one by the hyaline apical
portions of the median and submedian cells.

Head dull, densely sculptured and with some fine longitudinal
wrinkles. Pronotum with dense, fine sculpture, mesonotum dull
with dense sculpture, distinctly smoother and sometimes a little
shining in the middle between the fine parapsidal furrows.

Propodeum reticulately rugose. Basal joint of front tarsus
distinctly longer than the fourth. Abdomen very smooth and
shining, the apex rufescent. Length 3-4 mm.

IZ
Judging from the three specimens that I have seen, this species
varies somewhat in sculpture and in the color of the antennae
and legs, the smallest example having the antennae of a testa-
ceous yellow and very little darkened. It is closely allied to the
Australian P. leptias, but that is easily known by the four pallid
apical joints of the antennae strongly contrasted with the dark
preceding ones, the less distinct separation of the basal and me-
dian fasciae of the wings, and the very dark femora and tibiae
of all the legs, while the middle and hind tarsi are also fuscous
above.
Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); bred from nymphs of Thana-
todictya (No. 317, 367 and 295).

GONATOPODINI
Pseudogonatopus nudus sp. nov.

Face, mandibles, and two basal antennal joints pale yellowish,
head above and the thorax bright brown, the mesonotal constric-
tion evidently paler or yellowish, femora more or less sordid
brown, the hind and middle tibiae and tarsi and all the trochant-
ers more pallid. Abdomen with the petiole black, a ferruginous
area behind this, the rest nearly black.

Head above concave, somewhat shining; antennae moderately
long and slender, third joint thin and very much longer than the
fourth, the apical joint dark. Pronotum with distinct transverse
furrow, shining, very feebly sculptured and without hairs, meso-
notal constriction dull, with very dense microscopic surface sculp-
ture; propodeum smooth and shining on the disc, posteriorly at
the sides very feebly transversely rugulose, the Wrinkles less defi-
nite in the middle, without erect hairs. Abdomen glabrous and
polished. First and fourth tarsal joints of front legs subequal,
the claw with about six well developed lamellate denticles.
Wensthie2 75) ain:

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); bred from a Dicranotropis
(No. 349) ; larval sac nearly uniform dark fuscous, placed near
the base of the abdomen of the leaf-hopper.

Pseudogonatopus hospes sp. nov.

Black, the face below the antennae and two basal joints of
these pale, the pale color of the face continued above the anten-
nae in the middle line and along the inner orbits. Front, middle

and hind coxae dark above, pale beneath and at the apex, front
trochanters more or less brown above on the thickened portion,
tibiae testaceous, the front ones darkened in front and behind,
tarsi testaceous; apex of abdomen pale; the hind femora have a
paler area between the darkened base and apical portion, while
the front ones except at the extreme apex are nearly uniformly
dark brown.

Head strongly concave between the eyes, minutely micro-
scopically sculptured, so as to be not much shining; antennae
longish and slender, the third joint one and two-thirds the length
of the fourth, or rather longer still, black the extreme base only
pale, the fourth hardly wider than it. Pronotum very distinctly
divided, with dense surface sculpture, appearing punctate under
a strong lens, mesonotal constriction with similar dense sculp-
ture, behind which the propodeum in front of the spiracles is
transversely rugose, as also on its posterior surface, while be-
tween these areas it is sculptured much like the pronotum. The
whole thorax is without any erect pubescence. Front coxae very
long, three times as long as high, the trochanters with long thin
basal stalk, the chelae normal for the genus, the claw bearing
about eight or ten well developed lamellate denticles, the ante-
apical marginal tooth of the lower side distinct. Abdomen with
minute, but distinct, microscopic sculpture, so that it is not highly
polished, almost without pubescence, the apical margins of the
segments generally more or less paler. Length 4 mm,

Hab, Java, Pekalongan, and China (Muir). This species was
established in the islands from cocoons sent from China.

Paragonatopus nigricans P.

To this genus and species must be referred the unique spect-
men described as Pseudogonatopus melanacrias. Mr. Muir has
taken this in Fiji, the original locality, and I have dissected out
and examined the palpi. It varies in color, the usually black pro-
podeum being sometimes red on the disc, while one example,
which appears specifically identical, has the whole thorax of a
bright ferruginous yellow.

GONATOPUS.

According to Kieffer this genus has four-jointed maxillary
palpi and is therefore the same as my Neogonatopus, while the

species of Gonatopus previously described by me should be re-
ferred to Dicondylus Hal.

Gonatopus anomala sp. nov.

Face pale, the mandibles and front of scape, yellow, the head
above dark brown, two basal joints of antennae pale, third in-
fuscate, the rest dark fuscous or black. Thorax brown, the pro-
podeum of darker shade than the pronotum, tarsi pale testaceous,
the femora and middle and hind tibiae darker, sordid. Abdomen
blackish, paler basally behind the petiole.

Head above shining and concave between the eyes, the anten-
nae with the third joint one and a half times as long as the fourth,
or more. Pronotum with some sparse erect hairs, feebly sculp-
tured, in side view simply convex above, the transverse division
being absent. Propodeum with very sparse, but distinct, erect,
longish hairs, shining above both in front of and behind the
spiracles, its posterior face distinctly transversely rugose. All
the femora with distinct, erect, pale hairs, first and fourth joints
of front tarsi subequal, chelae normal for Jassid parasites. Ab-
domen polished, clothed sparsely with distinct pale hairs. Length
3 mm.

This species is remarkable for the simple pronotum and _ is
doubtfully placed under the genus Gonatopus. The maxillary
palpi are very short, and perhaps there is only one joint beyond
fie hexane:

Hab. Fiji, bred from Jassid (Muir).

Dicondylus perpolitus sp. noy.

Deep black, for the most part highly polished. Face below
the antennae, and for a short way above these along the eye
margins, and the mandibles, pale. First three antennal joints
testaceous or the third more or less dark. All the coxae black
or nearly so and clothed with sparse pale hairs, the trochanters
and tibiae paler, the tarsi quite pale testaceous.

Head above with excessively minute microscopic reticulation,
which does not prevent it from being shining, the vertex with
sparse, short, white hairs.

Antennae moderately stout, the thin third joint about one and
a half times as long as the fourth. Pronotum with well marked
transverse division, very highly polished, the hind lobe with fine
indefinite punctuation; mesonotal constriction rugulose, the tho-

rax behind the constriction with evident pale hairs beneath and
at the sides, but above almost glabrous, posteriorly finely trans-
versely rugose, on the disc highly polished. Femora with short,
inconspicuous, pale hairs. Basal joint of front tarsi about equal
to the fourth joint, thin basal portion of front trochanters short,
chelae normal for Jassid parasites. Abdomen very smooth and
shining, with a few short and inconspicuous hairs. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir).
Dicondylus plebeius sp. nov.

Brown or ferruginous, the head above generally darker brown,
the abdomen black, but with a ferruginous spot behind the pedi-
cel; mandibles (more or less) and front of scape yellow, second
and usually more or less of the third joint of antennae testa-
ceous, the following joints black. Pronotum and other parts of
the thorax sometimes with darker markings. Front femora and
sometimes the tibiae more or less darkened, the apices of the
former pallid. Mesonotal constriction evidently paler than the
adjoining parts of the thorax.

Head above concave, usually not highly polished, though more
or less shining, clothed with erect hairs posteriorly. Third joint
of antennae about one and a half times as long as the fourth,
the latter considerably stouter. Pronotum and disc of the pro-
podeum highly polished, the mesonotal constriction dull, the tho-
rax bearing scanty erect hairs; the propodeum posteriorly very
finely transversely rugulose.

First and fourth joints of anterior tarsi subequal, chelae of the
usual type in Jassid parasites. All the femora with distinct
clothing of sparse erect hairs. Abdomen shining, sparsely clothed
with distinct erect hairs. Length 3 mm.

Closely allied to Gonatopus australiae, but distinguished by the
ferruginous propodeum with shorter hairs, and the distinct ab-
dominal pubescence, which is not confined to the base.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); bred from nymph of Jassid;
larval sac dull black, placed ventrally on the abdomen of the leaf-
hopper.

Dicondylus javanus sp. nov.

Black, the face below the antennae, and the scape in front yel-
low, the following antennal joints testaceous, the three or four
apical ones dark fuscous or black; trochanters, tibiae and tarsi

of all the legs pale, the front tibiae browner outwardly, the tro-
chanters sometimes marked with brown, apex of hind tibiae dark-
ened, the tip of all the femora pale.

Head above strongly concave, very minutely and closely sculp-
tured, so that it is not very shining, with a distinct fine median
raised line. Third antennal joint long and slender, one and a
half times the length of the fourth or rather more, fourth dis-
tinctly longer than the fifth, eighth about two and a half or
three times as long as wide. Pronotum transversely grooved be-
fore the middle, densely minutely sculptured, much more strongly
than the head; behind the transverse groove dull or nearly so, as
is the mesonotum and the propodeum, the latter finely trans-
versely rugulose posteriorly and also on the part in front of the
stigmata, without erect hairs on its dorsal surface. Front tarsi
with the fourth joint very little shorter than the first, fifth be-
neath with two rows of lamellate denticles on the apical part of
its thickened portion and the apical:curved part also armed with
denticles ; claw with a few fine hairs beneath, as usual in Jassid
parasites. Legs without erect pubescence. Abdomen very smooth
and shining with a very few short appressed hairs, the extreme
apex more or less red. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); bred from Deltocephalus ;
larval sac abdominal on mature leaf-hoppers, dark fuscous, dull
and densely sculptured, or minutely shagreened, more or less
variegated with pallid color.

ANTEONINI
Chelogynus cognatus P.

This species is synonymous with Prosanteon chelogynoides
(op. cit p. 66). .

The chelae being obscured with gum in the single carded
specimen, I misunderstood the true nature of the front tarsi,
until recently, when these were cleaned. This example differs
a little in color from the type of P. chelogynoides and was bred
from a different genus of Jassidae, but the differences seem too
small to be of specific value.

CHALCIDOIDEA
ENCYRTIDAE
Echthrogonatopus hawatiensis sp. nov.

Metallic green, the abdomen except at the base, the pleura
and propodeum purple. Front and middle tarsi, apical joints
of the hind tarsi and apex of middle tibiae yellow. Apex of
middle and sometimes of front femora and extreme base of their
tibiae also more or less pale. Antennae entirely dark. Front
wings blackish fuscous from near the base of the marginal vein
to the apex, the dark part including a large hyaline costal spot,
originating (on the basal side) at the apex of the post-marginal
vein and extending longitudinally nearly half the distance from
this vein to the tip of the wing, but transversely not reaching
its middle; opposite this on the dorsum is an elongate hyaline
area. At the extreme base the wing is again dark. A distinct
bare line runs obliquely from beneath the marginal vein in the
dark portion of the wing to become lost in an extensive bare
area in the hyaline portion.

Head dull, with minute surface sculpture, and a single row
of shallow punctures on each side bordering the inner margin of
the eyes. Antennae with the second, third and fourth joints
small transverse, fifth and sixth distinctly larger and also trans-
verse, club nearly as long as the funicle. Mesonotum shining,
with excessively fine microscopic surface sculpture, and a few
feeble punctures, thinly clothed with pale hairs; scutellum simi-
larly clothed, darker and duller than the mesonotum; pleura
shining. Abdomen with the usual group of long setae on each
side towards the base, which is very shining. Length 1.5 mm.

Allied to E. exitiosus of Australia, but very distinct. The
hairs on the eyes are very indistinct, 1f not altogether absent.

Hab. Hawaiian islands, Oahu; parasitic on Pseudogonatopus
perkinst.

Cheiloneurus javanus sp. nov.

Face, scutellum, the axillae, propodeum, pleura, and the middle
of the abdomen yellow and in parts whitish yellow; head above
sordid, the pronotum and mesonotum dark fuscous, submetallic
in some aspects, head behind the eyes and cheeks distinctly
metallic, base and tip of abdomen dark, the former brightly metal-

lic. Antennae pale yellow or whitish, with black club. Wings
hyaline at the base, infuscate from the base of the marginal vein
apically, but the dark part with a hyaline margin of irregular
width extending round from the region of the post-marginal vein
to the dorsum opposite this vein. The infuscation itself 1s darker
in some parts than others. Legs pale, the hind femora generally
a little darkened at the apex.

Ocelli in an isoceles triangle, of which the sides are about
twice the length of the base, the surface of the head between
the eyes dull, densely microscopically sculptured. Mesonotum
densely clothed with silvery short pubescence; scutellum sparsely
clothed and with the usual tuft of erect black hairs; mesopleura
dull. Abdomen shining metallic at the base. Length 1 mm.

Hab. Java, Pekalongan (Muir); parasitic on Paradryinus.
(No. 352).

Obs.—In my description of C. gonatopodis (Bull I, p. 261,
line 14), for “basal half” read “apical half.”

Rw uw RON

om BOD ee

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Pragre, i

Gonatopus haplothorax, female (Bull. Ent. H. S. P. A. Exp.
StationwlWe ap, 3a).

Agonatopus synchromus, female (Bull. IV, p. 33).

Haplogonatopus apicalis (?), male (Bull. I, p. 39).

Haplogonatopus americanus, female (Bull. I, p. 40).

A gonatopus ferrugineus, female (Bull. IV, p. 30).

PoAtes al.

Paradryinus venator, female (Bull. I, p. 55).
Neodryinus koebelei, male (Bull. J, p. 51).
Echthrodelphax bifasciatus, female (Bull. I, p. 49).
Paradryinus venator, male (Bull. I, p. 55).
Neodryinus koebelei, female (Bull. I, p. 51).

Prats 0:

Hesperodryinus arizgonicus, male (Bull. IV, p. 42).
Chlorodryinus pallidus, male, (Bull. I, p. 57).
Chlorodryinus pallidus, female (Bull. I, p. 58).
FHlesperodryinus amphiscepae, female (Bull. IV, p. 41).
Echthrodelphax fairchildii, female (Bull. I, p. 49).

Pras TV.

Chalcogonatopus leptias, female (Bull. IV, p. 17).
Paranteon myrmecophilus, female (Bull. IV, p. 46).
Deinodryinus paradoxus, female (Bull. IV, p. 46).
Chelogynus typicus, female (Bull. I, p. 61).
Apterodryinus torvus, female (Bull. IV, p. 14).

Prare 1,

Prare, Tl,

PrAre bie

|BAaNani IAs

| ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES BULLETIN NO, 12

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

Hawaiian SuGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

On Some New Species of
Leai-Hoppers

BY G. W. KIRKALDY ano F. MUIR

a pee

if | —asonien Instin
yee ; ee ye
| PS ae, 6 TOT ‘
ye PER 2 Balvio
7

\ A 4 ces
lens! Muses

HONOLULU, -HAWAII

ae JANUARY, 1913 3 220 73

E J. ; WARREN.

. ROBERTSON......

CHAEFER —

. BOTTOMLEY

g hes
SEP, COOKE. ea rae ee

ae F.) BISHOR< j.': Rg i : Lane Vice-President :
Os SMITH. . Fees. ce bate eels -_ Secretary-Treasurer aes
sevens veeycoe « ASSistant Secretary-Treasurer. Ki
2 sanator Nae
EL Dd. TENNEY
a KLAMP. = a
F. M. SWANZY

_ EXPERIMENT STATION COMMITTEE _

JW. PONG
A. GARTLEY
GEO, F. DAVIES

. TENNEY, Chairman

JOHN WATERHOUSE |
F; KLAMP ~
A, Ww. T. BOTTOMLEY

Th WARREN, Secretary Wape

EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF

6. E ECKART.....

HL L. LYON
S.S. PECK

F. : R. WERTHMU. BALES:
ap E, JORDAN. Fo aera

ae Ds LARSEN..
ALDEN TT; “SPEARE.
- W. P. NAQUIN..

a 2B SCSEuDEMCE
G. H. TUTTLE. .

_W. R. R, POTTER. .
_HB. CAMPBELL,
A. WARREN..

oe SARAH J. CUNNINGHAM. ;

..... Director
. Entomologist P
. Sugar Technologist — Xt
Pathologist ;
... Chemist
-, Agriculturist
She .. Technical Chemist

Assistant Chemist :
Sie re Assistant Chemist poet
SR ERE Consulting Entomologist —
_ Acting Entomologist, .

% '
seen se

. Assistant Pathologist ;
Sate Wet -Assistant Agelevian

Cashier
~ Illustrator
: Booidked ber:
we Sets ps RACER ee: a) ; -
w bain yo gia Hioye -Stenographer
J Peneitiee ‘Sen

ENTOMOLOGICAL SERIES BULLETIN NO. 12

REPORT OF WORK

OF THE

EXPERIMENT STATION

OF THE

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS’ ASSOCIATION

On Some New Species of
Leaf-Hoppers

BY G. W. KIRKALDY ano F. MUIR

HONOLULU, HAWAII
JANUARY, 1913

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To the Experiment Station Committee of the
Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association,
Honolulu, Hawaii.

DeEAR Sirs :—I herewith submit for publication as Bulletin No.
12, of the Entomological Series, a collection of notes by the late
Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy and by Mr. F. Muir, entitled: “On Some
New Species of Leaf-Hoppers.”

Yours very truly,

C.F SECKRART
Director.

This Bulletin consists of descriptions of some of the new species
of Fulgoroidea in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’
Experiment Station, collected by Mr. Koebele and myself during
our investigations abroad.

The first part is from manuscript notes left by the late Mr. G.
W. Kirkaldy. The delay in publishing these descriptions is to
be regretted, as some of the names may now be synonyms, but
the illness and sudden death of Mr. F. W. Terry, who had the
disposing of the library and papers of his former friend and col-
league, has been the cause of the delay, and now the doubly sad
task falls to me. I publish Kirkaldy’s notes as he left them, un-
corrected, as my present knowledge of some of the families he
deals with is not sufficient to allow me to correct his work.

The second part is by myself, with a few of Kirkaldy’s descrip-
tions incorporated. It deals only with the family Derbidae.

F. M.

eG
By the Late G. W. KirKALpy.

FAMIEY sC/EADIDAE:

(The following are not arranged phylogenetically. )
Cicada pontianaka Distant.

Hab. Borneo, Pontianak Muir. Previously recorded also from
the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Sulu. The two males
before me agree generally with Distant’s figures and descriptions,
except that either they differ a little as regards the pygophor, or
else his figures are bad.

Platypleura canescens (Walker).

Hab. Larat (Muir). Previously also from Sumatra, Banda,
Timor Laut, and Aru.

P. nobilis (Germar ).

Hab. Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). Previously from India,
Assam, Java, and Sumatra.

P, lyricen sp, nov.

Male and female closely allied to ciliaris (Linneus). Pale
greenish-ochraceous ; vertex with a large median piceous suffu-
sion which is continued to the margins by broad lines as follows:
two lateral on each side (the second actually on the fastigia),
and five basal, so that the vertex seems to be piceous with about
six marginal pale areas; frons more or less piceous basally, some
markings on legs, the tarsi, apex of labium, etc., blackish. Pro-
notum with a blackish line down the middle reaching to the ante-
rior margin of the hind reflected part, and two or three short
oblique lines on each side of this. Mesonotal markings much as
in ciliaris, anterior half or so of the urotergites dark piceous, the
last two or three segments mostly so. Urotergites more or less
clouded with fuscous. Tegmina whitish tinged with fawn, with
pale golden-yellow pubescence; veins pale yellow, green and red;
clavus and base of corium dark, a fuscous oblique band from the
exterior margin to the apex of the clavus, on basal third; the
middle third and a little apical of that has a number of dark

(thinly margined) rings in two or three rows (which in one
doubtful female are almost absent), the apical margin is irregu-
larly fuscous. Wings dark orange-brown, marked much as in
ciliaris, but much more strongly and clearly cut, with blackish
brown.

Structurally this species differs from ciliaris in the male by
the opercula being remote inwardly, the inner margin, in fact,
not extending quite so far inwardly as the hind coxae; they are
transverse, and the spine of the hind coxae is long and acute. The
male pygophor is bluntly carinate beneath down the middle, api-
cally truncate, very slightly emarginate, broadly sulcate, this sul-
cation widening in the middle.

Length 9-12 mm.; width of pronotum 10%-11 mm.; expanse
of tegmina 60-67mm.

Hab. Ambonia (Muir).
Baeturia conviva (Stal).

Hab. Amboina and Larat (Muir). Previously from Papua
and almost all the Austromalayan Islands. Doubtfully distinct
from B. exhausta (Guérin)

Scieroptera splendidula (Fabricius).

Hab. Java, Pekalongan, Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Pre-
viously recorded from throughout the Oriental region, except the
Philippines. The examples before me are intermediate between
Splendidula and crocea; they differ from the latter, to which they
are more immediately referable, by the immaculate black head,
the pale bronzy-fuscous tegmina, with the cells medially paler.

Huechys vidua (A. White).

Hab. Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Previously from the Malay
Peninsula.

FH. sanguinolenta (Fabricius ).

Hab. Macao (Muir). Distributed over almost the whole Ori-
ental region as well as Sumbawa and Timor Laut.

Prasia elegans sp. nov.
Female bright yellowish-green; the apical margin of the head

dorsally, narrowly, the base of the vertex, its porterolateral angles
broadly, a large portwine glass-shaped mark on the mesonotum,

all the mesonotal margins narrowly (excluding the basal eleva-
tion), and two submedian wedges, velvety-blackish. The head
dorsally with sparse, short, black hairs. Abdomen above brown-
ish-orange basally and laterally (irregularly) blackish. A _ sil-
very pubescent spot basolaterally and a percurrent stripe of sil-
very pubescence across the fifth urotergite. Beneath blackish
with sparing pubescence of mixed silvery and pale golden pube-
scence. Fore and middle coxae dark crimson, margined nar-
rowly with black, femora black with a broad red stripe inwardly ;
tibiae and tarsi crimson. Hind legs yellowish testaceous, femora
and coxae more or less sanguineous. Tegmina hyaline, basal half
of subcostal and radical veins on basal fifth yellow, shading to
green up to about the middle, the rest black. Wings hyaline, sub-
costal and the base green, rest black.

Head dorsally slightly longer than wide between the eyes,
vertex produced a littie in front of the eyes, apical margin, where
not interrupted by the frons, truncate; dorsal part of frons nearly
or quite as long as the vertex medially, the latter deeply rotund-
ately emarginate to receive it, anterolateral angles of the middle
part of the vertex acute, prominent. Pronotum as long as, or
slightly longer than, the head.

Length 15 mm.; width of base of pronotum 6 mm; expanse
of wings 46 mm.

Habitat, West Borneo (Muir)

Cosmopsaltria alticola Distant.

Hab. Borneo, Pontianak (Muir).

Variety Pontianaka nov. This agrees generally with Distant’s
description, except that the apical veins have each an infuscate
spot near the apex.

C. spinosa (Fabricius).

Hab. Borneo, Pontianak (Muir). The basal sides of the first,
second, third, fourth, fifth, and. seventh apical cells are infuscate,
and the male opercula extend nearly to the apical margin of the
fifth urosternite, not of the fourth, as figured by Distant, other-
wise these examples accord.

C. duarum (Walker).

Hab. Borneo, Pontianak (Muir). Previously also from the
Malay Peninsula.

Leptopsaltria pryert Distant.
Hab. Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).

Pomponia imperatoria (Westwood).

Hab. Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). Previously also from Malay
Peninsula, Java, and Sarawak.

PAMILY GERCOPIDAE.

Subfamily Machaerotinae.

I consider that the Machaerotinae are simply Cercopidae with
simplified venation, both of tegmina and wings, and with more
or less produced nota; they are a side branch ‘of the Cercopidaz,
and im no way a link between them and oe Membracidae, which
ate a development of the Tetigontidae (or “Jassidae’’) and lie
right on the other side of the latter. The ewe are simply
Tetigoniuds with modified face and legs, and with a more or less
ornamental nota. This development is merely analogical be-
tween the Machacrotinae and Membracidae, and in no way homo-
logical, as in the former it is mesonotal, in the latter pronotal!

Pectinariophyes Wirkaldy.
The hind tibiae are bispinose, but the basal one is minute.
Polychaetophyes Wirkaldy.

This genus is very close to Machaeropsis Melichar, and may
prove identical. The head, however, is much shorter and broade:,
and very much more declivous, the face is broader and shorter,
the scutellum is scarcely, or not at all, grooved mediolongitudi-
nally, and the apical cells of the tegmen are four or more, though
two or more of these are small.

Machaerota moluccana sp. nov.

Apparently allied to WM. ensifera Burmeister, but the scutellum
is tricarinate, its process much more arched, and the pronotum
is not striped.. Purplish piceous; the pronotum browner along
the posterolateral margin, and the scutellum with a short whitish
longitudinal streak basally on each side; the process is brownish-
yellow. The face is unicolorous, but has thin, lateral, silvery.
radiating lines. Fore and middle legs brownish-yellow ; hind legs
brownish-piceous. Sterna and base of abdomen beneath partiv
pale. Tegmina yellowish-hyaline, veins brownish-yellow, the
costa and subcosta darker for the greatest part of their length.
Wings hyaline, veins blackish- brown. Vertex scarcely, though
very nearly, as long as in ensifera, rounded anteriorly, rather
longer than wide betw een the eyes (or at least as long). Vena-

tion of clavus much as in ensifera. The rest of tegmen agrees
fairly well with that of ensifera as figured by Schmidt, though not
by Distant. The scutellum is more arched and the posterior
margin is vertical and nearly as long as the distance between it
and the pronotum; it is strongly compressed and tricarinate along
the top, the lateral keels being evanescent anteriorly, the middle
one evanescent posteriorly; the process is arched and rounded,
the posterior being deflected. Head and pronotum slightly cari-
nate longitudinally.

Length to apex of abdomen 614 mm.; to apex of process in
straight line 914 mm.; to apex of closed tegmina 834 mm.

Habitat Amboina (Muir, Nov., 1907).

FAMILY FULGORIDAE.

The type of the genus Fulgora has been wrongly determined by
all recent authors. The genus was erected by Linneus in 1767
(Syst. Nat. (Bde 12) 703)),,and thetype was fixed by Sulzerin
1776 (Abgek.Gesch. Ins. 85), as europaea Linneus. This being
the earliest genus, the superfamily and family take their names
from it. For Fulgora auctt. (type laternaria Linneus), the name
Laternaria Stal 1866 should be used. The subfamily formerly
known as “Fulgorinae” should be known as Lystrinae.

Subfamily Lystrinae.
Cyrpoptus suavis Stal.

Habitat Mexico, Cuernavaca (Koebele). The males are as
figured in the “Biologia,” but the females have the orange-yellow
of the tegmina and wings replaced by sanguineous; the head,
pronotum and scutellum are pale reddish-brown and the tergites
dark orange-brown, in the latter sex.

Birdantis sp.

A somewhat immature specimen from Amboina (Muir), may
be delibuta Stal (from Ternate), but I can not obtain the de-
scription ; it is not decens or pallescens. If this specimen is, as I
suppose, a Birdantis, then Stal was right in supposing that it
ought to be placed in his “54” division, as the “‘claval vein” runs
into the commissure before the apex of the clavus.

Scamandra merope sp. nov.

Apparently near S. hecuba, but differently colored. The upper
surface dark greenish-brown; metanotum and underside, with

legs, mostly blackish-brown, the femora very obscurely spotted
with brown. Tegmina bright red-brown on basal three-fifths,
rest yellowish-brown; an irregular, non-continuous blackish fascia
across the tegmina just basal of the division; there are also one or
two obscure spots on the basal part. Veins mostly concolorous with
the ground color ; the costal vein, basal cell, ete., blackish. Wings
scarlet; a basal spot bluish-black; apical third continuous with
hind margin and anal area, yellowish-brown, paling gradually to
anal area. The red discal color is bordered apically with blackish.
Two large spots on the vertex; the scutellum; abdomen above
especially basally; some specks on the gastropleurites; and the
tegmina largely, as well as some specks on the wings, covered
with a cretaceous exudation. The frons is longer than wide, and
there is a rather obscure sublateral keel (on each side), and an
obscure median one only extending about one-third of the length.
Apical half of clypeus keeled.

[Eenoth) 18 mm ssexpanse a3: mam.

Hab., Telok Ayer and Pekalongan (Muir).

Eurinopsyche arborea sp. nov.

Differs from obscurata by the size of the eyes, which in the
latter are small, but in arborea occupy almost the whole height
of the head in profile. The head is rather shorter than the
abdomen, and the labium extends to the apex of the latter.

Length 2014-21 mm.

Hab.: Queensland, Brisbane, and Bundaberg (Perkins) ; ar-
boreal.

Subfamily Fulgorinae (==Dictvophorinae Oliv.)
Udugama splendens (Germar ).

I refer to this species some examples from Macao (Muir; aiso
in my collection from J. C. W. Kershaw). It has also been re-
corded from India, Ceylon, Burma, Philippines, and Java. The
sexes are somewhat dissimilar in size and color. The examples
before me may take the varietal name tibialis, the fore and middle
tibiae being distinctly bi- or triangulate with brownish,
a character not apparently mentioned in ‘any descriptions of the
typical form. Melichar adds Dictyophora indiana Walker as a
synonym, a name which Distant ignores.

Electryone gen. nov.

Differs from Putala Melichar by the vertex being regularly
narrowed towards the apex, while in Putala it is suddenly nar-
rowed before the eyes; the hind margin of the pronotum is ob-

tuse- angularly emarginate, while in the latter it is somewhat
ome the scutellum is rather flattish, while in Putala it is con-
vex. Type macaonica.

E. macaonica sp. nov.

In appearance very similar to Putala maculata Distant, which
apparently belongs to this genus, but differs as follows:

Vertex much shorter, scarcely longer in front of the eyes than
the rest of the vertex, and more rounded apically ; the radial vein
very distinctly forked a little nearer the apex than is the medial
vein; otherwise the venation is very similar; tegmina apically
more fuscate. Frons much shorter, basal of the eye scarcely
longer than a half of the rest; there are three keels (within the
lateral keels), one median and two submedian, the latter meeting
basally subroundedly.f Coxae and apical third of front tibiae
dark piceous.

Length 8 mm. to apex of abdomen, 10 mm. to apex of tegmina.

Hab.: Macao (Muir; also in my collection from Kershaw).

Miasa smaragdilinea (Walker).

Hab.: Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Previously recorded from
Tenasserim and Malacca. The examples agree fairly well with
Distant’s redescription and figure (1906 Faun, Ind.Rh.,III.’ 248,
f.108), except that the frons 1s Peecteodly ochraceous, and the
clypeal band, etc., are creamy white. Beneath, the abdomen is
orange-brown, the apical margins of the segments narrowly
greenish, the lateral margins dark fuscous; the pygophor more
or less dark fuscous. ;

Acarna sp.

Hab.: Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Probably new, but unfor-
tunately I have not seen some of the Stalian descriptions in this
genus.

Fulgora Linneus (= Dictyophora Germar ).

This genus is decidedly heterogeneous and badly in need of
revision. Nersia Stal is not, as Distant says, synonymous with
Dictyophora (i. e., Fulgora), bovina may be taken as its type.

F. herbida (Walker).

Hab.: Mexico; Cuernavaca (Koebele). The two specimens
agree very fairly with Walker’s description, but not so well with

+ Distant’s figure must be faulty, as it shows only two keels within the lateral ones.

Distant’s figure in the “Biologia,” as the mesonotum is actually
greenish; the stigma, moreover, is not represented in the figure
and the venation ‘does not quite correspond. For these two speci-
mens, I found the subgenus Cuernavaca, separable from Fulgora
(type europaea) as follows:

Vertex scarcely extended before the eyes, the lateral keels
meeting roundedly in front; the middle keel visible only near
the base. Pronotum very obscurely keeled, anterolateral margins
somewhat rounded. The lateral keels of the scutellum are arched
outwardly. The frons scarcely extends backwards from the eyes
and is somewhat rounded basally; the lateral margins diverge
towards the apex, but narrow again just before it; the sublateral
keels form an elongate oval, not touching the other margins at
any point, the middle keel being percurrent E within them. Clypeus
feebly carinate. Tegmina much less reticulate; stigma four-
celled. As in Fulgora, the hind coxae are acutely spined; the
hind femora are four-spined; the labium reaches to the hind
trochanters.

In the following species the hind margin of the pronotum is
minutely, but very distinctly, notched in the middle, whereas in
F, europa it is notched almost imperceptibly.

Fulgora nereides sp. nov.

Belongs to, or near, the typical subgenus. Head green, the
vertex between the lateral keels, the dorsal part of the genae and
th middle keel (suffusedly) of the frons, red. Clypeus yellow,
the basal half of the keel red. Underside yellowish. Pronotum
and scutellum reddish (or sometimes sordid yellowish-green ), the
keels (suffusedly on pronotum) green. The main veins of the
hyaline tegmina are more or less orange-yellow, those on the
apical t third yellowish-fuscous, the rest greenish. Legs yellowish-
red, greenish on coxae and at base of femora; extreme apex of
femora, apex of tibiae and apical segment of tarsi, blackish. Ver-
tex not quite so long as the scutellum, ascending a little in front
of the eyes at about 5 degrees, the lateral keels arched outwards
at first to a little beyond the eyes. thence converging acuminately,
so that part of the obliquely-lying genae is clearly visible dorsally ;
at the extreme apex, a part of the frons is also visible dorsally.
The frons is very elongate, the lateral margins strongly narrowed
towards the base, and shehtly widened at the apical margin ;
medial and lateral keels of frons and clypeus strong, but the stuib-
median keels of the former are obsolete on the apical half; the
lateral keels are not visible, ventrally, at the base itself. The hind
femora have five spines; hind tibiae about two and a half times
longer than the femora. Antennae small, but larger than in

europaea, second segment subglobose, apically oblique, the flagel-
lum not arising from the apex.

Length 13 mm. to apex of ab .omen; 17 mm. to apex of teg-
mina.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir); Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).

F, glaucides sp. nov.

Superficially not unlike F’. nereides, but the head is much less
ascendant, and there are eight femoral spines.

Head and prothorax green, rest of the thorax and abdomen
more or less yellowish, mostly rather pale. A percurrent stripe
from base of pronotum to apex of vertex, another from base of
frons to apical margin, another from anterior angle of genae to
base of propleura (interrupted by the eye), a sublateral oblique
(more obscure) stripe on pronotum, sanguineous. Scutellum
more or less suffused with green. Middle keel of clypeus pale
sanguineous. Costal vein fuscate, tinged with sanguineous at
base; other veins more or less greenish on basal third, shading
into tawny on middle third, and into fuscous on apical third, but
all a little intermixed. Coxae, femora, and hind tibiae, greenish ;
fore femora and hind tibiae more or less tinged with brownish on
apical half or so (varyingly). Head very little ascendant, about
as long as the scutellum, 314-4 times as long as width between the
eyes; lateral margins subparallel to about a little in front of the
anterior margin of the eyes, thence acutely converging; the
rounded outline of the obliquely lying genae is visible dorsally ;
also the actual apex is rounded, owing to part of the frons being
visible. The frons is very similar to that of nereides, except that
it is a little less elongate, and more rounded anteriorly, and net
so elongate after the disappearance of the genal keels. Apical
venation much as in nereides. Hind tibiae about 3 times as long
as the femora, with eight spines, the five basal small but distinct,
the three apical large.

Length 12 mm, to apex of abdomen, 17 mm. to apex of tegmina.

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).

F, borneides sp. nov.

Scarcely separable from F. europaea by color and _ pattern.
Structurally it may be separated as follows:

Vertex slightly longer, and the lateral margins almost straight,
less acute apically; the genal margins as seen dorsally are more
arched outwardly. The claval veins unite in the same line as
the forking of the brachial, instead of distinctly basal of it; the
cells formed by the forking of the main veins are distinctly longer,

and the tegmina themselves are much longer ; also the apical third
is less reticulated. Frons rather longer and narrower, more
rounded basally, apical margin very slightly narrower than base
of clypeus. Antennae a little more globose.
Length 10 mm. to apex of abdomen, 16 mm. to apex of tegmina.
Hab.: Borneo, Moewong (Muir).

Amoboina gen. nov.

Superficially like a long-headed Hasta, but distinguished, from
all the old-world Fulgorini near the typical genus, by the lack of
a stigma, and the comparatively long antennae.

The general characters are those of Hasta, but it differs as fol-
lows: The head anteriorly widens but a little at the apex; it is
distinctly narrowed and constricted between the eyes. The eyes
are comparatively large and prominent and well rounded exte-
riorly. The antennae, though short, are yet not of the microscop-
ical size usual in this division, but are distinctly visible from
above. The pronotum is much longer medially, being about half
the length of the scutellum. The frons is five-carinate, the sub-
median keels being obsolete between the base of the clypeus and
the constriction. “The clypeus is very obscurely keeled. The
labium reaches the hind trochanters, the third segment being
much longer than the fourth. Tegmina more closely reticulated
on the apical third, more as in typical Fulgora; stigma lacking,
but there are about eight suboblique veins on the apical third of
the exterior area. The legs are all long and slender, the hind
tibiae being more than three times as long as the femora; the
latter have five spines, but the basal one is very obscure. Fore
femora spineless. Abdomen elongate. Type moluccana.

A. moluccana sp. nov.

Male grass green, shading off in parts into pale yellowish-
green; metasternum whitish; lateral margins of vertex very nar-
rowly sanguineous. Head nearly twice as long as the pronotum
and scutellum.

Length 19-1914 mm.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir).

Orodictya gen. nov.

Differs from Thanatodictya as follows: the elongate vertex is
not sulcate (the lateral keels being Fitnleceeat except between
the eyes. The disks transversely rugulose, as also beneath and
laterally. (The middle keel is apparently only between the eyes
as in Thanatodictya.) The vertical process is very slightly en-

larged at the tip where it is rounded. The five frontal keels are
all percurrent. Eyes elongate, not rounded laterally. Hind tibiae
with seven to nine spines. Lateral keels of pronotum obsolescent.
Apical margin or tegmina broadly multireticulate.

Superficially rather like Acarna Stal, but the front is not angu-
lately amphated; the pronotum is rather deeply emarginate, the
fore tibiae are not at all dilated and the hind tibiae are at least
quadrispinose apical of the middle.

O. monticola sp. nov.

Pale olivaceous-brown. Keels most greenish (or pale yellow-
ish). Beneath pale yellowish, tinted in parts with greenish or
brownish. Fourth segment of labium blackish. Legs very pale
greenish, apical one-third of the whole tibiae darker green, basal
two-thirds yellowish, apex of hind tibiae and the hind pairs, red-
dish. Tegmina hyaline, veins dark crimson red (except the
green costal). On the apical one-third of tegmen, the crossveins
are infuscate, and the apical margin from near the claval apex
to the base of the stigma, is broadly (irregularly) reddish fer-
ruginous. The stigma has five or six cells, but is rather confused
apically. Wing veins blackish, the apical margin infuscate.
Length from tip of head to apex of closed tégmina 22 mill.,
leneth of head 5% mill.

Hab.: Borneo, Moewong (Muir).

RICANIINAE.

Armacia hyalinata (Donovan).

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). Previously also from New South
Wales, Papua, Solomon Islands and Ternate.

Ricama speculum (Walker).

Hab.: Borneo, Pontianak, and Telok Ayer (Muir). Pre-
viously also from India, Assam, Ceylon, Burma, Tenasserim, Ori-
ental China, Philippine Islands, and Java. Melichar adds (but
perhaps through mistaken synonymy) Waigiu, Flores, Singhapur,
Siam and Sumatra.

Ricania moluccana sp. nov.

Sooty; labium and legs yellowish-brown, femora, apices of
tibiae, etc., dark fuscous. Abdomen piceous. Tegmina dark
smoky, partly with a purplish submetallic glint; a small round
purplish metallic spot near the middle of the corium, a series of
yellow specks at the end of each costal veinlet as far as the stigma,

aiso a series of smaller byaline specks along the apical margin.
Vertex very transverse. Keels of pronotum, scutellum and frons
very distinct. Four veins arise from the basal cell, the radial
and subradial running parallel. Shape of tegmina much as in
decorata, but the apical margin rather longer and the hind margin
rather shorter in proportion.

Length of body 4 mill.; expanse of tegmina 14 mill.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir).

This appears to belong to Ricanoptera, which I can regard only
as a subgenus of Ricania.

Ricania indicata Melichar.

Hab. Amboina (Muir). Also previously recorded from Ke
and Timor Deli.

Ricania stigmatica var. borneensis nov.

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). It has no white stigmal
spot. RR. stigmatica was recorded from Java.

Ricania laratica sp. nov.

Apparently near evimia. Head pitchy brown, vertex and genae
partly browner. Pronotum, scutellum, pro- and mesosternum
sooty. Tegmina dark smoky, veins blackish, a pale ocellate stig-
mal spot, and a white wedge-shaped spot on the costal margin near
the apex, and another similar one near the apex on the apical
margin. A small obscure hyaline speck about the middle. The
basal third of the costal margin speckled with yellowish. Abdo-
men more or less brownish-pitchy. Legs brownish-yellow, more
or less dark fuscous on femora and apex of tibiae. The tegmina
are sprinkled more or less with greenish-yellow.

Length of body 6 mill.; expanse about 18 mill.

abseeleanat. AC Mai:)’.

The three specimens before me are practically identical. The
keels are well marked, the submedian ones on the scutellum being
rounded from the apical margin instead of being sinuate, as in
indicata.

Pochazia fuscata (Fabr.).

Hab.: West Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). Previously from-
India, Burma, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java.

Sassula dyakana sp. nov.

This species differs from sororcula by the radial vein not being
forked; from osmyloides by the different venation.

The spotting of the vertex and nota is not unlike that of soror-
cula; the frons has three short, dark, lanceolate lines at the base
between the four keels; there is also a dark spot on each side
(inside the lateral keels), near the antennae, and another at the
apex of each submedian keel just apical of the basal margin ; there
is no other specking or spotting on the frons, which is distinctly
wider and shorter apically of the antennae than in osmyloides, and
the lateral margins are more sinuate. The costal area is distinctly
wider than the subcostal area: there are two spots on the subcostal
area near the base. The venation of the corium is very much like
that of sororcula.

Length 10 mill.; expanse of tegmina 33 mill.

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).

Gaetulia nigrovenosa Melichar.

Hab.: Java (Muir). Previously recorded from India, Assam
and Tenasserim.

Nurunderia chrysopoides—= Gaetulia chrysopoides Kirkaldy.

Distant has (1909 A. M. N. H. (8) IV.337) erected the genus

Nurunderia for this species.
Mindura obscura (Fabr.) —sundana Kirkaldy.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). Previously found in Java and South
India.

Nogodina pallidipennis (Guérin).

Hab.: Amboina (Muir), Previously also from New South
Wales and Vanikoro.

FLATINAE.

Amphiscepa bivittata ( Say).

Hab.: Mexico, Morelos ( Koebele). Previously recorded also
from Canada and the United States.

Amphiscepa tmmaculata Kirkaldy.
Hab.: Mexico, Orizaba. Previously from South Arizona.
Neomelicharia guttulata (Stal).

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). Previously known from Buru.

The ground color of the tegmina may be milky or yellowish-
green. The anteroapical angle of the tegmina is often black, as
also a spot at the apical angle of the clavus and another near base

of the same interiorly. The pattern is exceedingly variable. The
forms which have milky-white tegmina (this does not appear to
be a post-mortem change) may be called var. lactealis.

Neomelicharia ocellifera (Walker ).

Hab.: Ambonia (Muir). Previously known also from Ceram
and Java.

Colgar chlorospilus (Walker).

Hab.: Amboina (Muir), with vars. decolor, etc. Previously
reported from Papua and Birara.

Colgar laraticus sp. nov.

Green, paler beneath, scutellum yellower. A_ rather broad
stripe from apex of vertex to apex of metanotum, all the margins
of the tegmina (except the extreme base of the costal), fore and
middle tibiae, the frontal keels very narrowly basally, etc., brigh*
crimson; tegmina otherwise immaculate. Vertex very slightly
longer than pronotum, rather more sharply keeled than in the
other species of this genus (as also on pronotum and scutellum ),
thus approaching Phyllyphanta. Frons with three keels, much as
in chlorospilus. Anteroapical angle of tegmina acute, posteroap-
ical angle rectangular, slightly rounded.

Length of body 7 mill.; expanse of tegmina about 18 mill.

Hab.: Larat (Muir).

In immature individuals, the red is replaced by pale orange. It
is possible that this is only a var. of surrecta, which I do not
know.

Colgar granulatus sp. Nov.

Very similar to laraticus, but the tegmina are distinctly broader,
especially basally; the red stripe is absent, only the apex of the
head being a little reddish. The red margination of the tegmina
is very narrow and obscure. The ground color of the tegmina
is yellowish-green, the veins being suffusedly greener, and espe-
cially on the apical half being excessively minutely granulated
with purplish-brown.

Length of body 8 mill. ; expanse of tegmina 20-21 mill.

Hab.: Larat (Muir).

Colgar surrectus (Melichar).

Hab.: Larat (Muir).

» OQ ———————————
ee

Phyllyphanta producta (Spinola).

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). Previously known from
Sumatra, Banguey, Java, Celebes, and Cochin China.

Salurnis kershawit sp. nov.

Head, pronotum and scutellum pale orange-brown, the disk of
the pronotum and of the scutellum pale greenish-yellow, the for-
mer with a red-brown stripe down each side of the middle, the
latter with an outwardly curved submedian pale brown stripe,
meeting apically and basally. A broad fuscous stripe down the
middle of the vertex, a fuscous spot at middle of the apical margin
of pronotum and of scutellum. Sterna and abdomen pale, the
latter more or less yellowish above. Tegmina pale yellowish-
green, the veins suffusedly pale fuscous, the commissural margin
suffusedly so. Wings milky white. Legs testaceous, tarsi, fore
tibiae, etc., pale yellowish-brown. Vertex about half as long as
the pronotum, scarcely half as long as the width of the head
between the eyes. Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, sub-
truncate in the middle. Tegmina costally strongly arched, apical
angle rounded, posteroapical angle acute, prominent. No sensory
granules on corium.

Length of body 7 mill.; expanse of tegmina 19 mill.

abies. Macace( Muir; also: ine my collections irom CW:
Kershaw ).

There are two sublateral, outwardly arched, keels on scutellum,
and between these, on each side of the middle, a more obscure
one. This species is very similar to marginellus, but is yellower,
and the vertex distinctly shorter, and the pronotal keels more dis-
tant. It seems to lead the way to Siphanta.

Salurnis marginellus (Guerin).

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). -Previously recorded also
from India, Tenasserim, Malacca, Cochin China, Shanghai,
Kiang-Sin, and Nicobar Islands.

Siphanta javana sp. nov.

This has the characters of acuta (Walker), but is distinctly
smaller with the anteroapical angle of the tegmina less prominent,
and is distinguishable at once by the numerous tubercles on the
tegmen. It is smaller than acutipennis Kirkaldy and has a dis-
tinctly shorter vertex. It is separable from patruelis, the other
Javan species, by the rounded vertex and narrower frons.

Length 5 mill.; expanse of tegmina about 18 mill.

Hab.: Java, Pekalongan (Muir).

Mimophantia maritima Matsumura.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). I cannot see any difference of im-
portance between these Moluccan specimens and the descriptions
of those from Japan.

Phyllodryas gen. nov.

Vertex very short, its apical margin touching the apical margin
of the pronotum in the middle. Frons about as long as wide,
lateral margins rounded, acute, reflexed ; with a median keel which:
is not quite percurrent apically. Pronotum not, or very obscurely,
carinate. Scutellum with three very obscure keels. Tegmina
scarcely twice as long as their middle width, outer fork of the
brachial vein joined to the inner fork of the median by two or
three short, transverse veins; a regular, transverse, subapical line
close to the apical margin, apical angles well rounded. Hind
tibiae with one spine. Type calamantina.

This genus has some resemblance to Paratella, which, however,
has no subapical line and has different venation; it differs from
Hilavrita by the unispinose hind tibiae; from Petrusa by the teg-
mina having one subapical line; and from Tejasa by the presence
of a number of transverse lines basal of the subapical line. From
all these, moreover, it differs by the presence of a few veins in the
clavus, but does not come near any of the other genera thus char-
acterized. It has considerable resemblance to Odywxa truncata?
Distant (not Melichar), but has only one subapical line; Distant
figures none, in the supposed Linnean species, but says that it
might well be placed in Crvptoflata, i. e., Flata Fabr., but the latter
has more than one subapical line, according to its founder, though
not according to Distant, and has two femoral spines.

Melichar’s species has evidently, from the description, nothing
to do with the supposed Linnean type, the shape of the tegmina
alone showing this, and may be renamed melichari.

Phyllodryas calamina sp. nov.

Male and female pale greenish or testaceous ; tegmina creamy,
apical margin (apical of the submarginal line) and the commis-
sural margin in part, pale yellowish ‘fuscous.

Length of body 5 mill.; expanse of tegmina 17 mill.

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).
Nephesa rosea (Spinola).

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir).

Nephesa aurora sp. nov.

Pale brownish-testaceous; apical margin of the second seg-
ment of the antennae, third segment of the hind tarsi, etc., fus-
cous. Tegmina pale rosy, the apical margin and the apical half
of the hind margin, pale orange-brown; wings milky. Vertex
very short and transverse, the rounded frons partly visible dor-
sally. Middle keel of pronotum very obscure. Tegmina elon-
gate, apical margin very oblique, apical angles rather prominent,
rounded.

Length of the body 12 mill.; expanse of the tegmina 53 mill. ;
lengths of the fore, apical and hind margins, respectively, of the
tegmina, about 25, 13 and 18 mill.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir).

Nephesa coromandelica (Spinola).

Hab.: Borneo, Telok Ayer (Muir). Previously known from
Java. The South Indian record is perhaps incorrect.

Hansema kirbyi Melichar,

Hab.: Borneo, Pontianak (Muir). Previously known from
Ceylon. Distant (1906 Faun.Ind.III.411) synonymyzes this with
glauca (Kirby), apparently incorrectly.

Ormentis dolobrata Fowler.
Hab.: Mexico, Morelos (Koebele).
Ormenis plebeia sp. nov.

This species has the general appearance of dolobrata, but dif-
fers as follows:

The vertex is distinctly narrower and the eyes smaller; the
frons is much less narrowed towards the apex and is scarcely a
fourth narrower at the apex than at the base (instead of about
one-half) ; the frontal keels are very obscure, and instead of being
truncate, the apical margin of the frons is slightly emarginate. In
dolobrata the hind margin of the pronotum is obtuse-angulately
emarginate ; in plebeia it is roundly so, and the hind angle of the
scutellum is much less elongate and prominent. The pronotum
and scutellum are pitchy-brown, the head paler, frontal keels yel-
lowish-brown. In the tegmina the pale spot is much less clear
and the apical third is rather more closely reticulate. The clavus
is distinctly more strongly granulate. Legs browner.

Lengths of body 6% mill.; to apex of tegmina 9 mill.
Hab.: Mexico, Cuernavaca (Koebele).

24
ISSINAE.

Hemisphacrius Schaum.

This genus is in a very unsatisfactory state, despite the revi-
sions of Butler and Melichar. These revisions have been made
practically entirely on color and pattern, which are, judging from
the material before me, somewhat variable, certainly rendering
invalid Melichar’s preliminary divisions of dark and pale forms.
At the same time I have made a new species on color and pattern,
as | have not the necessary material in other species to form an
opinion as to what structures are valuable for specific purposes.

Hemisphacrius moluccanus sp. nov.

Male and female not very shining. Vertex, basal margin of
frons, a transverse stripe on the frons at the apical margin, an-
tennae, pronotum, scutellum, legs, etc., ochraceous. Clypeus and
rest of frons, genae, and most of the abdomen beneath, dark
piceous. Tegmina ochraceous, very closely lined irregularly
longitudinally (and shortly furcately) and specked with pale
greenish. Vertex more than twice as wide as its length, not
longer (scarcely as long) than an eye, with two pits.

Length to apex of tegmina 4 mill.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir).

Hemtsphaertus javensis Melichar.

Hab.: Larat (Muir). Previously recorded from Java. One
example is suffused with rosy. This species also varies as fol-
lows. The tegmina from uniform pale green to piceous, there
being intermediate forms. The frons from immaculate green to
blackish with a pale green transverse stripe at the apical margin.

The nymph is like the adult, except that the hind tibiae are
rather dilated; the clypeus is pale green.

The nymph has a double row of oblique granules on the prono-
tum, the apical the longer. The large development of the teg-
mina makes the hopper very wide. The hind tibiae are flattened
and widened and have one median spine.

The coloring 1s pale greenish, yellower on head and pronotum,
the urotergites very closely specked with brown. Legs brownish-
yellow, femora more or less infuscate. Sternopleurites mostly
fuscate.

Hemisphaerius tristis Stal var. lineatalis nov.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). The type was from Batchian.
This agrees with the description of tristis, as far as it goes,

except that the pronotum is almost entirely ochraceous (this
varies somewhat ), and there is a generally percurrent ochraceous
line down the scutellum.

Gelastissus albolineatus Kirkaldy.

Hab.: Amboina. Previously from Queensland.
G. histrionicus Kirkaldy.

Hab.: Amboina. Previously from Queensland.
G. suffusus Kirkaldy is merely a variety of this; one of the
Amboina specimens has the apical parts of the tegmina piceous.

Lollius furcifer Stal.

Hab.: Amboina (Muir). Previously from Timor, Batchian,
Ke, Solomons, Fiji, and the Nicobars.

Thaebena stali, Melichar.

The type of this genus, which Melichar could not trace, was
fixed by Stal as retractus (Walker). The present species differs
from that, by the frons being much longer than broad, while the
head pronotum, frons, etc., are the same color, viz., reddish-
ochreous. From 7. stali Melichar (typical) it differs only by the
lateral margin of the vertex diverging emarginately, roundly, to-
wards the base which is wider than the apical margin. It is
slightly wider at base than long.

Hab.: Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Previously from Singa-
pore.

Capelopterum bimaculatum Melichar.
HMab.; Amboina (Muir). - Papua.
Aphelonema vespertina sp. nov.

Allied to A. rugosa (Ball), but the clypeus has no pale median
line, and the vertex proper is roundly triangular.

Pale yellowish-testaceous, lateral margins of the vertex proper,
of the pronotum, and of the flat part of the scutellum, pale pice-
ous, the sloping sides of the scutellum dark piceous. — Irons
slightly clouded with fuscous on its flat disk, outside the circular
keel it is almost entirely dark piceous, as also are the genae be-
tween the eyes and antennae, and clypeus (except at extreme
base). Tegmina pale, laterally indefinitely pale fuscous, vena-
tion white. Urotergites medially pale olivaceous, a very narrow
white undulating line separating this from the dark piceous hue

which suffuses most of the lateral part, especially towards the
middle. The median part might be flecked with pale purplish-red.
Beneath dark piceous with a few irregular yellow spots; coxae
mostly dark piceous ; tibiae with dark piceous bands, etc. ; anten-
nae black. The pustules are pale and well marked on the frons
outside the circular keel, and on the pronotum, scutellum, and
urotergites laterally. The vertex is as long as the pronotum, and
is roundly triangular, the parts of the frons outside the circular
keel being thus ‘visible from above. Tegmina are formed much
like those of rugosa. The outer keels of the frons form a circle,
which does not touch the clypeus, but touches the vertex.

senigplies-o anal

Hab.: Mexico, Chapultepec (Koebele).

Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.

Hab.: Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca (Koebele). Previously
recorded from all over the United States.

The nymphs have very much the same form and coloring, ex-
cept that the face is declivous.

Bruchomorpha mexicana sp. nov.

Pale yellowish-cinereous; vertex with four not perfectly de-
fined blackish spots; frons pustulate, irregularly, blackish outside
the oval keel, and of the same suffusion laterally and basally in-
side it; Genae mostly blackish ; hind margin pale ; pronotum very
thickly pustulate and slightly clouded. Disk of scutellum slightly
fuscous towards the hind angle ; oblique sides thickly pustulate
and more or less blackish-brown. Tegmina pale brownish-oliva-
ceous, veinings pale. Urotergites thickly blotched and spotted
with blackish-brown. Sterna pale brownish-yellow, most of the
ambulacra of the middle legs black. Urosternites pale brownish-
yellow, laterally blackish, this almost meeting basally. Legs pale
brownish-yellow, irregularly marked with dark fuscous. Labium
the same ground color, extreme apex dark.

The frontal keels are very strongly marked, the curved keels
forming an oval, truncate basally, and roundly acute apically, the
whole not so elongate apically as in dorsata. The frons is almost
horizontal to the vertex, and the clypeus is apically horizontal to
the frons, which is about one-half longer than its basal width.
The tegmina are formed much as in pallidipes

Length of female 3 mill., breadth 1.75 mill.

Hab.: Mexico, Cuernavaca (Koebele). Very different to any
other Bruchomorpha.

Hysteropterum montesuma sp. nov.

Differs from H. montanum by the much shorter vertex, the
angulate (or at least medially deflected) clypeus, the color, ete.

Testaceous, irregularly and obscurely, clouded more darkly.
On the frons there are two transverse, obscurely indicated, pale
bands, the rest minutely and thickly speckled. Tegmina greyish-
testaceous, a broad blackish wedge from hind angle of scutellum
to near the costal margin, as the base, the third angle about the
middle of the tegmen a little inward; the two third angles (on
each tegmen) are joined by an obscurely indicated dark. sinuate,
transverse bands. The rest of the tegmen is closely specked more
darkly. Abdomen and legs yellowish-testaceous, irregularly
marked with black. Although the vertex is short, yet the frons is
distinctly longer than wide, and there is a median percurrent keel
which thickens in the clypeus. Pronotum nearly twice as long
as the head. Scutellum rather obscurely tricarinate.

Length 4.25 mill.; breadth 2.8 mull.

Hab.: Mexico, Cuernavaca and Yantepec (Koebele).

28
Paki ie
sy F. Murr.
DERBIDAE:
INTRODUCTION.
HABITS.

The species described in this Bulletin (except a few specially
indicated) were collected during the time I was in Fiji and the
Malay Archipelago, investigating insects injurious to sugar-cane.

Many species of this family are to be found in great numbers
on sugar-cane, but only in the adult stage; the young and eggs I
have never found on this host-plant. am not acquainted with
any record of the life-history of any species of this family, and
I have never come across the eggs, but I have taken the nymphs
of several species, all having similar facies and habitat. All these
nymphs were living in rotten tree trunks, were dark in color,
flattened horizontally, with wide faces, even in such forms as
Zoraida; both in appearance and habitat they are similar to
many species of Oliarus, but the females do not possess the large
wax-plate at the end of the abdomen. Although the adults of
some species collect in such numbers in cane fields, where they
are very conspicuous on account of the habit they have of often
sitting near together, in Indian-file, with their long wings over
their backs, yet Sis never do any considerable damage ; this must
be attributed to the habit of the young of not feeding on sugar
cane, for if they did their number, which is much greater than
that of the adults, would cause considerable damage.

Another strange feature of these swarms of Derbidae is that
they generally consist of only one sex and at such times it is very
difficult to find the opposite sex.

That this interesting family of leaf-hoppers has been greatly
neglected is shown by the fact that we know so little about their
life histories and that I, although only collecting them inciden-
tally, have been able to add 16 genera and 96 species to it. My
collection is by no means representative as, confined to the culti-
vated areas by my special work, I collected but little in the natural
forest where these forms are most numerous and diversified.

None of this family exists in the Hawaiian Islands, and even
if one or more species should ever become established here, the
fact of the young living in rotten timber would confine them to
very limited areas.

29
CLASSIFICATION.

Among the characters which Stal ascribes to this family, the
short, or very short, apical segment of labium is the most dis-
tinctive. Nisia, Suva and Phaconeura all possess a long apical
labial segment; many of the species of these genera also. possess
a median facial ocellus and a large wax plate at the end of the
female abdomen, characters which belong to the Cviriinae; the
neuration of their tegmina is also very different from any Derbid.
For these reasons I exclude them from the family Derbidae, but,
inconsistently, have included them in this Bulletin because sev-
eral of our greatest authorities on Homoptera have considered
them as Derbids. There is no doubt that Kermesia is closely al-
lied to these three genera and will also have to be removed from
the Derbidac, although, according to Distant, it has a minute
apical joint to the labium.

I have used the neuration of the tegmina for dividing the
family into groups, and again for redividing the groups; it thus
becomes necessary to use a more definite nomenclaiure than is
usual with many workers in Homoptera. The terminology of Com-
stock and Needham has been employed as it is the one that is most
generally known. To make sure of the different systems of
nerves I have followed the development of the tracheal system
in the tegmina of the nymph of several groups of Homoptera.
The contention that without studying ne development it is some-
times difficult, or impossible, to decide to which group the vein
belongs, is no argument against the use of this system, as the
same disadvantage is attached to any system. When we do
know the development of a greater number of forms, | believe
we shall be able to divide the Fulgoroidea into better defined and
more numerous families. I have not used the neuration of the
wings, as in so many forms they are so covered with waxy se-
cretions that only by taking them off and cleaning them can the
neuration be seen with any certainty, an operation that many
workers would not perform with many of the small, delicate
species, which are at present so rare in collections. Next to
the tegmina the head and thorax present the best characters. In
many forms there is a well-developed process below the antenna,
the subantennal process, either in the form of a deep keel or
plate, or a more or less spatulate organ. The best character on
the pronotum is the absence or presence of the “shoulder keel”;
this is a large carina, or flange, running from the anterior margin
behind the eyes to the hind margin, with which it often amalga-
mates, forming, together with the lateral edges, which are some-

times curled forward, a _post-antennal chamber.” The short-
ness of the pronotum is oftimes more apparent than real, on ac-
count of the median portion standing nearly perpendicular, being
bent in the middle and fitted into the emargination of the vertex.
The absence or presence of carinae on pronotum or scutellum
is a very uncertain character, as many small light-colored species
appear to have carinae on account of the three dark longitudinal
marks, indicating the attachment of the thoracic muscles.

For specific distinction it is hecessary to compare the genital
armature in certain groups. The present study shows that very
few species have a wide distribution among the Malay Islands,
but certain of the species are difficult to separate except by the
genitalia.

The family can be divided into four groups:

1. Tegmina exceptionally long and narrow, wings less than half
the length of tegmina, sometimes very minute..Group III
Tegmina not long and narrow, wings more than half the
length sO tepmima es) 2 ec he tes wees Clee ae 2

Cubital veins not reaching to hind margin of tegmen, but
ending in the extended claval vein; third claval cell open,
extending along hind margin to last apical median cell... .

Shr SNe fe ere Gs Os Arete 2 cal sod yale gies ae a a Group II
Cubital veins ending in hind margin of tegmen, third claval
cell closed, not extending to last apical median cell...... 3

3. Cubitus simple or furcate, not running into first median
SECO erie Pere Sipe AY, Ue eerie ee Group I
Cubitus with three or more branches (or the cubitus con-
nected with the first median sector, forming an angular
onidiamond-shapeveell)i. fs 20. etal ie Group IV

The first, or Cenchrea, group is a natural one, and the forms
included in it are closely allied; in many of the genera the sys-
tems of neuration are all separated from the base of the tegmina,
such forms being the most generalized of the Derbidae. Phaci-
ocephalus miltodias and P. pullatus are of interest as showing
the commencement of the modification which distinguishes group
two, namely, the opening of the third claval cell and the failure
of the cubital veins to directly reach the posterior Marcin. yet
it @27 see leat bt alee)

The second, or Otiocerus, group is also a homogeneous one
and follows naturally after group one; it contains some of the
most fantistically shaped insects of the family, such as Sweseyia

with its bizarre shaped head, and Megatropis, with its wonderful,
separate head-keels.

The third group is distinctly divided into two subgroups, the
relationship between them being very indistinct and uncertain.
The Sikiana subgroup consists ‘of delicate little creatures, with
wings apparently wholly devoted to sound production; the Zo-
raida subgroup also has very small wings with large anal areas,
devoted to sound production, but never so greatly reduced as in
the Sikiana section. It is among the Zoraida section that the
.most conspicuous forms of the family are to be found, and from
whence the forms generally chosen to illustrate the family are
taken. Among the genera of this section Zewgma stands apart
as possessing both shoulder keels and subantennal processes and
demonstrates the uselessness of the structure of head and thorax
for primary divisions. Diostrombus and Comma are the two
forms which approach nearest to the Sikiana section.

The last group is not a natural one; it consists of Derbe and
Mysidia, which approach the Zoraida section of group three, the
Rhotana section, which is somewhat aberrant, and the Nisian
eenera, which are not true Werbids. There is. a touch
of irony in the fact that Derbe, the type genus of the family, is
not truly characteristic of any of the main groups. By discard-
ing Nisia and its allies, and placing Derbe and Mysidia in the
Zoraida group, the small Rhotana group could remain unat-
tached.

Unfortunately there are certain genera of which the descrip-
tions are not complete enough to enable me to include them in
my tables. Working in a place away from large collections and
libraries, one is dependent upon one’s friends more fortunately
situated. My thanks are due to the United States National Mu-
seum for sending me specimens for examination, and to Mr. W.
L. Distant of the British Museum, for specimens, answers to
many questions and much valuable information.

Roban and Pekalongan are in Java, Telok Ayer, Pontianak
and Mowong in Borneo, and Laloki in British New Guinea.

When working with small and delicate insects like this family
I use a Greenough binocular, as a single hand-lens is not suitable
to recognize carinae, etc.

The measurements are from front of head to end of pygophor,
not including the genital styles, and from base to apex of one
tegmen.

(Onl

2:
HO:

32
GROUP I.

Subcosta and radia separate from near base of tegmen

(subcostal hcellloncat ea ei tice area ee eee eae 2
Subcosta and radia contiguous to middle or beyond middle
ot tegen (Subcostal *cell< Short) yet ieee eee 8
Subanténnallprocessuabsent or very) small: see eee 3
Stbantennalt processwell developed. once.2 oe see 7
Shoulder keels absent, or only slightly developed....... +
Shouldemkeels well developed! acc. see a eee 5
In profile face and vertex angular; lateral keels of face
MOC ACOMPIS UO TIS At ay calen Cee, Palanan ha ore Voter oe ca Goneokara
In profile face and vertex rounded; lateral keels of face
CONTSTOLS HtO> Near SAME... wm eee oe eee eee Cyclokara
Vertex wide, length subequal to width of base....:.... 6
Vertex narrow, much longer than wide... .Basileocephalus
Pace with central, doneitidinal keel Yass ..5- 42 Syntames
Face without central longitudinal keel...... Phacioce phalus
race: distinctlycentrallnnuwkeeled. i.e. oe aer: Eocenchrea
acer MOL i Cembiallliy ICO LOG: \ayu techs Sony selec we Sie cease Cedusa
Media forking from radia one-third from base of teg-
CNet ke cAn Mohan *Cenchrea, *Herpis? *Persis?
Media and radia separate from very near base......... ete,
Subantenmal process MLeseMt nj. 2 ae esscNe mcs aa eee 10
Sibantenale process: AbSenty sip ikctene cis cents eon eae iB)

Vertex and face in profile forming a curve..Cyclometopum
In profile head angular at junction of face and vertex...
ERAT AS ys 0c Tans terrey Nk Gta eee fe ee *Lamema, Thyrocephalus
Vertex and face narrow, subparallel, apex of face nar-
Tower han pase On Clypeus. 2.0.05 ee eae *Dawnaria
Vertex about as broad as long, apex of face as wide as
Pare OR IClyPeus ey wiete cin sak «8 Aeon oat E eee 12
Clypeus triangular, medianally and laterally keeled......
Clypeus moderately convex and centrally keeled........
Fe ue oe EERE ee RR ES em ere Cr *Parandenina

Goneokara gen. nov.

Type, pullum.
Pronotum wider than head. Vertex wider at base than long,

base with fine keel, obtusely angularly emarginate; narrowing
evenly but slightly to the truncate apex ; sides very broadly keeled,

* Indicates in this and the following tables that I have not seen specimens of

the genus.

2
Fore)

studded with wax pits; face and vertex distinctly separated by
transverse keel; face slightly narrowed in middle, widening at
base, sides deeply keeled, keels with wax pits; clypeus flattened,
tricarinate, the lateral ones joining the facial keels; a very small
subantennal process; male antennae with second joint globular,
a little longer than wide, slightly enlarged toward apex, female
antenna smaller and not so globular; pronotum short, broadly
angularly emarginate behind, shoulder keels very small; scutellum
longer than broad, tricarinate, the lateral carinae fading out on
basal half; tegmina fairly short and broad, neuration near to Ce-
dusa; granulate on first claval vein and costa. The head and
thorax of this is as in Vekunta, but the tegmina is very different.

(1) G. pullum sp. nov. (¢ @ )
Pismitticn 2h andl hse6

Vertex, abdomen and notum fuscous brown, face, clypeus,
rostrum, legs, and ventral side of thorax lighter brown; tegmina
fuscous brown, a small yellowish-white stripe across the apex of
costal cell, tips of apical veins whitish; wings fuscous, dark-
veined.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.

Habitat, Telok Ayer.

Cyclokara gen. nov.
Type, C. girdlestoni.

In profile vertex and face forming continuous curve, eyes
large, round, slightly emarginate below, antennae small, cylin-
drical, not reaching to edge of gena, about twice as long as broad ;
no subantennal process. Vertex small, acutely triangular, base
angularly emarginate and keeled, laterally finely keeled; face
very narrow, slightly broadening apically below eyes, sides finely
keeled, keels contiguous to near apex; clypeus tricarinate ; prono-
tum of medium length, broadly and roundly emarginate behind,
medianly keeled, shoulder keels nearly obsolete, a fine transverse
carina from middle to the posterior end of shoulder keel; scutel-
lum tricarinate, broader than long, rounded anteriorly, lateral
angles behind middle, posterior margin subangular ; apex of hind
tibae with one large spine on outer and a group or four to five
spines on inner side. Tegmina long, apically pointed, second
cubitus vein branched, first median ‘sector arising well beyond
middle, costa distinctly granulated along basal third. The shape
and neuration of this tegmina distinguishes this genus; 1t comes
into the Basileocephalus group.

(1) guirdlestoni (3) sp. nov.
Pls, 1) fre 3; LM ties. Ae

Head, thorax, and legs yellowish tinged with red, abdomen red,
brightest above, with a abiek mark in maddie of dorsum; genital
styles yellow on basal third, black on apical two-thirds ; tegmina
fuscous, red-veined, a black mark over base of radio-apical and
first three medio-apical cells; wings uniformly fuscous, red-
veined.

Length, body 2 mm., tegmen 4.5 mm.

Habitat: Mowong. I ie the pleasure of naming this little
insect aiter Mir, I; Girdlestone, to whom I am indebted for many
kindnesses during my stay at his house at Mowong.

(2) fulvum (¢) sp. nov.

Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen dirty yellow, a small black
triangular mark on ‘dorsum and a small black dot on each side of
abdomen, genital styles pale yellow, eyes deep chocolate brown;
tegmina hyaline, opaque with waxy secretion, yellow-veined, i
regularly marked with fuscous at base of subcostal cell, continu-
ing over apex of radial cell to hind margin and to apex, all apical
cells more or less fuscous, being darkest on the cross-veins from
subcostal to third radial vein; wings fuscous, dark-veined.

Length of body 2.2 mm.; tegmen 4.5 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

Phaciocephalus Wirk.
(1) favocollaris sp. nov. ( é ).

Differs from vitiensis by its slightly shorter pronotum and less
pronounced scutegial carinae. Head, pronotum, tegulae, and
legs reddish-yellow ; scutellum and the sides of abdomen tinged
with red, anal tube fuscous, genital armature yellowish, last tar-
sus and labial joint fuscous; tegmina fuscous brown, darker at
base, veins slightly darkened, a dirty white, transparent spot on
costal border at end of costal cell.

Length, body 3.5 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Tuloc Ayer.

(2) v“aitle: sp. nov. Ce" ).

Vertex a little longer than type; tegmina as in pullatus. Head,
body, thorax, legs, and tegmina yellow inclined to salmon; poste-
rior half of tegmina, including clavus, more distinctly salmon, a
small fuscous mark at end of subcosta, with a reddish mark be-

hind it, the fuscous mark sometimes running into the salmon-
colored streak, making it fuscous ; wings white and white-veined.
Lateral edges of genital claspers subparallel to near tip, where it
becomes spatulate and rounded.

Length, body 4 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat: Laloki.

I take the pleasure of naming this pretty little insect after Mr.
F, Rattle, with whom I lived during my two visits to the Laloki
district of Papua.

(3)" concolor sp: nov.,'(?.).

Vertex and tegmen as in pullatus. Like the proceeding, but
uniformly light reddish-yellow. Besides the absence of the color
on the inner half of the tegmen, the male genital claspers separate
this species, being longer, widest about one-third from base,
where it is produced into an obtuse point on upper edge, and
then narrowed to a fine, upward-turned point at the apex.

Length of body 4 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat: Waloki:
(4) funebris sp. nov. (6 @ ).

Vertex perceptibly shorter than wide; tegmen peculiar in hav-
ing the first medial sector forked from near its base. Dorsal as-
pect dark fuscous brown, ventral aspect and legs yellowish-brown ;
tegmina and wings fuscous, dark-veined. The whole insect, in-
cluding wings and tegmina, generally covered with flocculent
waxy secretion. Genital claspers short, produced into curved,
pointed process on upper distal corner, and into a short round
process on lower distal corner.

Length of body 3.7 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat. earat:
Cedusa, Fowler.
Biol. Centr. Amer. Rhyn., vol. I, p. 112, Pl. 11, Fig. 28.
(1) GC. funesta (type), Fowler, t. c.p. 112.
(2) -G. venosa,» Fowler. t. ¢ po llZ,
(3) °C, vulgaris (Bitch).

Poeciloptera vulgaris. Fitch. 1857, Cat. N. Y. Insects.
Lamenia vulgaris. Ubler 1884 and others.

(4) C. kulia (Nirk).
Lamenia kulia, Kirk., H. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. 1, p. 400. This

species has the face wider at apex than in vulgaris.

(5) C. borneensis sp. nov. (4).

Light brown, inclining to yellow on ventral side. Tips of ros-
trum fuscous; dorsum of abdomen dark brown; eye castaneous ;
tegmina yellowish, slightly fuscous over apical half, veins slightly
darker: wings light yellowish with slightly darker veins. Ventral
edge of py gophor truncate, lateral edges slightly convexly curved;
and segment about twice as long as broad, parallel sided, rounded
at apex, anus on basal third; styles subquadrate, ventral edge
slightly convexly curved, apical edge turned slightly inward, a
strong inwardly curved spine on dorsal apical corner.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3.5

Habitat: Teloc Ayer.

This species agrees in neuration and structure of head with C.
kulia, the only other species at present known from the Malays.

Stal figured his type of Lamenia on Plate IV of “Eugenies
Resa” in a very careful manner; the neuration is quite distinct
and plainly shows that the subcosta and radia are joined, and
that the vertex is longer than broad. It is very near to Thyroce-
phalus, WKirk., but until I can examine L. caliginea I keep them
distinct. L. vulgaris can be placed in Cedusa, the other Ameri-
can forms I have not examined, L. kulia also belongs to this
genus.

I am not acquainted with Herpis, which Stal synonymized with
Lamenia. It is possible that it does not agree with my restricted
Lamenia but with Cedusa, in which case Hiese forms will have to
be placed under Herpfis.

Eocenchrea gen. nov.

Type E. maorica Wirk.

In profile vertex and face gradually curved, very slight angula-
tion at junction of vertex aul face. Vertex about fan as long
as broad, base and apex nearly truncate, slightly narrowed at
apex, excavate in middle, transverse keel separating vertex from
face; face laterally angulate and broadest about one-fourth from
apex, then narrowing to apex, lateral keels deep, distinct median
carina; large subantennal process from angle of face to back of
gena; antennae oval, small; lateral ocellus beneath eye; clypeus
large, flattened, tricarinate, lateral carinae large; pronotum short,
shoulder keels very small; scutellum as long as broad, lateral

angles about middle, indistinctly tricarinate, especially the lateral
ones. Tegmen with long subcostal cell, four median sectors, the
first furcate.

Cencharea dorsalis, West., has a very short subcostal cell and
the media arises from the radia about one-third from the base
of the tegmina; the figure of this species also shows an antennal
chamber formed by the pronotum (shoulder keels being large
and the subantennal process absent); therefore maorica cannot
be included with dorsalis. Lamenia hiva Wirk. agrees with mao-
rica, but the facial keels are not so deep. The presence of the
median facial keel also divides this genus from Cenchrea or La-
menia.

(1) Eocenchrea maorica (Kirk.).
Cenchrea maorica Kirk. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc.. TH. 2. p. 80.
(2) Eocenchrea hiva Kirk.
Lamema iva Kirk. H. S. P. A. Ent. Bull. I. p. 404.
ae Dist.

Temesa, Melich. Hom. Faun. Ceylon. p. 40 Nom. praeocc.

Vekunta, Dist. Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. III p. 287. n. nom.*

This genus was placed by Melichar among the Cixiidae, but

was considered by Kirkaldy to be a Derbid. My two species,
which conform to Melichar’s generic characters and have a sim-
ilar tegminal neuration, possess a short apical labial joint. The
absence of a distinct subantennal process separates this genus
from Thyrocephalus.

(1) hyalina ’sp. nov. (¢ ).
Riel sic:

Pale yellow; lateral third of scutellum fuscous, darkest on
hind margins; dorsum of abdomen fuscous; a round black spot
en mesopleura, another on metapleura; tegmina hyaline, tinged
with light fuscous-yellow on distal half; dark fuscous over costa,
along hind margin a narrow mark from radial cross-vein to apex,
apical edge and: veins fuscous ; wings hyaline, light-veined. Gen-
ital style narrow for basal third, As roundly “widened to near
the truncate apex; one-third from base there is a short thick bi-
lobed process, with small hooks on the lobes and near base, also
a small curved spine a little way beyond this process.

Length of body 3.3 mm.; tegmen 4.4 mm.

Habitat: Java

Saline: Distant’s description of this genus I think “face” in the first line
should read ‘‘vertex’ and ‘‘vertex” in the fourth line ‘‘face.’’

(3) badia sp. nov. (6 2).

Face slightly wider than in hyalina and keels not so deep. Dark
brown, inclining to black on dorsum; legs, rostrum and antennae
yellowish, except the last tarsal and labial joints, which are dark;
tegmina dark brown, a small yellowish patch at end of costal cell,
reaching from costa to media, with a dark spot in the middle of
it; wings brown, dark-veined.

Length of body 2.4 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.
Lamenia Stal.

Eugenies Resa, p. 277. PI. IV fig. 5-5b.

Type Delphax caliginea Stal. Ofv. af. K. Vet- Ak. Forh. 1854,
p. 246.

Habitat: Taiti.

For reasons stated under Cedusa, I have separated this species
from such forms as Lamenia vulgaris. I consider it likely that
Thyrocephalus Kirk. will eventually be sunk into this genus.

Thyrocephalus Kirk,

ES. Pe AY Ents Bull} 429 - Bulls 2 169) text fic2

The type of this genus (leucopterus), owing to a defective
specimen, was characterized as having a 5-carinate scutellum and
so illustrated; it has only a central carina. The tegmen figured
in Bull. III has the first cubitus vein abnormally approaching the
media (media-cross vein very small), another specimen has it
absolutely touching. This genus is near to Stal’s Lamenia and
may be eventually. synony mized therewith.

(1) T. flavo-monile sp. nov. (¢ ¢@ ).

Pronotum, head, legs and ventral side of thorax and abdomen
yellow, scutellum dark brown, distal portion of facial keels, cly-
peus, mark on metapleura, anterior and middle tibiae and upper
portion of obdomen fuscous; tegmina hyaline, slightly opaque,
brown veined, the brown spreading out broad toward base of
veins, filling most of the clavus; wings hyaline, brown-veined.
Tegmina, wings and body covered with white flocculent waxy
secretion. Genital style with fairly long, pointed and curved
apex; anal segment narrowly rounded at apex.

Length of body 4.6 mm.; tegmen 4.7 mm.

Habitat : Amboina, Ceram, “and Larat.

The nymph of this species has a broad face, the sides outwardly
curved, narrowest at apex and base, a wide area, about a fourth,
along each side being beset with wax pits.

Sy)

(2) T. flavo-maculatus sp. nov. (2 @ ).
Pi ito: els

Head, thorax, abdomen and tegmina black or brownish black;
legs yellowish, last tarsal and labial joint and two bands on front
tibiae fuscous; a yellow spot tinged with red on costa at end of
costal cell, wings fuscous, dark-veined ; base of tegmina and wings
reddish; genial style long, narrow, curved at tip and pointed,
apex of anal tube sharply pointed, sides of pygophor produced
into a curved point.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmen 4.6 mm.

Habitat: Laloki.
(3) T. laratensis sp. nov. (¢ ).
Pie tise:

Similar to favomaculatus, but yellow spot on tegmina smaller.
The genitalia shows that this is quite distinct from flavomacula-
tus; the genital style is longer, thinner and more curved at apex;
the anal segment bluntly rounded at apex and the side of the
pygophor bluntly produced.

Length of body 2.6 mm.: tegmen 4 mm.

Habitat: Larat.
(4) T. pseudolaratensis sp. nov. (2 ).
Pl. I figs. 2, 24.

This species is like Jaratensis except for the genitalia, the apex
of anal tube being emarginate and the apex of genital style thin
and curved.

Length of body 2.8 mm.; tegmen 4.3 mm.

Habitat: Amboina.

(5), sd. croceusssp. nov. (Cd) )’.

Saffron color; pronotum, vertex and tegulae lighter than scu-
tellum; legs lighter than body; last tarsal joint and apex of tibia
blackish; face (especially the keels) and dorsus of abdomen fus-
cous; eyes dark brown; tegmina hyaline, veins pale yellow, the
whole thickly covered with waxy secretions, making it opaquely
white, subcostal and first and second medial apical cells fuscous;
wings white, light veined. Anal tube flattened toward apex,
curved downward and emarginate at apex, sides of pygophor ob-

tusely angularly produced, the apex pointed; genital styles
straight along lower edge, pointed at apex which is outwardly
curved, a spine-like process situated on inner side near base.
Length of body 3.6 mm.; tegmen 4.8 mm.
Habitat: Teloc Ayer.

(6) T. fuscorostratus sp. nov. (¢ @ ).

Vertex slightly shorter than in croceus, making angle between
face and vertex slightly greater ; keels on face not so large. Head
and thorax dark yellow, facial keels, front of clypeus, margin of
tegulae, last labial joint fuscous; abdomen dorsally dark, ven-
trally light ; tegmina hyaline, yellowish, a long triangular fuscous
mark in second radial and radio-apical cells, the distal portion of
last medial and two cubital veins fuscous, slightly fucous on base
of costa and along claval veins; wings slightly fuscous, dark
veined. This species is near croceus, but the genitalia is distinct,
the genital claspers being slightly narrower and the apex of anal
segment rounded, with a large downward pointing spine on each
side near apex.

Length of abdomen 3 mm.; tegmen 4.6 mm.

Habitat: Welok Ayer:

(7) E. nireus sp. nov. Cs).

Facial keels fairly deep, perceptibly converging about middle.
Light vellow, facial keels, dorsum of abdomen and last labial joint
fuscous; a round black spot on metapleura; tegmina vitreous,
claval and distal ends of cubital veins smoky; wings smoky vi-
treous, dark-veined. Anal segment rounded at apex; genital
styles slightly spatulate at end, tounded at apex.

Length of body 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.

Habitat: Roban, Java

(8) T. pseudotypicus sp. nov. ( é ).
Pll fe 5

Head, pronotum, legs and abdomen testaceous, face (especially
keels) fuscous ; abdomen dorsally blackish; tegmina hyaline,
opaquely white through waxy secretion, a fuscous mark in apical
subcostal and first apical median cells. This species is very close
to the type of the genus (leucopterus ), but the genitalia is very
distinct. A genital stvle of each is figured as that is the more
easily observed part of this structure, but the penis presents more
marked differences.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmina 4 mm.

Habitat: Teloc Ayer.

(2) i cbscurus Spx nov. (ds):
Peal ies 6:

Only by the genitalia am I able to distinguish this species from
leucopterus with any certainty. The anal tube is pointed at apex,
the genital clasper is figured.

Length of body 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.
Habitat: Teloc Ayer.

(10) T. fullaway sp. nov. (¢ ).

Brown; keels of face and vertex and subantennal process
lighter brown, antennae, borders of pronotum, legs (except front
and middle coxae, which are brown) and metasterna yellow, front
and apices of middle tibiae fuscous, pleurae of abdomen yellowish,
hind margins of abdominal segments reddish; tegmina brown,
costal border and a large spot at end of costa yellow; wings fus-
cous brown with dark veins; both tegmina and wings more or
less covered with white waxy secretion.

Male pygophor truncate on ventral edge, slightly and roundly
produced at sides; length of anal segment slightly more than
twice the breadth, anus slightly before middle. Widest slightly
beyond anus, narrowing to the rounded apex, lateral edges on
basal half turned down, roundly produced about middle. Genital
styles long and narrow, reaching beyond end of anal segment,
apex turned inward and upward, ending in a fine spine; upper
edge straight, lower edge straight to near curve where there is a
small angular projection; two small projections on inner side
near base.

Length 2.7 mm.; tegmen 4.4 mm.

Hab.: Island of Guam. Mr. D, T. Fullaway’s collection, no.
1219:

This comes nearest to laratensis, but is easily distinguished by
the styles being narrower and not drawn out into such long spines
at apices and the sides rounded and not so much produced, also
by the downward-turned lateral edges of the anal segment being
larger.

Cyclometopum gen. nov.

Type amboinense.

Vertex and face in profile forming a continuous curve; suban-
tennal process large, circular, attached to gena beneath the an-
tenna; antennae subovate, not reaching to middle of eye; lateral
ocelli present ; vertex slightly broader at base than long, slightly
narrowed at apex, base widely angularly emarginate, with narrow

keel, sides with broad keels beset with wax pits; transverse keel
dividing face from vertex; face subparallel with large lateral
keels beset with wax pits on inner side; clypeus broad at base,
tricarinate, lateral carinae very distinct, wider apart at base than
keels of face. Pronotum short, widely angularly emarginate be-
hind, shoulder keels very small; scutellum as long as broad, lat-
eral angles about middle, distinctly tricarinate. Tegmina very
near to Thyrocephalus, the radial cross-vein very short, media
with two sectors, cubitus furcate.

This genus is separated from Thyrocephalus by the rounded
profile of the head and the circular subantennal process.

(1) C. amboinense (¢) sp. nov.
Pis Whe. 254 Mites 12.

Shiny black, the tip of clypeus, labium and legs yellowish.

Tegmina and wings black, a minute red spot at end of sub-
costal cell.

Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, lateral edges sinuous, anal
segment about three times the length of the width of base, anus a
little beyond middle, in profile it is swollen, apex angularly
emarginate forming two downward-pointing points; styles long,
narrow, subparallel sided, reaching to end of anal segment, dorsal
edge slightly curved, ventral edge with small rounded projection
about a third from apex, apex forming an inwardly turned point.

Length 2.8 mm.; tegmen 3.6 mm.
Habitat: Amboina.

GROUP II.

1. Media not arising from radia, or arising before forking
of, subcosta, and: radian: ...24 cosets ee aaa eee 2

Media not separating from radia until after forking of
subcosta ‘and radia: os 20.4.0... bee eel oui seer eee 28

2. First median sector arising before apical third of tegmen.. 3
Median sectors confined to apical third or tegmen, first
cubitus often joining second, enclosing second cubital
(ote) | beeen ae ae yeas ee atet Ee Ae 3: Ze
3. Forking of subcosta and radia at or before the middle of
tesmen '(subcostallvcell lone) 2... \tsuc kee eee eee 4
Forking of subcosta and radia beyond the middle of teg-
men: Csubcostalvcell: Shot uy . ici oe eee 19

t In Robigus the first median sector is before the apical third, but it comes into
this group.

4. Antennae with first joint well developed and flattened...

Mea ey oo kh ce esd apace, chet ead es OA ON y Patera:
AGitennae, withetitst joint very small... uM. 56.200 eee. 5
See NCCI PEC IMATCU 4. ics i510. 4.2. wick tere one eptreye Devadanda*
PMHbeMMMa ceil Oe PECHMUALEG. W120, 2.2 Sac ceate octal aonsrennee Ae 6
Ga Genae, without subantennal processes. ......5.. 04 -o- 7;
Gende wich subantennal processes 94.54.25 0.44505 % 40 oe 13

7. Vertex extending well beyond eyes, in profile more or less
anculaie DeEWeel Vertex, and face. 2a. oe. +5. secs 8

Vertex and face forming curve, not angular or greatly
extemGin cit TrONt OL YES .ca40 fee > 42% - Pyrrhoneura

8. Antennae reaching to anterior margin of head or beyond
eet I ee tcieete cle alot oa) siahts Kuranda§, Anotiat
Antennae not reaching to anterior margin of head...... g

9. Antennae having one or more “palpiform” appendages at
DeIS Came. Den aah rs cts ayays Uhre h eanuen ra. cut Aas Otiocerus§§
Pitennac wv ithOll sued appendages. 9.4. «a <a. cia ues 10
Owe ace not spabilakeratsDASC) a ctncak acwrocne sa 8s eae coy ie 11
Race esnatilateyabawase sos tscin capo ae fs oh canaes wea WW,
1l.. Vertex curved and recurved in profile ...... Kampulokara

Vertex straight or with only one curve 9 Phantasmatocera
12. Vertex slightly narrowed before apex but keels never

EOUCIIMOME eA cete le suk) aimee A teoce steals = 6 Phantasmatocera

Keels of vertex meeting about two-thirds from apex.....
NE er ccs Beek te ee a hia. seo aise Pe Sweseyia
OMEN Vibbechistinctrsmouider, keels) 5) as. xiao ai-ret cow eters oreiars Si 16
NEE nonon very dieht, shouldentkeels2> 20.09%. ser. % ° 14
14. Head round in profile, vertex not ascending...... Nesocora
FCAdhinipronlenwith vertex, aScen@ime..4. 52)... sly 5

15. In profile with vertex ascending and curved backward...
De oe ola a ORD BOER EE: SNe ee miner Ne Nesoniphas

In profile vertex slightly ascending but not curved back-
ELI Al AS ia ed nag PR PAN IO RIDER ee Nesoneura

16. Subantennal process spatulate, attached to gena by slender
Sica nM re Peart attest leas Wp Neneh eats cc. Ga fe lads rc ancnyshe. "= %b.= 17

Subantennal process not spatulate, attached to gena by
broad base. 3.5... - SNE Pos hes oon ee OIE Rca re 18

§ Archa is placed by Distant near to Kuranda. R

+ My knowledge of Anotia is too limited for me to give a character constant in
all the species. Amalopota differs from both Anotia and Kwranda by possessing
ocelli.

§§ O. rubescens Fowler, is not an Otiocerus but the figure and description does
not allow me to place it with accuracy.

Triopsis Sign. and Aulacocephala Montr. are stated to be allied to Otiocerus.

17. Face produced well in front of eyes, antennae small with
SensOry, OFSans. Very larSe- >. -picicm ete ere oe Kaha
Face not greatly produced in front of eyes, antennae larger
andsensory oLrcans not very latge Se... nema Nes okaha
18. Vertex truncate at apex, keels on vertex and face not con-
TEL ONS ciel gop wees tne he tel ve ava eek Sea CRM ede eee Lyricen
Vertex acutely angular at apex, keels meeting at apex of
vertex, contiguous on face to near apex....Paralyricen
19. In profile face not forming angle with vertex......Makula*
In profile’ face forming an angle with vertex...........; 20
20. In profile face very strongly curved, especially on apical
TAT sei. 2 cisacs Gade sate naive Sree Gas ps! Peatesenes eecterert Eosaccharissa
In profile face not so. strongly curveds.- 20... . ss. - eee Bi
21. Vertex “angularly widened between eyes’....... Tapoosa*
Vertex! ‘conically rounded anteriorly 7125.4: Kamendaka
Vertex with “its apex anculateds 2 s.1ars eee Chaprina*
22. Head projecting in front of eyes twice the length of scu-
CEMMtrIa sae Pele Mend caeee eam ose cas ete crocnne cer renee Vivaha*
Head not so greatly produced ssa tion Oey ors Wied eee Zo
23. In profile head produced to an acute angle at point of
meeting Of wvertex amd. faces 2k koe Interramma*
In profile’ vertex-and face not acutely angular...” 2.24. 24
24. Antennae tlarese Mat-and: broad. Gui .<05 eros Leptaleocera
Avtennaescylindtieal 4...2),<,<ti:.(5,-.7. suhauee ey eo ene fs)
25. Antennae long, reaching to anterior margin of head.....
se ed EA Ope Rie On OUI Sears BR oS Deribia*
Antennae not reaching to anterior margin of head...... 26
26. Vertex very acutely angular, base narrow, head much nar-
rOWwerthan: *promOttimMl 5. anya tn sti ce ahcee a ae eens Nicerta
Vertex: noteacutely aneoulat.... <2 coe oie ee eee 27
27. Vertex truncate at apex, broad at base, head nearly as
Wide: 2SaprOMObUtIN 23k. Wee cota eel in aeons Megatropis
Head distinctly narrower than pronotum, lateral margins
of pronotum ampliated, costal margin broken by a raised
portion-at send:ot costal cell... staat Robigus*
28. toubantennmalleprocess PreSemi. -i.0 oye es. 2 Veocyclometopum
Subantennal process absent =<.) 2.6. Se hee ee 29
29, Antennae ‘distinctly longer than face... .7..0i5e Platocera
Antennae. notlarcer than thaces. <7 20.4. 3 sae eee
5 Eh Tih Rene Sie p's: aon Heronax, *Niphadodite, *Phrat

+ The tvpe of this genus is not in the H. S. P. A. collection and the description
does not allow me to locate it with any certainty.

+ Distant refers this genus to Fenuahala (Heronax). My knowledge of it does
not permit me to define it.

Pyrrhoneura, Wirk.
Peace ents Bulls 1 434.

The absence of a subantennal process separates this genus from
Nesocora, and the circular shape of vertex and face in profile dis-
tinguishes it from the females of Phantasmatocera.

(1) P. tmmaculata sp. nov. (3 @ ).
Peis:

In profile vertex and face round, subparallel to the margin of
the eye. Stramineous; silghtly fuscous across the base of face;
tegmina hyaline, slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yel-
lowish; wings white, light-veined.

Hind margin of last abdominal segment produced angularly in
middle, with a pair of contiguous, blunt, downward-pointing pro-
cesses at apex. Male pygophor slightly emarginate on ventral
edge, rounded slightly on the sides, with a small angular projec-
tion from the inside; anal segment long, with anus at apex, a
small downward-turned, truncate process beyond anus; a little
before middle the sides produced into small angles; styles as
long as anal segment, curved along the lower edge, sinuous along
upper edge, apex turned upward.

Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.

Hab.: Amboina.
(CQ) ve. rubid.a Sp..mov.)(.0.).

The keels on face contiguous on basal half, thus being nearer
to citharista than saccharicida. Dark red; facial keels, labium
and legs yellowish; tegmina uniformly fuscous with red veins,
wings higher fuscous with red veins; both wings and tegmina
opaque with waxy secretion.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3.4 mm.

Habitat: Rewa, Fiji.

Kampulokara gen. nov.

Type cacnosum.

Head slightly narrower than pronotum. In profile vertex
curved and recurved; face sinuous; pointed at junction of vertex
and face; antennae cylindrical, set low down on gena, reaching
to top of eye; eye round, slightly emarginate below. Base of
vertex wide, roundly emarginate, without keel; sides with wide
keels beset with wax pits, vertex narrowing towards apex, which
is slightly emarginate; face slightly widening to apex, keels shal-

low at base, deepening toward apex ;clypeus tricarnate, median
one obscure ; pronotum short, sinuously, angularly emarginate be-
hind; scutellum a little longer than wide, lateral angles slightly
behind middle; central carina obscure; lateral carinae well ele-
vated in middle, appearing as two small, longish tubercles. Teg-
mina differing from Phantasmatocera in having the first median
section forked and the cubitus simple. This genus comes near
to Sweseyia and Phantasmatocera.

(1) D. caenosum sp. nov. ( 2 )
Pl it fe. 4, 4a, Pl I as. 7,

Stramineous, fuscous mark across gena, lateral portion of pro-
notum and scutellum, eye black; tegmina and wings hyaline,
opaquely white with waxy secretion, white-veined; radia, media
and cubitus tinged with black, slightly fuscous in clavus.

Length of body 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.

Habitat : Larat.

Phantasmatocera, Wirk.

Pees. P. cA. Ente Bull, b 430; | Bull fal A777
Arunta Distant, A. M. N. H. (7) XIX 406.

Nesophantasma Kirk. Ent. Bull. III 177.

Kirkaldy erected this genus for two species, arborea (type) and
VItLENSIS ; subsequently he erected a new genus, Nesophantasma,
for the latter species. I now have two species which agree with
Phantasmatocera, all the specimens being males, and nine species
which agree with Nesophantasma, all the specimens being fe-
males, two of which agree in all details, except the shape of the
head, to P. arborea and P. nigromaculata. The two species, la-
lokensis and papuensis, are only represented by females and the
shape of the head is intermediate. I believe that this is a genus
with slight sexual dimorphism in the shape of the head and that
Kirkaldy was correct in his original decision, which I revert to.

(1) FP. arborea Kirk. (6 9)
Elie Oar
Arunta rubrovenosa, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) XIX 406.

(@) The marking agree with the male. Vertex very slightly
narrowing toward apex, sides very slightly sinuous, face subpar-
allel sidec d, antennae reaching slightly beyond eyes, smaller than
in male; posterior margin of last ventral abdominal segment
widely angular, the apex produced into two small points, turned
somewhat ventrally, in profile angular near base.

laa oe ~"

47
(1) P. nigromaculata ( 8 2 ), sp. nov.

(¢) Face not quite so spatulate at base as in type, antennae
longer and flatter, reaching to front of head. Stramineous, a
broad fuscous band from base of face, through eye, sides of pro-
notum and scutellum; clypeus, antennae and apical portion of
face fuscous, posterior ventral portions of abdomen fuscous ; teg-
mina opaquely white with waxy secretion, with nine or ten black
spots as follows: one in clavus, base of media, middle of cubitus,
end of cubitus, base of three median sectors and at base of third
apical median cell, the dots spreading out along nerves in some
cases; wings hyaline, light-veined, opaquely white with waxy se-
cretion.

(2?) Slightly lighter in color than male; antennae reaching
in length beyond eyes ; vertex very slightly sinuate along sides, face
nearly parallel sided. Posterior margin of last ventral plate
roundly produced in middle, finely cleft in center.

Length of abdomen 2 mm.; tegmen 3.7 mm.
Habitat: Larat.

(3) P. lalokensis sp. nov. ( @ ).
BI se

Vertex narrowing slightly toward apex, face subparallel sided ;
antennae reaching slightly beyond eyes. In coloration body and
head as in migromac ulata. Tegmina hyaline, opaquely white with
fuscous secretion, veins in apical half tinged with red, fuscous in
base of clavus, two spots in cubital cell, Pouceous along the sides
of media and spreading into apex of subcostal cell, black spot at
base of third, and fuscous in last two apical, median cells; wings
hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins in middle
wing red. Hind margin of last abdominal segment widely angu-
laretherapex tinely clett.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.
Habitat: Laloki.

(4) P. papuana sp. nov. ( @ ).
lS let kas

Sides of vertex more sinuous than in /alokensis, face narrower.
Color as in lalokensis, but darker, the whole abdomen being dark
fuscous. Tegmina as in lalokensis, but the fuscousness much less

diffused. Hind margin of last abdominal segment drawn out into
a long broad process in middle, with two rounded contiguous
points at apex.

Length of body 2.7 mm.; tegmen 4.2 mm.
Habitat: Laloki.

(S)° owatiensis Kirk W028).
Pla.

Phantasmatocera vitiensis, Kirk. H.S. P. A. Ent. Bull. I.

Nesophantasma vitiensis, Kirk. H.S. P. A. Ent. Bull. HI.

Vertex shorter than in last four species, very slightly narrowed
toward apex; lateral margins of face subparallel; very slightly
narrowed toward apex; profile of head squarer than in arborea,
antennae reaching slightly beyond eyes, yellowish Hind margin
of last ventral abdominal plate gradually produced medianly, the
apex forming two rounded lobes.

(6) P. unopunctata sp. nov. (@ ).
Ply ees 2:

In profile head slightly longer, narrower and more ascending
than vitiensis. Stramineous, faint fuscous mark on gena througn
eye to lateral angle of scutellum; clypeus and ventral portions of
abdomen not fuscous ; antennae reaching slightly beyond eye, yel-
lowish ; tegminae opaquely white from waxy secretion; veins red-
dish, especially on apical half, a fuscous mark running longitudi-
nally through tegmen, darkest at base; a black spot at base of
second and third apical median cells. Hind margin of last ven-
tral abdominal segment angular, the apex angularly emarginate.

The male I associate with this species has the head very greatly
produced, the keels of vertex meeting together before the ex-
panded apex, thus approaching the genus Szweseyia; the antennae
reach beyond eyes and have the sense organs along the edges
dark; the coloration is the same as the female. Male pygophor
with a small, angular, lateral projection, anal segment about twice
as long as broad, widest at base, truncate at end, anus situated at
apex ; styles long, reaching slightly beyond anal segment, broad-
ened and curved at apex, with a small emargination on dorsal
edge near apex.

Length of body 2.6 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.
Habitat: Amboina.

(7) PP. pallidocornis sp. nov. (? ).
eilae)bae alsy

In profile head approaching vitiensis, but narrowed anteriorly.
Stramineous, antennae of same color, mark on gena to scutellum
indistinct ;tegmina hyaline, opaque with waxy secretions, two fus-
cous marks in cubital cell, along sides of media and apex of sec-
tors, apical cells cloudy, black spot at base of second and third
apical median cells. Hind margin of last ventral abdominal plate
like vitiensis, but not so much produced.

Length of body 2.3 mm.; tegmen 3.3 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

(8) P. pseudopalidocornis sp. nov. ( @ ).
| aa a

I have specimens from Queensland which I can only distinguish
from palidocornis with certainty by the last ventral abdominal
plate, which is more roundly produced, narrower, and the ventral
lobes (sheaths) narrower

Length 2.4 mm. - tegmen SPamiaaherl

Habitat: Queensland.

(9) P.megricornis sp. nov. (2° ).
PI itice 9

In profile head between wnopunctata and pallidocornis. Stra-
mineous, the dark mark on gena, through eye, to lateral angles
of scutellum, plain; antennae dark, beset with darker sense or-
gans; tegmina hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretions,
tinged with yellow on basal half, veins yellowish, anterior half of
media and bases of sectors blackish, small black spot at base of
second and third apical median cells; wings opaquely white, yel-
low-veined. Hind margin of last abdominal ventral plate pro-
duced in middle angularly, the apex produced into two contig-
uous, pointed processes, standing out at an angle to surface of
plate.

Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

(Cn eles pscudonigricornis Sp. nove, (2) ):.
iP ilsiees:

This differs from nigricornis in having the central half of the
last ventral abdominal plate steeply produced and angularly emar-
ginate at the apex.

Length 2.4 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

50
(11) P. ambigua sp. nov. (2 )
Piel hist:

Head in profile near to vitiensis, but slightly shorter and
broader. Stramineous, fuscous mark on gena, through eye, to
lateral angle of scutellum; antenna light, with darker sense or-
gans; tegmina hyaline, slightly clouded and partly opaque with
Waxy secretion, distal portion of radial, median and cubital sys-
tems red, fuscous in clavus, dark spot at base of second and third
apical radial cells. Wings opaquely white, reddish veined. Hind
margin of last abdominal plate fairly steeply produced in middle,
roundly bilobed at apex.

Length of abdomen 2.4 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

Swezeyia, Kirk.
i. S: P. A. Ent: Bull. 1430:
(1) SS. doranca sp.nov. Gd ):
Ese sel iO alent dele

This species differs from the type (/yricen) in having the an-
terior part of the head in lateral view broader and not upwardly
curved; it stands between S. /yricen and Phantasmatocera. Con-
sidering the great range of the shape of head in allied genera, I do
not consider it advisable to genericly separate this species, al-
though it differs so considerably from S. lyricen. Head, thorax,
legs and abdomen stramineous, a fuscous mark across gena,
through eye and sides of pronotum, and scutellum; tegmina “hya-
line, opaquely white with waxy secretion, infuscate down center
and on apical cells, a dark mark at base of third apical median
cell; wings hyaline, white-veined.

Length of body 2 mm.; tegmen 3 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

Nesocora, Kirk.
SP) AL ent. Balls TT 172.
Ci) AN. crocea, sp..mow. (6):

Keels on face not contiguous. Saffron, keels of face and
dorsum of abdomen fuscous; tegmina hyaline, opaque with waxy
secretion ; centrally irregularly suffused over greater portion with
fuscous, veins yellowish red; wings fuscous, dark-veined.

Length of abdomen 2.3 mm.; tegmen 3.7 mm.

Habitat: Fiji, on sugar cane.

(2), Neeoccinea sp. nov. Ca):

Keels of face contiguous to near apex (in fidicina Kirk. they
are not contiguous) scarlet, antennae, clypeus, legs and genital
style yellowish; tegmina fuscous hyaline, scarlet-veined, except
basal half of subcostal, radia, and radial cross vein, which are
white, a dark spot at base of third apical-median cell.

Length of abdomen 2.6 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.

I include this species in the genus, although it has the facia!
keels contiguous.

Nesoneura, Kirk.

Subgenus of Pyrrhoneura, FS: P:. A. Ent. Bull Iitip. Wr

The presence of a sub-antennal process, and the shape of head
in profile, separates this as a genus from Pyrrhoneura.

Nesokaha gen. nov.

Type piroensis.

In profile angulate at junction of vertex and face, vertex
slightly convex, base of face very slightly concave, then evenly
and convexly curved to apex; vertex triangular, roundly and
shallowly emarginate at base, which is without keel; sides slightiy
longer than base, with deep keels meeting at apex, studded witit
wax pits along edges; face very narrow, keels contiguous to near
apex ; clypeus rounded, tricarinate at base; antennae about twice
as long as broad, sense organs well elevated above surface; sub-
antennal process spatulate, with narrow stalk; gena beneath eyes
twice as broad as in front of eyes; pronotum fairly short, angu-
larly emarginate behind, shoulder keels well developed; scutel-
lum about as long as broad, lateral angles about middle, tricari-
nate on anterior half. Tegmina pointed at apex and ampliated
beyond clavus, neuration as in Kaha, but with two more apical
median veins.

(1) WN. piroensis sp. nov. (¢ ).
Piss Uist clii 13:

Head and thorax dorsally reddish brown, ventrally yellowish,
including antennae and legs. Tegmina opaquely fuscous, red
veined, which are brightest towards apex of tegmina; some
light and more transparent spots in clavus, cubital and median
cells, wings fuscous, dark-veined.

Length of body 2.6 mm.; tegmen 4.5 mm.

Habitat: Piroe, Ceram.

Sal

Kaha, Wirkaldy.
(1) Ke extrema sp. nov.5C2 )

Reddish brown, upper portion of face reddish brown, lower
portion white, semitransparent; tegmina hyaline, fuscous, red-
veined, lighter across clavus and middle of median cell; a series
of five small, triangular, white marks through apical portion of
costal cell, a black “mark over bases of second and third apical
median cell, wings fuscous, red-veined.

Length of body 2.7 mm.; tegmen 3.7 mm.

Habitat: Amboina.

(2) K. media sp. nov..( 2 ).
Petes

Head as in extrema, but processes on antennae not so long.
Reddish brown; genae semitransparent, dark round lower portion
of eye, extending as three angular markings to edge, of face;
clypeus and legs lighter; light streak down middle of scutellum ;
tegmina fuscous, markings as in extrema but darker, wings fus-
cous, red-veined.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

(3) K. ceramensis sp. nov. ( ¢ ).

Agreeing in structure with type (perfecta), head in lateral
view not extending so far as in media. Upper half of face black,
lower half transparent; clypeus and apex of face black, antennae
light yellow; pronotum and scutellum reddish-brown with broad
yellowish mark over keels; legs and genital styles yellowish, ab-
domen fuscous; tegmina and wings as in media.

Length of body 1.8 mm.; tegmen 3 mm.

Habitat: Ceram.

Paralyricen gen. nov.

Type jepson.

Head in profile projecting in front of eye, subovate in outline ;
antennae short, elongate ovate, about twice as long as broad;
subantennal flange large, stretching from back of gena to near
facial keels; eye broader than deep, emarginate on lower edge
Vertex projecting beyond eyes, narrow, acutely angular, hind
margin roundly emarginate w ith fine shallow keel, sides evenly
converging to apex w here the deep lateral keels meet; face very
narrow, keels contiguous from base to near apex; clypeus slightly

longer than face, flattened, distinctly tricarinate; pronotum very
short, perpendicular in middle, shoulder keels very large, forming
very complete antennal chamber, posteriorly deeply angularly
emarginate in middle; scutellum slightly longer than wide, the
lateral angles slightly behind middle, without carinae or with
three very “obscure carinae (three light marks on some specimens
look superficially, like distinct carinae). Tegmina as in Lyricen,
a little broader in proportion to length. Liricen differs from
this genus in having a subparallel- sided vertex with a truncate
apex, lateral keels of face never contiguous, face widening from
vertex to below eyes, then subparallel ; “clypeus conspicuously flat-
tened on sides, long and narrow in front, distinctly tricarinate.

(lL) Poyepsons sp: nov. (a 2)
Pike pollibe ts ORME iz ue)

Head, body and legs light yellow, fuscous on gena in front
of the dark brown eye; tegmina and wings hyaline with white
veins, sometimes suffused with fuscous over apical cells, both
opaquely white with waxy secretion. Hind margin of last ab-
dominal ventral plate of female angularly produced, the side of
the produced portion being evenly and concavely curved and
starting from the lateral angles of the plate. Male genital styles
narrow, sinuous, subparallel sided, rounded at apex.

Length of body 3 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Fiji. I take the pleasure of naming this little insect

aiter Mir i. Jepson of Fiji.
(2) P.knowlesi (2 ).

Head, body and legs reddish-yellow, three distinct carinae on
scutellum, tegmina yellowish hyaline with darker veins, wings
hyaline with yellowish veins; tegmina and wings slightly opaque
with waxy secretion. Male genital styles evenly curved along
edge, roundly expanded on apical two-thirds of upper edge, with
a small round emargination about middle, apex pointed.

Length of body 2.5 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Fiji. I take the pleasure of naming this little insect
after Mr. C. H. Knowles of Suva.

Eosaccharissa Kirkaldy.

AM, SOEs aime, Iolo EM 1ZA6).

Type &. Javana Kirk.
I cannot find the type of this genus among Kirkaldy’s collec-

tion, but my specimens of javana were taken in Java on sugar-
cane and conform to his description. I have recharacterized the
genus and figured the head of /aratica.

In profile vertex flat, projecting slightly beyond base of face;
face curved slightly at base, more strongly at apex; vertex an-
gular, sides with wide, slightly curved keels, beset with wax pits,
base roundly shallowly emarginate, unkeeled; face between eyes
narrow (keels contiguous), thence widening; antennae less than
the length of an eye, largest at apex; clypeus rounded, laterally
carinate at base; pronotum short, deeply angularly emarginate
behind; shoulder keels very small; scutellum longer than broad,
lateral angles behind middle, tricarinate. This genus differs
from Kamendaka in having its vertex projecting slightly beyond
base of face and the apex of face strongly curved.

C1) . javana (6-2 ).

Habitat: Pekalongan, Roban, Piroe and Amboina, on sugar-
cane. 7

(2) Eslaratica spe nove (Sr
| 2 Pas Ms daa Iho

Stramineous, fuscous on gena round ocellus and on dorsum of
abdomen ; eyes dark castaneous ; tegmina hyaline, opaquely white
with waxy secretion, apical portion of veins yellowish, light yel-
low spot in clavus, another at base of radia, a band from apex
of clavus to base of first median sector, a spot in middle of costal
and subcostal cells, all more or less obscured by waxy secretion ;
wings hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, dark-veined.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.
Habitat: Larat, on sugar-cane.

(3) E. obscura sp. nov. (9).

Stramineous, fuscous on clypeus, ventral portion of thorax and
abdomen; front tarsi and marks on tibiae and femora fuscous ;
tegmina hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion, veins yel-
lowish. a light yellowish mark over base of radial and medial
cells, apical half of tegmina suffusely light yellow, first and
second median apical cells fuscous ; wings hyaline, opaquely white
with waxy secretion, dark-veined.
Length: 2.5°mm.3teemen 3.8 mm.
Habitat: Larat, on sugar-cane.
It is possible that this is the female of Jaratica.

(4) E. sordida ( 6) sp. nov.

Antennae smaller than in Jaratica. Stramineous, legs lighter ;
fuscous band across gena to the castaneous eye; tegmina dirty
brown, lighter along costal and apical margin, veins slightly
darker; wings fuscous, dark-veined; wings and tegmina opaque
with waxy secretion.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.

Habitat: Pekalongan, on sugar-cane.

Kamendaka, Distant.
Faun. Brit. Ind. Rhyn. III p. 310.
GI)” australis sp. nova (2):

In profile vertex slightly ascending, keels on face contiguous
basal two-thirds; tegmina pointed at region of first three apical
median veins, otherwise agrees structurally with description of
type. Stramineous, reddish on vertex and on clypeus; eyes red-
dish-brown; tegmina hyaline slightly opaquely white with waxy
secretion, veins yellowish, irregular stramineous markings from
costa across base of radial cell to hind margin, broad along the
hind margin and over the apical portion of radial cell, fuscous
in subcostal, radial-apical, second, third and fifth median apical
cells and two black spots in costal cell; wings hyaline, white-
veined, opaquely white with waxy secretion.

Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 4.0 mm.

Habitat: Cairns, on sugar-cane. (Perkins and Koebele coll.)

(2) K. javana sp. nov. ( ¢ ).

In profile vertex slightly shorter than australis. Face very
narrow but keels not contiguous. Stramineous; dorsum of abdo-
men slightly fuscous, eye castaneous, tegmina hyaline tinged with
yellow, “which is mostly confined to posterior half, a round black
dot in third median apical cell

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3 mm.

Habitat: Java, on sugar cane.

(3) K. versicolor sp. nov. (é ).

Vertex slightly more ascending than in australis, angulation
of vertex with face more acute, face very narrow but keels not
contiguous.

Stramineous; dorsum of abdomen fuscous also across anterior
coxae; tegminae hyaline, opaquely white with waxy secretion,
yellow- Premed: irregular stramineous, markings in base of claval,

middle of medial, middle of costal, and radial cells, apex of

medial and claval cells, also across apical portion of tegmina,
black marks in two of the radial-apical and two of the medial-
apical cells and some irregular fuscous markings on the stramin-
eous bands.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3.3 mm.
Habitat: Manone. on sugar-cane.

(4) K. amboinensis sp. nov. ( é @ ).

Pale yellow; in male the dorsal surface of abdomen fuscous ;
vertex and basal portion of facial keels fuscous, reddish patch on
gena between base of face and eye; tegmina hyaline, opaquely
white with waxy secretion, veins yellowish, a fuscous mark
through middle of costal and apex of radial and medial cells, a
dark spot in apex of clavus.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 4.6 mm.
Habitat: Amboina, on sugar-cane.

This species is somewhat like spectra Dist., but the first an«
second median sectors arise very near together, and the apex of
the tegmina are angularly produced from first to fourth apical
median veins.

Nicerta, Walker.
Jour. Lin. Soc. London I 159, pl. 8, figs. 5-5a.
(1) WW. eruenta.sp. nov. (€ 2’).

In profile head conically produced in front, slightly ascending.
Head much narrower than pronotum; vertex long and narrow,
base roundly emarginate, without keel, sides deeply keeled, meet-
ing “at apex; face very narrow, composed of contiguous keels
which do not part at apex; clypeus shorter than face, well
rounded, without carinae, labium shorter than clypeus, reaching
to hind coxae ; antennae cylindrical, slightly constricted in middle,
extending slightly bey ond eyes Tegmina long and narrow, cos-
tal, radial anal median cells long, extendifig along two-thirds of
the tegmen, forking of cubitus beyond middle, three median sec-
tors in apical fourth of tegmina.

Yellow, eye reddish-brown, red streak across gena, genae
around antennae and antennae tinged with red, an irregular
blood-red streak across base of tegmina, another across middle of
clavus to cubitus, through middle of costa to media, two small

spots on basal half of costa, a spot at base of first median sector,
and several small red marks in apical cells ; wings hyaline, opaque
with waxy secretions, yellow-veined.

Length 3.7 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat: Amboina.

This appears to come near to NV. fervens, Walker.

Megatropis nov. gen.

Type coccineolinea.

In profile head semicircular to oblong, gena wide or very wide
in front of eye. Head slightly narrower than pronotum, vertex
broad at base, roundly emarginate, without keel, apex truncate,
half the width of base, sides straight, evenly converging to apex,
with deep keels, beset along edge with wax pits; face narrow,
parallel sided to apex, keels of vertex continued down sides of
face, the edge of the keels sometimes touch one another but are
not contiguous at their bases; clypeus shorter than face, wide at
base and rounded, very obscurely tricarinate; labium (beyond
clypeus) half as long as clypeus. Antennae cylindrical, simple,
with a round projection, or a distinct prong, at base, distally
notched or slightly bilobed where arista is articulated; pronotum
very narrow, shallowly and widely emarginate behind, median
portion fitting into the emarginate vertex; scutellum slightly
broader than long, lateral angles a little before middle, anteriorly
rounded, posteriorly angular. Tegmina about four times longer
than broad; subcosta and radia forking before the middle, cubitus
forking about same distance from base, three median sectors in
apical third of tegmen, end of clavus beyond middle of tegmen.

I separate this genus from Nicerta on the width of the head,
vertex and face, also on the nature of the facial keels. It may
represent some species of Walker’s /iteramma, but as I am
unable to recognize his forms I shall consider Melichar’s /. rubro-
fasciata as the representative of that genus. Of the genus De-
ribia I only know D. (Anotia) coccinea Guer. through Cuvier’s
Iconog. and Girard’s Trait. d’Ent.

(1) WM. coccineolinea sp. nov. ( 6 2 ).
Bigepels iit 2. Ula lA:

Uniformly very pale yellow, eyes dark brown, a tinge of red
on gena in front of eye; tegmina hyaline, opaquely white with
waxy secretion, a crimson line from base to apex through middle

of tegmen, anterior apical margin tinged with red; wings hyaline
opaquely white with waxy secretion. Antenna reaching slightly
beyond eye, cylindrical, slightly constricted in middle, without
any projection or fork at base.

Length 3.8 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

(3) MM. immaculata sp. nov. ( @ ).

Structurally agreeing with type. Pale yellow, eyes brown,
gena tinged with red before eye, tegmina and wings hyaline,
opaquely white with waxy secretion, tegmina tinged with yellow,
yellow-veined. Hind margin of last ventral abdominal plate
roundly and bluntly produced.

Length 3.3 mm.; tegmen 5.4 mm.

Habitat: Amboina; Teloc Ayer.

(3) 2M palhdarsp. nov. Cs 2 ).

Antennae a little longer than head, a very short prong, or big
tubercle, projecting from the base. Hind margin of last ventral
plate of female angularly produced, centrally depressed or lipped
(like on a jug). General facies as in immaculata.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Teloc Ayer.

(4) M. flexicornis sp. nov. (¢ ).

This has the general facies of the last two, but the prong of
the antennae is nearly as long as the main branch, the two form-
ing a horse-shoe-shaped organ. The genitalia separates it from
the male pallida, the genital styles being narrower and the anal
tube produced into a blunt, ventral, median process.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Pontianak.

(5) WM. rubella sp. nov. (¢ ).

Head much more produced in front than in the type, prong of
antennae two-thirds the size of main branch, lying alongside of
it. Vertex, upper portion of gena, middle of pronotum and scu-
tellum, tinged with scarlet. Hind margin of last ventral plate
roundly produced.

Length 4 mm.; tegmen broken.

Habitat: Amboina.

Only one specimen with tegmina in bad condition.

Leptaleocera gen nov.

Type coccinea.

In profile vertex and face forming two curves; eyes long and
narrow, the hind margin being deeply emarginate; edge of face
subparallel to edge of eye. Vertex narrow and angular, base
roundly emarginate, without keel; sides with very deep keels
meeting at apex; face linear, keels contiguous right up to apex;
clypeus about as long as face, rounded, obscurely carinate in
middle, no lateral carinae; labium short, about one-third the
length of clypeus; antennae large, flat, thin, slightly thickened
round edges ; pronotum very short, projecting well into excavated
vertex ; scutellum about as long as broad, rounded anteriorly, ob-
tusely angular behind, lateral angles behind middle, no carinae.
Tegmina long and narrow, subcosta and radia forking well be-
yond middle, subcostal cell small, cubitus forking before middle,
four median sectors in apical third of tegmina, last one very
small.

Gl) 2. coccined sp. nov. (¢))):
Ns. lita Se tents:

Thorax, legs and abdomen reddish-yellow, eyes black ; tegmina
and wings scarlet, some darker and more opaque spots in cells
between end of clavus and subcostal cell, also in apical median
cells.

Elabitat: Deloc Aver.

Length of body 3.7 mm.; tegmen, 5.4 mm.

FHeronax, Kirkaldy.

he Saba ent Boll L431.
Fenuahala, Distant. A.M.N.H. (7), XIX 411.

(1) A. parnassius Kirk. (¢ ).

This species, which is the type of the genus, has the base of
face slightly convex, the point of junction of face and vertex an-
gulate in profile. Hind margin of last abdominal ventral plate of
female obtusely angular, the sides of the production starting from
lateral margin, slightly sinuous, apex finely pointed and turned
upward, finely grooved from apex to near basal margin, the an-
terior styles long and finely pointed. Until I know the shape of
the last abdominal ventral plate and the profile of the head of H.
(Fenuahala) infuscata Distant, I cannot accept Kirkaldy’s sy-
nonymy of it with parinassius.

60
(2) H. saccharwvora Kirk. (9

This species has the vertex somewhat elevated but there is
no angulation between vertex and face; the last abdominal ven-
tral plate produced angularly in middle half, without groove
down middle; anterior genital styles shorter and not so pointed
as in parnassius.

(3) H. lalokensis sp. nov. (¢ @ ).

Head in profile with vertex and face forming one curve, an-
tennae nearly as long as head, broad, flattened. Male genital
styles about three times as long as broad, subparallel sided,
slightly angular in middle, apex with small, curved point, anal
segment with a downward curved point at apex; sides of pygo-
phor acutely angularly produced. The last abdominal ventral
plate of female with hind margin widely angularly produced, with
a deep medial groove down apical third. Stramineous; tegmina
and wings hy aline with yellow veins, subopaque with waxy secre-
tion; two circular broad yellowish bands across tegmina, the first
passing over the median crossvein and the other over the bases
of second and third median sectors; irregular yellowish spots in
apical cells and on basal third.

Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 5.4 mm.
Habitat: Laloki.

Platocera gen. nov.

Type annulipes.

In profile head conically projecting at junction of vertex and
face; vertex ascending, face gradually curved; gena at middle of
face about half the width of an eye. Vertex narrow, acutely an-
gular, base roundly excavate, not keeled, keels along lateral mar-
gins deep, meeting at apex, beset with wax pits; face very nar-
row, keels contiguous to near apex; clypeus large, rounded, ob-
scurely tricarinate; antennae very large, flat, thin, subequal in
width throughout, truncate at apex, conspicuously angularly bent
at base, forming a disk-like base at right angles to distal portion ;
pronotum very short, no shoulder keels; scutellum distinctly
shorter than broad, lateral angles situated behind middle, without
carinae. Neuration of tegmina near Herona.v, first median sec-
tor leaving media at junction of media and radia. Niphadodite
Kirk. was founded upon a unique which is missing from the
collection. It appears to be near this genus, especially to nigro-
frons,

(1) P. annulipes sp. nov. ( ¢ ).
Pisw ih 9: i fo 3

Stramineous, fuscous along sides of face and apex of ciypeus;
front and middle legs with two black rings on tibiae, and a black
streak down femora, hind legs with apex of femora black; apex
of labium black; tegmina hy aline with yellowish veins, a broken
fuscous mark across tegmina about middle of clavus and another,
less broken, at first median sector; a series of fuscous marks in
costal cell, apical veins fuscous.

Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 3.7 mm.
Habitat: Amboina.

(2) P. megrifrons sp. nov: (é ).

Antennae not quite so large as annulipes, narrowed at base and
apex, the basal disc not being so large, appearing more as a
swelling at base; media with four sectors. Face, antennae, cly-
peus, ventral aspects of thorax and abdomen and sides of pro-
notum and scutellum fuscous, legs, vertex, median portion of
pronotum and scutellum and dorsal aspect of abdomen fuscous
yellow. Tegmina hyaline, slightly opaque with waxy secretion,
yellowish veins spotted with black, the black spreading into cell
in clavus, and at base of second median sector; wings hyaline with
vellowish veins, slight opaque with waxy secretion.

Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 5.4 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

Neocyclometopum gen. nov.

Type sordidum.

In profile vertex and face rounded, the apical portion of face
being slightly flattened ; subantennal flange rising from round the
base of antennae, large and foliaceous; antenna subtriangular,
just reaching to eye. Vertex acutely triangular, base fairly
broad, roundly, shallowly emarginate, without keel; lateral keels
deep, obscurely beset with wax pits, converging towards apex and
continuing down face, where they are contiguous for some dis-
tance; clypeus slightly larger than face, flattened, especially at
sides, obscurely tricarinate; pronotum very short, perpendicular
in middle, widely, angularly emarginate behind, shoulder keels
large ; scutellum about as wide as long, lateral angles well behind
middle, without carinae. Tegmina near to Platocera, but with
four median sectors, the median cross-vein joining media slightly
before the forking of radia and media.

(1) WN. sordidum sp. nov. (¢ ).
PIS El ties 3:

Antennae flattened, subtriangular, attached to head at one of
the angles, the edge grooved, appearing as if the antenna was
composed of two plates. Dirty yellow, genae, antennae, clypeus
and lateral portions of pronotum fuscous, scutellum fuscous with
three indistinct yellowish longitudinal marks, ventral aspect of
abdomen fuscous; genital styles yellow; tegmina hyaline, with
irregular markings along veins, several fuscous spots in costal
cell; wings dirty hyaline, dark veined; both tegmina and wings
semiopaque with waxy secretions.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.
Habitat: Larat.

(2) WN. borneoensis sp. nov. (é @? ).

In profile gena not so wide as in sordida, face not so flat in
profile, antennae conical, widest at base, a little longer than wide.
fuscous yellow, face, antennae, legs and basal ventral portion of
abdomen fuscous; tegmina and wings hyaline, yellow-veined,
slightly opaque with waxy secretion, tegmina reddish along costa.

Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

GROUP III.

1. Subcosta and radia contiguous to near their ends, sub-
costal cell very short or absent, eyes in front reaching

fo the, baservot the clypeus......<-.< . one sue eee ee Z
Subcostal cell long, sometimes very narrow, eyes in front
not Leaching sto base Ol Clypeus-45.05..25,446 eee eee 4
2. Antennae flat, as long as from apex of vertex to end of
SCMbe lite act mategin + < Giahe ice w eo mat ene ane eee Muiria
Antennae NOt S@vlOne ct.3 wGcies colle eee ols 4 eeieatenieen 3
3. Radial cell reaching to middle of tegmen or beyond, very
WADMOW al te Recteuere Sek Sie wht, apa. Gade een ceN om Leomelicharia
Radial cell not reaching to middle of tegmen, not very
TTAMGO Ws eb wee Sy Reciacs cia cteael ht semanas ies eee! aaa ae Sikaiana
4. Shoulder keel large, subantennal process present. .Zeugma
Shoulder keels not large, no subantennal process....... 5
5, Antennae large, longer tham faces ¢ -\sja cts « iets ee ae 6

Antennae not longer thanetaces 22 3 s)-..2. - sa ee 8

CM NECINM Ae CVC ICAL mal Gao ested, soc) at tere erehane Zoraida
EMILE LINAC re coR Oe a ers wyate Sk aa Nh Soe ne OR if
fee SC UIUC GMAW TIL MOTE CATING oo 5 5. shoes Aare oe eke Peggia*
Scubellumuwith: thnee Carinae’. .2)./: 5,0... amet ak Peggiopsis

Se wcleid as wide,or wider than, pronotum:.....0s....00 40.
ert Shoko BRIE) HE ORES crear Philadelphia, Fescennia?*

PTeAMmHOt AS. WiGeraSphOMOUUM: 2 cass ao se soaks Stele S
Greiacencentira lly CATINAte <.. 2.0 < whe, nthe esas ack Pamandanga*
ace Mernceltnaliy, CAninat@r.; 400. Na wawoes ethene ieee 10

10. Head in profile projecting angularly in front of eyes....

cl oy at Se eR RON or REEL an REEL Jada*, Helcita?*
Head in profile not projecting angularly in front of eyes. .11

ie Clypeus rounded) icarinde indistinct 4.55.22. 05m. e sees ae 12
Caninae vonrclypens very Gistinet. i.e. .0o cles che cca a 16
12. Subcosta and radia forking at or beyond middle of teg-
ACES RA i ea RO GET er ee Pe a Diostrombus
Subcosta and radia forking before middle of tegmen....
w Eb cs SE EP Ae EA ROTA EE ATE OO EL a Camma*
13. Face slightly widened apically (carinae diverging), teg-
MIME GANS) ACA) OKA acy eye eho lclet spate whe vezi et oe Afaka*
Face with carinae contiguous to apex, tegmen not truncate
CUR ORN ares Peer Neca «. ets sap eRe Oat cee Lean fey 9 hts ben Naa okt 14
14. Face longer than clypeus; five median sectors, first fur-
CANS) feng Sod th oer Nn A Uo eee Narre Phenice*
Gy mensslomoerabmanh Glee Ar cape elves l,otshataes attereiet caus vaian 15)
£5. ~ Media with five of six unbranched sectors......... Proutista
Media with six sectors, the third furcate..... Paraproutista

Sikaiana Distant.

ALP Vie ep EIon(/ )) Xia. 398:

Mr. Distant suggests that this genus may be allied to Basileo-
cephalus, but apart from the tegmina, which places it in a different
section of the Derbidae, the pronotum alone would separate it very
distinctly. Muiria and Leomelicharia are very closely allied to it.
None of the species that I place in this genus have carinae on
the clypeus.

Cy Ss julva spe nov. (2):

Head, thorax and abdomen light stramineous fuscously mot-
tled, legs lighter; tegmina vitreous, iridescent, costa red, broken
up into minute spots by small patches of wax; veins brown, red
towar?s apex, a small brown streak across extreme base, another
across costa and radial cells a little higher up, a larger mark
through middle of costal and radial, and apex of median, cells,

continued as a hairstreak to hind margin, a hairstreak through
costal and radial cells near apex, apical, veins bordered with fus-
cous brown, leaving white spots in middle of cells; wings very
short reaching hind margin of second abdominal segment, trun-
cate at apex, large anal area with stridulating surface.

Length 1.5 mm.; tegmen 3.4 mm.
Habitat: Larat.

(2) S. straminea sp. nov. ( 3 @ ).

Head, thorax and abdomen stramineous, eyes dark castaneous ;
tegmina hyaline slightly opaque; veins yellowish, costa and apex
of subcosta, radia and media reddish, irregularly and faintly fus-
cous along veins ; wings reaching nearly to end of abdomen, costa
with apical half emarginate causing angulation in middle, apically
pointed ; anal area large with stridulating surface.

Length 1.5 mm.; tegmen 3.8 mm.
Habitat: Larat.

(3) S. caenosa sp. nov. (2 ).

Thorax, legs and dorsal surface of abdomen dirty yellow, head,
antennae and ventral surface of abdomen darker, eyes dark cas-
taneous ; tegmina hyaline, iridescent, veins yellowish, fuscous spot
at base of first median sector, a small one near base of media
and another on second cubital vein; wings about three fourth
length of abdomen, costa strongly angular a little before middle,
apical half narrow, apex rounded, anal area large, with stridu-
lating surface.

[enoth 125) unis; teomen 3:6. am:
Habitat: Larat.

(4) S. nigrimaculata sp. nov. ( Q ).

Dirty yellow; head, pronotum and three longitudinal marks on
scutellum lighter, abdomen with darker brown markings, eyes
castaneous ; tegmina hyaline, slightly opaque, a round black spot
at base of first median sector, wings a little longer than abdo-
men, costa slightly angular one third from base, apical portion as
broad as base, apex subtruncate with black spot in middle of
apical area.

Length 1:5 mm. ;tesmen 3:6.mim-

Habitat: Larat.

(5) [S. clymene sp. nov. (Kirk.)

Pale luteous, the antennae and the mesonotum laterally rather
darker. Beneath, and the legs, testaceous, extreme apex of the
hind tibiae blackish; extreme apex of the antennae fuscous.
Tegmina hyaline, iridescent, veins pale yellow, three percurrent
transverse, ashy yellowish, narrow bands (two on the basal third,
one ‘ust apical of the middle), also two not extending to the
middle of the tegmina interiorly (between two and three, and
three and the apex), the radial and median veins are also the
same color on their apical two-thirds, and the apical veins are all
more or less similarly suffused; costal vein pale, speckled closely
with sanguineous. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish.

Length 11%4 mm.; expanse about 10 mm.

Habitat: Larat (Muir).

(Gos Sal

Loemelicharia gen. nov.

Type rufovittata.

Head in profile with vertex flattened and face curved, face
projecting very slightly in front of eyes, gena of equal width all
round eyes, eyes large, reaching to apex of face, deeply emargi-
nate behind; antennae large, slightly flattened, constricted about
middle, indented at side of apex W here the arista arises. Vertex
triangular, base nearly as wide as length, angularly emarginate,
keeled; sides keeled, keels meeting at apex; face very narrow,
keels contiguous to apex, clypeus short, broad, rounded, without
keels; labium very short; pronotum long, roundly, broadly and
shallowly emarginate behind, with median carina; scutellum dis-
tinctly shorter than broad, lateral angles well behind middle, hind
margin very broadly angular. Tegmina near to Sikaiana, but
the median basal cell is very narrow ‘and reaches to middle of teg-
mina or beyond, the median cross-vein parallel to media,
and the subcostal cell is absent ; wing very small, with stridulating
surfaces on anal areas. In the male genitalia the dorsolateral
margin of the pygophor extending as two large, broad spines,
much longer than the genital styles.

I have taken the liberty of naming this genus after Dr. Leopold
Melichar.

(1) L. rufovittata sp. nov. (4 @).
Head, thorax and abdomen bright red; legs, posterior edge of

scutellum and post scutellum yellowish; tegmina vitreous; irl-
descent, costal, radial and median cells red, apical veins red, apt-

cal portion of tegmina black, continuing along media as narrow
black mark to median cross-vein, a black mark at the forks of
cubitus ; wings red, very minute, not reaching to hind margin of
second abdominal s segment, triangular in shape, with large stridu-
lating anal area. iF this species the narrow median cell extends
two-thirds from base of tegmen.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

(2) L. fuscovittata sp. nov. (¢ ).
Piolihers 2,

Head, antennae, scutellum, abdomen and anterior half of pro-
notum fuscous, posterior half of pronotum and the postscutellum
yellowish, legs yellowish; tegmina hyaline, iridescent, a fuscous
band from base, along costa, covering the costal, radial and me-
dian cells, and extending round to past the second cubital vein;
apical veins red; wings fuscous, in shape and size as in rufovittata.

Length 2 mm.; tegmen 5 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

Zeugma Westwood.

This has a neuration near to Zoraida, the cubitus having four
veins and the media eight sectors, the first, furcate, sector being
joined to cubitus, the cross-veins of cubitus and first two media
sectors contiguous at end after which they are a short distance
apart (gradate), subcosta and radia separate from a little before
middle of tegmina, subcostal cell narrow, radia with five small
branches in upper fourth of tegmina; the face and vertex forming
one curve, broad and parallel sided; antennae pyriform, pointed
end forming apex, and attached to head by the side and not by the
center of larger basal end; subantennal process present, narrow,
attached more behind than under antenna; pronotum long, shal-
lowly and roundly emarginate behind, shoulder keels large and,
together with subantennal processes, form distinct postantenal
cavities. This is the only genus of this group which possesses
subantennal processes and shoulder keels.

Z. monticola sp. nov. Kirk.

| Head, pronotum, sterna and legs orange-yellow, the two lat-
ter more obscurely; a small spot at the base of the tegmina and
another close to the hind angle of the mesonotum, blackish; la-
bium, abdomen (mostly), basal and apical third in fore and of

middle tibiae, apex of hind tibiae, third segment of tarsi, etc.,
more or less fuscous. Tegmina hyaline, tinged with cinereous, a
fuscous line covering cubital and median cross veins, another
over media and a third through subcostal cell to apex, a black line
over apical cross veins.

Length 4.5 mm.; tegmen 9 mm.

Hab.: Parit Buntar (Malay Peninsula), Mowong and Peka-
longan (Muir).

This may possibly be Westwood’s Z. vittata, the locality of
which is unknown, but he omits all mention of the conspicuous
spots at the base of the tegmina and on the mesonotum; and the
antennae are shaped quite differently, so much so, in fact, that if
I did not think Westwood’s description and figure of them (the
antennae) erroneous, I should have founded a new genus on that
character alone. Ga Kal

The pygophor produced on ventral edge into a small median
rounded projection, the side into a broadly triangular plate, with
pointed apex reaching nearly to apex of genital style; anal tube
large, slightly longer than genital styles, anus about one-third
from base, apex angularly emarginate; genital styles long and
narrow, slightly broader at base than at apex, apex with sharp
point turned upward and inward. Hind margin of last abdom-
inal plate of female evenly and widely emarginate in middle, the
lateral portion of margin being slightly raised above median
portion.

Zoraida Kirk.

Thracia Westwood, preoc.

This genus apparently has four or five cubital veins, and four
sectors to the media; the first sector, which has two branches, ap-
pearing as belonging to the cubitus.

(1) Zor. superba sp. nov. ( é ).

Antennae longer than face, cylindrical, sense organs small,
light-colored. Posterior median edge of pygophor produced into
small triangular plate, a little longer than width of base, sides pro-
duced into small angles, not half as long as genital style; anal
tube very long, reaching beyond styles, anus about one-third from
base, apex wide, deeply, angularly emarginate; basal fourth of
genital styles narrow, apical three-fourths wider, convex outside,
apex truncate with an inwardly curved spine on lower apical
angle.

Head, thorax and abdomen reddish-brown, keels yellowish,
pronotum and abdomen beset with small light-colored tubercles,

legs and genital organs yellowish; tegmina uniformly brown ex-
cept the narrow costal, subcostal and basal half of radial cells
which are light yellow, veins reddish, the three veins entering
truncate apex with a faint dark spot at base of the small whitish
tips, cross veins slightly fuscous; wings reaching to first median
sector, fuscous, reddish-veined.

Length 5 mm.; tegmen 13 mm.

Habitat: Lalok:.

(2) [Zor. syluicola sp. nov. Kirk.

Head and appendages, sterna, sternites, and legs, orange-
yellow, the fore and middle tibiae and tarsi more or less fuscous,
except at the extreme base. Nota pale piceous, the pronotum
and keels of mesonotum darker, the mesonotum paler, the ele-
vated margin of the mesonotum, metanotal keels, etc., pale. Uro-
tergites, pygophor, etc., black. Tegmina and wings hyaline;
veins dark brown or black; costal, subcostal, radial, and median
veins (but not the forks of the latter), suffusedly sooty, the suf-
fusing broadening near the apical margin, so as to occupy nearly
one-third of it. Some of the other veins are sometimes a little
suffused. Pronotum scarcely granulate. Antennae cylindrical,
sense organs medium sized, light colored.

Length: 3 mm;*tegmen 11:5: mm;

Habitat: Telok Ayer (Muir). G. W. Kk]

Ventral edge of pygophor angularly produced in middle, base
of produced part narrower than length; sides broadly, angularly
produced, the rounded apices reaching about the middle of anal
tube; anal tube slightly longer than broad, anus near base, apex
roundly truncate; styles not reaching to end of anal tube, ovately
spatulate, slightly convex on upper side. Last abdominal ventral
plate of female slightly wider than long, hind margin broadly,
angularly produced from sides to middle; and tube about as broad
as long, anus near base, sides convexly curved, apex deeply,
angularly emarginate.

(3) Zor. pseudosylvicola sp. nov. ( Q ).

Yellow, light on ventral side, inclining to brown on dorsal side,
especially on abdomen. Tegmina hyaline, brown-veined, the tips
of the four veins entering apical margin colorless, subcostal and
radial cells brown. This is the same coloring as in sylvicola but
lighter.

The median fourth of the posterior edge of last ventral plate

produced into a broad, bluntly-pointed process, its width at base
about half its length; anal tubes not reaching to end of styles,
lanceolate, anus near base. The production on last segment and
shape of anal tube separates this species from sylvicola.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 11.5 mm.

Habitat: Telok Ayer.
(4) [Zor. insulicola sp. nov. Kirk. (3 @ ).

Head and nota brownish-testaceous, keels paler. Antennae.
sterna (mostly), legs, etc., pale yellowish-testaceous ; antennae
cylindrical with closely set brown-ringed sensory organs. Pro-
notum with many pale granules. Mesonotum smudged with fus-
cous near the base. Abdomen brownish-testaceous, closely
speckled above with purplish-brown or black. Tegmina with fine
cubital veins, hyaline, so closely suffused with fuliginous that they
have the aspect of being fuliginous, minutely spotted with hyaline
(principally along the veins) ; apical half of costal parts clearer,
nevertheless spotted with fuliginous ; veins crimson. Wings hya-
line, veins fuscous. Sometimes the tegmina are more or less
maculate with black at the base, along the costal area, and api-
cally.

Length 4.25 mm.; tegmen 10 mm.

Habitat : Amboina (Muir). GWeeke]

Ventral edge of pygophor cordately produced in middle the
pointed end apical, and, in lateral view, base swollen; sides very
slightly and roundly produced; anal tube of medium length, anus
behind middle, in dorsal view sides to anus parallel, then grad-
ually tapering to pointed apex, which is curved downward, in
lateral view of even width to turned down apical portion, which
is thin; genital styles not quite as long as anal tube, narrow at
base, the broader apical three-fourths with sinuous, parallel edges,
apex rounded; last ventral abdominal plate of female longer than
broad, moderately angularly produced from sides to middle; anal
tube small, little longer than broad, anus near base, gradually nar-
rowed to bluntly-pointed apex, beset with long hairs along edge.

(5) Zor. cydista Distant.
A. M. N..H. (7) XIX 402.

Two females from Laloki which agree with the description ;
the white of postscutellum and dorso-central abdominal mark is
due to waxy secretion. Antennae cylindrical with fine light-
colored sense organs. Last ventral abdominal plate longer
than broad, gradually and slightly produced in middle; anal tube

reaching about half way along styles, little longer than broad,
ovate in outline, anus near base, with a small process from middle
of previous dorsal plate projecting over base.

One male from Amboina also agrees with these, but the yellow
is more reddish, the markings on tegmina lighter and the an-
tennae slightly longer and more slender. Ventral median edge
of pygophor obtusely angularly produced, sides angularly pro-
duced as far as middle of anal tube, the ventral edge of angulation
about twice the length of the dorsal edge; styles somewhat
hatchet-shaped, base narrow, upper edge straight, apex broadly
truncate, ventral edge deeply and roundly emarginate at base, w ith
a deep cleft half-way along the broad apical part; anal tube
reaching to end of styles, narrow, bluntly rounded at apex, anus
about middle.

(6) Zor. fuliginosa, sp. nov. ( @ ).

Antennae long, cylindrical, beset with small, light-colored sense
organs. Length of anal segment about twice the width of the
base, narrowed on distal half, apex roundly pointed, anus near
base, a small truncate, median process from anterior dorsal plate
projecting over base; last ventral abdominal plate slightly ana
evenly produced; the lateral portion of the anterior styles pro-
duced into an acute point. Fuliginous, pronotum and abdomen
lightly irrorate, keels of head and scutellum end the legs vellowish
tegmina fuliginous, dark-veined, except costa, distal half of sub-
costa, radia and apical tips of median veins. which are yellowish-
white : three small white dots in basal half of costal cell, the apical
half along with subcostal cell and tips of extreme apical cells
white, a minute black dot near ends of radial and first three me-
dian veins, all the veins more or less irrorated with white spots
along side; wings fuliginous, dark veined. This species comes
near Z. consanguinea Distant.

Length 4 mm.; tegmen 10.8 mm.

Habitat: Laloki,
(7) Zor. lalokensis sp. nov. ( 2 )

Hind margin of last abdominal ventral plate exceedingly
slightly and evenly produced (nearly truncate), plate longer thau
wide, a transverse depression two-thirds from base, the basal two-
thirds convex in middle; a small round process projecting from
last dorsal plate over base of anal tube; anal segment ovate,
reaching half-way along styles, anus near base; antennae cylin-
drical, thickly beset with large sense organs. Stramineous, eyes

brown, antenna brown, sense organs darker, legs slightly infus-
cate, ventral part of abdomen, especially the posterior plate, dark
fuscous; tegmina and wings hyaline, brown-veined, costal, sub-
costal and radial cells fuscous yellow.

Length 4.4 mm.; tegmen 12.25 mm.

Habitat: Laloki.
C3)" Zor. laratae sp. noy. (3 9°).

Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into small turbinate-
shaped process; sides nearly straight; anal segment very long,
narrow, with angularly emarginate apex, the apical third turned
down, forming less than a right angle with basal two-thirds,
anus in middle of basal, unbent portion; styles long and narrow,
not quite reaching to bend in anal segment, irregularly spatulate,
apex truncate and bent inward, a small conical projection near
the base of the lower edge. Antennae long, slightly flattened,
with small sense organs. Stramineous, brown eyes, abdominal
segments with a few red spots on dorsum, slightly infuscate at
base of scutellum ; tegmina and wings hyaline, with fuscous yellow
veins, costal, subcostal and basal portion of radial cells yellowish,
the extreme tips of radial and first three median veins colorless
with small spots where the color ceases, a dark mark covering
cross-vein in radial cell near apex. I have a female from Am-
boina slightly lighter in color. In it the last abdominal plate is
subtruncate (slightly convex) ; anal segment slightly longer than
broad, broadly rounded at tip, with the anus at base.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 9.5 mm.
Habitat: Larat; Amboina?

(9) Zor. javanica Westwood ( ¢ @ ).

Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into a_ lanceolate
-rocess; sides truncate; anal segment very long, apex acutely
pointed, apical third turned down at right angles to basal two-
thirds, straight basal portion narrowest at base, with anus in its
middle, genital style subspatulate, lower basal edge turned in-
ward, formed into a two-lobed process, apex of right style sub-
truncate, with the upper corner produced into a long, curved spine,
left style with apical spine small and apex more rounded. An-
tenna as long as head and thorax, cylindrical, thickly studded with
small sense organs.

The female I associate with this male has the stramineous por-
tion light salmon red and the fuscous portion much darker, the
tegmina and veins also more fuscous. Hind margin of last ab-

dominal segment broader than long; anal segment broadest
slightly beyond base, pointed at apex, sides curved, anus near
base, the previous segment being produced in middle over the base
of anal tube into a small rounded process. Two specimens from
Roban, lava.

Peggiopsis gen. nov.

Type rufus.

Antennae longer than head and thorax together, flat, upper edge
of apex slightly emarginate where seta situated, narrowed at base,
margins thicker than disk; vertex and face perceptibly below the
level of the eyes, which are round and bulging; clypeus longer
than face, narrow, tricarinate. Pronotum and scutellum as in
Zoraida, the scutellum being distinctly tricarinate. Cubitus fur-
cate, media with five sectors, the first furcate and joined to the
cubitus, its base appearing as median cross-vein. Hind tibiae
with a minute basal, large sub-apical and one large and three
small apical spines. This genus appears to be very near to Peg gia
Kirk. (Nebrissa Stal), but the round bulging eyes, sunken face
and the distinct tricarinate scutellum distinctly separates it.

(1) Pe rujersp: nov.(3 2):

Light red, eves and tips of genital styles black; tegmina and
wings hyaline with reddish-brown veins, costal and lower portion
of radial cells yellowish, the narrow subcostal cell fuscous. Ven-
tro-median edge of pygophor produced into a truncate-tipped pro-
cess, the base nearly twice as broad as tip, the sides slightly sinu-
ous, the base in profile gibbous; anal segment as long as styles,
subspatulate, the base being constricted below anus; genital styles
very narrow at base, gradually widening to the nearly truncate
apex, the upper corner of which is produced into a small rounded
process which is turned inward, near the base of upper edge there
is a small spine.

Female with last abdominal plate longer than broad, hind mar-
gin broadly, angularly produced; between the plate and the gen-
ital styles there projects a small conical-shaped plate; anal seg-
ment nearly as wide as long, ovate in outline, with a small emar-
gination at apex, anus situated at base. The one female speci-
men from Amboina has a much deeper emargination at apex of
anal segment, and the small ventral plate between last segment
and styles is more pointed. I expect the male will show it to be a
distinct species.

Length 3.6 mm.; tegmen 9.8 mm.

Habitat: Piroe, Amboina.

73
Proutista Wirkaldy.

[ Mr. Distant has persisted in synonymizing this with Phenice,
but the two are different. In Proutista the ‘clypetis is distinctly
longer than the frons; while in Phenice the frons is longer than
the clypeus, or, at least, not shorter; and the venation of the wing
is much simpler in the Aethiopian genus than in the Australasio-
Oriental one. Formerly I was willing to adopt Mr. Distant’s
views, as I have never seen a Phenice, and it was possible that
the figures of Boheman and Westwood might be somewhat inac-
curate, but Mr, Distant’s own figures, in the “Fauna of India” and
“Insecta Transvaaliensia,’ drawn by the same careful artist in
each case, of “Phenice moesta” and of “Phenice abdominalis,”
show that I was justified in my original contention that Proutista
is not a synonym of Phenice. GOW]

Until I can examine African specimens of Phenice I, shall re-
tain the genus Proutista. It is very distinct from allied genera
(excluding Phenice which I have not examined) in the reduction
of the female genital styles, which are represented by minute tu-
bercles. In this genus the cubitus has two branches and the
media five or six simple sectors, the median cross-vein being neat
base of first sector so that the cubitus appears as three veined and
the media to have but four sectors.* Hind tibiae without basal
and submedian spine. There is a large group of species of similar
facies to moesta and lumholtzi which will only be finally straight-
ened out by a study of the genitalia. Some of the following
species may prove to be synonymous, but I must leave it to those
who have the original types to describe or figure the genital
organs.

(1) BP. lumholte: Kirk.
eS. Beles (1907) LT 126.

Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into a parallelogram-
ical process, longer than broad, the sides and apex being slightly
concave, in profile the base projecting; lateral edges slightly
rounded :anal segment long, bent downward at rightangles before
the middle, the basal, straight portion subp yarallelsided, length

about three times the breadth, anus one-third from base, the distal
bent portion forming a long, finely-pointed spine ; styles projecting
to bend in anal segment, breadth slightly more ‘than half the
leneth, margins rounded, apex produced into a finely-pointed, in-

* Westwood’s figure of Phenice fasciolata shows five median sectors, the first
furcate; the costa, “subcosta and general shape of tegmina also differ in these two
genera.

wardly-turned spine, on upper margin near base there is another
small spine. Last abdominal plate of female in profile excavate in
middle, the medio-basal portion produced into strong, short spine,
the posterior edge produced regularly in middle.

Habitat: Queensland and Amboina, on sugar-cane.

(2) P. gemina sp. nov. ( ¢é ).

Similar in markings to /umholtsi, the dark markings on tegmina
slightly more expansive. Anal segment very small, length about
twice the breadth, basal two-thirds parallelsided, then pointed,
anus situated in distal third; ventral edge of pygophor truncate ;
styles reaching slightly beyond anal segment, irregularly diamond-
shaped, the broadest part nearest the base, apex forming a small
inwardly-curved point. The genitalia differs so greatly from
lumholtzi that there can be no confusion between them.

Length 2.3 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

(3) P. Roebele: sp. nov. (é ).

This has the same markings and general appearance as gemuna,
but the genitalia is very distinct.

V entral edge of pygophor truncate ; lateral edges between style
and anal segment produced into triangular plates (subequilat-
eral) ; anal segment small, projecting very slightly beyond apices
of lateral triangular edges, cylindrical, anus situated at apex
styles slightly longer than broad, broadly rounded at apex, upper
edge irregularly produced, a small spine on lower edge of apex.

I length. 2.5 mm.; tegmen 6 mm.

Habitat : Queensland. Coll. Koebele No. 2270.

I take the pleasure of naming this species after Mr. A. Koebele

(4) P. moesta Westw.

Specimens from Malay Peninsula, Java, Pontianak, Makassar
and Amboina agree with the description of this species. The
male genitalia are identical in all these specimens. Ventral edge
of pygophor truncate, lateral edges slightly curved; anal seg-
ment long, bent at less than a rightanele a little beyond middie,
straight basal portion with curved sides, broadest about middle
where anus is situated, bent portion narrow, pointed; style reach-
ing to bend in anal segment, length a little more than twice the
breadth, ec dges subparallel, apex drawn out in fine point which is
turned inwards, the upper edge near base produced into a small
angular process.

(5) P. javensis sp. nov. (4 2).

Yellowish-brown ; antennae, keels on face and clypeus, middle
of pronotum and scutellum, legs and genitalia lighter yellow ; teg-
mina hyaline with yellowish veins, fuscous brown over subcostal
and radial cells, four or five small dark marks through costal cet,
bases of cubitus and radial sectors fuscous, fuscous over median
cell, extending into clavus, a dark mark at apex of cubital veins
and at end of each radial sectors, fuscous on each side of gradate
cross-veins of media; wings hyaline with fuscous markings over
veins. Ventral and lateral edges of pygophor truncate; anal seg-
ment about as long as styles, the apical third turned down at right
angles to basal portion, which is about twice as long as broad, with
the anus about the middle, the apical third narrow, pointed at
apex ; styles projecting about one-fourth beyond bend of anal tube.
narrow, edges subparallel at base, narrowing toward the blunt,
round apex, the apical third being cylindrical. Last ventral ab-
dominal plate of female short, a deep, longitudinal depression
down the middle, the posterior edges forming two crescent-shaped
ridges below the very small genital styles, anal segment minute.

Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 7 mm.

Habitat: Java.

(6) P. perkinsi sp. nov. (2 ).

Light brown; face, middle and lateral edges of pronotum, me-
dian line on scutellum and sides of abdomen light yellow, dark
dorsal portion of abdomen spotted with light yellow, labium and
tarsi dark brown; tegmina subhyaline, costa, subcosta and base of
media and cubital veins yellowish, rest brown, subcostal and radial
cells light fuscous brown, extending at base into clavus, also over
apical half of cubitus, tips of median sectors and gradate median
cross-veins bordered with fuscous; last ventral abdominal plate
angularly produced, apex deeply but narrowly emarginate, deeply,
longitudinally depressed along middle and sides, leaving two keels
between the depressions, anal segment and. genital styles exces-
sively small.

Length 2.7 mm.; tegmen 7.7 mm.

Habitat: Queensland. Coll. Messrs. Perkins and Koebele.

I take the pleasure of naming this insect after Dr. R. C. L.
Perkins.

(7) [P. calypso sp. nov. Kirk. (2 2 ).

Pale luteous, more or less suffused with orange; beneath testa-
ceous; sterna and abdomen basally more or less suffused with
orange ; antennae, labium and legs testaceous; labium and fourth

segment of labium, ete., black: apex of hind tibiae, second and
third segments of the tarsi, dark fuscous. | Tegmina hyaline;
radial and median veins, and veins on basal third testaceous, rest
fuscous, spotted with fuscous. Wings hyaline, veins fuscous.
eneth 27 mm. + teemens6:3° mim:
Habitat: Larat (Muir). Ge Ware

Medio-ventral edge of pygophor produced into small angular
process, about twice as long as the base is broad; lateral edges
rounded; anal segment medium size, constricted slightly before
middle, anus situated in middle, bluntly rounded on apex; styles
large, in lateral view somewhat boatsh aped, the upper edge being
nearly straight and produced into a rounded point, the bottom edge
rounded, curving up to point, the inner edge of the rounded point
being drawn out into a short sharp inw ardly turned point. Anal
tube of female very small, genital area below tube large and swol-
len, embossed across middle, genital style exceedingly small, lat-
eral edges of last abdominal segment straight, ventral plate de-
pressed along the middle near posterior borden. the edges of the
depression slightly projecting behind. In this species the first
median sector “approaches the cubitus and appears as if belonging
to that system, the median cross-vein being very small.

(8) P. stramimea sp. nov. (2 ).

Stramineous; tarsi and tip of labium fuscous, dorso-lateral por-
tion of abdomen brown, spotted with lighter dots; tegmina and
wings subhyaline, veins dark brown. Basal median portion of
last abdominal ventral plate produced into a blunt point, posterior
edge into two flattened processes; lateral edge of last segment
produced into a small triangular piece. The two median pro-
cesses on the last ventral plate are very distinctive.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 5.8 mm.

Habitat: Laloki.

(9) FP. lurida sp. nov. ( @ ).

Stramineous ; tips of clypeus, labium, tarsi and hind tibiae fus-
cous, abdominal segments slightly fuscous; tegmina subhyaline,
covered with waxy secretion, veins yellowish, cross-veins fuscous,
several narrow brown marks through costal cell, apices of veins
fuscous, which slightly extends into the cells; wings subhyaline
with brown veins; lateral margins of last abdominal segment pro-
duced into a flattened spine with a rounded apex, reaching to end
of genital segment; ventral edge not produced.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 7.7 mm.

Habitat: Laloki.

Tih

The approximation of the first median sector to the cubital sys-
tem is very conspicuous in this species.

GlO)) 2 lutea. sp. nov. (3s ):.

Stramineous, dorso-lateral reddish marks down pronotum and
scutellum and on pleurae, clypeus and labium fuscous, median keel
on clypeus and facial keels yellowish, sides of abdomen fuscous ;
tegmina light fuscous brown with a broad hyaline patch down
apical half, gradate median cross-veins fuscous, small marginal
white marks ‘betw een veins ; wings fuscous, yellowish- veined, fus-
cous cross-veins. Ventral edge of pygophor produced into a
small, median, spatulate process; lateral edges sinuous, produced
into a small triangular plate beside anal segment; anal segment
long, narrow, basal half parallel-sided, apical half thinning to fine
point, anus about a third from base; styles reaching to end of anal
segment, widened on upper basal half, gradually thinning to fine
point at apex which is turned inward.

Length 3 mm.: tegmen 7.7 mm.
Habitat: Lalokz.

Paraproutista gen. nov.

Type ceramensis.

This genus differs from Proutista in the neuration of the teg-
mina, the cubitus being two branched and the media having six
sectors, the third being furcate, the first three angular near their
bases, the first one appearing to belong to the cubitus. Hind
tibiae with basal, submedian and apical spine, also several smaller
apical spines. Female genital styles exceedingly small.

(1) Par. ceramensis sp. nov. ( $ @ ).
PA a iene

Dark brown; keels on face, antenna, legs, lateral edges and
middle of pronotum, keels and posterior edge of scutellum yel-
lowish, a few yellowish spots on abdomen; tips of labium, tarsi and
tibiae fuscous; tegmina hyaline greatly suffused with fuscous,
veins brown, the subcostal, radial and median cells fuscous, ex-
tending across middle of cubitus and fourth and fifth median sec-
tors to. posterior border, cubital veins and median sectors irregu-
larly bordered and spotted with fuscous, dark marks in costal cell
breaking it up into spots.

Anal “segment very small, rounded, shorter than the width of
the base, anus at apex; lateral edges of pygophor produced angu-
larly ; ventral edge broadly angular; styles attached well within

pygopher, little longer than broad, rounded along lower edge and
at apex, a small depression along upper edge, with a small angular
projection pointing outward near apex. Genital area of female
flattened, anal tube very small, styles abortive

Length: 8 mm.; tegmen 9 mm.
Habitat: iiroe> Waloki.,

(2) [Par. ismene sp. nov. (Kirk.).

Brownish-yellow ; clypeus, labium, pronotum (except down the
middle), abdomen in part, brownish piceous; frons, antennae,
legs, testaceous; apex of hind tibiae, second and third segments
of. tarsi, darker blackish. Tegmina dark fuliginous, veins “bright
sanguineous, hyaline spots all along the costal area on the clavus
and along the inferior margin. Wings fuliginous, veins dark
fuscous with hyaline spots; hind margin of mesonotum and uro-
tergites basally in part clear luteous. The head-keels are fairly
separated basally ; third segment of labium short; pronotum nof,
or scarcely, granulate. Mesonotum greatly declivous, carinae dis-
tinct. Abdomen variable beneath, sometimes sanguineous.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 7.7 mm.
Habitat: Borneo, Moewong (Muir). Gwe kK]

This species stood under Proutista in Kirkaldy’s manuscript.
Ventral edge of pygophor truncate, with a small conical eleva-
tion at each corner ; lateral edges slightly and roundly produced ;
anal segment long, anus situated i in basal third, which is parallel-
sided, apical two-thirds narrow, cylindrical, pointed; length of
styles about twice the breadth, straight on the lower edge, bluntly
pointed at apex, the basal part of upper edge produced at right
angles to main portion. Last abdominal v entral plate of female
longer than broad, hind margin produced in middle into angular
projection, reaching well beyond end of body, in profile concave
in middle, base globose; anal segment very small; styles abortive

(3) [Par. antigone sp. nov. ( ¢ ) Kirk.

Castaneous, the keels and the pronotum medially yellower, the.
clypeus and the abdomen more or less suffused with sanguineous.
Pronotum laterally more or less olivaceous, with pale yellowish
granules. Antennae, sterna and legs testaceous, leg spines tipped
with black, but the tarsi are scarcely at all fuscous; labium and
fourth segment of labium fuscous. Tegmina dark fuliginous,
bluish-brown basally ; costal, subcostal, radial, and median veins,

almost entirely dark sanguineous, other veins dark fuscous, in
places bluish-black, a few scattered hyaline spots. Hind tibiae
with two distinct spines, one at the base. Wings fuliginous, veins
black. Clypeal keels very distinct.

Length 3.8 mm.; tegmen 9.0 mm.

Habitat: Telok Ayer (Muir). Gl Wak]

This species stood under Proutista in Wirkaldy’s manuscript.

Ventral edge of pygophor truncate; lateral edge sinuous, pro-
duced into small triangular plate beside the anal segment; anal
segment broad on basal two-thirds, the apical third tapering to
fine point, anus about middle; styles nearly square, not reaching
to apex of anal segment, lower edge straight, apical edge slightly
concave, upper edge produced into a large curved process on
basal half.

(4) Par. media sp. nov. ( ¢é ).
12 AMO see ie

Light brown; legs, labium and antennae yellowish, pronotum
and abdomen with many small yellowish granules; tegmina hya-
line, costa, subcosta and radia red, cubitus and median sectors
brown; costal, subcostal and radial cells fuscous, costal having a
series of white spots, radial with three large ones in upper half,
fusciness spreading over apex to tip of fifth median sector ; wings
hyaline, reddish-brown veins, basally fuscous. Anal segment
long, tapering to a point, anus one-third from base; lateral edges
of pygophor slightly and roundly produced; ventral edge trun-
cate; styles broadly angular, not reaching to apex of anal seg-
ment, lower edge straight, upper edge sinuous, the apex pro-
duced into an inwardly-curved spine.

The neuration of this species is of interest, and is perhaps of
generic value; the angulation at the base of the first three sectors
is very acute and sends a spur backward to join the preceding one,
this causes the cubital to appear six-veined, the media to have but
three sectors, and as if there were four cross-veins between the
median and cubital systems.

Length 4.6 mm.; tegmen 9 mm.
Habitat: Piroe.

@) Par. coccineovenosa sp. nov. (¢ @ ).

Clypeus crimson with fuscous apex, head and thorax brownish-

yellow, the legs, keels of face and scutellum and antennae lighter,

abdomen crimson; tegmina and wings pale brown with crimson

veins, a series of white spots along costal margin, reaching to
first median vein. Ventral edge of pygophor truncate; sides
narrowly and angularly produced, the apex reaching about middle
of anal tube; length of anal segment about three times the width
of base, subparallel- sided to near the pointed apex, anus situated
in middle; styles as long as the anal segment, the lower edge sin-
uously rounded on basal half, then concavely curved to the in-
wardly-turned apex, the upper edge rounded on basal half, then
convexly curved to inturned apex. Female styles abortive, a
small triangular plate on each side of the minute anal segment.

Length 3 mm.; tegmen 7.3 mm.
Habitat: Malay Peninsula.

Diostrombus Uhler.

Proc: Nat. Mus: (U2 5: 1896; p: 283:

Prong. Wistant. Faun; Brit: India. Rhynachota Ill pays0a:

Through the kindness of the authorities of the National Mu-
seum, Washington, I have been able to examine a female cotype
of this genus, and cannot separate it from Distant’s Drona. The
figure of D. carnosa (Fauna British India, Fig. 146), I believe
to be of a female, and the description of the type of Diostrombus
appears to be from a female; the male is not likely to possess
the forceps-like processes arising from the posterior edge of the
pregenital ventral plate.

(1) Dz. pennatus Distant.

Faun. Brit.. India. Rhynchota IIT p. 3006.

I have one female specimen from Java that agrees in all the
specific characters with this species; the keels on vertex and
face are not nearly so well defined as in carnosus or politus, and
the “forceps” on last ventral plate are much smaller than in the

type species.
GROUP IV.

1. Radial and median basal cells subequal in length, ending

Same distance trom ‘base (of teemem..., a.) a ereee 2
Radial and median basal cells not ending same distance

from base. Of testnien, “unequal in lenethe. _ sass 6

2. Hace strongly. ‘carmate along amiddle...... 75 Phaconeura

Pace~ not «caninate, alone ymnaiddlen sy Meta... an an eee 3

Sa. Jeateral mmareims sof Piace GOmViern yy ace ake ye eee Suva

ateralimateims od ‘face mot. convex. 52 1m enero ee 4

ime Oreo) 2 medio-cubite-apical veins; <0. 0). 4.6 <i ce. oe ks 5
ST (OG 7, med o=cubitO-apicali veins s.r... .<8 . dunt ae Nisia
peace nota~very natrow,, parallel-sided. ........... *K ermesia
Pace nvety, Uartow, WiGenine at Apex... oss: sana * Alara
6. Veins of cubitus running straight to hind margin...... 7

Veins of cubitus irregular, forming one or more angular
cells, sometimes in conjunction with first median sec-

(FOIE: 75! vee ee paOe 2 aR aS ge ee OE &
GANS O47 VEIN MU he. 28 < heda eee a Sak wee kl Wysidia
Giese Oot, veined: alee este caret os see ae Derbe

SG Wateral keels of face contiguous tO near apex.........: 10
Lateral keels of face not contiguous, face not linear. 9

9. Vertex narrow, about twice as long as broad; in dorsal
view keels of face projecting about half the length of

CHES mess nae ve Meee ees arte eedag ail anntiien sl «tana its Dichotropis
Vertex as long as broad; in dorsal view keels of face
projecting about the length of (OS ae ee I a HU Decora*
10. No triangular cell at base of first median sector (or radial
GROSS VC MIB ST Pears rok Orne eee rien URN We aS Moe 12
Triangular cell present at base of first median sector (or
AGA ex CUOSS VEU. Mera more arc ays, Sob 'S choke Ma ei ehcy elena 48 Stepeetiele 11
Hee Shomcdenikeelsnwell developed ss 4: 2.021). Sic.ce0beee Levu
Shoulder keels mot developedi).cs. 22-4: Rhotana, Genestia*
12. Face longer than clypeus, eyes reaching below middle of
SSCS? On ee ORE, Oa ere Rae aE aS ann Ra Sumangala*
Face not longer than clypeus, eyes confined to upper por-
PAO O MD SEMAS Chek Us, 2) Sea Seyasubemns aes See Fes Mecynorhynchus

Nisia Melichar.
N. atrovenosa Leth.

There are specimens from Borneo and Piroe which I cannot
separate from this species. | am unable to separate this genericly
from Mecnoplus albosignatus.

Suva eee
Mextncures 3oand sain He S.1P. At Ent: Bull. IIT p. 166 are

of S. koebelet Wirk., not ao ee it has one more apical
vein than Nisia.

Phaconeura Wirkaldy.
(Ll) P: larainea sp. nov. (3 2 ).

Dirty yellow, abdomen, including genital styles, dark fuscous ;
tegmina hyaline, broadly bordered ‘with fuscous, the fusciness

* Depends upon whether the first forked vein be considered as radial or median.

being chiefly along second clavial vein, over all the cubital and
costal cells, and over all apical veins, leaving the media veins and
center of tegmina clearer. Median ocellus present, although small
and difficult to see in some specimens.

Length of body 2 mm.; tegmen 2.7 mm.

Habitat: Larat.

There is a single specimen of female in which there is no fusci-
ness on tegmina and which differs slightly in the pregenital seg-
ment.

Mecynorhynchus nov. gen.

Type kershawt.

Head in profile semicircular, eye in upper half near to vertex,
gena in front of eye narrow, below eye broad. Antennae cylin-
drical, about twice as long as broad, situated on lower part of
gena; subantennal processes large, from apex of facial keels to
back of gena. Vertex very small, acutely angular, angularly
emarginate at base, sides with keels which meet at apex; face
very narrow from base to well below eyes, then widening to junc-
tion with subantennal processes, thence slightly narrowing to
apex, keels large, contiguous to well below eyes; clypeus very
long and pointed, the apex reaching third coxae, lateral carinae
large, median obscure; labium long, reaching to end of abdomen,
distal joint minute; pronotum very short, vertical in middle and
fitting into emargination of vertex, hind margin acutely angu-
larly emarginate in middle, shoulder keels large; scutellum
broader than long, anterior margin rounded, the rounded lateral
angles about middle, posterior median portion angular, without
carinae, but a pair of slight grooves run down the anterior third.
Tegmina fairly broad, the neuration differs from Rhotana in hav-
ing the subcostal and radial cells longer and broader, the costa
evenly curved, not sinuate, the absence of the small triangular
cell at the base of first median sector.

M. kershawi sp. nov. ( 2 ).
Bis iets lola, Phair. iO:

Head and legs stramineous, vertex and face tinged with claret
red, eyes brown, pronotum and scutellum fuscous claret, tegmina
fuscous, red along costa, veins darker, red at apex. Male genital
styles very short, spatulate.

Length of body 2 mm.; tegmen 3.4 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

I take the pleasure of naming this pretty little insect after my
friend Mr. J. C. Kershaw.

Rhotana Walker.

j--Emn--Ssoc. Zool, 1 160.
R. latipennis Walker.

My specimens from Teéloc Ayer agree both with Wal-
ker’s short description and his figures. Shoulder keels
slightly developed; subantennal processes large, stretching
from the apex of the facial keels, of which they appear to be con-
tinuations, to back of gena. Lhotana vitriceps Stal does not ap-
pear to be congeneric with Jatipennis.

Genestia Stal.

Ofr. Vet. Akad. Forh. XV p. 450 (1858).

The type of this genus, vitriceps, cannot be placed in Rhotana,
but as I only know it by the description and Melichar’s figure I
cannot separate it with certainty. The neuration of the tegmina,
as shown in Melichar’s figure, differs considerably from KR. lati-

pennis Walk.

Dichotropis gen. noy.

Type amboinensis.

In profile vertex and face curved, without angulation where
they meet; gena in front of eye about half the width of eye, eye
about twice as broad as deep, shallowly emarginate on lower
border ; subantennal process large, the base stretching from facial
keels to back of gena; antennae small, barely reaching to eyes,
pyriform, the narrow end apical. Vertex small, not reaching to
anterior margin of eye, about twice as long as broad, base very
slightly broader than apex, acutely angularly emarginate, without
keel, sides straight, slightly converging toward apex, keeled, a
transverse keel dividing apex from face; face gradually broad-
ening from base to about one-fourth from apex, where the sides
are angular and slightly narrowed to apex, lateral keels deep;
clypeus about as long as face, distinctly tricarinate, lateral carinae
continuous with lateral facial keels. Pronotum very short, hind
margin angularly emarginate in middle, shoulder keels large.
Scutellum as long as broad, lateral angles slightly before middle,
tricarinate. Tegmina having wider radial cell than /Rhotana,
practically the same as Levu.

This genus is near to Decora Bierm.

(1) D. amboinensis sp. nov. (8 @ ).
Piss. 20) Pilate:

Stramineous, abdomen slightly fuscous; tegmina and wings
hyaline, slightly opaque with waxy secretion, veins yellowish, a
fuscous mark on hind margin a little beyond clavus.

Length of body 2.3 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.

Habitat: Amboina (é¢ 2 ) Pearat (¢ )- andsalokia(-o3),

(2) D. chrysonoe Kirkaldy.
Rhotana chrysonoe Kirk. H.S. P. A. Ent. Bull. I, 435.
(3) D. haematoneura Wirkaldy.
Rhotano haematoneura Kirk. H.S. P. A. Ent. Bull. I, 435.
Levu Kirk.
io. PA, Ent: Bulls, 434.

Walker’s error in numbering the figures on his plate caused
Kirkaldy to refer this to Paricana; it is related to Rhotana, from
which it differs in the shorter pronotum, angularly emarginate
behind, and the greater development of the shoulder keels, char-
acters which I do not think will hold good with the increase of
specific forms.

(1) WL. vitiensis Kirkaldy.
(2) L. halosydney (Kirkaldy).

Rhotana halosydne Kirk. H.S. P. A. Ent. Bull. III, 169. This
is typical of Levu and if the genus is retained must be placed
therein.

(3) L. amboinensis sp. nov. (@ ).

Stramineous, eyes castaneous; tergmina and wings byaline,
subopaque with waxy secretion, veins yellowish; tegmina with
fuscous mark from media to cubitus across median cross vein,
and another a little beyond to hind margin, a small dark spot at
apical fork of radia and media. The structure of head and thorax
and neuration of tegmina is typical of genus.

Length of body 2 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.

Habitat: Amboina.

(4) L. sufilava sp. nov. ( @ ).

Yellowish, reddish along keels of face; tegmina hyaline, sub-
Opaque with waxy secretion. veins on basal half white, on apical

half slightly infuscate, a black mark at apical fork of media. The
emargination of pronotum is not so deep or so angular as in the
type and the branch of cubitus is missing.

Length of body 2.2 mm.; tegmen 4.6 mm.

Habitat: Mowong.

(Cy ES bro spe ne (C20).

This differs from the type in having the vertex slightly flat-
tened, the junction of face and vertex being angular; the prono-
tum is less angularly and deeply emarginate behind and the teg-
mina differ in the cubital veins.

Red; the legs and tip of abdomen somewhat paler; tegmina
hyaline, red-veined, slightly fuscous along clavus veins; wings
hyaline, reddish-veined.

Length of body 2 mm.; tegmen 3.5 mm.

Habitat: Amboina.

(6) JL. laratica sp. nov. (36 ¢ ).

In structure of head and neuration of tegmina this agrees with
rubra. ae

Stramineous ; keels on face and a spot on gena in front of eye
red; tegmina hyaline, veins yellowish, cells besides veins infus-
cate, especially the transverse veins from radia to cubitus.

Length of body 1.5 mm.; tegmen 3 mm.

Mabitate ‘Latat.

tn wre

Go NID)

86
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Pia ae

Thyrocephalus favomaculatus, lateral view of pygophor.
: pseudolaratensis,

laratensis,

leucopterus, external view of left genital

“oe oe “ee oe

style.
i pscudotypicus, external view of left genital
style

obscurus, external view of left genital style.

Vekunta hyalina, internal view of left genital style.

Phantasmatocera pseudonigricornis, ventral view of last ab-
dominal segment of @.

nigricornis, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @.

arborea, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @.

laratensis, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of 9.

unopunctata, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @.

pallidocornis, ventral view of last abdom-
inal segment’ of @.

pseudopallidocornis, ventral view of last
abdominal segment of @.

vitiensis, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @.

- papuana, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @..

lalokensis, ventral view of last abdominal
segment of @.

Eosaccharissa laratica, lateral view of head.

Szwezeyia laratica, dorsal view of head and thorax.

lateral = oso Hf

Dichotropis amboinensis, front view of head.

Goneokara pullum, tegmen.

Phaciocephalus miltodias, tegmen.

Basileocephalus thaumatonotus, tegmen.

Thyrocephalus laratensis, tegmen.

Cyclometopum amboinensis, tegmen.

“ee

oe oe

Plate I.

—"
Ss)

—
ics)

CONDAnE RON So

8&8
led Dvevi bi Me

Mecynorhynchus kershawt, front view of head.
M ‘ lateral oo mene:
Megatropis coccineolinea, gen a aN: ited
Neocyclometopum sordidum,
Kampulokara caenosum, front view of head.
i > lateral se
Leptaleocera coccinea, " ee ae ee
Goncokara pullum,
Nesokara piroensis,
Eocenchrea maorica, front view of head.
Platocera annulipes, lateral ““ “ “
Paralyricen jepsoni, Oe Ge Re hae:
Kaha media,
Cyclometopum amboinensis, lateral view of head.
Cyclokara_ girdlestoni, > pee ey)

oe ia oe “e

“ce oe ce ce

Plate Il.

— ee
YVROUAN

13.

Ibs
Kove

Doris wt

Pi ie:

Paraproutista media, tegmen.
a ceramensis, tegmen.
Platocera annulipes 4
Cyclokara girdlestont,
Pyrrhoneura immaculata,
Dichotropis amboinensis,
Kampulokara caenosum,
Eocenchrea maorica,
Paralyricen jepson,
Mecynorhynchus kershawi,
Sweseyia laratica,
Leomelicharia fuscovittata
Nesokaha piroensis,
Megatropis coccineolinea,
Leptaleocera coccinea,
Phactocephalus pullatus,

a2 che s Q me ms/ ms2
Plate III.

PAGE PAGE

ACARI (ie -oias Sacco anes oSuomib eee AB altel Man dir aiccn c.elciacisie a oo nes 19
BAST Slee eaten a ccigs aye open e ToV Sa ors ex tue CHER ee 63 MALI TL a: eereres Cecio ee ee eee ae 62, 63
ANGIE 5 Rago ooo UpoombS.clo of eric 81 MySI1G1a> 5." 5cis12 ease ia a chegeare eee © Som
Amboina «6.2... ee eee eee eee eee LG'4|. UNebrissa tac oeeyeoe meee Ae 72
(a wie hes Sra kertome Bh eeeteua tere cher herehe i Neocyclometopum . ............ 44, 61
Ronelonerian ke ui-s tae so on © Rom Mean Pe COO CCAR ATS erect ie meet Te 19, 20
Arabia, enon Wed cays Shee ED 43 | Nephesa . .......0.......-.4-, 22, 23
PAGINA Cl dove tena ciene ropes meat erenchekneton oe 17 | Nersia . 2.1... . eee e ee eee eee ee 13
AT Unban Mees atresia etaee Grete AG. || AIGROCORS Ya Ip oo 3.06 505 bob oe 43, 45, 50
Aulacocephalas,.. wees conch orc 43 INGEGIGINE 5 Shogo oo ce kone sé aor 44, 51
EG ETT sues ee rt ee ee ahi ee 8 INESONCUTAN. Seca se + A ccm ace AZ, 51
Basileocephialus: (y a.clsscc see 325 oo OS IN‘eSOMIPN AS) <1 \ye.-) svonctebsay- oats esis scenes 43
Birdantis oon Sen eee 11 | Nesophantasma . .-............ 46, 48
BrNCchomoLlp hae ee eerie ie oe 26 NICOLA? 2 ee Sie Ga csorere asec one 44, 56
@ammiamag rine acs cclo ccio fuser Oe 63's |p Nuphododitien tae errr lee oe 44. 60
Capelopteriimers .<.s.405 2 Sevtese lessen cues 25 INAS1E) SS “sioktencse speeches atest © oichenedeeeye 29, 81
Cedusati oe Pea 32, 33, 35, 38 Nogodina--5 tis. ssi wets a hanain pei 19
Genchreatens tir kone ear ee 30, 32. 37 Nnrun dériai 28 c.ec86.0 cero 2 sac. eee 19
Ghaprinarror eee iccit. sotto: WAY | Othe gi EY Bone soc condsianon a soodos 22
Giicnid a eeeen eee ee ae a) ate 7 Olearus’ cy er 2: Theta eehacele ae ele oleae 28
COlzar Mia ors oe so oa oi oo a 20 OTFMENDISS+.745, c.5s, ae. coeee ne 23
(Ol ab Tn 5 7, ot IEE Rene ae Ses ee 31 Orodictva = @,35 se ocr eee ee 16
GosmopsalUriaies, Wes clei oleae Seton 9 OtIOCELUS. spacickoe eee tone 30, 43
Oryptotlatawe et.on, sors oot nvacw athe teases 22 Pamandane divs #2 .petie retire sllstcke ke alersile 63
@UErmayaCat iE Ave maiensis aa royes MAG |) I2neN beaten 4 oes ou suse occ 44, 5?
G@yclokassawers G.ha steals Sekine cue dae ae 32, 33 PaTanideniay <5: <frcvehersheccgeathe node eee 3a
(Chyeltopariciney yvhesl™ 5. lathe paolo oid ome 82, 41 PAraprouvista, j. tatetners cere see Gamat
GY TOD HUStaan tase. exetont ei tears mass Sass tial Raratella: veers rac avers, scene cote arat meee 22
Sawaal Ae ott ee oc oocuercrsrete eee 32 Paricanian tee ce se lye tae 2 bone cuenrens 84
DECORA metro b otiskercecusaters Siss NSE et: a on te a aS eee Nc 43
Gly his peste ets tons) oiterare eee ccna eneis 38 Pectiniariophyes:=. =a. <-. - = smears 10
DET DER rome s-Seyene ae eters. rreeyelsycesis. ers Bil feyal PGE aay Cir shor, cheers ei itv ax-po ce ates 63
IDXETS1 ONES «So Die a Orca creat oieecronb ie Drei 44, 57 IPGEFIOPSIS: Ce huecis seat ata nies 63, 72
Davia dandan cet r, a Snost cfs cscie mg sel eee 43 POT SIS SF F aire Cue etal sro a a eens oeerlie suet 32
DCH OLLODINGe eats o fois elem ios cue SO wear 81, 83 Petrusay uty eked crews ose esuatet ene s siete ome 22
IDC Gy OP UOUA Soha, cccpsrstakte oie i.e syevsiehs ee a3} Phaciocephalus..........30, 32, 34, 81
IDTOSEEOMMDUSHe. — joie! ie elbveyene ete. = 31, 63, 80 IPHaconeuraee eos ce ae 295) SOsail
DOWN ec ee Pere oye eo oe ey eretest oust iste obs 80 Phantasmatocera..... 43, 45, 46, 48, 50
WlecieyvONe Pree v.cistSevetia che oa cotuersnecs 12 TPHENTCOM ee Sona neds saseeteaerens eee sans 63), we
MOCEMCHNCA wae oh Sansa oo oe, MOO, Vou Phaladelplaage, Scocia ees pete sree oketenehs 63
MIOSHCCIALASS AM.” “el je anceiebe eters @ aoc 44, 53 PET ars 5.cis aia ctor iw om etoeeeet ates, demesne 44
BUENO PSVCMEL ny ac Tess tePauciie iets eileen ote 12 Phivllodtiyas) iA tat oo oharene seed enol saves eaeks 22
RieSTUr aba hage— dayelc tacctenssets, fevehistereustts 44, 59 Phyllyphiamtian 9. .<im sense erie 20, 21
WES Committers. nots 224 cea havedoncna sacl ste tous ie 63 WI atOGOT A) <. “24.0 oic-e ts ee eee rene 44, 60, 61
SLE E apni ct on cuts 2, ciate wouactnenias siseitoy star tLe uc emcetts 22 Platypleura. chs yl Merete tee 7
Hitt] POL Ae ewintadt ss cloeea cas Oaone ile ape all al Poeeciwlopters, ch. ' Sse cxeseyesiciatewedone cease B5
GSB R Mle Bee rere arch cicensivarcorien eae gelvee vale tector 19 IPO CHAZ: o,f usarst au us Come hes epeeieomegeetane 18
GOlASGISSUS Mi Estel + cis ceecbomenoie a eincn ar 25 Polychaetophyes! 2) ciateicrmksonene cette ie 10
Genestilader se jor neisl cists aoorpere ees nye 81, 83 Pompontass; fis. = ath oe Re eee 10
GoneOkaral gar: oo. wis sceleke Mites cea SQN MPS eh. dicaete eve atetalelemoke eee ee ten Tone 8
ELA TISCTINA Mien eA tere oe eats cis tatoo hcl 23 AS ROUTE aio Ole Eee c 63, .73, TT, 78,79
FEMUSH ae sice citse + che nie eres a nee aes 16 Putala, © Asha scescsiconei este eee mens 12
TB IG CHUD a ees eee RRC lobe are. eae 63 Pvrrhoneuta, 3b. ceo oe eerie AS) AS DL
HTBINISOUACLINIS, 3 ai-,lc eels sisal easeacey russe 24 Rhotanian sees ee al 81, 82; 83, 84
(TRON e 1 och ols Se hc) voc mies (2s 44, 59, 60 Ricaniae:: “ots st lowe sek bore Ts Gus.
IRICITDI (4 ane Sioa bene cameo era Gl 32 oO Ricanopteray te cite «cts iets ise erated 18
ELUTE teres, otras Loe Sara tee al eteMewe ties 22 RRODILUWSivse nets « wes ie minster ic ae 42, 44
TB EDU (G) 015; MRE ee CRE REECE ORME aceotin aches 8 Saltirmishis! ae aeitinacts eee cr ee 21
ERY STCTODAOGUIDN oo. vajione cienes sie eLencret Renee ens 27 Sassnullahe >< Pe. Ftv tie emcla ar ics 18
DUPER aMIN he ches scceiereyetecasunmtomeustse st me 44 Scaman Grave ccc oceanic eae iG
SC rey Sree aclich cucpoee to cus Cha Chon. SERENE 63 Scieroptera.-9 cn et eee © scat 8
1545) TE eo ee ROCCE Go 44 51, 52 Sikiamatis, “Scns vcr eee 31, 62, 63
amionGalkal a, cueke oe elsnsscce shensos auch sue 44, 54 Siphamitian 24 cysc active sens eye chieneneines 21
Ie hranoniitepice betcha i AS Apyats Peduio Miarcheec 43, 45 UMMA Cala cP ei occ secls: Phen ss gus phil os eager 81
HSFOVINTES Tele ore leesrelest ictus 2s sveus hemes diene etek 29, 81 SUVA ee) cetenip tie cieaatiaoansyctet sees 29, 80, 81
ISuapenricl eee Aras weer tak ccs relies clus) chem, tomers 43 Swezeyla. ose pts tac leone oo
Tia mena pei wie Oey ODs OOM oie aS Syvmtames® 247 ei se elec nee eve ave oe rete 32
TY STEMI <i is lo dete oy eele) wiles tetey ice epietohedette 11 TAD OOSS, is. ujcianeren Sec) sami sce uote mere 44
Meomeliehrarraiy sis secre olen eereas ee 62, 63, 65 NOVASA Wet. pn oes ers cried erst ree pokes 22
MepialGOCeERage . cies cuss ei. tes steno 44, 59 Memesaien “ietalebmechiate: = Siem atc emote aT
eptopsaltrigtees\. 2.0 erie, sosksy's eee ee 9 MR eh} ofaret: em tls Sis) Neel ciees Shot sie Sc 25
Gaye Ssh cee ecthererelejs 07 at eke errs sors 81, 83, 84 Mhaniatodi Cyan. oe sar ee.cerels tena ahem 16
FOUTS Perce cet uen tees eh eedeane cuales She eye corer 25 Mrs Gaile % stewcre.chius for 0 cs bol ose cee eS 67
Tawi CONIA aretentvo- wis lorvay sl sotoeer es eenel bee 44, 53 Thvrocephalus...........32, 37, 38, 42
Mach aenotamcomeytioke conermuee nachos otek n) ote 10 ATTTOTISIS 1<1e ¢ che Busco © cist keene 43
VIS reall a comer ee ale scl cn eh Orval e ete erie, ovale 44 Widuigamaay <, *. 7s ters ceusieie te acca eee ere 12
Mecynorhvnehus'<. <..55.<-' 5 Sil fee Mekunta"<* Gece Moet s see Sieh Sah art
Moerzatropisi ) nenulstitctsiie oil) 245 Oe SWilvialidie 2 get Never: eisinvens cite suenetotegeteiny as 44
IVa ai ob ic shcatce fit. o osectinn entra oremeiral eke 13 VAN ato Wen 06 # pattern lame Ehcs 2 a Bir 31, 62, 66
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