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J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND
iin) helo Or HE
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS
TO PATAGONIA, 1896-1899
J. B. HATCHER
IN CHARGE
EDITED BY
WihPeltAMeb SCOTT
BLAIR PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AND PALAONTOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
VO. DVS eV IIT
BOTANY
PN EOIN, IN. 3
THE UNIVERSITY
STUTTGART
SCHWEIZERBART SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE)
1903-6 4»
J. PIERPONT MORGAN PUBLICATION FUND
REPORTS OF THE
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY EXPEDITIONS TO PATAGONIA
1896-1899
COLAC IH WIG a
BOTANY
PetiileVvEGe DATION (OF) WESTERN PATAGONIA
By P. DUSEN
Peete PNIIG- COLLECIED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA
By A. W. EVANS
YALE UNIVERSITY
Il. PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES
By P. DUSEN
IV. FERNS AND FERN-LIKE PLANTS OF PATAGONIA
Vie PLORASRATAGONICA (IN Part)
By GEORGE MACLOSKIE
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
PRINCETON, N. J.
THE UNIVERSITY
STUGIGARE
SCHWEIZERBART’SCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG (E. NAGELE)
1903-6
Neb ei Oe ONE NS eV Olen LL:
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
NOTES FOR BOTANISTS
PART I. VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA, P. Duseén .
Community of Evergreen Beeches
1. Southern section .
2. Northernmost parts
Peat-bogs .
3. Rio Aysen Valley.
Deciduous beeches
The Steppe district
The Mountain flora .
Pete HEPAIICAL COLLECTED IN» S. PATAGONIA, A. W. Evans
Supplementary List of Patagonian Hepaticz
PART Ill. PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES, P. Dusen.
Sphagnales
Andrezales
Bryales,—Acrocarpinez
Dicranaceze
Pottiacez .
Grimmiacez
Orthotrichacee .
Funariaceze
Bryaceze
Meeseaceze
Mniacez
Bartramiacez
Polytrichacee . :
Pleurocarpineze, Leucodontaceze
Stereodontacee .
Hy pnaceze : ; : :
Catalog of Musci of Patagonia, etc.
Chara
298389
Lies.
OS.
wuOR,
aby
473
+ Ce)
22075
EYE
2/99;
IOI,
X1xX
35-58
58-62
63-
105,
106,
106,
106,
109,
109,
110,
87,
Th.
96,
114,
99;
II5,
118,
105—
125
120
120
120
120
I2I
22
122
122
122
95
Py
123
123
123
100
124
124
126
vi
PART IV. PIERIDOPHY TA. FERNS, VEC. a G.
UNDERWOOD
-CONTENTS.
Ophioglossacez, Adder’s- fohene!
Hymenophyllacee, Filmy-ferns .
Polypodiacez, etc.
Salviniacez, Water-ferns
Equisetacez, Horsetails
Lycopodiaceze, Clubmosses
Isoetacez, Quillworts
MacLoskig and L. M.
127-138
127
i237,
13%
135
136
136
138
PART V. FLORA PATAGONICA, THE FLOWERING PLANTS, SPERMA-
TOPHYTA OR PHANEROGAMIA, G. MActoskIE : : 3 139-920
SUPERCLASS I. GYMNOSPERME
Crass I. CONIFER
Fam.
2:
. Pinacez, Pines me Firs
Cupressacez, Cypress .
3. Taxacex, Yew
Crass 2. GNETALES, Joint-firs
Fam. 4. Ephedracee.
SUPERCLASS IL. ANGIOSPERM
Crass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES
Fam. 5.
6.
re
8.
QO.
10.
rr
72:
13:
14.
re:
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
ARM
Typhaceae, Cat-tail
Potamogetonacez, Pondweed
Juncaginacee, Arrowgrass
Alismacez, Water-plantain .
Vallisneriacee, Tapegrass
Graminez, Grasses
Cyperacee, Sedges
Aracez
Lemnacee, Duckeweed:
Restionacez
Centrolepidaceze .
Bromeliacez, Hanging-moss
Juncacez, Rush .
Liliaceez, Lily
Amaryllidacez
Iridacez
Orchidacez
Crass 2. DICOTYLEDONES
AreTAL#, flowers mostly without porantr or at ieee Pithone a double
a Ss
ae.
24.
A
26.
perianth
Salicacez, Willow
Fagacez, Beech .
Urticacez, Nettle.
Proteacez
Loranthacee, Mistletoe
140-145, 908
1.40—908
140
I4I
142
144
: 144, 908
. 146-905, 908-920
. 146-324, go08—gIo
146
147
150
152
153
154
256
289
290
292
292
293
295
393
309
312
: 320
325-905, 910-920
- 325-354, 910-911
325
325
EN
So0
335
27.
28.
20.
30.
cae
CONTENTS.
Myzodendracee, Angels’-beard
Santalacez, Sandal-wood
Olacacez
Hydnoraceze
Polygonacee, Buckwheat
CuoriPETAL#@, mostly with non- connate petals
32;
33.
. Nyctaginaceze, Marvel-of-Peru
. Aizoacee (Ficoidez), Carpet-weed
. Portulacaceze, Purslane
. Caryophyllacez, Pink .
. Ceratophyllaceze, Hornwort .
. Ranunculaceze, Crowfoot
. Berberidacez, Barberry
Chenopodiacez, Goosefoot
Amarantaceze, Amaranth
. Magnoliacez
. Monimiaceze :
. Papaveracez prone nisicer): Reamer
. Cruciferz, Mustard
. Capparidacez, Caper
. Resedacez, Mignonette
. Droseracez, Sundew
. Crassulaceze, Stonecrop
. Saxifragacee, Saxifrage
Cunoniaceze
. Rosacez, Rose
. Leguminose, Pea.
. Geraniacez, Geranium .
Oxalidacee .
. Tropzolacee, Nasturtion
. Zygophyllacez
. Poylgalacez, Molcwert)
. Euphorbiacez, Spurge .
Callitrichaceze, Water-starwort
. Empetraceze, Crowberry
. Coriariacez
. Anacardiaceze, Sumach
. Celastracez, Staff-tree .
. Rhamnacez, Buckthorn
. Elzocarpacez
. Malvaceae, Mallow
. Eucryphiaceze
. Hypericacez, St. joni wort
. Frankeniacez
. Violacez, Violet .
. Flacourtiacez
Vil
336
338
344
344
345
; 354-644, 911-017
354
Vill
v2.
73:
74-
75:
70.
77:
78.
79:
80.
81.
82.
CONTENTS.
Passifloraceze, Passion-flower
Loasacez ;
Cactacez, Cactus
Thymeleaceze, Mezereon
Lythracez, Loose-strife
Myrtacee, Myrtle
Onagraceze, Evening-primrose
Haloragidaceze, Water-milfoil
Araliaceze, Ginseng
Umbelliferae, Carrot
Cornacee, Dogwood
SyMPETAL, mostly Sympetalous
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
gO.
OL
. Asclepiadacee, Milkweed
. Convolvulacez
Ericacez, Heath .
Epacridaceze :
Primulacez, Primrose .
Plumbaginacez, Leadwort
Sapotacee .
Oleacez, Olive
Loganiacez
Gentianacee, Gentian
Apocynaceze, Dogbane
. Polemoniacez, Phlox
. Hydrophyllacee, Waterleaf .
. Borraginacee, Borage .
. Verbenacez
. Labiate, Mint
. Solanacez, Potato :
. Scrophulariacee, Snapdragon
. Bignoniacez, Trumpet-creeper
. Gesneriaceze : :
. Martyniaceze, Unicorn-plant
. Lentibulariacez, Bladder-wort
TOR
1006.
107.
108.
109.
110.
eae
112.
Ey.
Plantaginacez, Plantain
Rubiaceze, Madder
Valerianacez
Dipsacacee, Teasel
Campanulacee, Bell-flower
Goodeniacez :
Candolleacez, (Stylidiez)
Calyceracez :
Composite .
Tribe 1. Vernonice
2. Eupatoriee
3. Asteree .
584
585
591
597
599
601
606
615
619
619
: : - 643
. 644-906, 917-920
644
649
650
654
656
657
658
660
663
663
665
667
673
676
680
694
698
re
727
728
730
730
731
738
744
750
751
755
756
: 756
764-905
765, 773
765, 766, 773
765, 766, 778
CONTENTS. ix
4. Inulee . , : : ; . ‘ : 766, 768, 810
5. Helianthee . : ; : ; ; , 765; 768, 820
6. HHelenice , : : : : : ; 765, 709, 825
7. Anthemidee . : : ° P é é 766, 770, 828
8. Senectonee : : 5 ; ; : 765, 770, 832
9g. Calendulee . ‘ : : ; : 766, 771, 861
Il. Cynarce : : : : : : : VOR. 771, O51
12. Mutisiee é : ; : : : : 766, 771, 863
13. Cichoriee é : : ; : ; . 766, 772, 896-905
PART VI. ANALYSIS OF ORDERS AND FAMILIES, : ; ; 907-920
fee VIL COLLECTORS, ETC, : : : : : : : : : g21
Bibliography ; : ‘ ‘ 2 : ; : : ; : : 925
Pevee VIII, TOPOGRAPHY : : ‘ : é : : : é : 937
Glossary of Localities : : ; F : : : : ; : : 938
PART IX. CHARACTER AND ORIGIN OF THE PATAGONIAN FLORA _. 945
Supplementary Revisions and Corrections : : ; 961-963
Errata : ; ; ; : : 3 : : . 34, 104, 964, also p. xx sqq.
Index : : ; E : : : ; : ‘ : ; " 965-982
eon PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS OF VOLUME VIII.
The dates of issue, as printed on the inside of the covers of the various parts, are approx-
imations made in advance and in each case antedate by a few days the time of actual issue to the
subscribers. These dates should therefore be corrected as follows :
Pp. 1-138. Pll. I-XI, published July 8, 1903.
Pp. 139-338. Pll. XII-XIV, published June 30, 1904.
Pp. 339-594. Pll. XV—XX, published Jan. 10, 1905.
Pp. 595-810. Pil. XXI-XXVII, published Nov. 25, 1905.
Pp. 811-982. Pll. XXVIII-XXXI, published Feb. 28, 1906.
ee eos lee iele Oo RL LON S:
Figures 1-26, of mosses, by Dusén, usually with forms of leaves and capsules, and of
leaf-cells.
PAGE.
Fig. 1. Axisothecium perpusillum , : : ; : ; : : : : 66
Fig. 2. Dicranowetsia perpulvinata . : : : : “ : : : ; 67
Fig. 3. Dicranum cirrhifolum . : : ; : : : : : : ; 69
Fig. 4. Dicranum scaberrimum . : : } : : : : wt
Fig. 5. Dicranum dicranellatum, leaves, capsule an miele HOWer : 4 , : : 73
Fig. 6. Barbula perrubiginosa . , ; ; , P : ; : ; : 76
Fig. 7. Grimmia fallax. : : : : : : : : : bis,
Fig. 8. G. macropulvinata, leaf-structure, gemme and capsules . : : 79
Fig. 9. Orthotrichum macloski . : é F : : : : . : : 80
Fig. 10. O. compactum : : : : : : : 81
Fig. 11. Ulota hamata, feat structure Bhanetostona and capsule . : : : ; 83
Fig. 12. Macromitrium bifasciculare . . : : A : ? : ; : 84
Fig. 13. Zygodon curvicaulis ; ; é : : : : : : : 85
Fig. 14. Zygodon hatcheri, leaf-structure anal gemma . , 5 ; : ; : 86
Fig. 15. Leptobryum pottiaceum . ‘ : : : : : : : ; : 88
Fig. 16. Bryum lamprochete : : ‘ : : : : ; : 2 : 89
Fig. 17. Bryum vernicosum : ; ; : F : : : : : : gl
Fig. 18. Bryum rigochete . : . : : : , ; : : : : 2
Fig. 19. Bryum hatcherti ; : : : : : : : : : : 93
Fig. 20. Webera lonchochete : : : ‘ : : : : ‘ : ; 94
Fig. 21. Meesea patagonica : : : : : : : : : ‘ ‘ 95
Fig. 22. Philonotis parallela A 2 : : : : ; ; : : : 98
Fig. 23. Plagiothectum leptoplumosum . : : : ; : : : : . 100
Fig. 24. Sctaromium depastum . : ; : 4 ; ; b : , 5 Gr
Mig; 25. S. gracile : : ; : : ; : : : : : en SO3
Fig. 26. Hypnum perplicatum ; : 3 : : : : : : el OA
(Figures 27-106, of Flowering Plants.)
Fig. 27. Dacrydium fonki (Taxacee). ; : ‘ : i : . P : 143
Fig. 28. Ephedra nana. : , ; ; : : ' : 144
Fig. 29. Tetroncium ne ihe domme : 5 ; A ‘ : 150
Fig. 30. Poa kerguelensis (Graminee), structure of ates: : : ; : ; 154
Fig. 31. Szpa, structure of spikelet . 5 : : ‘ 4 ; : 169
Fig. 32. Muhlenbergia rarifiora, inflorescence eng spileelet : : z : : : 178
Fig. 33. Alopecurus antarcticus, spike and spikelet : ‘ : ; : : 2 180
xi
LIST OF VILLUST RATIONS:
. Agrostis airoides, plant and parts of spikelet .
A. antarctica, inflorescence and spikelet
. Aira atropurpurea, inflorescence and floral organs .
. Deschampsia antarctica, plant and spikelet
. D. kingit, panicle and floral organs :
. Trisetum doze, panicle, spikelet, and glumes .
. Tussock-grass, leaves and spikelets
. Festuca pogonantha, spikelet and glumes
. F. fuegiana, normal and viviparous spikelets .
. F. purpurascens, spikelet
. Carpha schenoides (Cyperacee), enikelet and f uit .
. Elynanthus laxus, inflorescence, spikelet, and achene
. Uncinia king, spike, spikelet, and awn.
. U. macrotricha and U. cylindrica, spikes and achencs
. Carex banksit, inflorescence, flowers, and achene
. C. darwinit, spike and female flower
. C. incompta, male and female spikes
. C. magellanica, spike, female flower and achene
. C. urolepis, spike, male flower and utricle
. Astelia pumila (Liliacee), flower
. Sisyrinchium filifolium Star-grass (Iridacez), flor sik organs
Symphyostemon lyckholmt, inflorescence and flowers
. Tapeinia magellanica, \eafage, flowers and fruit
. Codonorchis lessonu (Orchidacee), general habit and flower
. Nothophagus antarctica, deciduous southern beech.
. NV. montagnet, leaves and involucre
. LV. betuloides, evergreen southern beech.
. Kenigia (Macounastrum) fuegiana (Polygonacee), Tilorecence oad sinale
. Rumex decumbens, leaves, inflorescence and fruit
. Caltha dioneefolia (Ranunculacez), branch, leaf and flower
. Anemone decapetala, general habit
. Ranunculus cespitosus, habit, with petal and eehere
. R. hydrophilus and R. trullifolius . :
. Hamadryas tomentosa, male flower and petal .
. Winter's Bark (Magnol.), inflorescence and fruit
. Cardamine pygmea (Cruciferee), general habit
. Saxifraga bicuspidata, shoot, with leaves :
. Acena adscendens (Rosacez), flower and fruit mth plachraae
. Patagonium carnosum and P. negeri (Leguminosz), shoot, flower and fruit
. Oxalts laciniata, petals and long- and short-styled flower
. Gunnera magellanica (Haloragidacee), pistillate plant
zorella ranunculus (Umbelliferze), leaves, flower and fruit
. A, selago, shoot, leaf and fruit
. Lileopsis (Crantzia) lineata, plant, flower “fe feat
. Gaultheria microphylla (Ericacee), branch and floral parts
. Pernettya empetrifolia, (The cuts of Figs. 82 and 83 are eceeen
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Lisl OF ILLUSTRATIONS:
. P. mucronata, general habit (the cut is given as Fig. 82, p. 646)
Lysimachia marginata, n. s. (Primulacez), leaf and flower
. Gentiana patagonica, habit with flowers and fruit
. Collomia patagonica (Polemoniacez), perianth-parts and et
. Androsace salact, (see infra, p. xxi)
. Myosotis albiflora (Borraginacez), general habit aH eed
Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus (Verbenacez), branch, flower, etc.
. Lyctum chubutense and L. durispina (Solanacez), floral parts .
. Benthamiella nordenskjoldi, floral parts . :
. Calceolaria fothergilli (Scropulariacee), plant, newer ar capsule
. Ourisia brevifiora, plant and flower
Pinguicula antarctica (Lentibulariacez), Bane Aone and fit
. Pratia repens (Campanulacez), leaves and flower . :
. Acicarpha rosulata and A. spathulata (Calycanthacez), heads and fevers
. Chiliophyllum fuegianum (Composite), head, flowers and pappus
. Lagenophora commersonii, plant and floral parts :
. Baccharis dusenit, branch, leaf and scale
. Gnaphalium spicatum, spike and floral parts .
. Senecio alleophyllus, branch and head
. S. candidus, \eaf, head and flower
. S. falklandicus, head and flowers
. S. stipellatus, involucral scale
. S. trifurcatus, habit, head and fruit
. Eviachenium magellanicum, branch and head
. Chuquiraga duseni, head and involucral scales
. Dusenia patagonica, habit, flower and scales
. Lasiorrhiza (Chabrea suaveolens), head and flower
Xl
647
653
661
669
670
680
693
701
FT
71Z
724
731
754
704
787
788
804
81g
838
840
845
858
859
861
865
866
892
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY,
PRINCETON, N. J., November, 1905.
To PROFESSOR W. B. Scorrt,
Dear Sir:
Having been requested by you to take charge of the collections
of Patagonian plants made by the late Mr. John B. Hatcher and Mr.
O. A. Peterson, I have the honor to submit this volume as the outcome
of such measures as I was able to adopt. It consists of: (1) a gen-
eral sketch of the vegetation of Western Patagonia, hitherto little known,
which was prepared for me by Dr. Per Dusén, one of the leading explorers
of that section, and an expert in its botany; (2) the Hepatica, or Liver-
worts, having been worked up by Professor Alexander W. Evans, of Yale
University, and reported on with descriptions and illustrations of new
species, in the Zorrey Bulletin of August, 1898, here reproduced with
the permission of the author and the publishers; (3) Dr. Dusén, who is
a specialist in Bryology, and an authority on the Mosses of Peraustral
America, has prepared for us a report on the Hatcher Mosses, with de-
scriptions and illustrations of the new species. This forms Part III, and
is partially simultaneous with the publication by the same author in the
Swedish Reports, describing the large collections of Mosses made by him-
self and others in connection with the Nordenskjdld Swedish Exploration
in Southern and Western Patagonia.
My own share of the work has consisted chiefly in examining and de-
scribing the Pteridophytes and the Flowering-plants of the Hatcher-Peter-
son collections, and also of a small collection by Mr. Barnum Brown,
entrusted to me by Director N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanical Gar-
den. Though there was not much new material in any of these collec-
tions, they proved to be valuable, as illustrating a very interesting and
instructive flora, with which northern botanists are not usually familiar.
In these circumstances it was judged desirable, with your concurrence, to
prepare a general summary of the species, with as much descriptive matter
as might enable one provisionally to identify them; also with some notes
of their habitats and of their relations to plants in extern lands. (Ina
XV
XV1 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
very few cases descriptions of noteworthy extern species are given for
purposes of comparison.) The task proved more formidable than I had
anticipated; and I cannot say that I have always succeeded as well as I
might have done. My aim was to provide a book which shall be helpful
to others in circumstances like my own; and to furnish a sketch of a pecu-
liar and interesting vegetation.
The region which the work embraces has for a long time been fascinat-
ing to botanists, and now colonists from various parts of Europe are feel-
ing their way into it, giving promise to transform it in the near future into
a field of agricultural and commercial development. It may therefore be
convenient to have in a single volume the information regarding its pecu-
liar plants, which is now spread over learned volumes and papers in sev-
eral languages.
I have to make large acknowledgments of aid rendered me by others.
Professor B. L. Robinson, Director of the Gray Herbarium, of Harvard
University, and Director N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanical Gar-
den, gave me personal help and the free use of the splendid libraries and
botanical collections under their care; and Miss Mary Anne Day, of the
Gray Herbarium, and Miss Anna Murray Vail, of the Library of the New
York Botanical Garden, duplicated the favor by their skilful and unwearied
services in piloting me through the books and collections. Professors J.
K. Small and P. A. Rydberg, of the New York Botanical Garden, assisted
me with their experience. I have also to thank Mr. W. J. Fox and Mr.
Sanderson Brown, of the Library of the Academy of Sciences, Philadel-
phia; Director F. V. Coville of the U.S. Agricultural Department, Wash-
ington, D. C., and Professor E. L. Greene, lately Professor of Botany in
the Catholic University of that city; also Professor E. L. Morris, of Wash-
ington High Schools, and Professor H. C. Thompson, of the Botanic
| _ Garden of St. Louis. Professor Lucien M. Underwood, of Columbia
University, New York, examined and named the ferns for me; and Pro-
fessor Francis E. Lloyd, of the same place, examined the Lycopodiums,
and aided me in other ways. One of the last services rendered on his
favorite Chara by the lamented T. F. Allen, of New York, appears on
page 126.
Foreign correspondents have also been generous. Dusén crowned his
services, noted above, by sending me numerous publications, issued by
the Swedish Society, with lists of Patagonian and Fuegian plants collected,
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. XVil
and many of them described by himself. Dr. Carlos Spegazzini, of La
Plata, by far the most industrious and apt of living authorities on the Per-
austral Vegetation of Argentina, Eastern Patagonia and Fuegia, furnished
me-with his valuable publications,-and sometimes with his advice. Dr.
F. Kurtz, of the Museum of Cordoba, Argentina, sent me a set of the
botanical publications of that institution. And I have the honor to ac-
knowledge assistance, for identifications and otherwise, received from Sir
W. T. Thiselton Dyer, of the Royal Botanical Garden of Kew, and from
Dr. O. Hoffmann and Dr. E. Gilg, of the K6niglich Botanischer Garten
of Berlin. Dr. Hoffmann is entitled to thanks for Plate XXX, which
illustrates new species of Composite, described by himself from specimens
collected by Dusén; one of them by Hatcher. Dr. Gilg describes an inter-
esting new species of vada which is in the Hatcher collection.
Whilst some of the plates represent new species, others present long
known forms chosen as types of the very curious vegetation of the coun-
try. I am under obligations to the artist, Mr. J. Nugent Fitch, a
nephew and worthy successor of the artist of the Flora Antarctica. He
has shown marvellous skill in his work; often having had very poor ma-
terial to work from. Mr. F. Van Iterson prepared the sketches, under
my supervision ; and Mr. R. C. DeMange prepared the text-figures, which
have been made strictly accessory to the text itself. This part has been
further helped by references to Britton and Brown’s /V/ustrated Flora, and
to Engler and Prantl’s Pfanzenfamilien, two great works which are well
illustrated and very accessible.
Finally, I beg to thank you, Dear Sir, for the assiduity with which you
have endeavored to further the work, and also to thank the ever-patient
printers; and most of all to recognize the Kind Providence who has kept
me in good health during these years which have been devoted in large
measure to a very enjoyable, though sometimes rather tedious task.
Yours ever truly,
GEORGE MACLOSKIE.
-
NOTES FORT BORANES TS:
PN Veo PER CIES NAMED, AND? DESCRIBED IN: THIS
VOLUME.
(1) Some of these have, with my permission, previously appeared else-
where, and are here transcribed: viz.:
Blepharostoma pilosum Evans (Aug., 1898), p. 41, pl. iv, figs. 1-6.
Fungermannia hatchert Evans (Aug., 1898), p. 45, pl. v, figs. 1-7.
Tylimanthus anderssonw (Aongstr.) Evans (Aug., 1898), p. 56, pl. vi,
10-19.
Hamadryas sempervivoides Sprague (May, 1902), p. 414, pl. xvi.
(2) Here first described.
A. Mossss.
Antsothectum perpusillum Dus., p. 66, pl. vii, 1, 2.
Dicranoweista perpulvinata Dus., p. 67, pl. vil, 3, 4.
Dicranum cirrhifolium Schpr., p. 69, fig. 3, pl. vil, 5-7.
D. scaberrimum Dus., p. 70, fig. 4, pl. vil, 1.
D. dicranellatum Dus., p. 74, fig. 73, pl. vit, 2, 3.
Barbula perrubiginosa Dus., p. 75, fig. 6, pl. viii, 4.
Grimmia fallax Dus., p. 77, fig. 7, 8, pl. vill, 5, 6.
G. macropulvinata Dus., p. 78, fig. 8, pl. vit, 7.
Orthotrichum macloski Dus., p. 80, fig. 9, pl. vill, 8-11.
O. compactum Dus., p. 81, fig. 10, pl. ix, 1-3.
Ulota hamata Dus., p. 82, fig. 11, pl. ix, 4.
Macromitrium bifasciculare C. Miill., p. 83, fig. 12, pl. 1x, 5.
Zygodon curvicaults Dus., p. 84, fig. 13, pl. ix, 6, 7.
mHaCHer7 JUS... p. 00,02, 14). ple ix, 3,9:
Leptobryum pottiaceum Dus., p. 87, fig. 15, pl. 1x, 10-12.
Bryum lamprochete Dus., p. 89, fig. 16, pl. ix, 13-15.
B. vernicosum Dus., p. 90, fig. 17, pl. x, I, 2.
B. rigochete Dus., p. 91, fig. 18, pl. x, 3, 4.
XIX
XX
NOTES FOR BOTANISTS.
Bhaichers Disp. O2a0e 10,101 ax.. 5,0.
Webera lonchochete Dus., p. 94, fig. 20, pl. x, 7-9.
Meesea patagonica Dus., p. 95, fig. 21, pl. xi, I.
Philonotis parallela Dus., p. 97, fig. 22.
Plagiothecium leptoplumosum Dus., p. 100, fig. 23, pl. x1, 3-5.
Scravomium adepastum Dus., p. 101, fig. 24, pl. xi, 2.
Sc.gracile Dus, p.)102, tig) 25, pla xi0.
Hyphnum perplicatum Dus., p. 103, fig. 26, pl. x1, 7.
B. PHANEROGAMS.
Potamogeton linguatus Hagstr., p. 149.
Arjona tuberosa, var. nov. lanata, p. 342, pl. xvi.
Quinchamalion mayus spegazsini, var. NOM. NOV., Pp. 343.
Myosurus gracilis (Speg.), Sp. nov., €x var., p. 403.
Ranunculus alboffit (Alboff), nom. nov., p. 405.
Draba hatcheriana Gilg, p. 444, pl. xviii B.
Acena alboffit (Alboff), nom. nov., p. 477.
Oxatts loricata Dus., p. 540.
Lysimachia marginata Macl., p. 652.
Plantago (Plantaginella) celorrhiza Morris & Macl., p. 734, pl. xxv.
Senecio alboffianus (Alboff), nom. nov., p. 838.
S. dusenu O. Hoftm., p. 844, pl. xxx B.
S. hatcherianus O. Hoffm., p. 847, pl. xxx A.
Nassauvia duseniw O. Hoffm., p. 879, pl. xxx C, D.
Triptiion duseni O. Hoffm., p. 885, pl. xxx E.
It. REVISION OF SOME SPECI FIl Gea sil
Deschampsia philipfi (Phil.), vice D. tenella, p. 203 (see p. 961).
Bromus hackelt (Hack.), vice B. patagonicus Hack., p. 241.
Szeglingia antarctica (Hook. f.), vice 7rtodia antarctica Hook. f.,
p. 214.
LBrodiea spegazzinit, p. 305, is identical with Funcordes patagonicum
(Speg.), p. 302, and should be omitted.
Brodiea luzula (Speg.), vice Luzula patagonica Speg., p. 305.
Astragalus duseni (Dus.), vice A. brevicaulis Dus., pp. 504, 962.
A. distinens (Gray), vice Phaca (Astragalus) distans Gray, p. 505.
NOTES FOR BOTANISTS. XX1
Patagonium carnosum Dus., is to be deleted, being identical with P.
salicornioides (Speg.) Speg. The original description overlooked
the tubercles of the fruit, and for this reason Dusén concluded that
he had got a different plant; p. 513.
Loasa karratkensis vice L. patagonica U. & G. (non Speg.), p. 587.
cep O02.
Ugnt ugni (Mol.), vice Myrtus ugni, and vice Ugnit moline, p. 602.
Nardophylum nardophyllum (O. Ktze.), vice Aster nardophyllum,
Ba7o4e ce, p. 903:
Senecio magellanensts (Phil.), vice S. magellanicus Phil., p. 852.
Nassauvia candollet (DC.), vice Nassauvia (Panargyrus) lagasce
(DE p. 878.
Page 379 the name Calandrinia densifolia should be C. denszflora, and
in p. 796 Lvrigeron spinulosus ought to be Z. speculosus.
Whilst complying with the rule which produces such names as Uguz
ugni, 1 have never approved of this rule. I think that when a specific
name is promoted so as to become generic, then -priorities shall be prop-
erly maintained by demoting the previous generic name so as to become
specific. Thus I should make the old name J/yrtus ugni Mol. become
Unt myrtus (Mol.); and Aster nardophyllum O. Ktze. become Nardo-
phytllum aster (O. Ktze.).
Collomia pusilla Dus., p. 670, was based on insufficient material, and
on his recent exploration its author, Dr. Dusén, found that it is Audrosace
salact F. Kurtz; also that it is identical with 4. seffentrionalis Speg. (non
Linn.). He adds “Perhaps 4. sa/act may be identical with 4. occzden-
fais Pursh.” Through his favor I am able to compare it with 4. occe-
dentalis, and I find them to be quite different.
The beech figured on Plate XIV as the host of Wyzodendron, is of the
species Vothofagus pumitio (P. & E.) Blume. On the plate it is errone-
ously assigned to WV. antarctica, whose leaves are correctly figured on
page 327.
Dr. Dusén calls my attention to the difference between Sprague’s
description of Hamadryas sempervivoides, p. 414, with lacinize of leaves
glabrous, and its figure in Plate XVI which presents the laciniz as ciliate
or hairy. The young specimens recently sent me by Dusén have the
laciniz quite glabrous, but older specimens have the leaf-sheath woolly,
as stated by Sprague; and this woolliness invades the laciniz, as a
XXIl NOTES FOR BOTANISTS.
tomentum, which was overlooked by Sprague. The hairiness of the plate
is the artist’s interpretation of this webby tomentum.
Plate XV. The right name of the plant figured is A’scallonia virgata
Pers. (of Saxifragaceze, p. 464). The note on p. 419, line 3, and the
perigyny shown by the figure dispose of the trial-name, Berberzs virgata,
which escaped notice until Dr. Dusén sent me the correct name. He
also informs me that the Hatcher specimen called Berberis ruscifolia (p.
418) is B. ehcifoha, that the Patagonium mucronatum (p. 517) is P.
lotowdes, and that the specimen called Verbena tridactylotdes (p. 690) is
Luphrasia antarctiica (p. 727), of which I have also got other Hatcherian
specimens. He displaces some of the specific names as being only
synonyms, viz.: Senecio kurtzi is S. kingi (a radiate form of the latter) ;
Senecio vaginefolius is S. argenteus ; and in the same line Senhor Teo-
doro Stuckert, of Cordoba, makes Baccharis duseni (p. 804) a synonym
of B. melanopotamica. I respectfully invite further corrections from bot-
anists, with a view to using them some day for a supplemental Bulletin.
Wl NEW GENERIC NAMES:
As some new genera erected by Spegazzini, and one by Hoffmann,
have not yet got into the textbooks their descriptions are given in full.
Of Spegazzini’s genera we have:
Halophytum (Chenopodiacee), p. 371.
Amarantellus (Amarantacez), p. 374.
Philippiella (Caryophyllacez), p. 397.
Delpinoéla (Cruciferze), p. 427.
Aontkena (Euphorbiacez), p. 555.
Monopyrena (Verbenacez), p. 692.
Benthamiella (Solanacez), p. 712.
Strongylomopsis (Composite), p. 886.
Ameghinoa (Composite), p. 886.
Hoffmann’s new genus of Patagonian plants is Dusenza (Composite),
p. 866, with fig. 105.
Recent revisions of generic names have caused extensive changes in the
complexion of the names of plants, as presented by the Second Supple-
ment of the Index Kewensis, and other works. When the revision involves
a change of gender of the generic name, as with Lawzu/a becoming Fun-
coides, Adesmia becoming Patagontum, and Davaua becoming Schinus,
terminal changes of the specific names usually, but not always follow suit.
BAR et
THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA.
BY
P. DUSEN.
PNG O DUG TTON:
N the years 1895-1897 I travelled in Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, and
] southern Chili on a general exploration of the botany and geology of
that section, but making the moss-vegetation of the several districts
the subject of my particular attention. It was therefore a great pleasure
to me, on my return from South America, to receive for examination,
from Professor George Macloskie, of Princeton University, a collection of
mosses, which had been brought home from Tierra del Fuego and Pata-
gonia by Mr. J. B. Hatcher. Before giving an account of these mosses, I
may perhaps be allowed in a few words to describe the leading features
of the western Patagonian vegetation. There is, I think, all the more
need for this course, as our knowledge of this vegetation is very incom-
plete, being founded on only a few short notes in the books of Charles
Darwin, R. O. Cunningham and a few other travellers, and on statements
scattered through certain purely floristic works. For the northernmost
section of western Patagonia we have a couple of detailed accounts by Dr.
Ch. Reiche, describing the vegetation along the Rio Manso, which flows
into the Reloncavi Inlet, and that of the district around the mouths of the
Rio Paléna. We have hardly any other information on the subject.
The following description of the western Patagonian vegetation is
founded upon my own explorations in the westernmost parts of the Straits
of Magellan, in Newton Island (lat. 51° 53° S.), at Puerto Bueno (about
51° S.) and along Molyneux Sound (about 50° 16° S.), also upon my
observations as a member of an expedition to the Rio Aysen, the expenses
of which were defrayed by the Chilian government, and during a subse-
quent exploration of the Guaitecas Islands (about 43° 50 S.).
I
2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
The mighty chain of the Andes, the prevailing westerly and southwest-
erly winds, and the influence of the Pacific Ocean are the chief factors
regulating the climate of this region. In the extensive archipelago and on
the western slope of the Cordillera, as might have been expected before-
hand, the climate is decidedly maritime. The rainfall is considerable and,
though not definitely ascertained, it may amount to about three meters
per annum, and fog is the rule. In the southernmost part of the coast dis-
trict severe frosts and snow are not uncommon, while in the northern sec-
tion even aslight frost is very rare and snow does not occur in the islands
and coast-district proper.
On the other hand, the eastern slope of the Cordillera naturally has a
much drier climate, with far greater extremes of temperature for the sum-
mer and winter months than in the coast district, snow not being uncom-
mon. Farther east the moisture of the air rapidly decreases and the
steppes proper have an extremely dry climate. Judging from my own
experience in the neighborhood of Lake Nahuel-huapi, the lowest winter
temperature is not below 10° C. (14° F.).
The differences of climate on the two sides of the Cordillera produce a
complete difference in vegetation between the two slopes. In the damp
coast district very dense forests predominate, composed chiefly of ever-
green beeches with small coriaceous leaves, while the forests of the eastern
Slope are thin and park-like, also composed of beeches, but these have
deciduous leaves. The other vegetation of these two sections shows
contrasts quite as striking. Farther eastward the park-like forests of
deciduous trees are replaced by the Patagonian steppe. From what I
saw in the upper Aysen valley, the boundary line between the evergreen
and the deciduous beech forests is very marked; they do not interosculate
with each other. The case is different, however, with the deciduous forests
and the steppes, in so far as smaller steppes are occasionally met with in
the forest region long before the wide, unbroken plain is reached. But
the limit between forest and steppe appears in all cases to be well defined,
the transition from one to the other being quite sudden. West Patagonia
may accordingly be divided into three belts, each running parallel with
the Cordillera and each with a markedly different vegetation: (1) the
rainy district, comprising the archipelago and the western slope of the.
Cordillera, the vegetation of which may be termed the community of ever-
green beeches ; (2) the district on the eastern slope of the Cordillera, with
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 3
a moderate rainfall, the vegetation of which may be characterized as the
community of deciduous beeches ,; (3) the steppe region, still farther east-
ward. These divisions have their counterparts in the three similar ones
into which I have elsewhere divided the Magellan territory.!
Within the two first-named belts the forest predominates, broken in
some places by smaller treeless areas, which, however, are of only
secondary importance. More remarkable are the sections above the
forest-line, the uplands proper. These I know only so far as the southern-
most part of western Patagonia is concerned, since the above-mentioned
expedition to the Rio Aysen never succeeded in reaching the end of the
forest, there being such a dense undergrowth that we did not once reach
an altitude above 200 meters. Owing to the limited time at my disposal
the attempt had to be given up, the forest-line here running at the height
of about 1000 meters. My account of the western Patagonian vegetation
must therefore be deficient in that the flora of the fell or upland district
can be touched upon in part only.
Pee COMMUNITY, OF EVERGREEN BRECHES.
The coast district of western Patagonia, in the whole of its length,
including the archipelago, is covered with particularly dense primeval
forests, very inaccessible to the traveller. This inaccessibility is due not
only to the compactness of the vegetation, but also to the number of fallen
and decaying trunks, which bar the way in all directions. In the southern
parts of the district the undergrowth of bushes is neither very vigorous nor
very diversified, but farther north it is more robust and richer in species,
forming an impediment not easy to surmount. As a rule, the thickets are
everywhere exceedingly dense.
A very remarkable and important feature of the vegetation is the domi-
nant part played by the mosses and especially by the Hepatce. Whether
wooded or not, the ground is everywhere entirely covered with mosses.
Every decaying tree is soon lined with these plants and the living trees
are more or less taken possession of by the same invaders. Some of
' Dusén, P. Ueber die Vegetation der Feuerlandischen Inselgruppe: Engler’s Botanische
Jahrbicher, Bd. XIV, Heft 2, 1897.
Dusén, P. Die Gefasspflanzen der Magellanslander nebst einem Beitrage zur Flora der
Ostkiste von Patagonien: Svenska Exped. till Magellanslanderna ; Bd. III, No. 5, p. 95.
4 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
these species have a very striking capacity for forming hillocks, the ground
between the trees being studded with elevations, which occasionally reach
the height of a man. As characteristic of this district should also be men-
tioned the S#c/acee among the lichens and the Hymenophyllacee among -
the ferns. :
In the northern and southern sections of this region the vegetation of
the forest and thickets naturally prevents any great variety of composition.
In the southern parts of western Patagonia the vegetation does not differ,
on the whole, from that of the westernmost parts of the Magellan terri-
tory. In the northern section, for instance, in the Guaitecas Islands,
which are the outposts to the north of the Patagonian archipelago, it is
closely analogous to that of southern Chili. On the other hand, the
cryptogamic vegetation is far from showing the same variety of composi-
tion and appearance in the different parts of this district. In the whole of
this area it is nearly the same, and even in the Guaitecas Islands, taken all
round, it has the same complexion as in the most westerly parts of the
Magellan territory, although, of course, some species which occur in the
one section are not found in the other.
There is no doubt, however, that the evergreen forests, especially with
regard to their undergrowth, show dissimilarities enough in their different
parts to justify their division into sub-sections. How such a division
should be made, future explorers may decide; here I wish only to present
some facts that, to me, appear to point in that direction.
In the northern parts of our district the undergrowth is, to a small
extent, made up of some species of Chusquea, tall, robust grasses, some-
what resembling the species of Bambusa. The species found in the northern
archipelago is characterized by its climbing propensity and it not infre-
quently reaches the upper parts of the trees. But it is not so common
that it can be considered a very conspicuous feature of the vegetation.
Whether a subdivision of the archipelago ought to be made on the basis
of the occurrence of this species in one district and its absence from
another, I leave an open question. According to my knowledge of the
vegetation of the archipelago, such a subdivision is hardly necessary
and I shall therefore include in a single total all the islands and the
coast district of western Patagonia from the Straits of Magellan north-
ward to the Ofqui-ness (about 46° 45’ S. lat.) and the coast still farther
to the north. |
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 5
A species of Chusquea, different from the insular species and probably
C. gutda Kunth,’ occurs in the northernmost part of the mainland of west -
Patagonia, reaching, according to Dr. Steffen,’ its southern limit at the
Ofqui-ness. Whether this species actually occurs in the littoral districts,
I do not know, but very much doubt its occurrence there. On the other
hand, it is met with in enormous masses in the transverse valleys of the
Cordillera, where it constitutes the great bulk of the undergrowth and is
the chief obstruction to the traveller. This occurrence in masses is suffi-
cient reason for setting apart these valleys as a separate section of the
community of evergreen beeches, but there are other reasons also. One is
that the forests here are thin or open, which makes them look like parks,
and to this may be added that the ground lacks that very dense covering
of mosses which, in the archipelago and littoral, is such an extremely
characteristic feature of the vegetation. From the most representative
plant of these transverse valleys this subsection of the evergreen beech
forests may be termed the Quwz/a formation.
Lastly and before proceeding to give an account of the different species
that are to be found in these forests, I wish to point out their great like-
ness to the forests of the Tropics, especially in the north of Patagonia and,
above all, in the Quz/a formation. These forests are mixed ones, their trees
being evergreen with coriaceous leaves; but their undergrowth of bam-
boo-like grasses, the occurrence of epiphytic phanerogams, the number of
ferns, especially of ymenophyllacez, and mosses of the genera Pelotrz-
chella and Cyathophorum, frequently in luxuriant festoons hanging from
the branches, give to the forests an appearance very similar to the pri-
meval forests of the tropical regions.
1, THE VEGETATION OF THE SOUTHERN SECTION OF
WESTERN PATAGONIA.
Although, as I have already mentioned, I include together all the
islands of the archipelago and the coast of the mainland, in one whole,
‘It is stated (Cf. Frombling : Ueber botanische Excursionen wahrend eines dreijahrigen Aufen-
thalt in Chile: Botan. Centralblatt, Jahrg. XVI) that the Chusguea grasses flower but once in
three or four years, and, strange to say, all the individuals in a large district are in flower at the
same time. Of the species found by me in western Patagonia not one was in bloom and trust-
worthy identification was therefore impossible.
* Steffen, H. Reisen in den Patagonischen Anden: Verhandl. d. Ges. fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin,
1900, No. 4, p. 220.
6 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
which can scarcely be subdivided, or at least, not at present, nor until the
entire district shall have been carefully explored, I find it necessary, in my
account of its vegetation, to treat its northern and southern parts sepa-
rately. My only reason for this is the unequal number of species in the
outlying sections north and south. I shall begin with the vegetation of
the southern section, by which I mean the territory between the Straits of
Magellan and Molyneux Sound.
The forests here are almost entirely composed of two species of trees,
Nothofagus betulordes (Mirb.) Blume, and Drimys wintert Forst. The
only conifer to be found here, Lebocedrus tetragona (Hook.) Endl., can
hardly be considered forest-forming. It generally grows in small, thin
groves, or sparsely intermingled with /Vothofagus and Drimys, as a rule,
on very boggy ground. The shrub-vegetation of these forests is neither
rich in species, nor very luxuriant in habit of growth, the reason of which
may, I think, be found in the prevailing climatic conditions, the deficiency
of light, on account of frequent fogs and a generally clouded sky, and the
dark green foliage of the trees, which admits very little sunlight. There
is but one species which in the twilight of these forests, and only here, at-
tains its full development and vigor, Ledefanthus myrsinttes (Lam.) Endl.,
a small, half-climbing shrub, which often entirely covers the lower parts of
the tree-trunks. Other shrubs are Desfontainea spinosa, Ruiz et Pav.,
Berberis thcifoha Linn. fil., and Pernettya mucronata (Linn. fil.) Gaud.
Of other phanerogamic plants, there are scarcely any, at least where the
trees stand close together, except Calixene marginata Lam. On the
other hand, the vegetation of epiphytic ferns is all the richer, both in indi-
viduals and species. On the trunks of the trees, as well as interwoven
with the mosses covering the ground and the decaying logs, grow AYymen-
ophylum tortuosum Banks et Sol., HZ. pectnatum Cav., and 1. dicho-
tomum Cav., not unfrequently all together. More sparingly occur “ymen-
ophyllum ceruginosum Cav. and Polypodium australe (R. Br.), besides
which the ground presents to our notice two other ferns, Asplenium
magellanicum Kaulf. and Gleschenta quadripartita (Lam.) Hook., the lat-
ter growing in clusters.
Of lichens the denser forests have not many to offer, as these plants do
not seem to thrive well in the dim light here prevailing. The only species
met with are Svcfa caulescens De Not. and S. filzcitna Ach. (ex. p.). The
mosses, especially the Hepatice, on the other hand, occur in great num-
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 7
bers, carpeting the ground and covering the fallen trees with a coating of
pure green. MHere thrive species of Schzstochila, such as the pretty S.
lamelhstipula Steph. and S. damellata Hook., many Lophocolee (but only
one in large numbers, namely, the splendid Lofhocolea gottschecowdes
Mass.), Zy4imanthus brecknockiensts (Mass.) Steph., numerous species of
Plagiochila, for instance, P. /ongissema Steph., P. elata Tayl., P. dun-
caults Hook. et Tayl., P. dura De Not., P. obcuneata Steph., and P. pata-
gonica Besch. et Mass. Epiphytic on other mosses and on //ymenophyl-
lacee are Chiloscyphus striatellus Mass., Balantiopsts chilensts Steph.,
Mastigobryum lechlert Steph. and M. peruvianum Nees, Aneura crispa
Schffn. and 4. prehensilis (Tayl.) Mitt., duthoceros endivefolius Mont.,
besides many others of less importance. The A/uscz, as I have previously
stated, are sparingly represented and chiefly by species of Prerygophyllum,
Mniadelphus, Eviopus and Hypopiterygium. Dicranum, Campylopus, Ulota
and other genera, elsewhere rich in species, have only a few representa-
tives in the denser and darker forests.
Far richer in species is the flora of the less thickly wooded ground, with
its better light. With the exception of Lebefanthus myrsintites (Lam.)
Endl., the same phanerogamic plants are found here as.in the denser
forest. With these are associated Phelesta buxifolia Lam., Chilotrichium
adifusum Forst., Myrteola nummutlarta (Poir.) Berg., Ampetrum rubrum
Vahl., Escallonia serrata Sm., Acena pumila Vahl., Pinguicula antarcthica
Vahl., Senecto smithit DC., Perezia magellanica (Linn. fil.), Lag., Lageno-
Lhora nudicauhs Comm., Phylachne uliginosa Forst., Senecio trifurcatus
Less., Zapemia magellanica (Lam.) Juss., Marstpospermum grandifiorum
(Linn. fil.) Hook., Carex microglochin L., subsp. fuegina Kiikenth., Fes-
tuca commersoni Franch., Deschampsia kingw (Hook. fil.) Desv., and
Blechnum magellanicum (Desv.) Mett., besides the gregarious species,
Donatia fascicularis Forst., Asteha pumila (Forst.) R. Br., Gazmardia
australis Gaud., and Oveobolus obtusangulus Gaud., each of them forming
large and thick clusters and often accompanied by 7etvonczum magellant-
cum Willd., Drosera uniflora Willd., and two species of Caltha, C. dionea-
Jolta Hook., and C. appendiculata Pers., the former especially growing in
compact groups.
It should be explained that by far the largest part of the ground in the
thinly wooded section is occupied by mosses, which give it a yellowish
brown tint, not only in the wooded places, but also in the treeless areas
8 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
higher up the mountain slope. The J/uscz are comparatively numerous
and appear in masses here and there, particularly species of Decranum,
such as J. zmponens Hook. fil. et Wils., D. australe Besch., and D.
billardiert Schwaegr. The same applies to Campylopus flavo-nigritus sp.
nov., and Rhacomitrum lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., to which should be
added, for the higher and treeless areas, Dicranum harioti Besch., Rhaco-
carpus humboldti (Spreng.) Lindb. and RX. patagonicus Broth. n. sp., be-
sides many species of the genus dudreea. The Hepatic, however, pre-
dominate here also, and the following should be singled out because of
their great abundance and because of their congregating into large mats:
Diplophyllum denstfolium Hook., Lepicolea ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce,
Schisma chilensis De Not., Lsotachts madida Tayl., and Adelanthus
unciformts (Hook. et Tayl.) Mitt., besides which I should not omit to
mention Lefzdolena magellanica Lam., Chiloscyphus horizontals (Hook.)
Nees, Schestochila gayana Gottsche and S. fachyla Tayl., each of these
now growing in distinct tufts, or again intermingled with other mosses
and conspicuous for their size or beauty, or for other reasons.
As already mentioned, the shore-thickets are very dense, being made
up of some shrubs that thrive best here and scarcely occur outside of the
littoral proper. The following are found closely intermingled with one
another: Lscallonta serrata Sm., Tepuaha stipularis Gris., Veronica ellip-
tica Forst., Maytenus magelanica (Lam.) Hook. fil., Desfontainea spinosa
Ruiz et Pav., Fuchsia coccinea Ait., Pernettya mucronata (Linn. fil.) Gaud.,
Pseudopanax letevirens Gay., and Philesia buxifola Lam. These thick-
ets are also the chief resort of the lichens of this district, which here ap-
pear comparatively rich both in variety of species and profusion of indi- °
viduals, not only on the twigs of the bushes, but also on the ground.
The following are the most important: Pseudocyphellaria hirsuta (Mant.)
Malme, P. fossulata (Duf.) Malme, P. orymcea (Ach.) Malme, P. oxymea,
subsp. flavicans (Hook. et Tayl.) Malme, P. /veycznetiz (Del.) Malme,
var. zsedioloma (Nyl.) and Wephroma cellulosum Ach. Nearly always on
the outside of the thickets are found the phanerogamous Cofula scariosa
(Cass.) Franch., 4pm graveolens L. and, sparingly, Gunuera magel-
lanica Lam. and G. lobata Hook. fil. Lastly, I may add that the twigs
of the bushes are also often taken possession of by mosses, particularly by
species of Ulota aud Macromitrium, such as Ulota fulvella Mitt. and
Macromitrium tenax C. Mill. The vegetation of the rocks by the shore
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 9
is made up of Crassula moschata Forst. and of mosses belonging to the
genera [/ypnum, Campylopus, Dicranum and Bryum, besides a few crust
lichens.
Of the flora of the fell district proper I have no personal knowledge,
but am strongly inclined to believe that it does not differ materially from
that of the corresponding stations of the westernmost parts of the Straits
of Magellan. I think, therefore, that I should here give some of my own
observations in Desolation Island, as, on the whole, they may convey an
adequate idea of the flora of our upland district.
The forest-line is at the height of about 400 meters and the majority of
the species belonging to the coast district extend to the same altitude; a
few, such as Crassula moschata and Cotula scariosa, being restricted to
the littoral, while others are met with even far above the forest-line. On or
about that line is found /Vothofagus betuloides (Forst.) Blume, a decid-
uous beech, appearing here as a shrub or low tree, while in Tierra del
Fuego and western Patagonia, in the moderately rainy parts of which it
flourishes best, it becomes a tree of considerable size. The same species
occurs also on the uplands, extending up to a height of 600 meters, at
least, and the higher it goes, the more stunted it is; at the upper limit of
its range it is merely a small shrub, the branches of which creep along
among the mosses of the ground, thus growing in the same way as the
Salices and dwarf birch of the Arctic regions. There are, I dare say, few
trees that vary to the same degree, from a mighty tree to an insignificant
little creeper trailing along the ground. But still more in regard to its
distribution this species is of very great interest. As I have already
stated, it attains its full development on the eastern slope of the Cordillera.
Here it descends to the lowlands at the foot of the mountains, reaching
- the coast about the middle of the Straits of Magellan, and it is also found
in the coast district and lowlands of Fuegia. Farther west, along the
Straits, it shuns the coast, and this is all the more marked as one ap-
proaches the westernmost and rainiest parts of our district. The lower
limit moves continually higher and on the west coast it does not occur at
all, even in the region of the evergreen beeches. That it should be alto-
gether wanting in the coast section is very strange and seems difficult to
explain, at least at first sight.
The occurrence of (Vothofagus antarctica in the upland district is the
most interesting feature of the flora. Here also the mosses predominate,
10 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
especially the Hepatic, which still appear in considerable masses. Phan-
erogamic plants, on the other hand, are few and far between. I have
already mentioned that some of the coast species ascend to the fells, such
as Lagenophora nudicaulis (Comm.), Perezta magellanica (Linn. fil.) Lag.,
Senecio bifurcatus Less., and S. acanthifohus Hombr. et Jacq., Marszfo-
spermum grvrandifiorum (Linn. fil.) Hook., Caltha dtoneefolia Hook., and
Phyllachne uliginosa Forst., the last two named of these extending nearly
as high as the snow-line. Species found only on the fells are: Vzola
tridentata Menz., Geum magellanicum Comm., Acena antarctica Hook.
fil., Ourista breviflora Benth. and O. nana Benth., Saxifraga bicuspidata
Hook. fil. and S. aléoffiana Kurtz., Luzula antarctca Hook. fil., Uncenia
kingit Booth., and S#fa rariflora (Hook. fil.) Benth.
Of the numerous //efatice I must not omit to mention Axuastrophyl-
lum tnvolutifolum (Mont.), /sotachis anceps Mass., famesoniella grandt-
flora L.et A., Diplophyllum clandestinum Wook., Lepicolea quadrilaciniata
Sull.; species of Lophocolea, Letoscyphus abnormis Mass., L. surrepens
Tayl., and L. turgescens Tayl., Lepidolena hariotiana Mass., Marsupella
kerguelensts Schftn., Schestochila splachnophylla Vayl., and S. fachyla Tayl.,
S. planifola Steph. and S. gayana Gottsche. Musci are comparatively
scarce and many of them belong to genera which are represented also in the
Arctic and Subarctic zones of the northern hemisphere, such as Audreea,
Conostomum, Psilopilum, Blindia, Rhacomitrium and Dichodontium.
2. THE VEGETATION OF THE NORTHERNMOST PaRTS OF WESTERN
PATAGONIA.
Many of the phanerogamic plants enumerated above as belonging to '
the southern section of our district are spread over the whole of western
Patagonia, including the Guaitecas Islands, of whose plants I shall now
give an account. But the flora of those islands—I here refer to the
phanerogamic vegetation only —is chiefly composed of elements that are
wanting in the south, this difference of species being the only one that
can be shown to exist between the outlying parts of our district north and
south, as biologically and physiologically, hardly any can be discerned.
Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume, so common and characteristic of
the southern portion of western Patagonia, is almost entirely missing in
these islands. Here it is replaced by two other species of evergreen
beeches, Vothofagus dombeyt (Mirb.) Blume and JV. uzfda (Phil.), both of
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. eel
which are the dominant trees of this locality. Like Vothofagus betuloides
they have small, thick and coriaceous leaves. On the other hand, Drimys
wintert Forst. is as common here as farther south, and Lzbocedrus tetva-
gona Endl. appears to thrive even better than in the district of the Straits
of Magellan. Although full-grown specimens of this tree are now hardly
to be found in the Guaitecas Islands, because every full-sized trunk has
been cut down, on account of its excellent wood, there is hardly any doubt
that this species grows here in larger, closer and more immingled groves
than in the southern section.
To the above-mentioned species I should add not a few others, which
the Guaitecas have in common with south Chili and the opposite coast of
western Patagonia. Without exception they are all evergreen; namely,
Laurelia avomatica Spreng., Caldcluvia paniculata Don., Wetnmannia
trichosperma Cav., Lomatia ferruginea R. Br., Edwardsta macnabiana
Grah., Podocarpus nubigena Lindl., species of the genus Lugenza and, of
rarer occurrence, Guevina avellana Mol., and Ambothrium cocctneum Forst.
The undergrowth of the forests and the thickets by the sea-beach likewise
show a greater variety of species than is the case in the southern section.
A very remarkable feature in the vegetation of these islands is the
occurrence of epiphytic phanerogams, which are represented by at least
five species: A/ttvaria coccinea Cav., Asteranthera chiloensis Hanst et K1.,
Luzuriaga vadicans Ruiz et Pav., Sarmtenta repens Ruiz et Pav., and
one species belonging to the Bromehacee, namely a species of Rhodo-
stachys. Of parasitic phanerogams there is at least one, M/yzodendron
punctulatum Banks et Sol.
The vegetation varies, as to its component species, according to the
nature of the ground. Generally, the soil consists of rock with a rather
thick overlying layer of peat, produced by the mosses, which, in large
masses, cover every inch of it. Here beeches and Dvzmys prevail, at the
cost of other trees, while, in places where the lowland is made up of sand,
the case is just the reverse. In other respects also the vegetation of the
sandy places differs from what is the rule elsewhere. For instance, the
grass Chusguea, which, as I have stated, belongs to the flora of northern
Patagonia, is found here, and the ground lacks that close-woven carpeting
of mosses so characteristic of the peat-covered rocks. Naturally, mosses
occur even here, but are comparatively few and belong to species different
from those of the beech forests proper.
12 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
An enumeration of species from different localities may give some idea
of the vegetation of the Guaitecas. I shall begin with such as belong to
the peat-covered, rocky ground, which takes up by far the larger part of
these islands.
As already stated, the two beeches, /Vothofagus dombeyt and LV. nitida,
and Drimys wintert predominate; other trees, such as Lauvela aromatica,
Lomatia ferruginea, Eugenia sp., Podocarpus nubigena and Caldcluvia
paniculata, being either of less importance or very uncommon. Whether
Weinmannia trichosperma, Embothrium coccineum, Edwardsia macna-
biana and Guevina avellana really occur here, I leave an open question.
If so, they are at least extremely rare and of no consequence. Lzdocedrus
tetvragona \ have already mentioned.
As is the case farther south, the light here is often very dim. Judging
from the undergrowth which, in places, is more vigorous than in southern
west Patagonia, it would appear that the trees do not join their crowns
quite so closely together as in the latter section, although it may be that
the wood-cutting, which has been going on in these islands for a long
time, may have something to do with this phenomenon. The following
species make up the undergrowth: Desfontainea spinosa, Philesta buxt-
Jotia, Lebetanthus myrsinites, Pernettya mucronata and P. furens Klotzsch.,
Myrteola nummularia,; also, but more rarely, Zecoma valdiviana Phil.,
Dacostea racemosa Phil., and 7epuatha stipularis. Of epiphytic phanero-
gams occur Luszuriaga radicans and very likely also MZttvaria coccinea and
A steranthera chiloensts. Epiphytic ferns are plentiful, such as AYymeno-
phylum chiloense Hook., H. magellanicum Willd., H. dichotomum Cav.,
HT. bridgestt Hook., H. pectinatum Cav., H. cruentum Cav., H. erugi-
nosum Carm., Trichomanes cespitosum Hook., Asplenium trapezotdes
Hook., and Polypodium australe (R. Br.). Most of these also grow on
the ground, which likewise displays Asplentum magellanicum, Blechnum
magellanicum and Gleichenia quadripariita.
The carpeting of mosses which covers the ground is composed mainly
of Hepatice, but also Bryacee are more plentiful here than in the south ;
the species are the same as we already know from there; of the former,
I should mention Schisma chilensts, Lepicolea ochroleuca, Chiloscyphus
horizontals, Aneura prehensilis, A. fuegiana, A. crispa, Schistochila
veicheana Steph., Plagtochila longissima Steph., P. obcuneata and P. dura
De Not., /sofachis madida, Diplophyllum denstfolium, Lepidozia chordu-
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 13
lifera, Mastigobryum nove-zelandie Mitt., Lophocolea humilis and L.
trachyopa Tayl. Among the Musci the foremost place is occupied by
species of the genus Decvanum, of which D. b¢Mardtert, D. australe and,
generally, D. zmponens, sometimes also D. nigricaule Aongstr. appear in
great numbers. //ypopierygium didictyon and H. thouini, Hypnodendron
krauset (C. Miill.) Jacq., 7amnium arbusculans C. Miill., Pterygophyllum
obscurum Mont., Ptychomnium cygnisetum, Rhizogonium mntoides, Bren-
tela dumosa Mitt., and Pogonatum dendrotdes Brid. are likewise worthy
of notice.
On decaying trunks the Hlefatice are represented by Lophocolea, Lept-
dozia, Famesoniella, Aneura, Schtstochila, [sotachis, and other genera,
their commonest species being Lophocolea anomada (Mont.), L. attenuata
Steph., LZ. trachyopa and L. textilis Tayl., Famesoniella colorata, Aneura
conimutra Steph., Schzstochila reicheana, Isotachts quadriloba Steph.,
Lepidozia cucullifola Steph. and L. plumulosa. Among the Musci the
genus Dicranum again takes the leading place, with the same species as
are predominant on the ground. As they are quite common, Rhaphido-
stegium callidum (Mont.) and Stereodon lechlert Mitt., which grow in.large
tufts, should not be omitted.
The moss-flora of the standing trunks is quite rich, comprising, of the
Flepatice, species of Lophocolea and Plagiochila, such as Lophocolea
humilis, L. fulvella (Tayl.), L. cucullistipula Steph., L. ottphylla and L.
homomatla Steph., Plagtochila bispinosa Ldbg., P. flexicaulés Mont., and P.
dura De Not.; further adotheca subsquamosa N. et M., Radula intempes-
fiva Gottsche, rullania stipatiloba Steph., and F. lobulata Hook., Tricho-
colea verticillata Steph., and others. Worthy ‘of mention among the Musci
are, Hypoplerygium flexisetum Uampe, Pélotrichella krauset Lor. and P.
cumingit (C. Miill.) Lor. :
In lichens also these forests are poor. Strictly speaking, there are only
two species that one is sure to meet with, SAk@rophoron tener Laur., and
S. compressus Ach. One or two species of Sz#cta and Pseudocyphellaria
do occur, but they are rare.
The thickets by the sea-shore are well developed and quite dense, which,
I think, may be set down to the favorable light, which prevails outside the
forest. They are chiefly made up of the following species: 7efuaha
stipularis, Pseudopanax letevirens, Desfontainea spinosa, Pernettya mu-
cronata, Fuchsia magellanica Lam., Philesia buxifolia and Myrtus ugnt
I4 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY
Molina. Less important are Augenia sp., Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus
Miers, 7ecoma valdiviana, Dacostea rvuscifola Clos. and D. racemosa,
Pernettya furens and Berberis darwintt Hook. Eugenia sp. occasionally
occurs in dense copses and then generally together with Blechnum magel-
lanicum. Fymenophyllacee also are plentiful in the thickets of the sea-
shore, and to those species that I have mentioned before I may now add
FIymenophyllum caudiculatum Hook.
In the littoral belt the lichens have their proper abode, occurring here
in large masses. They belong almost exclusively to the genus Psezdocy-
phellaria, the following species being the most important: P. fossulata
(Del.) Malme, P. faveolata (Del.) Malme, var. cervicornis (Flot.), P.
orygmea (Ach.) P. urvellec (Del.) Malme, P. orygmea (Ach.) flavicans
(Hook. et Tayl.) Malme, P. uztda (Tayl.) Malme, and P. /vreycenetit
(Del.) Malme. |
On the cliffs by the shore the vegetation is, as a rule, very poor in
species. I should mention as occurring here some phanerogamic plants,
as Cotula scariosa, Crassula moschata, Colobanthus guitensis Barth.,
Funcus planifolius R. Br., var. demissus Buch., and Azra caryophyllea,
L.; of Musci, Macromitrium bifasciculare sp. nov., and Barbula muicro-
vuncinata sp. nov.; and of Lichens, Szeveococaulon vramulosum (Sw.)
Ach., together with its variety zzplexum Th. Fr.
On sandy ground, which occurs only along the small bays, the vege-
tation of the forest is somewhat different; also that of the thickets, and
especially that of the herbaceous plants, is denser here than elsewhere.
At Puerto Low, a cave on the northern side of the main island, Isla
Guaiteca, the vegetation is disposed as follows: Next to the shore is a
low belt, chiefly taken up by Funcacee and Graminee, next comes a belt
of thickets and then the virgin forest. In the outermost belt Des-
champsia kingw (Hook. fil.) Desv., AZymus sp., Poa fuegiana (Hook. fil.)
and Funucus lesueuriz Bol., predominate, more or less richly intermingled
with the following species: Cevasttum arvense L., Lathyrus magellanicus
Lam. and L. maritamus (L.) Big., Senecto ofifes Kze. and S. smithit DC.,
Acena ovalifolia Ruiz et Pav., Gahum relbun Endl., Libertia elegans
Poepp., Souchus fallax Waltr., Polygonum chilense Koch, Rumex sp.,
Cardamine ovata Phil., Solanum furcatum Poir., Apium graveolens L..,
Baccharts sagittalis DC., Lepidium bipinnatifidum Desv., Hydrocotyle sp.
(sterile), Cotula scariosa, Ranunculus chilensis DC., Selhera radicans
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. I5
Pers., Tefragonia expansa Ait., Ambrina ambrosioides Spach., Plantago
lanceolata ., Stachys chonottca Hook. fil., SteMaria cuspidata Willd.,
Uncinia phleoides Pers., Carex sp., presumably C. darwinzz Boott. and
Blechnum chilense (Kaulf.) Mett.
The belt of thickets is chiefly composed of Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus
Miers, a couple of species of Eugenia, Fuchsia magellanica and Escal-
lonia macrantha Hook. et Arn. More sparingly occur Berberts darwinit
and B. microphylla, Ribes magellanicum Poir., Cynoctonum pachyphyllum
Decaisne, Myrtus ugni and Pseudopanax letevirens. Mitraria coccinea is
here rare. Both of the outer belts have a width of only a few meters each.
The most important constituents of the forest are Caldcluvia paniculata,
Laurelia aromatica, Weinmannia trichosperma, Lomatia ferruginea and
Drimys wintert. Though not absent, the two species of beech, Vo‘ho-
Jagus dombeyt and NV. nitida, are not conspicuous here. This forest is
considerably taller and less dense than the beech-forest and consequently
admits more light than the latter. The undergrowth, therefore, at least
in places, is very luxuriant, its most conspicuous element being the C/us-
guea grass already referred to, probably C. valdiviensis Desv., the climbing
propensities of which I have pointed out. In more open and lighter places
it becomes very dense, but elsewhere only sparingly so. Besides these,
the highest plants of the undergrowth are Pseudopanax letevirens, Rhaph-
athamnus cyanocarpus, a couple of Eugenia species, Tepuata stipularis,
Dacostea ruscifolia, Myoschilos oblongus Ruiz et Pav., Philesia buxifola, +
Myrtus ugnt Molina, Tecoma valdiviana and Lebetanthus americanus.
Of epiphytic plants, AZtraria coccinea, Asteranthera chiloensis, Luzuriaga
vadicans and Sarmienta repens are common, the last named not unfre-
quently occurring in masses on sloping tree-trunks. Rsodostachys sp.,
probably R. “tforals Phil., on the other hand, is rare and restricted to
the outskirts of the forest. Besides, the trunks are richly clothed with
Hymenophyllacee and a few other ferns, and with mosses, of which I
should mention Hyfopterygium flexisetum, Pilotrichella krauset and P.
cumingit, Metzgeria glaberrima Steph., Plagiochila uncialts, and P. lechlert,
Madotheca subsquarrosa N. et M. and Frullania chilensis Steph.
A lower order of the undergrowth is composed of a few scattered herbs,
such as Osmorhiza berterit DC., Nertera depressa Banks, Uncinia phle-
oides and U. evinacea Pers., and Blechnum chilense. The moss carpeting
is comparatively scanty and Hefatice are scarce, their most important
16 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
representatives being Rzgodium toxarion (Schwaegr.) Schimp., yfnoden-
dron krauset, Thamuium arbusculans and Monoclea forsteri (Hook.).
From what has just been said, it will appear that the forest vegetation
of the Guaitecas Islands is very different from that of the southern sections
of our district, being in fact distinctly allied to that of Chiloé and southern
Chili. Certain portions of the Guaitecas, however, have a vegetation, in
which the southern Patagonian and Fuegian elements prevail, while the
south Chilian forms are altogether wanting, or very poorly represented.
Such is the case with the vegetation of the peat-bogs and also of the
higher and treeless portions of the islands.
Peat Bogs.
In western Patagonia peat-bogs are rather uncommon and in our terri-
tory I know of such only in the Guaitecas. These bogs have exactly the
Same appearance as those of the north of Europe. The great bulk of
their vegetation consists of SAxagnacee, belonging to the same species as
those of the bogs of southern Sweden. The phanerogamic bog-vegeta-
tion of two districts so widely distant from each other, so far as their sev-
eral species are concerned, has very little in common, but, in some cases,
quite evidently shows a morphological correspondence.
The bed of SAkagnum is not altogether continuous, but is broken in
spots by solid patches of phanerogamic plants; namely, Donata fascicu-
laris, Astelia pumila, Gaamardia australis, and Oreobolus obtusangulus, all
of which I have already stated to belong to the southern sections of our
district and which also enter into the Fuegian flora. Even Musci, such as
Dicranum australe, and D. billardiert, Campylopus flavo-nigritus, sp. Nov.,
and Rhacomitrium lanuginosum, occasionally break the continuity of the
masses of SAhagnum. Species of Hepattce occur along with them, as
Schisma chilensis, Lepicolea ochroleuca, Diplophyllum densifolium and
Lepidozia saddlensis, but their assistance in producing the peat is very
limited. A couple of lichens, Cladonia fycnoclada (Pers.) and a species
of Pseudocyphellaria \ikewise belong to the bog-vegetation.
Besides the phanerogamic plants above enumerated, several others
should also be mentioned. Schanodon chilensis Gay. occasionally occurs
in groups, but, on the other hand, I did not see Sczrpus riparius Presl.,
though it may have grown here once. I noticed it, together with Scha-
nodon, growing in profusion by a lagoon, by the shore of which SAxagna-
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 17 .
cee were evidently advancing. The production of peat was in full swing
here, and part of the lagoon was already invaded by peat-producing
plants. Both the species named seemed to be of importance in the first
stage of peat production and to play the same part here as Phragmites
does in the formation of the Scandinavian bogs. On the mounds of
Sphagnum, Empetrum rubrum Vahl. is abundant, generally together with
the species of Pseudocyphellaria named above. Low shrubs of 7epuata
stipularis, Pernettya mucronata, Philesia buxtfolia and Baccharis sp. occur
sparingly on these mounds, sometimes also Blechnum pinna-marina.
Libocedrus tetragona and dwarfed specimens of /Vothofagus betuloides are
far from common; the latter should, in all probability, be regarded as on
the point of extinction.
Drosera uniflora and Pinguicula antarctica are met with on the sward-
like beds of Gatmardia, as well as on those of SAkagnum. In places,
Tetronctum magellanicum and Schizea australis Gaud. form small groups,
and Myrteola nummularia is common. Carex mucroglochin WNahl. var.
Juegina Kikenth. and magelanica Lam., Carpha schanoides Banks et
Sol. and Deschampsia kingit are rather scarce. Of the phanerogamic
plants enumerated as peculiar to the peat-bogs, only one, Schenodon
chilensts, and also the fern Schzzea australis, are absent from west Pata-
gonia and Fuegia, although the latter may be found there, as it is known
from the Falkland Islands.
From a morphological point of view the phanerogamic flora of the peat-
bogs of the Guaitecas shows many similarities with that of the Scan-
dinavian bogs. For instance, Ampetrum rubrum exactly resembles in
habit Amfetrum nigrum L., and Carex magellanica is common to both
districts. Zetronctum magelanicum has its morphological counterpart
northwards in MVarthecium ossifragum Huds., and Adyrteola nummularia
in Oxycoccus palustris Pers. But in many cases, naturally, such a cor-
- respondence does not exist. Thus Evophorum vaginatum L., so com-
mon in Scandinavian bogs, has no-morphological counterpart in the Pat-
agonian, just as, vice versa, Donatia, Astelia, Oreobolus and Gaimardia
have none in the Scandinavian peat-bogs.
It now remains for me to give some account of the vegetation of the
higher and treeless portions of these islands. They were once wooded,
partly at least, but their trees have either been cut down or destroyed by
fires. In places the forest is now regaining its lost ground.
18 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
These treeless slopes are covered with a carpet of mosses, as thick and
unbroken as that of the ground in the beech forests just described. On
the whole, the same species occur here as in the beech district, with an
occasional solitary mound of SAzagnum. Thickets are common and con-
sist of almost the same species as those forming the undergrowth in the
beech forests, sometimes associated with that splendid fern, A/sophila
pruinata, in considerable quantities. There are also less dense thickets
made up exclusively or almost exclusively of Lefedothamunus foncki Phil.,
a very remarkable shrub belonging to the Conzfere and scarcely reaching
the height of one meter.
The vegetation of these slopes, in many respects, naturally reminds one
of the undergrowth in the typical virgin forests, but, at the same time, it
has some features in common with the flora of the peat-bogs. For ex-
ample, Drosera uniflora, Pinguicula antarctica, Asteha pumila, Gaimardia
australis, Oreobolus obtusangulus, Myrteola nummularia, Blechnum pinna-
marina and Schizea australis are met with in places, all of these belong-
ing to the bog vegetation.
Certain spaces on these slopes are in the course of transformation into
tree-bearing ground, Lzbocedrus tetragona taking possession almost exclu-
sively. The beeches are probably far behind-hand, and may be at a dis-
advantage because their nuts are less adapted for transportation. At the
time of my exploration of the Guaitecas Islands the groves of Lzbocedrus
were about man-high. Judging from their quite considerable density and
extension, it will appear that this species of conifer is of far greater impor-
tance here than in the southern section.
3. THE VEGETATION OF THE Rio AYSEN VALLEY.
1. The Community of Evergreen Beeches.
At about 45° 23 30° S. Lat. the Rio Aysen reaches the Pacific, hav-
ing cut its way through the whole of the west Patagonian Cordillera. In
the district around its mouth in the Firth of Aysen, which penetrates far
into the mountain chain, the rainfall is evidently very much less than in
the coast district and the islands. This is manifestly proved by the vege-
tation, as that compact carpeting of mosses, which is such a characteristic
feature of the outer coast district, is entirely wanting here, which cannot
otherwise be accounted for than by reason of the rainfall’s being less in
the Aysen valley than on the coast proper.
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 19
Although the plant growth of the lower and middle parts of the Aysen
valley differs in some other respects also, besides the one just named,
from that of the coast district, it must be regarded in a general way as
belonging to the community of evergreen beeches. However, as I have
pointed out, we are quite justified in setting apart the vegetation of this
valley, and of others within the northern section of west Patagonia, as a
separate section of the community of evergreen beeches. This part may
appropriately be called the Quz/a formation. Even this is not uniform
throughout and might therefore be further subdivided, the vegetation of
the river-banks and islands, for instance, being very different from that of
other parts of the valley. But such a subdivision of the vegetation of the
Aysen valley into smaller sections I shall not now attempt, since it is not
necessary for my present purpose.
A short journey up the river is sufficient to show how different its
vegetation is from that of the coast district. It exhibits forms which
could hardly be expected to occur here, and which agree better with the
flora of a tropical country than with that of temperate regions. In par-
ticular, it contains two species, Gunnera chilensts Lam., and Chusquea
guila Kunth, that remind one of the luxuriance and magnificence of the
‘tropical floras, the former growing here and there in groups on the river
bank, and extending as far up the river as the evergreen beeches. The
flower stalks of the first of these plants, which resembles a species of
Rheum, are more than man-high, the diameter of its rounded, lobed
leaves frequently exceeding two meters. The Chusguea plays a dominant
part in making up the undergrowth, and fills, almost uninterruptedly, the
spaces between the trees of the park-like forest, forcing its way to the
‘ river banks in compact masses. It is a grass four to five meters high,
with stalks standing close together, three to four centimeters thick and as
hard as bamboo, forming a great impediment to the traveller’s progress
and, except in rare cases, necessitating the use of the axe. - Of the density
of the undergrowth the following will give a good idea. Our expedi-
tion’ occupied seven weeks in going from the mouth of the Rio Aysen to
1The members of this expedition —which was sent out by the Chilian government for the
delimitation of the frontier between Chili and Argentina, and the main object of which was to
ascertain the interoceanic water-shed of the district around the sources of the Rio Aysen — were,
in addition to myself, Dr. Hans Steffen, leader; Mr. De Fischer, Danish cartographer, and
Messrs. Horn and von Bronsart Schellendorf, German officers. Besides, twenty-five Indians, of
more or less pure breed, were employed as porters and pioneers.
20 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
the first steppes of the eastern slope of the Cordillera; of that time, about
one week was lost through rain, the boat-journey up the river lasted three
weeks, and it required just the same time to cut our way through the
remaining twenty-five kilometers of forest. The journey back to the coast
was done in five days, but could easily have been completed in less time.
Of the species of trees which characterize the forests of the lower and
middle Aysen valley, Vothofagus dombeyi is decidedly the most impor-
tant. JV. uzfda is of no great account here and is hardly to be found
outside the district around the mouth of the river. Other trees occurring
here are Lomata ferruginea, Laurelia aromatica, Eugenia sp., Caldcluvia
paniculata, Drimys wintert, Embothrium coccineum, Podocarpus nubigena,
Saxegothea conspicua Lindl., Wetnmannia trichosperma and Edwardsia
macnabiana, the last of which appears to be restricted to the river banks.
Rarely, and only on the islands and at the river side, occur Vothofagus
antarctica and NV. fumlo. Both, certainly, are only occasional guests
here, their seeds doubtless having been carried down from the upper
valley, where the deciduous beeches are at home. They are the only
deciduous trees of that section of the Aysen valley, the flora of which we
are considering.
The trees do not stand very close together and the light falling on the
ground should presumably be sufficient for a comparatively rich under-
growth, were it not kept down by the Chusguea grasses. Where these
grow most densely—which is especially the case on alluvial soil—almost
all trace of other vegetation is wanting, the ground beneath its covering
of fallen and faded Chusguea leaves and between their stalks being quite
bare. In places where the ground is quite stony and where smaller
streams rush or trickle down to the river, the Chusguea grass, as a rule,
grows less closely and an undergrowth of bushes and herbs is to be
found, though but poorly developed. On the other hand, the mosses in
such places are often rich or even luxuriant. From time to time a falling
tree kills some of the mighty C/uwsguea mounds and the clearings thus
made are soon, though probably for only a short time, taken possession
of by an undergrowth of shrubs, which is sometimes rather dense. The
species composing it are the following: Zecoma valdiviana, Cynoctomum
pachyphyllum Dene, Dacostea ruscifola Clos, Azara lanceolata Hook. fil.,
Daphne pillopillo Gay., Philesia buxifolia and Senecio cymosus Remy, the
three last named of which were found only once. The herbaceous vege-
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 21
tation is likewise not rich in species, consisting only of Wertera depressa,
Urtiica magellanica Poir., Pilea eliptica Hook. fil., Uncinia phleoides, Rubus
geoides Sm., and Osmorhiza berterit. Of ferns I should mention Phegop-
teris spectabilis Fée, Asfidium orbiculatum Desv. and A. multifidum Mett.,
Blechnum pinna-marina and B. chilense and Alsophila pruinata, all of
them rare.
The vegetation of epiphytic phanerogams includes three species, A/#-
varia coccinea, Asteranthera chiloensis and Luzuriaga vadicans, all very
common. Of parasitic plants I noticed only Myzodendron punctulatum
and MW. oblongifolium DC. Particularly interesting is the occurrence of
lianas in these forests, although they have only one representative here,
Hydrangea scandens Poepp., the most powerful liana of Chili and western
Patagonia. It is one of the most ornamental plants of the landscape and
where, as is often the case, it covers the broken trunks in profusion, it
offers an attractive sight with its rich display of clusters of white flowers.
Only on the islands and river banks isa more luxuriant vegetation to be
found. Fuchsia magelanica, Escallonia macrostemma, Aristoteha magni
L’Her. and 7efuaha stipularis here grow in dense, almost impenetrable
thickets. The vegetation of herbs is rich in species, owing to a steady
migration of plants from the upper courses of the river. The seeds are
carried along by the current and deposited on the banks and islands, but
these immigrant plants would soon be eliminated from the strand flora by
the annual overflowing of the river and the deposition of its sediments,
if there were not a constant supply of fresh individuals always coming
down. In a similar way have been added a few representatives of the
Alpine flora of the mountains surrounding the valley. In the following
list of the most important elements of the flora of the river banks and
islands those species which have migrated from the district of the deciduous
beeches are marked thus * and those from the Alpine flora thus **.
Pernettya mucronata Gaud. Ribes sp. (probably R. magellanicum Poit.).
Jurens Klotzsch. * * Senecio trifurcatus Less.
Baccharis palene Phil. s danyausit Hombr. et Jacq.
* Colletia spinosa Lam. ba argenteus Kze.
* Discaria discolor (Hook.). sa dusenit O. Hoffm. sp. nov.
Tepuatha stipularis Gris. otites Kze.
Aristotelia magni L’ Her. Guaphalium pratense Phil.
Pseudopanax letevirens (Gay.). * Mutisia retusa Remy.
Maytenus magellanica (Lam.) Hook. * Nassauvia dusenti O. Hoffm. sp. nov.
22 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
* Solidago chilensis Meyen.
* * Lagenophora nudicaulis (Comm.).
* * Perezia magellanica (Linn. fil.) Lag.
* Madia sativa Mol.
* Heterothalamus nivalis (Schultz Bip.)
Wedd.
* Haplopappus coronopifolius DC.
Sonchus fallax Wallr.
* Evigeron sordidus Gill.
* Hypocheris arenaria Gaud.
Valeriana lapathifolia Vahl.
virescens Clos.
* Galium aparine L.
* Galium relbun Endl.
* LTimosella aquatica L.
Calceolaria tenella Poepp. et Endl.
* Lathyrus magellanicus Lam.
* Geum magellanicum Comm.
* Fragaria chilensis Ehrh.
* Acena adscendens Vahl.
Ha pinnatifida Ruiz et Pav.
* splendens Hook. et Arn.
ovalifolia Ruiz et Pav.
As levigata Ait.
Crassula paludosa (Schitd.).
Cardamine ovata Phil.
* Anemone multifida Poir.
Ranunculus chilensis DC.
peduncularis Sm.
obtusatus Poepp.
Stellaria cuspidata Willd.
* Arenaria serpylloides Naud. andicola Gill.
* Rumex decumbens Dusén.
Libertia elegans Poepp.
Codonorchis lessonit (@ Urv.) Lindl.
* Urtica magellanica Poir.
* Cerastium arvense L.
* * Marsipospermum grandifiorum (Linn. fil.)
Hook.
Juncus stipulatus Nees et Meyen.
lesueurtt Bol.
procerus Meyer.
bufonius L.
* Luzula racemosa Desv.
Heleocharis melanostachys (d’Urv.).
Scirpus cernuus Vahl.
*
* Carex filiformis L. subsp. ematorhyncha
Desv., f. gracilis.
pseudocyperus L. subsp. haenkeana
Presl.
darwini Boott var. robustior Kiikenth.
- decidua Boott.
Fuchsia magellanica Lam.
Berberis darwini Hook.
a microphylla Forst.
* empetrifolia Lam.
* Escallomia rubra Pers.
stricta Remy.
macrantha Hook. et Arn.
Raphithamnus cyanocarpus Miers.
Veronica fonki Phil. (in the district around
the mouth of the river).
* Calceolaria darwini Benth.
Veronica peregrina L.
Mimutlus lutens L.
* Phacelia circinata Jacq.
* Collomia gracilis Dougl.
* Pernettya leucocarpa Phil.
* Azorella trifurcata (Gaerth) Hook.
* Mulinum spinosum Pers.
* Osmorhiza berterit DC.
Apium graveolens L.
* Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
Gunnera magellanica Lam.
chilensis Lam.
Epilobium glaucum Hanskn. et Phil.
* CEnothera stricta Ledeb.
Viola maculata Cav.
* Empetrum rubrum Vahl.
* Geranium magellanicum Hook, fil.
* Astragalus brevicaulis Dusén.
* Adesmuia (Patagonium) boroniotdes Hook. fil.
“ retusa Gris.
Vicia patagonica Hook. fil.
daropskyana Phil.
* Alopecurus alpinus Sm.
* Phleum alpinum L.
* Agrostis montevidensis Spr. var. submutica
Doell.
* Calamagrostis stricta Beauv.
* Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
kingit (Hook. fil.) Desv.
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 23
Deschampsia aciphylla (Franch.) Speg.
* Trisetum subspicatum Beauv. var. glabri-
Folium Hook.
* Cortaderia pilosa (d’Urv.) Hack.
» araucana Stapf.
* Poa nemoralis L. var. magellanica Hack.
* Poa scaberula Hook. fil.
fuegiana (Hook. fil.) Hack.
Glyceria fluitans R. Br. var. stricta Desv.
* Festuca purpurascens Banks et Sol.
* Bromus catharticus Mol.
* albowianus Kurtz.
* Hordeum comosum Presl.
* secalinum Schreb. var. chilense Desv.
Equisetum bogotense H.B.K.
Mertensia cryptocarpa Fee.
It is true that some of the species here indicated as immigrants, were
not found either in the district of deciduous beeches, or on the steppes,
but as I observed that they grew sparsely and only in the upper
part of the section of the valley now in question, I think there is no
doubt of their migration. Such species are: Senecio dusentt, Nas-
sauvia duseni, Haplopappus coronopifolius, Avenaria serpylloides var.
andicola, Rumex decumbens, Cortaderta avaucana and Poa _ scaberula,
all of which, except the last, presumably have their home in the
western section of the steppe district. Very likely the number of species
carried down by the river is actually greater than I have given in the
above list.
In the Quz/a-formation the mosses do not rank nearly so high as in the
coast district and, on the whole, the moss-flora of the Aysen valley differs
largely from that of the coast, this being true especially of the Musci
proper. So far as the Hefatice are concerned, the disparity is not quite
so marked, not a few species being common to both districts. Neverthe-
less, those species characteristic of the coast are wanting in the valley,
and if one or other of them is occasionally found, it is always sparingly,
so that they never play an important part here. Besides this, Hefatce,
with a few exceptions, occur in comparatively small numbers, Musci taking
the lead both in species and individuals.
Of epiphytic Hesatce the following are of importance: Plagzochila
rufescens Steph., P. béspinosa Ldbg., P. uncials and P. flexicaulis, only
the last named occurring numerously now and then; further Lophocolea
conifolia Steph., L. fulvella, L. gayana, L. humilis, L. trregularis Steph.,
L. cucullistipula Steph. and L. navicularis Steph., of which the last two
are the commonest and have the widest range. Chzloscyphus paraphyl-
linus Steph., 7vichocolea verticillata, Radula plumosa and R. fenera,
Madotheca recurva Tayl. and MW. gracilenta Tayl., these last two being
common and often plentiful; /7ad/anza boveana Mass. and F. lobulata
24 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Hook., besides the epiphyllic Cololejeunea asperrima Steph. and Lz/e-
jeunea patagonica Steph.
Among the epiphytic Musci some are conspicuous by their not uncom-
mon occurrence in large masses, such being Pilotrichella cumingi and the
magnificent Cyathophorum splendidissimum (Mont.) Hpe. et Lor. These
and a few others of the mosses of the Aysen valley belong to genera
which have their proper home in the Tropics. Of some importance also
are Flookeria ancistroides Mont., Veckera chilensts Schpr., Ptychomnium
ptychocarpum (Schwaegr.) Mitt., Cryphea consimils Mont., Rigodium
nano-fasciculatum C. Miill., Decranum capitllifolium Broth. sp. nov., &c-
tropothectum spirifolium sp. nov., Daltonia krauseana C. Miill. and D.
afinis sp. nov., Barbula crispatula C. Mill. and B. flageHaris Schpr.,
Evriopus odontoloma sp. nov., Orthotrichum nigritellum sp. nov., Cla-
domnium gracile (Hpe.) Mitt., Ulota fulvella Mitt. and U. macro-
donta sp. nov., Amphidium cyathicarpum (Mont.) Jaeg., Pentastichella
pentasticha (Mont.) C. Miill., Lefpyrodon wmplexus (Kze.) Par. and L.
lagurus (Hook.) Mitt., Avzodon conostomus Mont. and Rhaphidostegium
polytrichadelphus sp. nov., the last named living on Pogonatum den-
adrvowes. /
On decaying trunks Musci are poorly represented, while Hesatce are
here comparatively rich in species. Of the former Rhaphidostegium cat-
fidum (Mont.) Jaeg. and Acrocladium auriculatum Mitt. are the foremost,
being the only ones which occur ez masse, at least within the forest
proper. On stones by the river and particularly on trunks fallen or
stranded on its banks, provided they are placed below high-water mark,
Dendrocryphea gorveana (Mont.) Par. et Schpr. also occurs in very large
numbers. Scoulerta patagonica (Mitt.) Jaeg., likewise abundant, lives in
the same way, although it prefers the stones; this species, by the way,
being replaced on the stones higher up the river by large masses of Scza-
romium confiuens (C. Mill.) Par.
Of Hepatice living on decaying logs I may name Axeura autoica
Steph. and 4. pulvinata Steph., Lophozea dusenit Steph., Lophocolea
attenuata Steph., L. dacerata Steph., L. leptantha Vayl., L. mecrostipula
Steph. and L. ottphylla, Cephalozta trisetosa Steph., Schistochila reicheana
and S. stvatosa Mont., Lepidozta levifolia Tay. and L. chordulifera De
Not. and Fungermannia pigafettoana Mass., of which only the last occurs
in considerable masses.
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 25
The ground is rich enough in Musci, but Hepatice are scarce. A reg-
ular carpeting of mosses, composed of loosely woven species, is not
uncommonly to be found in places where, for one cause or other, the
Chusquea grasses are receding. The moss vegetation is likewise rich on
the affluents of the main river, especially where they trickle down through
stony and well-shaded ground. Of Hefatce hardly more than two spe-
cies, and only in extremely rare cases, occur in considerable numbers;
namely, Plagiochila latifrons Upe. et Gottsche, and Chzloscyphus striatellus,
the latter also growing epiphytically on Aymenophyllacee and Pogonatum
dendrodes.
In the following list of some of the more important Hfefatice and
Musci I have included some species which grow on rocks and stones,
denoting them with an appended (r) Hepatice: Cryptomitrium tenerum
(Hook.) Aust., Syuphyogyna circinata N. et M. and S. hochstettert N. et
M., Famesoniella colorata, Tyimanthus fendlert Steph. and 7. viridis
Mitt., Plagzochila gayana Gottsche, P. longissima and P. tristes Steph. (r),
Lophocolea campanulata Steph. (r), L. gottscheeoides and L. friseriata
Steph., lobsella dusenit Steph. (r), Lsotachts anceps (r), Schisma dura
Steph. (r), Lepecolea ochroleuca and L. guadrilaciniata (Sull.) (r), Mast-
gophora antarctica Steph. (r), Schestochila spegazziniana (Mass.) (r), and
Balantiopsts chilensts.
Musci. Rigodium toxarion and Thamuium arbusculans, both common
and massed together, Brentela chilensis Lor., occasionally plentiful and
forming mats along brooklets ; Bventela harotiana Besch., B. brachycoma
Besch. and B. sublongata Broth. sp. nov., Rigodium carnosulum sp. nov.
and R. pseudo-thuidium sp. nov., Brachythectum cuspidarioides sp. nov.,
Bartramia magellanica Aongstr. (r), Bartramidula exigua (Sull.) Jaeg.,
Dicranum nigricaule and D. billardiert, Hypopterygium didictyon and F7.
thouinit, Acroschisma wilson Hook. fil. et Wils. (r), Leptotheca spegazzt-
niana C. Mill. (r), Rhacomitrium subnigritum sp. nov. and R. flavopalh-
dum sp. nov., Bryum steffent sp. nov., B. brevigemmatum sp. nov. and B£.
timmiecaulon sp. nov., Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Schpr., Eustichia
longivostris (Brid.) C. Miill. (r), Hypuodendron krauset, [sothecium serpens
sp. nov., Ditvichum conicum (Mont.) Par., Pogonatum dendrordes, Pseudo-
leskea fuegiana Besch., Catagonium politum (Hook. fil. and Wils.) Mitt.,
Ptychomnium cygnisetum, Blindia contecta C. Mill. (r) and B. globularis
sp. nov. (r), Webera cruda (L.) Schwaegr. and W. alticaulis (C. Miill.) Par.,
26 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Barbula robusta (Hook. et Grev.) Brid. (r) and B. flavido-pilosa sp. nov.
(r), Prerygophyllum obscurum (Mont.) Mitt. and Cladomnium crenato-
obtusum sp. nov. (r).
The vegetation of lichens is not rich, save that in the vicinity of the
mouth of the river it reminds one, in some degree, of the abundance of
lichens along the beach of the islands, S#cfacee@, as usual, being well to
the front. The following species are deserving of notice: Stcta longipes
(Mill. Arg.) Malme, S. caulescens and S. damecornis (Sw.) Ach., Pseudo-
cyphellaria faveolata (Del.) Malme, var. cervicornis (Flot.), P. entricata
(Del.), P. waznio, var. thouars Del. and P. physctospora (Nyl.)
Malme. Vephvroma antarcticum, Spherophorus compressus and Stereo-
caulon vamulosum.
Il) THE COMMUNITY OF *DECIDUOUSS@EEr Gres:
About forty-five kilometers above the mouth of the Rio Aysen a com-
plete change takes place in the vegetation, the evergreen beeches and
their accompanying species rapidly disappearing, and a new community
of plants, that of the deciduous beeches, very dissimilar to the preceding,
taking their place. Almost suddenly the twilight of the Chusquea-grass
and dense foliage of the evergreen beeches is succeeded by an open and
bright landscape, where the pioneers may cease their now unnecessary
work and the road is free in almost every direction, without risk of serious
impediment. Here also the ground is covered by a beautiful park-like
forest, although quite differently composed and with quite another under-
growth, as compared with the one previously described. Already attrac-
tive from its rich vegetation, this new district becomes still more so from
the sharp contrast that its community of plants offers to the one which we
have now left behind us.
Nature has endowed this region richly, almost profusely. Its vegeta-
tion is simply luxuriant and in the park-like forest one wades through
grasses and other herbs reaching as high as one’s waist, this luxuriance
being partly explained by a deep layer of rich humus; a virgin soil that
up to the time of our expedition had probably never been trod by human
foot.
The park-like forest is comparatively thin and almost exclusively com-
posed of the deciduous beech, Vothofagus antarctica, which does not
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 27
stand in such dense order of growth as its European cousin, Fagus syl-
vatica L.A solitary specimen of Vothofagus pumilio may be occasionally
encountered.
The light in these forests is stronger than in the beech forests of Europe,
not only by reason of the trees not standing very close together, but also
because, as a rule, one or other of their main branches is withered. Evi-
dently, this cannot be due to fire, nor does it appear to be caused by the
ravages of parasites in excessive numbers, whether species of AZyzodendron
or parasitical fungi; the reason is unknown.
The bright light prevailing in these forests and the fertility of the soil
sufficiently explain their rich undergrowth, so extremely different from
that of the beech forests of northern Europe, which also grow on humus.
The difference may be illustrated by a few comparisons. Among other
features of the beech forests of northern Europe are the following: the
undergrowth is very sparse and poor in species, the ground being nearly
bare of vegetation and strewn with fallen leaves and involucres ; shrubs
are wanting, while spring flowers are common, likewise plants with under-
ground stems, not rarely consisting of a creeping rhizome; the great
majority of plants are perennial; saprophytic plants occur; mosses and
lichens are almost entirely wanting. In nearly all these respects the
beech forests of the upper Aysen valley are different. A vegetation of
shrubs occurs, though it is but poorly developed ; the flora is not particu-
larly rich in species, but the vegetation is dense; the ground is nowhere
bare of plants; of spring flowers there are none, except some species of
Berberis and Rzbes, which should perhaps be counted as such; most spe-
cies flower in summer and the beginning of autumn; bulbous and sapro-
phytic plants are wanting; the number of annual and perennial species is
about the same as in Europe; mosses do not grow on the ground, but
sometimes plentifully on the tree-trunks; the vegetation of lichens, some-
times abundant, consists of only a single species, Letharia poeppigit (Nees
et Flot), other species being few and rare.
Of plants composing the undergrowth, some are conspicuous by their
occurrence in large masses, such as Gahum aparine, extremely common
and forming quite a network on the top of the other vegetation ; Vzcza
davopskyana, plentiful; Mutista retusa, sometimes abundant; 4cena oval-
tfolia, common, even abundant here and there; Osmorhiza berteri, plen-
tiful; Calceolaria darwinit, Uncinia phleoides and Carex filiformis subsp.
28 ; PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ematorhyncha f. gracilis, plentiful here and there. Of grasses, Bromus
catharticus and Elymus albowianus are predominant.
Subjoined is a list of species composing the undergrowth:
Berberis microphylla Forst. Osmorhiza berterit DC.
darwinn Hook. Ribes cucullatum Hook. et Arn.
wicifolia Linn, fil. sp. (probably R. magellanicum Poit.).
Galium aparine L. Geranium magellanicum Hook. fil.
Juegianum Lam. ~ Geum magellanicum Comm.
Vicia doropskyana Phil. Calceolaria darwini Benth.
Lathyrus magellanicus Lam. Uncinia phleoides Pers.
Mutista retusa Remy. Carex filiformis, subsp. ematorhyncha, f. gra-
decurrens Cav. cults.
Solidago chilensis Meyen. Alopecurus alpinus Sm.
Leuceria sp. Trisetum subspicatum Beauv.
Adenocaulon chilense Less. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
Cerastium arvense L. Bromus catharticus Mol.
Stellaria cuspidata Willd. Elymus albowianus Kurtz.
Fragaria chilensts Ehrh. Blechnum pinna-marina (Poir.).
Acena ovalifolia Ruiz et Pav. Polystichum elegans Remy.
On the trunks of the trees are only a few species of mosses generally
massed together, namely, Zygodon gracillimus and Z. curvicauls, Brachy-
thectum serviceo-nitens sp. nov. and Barbula flagellaris, in addition to a
single representative of the Hepatice, Lophocolea cucullistipula. \ have
already referred to the lichens. .
The space occupied by the community of deciduous beeches is not alto-
gether continuous, because, as already mentioned, there are small steppes
within the forest, of one or two kilometers in extent, which are found
even very far to the west. The boundary between these steppes and the
encircling forest is, as a rule, sharply defined, but sometimes there is an
intermediate belt of very dense thickets of Berberis microphylla. The fact
that the beech-nuts never spread very far from the mother-tree might
account for this well-defined boundary between the forest and the steppe.
SOR I Mets; Silistesete, JOIboeRahets
I. THE SMALL STEPPES.
The vegetation of the large steppe district to the eastward of the Aysen
valley I know only through my exploration of the small isolated steppes
within the forest. That, on the whole, their vegetation gives a correct idea
DUSEN: THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 29
of the steppe proper, I infer from the fact that nearly all of the species com-
posing it are also found in the district of Nahuel-huapi, which-is genuine
steppe land, large and unbroken; though the flora of these smaller steppes
necessarily shows considerably fewer species than occur farther eastward.
By including those species also which are found on the steppe-like slopes
of the surrounding mountain heights, at an altitude of 700 to 1000 meters
above the sea, this disproportion is somewhat reduced. It is a matter of
course that the smaller steppes, being entirely level and with a perfectly
homogeneous soil, cannot furnish so many species as the wide Patagonian
steppe, with its diversity of soil and surface, and offering far more favor-
able conditions for the growth of a rich and varied flora.
On the small steppes now in question grasses predominate, their fore-
most representative being Festuca gracilima, which grows in small tufts.
Shrubs are remarkably few and scarce. Of tuberous plants there is only
one, belonging to the the family of the Orchids, which was found in a
withered state and was therefore not determinable. The number of annual
and perennial species is about the same. The vegetation is scanty.
List OF SPECIES.
Berberis microphylla Forst. Thlaspi magellanicum Comm.
empetrifolia Lam. Armeria chilensis Boiss. var.
Ribes cucullatum Hook. et Arn. magellanica Boiss.
Baccharis magellanica (Lam.) Pers. Quinchamalium sp.
Erigeron sordidus Gill. Loasa volubilis Juss.
Solidago chilensis Less, Sisyrinchium chilense Hook.
Hypocheris poeppigt (DC.). Susarium segethi Phil.
Madia sativa Mol. Luzula racemosa Desv.
Senecio danyaust Hombr. et Jacq. Carex gayana Desv.-var, densa Kikn.
argenteus Kze. Alopecurus alpinus Sm.
Perezia linearis Less. Phleum alpinum L.
Cerastium arvense L. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
Geranium magellanicum Hook. fil. Agrostis montevidensis Spr. var. submutica
Acena multifida Hook. fil. Doell.
Splendens Hook. et Arn. Festuca gracillima Hook. fil.
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Ehth. Trisetum subspicatum Beauv.
Anemone multifida Poir. Poa fuegiana (Hook. fil.) Hack.
Collomia gracilis Doug.
One or two species of Orthotrichum and one of Usnea, somewhat resem-
bling U. darbata, are found on the older Berberzs shrubs, but apart from
these, there is no vegetation of mosses or lichens in these small steppes.
30 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
‘2. THE MouNTAIN FLORA OF THE UPPER AYSEN VALLEY.
A brief account of the vegetation of the mountains surrounding the
rather wide upper valley of the Aysen should not be omitted in this con-
nection, although my knowledge of it is not very comprehensive, being
founded only on my observations during a single ascent to the higher and
bare parts of one of these mountains.
Their flora is rather diversified and their sides up to an altitude of 700
meters. are covered with extremely dense thickets and park-like forest.
Above the 700-meter-line the vegetation becomes more like that of the
steppe, having much in common with the flora of the treeless areas in the
valley and interspersed with small groves of Wothofagus pumzlo up to an
elevation of 1000 meters. This tree extends upward to an altitude of
1300 meters, continually decreasing in size, and becoming a mere bush
and growing in low thickets near the upper limit of its range. It is
accompanied by a vegetation which is very much poorer in species than
that of the lower and steppe-like slopes, and differently composed. Above
the 1300-meter-line the vegetation is extremely thin, with very few species,
and at 1400 meters every trace of plant-life disappears.
The excessively dense and almost impassable thickets of the lower
slopes are made up of the following species: Berberis microphylla and B.
darwini, Ribes sp. (presumably R. magellanicum and R. cucullatum),
Discaria discolor, Pernettya mucronata, Colletta spinosa, Rhacoma dts-
ticha, Escallonia rubra, with a sprinkling of herbaceous plants, such as
Viola maculata, Vicia daropskyana, Elymus albowianus, Deschampsia
flexuosa and Mutista retusa, the last named of which is often piesa
the others being very scarce.
Here and there small beech groves are interposed between the thickets.
At a height of from 500 to 600 meters I met with one grove that quite
unexpectedly turned out to be composed of /Vothofagus betuloides, which
species I could hardly have believed to exist in these dry areas. The
undergrowth of the grove was made up exclusively of Rhacoma disticha.
During my ascent the last park-like forest was found at an altitude of
700 meters. It was as vigorous as the forests of the valley and fully typical,
although /Vothofagus pumilo preponderated. The undergrowth was the
same as in the valley and, in addition, the following three species were
found: Améothrium coccineum, Rhacoma disticha and Cystopterts fragilis.
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 3I
The flora of the steppe-like slopes above is partly composed of the
same species as I have already stated to occur in the small steppes of the
valley. . But as, in addition, it shows many species which I did not find
in the latter, I subjoin a complete list of species.
Baccharis magellanica (Lam.) Pers.
Chiliotrichium diffusum (Forst.).
Pernettya mucronata (Linn. fil.) Gaud.
Escallonia rubra Pers.
Senecio argenteus Kze.
chilensis Less.
andersont Hook. fil.
Erigeron sordidus Gill.
Hypocheris poeppigit (DC.).
arenaria Gaud.
Perezia linearis Less.
Guaphalhum serpylifolium Remy.
Hieracium chilense Less.
Saaifraga cordillerarum Presl. var. magellanica
(Poir).
Mulinum spinosum (Pers.).
Daucus australis Poepp.
Anemone multifida Poir.
Acena multifida Hook. fil.
elegans Phil.
Fragaria chilensts (L.) Ehrh.
Empetrum rubrum Vahl.
Melandrium magellanicum (Lam.) Fenzl.
It is as follows:
Oxalis laciniata Cav.
Viola maculata Cav.
Discaria discolor (Hook.).
Rhacoma disticha (Hook.) fil.
Berberis microphylla Forst.
Wendtia reynoldst Endl.
Armeria chilensis Boiss. var. magellanica Boiss.
Cerastium arvense L.
Lathyrus magellanicus Lam.
Phacelia circinata Jacq.
Calceolaria biflora Lam.
Valeriana carnosa Sm.
Loasa volubilis Juss.
Thlaspt magellanicum Comm.
Sisyrinchium chilense Hook.
Luzula racemosa Desv.
Phleum alpinum L.
Trisetum subspicatum Beauv.
Poa fuegiana (Hook. fil.) Hack.
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
Festuca gracilima Hook. fil.
Aira montividensis Spr. var. submutica Doell.
Cortaderia pilosa (d’Urv.).
In some places these steppe-like slopes are studded with small groves,
consisting exclusively of Vothofagus pumilio, N. antarchca having now
disappeared. The ground beneath is sometimes fairly well covered with
mosses, the following species of which are conspicuous: Bvachythecium
pavradoxum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Besch., B. movrenot C. Miill., Bxyam
hamatum sp nov., Acrocladium auriculatum (Mon.) Mitt., Campylopus
laniger Besch., Plagiothectum lepto-plumosum Dusén and Catagonium polt-
tum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) E. Miill.
Even at an altitude of 800 to goo meters Wothofagus pumitio is only a
low tree, the lower branches of which do not permit one to pass beneath
them. The greater the altitude at which it is found, the shorter it is,
forming at the upper limit of its range (1300 meters above sea-level) a
very stunted forest of dwarfed trees, the horizontal branches of which are
32 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
intertwined with one another. Vothofagus pumilio therefore differs in no
way as to habit from V. antarctica, the dwarfed growth of which at high
altitudes I have already described.
At this height Vothofagus pumilio is accompanied by a very scanty
vegetation which is quite different from that of the steppe, all grasses ex-
cept Poa fuegiana having disappeared. Large areas are entirely bare of
plants, and boisterous winds often make a clean sweep. Only on the lee-
ward (here the eastern) side of the thickets does the sand remain in patches,
and only here can the more delicate species hold their own in their severe
struggle for existence. On such a patch of sand I noticed the following
species, growing quite closely together when near the thicket, but elsewhere
scattered at rather wide intervals.
Ribes cucullatum Hook. et Arn. Perezia linearis Less.
Pernettya mucronata (Linn. fil.) Gaud. Leuceria salina (Remy).
leucocarpa DC. Acena pearcet Phil.
Berberis empetrifolia Lam. leptacantha Phil.
Empetrum rubrum Vahl. Azorella lycopodioides Gaud.
Rubus geoides Sm. Cerastium arvense L.
Chiliotrichium diffusum (Forst.). Thlaspi magellanicum Comm.
Senecio chilensts Less. Armeria chilensts Boiss. var. magellanica Boiss.
triodon Phil. Valeriana foncki Phil.
Hypocherts arenaria Gaud. Luzula racemosa Desv.
Perezia pediculariefolia Less. Poa fuegiana (Hook. fil.) Hack.
Still higher up the vegetation is extremely poor and sparse. Up to
an altitude of 1300 meters I saw the few following species :
Chiliotrichium diffusum (Forst.). Draba magellanica Lam.
Nassauvia serpens d’Urv. Armeria chilensis Boiss. var. magellanica Boiss.
Senecio purpuratus Phil. Oxalis laciniata Cav.
chilensis Less. Luzula racemosa Desv.
Acena leptacantha Phil. Poa fuegiana (Hook. fil.) Hack.
At an elevation of 1400 meters I found only one plant, a lichen, Vew-
vopogon trachycarpus Stirl. Above that height the slopes were entirely
denuded of vegetation. 7
The flora of the Alpine region of the western Patagonian Cordillera is,
on the whole, still unknown. Omitting the Alpine and marine floras, the
western Patagonian vegetation, taken as a whole, may be said to consist
of only the three communities of plants which I have attempted in some
measure to describe.
DUSEN : THE VEGETATION OF WESTERN PATAGONIA. 33
The community of evergreen beeches occupies a narrow, but very long
strip of land on the western side of the Cordillera. In the south it
expands over the western and southwestern portions of the Magellan dis-
trict, reaching its southern limit only at Cape Horn. Northward, it
extends through the whole of southern Chili, its total range north and
south comprising no less than 18 degrees of latitude, equal to about 2000
kilometers, or 1200 English miles. ,
The space occupied by the community of deciduous beeches on the
western side of the Cordillera is far less extensive. At its southernmost
point, on or near the Straits of Magellan, it is not quite homogeneous,
but is intermingled with some intruders from the community of evergreen
beeches, which here unexpectedly extend far eastward. In the southern
part of Fuegia also, at least along the eastern section of the Beagle
Channel, both of these communities are intermingled, though even here,
between the Rio Grande and the large firth-like lake, Lago Fagnano, the
former is quite typical. Farther north and already in northern Patagonia,
the character of this community of plants is somewhat modified by the
accession of new elements, the most important being Lzbocedrus chilensis
Endl., though to what extent, I was not in a position to determine.
The steppe vegetation, on the whole, is very uniform throughout the
entire length of the area which it occupies. In northern Patagonia this
area is evidently very narrow, but towards the south it expands more and
more, extending in Fuegia, and probably in southern Patagonia also,
quite to the Atlantic coast. Many species range over the whole of the
Patagonian steppe, extending also to the Fuegian. To give one instance
only, Festuca gracillima, which is so characteristic of the small steppes in
the upper Aysen valley, is quite as much at home in large sections of the
Fuegian steppe and likewise in the Patagonian, as in the district around
Lago Nahuel-huapi.
In the foregoing account of the vegetation of west Patagonia I have
occupied myself only with the three plant-communities mentioned. This
is not because there are no others represented here, but only because these
others are of very secondary importance and in no way comparable to the
three dominant plant communities described.
"Pui eae”
UF Dette 11%
vie
eri
HEPATICA: COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA.
BY
AER KANDER UWHEVANS,
YaLeE UNIVERSITY.
CREATES. FAV snV.t: )
HE territory of Patagonia, and particularly the regions neighboring
the Straits of Magellan, have several times been visited by sci-
entific expeditions. Most of these have made collections of Pat-
agonian plants and have included the hepatica among them, either
incidentally or systematically. Our knowledge of the hepatic flora of
this remote country is, therefore, sufficient to give us some idea of its
exceeding richness and variety. Although a few of the most conspicuous
species were gathered in the first years of the present century and even
earlier, the real foundations of our knowledge are based on the collec-
tions made during the Antarctic voyage of the British ships Avedus and
Terror, in the years 1839-43. These important collections were studied
by Sir Joseph D. Hooker and Dr. Thomas Taylor, and their preliminary
account’ of the species found was later amplified into a fuller description?
accompanied by numerous colored figures.
Passing over several smaller gatherings, attention may further be called
to three larger collections, which have been made and described within
recent years. The first of these collections was that of Dr. Spegazzini,
which was made in 1882 and included 103 species, most of which came
‘ Hepatieze Antarctice ; being characters and brief descriptions of the Hepatic discovered in
the southern circumpolar regions during the voyage of H. M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror.
Lond. Jour. of Bot. 3: 366-400, 454-481. 1844.
*Flora Antarctica, 2: 423-446. pl. 156-167. 1847.
oo
36 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
from Fuegia. The determinations were by Professor Massalongo, of
Ferrara, who published an illustrated account! of the species collected,
describing 27 as new. The second collection was made under the direc-
tion of the French ‘“ Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn,” and was studied
by M. Bescherelle, of Paris, and Professor Massalongo. A preliminary
paper’ by these writers described the new species and varieties, and
their memoir,*® published a little later, gave a complete enumeration of
the plants in the collection with illustrations of many interesting forms.
In their list, which includes a number of species found by Dr. Savatier
on the western coast of Patagonia, we find 88 species, of which 12 are
considered new. The third collection was made by Dr. Naumann during
the voyage of the German ship, the Gazelle.
Although collected in the years 1875 and 1876, the account of these
hepaticee was not published until 1890. They were first studied by Dr.
Gottsche, of Altona, who made drawings of the various species collected.
He also began but did not finish the work of description, and his notes
were afterwards revised and completed by Dr. Schiffner, of Prague, who
made use of many of Gottsche’s figures in the published account? of the
collection. Sixty-nine species from the straits of Magellan are included
in this enumeration, and, of these, 16 are described as new.
The present report is based on a collection made by Mr. John B.
Hatcher in the years 1896 and 1897, while engaged in geological field
work for Princeton University. Nearly all the plants were found either
at Lapataia on the southern coast of Fuegia or at Villarino Bay, about a
day’s journey to the westward of Lapataia, both stations being situated
on the Beagle Channel. A very few species came from the Cordilleras of
Patagonia. The collection, which numbers 53 species, includes few nov-
elties, but is of interest in adding to our knowledge of certain rare and
incompletely known forms.
In the preparation of this paper I am especially indebted to Dr. B. L.
Robinson for allowing me access to the Taylor Herbarium, to Herr
‘Epatiche della Terra del Fuoco raccolte nell’anno 1882 dal Dott. C. Spegazzini. Nuovo
Giorn. Bot. Ital. 17: 201-277. pl. 12-28. 1885.
” Hepaticee nove americanz-australes. Bull. de la Soc. Linn. 626-632, 637-640. 1886.
*Hépatiques récoltées par la Mission francaise du Cap Horn au 1882 et 1883. Comptes
rendus de la Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, 5: 201-252. pl. 1-5. 1889.
* Lebermoose (Hepatic) gesammelt auf der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle vorziiglich in der Mag-
ellen-Strasse, auf der Malayischen Inseln und Kerguelen-Land, 1-48. p/. 7-8. 18g0.
EVANS: HEPATICAZZ COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 37
Stephani for helpful notes, drawings and specimens, and to Prof. Nathorst
for the loan of two of Angstrém’s types. Other correspondents who have
given me assistance will be mentioned under particular species.
1. ADELOCOLEA UNCIFORMIS (Hook. f. & Tayl.).
Fungermannia unciformis Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 457.
1844.
Plagtochila unctformis Hook. f. & Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 653.
1847.
Adelanthus unciformis Spruce, Jour. Bot. 5: 200. 1876.
Plagiochila sphalera Hook. f. & Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 653. 1847.
Fungermannia hahotiphyla De Not. Mem. Acc. Tor. II., 16: 217. f 5.
1857. |
Adelanthus lindenbergianus (Lehm.) Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. '7: 244. 1864.
Lapataia. Punta Arenas (Dusén).
As Mitten’ has already pointed out, there is a genus 4delanthus older
than his own. It is the 4de/anthus of Endlicher, which is now regarded
as a synonym of Pyrenacantha Wight. Mitten suggests that the name
‘4 delocolea”’ be substituted for his 4de/anthus but makes the change in
only one species, viz., 4delocolea decipiens (Hook.) Mitt.
2. ANDROCRYPHIA PORPHYRORRHIZA Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 470.
1846.
Fungermanuia porphyrorrhiza Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11: 343. 1833.
Noteroclada porphyrorrhiza Mitt. Bot. of Kerguelen Island: Transit of
Menus. lixped, 37... 1974.
Fungermannia confluens Wook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 478.
1844.
Androcryphia confiuens Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 471. 1846.
Villarino Bay. (By Dusén at Punta Arenas and E. Fuegia.)
In Hooker and Taylor's Hepaticze Antarctica, the authors did not
divide the old genus Fungermannzia into distinct genera, but simply into
subgenera and the name /Voferoclada was given to one of these. Two
years afterwards, in the Synopsis Hepaticarum, Nees von Esenbeck raised
the group to generic rank, but, instead of retaining for it the name /Vofero-
1 Challenger Exped., Bot. 17: 106. 1884.
38 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
clada, substituted the name Audrocryphia. The latter, therefore, is the
oldest for the group as a genus and ought to be retained.
3. ANEURA CALVA Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der Forschungsreise
Si MuS: “Gazelles42 p35 5760 men COU.
Fuegia.
4. ANEURA cRISPA (Schiffn. & Gottsche) Steph. Hedwigia, 32: 137.
1893.
Pseudoneura crispa Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der Forschungsreise
5, Mio. i Gazelle 4 1 p28 067. eet OO:
Fuegia.
The specimens agree with a part of the type-material, kindly sent me
by Professor Schiffner. (W. Magellan, Dusén.)
5. ANEURA FUEGIENSIS (Massal.) Evans, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:
VAZNAI SO?)
Riccardia fuegiensts Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1'7: 255. p26. f. 4.
1885.
Lapataia.
6. ANEURA PREHENSILIS (Hook. f. & Tayl.). Non Mitt. in Hook. f.
Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 543. 1867.
Fungermannia prehensitis Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 480.
1844.
Metzgeria prehenstis Hook. f. & Tayl.in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 505.
1846.
Acrostolia prehensilis ‘Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
4 (F431 e177:
Riccardia prehensilis Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1'7: 255. 1885.
Aneura savatiert Steph. Hedwigia, 32: 26. 1893.
Villarino Bay. (W. Magellan, Dusén.)
There has been so much confusion regarding this characteristic plant of
southern Patagonia that it seems wise to give’a brief review of the litera-
ture concerning it and to emphasize again its most important peculiarities.
The original description of Fungermannia prehensirs (like all in Hooker
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 39
and Taylor’s paper) consists of two parts—a diagnosis in Latin, and a
somewhat fuller account in English with comparative remarks. In the
Synopsis Hepaticarum we find the diagnosis simply repeated and the
English account translated into Latin, so that this description contains
nothing new and is essentially like the original. In the Flora Antarctica
again, what is practically the same description reappears, but this time is
supplemented by a figure of the plant with slightly enlarged details. This
original description is, of course, incomplete and the part which applies
to the vegetative characters of the plant, particularly so. The following
extracts include all the points brought forward about the thallus : “ Fronde
laxe ceespitosa erecta incurva alata; lobis alternis secundis pinnatis, pin-
nulis planis linearibus crassinerviis ;”’ ‘Fronds loosely tufted, with broad
hooked tips, the stem flat, brown, pubescent, the pinnules are smoother
and of a pale olive green.” The plant is compared with Fungermannia
evtocaula Hook., which is said to be darker green and to have a tripinnate
frond with narrower pinnules. Only one station is given, Hermite Island,
Cape Horn, and no others are mentioned either in the Synopsis or in the
Flora Antarctica.
In the Flora Nove Zelandiz, Mitten! applies the name Sarcomitrium
prehensile (changed to Aneura prehensilis in the Handbook) to a plant
with smooth epidermis, and apparently considers it identical with the
Fuegian species. With the exception of this character, his description
does indeed agree very closely with that of Hooker and Taylor. Massa-
longo, on the other hand, says of his Reccardia prehensitis: ‘ Cellule
superficiales thalli in appendicem mamilleeformem pulcherrime prom-
inent,” and Schiffner calls attention to the same peculiarity. Still
more recently Stephani, basing his opinion on New Zealand specimens,
of Aueura prehensiis presumably determined by Mitten, describes a
Patagonian plant as Aueura savatieri n. sp. and names as his type
some of the material referred by Bescherelle and Massalongo to Azc-
cardia prehensilis. Wis description is very clear, the account of the
epidermis being as follows: ‘Cellule . . . corticales depresso-imbri-
catulz, 2. e., apex cellulz papulosz supra cellulam proximam parum
protractus; margo ubique hyalino subcrenulato.” He remarks further:
“ Aneura prehensilis (ex insula N. Zelandia) multo robustior est, epider-
mide Alano-cellulosa.”
BO pacittaas 107.0 TAS 5.
40 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
In view of these conflicting opinions, I have consulted Taylor's original
specimens of Fungermannia prehensilis from Hermite Island. They are
remarkably free from admixture and show the peculiar papillose epidermis
described above, indicating that the Patagonian plant is to be looked
upon as the true 4ueura prehensilts (Hook. f. & Tayl.). The New Zea-
land plant with the smooth epidermis is probably an unnamed species.
The papilliform epidermal cells of Anueura prehensilis are somewhat
variable in their distribution; on some stems they occur on both surfaces,
on others only on the antical surface, while on the pinnules they are scat-
tered and sometimes fewin number. A robust rachis is about fifteen cells
thick, but its cells are unlike those found in most members of the genus;
on the outside there are one or two layers of rather thin-walled cells (in-
cluding the epidermis) and just inside these are two or three layers of
cells with very thick brown walls, the thickening being deposited un-
equally and leaving irregular cell-cavities; the interior is filled with cells
having slightly thickened pale walls. These different kinds of cells do
not vary markedly in size.
The nearest ally of Aneura prehensilis is the more robust 4. evzocaula
of New Zealand. In this species the rachis, as described by Leitgeb," is
essentially like that of the Patagonian plant. The epidermis shows papil-
liform cells, but the papilla, instead of being appressed, stand out from
the rachis at right angles and give it a hirsute appearance.
7. ANEURA SPEGAZZINIANA (Massal.) Steph. Hedwigia, 32: 138. 1893.
Riccardia spegazziniana Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 254. pf 25.
[Ge meLOos:
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Dusén.)
8. ANTHOCEROS ENDIVI4FOLIUS Mont. Voy. au Péle Sud. Bot. Crypt.
Tee eeLoA Ss
Lapataia. (Punta Arenas, and W. Magell. Savatier.)
The plants referred to this species agree closely with the detailed
description of Massalongo? as well as with the more meager original
description of Montagne. In the Taylor Herbarium, there is an 4zfho-
ceros from Cape Horn, labeled 4. functatus which belongs here, and,
‘Unters. tiber die Leberm. 3: 49. 1877.
? Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 258. 1885.
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 4I
judging from the description, 4. ¥amesonit Tayl.! is also to be con-
sidered a synonym.
9. BLEPHARIDOPHYLLUM DENSIFOLIUM (Hook.) Angstr. Ofversigt af
Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhand. 29, Haft 5: 151. 1874.
Fungermannia densifolia Hook. Musc. Exot. p/. 76. 1818.
Scapania densifolia Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 72. 1844.
Diplophyllum densifolium Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 69. 1875.
Martinellia densifolia Trev. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III. 4:
AC Peel O77.
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in Magell. St.)
A very variable species, including fangermannia vertebrais Hook. f.
& Tayl., ¥. chloroleuca Hook. f. & Tayl. and ¥ pycnophylla De Not.
10. BLEPHAROSTOMA PILOSUM Evans, Torrey Bulletin, 25: 413. 1898.
Pl. IV, Figs. 1-6.
Sterile: densely czepitose, brownish-green; stems erect, simple or with
a few lateral branches, sparingly or not at all radiculose, the rhizoids,
when present, coming from the basal cells of the underleaves; leaves and
underleaves similar, transversely inserted, concave, broadly orbicular-
quadrate in general outline, deeply 4-parted (about $), the segments
lanceolate, 4-7 cells wide at base, tapering into capillary points (each
composed of a single row of 5 or more cells), and bearing on their
margins 5-8 pairs of opposite widely divaricate capillary teeth, becoming
successively longer toward the base; upper teeth composed of a single
row of cells, lower teeth strongly deflexed, often 2 cells wide in the lower
part and giving off a pair or two of tertiary teeth, the external basal teeth
of the outer segments much larger than the others and making the leaves
appear 6-parted; undivided basal part of the leaves about 4 cells across:
leaves subtending branches similar to the others but only 2-parted (though
often apparently 4-parted from the large size of the external basal teeth of
the segments): leaf cells oblong, rather thick-walled but without trigones ;
cuticle often indistinctly and minutely verruculose-striate, especially toward
the base of the leaves.
PRION Leal as 17 Ts 1855:
42 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Stems 1-2 cm. long, 0.2 mm. wide; leaves 0.85 mm. long and wide,
leaf cells averaging 46 wu long, 14 m wide.
Villarino Bay.
The leaves of the present species are so copiously and finely dissected
that the plant remains one at first glance of a 77zchocolea, but the scanty
branching, the dark color and the occasional rhizoids would seem to remove
it from that genus. The somewhat problematical 7: Aolyacantha (Hook.
f. & Tayl.) from New Zealand might, nevertheless, seem from the pub-
lished descriptions and figures’ to be identical with our species, but a
study of the type material in the Taylor Herbarium shows conclusively
that this curious plant is distinct not only from Blepharostoma pilosum
but also from B. guadripartitum (Hook.) Trevis., of which Schiffner? has
considered it a possible synomym. The New Zealand species is distin-
guished at once by the numerous paraphylla which clothe the stem and
give it a hirsute appearance ; they are minute structures, composed of only
2-4 cells and are either simple or forked, their cells, like those of the
leaves, being minutely verruculose. Whether the plant is really a
Trichocolea or not can hardly be settled without a larger supply of
material, as the true nature of the involucre cannot be made out with-
out dissection.
In the remarks which supplement Mr. Pearson’s description of Blepharo-
stoma palmatum Lindb.,? a statement is made which would seem to indi-
cate that B. Az/osum (or some closely allied plant) has sometimes been in-
cluded under B. guadripartitum. ‘The specimens listed below agree closely
with authentic specimens of this latter species in the Taylor Herbarium
and also with a drawing in the Sullivant collection made from material
collected on the Wilkes Expedition. The main differences between the
two are the following: B. guadripartitum is smaller than B. pilosum, and
its smaller leaves are less deeply parted (about % ), the undivided basal
part being about 6 cells across; the leaf-cells are shorter; the leaf-seg-
ments are either entire (on slender branches) or sparingly toothed, there
being only 1-3 pairs of teeth for each segment, except on the leaf-mar-
gins, where there may be 1 or 2 extra ones ; the teeth are always short
and simple ; even on the bracts, where the teeth of the segments are often
*Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 290. 1844. Fl. Ant. 1: 161. pl. 65.f. 9. 1844.
* Lebermoose der Forschungsreise S. M. S. “ Gazelle,” 19. 1890.
‘Jour. Bot. 25 : 193-195. pl. 275. 1887.
EVANS : HEPATICA! COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 43
6-8 in number on each side, they remain short, rarely being more than 3
or 4 cells in length.
11. BLEPHAROSTOMA QUADRIPARTITUM (Hook.) Trevis. Mem. reale Ist.
Pomoc e ecttaliledaeAty . 1877.
Pl. IV, Fig. 7-8.
Fungermannia quadripartita Hook. Musc. Exot. f/ rr7. 1820.
Temnomia quadripartita Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 68. 1877.
Fungermannia podophylla Angstr. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad.
Foérhand. 29, Haft 4: 11. 1872 (fide Pearson).
Fuegia.
12. CHILOSCYPHUS MASSALONGOANUS Steph. Hedwigia, 32: 325. 1893.
Chiloscyphus fisststipus Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 299. AZ 78. f,
76. 1885. (Non Hook. f. & Tayl.)
Chiloscyphus fisststipus var. magellanicus Schiffn. & Gottsche, Leber-
ieosesder= Porschungesreise 5. M.S. ‘Gazelle,’ 14. A/ 2. f. 78.
1890.
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in W. Patag. & W. Magell.)
13. FOSSOMBRONIA NAUMANII Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der
Morechunesreise: >. M. 5, -‘“Gazelle,’ 39. p47. f. 29-25. 1890.
Fuegia.
The present material is all sterile and can only be referred provisionally
to the above species, from which it differs in certain points. Professor
Schiffner has kindly compared the Patagonian plant with the type of &
naumanw from Kerguelen Island and writes me the following note in
regard to it: “Differt a /: mwaumaniz statura majore, rhizoidis pallidis
(nec violaceo-rubris), absentia squamularum dorsalium. Foliorum forma
et reticulatione bene congruit. A®que ac /. xaumani planta aquatica vel
imo palustris esse videtur.” In the total absence of reproductive organs
it seems wisest not to give our plant a new name.
14. FRULLANIA BOVEANA Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 244. pf 23.
feta Bel
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Dusén; Fuegia, Hariot.)
44 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
15. HARIOTIELLA HERMITENSIS Massal. & Besch. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital.
5: 256. 1898 (new series).
Polyotus? hariottanus Besch. & Massal. Bull. Soc. Linn. de Paris, 639.
1886.
Lepidolena hariottana Schiffn. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pf. Fam. 1°:
TO. 1005
Lapataia.
16. HARPALEJEUNEA SUBFENESTRATA (Massal.) Schiffn. & Gottsche,
Lebermoose der Forschungreise S. M. S. ‘“‘Gazelle,”’ 28.
DL On) @1 Ome Jom OOO:
Leeunea subfenestrata Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 249. pl. 25. f
Eley. i itetsixy
Villarino Bay.
17. JAMESONIELLA COLORATA (Lehm.) Schiffn. in Engler & Prantl, Nat.
Pies Pam 35226530 OO8:
Fungermannia colorata Lehm. Linnza, 4: 366. 1829.
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in W. Patag.)
18. JUNGERMANNIA ANTARCTICA Angstr. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.
Akad. Férhand. 29, Heft. 4: 10. 1872.
Fungermannia pigafettoana Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 217. A2.
I4. 1885.
Lapataia.
Through the kindness of Professor Nathorst, of Stockholm, I have
been enabled to examine a part of Angstrém’s type of this species, which
is preserved in the collections of the Royal Academy of Science; the
specimens agree in all respects with those collected by Mr. Hatcher and
also with the published description and figures of Fungermannia pigafet-
foana. ‘The original description of Angstrém does not give an accurate
account of the underleaves. In the diagnosis of the species, we read:
‘‘amphigastria ovato- vel lanceolato-subulata” ; and, in the fuller descrip-
tion which follows, it is stated: ‘“amphigastria caulis inferioris ovato-
subulata, utrinque in parte basali et sub subulam dente uno subulato
instructa; in parte superiori caulis lanceolato-subulato subintegra sunt.”
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 45
As a matter of fact, the underleaves are deeply 2-parted, and the description
quoted above applies to the divisions and not to the complete structures.
Angstrém also omits mention of the cuticle of the leaves, which is
strongly verrucose, and is one of the most striking peculiarities of the
plant.
19. JUNGERMANNIA HATCHERI Evans, Torrey Bulletin, 25: 417. 18098.
Pl. V, Figs. 1-7.
Fungermannia barbata, B. floerkit Gottsche, Die Lebermoose Siid-Geor-
giens, 450. Jf 6. 1890. Non Fungermannia floerkit Web. & Mohr.
Sterile: plants loosely czespitose or creeping over tufts of Lophocolea
vigens, yellowish-brown; stems simple or sparingly branched, densely
radiculose; leaves closely imbricated, obliquely inserted, more or less
crispate, broadly quadrate ; abruptly widening from the base, not decurrent,
cleft one third or more into 4 obtuse, acute or cuspidate lobes, separated
by obtuse or lunulate sinuses, postical margin bearing near the base a
cluster of 2-5 fine hair-like cilia, each consisting of 2-8 cells, usually in a
single row ; underleaves divided almost to the base into 2 slender divi-
sions, bearing cilia in the lower part; leaf-cells rather thin-walled with dis-
tinct trigones, cuticle smooth or nearly so; gemmez reddish-brown, borne
in chains and forming clusters on the teeth of the upper leaves, angular,
composed of 1 or 2 cells.
Stems .5-1 cm. long, 0.35 mm. in diameter; leaves 1.55 mm. long, 1.20
mm. wide; underleaves 0.55 mm. long, 0.15 mm. wide; leaf-cells on mar-
gin 15 mM, in the middle 19 pm, and at the base 23 mw in diameter; gemmz
15 m in diameter.
Lapataia.
The present species is an antarctic representative of the darbate-group
of the genus Fungermannia, a group of closely allied plants, which forms
a most conspicuous feature of the hepatic floras of northern and arctic
regions. The presence of basal cilia on the leaves shows an approach to
F. lycopodioides and F. floerkit, and to the latter species the Patagonian
plant bears a marked resemblance. The principal points of difference
have already been indicated by Gottsche. In F floerkiv, the leaves do
not broaden out so abruptly from the base as in ¥ archer, their lateral
margins are more nearly parallel and their more robust basal cilia are
often 2 or 3 cells wide in the lower part; the underleaves are much larger
46 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
and their segments are often 8-10 cells broad at the base instead of only
3 or 4 cells; in $ hatchert, moreover, the segments end in a single row
of 10-20 cells, whereas in ¥ floerkiz, there are usually less than ro cells.
The occasional cuspidate leaf-lobes of $ “atchert remind one of the
similar structures found in ¥ Zycopodtordes, but this latter species is much
more robust, and has longer and more tortuous basal cilia and larger
underleaves with broader and more densely ciliated segments.
20. JUNGERMANNIA PROPAGULIFERA Gottsche, Die Lebermoose Siid
Georgiens, 451. fl. 7. f 6-12. 1890.
Plate V, Figs. 8-18.
Paroicous: plants czespitose, mixed with the preceding species, yellow-
ish-brown or reddish; stems creeping or ascending, branching by innova-
tions, radiculose: leaves imbricated, ovate-quadrate, obliquely spreading,
not decurrent, concave, bifid about one third with subacute sinus and
lobes, the antical lobe slightly smaller, otherwise entire (or erose-denticu-
late from the presence of gemmz); underleaves wanting; leaf-cells polyg-
onal in outline, thin-walled and without trigones; ? inflorescence ter-
minal; bracts in I or 2 pairs, mostly erect-spreading, similar to the
'stem-leaves but more crispate, sometimes trifid and with sparingly and
irregularly toothed lobes and margins; bracteole connate on one or both
sides, with bracts ovate, bilobed or not segmented, toothed or entire;
perianth ovate-cylindrical, composed of a single layer of cells, slightly
narrowed and plicate in the upper part, minutely denticulate at the mouth,
3 bracts in 2-4 pairs, situated just below the ¢ bracts, complicate-bilobed,
but similar to the stem-leaves when spread out, scarcely inflated at the
base and enclosing 1 or 2 antheridia; gemmez borne on the leaves near
the apices of the lobes, yellowish-brown, oblong, composed of 1 or 2 cells:
capsule spherical, purple, borne on a long hyaline stalk; spores yellowish-
brown, minutely tuberculate; elaters reddish, bispiral.
Stems .5-1 cm. long, 0.22 mm. in diameter; leaves 0.95 mm. long and
wide; leaf-cells 28 yz in diameter at base, 22 mw in other parts of the leaf;
bracts 1.2-1.35 mm. long, 0.85-1.2 mm. wide, bracteole 1.0-1.1 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. wide, perianth 2.9 mm. long, 1.1 mm. in diameter; gem-
mz 20 in diameter; spores 12-14 ym in diameter.
Lapataia.
EVANS: HEPATICA! COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 47
In his description of Fungermannia propagulifera, Gottsche calls atten-
tion to the peculiarities of the perigonial bracts and the gemmiparous
stems, but says that the perichztial bracts with the female flowers are
still to be desired, thereby implying that the species is dioicous. In other
respects the description agrees very closely with the plants collected by
Mr. Hatcher, and it seems best to refer the latter’s specimens, provision-
ally at any rate, to Gottsche’s species. Curiously enough, both the South
Georgian and the Fuegian specimens were found growing with Fuuger-
mannia hatchert. F. propagulifera is nearly allied to the European F.
socta Nees, which certain authors’ consider a variety of ¥ exczsa Dicks.
It resembles this species in its paroicous inflorescence, in its absence of
underleaves, etc. In the European species, however, the leaves are less
deeply bifid, so that the sinus is obtuse or lunulate, the leaf-cells have
thicker walls and there are slight differences in the bracts.
21. LEJEUNEA SAVATIERIANA Besch. & Massal. Bull. Soc. Linn. de Paris,
638. 1886.
Flarpalejeunea savatiertana Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der For-
echunvsteise >. MoS. ‘Gazelle’ 29. £7 6.7.7. 1890.
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in W. Patagonia.)
22. LEPICOLEA OCHROLEUCA (Spreng.) Lindb. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10:
516. 1875.
Fungermannia ochroleuca Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 325. 1829.
Sendtnera ochroleuca Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 240. 1845.
Leperoma ochroleuca Mitt.in Hook. f. Handb. of the N. Zeal. Fl.754. 1867.
Herberta ochroleuca Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
4: 397. 1877.
Villarino Bay, etc. (W. Magellan, Dusen.)
23. LEPIDOLANA MAGELLANICA (Lam.) Lindb. Jour. Linn. Soc. 13: 194.
1073;
Fungermanunia magellanica Lam. Encycl. Bot. 3: 284.
Polyotus magellanicus Gottsche in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 248. 1845.
Gackstrémia magellanica Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett.
PIG A397 lO] 7.
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Savatier.)
‘Cf. Massalongo, Atti della Soc. Veneto-Trent. di Sc. Nat. I]. 2: (19). 1895.
48 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
24. LEPIDOLAZNA MENZzIESII (Hook.) Dumort. Recueil d’obs. sur les
JUNE S12 st O25.
Fungermannia menztestt Hook. Musc. Exot. AZ. rz8. 1820.
Polyotus menziestt Gottsche in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 247. 1845.
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Savatier.)
25. LEPIDOZIA FILAMENTOSA Lehm. & Lindenb. in G. L. & N. Syn.
Hep. 207. 1845.
Fungermannia filamentosa Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehm. Pugillus, 4: 29.
isi e
Mastigophora filamentosa Trevis. Mem. reale Ist Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
4 TAO alo 77!
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in W. Magellan, by Hahn in Isle Hoste.)
26. LEPIDOZIA PLUMULOSA Lehm. & Lindenb. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep.
ite io4s,
Fungermannia plumulosa Lehm. & Lindenb. in Lehm. Pugillus, 6: 30.
1834.
Mastigophora plumulosa Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
AeAlO me loyy:
Lepidozia tetradactya Tayl. in G. L. & Syn. Hep. 213. 1845.
Fungermannia tetradactyla Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 306.
1844.
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Dusen.)
27. LEPIDOZIA TRUNCATELLA Nees inG. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 209. 1845.
Mastigophora truncatella Trevis. Mem. reale Ist Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
ASAIO mI OT
Fuegia.
28. LOPHOCOLEA BIDENTATA (L.) Dumort. Recueil d’obs. sur les Jung.
Ly LOSS.
Lapataia.
29. LOoOPHOCOLEA STENOPHYLLA Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der
Forschungsreise S. M. S. Gazelle, 12. p23. f. 25-28. 1890.
Villarino Bay.
EVANS: HEPATICA® COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. AO
30. LOPHOCOLEA HORIZONTALIS (Hook.).
Fungermannta hortzontalis Hook. Musc. Exot. p/. 96. 1818.
Chiloscyphus horizontals Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 177. 1845.
Fungermannia grandifola Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 474.
1844.
Chiloscyphus gsrandifolius Tay]. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 185. 1845.
Villarino Bay.
31. LopHocoLEA LENTA (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn.
Hepri62s 1845.
Fungermannuta lenta Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 379. 1844.
Fungermannia diademata Hook. f. & Tayl. 7 ¢. 3: 560. 1844.
Fungermannia secundifolia Hook. f. & Tayl. 7 ¢. 3: 471. 1844.
Lapataia.
32. LOPHOCOLEA OBVOLUTA (Hook. f. & Tayl.).
Fungermannia obvoluta Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 4: 80. 1845.
Fuegia.
In the original description of this species no station is given except the
Falkland Islands. In the Flora Antarctica, Hermite Island, Cape Horn,
is also mentioned. Under the name Faungermannia obvoluta, two plants
are preserved in the Taylor herbarium ; the first of these from the Falk-
land Islands, must be considered the type of the species ; the second from
Cape Horn, is apparently distinct, but there is so little of it that it would
be unwise to attempt to describe it. In the type-specimen a well-devel-
oped leaf is almost longitudinally inserted and is attached by a very broad
base, the distance from side to side being about twice as great as that
from base to apex. The leaf is more or less distinctly divided into two
unequal lobes; the postical, which is slightly the larger, is concave and
rounded at the base and extends beyond the stem, at the apex it is biden-
tate but is otherwise entire ; the antical lobe is decurrent and is irregularly
lobed and dentate. The leaf-cells average 25 in diameter. The speci-
mens collected on the Albatross expedition and referred by the writer to
L. obvoluteformis' agree closely with this type. In Mr. Hatcher's speci-
mens the postical lobe is more coarsely and irregularly dentate than in
the type and the leaf-cells are a little smaller, averaging 21 m in diameter,
but the plants are otherwise so similar that they can hardly be separated.
1Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 140. 1892.
50 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
It is probable that Lophocolea obvoluteformis (De Not.) Massal. also be-
longs here, although the published descriptions! of this species differ from
Taylor's specimen in a few minor details. The figure of Z. odvoluta in
the Flora Antarctica does not well represent the species.
33. LOPHOCOLEA PALLIDE-VIRENS (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt. Jour. Linn.
SOGeL 5 a7 2 me 7a
Fungermannia pallide-virens Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 473.
1844.
Chiloscyphus pallide-virens Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 179. 1845.
Villarino Bay.
34. LOPHOCOLEA PUCCIOANA (De Not.) Massal. var. suspEcTA Massal.
Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1'7: 228. A777. f’ 7-9. 1885.
Villarino Bay. (W. Magellan, Dusén; Fuegia, Hariot.)
Professor Massalongo has kindly confirmed my determination of these
specimens. In the Sullivant collection there is a drawing labeled ‘“ Fan-
germannia hums’ which was made from specimens collected by the
Wilkes Expedition. The drawing represents a plant which is identical
with Mr. Hatcher’s specimens. As, however, Fungermannia humilis
Hook. f. & Tayl.? seems to have been a composite species and as Mitten?
has applied the name to a plant without underleaves, it seems wisest not
to change the name of De Notaris’ plant.. Fungermannia humilis is appa-
rently not represented in the Taylor herbarium.
35. LOPHOCOLEA RIGENS (Hook. f. & Tayl.).
Fungermannia vrigens Wook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 461. 1844.
Dioicous: densely czespitose, yellowish-green ; stems ascending and
giving off numerous simple or subdivided, ascending or erect, lateral
branches, sparingly radiculose, the radicles in clusters at the bases of the
underleaves : leaves imbricated, obliquely inserted, erect-spreading, strongly
concave or convolute (especially on the branches), broadly ovate or orbic-
ular, bifid about one fourth with acute, obtuse or lunulate sinus and acute
teeth, otherwise entire, more or less decurrent at antical base: underleaves
ovate, bifid one third or more with narrow sharp lobes, usually bearing on
*Mem. Acc. Tor. II’ 16: 7. &. 1855. Nuova Gior) Bot? Ital17 =) 223, 01305.
* Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 468. 1844.
* Bot. of Kerguelen Island: Transit of Venus Expedition, 34. 1874.
EVANS: HEPATICAE COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 5I
each side a small tooth at about the middle, otherwise entire: leaf-cells
polygonal, thin-walled, slightly or not at all thickened at the angles: ¢
inflorescence terminal, sometimes innovating, bracts in two or three pairs,
less obliquely inserted and slightly larger than the leaves but scarcely
different from them in shape; bracteole ovate, bifid about one third and
bearing a small tooth on each side above the middle; perianth (young)
campanulate, 3-keeled but without wings, 3-lobed at the wide, open
mouth and coarsely and irregularly toothed: # infloresence borne in the
course of a branch, bracts in several (about 5) pairs, imbricated and con-
volute, similar in shape to the stem-leaves when spread out, but expand-
ing at the antical base into an inflated pouch usually tipped with a tooth ;
underleaves not modified.
Stems .5-1 cm. long, 0.2 mm. in diameter; leaves (large) 0.75 mm.
long and wide; underleaves (large) 0.35 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide; leaf-cells
at edge of leaf 16 ws, in middle 21 mw and at base 25 yw in diameter; peri-
cheetialbracts 1 mm. long, 0.85 mm. wide; bracteole 0.95 mm. long, 0.7 mm.
wide; perigonial bracts 0.7 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide.
Lapataia.
This distinct little Lophocolea does not seem to have been recorded
since its original discovery in the Falkland Islands. Mr. Hatcher’s speci-
mens agree very closely with the sterile type material in the Taylor her-
barium, and I have given a full account of the species because the original
description is far from complete and the figure given in the Flora Antarc-
tica does not adequately represent the plant. Fruiting stems seem to be
very rare, the plant apparently spreading by means of small branches,
which, when dry, easily become detached.
The authors of Fungermannia ragens compared it with the European
F. francisct Hook., and in the Synopsis it is placed close to that species ;
the position of the branches, however, which are produced near the posti- .
cal basal angle of the subtending leaves would at once remove it from the
genus Cephalozia in which ¥ francisc¢ is now included. L. vigens
belongs in the puzzling group of Lophocolea with bifid leaves. Its small
size and yellowish-green color, the curious rolling up of its leaves, which
often gives the branches a worm-like appearance and the slight modifica-
tions which its bracts undergo will serve to distinguish it.
52 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
36. LopHOCOLEA VASCULOSA (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Nees in G. L. & N. Syn.
Nines): levy, iteyl eg).
Fungermannia vasculosa Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 461. 1844.
Fungermannia elata Gottsche, Die Lebermoose Siid-Georgiens, 450. A/.
7. f. 3-6. 1890.
On trees, Cordilleras of Patagonia. (By Hariot in Fuegia.)
The figures of this species in the Flora Antarctica give a false idea of
the underleaves, which are much narrower than is represented. The
quoted illustration of Fungermannia elata, however, is more accurate in
this respect. The Patagonian plants agree closely with the types of F
vasculosa in the Taylor Herbarium.
37. MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L. Sp. Pl. 1137. 1753.
Cordilleras of Patagonia: Fuegia.
Although the species of Marchantia which were collected during the
Antarctic voyage were identified by Hooker and Taylor as JZ. polymorpha,
they were afterwards referred by Mitten to JZ. dabularis Nees.’ I had
hoped to find the latter species in the present collection, but a study of
numerous specimens and a comparison with an authentic, African plant
of MW. tabularis,? kindly sent me by Herr Stephani, have shown conclu-
sively that Mr. Hatcher’s material of this genus is all referable to JZ
polymorpha.
38. MARSUPIDIUM CRYSTALLINUM (Massal.) Besch. & Massal. Compt.
rend. de la Miss. Sc. du Cap Horn, 5: 229. 1889.
Gymnanthe crystallina Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1'7: 239. A/ 22. f.
24. 1885.
Acrobolbus excisus Schiffn. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 1°: 86.
1893.
Fuegia.
The material of this species is all sterile, and is present in small amount.
My determination has been kindly verified by Professor Massalongo.
It is doubtful if the plant can be retained in Marsupidium, as we now
understand that genus.
'Hook. f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 545. 1867.
* According to Schiffner (Oesterr. botan. Zeitschrift. 1896), Warchantia tabularis Nees is a
synonym of the older M7, berteroana Lehm. & Lindenb.
EVANS: HEPATICAE COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 53
39. MARSUPIDIUM URVILLEANUM (Mont.) Mitt. in Hook. f. Handb. N.
Zeal. Fl. 754. 1867.
Plagiochila urvilleana Mont. Ann. des Sc. Nat. II. 19: 247. 1843.
Scapania urvilleana Mont. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 63. 1844.
Fungermannia urvilleana Wook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 468.
1844.
Gymnanthe urvilleana Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 193. 1845.
Acrobolbus urvilleanus Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
AmA2>) 8 1877.
Fungermannia abbreviata Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 374.
1844.
Plagiochila abbreviata Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 646. 1847.
Fuegia.
40. METZGERIA FRONTIPILIS Lindb. Acta Soc. pro Faun. et Flor.
Benne tema: 7/420 11877)
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Savatier.)
41. My ia appira (Sulliv.).
Plagtochila abdita Sulliv. in Hook. Jour. Bot. and Kew Gard. Misc. 2:
Bry. 1850.
Lewoscyphus pallens Mitt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 68. 1877.
Lapataia.
The type of Plagiochila abdita is not to be found at present in the
Sullivant Herbarium, but there is a drawing of the species there, which
agrees very closely with the Lapataia specimens and also with the pub-
lished descriptions and figures! of Lezoscyphus pallens. The two genera,
Myta and Letoscyphus (or Leptoscyphus), are both given places by Schiff-
ner? in his recent treatment of the genera of Hepatice. He recognizes,
however, that they are very close to each other and points out only two,
purely vegetative, characters to distinguish them: in A/y/a the leaves are
said to be alternate and the underleaves wnadivided,; whereas in Lezoscy-
phus, the leaves are said to be opposite and the underleaves dzfd. The
first distinction, however, does not hold, as there are acknowleged species
1 Mitten, Botany of Kerguelen Island: Transit of Venus Expedition, f/. 3. f. 6. 1874.
Schiffner and Gottsche, Lebermoose der Forschungsreise S. M.S. ‘‘ Gazelle,” pl. 3. f. 4, 5. 1890.
? Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. i. 3. pp. 89, 90. 1893.
54 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
of Letoscyphus (e. g., L. chiloscyphoideus) with alternate leaves; and the
second distinction seems hardly sufficient to separate the genera.
42. MyLIA CHILOSCYPHOIDEA (Lindenb.).
Plagiochila chiloscyphoidea Lindenb. in Lehmann, Pugillus, 8: 4. 1844.
Letoscyphus chiloscyphoideus Mitt. Fl. Tasmaniz, 2: 225. 1860.
Fuegia. |
43. PIGAFETTOA CRENULATA Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 237.
D2 7a / ae a meeloOs
Villarino Bay. (By Savatier in W. Patagonia.)
44. PLAGIOCHILA ANSATA Hook. f. & Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep.
649. 1847.
Pl. VI, Figs. 1-9.
Fungermannia ansata Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 457. 1844.
Plagiochila circinalis var. Besch. & Massal. Bull. Soc. Linn. de Paris, 627.
1886.
Dioicous: plants growing in loose tufts, blackish-brown varying to pale
brown or yellowish-green: stems simple or sparingly branched, some-
times innovating from below the perianth, slightly or not at all radiculose:
leaves distant or subimbricated, erect-spreading or erect and appressed to
the stem, orbicular-obovate, rounded at the broad apex, cuneate at the
base, margin entire or repand, the antical decurrent, the postical rounded
near the base and less decurrent: underleaves wanting: leaf-cells polyg-
onal (mostly 6-sided), becoming elongated toward base, trigones very
conspicuous, separated by narrow thin-walled regions or pits: ¢ inflores-
cence terminal, the bracts in 2 or 3 pairs, passing by gradual transitions
into the stem-leaves, the margins coarsely and irregularly dentate with 1-5
sharp teeth or blunt projections, innermost bracts narrower than the
others, ovate or obovate in shape; perianth long-exserted, flattened, ex-
alate, clavate, very gradually narrowed toward the base and truncate at
the apex, mouth bilabiate, ciliate-dentate, perianth 2 cells thick except close
to the base where it is 3 cells and near the mouth where it is only
one cell.
Stem 5 cm. or more long, 0.25 mm. in diameter ; leaves 1.5 mm. long,
1.4 mm. wide; leaf-cells on edge of leaf 25 ms, in the middle 29 mw and at
EVANS: HEPATICZ COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 55
the base 53 x 29 mw; bracts of innermost row 1.5 mm. x 0.95 mm. and
1.7 mm. x 1.35 mm., perianth 4 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide.
Villarino Bay.
Plagiochila ansata is a species of wide distribution in southern regions,
having been reported also from the Falkland Islands and from New Zea-
land. The type specimens from the first of these localities agree closely
with the Fuegian plants; but, as the published descriptions and figures
of the species are somewhat inadequate, it has seemed advisable to de-
scribe and figure it anew. The description given above is drawn from
robust stems, particularly those bearing perianths; sterile stems and the
branches and innovations of fertile plants are sometimes much more
slender and bear scattered and smaller leaves. Even in the most slender
forms, however, the characteristic leaf-cells with their well-developed tri-
gones are retained. Judging from the description, the specimens doubt-
fully referred by Bescherelle and Massalongo to Plagiochila circinalis be-
long here. Herr Stephani has kindly sent me a specimen of the last-
named species from Australia; and, although it is certainly a near ally of
P. ansata, it differs from it in the following points: the plants are more
robust, the leaves are densely imbricated and their antical margins spread
out from the stem and are strongly revolute throughout nearly their whole
length, the leaf-cells are scarcely, if at all, elongated at the base, their tri-
gones are even more conspicuous, they are oval or circular in outline and
are very frequently confluent. |
45. PLAGIOCHILA BISPINOSA Lindenb. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 8: 326. 2.
i. f. 7-13. 1858.
Villarino Bay. (W. Magellan, Savatier.)
46. PLAGIOCHILA DURICAULIS Hook. f. & Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn.
Hep. 641. 1847.
Fungermannia duricaulis Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 458.
1844.
Fuegia. (W. Magellan, Savatier.)
47. PORELLA F@TENS (De Not.) Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci.
eulbe uml) Ace 40 fa tulO7 7,
Madotheca fotens De Not. Mem. Acc. Tor. II. 16: 231.777. 1855.
Villarino Bay.
56 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
48. RADULA FLAVIFOLIA Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 259. 1845.
Fungermannia flavifolia Hook. f. &. Tayl. Lond. Jour. Bot. 3: 476. 1844.
Fuegia.
49. SCHISTOCHILA GAYANA (Gottsche) var. MASSALONGOANA (Schiffn. &
Gottsche).
Gottschea gayana var. Massal. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 17: 205. AZ 72. f
DaemELOoS:
Gottschea gayana var. massalongoana Schiffn. & Gottsche, Lebermoose der
Forschungsreise S. M. S. “Gazelle,” 2. 1890.
Villarino Bay. (W. Magellan, Dusén.)
50. SCHISTOCHILA LAMELLATA (Hook.) Dum. Recueil d’obs. sur les
Jung. 15. 1835.
Fungermannia lamellata Hook. Musc. Exot. £7 4g. 1818.
Gottschea lamellata Nees in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 20. 1844.
Villarino Bay. (W. Magellan, Dusén.)
51. SCHISTOCHILA LAMINIGERA (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Evans, Contr. U. S.
Nat Her) lami laeLoos:
Fungermannia laminigera Hook. f. & Tayl. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 456.
1844.
Gottschea laminigera Tayl. in G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 623. 1846.
Fuegia. 7
52. TRICHOCOLEA TOMENTOSA (Swartz) Gottsche in G. & R. Hep. Eur.
xs nome 72:
Fungermannia tomentosa Swartz, Prod. Fl. Ind. occ. 145. 1788.
Fungermannia tomentella var. tomentosa Lindenb. Hep. Eur. 19. 1829.
Trichocolea tomentella var. tomentosa G. L. & N. Syn. Hep. 237. 1844.
Letomitra tomentosa Lindb. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10: 515. 1875.
Basichiton tomentosum Trevis. Mem. reale Ist. Lomb. di Sci. e Lett. III.
4: 394. 1877.
Fuegia. (By Savatier in W. Magellan.)
53. TYLIMANTHUS ANDERSSONII (Angstr.).
Pl. VI, Figs. 10-19.
Fungermannia tenella Angstr. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Fér-
hand. 29, Haft 4: 11. 1872. (Not Hook f. & Tayl.).
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTFD IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA. 57
Gymnanthe anderssonit Angstr. |. c. 33, Haft 4: 50. 1876.
Dioicous: growing in loose tufts or mixed with other hepaticz, pale or
whitish-green: plants consisting of a prostrate caudex giving rise to as-
cending or erect stems: caudex radiculose, usually bearing scattered rudi-
mentary leaves: stems without rhizoids or with a few scattered ones close
to the caudex, simple or sparingly branched, sometimes giving off radicu-
lose stolons from the lower part; stem-leaves distant and rudimentary
below, more or less imbricated and larger above, obliquely inserted, some-
what concave, obovate-orbicular from a narrowed base, antical margin de-
current, straight or slightly curved, entire, postical margin reaching nearly
to middle of stem, slightly or not at all decurrent, entire, sinuate, or with
a few scattered teeth, apex broad and variable, sometimes distinctly emar-
ginate-bilobed, with acute, obtuse or rounded lobes, sometimes. truncate,
entire or sparingly and irregularly dentate with blunt teeth; underleaves
wanting; leaf-cells thin-walled with small but distinct trigones, somewhat
elongated toward base, cuticle smooth: ¢ inflorescence terminal on short
ascending stems or elongated branches; bracts crowded, similar to the
leaves, but even more irregular in shape, sometimes unequally 2-lobed,
the innermost narrower and more delicate than the others and sometimes
more conspicuously toothed, sac tapering to a blunt point, radiculose: ¢
inflorescence borne in the course of ascending stems, bracts in about five
pairs, imbricated, strongly saccate below, but with spreading apices above,
broadly orbicular when explanate, truncate or emarginate-bifid, the post-
ical lobe being the larger.
Stems 1.5-3 cm. long, 0.35 mm. in diameter; leaves 1.7 mm. long, 1.85
mm. broad; leaf-cells at base 58 long, 29 u broad, in other parts of the
leaf 29 in diameter; outer perichztial bracts 1.9 mm. long and broad,
sac 2.7 mm. long, : mm. in diameter; perigonial bracts 1 mm. long, 1.45
mm. wide. The foregoing measurements may be considered representa-
tive of this very variable species.
Lapataia.
In its pale color and in the shape and areolation of its leaves, the pres-
ent plant strongly resembles Marsupidium urvilleanum, which is a more
robust species with its leaves more strongly dentate and inflexed on their
antical margins. As far as can be judged from descriptions, the two spe-
cies differ from each other in the position of the ¢ inflorescence and pen-
dant sac, necessitating their separation into distinct genera. In Marsupz-
58 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
dium urvilleanum, this sac is described by Mitten’ as ‘‘attached to the
lower part of the stem by its side” ; in the closely related (if not identical)
M. brecknockiense (Massal.) Besch. and Massal., its author? says: “ peri-
chetia ad ramorum basim et in ramulo brevissimo sublaterali radicante
posita’’; in the species described above, on the contrary, the sac is clearly
terminal on ascending stems or elongated branches, showing that the
plant is a 7y4manthus. The sac moreover has the same structure as that
ascribed to this genus—its wall is closely adherent to the calyptra and it
bears a cluster of unfertilized archegonia at its mouth. At my request
Professor Nathorst has kindly sent me some of the original specimens of
Gymnanthe anderssonii as determined by Angstrém. So far as can be de-
cided from sterile plants, these belong to the same species as Mr. Hatch-
er’s specimens, although in some of them the leaves are a little more
toothed.
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF PATAGONIAN HEPATICA.
The hepatice collected in the Magellan-region and in Fuegia by the
French Messzon Scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-1883, described by Bes-
cherelle and Massalongo, and those collected by Dusén in 1896, and de-
scribed by F. Stephani, contain the following species in addition to some
of the species in the Hatcher Collection.’
Adelanthus magellanicus (Ldbg.) Spruce. _. W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
A. unciformis (H. f. & Tayl.) Spr. W. Patagon.
Acolea concinnata Dum. S. Fuegia.
Alicularia spathulifolia Steph. W. Magellan, 200 m. above sea-level.
Anastrophyllum decurrens Steph. W. Magell.
A, involutifolium (Mont.). W. Magell.
A. longissimum Steph. W. Magell. ;
Aneura floribunda Steph. S. Patag.; W. Magell.; N. Fuegia.
A. fragilis Steph. W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
A. pallide-virens Steph. W. Magell.
A, pinnatifida Nees. S. Patagon.; S. Fuegia.
A, pulvinata Steph. W. Magell.
A. spectabilis Steph. W. Magell.; E. & S. Fuegia.
A. tenax Steph. W. Magell.
1 Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 754. 1867.
? Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 1'7: 214. 1885.
5 Miss. Scient. du Cap Horn. Tom V. Botanique, Paris, 1889, Hépatiques, pp. 201-252; Le-
bermoose der Magellanslander von F. Stephani, mit einer Einleitung von P. Dusén, Bihang till K.
Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar. 26. III. 17. Stockholm, Igo!.
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA.
Anthoceros gzamesoni Tayl.
Balantiopsis chilensis Steph.
Bazzania nove-zelandie (Mitten).
Lrachio-lejeunea spruceana Mass.
Cephalozia scabrella Mass.
C. stmulans Mass.
C. tabulata Hook. f. & Tayl.
Chiloscyphus coalitus (Hook.) Nees.
C. (?) grandifiorus Tayl. & H. f.
C. horizontals (Hook.) Nees.
C. integrifolus N. & N. L. & L.
C. (?) pallide-virens Tayl.
C. striatellus Mass.
C. valdiviensis Mont.
Diplophyllum densifolium Hook.
Frullania diplota Tay).
F. fertilis DeNot.
F, ptychantha Mont.
Gottschea gayana Gott.
G. lamellata (Hook.) Nees.
G. laminigera.
G. pachyla.
G. splachnophylla Tayl.
Isotachis anceps Mont.
I, bisbifida Steph.
I. madida Tayl.
I, quadriloba Steph.
I. spegazziniana Mass.
I, splendens Steph.
Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.).
J. grandiflora L. & G.
J. enops (L. & G.) Steph.
J. paludosa Steph.
Jungermannia cribrifola Tayl. & H. f.
J. parceformis Mass.
J. pigafettoana Mass.
J. quadripartita Hook.
J. schismoides Mont.
Leioscyphus abnormis Mass.
@quatus Tayl.
chiloscyphoides L. & L.
repens Mitt.
setistipus Steph.
surrepens (Tayl.).
turgescens (Tayl.).
ad Sk al ol
S. Fuegia, by Ushuaia.
W. Magell.
Magell., Desolation I.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Patagon.
Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
S. Patagon.; N. & S. Fuegia.
S. Patagon.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Patagon.
Magell.; W. Patagon.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; Fuegia.
Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; at 250 m. above sea-level.
W. Magell.
59
W. Magell. & S. Fuegia at 200 m. above sea.
W. Magell., at 200 m. above sea-level.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia. Alpine.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
Fuegia.
S. Patagon.
S. Patagon.; S. & W. Fuegia.
Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia. At elevations.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
E. & S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
60 PATAGONIAN
Lejeunia decurvicuspis Besch. & Mass.
L. fuegiana Besch. & Mass.
L. parasitica Tayl.
L. rufescens Ldbg.
L. subfenestrata Mass.
Leperomia ochroleuca (Spr.) Mitt.
Lepicolea quadrilaciniata Sull.
L. teres Steph.
Lepidolena hariotiana (Mass.) Steph.
L. magellanica (Lam.).
L. menziesi (Hook.).
Lepidozia blepharostoma Steph.
. capillaris (Swartz) Ldbg.
. capilligera (Schwaegr.) Ldbg.
. cordulifera DeNot.
. cupressina (Swartz.) Ldbg.
. oliogophylla L. & L.
L. plumulosa L. & L.
L. saddlensis Mass.
L. seriatitexta Steph.
L. setiformis DeNot.
Lophocolea austrigena Tayl.
L. boveana Mass.
L. concava Steph.
L. cookiana Mass.
L. divergenticilata Steph.
L. fulvella (Steph.).
L. fuscovirens (Tayl.).
L. gayana (Mont.).
. gottschecoides Mass.
. hunufusa Tayl.
. humilis Hook. & Tayl.
. wregularis Steph.
. lacerata Steph.
. muricata (?) Nees.
eS) Seis i.
. obvoluteformis Mass.
. otiphylla (Tayl.).
. palustris (Tay]l.).
. purpucilla Tayl.
spegazziniana Mass,
. textilis Tayl.
. trachyopa Tayl.
. trisertata Steph.
L. vascularis Nees.
es Bek Ye PJ 9p a lJ nd WT
mS
. nove-zelandie (Lind. & Leh.) Nees.
EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
W. Patagon.
S. Fuegia.
W. Patagon.
Magell.
Fuegia.
W. Patagon.
E. & S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia, by Ushuaia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W.. Magell.
W. Patagon.
S. Fuegia.
S. Patagon.; S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; Fuegia.
W. Magell. & S. Fueg., at 600 m. elevation.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
- W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
Magellan ; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. & S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
S. Patagon.; E. & S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Patagon.
Fuegia.
Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; E. & S. Fuegia.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.; E. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
EVANS: HEPATICA? COLLECTED IN SOUTHERN PATAGONIA.
L. virens Tayl.
Madotheca subsquarrosa N. & M.
Marchantia cephaloscypha Steph.
M. tabularis Nees.
Marsupella kerguelensis Schffn.
Marsupidium crystalium Mass.
Mastigobryum perurvianum Nees.
Mastigophora antarctica Steph.
Metzgeria angusta Steph.
M. dusenit Steph.
M. furcata (L.) Ldbg.
M. glaberrima Steph.
M. hamata Ldbg.
M. pubescens Raddi.
Noteroclada confluens Tayl.
Plagiochila ambusta Mass.
P. angulata Steph.
P. circinalis (Lehm.) Ldbg.
P. dura DeNot.
P. fagicola Schffn.
P. fuegiensis (Mass.).
P. heteromalla L. & L.
P. jirta Tayl.
P. hyadesiana Mass.
P. jacquinotu Mont.
P. patagonica Besch. & Mass.
P. lechleri Gottsche.
P. neesiana Ldbg.
P. obcuneata Steph.
P. savatierana Besch. & Mass.
P. subpectinata Besch. & Mass.
P. uncialis H. f. & Tayl.
P. rectangulata Step.
P. remotidens Steph.
P. robusta Steph.
Radula hex Tay.
R. intempestiva Gottsche.
R. plicata Mitt.
R. plumosa Mitt.
R. punctata Steph.
R. striata Mitt.
Reboulia hemispherica ? (L.) Reddi.
Riccardia eriocaula (Hook.).
R. fuegiensis Mass.
R. prehensilis (Tayl. & Hk. f.).
S. Patagon.; W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
Magell.
S. Patagon., S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia, 600 m. above sea-level.
W. Patagon.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
S. Patagon.; N. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia. On stems of trees.
S. Fuegia.
S. Fuegia.
Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Patagon.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
Fueg.
W. Patagon.; W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
Magellan.
W. Magell.; W. Patagon.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.
S. & W. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
In S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Patagon.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
W. Patagon.
61
62 PATAGONIAN
R. pinguis (L.) Gray.
R. spegazziniana Mass.
R. spinulifera Mass.
Scapania antarctica Steph.
Schisma chilensis De Not.
Schistocheila cunninghamu Steph.
S. pachyla Tayl.
S. planifola Steph.
S. spegazziniana (Mass.).
S. splachnophyllum (Tayl.).
Strepsilejeunia warnstorffii Steph.
Symphyogyna crassifrons Sull.
Trichocolea verticillata Steph.
Tylimanthus brecknockiensis Steph.
T. crystallinus (Mass.) Steph.
T. integrifolius Steph.
EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Fuegia.
W. Magell.
W. Magell.
S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
Magell.; S. Fuegia.
W. Magell.
Magell.
Magell.
. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
Magell.
Magell.; S. Fuegia.
. Magell.; S. Fuegia.
Magell.
Magell.
. Magell., alpine.
ZHSRS5525
eos cah ANE
PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES.
BY
P. DUSEN.
HE mosses collected by Mr. J. B. Hatcher in South America in the
years 1896 and 1897 are mostly from the district around the
sources of the Rio Chico-(in about 48° S. L.) on the eastern slope
of the Patagonian Cordillera. Some were collected in the vicinity of
Punta Arenas on the north side of the Straits of Magellan, others in the
southern part of Tierra del Fuego, at Ushuaia, Lapataia and Villarino;
but from the Patagonian east coast there is only one species, though a
new one, Hypuum perplicatum. In not a few cases no particulars are
given of habitations and conditions, under which the different species are
living.
This collection, though not a very comprehensive one, is of great
interest, partly because it was brought together from a district, the Rio
Chico territory, which has been very seldom visited by naturalists and
from which, as far as I am aware, no bryological collections were previ-
ously derived. Altogether the Hatcherian mosses number 71 species, of
which no less than 24 are entirely new to science.
Long ago C. Miiller Hal. pointed out the striking similarity existing
between the moss-vegetation of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego on the
one side, and that of Kerguelen Island, Tasmania, Auckland Island,
Campbell Island, New Zealand and Australia on the other. The districts
enumerated not only exhibit species of a very close affinity, but even
many identical species, a fact which is well confirmed by Hatcher’s col-
lection, although it scarcely contains one third of the number of mosses
from the Fuegian territory, that are known to me. The following
Hatcherian species, not counting such as should be considered cosmopoli-
tan, are common to all or some of the above districts, namely: Decvanum
billardiert Schwaegr., Dicranum robustum Hook. fil. et Wils., Campylo-
pus tmtroflexus (Hedw.) Mitt., Polytvichadelphus magellanicus (L.) Mitt.,
63
64 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Catagonium politum (Hook. et Wils.) C. Miill., Racomitrium lanugmo-
sum (Hedw.) Brid., Rizzogoniwum mntordes (Hook.) Sch., and R. subbase-
lave (Hook.) Sch., Bryum bimum Schreb., Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.)
Sch., Webera cruda (L.) Schwaegr., Destechium capillaceum (L.) Br. Eur.,
Aulacomnium palustre (L.) Schwaegr., Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich.,
Lepyrodon lagurus (Hook.) Mitt. and L. zmplexus (Kze.) Par., and Brachy-
thecitum paradoxum (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Besch.
Apart from new species, nearly one third of Hatcher’s mosses are also
found outside of the district now in question, in other temperate parts of
the southern hemisphere.
The affinity above alluded to likewise exists between the moss vegeta-
tion of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and that of the temperate dis-
tricts of the northern hemisphere, although the number of common species
in this case is not so large as in the other. The following Hatcherian
mosses belong also to the temperate zone north of the equator, namely:
Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Mitt. Rhacomitrium lanuginosum
(Hedw.) Brid., Brywam bimum Schreb., Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.)
Sch., Webera cruda (L.) Schwaegr., Déstichium capillaceum (L.) Br.
Eur., 4ulacomnium palustre (L.) Schwaegr., and Orthotrichum rupestre
Schleich., the two last named being now for the first time reported as
natives of Patagonia.
On the other hand, there are not a few species missing, which one
would @ pvzorz except to find in this collection. Many genera and even
families, having numerous representatives in the coast districts of Pata-
gonia and the more humid parts of Tierra del Fuego, are either wanting
altogether or at the most very scantily represented. The genus 4zdvecea,
for instance, which shows a large number of species within the former sec-
tions has none at all here, this likewise applying to Hyfopterygium, Breutelia
and Ptychomnium , the family of Hlookerzacee has not a single representa-
tive. Sparingly represented are the genera UWVofa, Dicranum and Cam-
pylopus, which are elsewhere very rich in species. That so many species
characteristic of the region in question and commonly spread at least
within its more humid parts, should be wanting in the Hatcher collection,
might be explained by the fact of its having been brought together partly
at least from a comparatively dry section of the eastern slope of the Cor-
dillera. Thus it is that Hatcher’s mosses scarcely even hint at a very
interesting feature of the West-Patagonian and Fuegian moss-vegetation,
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND: FUEGIAN MOSSES. | 65
which has been already accentuated by C. Miiller (Hal.), viz: that several
genera which, as a rule, are confined to tropical and subtropical regions,
are represented here by not a few species. //yoflerygium, for instance,
displays three species, Pedofrichella two, Cryphea, Dendrocryphea, Dal-
fonta and Hookerta one each, and Fterygophylum, Mniadelphus and
Macromitrium several species. Of Hatcher's mosses only two represent
tropical types, MWacromitrium bifasciculare n. sp. and Macromitrium tenax
C. Miill. These tropical representatives are almost exclusively to be
found in the most westerly part of our district. They follow the coast
and reach comparatively high latitudes; a few even extend to Cape Horn.
The explanation of this, I think, is to seek in the mild climate of the
western coast region.
The occurrence of tropical types within our district, as is well known, is
not limited to the mosses exclusively, but also includes the phanerogamic
plants. The affinity spoken of above between the moss-vegetation of our
territory and that of Kerguelen Island, New Zealand and Australia is not
an exceptional feature, but also prevails among the phanerogamic flora of
the several districts, even though it is less marked there than in the mosses.
SPHAGNALES.
Fam. SpHAGNACEA.
Gen. SPHAGNUM Dill.
SPHAGNUM FIMBRIATUM Wils. var. ROBUSTUM Braithw.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
SPHAGNUM MEDIUM Limpr. var. FUSCO-RUBELLUM Warnst.
f. BRACHYDASYCLADA Warnst.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
BRYALES.
ACROCARPINE A.
Fam. DicraANace&.
Subfam. D/CRANELLEA.
Gen. ANISOTHECIUM Mitt.
66 : PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ANISOTHECIUM PERPUSILLUM Dusén n. sp.
PLS aie re
Dioicum; dense cespitosum, czespitibus paulum coheerentibus, lutes-
cente viridibus, haud nitidis; cawd/s gracilis, erectus, plerumque strictus,
simplex vel superne innovando ramulosus, usque ad 2.5 cm. altus, e basi
ad medium plus minusque dense rufo-tomentosus, /o/a densiuscule con-
Ime, it.
a é
Anisothectum perpusillum Dusén. a, folium a latere visum, 32; 4, folium planefactum, 32; ¢,
cellule apicales, 29°; d, cellulz basales, 29°; ¢, capsula operculata humiditate, 18.
ferta, rigida, usque ad 1.8 mm. longa et basi (haud planefacta) c. 0.4 mm.
lata, e basi erecta patentia, siccitate superne incurvata, humiditate stricta,
e basi amplexicauli lata brevique et sursum sublatiori raptim contracta et
subulate attenuata, canaliculata, marginibus erectis, integerrimis; mevvo
valido, basi c. 0.09 mm. crasso, concolori, cum apice desinente; ce//ule
flavo-virides, pellucidze, firmze, basales rectangulze, ceterze subquadrate ;
bractee perichetit folis caulinis similes, sed majores, cellulis aureo-brun-
neis; se/a erecta, stricta, siccitate dextrorsum torta, sat robusta, usque ad
1 cm. alta, straminea, zetate brunnea; //eca erecta, stricta, paullum asym-
metrica, humiditate breviter ovalis, siccitate breviter subcylindrica, pachy-
derma, levissima, brunnea, macrostoma, ore subobliquo; denies peristomi
lanceolati, circiter a medio in cruribus binis fissi, rarissime integri et per-
forati, superne hyalini et lzevissimi (?) ceterum flavi et papillosi, papillis
longitudinaliter seriatis; oferculum conicum, oblique rostratum, rostro
crasso, theca breviori.
Planta mascula pusilla, c. 5 mm. alta, simplex vel apice plerumque
innovationem unicam emittens, foliis ut in planta fem.; flos terminalis
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 67
vel ob innovationem pseudolateralis, gemmaceus; bracteze e basi lata
ovalique sat subito contracta, longe capillari-attenuate; paraphyses
numerosi, filiformes, flavi.
Hab. Patagonia australis, ubi species verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
Allied to Antsothecium rufipes (C. Mill.) ; differing from that species
by the much broader basal part of its leaves, being shorter subulate and
quite entire (not crenulate); by the absence of apophysis, and by its
much shorter rostrate lid.
Subfam. D/CRANEA?.
Gen. DICRANOWEISIA Lindl.
DICRANOWEISIA PERPULVINATA Dusen n. sp.
Pl. VII, Figs. 3, 4.
Autoica, densissime pulvinatim czespitosa, caespitibus usque ad 6 cm.
latis, lutescente viridibus, inferne fuscis; caz/zs sat dense ramosus, apice
innovando ramulosus, usque ad 1.5 cm. altus, infima basi solummodo
radiculosis; fofa sicca crispata, humida stricta vel leviter curvata, sub-
erecta, e basi amplexicauli, subdecurrente et fere lineari subulate elongata,
usque ad 3.6 mm. longa, canaliculata, integerrima, zevvo basi 0.05 mm.
crasso, infra summum apicem desinente; ce//u/e@ basales elongate rectan-
gule, alares paucee, ample, quadratze vel subquadrate, omnino hyaline,
ETGae2s
a b c ad
Dicranoweisia perpulvinata Dusén. a, 6, folia, 48; ¢, capsula vetusta humiditate, 18; d@, capsula
calyptrata humiditate, 18.
ceteree rotundate quadratz, 0.008-0.010 mm. magne, vel papillosz, pari-
etibus incrassatis ; bvactee perichethi exteriores foliis caulinis similes, inte-
68 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
riores erectz, convolutz, apice cito contractz, breviter acutate, nervo
infra apicem evanido, cellulis anguste elongatis, parietibus valde incras-
satis, apicalibus ceteris multo brevioribus; se/a erecta stricta c. 1 cm. alta,
siccitate sinistrorsum torta, flavo-brunnea; ¢/eca oblongo-ovalis, c. 1.8
mm. longa et 0.6 mm. crassa, pallide brunnea, leptoderma macrostoma,
siccitate longitudinaliter subrugosa; aznelus nullus; dentes peristomi 16,
subulati, c. 0.163 mm. alti et basi 0.03 mm. lati, remote trabeculati, tra-
beculis c. 7 sat crassis, inferne aurantiaci et laevissimi, superne pallidiores,
fere hyalini et minutissime papillosi, apice haud fissi; ofercu/wm conicum,
oblique rostratum, rostro theca subaequilongo; sfor@e 0.016—-0.020 mm.
magne, lavissime.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Closely resembling Decranowersta crispula (Hedw.) Lindb. and nearly
allied to that species, scarcely differing save in its peristome, the teeth of
which are shorter and more slender than in the aforenamed species. It is
also remotely trabeculated and papillose only in its upper part, sometimes
nearly quite glabrous.
From Decranowetsia austro-crispula (C. Miill.) Par. it differs, to judge
from the diagnosis, by its shorter and oval capsule and its shorter and
more rigid leaves.
Nearly related also to Decranowetsta antarctica (C. Mill.) Par., differ-
ing from that species by the middle and upper round-quadrate cells of its
leaves.
Gen. DICRANUM Hedw.
DICRANUM BILLARDIERI Schwaegr.
Hab. Fuegia australis.
DICRANUM NIGRICAULE Aongstr.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
DICRANUM ROBUSTUM Hook. fil. et Wils.
Hab. Fuegia australis.
| DICRANUM AUSTRALE Besch.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
DICRANUM LEUCAPTERUM C. Miill.
Hab. Fuegia australis.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 69
DICRANUM CIRRHIFOLIUM Schpr. in herb.
Pl. VII, Figs. 5-7.
Dioicum, subintertexte czespitosum, czespitibus expansis, haud nitidis,
superne viridibus vel lutescente-viridibus, ceterum ferrugineis; caulis
plerumque erectus, strictus, omnino 6—7 cm. interdum usque ad 10 cm.
Bic? 3.
a c af
: See; : F : a ; sali ii 18:
Dicranum cirrhifolium Schpr. in herb. a, folium (basi defecta), 4%; 4, pars basalis folii, 48; c¢,
. wie ne s ; j ree ae idi-
sectiones folii, 32; d, apex folii, 142 ; é, pars superior marginalis folii, 142 ; /, theca calyptrata Bees
tate, 18; y, theca deoperculata humiditate, 18; 2, pars suprema capsule deoperculatze siccitate, “y°.
70 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
altus, simplex vel parce furcatus, summitate innovando ramulosus, rigidus,
robustus, fere usque ad apicem ferrugineo-tomentosus ; /o/a densa, sicci-
tate suberecta, suprema interdum subuncinata, flexuosa vel plerumque
cirrhata, medio apiceque plana, humiditate e basi erecta patentia, stricta
vel leviter arcuate recurvata, vix decurrentia, excavate subauriculata,
auriculis in tomento occultis, e basi lata, oblonga, amplexicauli raptim
contracta, longissime capillari-attenuata, usque ad 11 mm. longa et basi
1 mm. lata, canaliculata, superne interdum subconvoluta, marginibus basi
medioque integerrimis, apicem versus serrulatis, summitate serratis, 2ervo
valido, dilatato haud bene limitato, basi c. 0.54 mm. lato, longe infra me-
dium folii laminam totam occupante, dorso dense papilloso-scabro ; ce//ule
pallide virides, pellucide, angustz, elongate, parietibus interrupte et
mediocriter incrassatis, alares numerosz, distincte limitatz, nervum at-
tingentes, breviter rectangulz, hyalinz vel omnino pallide aureo-brunnez ;
bractee pericheti foliis caulinis multo breviores, erecte, cylindraceo-con-
volute, superne raptim contract, cuspidate, anguste nervosz, nervo ex-
currente, cuspidem formante, cellulis angustis, elongatis, laevissimis; se/@
singulz binzeve, erectze, strictae tenues, 2-3 cm. alte, flavo-brunnez ; ¢heca
cylindrica, erecta, stricta, c. 3 mm. longa et 0.7 mm. crassa, olivacea,
leevissima, etate avellanea et haud rare plus minusque sulcata, siccitate
paulum sub ore constricta; denfes peristomi rubri, 0.5 mm. alti et basi
0.075 mm. lati, longe infra medium in cruribus binis, rarissime ternis,
filiformibus fissi, superne nodulosi, papilloso-scabri, inferne longitudinaliter
denseque papilloso-striati, papillis minutissimis, lamellis 6-9, validis;
operculum convexe conicum, subulate rostratum, rostro theca zquilongo
vel longiori, maturitate curvato; cetera ignota. Hab. Patagonia australis
in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico, ubi ad basin /Vothofagi pumtlionts
(Poepp. et Endl.) Blume, occurrit.
An excellent species, most nearly allied to D. daticostatum Card., differ-
ing from that species in its shorter stem, in the dry state its curled leaves,
straight capsule, etc.
DICRANUM SCABERRIMUM Dus.
Pl. VIII, Fig. r.
Syn. Campylopus scaberrimus Broth. in sched.
Dense czespitosum, sordide flavum, fere longitudine tota dense ferru-
gineo-tomentosum, usque ad 1 dm. altum; caz/zs strictus, erectus, sim-
a
DUSEN:
PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES.
Fic. 4.
290 5 e, cellule alares, 29° ; f, cellule superiores folii.
SS Sa
——
=
(EN
Ss =>
as
SS OSS
Ca
—S
DIES
WS
; 1,
SE
——
OPS
ee eet
é
=
—
—S>
S25
Wy,
8!
(ei)
Dicranum scaberrimum Dus. a, folium, 18; 4, secto folio, 182; ¢, apex folii, 24°; d, cellule basales
72 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
plex vel superne furcatus vel raro in ramulos paucos erectos divisus ;
folia sicca erecta, apice plus minusque arcuata vel rarissime subflexuosa,
comalia sezepe subuncinata, humida erecta, fere stricta, usque ad 15 mm.
longa et basi (planefacta) 2 mm. lata, linearilanceolata, haud auriculata,
sensim longe subulate attenuata, subdecurrentia, marginibus apice sparsim
serrulatis, ceterum integerrimis, costa latissima, depressa, basi 0.45—0.50
mm. lata, subulam totam occupante, dorso dense papillosa; ce//u/e alares
haud inflate, aureo-flave, indistincte limitatee, subrectangulz, cellulis
basalibus paulo breviores, parietibus zequaliter subincrassatis; cellulze
basales subrectangulares, parietibus interrupte valdé incrassatis ; saperiores
subovales, rotundate quadratz vel rotundate rectangulares; sarginales
angustz, lineares; cetera ignota.
Dr. V. F. Brotherus has had the kindness to send me a specimen of a
moss, collected many years ago by Cunningham in the surroundings of
Sandy Point (Punta Arenas) on the Straits of Magellan. This plant,
agreeing exactly with the one above described, was determined as Campy-
lopus scaberrimus n. sp. According to my opinion it is, however, more
correct to refer it to the genus Decranum than to the genus Campylopus.
It contains, however, only a single character, which shows the place of the
plant to be amongst the Dicrana, namely the structure of the nerve. A
transverse section of the leaves a little above their base shows the nerve
to be composed of a middle row of wide cells, enclosed by some few rows
of very small ones, as is the case with Decranum orthocomum (Besch.) C.
Miill., which also was previously placed in the genus Campylopus.
Dr. Brotherus, as well as myself, having taken notice of the prelimi-
nary report of the mosses, brought home by the Belgian Antarctic Expedi-
tion and published by Dr. J. Cardot in ‘‘Revue Bryologique,” 1900, sup-
posed the Decranum scaberrimum to be identical with the Decranum
laticostatum Card. This supposition, however, proved incorrect. Having
received the accurate description of the above-mentioned antarctic mosses,
given by Cardot in the scientific report of the Belgian Antarctic Expedi-
tion, it was found at once that the two mosses in question are not iden-
tical, and that the Dicranum scaberrimum was an undescribed species.
It shows some characters of Dicranum laticostatum Card. as the broad,
depressed nerve, being papillous on the dorsal side. It clearly differs,
however, from that species in its longer and more robust stem, being
also tomentose more densely and higher up, in its larger and erect
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 73
Fic. 5.
a dad
Dicranum dicranellatum Dusén. a, folium, 18 ; 4, bracteze perichetii, 48; c, capsula operculata
humiditate, 48; d, flos masculus, 48.
74 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
leaves and in its uninflated and scarcely distinct alar cells. From Dz-
cranum vigens Besch. it is distinguished by its papillous nerve and its
alar cells. It appears to stand nearest to Decranum orthocomum (Besch.)
C. Miill., but differs from that species in its more robust stem which is
nearly in its whole length densely tomentose, and in its much longer and
more erect leaves, being all papillous on the dorsal side of the nerve.
DICRANUM DICRANELLATUM Dusen n. sp.
PIAV ILL Figs2 753.
Autoicum ; dense vel interdum laxe czespitosum, czespitibus plerumque
parvis, humilibus, lutescente viridibus, vel nitidis, inferne ferrugineis ;
caults erectus vel adscendens, 2-3 cm. altus, simplex vel basi pauci-ra-
mosus, summitate brevissime ramulosus, gracilis, fere ad apicem ferru-
gineo-tomentosus ; /o/a densa, siccitate suberecta, strictiuscula vel plus
minusve arcuata, suprema interdum subuncinata, humiditate patentia,
strictiuscula vel leviter recurvata, e basi lineari-oblonga sensim longe
capillari-attenuata, usque ad 10 mm. longa et basi 0.45 mm. lata, canali-
culata, marginibus integerrimis vel apice solummodo serrulatis, servo
valido, lavissimo, basi c. 0.2 mm. lato, totam partem supremam folii oc-
cupante ; ce//u/e basales elongate, parietibus interrupte incrassatis, ceterae
ovales vel rotundatz, alares ample, subquadratz vel breviter subrec-
tangulz, distincte limitate, nervum attingentes, aureo-brunnez ; bractee
pericheti erectz, cylindraceo-convolute, superne raptim contract et
capillari-attenuate, tenuiter nervosze, nervo percurrente, cuspidem for-
mante, cellulis elongatis, parietibus interrupte incrassatis; se/a erecta,
stricta, tenuis, 2—2.5 cm. alta, flavidula; ¢/eca cylindrica, stricta, lzevis-
sima, Olivacea, vetusta pallide brunnea, c. 2 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. diam.,
siccitate sub ore paulum constricta; Aeristomi dentes rubri, 0.5 mm. alti
et basi 0.06 mm. lati, ultra medium in cruribus binis fissis, superne sub-
nodulari- et papilloso-scabri, inferne obsolete plicato-striati, lamellis c. 10,
validis ; ofercu/um conicum, oblique rostratum, rostro theca fere acqui-
longo; cetera ignota.
Flores masculi paulum infra florem fem. dispositi, gemmiformes, in
tomento occulti; folia perigonalia e basi concava, suborbiculari longe
capillari-attenuata.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
Near to Dicranum macropus Kze. but differing by its completely gla-
brous leaf-nerve and its erect capsule.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 75
puloyevenie (OPIS OEM A ae
Gene OrPRIGH WM. Timm.
DITRICHUM HYALINUM (Mitt.) Par.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico, ubi ad
basin /Vothofagt pumelionis ( Poepp. et Endl.) Blume occurrit.
Gen» DIs TIGHIUM Br: Eur:
DISTICHIUM CAPILLACEUM (L.) Br. Eur.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
terra; Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
Fam. Pottiace.
Sib Eka SOW AIG Uy! zip
Gen. POTTIA Ehrh.
POTTIA SPEGAZZINIANA C, Mill.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
tetra.
Gen. BARBULA Hedw.
BARBULA FLAGELLARIS Schpr.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
truncis et ad basin arborum.
BARBULA FUEGIANA Mitt.
Hab. Fuegia australis.
BARBULA PERRUBIGINOSA Dusén, n. sp.
Pl. VIII, Fig. 4.
Synoica,; densiuscula czespitosa, caespitibus sat expansis, summitate
sordido-viridibus, ceterum rubiginosis; caw//s robustus, usque ad 5 cm.
altus, dimidio inferiore vel longitudine tota ruforadiculosus, erectus,
strictus, plus minusque vel interdum fasciculatim ramosus, apice inno-
vando ramulosus; fofa usque ad 5 mm. longa et (deplanata) 0.9 mm.
76 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
lata, sicca suberecta, conduplicata, marginibus reflexis, plerumque incur-
vata, suprema etiam subcontorta humida patentia, suprema arcuate reflexa, e
basi amplexicauli, haud decurrente linearia, canaliculata, marginibus papil-
loso-erosulis, e basi ad medium vel altius reflexis; ervo rubro, 0.1 mm.
lato, dorso pracipue basin versus minute papilloso-scabro, excurrente,
aristam rectam, leviter denticulatam vel subglabram formante; ced/ule
basales elongate, rectangule, hyalinz, levissimze, ceterze minutissime, c.
0.011 mm. magne, omnino subrotundate quadratze, obscuree, minutissime
denseque papillosze, parietibus incrassatis ; dractee perichetit foliis caulinis
EIGwos
x
O
a b
Barbula perrubiginosa Dusén. a, folium, 48; 4, folium planefactum, 48; ¢, apex folii, 45; d, sec-
tiones folii, 32; ¢, theca humiditate, 48.
é
similes. Se/ac. 1 cm. alta; stricta, purpurea, lzevissima, nitida, sinistror-
sum torta; ¢/eca cylindrica, subcurvata, atropurpurea, c. 5 mm. longa et
0.6 mm. crassa, siccitate nitida leviterque rugosa; azmzlus simplex; ferz-
stomium c. 1.9 mm. altum, tubulosum, tubo 0.63 mm. alto, inferne albes-
cente, superne purpureo, ubique minutissime et densissime papilloso,
indistincte tessellato, cruribus filiformibus, liberis, basi vix binatis, 0.013
mm. crassis, purpureis, fere bis contortis, densissime papillosis; ofercu-
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. ois |
Jum alte conicum, breviter apiculatum; sfore olivacee, levissime, c. 0.08
mm. magne; paraphyses numerosi, aurei, sursum sensim dilatata, cellula
conica vel hemispheerica terminata.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
truncis ramisque arborum.
Closely related to Barbula conotricha Mull.; differing from that species
in its more robust stem, in the nerve of the lower part of the leaves being
usually papillous on the dorsal side, in its smaller leaf-cells and its non-
cohering peristomial branches.
Fam. GriMMIAcEz.
Gen. GRIMMIA_ Ehrh.
GRIMMIA FALLAX Dusén n. sp.
Pl. VIII, Figs. 520)
Autoica, latiuscule pulvinatim czespitosa, czespitibus summitate flavid-
ulis, ceter'um atro-brunneis; caw/zs usque ad 2.5 cm. longus, gracilis, rig-
idus, iterum iterumque dichotome et fastigiatim ramosus; /o/za sicca ap-
Fic. 7.
a b c a e
Grimmia fallax Dusén. a, folia, 48; 4, apex folii, 87; c, d, bractee perichetii, 48; e, capsula
vetusta humiditate, 48; f, cellule apicales folii, 22°; g, Se ie basales, 29°,
1
pressa, madefacta primo reflectentia, deinde recurvate patentia, e basi
amplexicauli, haud decurrente, fere lineari oblongo-lanceolata, usque ad
2 mm. longa et 0.45 mm. lata, medio et superne carinata, omnino su-
prema tantum apice hyalino sat brevi complanato, denticulato, plus minus-
que decurrente ornata, marginibus integerrimis, usque ad apicem reflexis,
nervo basi 0.06 mm. crasso, rubro percurrente; ce//u/@ basales rectangule,
78 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
parietibus strictis, paulum incrassatis, ceteree omnino quadratz, c. 0.008
mm. magne, parietibus incrassatis subflexuosis, marginales superne saltem
bistratose; dvactee pericheti foliis caulinis multo majores, flavo-virides,
erectze, subconvolutz, apice hyalino longiore przeditz, cellulis in dimidio
inferiore bractearum rectangulis, subpellucidis, ceterum foliis caulinis sim-
ilibus; se¢a brevissima, 0.2-0.35 mm. alta; /Zeca brunnea, breviter urna-
cea, c. 1.1 mm. longa et 0.9 mm. crassa, macrostoma, pachyderma; ce/-
lule exothecw paulum incrassate, marginales parve, 2—3-seriate, trans-
versaliter rotundate subrectangulz, ceterae omnino rotundate rectangule,
rotundate quadratis vel subrotundis mixte; erestomi dentes aurantiaci,
late lanceolati, c. 0.4 mm. alti et 0.14 mm. lati, subobtusi vel acuti, medio
et superne hic illic longitudinaliter perforati, interdum apice paulum fissi,
dense papillosi graciliterque trabeculati; oferculum convexum, rostro
brevi, crasso, obliquo coronatum; sfore c. 0.013 mm. magne, pallide
brunnez, lavissimz.
Hab. Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali fluminis
Rio Chico in saxis lecta est.
Closely allied to Grimmia apocarpa (L.) Hedw., differing in the leaves
having narrower basal part, smooth basal cells and shorter broader and
complanate apex, in the shorter and broader capsule, in the peristomial
teeth being broader in their upper part and usually obtuse, and in the
less regular cells of the exothecium.
GRIMMIA MACROPULVINATA Dusén n. sp.
PLO VIL isn7:
Autoica, dense pulvinatim czespitosa, czespitibus griseoviridibus, usque
ad 5 cm. diam., humilibus; caw/zs vix 1 cm. altus, simplex vel dichotome
ramosus, haud raro fasciculatim ramulosus, infima basi tantum radicu-
losus; fo#a densiuscula, usque ad 1.5 mm. longa et 0.4 mm. lata, siccitate
appressa, Stricta, Suprema interdum subspiraliter torta, humiditate patula
strictaque, e basi sublineari vel subovali lanceolate elongata, sensim in
pilo hyalino, remote denticulato, folio multo breviore, stricte vel interdum
subflexuoso producta, canaliculata, apicem versus carinata, marginibus
integerrimis, haud reflexis; evvo basi c. 0.04 mm. crasso, apicem versus
tantum dorso paulum prominente exarata; ce//ule basales pellucide, vix
pachydermatice, juxta nervum site rectangulz, juxta marginem site
quadratze, ceteree omnino quadratz, c. 0.008 mm. magne, chlorophyllose,
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 79
obscure, parietibus incrassatis; dractee pericheti erectz, convolute, foliis
caulinis fere duplo majores et multo longius hyalino-cuspidatze, cellulis
dimidii inferioris bractearum rectangulis, pellucidis, ceterum foliis caulinis
similes; se/a stricta vel apice subflexuosa, siccitate dextrorsum torta, c.
1.45 mm. alta; ¢/eca ovalis, c. 1 mm. longa et 0.7 mm. crassa, leptoderma,
olivacea, vetusta pallide brunnea, erecta, bracteas vix vel paulum superans
siccitate irregulariter subsulcata; Aevzstomzum rubrum, dentibus siccitate
subreflexis, c. 0.22 mm. altis et 0.06 mm. latis, late lanceolatis, apice
:
:
a b FF g
Grimmia macropulvinata Dusén. a, 0, folia, 485; c, cellule apicales, 22°; d, cellule basales, 29° ;
e, gemme, 20°; f, apex bractez, 45; g, theca vetusta humiditate, 18; 4, capsula calyptrata humidi-
tate, 18.
Dies $3),
2-4-fissis, trabeculatis, dense papillosis; ofercu/um humiliter conicum,
haud rostratum; sfore 0.010-0.013 mm. magne, lzvissime.
Flores fem. paraphysibus hyalinis, filamentosis, paucis praediti.
Hab. Patagonia australis, ubi species verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico in saxis lecta est.
Resembling Gramma pulvinata but growing in much larger tufts and
well distinguished from that species by the erostrate operculum. Nearly
allied also to G. humilis Mitt., to judge by the diagnosis, but differing
by its upper usually quadrate cells.
Gen. RHACOMITRIUM Brid.
RHACOMITRIUM LANUGINOSUM (Hedw.) Brid.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
rupibus.
80 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
RHACOMITRIUM LA&VIGATUM (Mitt.) Jaeg.
Hab. speciei; Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
Fam. OrTHOTRICHACE.
Gen. ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw.
ORTHOTRICHUM MACLOSKII Dusén n. sp.
Pl. VIII, Figs. 8-11.
Autoicum, cryptostomaticum, dense czspitosum, humillimum, flavo-
viride; caulis erectus, usque ad 8 mm. altus, fere usque ad apicem rufo-
radiculosus ; fo/va lineari-lanceolata, siccitate suberecta, stricta, humiditate
Fic. 9.
a éb
Orthotrichum macloskit Dusén. a, folium, 48; 4, apex folii, 4°; ¢, cellule apicales, 29°; d, cellule
basales, 22° ; e, capsula humiditate, 18; 4, cryptostoma, 87.
e basi erecta patentia, usque ad 2.7 mm. longa et 0.5-0.6 mm. lata,
superne saltem carinata, marginibus reflexis, papilloso-erosulis, carinate
nervosa, zervo basi 0.06 mm. crasso, in apicem vix excurrente ; ce//ule
basales rectangulz, parietibus vix incrassatis, laevissimis, medianz rotun-
date subquadratz, apicales rotundate, 0.010-0.014 mm. magne, parieti-
bus incrassatis et valde papillosis; dvactee, pericheti foliis caulinis
similes, sed paulum majores; se/a brevissima, c. 2 mm. longa et 0.14
mm. crassa; ¢#eca humiditate ovalis, lavissima, siccitate fere cylindrica,
profunde 8-sulcata, 1.5-1.8 mm. longa et 0.6 mm. crassa, plerumque
bracteas sat longe superans, flavo-viridis, subnitens, ztate pallide brun-
nea; Jeristomium pallide flavum, externum dentibus 8, bigeminatis, c.
0.25 mm. altis et 0.12 mm. latis, integris, obtusis, dense minutissime
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. SI
papillosis, siccitate reflexis, ad thecam appressis, zfernum et dentibus
perfectis 8 et dentibus rudimentariis totidem preeditum, his filiformibus:
dentibus peristomii externi paulum brevioribus, laxe nodulosis, levis-
simis, basi dilatatis, siccitate arcuatim inflexis, illis humillimis ; sesdvana .
basilar’ brevissima; oferculum paulum convexum, pallide flavum, mar-
gine aurantiaco, rostro brevi, crasso, subobliquo, rotundate obtuso cor-
onatum ; calyfira sulcata, glaberrima, aureo-nitens, oblongo-campanulata ;
spor@ 0.016—0.020 mm. magne, papillosz.
Flos masc. gemmiformis ad basin floris fem. dispositus, bracteis ovatis,
concavis, subapiculatis, nervo infra apicem evanido, cellulis omnino sub-
rhombeis, lzevissimis, parietibus haud vel vix incrassatis.
Hab. speciei, Patagonia australis in truncis arborum, ubi verisimiliter
in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
An elegant little species, very distinct and easily recognized by its rudi-
mentary inner peristomial teeth, interposed between the perfect ones, and
by its shining hairless calyptra. In size it resembles Ovthotrichum pumt-
hum Sw. and feneHum Bruch.
ORTHOTRICHUM COMPACTUM Dusen n. sp.
Pl. IX, Figs. 1-3.
Autoicum, cryptostomaticum ,; densissime et intricate caespitosum, czs-
pitibus humillimis, summitate flavo-viridibus, ceterum fuscis; caz/zs erec-
tus, longitudine tota radiculosus, apice ramulosus ; folia densissime con-
KiGser0:
a b é
é J
Orthotrichum compactum Dusén. a, 6, folia, 48; ¢, apex folii, 42; d, cellule apicules, 23°; e,
cellulz basales juxta nervum site, 22° ; f, capsula calyptrata humiditate, 48.
ferta, lineari-lanceolata, c. 1.8 mm. longa et 0.35 mm. lata siccitate
appressa, stricta, humiditate e basi erecta patentia, carinata, marginibus
82 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
vulgo planis, rarissime plus minusque reflexis, carinate nervosa, ”evvo basi
0.06 mm. crasso, infra apicem desinente; cellulz lavissimz, basales rec-
tangulez, medianz rotundate rectangulz vel rotundate quadratz, apicales
ovales vel rotundate, c. 0.013 mm. magne, parietibus omnino valde in-
crassatis ; bractee pericheti foliis caulinis similes; se/a c. 1.4 mm. alta;
theca oblonga-ovalis, c. 1.5 mm. longa et 0.55 mm. crassa, siccitate 8-sul-
cata, pallide flava; Aerzstomtum pallide flavum, externum dentibus 8,
bigemmatis, 0.19 mm. altis et basi o.1 mm. latis, minutissime papillosis,
siccitate valde reflexis, ad thecam appressis, z/ernum dentibus 8, dentibus
endostomii zequilongis, subulatis, lzevissimis; operculum depresse coni-
cum, rostro crasso, diametro capsulze breviore, recto, obtuso coronatum ;
spore c. 0.016 mm. magne, papillosz.
Hab. speciei, Patagonia australis in truncis arborum, ubi verisimiliter
in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico lecta est. Resembling Orthotri-
chum macloskit Dusén, but more densely tufted, differing from that spe-
cies by the absence of rudimentary inner peristomial teeth, interposed be-
tween the perfect ones, and by the non-papillose cells of the leaves.
ORTHOTRICHUM RUPESTRE Schleich.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico, ubi
in consortio Barbule flagellaris Schpr. ad basin arborum occurrit.
Gen. ULOTA.
ULOTA HAMATA Dusén n. sp.
Pl. 1X, Fig. 4.
Autoica, phanerostomatca,; dense czespitosa, humilis, lutescente viridis ;
caulis repens, sat dense ramosus, rami erecti plerumque simplices, usque
ad 6 mm. alti; fo/a dense conferta, subuncinati, omnino apice hamata, sicci-
tate erecta vel suberecta, vix crispata, humiditate patentia, c. 1.8 mm. longa
et basi 0.33 mm. lata, e basi dilatata, breviter ovali, concava elongate lan-
ceolata, subcanaliculata, emarginata, marginibus planis, plus minusque dis-
tincte crenulatis ; zevvo basi 0.02 mm. crasso, longe infra apicem evanido;
cellule parietibus valde incrassatis, pellucidz, basales anguste elongate,
marginem versus breviter rectangulz, cetere rotundate, c. 0.135 mm.
magne, subpapillosz ; dvactee pericheti foliis caulinis similes, sed paulum
majores; sefa stricta, usque ad 5 mm. alta; ¢Zeca (vetusta) humiditate
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 83
clavata, c. 1.4 mm. longa et 0.6 mm. crassa; calyffrva juventute rubella,
pilis hyalinis appressis vestita; cetera ignota.
Hab. Patagonia australis in truncis arborum.
Nearer to Wlota fulvella Mitt. than Ulota fuegiana Mitt., differing in its
1Gae tele
if Is h i
Ulota hamata Dusén. a, folium, 22; 4, folium peribracteale, 32; c, apex folii, 299; d, cellule
basales, 24°; ¢, cellule marginales e parte basali, 2%°; /, theca vetusta humiditate, 47; g, phanero-
stoma, 29°; h, 7, folia perigonialia, 32.
hamate leaves, being neither twisted nor crisp in the dry state, in its cla-
vate capsule and reddish calyptra with appressed hyaline, inarticulated
hairs.
ULOTA FULVELLA Mitt.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Lapataia et ad Villarino in ramulis.
Gen. MACROMITRIUM Brid.
MACROMITRIUM TENAX C. Miill.
Hab. Fuegia australis.
MACROMITRIUM BIFASCICULARE C. Miill. in herb.
Pl. IX, Fig. 5.
Dense czspitosum, czspitibus expansis, summitate flavescentibus,
ceterum atro-rubiginosis; caw/is repens, dense ramosus, ramis erectis,
84 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
robustiusculis, strictis parallele confertis, usque ad 3.5 cm. altis, iterum
iterumque bifurcatis vel apice saltem fasciculatim et fastigiatim ramulosis ;
folia dense conferta, usque ad 2.4 mm. longa et 0.45 mm. lata, siccitate
appressa, Suprema subspiraliter-torta, humiditate patula, imbricata, stricta,
lanceolata, acutissima, integerrima, haud decurrentia, carinata, plerumque
utroque latere subplane replicata, marginibus planis vel rare subreflexis,
nervo rubro, valido, basi 0.06 mm. crasso, lzvissimo, cum apice desinente ;
cellulze laevissimz, parietibus valde incrassatis, basales rectangulz, apicales
minutissimz, 0.005-0.008 mm. magnz, omnino hexagonz; cetera ignota.
ETGael2s
a ¢
Macromitrium bifasciculare C. Miill. a, folia, 42; 4, cellule apicales, 29° ; ¢, sectiones foliorum, §7.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Villarino in rupibus litoreis (?).
Nearest to Macromitrium saddleanum Besch., but much lower, more
densely tufted and with denser ramification, besides differing from that
species in its non-decurrent leaves and its excurrent leaf-nerve. The
upper cells, originally hexagonal, are in the older leaves by hard incrassa-
of the membranes very small, oval or nearly round.
Gen. ZYGODON Hook. et Tayl.
ZYGODON CURVICAULIS Dusén n. sp.
Pl IX, Figs. 6, 7.
Plus minusque dense czespitosus, czespitibus parvis, lutescenti-viridibus,
humillimis ; caz/s gracilis, usque ad 1.5 cm. altus, erectus vel adscendens,
plerumque vage curvatus, apice haud rare subuncinatus, simplex vel parce
ramosus, tota longitudine radiculosus, radiculis atropurpureis, minutissime
papillosis, illis, qui ex axillis excedunt laevissimis et brevissimis, gemmis
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 85
ovalibus vel subclavatis terminatis ; folia siccitate suberecta, incurvata,
marginibus subreflexis, suprema saltem plerumque subsecunda, madefacta
raptim reflectentia, e basi erecta subsquarrose reflexa, usque ad 1.6 mm.
longa et 0.4 mm. lata, lineari-lanceolata, carinata, marginibus planis vel
subrecurvatis, papillis vestitis, itaque crenulato-erosulis, nervo basi 0.06
mm. crasso, rubro, infra summum apicem evanescente, lzvissimo ; ce//ule
basales breviter rectangulze, subpellucidz, ceterze omnino rotundatz, minu-
tissimz, c. 0.013 mm. magnz obscure, utroque latere dense papillosz ;
cetera ignota.
Hab. species Patagonia australis in truncis arborum, ubi verisimiliter in
territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
Nearly related to Zygodon brown Schwaegr. and of quite the same
appearance as that species. There is very little difference between the
Fic. 13.
a b
Zygodon curvicaulis Dusén. a, folium, 4%; 4, folium planefactum, 1; c, cellule apicales, 29° ;
d@, cellule basales, 29°.
sterile plants of both species. Zygodon curvicaulis has perhaps less
crowded and a little less acute leaves than Z. dvownzz. The most con-
siderable difference, however, is shown by the gemmez. The Z. curvi-
caulis has oval or subclavate ones, with transverse membranes of the
cells, and disposed at the end of vadice/s, or arising from the axils.
The gemmez of Z. dvownz? on the contrary are quite globular with radiate
cell-membranes and seem to have their origin from the lower part of the
leaf-nerve.
Resembling also Zygodon intermedius Br. et Schpr., but differs in its
more robust and papillous rhizoides. The fruiting plant will probably
give other differing characteristics. |
86 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ZYGODON HATCHERI Dusé€n n. sp.
PISLX hips. 820:
Diotcus (2); densiuscule pulvinatim czespitosus, sordido-viridis ; caz/zs
erectus, strictus, usque and 2 cm.altus, inferne defoliatus vel foliis marcidis
plus minusque fragmentariis obtectus, fere tota longitudine radiculosus radi-
culis atropurpureis, lavissimis, simplex vel parce bifurcatus, summitate ob
Fic. 14.
ae
Re ee |
é d
Zygodon hatchert Dusén. a, folia, 1%; 4, apex folii, 29°; ¢, sectiones, foliorum, £2; d, apices
foliorum, 47; e, gemma, 87.
innovationes tumescens; /o/7a sursum sensim majora et densiora, siccitate
suberecta, crispata, madefacta raptim reflectentia, denique patula et stricta,
lanceolata, usque ad 3.5 mm. longa et 0.7 mm. lata, acutissima, percari-
nata, omnino uno latere, interdum utroque latere genuflexa, marginibus
planis, integerrimis vel apicem versus subcrenulatis, nervo basi 0.05—0.06
mm. crasso, vel infra apicem evanido vel excurrente, parte excedente sub-
tumido; ce//u/e basales lzevissimz, parietibus incrassatis, ad nervum site
anguste elongate, ad marginem sitz multo breviores, fere quadratz,
ceteree dorso subpapillosz, parietibus valde incrassatis, 0.008—o0.011 mm.
magne, medianz subangulatz, apicales omnino rotundate; cetera ignota.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
A very distinct species, marked by its leaves, crisp in the dry state, and
especially by its excurrent leaf-nerve, tumid in its uppermost part.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 37
It can scarcely be doubted that the numerous cylindrical gemmz, com-
posed each of 4—8 uniseriate cells, which were found in the tufts, belong
to the plant and were originally situated on the excurrent part of the
leaf-nerve.
Fam. Funariace&.
ic Ue Ne Le CUT:
FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA (L.) Hedw.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Lapataia in terra.
Fam. BrvaceEz.
Ceumiuei. OBRY UM Schipr,
LEPTOBRYUM PYRIFORME (L.) Schpr.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
paludosis.
LEPTOBRYUM POTTIACEUM Dusén n. sp.
Pl. IX, Figs. 10-12.
Dioicum ,; vel aliis muscis intermixtum vel dense czspitosum, czspiti-
bus expansis, inferne fuscis, superne lutescente viridibus, nitidis.
PLANTA FEMINEA. Caufs simplex, gracillimus, strictus, usque ad 1.5
cm. altus; folia inferiora et mediana remota, parva, vix 2 mm. longa,
lineari-lanceolata vel linearia, superiora raptim longiora, elongate attenu-
ata, usque ad 5 mm. longa et basi 0.35 mm. lata, haud decurrentia, sicci-
tate plerumque erecta, humiditate e basi erecta arcuato-recurvata, basi
medioque canaliculata, apicem versus plana, marginibus planis, integer-
rimis vel superne ob cellulas prominentes remote subserrulatis, ~ervo
rubro, valido, basi c. 0.09 mm. crasso, stricto, infra summum apicem
evanido; ceMule flavze, pellucida, apicales elongate subrhombee, ceterze
elongate, omnino rectangule; dvactee fericheti foliis caulinis similes, sed
supremis paulum longiores; se/a tenuis, elongata, usque ad 3 cm. alta,
fusco-rubra, nitida, flexuosa ; ¢Aeca subpyriformis asymmetrica, erecta, cas-
tanea, nitida, macrostoma, ore obliquo; ferestomium pallide flavum;
dentes exostomi \anceolati, c. 0.36 mm. alti et basi 0.064 mm. lati, inferne
coaliti, linea divisurali distincta, inferne medioque minutissime papillosi,
superne papillis subremotioribus et subvalidioribus ornati; lamellis paucis
8-10 instructi; dentes endostomi dentibus exostomii zequilongi, hyalini,
88 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
levissimi, fere ad apicem longitudinaliter perforati . . .; operculum coni-
cum, apice brevissimo, crasso, truncato coronatum ; sfore rotund, c. 0.028
mm. magne, laevissime.
PLANTA MUSCULA. Cazafs simplex vel pauci-ramosus, gracillimus, e
basi ad medium radiculosus, radiculis atropurpureis, longe deorsum foli-
atus, fo/s iis medianis plantze feminez similibus; /loves terminales, dis-
coidei; bractee perigoni e basi erecta sat raptim attenuata, valde elongata,
usque ad 6 mm. longa, arcuata recurvata vel patentissima, evvo valido,
ee
aN
Leptobryum pottiaceum Dusén. a, folia mediana plante fem., 48; 4, cellule basales, §7; ¢, cellule
apicales, §7; d, folium plante masc., 48; e¢, folium perigoniale a latere visum, 4%; /, capsula opercu-
lata humiditate, 48; g, capsula deoperculata humiditate, 48; 4, capsula deoperculata siccitate, 18.
EuGaat 5.
a é
sat longe infra apicem evanido; paraphyses numerosi aurei, superne
paulum crassiores, plerumque acutiusculi: antheridia fere cylindrica.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
truncis putridis et in terra.
Fuegia australis ad Lapataia in terra.
Well distinguished from Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Schpr. as well
as from Leptobryum sericeum from Tasmania, being marked by its long
seta and erect, comparatively long, unsymmetrical, dark brown and shin-
ing capsule.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 89
Gen. BRYUM Dill.
BryuM BIMUM Schreb.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
terra paludosa.
Patagonia australis ad Lapataia in terra paludosa.
BRYUM LAMPROCHATE Dusén n. sp.
Pl. IX, Figs. 13-15.
Synorcum , dense intricate czespitosum, czespitibus inferne fuscis, superne
lzete viridibus, sat expansis, humilibus, haud nitidis; caw/zs strictus, erec-
tus, c. 1.5 cm. altus, fere tota longitudine radiculosus, radiculis atropur-
pureis, fasciculatis, inferne defoliatus, superne, przecipue apice innovando
ramulosus, innovationibus c. 3 mm. longis; /o/a inferiora parva, sursum
raptim accrescentia, suprema dense conferta, siccitate gemmate conniventia,
BiGe Lo:
a b
Bryum lamprochete Dusén. a, folium, 48; 4, sectio folii, 32; ¢, cellule apicales, 29°; d, cellule
e FA
1
200. idi 18. A sicci 18
basales, 299; ¢, capsula humiditate, 4%; /, capsula siccitate, 18.
1
humida subrecta, usque ad 1.8 mm. longa et 0.5-0.7 mm. lata, stricta,
canaliculata, haud decurrentia, late oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato-lanceo-
lata, ob cellulas marginales elongatas, angustissimas, subtriseriatas sub-
limbata, marginibus reflexis, integerrimis vel apice denticulis paucis, re-
motis ornatis, carinate nervosa, zervvo viridi, valido, basi 0.08 mm. crasso,
excedente, in foliis supremis cuspidate excurrente; ce//u/e laxz, pellucida,
interdum parce chlorophyllosz, apicales subelongatz, interdum subrhom-
bez, basales paulum majores, rectangulz, marginales angustissime elon-
gatae ; bvactee pericheti foliis caulinis supremis similes ; se¢a tenuis, stricta,
gO PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1.5-2.5 cm. alta, rubescenti-nitida; “Zeca pendula, brunnea, clavata, collo
siccitate rugoso, sporangio breviore; dezfes exostomi lanceolate subulati,
0.43 mm. alti et o.1 mm. lati, flavi, apice hyalini, papilloso-scaberuli, cet-
erum minutissime obscure granulosi, lamellis c. 9 robustis, margines den-
tium haud attingentibus; dentes endostomi hyalini, papillosi, usque ad
apicem perforati, dentibus exterioribus paulum breviores; operculum con-
vexe conicum, breviter crasseque apiculatum; cetera ignota.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Resembling Brywm valhdinervium C. Mill. from Kerguelen Island, but
distinct, differing from that species in its shorter stem, longer excurrent
nerve, wider and weaker cells of the leaves and more remotely and more
robustly lamellated external peristomial teeth.
Resembling also Bryam macrantherum C. Mill. from Kerguelen Island,
but easily distinguished by the longer excurrent nerve of its leaves and its
remotely lamellated external peristomial teeth; the teeth of the species
just named have at least 25 lamelle.
BRYUM VERNICOSUM Dusén n. sp.
Pls) Figs. ea:
Dioicum, dense intertexte ceespitosum, czespitibus expansis, humilibus,
inferne fuscis, summitate lutescente viridibus, haud nitidis; caz/zs usque
ad 1 cm. altus, e basi ad medium vel ultra radiculosus, radiculis atropur-
pureis, e medio foliosus, simplex vel interdum pauci-ramosus; /o/a
infima parva, sursum sensim majora, sicca appressa, humida suberecta,
stricta, haud decurrentia, usque ad 1.45 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. lata, con-
cava, marginibus integerrimis, ubique reflexis, carinato-nervosa, ervo
rubro, valido, basi 0.063 mm. crasso, percurrente, cum apice evanido vel
breviter excedente; ce//ule laxze, hyaline, sat firmz, apicales medianaque
plus minusque distincte rhombez, basales rectangulee, marginales longi-
ores, sed cellulis ceteris paulum diverse; bvactee pericheti foliis caulinis
superioribus similes sed paulum majora, nervo longius excedente, sed vix
cuspidato, se/a stricta, tenuis, rubella, nitida, 2-2.5 cm. alta; ¢Heca pen-
dula, fuscobrunnea, ore atropurpureo-vernicoso, collo sporangio siccitate
lato-ovato vel oblongo-ovato breviore, aunu/us secedens, latus, tribus
seriebus cellularum compositus ; denfes exostomi subulati, aurei, 0.35 mm.
alti et 0.045-0.050 mm. lati, superne hyalini, lavissimi, inferne minu-
tissime granulosi, lamellis c. 15 praediti; operculum stricte conicum, atro-
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. gl
purpureum, vernicosum; sfore 0.021—-0.027 mm. magne, laevissime ;
cetera ignota.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Nearly of the same appearance as Bryum lamprochete Dusén, but well
distinguished from that species by its stem being simple above, its nar-
rower, more densely and more elegantly lamellated external peristomial
teeth which are glabrous above, and by its exactly conical and shining
WY
NN
ye \\
Bryum vernicosum Dusén. a, folium, 48; 4, cellule apicales, 29°; ¢, cellule basales, 29°; d, theca
) 1
humiditate, 48; ¢, theca siccitate, 18; /, folium perigoniale, 15.
operculum. Besides, the Bvyum vernicosum is dicecious, the Bryum
lamprochete synoecious.
Our species seems to be related also to Bryum minusculum C. Miill.,
concluding from the diagnosis, but differs from that species by the ab-
sence of innovations, by its always pendulous capsule, the wider cells of
its leaves, its much shorter cuspidate leaves, and by its pericheetial leaves.
BRYUM RIGOCH4:TE Dusén n. sp.
Fimo, Pics, Bo \4-
Synoicum , dense ceespitosum, czespitibus inferne fuscis, superne viridi-
bus, haud nitidis ; caulis c. 2 cm. altus, strictus, ad medium atropurpureo-
radiculosus, inferne defoliatus, simplex vel fertilitate superne innovando
pauci-ramosus ; fo/za sicca appressa, humida suberecta, c. 2.7 mm. longa
et 1.2 mm. lata, haud decurrentia, ovato-oblonga, leviter incurvata, acuta,
apicibus strictis vel paulum reflexis, subcochleariforme concava, margini-
bus integerrimis reflexisque, carinato-nervosa, evvo rubescente, valido,
Q2 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
basi 0.06 mm. crasso, percurrente, cum apice evanescente vel paulum ex-
cedente ; ce//ule pellucidz, densiusculz, apicales medianaque rhombez
vel subhexagonz, marginales anguste elongatz, basales ampliores, om-
nino rectangule; bvactee pericheti foliis caulinis similes, sed paulum
majores; se/a erecta, stricta, rigida, fusco-brunnea, subnitida, c. 2 cm.
alta ; theca pendula, brunnea, elongate pyriformis, collo sporangium fere
FTG ao:
a
e Ay
Bryum rigochete Dusén. a, folium, 48; 4, sectio folii, 32; c, cellule apicales, $7; d, cellule
basales, 87, ¢, capsula humiditate, 18 ; /, capsula siccitate, 48.
equante; dentes exostomi lanceolate subulati, aurei, superne scabri,
ceterum minutissime granulosi, 0.35 mm. alti et basi 0.08 mm. lati, linea
divisurali distincta, lamellis c. 16 praediti; ofervculum convexe conicum,
breviter apiculato; sfor@ levissimz, 0.027—0.030 mm. magne.; cetera
ignota.
Hab. speciei, Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico in terra paludosa lecta est.
Near to Lryum lamprochete Dusén, but distinct and easily distin-
guished by its more robust stem, less acute and non-cuspidate leaves and
much denser lamellated peristomial teeth. Resembling also Bryum ver-
nicosum WDusén, but differing from that species by being more robust, -
simple or with only flagelliform innovations, ramulose stem, larger and
less acute leaves with weaker nerve and much broader peristomial teeth.
BRYUM HATCHERI Dusén n. sp.
PleXks Pisses 5,0.
Dioiwcum ,; dense czespitosum, czespitibus humilibus, fuscoviridibus, haud
nitidis, caulibus inferne leviter intertextis, caz/’s c. 1 cm. altus, erectus vel
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 93
subascendens, e basi ad medium parce radiculosus, simplex vel basi
pauci-ramosus, fertilitate szepe innovando superne ramulosus, sat tenuis ;
folia sicca appressa, humida erecta, suprema gemmaceo-conferta, usque
ad 2 mm. longa et 0.6 mm. lata, haud decurrentia, ovata-oblonga, cuspi-
data, concava, elimbata, marginibus integerrimis, haud vel vix reflexis,
carinato-nervosa, zervvo crasso, basi c. 0.08 mm. lato, inferne rubescente,
superne viridi, preecipue in foliis supremis longe excedente, summo apice
Fic. 19.
a b
é
Bryum hatchert Dusén. a, 4, folia, 48; ¢, cellulz apicles, 29°; d, cellule basales, 29°; ¢, capsula
humiditate, 48.
é
rarissime pauci-denticulato ; ce//ule laxz, pellucide apicales medianzeque
subelongatz, plus minusque distincte hexagonz basales laxiores, rectan-
gule; dvactee pericheti foliis caulinis similes, sed paulum majores et
longius cuspidatz ; sefa erecta, subflexuosa, brunnea nitidiuscula, tenuis,
usque ad 1 cm. alta; //Zeca pendula, sat parva, oblonge obovata, brunnea,
collo turgido, sensim in sporangium transeunte; azzaulus duplex; dentes
exostomii humiles, subulati, 0.3 mm. alti et 0.04—0.05 mm. lati, superne
hyalini et leevissimi, ceterum flaviduli et minutissime granulosi, fere glabri,
remote lamellati, lamellis altis, c. 7; operculum stricte conicum; cetera
ignota,
Hab. speciei, Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico in terra lecta est.
Nearly allied to Bryum minusculum C. Miill., to judge from the diag-
nosis differing in the stronger nerve of its leaves, and their larger size,
and by its perichztial leaves, pendulous capsule and conical operculum.
94 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Gen. WEBERA Hedw.
WEBERA CRUDA (L.) Schwaegr.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico ad
basin arborum.
WEBERA LONCHOCHATE Dusen n. sp.
Pl. X, Figs. 7-9.
Caults gracillimus, erectus, strictus, simplex vel pauciramosus, inferne
defoliatus, e basi fere ad apicem atropurpureo-radiculosus, usque ad 3.5
cm. altus ; fo/a sicca subappressa, humida suberecta, stricta, inferiora
parva, sursum sensim accrescentia, lutescente viridia, nitida, c. 2 mm.
iGO;
d é
Webera lonchochete Dusén. a, folium, 22; 4, cellule apicales, 29°; c, cellule basales, 22°; d,
capsula hum iditate, 48; e, sectiones folii, §7.
longa et o.4 mm. lata, paulum decurrentia, e basi subovata lanceolata,
acuta, elimbata utroque latere arcuate replicato, marginibus planis, apicem
versus serrulatis, ceterum integerrimis, carinato-nervosa, zevvo valido,
basi 0.09 mm. crasso, viridi, subflexuoso, percurrente, sed apicem vix
attingente ; ce//u/e firme, pellucida, lutescente virides, apicales et
mediane elongate, basales laxiores, subrectangulz, ad marginem dis-
tincte rectangule; dractee pericheti foliis caulinis similes, sed longius
attenuate; se/a tenuis, stricta, erecta, rubescens, nitidula, usque ad 4.5
cm. alta; ¢4eca pendula, pallide purpurea, ovato-oblonga, collo turgido,
in sporangium indistincte transeunte; dentes exostomit \anceolati, flavi,
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 95
0.44 mm. alti et basi 0.08 mm. lati elimbati, superne hyalini et papilloso-
scaberuli, ceterum minutissime granulosi, dense lamellati, lamellis 15-18,
subdenticulati; dentes endostomi dentibus exostomii zequilongi, hyalini,
late perforati, superne nodulosi et papilloso-scaberuli; cz/a@ dentibus
equilonga, nodiuscula, scaberula, singula vel interdum bina; sembrana
dasilaris 0.2 mm. alta.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio
Chico in consortio Aulacomni palustris (L.) Schwaegr. occurrit.
Nearly related to Webera sphagnicola Schpr., but differing from that
species by its elimbate and comparatively remotely lamellated external
peristomial teeth and by having fewer cilia; besides the Webera loncho-
chete is synoecious, the Webera sphagnicola dicecious.
Fam. MEESEACE«.
Gen. MEESEA Hedw.
MEESEA PATAGONICA Dusen n. sp.
PIAXE Fig? 7,
Dense czspitosa; cawlzs gracillimus, usque ad 10 cm. longus, simplex,
parce radiculosus vel fere eradiculosus, inferne flexuosus, nudus, fuscus,
superne strictus, sordide viridis; fo@a 2.5-3.0 mm. longa et basi plane-
facta o.8 mm. lata, trifaria, sat distantia, siccitate plus minusque crispata,
EirG ae
a b c
Meesea patagonica Dusén. a, folium a latere visum, 22; 4, folium deplanatum, 22; c, apex folii,
29°; d, cellule basales folii, 290,
96 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
humiditate stricta, patentia, c. basi amplexicauli, haud decurrente, lata et
brevi raptim contracta, elongate cuspidata, canaliculata, apice rotundata,
marginibus integerrimis, erectis, nervo valido, basi 0.18 mm. lato, indis-
tincte limitato, infra summum apicem evanescente; ce//ule laxz, pellucide,
parietibus teneris, basales rectangulz, apicales ceteris multo breviores ;
cetera desunt.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
Nearest to Meesea austro-georgica C. Miill., differing from that species
by its entire leaves, its rectangular leaf-cells and non-excurrent nerve.
The species is one of the most interesting of those brought home from
South America by Mr. Hatcher. Hitherto there were only two species
of the genus J/eesea know from the southern part of the globe, viz., JZ
austro-georgica C. Miill. from south Georgia and AZ mullert C. Mill. et
Hampe from Australia. The JZ. pafagonica is then the third species of
this genus known from the southern hemisphere.
Fam. Mntacee.
Gen. MNIUM Drill.
MNIUM ROSTRATUM Schrad.
Hab. Patagonia australis in paludosis.
Fam. RuizoGoniaAceé.
Gen. RHIZOGONIUM Brid.
RHIZOGONIUM MNIOIDES (Hook.) Schpr.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
RHIZOGONIUM SUBBASILARE (Hook.) Schpr.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Fam. LerrostoMACE&.
Gens LCEPTOSTOMUMERS Br
LEPTOSTOMUM MENZIESII (Hook.) R. Br.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 97
Fam. AULACOMNIACEA.
Gen. AULACOMNIUM Schwaegr.
AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE (L.) Schwaegr.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio
Chico in consortio Weber lonchochetis Dusén in paludosis occurrit.
Fam. BartTRAMIACE.
Gen. BARTRAMIA Hedw.
BARTRAMIA MAGELLANICA Aongstr.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Lapataia.
BARTRAMIA ARISTATA Schpr.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
BARTRAMIA ITYPHYLLA Brid. var. AREN4 Besch.
Hab. varietatis Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
BARTRAMIA PATENS Brid. var. MINOR Dusén.
Humilior densiusque caspitosa, a typo partium omnium exiguitate
differt.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
pGen DA DRANMIDULA® Be Eur.
BARTRAMIDULA EXIGUA (Sull.) Jaeg.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Gen. PHILONOTIS Brid.
PHILONOTIS VAGANS (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Mitt.
Hab. Patagonia australis in paludosis.
PHILONOTIS PARALLELA Dusén n. sp.
Dioica,; dense czspitosa, cespitibus superne viridibus vel lutescente-
viridibus, inferne fusco-tomentosis, expansis, cals erectus, strictus,
98 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
omnino c. 3 cm. altus, interdum usque ad 1 dm. altus, ad basin florum
innovationes paucas, omnino 1-3 producens, inferne radiculosus, radiculis
leevissimis ; fofa inter se conformia, c. 1.4 mm. longa et 0.35-0.40 mm.
lata, erecto-patula, heteromalla, lanceolata, subcuspidata, canaliculata,
haud plicata, haud decurrentia, marginibus erectis, praecipue apicem ver-
sus serrulatis, zevvo valido, basi 0.063 mm. crasso, subexcurrente, lzvis-
simo; cellude rectangule, dorso leviter papillose; dvactee perichetit
erectee, longe attenuate, cuspidatz, cellulis apicalibus angustis, ceterum
foliis caulinis similes; se/a erecta, stricta, c. 2.5 cm. alta, gracilis, rubra,
leevissima; capsula erecta, humiditate late ovalis, c. 2.4 mm. longa et
1.35 mm. crassa, siccitate fere cylindrica, subcurvata, 13-16-sulcata, pachy-
dermatica, olivacea, ore rubro; ceM/ule exothectt? omnino rotundate rec-
EG 2.
a b c d e
Philonotts parallela Dusén. a, folium, 32; 4, apex folii, 87; c, folia perigonialia, 48; d, folium
perigoniale a latere visum, 48; e¢, capsula humiditate, 48.
tangulares, marginales minores, 6—7-seriatze, illa striarum parietibus
longitudinalibus incrassatis; dentes exostoma rubri, 0.4 mm. alti et 0.076
mm. lati, lanceolate subulati, vix dense lamellati, inferne minutissime
papillosi, superne papillis crassioribus ornati; denfes endostomi dentibus
exostomil paulum breviores, papillosi; cea singula vel bina, dentibus
endostomii fere zequilonga et paulum angustiora; ofercudum conicum,
haud rostratum, apice oblique, truncato.
Flores masculi disciformes, bracteis e basi erecta genuflexe patentis-
simis, usque ad 2.3 mm. longis et 1.8 mm. latis, lanceolatis, serrulatis,
acutissimis, nervo lato, indistincte limitato, infra apicem evanido, cellulis
basalibus aureis, rectangulis, apicalibus, prosenchymaticis.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 99
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
paludosis.
Resembling Phzlonotis fontana (L.) Brid. but well distinguished from
that species by its uniform, lanceolate and not plicate leaves with erect
margins, by the absence of incrassations interposed between the upper
lamellz of the external peristomial teeth, etc.
Fam. PoLytTrRICHACE&.
Gene POMYTRICHADELPHUS’ GC. Mull:
POLYTRICHADELPHUS MAGELLANICUS (Linn. fil.) Mitt.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Gen. POLYTRICHUM Dill.
POLYTRICHUM JUNIPERINUM Hedw.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
POLYTRICHUM STRICTUM Menz.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
POLYTRICHUM PATAGONICUM C. Miill.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
jel Wi © AEE LIN E 7a,
Fam. LErucODONTACE.
Gen. LEPYRODON Hampe.
LEPYRODON LAGURUS (Hook.) Mitt.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis.
Rio Chico in truncis arbustorum arborumque.
LEPYRODON IMPLEXUS (Kze.) Par.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Lapataia in truncis Berberidts tlicifolie.
Fam. LeskEAcEz.
Gen. LESKEA Hedw.
LESKEA FUEGIANA Besch.
Hab. Fuegia.
100 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Fam. STEREODONTACE.
Gen. CATAGONIUM C. Mill.
CATAGONIUM POLITUM (Hook. fil. et Wils.) C. Mull.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
Gen. ACROCLADIUM Mitt.
ACROCLADIUM AURICULATUM (Mont.) Mitt.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico in
terra.
Gen. PLAGIOTHECIUM Br. Eur.
PLAGIOTHECIUM LEPTOPLUMOSUM Dusen n. sp.
Pl. XI, Figs. 3-5.
Autoicum; dense cespitosum, czeespitibus humillimis, plus minusque
expansis, viridibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, subnitidis, mollibus; cazdles
gracillimus, subascendeus, ad basin ferrugineo-tomentosus, ramos nonnul-
los, plerumque simplices emittens, usque ad 1.5 cm. longus; /o/a densa,
c. I.1 mm. longa et deplanata 0.4 mm. lata, plerumque subsecunda, e
basi semiamplexicauli, haud decurrente ovata vel late lanceolata, canali-
uw ) ef
Plagiothecium leptoplumosum Dusén. a, folia, $2; 6, theca humiditate, 48; ¢, pars superior thecz
operculate humiditate, 48.
culate concava, omnino sat longe cuspidata, marginibus erectis, integer-
rimis, enervata; ce//ude anguste elongatz, basales ceteris subbreviores,
alares vix diverse; bractee perichetit erectee, semiconvolute, enervate,
apice sat raptim contracte, breviter acutatee, integerrimz; se/a 1.5-2 cm.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. IOI
alta, gracilis, rubra, strictiuscula, superne sinistrorsum, inferne dextror-
sum torta, lavissima; theca fere erecta, cylindrica, paulum curvata, pal-
lide brunnea, siccitate sub ore constricta, lavissima, collo distincto; aznza-
/us simplex ; dentes exostomi pallide flavi, 0.44 mm. alti et basio.o6 mm.
lati, anguste lanceolati, dense lamellati, inferne medioque transversaliter
Striati, superne articulati et papillosi; dentes endostomd hyalini, dentibus
exostomii paulum breviores, subulati, minutissime granulosi, angustissime
longitudinaliter perforati; cz//a 1-3, setacea, nodulosa, minutissime granu-
losa, dentibus endostomii paulum breviora; membrana basilaris c. 0.18
mm. alta; ofercu/um conicum, obtusum, haud rostratum.
Flores masc. gemmiformes, ad basin floris fem. dispositi, in tomento
occulti.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
Completely resembling and closely allied to Plagiothecium pulchellum
(Dicks.) Br. Eur., but differing from that species by its usually broader
and longer cuspidate leaves, more uniform leaf-cells, inner peristomial
teeth shorter than the outer, and its simple annulus.
The species also resembles, to judge from the diagnosis, Plagiothecium
Juegianum (Besch.) differing by its subfalcate and more or less distinctly
secund leaves with straight apex, non-papillous perichetial leaves and
cylindrical capsule.
Fam. Hypnacez.
Gena bRACHYTHECIUM Br Eur.
BRACHYTHECIUM PARADOXUM (Hook. fil. et Wils.) Besch.
Hab. Patagonia australis in territorio fontinali fluminis Rio Chico, ubi
in truncis putrescentibus et in terra occurrit.
Gen. SCIAROMIUM Mitt.
SCIAROMIUM CONFLUENS C. Miill.
Hab. speciei Patagonia australis, ubi verisimiliter in territorio fontinali
fluminis Rio Chico lecta est.
SCIAROMIUM DEPASTUM Dusén n. sp.
Bl la Fig 52:
Dioicum, densiuscule czeespitosum, czespitibus expansis, rigidis, superne
leete viridibus inferne pallide brunneis; cau/zs strictus, erectus, usque ad
102 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
7 cm. altus, inferne costis limbisque persistentibus foliorum vetustorum
obtectus, remote ramosus, non rare 2—3 furcatus vel interdum remote fas-
ciculatim ramosus, ramis erectis, simplicibus; /o/a oblonge ovata, sub-
acuta, heteromalla, leviter concava, fere plana, humiditate e basi patentis-
Fic. 24.
y
SSS
TS
a b ¢
Sciaromium depastum Dusén. a, folia, 48; 4, cellule apicales, 24°; c, cellule basales, 29°.
2
sima leviter incurvata, siccitate magis inflexa, c. 1.25 mm. longa et 0.62
mm. lata, integerrima, carinato-nervosa, nervo valido, basi c. 0.1 mm.
crasso, lzvissimo, percurrente, crasse limbata, limbo circumducto, ad
medium folii c. 0.07 mm. lato; cellule parvz, obscure, omnino sub-
rectangule.
Flores fem. in parte superiore caulis dispositi, parvi, gemmiformes,
archegoniis sat paucis, paraphysibus paucis, setaceis, flavis, cetera ignota.
Hab. Fuegia australis ad Villarino.
An excellent species, well distinguished from all the other South Ameri-
can species of the same genus by its straight stem, heteromallous and
patent, not falcate, and neither subulate nor aristate leaves.
SCIAROMIUM GRACILE Dusén n. sp.
Pl. XI, Fig. 6.
Caulis gracilis, strictus vel strictiusculus, usque ad 5 cm. longus, in-
ferne pallide brunneus, nervis foliorum vetustiorum resistentibus vestitus,
superne foliatus viridis, subsimplex vel vage et remote distichaseo-ra-
mosus, ramis simplicibus, tum brevibus, tum sat longis; /o/a patentia,
homomalla, c. 1.5 mm. longa et 0.40-0.45 mm. lata, densiuscula, haud
decurrentia, e basi ovata sensim attenuata, elongate cuspidata, paulum
concava, elimbata, marginibus integerrimis, erectis ; zervo robusto, viridi,
basi 0.12-0.15 mm. lato, paulum supra medium folii excurrente, cuspi-
dem crassiusculam formante ; ce//ude parve, anguste, subelongatz, ob-
scure, basales ceteris paulum breviores et laxiores ; cetera ignota.
4
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 103
Hab. speciei Fuegia australis, ubi ad Lapataia in consortio Sczavomit
depastt \ecta est.
A small and delicate species, very distinct, differing from all the other
South American species in its minuteness and in its perfectly elimbated
leaves.
HiGeees:
Sciaromium gracile Dusén. Folia, 32.
Gen. HYPNUM Dill.
HypNUM UNCINATUM Hedw. subspecies SYMMETRICUM Ren. et Card.
Hab. Patagonia australis.
HyYPNUM PERPLICATUM Dusén n. sp.
Pl. XI, Fig. 7.
Densiuscule czespitosum, czespitibus expansis, superne sordido-viridibus
vel flavo-brunneis, inferne sordido-brunneis, rigidiusculis; caddis subas-
cendens, plerumque c. 8 cm. interdum usque ad 15 cm. altus, apice falca-
tus, haud radiculosus, inferne defoliatus, sed nervis persistentibus foliorum
vetustorum plus minusque dense obtectus, simplex vel plerumque superne
saltem remotiuscule ramosus, ramis distichis et vix ramulosis; /o/a dense
conferta usque ad 5.5 mm. longa et basi 0.9 mm. lata, uncinate falcata, e
basi sublineari vix decurrente elongate lanceolata, cuspidata, canaliculata,
| longitudinaliter plicata, marginibus erectis, integerrimis, #ervo valido, basi
0.25 mm. lata, sat longe excurrente, levissimo; ce//u/e anguste elongate,
lzvissimee, parietibus paulum incrassatis, alares sat paucze, omnino brevi-
104 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ter rectangule, nervum haud attingentes, parietibus paulum sed parum
interrupte incrassatis ; cetera ignota.
Hab. Patagonia orientalis ad Cape Fairweather in paludosis.
TGs 6!
LHypnum perplicatum Dusén. Folia, 48.
1
Near to Hypnum falcatum Brid., but very distinct, differing from that
species by its longer, quite glabrous and scarcely decurrent leaves with
doubly broader and excurrent nerve, and by the absence of paraphylla.
STOCKHOLM, January I, I9OI.
(We desire to explain that for the method here followed, as elsewhere
in these Reports, of printing all specific names with small initial letter,
the respected author of this part is not responsible-—ED1rTor. )
ERRATA AND EMENDATIONS IN PART III.
Page 67, line 11, for Lindl. read Lindb.
Page 67, line 17, for radiculosis read radiculosus,
Page 67, line 2 from foot, for vel papillose read lavissime.
Page 70, line 7 from foot, for shorter read longer and more robust ; line 5 from foot add n. sp.
Page 71, line 2 from foot, for secto folio read sectio folii.
Page 72, lines 15, 14 from foot, delete all after the word “ones.”
Page 73, fig. 5, cut d should be erect.
Page 74, line 10, for vel nitidis read nitidiusculis.
Page 74, line 11, for 2-3 read 2-4.
Page 74, line 13 from foot, after flavidula insert annulus triplex.
Page 74, lines 10, 9 from foot for subnodulari read subnodulosi.
Page 74, line 9 from foot, delete plicato-.
Page 75, line 5 from foot, for densiuscula read densiuscule.
Page 76, line 9, for incrassatis read subincrassatis.
Page 76, fig. 6, the cut d should be inverted.
Page 77, line 2, after dilatata add subclavata.
Page 77, line 6, for conotricha (Mill) read anderssoni Card.
Page 77, line 9, add B. perrubiginosa is evidently a weak species.
Page 78, line 2, after incrassatis add et in cellulis infraapicalibus; after subflexuosis add su-
perne nonnullz plus minusque elongate ; and for saltem read rare.
Page 79, fig. 8, g refers to the upper figure; and in the explanation of g, for humiditate read
siccitate.
Page 80, fig. 9, cut a should be turned 90°; similarly page 83, fig. 11, cut g.
Page 80, line 1, omit speciei; similarly passim.
Page 82, line 9 from foot, for subuncinati read subuncinata.
Page 82, line 3 from foot, for 0.135 read 0.013.
Page 84, line 10 from foot, for incrassa- read incrassation.
Page 86, line 4, for and read ad.
Page 88, line 4, for MUSCULA read MASCULA.
Page go, line 7 from foot, for majora read majores.
Page 94, line 7, before Caulis prefix Synoica.
Page 96, line 1 for c. basi read e basi.
Page 102, line 6 from foot, for homomalla read heteromalla.
Page 104, line 1, for parum read vix.
Page 104, line 5, for glabrous read entire.
(N. B. It should be observed that it was impracticable for the author to revise the proofs.—Ed. )
GUAT OGUES OR
MUSCI OF PATAGONIA AND FUEGIA.
UINCEUDINGS DESCRIGEDESPECIES-AND OTHERS
NOT YET DESCRIBED.)
BY
PER DUSEN.
MUSCI PROM THE FALKLAND ISLANDS, FUEGIA, AND
PATAGONIA.
Deeg OCR BEI SPECIES:
MUSCI.
SPHAGNALES.
Fam. SPHAGNACEA.
Gen. SPHAGNUM Dill.
Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh., var. falcatulum (Besch.) Par., Staaten I. ;
Cape Horn; Patagon. occ..
S. cuspidatum var. microcarpum (Warnst.) Par., Falkland Is.
S. cymbifolium Ehbrh., var. condensatum Hook. f. & Wils., Fretum
Magellanicum.
S. fimbriatum Wils., Falkland Is.; Hermite I.; Fretum Magellanicum.
S. fimbriatum var. vobustum Braithw., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
S. medium Limpr., var. fusco-rubellum Warnst., forma brachydasyclada
Warnst.
S. medium var. pallido-carneum WVarnst., form. dbvachyorthoclada
Warnst.
105
106 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ANDREEALES.
Fam. ANDREACEZ.
Gen. ACROSCHISMA Hook. f. & Wils.
Acroschisma wilsont Wook. f., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Gen. ANDREAA Enhrh.
Andreea acutifolia Hook. f. & Wils., Hermite I.; Cape Horn.
A. appendiculata Sch., Cape Horn; Fuegia.
A. laxifola Hook. f. & Wils., Hermite I.; Cape Horn.
A. marginata Hook. f. & Wils., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
A. mutabilis Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is.
A. petrophila Ehrh., Fuegia.
A. pseudo-alfpina C. Miill., Fuegia.
A. subulata Harv. var. perichetals Harv., Falkland Is.; Hermite 1.
A. subulata var. rigida Harv. & C. Miill., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
BRYALES.
ACROGARPINEA:
Fam. Dicranace”.
Subfam. DICRANELLEA..
Gen. ANISOTHECIUM Mitt.
Anisothecium perpusillum Dusen.
A. patagonicum C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
Subfam. D/CRANEAZ.
Gen. DICRANOWEISIA Lindb.
Dicranoweista antarctica (C. Mill.) Par., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
D. austro-crispula (C. Mill.) Par., Staaten I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
D. perpulvinata Dusén, W. Patagon.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 107
Genz ONCOPEHORUS = Brid:
Oncophorus fuegianus Card., Fuegia austr.
Gen. DICRANUM Hedw.
Dicranum aciphyllum Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland I.; Staaten I. ;
Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
D. australe Besch., Staaten I.; Fuegia; Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
D. billardiert Schwaegr., Falkland Is.; Fuegia; Fret. Mag. occ.; Pata-
gon. occ.
D. cirrhifolia Sch. in litt., Fuegia; Patag. austr. et occ.
D. dicranellatum Dusén, Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
D. hariote C. Miill., Fuegia; Hoste I.
D. tmponens Mont., Staaten I.; Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia; Pata-
gon. Occ.
D. latt-costatum Card., Fuegia austr.; Fret. Mag.
D. leucopterum C. Miill., Staaten I.; Fuegia.
D. nigricaule Aongstr., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
D. pumilum Mitt., Hermite L.; Fuegia.
D. vacocvidze Card., Fretum Magellan.
D. vamulosum Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
D. vigens Besch., Patagon. occ. i
D. vobustum Hook. f. & Wils., Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia; Fret.
Mag.; Patagon. occ. —var. Jungens Hook. f. & Wils. cum typo.
D. setosum Wook. f. & Wils, Fret. Mag.
D. tonint C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
Gen. CAMPYLOPUS Brid.
Campylopus acuminatus Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
C. crasstsstmus Besch., Patagon. occ.
C. flavissemus (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
C. ¢ntroflexus (Hedw.) Mitt., Patagon. occ.
C. daniger Besch., Hermite I, Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
C. morenot C. Miill., Patagon. austral.
C. orthocomus Besch., Fuegia.
C. perincanus (C. Miill.) Par., Staaten I.
C. saddleanus Besch., Fuegia.
C. shegazzinit (C. Miill.) Par., Staaten I.
108 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Subfam. RHABDOWETSTEAZ.
Gen. DICHODONTIUM Sch.
Dichodontium paludella Besch., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
D. gamesont (Taylor) Sch., Hermite I.
Subfam. SH#L/GERIEA.
Gen. BLINDIA Br. Eur.
Blindia arcuata Mitt., Hermite I.
. auriculata C. Miill., Staaten I.; Fuegia.
. churuccana Besch., Fret. Mag. occ.
. contecta (Hook. f. & Wils.) C. Miill., Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
. curviseta Mitt., Falkland I.; Staaten I.; Hermite I.; Fuegia.
. humilis C. Miill., Staaten I.
. leptotrichocarpa C. Mill., Staaten I.
. leptotrichocarpa var. strictiuscula C. Miill., Staaten I.
. Lygodipoda C. Miill., Staaten I.; Fuegia.
. magellanica Sch., Hermite I.
. savatiertana C. Miill., Fret. Mag. occ.
. tenutfolia (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
Boaoadhn db bdddd
Subfam. D/7R/ICHEA:Z.
Gen. DITRICHUM Timm.
Ditrichum affine (C. Mill.) Hpe., Patagon. occ.
D. contcum (Mont.) Par., Patagon. occ.
D. hookert (C. Mill.) Hpe., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Fret. Mag. occ.
D. hyatinum (Mitt.) Par., Falkland Is.; Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia.
D. longisetum Lor., Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. austr.
D. prealtum (Mitt.) Par., Patagon. austr. et occ.
D. strictum (Hook. f. & Wils.), Falkland Is.; Hermite I.; Cape Horn;
Fuegia.
Gen 7 DISTICH UMS br. bur
Distichium capillaceum (L.) Br. Eur., Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia;
Patagon. austr. et Occ.
Gen. CERATODON Brid.
Ceratodon purpureus (1...) Brid., var. amblyocalyx C. Miill., Fuegia;
Patagon.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 10g
Fam. Pottrace.
Subtatper O Jol / fe.
Gen. POTTIA Ehrh.
Pottia antarcica Aongstr., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
P. megapoda C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
P. sbegazzinu C. Mill., Staaten I.; Patagon. austr.
Gen. BARBULA Hedvw.
Barbula antarciica Upe., Falkland Is.
. aven@ Besch., Fret. Mag.
. andersona (Aongstr.), Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
. chrysopila C. Miill., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
. conotricha C. Miill., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
. conotricha C. Miill. var. fagzcola C. Miill., Patagon.
. crispatula (C. Miill.), Patagon. occ.
. densifolia Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is.
B. flagellaris Sch., Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
B. fuegiana (Mitt.) Jaeg., Falkland Is.; Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
B. lechlert C. Miill., Fret. Mag.
B. patagonica (Mitt.) Jaeg., Patagon.
B. perrubiginosa Dusén., Patagon. occ.
B. pusilla (Aongstr.) C. Miill., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
B. robusta (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. Falkland Is.; Fuegia; Patagon.
Austr. €f OCC.
Bods ds ded
Fam. GRrIMMIACEZ.
Gen. GRIMMIA Ehrh.
Grimmia amblyophylla C. Mill., Hermite I.; Fret. Mag.
G. apocarpa (L.) Hedw., Hermite I.; Fret. Mag.
G. austro-leucophaa Besch., Fuegia.
G. depressa C. Miill., Staaten I.; Fuegia.
G. depressa C. Miill., var. cerrestris C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
G. fallax Dusén, Patagon. austr.
G. humilis Mitt., Patagon. austr.
IIo PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
G. macropulvinata Dusén, Patagon. austr.
G. fortuosa Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is.
Gen. RHACOMITRIUM Brid.
Rhacomirium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid., Falkland Is.
R. levigatum (Mitt.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
R. lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid., Falkland Is.; Hermite I; Fuegia ;
Patagon. occ.
R. nigritum (C. Mill.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Fret. Mag.; Pat-
agon. Occ.
R. protensum A. Br., Fuegia.
R. rupestre Hook. f. & Wils., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
R. sublamprocarpum (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
R. subnigritum (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
R. symphyodontum (C. Mill.) Par., Falkland Is.; Hermite I.; Fuegia;
Patag. occ.
Gen. SCOULERIA Hook.
Scoulerta patagonica (Mitt.) Jaeg., Patagon. occ.
Gen. PTYCHOMITRIUM Br. Eur.
Ptychomitrium ligulatum (Mitt.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
Fam. OrtTHOTRICHACE.
Gen. ORTHOTRICHUM. Hedw.
Orthotrichum compactum Dusén, Patagon. austr.
O. crasstifoltum Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is.; Staaten 1); Hermite
I.; Fuegia.
O. elegantulum Sch., Fret. Mag.
O. macloskiz Dusén, Patagon. austr.
GensUvl@ TAS Brid:
Ulota crenato-erosa (C. Miill.) Par., Fuegia.
U. darwiniw Mitt., Fuegia.
U. eremitensis Mitt., Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia.
U. fuegiana Mitt., Staaten I.; Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Fuegia.
U. fulvella Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES.
U. glabella Mitt., Hermite I.
U. gymnomitria C. Miill., Patagon.
U. hamata Dusén, Patagon.
U. incana (C. Miill.) Par., Fuegia austr.; Fret. Mag.
U. inclinata (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
U. letothecia (C. Mill.) Jaeg., Fret. Mag.
U. lobbiana Mitt., Patagon.
U. macro-calycina (Mont.) Jaeg., Fret. Mag.
U. magellanica (Mont.) Jaeg., Fret. Mag.
U. phyllantha Brid., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
U. pygmiothectum (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
U. savatiert Besch., Patagon. occ.
Gen. MACROMITRIUM Brid.
M. hariott Besch., Fuegia austral.
M. brfasciculare C. Miill. in herb., Fuegia austral.; Patagon. occ.
M. hymenostomum Mont., Cape Horn; Fuegia.
M. krausez Lor., Patagon. occ.
M. saddleanum Besch., Fuegia.
M. tenax C. Miill., Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
Gen. SCHLOTHEIMIA Brid.
Schlotheimia gracillima Besch., Fuegia.
Gen. AMPHIDIUM Nees.
Amphidium cyathicarpum (Mont.), Patagon. occ.
Gen. ZYGODON Hook. &. Tayl.
Zygodon curvicaulis Dusén, Patagon. occ.
Z. hyadeswt Besch., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Z. hatchert Dusén, Patagon. occ.
(eee Nias LICE VE ASC. Mull,
Pentastichella pentasticha (Mont.) C. Miill., Patagon. occ.
Fam. Eusticu1aceé.
Gen. EUSTICHIA C. Mill:
Eustichia longivostris (Brid.) C. Miill., Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
I12 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Fam. SpLACHNACEZ.
Gen. DISSODON Grev. & Arn.
Dissodon magellanicus Hpe., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.; Patagon. occ.
Gen. LETRAPLODONSBreHuse
Tetraplodon fuegianus Besch., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
Gen. HYMENOCUBISTONS Duby.
F[ymenocletston magelanicum Duby., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
FTymenocleiston magellanicum var. edenense, Besch., Patagon. occ.
Fam. FuNARIACE.
Gen. FUNARIA Schreb.
Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Hedw., var. fuegeana C. Miill., Fuegia;
Patagon. austr.
Fam. Bryacea.
Gen. MIELICHOFERIA Hornsch.
Meelichoferia spegazziniana C. Miill., Staaten I.
Gen. ORTHODONTIUM Schwaeger.
Orthodontium australe Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is.; Hermite L;
Fuegia.
Gen. BRACHYMENIUM Hook.
Brachymenium magellanicum (Sull.), Par., Fuegia.
Gen. LEPTOBRYUM Sch.
Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Sch., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
L. pottiaceum Dusén, Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Gen. BRYUM Dill.
Bryum arene C. Miill., Fret. Mag.
B. bimum Schreb., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
B. gemmatum C. Mill., Fuegia.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. ris
B. hatchert Dusén, Patagon. austr.
. tevigatum Hook. f. & Wils., Falkland Is., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
. lamprochete Dusén, Patagon. austr.
. Lonchochete Dusén, Patagon. austr.
. minusculum C. Miill., Fuegia.
. vrigochete Dusén, Patagon. austr.
spegazziniu C. Miill., Fuegia.
. vernicosum Dusén, Patagon. austr.
Gen. WEBERA Hedw.
Weber albicans (Wahlb.) Sch., Falkland Is.; Fuegia.
W. alticaulis (C. Miill.) Par., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
W. cruda (L.) Schwaegr., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ. (Syn. W.
synotco-cruda C. Miill.)
W. nutans (Schreb.) Hedw., Falkland Is.; Hermite I; Cape Horn;
Fuegia.
W. sphagnadelphus (C. Mill.) Besch., Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
W. philonotea (C. Miill.) Par., Fuegia.
Boasandbdbh
Fam. Mytacez.
Gen. MNIUM Dill.
Mnium leptolimbatum C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
M. vostratum Br. & Schimp., Falkland Is.; Fuegia; Patagon. austr.
et OCC,
Fam. RuHIZzOGONIACEZ.
Gen. RHIZOGONIUM Brid.
Rhizogontum munioides (Hook.) Sch., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
R. veticulatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon.
austr.
R. subbasilare (Hook.) Sch., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Fam. LrerprosToOMACEA.
Germ PO) LOMUNSR= Br:
Leptostomum menziesi (Hook.) R. Br., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
it, Gal PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Gen. LEPTOTHECA Schwaegr.
Lepiotheca gaudichaudi Schwaegr., Falkland Is.
L. spegazzini C. Miill., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Fam. AULACOMNIACEA.
Gen. AULACOMNIUM Schwaegr.
Aulacomnium palustre (L.) Schwaegr., Patagon. austr.
Fam. BartTRAMIACEA.
Gen. BARTRAMIA Hedw.
Bartramia aristata Sch., Fuegia austr.
B. magellanica Aongstr., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
B. patens Brid., Falkland Is.; Staaten I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
B. pomiformis (L.) Hedw., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
B. typhylla var. avene Besch., Patagon. austr.
Gen. BARTRAMIDULA Br. Eur.
Bartramidula exigua (Sull.) Jaeg., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
Gen. CONOSTOMUM Sw.
Conostomum australe Sw., Falkland Is.; Hermite I.; Fuegia.
C. magelanicum Sull., Fuegia.
Gen) BREUTELIA Sch:
Breutelia aureola Besch., Patagon. occ.
B. brachycoma Besch., Patagon. occ.
B. dumosa Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
B. elongata Hook. f. & Wils., Fret. Mag. oce.; Patagon. occ.
LB. hariotiana Besch., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
B. pendula (Hook.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
B. plicata Mitt., Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
LB. robusta (Hook. f. & Wils.) Jaeg., Fuegia.
B. rupestris (Mitt.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. I15
Gen. PHILONOTIS Brid.
Philonotis nigroflava C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
P. parallela Dusén, Patagon. austr. et occ.
P. vagans (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Fam. PoLytTrRICHACE.
(GcoyeenO myer Cli UES, Cavall
Polytrichadelphus dendroides (Hedw.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Pata-
gon. Occ.
P. magellanicus (L.) Mitt., Falkland I.; Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
P. squamosa (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Falkland Is.; Fuegia.
Gen. POLYTRICHUM Dill.
Polytrichum elongatum P. B., Fret. Mag.
P. juniperinum Hedw., Hermite I.; Cape Horn; Falkland Is.; Fuegia ;
Patagon.
P. patagonicum C. Miill., Fuegia; Patagon.
P. piliferum Schreb., Falkland Is.; Cape Horn; Fuegia; Patagon.
P. strictum Banks, Fuegia; Patagon.
P. trachynotum C. Miill., Fuegia.
P. shegazzini C. Miill., Fuegia-austr.
Gen. PSILOPILUM Brid.
Psilopilum compressum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
PPO © @ATIOR TN BB
Fam. RuAcocARPACE.
Gens RHACOGARPUSs Lindl:
Rhacocarpus humboldti (Spreng.) Lindb., Falkland Is.; Hermite L.;
Fuegia; Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
Fam. CrvypHAACEZ.
Gene @h vit ACA brid:
Cryphea consimilis Mont., Patagon. occ.
C. tenella Mitt., Patagon. occ., Lago Nahuel-huapi.
116 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Gen. DENDROCRYPH ALAS Par A& Sch:
Dendrocryphea gorveana (Mont.) Par., Patagon. occ.
Fam. LEpropONTACE.
Gen. LEPTODON Mohr.
Leptodon smithiw (Dicks.) Mohr., Patagon. occ., Lago Nahuel-huapi.
Fam. LEucoDONTACEZ.
Gen. LEPYRODON Hpe.
Lepyrodon implexus (Kze.) Par., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
L. lagurus (Hook.) Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
Fam. NEcKERACE.
Gen FILO TRICHERUARGy Vint
Pilotrichella cumingw (C. Miill.) Lor., Patagon. occ.
P. krauset Lor., Patagon. occ.
Gen. NECKERA Hedw.
Neckera chilensts Mitt., Patagon. occ.
N. scabridens C. Miill., Patagon. occ.
Gen. THAMNIUM Br. Eur.
Thamnium arbusculans C. Mill. in herb., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
T. decumbens Besch., Fret. Mag.
Fam. HooxkeEriAce&.
Gen. MNIADELPHUS C. Mill.
Mniadelphus flaccidus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Hpe., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
M. krauset Lor., Fuegia; Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
Gen. CYATHOPHORUM PP. Beauv.
Cyathophorum splendidissimum (Mont.) Hpe. & Lor., Patagon. occ.
Gen. ERIOPUS Brid.
Eviopus apiculatus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. I17
Gen. HOOKERIA Sm.
FHlookeria ancistroides Mont., Patagon. occ.
Geta So tIGHOPEVIELUMs Dz. &. Mitt.
Distichophyllum adicksont (Hook.) Mitt., Falkland Is.; Hermite L.;
Fuegia. |
D. evemtle (C. Miill.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
D. mole Besch., Fuegia.
D. nigricans Besch., Fuegia.
D. patagonicum Besch., Patagon. occ.
Gen. PIERYGOPHYLLUM Brid.
Pterygophyllum anomalum (Schwaegr.) Mitt., Hermite I.
P. denticulatum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt. Falkland Is.; Hermite I.
P. magellanicum Besch., Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
P. obscurum (Mont.) Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Fam. LesKEAceaz.
Gen. LESKEA Hedw.
Leskea fuegiana Besch., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
Fam. STEREODONTACE.
Gen. ACROCLADIUM Mitt.
Acrocladium auriculatum Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
A. chlamydophyllum (Hook. f. & Wils.), Fuegia; Patagon. austr. et occ.
A. (?) morenot C. Miill., Patagon. occ.
Gen. CATAGONIUM C. Mill.
Catagonium politum (Hook. f. & Wils.) C. Miill., Hermite I.; Fuegia;
Patagon. austr. et occ.
Gen, PLAGIOLHECIUM Br. Eur.
Plagiothectum leptoplumosum Dusén, Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
P. lucidulum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Mitt., Falkland Is.; Hermite I; Fuegia.
P. magellanicum (C. Miill.), Fuegia austr.
118 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Gen. STEREODON (Brid.) Mitt.
Steveodon lechlert (C. Miill.), Patagon. occ.
S. nitedus (Hook. f. & Wils.), Staaten I.; Hermite I.; Fuegia.
Gen. PTYCHOMNIUM Mitt.
Ptychomnium aciculare (Brid.) Mitt., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
P. cygnisetum (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
P. ptychocarpon (Schwaegr.) Mitt., Patagon. occ.
P. subaciculare Besch., Patagon. occ.
Gen. CLADOMNIUM Hook. f. & Wils.
Cladomnium gracile (Hpe.) Mitt., Patagon. occ.
Fam. SEMATOPHYLLACE.
Gen ‘RAAPHIDOSTEGI UM ret ar
Rhaphidostegium amenum (Hedw.) Par., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
R. calidum (Mont.) Jaeg., Patagon. occ.
R. leucocyton (C. Miill.) Jaeg., Hermite I.
R. noduliferum (Mitt.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
R. pallens (Sch.), Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
R. secundifolium (C. Mill.) Jaeg., Hermite I.; Fuegia. >
Fam. Hypnacea.
Gen JBRACHYTHECIUMe Gastar
Brachythecium longidens (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
B. morenot C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
B. paradoxum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Besch., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Pata-
gon. austr. et Occ.
B. seviceo-virens (C. Mill.) Par., Fuegia.
B. spegazzini (C. Miill.) Par., Fret. Mag.
B. spurio-albicans C. Miill., Patagon. austr.
B. subpilosum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Par., Falkland Is.
Gen. ERIODON Mont.
E:riodon conostomus Mont., Patagon. occ.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 119
Gen. RIGODIUM Kze.
Rigodium nano-fasciculatum C. Miill., Patagon. occ.
R. tamarnix C. Miill., Fuegia.
R. toxarion (Schwaegr.) Sch., Patagon. occ.
Gen. SCIAROMIUM Mitt.
Sctaromtum confiuens (C. Miill.) Par., Patagon. austr. et occ.
S. depastum Dusén, Fuegia austr.
Gene eB RERORTY ELUM: Mitt.
Steveophyllum fuegianum Besch., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
Gen. AMBLYSTEGIUM.
Amblystegium uncinatum De Not.; var. symmetricum (Ren. et Card.),
Fueg.; Patagon. occ.
Gen. HYPNUM Dill.
fFTypnum austro-uncinatum C. Miill., Patagon. occ.
FT. fluitans L. var. laculosa (C. Miill.) Par., Staaten I
FHT. fuegtanum (Mitt.) C. Miill., Hermite I.; Fuegia.
FT. longifolium (Mitt.) Jaeg., Falkland Is.
FT. uncinatum Hedw., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
FI. perplicatum Dusén, Fret. Mag. .
Gen. HYPNODENDRON C. Miill.
EHypnodendron krauset (C. Miill.) Jaeg., Patagon. occ.
Fam. HyrorreryGIAcE&é.
Gen HY POPTERYGIUM "Brid.
Lypopterygium didictyon C. Mill., Hermite I.; Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Ff. flexisetum Upe., Patagon. occ.
FT. thouiniz Mont., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
[20 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
B. UNDESCRIBED SPECIES EXAMINED FANDSNAMEDSGGT
THE SDESCRTEIONS SN GO igeV i ets lel Sioa.
SEA GING:
Fam. SPHAGNACEA.
Gen. SPHAGNUM Dill.
Sphagnum rigescens \Warmst., Fret. Mag. occ.
AN DRE Ale Eo.
Fam. ANDREAZACEZ.
Gen. ANDREAZA Ehrh.
Andreea loricata Dusén, Fuegia.
A. pachyphylla (C. Miill.) Dusén, Fuegia. (Syn. Grimmia pachyphyla
C. Miill.)
A. pulvinatula Dusén, Fuegia.
A. purpurascens Dusén, Fuegia.
A. vermicularis Dusén, Fuegia.
BRYALES.
ACROCARPINEZ.
Fam. Dicranace@.
Subfam. D/CRANELLEA:.
Gen. ANISOTHECIUM Mitt.
Anmisothecium persguarrosum Dusén, Patagon. occ.
Subfam. D/CRANE Az.
Gen. DICRANOWEISIA Lindb.
Dicranoweista tenella Dusén, Patagon. occ.
DUSEN : PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES. 121
Gen. DICRANUM Hedw.
LDicranum capillifolium Broth., Patagon. occ.
D. grandialare Dusén, Patagon. occ.
D. percompactum Dusén, Fret. Mag. occ.
D. perremotifolium Dusén, Patagon. occ.
D. peruncinatum Dusén, Patagon. austr.
Gen. CAMPYLOPUS Brid.
Campylopus flavo-nigritus Dusén, Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
C. occultoviridis Dusén, Fret. Mag. occ., Patagon. occ.
C. patagonicus Broth., Patagon. occ.
C. purpureocaulis Dusén mus., Fret. Mag. occ.
C. sordidonigritus Dusén mus., Fret. Mag. occ.
C. sulphureo-nigritus Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Subfam. SEL/GERIEA.
Gen. BLINDIA Br. Eur.
Blhindia globularis Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. pseudo-robusta Dusén mus., Fret. Mag. occ.
B. sulphurea Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Fam. PottTiacez.
SUblane ys OC // seas,
Gen. BARBULA Hedw.
Barbula brachycheta Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. flavido-pilosa Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. marginato-serrata Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. micro-runcinata Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. nanophylla Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. perangusta Dusén mus., Patagon. austr.
SEN JISC GENS i) Yaa ay
Gen. EUCALYPTA Schreb.
Eucalypta patagonica Broth. mus., Patagon. austr.
122 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Fam. GriIMMIACEZ.
Gen. GRIMMIA Ehrh.
Grimmia avachnotdea Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
G. flexiseta Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
G. pycnophyla Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. RHACOMITRIUM Brid.
Rhacomitrium flavo-palidum Dusén mus., Fuegia, Patagon. occ.
Fam. OrtTHOTRICHACES.
Gen. ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw.
Orthotrichum angustissemum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
O. hymenomitrium Dusén mus., Patagon. austr.
O. Ligulatum Dusén mus., Fret. Mag. occ.
O. nigritellum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
O. paleomitrium Dusén mus., Patagon. austr.
O. perpusillum Dusen mus., Patagon. occ.
O. subassimile Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen, UO PAR bad:
Ulota macrodonta Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
U. persubulata Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. MACROMITRIUM Brid.
Macromitrium spurio-crispulum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
M. sub-piliferum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. ZYGODON Hook. & Tayl.
Zydodon gracilimus Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. PENTASITIGHE REA Cavaik
Pentastichella aurea Dusén, Patagon. occ.
Fam. Bryacez.
Gen. BRYUM Dill.
Bryum evrugo Dusén mus., Fuegia.
BL. antsodontaceum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES.
B. brevigemmatum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. demissum Dusén mus.
B. flavo-palhdum Dusén mus., Fuegia orientalis.
B. hamatum Dusén mus., Fret. Mag. occ.; Patagon. occ.
B. leuco-aristatum Dusén mus., Patagon. austr.
B. lliputanum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. myurella Dusén mus., Fuegia austr.
B. tenutrete Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. WEBERA Hedw.
Webera timmeecautlon Dusén mus., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
Fam. BarTRAMIACEA.
Gen. ANACOLIA Schr.
Anacola aurea Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. BREUTELIA Sch.
Breuteha subelongata Broth. mus., Fuegia; Patagon. occ.
B. glabrifoha Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Fam. PotytricHack&.
ermal yun iON: Cy Null
Cone Oly URICHAUEBEBHUS Gy Mull.
Polytrichadelphus stricticaults Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
PLEUROCARPINE.
Fam. CrRvPHAACEZ.
Gen CRY PH AIAG Brid:
Cryphea mollis Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Fam. HookeErIAcE&.
Gen. DALTONIA Hook. & Tayl.
Dattonia patagonica Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
124 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Gen. ERIOPUS C. Mill. in herb.
Eriopus odontoloma C. Miill. in herb., Patagon. occ.
Gen. DISTICHOPHYLLUM Dz. & Mitt.
Distichophyllum crispatissimum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gens FPP PRY GORA Ieee rics
Plerygophyllum lamelatum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Fam. LEsKEAcez.
Gen. THUIDIUM Br. Eur.
Thuidium corralense Broth. mus., Fuegia austr.
Fam. STEREODONTACEE.
Gen. ECTROPOTHECIUM Mitt:
Ectropothectum spirifoium Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. CLADOMNIUM Hook. fil. & Wils.
Cladomnium crenato-obtusum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Fam. SEMATOPHYLLACEZ.
Gen. RHAPHIDOSTEGIUM Br. Eur.
Rhaphidostegium berberidis Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
R. patagonicum Broth. mus., Patagon. occ.
R. polytrichadelphum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
R. strictifes Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
R. tristifolium Dusén mus., Patagon. austr.
Fam. Hvenacea.
Gen. ISOTHECIUM Brid.
Isothecitum serpens Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
DUSEN: PATAGONIAN AND FUEGIAN MOSSES.
Gens BRACH Y THECIUM Br. Eur:
Brachythectum cuspidarioides Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. mausculum Dusén mus., Fuegia; Fret. Mag.
B. subtilicaule Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
B. turgens Dusén mus., Fuegia austr.
Gens kA VNCHOSTEGIUM Br.-Eur.
Rhynchostegium byssicladum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
R. molissimum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen. RIGODIUM Kae.
Rigodium pseudo-thuidium Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
R. carnosulum Dusén mus., Patagon. occ.
Gen AMBLYSTEGIOM-Br. Eur.
Amblystegium megachete Dusén mus., Fuegia occ.
125
126 | PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
(Lncerte Seats.)
Family CHARACEAE. STONEWoRTS.
Aquatic cellular plants with segmented stems, the internode having
one long axial cell, and the node consisting of several short cells.
Whorled leaves, sometimes with axillary branches, arise from the node,
and are themselves segmented and leaf-bearing ; also bearing sexual re-
productive organs at their nodes. Antheridia globular, bearing in their
interior bundles of jointed filaments which produce many coiled and
ciliated spermatozoids. Odgonia ovoid, consisting of 5 filaments spirally
wound around a-single egg-cell, and surmounted by crown-cells.
Species 160, in fresh or brackish water.
CHARA finn:
Stem and leaves usually corticated by longitudinal cells, often becom-
ing encrusted with lime. Spore-sac above antheridium. Crown-cells 5,
C. ratipa A. Braun (C. va/garts Linn. p. p.).
Cortical tubules twice as many as the leaves. Whorls about 8-leaved;
stipular circle double, weak.
South Patagonia: by J. B. Hatcher, near Rio de la Santa Cruz. De-
termined by the late T. F. Allen.
(Nearly cosmopolitan: as is C. fragilis Desv. the other section of C.
vulgaris L., distinguished by its cortical tubules thrice as many as the
leaves. Both are much encrusted and fragile.)
PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS.
BY
Ge vlA CU OsSK LE:
(DETERMINATIONS BY Lucien M. UNDERWooD.)
Family 1. Opnutocrossace#. Adder’s-tongue.
More or less succulent plants consisting of a stem and leaf growing
from a fleshy root. Sporesacs without annulus, crowded in one or more
spikes or panicles, and opening by a transverse slit.
CHIROGLOSSA Presl. (Section of Op/zoglossum.)
Frond broad, to 30 cm., palmately lobed. Spikes with 2-ranked spore-
sacs, several on base of frond and stipe.
C. PALMATA (Linn.).
mie sit nupiece Er. 1, 4. p. 478 °B.
(W. Indies; Brazil; Bourbon I.); Patagonia.
BOTRYCHIUM Swartz.
Rootstocks fleshy, clustered. Frond pinnately parted. Fruit 1—3-pin-
nate, with rows of sessile sporesacs.
B. LUNARIA (L.) Sw. Moonwort.
Frond pinnately divided into fan-shaped segments, 10 cm. high.
fomiebritt. « Broisp. 3; Eng. & Fr. i 4, p. 457.
S. Patagon., by Hatcher, ‘‘a var., or possibly an undescribed species,
but the material insufficient.” (L. M. Underwood.)
Fam. 2. Hymenopuyiiacee#. Filmy-ferns.
Membranaceous, small, with slender creeping rootstocks. Leaves much
divided. Sporesacs on marginal, usually elongated receptacles; with
horizontal ring, and opening apically.
127
128 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species chiefly tropical; also-many in New Zealand, and some in tem-
perate climates.
TRICHOMANES Linn.
Indusium tubular or cuplike, sometimes 2-lipped.
Species 100, mostly tropical.
T. ca@sspitosuM (Gaud.) Hook. (SerAyllopsts antarctica Besch.)
Frond once-pinnate, 5 cm. high; pinnz small, entire, their surface hori-
zontal, their rachis not winged. Reddish hairs on stipe and veins.
Patagonia to Cape Horn; Falklands. ‘Common on trunks of trees.”
T. FLABELLATUM Bory.
Frond fan-shaped, orbicular, palmately divided halfway; the ultimate
lobes short, linear, entire, 5 cm. high.
Falklands.
HYMENOPHYLLUM Linn.
Indusium 2-valved, receptacle not protruding.
Species at least 100, chiefly tropical.
H. aBruptuM Hook. f.
Glabrous, 25 mm. high. Frond oval-triangular, once-pinnatifid; pinnz
at most simply forked. Main rachis broad-winged below.
(W. Indies; Brazil); Patagon.; Clarence I. (var. dvevzf/rons).
H. ARUGINOSUM Carm.
10cm. Stipe tomentose. Frond thrice pinnatifid, pubescent. Main
rachis winged above. Ultimate segments linear with terminal sori.
(Tristan); W. Magellan.
H. pripGesit Hook.
12cm. Frond ovate-triangular, thrice-pinnate. Rachis slightly winged
above. Ultimate segments narrow-linear, rigid, not crisped, spinulose-
toothed. Sori at base of pinnules.
(Melville I.); Fuegia (by Dusén).
H. czsspitosum Christ.
Low, densely cespitose, 2-3 cm. Its 12-15 pinne spirally arranged,
simple or bipartite. Sori?
W. Patagon.; S. Fuegia (by Dusén).
MACLOSKIE : PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS. 129
H. CAUDICULATUM (Mart.) var. caupATuM Bosch.
Stipe to 15 cm., broad-winged above. Frond thrice-pinnatifid; main
rachis with a crisp wing; var. also with the secondary rachis winged.
Sori apical on the segments.
Chonos Archip. S. Patagonia, Otway.
H. CRUENTUM Cav.
10cm. Frond simple, sinuate, glabrous. Sori at apex of the sinua-
tions.
Fig. in Eng. & Pr. 1. 4. p. 109. A. Patagonia, Otway.
H. DICHOTOMUM Cav.
To 20 cm. Frond and segments crisped, twice to thrice-pinnatifid.
Stipe and rachis winged. Ultimate segments broad-linear. Sori in their
axils. Valves of indusium spinose.
(Chili); W. Magellan. Otway.
H. DICRANOTRICHUM (Presl.). (47. chiloénse Hook.)
7 cm. Frond ciliated, hairy, twice-pinnatifid. Rachis zigzag, ciliated
and winged. Stipe not winged. Sori singly at base of pinne, only on
the upper side.
Chonos Archip.; Chiloe; Otway.
H. puseni Christ.
Mosslike, cespitose, 5 mm. high. Frond once-pinnate; pinnz pecti-
nate; their segments ligulate-linear, with rufous apex and dark single
nerve. Margin ciliate. Sori?
W. Magellan; S. Fuegia at 500 meters elevation.
H. FALKLANDICUM Baker.
4 cm. Stipe filiform. Frond not crisped, twice-pinnatifid. Rachis
flexuous, filiform; ultimate lobes ligulate, ciliate-toothed. Sori solitary
at base of upper pinne.
Falklands.
H. MAGELLANICUM (Desv. sub Dedymoglossum) Hook. & Bak.
To 20cm. Stipe and rachis winged throughout. Frond thrice-pinna-
tifid; its ultimate segments spinulose-toothed. Sori 6-10, terminal.
(Chili; Organ Mts.); Chiloe; W. Magellan, Churucca, on old trees.
130 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
H. NIGRICANS Colla. (4. fortuosum Hook., non Banks.)
15cm. Stipe wiry, it and rachis winged throughout. Frond crisped,
broad ovate-triangular, thrice-pinnatifid. Ultimate segments linear,
toothed. Sori 10-00, terminal on the pinnules.
(Chili); Patagon., and adjacent Is., to Cape Horn.
H. PECTINATUM Cav.
To 18 cm. Stipes wiry. Fronds pinnate: rachis winged next apex.
Pinnze winged on lower, pectinate on upper side. Sori terminal on prox-
imal segments of upper side. Beautiful.
Chonos Archip.; W. Magellan., “common on trunks of trees and rot-
ting wood.” (Dusén.) Patagonia, Churucca.
H. pettatum Poir. (‘oldest name” W. J. Hook.). (77. cunbridgense
Sm. var. welsont Hook.)
5 cm. Frond pinnate; the pinnz distichous, and pinnatifid on their
upper side only. Margins spinulose-toothed. Rachis and upper part of
stipe winged.
(Norway; British Isles; Australia; N. Zeal.; Chili); Chonos to Cape
Horn; Falklands.
H. RaRuM Br. (AH. darwinit Hook.)
12cm. Glabrous. Twice-pinnatifid; with winged rachis. Sori large,
terminal on the broad segments.
(S. Afr., Tasmania; N. Zeal.); Patag., Fuegia; Falklands; Staaten I.
H. sEcuNDuM Hook. & Grev.
8cm. Frond pinnate; pinnz recurved, flabellate-pinnatifid. Ultimate
segments linear-spinulose-toothed, falcate, secund. Sori solitary at base
of pinnze on upper side.
W. Magellan., on mossy soil in woods near Churucca. Fuegia to Cape
Lorn, taatena:
H. SUBTILISSIMUM Kunze.
20cm. Stipe wiry, tomentose. Frond hairy, thrice-pinnatifid. Rachis
slightly winged above. Ultimate segments broad-linear, with copious
tawny stellate hairs. Sori terminal.
(New Zealand; Chili; Fernandez); Chiloe; Patagonia, Otway; Fuegia
tO} elt osic,
MACLOSKIE : PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS. I3I
H. tortuosum Banks & Sol.
15 cm. Stipe and rachis winged. Frond crisped, thrice-pinnatifid.
Ultimate segments linear, toothed and wavy. Sori numerous, terminal
on the segments.
Chonos Archip., Fuegia throughout; S. Patagonia (by Hatcher).
Fam. 3. CyATHEACEA.
Mostly tree-ferns with large compound fronds. Sessile or stalked
sporesacs, with complete ring, obovoid and crowded on a convex recep-
tacle, opening by a transverse slit.
Chiefly tropical; also in colder parts of S. Amer. and in Tasmania and
New Zealand.
PAISSOL WUBI e Leste
Sori globose, dorsal on a vein or the forking of a vein, mostly hairy.
Indusium none.
Species 150, S. America; Africa; Pacific Is.
A. PRUINATA Kaulf.
Thrice-pinnate; pinnz 40 cm. long, hoary, white underneath. Leaf-
stalks woolly. Sori solitary near the chief nerves, one or more to each
lobule.
PrexmandavV. indices; o. Amer. (Fig. in’ Eng. & Pr. 1.4. ‘p. 133. C.)
Patagonia, Otway (Savatier). ‘Not previously observed south of Juan
Fernandez I. Its occurrence in Patagonia is a very interesting fact” (A.
Franchet).
Fam. 4. PoLypoDIacea.
Ferns of varying habit, coiled in vernation. Sporesacs mostly with
incomplete vertical rings, opening transversely; stalked; their clusters
(sori) on the underside of the fronds, or on contracted fronds; mostly
with an indusium.
Species about 3000, cosmopolitan.
BLECHNUM Linn.
Sori in continuous lines, not marginal, one on each side of the midrib,
with a continuous indusium, which opens towards the midrib. Veins
forked.
132 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 20, chiefly trop. and s. temp.
B. PINNA-MARINA (Poir.) Mitt. (Lomaria alpina Spr.)
Rhizome slender, wide-creeping. Frond 15 cm. long, pinnate; the
pinne 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, obtuse. Fertile frond longer than the
barren.
(N. Zeal.; Austral.; Kerguel.; Tristan; Brazil); Magellan; Fuegia to
Cape Horn; Falklands; S. Patagonia (by Hatcher).
B. TABULARE (Thun.) Kuhn. (Lomaria magellanica Desv.)
Stout, 30-60 cm. high. Barren frond ovate, with small pinnz. Fertile
pinnee linear, close. Often shortly treelike, the stem covered with linear-
sagittate scales. Indusium fimbriated.
(S. Afr., Mascarenes; Tristan); W. Indies to Fuegia. Patagonia, at
Puerto Bueno.
ASPLENIUM Linn.
Sori linear to oblong, with indusia of the same shape, oblique and
opening towards the midnerve.
Species 350, widely distributed.
A. MAGELLANICUM Kaulf.
Stems tufted, wiry, ebeneous below, 8cm. Frond deltoid, pinnate, and
the lower pinnz pinnate, and twice pinnately divided, with incised-serrate
segments. Sori copious, at length covering all the surface.
Magellan ;. Fuegia to Cape Horn; S. Patagonia (by Hatcher).
A. MULTIFIDUM Brack.
Stout. Frond ample, to 60 cm. across, subdeltoid, 4 times pinnate.
Ultimate segments oblong-spatulate, toothed. Sori marginal, 1 to each
division.
S. Fuegia (allied forms in S. Afr., Austral., N. Zeal., and Hawaii).
DRYOPTERIS Adans. 1763. Shield-ferns.
(Aspidium Sw. 1800. FPolysttchum Roth. 1797.)
Ferns with round sori, and peltate or cordate-reniform indusia, these
fixed by the sinus or center. Fertile and sterile fronds similar. Stipe
foe
MACLOSKIE: PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS. 133
not articulated on the rhizome. Sporesacs with incomplete vertical ring,
bursting transversely.
Species 350, widely distributed.
D. ACULEATA (L.) O. Kuntze.
To 1 meter. Frond ovate-lanceolate, once-pinnate, and the lower
pinnz again pinnate; coriaceous, evergreen. Teeth awned. Scales on
stalk and rachis. Sori in 2 rows near midveins.
PiPmilee non ocolLinleA, palO2 aA.
Cosmopolitan; rare in U. S. S. Patagonia (by Hatcher).
D. ADIANTIFORMIS (Forst. 1786) O. Kuntze.
(Polypodium coriaceum Sw. 1788.)
Frond subdeltoid, 60 by 40 cm., once-pinnate and the lower pinnz
twice-pinnatifid, the teeth not mucronate. MRachis polished. Sori broad,
in 2 rows, filling nearly all the space.
(New Zealand & Pacific Is.; Austral.; Mascarenes; S. Africa; Cuba to
Patagonia); S. Patagonia by R. Sta Cruz; Lago Argentino; Fuegia,
Beagle Canal.
D. MOHRIOIDES (Bory) O. Kuntze.
Stout, 25 cm. high. Frond once-pinnate, and the lower pinne again
pinnate, the segments obtuse, not awned, slightly toothed. Stem and
rachis scaly. Sori copious.
(Marion I., Chili); Patagonia; W. Magellan at an elevation of 500
meters (Dusén).
D. vesTiTa (Forst.).
To 50cm. Pinnz once-pinnate, and the lower pinnz again pinnate.
Rachis with red-brown fibrilla and dark brown scales. Teeth awned.
Sori 2-seriate, nearer the midnerve.
(Tasmania; Auckland Is.); S. Fuegia.
FILIX Adans. 1763. (Cystopierts Bern. 1811.)
Fronds all flat. Sori roundish; indusium partly inferior, fixed by a
broad base, and enclosing the sorus as a hood.
Species 5, chiefly in northern zone.
134 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
F. FRAGILIS (Linn. sub Polypodium).
Rhizome short, densely leaved, 25 cm. high. Frond ovate-lanceolate,
thrice-pinnatifid ; rachis winged above. Ultimate segments rather long,
toothed. Sori 2-12 toa pinnule, indusia early withering.
Pigoin Eng. & Priya) pa1637A-C ys Gritteoceoieiaipoalss
(In cold climates, and tropical mountains, nearly cosmopolitan) ; Magel-
lan; S. Fuegia; Falklands.
POLY PODIUMe Linn:
Fronds articulate on the rhizome, usually all similar, simple or pinnate.
Sori round or nearly so, without indusium. Sporesacs with vertical ring,
opening transversely.
Species 350, mostly tropical.
P. AUSTRALE (Br.) Mett. (Gvammiutis australs Br.)
Rhizome short, creeping, scaly. Fronds fasciculate, their stipes short,
their laminze 15 cm. long, 1.5 cm. broad, spatulate. Sori rather long,
near the midnerve.
(Austral., New Zealand at 1,500 meters elevation; Marion I.; New
Caled.; Tristan); Patagonia; W. Magellan, in Desolation I. on stems of
trees (Dusén); Fuegia, Camden I.
P. AUSTRALE NANUM Brack.
Densely cespitose. Fronds only 10-15 mm. long, stipe included.
W. Magellan, heights near Packsaddle Anchorage.
Fam. 5. GLeICcHENIACE.
Sori terminal, dorsal, or on the ends of the veins, small, of few sessile
or subsessile sporesacs, and with no indusium. Ring transverse, com-
plete ; sporesacs opening by vertical slits. Veins free.
Species 26, tropical, and southern.
GLEICHENIA Smith.
Rhizome creeping. Leaves usually spreading, veins forked.
Species 25.
MACLOSKIE: PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS. 135
G. CRYPTOCARPA Hook.
Frond proliferous with yellow-brown branches, dichotomously fan-
shaped. Pinnz pectinate; their segments narrow-linear, with involute
margin concealing the sori.
Chili; Chiloe ; Falklands.
G. QUADRIPARTITA Hook. (G. acuttfolia Hook.)
Frond black when dry, reddish underneath, and chaffy on the coste,
not proliferous, but once forking, and each branch fanways dichotomous.
Pinnz lanceolate, acuminate, falcate, pectinate, 12 cm. long.
Magellan, at Port Famine, & W. Magellan, Churucca.
Fam. 6. ScHIZAACEZ.
Leaves simple or pinnate. Sporesacs in spikes or panicles, ovoid, ses-
sile, with a small apical ring, opening by a vertical slit.
Species 75, mostly tropical.
SCHIZAA Smith.
Small, slender ferns with filiform, linear fronds; the fertile longer than
the sterile, bearing close distichous spikes.
Species 16.
S. AUSTRALIS Gaud.
Fronds not forked, wiry, subterete, 4 cm. long by .5 mm. broad, chan-
neled in front. Fertile frond with about 6 short spreading spikes on
each side.
(Auckland Is. ‘Common on hard soil where nothing else grows save
lichens.” J. D. Hooker) ; Falklands.
Fam. 7. Satviniace#. Water-ferns.
Small floating plants, with 2-ranked leaves on an axis circinately devel-
oped, and 1-celled sporesacs having a central receptacle, megasporangia
and micro-sporangia in different fruits.
Species 20, widely distributed.
LMAOMA Bia Bela
Leaves minute, 2-lobed, a larger floating and a smaller submerged lobe
on pinnately branching stems. Masses of microspores with glochidia.
Species 5.
136 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A. FILICULOIDES Lam. (4. magellanica Willd.)
Racemosely branching; a root on every branch. -Upper leaf-lobes with
1-celled, broadly based hairs. Leaves closely imbricating, oblong, obtuse,
membranaceous margined, not reddish.
Figs in Bnol oc .Prer App. 305 6300)1200130 7
(California to Chili, Brazil, & Patagonia); S. Patagonia, in stagnant
waters.
Magellan; Falklands.
A. caroliniana W. (of N. America, to Calif. and by New Mexico to S.
America) has spreading leaves, reddish below, not membranaceous at the
margin: y (Vid in bac ale passa
Fam. 8. Eoutsetace&. Horsetails.
Erect plants with jointed hollow and fluted stems, having whorled
branches and leaves reduced to sheaths at the joints. Sporesacs 1-celled,
suspended under the peltate polygonal scales of the terminal cone-like
spikes. Spores of one kind, with 4 club-shaped elaters.
Species 25, widely distributed.
BOUL Eyl eiaiiay:
The only genus at present existing.
E. RAMOSISSIMUM H. B. & K.
Stems erect, to 1.5 meters tall, terete, as thick as the little finger, the
ribs swollen, not angulate ; sub-simply branching, the branches 6-10 at
each joint, glabrous, hexagonal, themselves with one or two branchlets.
Rows of stomata 1-4 in the same plant. Teeth of sheaths spreading,
membranaceous, whitish, acute.
(Widely distributed. Got by Trelease in the Azores; Caraccas); at
Bahia Blanca, and probably in N. Patagonia (may be that seen by
Hatcher in Laguna Leona, Vol. I, p. 41).
Fam. 9. Lycoropiace#. Clubmosses.
Mosslike erect or trailing land plants with dichotomously dividing axes
ending in spikes. Sporecases in the leaf-axils of the spikes, spores all
of one kind, without elaters.
MACLOSKIE: PTERIDOPHYTA, FERNS AND FERNLIKE PLANTS. Ley)
Species existing above 100; abounding most in the Andes and Hima-
lehs; some are cosmopolitan.
LYCOPODIUM Linn.
Roots fibrous, not tuberous. Leaves all cauline, small and simple,
usually imbricating.
Species about 100.
L. CLAVATUM Linn.
Main stem creeping, 30-120 cm. or longer, leafy; sparingly rooting
and horizontally branching, and sending up aérial stems. Leaves
crowded, incurved, mostly bristle-tipped, the lower toothed, the upper
subentire. Spikes 1-4, cylindrical, on long, 8-striate peduncles. Spore-
Cases reniform. (B. & B., I, p. 43.)
(Eurasia; N. Amer. to S. Amer.)
L. CLAVATUM FASTIGIATUM Hook.
Branches erect, fastigiate.
Patagon., Fuegia to Cape Horn.
L. CLAVATUM MAGELLANICUM Hook.
Leaves more or less curved, apically awnless.*. Spike solitary and ses-
sile in starved alpine specimens; 2 or more on a peduncle in others.
Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate.
(Auckland I.; Campbell’s I., Kerguelen); Falklands; Patagonia,
Fuegia to Cape Horn (by Hatcher).
L. CONFERTUM Willd.
Stem appressed, about 45 cm. long, rooting and branching ; the branches
alternate, to 5 cm. long, and alternately branching. Leaves sparse or
crowded, linear-lanceolate, acute, secund. Spikes solitary, sessile on ends
of ascending branches, 12 mm. long, leafy; their leaves exceeding those
of the stem.
(Chili) ; Patagonia.
"In Lloyd and Underwood’s Review of N. A. Species of Lycopodium (Torr. Bull., Ap., 1900)
this awnless condition of the leaves is mentioned as characterizing ZL. clavatum Linn. when found
in the northwest of North America.
~
138 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
L. sAuRURUS Willd.
Stem simple or bifid, erect, about 30 cm. high. Leaves sparse, about
8-seriate, lanceolate, acute, concave, entire, closely imbricate.
(Kerguelen, Bourbon, Tristan, St. Helena, Peru); Falklands.
Fam. 10. Isorracr#. Quillworts.
Aquatic or marsh-plants consisting of rosettes of thick grasslike fronds
rooting in mud and bearing megasporangia and microsporangia in their
swollen, excavated bases.
Species 50, widely distributed.
ISOBGESsiiinn
The only genus.
I. SAVATIERI Franchet.
Amphibious, the submerged reaching 20 cm. in length; the emersed
about 4 cm. Leaves stout, becoming subtetragonal above and spiny
tipped. Sheath broad (7-10 mm.), dorsally sulcate, as if 2-lobed. Macro-
spores white, rugose, the rugze anastomosing. Microspores brown, muri-
cate, laterally crested.
Magellan, by lakes near Puerto Bueno; at Cape Horn; in W. Magellan,
Desolation I. (Dusén).
eeaeed eG
PEORA PATAGONICA:
PE @WeERRSEN GaP AIN DS:
AS y
Ce ven ClO Sieh:
hen sONS TOE DESCRIPIIVE EIST OF LOWERING
ie NS:
For the convenience of botanists this part aims to gather in one gen-
eral list the descriptions of the Patagonian Flora which are scattered over
many books. Extreme condensation is required by the limitations of
space; and as we deem a_natural serial arrangement of species an impos-
sibility, we have placed the species of each genus in alphabetical order,
which facilitates reference. In order to minimize the labor of identifica-
tion, all the larger genera are provided with an artificial key to the spe-
cies, whereby any plant may be paralleled with its congeners, and its
name provisionally obtained for comparison with its diagnosis in the
ensuing alphabetical arrangement.
The arrangement and diagnoses of the families and genera are in
accord with Engler and Prantl’s Pfanzenfamilien, with occasional help
from the writings of Bentham, Gray, Britton and others. Immediately
after the descriptive list we give an analysis of the Alliances and Families
of the Flowering Plants of the area; this follows the method of Engler
and Prantl, as modified by Coulter and Chamberlain.
‘For Conspectus of Orders and Familes see below, Part VI.
139
140 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Subkingdom PHANEROGAMIA (SPER-
MATOPHYTA). Flowering or Seed-
bearing Plants.
The sexual generation is so far reduced as to be apparently obsolete ;
the non-sexual generation, or sporophyte, is advanced, heterosporous,
with conspicuous secondary sexual characters which constitute flowers ;
the female sporophyls bear carpellary leaves, ultimately supporting seeds
which contain the embryo; the male sporophyls form stamens and bear
pollen.
Section 1. GYMNOSPERMA.
Trees or shrubs with unisexual flowers, in which the germinating pollen
forms prothallium-cells, one of these in each pollen-grain developing into
a siphonal antheridium ; the scale-like ovuliferous carpels not developing
into a closed ovary around the seeds.
Class I. CONIFER.
Stems branched, without ducts in the wood, but usually with some resin-
iferous canals. Leaves simple, mostly small or needle-formed. Flowers
naked, mostly in cones, the staminal in catkins.
Family 1. Pinacea#. Pines and Firs.
With regular cones having seeds inserted between their scales. Seed-
coats leathery or woody or bony. No outer integument (arillus).
Leaves spirally arranged. Seeds usually inverted.
Section Araucarineze has the carpels single (no division into cover and
fruiting scale; but sometimes a tooth-like scale on the inside). Seed only
one in each carpel, inserted on its center and inverted.
ARAUCARIA Juss. Chilian-pine.
Cones terminal, on normally or abnormally-leaved short shoots; the
made cones cylindric-conical, large, stamens very numerous, pollen-sacs
linear, 8-15 inaclosering. /ferf/e cones globular, ultimately breaking up.
MACLOSKIE: PINACE. IAI
Carpels sometimes under the point of a tooth-like ligule, woody, cuneate-
prismatic. Lxdosperm mealy. Cotyledons 2-4. Large evergreen trees
with naked buds. Leaves large, scale-like, or short and needle-form, ses-
sile with a broad base, and partly decurrent. /7wef ripening in 2 years.
Species about 6: South America and Australasia ; some fossil.
A. IMBRICATA Pav.
Branches horizontal or depressed, the ends ascending again. Leaves
lanceolate, pungent, stiff, closely imbricate-appressed. Stamens and car-
pels \ong-pointed.
South Chili, about 35-40" S. lat., along with F2fzvoya patagonica form-
ing woods at high altitudes (to 1,000 meters), and yielding both timber
and edible seeds. In islands of Lago Nahuelhuapi. |
Dusén describes a fossil 4vaucaria nathorsti Dus., in the Tertiary at
Punta Arenas. Its leaves are like those of 4. zmbricafa, but not long-pun-
gent at the apex. The silicified wood of Araucarioxylon schleinitzit
Goeppert occurs both in Magellan and on Kerguelen Island.
Araucarites ovatus Hollick is fossil in the Cretaceous beds of New
New Jersey, U.'S.
Family 2. Cupressacez. Cypress Family.
Leaves cyclic in whorls of 2-3-4. Cones woody or fleshy. Seeds 1-
many in each carpel, usually upright. Stamens 4-5 in a whorl. Pollen
not winged.
Peel ZROY Aalook sf.
Tree with 3-merous whorls of lanceolate leaves (in the Patagonian
species, but a shrub and 2-merous in the Tasmanian). Round small
cones having 2-3 pairs of carpels. Upper carfels 3-seeded (no seeds in
the lower carpels).
F. pATAGONICA Hook. f.
A stately tree with minute spreading lanceolate leaves.
N. Patagon. even in swampy woods; by Valdivia, and Lago Nahuel-
huapi.
ve, AAU LOM IE BUSS Bho nd Bayne
Trees or shrubs, the eaves 2-whorled (by crowding 4-whorled), of two
forms, the front-leaves on the branches small, appressed and scale-like, the
side-leaves long with the apex free. Come woody, having only 4, rarely
I42 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
6, unequal scales, the outer ones smaller; and 4 carpels, the upper pair
each 2-seeded. Seeds each witha large andasmall wing. (Fig. in Eng.
St) Prantiyyil sic60 7)
L. TETRAGONA Endl. (7Z/zga ¢t Hook.)
Bark reddish; the strobiliferous branch exceeding the strobile.
S. & W. Patagon.; Magellan through Fuegia to Cape Horn; under
the snow-line of the mountains; the only ‘‘needle-tree”’ of the Magellan
_ lands. Common in islands of Lago Nahuel-huapi. Stem varying accord-
ing to place from 50 centimeters to 50 meters high. This genus has
species in S. Chili, California, China, Japan, New Caledonia and New
Zealand. Allied to the amber-trees of Europe and NorthGreenland. JZ.
chilensis Endl. with dvauches compressed and /eaves acute, and strobilifer-
ous branch shorter than the strobile, extends southward in the Chilian
Andes to Valdivia, 40° S. lat.
Family 3. Taxace#. Yew Family.
Cones incomplete: seeds exposed, with an epimatium, or excrescence
from the carpel; often a fleshy cup.
Subfamily PODOCARPEZ..
Seeds more or less inverted, only 1 to each carpel. Stamens with 2
pollen-sacs ; Aollen-grains with wings. Flowers mostly dioecious.
(1) Scales of female cone very few or many, often fleshy, spirally crowded.
1. SAXBGOTHEA Lindl
An evergreen tree with linear plane to needle-shaped Zaves, in 2 diver-
gent rows. Carfe/s numerous, the scales at length fleshy and coalescing
into a round fleshy cove opening downwards. Moncecious.
SPecics sl awize
S. conspicua Lindl. (Zaxus patagonica Hort.)
Leaves with 2 white stripes underneath.
Only in lower regions of the Patagonian Andes and in Chili.
2., ,PODOGARPL Sieh er.
Trees or shrubs, with spiral, rarely opposite eaves, which are flat-needle-
form or broad, and pungent, the margins revolute. Fruiting peduncles
MACLOSKIE: TAXACEA. 143
1-flowered, very short. Seeds each exceeding its carpel; the whole in an
outer aril resembling a drupe.
P. NUBIGENA Lindl.
Leaves \inear-mucronate, glaucous underneath. Pedwncles shorter than
the obliquely 2-lobed obovate receptacle. /7vazts oblong, apiculate.
With Fitfzvoya near Valdivia and southward in Chili and West
Patagonia.
The genus has 40 species scattered over the southern hemisphere. P.
spicata Br. of New Zealand and P. andina Poepp. of South Chili are
closely allied.
(2) Scales of female cone 4, united below to form a woody cone which is enclosed by 4 upper
enlarged leaves.
See DAGRY DIUM Sok
The PzstHate flower solitary at the top of the branches. /vezf an ovoid
nut in a firm rugose integument, with involucrate bracts.
Species 12, in Malaya, Tasmania, New Zealand, Fyi, Australia; few in
Africa; the following in Chili and Patagonia. Some are tall trees.
D. FonKI (Phil. sub Lefzdothamnus) Benth.
Dwarf; with crowded small scaly leaves, and also spreading leaves.
(Chilian Andes to 44° S. lat.); Patagonia, near Lago Argentino;
Wellington Island, Port Eden. (Fig. 27.)
Dacrydium fonki. Branch with floral shoot ; and enlarged view of young flower, of fruiting shoot, and
section of fruit. (After Franchet. )
144 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Class II. GNETACE. _ Joint-firs.
Stems simple or branched, often jointed, with ducts in the wood, but
not resinous. Leaves opposite, simple, often reduced to scales. lowers
with asmall, 2—4-merous perianth. Seeds in the Patagonian forms fleshy,
like small grapes.
Family 4. EpruHepraces.
Characters of the genus, viz:
EPHEDRA Linn. Joint-firs, Sea-grapes.
Leafless shrubs, with many éranches jointed at the nodes, longitudinally
grooved like Equisetum, the branches opposite or fascicled and sub-
eee tended by pairs of leaf-scales which repre-
sent the reduced leaves. Flowers mostly dice-
cious, the male flowers in compound inflores-
cences, each with a 2-leaved perianth, and bearing
2-8 anthers on a common axis. The female
flowers having a tubular perianth contracted
above, around one erect ovule, whose integument
emerges as a tube-like micropyle; in spikelets of
2-8. fruit berry-like from red fleshy bracts.
(Fig. 28.)
Ephedra nana. Branch, nat- Species 30, over the Mediterranean region
ural size ;' female and male fowers,) (Tyrol fo Nort Attica jet hem: tinia1y o rere
enlarged. (After Dusén.) : : : : :
Orient, mountains of America, from California by
Texas to Chili, Argentina, and North and South Patagonia.
Sometimes the fruit is used medicinally and as food. ‘At Pingo-
pingo in Atacama the mules eat the branchlets of 4. andina (Poepp.)
and men eat the fruit sc. the red fleshy bracts which are insipid.” (R.
Philippi. )
(1) Moncecious.
1. E. AMERICANA Humb. & Bonpl.
Much branching, the dvanches fasciculate, terete, striate, with bifid sheaths
in the young branches ending in subulate leaves. J/a/e catkins 1-2,
sessile at the joints; anthers 4-7, sessile, making a globose head on a
MACLOSKIE: EPHEDRACE. TAG
short style. Fema/ve catkins 1-several, subsessile, 2-flowered. /nvolucres
4-6, deeply bifid, the uppermost equalling the oval pistils.
N. Patagon. and by the Andes to Quito.
2. E. TWEEDIANA Fisch. & Mey.
Subscandent shrub. Sheaths short, deeply bifid laciniate. A/a/e catkins
ageregate at the joints, sessile; authers 4-5, scarcely stipitate. Female
catkins solitary or aggregate, sessile or nearly so, 2-flowered; the upper
involucre bifid to the middle, as long as the ovate-oblong pistil.
N. Patagon. and Argentina.
(2) Dicecious.
3. E. FRUSTILLATA Miers.
A stunted shrub to cm. high with creeping caudex and reddish-brown
sulcate branches. Internodes only 12 mm. long, with whorled branches
at the nodes ; 2 sheathing leaf-scales round each node. Male and female
plants similar; flowers.on the ultimate branchlets. JZaé catkin solitary,
terminal with 4—6 pairs of decussating imbricating bracts. Anthers 5, glo-
bose, sessile on the exserted staminal column. /ema/e plant crowded
with larger dark-brown flowers, 4 at each node on short peduncles.
Chubut; S. Patagon. (Rio Sta. Cruz, J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 28, 1896.)
4. E. OCHREATA Miers.
Shrub with virgate branches and stout striatellate branchlets; inter-
nodes 5 cm. long with 3-4 leaf-scales 8 cm. long, united into a sheath
ending in long excurrent points. JZa/e catkins sessile, 4 at each node,
enclosed by the sheath; containing each 25-30 flowers. /emad/e catkins
short-peduncled, 2-4 at each node with 5-seriate involucre of decreasing
pairs. /vwt as 2 terminal achenes, turning downwards, with the apical
micropyle scarcely exserted.
S. and N. Patagon. and Argentina.
5. E. pATAGONICA Phil.
Very branching. Internodes only 9 mm. long, striate, sulcate and
smooth. Sheaths little cleft, the uppermost divided into broad-ovate
lobes. Zale catkins usually solitary on the peduncles. Anthers 3-4,
rarely 5; staminal column scarcely exceeding the involucre. Female
catkins solitary, 4-flowered; scales of involucre ovate, narrowly margined.
S. Patagon.; Lake Pinto.
(Possibly the same as Z&. frust/ata.)
146 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Section II]. MANGIOSPERMAZ.
Flowering plants whose carpels become closed ovaries, and are sur-
mounted by stigmas which receive the pollen and conduct the growing
pollen-tubes to the enclosed ovules.
@lassslo “MONO CORY TE DO Nis:
Seeds with a monocotyledonous embryo. //owers usually 3-merous.
Stem endogenous. Leaves mostly with parallel venation.
Including families 5-21; also the palms and several other families
which are not found in Patagonia.
Family 5. TypeHaces. Cat-tail Family.
Marsh or aquatic plants with creeping rootstocks and glabrous erect
terete stems. Leaves long-ensiform. //owers moncecious, in dense ter-
minal spikes. J/a/e flowers above; each with 2-7 stamens. Ovary 1-2-
locular. fevzanth of bristles; other bristles inwards. Seeds with endo-
sperm.
ZT ypha, the only genus. Species 10, in temperate and tropical regions.
TYPHA Linn.
I. IT. ANGUSTIFOLIA Linn.
Stem slender. Leaves 4-12 mm. broad. SZzkes light brown, a gap
between the staminate and pistillate flowers. Sf#gmas linear. Pollen-
grains simple.
(Eurasia and E. United States.) Argentina and North Patagonia; in
swamps near Carren-leofu.
‘Cosmopolitan ; probably disseminated by water-birds.” (J. Ball.)
2. TI. DOMINGENSIS Pers.
Robust, 2-4 meters high. Leaves 5-10, plane, the lower 20 mm. broad.
Spikes mostly remote. Hairs of made spikes rusty-brown, mostly dilated at
apex, with curved branches. female spike brown; flowers bracteolate,
pedicels 1 mm. long. Hairs apically brown, shorter than the stigmas.
Texas and southwards to Argentina and North Patagonia and West
Indies.
MACLOSKIE: POTAMOGETONACEE:, 147
Family 6. Poramocrronacez. Pondweed.
Submerged plants with kotty-jointed stems and alternate (rarely oppo-
site) leaves. //owers small, 1-sexual or hermaphrodite, regular, perianth
4-leaved or none oracup. Axthers 4 or 2, sessile. Carfels 1 or more,
usually free; each with 1 pendent seed. 4chenes hard or leathery. Endo-
sperm none.
Species 25, chiefly of temperate zones.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
1. Flowers naked, at length long-stalked. Leaves slender, acuminate. In brackish water.
1. Ruppia.
2. Sepals 4. Flowers spicate. Leaves of two kinds, the floating broader than the submerged.
Chiefly in fresh water. 2. Potamogeton.,
hoe Teak ed ede Aba ab et
Stems capillary, branching. Leaves slender, 1-nerved, acuminate, with
thin sheaths. //owers moncecious, in a spathe, at length long-peduncled,
having two sessile anthers and two sets of Azst//ate flowers on opposite
sides of the rachis; without perianth (or a single hermaphrodite flower
having 2 stamens and 4 carpels). The sade flowers fall off and after fer-
tilization the peduncles twist, drawing the ripening fruit below the water.
R. MARITIMA Linn.
Leaves 2-7 cm. long, .5 mm. wide. Drupes stipitate, 2 mm. lony.
(Cosmopolitan, in brackish water); S. Patagon. (Dusén).
2. POTAMOGETON Linn. Pondweed.
Leaves flat, often of two kinds, submerged and floating; the floating
being firmer and broader. Sfathes, or stipules, at base of the leaves or
the petioles, and usually perishing soon after expanding. Peduncles
axillary, usually emersed, bearing a spike of small flowers. Perianth-
leaves, stamens and carpels each 4. Seea’s curved.
Species 65, in temperate regions.
Kery TO THE SPECIES.
a. Leaves floating and submerged.
6. Stipules free. Fruit pitted.
c. Submerged leaves reduced to petioles. natans,
c2. Submerged leaves with lamina. fiuitans.
148 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
62. Stipules 2-ribbed, persisting. Submerged leaves tongue-shaped. Fruit keeled and
beaked. linguatus.
a2. Leaves all submerged.
6. Stipules free.
c. Leaves narrow-oblong, serrulate, 3—7-nerved, glandless. Fruit beaked. crispus.
c2. Leaves linear, with 2 small basal glands. Fruit ellipsoid.
ad. Leaves 5—7-nerved. Fruit laterally 2-pitted. Sriesi.
d2. Leaves 3-nerved. Style short. pusillus.
62. Stipules half-adnate. Leaves setaceous. Fruit scarcely keeled. pectinatus.
63. Stipules adnate. Leaves linear. Fruit 3-keeled. interruptus.
1. be CRISPUS An
Leaves 2-ranked, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, alternate or opposite,
sessile or amplexicaul, obtuse, crisped serrulate, the midrib often com-
pound with submarginal outer nerves. S/#fzles small, scarious, evanes-
cent. eduncles 4 cm. long. Spikes 12 mm. long, bristly, having beaked
drupelets. /vuzt ovoid; also with winter-buds. (Britt. & Br. i, 72.)
In ditches and sluggish streams of temperate regions.
2. P. FLUITANS Roth.
Like P. zatans, but the submerged leaves have a lamina; leaf-stalks flat
on the upper sides; floating leaves long-petiolate, lance-ovate, attenuate
both ways, rounded or narrowed at the base. Rachis thicker than the
peduncle.
In temperate and tropical climates, by J. B. Hatcher in S. Patagon.
3. P. FRrESII Ruprecht.
Stems compressed, branching. Leaves about 10 cm. by 2 mm., mostly
5-nerved, with 2 small glands at the base. S#fzu/es white-hyaline, about
20 mm. long. /eduncles 3 cm. long; spike interrupted; drufelets ellip-
soid, dorsally grooved, with a pit on each side; style recurved.
(Temperate parts of Eur. and N. Am.); Rio Coy, Patagon. (J. B.
Hatcher, Jan. 16, 1897.)
4. P. INTERRUPTUS Kitaibel.
With running rootstock often from a small tuber; branching fan-wise.
Leaves linear, 10 cm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, 3—5-nerved and also trans-
versely. Some plants with narrow 1-nerved leaves. S#fules adnate to
leaves. Peduncles 25-50 mm. long. Sfzkes slightly interrupted. Fradt
obliquely obovoid, keeled.
MACLOSKIE: POTAMOGETONACE. I49
Eur. and N. Am., in ponds.
5. P. JUNcCIFOLIUS Kerner.
In N. Fuegia (P. Dusén).
6. P. LincuaTus Hagstr. n. s.
Stem rigid, emitting near the floral leaves a spiciferous branch with
coriaceous leaves. Internodes equal in length, 4-5 cm. Submerged
eaves thin, entire, lanceolate-lingulate, obtuse, the lateral principal nerves
connected with the midnerve half way up. Floating leaves coriaceous,
oval-subcordate, petiolate, with persisting, 2-costate stipules. Peduncle
7-10 cm.; spike 3 cm. vt dorsally carinate when dry and apically
subrostrate.
S. Patagon.
Caulis 30-50 cm. altus, rigidus, teres vel subteres, 3-7 mm. crassus, ad folia floralia ramum
spiniformem foliis vere coriaceis emittens, ceterum simplex vel vix ramosus; internodia fere
equilonga (4—5 cm.); folia submersa tenuia, integerrima, lanceolato-lingulata, obtusa, lamina
g-Io cm. longa et 2.5—-3.5 lata, petiolo brevi (10-25 mm.), nervis lateralibus principalibus fere
ad medium folii cum costa centrali connexis; folia floralia longe petiolata (8 cm.), ovalia, vix
coriacea ; folia natantia coriacea, obtusa, ovali-subcordata, longe petiolata, lamina c. 8 cm. longa
et 3.5 cm. lata; stipule 4-6 cm. longe, persistentes, bicostate, costis validis, ad basin stipula-
rum valde prominentibus (costa crassitudinem stipule 3-4plo superans); pedunculus 7 cm.
Jongus ; spica mediocris, 3 cm. longa; stigma parvum, ovale (ut videtur) ; fructus 3.5 mm. lon-
gus et 2 mm. latus, apicem versus in parte dorsali siccus, conspicue carinatus, lateribus convexis,
apice inconspicue rostrato.
Hab. Patagonia australis, Kark. (30/3, 1899).
7. P. NATANS Linn.
Floating \eaves on long stalks, ovate-elliptical, many-nerved, cusp-
pointed, basi-cordate. Submerged leaves reduced to bladeless petioles.
Stipules long. Spzkes cylindrical; achenes large, 4.5 by 2.5 mm., pitted
on the sides, grooved on the back.
(Temperate N. Am. and Eur.; Chili); W. Patagon. and E. Fueg. (P.
Dusen).
8. P. PECTINATUS Linn.
Leaves all submerged, setaceous, alternate upwards, 1-nerved; stzfzles
half adnate, scarious-margined; peduncles filiform; flowers verticillate ;
stigma capitate on a short style. zt obliquely obovoid, scarcely keeled.
(N. Am. and Eur.; Cuba; Andes); S. Patagon. (Hatcher).
I50 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS ; BOTANY.
Ove bePusILiUeslsinine
Stem compressed-terete, very slender, branching. Leaves all sub-
merged, linear, 3-nerved, alternate or opposite, sheathing at the base;
stipules connate, distinct from leaf, with a gland at their base. Sfzke
stalked, slender, interrupted, 3-10-flowered. Peduucle 2-3 times longer.
(Eur.; N. Am.); S. Patagon., by Gregory Bay; Fuegia. ’
Family 7. Juncacinace#. Arrow-grass Family.
Marsh-herbs with glabrous narrow rush-like radical /eaves, sheathed at
base, and small inconspicuous 6- or 4-merous flowers in a spike or a
raceme. Pevianth 2-seriate. Stamens 6 or 4, hypogynous, the anthers ex-
trorse, subsessile. Carfels 3-6, 1-2-ovuled, more or less united. Fmbryo
straight; endosperm none. (Ovules solitary in the Patagonian forms.)
Kery To THE GENERA.
I. Flowers 4-merous. Tetroncium.
2. Flowers 6-merous. Triglochin.
3. Flowers 1-merous. Chilian Andes. Lilea.
1. TETRONCIUM Willd.
Flowers 4-merous, dioecious. Styles distinct. Stamznate flowers with
Tetroncium magellanicum. Uerbage (below, to right) ; flower and floral spike; fruit and fruiting
spike. (After Flora Antarctica.)
MACLOSKIE: JUNCAGINACEA. I5I
the perianth-leaves colored, concave, unequal, broad-ovate; stamens
inserted on their base. /st¢z//ate flowers with narrower perianth-leaves.
Carpels 4, united at base, separating above; each 1-ovulate, but only 1
seed maturing.
Only species:
T. MAGELLANICUM Willd.
Fruits directed downward on the spike. Habit of 77glochin maritima.
Magellan (Dusén); Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands. (Fig. 29.)
Zeer OG ELLING Linn:
Marsh-herbs with ligulate eaves, and 6-merous hermaphrodite flowers
racemed on a long naked scape. /vw/s of 3-6 carpels, at length separat-
iieeirom the axis, opening ventrally. (Fig. in Eng. & Pr. ii, 1, 224.
A-H.)
Species 9, in temperate and cold regions.
1. T. MARITIMA Linn. Seaside Arrow-grass.
Caudex thick, “sheathed by old leaves. Scafe stout, 15-20 cm. high.
Leaves semi-cylindric, 3 mm. wide. Raceme to 30 cm. long, crowded
with flowers on short ascending pedicels. /Avuzt ovoid, with recurved
styles.
In the cold and temperate parts of the northern hemisphere, in saline
and maritime marshes. In the southern hemisphere known only at
Magellan, and Brecknock Pass, and by Rio Deseado.
2. T. MICROPHYLLA Phil.
Fruits irregularly and broadly winged; but the wings not entire as in
Z. alata.
Patagonia.
3. T. PALUSTRIS Linn.
Leaves linear, long-pointed, shorter than the scapes. Racemes 12-30
cm. long, pedicels capillary. /7wct linear, tapering basewards, of 3 united
_carpels. Stigmas sessile.
(Eurasia; N. of N. Amer.); S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, Magellan,
and Gregory Bay; Fuegia.
152 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. T. STRIATA Ruiz & Pavon.
Rhizome stoloniferous. Leaves linear, semi-cylindric, almost equalling
the scape. Raceme many-flowered, flowers brevi-pedicillate, erect-spread-
ing. Inner stamens often abortive. vt globose; carpels of ripe fruit 3.
T. STRIATA FILIFOLIA.
Rarely exceeding 25 cm. high, the /eaves narrowly finear or filiform,
often longer than the scape. Sir Joseph Hooker says (Flor. Antarct. ii,
360) that it greatly varies in size, the scape sometimes exceeding, some-
times being shorter than the leaves.
T. STRIATA HUMILIS.
Scape 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Fruit ovoid, of 6 carpels.
Leaves linear to filiform.
(Found in New Zeal., Tasmania, Australia, Auckland I., Chili, S. Brazil,
Argentina, Peru, and thence northwards to the S. United States; also in
South Africa.) At Rio Coy, S. Patagon. by O. A. Peterson, Dec. 17, 1896.
(This has leaves shorter than the scape, pedicels 4 mm., fruit 3 mm.)
Family 8. Atismace&. Water-plantains.
Aquatic or marsh herbs, usually glabrous, with fibrous roots, scapose
stems, sheathed by basal, long-petioled leaves. Flowers racemed or
panicled, regular, with whorled pedicels subtended by bracts. Sepals 3;
petals 3, larger, imbricated. Stamens 6 ormore. Carpels superior, mostly
numerous and separate, 1-celled, usually 1-seeded. Seeds and embryo
curved. No endosperm.
Species 70, cosmopolitan by fresh water.
1. (ECHINODORUS#Rich:
Each floral verticil with 3 outer bracts and many inner bracteoles.
Petals white; receptacle large, subglobose. Stamens 12-30. Achenes
ribbed and beaked, forming spinose heads.
Species 14, mostly American.
1. E. GRANDIFLORUS (Cham. & Schl. sub 4Zsma) Michel.
Leaves cordate, obtuse. Raceme simple or compound, many-flowered.
Petals twice as long as the calyx. S¢y/e uncinate.
(S. Brazil); frequent near Rio Negro, by Carmen de Patagones.
MACLOSKIE: VALLISNERIACEA. 153
2. E. PATAGONICUS Speg.
Striate leaved, simply-scaped, subdecandrous, low. Leaves membra-
naceous, ovate-cordate or subhastate, with obtuse lobes and apex, 5—7-
nerved. Scafes trigonous, exceeding the leaves, bearing 2-3 verticils
with 3-6 flowers in each verticil; pedicels long; flowers small; stamens
erect, flavescent. Carvfe/ls very many and small, dimidiate-obovate, lat-
erally compressed and nervose, with a long gland between the nerves.
Style subterete, as long as the carpel.
N. Patagon., Neuquen near Fort Roca.
2. SAGITTARIA Linn. Arrowhead.
Perennials with nodose rootstocks, the leaves long-petioled, nerved and
with cross-veins, or reduced to bladeless phyllodes. Flowers moncecious
or dioecious, the staminate usually uppermost in the panicle. Verticils
3-flowered, 3-bracted. Petals white. Achenes in globose heads. Leaves
often arrow-shaped.
Species 30, in temperate and warm climates.
S. MONTEVIEDENSIS Cham. & Schlecht.
Leaves sagittate, rough on the margin and on the nerves and veins of
the under surface. Anthers linear, yellow. Filaments longer than the
anthers, subulate, hirt.
(S. Brazil); N. Patagon.; common near Rio Negro by Carmen.
Family 9. Vatuisneriace&. ‘Tape-grass.
Submerged and floating long grass-like herbs, with regular dicecious
flowers appearing above a 3-leaved remote spathe. Inner perianth petaloid.
Ovary 1-locular, with 3 parietal placente. Fruit ripening under water, in-
dehiscent. Seeds numerous.
VALLISNERIA Linn.
Floating in quiet streams. Staminate flowers minute, many in the
spathe, on a short scape early separating and floating freely on the sur-
face of the water. Pistillate flowers solitary on a very long spirally twisted
scape, the perianth-tube adnate to the ovary, with three small petals. The
scape by unrolling elevates the pistillate flowers to the surface, where they
154 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
are hydrophilously fertilized. They are then submerged again and ripened
under water. Fruit long-cylindric, crowned by the perianth.
V> SPIRALIS. inn:
In the warmer parts of both worlds, and in temperate North America.
In a brook by Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz, Patagon. (J. B. Hatcher, the young
plants on March 27, 1897).
Family 10. Gramine#z. ‘The Grasses.
Herbs (or rarely in the tropics woody plants), with terete hollow stems
and nodes solid (the whole stem is solid in a few), and with narrow 2-
ranked parallel-veined /eaves, sheathing at their base and the sheafhs split
in front and liguliferous at their top.
flowers glumaceous and collected in
sptkelets, each having 1-several flowers.
The spikelets arranged in compound in-
florescences, as racemes, or spikes, or con-
densed or lax panicles.
Analysis of a spikelet, Proc ae from
below upward (Fig. 30):
(1) General part, for the whole spikelen
Glumes, 1, 2, or 3; mostly 2, equal or
Poa kerguelensis. Spikelet and its diagram. unequal : often called ‘empty glumes” ;
$%, & glumes ; fg, floral glumes ; A, A, palee. here mostly called simply ‘‘the g/wmes.”
(2) Particular part, belonging to the individual flowers :
Palets or glumelles, normally 2 for each flower, viz.
(a) the outer or lower palet, often awn-bearing, and commonly termed
the “flowering-glume”’ or ‘floral glume,’ which may be conveniently
transformed into the single term, forig/ume.
(6) the upper or zzner pale¢: it is usually thinner than the preceding, is
2-keeled, not awned; and is usually next the axis, rachilla, of the spikelet.
We may call it the Jalea. Callus or anthopodium is an enlargement of
the rachilla below the flowering glume.'
Also (c) Lodicules, 1, 2, or 3 minute ‘scales,’ enclosed by the palets,
placed either anteriorly, or laterally, or posteriorly.
‘The German terms are: (spikelet) ahrchen; (empty glume) hiillspelze ; (florighume) deck-
spelze ; (palea) vorspelze.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA:. 155
(a2) Stamens 1-many; mostly 3 (the outer series of a double group, 1
being anterior and 2 postero-lateral).
(e) The ovary, 1-ovuled with inferior external emdryo ventrad of the large
floury endosperm; 2 stigmas, right and left; ripening to a grain (cary-
opsis). ;
The term ‘flower’ is used to include one set of the palets and the
parts which they enclose.
(3) Above the flowers in a spikelet and occasionally below them may
be 1 or more rudimentary flowers with palets and inner organs variously
reduced.
(4) In a few genera the whole spikelet is 1-sexual, and the whole plant
may be dicecious.
Species about 3,500, growing in all lands; the most useful of the plant-
families. [Note (1) the foliage, including the leaf-sheaths, ligules and
glabrescence or pubescence; (2) the inflorescence; (3) the parts of a
spikelet, and the number of its normal and rudimentary flowers... When
not otherwise stated in our descriptions the stamens may be assumed to
be 3, and the styles 2 with feathery stigmas. |
Key To THE TRIBES AND GENERA.
A, Spikelets 1-flowered, without prolongation of the axis: rarely with an imperfect lower flower.
Not flattened laterally. No internode between flowers or glumes, (ANDROPOGONE#.)
6. Spikelets awnless, on a jointed rachis, easily breaking; silky. 1. Elzonurus, p. 160.
62. Spikelets in pairs on a jointed hairy, not thickened rachis. One of a pair perfect and ses-
sile, the other pediceled and male. Each 1-flowered, with 4 glumes; the lowest
glume coriaceous, the uppermost (floral) usually awned. 2. Andropogon, p. 160.
63. As Andropogon, but spikelets both hermaphrodite.
c. Spike-like panicfe woolly. Palea nerveless. Awnless. 3. Lmperata, p. 161.
c2. Spike slender with jointed, excavated rachis. Rachilla awn-like: palea 2-nerved.
56. Lepturus, p. 245.
64. Spikelets all hermaphrodite, mostly glabrous, separating individually from the pedicel.
Glumes 3-4, the floral not awned, more or less coriaceous. (PANICEA.)
c. Spikelets without sterile valves or bristles or spines.
ad, Glumes 3; no callus in the spikelets.
e. Racemed or spiked ; the spikes 1-sided, in 2’s or panicled.
; 4. Paspalum, p. 162.
é2. Panicled. 5. Anthenantia, p. 163.
d2. Glumes 4 (or the lowest one obsolete); spikelets single, pediceled. Lowest
glume short; third empty or male; fourth floral. Panicle either lax or spike-
like. 6. Panicum, p. 163.
c2. Spikelets with involucres of persistent bristles or spines.
156 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
d. Bristles persisting after the fall of the spikelets.
7. Setaria (Ixophorus), p. 164.
d2. Spines forming a bur; falling away with the spikelets.
8. Cenchrus, p. 165.
Az, Spikelets 1-flowered, moncecious. Aquatic or marsh-grasses, stamens 6 or more.
(ORYZEAE. )
6. Creeping ; male and female flowers in separate panicles. 9. Luziola, p. 165.
62. Tall, male and female flowers in the same panicle, the females terminal.
10. Zizaniopsis, p. 166.
A3. Spikelets 1-many-flowered. When 1-flowered, often with prolonged axis; this is jointed
above the empty glumes and persists after the fall of the floral glume and flower. When
2-flowered there is an internode between the flowers.
B. Culm herbaceous, annual. Leaf-blade continuous with (not articulated on) the leaf-sheath
and not petioled.
C. Spikelets on pedicels, in lax or spike-like panicles, or in racemes. Rachis not thick-
ened and excavated.
D. Spikelets 1-flowered.
é. Glumes 5, the fifth floral. Palea 1-nerved. (PHALARIDEZ.)
jf. First glume shorter than second. Third and fourth still shorter, awned
dorsally, empty. Stamens 2. 11. Anthoxanthum, p. 166.
fz. Glumes 1 and 2 subequal, 3 and 4 nearly as long, often with a male flower,
awnless or shortly awned. Stamens in the hermaphrodite flowers 2.
12. Hierochloé (Savastana), p. 166.
73. Glumes 3 and 4 small and empty, awnless. Stamens 3.
13. Phalaris, p. 167.
e2. Empty glumes only 2 (rarely none), equalling or exceeding the floral glume.
Palea 2-nerved, grain not grooved. Spikelets stalked. (AGROSTIDEZ).
yf. Floral glume hard and close about the ripe grain. Spikelets all fertile.
g. Floral glume entire ; its awn 3-parted. 14. Aristida, p. 168.
g2. Floral glume entire ; its awn simple.
h. Lodicules mostly 3. Floral glume and palea becoming hard. Awn
long, twisted, persisting. 15. Stipa, p. 168.
hz. As Stipa, but floral glume broad, and its awn very caducous,
Cespitose, sometimes tall. 16. Oryzopsis, p. 177.
3. Lodicules 2, the anterior pair. Spikelet small, at most coriaceous.
Awn short, or a mere mucro. 17. Muhlenbergia, p. 178.
f2. Floral glume not as hard as the empty glumes, loosely or not at all en-
closing the ripe grain.
g. Stigma small, brush-like, protruding only slightly. Spikelets forming a
dense or short quasi-spike, the uppermost not sheathed.
hk. Empty glumes produced into awns, persisting on the axis. Floral
glume much shorter, obtuse, awnless, mostly coming away.
18. Phleum, p. 178.
h2. Spikelets when ripe easily separating as a whole. Lower pair of
glumes more or less united ; third or floral glume dorsally awned.
19. Alopecurus, p. 179.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 157
g2. Stigmas long, feathery, protruding, rarely remaining enclosed.
i, Fruit stripped of the floral glume and palea; mostly with splitting,
loosely attached pericarp. 20. Sporobolus, p. 180.
h2. Fruit enclosed in the floral glume and palea, with adhering pericarp.
7. Spikelet at length falling away as a whole, often leaving the
stump of its jointed pedicel. Empty glumes 2, awned ; floral
glume smaller, with a short awn. 21. Polypogon, p. 181.
72. Spikelet leaving the empty glume persisting on the unsegmented
hairy pedicel. Panicle mostly lax.
j. Empty glumes exceeding the usually awned floral glume.
No prolongation of the rachilla above the palea. Callus
bare. 22. Agrostis, p. 182.
jz. Rachilla or callus with a hairy tuft prolonged above the palea.
Floral glume dorsally awned, hairy. Spikelets all herma-
phrodite. 23. Calamagrostis, p. 192.
Dz. Spikelets 2—-many-flowered.
é. Floral glume usually shorter than the empty glumes. Awn dorsal, bent, rarely
apical or none, and then with 2 opposite flowers and the rachilla not prolonged.
(AVENE#.)
J. Spikelets easily deciduous as a whole, 2-flowered, upper flower staminate,
with a recurved awn. 24. Holcus, p. 196.
f2. Fruiting spikelets separating from the persisting empty glumes.
g. Spikelets always 2-flowered, without prolongation of the axis.
h, Empty glumes coriaceous, broad, many-nerved. Floral glumes
long-ciliated. Paleze naked. 25. Eriachne, p. 197.
h2. Both floral glumes and paleze naked. Flowers close together, equal,
perfect. Panicle lax.
z. Empty glume semicircular, and spikelet globular, awnless.
26. Atropsis, p. 197.
72. Empty glumes thin, acute. Flower glumes awned, 2-toothed.
27, LIF a, Dx 1Q7:
£2. Spikelets 2—-several-flowered, with the axis prolonged above the second
flower.
h. Floral glumes toothed and dorsally awned. Upper flower some-
times sterile. Inflorescence not a true spike.
z. Fruit free, not grooved. Spikelets small, not 1 cm. long.
j. Floral glume finely erose-dentate or 2-lobed.
28. Deschampsia, p. 199.
jz. Floral glume cleft or 2-toothed, or the teeth awned, besides
the dorsal awn. 29. Trisetum, p. 203.
12. Fruit grooved, mostly adhering to the palea. Paniculate.
Spikelet exceeding 1 cm. long. Grain apically hairy.
30. Avena, p. 206.
h2. Awn generally twisted and arising between the lobes (often awned)
or teeth of the floral glume. Spikelets 3-many-flowered, upper-
most flower sometimes imperfect. 31. Danthonia, p. 207.
158 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
e2, Floral glume usually exceeding the empty glumes; not awned or awned only
from the point and the awn not bent. (FESTUCE#.)
J. Floriglume surrounded by long hairs. Lower flower male or abortive. Tall
aquatic. 39. Phragmites, p. 212.
f2. Floriglume dividing into awn-like parts. Panicle spike-like.
'38. Pappophorum, p. 211.
73. Spikelets unisexual. Creeping with minute, distichously crowded leaves.
40. Monanthochloé, p. 212.
7/4. Axis of spikelet or floral glume with long hairs (at least in the fertile
flowers). Tall, tubular grasses. 41. Gynerium = Cortaderia, p. 213.
7s. Axis and floral glumes naked or with only short hairs. Stigmas feathery.
Spikelets all alike.
g. Floral glume 2~3-toothed, usually 3-nerved; lateral nerve and callus
usually hairy. Spikelets with 3-several fertile flowers and 2 empty
glumes. : 42. Sieglingia = Triodia, p. 214.
g2. Floral glumes 1-3-nerved, all with perfect flowers or the uppermost
male or empty.
h. Branches or panicles spirally arranged.
z7. These branches being spike-formed racemes with subsessile spike-
lets. Floral glumes carinate. 43. Diplachne, p. 214.
72. The branches again branching, shorter upwards. Spikelets
dense, many-flowered, with a strong axis.
44. Eragrostis, p. 215.
h2. Primary branches of panicle distichously arranged (branching
further at base).
?7. Panicle spike-like. Empty glumes not broader nor longer than
the floral glumes. 45. Koeleria, p. 216.
72. Panicle expanded with soft, long branches. Empty glumes
‘slightly unequal. 46. Catabrosa, p. 216.
£3. Floral glume 3—5-many-nerved, all with perfect flowers, or the upper-
most male or empty, appressed or embracing. Empty glumes
mostly clavate, not awned ; floral glumes sometimes awned.
47. Melica, p. 217.
g4. Floral glumes 5—many-nerved, all or all but the uppermost with per-
fect flowers, often several empty glumes at top. Leaves without
distinct cross-veins.
h. Plant dicecious. Spikelets sessile. 48. Distichlis, p. 217.
h2, Plant hermaphrodite (very rarely dicecious, and then laxly-panic-
ulate).
7. Floral-glumes cordately lobed at the base.
49. Briza, p. 218.
72. Floral glumes not basi-cordate.
j. Spikelets panicled or racemed, imbricating or glomerulate.
Panicle-branches I—5.
k. Stigmas 2, apical. Floral glumes, at least of the upper
flowers, protruding above the empty glumes.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEZ. 159
/, Lateral nerves of floral glumes subparallel, not con-
verging. Empty glumes shorter than the floral.
m. Style developed. Lodicules connate,
50. Pancularia (Glyceria), p. 219.
m2, Stigma sessile. Lodicules free.
51. Atropis p. 220.
/2. Lateral nerves of floral glume arched, converging
towards apex. Rachilla naked or downy or hairy.
m. Empty glumes carinate. Hilum_ punctiform.
Floral glume coriaceous at base or herbaceous
and webbed. ho. 0a pi2et:
m2. Empty glumes rounded on back. Hilum lineal.
Palea rough or ciliate on the keel.
Gteeeesruca Daal:
2. Stigmas 2, arising subapically, on the anterior face of the
ovary. Empty glumes awnless.
; 54. Bromus, p. 240.
C2. Spikelets in 2 rows beside each other, forming a 1-sided spike or raceme, with unarticu-
lated rachis ; all the spikelets hermaphrodite in the Patagonian species. (CHLORIDE®.)
d. Only 1 hermaphrodite flower in each spikelet (very rarely 2).
e. No empty glumes or male flowers. Only rarely a short pedicel extends above
the flower. No awns. Spikelets fall off as a whole.
32. Spartina, p. 208.
e2. Spikes digitately arranged. Spikelets not falling off.
33. Capriola, p. 209.
e3. Empty glumes 1-several, above the hermaphrodite flower ; often small or
awn-like, rarely enclosing a male flower. Lower empty glumes 2. Spike-
lets 2—many, often like small fascicles.
jf. Spikelets quasi-verticillate, or close together. Floral glume of the perfect
flower I-awned or awnless. 34. Chloris, p. 209.
f2. Spikelets 1-, rarely 2-flowered, sessile on subverticillate spikes. Upper
empty glume awned, and floriglume 3-awned. Rachilla produced and
variously glumiferous. 35. TLrichloris, p. 210.
73. Spikelets remote, or approximate below; the flowers close. Palez not
hairy. 36. Bouteloua, p. 211.
a2. Every spikelet having 2-3 hermaphrodite flowers. Spikes 1-3 at apex of culm,
erect. Floral glume with 1 awn between 2 obtuse apical lobes.
37. Letrapogon, p. 211.
C3. Spikelets in 2, rarely more, opposing rows on a zigzag axis, forming a symmetrical,
rarely a I-sided spike. (HoRDE#.)
ad. Spikelets solitary in the excavations of the rachis.
e. Spikelets many-flowered, median on the rachis (the dorsal aspect of the glumes
being towards the rachis). Glumes subulate, 1-nerved.
55. Lolum, p. 244.
e2. Spikelets 1-2-flowered (sides of glumes toward the rachis; in slender articu-
late spikes), 56. Lepturus, p. 245.
160 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
¢3. Spikelets 2—-many-flowered, placed sidewise on the axis, mostly in thick spikes,
the joints usually not coming apart. Glumes ovate, 3-many-nerved.. Floral
glume with a callus, falling away when ripe along with a single grain attached
to the palea. 57. Agropyron, p. 245.
a2. Spikelets 2-6 on every segment of the rachis. - Stamens 3.
é. Spikelets 1-flowered, with at most the rudiment of a second.
} 58. Hordeum, p. 248.
e2. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Empty glume slightly smaller than the floral.
59. Elymus, p. 252.
Bz. Culm woody at least at base. Leaves often with short petiole, jointed to the sheath.
(BAMBUSEZ. )
Section with 3 stamens; palee 2-keeled. Fruit without a soft pericarp. Spikelets 1-
flowered, panicled. 60. Chusquea, p. 255.
1. ELIONURUS Humb. & Bonpl.
Andropogonee, with 1-flowered awnless sfzhelets, some sessile, some
pediceled. Rachzs jointed, easily breaking into segments, the 2-pointed
lower glume strongly fragrant when fresh or wet, having a balsamiferous
gland.
Species 15, chiefly in warm parts of America, and some in Africa, the
Orient and Australia. Savanna-grasses, avoided by cattle; the scent
seeming to deter them.
FE. canpipus (Trin.) Hack.
Leaves filiform, below generally piliferous. Lzgu/e composed of long
hairs. Spzkes (7-10 cm.); pedicel of acute male spikelet, and inferior
glume of both spikelets white-silky villous. Perennial grass.
(Brazil); N. Patagon., in sandy meadows by Carmen de Patagones,
and Bahia de S. Blas. The Patagonian specimens differ from the descrip-
tion by the pilosity of the culms below the nodes, and of the outside of
the leaves, which are subtrigonal in section, and with 3 larger nerves, and
in the absence of balsam-glands.
2. ANDROPOGON Linn. Beard-grass.
Spikes terminal and axillary, having a jointed hairy axis, with spikelets
in pairs at each node, one of each pair being sessile and perfect, the other
pedicellate and staminate or rudimentary. Perfect spikelet with 4 g/wmes,
of which the uppermost (the flowering glume) is awned and subtends a
palea with a perfect flower. (Britt. & Br. i, 100.)
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE&. 161
1. A. CONSANGUINEUS Knth.
Culms slender, about 25 cm. high, branching. Leaves to 10 cm. long
by 1.5-2 mm., rough margined. Spathes 4 cm. long. Racemes lax, sub-
simple, 6-8-jointed, bearded at the base, with trilobulate appendage.
Spikelets sessile, rufescent. G/wmes 1 and 2. with scabrid keels, glume 3
shorter, nerveless, split to near the base, as is the floriglume, no. 4, which
has an awn 17 mm. long basally torted; glume 1 linear-subulate, with a
bearded callus; glume 2 linear-lanceolate. Pa/eanone. Stamens 2-3, one
of themlarger. Pedicelssuberect, ciliate, 6-9 mm. long, equalling the joints.
(S. Brazil); N. Patagon., in rocky plains near Rio Colorado.
2. A. SACCHAROIDES Sw.
Culm erect, simple, terete (30-40 cm. high), nodes silky-bearded. Leaves
linear, subvillous. Panicle compact, linear-oblong, its rays solitary or in
pairs, simple or bifid, floriferous from base. ‘¥ozw¢ and pedicel of fading
spikelet densely villous. /wz twice as long as its villous spikelet. °
N. Patagon. (Roca Exped.); Brazil; W. Indies.
Caen RA DALC yr
Perennial grasses of medium height with innovations of long leaves,
short cw/ms, and spike-like woolly Aanzcle, creeping rhizome with scaly sto-
lons. Sf#zkelets in twos at the nodes, the primary long-, the secondary short-
pediceled, all 1-flowered, hermaphrodite, linear, subcompressed, awnless.
Glumes 4, of which 1 and 2 are membranaceous, convex; 3 is hyaline,
empty; 4 is hyaline, rarely wanting : Aa/ea always present, broad, hyaline.
nerveless, enclosing the gvazz. Lodicules none. Stamens 1-2.
Species 3-4, in tropics of both worlds.
I. ARUNDINACEA Cyr.
Culms about 1 meter high, of 3-4 nodes, glabrous, shortly naked above.
Sheaths mostly longer than the internodes, at length becoming dry par-
allel fibers. SAcke-like panicle 5-20 cm. long, racemes 1-2 cm., of 5-10
internodes. SfAzkelets 4-5 mm. ; the villi from the callus 4—5 times as long, :
I. ARUNDINACEA CONDENSATA (Steud.).
Nodes of sheath glabrous; ligule 2-3 mm., ovate, obtuse; laminz of
leaves sublanceolate-linear, attenuate to a long, slender point, not pun-
gent, the lower 10-15 cm. long, smooth on both surfaces.
(Chili) ; Patagon., dry meadows near Colonia; Bolson.
162 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. PASPALUM Linn.
Panicle with 1-sided spikes, the spikes, with 2-4 rows of 1-flowered
spikelets. G/umes 3, sometimes 2, the upper enclosing a shorter palea
with the perfect flower. Gvazu free. (Britt. & Br. i, 105; Eng. & Pr.
1, 2, 34) fipa24a
Species, chiefly American ; many are pampas plants.
1. P; DILATATUM Poir.
Culm erect, glabrous, 60-90 cm. S/eaths compressed, the radical more
or less villous ; “gz/e membranaceous, obtuse or acute, pilose or naked.
Leaves (sublanceolate-) linear, the radical more than 30 cm., 6 mm. broad.
Racemes 2-10, scattered, alternately thick, often nutant, 4-10 cm.
Rachis glabrous, rather narrow. Sfzkelefs 4-seriate, sublinear, unequally
pediceled, ovate, acute (depressed), marginally villosulous. G/umes 5-
nerved. Perennial grass.
(S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., along Rio Negro near Carmen, not rare in
herbage.
2. P. DIsTICHUM Linn.
Culms creeping. Leaves flat (2-4 mm. broad), acuminate, smooth.
Spikes 2, Y-like, occasionally 3. Sfzkelefs oval, acute.
N. Patagon. (Roca Exp.); N. and S. Amer.
3. P. ELONGATUM Gr.
Stout, erect, 1 m. high. Leaves 18 cm. long, linear-acuminate; sheath
long, “éguwle very short, truncate, ciliose. Panzcle long, with many alter-
nate branches; its spikelets 4-seriate, elliptical, obtuse, unequally pedi-
celled, glabrous. Sterile g/mes remote from the rachis, 3-nerved ; floral
glume 5-nerved.
N. Patagon. (Roca Exp.) ; Argentina.
4. P. LEUCOPHAUM H.B.K.
Culm erect, tall, 60-180 cm., it and its nodes scabrous. Leaves linear,
acuminate, scabrid both surfaces and margin (20-35 cm. by 4-8 mm.
wide). Sheaths lax, from hairy tubercles; “gaze short, rounded. Ra-
cemes numerous, dense, verticillate, subfastigiate. Pedicels short, or
equalling the spikelet; this 4-6 mm., linear-lanceolate, densely woolly.
(S. Amer.); N. Patagon., in sandy meadows near salina at Carmen.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA:. 163
5. P. puMILuM Nees.
Root densely fibrous, cespitiferous. Czu/m simple, ascending, paucinodal
(15-25 cm.), filiform, glabrous. Leaves lax, glabrous to soft-villous;
figule very short; blades lance-linear (25-50 mm. long, 5 mm. broad),
acute, plane, pubescent or villosulous. Racemes approximate in pairs.
Rachis plane, narrower than the solitary spikelets ; these 1.5 mm. long.
Glumes orbiculate, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, the lower 5-, the upper 3-
nerved. Perennial.
(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., wet places by Rio Negro, near Carmen.
5. ANTHA‘NANTIA Beauv. (R. & S. sub. Metium.)
Erect grasses with oblong, lax, more or less silky Aanzcles, having fili-
form rays and pedicels. Sfzke/e¢s articulating on the pedicels, having
3 glumes, the uppermost or floral glume, enclosing the palea and a herma-
phrodite flower, the second slightly larger and empty, or having a male
flower, the lowest glume the largest. Graz freely enclosed in the perga-
mentaceous glumes.
Species about 5, from California to Patagonia. (By O. Ktze. made a
section under Panzcum.)
A. LANATA Benth. (Panicum insulare lachnanthum O. Ktze.)
Culm erect. Leaves subinvolute or pilose on upper surface, the lower
Sheaths villous. Panzcle jubate, its rays whorled. SfAckele¢s acute, 3 mm.
long. Lowest glume 5-7-nerved, villous-woolly, acute, exceeding the
flower. ‘‘ Border of third valve, and whole of second valve glandular-
hairy; small first valve under the third, naked.”
(Surinam, Brazil) ;-N. Patagon.
Gar ANIGUI Me iin:
Branches of panicle either simple or again divided. Pedicels jointed
under the spikelets. The spikelets 1-2-flowered, when 2-flowered the
lower is staminate only. Glumes 4, the lowest awnless and very small.
Thus there are three empty glumes, or two empty glumes with a staminate
flower in the third. Grain free, in a hardened fruiting scale. (Brit. &
it ay62, 0113.)
Species 300, cosmopolitan in warm climates; few in Chili.
164 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. P. CHLOROLEUCUM Griseb.
Rush-like perennial, branching at the base, 30-40 cm. tall, ascending,
glaucous-white, woolly at nodes and ligules. Leaves arcuate, as long as
the culm, linear-acuminate, convolute, hairy. Pamzc/e patent, 12 cm. long,
its branches woolly, paired or solitary, racemiform or branched. Sterile
glumes 3, equal, ovate, acute, 5—7-nerved, slightly exceeding the 5-angled
compressed obtuse floral glume. N. Patagon. (Argentina).
(P. lachnanthum O. Ktze. (Torr.) = Anthenantia lanata Benth.)
2. P. MAGELLANICUM Lam.
Spikes filiform, fasciculate. Glumes pediceled, oblong, acute, very
slender.
Magellan.
3. P. URVILLEANUM Kth. (P. fatagonicum Hier.)
Perennial with branching base, glaucous white, and ascending calms,
60 cm., hard, distichously leafy at base. odes glabrous or villous.
Leaf-sheaths velvety, with reversed hairs, 15 cm. long, 1 cm. broad; /am-
ine 25-55 cm. by 4-5 mm., linear-acuminate, terete, not scabrid. Lzgule
densely villous. Fanzc/le patent, with triquetrous alternate racemiform
branches, sucessively long and short. Sfzkelets velvety, subsecund.
Sterile. glumes 3, ovate, hairy on back, the lowest 5—7-nerved, the second
13-nerved, the third 7~-9-nerved, with a neutral flower. floral glume ‘"7-
nerved, coriaceous.
(Chili; Argent.) ; N. Patagon., by Rio Negro and the coast.
7. SETARIA Beauv. (Chameaphis R. Br., Leophorus Schl.)
Annuals with spike-like Aanzcle, awnless, but with awn-like branches
projecting above the spikelets. Glwmnes 4; 1 small, 2 and 3 equal or 3
larger, all membranous; the third enclosing a male or neuter flower; the
fourth, or flowering glume, enclosing the perfect terminal flower, is firm,
and at length indurated along with the palea about the grain.
Species 35, in warm and temperate regions.
1. S. GLAUCA Beauv. Yellow Foxtail.
(Lxophorus glaucus in Brit. & Br. 1, 126.)
30-60 cm. high. Leaf-sheaths smooth, loose, the lower compressed,
reddish ; /amzne flat, scabrous, twisted. Sfzke simple, cylindrical, tawny
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE. 165
when mature, bristles pointing upward. floral glume oval, coarsely
rugose across.
(Eur. & N. Amer.); N. Patagon.
_ 2. S. SETOSA Beauv. (.S. caudata Roem. & Sch.)
60-90 cm. high. Cz/m slender, erect, flattened, branching below, nodes
glabrous. Leaves scabrous, twisted, flat, blades to 20 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad, apex long, slender. /amzc/e interrupted cylindrical, 18 cm. by 7
mm:, its axis pilose; bristles 1-3 to each spikelet, 3-10 mm. long, point-
ing upwards. Sfzkelefs 3 mm. long; first glume broad, 3-nerved; second
and third glumes equal, a neutral flower in the third; which is 7-nerved.
Palea small. Floral glume wrinkled across.
(Tropical regions, New Mex. and south.) Common in North Patagonia.
So eCENGCHRUS Linn, Bur-grass.
Leaves flat. Inflorescence spicate, the spikelets subtended by a spiny
involucre which at length falls off with the seed as a spiny bur. Glumes
4, the third often enclosing a staminate, and the fourth being the flower-
ing glume of the perfect flower.
Species 12, in warm countries.
C. TRIBULOIDES LINN.
Root annual. Involucres crowded on the scabrous rachis, 2-flowered,
globose. Spines of burs stout. (N. Amer., Br. & Br. i, 127.)
N. Patagon.
Ope LUZIOUAs|uss:
Creeping water and marsh moncecious grasses with narrow leaves, and
male and female 1-flowered sfchelets in separate panicles, rarely in the
same and then the male spikelets terminal. Rays of panicle filiform.
Stamens exceeding 6 (to 18). Female flowers small. Szy/es 2, distinct.
Grain elliptical, free from the pericarp.
Species 6, Brazil to Alabama; 1 in Patagonia.
L. SPRUCEANA Benth.
Culm glabrous, rooting at the nodes ; the upper leaf-sheaths ventricose,
striate; ligule long-acuminate; lamina linear, narrowly acuminate, ner-
166 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
vose, scabrous. Female panicle axillary, short-peduncled, rigid, its axis
sulcate, angular, its branches crowded, strict, at length basi-refracted.
Branchlets erect; no terminal spikelet. Male panicle patulous, after flow-
ering contracted. Glumes pellucid.
(S. Brazil); Chubut, wet places.
10. ZIZANIOPSIS Doll and Ascherson.
Tall, aquatic, monoecious grasses with long flat leaves, and 1-flowered
spikelets in panicles, the femade terminating the branches, and the males
below. Scales 2, subequal, the outer one in the female spikelet broad,
acute, awned. Stamens 6. Styles united. Gvazu subglobose, separable
from the pericarp, 3-ridged. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 128.)
Temperate and tropical America. Species 2. (Z. mzMacea in U.S. and
Brazil.)
Z. BONARIENSIS (Bal.) Speg.
(Buenos Aires); N. Patagon., in wet places along Rio Colorado.
11. ANTHOXANTHUM Linn. Sweet-scented Vernal Grass.
Fragrant grasses with flat leaves and spike-like panicles. SAzskelefs 1-
flowered, narrow, compressed. G/uwmes 5, the two lowest acute or short-
awned, the lowest one the shortest; the third and fourth empty, hairy,
2-lobed and awned dorsally ; the floral glume and palea small and obtuse.
S7Zamens 2.
Species 5, European.
A. ODORATUM Linn.
Glumes 3 and 4 hairy, the third with an awn twice its length, inserted
half-way up; the fourth with an awn inserted near the base and twice as
long.
(Europe, naturalized in N. Amer., Brit. & Br. i, 131.) Magellan
(Dusén).
12. HIEROCHLOE Gmelin. (Savastana Schrank.)
Aromatic grasses with contracted or open panicles and flat /eaves.
Spikelets 3-flowered, the terminal flower perfect, the others staminate.
Glumes 5, the 2 lower subequal, acute, glabrous, the next 2 shorter, obtuse
or 2-lobed, each enclosing a palea and 3 stamens, the fifth often awned,
enclosing a palea and a perfect 2-staminate flower.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 167
Species 8, in temperate and coldregions. FH. dovealis Roem. & Schultes
is the holy-grass of N. Eur. and N. Amer. (Brit. & Br. i, 131).
1. H. ARENARIA Steud.
Rhizome woody, somewhat creeping. Cz/m erect, 45-60 cm. high,
sheathed the whole way ; sheaths dilated ; leaf-blades soon convolute, rigid,
obtuse, glabrous. /anzcle slightly diffuse, its rays solitary, few-flowered
at top. Sfzkelets 6 mm. long, 3-flowered. G/umes slightly exceeding
the flowers, those of the male flowers smooth marginally, ciliate, short,
awned. ferfect flower obtuse, glabrous.
Magellan.
2. H. REDOLENS (Forst. sub /o/cus) R. Br. (H. antarcttica R. Br.
FT. magellanica Hook. f.)
Leaves plane below, convolute above, their sheaths lax-glabrous.
Panicle effuse, nodding; pedicels pilose upwards. Sfcke/efs 8 mm. long,
the made flowers pilose on the margin and back; Aerfect flower short mu-
cronate, glabrous.
Falklands, abounding near water; Magellan and through Fuegia to
Cape Horn (also in S. Chili, Australia and New Zealand.)
H. REDOLENS MAGELLANICA (Hook. f.).
Panicle less elongate, and only slightly nodding.
Magellan.
H. REDOLENS MAJOR (Speg.).
Culms 2-3 meters, glabrous; ligules broadly triangular. Pawzcle very
long, secund, nodding; upper rays close, lower remote.
Fuegia, by the coast; Blossom Bay; rare.
It would appear from Bentham’s note in Flora Austral. vii, 558, that
this species should be named A. vedolens (Forster), as Forster's name
(Hfolcus rvedolens) is the oldest and was applied to the typical New Zea-
land plant. It is Mehca magellanica Desv. in Lam. Dic. iv, 72.
13. PHALARIS Linn.
Leaves flat; panicle spike-like or capitate. Sfzkelets crowded, 1-flow-
ered. Empty g/umes 4, first and second subequal, compressed, wing
keeled; third and fourth small or rudimentary. Floriglume and palea
equal. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Grain oblong.
168 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 10, most in S. Eur.; some in N. Amer.
P. ANGUSTA Nees.
Root fibrous. Cam (45-90 cm. high) and sheaths glabrous; the sheaths
half as long as the internode. Légules obtuse. Leaves glabrous, the
upper 25 mm., the lower 7-10 cm. TZhyrse 4-7 cm., linear. Glumes
3-nerved, subequally winged. Pedicels very short. Cartilaginous rudi-
ments 2, pilose at apex, with pilose horn. /A/ower hermaphrodite,
slightly shorter than the glumes, pilose.
S. Patagon., in meadows along Carren-leoft.
The Patagonia forms are stout, very green, with cylindraceous spikes,
spikelets sometimes partly violascent. (Speg.)
14. ARISTIDA Linn. Three-awned grass.
Culms branching and /eaves narrow, often involute-setaceous. Panzcle
spreading or contracted. SfAzkelets narrow, 1-flowered. G/umes 3,1 and
2 carinate, third ridged and convolute, 3-awned (or the lateral awns ob-
solete). Gvazu free, enclosed in the glume.
Species 100, in warm countries. (Brit. & Br. i, 133.)
i. A. DIFFUSA Trin. & Rupr. (4. /axa Cav.)
Culms fasciculate, simple, 15-60 cm. tall. Leaves convolute, subulate,
sheaths striate, glabrous. Panzcle lax, depauperate, flexuose, its rays soli-
tary, naked below, with spikelets above. G/umes fuscous, subequal, narrow,
acuminate. //7ower about 6 mm. long, apically twisted, lateral awzs about
thrice as long as the median.
Mexico, S. Amer. and Philippine Is. (In Patagon.?)
2) Ds SETIBOLIAN Lae oy mccenie
A tufted perennial about 60 cm. high. Leafsheaths short, lower /eaf-
blades numerous, narrow, involute. Panicle contracted, often included at
the base. 4wzs of flowering glume diverging, mostly equal.
(Mexico and Brazil.) Probably in N. Patagon.
15. STIPA Linn. Feather-grass.
Tall, usually with convolute leaves which mostly persist around the fruit.
Panicles with 1-flowered terete spikelets. Empty glumes 2, the floral
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA3. 169
glume rigid convolute, having a hairy, often sharp, callus at its base, anda
bent apical awn which 1s spirally twisted below and articulated. Stamens
mostly 3. Grain free, closely surrounded by
the glume. (Brit. & Br. i, 137; also Spegaz-
zini, Stipe platenses.) (Fig. 31.)
Species 100, cosmopolitan.
The awn may be naked, or may have a
crown around its base (Fig. 31, 4), often sur-
mounted by a Aapfus of villior cilia (in section
Pappophora), and there may be a callus be-
neath the grain (4, C). SS. cafillata (Engl.
ec Fr. Pflanzenf. II, 2, p. 46, fig: C-E) is the
chief grass of the Russian steppes ; its fruiting
awn pierces the skin of sheep, sometimes
killing them: similarly S. sfarvtea Trin., the Oe ing pe ne
“porcupine-grass’”’ of North America, and the glume; /, floral glume; cr, crown ;
grass of North Queensland which annoyed %, pappus; a, awn. 4, S. pampeana.
Captain Cook’s seamen in 1770. In North celal int rie
Africa, S. ‘enactsstema, called Esparto, Alfa,
and ‘“‘false horse-hair,” is extensively exported, being used in south-
ern Europe for plaiting into mats and chairs.
Fic. 31.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Awn with long villi to the top. Lower glume exceeding 15 mm. long. Crown none. (/1-
lostypa.)
4. Lower glumella laxly hairy, not apically attenuate, 2-auricled. Awn7cm.long. Stamens
2. Culm rigid. Panicle sheathed, hairy. pogonathera,
62. Lower glumella glabrous, long-attenuate upwards, or rostrate. Awn naked on lowest
fifth part. Panicle subsecund, smooth. Culm 20 cm., slender, hairy. ec.
Az. Awn with long villi only below its joint. (Pappostipa.) Panicle contracted. :
6. Awn very long, with long pappus. Culm (35 cm.) and panicle sheathed. Leaves con-
volute to filiform, glabrous, vaginata,
62. Awn with lower half nearly naked. Lower glume I-nerved, upper 3-nerved. Lower
glumella attenuate, not auricled. Culm 12 cm., slender, glabrous. Panicle sheathed.
humilis.
63. Awn more or less villous from base. Lower glumella scarcely attenuate, subtruncate, 2-
auricled, pubescent. Lower glume 3-, upper 5-nerved.
ce. Culm 30 cm. Leaves rushlike, pungent. Sheath-margins villous. Panicle short.
Awn long-villous from base. patagonica.
c2. Culm 35 cm. ; leaves short, scabrid. Panicle spike-like. Sheath-margins glabrous.
Hairs of awn larger upwards. Glumella silky. Speciosa,
170 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
c3. Culm 20 cm.; leaves shorter; nodes dark, smooth. Panicle depauperate. Awn 4-
times as long as flower. ameghinot.
A3. Awns naked or scabrous or pubescent.
6. Callus long, several times exceeding the floral diameter. Panicle spreading.
c. Crown very long and distinct from the glumella. (Szephanostypa.)
ad. Flowers smooth, cylindraceous, attenuate upwards. Pedicels elongating after
anthesis. filiculmis.
d2. Callus villous, shorter than the latterly cleft crown. Awn central, slender.
Culm slender, 40 cm. formicarum.
c2. Crown short. Callus ring-like, strong.
d. Flowers rather large (12 mm.), very tetragonal. Glumes silky. Crown with
acute lobed mouth. Awn thrice length of flower. Culm 75 cm., exceeding the
glabrous leaves. clarast.
d2. Flowers small, 5 mm., glabrous. Awn slender, 10 times aslong. Culm 35 cm.;
leaves setaceous. Panicle contracted. tenuis,
c3. Crown subconoid, scarcely constricted off. Flowers mediocre, obsoletely 4—-6-angled.
Callus short, strong. Culm 40 cm. Panicle nodding. manicata.
c4. Crown none. Flower long, pappose-villous above. Glumes half as long. Culm 30
cm. Panicle spreading. papposa.
c5. Crown small, constricted off. Flowers mediocre or small, not over 12 mm.
d. Crown appressed, ciliolate-fimbriate. Panicle nutant, depauperate. Culm 35 cm.
ligularis.
a2. Crown silky. Awn excentric. Leaves setaceous. pampeana,
a3. Crown with truncate mouth, not appressed, nor laxly-ciliolate. Flowers 6-9 mm.
setigera.
62. Callus short, scarcely exceeding the floral diameter. Crown none or obsolete, not con-
stricted off.
c. Lower glumella pubescent, pilose or villous. Panicle spike-like.
ad. Glumes lanceolate, 3—5-nerved, violascent. Upper glumella as long as lower, hairy.
Culm stout, 75 cm. caudata.
dz. Glumes narrowly linear, obsoletely 1-3-nerved. Callus villous. Culm slender ;
spike erect. gynerioides.
c2. Lower glumella glabrous to scabrid. Crown none.
d. Upper glumella as long as lower. Callus hairy. Panicle depauperate. Culms
slender ; leaves convolute, short. varifiora.
a2. Upper glumella not half as long as lower. Branching of mature panicle repeatedly
trichotomous. Leaves setaceous. trichotoma.
1. S. AMEGHINO! Speg. (Pappostipa).
Glumes lanceolate, 2-3 times longer than the flower with pappus and
joint, 3-5-nerved, greenish-hyaline. //owerv spindle-shaped, villous, but
dorsally glabrous in part; cal/us slightly exceeding the diameter of the
flower, villous with a ventral foveola. Awn rigid, 4 times as long as the
flower, pappose-villous. No crown. Czudms simple, 10-25 cm., with
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE-. I71
dark-colored, smooth nodes, often exceeding the convolute, glabrous
leaves. Panicle contracted, with few spikelets, when young sheathed, at
length naked.
Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorgo.
2, ©. CAUDATA Trin.
Panicle contracted, its rays about 5, some of them floriferous not far
above the base, others higher up. Cwdms stout, 40-90 cm. Leaves seta-
ceous to rush-like. G/umes subequal, lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, 3-nerved,
generally one of them with an apical tail. /lova/-glume exceeding 4 mm.,
pilose and with short apical setulae. wz persisting, flexuous or jointed
at center, 12-16 mm. long, with a quasi-pappus at its base. Palea
shorter, 2-nerved. Axthers very short, bearded.
Chili and near Bahia Blanca; a specimen from N. Patagon. “ differs
only in the awns being somewhat shorter.” (J. Ball.)
3. S. CLARAZI Ball.
60-90 cm. tall with filiform radical and broad cauline “eaves from
inflated sheaths. Pamnicles lax, 25-50 mm. long. G/lumes comparatively
large, to 3 cm., the floral glume acuminate, its hairs silky, its aw 5-7 cm.
long, scabrous, with a subcylindrical crown surrounded by a short ciliolate
pappus. Cad/us villous, as long as 3-4 breadths of the flower, which is
subtetragonal, villous on the angles.
N. Patagon., over all the pampas and hills.
4. S. FILICULMIS Del., 1894. (.S. ceveszensis O. Ktze., 1898.)
Glumes \inear-lanceolate, twice or more as long as the flower, hyaline,
3-nerved. Flower subfusoid, glabrous, or obsoletely rough. Crow
none, but articulation of awn with glumella smooth or ciliolate. Cal/us
2-3 times as long as the floral diameter. -/ww persisting, long, jointed
in lower part. Leaves capillary-setaceous; ca/ms 20-85 cm., at first
shorter, afterwards longer, filiform. Panzc/e linear, depauperate.
Patagon., Argent., through all the pampas, from Chubut northwards.
5. S. FORMICARUM Del.
Cespitose, glabrous, perennial, 20-50 cm. high; culms leafy, erect, with
thickish nodes. Leaves plane when fresh, about 25 cm. long, acute, not
pungent. Famicle vaginate, relaxed, nutant. G/wmes narrow-lanceolate,
172 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
surpassing the flower, 1-3-nerved, hyaline. //ower sublanceolate, sub-
glabrous ; cvowz largish, ciliate-edged. Cal/us villous. wz persistent,
7 times as long as the flower.
N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado, near Fort Mercedes.
6. S. GYNERIOIDES Phil.
Glumes narrow-linear, twice as long as the flower, exceeding the pap-
pus, 1-3-nerved, subhyaline. /7ower fusoid, pubescent, apically crowned
with pappus-villi of its own length. Cadus half as long as the floral
diameter, villous. Awn subpersistent, 3-5 lengths of the flower. Calms
25-90 cm., about equalling the setaceous, scabrid eaves. Panicle narrow,
scarcely secund.
N. Patagon., Argent., over all the pampas by Rio Negro, and on the
hills.
7. S. HUMILIS Vahl. |
Root fibrous. Cad cespitose, 10-15 cm. high, slender, glabrous.
Upper sheath ventricose, sheathing the short, spicate (25 mm.) panzcle.
Rays short, glabrous. G/wmes acute, one third longer than the 4-6 mm.
flower. .4wn nude and straight at base, above with white hairs, feathery
to their joint, thereafter nude and straight again.
S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz.
S. HUMULIS INTERMEDIA O. Ktze.
Awn with a few hairs on the lower third. Leaves straight.
Patagon.
S. HUMILIS DECRESCENS O. Ktze.
Awn with many short hairs atits base. A pilose and alsoa subglabrous
form.
(Argentina); Patagon.
8. S. (PAPPOPHORA) IBARI Phil.
Densely cespitose and rigid, with pilose convolute-setaceous /eaves.
Culm twice as high as the radical leaves, involucrate to the panicle. Nodes
white-woolly with deflexed hairs. G/wmes 17 mm. long, subequal; the
flower without hairs at its base. oral glume 7 mm. long, pilose, awn
25 mm. long and long-pilose below its angle.
At Lake Pinto, S. Patagon.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 173
9. S. LIGULARIS (Griseb.) Speg. (S. weescana Trin. v. “igularis Gris.)
Glumes long-lanceolate, twice as long as the flower, 3-nerved, violas-
cent. //ower subterete, pallid, minutely papillose. Cvowz cup-like, short,
with an oblique ciliolate pappus. Ca//us 3-4 times longer than the flower,
white-villous. 4wz persistent, 8-9 times longer than the flower ; jointed
midway, and at the upper third. Cz/ms 25-50 cm., much exceeding the
smooth, plane to subconvolute /eaves,; nodes pubescent. Fanzcle rather
depauperate, lax, nutant.
(Brazil ; Bolivia-Argentina) ; Patagon.
10. S. MANICATA Desv. 1853. (5S. datssemifola O. Ktze.)
Glumes elliptic-lanceolate, often twice as long as the flower, green hya-
line, to dark-violet. A/ower obsoletely 4—5-gonal, villous at the angles.
Crown cylindric with short cilia. Ca//us just exceeding the diameter of the
flower, villous. ww persisting, 7-10 times as long as the flower, jointed
below the upper third, and below the middle, subpubescent. Czlms
exceeding the flat, broad, scabrid leaves. Panicle mostly profuse, lax,
nutant.
(Pampas of Montevideo; Chili); N. Patagon., in meadows and rocky
regions.
S. MANICATA MEDIA Speg.
Culms 35-90 cm. Leaves usually plane, 4-7 mm. broad, glabrous or
hirtellous, dull green. Pamnicles dense, nutant; g/umes dark-purplish.
Flowers mediocre, tetragonal.
Patagon., in mountains of Nahual-huapi.
S. MANICATA TYPICA Speg.
Culms 15-40 cm. Leaves mostly laxly involute, glabrous, 4-5 mm.
broad; they and the sheaths ciliate on margin, green to glaucescent.
Panicle \arge, erect or secund. G/uwmes greenish to smoky-purplish.
Flowers terete-subpentagonal.
Patagon., near Teka-choique, and Carren-leoft.
11. S. NEI Nees.
Culm slender, with many nodes, pubescent, hairy below the joints,
simple, 15-30 cm. Leaves convolute-setaceous, glabrous, dorsally
smooth. JLzgule pilose, lacerous. Panzcle racemose, contracted, sub-
I74 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
secund, smooth. G/umes from a colored base, membranaceous-hyaline,
setaceous-attenuate, exceeding the short-stiped, lanceolate flower. dwu
10 times as long as the flower, slightly twisted at the base, pilose
upwards.
(Argentina); Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, and Rio Chubut.
12. S. PAMPEANA Speg.
Glumelle elliptic-lanceolate, 2-3 times longer than the flower, 3-nerved,
dark-purple. Avower oblanceolate or obovate, compressed, smooth and
shining ; on a callus which is rather long, and with long white villi sur-
mounting the flower. Cvowmz small, subturbinate, with white villi. wz
persistent, 10 times as long as the flower. Cz/ms 25-45 cm., slender,
sometimes surpassing the smooth subulate-setaceous leaves. Panicle spi-
cate, depauperate.
(S. Argentina) ; Patagon., Chubut, by Teka-choique. (Fig. 31, 4).
13. S. PAPPOSA Nees. 1849. (.S. savava Beauv.)
Glumes very narrow, small, about half as long as the flower, 1-nerved,
hyaline. //ower linear-lanceolate, smooth, rough upwards, abruptly
crowned by villi of its own length. Caddus 2-3 times as long as the
flower is broad, white-villous. .4wz persistent, 3-5 times as long as the
flower. Cu/ms simple, surpassing the smooth convolute-plane leaves.
Panicle diffuse, erect or nutant.
N. Patagon., over the pampas from Rio Negro northwards through
Argentina. (Mex.)
14. S. PATAGONICA Speg.
Perennial, densely cespitose, 20-35 cm. high. Caudex often bearing
apical innovations. Cz/m fasciculately leafy, longer than the leaves.
Leaves convolute, terete-juncoid, rigid, acute-pungent, glabrous. Sheaths
glabrous, close-appressed, their margin ciliate-pectinate. Lzgw/es narrow-
velvety ; a villous ring on outside at base of lamina. /amnzcle short, con-
tracted. SAzkelets pediceled; glumes hyaline, subequal, glabrous, twice
exceeding the appressed, silky floral glume, which is acutely callus-
pediceled. dwn geniculate, twice as long as its glume, white-villous
below the joint.
S. Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 175
15. S. POGONATHERA Desv. (5S. Julchella Munro.)
Culm terete, rigid, whitish-pubescent, with glabrous nodes. Leaves
terete-convolute, hairy inside. Lzgu/e oblong, pilose. Panicle 15-30
cm. long, sheathed at base, plumose-whitish. Empty g/wmes 3-nerved,
narrow, acuminate, the lower larger and twice as long as the flower.
Floral glume 8-9 mm. long, with awn 7 cm. long, bearded, recurved.
Falea pilose outside. Anthers 2.
(Chili); S. Patagon.
16. S. RARIFLORA (Hook. f. sub W/uhlenbergia) Benth.
Rigid, glabrous, 10-15 cm. high. Cvzdm leafy; leaves much shorter
than culm, rigid, setaceous with involute margins. Famzcle effuse, with
about 10 spikelets. G/umes subequal, nerveless, shorter than the flower.
Floral glume \anceolate, coriaceous, glabrous at base, violascent, ending
in a very long, rigid, rough aw, which embraces the short palea; rachilla
bearded. Stamens 3. Ovary stiped, contracted above the middle.
(S. Chili, Cape Tres Montes); W. Patagon.; Fuegia.
Closely allied to S. verticeVata from Australia and to Apera arundinacea
from New Zealand. (Benth.)
17. S. SETIGERA Pres]. (1836, non auct. Am. bor.). (.S. meeszana
OF kizesnon Trin.)
Glumes \ong-lanceolate, twice as long as the flower, 3—-5-nerved, hyaline
or violascent. ower terete, pale or fuscous, smooth, minutely papillose.
Crown obconical or cup-like, nude or ciliolate, constricted at base. Cad/us
2-3 times exceeding the floral diameter, villous. -4ww persistent, 7-8
times as long as the flower, jointed near the middle, lower part twisted.
Culms 10-50 cm., surpassing the convolute-plane, partly hirtellous /eaves,
retrorsely hirsute at the nodes. /anzc/e mostly depauperate, and lax-
nutant.
N. Patagon., pampas about Rio Negro and northwards in Argentina.
18. S. speciosa Trin. & Rupr. (S. chrysophylla Desv. S. humilis
speciosa O. Ktze.)
Culms erect, tufted, 20-50 cm. high. S/eaths tawny, shorter than the
internodes; the upper one inflated. Lower ligule minute, fringed, the
upper 2mm. long. Leaves of sterile shoots erect, scabrid, short; Zeaves of
176 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
culm 3, involute. Panicle spike-like, 6-20 cm. long; rays in pairs bear-
ing 1-3 spikelets. Empty glumes subequal, hyaline, acuminate, 16 mm.
long, 3 and 5~—7-nerved. flowering glume silky, 5-nerved, 8-12 mm.
long, with short callus and 2-toothed hairy apex; its aww 3-4 cm., genicu-
late, twisted, plumose, with many long hairs at its base.
(Argentina); S. Patagon. (Dusén). |
19. S. TENUIS Phil. 1870. (5S. argentina Speg. 1896. S. neestana
O. Ktze. 1896, non Trin.)
Glumes \inear-lanceolate, 2-3 times longer than the flower, 1-3-nerved,
hyaline to violascent. /7/owers subfusoid, terete, smooth. Cvownz small,
turbinate, with a ciliolate circle. Callus 2-3 times as long as the floral
diameter, white-villous. 4/wz persistent, slender, 8-12 times longer than
the flower, jointed about the lowest fourth, scarcely pubescent. Cams
15-45 cm., much exceeding the setaceous or rush-like rough “aves.
Panicle narrow, depauperate.
N. Patagon. in dry and mountain plains by Rio Negro, and northwards
in Argentina (also in California).
20. S. TENUISSIMA Trin. (5S. mendocina Ph.; S. orveophila Speg.)
Glumes lanceolate, 3-4 times longer than the flower, 3-nerved, hyaline,
tending to violet. A/ower long, small, dorsally subgibbous, laterally
compressed, glabrous, very delicately rough. Callus as long as the flower
is broad, villous, acute. Cvow small, boss-like, ciliolate. .4wz persistent,
very slender, 25 times as long as the flower. Cz/ms 30-50 cm., little
exceeding the capillary-setaceous, scabrid eaves. Panicle vaginate, con-
tracted.
(Argentina); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro, on dry sandy plains and
dunes.
21. S. TRICHOTOMA Nees. (Hack. sub /Vase//a).
Glumes ovate-lanceolate, 3-4 times as long as the flower, 3-nerved,
purplish. ower obovate, dorsally gibbous, glabrous to slightly rough.
Crown none. Callus very short, white-villous. wz persistent, 8-15
times as long as the flower. Cz/ms slender, 15-50 cm., at first as long
as the scabrid setaceous /eaves, the uppermost internode at length elon-
gating produces a large lax Aanzcle with trichotomous rays.
(Argentina, etc.); N. Patagon., over pampas, by Rio Negro.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. spy
22) S..VAGINATA Phil.
(Pappophora.) G/umes violaceous-green, with hyaline borders, sub-
equal, 14 mm. long. Callus glabrous. oval glume 16 mm. long,
white pilose; palea little shorter, glabrous. .4wz 26-30 mm. long, with
long white basal pappus. Plants cespitose, with rigid glabrous culms
enclosed in the leaf sheaths; /amzn@ convolute, filiform, glabrous, smooth.
Panicle \ong, contracted, ensheathed.
Allied to S. sfeczosa.
(Chili, near Aconcagua); Patagon., Chubut, near Cabo Raso; ‘these
differ from the description by having the awzs villous as far as the joint,
and by the floral glume 6, not 16 mm. long.” (Speg.)
TOmeORY ZO 51S = Mich.
Stipee. Cespitose grasses, sometimes tall, leaves plane or convolute.
Panicle terminal, lax, narrow or effuse. Sfzkelets 1-flowered, rachilla
jointed above the lower glumes, callose under the flower, not produced
above the flower, which is hermaphrodite and terminal. G/umes 3, the 2
lower, below the articulation, persistent, subequal, empty. The /fovz-
glume broad, enclosing the flower and the 2-carinate Aa/ea, apically obtuse
or truncate, its terminal awz often excentric, geniculate, and twisted
below; it and its awn very caducous. Stamens 3. Grain oblong, en-
closed in the glume, free.
Differs from S#fa by its broad floriglume, often oblique.
Species 24, in north temperate regions of both hemispheres and S. Amer.
O. NAPOSTAENSIS Speg.
Glumes mediocre, lanceolate, twice as long as the flower, 3—5-nerved,
violascent. Flower cylindraceous, chestnut to umber-hued. Crown an-
nulate-cupuliform, short; pappus velvet-ciliolate. Anthopodium (ca//us)
4 times diameter of flower, rufous-villous. Awn 6-9 times as long as the
flower, jointed below the middle, and at lowest fourth, persisting. Leaves
capillary-setaceous, smooth. Panicle depauperate, nutant.
(Buenos Aires); N. Patagon., dry meadows near Carmen.
O. NAPOSTAENSIS BRACHYSPERMA Speg.
Small, contracted, cespitose. Leaves setaceous, short, 25-50 mm.,
often somewhat circinate. Glumes small. Awns thickish, the upper
178
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
joint much below the middle. Anthopodium scarcely half the length of
the flower.
N. Patagon., at Pantanosa near Carmen.
O. TUBERCULATA (Desv. sub Piptochaetium) Speg.
Glumes ovate, exceeding the flower, 5—3-nerved; sometimes violas-
cent. Flower hazel-colored to black, sublenticular, carinate, papillose-
Pia 2.
Muhlenbergia rari-
flora. Inflorescence and
one spikelet enlarged.
(From Flora antare-
tica. )
verrucose. Crown none or scarcely umboniform. An-
thopodium small, short-pubescent. Awn excentric,
caducous, 4-5 times as long as the flower. Culms
equalling or even exceeding the filiform subglabrous
leaves. Panicle contracted-spiciform, often sheathed.
N. Patagon., in dry sandy places near Carmen.
17, MUHLENBERGIA Schreber.
Leaves flat or convolute; janzcle strict or lax.
Spikelets 1- rarely 2-flowered. Glumes 3-4, the empty
glumes acute or awned, the flowering glume 3—5-nerved,
obtuse or acute or long-awned; at length enclosing
the free grain.
Species 60, chiefly American, a few Asiatic. (Brit.
Se Bri i429)
M. RARIFLORA Hook. f. (Sta variflora Benth.)
Rigid, glabrous ; the cz/m leafly, the /eaves setace-
ous, with involute margins. Panicle lax, few to 10-
flowered. Spikelets purplish. G/wmes subequal, nerve-
less, slightly shorter than the flower. floral glume
lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous at the base, ending in
a very long rigid scabrous awz, and embracing the
shorter Javea. (Fig. 32.)
W. Patagon., Cape Tres Montes; Staaten I.; Fuegia; W. Magellan
(Dusén).
18. PHLEUM Linn. Timothy-grass.
Leaves flat. Panicle spike-like, cylindrical or ovoid. Sfzkelets 1-flow-
ered. Glumes 3, 1 and 2 subequal, keeled and mucronate or awn-tipped.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE. 179
Floral glume shorter truncate hyaline, enclosing the narrower hyaline palea
and flower.
Species 10, in temperate and cold regions.
1. PH. ALPINUM Linn. Mountain-timothy.
15-45 cm. tall. Upper eaf-sheaths inflated, the uppermost leaf only
25 mm. long. S£zkes short, ovoid-oblong, purplish, the awzs of their
upper spikelets long and projecting.
(By Andes from N. parts of N. Amer. and from Eur.) Cobo Negro,
S. Patagon. (J. B. Hatcher) ; throughout Fuegia (Dusén).
2. PH. PRATENSE Linn.
Tall. SfAzke long-cylindrical. Lower g/umes dorsally ciliate, tipped
with a short dvzste.
(Eurasia and N. Amer., much cult.) ; Patagon.
TOMEALORECURUS Linn. . Foxtail,
Panicle densely spicate; the sfzkelets 1-flowered, jointed on the very
short pedicel, 2-6 mm. long, subcompressed. G/umes 3, 2 of these empty,
acute, not awned; the third obtuse, awned on the back, subtending a Jalea
and a perfect flower. (Palea often wanting.)
Species 20, chiefly in north temperate regions.
fee eALPINGS. Smith:
Culm nearly smooth, erect, 30 cm. tall. Leaf-sheaths shorter than the
internodes, loose; the /eaf-d/ades 2-6 mm. wide, slightly scabrous above.
Spike ovoid, 4 cm. long, 6-12 mm. thick. Lower glumes 4 mm. long,
united at base, villous. oral glume as long, with awz one third way up.
Varies much in size, villosity and in length of awns. (Brit. & Br. 1, 149.)
(Arctic and alpine regions; also in Scotland.) Patagonia passim ;
Falklands; Magellan; Fuegia to Cape Horn. A form at Ushuaia has the
floral glumes blue.
2. A. ANTARCTICUS Vahl.
Culm erect, 30 cm. tall, glabrous. Leaves narrow, linear-subulate,
plane, 5-7 cm. long. Sfzke ovate to 7 cm. long. G/wmes purplish at
apex; flowering glume shorter, awned towards base, the awn long.
(Fig. 33.)
Magellan; Patagon., Rio Chubut (Dusén).
180 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. A. GENICULATUS Linn. (4. avtstulatus Mich.)
Culm smooth, erect, 25 cm. tall. S/eaths loose, shorter than the inter-
nodes; /eaf-blades 1-4 mm. wide, scabrous. Sf#zke ovoid-cylindrical.
Empty glumes over 2 mm. long, united
only at the base, the keels ciliated. //oral
glume shorter, obtuse, dorsally awned at
i its lower quarter, the awns protruding.
M Yj/ (Eurasia and N. Amer.; Australia.)
Vy N. Patagon., in valley of Rio Negro and
Yj) elsewhere; by Rio Gallegos (Barnum
V7 Brown). ‘Gramilla de bafiado.”
}
UZ 4. A. LECHLERI Steud. (4. magellanica
ZF ‘ Zi
Z Lam. A. alpinus aristatus Hook. f.)
“a HER <P G Bee Culm erect, terete, over 1 m.tall. Leaf
opecurus antarcticus, Spike, shightly
rediceds cnid’enspa ned mpmeee sheaths long, glabrous, the blades narrow,
semi-convolute, acuminate, smooth. Sfzke
ovate-oblong, dense. G/uwmes subconnate at base, villous, 3-nerved,
equalling the flowers. dwz scarcely exceeding the glumes.
Valdivia.
¢ <I
aS = ——s,
=
= =
Ww
.
SS
20, POKOBOLEUS ERS Br
Leaves flat or convolute, the throat usually bearded, often sheathing
the open or contracted fanzcle. Spikelets small, 1- (or 2—-3-) flowered.
Glumes 3, awnless and usually pointless; the first shorter, the floral glume
equalling or exceeding the others. S/amens 3, occasionally 2; gvazu early
deciduous, often thin with the loose seed.
Species 80, many American.
I. S. ARUNDINACEUS Gray (non Vasey). (Dzachyrium.)
Culm 60-90 cm. tall, smooth, compressed-cylindrical, densely enclosed
at base in 10 mm. broad sheaths, leafless above. Leaves as long as the
culm, cylindrical, pungent, the sheaths being long, woolly-margined : the
lower sheaths bladeless. Panicle 25 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, attenuate
both ways. /Pedzcels thick at top, same length as the spikelets. Ampty
glumes \anceolate, acuminate, carinate, longer (5-6 mm.) than the flower-
ing glume and palea.
(Catamarca); N. Patagon. S. Patagon, by Rio Chico.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEZ. 181
2S INDICUS: Kiebn
Stout, erect, glabrous, 3-12 dm. tall, tufted. Leaves long, attenuate to
a slender point; their “gz/es a ring of short hairs. G/umes 1 and 2 unequal,
half as long as the floral glume.
(N. and S. Amer., Brit. & Br., i, 154.) N. Patagon.
21. POLYPOGON Desf. Beard-grass.
Mostly decumbent annuals with flat /eaves and usually spike-like Aaw-
acles. Sptkelets 1-flowered; glumes 3, all awned; nos. 1 and 2 empty, no.
3 smaller and subtending a shorter palea and its flower. Stamens 1-3.
Grain free, enclosed in the glume and palea.
Species 10, extra-tropical. (Brit. & Br. i, 157.)
lee CHONOTICUS Hook. Tt.
Panicle \arge, oblong; its branches smooth but its pedicels rough.
Leaves shorter than their sheaths. G/uwmes pubescent, obliquely truncate
with awzs twice as long as the flowering glume, which is 5-nerved and
5-awned.
Chonos Archip. and Cape Tres Montes.
2. P. ELoNGATUS H.B.& K. (P. &4itoratis Smith.)
Culm simple, nodes glabrous. Leaves rough-margined. /awec/e nar-
row, 10-30 cm. long, heads if larger nodding. Rays numerous, slender.
Spikelets 2.5 mm. long. Gluwmes hispid at the nerve, aculeate to a seta.
Floral glume half as long, bearing a seta. Padea shorter.
Eurasia; S. Amer. .
3. P. ELONGATUS PATAGONICUS Speg.
Panicle more lax than in the type, subinterrupted, purpurascent, more
or less sheathed by the upper leaf. Lzgu/e short, toothed. -4wz thrice
as long as its glume.
S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz; Chubut.
4. P. MONSPELIENSIS Desf.
Panicle densely spike-like. _Glwmes 2 mm. long, obtuse, bifid, scabrous.
Flowering glume shortly erose-truncate. (In tropics and temperate parts
of both hemispheres. )
182 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
N. Patagon. ‘Very common about Bahia Blanca in the valley of Rio
Negro and elsewhere in N. Patagonia.”” (J. Ball.)
22. AGROSTIS Linn. Bent-grass.
Panicles effuse, of very many 1I-flowered spikelets. G/wmes 3, two
empty, keeled, acute; the third or floral glume is shorter, obtuse, often
dorsally awned. /a/ea short or wanting. Gvazu free, enclosed in the
glume. Seed adhering to the pericarp.
Species 100, cosmopolitan, chiefly in temperate climates.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Floral glumes awned.
6. Leaves glabrous.
c. Panicle lax.
d. Cespitose. Culm 30 cm., naked. Leaves filiform, short. Spikelets minute. Awn
short, caducous. Palea none (?). kufuim.
d2. Panicle nodding or inclined, its rays rough, culm erect, cespitose. Floriglume
4-toothed.
e. Culm 50 cm. Leaves long, linear-lanceolate. Glume 4 mm. long, 3 times as
long as its flower. magellanica.
e2. Culm 5-60 cm. Leaves flat. Panicle dense. Floriglume exceeded by its
awn. antarctica.
d3. Panicle ovate, its branches forking. Leaves involute. Glumes unequal. Flori-
glume broad-ovate. aroides.
a4. Panicle green-violet. Empty glumes 3 times as long as the truncate floriglume.
Awn long, straight. Culms 18 cm., sheathed. rinihuensts.
c2. Panicle contracted. Culm 27cm., sheathed. Leaves flat. Glumes violet ; floriglume
half as long as empty glumes; awn protruding. vaginata.
62. Leaves smooth, but with rough edges. Glumes subequal; floriglume smaller.
c. Panicle contracted, rays 1-spiculate. Culm 18 cm., sheathed. Palea as long as the
bifid floriglume. lechtleri.
c2. Panicle lax. Cespitose; culms 50 cm., nodeless upwards. Palea shorter than the
obtuse floriglume. paucinods.
c3. Panicle lax, lucidulous. Culms 45 cm., scabrous upwards. exasperata,
63. Leaves plane, smooth, but upper surface rather rough. Culms 35 cm., smooth, naked;
rootstock creeping. Spikelets minute ; palea none; floriglume enclosing grain, often
awnless. pyrogea.
64. Leaves pubescent or scabrous.
c. Culms smooth.
ad. Panicle lax.
é. Panicle straw-purple, oblong. Culms 35 cm., with leafy offsets. Leaves
setaceous, pungent. A floral rudiment. naratfiora.
e2. Panicle dense, cernuous, many-rayed. Culm 75 cm., leaf-sheaths glabrous.
Awn terminal, short. patagonica.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 183
e3. Culm 70 cm. Leaves convolute-filiform. Glumes 6 mm., purplish. Awn
long. antoniana.,
d2. Panicle contracted. Culms 50 cm.
e. Awn long. Spikelets large. Glumes slightly exceeding the flowers.
brachyathera.
e2. Awn short. Spikelets small. Glumes 4 times as long as the flowers.
macranthera.
e3. Awn bent. Spikelets only 1 mm. long. Floriglume obtuse. Leaves 5 cm. .
long, plane. canina.
c2. Culm rough, 60 cm., from a creeping rootstock. Leaves linear-lanceolate, retrorsely
scabrid. Awn long. Palea none. cognata.
Az. Mostly awnless, sometimes with awns.
6. Pubescent. Panicle spreading, erect ; spikelets violaceous. Culm jointed at base, glabrous.
Leaves convolute or subsetaceous, with auricles for ligules. aberrans.
62. Scabrous.
c. Culm 30 cm., glabrous. Panicle exserted, green to purplish-brown, at length con-
tracting. Leaves flat, with long ligules. alba,
c2. Culm 40 cm. Panicle dense, exserted.
d, Leaves flat, or involute. Empty glumes subequal. Floriglume truncate, toothed.
| exarata.
dz. Leaves subsetaceous. Floriglume 4-toothed. Palea shorter or none. tenuifolia.
63. Smooth, varying. Leaves narrow, acute. Panicle strict ; its rays di- to trichotomous.
moyanot.
A3. Acute-awned. All glabrous. Lower 3—4 nodes sheathed. Leaves shortish, plane. Pan-
4 icle spike-like, erect ; rays densely spiculiferous. tehuelcha.
A4. Awnless.
6. Annual. Culm 30 cm., nodeless above. Sheaths rough. Panicle lax, its rays opposite.
Glumes straw-colored. servanot,
62. Glabrous perennials.
¢c. Panicle lax.
d. Panicle naked below. Glumes 3 mm., yellowish-violet ; floriglume slightly shorter.
Juegiana.,
d2. Culm 65 cm., naked above. Rays in 2’s. Glumes 4 mm., floriglumes half as
long. oligoclada.
a3. Culm 30 cm., from a creeping base, branching, sheathed. Leaves distichous,
short. Floriglume as long as empty glumes. adistichophylla.
c2. Panicle contracted. Spikelets small.
d. Erect, culms 20cm. Spikelets straw-colored. Glumes subequal, exceeding the
flower ; floriglume 3-toothed. fravidula.
dz. Creeping; culm 9 cm., stoloniferous. Leaves flat. Floriglume truncate, nerve-
less. prostrata.
c3. Panicle slightly contracted, spikelets small. Keel of glumes rough, acute-awned.
Culm sheathed half-way. Leaves plane, shortish. Rays spiculiferous from the
base. : » Ssanctacruzensis,
63. Scabrous and strict. Panicle contracted, glabrous. Rays in umbellate verticils.
umbellata.
184 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. A. ABERRANS Steud.
Culms i-jointed at base, then erect, glabrous. Leaf-sheaths long,
striate, pubescent, with hyaline, obtuse auricles for ligules. Leaves nar-
row, convolute or subsetaceous, much shorter than the culms. Panicle
erect, spreading, the rays 4—7-whorled; subrays few-flowered. SAzkelets
lance-linear, acute, violaceous. floral glumes
coe Vy , subequal, acute, glabrous, mostly awnless.
\ fie. Magellan.
~ : hid. 2. A. AIROIDES Franchet.
SO a Cespitose, with many sterile fascicles.
aK ( ree Culms sulcate, smooth. Leaves all involute,
aes, = he culm, with short blades. Pan-
aa ) 2-3 on the culm, with short blades. an
4 \Y | cle ovate, the branches dichotomizing; the
pedicels capillary, scabrid, spreading, 4-7
times as long as the flower. G/wmes unequal,
= the lower slightly longer, the flowering glume
hyaline, broad-ovate, truncate or toothed,
awnless.
Magellan, Punta Arenas; Fuegia, Eliza-
beth I., remarkable for rush-like, rigid, pun-
gent leaves. (Ca spes:)
A. AIROIDES FLACCIDIFOLIA Speg.
“Differing from the species by having
leaves convolute, flaccidulous, and smaller.
spikelets (1.5-1.75 mm. long); from 4. pt
otricha Desv. by smaller sfzkelets, and flort-
glume smooth, always solitary; from <4.
Urpin cine man ee moyanot Speg. by smooth floviglume and
ter; natural size; young and open Pawzcle rays shorter and more rigid.” (Speg.)
spikelets, and floral glume with palea.
(After Franchet. )
Fig: 34:
3. A. ALBA Linn. Red-top.
Culms to 30 cm. tall, glabrous. Seaths shorter than the internodes ;
ligules to 8 mm. long; /ea/-blades 2-6 mm. broad, scabrous. Panicle at
first open, becoming contracted, green-purple or brown; the palea con-
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE/:. 185
spicuous, at least one third as long as the rather short truncate floral
glume. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 159.)
(Eur. and cult. in N. Amer.) Falklands, perhaps introduced.
4. A. ANTARCTICA Hook. f.
Erect, cespitose, 5-60 cm. tall, nodding or inclined, somewhat dense-
flowered and with whorled branches and scabrid pedicels. Géumes equal,
scabrid on the keel, twice as long as the flower,
which is glabrate at base. Floral glume trun-
cate, 4-cuspidate, 5-nerved with an awmz, ex-
ceeding the glumes. Palea small. Scales ob-
long, scimeter-shaped, subacute (Fig. 35).
Swampy land, abundant and elegant. Cho-
nos and Fuegia to Cape Horn; Churucca;
Falklands [Kerguelen I.]. (Possibly a var.
of A. magellanica. )
5. A. ANTONIANA Gris.
Culm 45-90 cm. tall, smooth. Leaves con-
volute-filiform, rough, often 30 cm. long, strict;
ligule long. Empty glumes 6 mm. long, Agrostis aalakerca: Inflorescence
: 2 : and spikelet with awn. (//ora
Slightly exceeding the flower, purplish dorsally ;
awn rather long. S/¥oral glume 4-toothed.
Near Ca/amagrostis, but distinct by the sterile glumes being broader,
acutish, awned dorsally below the middle.
(Andes of Peru; Argentina) ; Patagonia (?).
Bre, 63.5.
antarctica. )
6. A. BRACHYATHERA Steud.
Culm erect, strict, smooth, 50 cm. tall. Leaves very narrow, acute,
scabrid, 6 cm. by 1 mm.; ligule hyaline, oblong. Pawzcle contracted ;
vays in semiwhorls of 4-6, unequal, dividing into few-spiculate raylets.
Spikelets small, to 2 mm. long; glumes keeled, rough, exceeding the
flowers ; floral glume usually awned, the awus not exceeding the glumes.
Magellan ; Fuegia.
A yellowish specimen represents the typical form, the floral glume
awned ; a violet specimen represents the muticous form.
186 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
7. A. CANINA Linn. Brown Bent-grass.
Culms erect, 50 cm. tall, slender, glabrous. Leaves 3-7 cm. long, 2
mm. wide, scabrous. /anzcle contracted, the branches slender, naked
below. SZzke/e¢s 1 mm. long on appressed pedicels, the oral glume two
thirds as long as the others, obtuse, smooth, with a somewhat bent dorsal
awn. (Eur. and N. Amer. with varieties.)
Punta Arenas; Beagle Channel; Brecknock Pass. (Fig. in Brit. &
Br. i, 160.)
A. CANINA FALKLANDICA Hook. f.
Radical /eaves filiform, shorter than the slender cud/m. Glumes equal,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrid on the keel, exceeding the flowers ;
floral glume erose-truncate, its aw short or none ; palea wanting.
Magellan; Falklands. ‘A specimen of 4. canzna from Punta Arenas
by Dr. Sabatier has some of the leaves setaceous-involute, and others
flat-linear ; the former is like 4. Falklandica.” (Franchet.)
8. A. COGNATA Steud.
Rhizome creeping. Culms erect, about 60 cm. tall, striate, rough below
the panicle; ligules exserted, hyaline ; ea/-d/ades linear-lanceolate, acute,
retrorsely scabrid, 12 cm. long. /amnzcle oblong, lax, flexuose, slightly
nodding; rays capillary, rough, floriferous nearly from base. SAzkelets
lanceolate, 3 mm. long; g/wmes subequal, violaceous and green, the keel
spiny-scabrid, twice as long as the flower; floral-glume bifid with a dorsal
jointed awz exceeding by half the empty glumes ; palea none.
9. A. DELFINI Phil.
Panicle about 20 cm. long, with 5 branches in semi-whorls. Pedicels
I—2 times as long as the 2 mm. spikelets. G/wmes green, smooth ; floral
glume three fourths as long as the others; awz as long as the glume.
W. Patagon. ; by Rio Palena, W. of the Cordilleras.
10. A. EREMOPHILA Speg. (4. distichophylla Phil. non R. & S.)
Creeping (?), branching at base, glaucous, glabrous. Cw/ms 30 cm. tall,
both sterile and fertile enclosed in leaf-sheaths. Leaves crowded, dis-
tichous, short; the ligules very short. /Pamzcle large, pyramidal, 12 cm.
long; g/umes equal, lanceolate ; floral glume as long, acuminate; palea
nearly as long; these glabrous.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 187
(Atacama); N. Patagon., in dry stony places near Colu-huapi. ‘‘Glumes
always conspicuously shorter than the flower.’’ (Speg.)
Lieto es EXARATA el Tin.
Culms erect, 30-60 cm. tall. Leaves mostly erect. Panicle narrow,
crowded, greenish, the rays floriferous from the base ; spikelets 3-4 mm.
long ; glumes subequal, acute, the floral glume shorter, sometimes awned
above the middle ; palea shorter or none.
(W. of N. Am., Brit. & Br. i, 160.)
A. EXARATA ANGUSTIFOLIA Hackel.
Leaves of innovations very narrow, scarcely 1 mm. broad; often con-
volute ; those of the culm broader. Cz/m 15 cm. tall.
East Fuegia (Dusén).
12. A. EXASPERATA Trin.
Culm simple, 45 cm.?, scabrous upwards; nodes and sheaths glabrous ;
ligule sublinear, obtuse. Leaves plane, 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. broad,
roughish on edge. Pawzcles spreading, 7-10 cm., lucidulous, with several
semi-whorls of rays, the shorter floriferous from the base, the longer up-
wards. SAzkele¢s pallidly virescent. G/umes subequal, linear, hispidulous.
Floriglume half as long as the empty glumes, glabrous, with shortly den-
ticulate apex, bearing an erect sefa which exceeds the glume. /a/ea one
third as large. Callus hairless; rudiment none.
(Chili) ; Patagon., elevated meadows near Carren-leofu.
13. A. FLAVIDULA Steud.
Culms erect, 20 cm. tall; leaf-shearhs striate ; ligules exserted, hyaline.
Panicle contracted, 5-7 cm. long; rays semi-whorled, naked at base,
divided upwards. Sfzkele¢ts straw-yellow, linear, small ; games subequal,
ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly keeled, exceeding the flower; floral glume
slightly 3-toothed, enclosing the smooth oblong grain ; palea none.
Magellan ; Fuegia, Ushuaia.
14. A. FUEGIANA Hack.
Cespitose, perennial, with extravaginal innovations. Cz/ms erect, to
60 cm. tall, glabrous, binodal, naked upwards. Leaves glabrous, their
sheaths shorter than the internodes ; ligules ovate, acutish ; blade linear,
188 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
10 cm. by 3-4 mm. (of the innovations narrower). avzcle ovate, 12 cm.
long, lax, the branches in 2—4’s; naked below. .Sfzxe/e¢s crowded above,
lanceolate, 3 mm. long, violet and yellowish. G/ames equal, lanceolate,
1-nerved, keel rough; floral glume two thirds as large, oval, round-trun-
cate, 5-nerved, awnless ; palea one third as long, nerveless.
South Fuegia. (Dusén.)
15. A. KUFUIM Speg.
Cespitose, glabrous, perennial; long, naked cau/ms 20-40 cm. tall, and
with subfiliform leaves, which are short, convolute, striate, having ovate
rather long ligules. Pamzc/e long, lax, the rays subtrichotomous, apically
spiculiferous. SfAzkelets ovate, minute, glabrous. Géwumes not keeled;
floral glume with a short caducous awn; flowers not bearded at base.
S. Patagon.; Fuegia.
16. A. LECHLERI Steud.
Pale green. Cz/ms jointed, erect, glabrous. Leafsheaths as long as
the internodes, lax, glabrous; ligule exserted, hyaline, toothed or cleft;
leaf-blades lanceolate, acute, margin rough. /anzcle long, contracted, from
upper leaf; ays 2-3-nate, pedicels long, 1-spiculate. G/wmes subequal,
' ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, exceeding the flower; floral glume bifid,
dorsally awned; palea similar except the awn. |
N. W. Patagon., by Valdivia.
17. A. MACRANTHERA Phil.
Culm 45 cm. long, leafy to the top, smooth. /amzcle contracted;
pedicels equalling the spikelet, 4 mm. long; g/mes subequal, acuminate ;
floral glume 1 mm. long, ending in a long awn, 4 mm.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
18. A. MAGELLANICA Lam.
Cespitose, glabrous. Cz/ms simple, 30-60 cm., rough below. Leaves
plane, long linear-lanceolate, gradually narrowing ; ligule oval-lanceolate.
Panicle \ong, lax, erect, nodding or inclined, its branches scabrid ; 2/ames
rather large, equal, glabrous or finely pilose, three times as long as the
flower, which is bearded at the base; floral glume 4-toothed, 5-nerved,
awned midway on back; palea half as long.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE&. 189
Like A. antarctica Hook. f., but has larger glumes, greater size, and
conspicuous palea.
(S. Chili; also in Kerguelen I., and in islands off coast of New Zeal.) ;
S. Patagon., by RR. Sta. Cruz & Gallegos; Magellan; S. Fuegia; Falk-
lands.
‘‘My specimens have appressed-hirsute peduncles and rachis, glumes
subequal, 1-nerved, dorsally rough, 4 mm. long; flower small (1.5 mm.
long); the awn scarcely exceeding the glumes.’ (Speg.)
19. A. MOYANOI Speg.
(Glabrivalve, univalve, muticous.) Grasses densely cespitose, glabrous.
Leaves rather plane, narrow, acute; ligule ovate, dentate. Czdms rather
tall, clothed to the top. /anzc/e strict, spathaceous-leafy, vays di- to trichot-
omous, laxly rough, naked, 1-spiculate at the apex. Sfzkelets ovate-
oblong, acute. G/wmes carinulate, dorsally rough, enclosing the shorter
glabrous flower.
Patagon., in meadows along Rio Carren-leof. Grass 30-50 cm. high.
Allied to 4. leptotricha Desv. but distinguished by its usually 1-nerved
floriglume, and the palea altogether wanting.
A. MOYANOI MAJOR Speg.
Culm \eafy to the top, Aazzcle secund, virescent; sfzkelets large (3-3.25
mm. long); flower larger (2 mm.), more 3-nerved and more rough.
Near Carren-leoft.
A. MOYANOI PLICATIFOLIA Speg.
Leaves rigid, glaucescent, plicate; spzkelets dark-purplish, floriglume
very 3-nerved, and often awned on the back.
By Rio Chubut.
A. MOYANOI PUBERIGLUMA Speg.
Glumes more or less densely pubescent-rough; flower equalling the
glumes.
By Rio Carren-leoft.
20. A. NARDIFLORA Griesb.
Rhizome cespitose, descending, with dense-leaved offshoots. Calm 20-
30 cm. tall, smooth, exsert from the pale glabrous sheaths ; ligules acu-
190 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
minate; /eaf-blades convolute-setaceous, recurved, pungent. Panzcle
oblong, purple-stramineous, pedicels rough; empty glumes lance-acu-
minate, exceeding the flower; floral glume 5-nerved, its apex lacerate ;
awned above the base ; with rudiment of a second flower and a long pilose
callus. .
N. Patagon. ; Catamarca.
21. A. OLIGOCLADA Phil.
Cespitose, 65 cm. tall. Cwm naked at the top, smooth; as are the
leaves. Panicle very |ax ; 2 branches in each semiverticil. G/wmes green
to violet, 4 mm. long; floral glume half as long, awnless.
W. Patagon.; by Rio Palena.
22. A. PATAGONICA Phil.
Culm erect, 60-90 cm. tall, smooth, leafy to the top. Leaves rough on
both sides, their sheaths glabrous ; ligules oblique, 4 mm. long. Panzcle
20 cm. long, dense, cernuous; rays 20 or more in the lower whorls, un-
equal ; Aedzce/s capillary, rough, as long as the spikelets. G/wmes nearly
3 mm. long, ovate-acute, ciliolate-carinate; floral glume scarcely half as
long, ovate, 5-nerved, with a short terminal awz,; falea half as long as
the floral glume.
N. Patagon. ; by Lago Nahuel-huapi.
23. A. PAUCINODIS Hack.
Cespitose, erect, geniculate, with 1, rarely 2, nodes, both in the lowest
quarter of the 50 cm. cw#/m, compressed, glabrous. Seats compressed, -
all split, scaberulous upwards. Lzgu/es 3-4 mm. long, truncate; leaf
blade 8-10 mm. by 4-5 mm., flat, glabrous, except on the edges and
upper surface. Panzcle broad-ovate, lax; the rachis scabrous upwards;
rays whorled, the lower 7-10, unequal, undivided, and naked nearly half-
way up. Sfzkelets pallid. Gluwmes subequal, narrow-acuminate, seta-
ceous, keeled; keel of second glume scabrid. Floral glumes broad-ovate,
half as long as the others, glabrous, entire, 5-nerved, obtuse, awned.
Callus minutely bearded. Palea smaller, oval-oblong.
Magellan.
24. A. PROSTRATA Hook. f.
Low, glabrous, creeping; cz/m 8-10 cm. tall, stoloniferous. Leaves
rather plane and smooth. /amnzc/e \inear-oblong ; floral glume truncate,
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. IOI
nerveless and awnless. Allied to 4. alba stolonifera, but distinguished
by smaller size, coarctate panicle, smaller spikelets and flowers, and
absence of awn.
Falklands, rare.
25, @ PYROGEA) Oped.
Rhizome creeping. Czlms long, 30-40 cm., naked. Leaves plane,
rather rigid, striate, upper surface somewhat rough, abruptly triangular-
acute at apex; ligules long-lanceolate. Pawzcle lax, the rays smooth,
nude, alternately spiculiferous at the apex. Sfzkelefs ovate, minute,
glabrous; the e/wmes subequal ; scarcely exceeding the flower, not keeled ;
floral glume enclosing the grain, 5-toothed, with a fine dorsal awn; palea
wanting; flowers bearded at base.
S. Patagon., by Lago Argentina; Fuegia, maritime dunes and sands.
26. A. RINIHUENSIS Phil.
Cespitose. Cz/ms 18 cm. tall, sheathed to the panicle. Leaves plane
or folded, smooth. Fanzcle green-violet, 6 cm. long, rays in semi-verticils
3-5, spiculiferous at apex. G/wmes glabrous; floral glume one third as
long as the lower, truncate, toothed, hyaline ; the awz arising upward,
straight, 6 times as long as the glume.
Patagon., valley of Rio Rinihue.
27. A. SANCTACRUZENSIS Speg.
(Glabrivalvule, bivalvule, microvalvule.) wz/ess, all glabrous. Leaves
plane, narrow, mediocre, herbaceous; ligules ovate-lanceolate, long.
Culms with 2-3 lower nodes sheathed beyond the middle. Pawzc/e laxly
subcontracted, narrow, subcernuous, interrupted; rays moderately long,
the shorter erect-appressed, the longer spreading from their base, densely
spiculiferous from their base or middle. Sfzhele/s lanceolate, small.
Glumes very acute, but not awned, spinulose-scabrid on the keel and
sides. Callus obsoletely and very shortly bearded antrorsely.
S. Patagon., in wet places along Rio Sta. Cruz.
28. A. SERRANO! Phil.
Annual. Culm 27-40 cm. tall, the highest internode very long.
Leaves plane above, the sheaths roughish. amzicle lax, divaricate ; the
192 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
rays and raylets opposite, not whorled. G/wmes stramineous ; the floral
glume half as long as the lower, awz/ess.
W. Patagon.; by Rio Palena.
29. A. TEHUELCHA Speg.
(Glabrivalvule, bivalvule, microvalvule.) 4wz/ess, all glabrous. Leaves
plane, narrow, rather short, herbaceous; ligules ovate, longish. Lower
2-3 nodes of the cw/m sheathed above the middle. /Panzc/e contracted,
spike-like, lobately subinterrupted, erect; vays short, appressed, densely
spiculiferous from the base or nearly so. S#zkelets lanceolate, small.
Keel and sides of g/wme spinulose-rough, acute-awned. Callus glabrous.
Patagon., in wet places along Rio Sta. Cruz, and Carren-leofu.
30. A. TENUIFOLIA Bieb.
Culms about 50 cm. tall, with subsetaceous, obscurely scabrid /eaves.
Floral glume truncate, 4-toothed, 4-nerved, with or without a short dorsal
awn; falea none, or very short. (Near 4. exarata Trin.)
(Eurasia); Magellan.
31: A. UMBELLATA Colla.
Culm and linear eaves both strict and rather scabrous. Panicle con-
tracted, glabrous. Rays verticillate, the verticils umbellate; raylets capil-
lary, subquaternate, 1-flowered. Empty and floral g/wmes equal, acumi-
nate, scarious, awzless. Gratin free.
(Chili); Chubut, in mountain meadows near Rio Carren-leofl. The
Patagonian specimens vary ; spikelets stramineous or violascent. :
32.) A. VAGINATA EDIE
Culm 27 cm. tall, entirely sheathed. Leaves 3 mm. broad, smooth, also
the sheaths. Panzcle contracted, 6-5 cm. long, the semi-verticils approxi-
mate. G/umes violet; floral glume half as long as the lower, its awz
exserted. :
W. Patagon.; valley of Rio Palena.
23. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. (including Deyeuxza Clar.).
Panicles having 1-flowered spikelets, often with the rudiment of a
second. Glumes 3, 2 of them empty, keeled, the third or floral glume,
shorter, obtuse, dorsally awned, hairy at the base, enclosing a shorter
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 193
palea and a flower; the rudimentary second flower being usually a pro-
longed, tufted rachilla. Grain free; seed adherent to the pericarp.
Species 130, in temperate and cold parts of the E. and W. Hemispheres ;
and many in the Andes. The new-world species belong to the section
Deyeuxta, having hairy prolongation of the rachilla, and the callus hairs
short or obsolete. ‘
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Panicle lax. Floriglumes awned.
6. Scabrid. Glumes subequal, nearly twice as long as the flower.
c. Low, cespitose, 10cm. Panicle purplish. Spikelets long, 30 mm. erythrostachya.
c2. Tall, 70 cm., from a creeping root. Panicle subsecund, partly nutant.
montevidensis.
62. Smooth.
c. Awns and glumes 4 mm. Spikelets 6 mm. Cespitose, culms 8 cm. Panicle narrow,
lax, secund.
c2. Awns short.
suka,
d. Glumes 4 mm., violet. Floriglume 2 mm. Culm 60 cm., naked above. Rays
in 3's and 5’s. laxiflora.
d2. Glumes6 mm. Panicle large, rays in 2’s and 3’s. hirthi.
d3. Glumes subequal, as long as the flower and the awn. Culm 50 cm., from a
creeping base. Leaves rough-edged, at first flat. Panicle narrow, spreading.
neglecta.
A2. Panicle contracted, mostly spike-like. All glabrous.
6. Awnless. Small, 12 cm., from a creeping root, with small flat leaves. Panicle few-
flowered. Spikelets 3 mm., with rudiment of a second flower. Sreticola.
62. Awned.
c. Leaves plane.
ad. Culm 20 cm., rough upwards. Rays short. Spikelets 3 mm. No second rudi-
ment. Juegiana.
d2. Culm robust, 65 cm. Glumes 5 mm. Floriglume truncate. Awn short.
magellanica.
@3. Culm glabrous, sheathed above second node. Floriglume with long basal
villosity, and. awn its own length. _ patagonica.
c2. Leaves convolute. Culm 45cm. Rays short, few-flowered. Spikelets only 2 mm.,
bluish. Awn short. poaoides.
c3. Leaves complicate, subpungent. Culm erect, 3-4 nodes sheathed. Spikelets small,
1-flowered. Floriglume with short basal hairs, and short awn. ameghinot.
I. CALAMAGROSTIS (DEYEUXIA) AMEGHINOI (Speg.).
Chetophora ,; not or scarcely subcespitose, glabrous, stoutish ; cz/m erect,
straight, 3-4 nodes below the middle sheathed more than half way. Leaves
more or less complicate, pallidly green, glaucescent, rather rigid, sub-
pungent, not scabrid. Ligule very short, truncate. /amnzcle contracted,
194 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
spike-like, obscurely violascent, subcontinuous. .SAzke/e¢fs small, 1-flow-
ered ; rachilla villous, more than half as long as the flower. G/uwmes sub-
equal, violascent, scarcely carinate, not scabrid, acutish, 3-nerved. Flower
slightly shorter than the glumes, and more pallid. Floriglume 5-nerved ;
the dorsal nerve usually ending in a short awn, apex truncate, 6-dentate,
its base densely surrounded with white hairs nearly as long as itself.
S. Patagon., in dry meadows by Rio Chico, near Chonkenk Aike.
2. C. ERYTHROSTACHYA Desv.
Culms cespitose, 5-12 cm., smooth. Leaves convolute, setaceous,
scabrid. Panicle purplish; spikelets 25-35 mm. long. Lower glumes
subequal, narrow, acuminate, dorsally scabrid, scarcely twice as long as
the flowers. Floral glume ovate, 4-nerved, 2-lobed, the lobes 2-toothed,
awned above their base ; the awz twisted below. Palea shorter, and still
shorter in the sterile flowers.
(Chili) ; Fuegia.
3. C. FRETICOLA (Speg. sub Deyewxza).
Creeping, small ; caz/ms slender, sheathed to the top, 10-15 cm. tall.
Leaves small, plane, glabrous with short truncate ligules. Pamzcl/e small,
spike-like, few-flowered ; spikelets 1-flowered with a rudiment of a second.
Floral glume obtusely toothed at top, zof awned nor mucronate, embrac-
ing the longer palea.
Fuegia; Magellan.
4. C. FUEGIANA Speg.
g, sheathed, rough up-
wards, exceeding the leaves ; /eaves plane, ligule very short. Panicle
spike-like, its rachis rough, its rays short. SAzkelets dense, 3 mm. long,
lanceolate, g/wmes equal. No rudiment. Flowers villous at base ; floral
glume awned below the apex.
Magellan, Punta Anegada. S. Patagon. by R. Sta. Cruz.
Cespitose, glabrous; cw/m erect, 20-25 cm. long
5. C. HIRTHI Phil.
Tall and smooth. fanzcle very large, lax, with 2’s and 3’s of cap-
illary branches which are naked below. G/wmes 6 mm.; palea 4-toothed
above, the awz scarcely surpassing it.
W. Patagon., Valley of Rio Palena.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 195
O27*@, LAXIFLORA “Phil:
60 cm. tall, smooth, naked above ; “eaves plane, Short. Panzicle 17 cm.
long, rather lax, with semi-verticils of 3-5 rays. G/wmes 4 mm. long,
violet; floral glume half as long, surrounded by soft hairs of its own
length; very shortly awed.
W. Patagon., Valley of Rio Palena.
7. C. MAGELLANICA Phil.
Culm robust, 65 cm. or more in height. Leaves plane, 4 mm. broad,
smooth, as are their sheaths; /eaves of sterile shoots shorter. Pamzcle
above the leaves, 12 cm. long, contracted, its rays scabrid. Pedicels
short. G/wmes 5 mm. long, green, hyaline at top; floral glume truncate
and toothed, briefly awned.
Magellan.
8. C. MONTEVIDENSIS Nees.
Root creeping, ringed. Cz/m simple, smooth, 60-90 cm. tall. Leaves
linear, scabrid, the ligules short, round, at length lacerate. Panzcle semi-
verticillate, spreading, subsecund, apically nodding. Gé/umes subequal,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly twice as ‘long as the flower. Floral
glume only exceeding the palea; the hairs as long as the flower or longer.
Apical awn exserted.
N. Patagon. (and Montevideo).
g. C. (DEYEUXIA) PATAGONICA (Speg.).
Cespitose, glabrous. Leaves plane, rigid, scaberulous, shorter than the
glabrous ca#/m which is sheathed above the middle of the second node.
Ligule subtruncate, narrow, scarious, denticulate. Panzcle narrow, con-
tracted, densely flowered; rachis glabrous. Rays branching, some
shorter, and spiculiferous from their base, others longer and spiculiferous
from their middle, scabrid; pedicels pubescent, not equalling or slightly
surpassing the spikelets. SAzfe/ets lanceolate, compressed; glumes equi-
long, acute, 1-nerved, lightly carinate, scarcely scaberulous, 1-flowered ;
flower shorter than the glumes ; florig7ume acute, entire or scarcely biden-
‘tate, 3-nerved, dorsally scabrous, basally surrounded by villosity fully as
long as itself, having a subapical awn as long as itself and longer than
the empty glumes; the very slender produced rachilla half as long as the
flower and softly villous especially at its apex.
196 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Chubut, in elevated meadows near Rio Carren-leoft; a grass 35-50 cm.
high.
10. C. NEGLECTA Gaertn. (C. stvicta Beauv.)
Creeping; cu/m simple, strict, glabrous, 45-60 cm. tall. Leaves linear,
acuminate, plane, convolute when dry, rough-edged, ligule exserted, obtuse.
Panicle narrow, spreading, 10-20 cm. long; glumes equal, oblong, acute,
equalling the flower; Javea half as long as the floral glume. wz in-
serted below the middle, as long as the glume.
(N. Amer. and Eur.) S. Patagon. in Valley of Rio Gallegos; and N.
and E; Puegiay( Dusen), @( Piss ine britecc Bimaiel Gm
11. C. poAOIDES Steud.
Cudm 45 cm. tall, smooth, simple, or branched below. Leaves convo-
lute, the sheaths long, striate. Panzcle somewhat spike-like, lobed, 7 cm.
long, the rays short, few-flowered. Sfzhe/ets dense, 2 mm. long, bluish;
the g/wmes subequal, ovate-lanceolate, exceeding the flower, with tufts of
shorter hairs; floral glume short-awned, as long as the palea.
Magell.; Fuegia; S. Patagon. by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.
‘Handsome, but my (Fuegian) specimens have a small truncate, not
ovate, ligule.”” (Speg.)
T2geGy sURALopey:
Cespitose, glabrous. Caudms 5-10 cm. tall. Leaves plicate, much
shorter than the culm, which is sheathed to its middle; ligule rather long,
truncate, pectinate. Pamnzc/e narrow, lax, secund, the rachis glabrous, the
rays branching, slender. SAzke/e¢s lanceolate, compressed ; g/umes equal,
3-3.5 mm. long, scabrid-margined and nerved; floral glume awned, the
awn as long as the glume; flower with dense villi.
Fuegia (Brecknock Pen.); Navarino I.
24 VELOPED ein
Sprkelets crowded in an open panicle, with two flowers, the lower perfect
and awnless, the upper staminate, with a stout bent dorsal awz.
H. Lanatus Linn. Velvet-grass.
Soft, downy, pale, 30-60 cm. tall, the panicle 5-10 cm., pale-reddish ;
second glume awned.
(Eur., N. Amer.) Magellan (Dusén).
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE-. 197
acu ERTACELN EVR Be:
Leaves convolute-terete, rarely plane. Panzcle dense or lax. Spzkelets
equally 2-flowered. G/umes 4, 2 of them empty, many-nerved, keeled,
acute, subequal ;_2 floral glumes equal, fewer-nerved, dorsally ciliate, awz-
less or straight-awned, at length indurated with the enclosed faéea around
the free grain; palea 2-toothed or 2-awned.
Species 22, chiefly Australian; some in tropical Asia.
E. MALOUINENSIS Steud.
Culm divided from the base, ascending, 12 cm. high. Basal eaves
fasciculate, convolute, one third as high as the culm; culm-leaves only 6
mm. beyond their sheaths. Pawzcle simple, the rays 1-flowered. G/umes
ovate-obtuse, yellow-white and purple.
Magellan; Falklands.
20m TROP SL -Desv-
Low annuals with nearly subulate /eaves and a narrow fanicle of sub-
equal, 2-flowered globose sfekele/s, having a very short rachilla continu-
ing the pedicel. Fmpty glumes 2, obtuse, awnless; floral glumes 2,
slightly shorter, at length rigid and enclosing the grains.
Speciess2 -,onedn WW. Eur. and N: W.. Afr:
A. MILLEGRANA Gris. (vagrostss atrotdes Nees.)
Culm strict, simple; sheaths hairy-margined ; eaves convolute, smooth.
Panicle \ong, spreading, its rays semiverticillate. SAzfele/s shorter than
the pedicels, oblong. oral glume shortly serrulate, as long as the
flowers.
(Brazil); N. Patagon.
27 LRA Linn » Elair-erass.
Mostly annuals with narrow /eaves and contracted or open fanzcles
having capillary vays. Sfrkelets small, 2-flowered. Glumes 4, hyaline ;
2 empty, subequal, acute, persistent; also 2 floral glumes, deciduous,
dorsally awzed below the middle; palea a little shorter. Gvazz enclosed
in the glume and palea.
Species 6, in Eur. and N. Afr.; one in all temperate lands.
(Forms having the rachilla produced are removed to Deschampsza.)
198 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. A. ATROPURPUREA Wabhlenb. (Scheele sub Deschampsza).
(4. magellanica Hook. f.)
Cespitose, erect, 20 cm. tall. Leaves plane, puberulous above; ligule
ovate, truncate, toothed. Pamzcle lax, 7 cm. long, its .branches paired,
slender, apically spiculiferous. SfAzkelets 4
mm. long, 2-flowered ; g/umes ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute, purplish or green at the base ;
flowers shorter, the lower subsessile. //oval
glume \ong, truncate, silky at base, ciliate-
toothed, awzed above the middle, the awn
straight and included. (Fig. 36.)
(Lapland ; Arctic Amer.) Magellan,
Puerto del Hombre.
2. A. CARYOPHYLLEA Linn. Silvery
Hair-grass.
Fic. 36.
Aira atropurpurea. Inflorescence ;
spikelet and essential organs.
Slender, cespitose, glabrous, 10-20 cm.
tall, with silvery lax Janzcle having its rays
in 2’s or 3's. Ligules 3 mm. long; /eaf-b/ades 1-3 cm. long, soft, narrow,
soon twisting. Sf#zke/ezs erect, silvery ; glumes 2-3 mm. long, ovate, acute,
1-nerved ; floral glume shorter, with projecting dorsal awz.
(Eur., naturalized in N. Amer. Fig. in Brit. & Br. 1, 168.)
Falkland Is., introduced.
3. A. SpPIcIFORMIS Steud.
Cespitose and smooth; cudms erect, 10-15 cm. tall. Lzgzde hyaline,
oblong. /anzcle contracted, spike-like or oblong, 25-35 mm. long; the
rays short, few-spiculate; the spikelets violet and green, 2-flowered.
Glumes not equalling the flowers, glabrous; floral glume ovate, incom-
pletely 3-nerved. Palea ovate, its margin ciliolate.
Magellan; W. Fuegia.
“Very beautiful. My specimens differ from the type, having the color
not or scarcely glaucescent, panicle linear, lower valvule 5-nerved.” (Speg.)
4. A. SUPERBIENS Steud.
Cespitose ; culms erect, pale-stramineous, 30-60 cm. tall, rough above.
Sheaths \ax, ofter purplish; “ga/e hyaline, acute; /ea/-b/ades \inear-lanceo-
late, 12-25 mm. long, pungent. Panicle spike-like, the rays in 3’s and
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE. 199
5's, few-spiculate. G/wmes ovate-lanceolate, subequal, not as long as the
awnless flowers ; floral glume woolly-ciliate. One flower usually vivipa-
rous, colored amethyst.
Magellan.
5. A. VESTITA Steud.
Cespitose, fertile and sterile intermixed with dry sheaths. Fertile culms
30 cm. tall. Radical eaves narrow-convolute, half as high as the culm.
Panicle contracted, 5 cm. long, its rays naked at their base, 2-3 times
forking. Sfzkelets silvery to yellow ; glumes ovate, nearly equalling the
flowers ; these surrounded by basal cilia. /7oral glume awned at base,
the awz not twisted.
Magellan. 7
2G WE SCHAMPSIA’ Beauv.
Panicle contracted or lax, the sAzkelets usually 2-flowered, and with the
rachilla hairy-prolonged or bearing an additional staminate flower. The
2 empty glumes keeled, subacute; the floral glumes truncate, toothed,
dorsally awed about the middle; Javea narrow. MAwus mostly keeled
(straight in sect. Camella).
Species 20, in cold and temperate regions. Like Azra, but distin-
guished by the produced rachilla, or floral rudiment, by longer spikelets,
and somewhat stouter habit.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Panicle lax.
6. Cespitose. Floriglumes awned.
c. Low, 5 cm., leafy, the leaves subulate, linear, involute. Straight basal awn. Extra
rudiment. an/farctica.
c2. Leaves convolute-setaceous. Spikelets 5 mm., violaceous. Awn protruding.
ad. Culm 20 cm. Panicle dense. Awn 3 mm. martini.
a2. Culm 50 cm., nearly naked. Awn basal. No rudiment. Rays in 2’s.
flexuosa.
62. Erect, 60 cm. Leaves linear, with long ligules. Rays fasciculate. Spikelets 6 mm.;
mid-dorsal awn as long as floriglume. grandifiora,
Az. Panicle depauperate.
6. Awnless. Rays in 2’s to 5’s. Culm erect, 75 cm. Leaves short, scabrid. Glumes
purple and gold. Long infrafloral stipe. pulchra.
62. Awned. Rays in 2’s. Glumes violet.
c. Culm slender, naked upwards ; its one leaf convolute-filiform. Floriglume 4 mm., with
long jointed awn. tenella,
c2. Culm 30 cm. Leaves few, flat, short. .Spikelets 4 mm. Floriglume and its dorsal
awn only 2 mm. brachyphylla.
200 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A3. Panicle contracted.
6, Leaves acicular, short, few. Panicle long-linear. Rays in 2’s. Glumes violet.
aciphylla.
2. Leaves filiform. Panicle weak, rays flexuose. Spikelets large, violet ; flowers whitish.
S
Awn geniculate. discolor.
>
3. Leaves setaceous.
c. Culms to cm., leafy. Panicle few-flowered. Floriglume bifid. Awn geniculate.
parvula,
c2. Culm 20 cm., sheathed at base. Rays in 2’s. Spikelets 10, 4 mm. long, purplish.
Awn basal, long. Juegiana.
1. D. AcIPH¥LLA (Franch.) Speg.
Cespitose. Czudms 30 cm. tall, slender,
smooth. Leaves acicular, many times
shorter than the culms, only 1-2 on the
culm; ligules lanceolate. Panicle long-
linear, with paired, scaberulous, capillary
rays, these erect along the axis. Lower
glumes violet; flowers not exceeding the
glumes; the lower sessile, the upper on
the bearded axis surrounded by hairs.
Magellan; Fuegia. (D. fenella Phil.
differs only by larger stature and habit.)
D. ACIPHYLLA PUMILA (Franch.).
Only 7 cm. high; Aazzcle short.
The type and the var. both at Punta
Arenas.
2. D. antrarctica (Hook. f. sub 4zra).
(diridium elegantulum Steud.)
Low, cespitose, 2-7 cm., leafy; the
leaves with long sheaths, subulate-linear,
involute. anzcle large, 10-15 cm. long,
effuse. SfAzkelets lanceolate, 1—2-flow-
ered, with rudiment of a third. G/wmes
lanceolate, rough-keeled, exceeding the
Deschampsia antarctica. The plant slight- :
aur Lite ee .. flowers; floral glume deeply cleft, with a
y reduced, showing its panicle ; also a spike- ; ines
let magnified and floral glume with rudiment. straight basal awz. (Fig. Bie)
Big. 37:
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 201
(Mendoza); Magellan; Fuegia, Punta Anegada; Falklands (also in
Kerguelen I., South Shetlands and South Georgia).
3. D, BRACHYPHYLLA Phil.
Culm 30 cm. tall, naked upwards, few-leaved, glabrous. Leaves plane,
short, their ligules long. /anzc/e 10 cm. long, depauperate, 2 rays in the
semiwhorls; sfzke/ets about 10, subsessile, 4 mm. long. G/wmes violet,
their margin tawny; floral glume half as long, the dorsal awz its own
length; the floral hairs shorter.
W. Patagon., Valley of Rio Palena.
4. D. piscoLor (Thuill. sub 4zva) R. & S.
Culm erect; radical /eaves long, almost filiform; ligule very acuminate.
Panicle weak, contracted, its rays capillary, flexuose. SAzhele/s rather
large; e/umes violet, equalling the white, geniculately awzed flowers.
(N. and Central Eur., N. Chili.) Fuegia.
Fee eresuosA (2) ‘Irint «(77a 7-)
Cespitose; cua/ms 50 cm. high, nearly naked; /eaves convolute, seta-
ceous. /amnzicle spreading, rays capillary in pairs, spiculate at apex.
Spikelets 5 mm. long; glumes scarious, violet towards base, equalling the
flowers, the second slightly longer than the first. Pedicel of the upper
flower short, pilose. -dwz of floral glumes arising low and protruding
from the spikelet.
(Eur., N. Asia; Greenland; N. Amer.) S. Patagon.; Magell.; Fuegia ;
Falklands. (Brit. & Br., 1, 170.) ‘Common everywhere by sea-coast
and on mountains of Fuegia.’”’ (Speg.)
6. D. FUEGIANA Phil.
Subcespitose, glabrous; cw/ms 22 cm. high, densely sheathed at base.
Leaves convolute-setaceous. Panicle 6 cm. long, contracted, rays 2 in the
semiwhorls, these naked below, 1o-spiculate. Sfzke/efs 4 mm. long,
purple, tawny-hyaline at top. oral glume glabrous at base, not cleft, its
awn basal, exceeding the palea.
E. Fuegia.
7. D. GRANDIFLORA (Nees). (4zva grandifiora.)
Culm erect, 60 cm. tall; /eaves linear, striate, smooth, shorter than the
culm, the lower complicate ; ligules long, bifid. Pamzc/e lax, spreading, its
202 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
rays fasciculate, smooth; its rachis pilose-hoary. Sfzke/efs 6 mm. long,
smooth. floral glume 4-toothed, its awz mid-dorsal, equalling its own
length.
(Chili) ; Fuegia.
8. D. Kincit (Hook. f.). (dra kingit.)
Tall, 60-120 cm., glabrous; ca/ms cespitose, with 2-3 nodes. Leaves
narrow-linear, striate, their margin involute; ligules oblong, scarious-
white. Panicle long, lax, the rays whorled. G/wmes white, lanceolate,
3 times as long as the flowers; floral glumes silky-bearded at base, trun-
Fic. 38.
Deschampsia kingit. Panicle, reduced ; also enlarged spikelet and essential organs.
cate, 3-nerved, the mid-nerve produced as a straight awn. — ( 7vesetum
dozet Franch. is probably the same, fide Speg.) (Fig. 38.)
Magellan; W. Patagon.; Fuegia, everywhere in elevated meadows.
9. D. martini Phil.
Cespitose, glabrous, 20 cm. high; /eaves convolute-setaceous. Pamzcle
many-flowered, ovate or pyramidal, rather compact, 6 cm. long, 3-5 rays
in semiwhorls. SAzkelefs fully 5 mm. long, on short pedicels. Glumes
violet at their base; rachis glabrous; /loval glume 4-toothed, its awn
flexuous, exserted 3 mm.; palea as long.
Falklands.
10. D. PARVULA (Hook. f.). (era parvula.)
Cespitose ; cums erect, 7-12 cm. high, often divided, leafy. Leaves
shorter, setaceous; ligules long, scarious-tipped. Pamzc/e contracted, few-
flowered, itsrays short and spikelets erect. G/wmes lanceolate, acuminate,
3 times as long as the flowers; floral glume broad-ovate, basi-bearded,
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 203
apically bifid between 2-toothed segments, awned dorsally, the awz
jointed.
Patagon.; Fuegia; Cape Horn.
11. D. PULCHRA Nees & Mey.
Culm erect, 60-90 cm. high. Leaves short, 5 cm. long, convolute,
scabrid. S/eaths striate, smooth; ligules long, acute. Panzcles with 2-5
slender branches. S#zkele¢s variegated, white-purple and gold. Glumes
subequal, as long as the flowers. S#e of the upper flowers usually half
as long as the flowers, pilose. oral glume with praemorsely toothed
apex, scarcely awned.
(Chili); Patagon.
12. D. TENELLA Phil.
Culm slender, naked upwards; upper /eaf convolute-filiform. Pawzcle
10 cm. long, 2 rays in each semiverticil. G/wmes cuspidate, entire at
apex, violet at base; floral g/ume 4 mm. long, 4-toothed, its awz genicu-
late, twice as long as the palea.
W. Patagon., Valley of Rio Palena.
20s LRISE TUM: Pers. False-oat.
Leaves flat; fantcle dense or lax. Sfzkelets 2 rarely 3—-6-flowered, the
rachilla produced as a hairy bristle or an imperfect flower. G/uwmes
keeled, the lowest 2 empty and unequal; the fora/l glume thinner, acute
or bifid, with a dorsal awz, which is usually bent and twisted; palea
narrow.
Species 50, in temperate regions by the Mediterr., many in N. Amer.,
also in Chili. 1 each in S. Afr., Madagascar, Himal., the Orient, and
N. Zeal.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Spikelets 2-flowered.
6. Panicle in a spathe, or protruding. Leaves lanceolate. Awn twice as long as its flori-
glume. (One of the flowers of a spikelet is easily lost.) Sraudulentum.
62. Panicle lax.
c. Panicle large. Leaves broad, long-sheathing. Floriglume 3—4-toothed ; awn straight,
not long. dozet.
c2. Panicle broad, dense, short. Floriglume 2-aciculate, awned. aureum.
A2. Spikelets 2-3-flowered.
b. Panicle lax, long, nodding, its rays fasciculate. Leaves linear. Spikelets 6 mm. long.
Awn bent. cernuum.
204 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
62. Panicle spike-like.
c. Tufted, 40 cm. Leaves linear-lanceolate, velvety. Spikelets silvery or purplish.
Floriglume bifid, with short awn. Spicatum.
c2. Erect, 25 cm., and sterile culms. Leaves flat, hairy. Spikelets 5 mm. long, with
extra rudiment, variegated. Floriglume long, awned. subaristatum.
A3. Spikelets 3-4-flowered. Panicle spike-like.
6, Creeping. Culms 70 cm. Leaves scabrid inside. Spikelets 4 mm. Floriglume 5-
nerved, scabrid, awned or awnless. repens magellanicum.
62. Erect, 40 mm. Leaves linear-acuminate, with scabrous margin. Spikelets 5-7 mm.
long. Floriglume 2-mucronulate, awn as long as itself. variabile.
1. T. ANTARCTICUM Trin. (non Nees).
Erect, glabrous. Lowest node hairy. Sheaths and /eaves 10-15 cm.
long, narrow-linear, scabrid on edges, otherwise glabrous. Panzcle 7-10
cm., contracted to lax. SfAzkelets about 4-flowered, 7 mm. long. Lmty
glumes unequal, the lower narrow, the upper ovate-acute. floral glume
glabrous, 6 mm. long, acute, 2-mucronulate, awned two thirds up, awz
its own length. Palea shorter.
(Chili; N. Zealand); Patagon. and Fuegia. (Speg.)
2. T. AUREUM Tenore. (7. condensatum Presl.) |
Panicle broad, rather dense, short. Sfzkelefs 2-flowered, the upper
glume a little larger. Floral glume 2-aciculate, awned above the middle.
Ovary naked. Callus naked. achzs with very short hairs.
Fuegia.
3. T. CERNUUM Trin.
te i Culm slender, 70 cm. tall. Sheaths smooth or
BS hairy, /eaf-blades about 17 cm. by 7 mm. Panicle
open, slender, nodding, 20 cm. long, its rays in clus-
ters, capillary. SAzke/ets usually 2-3-flowered, 6 mm.
long; empty glumes 3 and 4mm. long; floral glume
scabrous, ovate-lanceolate, its awz bent. Grazn with
hairy tip.
(Arctic Russia, there with glabrous grain; Japan;
Calif.) ; Fuegia.
Fic. 39. 4. T. poze! Franchet. (May be Deschampsia kingit
Trisetum dozet. Panicle, Hook. 3)
and enlarged spikelet, and : ;
floral glumes. (After Fran. C€SPitose; ca/ms smooth, 30-90 cm. tall. Leaves
chet. ) broad, folded, long-sheathing. /anzc/e large, its rays
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 205
smooth, elongate. G/umes lanceolate, the lower longer and 3-nerved.
Flowers 2, enclosed in hairs, not exceeding the glumes. Rachilla rough,
produced. floral glume 3-4-toothed, with straight submedian awz not
exceeding the glumes. (Fig. 39.)
Patagon., Churucca; Fuegia to Cape Horn.
5. IT. FRAUDULENTUM Steud.
Glabrous throughout; cad go cm. tall; /eaves lanceolate, their sheaths
lax, shorter than the internode, ligules exserted, oblong, cleft. Pamzcle in
upper spathe-like leaf, sometimes protruding. Sfckelets 2-flowered; the
glumes unequal, the lower ovate, twice as long as the lanceolate upper.
The upper flower with hairy pedicel. -4/wz twice as long as its glume.
(The pediceled flower is easily deciduous, leaving its pedicel as in
Calamagrostts. )
S. Patagon., by Rivers Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Magellan.
6. T. REPENS (L.) MAGELLANICUM Desv. (7° glaucum d’'Urv.)
Creeping. Culms 49-90 cm. long. Ligules short, toothed; /eaves
plane or convolute, scabrid inside. Pawzcle spike-like, 8-15 cm., green
Spikelets erect, lax, oblong-elliptical, compressed, 12-16 mm. long, 3-4-.
flowered. Lmpty glumes subequal, as long as the spikelet, oblong-ellip-
tical, convex, 4-6-nerved, muticous or mucronate, inequilateral, erose-
toothed, scabrid outside. Floral glume 5-nerved, oblong-elliptical, awned
or not, dorsally scabrid.
Magellan; Port Gallaret: Puerto del Hombre. Ushuaia. Falklands.
T. SECUNDUM Kth. Mts. of Fuegia.
7. T. spicatuM Richter. (4zvas. of L. 7: subsficatum Beauv.)
Tufted, 10-60 cm. high; sheaths pubescent, 3 cm. long, ligules scarious,
blades flat. Pamnzcle spike-like, interrupted, silvery or purplish, 3-10 cm.
long. Sfrkelets flattened, 2-3-flowered, produced rachilla as a bristle or
aglume. Smpty glumes about 5 mm. long, sublanceolate; floral glume
as long, its awn varying in length.
(Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 171. Eurasia by Arctic regions to N. Amer. and
to Andes of Peru; also in Australia, N. Zeal., Campbell’s I.) Falklands ;
Magell., Fuegia to Cape Horn.
“Its great abundance in the New World, and especially in the extreme
south of America, coupled with its rarity in the southern regions of the
206 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Old World, where it is only known on the tops of Campbell’s Id., seems
to indicate its having been transmitted from east to west as against the
course of the prevailing winds in the antarctic regions.” (J. D. Hooker.)
T. SPICATUM-PHLEOIDES (Kunth).
A robust form.
Punta Arenas, and nearly everywhere in Fuegia (Dusén). Also a
slender form at Ushuaia and Navarino I.
“That of Horn Id. is velvety throughout, and represents 7: Ah/eordes
Kunth.” (Franchet.)
8. T. SUBARISTATUM Desv.
Erect, 22-30 cm. Leaves 4-7 cm. long, plane, pubescent-tomentose.
Ligule ovate, dentate-ciliate; sheaths longer. Sverile culms low. Panicle
5 cm. long, cylindraceous, spike-like, shining, variegated. Sfzkelets 2-3-
flowered, with a pilose rudiment, 4-5 mm. long. G/umes unequal, the
lower lanceolate, 1-nerved; the upper larger, obovate, 3-nerved; pedicels
pilose. floral glume glabrous, long, 5-nerved, awed below the apex.
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz, rare.
oO), [, \VARIABIUE. E: Deésv.
Culm erect, 30-60 cm. tall, with 2-3 glabrous nodes. Leaves plane,
linear, acuminate, scabrous-margined. Panicle spike-like, 7 cm. long,
shining. Sfekelets 5-7 cm. long, shining, 3-4-flowered. Flowers 5-6
mm. long. G~lumes unequal, the lower narrow, linear, the upper ovate,
acute, shorter than the spikelet. //oval glume 5 mm. long, rough, 2-mu-
cronulate, awed two thirds up; awn as long. Palea scarcely as long.
(Chili) ; Magellan; Fuegia (Brecknock Pen.).
_T. VARIABILE VIRESCENS (Nees).
Leaves pilose, broad and rough (7 mm. by 30 cm. long); ovary glab-
rous. SA#zkelets about 3-flowered, glaucous to green.
(Central and S. Chili); Magell., Fuegia.
20, AVENAMeann Oat.
Spikelets few-flowered, rarely 1-flowered, in a loose panicle; rachilla
articulate above the two empty glumes, hairy under the floral glumes.
Empty glumes subequal; the floral smaller, rounded on back, with a
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE-A. 207
dorsal twisted awn; palea narrow. Grain furrowed, mostly pubescent,
often adhering to the palea. Upper flower often imperfect.
Species 30, chiefly in temperate parts of the Old World.
I. A. FATUA Linn.
Culm erect, glabrous, smooth. Leaves broad, scabrid, aculeolate.
Panicle equal, erect, its rachis scabrid. Sfzkelets oblong, 3-flowered.
Flowers all awed, pilose at base with rufescent hairs. Seeds soon
caducous. |
(Europe, in fields); S. Patagon.,in elevated meadows by Rio Sta. Cruz.
2. A. HIRSUTA Roth.
Culm half to more than one meter high. Leaves plane, scabrid.
Ligules ovate, rounded. /anzc/e simple or compound, nodding. SAzke-
let 3-flowered, having (1) an inferior, fertile long-awned flower, (2) a
muticous fertile flower, (3) an upper abortive muticous flower. G/umes
lance-acuminate, 7—9-nerved, exceeding the flowers.
Secttason, Dy Rio ota. Cruz. |
3. A. LEPTOSTACHYS Hook. f.
Culm 30 cm. tall, slender. Leaves flat, long, shining. Pamnzcle slender,
flexuous, nodding, its branches whorled, short, capillary and few-flowered.
Floral glume bearded below, bicuspidate, awned between the segments,
the awz reflexed, twice as long as the spikelet. An elegant grass.
Magellan.
. Pim ANILELONILA DG.
Mostly perennials with flat or convolute /eaves and contracted or open
panicles. Spikelets 3-many-flowered, rachilla pubescent, extending beyond
the 3—more flowers of the spikelet. Azfty glumes subequal, keeled.
Floral glumes rounded on back, 2-toothed, with a flat, twisted and bent
median aw, the teeth sometimes awn-like. Gvazz free, enclosed in the
glume.
Species 100, mostly in S. Afr. and in warm and temperate regions.
(D. antarctica Desv. = Deschampsia antarctica.)
Te) SCOLLINA Sahil
Culms erect, glabrous, 3-nodal. Leaves and sheaths long-pilose, the
radical convolute, setaceous, one third as long as the culm; sheaths of
208 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
the cauline leaves long, pilose-mouthed; upper ligules long; uppermost
leaves short. Panicle contracted; spikelets 10-15. G/umes subequal,
lanceolate-subulate, exceeding the flowers, yellow or slightly violaceous.
Floriglume 10 mm., parted half-way, with long white hairs. 4wx 12 mm.
Patagonia, elevated places near Bolson and Carren-leofu.
The Patagonian forms have the leaves and sheaths becoming glabrate
with age, when young laxly and softly villous.
2. D. prcra Nees & Mey.
Cespitose ; cw/ms erect, 6-30 cm. high, geniculate at the oblong, fulvous
nodes. Leaves coriaceous, convolute, with pilose sheaths and short ligules.
Panicle few-flowered, strict, to 4 cm. long, pointed: sfzke/efs gQ-10 mm.,
3-4-flowered. Limpty glumes \ance-linear, 3-nerved, white with purple
tips. FVoral glume oval-elliptical, with setae and awz in a triple cincture
of hairs. ,
(Chili); S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz, and Lago Argentino.
“Specimens from Sta. Cruz have yellowish-green glumes: from Lago
Argentino are painted purple or violet.” (Speg.)
3. D. PICTA PATAGONICA Speg.
Smaller than the species ; eaves convolute-subulate, subpungent. SAzke-
lets 3-flowered, g/umes green, scarcely violascent; awzs scarcely as long
as their glumes.
S. Patagon., dry rocky places between S. Julian and Rio Deseado.
32. SPARTINA Schreb. Marsh-grass.
Glabrous with long rhizomes, flat, involute /eaves, and alternate 1-sided
spikes. Spikelets 1-flowered, in two rows, articulated below the glumes.
The 2 empty glumes unequal, keeled; palea mostly longer than the floral
glume.
Species 7, in saline soil or marshes.
Te 0 Cho PA Am beUILLL:
Leaves convolute-filiform. SAzkes numerous, closely appressed. Keels
of the glumes ciliate; Xeel of floral glume spinulose.
A tall wiry grass used for thatching about Bahia Blanca,
N. Patagon. (J. Ball).
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 209
2. S. DENSIFLORA Brongn.
Sfikes cylindrical, subfusiform. Branches on all sides imbricate, ap-
pressed. .Sfzkele¢s lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, lucid. Kee/s denticu-
late.
(Chili) ; Patagon.
3. 5S. PATAGONICA Speg.
Densely cespitose, glabrous. Cz/ms leafy to the top. Leaves dis-
tichous, erect, their limb short, convolute, obtusely acute; sheath very
long, close; ligule very short, ciliolate. SAzkes secund, laterally com-
pressed; rachis glabrous, dorsally channeled, with 8-12 spikelets, which
are distichously unilateral, compressed and imbricate. Lower glume
2-3 times shorter than the upper, and narrower; the upper equalling the
flower; palea glabrous, the inner finely membranaceous.
S. Patagon., at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz. 40-70 cm. high.
33. CAPRIOLA Adans. (Cynodon Pers.)
Perennial grasses with short flat eaves, and flowers in digitately ar-
ranged sfzkes. Sprkelets 1-flowered, secund. G/wmes 3, the floriglume
broadest and compressed; Aavea shorter, 2-keeled. Stamens 3; styles
distinct. Grazn free.
Species 4, 3 Australian, and 1 cosmopolitan in warm countries.
C. DACTYLON (Linn.) O. Ktze. Bermuda-grass.
Culms 1-3 dm. tall, erect, glabrous; seatis crowded at base or on the
stolons. Leaves flat, rough on upper surface. SAzkes 4-5, rachis flat.
Floriglume broad and much compressed.
(Eur., U.S. from N. Y. southwards.) N. Patagon., near Rio Colorado.
34. CHLORIS Swartz.
Leaves flat; spzkes 1-many, often in pairs or digitate; sfzkelefs in 2
-rows on one side of the rachis, articulated above the empty glumes, which
are unequal, keeled, acute; floral glumes awned, the lowest enclosing a
perfect flower, at length enclosing the free grain. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i,
178.)
1. C. petR#a Thurb.
Culm simple, erect, 30-60 cm. tall, glabrous, leafless. Leaves sub-
distichous, linear, serrulate, ciliate, their sheaths equitant, compressed.
210 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Spikes 4-7, fasciculate, strict. Flowers 2, the upper setigerous below the
apex; floral glume setigerous, ciliolate.
(Trop. Amer.) ; N. Patagon.
2. C. RADIATA Sw. (C. beyrichiana Kth.)
Culm creeping, branching, compressed; J/eaves scabrous, margined.
Spikes 6-8, digitate, rachides flattish. SAzkel/ets 2-flowered, the upper
flower degenerate, 1-awned. The e/wmes lance-subulate ; floral glumes
long-awned.
(Trop. Amer.) ; N. Patagon.
35. TRICHLORIS Fourn.
Tall perennials with flat leaves. Spikes numerous, slender, sessile on
the peduncle, subverticillate, forming a dense panicle, which is oblong and
echinate by very many dense awns. Spikelets slender, erect, 1-, rarely
2-flowered, sessile along the continuous rachis of the unilateral spikes, 2-
seriately crowded; rachilla articulated above the lower glumes, produced
beyond the flower and glumiferous. Empty glumes 2, small, the second
awned; the floriglume 3-awned, its awns long, straight. Superior empty
glumes various, some 3-awned, others reduced.
Species 4-5, Mexico to S. Amer.
a. Flower of spikelet 1, hermaphrodite, and 2 or 1 sterile flowers. Awns of fertile floral glume
3, subequal.
6, Neuter flowers 2. mendocina (type).
62. Neuter flower I. mendocina blanchardiana.
a2. 2 flowers of spike hermaphrodite, and 3 sterile; mid awn larger. p/uriflora, of Texas, Mex.,
Argentina.
T. MENDOCINA BLANCHARDIANA (Gay) Kurtz. (Scribner’s description
of 7. dlanchardiana.)
Culm stout, leafy, 60 cm. tall. Sheaths compressed, keeled, hairy on
edges, especially near the throat; upper surface of the conduplicate leaf
hairy near the base. Spikes slender, 12 or more, 7-10 cm. long, in a
terminal panicle. Spikes 1-flowered, flower 3-awned, hermaphrodite; also
a stiped 3-awned rudiment, occasionally 2 rudiments.
N. Patagon. Common by RR. Colorado and Negro.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINEAE. 211
20 DOULELOUAS Lac.
Spikes 1-sided, ultimately drooping. Spikelets in 2 rows on the rachis,
1—2-flowered, the rachilla prolonged, bearing bristles or rudimentary
flowers. The 2 lower empty glumes acute, keeled; the floral glume 3-
toothed; palea narrow, entire or 2-toothed; stamens reddish. Upper
empty glumes 3—5-awned or divided. Grain oblong, enclosed but free.
Species 30, chiefly in Mex. and S. W. United States.
B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. is the Grama-grass of U. S. prairies; Z.
hirsuta Lag., hairy Mesquite-grass.
B. MEGAPOTAMICA (Spr.) O. Ktze. (B. multiseta Gris.)
Cespitose; culms creeping, ascending, jointed, simple, 30 cm. tall.
Leaves linear, narrowing subulate at top, the margins rough, glaucous
above; their sheaths cleft, glabrous, and ligules short ciliate. Spikes 3-4,
racemose. Spikelets 4-5-flowered, silky at base; lower flower 3-awned,
densely pilose; the others with one glume and 9-11 fascicled awns.
(Brazil; Argentina.) N. Patagon. along Rio Negro, near Carmen.
37. TETRAPOGON Desf. (Cryftochloris Benth.)
Small grasses, with dense simple sfz£e half enclosed within a spathe-like
bract. Spikelets with 1-2-3 flowers, silky. Lower glumes very narrow,
acute, awnless; several upper empty glumes smaller and awned; floral
glume awned, the awz terminal between 2 obtuse lobes, mostly silky.
Floral glume and grain falling away together.
Species 6, chiefly African; 1 in Patagon.
T. SPATHACEuS (Benth.).
Annual grass, scarcely 5 cm. high; s¢ems below the inflorescence, 12-25
mm. Leaves few, laxly sheathing, the blades linear. Sracf large, spathe-
like, 16-20 mm. long, nearly enclosing the sessile, continuous, subsecund
spike, which is quasi-plumose from the seé@ and awzs of the 2-flowered,
biseriately crowded sfckelets.
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. ‘My specimens hardly differ from the
description by the palea being awnless and attenuate-mucronate.”’ (Speg.)
38. PAPPOPHORUM Schreb.
Cespitose grass, with narrow, often convolute /eaves, and dense spici-
form fanzcle, with many awzs often silk-like. Sfzhelets 1-2-, rarely 3-4-
212 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
flowered, narrow, with a joint above the lower glumes, the uppermost
flower often male. Hmfty glumes 2, carinate; floriglume broad at base,
obscurely many-nerved, divided into many awn-lke lobes; 2-3 upper
glumes empty or with a rudiment. /a/ea broad, 2-carinate. Grain en-
closed in the palea and floriglume, free.
Species 20, in warm countries.
P. MUCRONULATUM Nees.
Culm branching. Leaves attenuate-acuminate, convolute, glabrous as
are the sheaths. Panicle spicate, narrow, long, cernuous; sfzkelets nearly
4-flowered. G/umes subequal, oblong, membranaceous, setaceous-mucro-
nate, I-nerved; 2 (rarely 3) lower flowers perfect. //orig/ume subcori-
aceous, Silky-strigose, 4-cleft.
(Brazil); N. Patagon., not rare in dry places near Carmen, and at the
mouths of Rio Negro.
39. PHRAGMITES Trin. (4rundo Beauv.)
Tall perennials, with large flat d/ades, and spikelets 2—-many-flowered, in
a large much-branched fawzcle, rachilla elongated and articulate between
the flowers, and covered with long hairs. G/umes thin, keeled, pointed,
the florzglume with a longer point, the /owest flower being male or abor-
tive. (This last character distinguishes from Avando Linn.)
Species 2, over warmer parts of both worlds, in wet places.
P. PHRAGMITES (Linn.) Karst.
Culms 2-3 m. high; d/ades often 3 cm. wide. Pawnzcle 15-35 cm. long.
Spikelets 3-5-flowered, 16 mm. long, the silky hairs as long as the
flowers. G/umes with nerves anastomosing towards the apex. /lori-
glume 5-nerved, 12 mm. long,
(Cosmopolitan in N. Hemisphere and Australia); Chubut, in swamps,
and near Carren-leofi. The Patagonian forms always have 3-flowered
spikelets, the upper flower often reduced.
40. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm.
Creeping or stoloniferous, with crowded distichous /eaves, less than 1
cm. long. Sfzkel/efs unisexual, almost immersed in leafy bracts. Ampty
glumes \ike the leaves. Sloriglume obtuse or toothed. Stamens 3.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINEAE. 213
Styles distinct. Gvazz subtriquetrous, enclosed in the palea, not adherent.
Species about 2, in southern U. S. and S. Amer.
M. AUSTRALIS Speg.
Densely pulvinate-cespitose; the short branches pectinately leafy.
Leaves small, complicate, rigid, callous-pointed. SAzkes acrogenous, sub-
sessile, compressed; with 2, rarely 3 flowers; often with a produced
glumiferous rachilla; /orzg/wme subcarinate ; Aadlea bicarinate, all glabrous.
(Only the male specimens known.)
S. Patagon., dry salinas between S. Julian and Rio Deseado.
41. GYNERIUM Humb. & Bonpl. Pampas-grass. (Corfaderia Stapf.)
Tall, tubular grasses, often with woody base. Leaves very long, narrow,
crowded at the base; ligules a line of hairs. Panicle ample, dense, be-
coming lax and nodding, silvery or dark. SAckelets 3-7-flowered, dice-
cious, vachilla longish, articulate in both sexes, with long hairs arising
from the membranaceous or thin narrow glumes. L:impty glumes as long
as the spikelet, scarcely equal, 1—3-nerved or nearly nerveless, acuminate.
Floral glumes 3-nerved, the mid pointed and produced as an aw, mostly
glabrous in the male, long-pilose in the female. S¢amens 3 in the male
flowers, also rudiments in the female, and rudimentary ovary in the males.
Grain narrowly oblong, free within the glume and palea.
Species 5, in extratrop. S. Am. and along the Andes northwards.
1. G. ARGENTEUM Nees. (Cortaderta dioica Speg.) Pampas-grass.
3-6 m. tall. Leaves 1-3 m., gracefully pendent. Panzcles 30-60 cm.
long, 10-15 cm. broad, the ma/es broad-pyramidal, the femades long-
linear, beautifully silvery or pinkish. Floral glumes of the male flowers
Bearcely awned, (Figv in Eng. & Pr. 1; 2, pi 67.)
(Cult. in lawns; Brazil; Argent.); N. Patagon., Patagon., near source
of Rio Chico; Nahual-huapi.
2. G. piLosum (d’Urv. sub 4vundo Cortaderia pilosa Hack.).
Panicle contracted, subovate. . Empty glumes smooth, carinate, acute,
as long as the spikelet. Voral glumes copiously girt with long, white
villi. Leaves striate, distichous, mostly exceeding the culm. /Fawzc/e
contracted, subovate. G/wmes violaceous, scarious-margined. mpty
214 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
glumes smooth, carinate, acute, as long as the 5-flowered spikelet. //oral
glumes smooth with long, white villi.
This with Szegdingia antarctica and Festuca erecta make a cespitose and
tenaceous mass, 3 dm. deep, covering half of the Falkland Islands.
Patagonia, by Lago Maravilla.
“Rachilla pilose.” (F. Kurtz.)
42. SIEGLINGIA Bernh. (77od7a R. Br.)
Leaves narrow, and panicles contracted or open. Sfrkelets having 2 to
several flowers, all perfect or the upper staminate. G/wmes 5—many, the
lowest 2 empty, shorter than the spikelets, keeled; the floral glumes not
keeled, their 3 nerves pilose and excurrent as points. S7Zy/es short.
Gram dorsally compressed, enclosed but free.
Species 30, in temperate regions; also in trop. Amer., Afr. and
Austral.
S. ANTARCTICA (Hook. f.).
Small, densely cespitose, very leafy, glabrous ; eaves not rigid, nearly
equalling the culm, long-sheathed, setaceous, the margins involute.
Panicle spike-like; sfzkelets short-pediceled, 3-flowered; glumes sub-
equal, lanceolate; floral glume broad-ovate, 5-nerved, acute, minutely
triid. See note on Gynerium pilosum.
Magell., Fuegia, Mts. of Hermite I., Falkland Is.
43. DIPLACHNE Beauv. (or sub Leptochloa).
Cespitose, mostly tall, with narrow, plane “eaves, and very slender
spikes, erect on a long axis, or rarely 1 terminal spike. SAzkele¢s mostly
linear along the rachis, erect, subsecund, many-flowered, sessile or nearly
so, their rachilla articulate above the lower glumes. /A/owers hermaphro-
dite, or the uppermost male. mfty glumes 2, carinate, unequal,
1-nerved, not awned. //Vora/ glume slightly larger, 1-3-nerved, 2-toothed,
with a short median awxz. Grain enclosed but free.
Species 14, in warm climates.
D. MENDOCINA (Phil. sub. /Azzmz).
Panicled spikes numerous, spreading with an open angle. Sfvkelets
many-flowered, distichous along the rachis. Aacfz//a articulate between
the flowers. Lower empty glume lanceolate, upper ovate, larger. Floral
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINEAE. 215
glume dorsally compressed, 3-nerved, shortly mucronate, hyaline towards
its apex. Falea ovate.
(Argentina) ; Patagon.
44. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. |
Spikelets flat, usually many-flowered (rarely 2-flowered), the flowers
perfect or variously unisexual; Aanzc/e contracted or open. G/umes short,
unequal, keeled, 1—3-nerved; floral glumes larger, unawned, 3-nerved ;
palea shorter, prominently 2-nerved. Svamens 2 or 3. Grain not fur-
rowed, enclosed, free. (Like Poa, but differing by the 3-nerved floral
glumes. )
Species 100, in temperate and warm climates.
ie Ee DELICATULAs I rin,
Culm erect, slender, 12-25 cm. tall, floriferous and branching from
base. Leaves plane, glabrous, their ligules ciliate-bearded. Pamzcle
spreading, its rays 1-2, rarely more, mostly compound from the base.
Shikelets as long as the pedicels, linear-elliptical, 3—6-flowered.
(Bahia Blanca); N. Patagon. ‘Good pasture in the valleys.” (J. Ball.)
2. E. ERAGROSTIS (Linn. sub Poa) Karst.
Annual, 10-25 cm. high. Leaves flat, smooth, scent-glands on their
margins and the glumes. /awzc/e ovoid or linear, rather dense. SAzkelets
compressed, on short pedicels, oblong-linear, plumbeous, 8—20-flowered.
Floriglume broad-oval, obtuse ; Javea ciliated on the nerves. Gyvazz ovoid.
(Europe, introduced to Amer.); N. Patagon. in cultivated places near
Carmen.
3. E. LuGENS Nees.
Tufted perennial, 45 cm. high. S/eaths of sterile sheets compressed,
keeled, hairy. Zzgz/e a ciliate ring; blades ciliate, with filiform points.
Panicle thin, narrow or ovoid, 30 cm. long. Rays in 2’s or 4’s, with
hairy axils, branching. Sfzkelefs oval, 4-8-flowered. G/umes ovate,
acute, floriglume broader, Aa/ea incurved.
(Texas, etc.); N. Patagon., common near Carmen.
4. E. major Host. (£. poceordes major Beauv.)
Cespitose, branching, 15-60 cm. tall. Leaves lanceolate, glabrous,
their sheaths bearded at the opening. Pawzc/e spreading, the rays solitary
216 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
or in pairs. SAzkele¢s elliptic-linear, large, 8—5o0-flowered; the flowers
broad-ovate, mostly mucronulate. (Leaf-nerves with glands which emit
an offensive odor.)
(Cosmopolitan) ; a dwarf form in N. Patagon.
A5= se OB UE NI Awe:
Cespitose, with contracted panzcles. Spikelets mostly 2-5-flowered.
The two lower empty glumes keeled, acute or short-awned, scarious-mar-
gined; floral glumes similar but more scarious; the upper glumes grad-
ually smaller, 3—5-nerved.
Species 15, dispersed over temperate regions; several species in Chili
and Argent. Distinguished chiefly by more scarious glumes and fainter
nerves than of their allies.
1. K. PHLEOIDES Pers.
Culm ascending, geniculate, 7-30 cm. high. JLeaves plane, narrow,
linear, hairy; ligule white-scarious, partly exsert, lacerous. Pamzcle dense,
cylindrical, spike-like; sAzelets 2-8-flowered. G/wmes unequal, shorter
than the flowers. f/orig/ume dorsally scabrous, subapically awned; the
awn exceeding the flower. Annual.
N. Patagon., roadsides near Carmen.
2. WK STERILIS Steud:
Culms 5-15 cm. high, with the leaves fasciculately crowded, having
basal sheaths. Leaves glabrous, linear, nearly as long as the culms, the
margin inflected; the ligules oblong, exsert. Sfzke terminal, solitary ;
the rays with 2-6 sfckele/s, which are lanceolate, 3-4-flowered. G/umes
subequal, nearly as long as the flowers, white hyaline on margin and apex.
Patagon.
46. CATABROSA, Beauv. Whorl-grass.
Creeping perennial aquatic, with soft flat /eaves and open panicle.
Spikelets 2-flowered, the two empty g/wmes nearly nerveless, shorter than
the awn/ess, erose-truncate floral-glume; palea barely shorter.
SPEcies aise Viza:
C. AQUATICA Beauv.
Culm 10-60 cm. tall, stout. SAzkelets 3 mm. long, the second empty
glume exceeding the first., (Brit. & Br. i, 194. In cold parts of Eurasia
and N. Amer.) E. Fuegia.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINE-. 217
47. MELICA Linn.
Erect perennials, often with corms, and usually soft flat eaves. Panicle
contracted or lax; sfzkelets 2-several-flowered; their rachilla produced
and bearing rudimentary flowers. imfty glumes 2, awnless, 3-5- or
more-nerved ; fowering-glumes larger, rounded, 7—13-nerved, sometimes
terminally awned. /a/ee broad but shorter. Graz oblong, dorsally
flattened, enclosed but free.
Species 30, in temperate regions (not known in Austral.).
1. M. MACRA Nees.
Erect, over 60 cm. tall, slender; /eaves strict, very rough, the lower
linear-plicate, the upper plane, 12 cm. by 2 mm. /amcle compound,
secund, its rays racemose. Sfzkelef 3-flowered, lanceolate, nodding.
Glumes subequal, oblong, convolute, 5- and 7-nerved.
(Montevideo and about Bahia Blanca; the fasto-bravo, or wicked
grass. J. Ball.) N. Patagon.
(AZ. magellanica Desv.= Hierochloé redolens.)
2. M. PAPILIONACEA Linn.
Panicle virgate. Pedicels slender, branching below, longer than the
spikelets. Lower g/ume very large, colored, obovate, obtuse, much ex-
ceeding the upper. flowers 2 and a rudiment; floral glume oblong,
16-nerved, apex scarious-colored.
(Brazil); N. Patagon.
3. M. vIOLACEA Cav.
Rhizome bulbiferous. Cams flagelliform, branching, 15-60 cm. tall.
Panicle \inear, rigid, 5-20 cm. long, with 1-7 unilateral appressed
branches; sfzkelefs 2-flowered with 1 or 2 imperfect flowers. Lowest
glume the largest, obovate-rounded, 8-10 mm. long, violet, apex whitish ;
the upper shorter and narrow.
(Common about Bahia Blanca.) N. Patagon. ‘“ Mahuel-Catschu, the
Araucanian name, refers to the puma crouching in it.” (J. Ball.)
ACe Dio ile Hicisekat.
Creeping grass with rigid convolute /eaves and dicecious flowers ; mostly
maritime. SAcke/efs compressed, 6-16-flowered, in a narrow Aazzcle,
sometimes with only 2 or 3 spikelets. Rachz//a glabrous, articulate be-
218 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
tween the female flowers only. G/umes all keeled and acute; the floral
broadest; Aa/ea with prominent keels.
Species 4, America; 1 of them also in Australia.
1. D. scopartA (Kunth, sub Poa) Arech.
Culms fasciculately branching, the branches subfastigiate, leafy. Leaves
narrowly linear, convolute-setaceous, acute-pungent, rigid, with glabrous
sheaths. Female spikelets 3-5, branching, oblong, acute, compressed,
5-6-flowered, glabrous. Flowers not bearded. Floral glume about I-
nerved.
(Montevideo) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.
2. D. spicata (Linn.) Greene.
Glabrous, 60 cm. tall. Seatis long, overlapping; ligules a ring of
hairs. Panicle dense, strict. Much varying.
(N. Amer. and S. Amer.; also Austral. Brit. & Br. i, 198.) N. Patagon.,
on sandy and saline soil. ‘‘Granilla de salistral.”’ (J. Ball.)
D. SPICATA HIRTA (Phil.) O. Ktze.
Hairy, at least the lower leaf-sheaths.
Patagonia. |
40 aan nl Ze tell,
Panicle usually open. Leaves flat or convolute. Sfzkelets large, flat,
tumid, usually many-flowered, nodding. G/lumes strongly concave.
Floral glumes broader; uppermost often empty. Pa/ee much shorter.
Species 12, Old World, and temperate S. Amer.
1. B. SUBARISTATA Lam. (8B. damarckiana Nees. Festuca
commersoniw Spreng.)
Like B. ¢vzloba, but taller, 22 cm., and with orbiculate-cuspidate floral
glume. Sfikelets elliptic-ovate, about 11-flowered. Pamzcles erect, 25
mm. long, contracted; its rays sub-binate, 1-spiculate.
(Montevideo) ; N. Patagon. (?)
2. B. TRILOBA (Nees).
(Calotheca, glumes awned, floral glumes with projecting lateral angles.)
Culm low, about 15 cm., simple. Leaves erect, convolute, rough; ligules
short. Panicle rather contracted, its rays 3-parted. SfAzkelets subtetrag-
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINE. 219
onal, 6—-12-flowered. oral glumes 3-lobed, the mid-lobe long, 9-nerved.
(Brazil) ; N. Patagon.
50. PANICULARIA Fabr. (Glycerta R. Br.)
Leaves flat or involute, and Aanzcle narrow or spreading. SAzkelets
few- or many-flowered; the empty glumes 3-5-nerved; the floral glumes
3-9-nerved, longer, obtuse, convex or dorsally flat, the nerves short;
palea as long as its glume; no awns. Grain grooved, glabrous, enclosed
but free. Leaves mostly glabrous (except P. fludtans).
Species 30, in temperate and some warm ‘regions. P. flutfans R. Br.
extends through the N. temperate parts of both hemispheres, and Aus-
tralia. (Brit. & Br. i, 213.)
Tat) ANTARCTICA | Spep.)-
Creeping, glabrous. Cz/ms sheathed above the mud, the sheaths loose.
Leaves few, plane, the lower floating, the ligules long-triangular. Panzcle
exsert, very lax; the rays whorled, remote, bearing few spikelets; these
ovate, 2-flowered, compressed ; lower glume half as long as the upper.
Base of flower with a few long hairs.
Staaten I. and S. Fuegia.
2. P. FLuiTans (L.) Kuntze. Floating Manna-grass.
Culms a meter high or more, flattened, stout. Sheaths loose. Leaves
12-30 cm. long, wide, scabrous, often floating. Panzcle about 30 cm.
long, rather appressed. SAzhe/e¢s linear, 7-13-flowered ; g/wmes unequal,
1-nerved; the forzgdume scabrous, 7-nerved, its apex erose.
(Eur. and N. Amer. by water) ; Patagon., by Lago Colu-huapi and Rio
Carren-leofu.
3. P. FUEGIANA (Speg.).
Creeping, glabrous; culms sheathed to top, the sheaths large, striate;
leaves few, flaccid, erect, the lower sometimes floating; their blades plane,
linear, acute; ligules exsert, ovate, toothed. /anzc/e long, exserted from
the sheath, at first linear, afterwards lax; sfzkele¢s remote, peduncled,
linear, 3-flowered; g/umes glabrous, the lower obtuse, the upper acute
and twice as long.
Magellan, by fresh water, near Gregory Bay.
220 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. P. LEPTOSTACHYS (Speg.).
Small, cespitose, glabrous. Cw/ms not sheathed, simple. Leaves
fasciculate, erect, very short, the ligules lanceolate. Sfzke linear, few-
spiculate; spzelets minute, remote, sessile, 3-flowered. G/ames unequal.
Magell.
5. P. MAGELLANIcA (Hook. f.).
Glabrous, with cw/m erect and covered by the leaf sheaths, which are
longer than the involute leaf blades. Pamzc/e long, lax ; its rays in flower
apically elongated. Spikelets 4-6-flowered; g/umes apically eroded ;
floral glumes 5-nerved.
S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz; Magell., in wet meadows by Gregory
Bay.
51. ATROPIS Ruprecht.
Panicle at length contracted. Sfzkelets 2-9-flowered. Lmpty glumes
3-nerved, or the first 1-nerved, much shorter than the flowers; floral
glumes chartaceous or scarious, convex or slightly keeled, obscurely par-
allel 5-nerved, midnerve sometimes produced, the side nerves short;
palea with convergent ciliolate nerves, 2-toothed. S#gmas subsessile.
Grain obcompressed, enclosed but free.
Species 14, in all temperate regions.
1. A. CARINATA Griseb.
Cespitose, glabrous, 10 cm. high. Leaves involute, acuminate, rigid,
their sheath lax below, their ligules long. Pamzcle ovate-oblong, the
rachis sulcate on one side. SAzkelets oblong, 4—5-flowered ; floral glume
silky below, 2-toothed above with a median mucro.
(Paraguay; Argentina); N. Patagon.
2. A. MAGELLANICA Hook. f.
Glabrous, 30 cm. tall; ‘eaves involute; ligules ovate-acute; sheaths
lax. FPanicle 15 cm. long, its rays long, slender. SAzkelets oblong,
4—6-flowered, 8-12 mm. long, the flowers distant, cylindraceous; floral
glume narrow, 4 mm. long, attenuate to an obtuse spike, glabrous except
the pilose callus; Javea as long.
‘Differs from 4. parviflora by flowers twice as large, keels of the palea
spinulose, ciliate the whole way, Aanzc/e lax, branches naked in the lower
two thirds, and its simple spiculiferous dvanching.” (Dusén.)
Pahnesia,
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINEA. 221
3. A. PARVIFLORA Hackel.
Cespitose; culms erect, 4-8 cm. high (besides the panicle), glabrous,
having 1-2 nodes near the base. Leaf-sheaths \ax, the upper one long,
embracing the panicle; ligules 1.5 mm., linear-oblong; the /amzneé short,
15-20 mm., convolute-setaceous. Panicle 8-10 cm. long, ovate, spread-
ing, compound, the branches rough. Sfzkelets linear, 3—-5-flowered, 5-6
mm. long; empty glumes unequal, ovate-oblong, obtuse; the lower
I-nerved, 1 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved and longer; floval glume 2
mm. long, 5-nerved. /adea as long, 2-toothed, the keels scabrid above.
E. Fuegia (Dusén).
4. A. pRESLIT Hack. (Catabrosa tenuifolia Presl.)
Cespitose; cudms erect, 10-12 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves narrow-
linear, canaliculate, rough, shorter than the culm; ligule exsert, ovate,
acute. Panicle spike-like, erect, its rays alternate, fasciculate, rough.
Spikelets ovate, 3-flowered, e/umes unequal, ovate, obtuse, the upper twice
as large as the lower, and 3-nerved; the floral glume ovate-obtuse, erose,
5-nerved, the lateral nerves becoming obsolete.
(Chili. )
5. A. PRESLII PUSILLA Hack.
Forming dense cushions 3-4 cm. high. Leaves convolute, subcapillary,
1-2.5 cm. long. /amnicle linear, 2-4 cm. long. S#zke/efs subterminal and
subsessile on the ultimate branchlets, small, 3 mm. long, red-violet.
Empty glumes small, the lower 0.8 mm. long, nerveless; the second twice
as long, obscurely 1-nerved; the floral glume ovate, 1.5 mm. long, entire;
palea as long, lanceolate.
N. and E. Fuegia (Dusén).
52. POA Linn. Meadow-grass.
Leaves and panicles various. Sfzkelets of medium size, usually 2-6-
flowered, the vachz//a glabrous and articulate between the floral glumes ;
floral glumes scarious margined, with 5-connivent nerves, mostly web-
tufted at base. /a/ee slightly shorter.
Species 100, in temperate and cold regions; rare in the tropics; many
in the Andes.
222
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves glabrous.
6, Panicle contracted.
c. Leaves as long as the culm.
e2.
cm
ch.
a
c6.
on
. Leaves short, stiff and pungent, mostly distichous. Culm smooth, erect, slender.
cg.
d. Culm tall, 1 meter. Sheaths long. Spikelets 6—8-flowered. Glumes woolly at
base. alopecurus.
dz. Culm 80 cm. Leaves filiform. Spikelets 3-flowered. Glumes subvillous.
bonariensis.
d3. Culm 30 cm., shorter than the convolute leaves. Ligules long; sheaths dilated.
Awn short. controversa.
d4. Culms in clumps, 1 meter; lower leaves taller, subconvolute. Panicle spike-like.
Spikelets 4-flowered. Floriglume bifid, mucronate-awned. forstert.
Leaves shorter than culms, sheaths overlapping Annuals or biennials, under 30 cm.
Spikelets 3—7-flowered.
d. Cauline leaves 3, flat or conduplicate, abruptly acute; ligules 2.5 mm. Spikelets
3-7-flowered. annua,
dz. Leaves convolute. Ligules obsolete. Spikelets 5—7-flowered. denudata.
a3. Leaves convolute-pungent. Ligules short, obtuse. Panicles spike-like. Spike-
lets crowded above, 2—4-flowered, amethystine. robusta.
Leaves distichous, linear, rigid; ligules short. Panicle lobed; spikelets 2—5-flowered,
the staminal effete. Culm 20 cm. Flowers woolly at base. lanigera.
Leaves narrow or involute, with two yellow spots; ligules oblong. Culms 30 cm.,
from a creeping base. Spikelets 5—10-flowered, with subfloral tufts. /anuginosa.
Leaves short. Culms 15 cm.
ad. Culm 2-nodal below, with intravaginal innovations. Ligules 2 mm. Spikelets
3-flowered. Glumes and floriglume subequal, keeled. atropidiformis.
dz. Culm basally bulbiferous. -Ligules long. Panicle few-spicate. Spikelets 2-3-
flowered. Palea cuspidate-awned. tbart.
Leaves convolute, attenuate-pungent. Dicecious perennial. Spikelets 7—8-flowered,
not villous. Culm 60 cm. argentina.
As c6, but leaves pungent; floriglume woolly at base. bergit.
Spikes strict, secund.
d. Leaves subterete. Spikelets 2-flowered, the upper flower male. erinacea.
dz. Leaves very conduplicate. Spikelets 2-flowered, both perfect, often with a rudi-
ment of a third. pugionifolta.
Leaves very long, acute, smooth. Panicle long, rays rough. Spikelets 12-flowered,
pale yellow. Culm 60 cm. pallens.
62, Panicle lax. Leaves sheathing ; with long ligules.
c. Low, 6 cm. Leaves rigid, convolute. Spikelets few, 3-flowered. Glume and rachis
C2.
glabrous. pumila,
Culm 60 cm., sheathed half way. Leaves distichous. Spikelets 4-6-flowered,
cottony. yaganica,
63. Panicle lax. Culms 2-3 meters tall. Leaves fan-shaped, gracefully diverging.
frabellata.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINEA. 223
Az. Leaf-margins rough; surface smooth. Panicles lax.
6. Culms to 25 cm. Leaves convolute. Spikelets large, 4-5-flowered, purplish, enclosed
by woolly hairs. commersont.
62. Culms to 50cm. Radical leaves narrow-linear. Spikelets few, 2-5 (8)-flowered, rachis
flexuose. stenantha.
A3. Leaves scaberulous or sometimes glabrous.
6. Panicle pyramidal, dense above. Spikelets 3-6-flowered, purplish. Floriglume basally
webby. Culm 40 cm. pratensis.
62. Panicle mostly lax, 4—5-spiculate. Glumes acuminate. Upper flowers viviparous. Culm
50 cm., leafy at base. Juegiana.
63. Panicle mostly contracted. Culms 35 cm.
c. Spikelets small, woolly. Leaves few, setaceous-convolute, the sheaths scaberulous.
Panicle linear. scaberula.
c2. Spikelets 3-flowered, dicecious. Leaves convolute, the lower flat (pubescent ?).
chilensis.
A4. Leaves scabrous. Culm 50 cm.
6, Panicle lax. Leaves acuminate. Spikelets 2-5-flowered, often violet. Floriglume basally
webby. nemoralts,
62. Panicle spike-like. Culm 3-nodal, exceeding the leaves. Leaves convolute, scabrous
above. Ligules long, 2-partite. Spikelets long, 5—8-flowered patagonica.
As. Leaves scabrid-edged, plicate, pungent. Dicecious, with large, secund panicle, and spikelets
2-flowered. chubutensis.
1. P. ALopEcURUS Kunth. (festuca arundo Hook. f.)
Large, reaching a meter in height; ‘eaves glabrous, distichous, equal-
ling the culm; sheaths long. /anzcle ample, contracted. Sfckelets gla-
brous, compressed, 6—8-flowered; g/umes minutely ciliate on back and
margin, floral glumes acute, dorsally ciliate, woolly at base. Padea minute.
Magellan; Falklands. Next to the Zussock, it is the largest grass there;
varying much in size of the plant, and of its leaves, spikelets, etc. It is
harsh and rigid, and thus unpalatable to cattle.
2.. P. ANNUA Linn.
Low annual or biennial, under 30 cm. Leaf-sheaths \oose, overlapping.
Ligules 2-3 mm. /awzcle open, its rays spreading. G/ume no. 1 narrow,
I-nerved; two thirds as long as the broad 3-nerved second; the floral
glume not webby at base.
(Brit. & Br. i, 201. Eurasia; naturalized in N. Amer.) Punta Arenas;
Ushuaia (Dusén); over S. Patagon.; S. Fuegia.
224 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. P. ARGENTINA Speg.
Diectous, perennial, 50-70 cm. tall, glabrous, cespitose. Leaves erect,
convolute, acute. L¢égu/e narrow, margin-like. Panzcle spiciform, strict.
Spikelets 5-7 mm. long, pediceled, 7—8-flowered, not villous. G/umes
appressed-pubescent.
S. Patagon., at Lago Argentino.
4. P. ATROPIDIFORMIS Hack.
Cespitose, with intravaginal innovations. Cz/ms erect, 10-20 cm. high,
smooth, 2-nodal near base. Leaves glabrous, their sheaths lax, striate;
ligules 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, the d/ades short, the uppermost I cm.,
narrow, convolute when dry. Famzcle spike-like, 5-8 cm. long; lower rays
with 4-6 spikelets, fewer above; sAzkelets 3-flowered, all perfect, glabrous,
third flower protruding. G/wmes all subequal, keel scabrid, except the floral
glume whose keel is rather smooth and its lateral nerves obscure. /alea
lanceolate, obtuse, as long as the glume.
E. Fuegia. (Dusén.) ‘This and P. kerguelensis Hook. f. and 7720dta
antarctica Hook. f. are allied as if they were a subgenus of Poa.” (E.
Hackel.) ,
5. P. BERG Hieron.
Dicecious. Stout, cu/ms 50 cm. high, smooth, rooting at base. Leaves
exceeding the culms, their sheaths 20-25 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, smooth,
laminé 35-45 cm. long, convolute from their base, glaucous, rigid, acute,
pungent, 4 mm. wide at base, dorsally glabrous, internally papillose;
ligules long, hyaline, mostly lacerose. Zale panicle compressed, spike-like,
interrupted, 12 cm. long, the rays usually in 2’s alternately appressed to
the culm, pediceled and plurispiculate. Female spikes ovate, 6—7-flowered,
pediceled, about 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad. G/umes lanceolate, 8-9
mm. long, 3 mm. broad, acute, not exceeding the inferior flowers, sub-
carinate, dorsally rough on the midnerve, minutely ciliolate marginally,
7-nerved, the 2 marginal nerves being weaker and shorter than the others.
floral glumes 7—-g-nerved, lance-ovate, acute, in the lower flowers 7 mm.
by 2 mm., subcarinate baseward and finely ciliate on the nerves, with a
basal girdle of floccose wool. /a/ee with 2 marginal nerves, ciliate up-
wards, woolly basewards. Male spikelets (?).
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro ; December.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINE. 22.5
P. BERGII CHUBUTENSIS Speg.
Differs from the species by lower s/azure, 3-nerved glumes, 5(—7)-nerved
palee and spikelets scarcely 9-11 mm. long.
N. Patagon., Chubut, common in dry meadows by Cabo Raso.
6. P. BONARIENSIS (Lam. sub Festuca) Kunth.
Culms slender, 60-90 cm. tall, weak, glabrous; /eaves long, filiform,
glaucescent, hairy at the opening of the sheaths. Pamnzc/e oblong, shin-
ing, its rays appressed. Sfzke/ets compressed, 3-flowered; glumes acute,
subvillous.
(Argentina); S. Patagon., N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusén.) In sandy
places.
(ae SCHILENSIS: = | rim:
(Diorcopoa. Diecious, but the sexes not otherwise differentiated.) oot
fibrous, often stoloniferous. Cwm 20-45 cm. tall. Leaves convolute,
the lower plane, 25 cm., the ligules somewhat produced. Panicle com-
pact or lobed, its rays in 3’s or 5’s, spiculiferous from the base. SAzkelers
3-flowered, short-pediceled ; flowers obscurely nerved, lanceolate, acutish.
Puerto Madryn; (Chili).
8. P. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.
Diecious. Robust, densely cespitose, green-glaucescent. Leaves pli-
cate, with scabrid margins, callous-mucronate and pungent; ligules
short, truncate, scarious. Famzcle large, secund, at length nutant; rachis
not scabrous; rays not scabrous, naked below, above their middle spar-
ingly branching and densely spiculiferous. Pedicels short; sfzke/ets
2-flowered, lanceolate ; g/wmes obtusely keeled, not rough, 1- and 3-nerved.
Flowers carinate, dorsally scabrid; lower floriglume 5-nerved, submucro-
nate; Aalea as long, hyaline. Sguamu/e rather large, basally villous, the
upper with a short, smooth pedicel. (Only female specimens seen.)
Chubut, in rocky elevations near Teka-choique.
g. P. COMMERSONI Franchet.
Cespitose, glabrous. Cz/ms to 30 cm. tall, erect, apex scabrid. Leaves
convolute, strict, rough-margined, striate. Panicle crowded, oblong, with
226 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
short rays. Sprkelets large, purplish, 4-5-flowered; the flowers enclosed
by long woolly hairs. Glumes subequal, ciliate, mucronate, the lower 5—7-
nerved; the floral glume \ike the others; the Aa/ea short, truncate.
A fine species, like P. antarctiica Hook., approaching Festuca.
Magellan, ‘‘Freshwater Bay, named by me Duclos Bay.” (Commer-
son, 1767.)
10, P. CONTROVERSA Steud.
Cespitiferous. Cwm erect, glabrous; /eaves rigid, convolute, smooth,
pungent, 30 cm. long, their sheaths dilated; ligules long, cleft. Panzcle
contracted, its rays subverticillate, many-spiculate. ..SAzelets ovate, 5-flow-
ered, the flowers alternate, remote. G/umes lanceolate, scarcely equalling
the first flower; floral glume 2-toothed with a short awz between.
Patagon. and Fuegia (Speg.); Falklands.
1I. P. DENUDATA Steud.
Roots fibrous, cespitiferous. Cw/ms erect, strict or basally jointed,
smooth, striate, 30 cm. high, sheaths glabrous, striate. Ligule nearly
wanting. Leaves terete-convolute, smooth, not exceeding the culm.
Panicle very long-exserted, contracted, with semi-whorled rays, shorter at
the base. S#zkelets 5—7-flowered, flowers green to white, varied. Glumes
ovate-lanceolate, equalling the lowest flowers. floral glume acute with
rough keel.
N. W. Patagon., Valdivia.
P. DENUDATA MINOR.
12. P. ERINACEA Speg.
Hermaphrodite or polygamous, densely cespitose ; sterile and fertile
fascicles often crowded and monostichously imbricated, all similar.
Leaves mostly distichous, glabrous. Sheaths broad, close, minutely 2-
auricled. Lamzne subterete, short, rigid, very sharply pungent-mucro-
nate. Cwz/ms smooth, erect, slender, naked or 1-leaved. SAzke strict,
erect, secund, its nodes 2~—3-pedicelliferous. /edzce/s short, scabrid.
Spikelets compressed, often 2-flowered, the lower flower perfect, the upper
male, both glabrous ; glumes awnless.
Chubut, in dry salinas. Forming hemispherical masses, 10-25 cm.
diam.
MACLOSKIE : GRAMINE-. 227
13. P. FLABELLATA Hook. Tussock-grass. (Dactylis ces. Forst.,
Poa cespitosa FH. nec Forst.) .
Gigantic grasses with fan-shaped /eaves, spreading out like young palm-
eco iy.-A0.
Falklands; Staaten I.; Magellan
and .Fuegia to Cape Horn; Eliza-
beth I.; Bonner Bay on Picton I., at
entrance to Beagle Chan.; (also in
Kerguelen I.).
Gregarious; valuable as fodder
and forming peat; extending over
long patches near the seashore in the
Falkland Islands, where it is most
abundant and luxuriant. Gov. Moody
wrote of its “sweet nutty-flavored
roots. Cattle scent it from a dis-
jance and Beene LY, effort to get at it. Poa flabellata, tussock-grass. Roots of leaves
They will eat the dry tussock-thatch reduced, and spikelets. (After //ora antarctica.)
off the roof of a house in winter.”
“Strange that they flourished where there was no herbivorous animal to
use them.” Discovered by Commerson in 1767. American sealers lived
on the nut-like core of the bases of their culms for 14 months.
FZ a
S —= —— = ==
SS SS =
FIG. 40.
14. P. FORSTERI Steud.
Cespitiferous, in small clumps; ca#/ms numerous, to 1 meter high, gla-
brous, compressed, leafy ; lower /eaves higher than the culms, 25 mm.
broad at base, upwards with involute margin; ligules slender, rounded.
‘Panicle interrupted-spike-like, 15-20 cm. by 3-4 mm. Sfrkelets broad-
ovate, 4-flowered; g/umes lance-acuminate, longer than the flowers, the
margins involute; floral g/ume bifid and mucronate-awned.
Magellan.
15. P. FUEGIANA (Hook. f. sub Festuca) Hack.
Culms erect, 50 cm. tall, leafy especially at base, scaberulous or gla-
brous. Famzcle effuse or slightly contracted. G/wmes ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, subcarinate, floral g/ume.puberulous, dorsally silky on the
nerves; flowers short-pedicelled, webby at base, the upper viviparous.
Palea bifid, as long as its glume.
228 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A very handsome species retained in Festuca by J. D. Hooker on ac-
count of its acuminate scales ; but with ‘fertile glumes acutely carinate,
silky-pubescent on the keel and at the prominent marginal nerves ; just
as in Poa.” (Dusén.)
Magell.; Fuegia to Cape Horn; Sta. Cruz Valley. (J. B. Hatcher.)
16. Pips pie
Cespitose, glabrous, bulbously thickened at base, covered by white
sheaths of dead leaves. Fertile cw/m 15 cm. high; /eaves coriaceous,
convolute-setaceous, much shorter than the culm; the ligules very long.
Panicle contracted, few-spiculate, 4 cm. long. SfAzkelets 9 mm. long, 2-3-
flowered. floral glume of male flowers 7.5 mm. long, 3-nerved at base,
usually cuspidate awned, with scabrid keel, basally woolly as on lateral
nerves. Joints of rachis penicillate at base.
By Lago Pinto, S. Patagon.
17. P. LANIGERA Nees.
Culm simple, scarcely 30 cm. high, with compressed, carinate, glabrous
sheaths: Ligule short, rounded or truncate, eaves distichous, linear, rigid,
plane. Fanzcle branching, contracted, lobed. SAzkelets 2-5-flowered, all
the staminal effete. F/owers very long-woolly at base. Lower floral
glume 5-nerved, densely silky-ciliate on back and margin.
(Brazil; Chili); Patagon. (?).
18. P. LANUGINOSA Poir.
(Dioscopoa see P. chilensts.)
Creeping , culm simple, 30 cm. tall, with 2 nodes, subcompressed.
Leaves narrow-linear, becoming involute, a yellow spot at each side near
the glabrous sheath; the ligules oblong, lacerate. Pawzc/e contracted, its
short, solitary rays fasciculately divided. Sfzhkelets ovate, 5-10-flowered,
imbricate on the raylets; floral glume silky-keeled, with a tuft of long
hairs on the axis under each flower.
S. Patagon. by R. Sta. Cruz; E. Fuegia. (Dusén.) ‘Identification
uncertain; perhaps avar.” (E. Hackel.) Chubut, ‘‘not rare in dry places
by Cabo Raso,” var. e/ata Speg.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE. 229
19. P. MAGELLANICA Phil.
Female specimens in the Spegazzinian Herbarium are identical with P.
patagonica Ph.
Magellan (Spegazzini); Fuegia.
20. P. NEMORALIS Linn.
Culms erect, 50 cm. tall, slender, glabrous. Leaves 7 cm. long, 2 mm.
wide; their sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligules truncate. Panzcle
open, its rays erect or ascending. S#zkelets 2-5-flowered, 3-5 mm. long;
floral glume webby at base, the nerves silky below.
(Brit. & Br.i, 205. Eurasiaand N. Amer. to Rocky Mts.) Magell.; E.
Fuegia. (Dusén.)
21. P. PALLENS Poir.
Culm compressed, glabrous, smooth, 60 cm. high. Leaves narrow,
acute, very long, smooth. /amnzcles 15-20 cm. long, the rays verticillate,
numerous, very rough. Raylets filiform. SfAzhelefs compressed (pale
yellow), shining, about 12-flowered. floral glumes acute, transparent,
with membranous margin.
(Argentina) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.; Chubut, ‘more slender,
elongate, the panicles more narrowly linear, elongate, erect and somewhat
heid. ) (>peg.)
22. P. PATAGONICA Ph.
(Diotcopoa.) Stoloniferous and glabrous, 30-60 cm. tall, with 3 nodes.
Leaves convolute-filiform, coriaceous, scabrous-tipped, shorter than the
culm; ligules long, 2-partite. Panicle 55-80 mm. long, spike-like, lobed,
violet-yellow, the rays spiculiferous from the base or middle. SAzkelers
8mm. long, 5—-8-flowered ; e/umes 4 mm.; floral glume as long, 5—7-nerved,
glabrous; palea three fourths as long.
By S. Patagon.
23. P. PRATENSIS Linn.
Culms 60 cm. tall, smooth; eaves 10 cm. long by 1-6 mm. wide, basal
leaves longer, their sheaths exceeding the internodes; ligules truncate,
more than 1 mm. /amnicle pyramidal, its rays ascending, dividing and
spiculiferous above the middle. SAzkelets 3-5-flowered, 4-5 mm. long,
exceeding the pedicels. oral glumes webbed at base, but naked be-
tween the nerves.
230 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Eurasia and N. Amer., also cult.)
Patagon., Chubut, and by Rio Sta. Cruz; Magellan, Falklands; E. and
S. Fuegia.
P. PRATENSIS OLIGERIA (Steud.) in Magellan and Fuegia, having con-
volute rough leaves.
24. P. PUGIONIFOLIA Speg.
Hermaphrodite or polygamous, densely cespitose; sterile and fertile
fascicles often densely and monostichously crowded on the stolons; all
similar. Leaves generally distichous, glabrous; the sheaths very broad
and close, apically subauriculate; the limbs spreading, very conduplicate,
short and rigid, ending in a very acute pungent mucro. Czdms smooth,
erect, slender, simple, naked, or 1-leaved below. Sfzke strict, erect,
secund, with 2—3-pedicilliferous nodes, the pedicels scabrid, short with
lanceolate, compressed, mostly 2-flowered spikelets, the flowers glabrous,
hermaphrodite, often a third flower being added at the top of the rachilla
with a rudimentary floriglume.
S. Patagon., in rocks along Rio Chico, at Parr-aike; and Boron-aike by
Rio Sehuen.
25. Ps PUMILASE hil:
Cespitose. Culms 5-7 cm. high; eaves rigid, convolute when dry, the
sheaths enclosing nearly the whole culm; ligules long. Panicle spreading,
its branches paired, few-spiculate. SfAzkelets oblong, 3-flowered. G/umes
and joints of rachis glabrous; floral glume acute.
Turf with culms enclosed by red-brown sheaths of old leaves; like P.
annua, excepting the leaves.
Colorados, N. Patagon.
26. P. ROBUSTA Steud.
Glaucescent, rigid, erect, 15-30 cm. tall; sheathed by old leaves at base,
rather distichously leaf-bearing, the sheaths dilated, ligules short, obtuse,
blades channeled, convolute, pungent, much shorter than the culm. Fan-
acle spike-like ; its rays unequal, naked at their base, crowded spiculiferous
upwards. Sfrkelets 2-4-flowered. G/umes subequal, ovate-lanceolate,
shorter than the flowers; floral glume similar; fal/ea narrower, ciliolate.
Spikelets pale-amethyst.
S. Patagon., Punta Arenas; Coy Inlet. (Hatcher, Nov. 23, 1896.)
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 231
27. P. SCABERULA Hook. f.
Culm 30 cm. tall, slender, scabrid (‘almost smooth,” Franchet). Leaves
few, 10 cm. long, setaceous-involute; sheaths long, scaberulous. Panzcle
dense, rather secund. S#zkelets small; glumes subequal, 1-nerved, the
floral glume 3-nerved, its keel scabrid above, ciliate below ; flowers woolly.
Patagon., Chubut; Port Eden; Magellan, E. Fuegia. (Dusén.) ‘The
Chubut specimens are very slender, with long linear spikes.”” (Speg.)
28. P. STENANTHA Trin.
Culms 30-60 cm. tall. Radical eaves narrow-linear; culm-leaves 3-7
cm. by 2-4 mm., ciliate-scabrous on margin; ligules short, rounded.
Panicle \ax, 5-15 cm. long, naked below, few-spiculate above. S#Azkelets
2-5(8)-flowered; flowers 4-5-mm. long, rachis flexuous or zig-zag;
floral glume ‘\inear-lanceolate, with infolded margin, its keel ciliate-
scabrous.
(Siberia; Alaska; Oregon; Chili); Fuegia at Ushuaia.
29. P. YAGANICA Speg.
Cespitose, glabrous; cu/ms 25-90 cm. tall, sheathed halfway or more;
Zeaves distichous, plicate below, plane above, their ligules long-toothed.
Panicle \ax, its rays remote, paired, naked downwards; its szkelets
lanceolate, compressed, 4-6-flowered. G/umes, the first acute, scabrid,
carinate; the second glabrous; /loval g/ume cottony at base.
Sahuevia.
5a eho) UCAS Linn:
Mostly tufted perennials, variously paniculate,
with pedicellate 2-many-flowered sfzhelets. The
2 empty glumes narrow, unequal, acute, keeled;
the first 1-nerved, the second 3-nerved; floral
glume narrow, rounded on back below, acute, often
keeled-awned, faintly 5-nerved; Aa/ea nearly as
long, sharply 2-keeled. Stamens 1-3. Styles very a at
short. Gvazm within the glume and palea, partly —xeszca, spikelet, with floral
adhering. (Fig. Ae) glume on right, and palea on
left. &. pogonantha (after
Species 80, widespread, chiefly in temperate Sees
regions. (/. kerguelensis Hook. f. in Kerguelen
I., and / scoparia Hook. f. in N. Zeal. and Antarctic Islands. ¥-
232 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
cookit Hook. f. 1847 = Poa cookit Hook. f. 1879, is the commonest grass
in Kerguelen I., affording excellent fodder.)
The chief mark of this genus is the rounded floral glumes without any
prominent keel, at least at the base, and acute or awned at the top.
Kry TO THE SPECIES.
A, Panicle lax.
b. Spikelets 2-3-flowered. Culm 50 cm., slender, exceeding the convolute leaves. Panicle
cernuous, smooth. Glumes and floriglume subequal, awnless. pogonantha.
62. Spikelets 3-4-flowered, some viviparous. Culm 50 cm., exceeding the rush-like, pungent
leaves. Glumes scabrid, floriglume larger, setulose. commersont.
63. Spikelets 4-5-flowered, 10 mm. long. Culm tall, sheathed. Rays in 2’s, capillary.
Glumes unequal ; floriglume 8 mm., short-awned. glaucophylla.
64. Spikelets 5—7-flowered. Culms 45 cm., fertile and sterile; leaves narrow, puberulous.
Raylets few-spiculate. Floriglumes 7-nerved, mucronulate. lechleriana.
65. Spikelets about 8-flowered. Culms tall.
c. Culms slender, glabrous. Upper glume thrice as long as lower. Floriglume 5-nerved,
awned. Leaves short, flat. purpurascens,
c2. Culms naked a long way. Floriglume 8 mm.,cuspidate. Spikelets few, 18 mm. long,
8-10-flowered. servanot.
66. Spikelets large, 8-25 mm. long, often viviparous. Culm 45 cm.; leaves strict, short,
ligules long. Floriglume acuminate, silky. Juegiana,
A2. Panicle oblong-contracted. Floriglumes acute, awnless.
6, Leaf-blades long, smooth, 6-8 mm. broad. Spikelets 4-8-flowered, with woolly rachis.
plant robust. alopecurus.
62. Leaf-blades narrow-linear, rigid, acute. Spikelets compressed, patent. antarctica,
A3. Panicle contracted, subsecund. Culms slender, 40 cm., tufted or creeping. Leaves one
third as long. Spikelets 3—8-flowered ; floriglume short-awned. Also sterile shoots.
ovina.
A4. Panicle racemose, secund.
6. Leaves narrow-linear; culm and sheaths glabrous. Rays alternate. Spikelets 5-9-
flowered. Awns rough, exceeding the smooth floriglumes. muralts.
62, Leaves convolute, with auriculate ligules. Culm 20 cm., basally jointed and sheathed,
Glumes unequal, the lower setaceous. Flowers in 5’s, long-awned. myuUrUus.
63. Leaves linear-setaceous; culm 25 cm. Panicle spike-like in upper part. Lower glume
small. Awn twice as long as floriglume. bromotdes.
As. Panicle long-racemose, not secund.
6. Leaves linear-filiform. Culm 1 meter, slender. Panicle inclined, few-spiculate. Spikelets
7-9-flowered. Awn short. gracilima.,
62. Leaves linear, with long ligules; culms thrice as long, 28 cm. Spikelets 4-flowered.
Floriglume 1-nerved, keeled above, awnless. patagonica.
63. Leaves flat, narrow, 1-4 cm. long; culm 25 cm., branching. Spikelets few, 2-flowered.
Lower glume the longer. Floriglume 5-nerved, awnless. biflora.
A6. Panicle strict, its rays paired or solitary. Leaves thickish, lanceolate, acuminate. Spikelets
few, 7-flowered. Floriglume setulose. platyphylla.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA:. 223
A7. Panicle spike-like, afterwards spreading. Slender annual, 15 cm. tall, with convolute-seta-
ceous leaves. Spikelets 4-5-flowered, at length awned. ertolepis.
A8. Panicle spicate. Plants glabrous.
6. Awnless.
c. Leaves convolute, pungent, the lower spreading fan-like. Spikelets compressed,
3-flowered. arenaria.
c2. Leaves involute with long ligules, equalling the culm, 20 cm. Rays in 2’s and 3’s.
Spikelets 4-flowered. shuka.
62. Short-awned. Leaves setaceous, pungent. Panicle secund, with rough rachis and flori-
glume. Spikelets 3—4-flowered. erecta,
63. Long-awned. Culm 25 cm.; leaves much shorter, subulate ; ligules none, but sheaths
auricled. Rays in 2’s. Spikelets 3-flowered. pyrogea.
1. F. ALopEcuRuS Schreb. (Kunth sub Poa).
Robust, 60-90 cm. tall; sheaths smooth, compressed, 30 cm.-or more;
leaf-blades long, smooth, 6-8 mm. broad; ligules ovate, 10 mm. long,
Panicle contracted, oblong-elliptical, 12 cm. long, dense, shining. SAzke-
lets (female) 4-8-flowered; the g/umes oblong-lanceolate, scarcely as long
as the flower; rachis long, woolly; floral glume apically attenuate, acute,
keeled, ciliate on the 3-5 nerves; falea narrower, shorter.
(West Mediterr. region); widely spread from Entrerios to N. Patagon.,
‘“fueo-catschu.” (J. Ball.)
2. F. ANTARCTICA Kunth.
Leaves erect, long-sheathing, narrow-linear, rigid, acute. Panicle con-
tracted, oblong, interrupted at base. Sfzkelets compressed, spreading;
fascicles of hairs rare, short; floral glume acute. Several varieties arise
from differences of size, and of pilosity of flowers. Possibly it is the same
species as /. avundo (Poa alopecurus).
Falklands, abundant; Fuegia, Good-success Bay.
3. F. ARENARIA Lamk.
Glabrous; cu/ms compressed, slender. Leaves convolute, pungent, the
lower equal and spreading, fan-like, the upper short. Pawzcle spike-like,
its rays distant, fastigiate. Spzke/ets compressed, about 3-flowered; the
glumes equal; floral glume awnless.
Magellan; Falklands; Fuegia to near Cape Horn. ‘Floral glumes often
notched on each side, as in Dacty@s. Fuegian specimens often vivipa-
rous.”’
234 _ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. F. arunDo Hook. f. (Poa alopecurus Kunth.)
5. F. BIFLORA Steud.
Culm branching at the base, thin, glabrous, not 30 cm. high; with ster-
ile branches in dry sheaths; culm-sheaths green, ligules oblong, 2 mm.,
leaf-blades flat, narrow, 1-4 cm. long, 0.5 mm. wide. awzcle very nar-
row, racemose; the rays solitary, 1-3-spiculate; the spzxe/efs lanceolate,
2-flowered. G/umes shorter than the flowers, the lower one the longer.
Floral glume 5-nerved, obtuse or subacute. Gvazu obscurely trigonal.
Patagon., by saline lakes.
6. F. BROMOIDES Linn.
Culm 15-30 cm. high; the /eaves linear-setaceous, complicate. Pan-
zcle secund, spicate upward. The g/wmes unequal, lanceolate, acuminate,
the upper 3-nerved, as long as the lower flower; the lower 1-nerved, one
third as long. Aloval glume scabrous towards the point, its awz twice as
long as its flower. |
(Eur.) Falklands, near the settlements, as if introduced.
7. FF. COMMERSONI Franchet.
Cespitose, glabrous, glaucous. Czd/ms smooth, slender, erect, 50 cm.
tall; eaves shorter, rush-like, rigid, pungent. ‘Panicle short, its lower rays
long, spreading. Sfzkelets 3-4-flowered, mostly viviparous. Glumes
purplish, ovate-lanceolate, scabrid, margin ciliate; /loval glume larger,
setulose. Palea ciliate-keeled.
Magellan, Churucca; Fuegia, Beagle Channel, and near Cape Horn;
W. Patagon. (Dusén.)
F. COMMERSONI VIVIPARA.
W. part of Magellan Str. (Dusén.)
8. F. EReEcTA d’Urville.
Leaves setaceous, erect, glabrous, slightly pungent (9 cm.), as long as
the subspicate, secund fanicle. Rachis very rough, sfzkelets oblong-lan-
ceolate, 3-4-flowered ; flowers erect, approximate; e/wmes unequal; floral
glume rough, shortly awned.
Fuegia to Hermite I.; Falklands. (See note on Gynerium pilosum,
Pp. 213.)
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 235
F. ERECTA CIRROSA Speg.
Leaves coarse and rigid, cirrose or subcircinate.
Fuegia, Puerto Roca.
9. F. ERIOLEPIS Desv.
Slender, cespitose annual, 10-20 cm. high, branching at the base. Leaves
convolute, setaceous. Ligules very short, 2-auricled. Panicle 25-50 mm.,
somewhat spiciform, erect, spreading in anthesis. SAzkelets 4-5-flowered.
Glumes unequal, the lower linear, 1-nerved, acute; the next broader, 3-
nerved, longer. oval glume with rigid, spinose hairs, at length awned.
Stamen 1. ‘
(Chili. )
F. ERIOLEPIS NANA Hier.
Culms 3-7 cm. tall. Leaves 15-20 mm. long. Panicle spike-like, 10—
15 mm. long.
N. Patagon., at Carmen de Patagones, Golfo de San Jorge.
10. F. FUEGIANA Hook. f.
Erect, tall, 30-60 cm., glabrous. Leaves substrict, short, 7-10 cm.;
broadly linear, acute, involute-margined. Lig-
ules long. /anzicle effuse or contracted, 10 cm.
long with scabrous rays. Sfrkelets 8-10 mm.
Glumes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, subcarin-
ate. Flowers short-pediceled, webby at base.
Flowering glume acuminate, 5-nerved, the
nerves silky on the back. (Fig. 42, on right.)
Patagon., Chubut; Fuegia, everywhere in
rocky, maritime and mountainous parts.
F. FUEGIANA VIVIPARA Hook. f.
Viviparous form, with glabrous culms and
effuse panicle, and spikelets 25 mm. long.
(Fig. 42, on left side.) Patagonia.
Fic. 42.
Festuca fuegiana. Spikelets,
Culm tall, sheathed almost to top, scabrous ermal on right, viviparous on left.
hie GLAUCOPHYLLA Phil.
; From Flora Antarct.
near top. Ligules short. Paniclezocm.long, 1 77" Amarct)
lax, 2 rays in semiwhorls, these long, capillary, spiculiferous at top.
236 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Spikelets 10 mm. long, 4-5-flowered. G/umes unequal; floral glume
puberulous, 8 mm., shortly awed.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
12. F. GRACILLIMA Hook. f.
Glabrous. Culms tall, nearly a meter, slender, exceeding the linear-
filiform, involute /eaves. Panicle simple, long, few-flowered, inclined.
Spikelets rather large, 7—9-flowered, exceeding the flat pedicels. G/umes
unequal, linear-oblong, scarious-bordered, the upper broader, 3-nerved;
floral glume puberulous, shortly awned. Flowers remote at the base.
(Calif.) Magellan; Valley of Rio Gallegos; N. and E. Fuegia (Dusén);
N. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi, W. Patagon., by R. Aysen, on the
elevated steppes (Dusén).
F. GRACILLIMA BREVIFOLIA Speg.
Leaves more rigid than in the type, half as long as the culm. Fanzcle
more lax and strict.
Magellan, by Gregory Bay and Possession Bay; Fuegia.
F. GRACILLIMA PATAGONICA Speg.
Leaves coarser, rigid, more trigonal. Floral glumes puberulous. S.
Patagon., by Rio Gallegos.
13. F. LECHLERIANA Steud.
Somewhat creeping. Cz/ms 30-60 cm. high, the floriferous and the
sterile mixed. Leaves narrow, canaliculate or ‘convolute, puberulous;
ligules short, ciliolate above; lowest with short sheath and short blade.
Panicle 7-10 cm. long, the rays solitary and paniculately divided, the ray-
lets few-spiculate. SAzkelets 5—7-flowered; flowers lax. G/umes lanceo-
late, exceeding the lowest flower; floral glume 7-nerved, mucronulate
below the apex.
Magellan.
14. F. MURALIS Kth.
Cu/m and sheaths glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, internally pubes-
cent. Fanicle simple, secund, its rays alternate. G/umes all glabrous;
spikelets lanceolate, compressed, 5-9-flowered, with rough awmzs which
exceed the non-ciliate floral glumes.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 2307
(Chili, etc.); Patagon., by Rio Chubut, on dry, elevated plains.
F. MURALIS PYGMA.
Patagon.; at Puerto Madryn.
15. F. myurus Linn.
Root fibrous. Czlm basally geniculate, erect, 15-30 cm., covered by
sheaths up to the panicle. Leaves convolute; ligules 2-auricled. Pawzcle
long, racemose, subsecund, erect or nodding. The upper empty ge/wme
acute, the lower setaceous shorter. A/owers in fives, lanceolate-subulate,
attenuate, /oug-awned, scabrid.
(S. Eur.; Argent.); Patagon.
16. F. ovina Linn.
Slender-tufted or creeping, 15-50 cm. high; leaves one third the
height of the culm; the sheaths with auricled throat and short ligules;
culm 2~—3-leaved; sterile shoots with numerous leaves, more or less con-
duplicate. Panicle compact, subsecund, 3-10 cm. long. Sfrkelets sub-
elliptical, 3-8-flowered ; floral glume narrow, scarious-margined, involute
with age, shortly awned. Gvazuz oblong, grooved, adhering to glume and
palea.
(In N. Hemisphere, greatly varying; Brit. & Br. i, 217.)
166. F. OVINA ANTARCTICA Hack.
As var. magellanica, but its /eaves are (especially the sheaths), waxy-
glaucous, the cadms low, 4—5 cm., the fJanzcle only 2-3 cm. long; floral
glumes strigillose.
E. Fuegia. (Ansorge.)
16c. F. OVINA BREVIFOLIA S. Watson.
Leaves all setaceous, the uppermost very short, almost obsolete,
sheaths loose, soon splitting.
(Subarctic in both hemispheres; and in Rocky Mts.)
At Coy Inlet. (J. B. Hatcher, Nov. 23, 1896.)
16d. F. OVINA DURIUSCULA (L.). /. duriuscula Linn. Hard Fescue.
Culms rather tall and stout, and /eaves firm, usually smooth. Panicle
mostly lax ; floral glumes 6 mm. long.
238 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Eurasia; Algeria; nat. in N. Amer.; Austral.; N. Zeal.); Magellan,
Fuegia.
16e. F. OVINA MAGELLANICA (Lam.) Hack. (4. magellanica Lam.)
Rhizome branching, its branches long-filiform, producing fertile and
sterile ca/ms to 20 cm. high. Leaves shorter than culm, convolute-fili-
form, pubescent inside, smooth outside; ligules short, ciliolate. Panzcle
simple, slightly unilateral, rigid, 5-7 cm. long; its sfzke/efs 7-10 mm.,
oval, 4-5-flowered. G/wmes unequal, acute, the lower 1-nerved, linear,
the upper 3-nerved, lanceolate, half as long as the spikelet. lowers
spreading, not purplish but olive, shortly awned. Ovary glabrous. Vary-
ing much, foliage always rigid.
Magellan, Fuegia; Falklands.
17. EF. PATAGONICA Phil.
Culm 28 cm. high, glabrous, purplish; /eaves erect, narrow-linear,
plane, rarely half as high as the culm; ligules long. awzc/e corttracted, »
linear; pedicels scabrid. SAzkele¢s 7 mm. long, 4-flowered ; glumes sub-
equal, ovate-acuminate, toothed above in the keel; upper empty glume
3-nerved at base,.3 mm. long; floral glume ovate, obtuse, 1-nerved,
keeled from the middle, 4 mm.
At Lago Pinto, S. Patagon.
18. F. PLATYPHYLLA Steud.
Culm stout, erect, 45-60 cm., glabrous. Leaves thickish, lanceolate,
rigid-acuminate, 7-17 cm. by 8 mm. at base; ligules short, laciniate ; the
lowest sheaths often ending in short lanceolate appendages. FPawazcle
strict, its rays paired or solitary, angular; raylets few-spicular. SAzkelets
lax, 7-flowered; g/wmes unequal, shorter than the lowest flower, green-
purplish ; floral glume with minute setule.
Magellan.
19. F. POGONANTHA Franchet.
Cespitose, glaucous; cu/ms tall, to 60 cm., slender, smooth. Leaves
much shorter, smooth, convolute. Pawzc/e lax, cernuous, its rays rather
short, suberect. G/wmes lanceolate, mucronate, purplish, the lower
scarcely more 3-nerved than the upper. Flowers 2-3, scarcely exsert,
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 239
enclosed by hairs; /loral glume like the empty glumes, acute; Aalea
bicuspidate, marginally long-ciliate. Occasionally viviparous. (Fig. 41.)
Patagon. (Port Eden) ; Fuegia.
20. F. PURPURASCENS Banks & Sol.
Stoloniferous. Czd/ms tall, to one meter, slender, glabrous, remotely
- nodose. Leaves plane in part, acuminate, shorter than the
culm. famndcle \ax, inclined, its rays elongate, few-flowered
at the apex. Sfzkelets oblong, 12 mm. long, about 8-flow-
ered; g/umes 3-nerved, lanceolate, the upper thrice larger ;
flowers glabrous; floral glume 5-nerved, 3-toothed, the
midtooth awned. (Fig. 43.)
Magell.; Sta. Cruz Valley (Hatcher); Fuegia (Hatcher).
21. EH. PYROGHA Speg.
Fic. 43.
Festuca purpur-
ascens. Spikelet.
Perennial, cespitose, small, 20-30 cm. tall, the /eaves
shorter than the pubescent ca/m, ligules none, but sheaths
auricled above; the leaf-blades subulate, glabrous, slender,
rigid, obtusely pointed. amzcle as a lax spike, the rays paired. Sfzke-
Jets lanceolate, compressed, 3-flowered. G/umes unequal, subcarinate.
Floral glume 3-nerved, scabrid, long awned. Palea hyaline-bifid.
S. Fuegia, at Ushuaia, found once only, but abundant. (Speg.) ‘Marked
by the /eaves being without ligules, the seats having bilaterally unequal
auricles, subulate damine, and pubescent culms.”
22. F. SERRANO! Phil.
Culm tall, naked a great way at the top, smooth; ligules short. Pawn-
wcle 22 cm. long, few-flowered; the semi-whorls far, distant, each ray
2-branched, and each branch 5-spiculate at the top. Sfzkelets 8—10-flow-
ered, 18 mm. long; floral glume 8 mm., cuspidate.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
23m a SHUR AS pcg,
Perennial, cespitose, small, 12-30 cm. tall, the eaves involute, glabrous,
scarcely shorter than the culms; ligules long, acute, exsert. /anicles
spike-like; the rays in 2’s or 3’s. . Sfzkele¢s lanceolate, compressed, 4-flow-
ered. G/umes equal, long, navicular-carinate. floral glume relatively
broad, 7-8 mm. by 2 mm., rough, apically mucronate, ot awned.
240 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Beautiful with its long ligules; habit of / avtarctica Kth.
Staaten I., Fuegia; rare in maritime, rocky places.
54. BROMUS Linn. Bromegrass.
Leaves flat, the sheaths often closed. Pamnzcles exserted, the pedicels
thickened above; the vachz//a articulated between the floral glumes.
Spikelets large, several-flowered. G/wmes unequal, the empty glumes not
awned, or the second sometimes with a short awn; floral glume \onger,
5-9-nerved, the apex hyaline, bifid, the midnerve produced as an awm,
palea as long, its two keels ciliate. Stamens 3 or fewer. Styles short,
lateral. Gvazw adhering to the palea.
Species 40, in temperate regions. Brit. & Br. 1, 219.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A, Spikelets 1-4-flowered, plant robust, with rather broad, long leaves.
Rays in 5’s, each I-3-spiculate. Spikelets 13 mm. long. patagonicus.
A2. Spikelets 2-6-flowered, 12-25 mm. long, the flowers not imbricate. Awn jointed and
twisted. Cespitose, 60 cm. tall. trinit.
A3. Spikelets 4—7(12)-flowered.
6. Spikelets 5-flowered, with short awns. Culms about 25 cm.
c. Panicle simple, its rays 1-spiculate; spikelets to 15 mm. Leaves linear, velvety.
Floriglumes 5-nerved. pellitus.
c2. Panicle 4-spiculate ; spikelets longer than their pedicels, purplish. Leaves puberu-
lous ; floriglume silky. pictus.
62. Leaves hairy or rough.
c. Culm 10 cm.; leaves narrow, convolute-setaceous. Spikelets 1-3, each 6-12-flow-
ered. Floriglume g-nerved, awn rather long. macranthus.
c2. Culm 50 cm.; leaves linear. Panicle nutant, rays mostly in twos. Spikelet 5-6-
flowered. Floriglume 9-nerved, with short straight awn. henkeanus.
c3. As henkeanus, but spikelets 4—5-flowered, and floriglumes 7-nerved. andinus.
c4. Culm 75 cm.; leaves flat. Panicle rays 2—3-spiculate. Floriglume 14 mm., very
acute, short-awned or awnless. untoloides.
63. Leaves glabrous, flat. Culms 1 meter tall. Awns short.
c. Stout, nodes all subbasal. Leaves linear. Panicle 18 cm. long, rays 2-spiculate.
Spikelets 2 cm., green and violet, 4—6-flowered. Floriglume 16 mm. long, 7-
nerved, hackeh.
c2, With woody rhizome. Leaves lanceolate, rough-edged. Panicle 30 cm. long; rays
I—3-spiculate. Spikelets violet to white, variegated. Empty glumes short.
coloratus.
1. B. ANDINUS Phil.
Cu/ms 1 meter high, smooth; leaves and sheaths except the lowest gla-
brous; eaves plane, with a long ligule. Panicle 25 cm. long, few-flow-
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 241
ered, lax; the paired rays of each semiverticil bearing on their upper half
few acute spikelets; pedicels nearly equalling the spikelets, rough, grad-
ually thicker. SAzkelets to 27 mm. long, 4—5-flowered; g/umes 3-nerved,
11 mm. long, the upper a third larger; florvzgdwme 13 mm. long, 7-nerved,
margin broad, scabrous, hyaline, awz 5 mm.
In Andes of Chillan (Spegazzini); its lower leaves 5 mm. broad; lig-
ules 5 mm. long. Differs from B. henkeanus by its acute, 4-5-flowered
spikelets.
B. ANDINUS SCABRIVALVUS Speg.
Glumes minutely appressed-pubescent.
Chubut, by Lago Fontana.
2. B. coLoratus Steud.
Rhizome woody. Czlm jointed at the base, stout, 1 meter high, striate,
glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, 15-30 cm. by 1-4 mm., rough-edged; the
ligules ovate, toothed. Fanzcle 30 cm. long, its rays semi-verticillate,
rough, naked at base, 1-3-spiculate. SAzke/ets compressed, 5—7-lax-flow-
ered, violet to whitish, variegated. G/umes shorter than the lowest flower ;
floral glume glabrous, shortly awed below its apex.
Magellan, Punta Arenas ; Fuegia, south of Navarino I.
B. COLORATUS VIVIPARUS Steud.
Differs from the species by having sfzkelets green, few-flowered, very
large (40-50 mm. by 10 mm.); flowers awnless, the lower sterile, the
upper viviparous.
Fuegia, by borders of woods.
3. B. HACKELI (Hack.) Macl. (B. Jatagonicus Hack. nec Phil.)
Culm erect, 1 meter high, stout, glabrous, its few nodes crowded below.
Sheaths close, the lower pubescent; ligules ovate, 3-4 mm., erose; /eaf-
blades linear to 12 cm. by 4 mm., glabrous. Pamzc/e oblong, rather simple,
to 18 cm. long; its rays paired, rough, 2-spiculate. Sf#zkelets oblong, 2
cm. long, compressed, mixed green and violet, 4—6-flowered. Amfty
glumes slightly unequal (10-12 mm.), lanceolate, 3- and 7-nerved, keels
rough; floral glume lanceolate, acute, 16 mm., 7-nerved, shortly awned ;
palea as long, its keels spinulose-ciliate. Ovary 3-horned.
So. Patagon. (O. Nordenskjéld.) ;
242 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. B. H4&NKEANUS Knth.
Root fibrous. Culm erect, terete, glabrous, to 60 cm. tall. -Szeaths
rough-hairy; ligules ovate, exsert, denticulate. Leaves linear, plane,
both sides rough. Panicle simple, contracted, nodding; rays in 2’s below,
single above, about 1-spiculate, and the sfzkelet 5-6-flowered. Lower
glumes ovate, 3 and g-nerved; floral glume g-nerved, rough, 2-toothed,
with a short straight aw between its teeth.
Patagon., Chubut, in upland meadows.
5. B. MAcRANTHUS Meyen. (ZB. sefzfolius Presl.)
Cespitiferous annual with fibrous roots. Cams decumbent at base,
terete, striate (10-12 cm.), rough at the panicle and sheaths. Ligule
short, ovate, fimbriate. Leaves narrow-linear, convolute-setaceous, rigid,
hairy. Panicle depauperate, of 1-3 spikelets, each 6—12-flowered. G/umes
roughish, slightly unequal, 3-5-nerved; floral glume oval, 9-nerved,
rough, obtuse; subapical awz two thirds as long as the spikelet.
(Mex.; Chili); Patagon., Chubut.
(B. mango Desv. formed the chief-bread-stuff in Chili before the advent
of Old World cereals. Its grain has a linear hilum.)
6. B. PATAGONICUS Phil:
Culm robust, smooth, sheaths glabrous, ciliate below the mouth; ligule
truncate, denticulate; /amzna of upper leaves broad, very long. /anicle
erect, its rays in 5’s, each bearing 1-3 sfekelets, these 13 mm. long, 4-
flowered. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, acute, unequal, the lower 1-nerved,
the upper 3-nerved. Floral glume with appressed hairs; subapical awn
more than one third its length.
Chili; Patagonia.!
‘By the courtesy of Miss Day of the Gray Herbarium I give Philippi’s description of this little-
known species :
Bromus pataconicus Ph. Br. robustus, glabriusculus ; vaginis levibus, glabris, infra os cili-
atis ; ligula truncata, denticulata ; lamina foliorum superiorum longissima, lata; panicula erecta
ramis quinis in quovis semiverticillo, erectis, apice spiculas 1 ad 3 gerentibus; spiculis pedicello
longioribus, 6 lin. (13 mil.) longis, quadrifloris; glumis ovato lanceolatis, acutis inzequalibus, in-
_ feriore uninervia, superiore trinervia, dimidiam spiculam zquante; palea inferiore (sublente for-
tiori pilis appressis vestita) uninervia, apice biloba; arista sub apice orta tertiam paleze partem
superante. ;
Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, XLIII, 1873, p. 577.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 243
7. B. PELLITUS Hack.
Culm low, 20 cm., erect, rather robust, pubescent. Leaves velvety,
linear-obtuse, 4 cm. by 2-3 mm., the ligules truncate. Panzcle 4 cm., ob-
long, crowded, simple, its rays 1I-spiculate. SAzkelets oval, to 15 mm.
long, 5-flowered, with dense hairs; glumes 3-nerved, 6 and 8 mm. long;
floral glume dorsally velvety, 5-nerved, shortly awned; palea as long,
truncate, its keels ciliolate.
Has the habit of B. mollis L.
S. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
8. B. prcrus Hook. f.
Culm. simple, 30 cm. tall, strict, puberulous. Pawzcle simple, 4-spicu-
late, the spikelets exceeding the pedicels. G/wmes linear-oblong, sub-
acute, 5-flowered, purple; floral glume \inear-ovate, obtuse, with a short
infra-apical awz, 7-nerved, silky towards the base.
Magellan, Punta Arenas; E. Patagon. Characteristic of the grassy
plains. Fuegia.
9. B. Trint Desv.
Cespitose annual, 15-90 cm. high. Leaves glabrous or hairy. Ligules
ovate, toothed. SA#zkele¢s 2—6-flowered, 12-25 mm. long, subcompressed,
ovate or lanceolate. G/wmes linear, acuminate, I1—3-nerved; flowers not
imbricate. floral glume \inear-oblong, attenuate both ways, 5-nerved,
hirtellate, 2-lobed, awned between the lobes, the awz twisted, geniculate,
divaricate.
Patagon., at Puerto Madryn; in woods on Cordilleras.
10. B. untoLompes Kth. Southern Chess.
Culm erect, to go cm. tall, 4—5-leaved, mostly glabrous. Lower
sheaths often overlapping and often rough; leaf-blades flat, scabrous on
upper surface. Panicle rays erect or spreading, in 2’s or 3's, few-spiculate
upwards. SfAzkelets compressed, 6—10-flowered. _ Amfty glumes unequal,
acute, firm, 3-5- and 5-9-nerved; floral glumes very acute, 12-16 mm.
long, awn short or wanting. /a/ea 10 mm., pectinate-ciliate, incurved.
Miecouthern) Us, and through S. Amer. Brit. & Br. i, 224.) _N.
Patagon.; S. Patagon. (Dusén); Magellan; Fuegia.
B. UNIOLOIDES HIRSUTUS Speg.
Dwarf, 20-40 cm. high. Leaves laxly pilose, their sheaths retrorsely
hirsute. |
244 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
=. Fatason:,sby ike tae cruz:
B. UNIOLOIDES HUMILIS Speg.
Dwarf, 10-15 cm. high, glabrous. Leaves narrow, short, subrigid.
Culm erect, few-flowered. S#zkelefs 4—-5-flowered, shining.
S. Patagon., by RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz.
B. UNIOLOIDES MICRANTHUS Speg.
Variety slender, tall and glabrous; Aanzcles narrow, erect; sfzkelets not
nutant, small, 3-4-flowered (8-10 mm. by 3 mm.), compressed and pale
green. Glumes and palee acute, not awned.
Patagon., Chubut, in marshy woods.
55. LOLIUM Linn. Darnel.
Flat eaves, and terminal, often long, sfzkes,; spikelets solitary, sessile
and alternate in the notches of the rachis; compressed with their edge
towards the rachis ; having each only 1 empty glume, except the terminal
spikelet which has 2.
Species 6, of the Old World ; introduced to Amer.
I. L. BRASILIANUM Nees.
Root repent, with leafy fascicles. Cz/ms ascending, 15-45 cm. high,
simple, compressed, above retrorsely scabrous. Leaves linear, plane,
acuminate. Sfzke nearly muticous (5-15 cm.) ; spzkelets 5-10-flowered.
Floriglumes acute, the upper short-setulose below their apex. Perennial.
(Brazil) ; N. Patagon., in elevated places near Rio Negro.
2. L. PERENNE Linn. Ryegrass.
Root perennial. Lmpty glume shorter than the 8-15-flowered spzhelet,
floral glume awnless or shortly awned.
(Eur, nat. in NoAmerp Brit cabrete22oe
Magellan (Dusén) ; Falklands, on sandy shores.
3. L. TEMULENTUM (Desv.) Hack. Bearded Darnel.
Root annual. Lmpty glume as long as the 5—7-flowered sfrkelet,; awn
12 mm. long, exceeding the flower. The seeds have a narcotic poison.
(Eurasia; N. Amer.) Magellan. (Dusén.)
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 245
56. LEPTURUS R. Br. Hard-grass.
Low, branching annuals, or taller perennials, with narrow /eaves. Spike
simple, terminal, slender, having 1—2-flowered spikelets, distichous in the
excavations of a jointed rachis. Rachilla short, articulated above the
lower glumes; produced like a short awn. Amfpty glumes 1-2, rigid,
much longer than the hyaline florvig@ume. FPalea hyaline, 2-nerved.
Species 6, Old World, some in Austral., N. Zeal. and Pacific Is., and 1
mmoguced to US. (Eng. & Pr ii. 2,25, fig. 15.)
L. cyLinpricus Trin. Arech. Las Gram Urug., p. 4,689, n. 69.
N. Patagon. in dry places near Carmen.
57. AGROPYRON J. Gaertn. Wheat-grass.
Spikes simple, terminal, with large, many-flowered, sessile spikelets,
single and alternate in the notches of the rachis ; the sAzhe/e¢s compressed,
with their sides towards the rachis. The 2 /ower glumes empty; the
floral glume rigid, rounded, its 5—7 nerves partly connivent above, having
a callus which falls off with the ripe grain; palea often ciliate on its keels.
Styles short; gram pubescent at apex. Upper flowers of the spikelets
often more or less imperfect. (Distinguished from 77cuwm by its floral
glumes having connivent nerves, and the deciduous callus.)
Species 30; of temperate regions.
To ELYMOIDES Hack:
Cespitose ; culm stout, 20-30 cm. tall, glabrous, 2-nodal, naked
upwards; the sheaths resolved into fibers, the /eaf-b/ades linear-acute,
8-10 cm. by 2-3 mm. Sfrke linear, dense, 6-8 cm. long. Sfpzkelers
imbricate, ovate-oblong, 3-flowered and a rudiment, 12 mm. long. Ampty
glumes subequal, very narrow linear-lanceolate; floral glume much
broader, 8-10 mm., ending in an awn of 3 mm. /a/ea as long, its keels
ciliolate.
Bebuegia, (Dusén.)
2. A. FUEGIANUM (Speg. sub 77zfcum).
Perennial. Base cespitose or creeping. Leaves fasciculate, erect,
hispid, much shorter than the fertile culms; their lamine plane, narrow,
apically involute-subulate; ligules very short, truncate. Cw/ms erect,
246 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
sheathed half-way, shining. Sfzke short, lax, few-flowered. SAzkelets
sessile. impty glumes obovate, glabrous, awnless. Floral glume 5-7-
nerved, coriaceous, scabrid upwards, awued, palea hyaline, subretuse, its
margin pectinate-ciliolate.
W. Fuegia, by margin of salt lakes.
A. FUEGIANUM PATAGONICUM Speg.
Leaves and sheaths glabrous. Lzgu/es more developed than in the
type. Sfzke more depauperate; spikelets more remote. G/wmes longer,
awned. floral glume more glabrous.
S. Patagon., by Gregory Bay, and Rio Sta. Cruz.
3. A. MAGELLANICUM Hack. (7veticum vepens magellanicum Desv. 7.
magellanicum var. glabrivalva Speg.)
Rhizome creeping. Culm 45-90 cm. high. Leaves internally punctate-
scabrid, plane or convolute; ligules very short, toothed. Sfzke 8-15
cm. long, green. SAzckelets erect, rather lax, oblong-elliptical, com-
pressed, 12-16 mm. long, 3—4-flowered. G/wmes subequal, half as long
as the spikelets, convex, 4—6-nerved, inequilateral, muticous or mucronate,
apically erose. oral glume 5-nerved, oblanceolate-elliptical, muticous
or short-awned, often emarginate, outside densely hairy-scabrid.
S. Patagon. on eastern and western coasts; Magellan; Fuegia; Staaten ;
Falklands.
A. MAGELLANICUM CONDENSATUM (Presl.) Speg. (sub 77ctecum).
Leaves involute, rather scabrous; sheaths glabrous; ligules short
(1 mm.), truncate, entire. Sfzke distichously branching, dense, erect,
strict(7 cm.). acfts triquetrous. SAzkele/s 6-flowered. G/umes oblong-
lanceolate, acute, 7-nerved, half as long as the lanceolate flowers; floral
glume 5-nerved, scabrous, mucronate; Ja/ea emarginate, bidentate.
Perennial (Chili?); Fuegia; S. Patagon. by Rio Sta. Cruz.
A. MAGELLANICUM FESTUCOIDES Speg.
Pedicels long. /7owers at length lax. Empty and floral e/mes more
narrow and acute than in the type. (Perhaps a distinct species.)
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 24°77
A. MAGELLANICUM LASIOPODUM Speg.
Green, not rigid. SAzxelets slender; pedicels very short, densely silky-
bearded. G/umes hirsute, acute, awned, as long as the rough flowers.
Lowest /eaves pubescent. (Perhaps a distinct species.)
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
A. MAGELLANICUM SECUNDUM (Presl). (77¢ticum secundum Presl.)
Root creeping. Cz/m basally ascending, then erect, covered by sheaths
and with glabrous nodes. Margin of ligule narrow; /eaves involute,
~ scabrid. S#zke secund, erect, dense, 10 cm. long; rachis semiterete }
spikelets 3-flowered. °“G/umes lanceolate, rather shorter than the spikelets,
7-nerved, mucronate, scabrid, as is the 5-nerved floral glume. Awn
not as long as the floral glume. Perennial.
(Chili); S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz; Magellan; Fuegia.
4. A. PUBIFLORUM Steud.
Root long-fibrous (scarcely creeping); cz/m jointed at the base, thence
or entirely erect, 60-90 cm. tall, terete, glabrous. Sseaths striate, gla-
brous (the lowest slightly violet); ligules short, hyaline, obtuse, denticu-
late. Leaves narrow-linear, subsetaceously-attenuate, smooth, glabrous,
10-25 cm. long. Sfzxe long, erect, to 15 cm., rather distichous. SAzke-
lets 5—7-flowered. G/umes \ance-ovate with hyaline-membranaceous mar-
gin, acute, 3—5-nerved, rough on the nerves. Rachis angular-setulose.
Flowers distinct; /lorzg/ume puberulous all round, ciliolate, 5-nerved,
long-acuminate (not awned). /a/ea as long, narrower, its keel ciliolate.
Magellan; Cabo Negro; Rio Gallegos; common through Fuegia.
5. A. REPENS (Linn. sub 77z#cum) Beauv. Couch-grass.
Rootstock long, jointed. Cu/m 30-120 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous;
leaves 20 cm. by 5-10 mm., rough on upper surface, their ligules short.
Spike strict, 6-20 cm. long; sfekelets 10-20 mm., 2—5-flowered, the mid-
flowers overlapping. Amfty glumes unsymmetrical; floral glume 10 mm.
long, cuspidate or shortly awned.
Many varieties, from differences in size of spikelets, in forms of glumes,
Siem tits G2. Br. 1, 220.)
(Eurasia, N. Afr.; nat. in N. Am. A mischievous weed in cultivated
lands.) Patagon.; Magell.; Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands.
248 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A. REPENS PUNGENS Brongn.
Glumes and palee@ pubescent; sfzkelets with up to 6 flowers. Plant
more stout than the northern form.
Patagonia.
58. HORDEUM Linn. Barley.
Erect annuals, rarely perennials, with flat eaves, and terminal sfzkes
having 1-flowered sfzke/ets inserted in triplets, or 2, or 6, at each joint
of the rachis; the mid-one of each triplet being sessile, and the lateral
pair with short pedicels and imperfect flowers. Rachz//a articulated below
the flowers, and produced above them as long awns or as glumes.
Empty glumes rigid, often awn-like, and the six belonging to each triplet
forming an involucre. floral glume strong-awned; palea nearly as long.
Styles short; gvain adherent to the palea.
Species 16, in Eurasia, N. Afr. and Amer.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Spikelets distichous, 2-ranked in the compressed, subcurved spike. Of the paired spikelets
one is perfect and one neutral. Floriglumes awnless. andicolum.
A2. Tristichous, spikelets in triplets.
6. Culm creeping. Leaves hairy. Glumes all setaceous and scabrid. Mid-floriglume long-
awned. Lateral spikelets male. comosum.
62. Spike cylindrical, slender. Leaves short, convolute. Glumes scabrid; mid-floriglume
long-awned ; lateral spikelets neuter. chilense.
63. Spikes breaking into segments when ripe.
c. Hairy. Coarse annual. Leaf-blades 5 cm. long. Joints of rachis 3 mm. Spike
partly sheathed. Mid and lateral floriglumes dorsally flat, scabrous above.
murinum.
c2. Glabrous. Joints of rachis less than 2 mm.
d@. Culm basally geniculate.
e. Culm 20 cm. Leaves narrow. Spike rigid, scarcely protruding. Empty
glumes smooth. Lateral spikelets short-awned. maritimum.,
e2. Culm 50cm. Leaf-blades 11 cm. long. Empty glumes rough. Central
floriglume short-awned. pratense.
d2. Culm 40 cm. Spike 6 cm., with a slender rachis, easily breaking. Central flori-
glume and lateral empty glumes long-capillary. jubatum.
A3. Spikelets hexastichous, in six ranks, and all perfect. Erect annual, 70 cm. tall. Spikes
10 cm., compressed. Awns often 15 cm. Floriglume adhering to the grain.
hexastichon.
I. HH: ANDICOLUM Gris!
Cespitose perennial, with fibrous rhizome. Ca/ms 20-30 cm. high;
leaves plane, acuminate, glabrous. Sfzse linear, compressed, slightly
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 249
curved. S#zkelets distichous, spreading; the sterile spikelets neutral, lit-
tle shorter than the perfect. mpty glumes setaceous ; floral glume ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminate, awnless ; the Aa/ea linear, shortly 2-toothed.
S. Patagon and E. Fuegia (Dusén); high up in the mountains of Ar-
gentina.
H. ANDICOLA PUSILLUM.
At Puerto Madryn. (Dusén.)
2. H. CHILENSE Brongn.
Leaves short, subulate-lanceolate, erect, convolute, glabrous. SAzke
cylindrical, slender. G/wmes subulate, subequal, scabrid. JA%zd-flower
fertile, its floral glume lanceolate, awned, awz as long as the glumes.
The lateral flowers neutral, with 1 glumelle; the inner empty glume basi-
lanceolate.
(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut, on dry hills; Fuegia. (Speg.)
3. H. comosum Presl.
Creeping. Leaves plane; sheaths and blades pubescent. G/umes all
setaceous, scabrid. Lateral flowers male, short-awned; mid-flower per-
fect, its floral glume 3-nerved, with rough apex and long awn.
(Chili. )
H. COMOSUM FLAVESCENS Desv.
FE. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
4. H. comMpRESSUM Griseb.
Annual, ascending to 30 cm. Leaves plane, linear-acuminate, sca-
brous. Sfzke linear-compressed. SfAzkelets awnless, scabrous. Empty
glumes linear-acuminate, as long as the flower in the neuter spikelets,
half as long as the fertile spikelets, in these lance-linear, subpungent, ex-
ceeding the palea. /7owers of lateral spikelets neuter. Ovary apically
pilose.
(Argentina) ; S. Patagon. in salinas by R. Sta. Cruz.
5. H. jusatum Linn. Squirrel-tail.
Culm to 50 cm. tall, simple, slender, glabrous. Seats lax, usually
shorter than the internodes. Sfzke 8 cm. long, when ripe breaking into
segments. Awns of the empty and floral g/wmes long, smooth below.
250 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Arctic and temperate parts of N. Amer., Brit. and Br. 1, 229.)
H. yjusatum piLosum Franchet.
Leaves shortly hirtellate. Empty and floral g@mes scabrid.
Magellan, Punta Arenas; Fuegia.
H. j. comosum O. Ktze.
Yellowish.
Patagon.
H. j. MEpIuM O. Ktze.
Versicolored. Awns 3-4 cm. long.
Patagon.
H. J. NORMALE.
Violaceous.
Patagon.
6. H. maritimum With. (4. chilense R. & S. nec Brongn.)
Root fibrous, cespitiferous. Cams erect, 10-22 cm. high, basally
geniculate, glabrous. Leaves narrow, glaucescent, smooth. Sfzke erect,
rigid, 25 mm. long. Lateral flowers male, short-awned, their inner
glumes \ance-oblong at base, the other setaceous.
(Eurasia and Amer.) ; Argent. ; Patagon.
7. H. murtnum Linn. Wall-barley.
Cespitiferous annual with fibrous roots. Cams basally decumbent,
becoming erect, 30 cm. high, smooth. Sfzke erect, dense, 5-7 cm. long,
many-flowered ; its rachis articulate, frail with rough angles. F/owers all
awned. G/wmes of the mid-spikelet linear-lanceolate, ciliate, of the laterals
setaceous-scabrid. 7
(Eurasia and Amer.) ; Patagon.
H. M. VELUTINUM Speg.
Leaves densely velvety on both surfaces.
S. Patagon., in old cultivated lands by R. Sta. Cruz.
8. H. PRATENSE Huds. (1762). Meadow-barley. (//: secalinum L.
1771; H. nodosum L. 1762.)
Cespitose perennial with hard roots. Cz/ms sterile and fertile, genicu-
late at base, 50 cm. high. Leaves usually smooth, linear, the ligules
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINE. 251
short and rounded. S#zxke exserted, 3-7 cm. long, readily separating
when ripe. Lmpty glumes all subulate, scabrous ; mza-flower cylindrical,
shortly awned.
(Eurasia; W. United States ; Chili) ; N. Patagon.
H. PRATENSE BRONGNIARTI. (47. secalinum chilense Brongn. nec Desv.)
Perennial, cespitose, with hard roots, and ca/ms with reticulately tuni-
cate base; 30-45 cm. tall. Leaf-sheaths subglabrous; ligules short,
rounded; d/ades smooth or withrough margin. Sfe#e cylindrical, narrow,
3-7cm. long. ‘oznts of rachis equal above and below. Sfchelets in 3's;
glumes of lateral spikelets subulate-awned, as long as the awn of the
hermaphrodite flower; the interior dilated at base, coriaceous. /a/ea 1,
lanceolate, muticous; g/wmes of hermaphrodite flowers setaceous, non-
ciliate, often shorter than the awn. Lower falea lanceolate, attenuate-
awned; upper palea \anceolate, attenuate.
(Chili); Valdivia; Chubut, on dry hills.
H. PRATENSE CHILENSE Desv.
Cespitose perennial, with hard roots and_ basitruncate cz/ms, some
sterile, 30-45 cm. tall. Leaf-sheaths subglabrous; ligules short, rounded ;
Jamina smooth or rough-edged. Sze cylindric-narrow, 25-75 mm. long.
Rachtis-joints equal throughout. SAzkelefs in 3's; glumes of lateral flow-
ers awn-like, as long as the awmzs of the perfect flowers, the Aa/ea solitary,
muticous.
E. Fuegiar (Dusén.)
g. H. puBIFLORUM Hook. f. Wild-barley.
Culm to 25 cm., inclined at base, glabrous. Radical /eaves 5 cm. long.
involute; cauline leaves with long tumid striate sheaths, blades very
short and subulate. Sfzkes 3-4 cm. long, tawny-purplish. Glumes all
setaceous, hairy, scabrid above, 15 mm. long.
Its smaller size and purplish spikes with. hairy glumes, distinguish it
from HY. jubatum. Growing wild in the hollows, it makes them purplish.
Magellan, S. Patagon., Sta. Cruz Valley (Hatcher); Fuegia.
(H. SECALINUM Schreb. = 7. fratense Huds.)
ff. secalinum Sav.= H. maritimum.)
*
252 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
10. H. VULGARE HEXASTICHON Linn.
Flowers all hermaphrodite, 6-seriate. .SAzke erect, terete, awned; the
awns rather broad, more or less divergent, twice as long as the spike,
which is 3-7 cm. long. Annual.
(Cult. in N. Hemisphere); N. Patagon. (cult.).
59. ELYMUS Linn. Wild-rye.
Culms tall; leaves flat; sfzkes dense having (1—)2-several-flowered
spikelets, mostly in pairs, sessile in alternate notches of the rachis, with
the awved glumes as an involucre. Gyvatn adhering to the palea. (Fig.
in Brit oabiet 2305)
Species 30 in temperate regions. Distinguished from Hordeum by
having 2 or more flowers in each spikelet (except /. wuzflorus).
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Culm thick, spikes green-violet.
6. 75 cm. Leaves smooth, becoming convolute. Spike 8 cm. Spikelets in 2’s and 3’s;
3-4-flowered. Floriglume short-awned. agropyroides.
62. To 180 cm. Leaves 7 mm. broad. Spike 15 cm. Spikelets 1-flowered, 12 mm. long.
Awn 17 mm. unifiorus.
Az. Culm leafy, sheathed to the top.
6. Leaf-blades rough beneath, complicate. Spike 18 cm. Spikelets 18 mm., 5-flowered.
Awn of floriglume 25 mm. palene.
62. Culms 60 cm. Leaves short, glabrous. Spike linear-oblong. Spikelets 2-flowered.
Floriglumes awned, hairy above. antarcticus.
A3. Culms stout, 45 cm. Blades glabrous. Spike narrow, erect, long. Spikelets paired,
3-flowered. Awn short. chubutensts.
A4. Culms slender. -
6. Glabrous, nearly a meter tall, with innovations. Sheaths and blades long. Spike 7 cm.
Spikelets 3-flowered. Empty glumes short. Floriglume awned. albowianus.
62. More or less puberulent.
c. Culm 70 cm., sheathed half-way. Spike narrow; spikelets in 2’s, 3-flowered, 2 of them
fertile ; leaves very narrow. Awn short. leptostachys.
c2. Culm 30cm. Spike 8 cm.; spikelets 2-3-flowered, 1-2 fertile. Awn long.
andinus.
c3. Culm 75 cm., naked. Leaves rigid, broad, pubescent on upper surface. Spikes 7
cm. Spikelets 3 ; 2-flowered. Awn short. patagonicus.
I. E. AGROPYROIDES Presl.
Culm erect, 60-90 cm., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves ultimately
convolute, smooth; ligules short, round. Sfzke 7-10 cm. long, rigid,
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 253
dense, green-violet ; zozwts of rachis biconvex, subcompressed, 4-6 mm.
long at base of spike. SAzhelets in 2’s and 3's, 3—4-flowered, of these 2-3
fertile. G/umes alike, just shorter than the spikelet, lanceolate, acuminate.
Palea of lower flower 8-9 mm. long, the floral glume 2-lobed, short-
awned.
(Chili); Magellan; Fuegia.
Around Ushuaia is a form with pilose sheaths and leaves.
2. E, ALBOWIANUS F. Kurtz.
Culm nearly a meter high, slender, with innovations from the rhizome.
Culm-leaves plane, glabrous with 17 cm. long sheaths and longer blades,
acuminate. S#zke 7 cm. long, rigid, green or green-violet. oznts of
rachis biconvex, narrowly winged; sfzke/e¢s (sometimes in triplets) 15-20
mm. long, including awns, 3-flowered. Amfty glumes inequilateral,
shorter than the spikelets, lanceolate, subulate or awned ; floral glume
16-18 mm., ovate-lanceolate, 2-lobed, 3 of its 5 nerves continuing into
an awn.
S. Fuegia; around Ushuaia; by Rio Gallegos (Dusén); W. Patagon.
3. E. ANDINUS Trin.
Cuém slender, more than 30 cm. Leaves narrow, sparsely pilose;
ligules short, truncate. SAzke slender, linear, 5-12 cm.; joints of rachis
plane inside, obtusely 4-angled; 6-10 mm. long at base of spike. SAzhe-
/ets in pairs, 10 mm. long, 2—3-flowered, 1 of them sterile. G/wmes linear,
3-nerved, acuminate, awned, shorter than the spikelet. alee of lowest
flower subequal, 8 mm. long, narrow, the lower (floral glume) with awn
12-22 mm. long.
(Chili) ; S. Patagon., on dunes by Lago Argentino.
4. E. antarcticus Hook. f.
Culms erect, 60 cm. tall, leafy, glabrous; sheaths 12 cm. Leaf-blades
shorter, plane, not exceeding the culms. .Sfzke linear-oblong; spikelets
2-flowered. G/umes free to the base, lanceolate, awned-acuminate, entire
or bifid. Flowers shortly pediceled; floral glume awned, 5-nerved, hairy
upwards ; palea 2-toothed.
One glume out of the 4 at each articulation is often bifid, the outer one
on one side.
Magellan; Fuegia.
254 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
E. ANTARCTICUS FULVESCENS Kurtz. (&. valdivie Steud.)
Spike beautifully fulvescent; sheaths of the lower leaves pilose.
Magellan ; Fuegia; Navarino I.
5. E. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.
Cespitose. Cz/ms stout, 30-60 cm. tall, sheathed to the top, flaccid ;
sheaths glabrous; ligules very short, denticulate ; “76s membranaceous,
mediocre, subglaucescent, glabrous, scarcely subscabrous. .Sfzxe narrow,
erect, 5-10 cm. long; sfzkelets paired; glumes narrow-lanceolate, acute ;
flowers 4-5, the lowest sessile, the others pediceled, the three lower fertile
and with an awz not their own length; the uppermost one awnless and
abortive.
Patagon., Chubut, in upland meadows.
6. E. LEPTOSTACHYUS Speg.
Cespitose, slender, 60-80 cm. tall; lower seat/s pubescent, others gla-
brous, more or less elongate; ligule very short, denticulate; 476s mem-
branaceous-rigid, linear, puberulous on both surfaces; cw/ms long, leaf-
sheathed half-way, mostly naked above. Sfzke very narrow, 4-8 cm.
long, erect; sfekelets paired; e/umes shortly mucronate-awned ; flowers in
each spikelet three, the first sessile and fertile, the second pediceled and
fertile, the uppermost pediceled and sterile; /lovzg/umes of the fertile flow-
ers with an awn not their own length.
Patagon., Chubut in meadows near woods, etc.
7. E. PALENA Phil.
Culm sheathed to the top; sheath smooth; 4eaf-dlades scabrid below,
over 4 mm. broad, complicate. Sfzke 18 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, green.
Spikelets 18 mm. besides the awn, 5-flowered; g/wmes 10 mm., awn 5
mm.; floral glume with awn of 25 mm. length.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
8. E. PATAGONICUS Speg.
Cespitose, slender; sheaths short, glabrous; ligules very short, denticu-
late; 4eaf-Lmbs rigid, rather broad; pubescent on upper surface, rigid on
lower surface. Cams long, naked. Sfzke linear, erect, 5-8 cm. long,
with sfekelets in 3's, each 2-flowered; g/wmes scarcely mucronate; one
%
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEAE. 255
flower sessile and fertile ; floral glume 3-nerved, with very short awz, upper
palea sterile, pediceled.
Patagon., Chubut, in upland meadows. Beautiful for its ternate
spikelets.
g. E. unrFLoRuS Phil.
Culm 180 cm. tall, 4 mm. thick at its base. Leaves 7 mm. broad.
Spike 15 cm. long, slender, green and violet. SAzkelets 1-flowered, 12
mm. long; g/wmes 11 mm., nervose, short-awned. floral glume ending
ina 17mm. awz.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
60. CHUSQUEA Kunth. (of tribe Bambusee).
Woody, with leaves often small, articulating on the sheaths. Spikelets
1-flowered, variously panicled, the rachilla jointed above the lower glumes,
not produced above the perfect, 3-androus flower. Empty glumes 4, the
lower pair small or narrow, persisting, the upper pair like the floral
glume, which is broad, 5-several-nerved, awnless. Palea as long as its
glume, broad, 2-keeled upwards. .
lemon ULEOU. sesy ie’ Culeour
Erect, 3-4 mm. high, terminal culms robust; branches erect, 10-17 cm.,
fasciculate, many-leaved; leaves coriaceous, linear-elliptical, mucronate,
with five primary nerves, the mid one prominent; ligule ovate-rounded.
Panicle 1—2 cm. long, strict, spike-like, 1-sided. Spikelets 5-6 mm. long,
obtuse ; glumes slightly shorter; floral glume of the hermaphrodite flower,
finely pubescent, 7-nerved, obtuse, mucronulate.
N. W. Patagon., by Valdivia, common in moist woods.
2. C. MACROSTACHYA Phil.
Leaves coriaceous, lance-linear, subulate, attenuate, the same color on
both sides, mid-rib prominent. Floral glume setaceous.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
3. C. PALEN# Phil.
Branching, 14 cm. high. Leaves herbaceous, glaucous and glabrous
underneath, cuneate at base, gradually ending in a long point, with no
cross-veins. Floral glume very short, ovate.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
256 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. C. guira Kunth. (C. valdrviensis Desv.) Quila.
Culm much branching. Internodes crowded, smooth. Branches fas-
ciculately arising from the nodes, spreading, 4—5-leaved, smooth. Leaves
lanceolate, 6-12 cm. by 4-6 mm., subattenuate at base and with a short
petiole, glaucous-pilose underneath. Panicle 3-10 cm. long, becoming
rigidly divaricate. Rachis angled, sulcate; pedicels puberulous. Spike-
lets ovate, shining, nervose. Empty glumes lanceolate-cuspidate, exceed-
ing the neuter subequal flowers. Floral glume of second flower shorter
than the terminal flower.
(Chili); W. Patagon. (Supra, p. 5.)
Family 11. Cyperacea. The Sedges.
Grass-like or rush-like plants, usually with solid trigonous s/ems and
narrow, mostly 3-ranked, /eaves from closed sheaths. Spfrkelets glumif-
erous, each with one glume subtending 1 or rarely 2 flowers; the spike-
lets solitary or clustered. //owers mostly diclinous with hypogynous
perianth, consisting of bristles or scales, or without perianth. Stamens
I-3, rarely more, filaments slender. Ovary ti-locular, 1-ovuled; style
2-3-cleft or subsimple. 4chene lens-shaped or trigonous. Exdosperm
mealy, enclosing in the center a minute embryo. The leaves are usually
hard and sharp-edged and consequently unfit for fodder.
Species about 3,000, cosmopolitan, chiefly growing in damp places.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Hermaphrodite ; though some of the flowers may be imperfect.
Bristles or scales mostly representing a perianth.
6. Spikelets numerous.
Perianth-bristles 6, feathery, persisting. Spikelets 1-2-flowered. 1. Carpha.
Perianth none. Glumes 2-ranked. 2. Cyperus.
Perianth-bristles 6, or 1, or o. Glumes spirally arranged. 3. Scirpus.
66. Spikelet 1, terminal.
Several-flowered. Styles thickened, forming a rostrum on the achene.
Perianth-bristles 3-8, mostly 6. 4. Heleocharis.
Perianth none. Stamens 1-3. (/2mbristylis p. p.) 5. Stenophyllus.
I-, rarely 2-flowered. No rostrum. Leaves 2-ranked. 6 perianth-scales.
6. Oreobolus.
666. Spikelets panicled, few-flowered, with two-ranked glumes.
Perianth of 6 sete or none. Achene obtuse, drupe-like. 7. Elynanthus.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEA. 257
AA, Diclinous. Perianth none; but achene enclosed in a utricle.
6, Spikelets moncecious, the male spikelets above, many-flowered ; the females below in the
same spike, 1-flowered. Floral axis prolonged, often hooked. 8. Uncinia.
66. Spikelets moncecious or dicecious, all 1-flowered, each in the axil of a glume, forming
male and female or androgynous spikes. 9. Carex.
fe (CIM Rede W AN ee ate.
Low, grass-like, with eaves crowded at the base, and many sfze/ets in
a terminal inflorescence with a few long leaf-like dvacts. Sfrkelets nar-
row, I-2-flowered. Hypogynous seée 6, plumose, persisting like a
pappus. Style 3-branched. Achene 3-angled.
BS ecicom eC c/p772 heb, ifs Austral, Casm/sdc N. Zeal., and
the following:
C. SCH@NOIDES Banks & Sol.
Culms cespitose, to 2 cm. tall, terete, smooth.
Leaves half as long, semiterete. SAzkelets about
2-flowered, in a few-spiculate panicle.
(Chili); Patagon., Eden; N. and S. Fuegia,
on hills; Desolation I. in W. Magell. (Dusén.)
gee Y PERUS: Linn,
Culms leafy near the base, with one or more in-
volucrate leaves under the inflorescence. Spike-
lets mostly flat, in umbellate spikes or heads; at Fic. 44.
least two of their flowers perfect; their scales 2- Carpha schenoides. Spikelet
ranked. Perianth none; stamens 1-3. (Brit. & i se ears
Br. 1, 235.)
Species 400, in tropical and subtropical regions, chiefly in moist places
and near water.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
a. Culm triangular.
6. Umbel 1-5-rayed. Bracts 3-4. Achenes fuscescent, punctulate. Awns uncinate.
aristatus.
62. Umbel few-rayed. Bracts 3. Achenes dark-chestnut, punctulate. Culms short ; spikes
compound. pappigi.
63. Umbel 5-8-rayed, rays very short. Bracts 4. Achenes compressed, punctulate. Sides
of scales dark- or blood-chestnut. melanostachyus-variegatus.
64. Umbel 12-rayed. Bracts 6-8. Achenes brown. Tall, with long leaves.
vegelus.
250 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
a2. Culm triangular-filiform. Umbel 2-3-rayed. Bracts 2. Achenes blackish. Scales yel-
lowish. flavus.
a3. Culm compressed. Head lax, 2-bracted. Achenes biconvex. Awn straight, quadrangular.
clmicinus.
1, GC. ARISTATUS*@ixOLLD:
Root fibrous, slender, cespitiferous. Cz/ms triquetrous, erect, 14 cm.,
glabrous. Leaves linear, carinate, as long as the culm. Umbels 1-5-
radiate; vays unequal, polystachyous; sfzkelets fasciculate-capitate, 8-15-
flowered; heads oblong or elliptic-globose. Jvolucre 3-4-leaved, very
long; leaves 7—9-nerved, acuminate, awned, the awzs uncinate, yellow-
green; achene oblong, triangular, apicate, fuscescent, finely punctulate,
one third as long as the scale.
(Orient, Africa, Chili); N. Patagon., in Isla de Crespo, Rio Negro.
2. C. crmicinus Presl. (C. loventztanus Bcklr.)
Rhizome small, fibrous. Cudms 1-few, 15 cm. high, compressed, few-
leaved. Leaves shorter than culm, complicate, spinulose-toothed. ead
solitary, lax, with 2-leaved zuvolucre. Spikelets 5-16, diverging, moder-
ately compressed, linear-oblong; sca/es with lucid castaneous sides; frat
minute, scarcely half as long as the scale, compressed-biconvex, obovate,
umbo-articulate, reticulate; vachz//a straight, quadrangular.
(Argentina); N. Patagon., in wet parts along Rio Negro, near Carmen.
3. GP FLAVUS =Presi
Roots fibrous, cespitiferous. Cadms triangular-filiform, 30 cm. high,
leafy at base. Leaves very narrow, half as long as the culm. Jnxvolucral
leaves 2, filiform, divaricate, exceeding the simple, 2-3-rayed umbel, with
2-3 spikes, having 14~—18-flowered linear-lanceolate, divaricate spikelets.
Scales ovate-obtuse, 3-nerved, yellowish. 4chene obovate, subglobose,
punctulate, blackish.
(Mexico; Brazil; Argent.); Patagon.
4. C. MELANOSTACHYUS VARIEGATUS Knth.
Style bifid. Root fibrous. Culms cespitose, ascending, 10 cm., “viguet-
vous, leafy at base. Leaves plane, linear, glabrous, shorter than the culm.
Umbel 5-8-rayed, dense with very short rays; awmbellules 4—6-stachyous ;
¢nvolucre about 4-leaved, much exceeding the umbel. Sfzhele¢ts ovate-
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE. 259
lanceolate, acute, sessile, 11-15-flowered; scales ovate, obtuse, muticous,
carinate-navicular, dorsally 5-nerved, olivaceous, and croceous-punctulate,
the sides dark or sanguineous-castaneous ; keel green, shining. Achene
ovate-oblong, compressed, apicate, punctulate, half as long as the scale.
(Mexico); N. Patagon., in swamps near Carmen and Tres Cerros.
5. C. PoEpprici Knth.
Culms cespitose, short (5 cm.) “vzangular, with leafy base. Leaves
plane, linear, scabrid on margin, exceeding the culm. Involucre 3-leaved,
long. Uméel simple, few-rayed, fasciculately crowded; vays very short,
polystachyous; sfzke/e¢fs on the rays arranged in compound spikes, linear,
compressed, flexuose, about 4-flowered. Sca/es remote, ovate-elliptical,
apically rounded, carinate, 7-nerved, dorsally rusty-lined, laterally hyaline-
pale. -4chenes oblong-linear, trigonal, slightly arcuate, mucronate, punc-
tulate, black-castaneous, shining, shorter than the scale.
(Chili. )
C. POEPPIGII PALLESCENS Kurtz.
Pallid-green; the sca/es mostly 1-colored.
N. Patagon., in swamps near Carmen. Pale green plant.
6. C. veceTus Willd.
Culm 60-120 cm. tall, trigonal; leaves as long or longer. Umbel
12-rayed; involucre 6—8-leaved, very long. Heads many-spiculate, sub-
globose. Spikelets 20—40-flowered; scales a third shorter, ovate, acute,
3-nerved, areolate, green or yellowish. Stamen 1. Achene obovate,
punctulate, shining brown, trigonal, mucronate, half as long as the glume.
(Chili); Valley of Rio Negro, N. Patagon. (Roca Exp. and J. Ball.)
Seo CLR EUS) Linn] | bulrush,
Large or small “sedges” with leafy culms’ or leafless except the basal
sheaths. Scales of the spikelets imbricated all round. Flowers usually
perfect; perianth of 6-1-0 bristles. Style not swollen at base. Achene
trigonal or lenticular. |
Species 200, cosmopolitan.
Kry TO THE SPECIES.
A, Spike solitary.
6. Culm short; root creeping. Spike ovate, few-flowered. Scales ovate, rusty to straw-
white. Sete 6. Style trifid. albibracteatus.
260 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
62. Culms numerous, cespitose ; sheaths mucronate. Spike ovate-oblong to linear. Scales
black-purple with green keel. Setz none. cernuus.
63. Culm filiform. Spike oval, compressed. Scales with purplish margin. Sete 6, two of
them shorter than the striate achene. retroflexus.
Az. Cespitose. Culms filiform, 1-leaved at base, glabrous. Spikes 1-2 (rarely 3-4). Invo-
lucre 1-leaved, exceeding the spikes. Scales with white sides having a purple spot.
setaceus.
A3. Unequally umbelliform.
6. Root creeping. Culm tall, leafy below ; leaves flat, as long as the culm. Involucre 3-
4-leaved. Spikes several, oblong. Scales ovate, bifid, midnerve mucronate-awned.
Setze 2-6, barbed, or none. maritimus.
62. Cespitose, tall. Culm filiform, leafy below. Leaves setaceous. Involucre 3-leaved,
shorter than the depauperate, 3—5-leaved umbel. juncotdes.
63. Culm subtrigonal, striate. Involucre 2-leaved, the outer pungent. Umbel many-rayed.
Scales elliptical-round, mucronulate. Sete 2, barbed. riparius.
64. Culm leafless, 25 mm. high. Spikes 1-3 in a bracted head. Setz 6, retrorsely barbed.
des er ticola.
A3. Spikes several, bract I, exceeding them. Scales brown.
6. Culms sharply 3-angled. Scales awned. Setz 2-3, retrorsely barbed, not exceeding the
plano-convex achene. americanus,
62. Culms slender, flattened above. Scales acute. Setz 3, retrorsely barbed, not half as
long as the plano-convex achene. nevadensis.
A4. Spikes in a decompound umbel, with unequal rays. Bracts 3-4. Scales recurved mu-
cronate. Sete 6, retrorsely barbed. glaucus.
1. S. ALBIBRACTEATUS (Nees & Mey. sub Eleocharis) O. Ktze.
Root creeping. Culms very short, 25-40 mm. long, setaceous, striate,
tetragonal, recurved. Spike ovate, few-flowered; its scales ovate, obtuse,
carinate, the sides rusty-red, or all straw-white ; the lowest sterile. Setze
6, whitish. Style trifid. Achene lenticular, punctate-striate, with yellow
base, crowned by the persisting style.
(Peru); Patagon. Neand Ea baecets
2. S. AMERICANUS Pers. Three-square.
Perennial by long rootstocks. Culm triquetrous, erect, to one meter
tall. Leaves 1-3, narrow, keeled, shorter than the culm. Spikelets ob-
long-ovoid, in heads, as if lateral. Involucral leaf slender. Scales
broad-ovate, brown, emarginate, awned. Sete 2-6, retrorsely barbed.
Stamens 3. Achene plano-convex.
W. Patagon., wet elevations by Rio Aysen.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEA. 261
3. S. CERNUUS Vahl. (including /solepzs magelanica Gaud.).
Root fibrous; c#/ms numerous, cespitose, 25-40 mm. high. angulate,
capillary. Seats one third as long, ending in a mucro. Sfzke solitary,
ovate-oblong to linear, obtuse, many-flowered. Sca/es ovate, the lowest
acute, the others obtuse, black-purple with green keel. Sefe none. Achene
obovate (‘‘triquetrous,” Speg.).
(E. Hemisphere); Magellan; rather common in Fuegia.
S. CERNUUS PYGMUS (Kunth sub /so/efzs).
Scales carinate-navicular, broad, obtuse, mucronulate, their sides
hyaline-white. 4chene subrotund, flat inside. No perianth-bristles.
S. Patagon., Beagle Channel. (Dusén.) ‘Has two forms, dveves and
elongatus.’’ (Wiegarht.)
4. S. DESERTICOLA Phil.
Creeping, cespitose; cu/ms covered by castaneous sheaths, 25 mm.
high, leafless. Leaves rosulate, plane, striate. SAzkes 1-3, forming a
terminal head. Lower bracts ovate, 5-nerved, apically coriaceous,
greenish, equalling the head; others shorter, narrower, scarious. Sefé
6, hypogynous, retrorsely hispid. 4chene ovate, triquetrous, acuminate,
smooth, scarcely half as long as the scale.
(Desert of Atacama; Mendoza); S. Patagon. by Rio Chico.
5. ©. GLAuCUS Nees.
Glaucous. Czém triangular, glabrous, leafy below, rough on the angles
at the top. Leaves plane, carinate, scabrous on the angles and margin,
almost equalling the culm. J/volucre 3—4-leaved, longer than the supra-
decompound cymiform wmbel. Rays very unequal; raylets apically
1-5-ranked, cylindraceously oblong. Sca/es carinate, oblong, apically
recurved-mucronate and ciliolate, fuscescent with a green keel. Achene
round-elliptical, attenuate, long-mucronate. Sef 6, retrorsely spinulose.
(Chili); Patagon., Neuquen, in damp places.
6. S. yuNcoipEs Willd. (/solepes junciformis H. B. & K.)
Culm cespitose, tall, 45 cm., strict, filiform, striate, rigid, glabrous,
leafy at base. Leaves setaceous, canaliculate, shorter than the culm.
Involucre 3-leaved, shorter than the depauperate 3-5-rayed wmbde/,; the
262 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
rays unequal, 1, rarely 2- or 3-headed, the heads globose, many-spicate ;
the spikes ovate; scales carinate-navicular, 3-nerved, brownish. Achene
trigonal-obovate. |
(Brazil, etc.); N. Patagon.
7. S. MARITIMUS Linn.
Root creeping. Culm stout, 30-90 cm. tall, trigonal, erect, glabrous or
scabrous on the angles upwards, leafy below. Leaves flat, linear, as long
as the culm, rough-edged. J/uvolucre 3-4-leaved, 1 or 2 leaves longer
than the others. Uszdel simple, few-rayed, the rays unequal or all short.
Spikes oblong, 6-18 mm. by 4-6 mm., many-flowered. Scales ovate, api-
cally bifid, acuminate, mid-nerve excurrent-awned, brown-rusty. Achene
obovate plano-convex, finely tuberculate. Se#e 2-6, short, retrorsely
spinulose, or none.
(Cosmopolitan); N. Patagon., ‘“common at Tuy and elsewhere. Some-
times used for thatching.” (J. Ball.) At Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz, by
J. B. Hatcher; in fruit, March 24, 1897.
8. S. NEVADENSIS S. Wats.
Stems clustered from a running rootstock, 30-60 cm. high, slender,
leafy at base, somewhat flattened above. Leaves nearly as long, chan-
neled or revolute, rough on margin, acute. SAzkele/s 1-8, ovate-oblong,
acute, 8-20 mm. long, in sessile clusters, subtended by a single, erect,
involucral leaf. Scales brown, shining, ovate, subcarinate, acutish. Sete
1-3, retrorsely barbed, not half as long as the broad-ovate, plano-convex,
acute achene, 2 mm. long. Style 2-cleft.
(Nevada); S. Patagon., in wet salinas near Rio Chico.
9g. S. RETROFLEXUS Poir. (S. sefaceus Nees non L., Heleocharis
chetaria R. & S.)
Culm filiform, glaucous. S£Azke solitary, compressed, oval. Scales ob-
tuse, their margin thin-purplish, dorsally green-carinate; the 2 lower sub-
equal, shorter than the spikelet. Sef 6, brownish, 2 of them shorter than
the obovate, trigonal achene, which is punctate-striate, with rostrum
dilated.
(East Indies); N. Patagon.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE&. 263
10. S. RIPARIUS Presl.
Culm obtusely trigonal, finely striate. Jzvolucre 2-leaved, the outer
leaf straight, pungent, continuing the culm, shorter than the umbel, the
inner leaf still shorter. Usmdée/ many-rayed, its rays trigonal. Bracts
lanceolate, 1-nerved. S#zkes ovate-oblong, many-flowered. Sca/es ellip-
tical-round, 1-nerved, emarginate-mucronulate. Seée 2, retrorsely scabrid.
Style bifid. Achene obovate, plano-convex. .
(Calif. to Chili); N. Fuegia, rare, Dusén; abundant on the banks of
Lago Nahuel-huapi.
S. RIPARIUS TERETICULMIS Steud.
Approaching .S. americanus by its more or less terete, flavescent cams,
25-75 cm. high, finely striate, its depauperate wmbe/, about 6-rayed, its
sanguineous bvacfs, its smaller dark sanguineous sfzkes, its broad-ovate,
long-awned scales. Style long, bifid.
_ S. Patagon., by banks of Pavon I., in Rio Sta. Cruz, and Lago Argen-
tino.
Dimes oR TACEUS, Junn -p. p.
Culms cespitose, filiform, 1-leaved at base, glabrous; the /a@/ linear-
filiform, shorter than the culm. Sfzes solitary or in pairs, rarely 3 or 4,
ovate, obtuse, few-flowered. Jnuvolucre of 1 leaf, exceeding the spikes.
Scales ovate, submucronate, green at the keel, hyaline-white with a purple
spot at each side. -4chene round-elliptical mucronate, its sides ribbed
lengthwise and striate across.
(Eurasia, Austral., Chili); Magellan.
4. HELEOCHARIS (4éocharis) R. Br. Spike-rush.
Sedges with simple cu/ms, the /eaves usually reduced to sheaths,
Sprkele¢ solitary, terminal, erect, many-flowered, not involucrate. Scades
concave, imbricated spirally. Perianth-bristles 1-8, retrorsely barbed, or
none. Stamens 2-3. ~ Style 2—-3-cleft, its base enlarged and persisting as
a rostrum on the lenticular or trigonal achene.
Species 80, cosmopolitan, from tropics to the arctic regions.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
_a@, Style usually 2-cleft.
6. Low, creeping by thick rootstock. Stylo-base constricted. Seta none—3. funedris.
62, Creeping horizontally ; stout. Achene with flat rostrum. Sete 4 or none. palustris.
264 PATAGONIAN’ EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
63. Slender. Spike oval, 1-bracted. Achene 2-edged. uniglumis.
64. Style bifid or trifid. Set rigid, persisting. Bulb rugose. Spike terminal.
sulcata.
az. Style 3-cleft.
6. Stems minute, setaceous. Flowers distichous. Seta 2-4. acicularis.
62. Stems filiform.
c. Spike solitary, bractless, dark purple. Achenial bulb conical. Sete 3-4-(6).
melanocephala.
c2. Spike sublateral, with bract-like scale. Style trifid less than half-way ; bulb as broad
as the achene. pachycarpa.
a3. Achene transversely striate. Culm triangular-filiform. Seta 3-4. striatula.
1. H. acicuLARIs Roem. & Sch.
Stems setaceous, almost round; sheaths leafless. Spike ovate, acute.
Glumes equal, acute. Stigmas 3. Sete 2-3.
H. ACICULARIS LILLIPUTIANA Speg.
Cespitose, with small cums, 5-10 mm. long, quadrangular, green, pur-
plish-sheathed at base;. sfekes acrogenous, 4—7-flowered, flowers disti-
chous, scales ovate-elliptical, obtuse, entire. Se/e 4, retrorsely spinulose.
Patagon., in river swamps near Golfo de San Jorge.
2. H. FUNEBRIS Speg.
Rhizome thick, creeping. Cz/ms low, densely fasciculate-cespitose, the
fertile and sterile intermixed; terete or subangulate, scarcely sulcate,
smooth, green, leafless, sheathed at base; sZeafhs wine- or dark-purple-
colored below, pallid upwards, obliquely truncate and submucronulate.
Spike strictly acrogenous, fusoid-subovate, many-flowered ; sca/es ovate,
acutish, obsoletely 1-nerved, often dorsally green and marginally dark-
purplish. S¢amens 3, minutely mucronulate, with none—3 slender, retrorse
sete, just surpassing the ovary. Szy/e cleft from the middle, moderately
bulbose-thickened at base. Achene obovate, ventrally flat, dorsally con-
vex ; stylar-bulb persisting with a constriction below, fuscous-yellow,
smooth, or obsoletely reticulate-punctulate.
S. Patagon., in swampy elevations near Rio Carren-leoft.
3. H. MELANOCEPHALA Desv.
Small, handsome, creeping, with filiform ca/ms, 2.5-5 cm. high, strict,
often curved, leafless, sheath purple. Sze black-purple, solitary, bract-
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE. 265
less, ovate-acute, 3—7-flowered. Scales ovate-obtuse, concave-carinate, I-
nerved, never green nor reaching the apex. Se/e 3-6, shorter than the
achene. Stamens 3, anthers linear, obtusely appendaged. Sty apically
3-cleft, its divisions thick. -4chene half as long as the scale, triangular,
obovate-elliptical, punctulate. 7zbercle conical.
(Andes) ; S. Patagon, along Rio Sta. Cruz, in swamps.
4. H. PACHYCARPA Desv.
Creeping. Cw/ms filiform, erect, quadrangular, 7-25 cm. high, SAzke
sublateral, many-flowered, ovate-obtuse with lower scale ovate-acute,
bract-like. Scales ovate, subcarinate, lax, 1-nerved, black-sanguineous,
scarious on margin and top. .S¢yé trifid less than half way, its divisions
thick. Achene trigonal, thick, lutescent, truncate. 7wdercle very large,
conical, mostly broader than the achene.
(Chili); a form in S. Patagon. (by O. Nordenskjéld).
Rati PALUSTRIS. Ko Br,
Culm stout, nearly terete, striate, about a meter tall. SAzke thicker
than the culm, oblong-lanceolate, many-flowered. Sca/es white-bordered,
with green keel. Avzsf/es usually 4, sometimes none. 4chenes narrow-
obovate, rostrum flattened.
(Eurasia; N. Amer., Brit. & Br. i, 251.) Patagon. by Rio Chico and
Carren-leoft; Falklands.
Gerkis eSTRIATULA .Lesv,
Creeping. Cz/m erect, flaccid, 7-20 cm. high, filiform, quadrangular,
smooth, sheathed at base, leafless. .SAzke several-flowered, lanceolate,
elongate. Scales ovate, concave, obtuse, dorsally green, laterally blood-
red, 1-nerved, the nerve not to the apex. Sete 3-4. Stamens 3, anthers
long, obtusely mucronate. dchene elliptical, costate, transversely stri-
ate, pallid, with a small conical tubercle on top.
(Chili) ; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
Eris SULCATAMINEES:
In the group having the perigynial se/@ rigid, persisting ; s¢y/e bifid
or trifid; bulb or stylobase suberose, rugose, persisting, Achene obo-
vate, biconvex. Spicule solitary, terminal.
(New Mexico.)
266 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
H. sutcata: Fiticu_mis (Schrad.) Kurtz.
N. Patagon., swamps near Carmen.
9 H. unicLumis Link.
Culm from a Stoloniferous base, erect, gracilescent, scarcely exceeding
30 cm.; sheaths apically ustulate, lacerous. Spike oval, bract single,
subrotund, with its base embracing the whole spike. Sca/es oblong, rather
obtuse, fuscescent, with a green keel. -4chene 2-edged; style bifid, with
a very thick base, not corrugate.
(Eur.; N. Amer.); S. Patagon., swamps between S. Julian and Rio
Deseado.
5, STENOPHYULUUS sar
Annual sedges, with slender, erect ca/ms, and basal linear-filiform /eaves
having hairy sheaths. Sfzefets in umbels or heads, or solitary, with a
1-3-leaved znuvolucre, and scales oblong, spirally-imbricated. - Perzanth
none. Stamens 2-3. Style 2—-3-cleft, its base persisting as a tubercle
on the trigonal achene. ;
Species 20, in warm and temperate fegions.
S. CAPILLARIS (L. sub Scevfus) Brit. (Gray sub /7moéristyls).
Culms 15 cm. high and “eaves tufted, filiform, shorter than the culms.
Spikelets several or only 1, often panicled, ovoid-oblong. Stamens 2;
styles 3-cleft. ¢chenes yellow-brown, wrinkled across, larger upwards.
(N. and trop. Amer., Brit. &. Br. 1, 258); N. Patagon.
6. ~OREOBORU SEL ba
Dwarf cespitose, with distichous aves and a single 1-flowered terminal
spikelet (rarely 2 spikelets) terminating the erect peduncle. G/umes 3.
Perianth represented by 6 narrow, rigid, subequal, hypogynous scales,
which persist like a pappus. 4chene smooth, ovoid, with no rostrum.
Species 3, in S. Austral., Tasman., N. Zeal) Hawaiians isis. unew
1. O. OBTUSANGULUS Gaud. (O. Aumitio R. Br.)
Culm sharply trigonal, covered below; the aves linear. Scafe axillary,
short, compressed, 1-flowered.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE. 267
(N. Zeal., Tasman., S. Austral., Chili, etc.), W. Magellan, Port Eden;
Fuegia to Cape Horn; at Packewaia in Beaver Ch.; Staaten I.; Falklands,
abundant. —
(Fig. G-H in Engl. & Pr. ii, 2, 114.)
Tout NAN THUS: Nees.
Low or rush-like, with narrow leaves and few-flowered spikelets, the
upper flowers male, the lateral hermaphrodite; several sterile scales dis-
tichously imbricating the base of the spikelets, which form a close or lax
panicle. Stamens 3, rarely more, to 8. Style 3-branched, broad at base.
Achene broadly ellipsoid, obtusely triangular, the angles costate.
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. iii, 1063, distinguish these from Schenus
by their terminal panicles, non-flexuous rachis, habit and nut.
Species 30, chiefly in S. Afr., with scattered species in S. Austral., New
Zeal., and extra-trop. S. Amer.
1 E. antarcticus (Hook. f. sub
Chetospora).
Culm cespitose, terete, leafy at base,
leaves narrow-linear, rigid, scarcely
equalling the culm, semiterete, gla-
brous. Spikelets 1-flowered; about 6
of them in a short panicle, shorter
than the 5-leaved involucre. Scales
distichous, keeled, unbearded. Setze
6, capillary, exceeding the achene.
(Mts. of S. Chili); Cape Tres Mon-
tes; N. & S. Fuegia; W. Magellan.
(Dusen. )
2. E. raxus (Hook. f. sub Chefospora).
Culm 30-60 cm. tall, cespitose.
Leaves about as long, only 1 mm.
wide, striate, margins serrulate. Pan-
icle lax, 6 cm. long, with longer bracts, LElynanthus laxus. EaBonesecck, spikelet and
the pedicels 1-spiculate. Spikelets 2- oad este eames
flowered, with 5 scales, the highest with a male, the next with a
268 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
perfect flower. Perianth of 4-6 seta, persisting, and exceeding the
achene.
(S. Chili.) Patagon.(?).
3. E. sopaLium (Hariot) Franchet.
Culm 30 cm. tall, the leaves shorter, their apex pungent, their sheaths
and the scales of the 1-flowered spikelets black. Panicle contracted,
10-12-spiculate. Perigonial sete (12?), slender, persisting, exceeding
the ovate achene and its 3-branched style.
Fuegia, forming peat near Cape Horn, and subalpine in Navarino I. in
Beagle Ch.
8. UNCINIA Pers.
Spike simple, terminal, monoecious, its scales imbricated with numerous
male flowers in each of the upper scales, and solitary female flowers in the
lower. Scales not keeled; the achene enclosed in a utricle, at the base
of a slender axis which usually protrudes as a ‘“‘se/a”’ or “awn” and usu-
ally ends in a hook.
Species 30, mostly southern, in Austral. and N. Zeal.; one in Fer-
nandez; and the following.
Key To THE SPECIES.
A, Smooth.
6, Culm thick at base; leaves longer, linear. Awn-protrusion as long as the utricle.
c. 7cm. Scales whitish. Awn-extension reddish, ciliate-edged. phleordes.
c2. 60cm. Scales white-margined. Utricle shining. macrophylla.
62. Culm slender, 90 cm. tall. Leaves large, flat. Spike large, cylindrical ; scales white-
margined upwards. Awn-protrusion half as long as the apically pilose utricle.
cylindrica,
63. Culm stoloniferous, crowded-leafy at base. Scales hyaline-margined.
c. Leaves setaceous, shorter than the culms. Awn straight. microglochin.
c2. Leaves narrow, plicate. Awn-protrusion (twice?) as long as the utricle, yellow.
Culm 20 cm. sinclawit,
Az. Smooth, save the scabrid edges and mid-nerves of the leaves.
6. Cespitose, creeping, 7 cm. Leaves narrow, involute. Spike capitate, naked. Scale lan-
ceolate, pale-nerved. Awn-protrusion half as long as the utricle. kingit.
62. Culm simple, 30 cm. tall, leafy below. Leaves linear. Spike 1-bracteate. Scale-mar-
gins rusty. Awn-protrusion as long as the rough-edged utricle. macloviana,
63. Root thick; culm 45 cm. high. Leaves plane, flaccid, as long as the culm. Spike lax.
Scale-margins brown, smooth. Awn-protrusion as long as the apically setulose utricle.
lechleriana.
64. Robust; culms 75 cm. tall. Leaves broad-linear, as long. Spike thick, cylindrical.
Awns 6 times as long as utricles, projecting all around. macrotricha.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEAE.
A3. Scabrid.
269
6. Culm 30 cm., leafy below, rough above. Leaves shorter, linear. Spike lax, depauperate.
Scales marginally white-hyaline, glabrous. Awn-protrusion twice as long as utricle.
tenuts.
62. Culm 36 cm. tall, leaf-remains at base. Leaves as long, flat. Spike with 3 bracts. Scales
pale-fuscous, 7-nerved. Utricle lanceolate, glabrous. Style thickened at base.
bracteosa.
63. Culm 60 cm., filiform, sheathed at base. Leaves shorter, flat. Scales sanguineous.
Awn-protrusion as long as the utricle.
1. U. BRACTEOA Phil.
triquetra.
Culm 36 cm. tall, scabrid above, base with remains of old leaves;
leaves as long; 4 mm. broad. Sfzke oblong, 40 by 15 mm.,
lax, with 3
involucral leaves, one of these 3 times its length. Female scales spread-
ing, lance-ovate, the lowest 10 mm. long, pale-fuscous, dorsally green,
7-nerved. Ufricle lanceolate, glabrous. Achene ovate-oblong, truncate ;
style thickened at base.
Smith Channel of W. Patagon.
2. U. CYLINDRICA Franchet.
Culm go cm. tall, slender, smooth; /eaves large and flat, 6
mm. broad. S#zke 10 cm. long, slender, cylindrical, shortly
male at the obtuse apex. Sca/es firm, concave-ovate, gla-
brous, white-margined upwards. U/¢vic/e oblong-fusiform,
obtuse, many-nerved on the convex back, ventrally plane,
pilose at top and on margins, equalling the scale, 5 mm. ;
awn a half longer. (Fig. 47, right side, p. 271.)
Fuegia, Molyneux Harbor, in woods.
3. U. xkincGi Boott.
Cespitose, root creeping; cu/m 8cm. high. Sfrke capi-
tate, naked. Ufvicle lanceolate, narrowing upwards, its
mouth truncate, obliquely cleft, its surface ferruginous,
smooth, exceeding the pale-nerved lanceolate scale. Jww
half longer than utricle. (Fig. 46.)
W. Magellan, S. Fuegia, alpine by Rio Grande on Beagle
Ch. (Dusén); at Port Cook (Speg.).
Oncinia kingit.
Spike and spike-
let showing its
scale, utricle, and
awn. ( From
Flora = antare-
ica. )
270 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. U. LECHLERIANA Steud.
Root fibrous, thickened. Cz/m erect, round-angular, 45 cm. tall,
sheathed below. Leaves as long, flat, margins rough. S#zke lax, with
leafy scales at base, attenuate, male above. Sca/es oblong, obtuse, pale,
the edge brown, glabrous, exceeding the oblong-triquetrous, apically setu-
lose utricle. .4wxz hooked, exserted part as long as its utricle.
Magellan, Fuegia, on Beagle Channel.
5. U. MACLOVIANA Gaud.
Culm simple, erect, 30 cm. high, trigonal, glabrous, the base leafy.
Leaves plane, erect, rigid, linear, rough inside and on edges. SAzke
slender, erect, cylindrical, 4-5 cm. long, with a basal setiform leaf. Ufricle
lance-oblong, plano-convex, I-nerved, the angles ciliate-rough, equalling
the obtuse scales. -4wz twice as long, hooked.
(Montevideo); Magellan; Falklands; Fuegia, near woods.
U. MACLOVIANA MONTANA (Phil.).
Smaller than U. macloviana Gaud., its leaves shorter, subapically
toothed. Spicule extremely attenuate, 18 mm. by 2.5mm. Scales similar
in male and female, orbiculate-ovate, utricle oblong-oval.
S. Fuegia. (O. Nordenskjéld.)
6. U. MACROPHYLLA Steud.
Root very fibrous, its neck thickened by sheaths of old leaves. Czlm
erect, triquetrous, smooth, glabrous, firm, leafy at the base, 60 cm. high.
Leaves plane, 2-4 mm. broad, and much overtopping the culm, acumi-
nate. S#zke cylindric, 7 cm. long, by 12 mm. thick, naked at base, apical
cone male. .Sca/es fuscous, with whitish margin, the lower exceeding the
obtusely triquetrous, oblong, shining utricle. Se/a uncinate, the exsert
part as long as the utricle.
(Chili); W. Patagon.
7. U. MACROTRICHA Franchet.
Culm robust, 75 cm. tall, trigonal, rough-edged. Leaves as long,
broad-linear, smooth save on margin. Sf#zke thick-cylindrical, attenuate
upward, acute. Scales oblong, obtuse, half as long as the utricles, pallid.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE-. 271
Utricle gray, broad-obovate, rostrate, incurved-refract in middle. 4wn 6
times as long, hooked, extending outwards. (Fig. 47, left side.)
Patagon., Otway.
8. U. MICROGLOCHIN (Wahl. sub Carex) Sprengel.
Rhizome stoloniferous. C2lm 10-
15 cm. high, smooth, terete, sulcate,
leafy at base. Leaves strict, setace-
ous, much shorter than culm. SAzke
naked, 1 cm. long; male part 5-6-
flowered; female part 4—-12-flow-
ered. Scales oblong, at length-
chestnut-colored; the dorsal nerve
clearer, margin hyaline; scales of
Jemale flowers ovate-oblong, ob-
tuse, soon deciduous, involving the
utricles, which are 5 mm. long, Bed
green, becoming brown, terete.
Achene with a straight, setaceous,
exsert awn. Stigmas 3. Fic. 47.
( Arctic and alpine parts of N Uncinia macrotricha (2 figures on left), top of
spike and achene; Uncinia cylindrica (2 figures on
Hemisphere ) ) Fuegia to Cape right), spike and utricle. (After Franchet. )
Horn.
U. MICROGLOCHIN FUEGIANA (Kiikenthal). (Cavex ofgantha Boott. non
| Philyectc.)
Taller and stouter. SAzke few-flowered, about 2-3 male flowers and 3
females. Utvicles 6 mm. long, deflexed. S#fe more conspicuous.
S. Patagon.; W. Magellan, Fuegia to Orange Harbor and Horn I.
9. U. PHLEOIDES Pers.
Culm thick at base, smooth, 7 cm. high. Leaves longer, broad-linear.
Spike 10 cm. long, pallid, basiattenuate. .Sca/es lax, the female obovate,
whitish, rusty-zoned. Ufrvicfe 8 mm. long, oblong-linear, attenuate both
ways; its edges ciliate. was6 mm. long. Achene obtuse-angled, pale.
(S. Chili; ‘““Quin-quin’’); Patagon.(?)
272 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY
U. PHLEOIDES BRACHYTRICHA Speg.
Leaves scarcely equalling the culm, plane or plicate, not scabrid. Czdms
scarcely leafy at base. ww slightly exsert, 10 mm. long.
Patagon., Chubut.
U. PHLEOIDES LONGISPICA Franchet.
Culms 30-60 cm. tall, glaucescent. Leaves exceeding 30 cm., by 8 mm.
broad. Sfzke dense, from a linear, attenuate base, with clavate apex, 9-18
cm. long. Ufricle red-tomentose above.
S. Patagon., Otway. |
10. U. SINCLAIRII Boott.
Rhizome stoloniferous. Cudm 5-25 cm. high, rather curved, smooth,
obtuse-angled. Leaves crowded at base, narrow, plicate. Sfzke narrow-
oblong, 1-2 cm. long, rather dense; ma/e part the shorter; female scales
ovate, obtuse, straw-brown, dorsally many-nerved, margin hyaline. U77z-
cle just exceeding the scales, 4 mm. long, ovate, attenuate both ways;
hispid next the short rostrum. dchene ovate, trigonal. wu yellow,
twice as long as the utricle.
(New Zealand); Fuegia by Rio Azopardo. ‘The Fuegian plant has
taller culm and shorter male part of the spike than the N. Zeal. plant.”
(Dusen. )
11. U. TENUIS Poeppig.
Creeping, slender; cu/m leafy at base, rough at top. Leaves shorter
than culm, linear, rough-edged. Sfzke slender, lax-flowered, depauperate.
Scales ovate, acuminate, I-nerved, the lowest awned, articulate, deciduous,
except the saccate base. U/fvicles elliptical, attenuate both ways, plane or
obtuse-angled, glabrous, truncate; their aw long-hooked, twice the utri-
cle in length.
S. Patagon., by Cabo Negro and Punta Porpesse; Fuegia, Ushuaia;
Cape Horn.
12. U. TRIQUETRA Kiikenthal.
Rhizome cespitose. Cz/m 60-70 cm. high, strict, filiform, obsoletely tri-
quetrous, scabrid upwards, base covered by brown sheaths. Leaves shorter
than the culm, 3 mm. broad, plane, very green. Sfzke 4-6 cm. long,
lax-linear, ma/e part short, scales oblong, obtuse dorsal nerve green, not
reaching the apex; female scales longer, blood-red. U/#vicles exceeding
MACLOSKIE: GRAMINEA. 273
the scales, 7 mm. long, elliptical-trigonal, greenish, obsoletely nervous,
with short rostrum. 4chene oblong. wx glabrous, twice as long as
the utricle.
W. Fuegia; Beagle Channel, by Rio Olivaia.
GmeCARTX a rinnws Sedge.
Grass-like herbs, usually with trigonal culms, sheathed by the closed
base of the 3-ranked leaves. Flowers moncecious or dioecious, solitary in
the axils of scales, without true perianth, forming spikes which are sub-
tended by the upper leaves, and are wholly male, or wholly female, or
with the flowers androgynously mixed in the same spike. Stamens 3,
rarely fewer. Style-branches 2 or 3. Achenes trigonal or lenticular, en-
closed in a utricle.
Species more than 1,000, cosmopolitan, most abundant in temperate
zones, often cespitose and forming tussocks in marshy places.
CarEx ANALYSIS, FOR SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERICA.
(Based on Kikenthal in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. xxvii, 558.) The species reported from Patagonia
have their numerical position prefixed.
1. Spike 1, androgynous. 2.
Spike 1, subglobose, male above, female below, with long bracts. Leaves filiform, half as
long as the culm. (28) C. ortega.
Spikes numerous. 12.
2. Spike directly terminal. Stigmas 2-3. 2h
Pseudolateral. Stigmas 3. 6.
3. Stigmas 3. Spikes 5-6-flowered. Utricle terete, subulate. Achene with an exsert seta.
(Sub Uncinta, p. 271) C. microglochin fuegiana.
Stigmas 2. Utricle plano-convex. 4.
4. Rhizome creeping. Spike few-flowered ; scales acute. C. trichodes.
Rhizome deep, sending up many low, angulate-terete, sulcate culms. Dicecious, male spike
solitary, female spikes few. Utricle convex-concave with long rostrum.
(37) C. subantarctica,
Rhizomes cespitose. Spike many-flowered, obtuse. Be
5. Scales round, persistent. Utricle broad. C. capitata.
Scales ovate, caducous. C. caduca.
6. Spike 1, pseudolateral. Stigmas 3.
Culm low, leafy. Rostrum long. C. vallis-pulchre Phil.
Culm taller. Fruit suberostrate. Wa
7. Culm triquetrous, weak. Leaves plane. Utricle winged. C. sellowzana.
Culm subterete, smooth. Leaves not plane, few. Utricle not winged. 8.
8. Culm thick, leafless. 9.
Culm slender, leafy. 10.
274 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
9. Basilar sheaths mediocre. Bract half as long as spike. Female scales obtuse, deciduous.
(3) C. aphylla.
Basilar sheaths large, the upper produced. Bracts twice as long as spike. Female scales
acute, persistent. C. moline.
10. Rhizome cespitose. Culms all flowering. Leaves reduced. C. berteroant.
Rhizome bearing also sterile culms. Leaves developed. Lite
11. Culm rigid, exceeding the rigid leaves. Spike globose, many-flowered. C. andina.
Culm slender, nearly hid in sheaths. Spike subglobose, few-flowered. (29) C. patagonica.
12 (from 1). Spikes numerous.
Spikes sexually mixed. E23
Spikes sexually distinct. 37.
13. Ayparrhene. Spikes basally male. 14.
Acrarrhene. Spikes apically male. 16.
14. Hyparrhene.
Spikes crowded into a head. Utricle winged, long-rostrate (Uncinia).
(26) C. leporina L. (C. macloviana d’Urv.).
Spikes 5—6, ovate, contiguous. Utricle plano-convex, margined. Rostrum 2-toothed.
(31) C. propingua N. & M.
Spikes remote. Utricles short-rostrate. Lae
15. Scales white. Spikes small. Utricles not winged. (9) C. canescens L. or (36) sémilis d'Urv.
Scales blackish. Spikes larger. Utricle spinulose-winged. (4) C. atropicta Steud.
16. Acrarrhene.
Spikes more or less sessile. 17;
Spikes 4, upper one androgynous, lower female and stalked. Stigmas 2. (25) C. lechlert.
Spikes long-stalked. 31.
17. Spikes remotish, short-petioled, long-bracted. C. uruguensts.
Spikes crowded in a head. 18.
18. Head involucrate. Rostrum incurved. 19.
Head exinvolucrate. Rostrum straight. 4
Head with a long leafy bract: rostrum cleft. (13) C. divisa Huds.
19. Sheath cross-wrinkled. Spike long, compound. C. brongniartu Kth.
Sheath smooth. Spike short, simple. 20.
20. Utricles tubercled, nervose, and spongiose. (6) C. donariensis Dsf.
Utricles smooth. 21.
21. Spike oblong. Utricle nervose, spongiose. (7) C. bracteosa Ktze.
Spike ovate or ovate-oblong, not very nervose. 22:
22. Spike 2 cm., crass. Utricles green-margined. C. soraira Kth.
Spike 1 cm., less crass. Utricles green- or fulvous-margined. (23) C. involucrata Bt.
23 (from 18). Head long. Utricle narrow, ciliate-margined. Rostrum long. Culm hid among
leaves. C. reich Krk.
Head ovate or triangular. Utricle broader, not ciliate-margined. 24.
24. Utricle membranaceous, not crass. 25.
Utricle suberose-incrassate. 26.
25. Culm terete, compressed, incurved. Leaves plicate, not thick. Spike globose, ovate, male
‘flowers generally concealed. Scales broad-ovate, mucronate. (22) C. incurva Lightf.
26.
am
28.
29.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE. 275
Culm obtusely triquetrous. Leaves subterete, thick. Spike oblong, male part conspicuous.
Scales ovate-lanceolate, acute. C. melanocystis Desv.
Utricles coriaceous, margined, not winged. 20.
Utricles membranaceous. Wings crass at margins. 30.
Spikes compound. Rostrum rough, more or less incurved. C. marcida Bt.
Utricle dorsally convex. Rostrum straight. 28.
Utricle small, 2 mm. high, spongy. Spikes often unisexual. (18) C. gayana Dsv.
Utricle longer, thicker. Spike androgynous. 29.
Culm rough above. Spikes compound. Utricle not stiped. C. macrorrhiza Bt.
Culm smooth ; spikes simple. Utricle stiped. C. hypoleucos Dsv.
30 (from 26). Culm compressed-trigonal, rough upwards. Utricle 4 mm., ovate, attenuate-
41:
$2.
33.
34.
stipitate, 2-toothed, with long rostrum. C. pycnostachya Dsv.
Culm thick, smooth. Utricle 3 mm., glabrous, ovoid, winged, stiped. (24) C. kurtsztana Kiik.
Spikes long-pediceled.
(From 16.) Spike of few, simple, rarely compound, spikelets. 32:
Spikes 10-12, upper 4 male, lower ones long-stalked. Stigmas 2. Rostrum 2-toothed.
Bracts exceeding culm. (20) C. tucompta.
Spike paniculate, of many spikelets. 35.
Lateral spikelets subbasilar. Utricle pyriform. Stigmas 3. 33:
Lateral spikelets subterminal. Utricles plano-convex. Stigmas 3. 34.
Rhizome laxly cespitose. Spike clavate. Scales whitish. C. phalaroides Kik.
Rhizome densely cespitose. Spikes scarcely cespitose. Scales pubescent. C. macella Kth.
Spikes slender, laxiflorous. Utricles elliptical, not as long as the scales.
C. pichichensis Hum.
Spikes crass, densiflorous. Utricles broad-ovate, equalling the scales.
C. brunnescens Bek.
35 (from 31). Panicles divaricate. Utricle green, red-spotted. Stigmas 2. C. seditiosa Steud.
30.
37:
38.
39.
40.
Panicle contracted. 30:
Secondary panicles interrupted. Utricle 3.5 mm., planoconvex. Stigmas 2.
. C. catamarcensis Clk.
Secondary panicles contiguous. Utricles 2.5 mm., trigonal-globose. Stigmas 3.
C. latibracteolata Kik.
Spikes sexually distinct.
(From 12.) Terminal spike basally male; laterals only female. Stigmas 3.
C. boliviensis var. H. & M.
Spikes 3, short, males at base and sometimes at apex, the lower stalked and bracted.
Utricle compressed. * (16) C. fuegiana.
Terminal spikelet typically male; laterals female. 38.
Utricles entire or brevirostrate. 39.
Conspicuously rostrate and 2-toothed. ‘i 45.
Stigmas 2. 40.
Stigmas 3. 43.
Leaves narrow-involute. Basal sheaths leafy. Spikes subsessile, single. Scales obtuse. 41.
Sheaths leafless. Leaves broad, plane, revolute. Spikes long-stalked, in 2’s and 3's.
Scales acutish, * 42.
276 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
ae
Sheaths leafless. Spicate glomerules. (34) C. schedonautos.
. Bracts shorter than culm. Spikes few, oblong-cylindrical, or short. Utricles subsessile,
nerveless. Achene nearly filling the utricle. C. vulgaris Fr.
Bracts longer than culm. Spikes many, cylindraceous. Scales soon deciduous. Utricles
stiped, nervose. Achenes scarcely filling two thirds the utricle. (12) C. decidua Bt.
Spikes approximate, only the lower stalked. Scales scarcely elongate. Utricles many-
nerved. (2) C. andersont Bt.
Spikes remote, numerous, all stalked. Scales elongate. Utricles granulose-punctate, few-
nerved. (11) C. darwin Bt.
Culm low, concealed in the leaves. Female spikes oblong, lax. Rostrum short, often
recurved. C. brachycalama Gris.
Culm medium, leaves as long. Lower spikes nodding. Utricles elliptical. (19) C. germana.
Culm exceeding the leaves. Male spike 1, female spikes about 4, little remote. Utricles
ovate-oblong. (17) (¢adecora) C. fuscula.
Culm tall, free. Spikes distant. Utricles compressed-triquetrous. 44.
Culm acute-angled, rough upwards. Female spikes long-stalked, lax, nodding; only 1
terminal male. Utricle glabrous, grayish. (27) C. magellanica Lam.
Culm obtuse-angled, smooth. Female spikes short-stalked, erect. Terminal males 4.
Utricle straw-purple, striolate, spinulose-margined. C. hispida Sch.
(From 38.) Uztricles very rostrate, 2-toothed. 7
Legs of rostrum directly prostrate. Leaves not Septate-nodose. 46.
Legs of rostrum divergent. Leaves septate-nodose. SI.
Culm very short, hid among leaves. Female spikes sessile, crowded. Utricle compressed.
Stigmas 2. (1) C. acaulis dUrv.
Culm tall (about 1 meter). Root creeping.
Culm acute-angled, smooth. Male spikes 3; female spikes 3, distant, nutant. Utricles
compressed. (32) C. pseudocyperus L.
Culm acute-angled, rough. Male spikes 3-5; female spikes 3-5, some apically male.
Utricle ovate-conical. (33) C. riparia Curt.
Culm unknown. Male spikes 2; female spikes 5, some apically male. Bracts very long.
(35) C. serranoi Phil.
Culm free. Stigmas 3. 47.
Scales blackish. Utricles 5-7 mm., compressed. Rostrum slender, purple. Terminal
spike sometimes female at apex. (5) C. danksit Bt.
Scales rusty. Utricles shorter, subinflated, trigonal. 48.
Spike long-cylindrical, dense, more or less pedunculated, often at length nodding. Utricle
small. 49.
Spike oval or oblong, subsessile, erect, dense. Utricle larger. 50.
Leaves 2, nerved above. Utricle compressed-trigonal, olive-colored, not shining.
C. falcata Bt.
Leaves 3—4-nerved. Utricle inflated-trigonal, brown-olive, shining, stiped.
C. lamprocarpa Ph.
Scales more or less awned. Utricle greenish-yellow, purple-striolate, with 2 lateral nerves.
(21) C. enconspicua Steud.
Scales obtusish. Utricle very and equally nervose. C. flava brevirostrata Kk.
Rostral lobes divergent.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEA. 277
(From 45.) Female spikes basilar, long-stalked, few-flowered. Utricle to 18 mm., sub-
ulate, long-rostrate. C. macrosolen St.
Female spikes many-flowered. Utricle shorter. ee
52. Utricle hirtellous. Ba:
Utricle glabrous. AS
53. Utricle densely granulate, suberose. C. tweediana Nees.
Utricle not granulate. 54.
54. Utricle red-tomentose. Rostrum short, slightly 2-toothed. (15) C. filtiformis L.
Utricle olive-purplish, setulose. Rostrum long, 2-toothed. C. beechyana Bt.
55. Utricle coriaceous, shortly and broadly rostrate; rostrum slightly 2-toothed. 56.
Utricle submembranaceously long-rostrate, and deeply 2-toothed. 59.
56. Culm short. Leaves canaliculate. Bracts sheathing. C. pumila littorea Labill.
Culm long. Leaves plane. ee
57. Spike flexuose. Utricle compressed-trigonal, plumbeous, rusty-striolate.
C. brasiliensis St. H.
Spikes erect. Utricle turgid-trigonal. 58.
58. Scales lanceolate, awned. Utricle fusiform, olive-brown, sessile. (30) C. riparia chilensis Brng.
Scales spatulate, bifid, very long-awned. Utricle pale, obovate-oblong, long-stalked.
(39) C. wrifida Cav.
59. Utricle globose. Rostrum long, its teeth lanceolate. C. stenolepis Tor.
Utricle less inflated, costate-nervose ; its teeth more or less awned. 60.
60. Spikes erect. Scales black-purple, cuspidate. Utricle stramineous. C. acutata Bt.
Spikes ultimately pendulous. Scales whitish-rusty, awned. Utricle pale green.
(32) C. pseudocyperus platygluma Cl. and C. pseudocyperus henkeana Pr.
Tee AGAULIS. CG LInV.
Style 2-branched. Dwarf, 25 mm. high, with short rhizome. Ca/m
enclosed in the sheaths. eaves numerous, rigid, spreading, narrow-acu-
minate, keeled and denticulate. SAzkes 4-5 mm. long, crowded, dense-
flowered; male solitary, orbicular-ovate, 10-flowered ; females 4, orbicu-
lar, 8-flowered, short-pedunculate. Scales yellow-rusty, pale-margined,
oblong-acute, crowded. U/vicles slightly larger, ovate-compressed ; vos-
trum 2-toothed.
Falklands (the only specimen known).
(C. ematorhyncha Desv.=C. filiformis L.)
2. C. ANDERSONI Boott.
Style 2-branched. Sfouwf, 40 cm. high, the base covered by sheaths.
Spikes 7-9, black-purple, erect, the uppermost male, the others female,
oblong to cylindrical, above in twos or threes, sessile ; lower ones pedun-
278 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
cled . occasionally all are apically male. U7vzc/e elliptical, short-rostrate,
the mouth entire, shorter than the dark, pale-nerved scaée.
Magellan.
3. C. APHYLLA Kunth.
Spike solitary, dioecious ; s¢y/e trifid. Ca/ms cespitose, terete, rigid,
glabrous, sheathed at the base, leafless. Female spike obliquely in-
serted, subtended by a spathe-like, ovate-oblong bract. Ufvicles oblong,
compressed, apically narrowed, and acutely bidentate, with ciliolate angles.
Stigmas very long. Scales ovate, rounded apically, convex, 3-nerved,
hyaline, whitish, dorsally green, pale ferruginous at apex and margin,
glabrous, deciduous. Male spike unknown.
S. Patagon., in moist hills-near Rio Carren-leoft.
4. C. ATROPICTA: Steuce
Style 2-branched. Root woody, stoloniferous. Cam 15-45 cm. high,
smooth, leafy at base. Leaves plane, linear, acute, smooth or with rough
edges, much shorter than the culm.
_ Sfrkes androgynous, males at base,
most of them peduncled, subternate,
% approximate, subovate ; the scales ob-
long, obtuse, brown. U*vicles dark-
purple, apically whitish, bifid, rostellate.
(Argentina); S. Patagon. (Nor-
densk.) ; Magellan; E. and S. Fuegia
(Dusén).
5. C. BANKSII Boott.
Style 3-branched. Culm 45 cm.
tall, leafy at base, glabrous. Leaves
4-6 mm. broad, not as long as culm,
§
Fic. 49. rough on edges and nerve. Sfzkes
Carex banksit. Inflorescence ; and (on left) 3-5 black-purple oblong basi-cuneate
male flower; (on right) female flower and achene. hj k ddj g if
(From Fiora anearencd thick, exsert, nodding; the uppermost
one androgynous, the others female;
the lowest remote. U/¢vic/e hyaline, whitish, compressed, broad-ovate, ros-
Sa
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEAE. 279
trate, its mouth oblique, bifid; shorterand broader than the dark, spatulate,
emarginate, awned sca/e. (Fig. 49.)
S. Patagon., near Carren-leoft'; Magellan; Fuegia.
6. C. BONARIENSIS Desf.
Style 2-branched. Czd/ms cespitose. Leaves linear, subcarinate, rough-
edged near their apex, nearly equalling the culm. Sfckes androgynous,
male at top, crowded into a spicate thyrse, 20 mm. long, with 1-2
involucrate leaves. Svacts within the thyrse smaller. U/7vec/e spreading,
broad-ovate, convex-concave, ending in a 2-toothed rostrum.
(Argentina); Falklands.
7. C. BRACTEOSA Kuntz.
Style 2-branched. Cu/m 12-30 cm. high, trigonal, glabrous. Leaves
as long, plane. /anzc/e spike-like, ovate, obtuse, dense, involucrate by 2
leafly bracts. Sfzkes short, androgynous, male at apex. Ufrvicle 5 mm.
long, ovate, attenuate both ways, internally 4-, externally 5-nerved,
spongy at base; vostyvum smooth, rather long, 2-toothed.
(Paraguay); Chiloé; Patagonia.
8. C. CAMPYLOXxyYS Steud.
Style 2-cleft. Rhizome woody. Ca/m 35 cm. high, firm, smooth, leafy ;
Jeaves as long, upper ones bracteate. Sfzkes 4, 1 terminal, male, linear ;
3 female, oblong-linear, subsessile. Sca/es oblong-linear, acuminate.
Magellan.
g. C. CANESCENS Linn.
Style bifid. Roof fibrous, cespitose or stoloniferous. Ca/m 30 cm.
high, erect, trigonal, rough. Leaves plane, linear,2 mm. broad, rough-
edged, acuminate, equalling the culm. S#zkes about 6, androgynous,
male at base. U*vicle ovate, plano-convex, exceeding the broad ovate
acute scales. (See C. semis.)
(Temperate Eurasia and N. Amer.); S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz,
and Gregory Bay.
C. CANESCENS ALPICOLA Wahlenb.
Usually smaller and slender. SAzkes smaller, acutish, in fait subro-
tund and fuscescent.
(Eur.; Greenland; Alaska); Magellan; Fuegia; Falklands.
280 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
C. CANESCENS CURTA Good.
Leaves shorter than the slender, stiff cu/m. Ufricle under 2 mm. long,
beaked, equalling the scales. (Is probably C. semzfs dUrv.)
(Eur.; N. Amer.); Magellan; Falklands.
C. CANESCENS ROBUSTA Blytt.
Magellan; E. and S. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
10.7, Ce CAPE AS Aw sina:
Styles bifid. oot cespitose, fibrous, creeping. Caudm 12 cm. high,
slender, smooth, trigonal. Leaves shorter, subfiliform, rigid. SAzke sub-
globose. Utricles ovate-acuminate, glabrous, compressed, longer than the
round-ovate scale. Rostrum whitish.
11. C. DARWINIT Boott.
Style 2-cleft. Czlm stout, tall, glabrous, leafy at base. Leaves 6-8
mm. broad, serrate-scabrous on edge and keel. Bracts leafy, exceeding
the culm. SAzkes 8-12, ferruginous, cylin-
drical, peduncled, nodding; the upper 2
male; the others female, in 2 s*ande2 4:
Utricle elliptical, vostrum short, mouth
entire, broader than the lanceolate-acumi-
nate scale. (Fig. 50.)
Chonos Archip.; Patagon.; Magellan.;
N. and W. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
Fic. 50. 12. Co DECIDUABDOOLE
Carex darwinii, showing spike and female Style 2-cleft. Culm 20m high.
flower. (From Flora antarctica.)
Leaves longer, 2-3 mm. broad, glabrous
except the edges. SAzkes 4-7, black-purple, erect; the uppermost andro-
gynous, males at base, or also at top; the others female. Upper spikes
sessile, contiguous, oblong; lower cylindrical; lowest short-peduncled,
remote. U/tvicle oblong-ovate, rostellate, its mouth entire; exceeding the
oblong dark scale.
(Califor.); Magellan.; Fuegia; Falklands.
C. DECIDUA MINOR Kiikenth.
Patagon.; E. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE. 281
13. C. pivisa Huds.
Styles bifid. Rhzzome thick, creeping. Cz/m erect, obtusely triquet-
rous, rough upwards, 30 cm. high and more. Leaves narrow, of varying
length, rough on edges and keel. Sfzkes crowded irregularly in an
ovate head, androgynous, males at apex; an erect leafy bract at the base
of the head, usually long, and acutely triquetrous. /7zz¢s roundish-ovate,
convex on one side, subconcave on the other. SAeak acutely bifid with
finely serrate edges. Scales ovate-elliptical, mucronate, fuscous, exceed-
ing the utricle.
(Europe); Patagonia.
14. C. FESTIVA Dewey. (C. zuctso-dentata Steud.)
Style 2-cleft. Panicle spike-like, of several androgynous, basi-mascu-
line sfzkes, in an ovate-orbiculate head. Cd¢vicle ovate, acuminate, ros-
trate, bifid, obliquely cleft, as long as the lanceolate acute sca/e.
(N. of Eurasia and of N. Am.); Patagonia; Magellan, in damp woods;
Fuegia.
15. C. FILIFORMIS Linn. (C aématorhyncha Desv.)
Stigmas 3. Culm slender, 60-90 cm. tall, triquetrous, scabrid above.
Leaves narrow, with scabrid margins. Lvacts leafy, sheathless, exceeding
the culm. Sfzkes 5-6, erect, the males 2-3 above, approximate, the
females 3, distant, dense, cylindric, the lowest short-peduncled. Sca/es
ovate-acuminate, subulate-awned, sanguineous, I-nerved, with the keel
green. Utvicle ovate, 4 mm. long, obsoletely nervose, rufescent, hispid,
attenuate to a short obliquely truncate, ciliolate rostrum.
(Chili); S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz and Gregory Bay ; and Carren-
leoft ; Fuegia.
.(C. fuscula @Urv. = C. mdecora Kth.)
164.@, FUEGIANA (Phil:
Styles 2-cleft. Culm 50-60 cm. high, slender, sometimes scabrid at
top. Leaves half as high, strict, narrow, rough on edge and midrib.
Spikes 3, short, contiguous, male at base and sometimes at apex, upper
one larger, lower pedicelled and bracted; its bract subulate, scarcely
half as long as the spike. Male scales dark-purple, the nerve white ;
female scales smaller, narrower than the utricle. CU7/vicle compressed, its
282 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
base attenuate, white, ultimately purplish; its margins yellowish, fim-
briate ; vostvum short.
E. Fuegia. (Compare C. atropicta Steud.)
17. C. FuSCULA d’Urv. (1825). (C. zdecora Kth., C. enconspicua fuscula.)
Style 3-cleft. Cau/ms triangular, glabrous. Leaves shorter than the
culms, narrowly grass-like, plane, rigid, edge scabrid. Made spike solitary ;
female spikes about in 4’s, little remote, cylindraceous-oblong. Ufvicles
ovate-oblong, attenuate-rostrate, nerveless, rusty, glabrous, angles scabrid
upwards. Sca/e round-elliptical, mucronate. Rosfvwm truncate, cleft
behind.
Differs from C. zxvolucrata Boott by bracts long, mucronate-awned,
utricles green and minutely and densely fuscous-punctulate. (Speg.)
S. Patagon., by Gregory Bay and Rio Sta. Cruz; Falklands; Fuegia.
N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
18. C. GAYANA Desv. (C. dvisa Huds.)
Style 3-cleft. Roof creeping, strongly fibrous. Culm 30-60 cm. tall,
erect, trigonal, smooth, striate. Leaves plane, linear, acuminate, rough-
edged upwards, shorter than culm. J/ale sfike solitary, cylindraceous ;
Jemale spikes 3, short-pedunculate, few-(5—10)flowered ; bracts sheathing.
Utricles ovate, obtusely trigonal, longer than the ovate-obtuse brownish
scale. Rostrum short.
(Eur.; W. Asia; New Mex. ; Chili.)
C. GAYANA DENSA Kiikenth.
S. Patagon. (Nordensk.) ; N. Fuegia (Dusén).
19. C. GERMANA Boott.
Style 3-cleft. Cudm 35 cm. high, obtuse-angled, glabrous, 2—3-leaved.
Leaves sheathing, as long as the culm, triquetrous-acuminate, the keel
and edges scabrid. Svacts sheathing, the upper setaceous. Sfzkes 4-6,
fuscous, rusty; one or two terminal male; the others female, thick-cylin-_
drical, dense-flowered; the upper sessile, erect; the lower stalked, nod-
ding. U/fvicles elliptic, whitish, equalling the awned oblong scale.
W. Patagon.; Cape Tres Montes,
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEA:. 283
20. C. INCOMPTA Franchet.
Style 2-cleft. Cu/m tall, over 60 cm., slender, smooth. Leaves long,
rather soft, margin rough, the upper not sheathing.
Bracts exceeding the culm. Sfzkes 10-12; the up-
per 4-5 male or androgynous, sessile except the
first; the others female, often in 2’s or 3's, long-
peduncled. Scales fuscous, ovate-lanceolate, as long
as the utricle but narrower. Rostrum 2-toothed.
phe. 51.)
Magellan, close to the sea.
21. C. INCONSPICUA Steud.
Style 3-cleft. Roof fibrous, yellow-rufous, cespi- Fic. 51.
tose. Cz/m 1o-20 cm. high, erect, trigonal, smooth. Carex incompta. Male
Peeavesspianewercet as long. as the culm, rough= and female spikes. (After
edged. Male sfike 1, rising from the base of the mane
uppermost female spike; female spikes 3-4, oblong-ovate (12 mm. long),
with longer bracts, all sessile. Ufvicle ovate, rostrum short, 2-cleft; scales
longer, ovate, red-brown, awned. (See C. fuscula.)
(Chili. )
22. C incurvA Light.
Style 2-cleft. Rhizome long or creeping. Cz/m to 10 cm. high,
strong, filiform-terete or compressed, trigonal upwards. Leaves approxi-
mate, subflexuous, narrow-linear, shorter than the culm, narrowing and
keeled upwards. Sfzke capituliform, naked, aggregate of short spikes,
8-15 mm. long, ovate, basitruncate. Scales yellow-brown, margins
hyaline, the bracteal scales mucronate. U¢vicle longer, vostrum acuminate,
mouth cleft.
(Orient; Eur.; Greenland); E. Fuegia (Dusén).
Var. HUMILIS.
Cespitose. Falklands.
23. C. INVOLUCRATA Boott.
Style 2-cleft. Roof cespitose, creeping. Cz/m 60 cm. tall, obtusely
trigonal, sulcate, leafy at base. Leaves erect, half as long as the culm;
3 mm. broad, plane, acuminate, edge spinulose. S#zke ovate, obtuse,
284 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
continuous, dense, 25 mm. long, androgynous, male at the top; with two
leafy reflexed bracts. Female scales broad, acute, keeled, mucronulate.
Utricle \onger than the scale, plano-convex, with long 2-toothed rostrum.
Achene lenticular-oval.
(Brazil); N. Patagon.
24. C. KURTZIANA Kiikenth.
Spikelets numerous, sexually mixed, apically male, subsessile, crowded
in an ovate-triangular “ead. Utricle 3 mm. broad, membranaceous, gla-
brous, ovoid, winged, subversely thick, stiped. Cz/m thick and smooth.
S. Patagon.; in moist hills by Carren-leoft. Very variable.
25. C. LECHLERI Phil. (non Steud.).
Style 2-cleft. Culm 30 cm. high, trigonal, naked above. Leaves much
shorter. SAzkes 4, approximate, ovate, erect; the uppermost one
androgynous, apically male; the others female, 7 mm. long; the lowest
peduncled. Svact scarcely sheathing, not as long as the spike. Scades
ovate, acute, castaneous, their midnerve green. U/*#vic/e compressed, obo-
vate-oblong, spinulose-ciliate, rostrum short.
Magellan.
26. C. LEPORINA Linn. (C. macloviana V'Urv., C. ovalis Good.)
Style 2-branched. Culms 30-45 cm. tall, slender, erect, rough above.
Leaves shorter, 2 mm. broad, flat. Svacts very short,
scale-like or none. Sfzkes 4-7, oblong, male at base,
10 by 6 mm., clustered in a terminal oblong head.
Utricle ovate-lanceolate, wing-margined ; its rostrum
tapering, long. Scades lanceolate, acute, brown, shorter
than the utricles.
(Eurasia; N. Amer.; Chili); S. Patagon., by RR.
Gallegos and Sta. Cruz; Falklands.
27. C. MAGELLANICA Lamk.
Carex magellanica, ¢¥¢@ 3-branched. oot from woody fibers. Cudm
Spike, female flower and 20 cm. high, slender, filiform upwards, rough. SAzkes
achene. (From Hore 3_4° androgynous» analesat thein basen sdark-purgies
antarctica. ) é
oblong, peduncled, nodding, bracteate, or the lowest
sheathed. U/vicles suborbicular, stipitate, mouth of rostrum entire; half
as long as the long scale. (Fig. 52.)
Fic. 52.
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACEA:. 285
(Iceland ; Arctic regions; W. Amer.; Chili); S. Patagon., near Carren-
leoft; Magell.; S. Fuegia.
(C. microglochin sub Uncinza.)
28. C. ORTEGA Phil.
Culm 22 cm. high, smooth, not cespitose. Leaves scarcely half as
long, filiform, smooth. #ract¢ terminal, 6 times as long as the apparently
lateral spike; sfzke subglobose, male above, female below. Femadle scales
ovate, castaneous, witha long leafy cusp. U¢vecles oblong, narrowing both
ways; rostrum bifid, with erect teeth. Achene orbicular, compressed,
black.
Fuegia (along with C. fuegzana).
29. C. PATAGONICA Speg. (Plate XII.)
Androgynous, acrandrous, monostachyous, 3-styled, glabrous, densely
cespitose. Leaves fasciculate, long, and finely filiform, erect. SAzkes
few-flowered, concealed amid the bases of the leaves, bracteolate, sub-
globose, pseudolateral, the bracts ovate-triangular, acute. U/fvicle finely
obovate, glabrous, 3 by 1 mm., with 3 divaricate stigmas. chenes
obovate, smooth, dorsally convex, ventrally plane, rufescent, sometimes
trigonous, depending on immaturity. Czd/ms from the center of the leaf-
fascicles, but scarcely rising above the leaf-sheaths, 5-15 mm. high by 0.3
mm. thick, glabrous. Leaves and bracts narrow-linear, green, acute, dor-
sally nervose, produced straight.
Patagon., in drains by Rio Chubut (Speg.); by Rio Sta. Cruz (Hatcher. )
30. C. PEDICELEATA Phil.
Style 2-branched. Cz/m 20 cm. high, sheathed at base by dead leaves.
Leaves as long, flat, smooth, 4 mm. broad, the penultimate culm-leaf
much exceeding the crowded, erect short sfzfes. Uppermost spike male,
three lower female. Sca/es oblong, obtuse, mid yellow, margin dark.
Utricle green, white at base, stalked, inflated.
W. Patagon.; Valley of Rio Pequena.
31. C. PROPINQUA Nees & Mey.
Style 2-cleft. Roof creeping. Leaves shorter than the culm, recurved,
trigonal, acuminate, scabrid. Compound sfzke short, ovate, dense,
286 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
having 5-6 ovate spikes, which are male at the base. Ufrvicles plano-
convex, ovate, with sharp denticulate angles. .Sca/es shorter, ovate-
oblong; vostrum acute, 2-toothed.
(Equat. Andes; Chili; Argent.); Patagon., Rio Sta. Cruz; Magellan ;
S. Fuegia. |
32. C. PSEUDOCYPERUS Linn.
Tristylous. Terminal made spike solitary, and 3-6 dense cylindrical
female spikes drooping on long pedicels. Cz/ms 60-90 cm. high, acute-
angled, glabrous, rough on the angles, at least above. Leaves nodulose,
5-10 mm. broad. Sracts leafy; the lowermost sometimes sheathing the
others without sheaths. Scales setaceous, scabrous.
Fruit oblong, very acuminate, ribbed. Rostrum bifid.
(Old World.) Patagonia; common in swamps near Rio Chubut; by
Lago Nahuel-huapi.
33. C. RIPARIA Curtis.
Style 3-cleft. Roof thick, creeping. Cw/m about 1 meter tall, acutely
trigonal, rough-edged. Leaves plane,. broad, rough-edged, acuminate.
Lracts leafy, exceeding the culm, their sheaths short. A/a/e spikes 3-5, at
top; about as many /emale spikes below, cylindrical, sometimes male
apically. Uv¢vicle ovate, tapering to a short 2-toothed vostrum. Scale
shorter, ovate-oblong, awned.
(Eur. and N. Am. Brit. & Br. i, 303); ‘‘common along water courses
in N. Patagon. to Buenos Ayres” (J. Ball). The form zuzcvassata, has
very long leaves, male spikes, a large terminal surrounded by small ones;
the scale having 7 confluent whitish nerves with interposed furrows on
the lower surface.
C. RIPARIA CHILENSIS Brongn.
Leaves very long, linear. ale spike solitary; female spikes ovate-
oblong. Scades lanceolate-subulate, longer than their utricles.
N. Patagon., mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusén.)
34. C. SCHEDONAUTOS Steud.
Style 2-cleft. Culm to 60 cm. tall, erect, trigonal, glabrous, with loose
leafless sheaths below, leafy above. Culm eaves plane, narrow-lanceolate,
rough-edged, with setaceous apex; sometimes exceeding the culm.
Spike-like crowd of alternate glomerules, 25 mm. long; male and andro-
MACLOSKIE: CYPERACE4. 287
gynous intermingled. Sca/es ovate, with excurrent midnerve, the lower
broad-lacerous, longer than the short glabrous w/¢vic/e with-2-cleft rostrum.
Achene trigonal, smooth.
Magellan, Oazy Bay.
35. C. SERRANO! Phil.
Styles 3. Culm? Leaves? Sracts very long, not sheathing, the low-
est 5 mm. broad. Sfzkes approximate, all but the lowest erect; 2 male,
5 female, the upper ones male at their apex. J/a/e scales lanceolate,
their center white; /emave scales longer and twice as broad. U‘vicles
firm, ovate-elliptical, acute both ways, compressed, margined, ventrally
flat and 2-nerved, dorsally 5-nerved, convex. 4chene red, ovate, acute,
compressed.
High up in W. Patagon. at 700 meters, partly snow-covered.
<-
36. C. simitis d’Urv. (1825). (C. curta Good.)
Culm triquetrous, strict, slightly scabrous. Leaves plane, linear, sub-
carinate, apex subulate. Sfzkes 6-rarely 8, androgynous, the lower part
male, sessile, alternate, elliptical; upper ones approximate. Sca/es ovate,
acutish, squarrose, with 1 green nerve. Fyvzzts ovate-lanceolate, scarcely
bidentate. Perennial. ‘Is decidedly the European C. curfa”’ (Stendel) ;
a synonym of C. canescens L. (Index Kewensis).
Fuegia, Basket Isle, Amakouaia, rare; Falklands.
37. C. SUBANTARCTICA Speg.
Diecious, distylous. Cz/ms low, angulate-terete, very sulcate, smooth ;
leaves as long or shorter, slightly coriaceous, very carinate, rather flat,
glaucescent-green, narrowing upwards toa blunt triquetrous point. Cylin-
draceous-fusoid male spike solitary, acrogenous, bractless, its scales
spatulate, obtuse, the lower subretuse, the upper rounded, often mucro-
nate, with a hyaline margin, subcarinately green. Stamens long-exsert.
Female spikes few; the primary one exsert, acrogenous on the culm,
the secondaries smaller at base of the culm, and almost concealed in
the leaves; their scales more acute and pale than in the males; w/vicles
subellipiical, subsessile, dorsally convex-concave, scarcely nervose, gla-
brous, abruptly ending in a long truncate toothless rostrum. Achene
plumbeous, punctulate, lenticular.
288 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
S. Patagon., in hills along Carren-leofi, and by Rio Sta. Cruz.
Rhizome deep, often sending up numerous branches; each culm bear-
ing about 20 leaves, about 3-9 cm. long.
38. C. TRICHODES Steud.
Stigmas 2, exsert. Culms many, erect, 10-15 cm. high, capillary-seta-
ceous, compressed-triangular, few-leaved above the base. Leaves flexu-
ose, setaceous, slightly longer than the culm, obtuse, serrulate. Sfzkes
ellipsoid, 4 by 3 mm., becoming subglobular, few-flowered. Scales 3-
nerved, keel green, sides brown; the upper acuminate-mucronate, the
3-2 lowest leafy, cusped. U~fvicles exceeding the scale, compressed, bi-
convex, their rostrum scabrid, their mouth 2-toothed.
(Chili); S. Fuegia, about Ushuaia.
204 GP TRIFIDALG@avV,
Style 3-cleft. Culm 60-90 cm. tall, robust, trigonal, erect, its apex
smooth. Sfzkes 6-8, erect, approximate, cylindric-ventricose; the 3 up-
permost male, sessile; the others female; the lowest stalked. The lowest
bract leafy, scabrid, exceeding the culm. Sca/es linear, brown-rusty, their
keel white, 3-nerved, irregularly emarginate. Ufricles obovate, abruptly
terminated by a cylindrical 2-cusped vostvum, with a white awn; attenu-
ate at base.
(New Zeal. ; Antipodes; Auckland and Chatham Is.); Magellan. Cape
Tres Montes; Falklands; Fuegia (Hariot).
‘““A noble species, growing with and emulating the young tussock-
grass.” That found in Fuegia has the awn on the scale short, and the
scale itself not bilobed.
C. TRIFIDA FRANCHETII Kurtz.
Differs from the typical species by having the sAzkes once or twice
smaller, the awzs much smaller; the wfvtcfe membranaceous, whitish,
more or less purple-marked; uppermost spike often apically female.
Fuegia, subalpine by Rio Grande on Beagle Channel.
40. C. UROLEPIS Franchet.
Style 2-cleft. Cuma meter or more high, robust, trigonal, two sides
concave, the angles scabrid. Leaves very long, to 10 mm. broad, rough-
MACLOSKIE: ARACE. 289
edged, upper ones auricled but not sheathing. Sfzkes 10-15, the 2-4
uppermost male; the lower androgynous or female except their apex;
often with pairs pendulous; the lower peduncled. Sca/es fuscous, white
dorsally, ovate-lanceolate, their point recurved, scabrid. U/vicles ovate,
3-5-nerved; vostrum conspicuous, 2-toothed. Low-
est spike 8-9 cm. long, becoming 1 cm. thick.
(Fig. 53.)
(Near C. darwintt Boott, but more robust and
rigid. Points of the scales much prolonged, and
utricles proportionately longer.)
S. Patagon., Otway L., Puerto Bono, Port Eden.
41. C. VULGARIS Fries.
Digynous. Terminal sfekelets, 1-2, male; the
others, 3-4, female. Rostrum toothless. Leaves
slender, their sheaths not filamentous. Cz/m erect, \:
trigonal, obtuse-angled, 30cm. or more high. Lower Carex urolepis. Spike,
spike shortly stalked; lower bract leafy, with short, male flower, and utricle.
round, dark auricles. Sca/es elliptic to ovate-obtuse. 4%" Pract)
Utricle plano-convex, elliptic, or obtuse, with filiform nerves upwards.
Rostrum toothless.
(Old World); Patagon., in watery places by Rio Chubut and Carren-
leofu.
Family 12. ARAcEaz.
Mostly herbs, with simple or compound usually basal eaves, often veiny,
and moncecious, or sometimes dicecious or hermaphrodite fowers on a
simple sfad7x, usually surrounded bya sfathe, and usually wethout periantn.
Fruit often a berry, with erect, orthotropous embryo.
Species 900, most tropical; some in temperate regions, (in Australia,
not reported from New Zeal.).
PISTIA Linn.
Floating, stemless, pubescent, stoloniferous, with fibrous roots. Leaves
rosulate, sessile, obovate-cuneate, with fan-like nerves. SAathe small,
white, plicate on both sides, half embracing the base of the ovary, with
an open cucullate limb. Sfadzx not appendaged, with a solitary apical,
290 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2-staminate male flower and a solitary female flower at its base, dorsally
adnate to the spathe.
Only species:
P. STRATIOTES Linn.
In tropical fresh-water ponds and streams. From Texas by W. Indies
and Central Amer. to Argentina and Patagonia. (Not in Australia or the
Pacific Is.)
(Pigv in: Eng. & Prantl) i} -3; p153)}
Family 13. Lemnacea. Duckweed.
Minute floating plants without differentiation of leaf and stem, con-
sisting, in the active stage, of a loosely cellular /vozd, with or without roots,
and extending by lateral branching, the new fronds soon separating.
Reproduction by minute wwzsexual flowers immersed, mostly with a deli-
cate sfathe in the brood-pouch. J/ale flowers 1-2, having 1 stamen;
Semale flower 1, with 1 carpel and 1-few seeds, having endosperm.
Species 28, widely distributed.
A. Frond with roots and 2 reproductive pouches.
6, Roots usually more than 1, fascicled. Anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Spirodela.
62. Root solitary. Anthers dehiscing transversely. Lemna.
Az. Frond rootless and nerveless, with 1 reproductive pouch.
6, Frond thick, subglobular. Wolffia.
62. Frond thin, elongated. Wolffiella,
I. SPIRODELA Schleiden.
Stipe fixed peltately under the frond; voofs more than 1. Reproductive
pouches 2, as cleft openings at base of the frond; sfathes sac-like. Au-
thers 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence. Ovules 2, rarely 1.
S. PUNCTATA (Meyer sub Lemua) Thompson.
Frond solitary to 2-4, cohering ina chain, elliptical to reniform, aver-
aging 2.5 by 1.4 mm., obscurely 3-nerved, convex above, punctate with
brown pigment-cells. SAathes with flowers protruding ; 2 staminate and
1 pistillate flowers on the spadix. Fv/aments long; fruits short, broad,
with wings. Seed 1.
Orange Harbor, near Cape Horn, collected by the Wilkes Exploring
Expedition, 1839, and forwarded by the courtesy of Professor B. L. Rob-
MACLOSKIE: LEMNACEA. 291
inson, of the Gray Herbarium, for identification by Professor C. H. Thomp-
son, Missouri Botanic Garden. (See also Thompson in Report of Missouri
Bot. Gard. 1897.) It occurs also in British Guiana.
2. LEMNA Linn. Duckweed.
Frond disk-shaped, with a central nerve, and sometimes also with 2-4
lateral nerves ; with one rootlet usually ending in a blunt rootcap. Frwzt
ovoid, ribbed. -
Species 7,in temp. and trop. regions. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 366.)
Hatcher informs us that ‘‘Duckweed is abundant in the waters”’ of S.
Patagonia.
IeeleeGIbeA, Linn,
Frond unsymmetrical, minute, thickish or gibbous underneath, 3-5-
nerved. Ovz/es 2-6, anatropous ; seeds deeply and unequally ribbed.
Cosmopolitan ; in quiet waters of Chili ; probably also in Patagon.
2. L. MINOR Linn.
Frond thickish, obovate or orbicular, sometimes purplish, with 3-5
lateral nerves. Ovz/e 1, orthotropous ; seed 12-15-ribbed.
Distribution as the preceding ; in pools near Rio Chubut.
3. L. vaLpiviana Phil.
Frond oblong-elliptical, thin, short-stalked, nerveless. Seed 20-ribbed.
(N. and S. Amer., Chili) ; Argentina.
gay OV PEIE CICA Heveimaier.
(C. H. Thompson in Missouri Bot. Gard., 9th Annual Report, 1897.)
Wolfia and Wolfiella agree in being rootless, nerveless, leafless, with
a terminal reproductive pouch, from which arise sessile branches which
soon become separate fronds. The fronds of Wolfia proper are sub-
globular; those of Wolffella are elongated, very thin and punctate, with
brown pigment-cells. /AVowers and fruit of Wolfieva are unknown.
Species 4, warm parts of Amer.
W. GLADIATA Hglm.
Frond about 6 times as long as broad, widest at the deeply excavated
reproductive pouch. (Fig.in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 3, p. 154, XK.)
(Mexico ; Argentina) ; probably in N. Patagon.
292 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Family 14. ReEsTIONACEA.
Perennial, cespitose or rhizomatous herbs with cyperaceous or reduced
herbage and mostly dicecious flowers in spikelets like Cyperacee, but with
juncaceous perianth. /emadle spikelets occasionally having only 1 flower.
Stamens mostly 3, and represented by staminodes in the female flowers.
Anthers often 1-celled. Ovary 1—3-celled; cells 1-seeded; seeds ortho-
tropous, with small edryo and large endosperm.
Species 230, most in S. W. Africa and Austral.; few in N. Zeal.; fewer
in the Orient; and 1 in Chili, etc.
LEPTOCARPUS R. Br. (Schenodon Labill. p. p.)
Rhizome creeping. Leaf-sheaths not deciduous. Deczous (rarely
moncecious), 3-merous, rarely 2-merous. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Fruit dehiscing on the angles, or indehiscent. SAzke/e¢s many-flowered ; —
the female rarely 1-flowered. .Sca/es imbricating.
Species 21, in S. Afr. and Austr. and stragglers in the Orient, N.
Zeal. and S. Amer.
L. CHILENSIS Gay (Steud. sub Ca/opsis).
Root fibrous, cespitiferous, subsarmentose. Cz/ms erect, strict, simple,
nearly 1 meter high, glabrous; the sheaths leafless, in pairs mutually em-
bracing, obtuse, mucronulate, at length cleft, fuscescent. Apical sfzkes
numerous, the lower remote, smaller or none; sfzkelets bracteolate.
Bracts oblong-ovate, mostly bifid, somewhat rusty. Sefals of female
flowers narrow, the outer obovate, mucronate. St#gmas 3; ovary
triquetrous.
(Chili); W. Patagon.
Family 15. CENTROLEPIDACE&.
Small moss-like or grass-like herbs, with perfect or polygamous ses-
sile, hypogynous flowers in glumaceous spikelets; without Aerianth;
stamens 1-2, with I versatile anther. Ovavy 1-3-locular, each locule with
1 pendulous orthotropous ovzle. Seeds with subfarinaceous endosperm.
Species 30, in southern Australia; with stragglers in the Orient, Tas-
mania, N. Zeal., Auckland I., and Antarctic America.
MACLOSKIE: BROMELIACE. 293
GAIMARDIA Gaudich.
Moss-like perennials, with 2-merous flowers, in 2-flowered sAckelets, on
a terminal peduncle. Leaves imbricate, distichous on branching stems.
G. AUSTRALIS Gaud. (Figs. G-¥in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 4, p. 12.)
Leaves subulate-triquetrous, sheathing at base.
Falklands; Fuegia. W. Magellan, forming peat. (G. sefacea Hook. f.
in New Zeal.)
G. PUSILLA Gaud.
Small, moss-like. S/em erect, subfastigiate, branching above, densely
leafy. Leaves imbricate, subulate-triquetrous, sheathing at base. Branches
sparse, leafy, ending in a solitary, 1-flowered sfzhele/.
Fuegia; turf-mosses, especially on the mountains.
Family 16. Bromettacea#. Pine-apple.
Lpiphytic herbs (or some tropical, terrestrial plants), with mostly scurfy,
narrow, sheathing /eaves, trimerous, regular flowers with double Jerzantns,
the inner petaloid, and 6 stamens. Ovary inferior or superior, 3-locular ;
style 1; stigmas 3. Seeds numerous.
Species goo, in warm countries.
1. TILLANDSIA Linn. Hanging-moss.
Epiphytes with narrow, entire /eaves, perianth-leaves free or nearly so;
stamens, all or three of them hypogynous. Cafsu/e septicidal.
Species 350, American.
Tee eANDICOLASG db
Leafy stem to 7 cm. long, flexuous, with about 20 sheathing, distichous
Jeaves, which are coriaceous, subterete from a lanceolate, clasping base ;.
2-5 cm. by 1.5 mm.; leaves and 1-flowered peduncles covered by fine
scales. Sefa/s naked, lanceolate, ribbed.
(Andes of Mendoza.) May be in N. Patagon.
2. T. coarctaTa (Gill.) Mez. (7: dryordes Gris. p. p.)
Dwarf, like club-moss; stem 5—7 cm. long, cespitose, densely leafy.
Leaves 8-12 mm., short, flexuose, erect, imbricate, linear-acuminate, scurfy.
Peduncle 1-flowered. Stamens deeply included within the minute petals,
294 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
the fower partly.concealed by the uppermost leaves, supported by a 1-
nerved bractlet. Avacts lanceolate, shorter than the sepals. Sefa/s united
at base. Limb of fefa/s minute, shortly exceeding the calyx. Capsule 3
times as long.
(Argentina) ; epiphytic or on rocks.
T. COARCTATA PEDICELLATA.
Scape more or less manifest, tall and naked.
(Solinia; Argentina); N. Patagonia.
T. MYOSURA Gris.
Stems thickish, divided from a woody base, leafy; to 15 cm. tall. Leaves
with dilated sheaths, rather remote, distichous, linear, attenuate, canalic-
ulate-convolute, acuminate, tip recurved, scaly above the middle. /e-
duncles axillary or terminal, as long as the stems, exsert. Inflorescence
1—5-flowered, distichous. vractlefs longer than the 3-leaved calyx, ex-
ceeding the internodes, sefa/s not united, Pefa/-claws as long as the calyx;
lamina deltoid, violet when dry, one fourth as long. Stamens deeply
included, slightly exceeding the style.
(Bolivia, near Mendoza); at Lago Narraco, Patagonia.
3. T. RETORTA Gris: (7: nappi darwin L. & N.)
Stems short, densely cespitose, leafy, branching above, 7 cm. tall.
Leaves with dilated sheath, rather remote, distichous, linear-acuminate,
convolute, recurved and apex incurved, lepidote-scaly. Peduncles naked,
axillary, equalling the leaf, 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered. Calyx 3-leaved,
nearly as long as the bracteole, 2-3 times shorter than the capsule.
Petals minute; stamens deeply included, slightly exceeding the style.
. (Argentina; Bolivia); N. Patagon.
(Mez. resolves 7: dryordes Gris. into 2 species, one 7. coarctata Gill.,
the other 7: polytrichoides Mez. found in Brazil and Argentina.)
2. BASCICULCARTASMez:
flowers hermaphrodite. Sefa/s free, carinate, lepidote-tomentose.
Petals free to the base, at anthesis slightly patent only at the tips, other-
wise erect, fleshy, apically rounded, and with 2 small ligules inside near
the base. Stamens free; anthers long; pollen-grains globular, not sul-
MACLOSKIE: JUNCACEA. 295
cate. Ovary inferior, with manifest epigynous tube. St#gmas leafy.
Fruit an indehiscent berry. Ovz/es few, globose. Terrestrial stemless
herbs, having the leaves armed with marginal spines.
F. LirorALis Mez. (Phil. sub Rhodostachys).
Leaves glabrate above, with small dense appressed pallid scales under-
neath. Jzflorescence rather many-flowered, terminal. vacts broadly
elliptical, acute, exceeding the flowers. Sefa/s oblong-lanceolate, the
apex acuminate-mucronate.
(Chili); W. Patagon. (?)
Family 17. Juncacke#. Rush Family.
Usually tufted grass-like herbs, or with subulate /eaves , with small, regu-
lar flowers, often panicled; Aevzanth 6-parted, its tepals dry, persistent ;
stamens 3, or 6, rarely 4 or 5; ovary superior, 3-carpellary, 1- or 3-locular;
style 1. /vuet capsular; seeds 3 or more, rarely only 1.
Species 200, cosmopolitan, mostly in moist places.
Kery TO THE GENERA.
A, Flowers solitary, terminal, rather large.
6, Leaf subtending flowers small, bract-like. Flowers 2-4 cm. long. Seeds scobiform.
1. Marsippospermum, p. 295.
62. Leaf subtending the flowers exceeding them ; upper bracts equalling the flowers. Seeds
obovate. 2. Rostkovia, p. 296.
Az. Flowers numerous, usually small. Perianth glumaceous.
6. Leaf-sheaths open. Capsules many-seeded. 3. Juncus, p. 296.
26, Leaf-sheaths closed. Capsule 3-seeded. 4. Juncoides (Luzula), p. 301.
(Destichia, with dicecious flowers and closely imbricating 2-ranked leaves,
is in the Bolivian Andes, reaching to the snow-line.)
1. MARSIPPOSPERMUM Desv.
Rush-like ; cv/m 3 cm. long, terminally 1-flowered, surrounded by basal
leaves, of which 1-2 are cylindric with short spout-like blade, the others
are like barren culms. Pev:anth-/eaves linear, the inner smaller. Fyvzzt
ovoid, 3-locular, parchment-like. Seeds with fine testa, appendaged at
base.
Species 2 (AZ. gracele Buch. in N. Zeal.).
296 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
M. GRANDIFLORUM (Hook. f. sub Rostkovia).
Creeping. Czlm rigid, terete, naked; eaves similar, but thicker and
longer. /Vower solitary, large, 3-bracted. evianth-leaves \inear, acute-
subulate, slightly pungent, unequal; anthers long, 2-cusped, filaments
short.
W. Patagon.; Magellan ; Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falklands. Common
in woody regions and swamps, to 400 m. high (Dusén); used for weav-
ing into baskets (J. D. Hook.).
2. ROSTKOVIR@ Des,
Rush-like, having a naked culm, often sheathed, and with one linear or
terete leaf. Flower solitary, terminal, its perianth-leaves distinct. Ovary
1-locular ; capsule globular-oblong, many-seeded.
Only I species, viz. :
R. SPHAROCARPA Desv. (&. magellanica Hook. f.).
Rootstock not creeping. Culm 15-30 cm. high, compressed. Radical
leaves plane, glabrous, sheathing and exceeding the culm. evzanth-
Jeaves subequal, linear, acute, scarious-margined, as long as the capsule.
Flower subtended by a long bract. (Fig. 6 in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5, p. 6).
S. Patagon., Cordilleras (J. B. Hatcher; in fruit Feb. 15, 1897) in the
rainy wood-region (Dusén) ; Fuegia to Cape Horn and Campbell’s I.
Rare in the steppes.
R. SPHASROCARPA PUMILA Alboff. (sub v. R. magellanica pumila).
Small, 5-7 cm. high. Leaves longer. Perianth-leaves shorter, less
acute. Style long.
Alpine, by Rio Grande near Ushuaia.
2. JU NCUSSEinn we husi
Chiefly glabrous perennials, with scape-like culms, leaf-sheaths open at
one side, leaf-blades terete or grass-like. Flowers variously panicled,
often 1-sided. Seeds several, sometimes with tails.
Species 150, most in N. Temperate zone.
KrY TO THE SPECIES.
A, Lowest leaf of the inflorescence terete, like a continuation of the stem, with a seemingly lat-
eral inflorescence.
6. Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly. Stamens 6.
MACLOSKIE: JUNCACEA:. 297
c. Tepals green, acute, as long as the capsule. Siliformis.
c2. Tepals with 2 chestnut stripes. balticus.
c3. Tepals brown-margined. leseurit.
62. Flowers non-braceolate, inserted in heads on branches of the inflorescence. Tepals green.
maritimus.
Az. Lowest leaf of inflorescence not continuing the stem. Inflorescence seeming terminal.
6. Leaf-blade flat or terete, not septate internally.
c. Flowers bracteolate, not in heads.
d. Inflorescence terminal, flowers remote, unilateral. bufonius.
d2. Flowers solitary in the axils, stamens 5-6. depauperatus.
a3. Inflorescence decompound ; stamens 6. graminifolius.
c2. Flowers in heads, not bracteolate ; fruit 1-celled.
d. Stamens 6. dombeyanus.
d2. Stamens 3. planifolius.
62. Leaf-blades terete or flat, internally septate, not channeled above base. Tepals equal.
c. Erect, 20 cm. Cyme with 1-leaved involucre, with sessile glomerules.
mucrocephalus.
c2. Low, 40 mm. Spikes in pairs. Leaves filiform. scheuchzertoides.
63. Leaf-blade subulate, internally septate, channeled half way. Sstipularis.
A3. Leaf-blade semiterete, sulcate, rigid. Inflorescence depauperate, terminal; bract thrice
longer. chamussonis,
A4. Leaves flat. Culm erect, compressed. Panicle lax. Annual. Tepals equal.
cyperotdes.
As. Sheaths leafless. Culm compressed. Cyme lateral, diffuse. Tepals narrow, the outer
longer. mexicanus.
A6o. Tall, 60 cm. Cyme with outer rays long. Tepals ovate, inner obtuse, outer acute.
Leafless. procerus,
1. J. acurus Linn. Great Sharp Sea-rush.
Barren cu/ms and outer dracts pungent. Panicle very compound,
dense; clusters 2-4-flowered. Pevzanth-leaves half as long as the large,
broad-ovate, acuminate, glossy-brown capsule; inner 3 with a broad
membranous border at the apex.
(Eur., Brazil) ; Patagon., in salines near Carmen de Patagones.
Panicle more contracted than in the type.
Zee EALTICUSeLInn,
Rhizome creeping. Culm ‘30-60 cm., stiff, often prickly at top, obscurely
striate. Pith continuous. /awzcle erect, branched. Zefa/s subequal,
ovate-lanceolate, very acute, as long as the elliptical, scarcely trigonous,
obtuse, mucronate capsule. Szamens 6.
(Eurasia and Amer., chiefly near the sea) ; (Argentina) ; Patagon., along
hioeota Cniz,.and Rio Chubut.
298 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. J. BUFONIUS Linn.
Annual, with fibrous cespitiferous roots. Ca/ms 7-25 cm., diffuse,
mostly simple, leafy. Leaves plane, subsetaceous, channeled. /n/lores-
cence terminal, of 3-4 long, unequal, simple or bifid rays; flowers remote,
solitary, unilateral; the upper fasciculate. 7efa/s narrow, acuminate,
exceeding the oblong capsule.
(Old and New Worlds; Tasmania; Australia); Patagon., by Rio Sta.
Cruz.
J. BUFONIUS VIRIDESCENS Buch.
Tepals longer.
At Rawson, Patagon.
4. J. CHAmissonis Kunth.
Culms cespitose, erect, rigid, sulcate-striate, leafy towards base. Leaves
semi-terete, dorsally sulcate-striate, internally slightly canaliculate, rigid,
shorter than the culm. J#florescence terminal, depauperate, biradiate,
with a floral leaf thrice longer. //owers about 4 in the ray, unilateral,
6-staminate. 7efals ovate-oblong, acute, the inner slightly shorter.
Capsule ovate-oblong, obtuse, muticous, triangular upwards; just exceed-
ing the tepals.
(Chili) ; N. Patagon., not rare in meadows near Carmen de Patagones.
5. J. CYPEROIDES Laharp.
Culm erect, 10-12 cm., compressed, with 3-6 nodes. Leaves plane,
flaccid, subnervose, on culms, 3-5. Panicle erect, compound, rather lax.
Spikes 6—-10-flowered. 7Zefals equal, linear-lanceolate, acute, shorter
than the subpyramidal triquetrous capsule. Annual.
ios Amer.) ; Chubut, common in hills near Carren-leoft.
6. J. DEPAUPERATUS Phil. (‘% mandont Buch.)
Densely cespitose. Calm 3-4 cm., low, stoloniferous, procumbent,
apex erect. Leaves alternate, sheathing, the sheaths with ovate-obtuse
auricles; blades 20 mm. long, channeled on upper face, hollow, not sep-
tate. //owers solitary in the axils, naked, bractless; petiole 6 mm.
7epals 3-nerved, margins thin; inner broader than outer. Stamens 5-6,
shorter than tepals. Ovary orbicular-trigonal, 1-locular, many-seeded.
(Bolivia, per Gray Herbarium; Chili) ; S. Patagon., Coy Inlet (Hatcher);
E. Fuegia (Dusén).
MACLOSKIE: JUNCACEA. 299
7. J. DOMBEYANUS J. Gay. (¥ fallescens Lam. p. p.)
Stout; 45 cm. high. Cudm and leaves compressed-terete, nodulose.
Panicle compound, rather dense; heads many, 8-10-flowered, globose;
flowers large, tepals castaneous, lanceolate, acute, exceeding the oblong,
mucronulate, black, shining capsule; stamens 6.
(Peru); S. Patagon.
8. J. FILIFORMIS Linn.
Culm slender, filiform, valleculate. S*eaths radical, leafless. /uflores-
cence scarcely compound, 5-7-flowered. Lower évac¢ basilar. Upper
generally mucroniferous. /vuztspherical-ovate, obtuse, 3-septate. Seea’s
tailless.
(Arctic-alpine of Eurasia-America, N. Zeal.) Patagonia, by R. Sta.
Cruz.
g. J. GRAMINIFOLIUS E. Mey.
‘Small, glaucous with branching, leafy ca/m. Leaves striate, nerveless,
the upper exceeding the decompound inflorescence. Zefa/s equal, lance-
acuminate, shorter than the trigonal-elliptical, mucronate, 1-locular capsude.
Stamens 6.
(Chili) ; Chonos Archipel.
10. J. LESEURII Bol.
Rootstock matted. Svems leafless and scape-like, sheathed at base.
Panicles sessile, seemingly lateral, large; scape soft or hollow; spathe
exceeding the panicle. flowers somewhat secund. Zefa/s 5-6 mm.,
lanceolate-acuminate, brown-margined. Stamens 6, anthers exceeding
the filaments. Capsule brown, oblong-ovate, acute, not beaked, nor ex-
ceeding the tepals. Seeds rather smooth, ovate, obtuse.
(California); W. Patagon.; in marshes by Carren-leofu.
II. J. MARITIMUS Lam. Lesser Sharp Sea-rush.
Cu/ms naked with basal sheaths. Leaves terete, not septate, 45-60 cm.,
shorter than the culms. Zyrse decompound, erect, with many flowers
in the dichotomies of the rays. Zefa/s equal, lanceolate, acute, as long
as the elliptical, mucronate capsule. Stamens 6. Testa of seed sacculate
at both ends.
(Cosmopol., Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 384); Patagon. (Hatcher), the tepals
acuminate, not mucronate, and castaneous in the center.
300 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
12. J. MExICANUS Willd. (F compressus H. B. & K.)
Root creeping, compressed. Cz/ms cespitose, 4-5 cm., striate, glabrous,
erect, compressed. Sheaths leafless, acute, pallid-fuscescent. Cyme lat-
eral, branching diffuse. Zefa/s lanceolate, acutely subulate, outer ones
slightly longer. Sty/e long. Capsz/e triquetrous-oblong, acutish, equal-
ling the sepals.
(S. Amer., Mexico); S. Patagon., in Isle Pavon, Rio Sta. Cruz, and
Rio Chico near Chonkenk-aike.
13. J. MICROCEPHALUS H. B. & K.
Creeping cespitiferous root. Cz/m terete, erect, 20-25 cm., leafy. Leaves
terete, articulate, glabrous. Inflorescence terminal, cymose, with a I-
leaved involucre, resembling the leaves but much shorter. Flowers capi-
tately crowded in sessile glomerules. 7efa/s acuminate-cuspidate, sub-
equal, exceeding the outer trigonal obtuse capsule. Varies in height of
culm and size of inflorescence.
(S. Amer.); N. Patagon., common in wet places near Carmen de
Patagones.
14. J. PLANIFOLIUS Brown.
Cespitose. Calm 25-45 cm. high, leafless. Leaves numerous, flat,
grass-like, 2-7 mm. broad, shorter than the culm, with long imbricating
2-ranked sheaths. 7yrse terminal; bracts small, or 1-2 leafy. Globular
clusters of brown flowers at base and ends of the branches. TZefads 2
mm. long, acute. Stamens 3. Capsu/e mucronate, equalling the tepals.
Seeds numerous, ovoid, small.
(New Zeal.; Austral.; Chili); N. Patagon.
J. PLANIFOLIUS DEmISsuS Steud.
Culm leafy below, naked above, 10-15 cm. high, 1-several-headed.
Leaves herbaceous, plane, lanceolate, shorter than the culm. Sefads sub-
equal, the outer acute, the inner obtuse. Stamens 6. Seeds ovate, minute.
Valdivia; W. Patagon.
15. J. PROCERUS E. Mey.
Leafiess (2). Scape smooth, soft (exceeding 60 cm.), finely striate, with
dense pith. /nflorescence subdecompound, subcymose, the lower rays
MACLOSKIE: JUNCACEA. 301
very long. Zepals ovate, outer ones acute, inner ones slightly shorter,
obtuse, mucronulate, scarcely exceeding the triquetrous-ovate, obtuse
capsule.
(Chili); Chubut, in wet mountain places near Rio Carren-leofu.
16. J. SCHEUCHZERIOIDES Gaudich.
Rhizome jointed, long, rufescent. Culm low (25-50 mm.), basally
clothed with sheaths and leaves. Leaves filiform, jointed, exceeding the
culm. Sfzkes in pairs, terminal, 3—5-flowered, 2-bracted. 7Zefa/s equal,
ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, equalling the subglobose, obtusely trigonal,
mucronate capsule. Stamens 6, anthers usually exceeding the filaments.
Falklands; S. Patagon., in saline marshes along R. Deseado, and R.
Sta. Cruz; Fuegia. (New Zealand ?)
J. SCHEUCHZERIOIDES INCONSPICUUS Hook. (¥ ¢uconsficuus d’'Urv.)
Small, scarcely 25 mm. high, densely cespitose; heads 1-—3-flowered.
Falklands; Navarino I., Fuegia; S. Patagon., at Coy Inlet (O. A.
Peterson, on pampas, Nov. 15, 1896).
17. J. STIPULARIS Nees & Mey. (¥. dzflorus Phil.)
Culm 5-10 cm. high, leafy, with ligulate, broad-margined sheaths.
Leaves subulate, jointed by cross septa, equalling the culm. ranches
of thyrse erect, 2-3-headed, the heads as large as a pea, 2—4-flowered,
bracted. 7Zefals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the obovate,
apically trigonal capsule. Anthers shorter than the filaments.
(Chili) ; Magellan (Dusén); N. Patagon., along Rio Negro.
4. JUNCOIDES Adans. (1763. Luzula DC. 1805.)
Perennial, grass-like herbs, glabrous or sparingly cobwebby, the stems
leafy, with closed leaf-sheaths. /vowers bracteolate, usually umbelloid or
panicled. Capsule 1-locular, 3-seeded ; seeds not tailed.
Species 40, widely distribted.
1. J. ALOPEcURUS (Desv.).
Cespitose. Leaves plane, hairy on margin. /awzcle contracted, glom-
erate, ovate-pyramidal, villous, erect. Bvacts long, fimbriate-ciliate, subu-
lately awned. 7Zefa/s ovate-lanceolate, narrow, subulate, dorsally fusces-
Ef
302 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
cent; the inner longer, carinate, awned, fimbriate, twice as long as the
round, triangular, obtuse capsude. ;
Magellan and S. Patagon., mouth of Rio Gallegos (Dusén), pampas at
Coy Inlet (O. A. Peterson). Fuegia, Ushuaia to Cape Horn; Falklands.
2. J. ANTARCTICUM (Hook. f. sub Lazada).
Small, cespitose. Calm 5 cm. high, slender, filiform, arcuate or erect.
Leaves broad-linear-subulate, ciliate at the base. Panzcle small, ovoid,
woolly, nodding; bracteoles and /efa/s subequal, the margins hyaline,
lacerate, scarious above, colored below. Capsu/ée elliptical, half as long
as the tepals. St#zgmas 3, sessile-filiform.
Magellan and W. Magellan (Dusén) ; to high altitudes; S. Fuegia to
Cape Horn.
Tepals larger than in ¥. alopecurus.
3. J. PATAGONICUM (Speg. sub Lazzla).
Stem 20-40 cm. high, fistulous, its base fasciculate-leafy, 1 leaf at its
midpart, the /eaves grass-like, subglabrous, with callous apex. Jn/lo-
vescence erect; sfzkes short and thick, more or less remote. Zefa/s sub-
equal, the outer 3 lanceolate, awned, membranous, fuscous, the inner 3
obtusely acute, subhyaline. vat trigonal-ovate, just exceeding the
perianth.
S. Patagon., by Lago Argentino. (By J. B. Hatcher in S. Patagon.,
only 10 cm. high.)
4. J. pumiLuM (Hook. sub Lzzzla).
Small, densely tufted, nearly glabrous, 30-60 cm. high. Leaves slen-
der, shorter than culms, 12-25 mm. long, linear-subulate, obtuse, coria-
ceous, convex on back. Cum naked, 25-50 mm. Flowers in a small,
- 4-10-flowered head, 2mm.long. S#vracts ovate, the edges ragged. Tepals
subulate or lanceolate, long-acuminate, chestnut-brown, twice as long as
the black capsule.
(New Zeal., alpine); Fuegia.
5. J. RACEMosuM (Desv. sub Luzz/a).
Root fibrous, bulbous-thickened, cespitose. Cu/m 30-70 cm. high,
erect, leafy. Leaves plane or somewhat canaliculate, linear, acuminate,
.
MACLOSKIE: LILIACEAE. 303,
their sheaths pilose-margined. Panzc/es nodding, consisting of spike-like
racemes. Svracts ciliate. 7efals ovate-oblong, red-castaneous, the outer
acute-mucronate, exceeding the acute, round-trigonal capsule. Stamens
generally 3.
(S. Amer.) ; S. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
6. J. sprcatum (DC. sub Lwzzla).
Plants rarely exceeding 15-20 cm. high, densely cespitose. Leaves
generally distinctly canaliculate. Inflorescence of simple outline or
lobate ; spikes short, thickish, mostly nodding. /AVowers 2.5-3 mm. long,
variegated. Zefa/s castaneous, white-margined above. Stamens 6.
(Eur., N. Amer., alpine and arctic); Patagon. (On pampas near Coy
filet, j. B. Hatcher. 25 cm. high; panicle dense, ovate, erect. Scape
with 3 leaf-like bracts near the panicle.) -
Pamilyetseplenaaces. Lily Family.
Herbs, usually with bulbs or corms, rarely woody plants. lowers
usually hypogynous, regular, perfect and showy. /erzanth leaves 6, occa-
sionally 4, similar, usually not united; stamens of the same number,
inserted on the base of the perianth; azthers mostly extrorse. Ovary
mostly 3-celled; style 1, stigma 3-lobed. Seeds many, in 2 rows in each cell.
L:moryo in the axis of copious endosperm.
Species 1,300, widely distributed.
Kry To THE GENERA.
A. Herbs, all with radical or basal leaves.
b. Flowers umbellate, when not solitary on the scape.
c. Style 3-branched. Seeds few. 1. Allium, p. 304.
c2. Stigma 3-lobed. Seeds numerous. Perianth united below into a tube, funnelform
to campanulate. 2. Brodiea, p. 304.
¢3. Stigma 3-lobed. Seeds numerous. Perianth united below, salver-shaped, often with
scales in the throat. : 3. Tristagma, p. 306.
62. Flowers paniculately racemose. Ovary 1-celled. Polygamo-dicecious.
4. Astelia, p. 307.
Az. Branching shrubs.
6. Leaves 3-several-nerved, but not reticulate. Flowers pediceled, white. Perianth-leaves
subequal. 5. Callixene, p. 307.
62. Leaves reticulately veined, and
¢. I-nerved. Flowers nearly sessile, large, pink. Perianth-segments unequal, the inner
much larger. 6. Philesia, p. 308.
c2. 3-5-nerved. Flowers very large, on slender pedicels ; perianth-segments subequal.
Climbing. 7, Lapageria, p. 309.
304 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Ip eA LOM elma:
Bulbous herbs, with garlic odor, linear, sheathing, usually basal /eaves,
and simple, erect scape, bearing a bracted wmbe/ of flowers ; some of the
flowers in some species becoming bulbils. Ovary with 1-6 seeds in each
cell; sty/e shortly 3-branched.
Species 275; chiefly extratropical in the Northern Hemisphere.
A. BONARIENSE Griseb.
Bulb 8 mm. diameter. Scape 7-12 cm. Leaves nearly 1 mm. broad.
Umbels 3-5-flowered; ferranth 8 mm. long, yellow (externally purplish
when dry). /ervzanth-leaves distinct. Sty/e twice as long as the ovary.
Cells of ovary 6—10-ovulate.
(Uruguay); N. Patagon.
2. BRODLZA Smith. (Including 77/eleca Lindl).
Corm more or less coated. Leaves all radical, large. Scape simple,
bearing a terminal umbel, or 1-flowered. evéanth funnel- to bell-shaped,
its leaves subequal. Stamens on the tube, 6, or 3 of them barren; fila-
ments short; azthers introrse. Style filiform, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule
oblong in the marcescent perianth. Seeds numerous, black, often com-
pressed.
Species 30, chiefly from Calif. to Chili. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5, p.
57-) Subgenus 77zfe/eia has staminal circle of unequal height, filaments
filiform, all antheriferous.
1. B. AMEGHINOI Speg. (=77istagma ameghinot Speg.).
2. B. aurEA (Baker sub AZ//a).
Bulb globose, about 10 mm. diameter, tunicate. Leaves 6-8, fleshy,
synanthic, filiform, 8 cm. long. Scafes 1-3, erect, 5-10 cm. long. Valves
of spathe 2, lanceolate, basiconnate. Umdbels 2-6-flowered; pedicels 14
mm. long. /ervzanti 10-12 mm. long, saffron-colored, its segments ob-
long, spatulate, spreading, 3—-4-times as long as the short tube. Stamens
slightly 2-seriate from the throat. Ovary sessile, cells 5-6-ovuled. Style
3 mm. long.
(Argentina); Patagonia.
MACLOSKIE: LILIACEA. 305
3. B. LuzuLa (Speg.) Macl. (Luzula fatagonica Speg.) (Pl. Pat.
austr. n. 366.)
Perennial, with fistulous stem, leafy at base, with a single leaf midway,
and grassy, subglabrous, acute leaves at top. /uflorescence erect, with short,
thick sAzkes, rather remote. 7Zepa/s subequal, 3 external, lanceolate-awned,
3 internal, obtusely acute. Stamens 6, all antheriferous. /vuzt trigonal-
ovate.
Patagonia, through its dry parts from Rio Chubut to Rio Gallegos,
varying in height, and in the perigonial lobes having broad or narrow
margins, and in the varying length of the pedicels.
B. LUZULA ANGUSTILOBA (Speg.).
Larger than the species, the Jeazce/s equalling or surpassing the bracts,
and having larger perigonium, its albescent tube with 5 green vitta, and
its lobes very narrowly linear without white margins.
4. B. paTAGONIA (Baker sub J///a).
Leaves 4-5, synanthic, filiform, 15-22 cm. long. Scafe 1-flowered,
about 12. cm. long; valves of spathe 2, erect, united at base. /edice/s
15 mm. long; fervzanth 22 mm., pale lilac; its segments lanceolate, acu-
minate, erect, twice as long as the tube. Ovary sessile; style 6 mm. long.
Patagonia.
5. B. pa@ppiGiANa (Gay sub 777/e/eza).
Leaves linear, plane, sometimes exceeding the 5~—7-flowered scape.
Spathe 2(3-4)-valved, the valves lanceolate, hyaline-membranous, rose-
colored, as long as the pedicels, or shorter. Perzanth-lobes oblong-obtuse,
8by 3mm. 7zée as long as the lobes.
Patagon., by the mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusén.)
6. B. spEGAZzInuI (Speg.) Macl. (8. Jatagonica Speg. non Baker.)
Bulb ovate. Leaves synanthic, narrow-linear, plicate, obtusish. Scafe
slightly longer, erect, glabrous, slender, 1-flowered, 2-bracted above.
flower subtubular, its segments linear, acute, as long as the tube, white,
marked by a green line. /edzce/ half as long as the flower. Plant green
to violascent.
Patagon., common by Rio Sta. Cruz and Golfo de San Jorge.
306 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. TRISTAGMA Poepp.
Corm globular, truncate. Leaves few, radical, linear. Scafe simple,
leafless, bearing a few-flowered umbel, with scarious, involucral bracts.
Perianth salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube and 6 subequal, spreading
lobes; mostly scales in the throat. /7/aments short, inserted in the throat.
Ovary ovoid; seeds numerous.
Species 3, Chili; Patagon.
1. T. AMEGHINOI Speg.
Staminal series unequal. Sul ovate, 3.5-5 mm. diameter, 3-5 cm. in
length. Leaves linear, plane, apically obtuse, Scafe as long or shorter,
erect, glabrous, slender, 1-flowered, 2-bracted. Flowers with rather long
tube, their segments narrow-linear, thickish, velvety-papillose, olivaceous.
Patagon., in sandy meadows by Golfo de San Jorge. The cylindraceous
floral tube and naked throat make this resemble Bvodiea , but the short
style and the lobes being shorter than the tube place it in 77zstagma.
2. TI. AUSTRALIS Neger.
Bracts broad, lanceolate. Leaves obtuse, narrowing downwards. Ped-
icels only 2-5 mm. long. /evzanth-tube ventricose, the lobes short, linear,
with crown of 3-6, partly connate scales. Involucre 2-bracted, the dracts
connate.
S. Patagon., Rio Guillermo. (O. Nordenskjéld.)
3. T. EREMOPHILA Speg.
Greenish, glabrous; the synanthous /eaves linear, obtuse, plane, equal-
ling or exceeding the narrower scape. Sfathe basally connate-tubular,
long-bifid upwards, the lobes narrow, hyaline to reddish. Flowers 2-5,
with very short or long pedicels, erect or subcernuous; the perigon cyl-
indrical to sublageniform, 6-lobed, the lobes narrow-linear, fleshy, acutish,
slightly shorter than the dark-purplish tube; olivaceous, with naked throat.
Chubut ; in rocky hills by Carren-leoft.
4. T. NIVALIS Poepp.
Bracts very narrow, almost linear. edzce/s 10-30 mm. long, differing
in the same umbel. ervdanth-tube cylindrical. Leaves very narrow.
MACLOSKIE: LILIACEA. 307
T. NIVALIS ANGUSTIFOLIA Neger.
Leaves narrower than in the type.
E. Fuegia. (Br. Ansorge.)
Boe aPULCHELEAL oper.
Pallid green, glabrous, Leaves synanthous, plane, rather obtuse, equal-
ling or exceeding the narrower scapes. Sfathes scarcely connate-sub-
tubular at base, bipartite; lobes broad-ovate, subobtuse, slightly albescent.
Flowers solitary or geminate, sessile, erect, tube ovate-inflated, beautifully
dark-violaceous, apically 5-lobed; the lobes arcuate-reflexed, fleshy, con-
colorous, nearly a half shorter.
W. Patagon., in the higher hills near Rio Aysen.
4.* ASTELIA Banks & Sol.
Rhizome short, thick; stem leafy at base, supporting paniculate racemes
of small, polygamo-dicecious flowers. Fevzanti campanulate, its leaves
united below. Ovary 1-celled; ovules numerous. raz fleshy, indehiscent.
Bpecics Onin. Lacitic is., Nv Zeal. Lasm., Austral., and Antarc. Amer.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5, p. 75.)
A. PUMILA R. Br.
Leaves \anceolate, rigid, glabrous on both sides, 3-nerved, serrulate at
apex. eduncles 1-flowered, very short, the fowers
inconspicuous, faintly sweet-scented (Fig. 54).
Falklands; Fuegia to Cape Horn, abundant, form-
ing most of the peat; W. Magellan, at Puerto An-
gusto (Dusén); Staaten I.
5. CALLIXENE Juss. (1789). (Luzurtaga Ruiz.
& Pav. 1798; uargea Banks.)
Glabrous, branching shrub, with subsessile, promi-
nently 3—-many-nerved /eaves, and white axillary
flowers on slender pedicels. /ervianth-leaves not
united, spreading, subequal, nerveless, spotted.
Berry subglobose, 3-celled, with few pallid seeds. (Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5,
p- 86.)
Species 3, Chili, and the following.
Astelia pumila.— Flower.
308 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. C. MARGINATA Lam.
Knotted and leafless at the base. Leaves coriaceous, narrow-oval,
thick at margin and midrib, subcuspidate. Flowers fragrant. //aments
filiform, anthers large, reflexed and extrorsely reversed. Berry dark
purple.
Patagon.; Magellan to W. Magellan; Fuegia, Beagle Ch. to Cape
Horn; Staaten I., Falklands; N. Zeal:
In Fuegia, ‘“‘growing prostrate and against the trunks of beech trees” ;
in N. Zeal., ‘on mosses by woods.” ‘Seems a transition towards Phe-
/esta, which the distribution favors.”’
2. C. POLYPHYLLA Hook.
Tall; much branching. Leaves abundant, oblanceolate or subovate,
mucronulate, 5—7-nerved, with faint cross veins, glaucous underneath.
Peduncles about as long as the leaves, below their middle articulated and
1-bracted. efal/s white, acute, orange-spotted. zthers incumbent.
S. Chili, at Cape Tres Montes; called ‘‘Asaju’’; growing on trunks of
trees, about 30 cm. long; remarkable for its beautiful flowers.
3. C. RADICANS Ruiz. & Pav.
Suffruticose, glabrous, several. meters high. Szem terete, slender,
flexuous, creeping along trunks of trees, jointed, sheathing and rooting
at the joints, rootlets long, simple. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblique,
acuminate, 9-13-nerved on both sides, 25 mm. long. /eduncles 2-4-
flowered ; flowers variegated, white to yellow, with red points and lines.
Berry red.
(Chili); W. Patagon. (Dusén.)
6: PHIVESIASGomm:
Glabrous, branching shrub, with nearly sessile, subdistichous, oblong,
coriaceous, revolute-edged, 1-nerved, reticulate eaves, and large, showy,
pink flowers, 1 or few in the upper axils or terminal; with few small
imbricating dvacts, inner pertanth-leaves obovate-oblong, twice as long
as the outer. 4uthers extrorse. Ovary t1-celled, with 3 parietal Ala-
cente. fruit a subglobose berry, with many seeds.
Only species:
MACLOSKIE: AMARYLLIDACEA. 309
P. BUXIFOLIA Lam. (P. magellanica Gmel.) Plate XIII.
Flowers bell-shaped, 5 cm. long (smaller than in Lafagerza), at right
angles with the axis; g/ands at base of the inner perianth.
E. and W. Magellan; Cordilleras of S. Patagon. (in flower Dec. 20—Feb.
16; a shrub reaching to nearly 2 meters high—J. B. Hatcher); Fuegia to
near Cape Horn. ‘‘Among the handsomest of the Antarctic American
Flora. Northwards to Valdivia it is replaced by Lafageria rosea.’ (J.
D. Hooker.) When not in flower it is difficult to determine its character
as a monocot.
7. LAPAGERIA Ruiz. & Pav.
Branching, climbing shrub, with coriaceous, 3—5-nerved, reticulate /eaves,
whose short petiole is jointed below the blade, the lower part persisting-
twisted. //owers 1—-few in the axils or terminal, large and handsome, with
short peduncle and numerous small imbricate bracts. Pevianth-segments
distinct, connivent, the outer narrower; a basal nectary inside. Authers
introrse. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentze. erry ovoid, subtri-
gonal, with many seeds.
Only species:
L. ROSEA Ruiz. & Pav.
Leaves \ance-ovate to subcordate, acuminate. /7owers flesh-colored,
sometimes white.
(S. Chili; also cult. in greenhouses); Patagonia (?).
Family 19. AMARYLLIDACE&.
Herbs (or tropical shrubs) from rhizomes or bulbs, with usually narrow,
entire /eaves, and large, showy, perfect fowers. Pertanth-leaves 6, mostly
united below, bearing 6 stamens on their base. Ovary wholly or partly
inferior, 3-celled; style simple or 3-lobed. vat a many-seeded capsule ;
or fleshy and 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, mostly black.
Species 800, chiefly in warm countries. |
KrY TO THE GENERA.
A, Rootstock bulbous.
61. Scape 1-flowered. Capsule 3-lobed. 1. Zephyranthes, p. 310.
62. Umbel 2—-many-flowered. Capsule 3-celled. Anthers dorsifixed. 2. Hippeastrum, p. 310.
A2. Rootstock fasciculate. Capsule wrinkled. Terminal inflorescence or 1-flowered. Anthers
basifixed. 3. Alstremeria, p. 311.
310 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1.. ZEPHYRANITE Seiten).
Glabrous herbs, with a 6/6 sending up narrow /eaves, and a hollow,
leafless 1-flowered scafe. Perianth funnelform, usually with scales in its
throat. Style 3-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 3-lobed.
Species 30, New World, from Tex. southward; 1 in W. Afr.
1. Z. ANDERSONII (Herb.) Benth.
Stamens unequal, declined (but often normal). Pevtanth-scales united
into a membrane at the base of the filaments; anthers dorsifixed. (Fig.
in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5; p..107,)} |
(Argentina); N. Patagon. Has golden-copper-colored flowers; and
Springs up commonly after rains.
2. Z. MELANOPOTAMICA Speg.
Euzephyranthes. Bulb ovoid, mediocre, fuscous-tunicate. Leaves nar-
row-linear, long, green, not synanthous. Scafes erect, more or less
elongate, terete, glabrous. Sfathes elongate, bifid below the middle,
more or less long-connate, whitish. F/owers solitary or paired, erect,
pedicels shorter than spathe. /erzanth turbinate, mediocre, its leaves
oblanceolate, acutish, white, twice as long as the unequal glabrous séa-
mens, basally short-tubular-connate. Interstaminal scales small, pectinate-
ciliate. SZy/e rather long, included, trifid.
N. Patagon., in dunes along Rio Negro. Differs from 2 mesochloa
Herb. by the leaves not being synanthous, and by the ciliate-pectinate
character of its interstaminal squamules.
2, HIPPEASTRUM Herb.
Coated éu/b sending up a fistulous s¢em with strap-shaped /eaves, and a
2—many-flowered wmée/ (rarely 1-flowered), often large; with 2 distinct
involucral bracts, often enclosing 1—many inner linear or filiform bracts.
Perianth-tube short or long, the limb often zygomorphous. /7/aments
Short; azthers dorsifixed, versatile. Cvownz of scales about or between
the stamens small. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds many, black.
Species. 50, in subtropical Amer. Section Habvanthus has broad fun-
nelform flowers, few in the umbel, and narrow leaves.
1. H. BAGNoLDI (Hrb.) Baker. (Baker's Handbook of Amaryllid., p. 43.)
MACLOSKIE: AMARYLLIDACE. 3II
H. BAGNOLDI MINUS Speg.
The variety has the wmdée/ usually 2-flowered, and is smaller every way. °
Bulb subglobose. Leaves linear, 15-25 cm. long, subglaucescent. Sfathe
2-leaved, yellow to white. Perigonium infundibuliform, yellow to rose or
ferruginous, its leaves lanceolate, acute both ways. Szamens, 3 short, 3
long, anthers versatile. Interstaminal squamules minute, fimbriate. SZy/e
as long as the floral-leaves, shortly trifid.
Chubut, in meadows near Puerto Piramides.
2. H. paLttipum (= Aippeastvrum advenum Herb. Loddiges sub
Flabranthus) Pax. (= Habranthus hesperius Herb.)
Leaves narrow-linear, subobtuse, fleshy, from the ovoid bulb. Scape
leafless, 2-flowered. Flowers rather large, free-segments of broad funnel-
form, yellowish-white to red perianth, ovate, acute.
(Description made from the Loddiges, Botan. Cabinet, plate 1760.)
(Chili); Chubut, meadows by Carmen-Leofti: sandy hills.
3. ALSTRGMERIA Linn. p. p.
Rootstock fasciculate. Svem simple, erect, leafy, ending in an wmde/ or
vaceme of leafy-bracted flowers, or a solitary flower. /erzanth funnel-
form, its leaves nearly distinct, one of each series unlike the other two;
inserted with the stamens on an epigynous persisting ring. .dzthers basi-
fixed. Capsule globose, rugose, with an annular crown. Seeds many,
globose. :
Species 30, >. Amer
1. A. AURANTIACA Don.
Flowering stem reaching 1 meter high. Leaves 40-50, lanceolate, sub-
petiolate, glaucous beneath, the lower locm. by 12 mm. U/mbels 10-30-
flowered, with long compound rays; the dracts leaf-like. Perzanth bright
yellow, 4 cm. long, outer tepals subobtuse, green-tipped, 12-14 mm. broad ;
the zzuer narrower, deeper in color, claret-brown spotted. S¢amens decli-
nate, shorter than the tepals.
(Chili; cult. in gardens); Patagon.
2, A, piazt Phil.
Stem tall (30 cm.), leafy. Leaves rather crowded, not resupinate, lance-
linear; involucral leaves similar. Umbel/s 3-flowered; peduncles scarcely
312 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
exceeding the involucre, naked. Outer tepals obovate-spatulate, not
emarginate, serrulate, pink, their base and center white ; the zzuer larger,
purple-lined, yellow in the center; the lowest shorter, spotless.
(Amer.); Patagon., Chubut, in dry sandy hills.
3. AL LIGTUs lenny
Scape 45-60 cm. Leaves 20-30, thin, ascending, linear or lanceolate,
5-7 cm. long, .5-1 mm. broad. Umbel 3-8-rayed, rays often forked,
5-7 cm. long; bracts several, linear, 25-35 mm. long. Perianth 35 mm.
long; the outer segments obovate, unguiculate, obtuse or cuspidate, 12
mm. broad, whitish or pale lilac or pale red, with oblique, purple streaks,
the inner segments narrower and more acute. Stamens shorter than the
segments.
Patagon., meadows near Lago Nahuel-huapi; along Rio Chubut.
4. A. PATAGONICA Phil.
Low, t-flowered. Leaves linear, narrowed at base, acute, undulate.
Flower 18 mm. long, its outer leaves spatulate, mucronate, yellow inside,
pinkish halfway on outside ; inner perianth-leaves narrower, purple-spotted
to the middle. Stigmas revolute, elongate, broad, margined. Leaves more
numerous and narrower than 4. Aygmea, and inner tepals red-spotted.
Near Lago Sta. Cruz, Patagon.; S. Patagon., on high dry pampas
near Coy Inlet (Hatcher); ‘yellow, with dark spots on the corolla.”
5. A. pyrem#a Willd. (4. “gtu pygmea O. Ktze.)
Underground stem 5-10 cm. long, sending up a dense tuft of linear or
lanceolate /eaves, 12-25 mm. long. flower solitary, sessile amid the
leaves; its perranth-leaves oblanceolate, unguiculate, whitish, unspotted,
12-18 mm. long, 2-3 mm. broad. Stamensas long. ‘ Flower unspotted.”
(Peru and Bolivia to 4,000 meters); Gregory Bay, Fuegia, by R. O.
Cunningham; N. Fuegia, near sea-coast, Dusen.
Family 20. Irmacrea. Iris Family.
Perennial herbs, with narrow mostly equitant, distichous /eaves, and
perfect, mostly regular, showy flowers in spathes. Perdanth 6-parted, in
2 series, its tube adhering to the inferior 3-locular ovary. Stamens 3, on
the base of the outer tepals; anthers extrorse. Sty/e 3-cleft, its branches
MACLOSKIE: IRIDACEA. 313
often petaloid and subdivided. méryo enclosed in horny or fleshy
endosperm.
Species 1,000, cosmopolitan.
GENERIC ANALYSIS.
A, Style-branches forked. Bulbous plants. Tepals subsimilar. 1. Memastylis, p. 313.
Az. Style-branches simple. Usually with rhizomes.
6, Filaments free, or connate only at base. 2. Libertia, p. 313.
62. Filaments partly united into a tube.
c. Spathe many-flowered.
d. Perianth-tube short 3. Szsyrinchium, p. 314.
d2. Perianth-tube rather long. 4. Symphyostemon, p. 318.
c2. Spathe 1-flowered. Low, cespitose plants. 5. Lapeinia, p. 319.
Dee NEMASTY E15 Nutt:
Bulbs usually sending up branching stems with long, linear, folded
feaves, and 1 or more pediceled flowers from the spathe. TZefals all
similar, fugacious. S/v/aments partly united. Style-branches filiform,
themselves forked, alternate with the anthers. Cafsz/e subovoid.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, ii. 5, p. 148.)
Species 10, ss Amer. and N. to Tenn.
N. FuURCATA Klatt.
Stem 25 cm. high, simple below, flexuous, glabrous; /eaves long, lance-
ensiform, the base broad-sheathing; cauline leaf basi-cucullate. Avacts
ovate-lanceolate, keeled, cuspidate, thin-margined. Spathe 1-flowered,
2-valved. Sowers erect, yellow, anthers yellow. Seeds castaneous.
(Montevideo); N. Patagon.
Zoe BERT LAS sprene:
Rhizomes creeping. Leaves basal, distichous; the few stem-/eaves
reduced. //owers in simple or compound umbels, the zzner tepals larger
than the outer, white or greenish; stamens 3, free or basi-connate; styles
alternate with the anthers, involute-filiform, the sfathes not enclosing the
pediceled flowers.
Species 8, some in Chili, others in N. Zeal. and S. Australia. (Fig.
in Eng. & Prantl, ii, 5, p. 150.)
314 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. L. ELEGANS Poepp.
Panicle of many peduncled, 4-6-flowered umbels. Jluner pertanth
white, outer green. /2/aments connate.
(Chili) ; by R. O. Cunningham (in Patagonia ?).
2. L. FORMOSA Gfahany
Stem terete, leafy; radical leaves not equalling the stem, smooth-
edged. Outer tepals ovate, carinate, greenish at apex; inner tepals un-
guiculate, cordate, retuse; fruits smaller than the flowers.
(S. Chili); Valdivia. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, 1. c.)
2.. SISYRINGHIUMESLinn:
Rhizomatous, slender herbs, with narrow /eaves, radical or from the base
of the stem, and single terminal sJathe, or with additional spathes sessile
along the stem. 7Zefa/s all similar, often awned. Style-branches filiform,
undivided, alternate with the anthers. Capsu/e ovoid or globular.
Species 50, chiefly in warm parts of Amer. and stragglers in Austral.,
Mauritius, Ireland, Bermuda; several in E. U. S. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i,
453.)
A, Dwarf.
6, Stem low, densely leafy, about 1-flowered. humile.
6, Stemless, with yellow flowers. clarazit.
Az. Filaments free from near the base. filifolium.
A3. Filaments free upwards. Flowers expanded, yellowish.
6. Scape subcompressed ; leaves grass-like. graminifolium.
62. Scape compressed. Tepals, 3 of them with large, dark spots. maculatum,
63. Scape narrowly winged ; tepals brown-striate. striatum,
64. Stem flat and winged ; tepals brown-striate. patagonicum.
A4. Filaments connate; flowers expanded, blue or pink to white, with purple stripes.
6. Stem 2-winged; tepals subspatulate, retuse, mucronate. chilense.
62. Stem 2-edged ; tepals hairy outside. tridifolium.
63. Stem terete, and leaves terete. Flowers pink.
c. Stem striate, leafy below. junceum.,
c2. Stem with a leaf some distance below. middletoni.
c3. Stem smooth, naked. roseum.
I. S. CHILENSE Hook.
Stem branching, 2-winged. Leaves linear-ensiform, acutish, striate,
much shorter than the scape. Sfathes linear, acute, usually exceeding
the pedicel. Zefadls oblong, subspatulate, retuse, mucronate.
(Trop. Amer.); N. Patagon.; S. Patagon.; E. and S. Fuegia (Dusén).
MACLOSKIE: IRIDACEA. 315
OEFS? CUARATIT baker,
Dwarf acaulescent, tufted, yellow-flowered, with a 2-edged flower-stalh,
rigid, 7-ribbed /eaves about 1 mm. broad. Perianth 6 mm. long.
Probably in N. Patagon. It and S. c/z/ense are used in infusions for tea.
3. S. FILIFOLIUM Gaudich. (5S. feucanthum Colla.)
Stem terete, striate, several (2-8)-flowered. Leaves radical, filiform,
nearly equalling the scape, produced beyond the
bracts toa long spathe. Flowers showy, broad-cam-
panulate, 12 by 12 mm., the ¢efa/s obovate, subequal,
white with purple veins. Filaments free nearly to
the base. Capsule glabrous, its cells 3-6-seeded
(Fig. 55).
S. Patagon., Fuegia; Falklands. By O. W. Peter-
feeeand. je be Fatcher, near’ Coy Inlet, at ‘Cobo
Negro, and near head of Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz;
at Killik Aike on Rio Gallegos (Dusén); ‘ Star-
grass; color white with brown stripes. Handsomest
and most fragrant in Patagonia. On pampas every-
where.”’ (Peterson.) ‘ White at high latitudes, pink
at lower.” (Hatcher.) ‘In the Falkland Islands
the grassy plains are, in the spring month of Novem-
ber, almost whitened by the profusion of its pendu-
lous snowy bells.” (J. D. Hooker.)
(Index Kewensis gives S. filifolium and S. leu-
canthum as distinct species. Klatt identifies them.)
Fic. 55.
4. S. GRAMINIFOLIUM Lindl.
: Sisyrinchium — filifolium.
Scape 60 cm. high, subcompressed. Leaves erect, Inflorescence and flower;
' ; ss essential organs, and cross-
6-10 mm. wide, strongly striated, glaucous, rigid, oe Me iraineine cuit
exceeding the scape. Cafsw/es shorter than the pedi- (After Mora antarctica.)
cels, ovoid-globular.
S. Patagon., Eden; E. Fuegia. (Br. Ansorge.)
5. S. HUMILE Phil.
Stem only 10 cm. high, densely leafy, about 1-flowered, the eaves dis-
tichous, acute, 5-10 cm. long, exceeding the flower, “Cetera S. cuspidate.”’
(Chili); S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Gregory Bay.
316 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
6. S. rriprroLium (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth. (S. daxum Link.)
Stem branching, leafy, 2-edged; its edges and the leaf-edges scabrid.
Spathes terminal, glabrous; peduncles geniculate. 7efa/s ochroleucous,
hairy below externally. .S¢amzna/column inflated, bearded below. Ovary
pubescent; capsule glabrous.
(Caraccas to Chili); Magellan; Fuegia (Speg.). Often confounded with
S. chilense. ‘‘N. Patagon.’”” (Lor. & Nied.)
S. IRIDIFOLIUM MAJus. (S. daxum var. major.)
Stem bifid. Leaves and tepals broader. Sfathes and bracts scaberulous
above.
W. Patagon., in Chonos Archipelago.
S. IRIDIFOLIUM MINUS.
Stem simple. Leaves narrower, glabrous. Zefa/s narrower.
Magellan.
7. S. JUNCEUM Meyer. (S. gracile Phil., S. sunczforme Poepp.)
Glabrous. Svem terete, striate, one third way leafy. Leaves terete,
striate, shorter than the scape. One valve of the sfarhe long, straight.
Flowers in a lateral fascicle, pink; /efa/s lanceolate, acute, 3—5-striate.
Staminal column inflated. S#gmas small, dentiform. Cafsz/e oblong.
(Andes); Fuegia, Navarino I., Ushuaia; Patagon., Chubut; Valley of
R. Gallegos (Nordenskj.); R. Sta. Cruz.
S. JUNCEUM BREVISPATHUM (O. Ktze.).
About 30 cm. high; few-flowered. Sfathe scarcely exceeding the inflo-
rescence.
Patagon.
S. JUNCEUM FLORIBUNDUM Phil.
To 60 cm. high; many-flowered. Spathe scarcely exceeding the inflo-
rescence.
Patagon.
S. LEUCANTHUM Colla (see S. fiizfolium).
8. S. MACULATUM Hook.
Stem leafy, ancipitally-compressed. Leaves linear, ensiform. Pedicels
as long as the spathe, white-membranous, acuminate. Perianth-segments
MACLOSKIE: IRIDACE. 317
obovate, acute, 3 with large, dark, sanguineous spots. S#gmas subulate.
Ovary glandular. Herb scarcely exceeding 30 cm. high, with a panicle
of several yellow flowers.
(Chili); S. Patagon.; Fuegia, in dry meadows.
g. S. MIDDLETONI Bak. (S. voseum Speg., Pl. Pat. Aust.
n. 357, non Ph.)
Root fibrous, densely tufted, long-cylindrical. Stem slender, terete,
erect, a foot long, ending in a single cluster of flowers, with a terete leaf
some distance below. Leaves 2-3, slender, terete, half as long as the
stem. Spathes 1-2-flowered, 25-32 mm. long; valves lanceolate, green,
with narrow white edge. Perianth-segments oblanceolate-oblong, 8 mm.
long. Filaments connate to the apex in an ampulliform tube.
S. Patagon., meadows by Rio Sta. Cruz; Golfo de San Jorge; by Rio
Chubut.
10. S. PATAGONICUM Phil.
Root-fibers slender. Stem simple, leafless, 12-15 cm. high, flat, winged
to base, 2 mm. diam. Leaves linear, 2 mm. diam., shorter than the stem.
Flowers 2-3 ina cluster. Valves of spathe lanceolate, 25-35 mm. long;
pedicels much shorter. FPevianth 8 mm. long, yellow, with brown veins.
Filaments 3 mm., connate upwards; axzthers small, oblong.
W. Patagon., by Rio Palena.
Lie > BROSEUMELiL
Stems terete, smooth, 30 cm. high, scarcely 2 mm. thick, naked, pro-
duced to a long spathe. Leaves terete, striate, shorter than the scape.
Spathes broadly scarious. FPedzce/s exserted. Flowers pink, 14 mm. long,
tepals 7-nerved. Staminal column inflated midway, glabrous, scarcely
half as long as the perianth. Ovary villous.
(Chili) ; Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge.
12. S. STRIATUM Smith.
Root-fibers slender. Stems stout, narrowly winged, 45-60 cm. high,
bearing 1-2 reduced leaves above, next the inflorescence. Sfz/e or panicle
of many diverging sessile clusters; each 12-—20-flowered, and subtended
by a large ovate dvact. Root-leaves 8-10, fine-linear, 30 cm. by 12 mm.
Valves of sfathe under 25 mm.; inner valves numerous, membranous.
318 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Perianth 18 mm. long, its segments oblanceolate, pale yellow, veined
with brown. /7/aments united half-way. Capsule globose, 6 mm. diam.
(Chili & Andes., cult.); Patagon., in foothill and mountain meadows.
S. STRIATUM MICROSPATHUM (Phil.).
In rocks by Nahuel-huapi.
4. SYMPHYOSTEMON Miers. (Sawsarium Phil. p. p.)
Roots fibrous. Leaves linear, radical. Scafes short, amid the leaves
or longer, sometimes 1-leaved. Sfathes 1-2, sessile or stalked, each
with pediceled flowers. Pevianth funnelform, its ¢efals distinct, white,
yellow or purple-striped. Fz/aments united. Style branches clavate.
Capsule ovoid, protruding from the spathe. Seeds angled.
Species 5, extratrop., S. Amer.
I. S. BIFLORUS (Thunb.) Bak. (S. zarczssotdes Cav., Miers.)
Rhizomenone. Radical fibers tufted. Leaves numerous, narrow-linear,
15-30 cm.; scafe terete, 30-45 cm. long; bearing 1-2 long-peduncled
clusters. Sfathes 4-5-flowered, 25-35 mm. long, the
outer valve oblong-lanceolate, green, with a mem-
branous edge. /edzce/s long. FPerianth pale-yellow,
30-37 mm. long; the segments oblong, acute, equal-
ling the funnel-formed tube. /A7z/aments free above, an-
thers versatile. Cafszle subglobose, 6-8 mm. diameter.
(S. Chili); Magellan; N. & E. Fuegia, ‘belonging
to the Steppe-Flora.” (Dusén.) ‘ Blue-white bells
streaked with purple.” (R. O. Cunningham.) Got
by Hatcher at Rio Coy.
2. S. LYCKHOLMI Dusén.
Root fasciculate. Stem erect, terete, rough, simple.
Symphyostemon lyck- Radical leaves 2-3, rough, linear-terete, attenuate-
ee Inflorescence and sheathing. Outer bracts 2, shorter than the upper
owers (after Dusén). ; ; :
leaf, lanceolate, embracing each other, white, scarious-
margined. Flowers 3-4, their pedicels scarcely exceeding the bracts;
their tube dilated upwards, their 5-6 lobes broad, subacute, with purplish
lines. Filaments united (Fig. 56).
MACLOSKIE: IRIDACEA. 319
Differs from S. Aatagonicus Speg. by its rough stem and leaves, and its
broad, less pointed tepals.
S. Patagon., at 600 m. elevation. O. Nordenskj.
-3. S. oporatTissimus (Lindl.) Miers.
Flowers larger than in S. pafagonicus, and perigonial tube shorter.
Patagon., Golfo de San Jorge, RR. de Sta. Cruz et Gallegos; Gregory
Bay.
4. S. PATAGONICUS Speg.
Glabrous. Roots fascicled. Léaves narrow, shorter than the stem,
callous-mucronate. Flowers numerous, pediceled, somewhat salver-
shaped and nutant; the lobes erect, ovate, apiculate, marked by 5 longi-
tudinal, rather broad dark purple lines, exceeding the slender, cylindrical
tube. Scape 15-25 cm. high, bearing a single leaf above the middle,
also 2 apical bracts, mutually embracing. Ovary obconical-turbinate, 4
by 2.5 mm. Flowers smaller than in .S. dz¢forus, but their tube longer.
Patagon., on sandy plains by Golfo de San Jorge.
5. S. SEGETHI (Phil. sub Swsarzum).
Rhizome and stem creeping. Leaves terete, hollow, rigid, equalling the
scape, 24 cm. high. //owers subsessile, fascicled, violaceous. /lower-
tube very narrow, filaments united. Ovary lanceolate. Seeds winged
above and below.
(Chili); Patagon., in dry meadows by Teka-choique and Carren-leoft.
5. LAPEINIA. Juss.
Low, cespitose perennials, with fibrous voofs, crowded, distichous, linear
Jeaves, and terminal scafe with 1-flowered pedicel which scarcely exceeds
the leaves. Pervzanth bell-shaped, with the tube almost wanting, its /epa/s
ovate, the inner narrower. /7/aments united below. Se filiform, its -
branches subulate. Capsule globular, 3-furrowed, dehiscing at the apex.
The only species. ?
T. MAGELLANICA (Lam.) Ker.
Leaves subulate, canaliculate, rigid. Flowers small, whitish-yellow
(Fig. 57).
320 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Chili); Magellan, and W. Magellan (Dusén); Fuegia to Cape Horn.
Extends farther S. and to greater elevations than the species of Szsyvin-
chium. Moist meadows, especially on
mountains.
Fic. 57.
Family 21. ORrcHipace#.
Orchid Family.
Perennial, tuberous, or rhizomatous,
or epiphytic herbs, with entire sheath-
ing /eaves, and superior perfect, zygo-
7 morphous, showy flowers. Pertanth
Tapeinia magellanica. Leafage, flower, 2-Seriate (calyx and corolla both peta-
seed, and dehisced capsule. (After /lora loid), each 3-leaved ; the sepals all simi-
antarctica. ) : 5 eee
lar; the 2 lateral Zefa/s or ‘wings’ simi-
lar; the third petal becomes anterior by torsion, and forms a /ade//um,
being also frequently spurred. Stamens 1-2, gynandrous ; only 1, rarely
the two, antheriferous ; Ao//en cohering in 2-8 pear-shaped masses. Ovary
inferior, 1-celled, with 3 parietal A/acentfe, often long and twisted, its style
united with the staminal column in a gyzandrium, forming a stigmatic vos-
trum. Seeds exceedingly numerous and minute, having no endosperm.
Species 5,000, abounding most in the tropics.
Key TO THE GENERA.
1. Single leafy stem with a terminal spike or raceme. Chlorea.
2. Leaves whorled about midway on a 1-flowered scape. Codonorchis.
1. CHLORAZA Lindl. (Including Asarca Lindl.)
Anther 1, erect behind the rostrum, 2-celled, and each cell partially 2-
celled. Polinza 2-parted, oblong. RAzzomes bearing simple leafy stems
with flowers on a terminal spike or raceme. Posterior sepal sometimes
erect, arched. /efa/s narrow, the /ade/um incurved, ascending from the
base of the column, spurless, open on the upper side, and sometimes
with 2 cadlz.
Species 80, confined to extratropical S. Amer.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Stem leafy.
6. Leaves dimorphous; the basal narrow-lanceolate, long-petiolate; the upper broad and
sheathing. Flowers large and whitish. bugainvilleana.
MACLOSKIE: ORCHIDACEAE. 321
62. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, petiolate; the cauline acute, sessile; flowers very
yellow. commersonit.
63. Leaves lanceolate, acute ; bracts large. gaudichaudi.
64. Stem with 3 leaves, which wither at anthesis. Bracts sheath-like, linear-ligulate.
penicillata.
Az. Leaves chiefly basal.
6. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate. Ringit.
62. Leaves subelliptical, obtuse.
c. Spike 3-7-flowered. Bracts ovate-lanceolate. magellanica.
c2. Spike long, lax; bracts lanceolate. odoratissima,
A3. Spike 16 cm. long, about 18-flowered. Lower bracts longest, all exceeding the flowers.
Labellum rhombic, lobed. patagonica.
A4. Flowers rose-white.
6. Spikes 10-15-flowered ; flowers small; labellum partly pectinate. albo-rosea.
62. Spike 10-flowered ; flowers large; labellum serrate-toothed, warty. pleistodactyla.
63. Spike 3-6-flowered ; flowers large ; wings and entire labellum yellowish. spegazziniana.
64. Spike 2-3(6)-flowered ; flowers obscure ; labellum 2-lobed, papillose.
hystrix.
As. Spikes 2-3-flowered ; flowers large, green-white ; labellum 3-toothed. leontoglossa.
A6. Spikes 2-4-flowered ; flowers rusty ; labellum 3-lobed. Serruginea.
1. C. ALBO-ROSEA Kraenzlin & Speg.
Spikes 10-15-flowered. flowers small, the wings apically very thick-
clavulate. Lade/um short, apically obtuse-callous, the rest densely pec-
tinate-fimbriate. Zefa/s rose-white; bracts rose colored.
S. Patagon., in elevated meadows along Rio Chico; by Rio Carren-
leofu.
2. C. BUGAINVILLEANA Franchet.
Stem 15-30 cm. high. Leaves dimorphous, narrow-lanceolate and long-
petioled in sterile fascicles, and ovate cauline leaves, the upper being
long-sheathing, short and complicate. Flowers 4-7, rather large, with
Short pedicels. Avacts ovate, mucronate-setaceous, embracing the flower.
Perianth white, tesselated with black lines; sefa/s longer than the petals.
Labellum \ong-stipitate, obscurely 3-lobed, 7-crested, with inflexed fim-
briate margins.
Magellan (Commerson, 1767).
Gem Gs CLICAg tizluccas Deo.
W. Patagon., not rare in the woods along Rio Aysen. (To be de-
scribed in F. Kraenzlin’s Monograph of Chlorea.)
322 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. C. comMERSONI Brongn. (Lindl. sub 4sarca.)
Stem leafy. Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, petiolate; upper
acute, sessile. SAzkes dense; bracts lanceolate, acute, as long as the
ovary. Perianth very yellow; the sepals narrow, acute; the efals
shorter, obtuse; the /ade//um still shorter, its lateral lobes round, entire,
its midlobe ovate, warty; adnate to the base of the short, winged
gynandrium.
Magellan; Fuegia, Ushuaia; Falklands. Patagon., in woods near Lago
Fontana.
5. C. FERRUGINEA Krnzl. & Speg.
Spikes 2—4-flowered, flowers slightly large, all more or less intensely
ferruginous ; wzwgs acute, not or scarcely callous-thickened. Ladbe/lum
trilobate; midlobe narrow, its upper surface densely and minutely papil-
lose-verrucose.
Patagon., frequent in colline meadows near Rio Carren-leoft.
6. C. HYSTRIX@Kinzi adc oper
Spikes 2—3-, or even 6-flowered ; flowers rather obscure, like C. /eonto-
glossa, but wings more thickened at the apex. 7efa/s white-rose, more
nervose-reticulate. LadbeMum apically callous-bilobed, medially enlarged,
densely hirt-papillose.
Patagon., hills between Teka-choique and Carren-leoft.
7. (©. GAUDICHAUDII Brongn.
Stem leafy, the /eaves lanceolate, acute. Bracts large, lance-ovate, ex-
ceeding the ovary. Sefals ovate-lanceolate, membranaceous to the apex.
Petals subequal, obtuse; the /ade//um shorter, its lateral lobes fimbriate,
thick at the apex, its midlobe lingueform, warty. Gynandrium as long
as the labellum, its rostrum winged.
Magellan, moist pastures of Fuegia and Falklands.
8. C. kincu. (Hook. f. sub A4sarca.) ’
Radical /eaves 15 cm. long, lanceolate, acuminate. SAzke 6—-8-flowered.
Lateral seZa/s lanceolate, acuminate. efa/s oblong, ovate, obtuse, slightly
shorter than the sepals and the labellum; /ade//um shortly unguiculate,
oblong, obtuse, entire, its nerves scarcely thickened. Gynandrium short.
Magellan.
MACLOSKIE: ORCHIDACE. 323
g. CHLOR4A LEONTOGLOSSA Krnzl. & Speg.
Spikes 2—3-flowered ; flowers erect, rather large. Wangs greenish, rather
fleshy on the anterior part; the other ¢efa/s whitish, laxly and finely fus-
cous-striate and reticulate. Lade//um somewhat short, apically 3-dentate,
and callous.
Patagonia, in woods near Lago Fontana.
10. C. MAGELLANICA Hook. f.
Stem 30-45 cm. high. Leaves elliptical and lance-elliptical, obtuse, the
upper subacute. .SAzke 3-7-flowered. Avacts ovate-lanceolate, exceeding
the ovary. //dowers pale-yellow; the sepals linear, thickened distally and
the apex inflexed. /e/a/s one third shorter, ovate-obtuse ; /ade//um ovate-
cordate, obsoletely 3-lobed, shorter than the sepals, margins inflexed with
long glands, the axis crested; the lobes sublacerous laterally, and pro-
duced medially. :
Magellan (Hatcher); N. Fuegia (Dusén). Navarino I.; Ushuaia. S.
Patagon., by Rio Gallegos (O. Nordenskjéld); by Lago Argentino.
It. C. ODORATISSIMA. (Poepp. sub Asarca.)
Leaves elliptical-oblong, subobtuse. Sfzke long, lax. racts lanceo-
late, exceeding the ovary, apically incurved. Uffer sepal oval, acute ;
lateral ones lanceolate-acuminate, thickened. Fefa/s obliquely oval, sub-
obtuse. Ladbel/um with base adnate to the short gynandrium, its lateral
lobes oboval, obtuse, its terminal longer and narrower, apex dentate.
Falklands; Patagon., south provinces.
12. C. PATAGONICA Phil.
(Leaves and stem unknown.) .Sf#z4e many-flowered. Upper sepal lan-
ceolate, lateral ones linear, thickened apically. /e/a/s falcate, their margin
concave, warty. Ladbel/um rhombic, obsoletely lobed, veins of lateral lobes
varicose, the apex few-toothed, with central falcate setae; midlobe trian-
gular, toothed, varicose-edged.
Patagonia, near Valdivia.
13. C. PENICILLATA Reichb. f.
Stem 30 cm. high, bearing 3 /eaves, these emaciate at anthesis; bracts
sheath-like, linear-linguzeform, exceeding the trigonal ovary. Sepals and
324
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
wings apically ligulate. Lade/um cuneate, ligulate at the base, puber-
ulous in the mid-line, anteriorly revolute on both sides; the margins with
Codonorchis lessontt.
narrow, subulate processes, which are opposed inter-
nally by triangular calli; also an apical obtuse callus.
Beautiful. Patagon., Fuegia, Orange Harbor.
14. CHLORAA PLEISTODACTYLA Krnzl. & Speg.
Spikes long, about to-flowered. //owers rather large,
tepals white-rose ; wzugs apically more or less attenuate
and infuscate, callous-thickened; /abe//um broad-ovate,
serrate-dentate, densely verruculose-appendiculate.
Patagon., not rare in hills near Carren-leoft.
15. C. SPEGAZZINIANA Krnzl. & Speg.
Spikes 3—6-flowered ; flowers rather large; wings apic-
ally thick, fuscate-callous, basally yellow. Seals white-
rose, obscurely and densely clathrate-nervose. Lade/-
lum yellow, slightly obtuse, entire, sparsely papillose,
verrucose.
Patagon., common in mountain meadows by Carren-
leofu.
2. CODONORCHIS Lindl. (/ogonza Juss. p. p.)
Tuberous, with 3-6 deaves in a whorl about midway
on a 1I-flowered scape. Fefa/s exceeding the sepals.
Labellum free, spurless, sessile, or attenuate downwards,
surrounding the gynandrium.
Species 2, in extra-trop...s, Amer (Sometimesmin=
cluded in Pogonza, which has a solitary leaf on the scape.)
C. Lessonu Lindl. (/Pogonta tetraphylla Poepp. &
End1.)
Leaves mostly 3 in the whorl, broad-ovate, petioled. lower large,
white, marked with purple (Fig. 58).
S. Chili, S. Patagon., at Cabo Negro and Punta Arenas (Hatcher; in
flower, Jan., 1897). Fuegia. Staaten I. Falklands.
MACLOSKIE: FAGACEA. 325
CHesaila, WiCORVERDWONESS Exogens.
Seeds with a dicotyledonous embryo. Flowers mostly 5- or 4-merous,
occasionally 2- or 3-merous. Stem exogenous. Leaves with reticulate
venation.
Including families 22-113.
Family 22. Satricacea. Willow Family.
Diecious shrubs or trees, with light, brittle wood, simple, alternate,
stipulate /eaves (the s/fules sometimes fugacious or obsolete) ; fowers of
each sex in catkins, the individual flowers in the axils of bracts, each sub-
tended by a ask, but without perianth. d/ale flowers 2-many-staminate.
Female flowers with a free 1-celled ovavy having many erect ovules.
Seeds plumose, without endosperm.
Species 200, in 2 genera; most in the N. Temperate and Arctic regions.
Se LXer:
Bracts entire. Stamens few, mostly 2, not exceeding 10. S¢#y/e short;
with 2 stigmas. Leaves mostly narrow.
Species 160; 1 each in Sumatra, S. Afr., Chili-Patagon.; a few in Mex. ;
the rest northwards in Eurasia and Amer.
S. HUMBOLDTIANA Willd. (.S. magellanica Poir.)
A tree with strict vimineous branches, glabrous. Leaves lance-linear,
attenuate, denticulate, exstipulate. Cafkims on leafy branches, stalked,
dense. Capsules ovate-conical, long-pedunculate. St#emas sessile.
N. Patagon. Mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusén.)
Family 23. Facace#. Beech Family (with oak, etc.).
Monecious trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, petioled, mostly ser-
rate, pinnately nerved “eaves, the stipules, if any, deciduous. flowers
small, the sa/es in cylindrical or globular catkins; the /ema/es 1 to several,
enclosed in an involucre, whose bracts form a burr or cup for the fruit.
Pertanth single, 4-8-lobed. Stamens as many, or more. Ovary superior,
3-7-celled ; ovules few; only 1 in the nut.
326 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 375, widely distributed. The subfamily of beeches differs from
the oaks and chestnuts by having the male flowers in globular axillary
clusters and the nut 3-angled, mostly with folded cotyledons. The
Antarctic beeches (/Vothofagus, often called ‘birches’”’ because of their
small leaves), differ from the common or northern beeches (/agus) thus:
Fagus. Male clusters stalked, many-flowered. Female flowers 2. Styles long.
Nothofagus. Male flowers solitary or in threes, in short axillary cymes. Female flowers 2 or 4.
Styles short. Scales of the 4- (or 2)-parted cupule folding separately.
NOTHOFAGUS Blume.
Style small; stigma capitate. Leaves usually 2-ranked.
Species 12; in Antarctic S. Amer.; 4 in N. Zeal.; WV. cunninghami
forming groves in S. Australia and Tasmania. Also fossil.
Of the Patagonian and Chilian forms some are evergreen with flat
leaves, others have deciduous leaves plicate along the lateral nerves.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Young leaves folded along the lateral nerves. Deciduous.
b. Female flowers in 3’s, enclosed by a 4-merous fruit-cup.
c. Leaf-blades 2~5 cm. long, undulate, bluish-green on under surface. Lobes of fruit-cup
with short, flat, green dorsal processes. N. obliqua.
c2. Leaf-blades of non-flowering or fruiting shoots 10-12 cm. long, not undulate. Lobes
of the fruit-cup with long, leafy, pinnatifid, green appendages. LV. procera.
c3. Leaf-blades 2-2.5 cm. long, somewhat wavy and lobed. Lobes of fruit cup with 3-4
horizontal, short red processes, incised on apical margin. NV. antarctica,
c4. Leaf-blade 2-2.5 cm. long, very reticulate. Lobes of fruit-cup not appendaged.
NV. montagnet.
62. Female flowers solitary. Fruit-cup with 2 small lobes. Narrow. NV. pumitio.
A2. Young leaves flat. Leaves persisting ; trees evergreen.
6. Leaf-blade lanceolate, dark-green. Male flowers in 3’s. LV. dombeyt.
62. Leaf-blades ovate-elliptical, dark-green, glandular underneath. Male flowers solitary.
LV. betuloides.
63. Leaves trapezoid-ovate, yellow-green. Male flowers in 3’s. N, nitida.
A3. Of doubtful place and character. N. alpina.
(I) Leaves plicate along the lateral nerves, deciduous.
1. N. ANTARCTICA (Forst. sub Fagus) Blume. (/agus alpina Poepp. of
DC. Prodr., non Poepp. & Endl.)
Leaves deciduous, plicate in vernation, ovate or elliptical, obtuse, some-
what obliquely truncate at base, bidentate or bicrenate, the lateral nerves
MACLOSKIE: FAGACEA. A 327
tending to the sinuses, glabrescent above, pubescent at margin and on
petiole underneath. Male ferianth funnelform, obtusely lobed. Anthers
slightly exserted, long, mucronulate. vt ovoid,
its scales 1-seriate, rounded, ciliate. Vucules pu-
berulous (Fig. 59).
S. Chili, and S. Patagon., and through Fuegia
to Cape Horn. InCordilleras of S. Patagon. ‘the
most abundant tree.” (J. B. Hatcher. Fruiting
March 8); Staaten I.
Both kinds of flowers are on adjacent branches.
“Bark rough, fruit small.’ (R. O. Cunningham.)
The varieties are numerous.
NOTHOFAGUS ANTARCTICA BICRENATA (JV. Aumelio,
C). Ktze.). N. ANTARCTICA LATIFOLIA F. Kurtz.
Leaves membranous, glabrous, orbiculate-ovate,
lobed, acutely toothed, lateral nerves 3-4, promi-
nent underneath.
Beagle Channel, Navarin I. Nothofagus antarctica. Flow-
ering branch with leaves, stami-
N. ANTARCTICA PALUSTRIS Alboff. nate flower and fruit, (After
; Flora antarctica.
Shrub, over 1 meter high, the younger branches ora antarctica.)
pubescent. Leaves small, ovate, coriaceous, shining above, pale under-
neath, glabrous, glandulous margin crisp, crenulate, the teeth thick-mar-
_ gined, reticulately venous, with the 3-4 lateral nerves prominent under-
neath. Near WV. antarctca uliginosa.
Navarin I. and Olivaia, in bogs.
N. ANTARCTICA SUBALPINA Alboff.
As LV. antarctica palustris, but the /eaves larger (2 cm. by 18 mm.),
more glabrous and subduplicately crenulate.
Beagle Channel, subalpine above Ushuaia, where it forms impene-
trable thickets, low and twisted intricately like a wall.
N. ANTARCTICA SUBLOBATA.
Leaves undulate, few-lobed, and frequently dentate-crenate.
Patagon.; Fuegia, near Cape Horn. (Plate XIV.)
328 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
NOTHOFAGUS ANTARCTICA ULIGINOSA DC. (fagus uliginosa Phil.)
Leaves undulate-margined, frequently crenulate-toothed ; on both sides,
especially on the nerves beneath and on the petioles, finely pubescent
with minute, erect Zazrs.
(Chili); Patagon. In swamps, often as a shrub with small leaves.
Nerves 4—5 on both sides. Chubut, in Andine woods.
2. N. MONTAGNE! (Humb. & Jacq.) Reiche.
Older dvanches cinereous, younger purple, these with short, golden
hairs on one side. Leaves shortly-petioled, ovate,
obtuse, basi-truncate, coriaceous, shining, pale under-
neath, very reticulate, 4—5-lobed and crenate. Lat-
eral werves 3-4 on each side. Juvolucral lobes 4,
oblong, scarcely appendaged. /Vut/ets winged, 3 in
Nothofagus montagnei. each involucre, not ciliate. Leaves smaller than in
Leaves and (to right) invo- AJ gyfarchca (Fig. 60).
lucre. (After Dusén. ) Chante Archip.
3. N. OBLIQUA (Mirb.).
Leaves deciduous, plicate in vernation, elliptical or ovate, obtuse,
irregularly biserrate, the base entire, pilose on the nerves, 18-36 mm.
long and half as broad, the teeth varying in the same leaf. Jale peri-
anth sinuately lobed, anthers longer than the filaments. /vzzt ovoid, its
scales ovate-lanceolate, not spreading.
Chili to Magellan, replacing VV. antarcica in Chili, and reaching the
sea-level at Magellan. Native name ‘ Roble.”’
4. N. PROCERA (Poepp. & Endl.).
Leaves oblong, more rounded at base than at apex, shortly and _hirtly
petiolate, rather large to 10 cm. long, biserrate with 3-4 rather large den-
ticulate crenee, glabrous on upper, pubescent on under surface, margin
ciliate. Flower?) -Pruit2 jLofty tresgue hauls
(Chili); Patagonia?
5. P. pumiLio (Poepp. & Endl.) Blume.
Perhaps a variety of /V. antarctica with leaves regularly bicrenate, og more
closely and deeply serrate, and pubescent on both surfaces. ‘Species
most distinct from JV. antarctica.” (Speg.)
MACLOSKIE: FAGACEA. 329
Patagon.; S. Fuegia (Dusén); S. Patagon., by Hatcher. (Hatcher’s
specimen bore the moss Decranum cirrhifolium C. Muell.) W. Patagon.
“forming groves by the river Aysen, up to an elevation of 1,000 meters,
and up to 1,300 meters as mere shrubs growing in thickets.” (Dusén.)
(11) Leaves not plicate, mostly evergreen.
6. NOTHOFAGUS BETULOIDES (Mirb.) Blume.
Leaves plane, ovate or elliptical, obtuse or subacute, their base un-
equally acute or obtuse, coriaceous, evergreen, rear
crenate-serrate, glabrous, short-petiolate, glan-
dulous-punctate underneath. JA/ale flowers soli-
tary, very short-pediceled, perianth broad-fun-
nelform, obtusely 4—7-lobed, azthers callously
mucronulate. /vuzts solitary, axillary, lobes of
the 4-partite zzvo/ucre oblong with erect fili-
form segments as long as the nucules (Fig. 61).
South Chili and S. Patagon., through Fuegia
to Cape Horn, very abundant; the common
evergreen beech of Fuegia. Fuegian name,
“Ouchpaya.” The coasts of West Magellan
are covered by this and Dyrimys wentert.
(Dusén.) By Hatcher in the Cordilleras of
S. Patagon., bearing the parasitical AZyzodendron cea
punctulatum. Feb.18. ‘Bark smooth, gray.” -“othofagus betuloides. — Leaf-
. : : staminate flower (on right),
Sraten |... West Patagon. ata high elevation. °° Se a
$ and pistillate flower (on left).
(Dusen. ) (After /lora antarctica. )
7. N. pomBeyl (Mirb.) Oerst.
Leaves plane, evergreen, elliptical-ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse both
ways, coriaceous, serrate, glabrous, short-petiolate. Szamenal clusters
much shorter than the leaves. /vwz¢s solitary, axillary; the lobes of the
4-partite zzvol/ucre oblong, 2—3-laciniate, shorter than the nuts.
South Chili, valuable wood, ‘‘coique.”’ Patagon., Chubut; in Pra-
andine woods near Rio Carren-Leofut.
8. N. NITIDA Phil.
Branchlets cinereous, the season’s with dense, short, golden hairs, ap-
pressed upwards. Leaves short-petiolate, most ovate-lanceolate, coria-
330 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
ceous, very shining, serrate, glabrous, the young gold-hairy on petiole
and nerves. J/xvolucre of the female flowers sessile, the young with sca-
rious scales, enclosing five obtusely trigonal nutlets. Male flowers ?
S. Chili; Patagon. ‘Coihue” and“‘Roble.” Except Czpres (Lzboce-
drus) it constitutes almost exclusively the forests of Guaitecas and Chonos.
(III) “Of doubtful place.” (Reiche.)
9. NOTHOFAGUS ALPINA (Poepp. & Endl. sub Fagus).
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, basally rotundate, serrulate, rough on both
sides, ciliate, glutinous above. Jzvolucral lobes ovate, dorsally and
marginally appendiculate; the appendages incised or multifid, glandular. .
(S. Chili); Patagonia.
(Not Fagus alpina Poepp., of DC. Prodr., which is /. anfarctica Forst.)
Dusén gives the following species of Fagacez as occurring in a fossil
condition in Fuegia or Patagonia:
Fagus dicksont Dus., at Barancas de Carmen Sylva, Fuegia.
fF’. integrifolia Dus., at Barancas de Carmen Sylva, Fuegia.
fF. subferruginea Dus., at Barancas de Carmen Sylva and at Punta
Arenas.
Nothofagus australis Dus., at Barancas, Rio Condor and Rio Guillermo.
NV. crenulata Dus., at Rio Guillermo.
LV. densi-nervosa Dus., at Barancas, Rio Condor and Rio Beta.
LV. elongata Dus., Barancas.
NV. lanceolata Dus., at Barancas, Rio Guillermo, Punta Arenas.
NV. magelanica Engelh., Barancas.
NV. cfr. obfagua Mirb., Conception.
NV. sevvriulata Dus., Barancas and Punta Arenas.
NV. simplicidens Dus., at Barancas, Rio Condor, Punta Arenas.
LV. variabilis Dus.
Family 24. Urticacea. Nettle Family.
Usually -herbs with watery sap, simple, alternate or opposite /eaves,
mostly stipulate, and often with stinging /azvs,; and clusters of small, sex-
ually distinct, apetalous flowers. Calyx 2-5-parted, stamens as many,
opposite its lobes. /7/aments reflexed and anthers reversed n the bud.
MACLOSKIE: URTICACEA. Bei
Ovary free, 1-celled; s¢#y/e 1, undivided; ovule 1. vet an achene, with
scanty exdosperm.
Species 1,500, in warm and temperate countries.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
A, Perianth consisting of 2-5 distinct leaves. Foliage-leaves opposite.
1. Stinging. Flowers 4-merous. Achene enclosed in one of the two larger sepals.
Urtica.
2. Not stinging, smooth and shining. Flowers mostly 3-merous; their sepals unequal, all,
or all but one, small. Achenes partly naked. Leaves of a pair unequal. <Adicea (Pilea),
Az. Perianth symphyllous, tubular or campanulate in the fertile flowers. Plants not stinging.
Parietaria.
Tee BIGAy Linn + Nettle.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, serrate or incised, with stinging hairs, and
distinct or connate stipules. A/Zowers 4-merous, in axillary clusters,
dicecious or monoecious or androgynous. 4chenes compressed, enclosed
in the persisting calyx.
Species 30, widely dispersed extratropically.
1. U. parwini Hook. f.
Stem slender, erect, sparsely pilose, or even glabrous. Leaves mem-
branaceous, ovate-acuminate, coarsely crenate-serrate, rounded at base,
3-nerved, finely punctate, puberulous; petiole slender; s/fu/es \inear-
oblong, subacute. /Vowers glomerate, in slender, setose, interrupted
spikes longer than the petiole. (Larger flowers and achenes than U.
diotca. )
Chonos Archip. j
2, U., pioice Linn.
Root perennial. Sem erect, the whole plant stinging orsmooth. Leaves
ovate-acuminate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate, cordate or rounded at base;
stipules in pairs between the petioles. Sfzkes in pairs, mostly dicecious,
much branched, exceeding the petiole, pendulous in fruit.
(N. Temperate zone, fig. in Brit. & Br. i, 531); Magellan. (Dusén.)
3. U. MAGELLANICA Poir.
Stem stout, erect, hispid. Leaves subcoriaceous, rugose, ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, basicordate, acutely serrate-dentate, setose on both
sides; stipules linear-oblong, acute. G/omerules setose, in interrupted
spikes, shorter than the petioles or longer.
332 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
S. and W. Patagonia; Magellan. Fuegia to Cape Horn.
(‘One of Anson’s ships had its crew cured of scurvy by nettle-tops at
the west part of Magellan Strait; 1742.’’)
4. URTICA SPATULATA Smith.
Stem erect or ascending, to 30 cm. high. Glabrous between the
stinging hairs. Leaves small, rotundate, basi-cuneate, incised, with lan-
ceolate, acute teeth; petiole exceeding the limb; s#fu/es interpetiolar.
Clusters crowded, shorter than the petioles. The larger segments of the
fruiting ca/yx unarmed.
S. Brazil; common about Bahia Blanca, and probably in N. Patagon.
5. U. uRENS Linn.
Annual. Sem stout, 40 cm. tall, stinging-bristly, leafy to the top.
Leaves thin, nearly glabrous, elliptic-ovate, deeply incised or biserrate,
3-5-nerved, all slender-petioled. SfAzkes in pairs, oblong, subsimple,
shorter than the petioles. dchenes granulate.
(Eur, nat. in N? Amer, iio sint Dil accebicstes 32)
N. Patagon., in cultivated places near Carmen de Patagones. Magel-
lan, introd.; Fuegia, at Ushuaia, rare.
2. ADICEA Raf. (1815). (ea Lindl, 1821). Clearweed.
Moncecious or dioecious, with axillary cymes and not stinging. JZale
flowers 4-merous, rarely 2—3-merous, with rudimentary ovary ; female
flowers unequally 3-merous, with staminal rudiments. Leaves opposite,
stipules connate into a single interpetiolar stipule. Bvacts small, rarely a
few larger.
Species 150, most in trop. Amer.
A. ELLIpTicaA (Hook. f. sub Pé/ea).
Stem low, sparsely branching. Leaves long-stalked, membranaceous,
elliptical, subobtuse, coarsely crenate-serrate, 3-nerved; pubescence
minute-appressed (due to raphides). dale flowers in a long-stalked,
capitate umbel; /emale flowers glomerate, sessile. Achene orbicular,
compressed, obliquely emarginate. ~
Chonos Archip.
MACLOSKIE : PROTEACE:. 333
Crate RIA Sinn
Herbs, mostly diffuse, with 3-8-flowered, androgynous, axillary cymzles
of 4, rarely 3-merous flowers. Leaves alternate, entire, 3-nerved, exstip-
ulate. Fertile flowers sometimes hermaphrodite, with a tubular or cam-
panulate, 4-lobed calyx, free from the involucral bracts. S#gma short or
linear, tufted.
Species 8, chiefly in temperate regions of both hemispheres.
PP pEBILIS Gy Forster.
Annual, with erect or diffuse s¢em, and ovate, or rhomboid, or sub-
rotund /eaves. Cymes few-flowered. 4vacfs linear or lanceolate, scarcely
enlarged in fruit.
(Subtropical) ; Chubut, in cultivated fields.
Family 25. Proteaces.
Shrubs or trees, rarely perennial herbs; with exstipulate leaves, and
4-merous flowers with single symphyllous, hypogynous fevianth, the 4
stamens inserted on and included in the perianth. Ovary 1-celled, with
terminal style. Seeds mostly 1-few, without endosperm.
Species 1,000, most in Austral. and S. Africa; few in the Orient and
eer acifc Is. and S. Amer.
(“All the American species belong to the section having flowers in
pairs, enclosed by the bract.”” R. Brown, 1811.)
KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Leaves simple. Perianth-tube cleft behind. Seeds usually more than 4.
6. Shrub with terminal racemes of red flowers. Capsule long, leathery or almost woody. A
ring-formed hypogynous disk. 1. Embothrium.
62. Trees or shrubs with axillary or terminal racemes. Capsule leathery, broad and flat.
Hypogynous disk represented by 3 broad, truncated, glandular processes.
2. Tricondylus (Lomatia).
Az2. Trees with alternate, pinnate leaves, and axillary racemes of white flowers, having cylin-
draceous perianth-tube, the segments separating from the base. Hypogynous disk a
fleshy, 2-lobed half-ring. Seeds. 2, rarely 4, becoming coral-red “ hazel-nuts.”’
3. Guevina.
1 EMBOTHRIUM Forst.
Evergreen shrubs, with sparse, coriaceous, entire /eaves, and dense, ter-
minal vacemes of geminately pediceled red flowers, with none or a few
334 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
minute dvac¢s, and a semiannular, fleshy, hypogynous ask. Perianth-tube
cylindrical, cleft behind. Ova/es many, becoming samaroid.
Species 4, in Extratropical S. Amer.
1. EMBOTHRIUM COCCINEUM Forst.
Leaves subsessile, oval, obtuse, attenuate basewards, underneath opaque-
pale, and veinless; veiny and shiny above. /edice/s shorter than the
calyx, and sty/e as long, its apex fusiform.
Handsome; fig. in Eng. & Prantl, 11, I, p. 123, C.,, & p. 149, AS
S. and W. Patagon., by Lago Argentino, Cabo Negro, Magellan;
Fuegia to Cape Horn; at Lago Nahuel-huapi. (Dusén.)
E. COCCINEUM OBLANCEOLATUM O. Ktze.
Leaves of floriferous branches oblanceolate, rather obtuse, broad above.
(Chili); Patagon.
E. COCCINEUM OBOVATUM O. Ktze.
Leaves short, obovate, 1-3 cm. broad, rather obtuse.
(Chili); Patagon.
2. E. LANCEOLATUM R. & P.
Leaves short-petioled, oval-oblong, lanceolate, or narrower, obtuse,
mucronulate, attenuate basewards or both ways, discolored, opaque or
shining above, I-nerved, nearly veinless. FPedzce/s as long as the calyx,
25 mm.; stigma oblong-fusiform, smooth.
(S. Chili); Chubut, in shrubberies by the hills.
2. TRICONDYLUS Kn. & Salisb. (Lomata Br.).
Trees or shrubs, with racemes of geminately pediceled flowers. /ere-
anth-tube oblique, cleft behind. Hypogynous glands 3. Stgma on a
lateral disk. Ovales many, becoming samaroid.
Species 9, Chili, E. Austral. and Tasmania.
1. i). DENTATUS SU oOcg JOE tes
Leaves oval, serrate-dentate, glabrous as the fefa/s. Racemes .\ateral,
abbreviate. Calyx pilose. Ovary tomentose.
(Chili); Patagon.
MACLOSKIE : LORANTHACEA:. 335
2. TRICONDYLUS FERRUGINEUS (Br.).
Leaves most opposite or whorled, bipinnatifid, woolly when young.
Perianth short, dilated below. Seed sometimes winged, as in other
Chilian species, sometimes wingless as in Australian species.
(S. Chili); Chonos Archipel.; Magellan. (R. O. Cunningham.)
Near Lago Nahuel-huapi.
Be OBLIOUUS "(Reed ba Oe Ktze.
Leaves ovate, serrate, glabrous. Racemes axillary, the fedzce/s and
calyx pilose. Stigma deciduous.
(Chili); Patagon., Chubut.
T. OBLIQUUS ALNIFOLIUS (Poepp.).
Leaves densely toothed, the teeth often rather acute. Racemes gener-
ally shorter than the leaves.
(Chili); Chubut, in mountain groves.
3. GUEVINA Molina.
A tree, with unequally pinnate /eaves, having toothed leaflets. Flowers
paired, pediceled, in long, axillary racemes. Svacts minute, caducous, or
none. /fevianth-limb recurved; anthers subsessile on the lobes. Ovules
2, rarely 4, collateral. Dyvufe i-seeded, size of a cherry, coral-red,
edible, ‘‘ Chilian hazel-nut.”
Species only 1, viz:
G. AVELLANA Molina.
Leaflets 2-5 pairs, short-petioled or sessile, ovate or cuneate-obovate or
subrotund, 3-10 cm. long. Racemes dense-flowered, tomentose.
(Chili); W. Patagon.
Family 26. Lorantuace#. Mistletoe Family.
Green parasites on woody plants. Leaves mostly opposite. /lowers
either perfect or dicecious or moncecious, with single or double, regular
perianth. Perianth-tube adnate to ovary. Stamens 2-6, epiphyllous.
Ovary 1-carpellary, 1-seeded. .Sty/e 1 or none; fruit a berry. Lndo-
sperm large.
336 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 500, mostly in warm countries, radiating from the Himalayas ;
to Austral. and N. Zeal.; through Afr.; few in Eur. and N. Amer. ; sev-
eral in Chili.
LORANTHUS Linn.
Flowers hermaphrodite or abortively dicecious. evianth double.
Shrubs with entire thickish aves.
Species 320, many in S. Amer.; none in N. Amer.
1, Le CUNEIROLIUS: RUizecceaNy.
Leaves subsessile, cuneiform, subacuminate, shining. Peduncles 1-3 in
the axils, 1-flowered, one third as long as the leaf. /efads 6, linear-spat-
ulate. Berry black.
(S. Brazil); N. Patagon.
2. LL. TETRANDRUS aK Ulzeccs Lav.
Leaves ovate, obtuse, subcordate, coriaceous. Corymd subsessile, of
many 4-merous, scarlet flowers. Pedzce/s short, pubescent, 3-bracted.
Corolla-lobes cochleariform, acute.
(Chili, called “Quintial’’); Patagon. (‘‘ Flowers crowded,” R. O. Cun-
ningham. )
(Most of the species of Lovanthus are of the Old World, and tropical,
from Himalaya to Australia, New Zealand, and through Africa. Here
where seeds are carried by birds and over oceans, several genera have
representatives both in Australia and in South America; as Gazadendron,
Phrygilanthus. Also Tupeia of New Zealand is close to Lefzdoceros and
Antidaphne, confined to the Andes. These facts with others point toa
former subtropical, subpolar vegetation. — A. Engler.)
Family 27. Myzopenprace&. Angels’-beard. (Plate XIV.)
Dicecious, leafy or leafless shrubs, of the habit of Mistletoe, Aarasztical
on the branches of beeches in the southern parts of South America.
Flowers small, in catkins or racemes; the #za/e flowers without perianth,
having 2-3 one-celled anthers on top of a column around a depressed
gland; the female flowers with a single, 3-parted Jervdanth, adnate to the
trigonal ovary; from whose corners issue 3 se/@, which in fruit become
long, hairy appendages.
MACLOSKIE: MYZODENDRACE. 337
Only 1 genus, with 12 species, all in Chili, Patagonia, and neighboring
islands.
MYZODENDRON Banks & Sol. ‘Barba de Anjel.”’
(Figures in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 1, p. 200, and fine plates in Hook., FI.
Antarct.) The plumes may anchor the achenes on branches of trees till
they germinate.
1. M. BRACHYSTACHYUM DC.
Leaves narrow, oblong, nearly nerveless. /Vowers in axillary racemes.
Stamens 3. Plumes 6 times as long as the fruit.
S. Patag., Cabo Negro; Magellan; Fuegia; Staaten I. (Not common.)
“Twigs thicker than in JZ, punctulatum.” (R. O. Cunningham.)
2. M. LINEARIFOLIUM DC.
Glabrous. Leaves linear, acute. lowers sessile, solitary in the axils
on the flowering branches.
(Chili); S. Patagon., Cabo Negro. (Dusén.)
3. M. MACROLEPIS Phil.
Patagon., on branches of beech, near Lago Nahuel-huapi.
4. M. OBLONGIFOLIUM DC.
Leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, larger than in the preceding.
Flowers in axillary racemes. Plumes about 18 times as long as the fruit.
(S. Chili); Magellan. Fuegia.
5. M. PATAGONICUM Speg.
Slender, erect, densely fastigiate-branching, terete, all yellow-ferrugi-
nous, glabrous, but minutely and densely verruculose. Leaves very few,
alternate or opposite, linear, small, submembranaceous, lutescent-green,
glabrous. Sf#ckes acrogenous, continuous with the supporting branchlets.
Rachis slender, leafless, erect. Spzkele¢s mostly geminate-opposite, 5—7-
jugous, the pairs remote, cylindraceous, small, patent, about 10-flowered.
Scales obtuse, glabrous, 2-flowered.
Patagon., in dense woods near Nahuel-huapi; parasite on ?.
338 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
6. MyZODENDRON PUNCTULATUM (Banks) Sol.
Leafiess; the branches with projecting disks depressed in their center.
Staminal flowers in catkins; stamens 2. Achenes 4 mm. long; plumes
about Io times as long.
Common everywhere in Patagon. By Hatcher on Vothofagus betu-
Joides Mirb. at Punta Arenas; in fruit Feb. 18, 1897. Fuegia, assem, on
Nothofagus antarctica. Staaten I. (Plate XIV.)
7. M. QUADRIFLORUM DC.
Leaves small, broad, obtuse. flowering branches long, bearing 1-
leaved branchlets, alternating; each branchlet 3-5-flowered. Achenes
linear; A/wmes slender, with brown, naked top.
S. Patagon. ; Magellan ; Staaten I. ; S. Fuegia, Ushuaia, Navarino (rather
rare).
8. M. RIOQUINOENSE O. Ktze.
Leafless, 20 cm. long, much branching, all brownish-yellow. Branches
terete, suberect, everywhere punctulate-warty. SAzkes sessile, dense, 10-
flowered, scarcely 1 cm. long. Sracts cup-like, very remote in the upper,
sterile branches. Sefe 3, 3 times exceeding the fruit; barbate-pilose, the
hairs one third as long as the seta. Ovary cylindrical; s#gma sessile,
conical, scarcely 3-lobed. Male plant unknown. Parasite on Beech.
(Chili); Chubut, woods along Carren-leofi, and by Rio Aysen in W.
Patagon.
Family 28. Sanratace&. Sandalwood Family.
Mostly herbs or shrubs, with entire, exstipulate eaves and greenish,
apetalous flowers, perfect or diclinous. Ca/yx adnate to the ovary, 5-6
lobed, bearing as many stamens. . Ovary 1-locular; ovules 2-3, pendu-
lous; style simple. Drufe or nut, having 1 seed, with large endosperm.
Species 250, chiefly tropical.
Kry To THE GENERA.
A, Tube of the more or less epigynous perianth not produced above the ovary, or produced and
then covered by the disk. Fruits drupaceous.
6. Disk entire, or only ventricose-lobed.
c. Flowers 4-merous, in I1-3’s, subsessile among the uppermost leaves. Perianth-leaves
free to the disk. Low herb, with linear leaves. 1. Nanodea.
MACLOSKIE: SANTALACEA. 339
c2. Flowers 5-merous, in sessile, quasi-catkins at the defoliated nodes. Perianth-leaves
distinct to the ovary. Shrub with small, plane leaves. Fruit pea-like.
2. Myoschilos.
62. Disk produced to interstaminal lobes. Axillary, sessile fascicles of 4~5-merous flowers.
Shrub having rhomboid leaves with spinescent angles. 3. Lodina.
Az, Tube of the perigynous perianth more or less produced above the ovary, and not covered
by the disk. Spikes terminal. Fruits nutlets.
6, Low herbs with linear or sublanceolate, rather rigid leaves. Flowers 4~5-merous. Bracts
and bractlets not coalescing. 4. Arjona.
62. Low herbs with linear leaves. Bracts and bractlets coalescing into a calyculus below the
mostly 5-merous flowers. 5. Quinchamalium.
1. NANODEA Banks.
Low, moss-like, with alternate, narrow-linear /eaves, concealing the per-
fect, subsessile flowers, which are mostly solitary. Calyx not produced
above the ovary. JDzsk concave. Fruit a drupe.
Species, 1, viz. :
N. muscosa Gaertn. f.
Stem 6 cm. high. Upper eaves 8-16 mm. long. Flowers violet, 3 mm.
long.
Magellan, in damp meadows; S. Fuegia (Dusén) ; Staaten I.; Falklands.
Zev Y OSCHIVOS Ruize& Pav.
Branching, glabrous shrub, with small alternate, entire /eaves, and cat-
kin-like sfzkes at the leafless nodes of last year’s branches. lowers
hermaphrodite, severally subtended by dvacts,; calyx-lobes 5, glabrous,
their bases bearing 5 short stamens with small anthers. Disk broad;
style 3-lobed. Ovules 3, pendulous. fAvrut a drupe, sometimes with
persisting bracts and calyx-lobes.
Species 1, Viz. :
M. oBLoncus Ruiz & Pav.
Leaves ovate, mucronulate, 12-25 mm. long, shortly petioled. SAzkes
4-6 mm., ovoid, fowers purplish. Calyx-lodes transversely sulcate. Drape
purple, pea-like.
S. Patagon., upper valley of Rio Gallegos. (O. Nordenskjéld.) (Chili
and Peru.) An infusion of its leaves is used for senna. ‘‘Codo-coypu” ;
food of the coypu rodent (AZyocastor coypus).
&
340 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
MYOSCHILOS OBLONGUS ANGUSTUS (Phil.). Leaves narrow-linear. Pata-
gonia (?).
3. IODINA. Hook. & Arn.
Tall, glabrous shrub, with alternate, rhombic, spinescent-angled, cori-
aceous /eaves, and sessile, axillary cymes of 5-merous, puberulent flowers.
Calyx with its free part broad-campanulate. Sf#/e conical, 3-cleft.
Ovules pendulous on a central placenta. Globose dvufe, separating into
segments. |
Speciessi,.vize=
I. RHOMBIFOLIA Hook. & Arn.
(S. Brazil; Argentina); N. Patagon., in small groves at wide intervals
over the dry ground. Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iti, 1, p. 223. Called by
the Spaniards ‘‘Sambretoro,” a name also applied to Maytenus ; by the
Araucarians ‘“Trallian.”’
4. ARJONA Cay.
Low herbs, often with tuberiferous rootlets, with alternate, linear or
lanceolate, rigid, acute, glabrous /eaves, often recurved; and pubescent
flowers in a terminal sfzke, with bract and free bractlets. Calyx-tube
continuing above the ovary; the 5 lobes recurved, spreading. Stamens
included; anthers linear-oblong. Annular asf distinct from calyx. fat
nut-like, enclosed in bracts and bractlets.
Species 9, in Chili and Patagon.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves narrow-linear, 1-nerved, glabrous. Perianth silky outside. Racemes few-flowered.
6, Leaves soft, green, apex mucronate. Perianth glabrous inside. ameghinot.
62. Leaves flaccid. Perianth tufted inside. pusilla,
Az. Leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, woolly. adpressa.
A3. Leaves long-linear, nervose, glabrous. Stem striate, apically naked and villous. longifolia.
A4. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5-nerved, largest upwards, amplexicaul. rigida.
A5. Leaves ovate, 7-nerved, upwards lanceolate and 5-nerved.
6. Leaves shorter, with rigid points, deficient downwards. patagonica.
62, Leaves longer, smooth or hairy, to woolly. tuberosa,
1. A. AMEGHINOI Speg.
Soft, green, glabrous, perennial herb. Leaves alternate, narrow-linear,
I-nerved, apex minutely and acutely callose-mucronate. Racemes very
depauperate, 1-5-flowered, relaxed. vacts ovate-cochleate, green, gla-
a
MACLOSKIE: SANTALACEA. 341
brous, except the apex. /Pevzgonium 5 times exceeding the bracts, outside
appressed villous-silky, inside glabrous.
S. Patagon., in wet places by Rio Chico, at Chonk-aike.
2. ARJONA ADPRESSA Phil.
Densely arachnoid woolly. Leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, the lower dis-
tant, subreflexed, the upper appressed, mostly imbricate. Flowers?
Tubercles edible.
W. Patagon., along Rio Aysen, in rocky mountain meadows.
3. A. LONGIFOLIA Phil.
Stem sulcate-striate, its apex naked, villous. Leaves rigid, rather dis-
tant, long-linear, nervous, glabrous. /erzgonza/ tube 12 mm. long, twice
as long as the ovate, short bract.
(Mendoza); Chubut, in hills near Rio Carren-leoft.
4. A. pataGconicA Homb. & Jacq. (4. tuberosa v. patagonica DC.)
Strict, erect, simply branching. Lowest /eaves ovate, 7-nerved; the
others lanceolate, 5-nerved; all with a rigid point. /evzantf pilose inside,
with pencils; lobes apically callous, glabrous inside. vacts half shorter
than the perianth-tube. Leaves shorter than in 4. fuberosa, deficient
downwards.
(Bahia Blanca); N. Patagon.; Punta Arenas; Fuegia; S. Patagon.
(at Rio Coy, J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 30, 1896. ‘No tuberosity on roots.”
None should be expected at the date.). Spanish name ‘“ Macachina.”’
Araucanian, ‘“Sakel.’’ ‘In winter one or more tubers are developed;
these are eaten, raw or cooked. Southwards this is replaced by a differ-
ent species with larger and thinner tubers.” (Claraz per J. Ball. )
5. A. pusILLa Hook. f.
Stem slender, erect, simple or divided. Leaves flaccid, generally re-
curved, long-linear, acuminate, the margins glabrous, 1-nerved. flowers
few, the outer bract large, cymbiform, obtuse, glabrate; the calyx exter-
nally silky, its throat enlarged between the stamens, with fascicles of
jointed hairs. S#gmas 3, small.
SeeLatavon, at Killik Aike, and Rio Coy (J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 13.
“White to purplish.”) Magellan, E., N. and S. Fuegia (Dusen); by
Rio Chubut.
342 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
6. ARJONA RIGIDA Miers. (4. tuberosa Phil. non Cav.)
Low undershrub, 7 cm. high, with slender, striate, glabrous stems
Leaves smaller and sparse below, larger and denser above, linear-lanceo-
late, canaliculate, amplexicaul, cuspidate-pungent, 5-nerved, margin carti-
laginous, divaricate, glabrous. Jflorescence terminal, with a short silky
peduncle, sessile flowers, and ovate-lanceolate, villous calycle. Lvacts 2,
laterally opposite, concealed by the calyculus, oblong, snowy-tomentose.
Perigonium orange, retrorsely villous on outside. 7wbe slender; seg-
ments oblong, acute, glabrous inside. Filaments short; azthers included.
Ovary 5-angular. S¢y/e filiform, 3-branched.
(Argentina to Mendoza); probably in N. Patagon.
7. A. TUBEROSA Cav.
Herb from a woody base, 12 cm. high; branches glabrescent. Leaves
smooth or hairy, the lowest ovate-acute, 7-nerved; the others lanceolate,
5-nerved. Svacts and bractlets ovate-acute, hairy outside. Pevianth-
fube cylindrical, funnelform upwards, pilose or silky.
S. Patagon., Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.); Magellan; Rio Sta.
Cruz (Hatcher); Puerto Deseado; N. and E. Chili; Golfo de San Jorge
(Mts. of Chili).
A. TUBEROSA LANATA n. var. (Plate XVI.)
‘Apparently a woolly variety of 4. fuberosa Cav., from which it differs
very slightly in the flower.” (Royal Gardens, Kew.)
By J. B. Hatcher in S. Patagon.
5. QUINCHAMALIUM Juss.
Low, glabrous herbs, with alternate, very narrow /eaves and terminal
spikes or heads of flowers, with a depressed, cup-like calycle, having a
lacerate margin. Calyx globose, 4-5-costz, ending in as many teeth, one
of these slightly enlarged. Covo//a tubular, its throat enlarged and bearing
the slightly exserted, ovate-cordate axthers, which are opposite the acutely
oblong, subrecurved corolla-lobes. S#y/e filiform with 3 small s#gmas.
Ovary ovoid-globose, 1-celled, with 3 ovules. Vw¢t 1-seeded within the
persistent calyx.
Species 20, in the Andes; the expressed juice is used medicinally as a
drink.
MACLOSKIE: SANTALACEA. 343
(J. Miers would place 4vjona, Myoschilos and Quinchamalium in Ola-
cace@, because they have a double perianth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., xvii,
p. 138.)
I. QUINCHAMALIUM CHILENSE Molina. ‘ Quinchamali.”
Annual, with stout fistular sfem, 12 cm. high, the branches all reaching
nearly the same height. Leaves diverging and curving upwards, linear-
lanceolate, acute at both ends, margin subrevolute, 1-nerved on short
petioles. Peduncle 4-angled. //owers 5-merous, numerous in terminal
globular ead's.
(Chili); Patagon. Figs. G-P in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 1, p. 226.
Q. CHILENSE PROCUMBENS.
2. Q. GRACILE Brongn.
Very slender, with a flexuous, fibrilliferous voo/, and erect, slender szems,
about 5-8 cm. high. Leaves linear, subfalcate, mucronate on a short
petiole. //ead of small, orange flowers. Covol/a divided half way into 5
narrow segments. /vuzt small, 5-costate, lemon-colored, in the calyx.
Patagon., by Rio Chubut; Lago Blanco; Rio Senger.
3. Q. majus Brongn.
Stems erect, 25 cm. high, apically branching. Leaves linear, acute,
12-25 mm. long, sparse, the uppermost scabrous-margined. /zvolucel
glabrous; flowers rather large; Jerigonzum 15 mm. long, yellow-orange.
QO. MAJUS SPEGAZZINII (Speg. var. sine nomine).
Fructiferous s¢ems thickening from the base gradually to the apex.
Patagon., by Rio Chubut.
4. Q. PATAGONICUM F. Phil.
Perennial. Svems ascending, striate, slender. Leaves fleshy, linear,
apiculate. Segments of Jevzanth two thirds as long as the 10 mm. tube.
Stamens with very short filaments, and anthers one third or one half as
long as the perianth-segments, slender. .S/y/e shorter than the anthers.
Fruit inclosed in the subglobose, crustaceous, free, toothed involucre.
W. Patagon., in the Cordilleras. Stem 11 cm. long. Flowers 15-20
in a dense capitate spike. Larger leaves 12 by1 mm. Like Q. andinum
344 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Ph. and Q. “narzoides Ph., but distinguished by its free crustaceous calyx
enclosing the fruit.
Family 29. OLacaces.
Trees or shrubs with mostly alternate, simple, entire exstipulate /eaves,
and perfect, regular, 4-6-merous flowers, having a double ferzanth, the
outer being small, cup-like, adnate to the hypogynous disk. Inner peri-
anth-leaves distinct or united, and bearing 1-3 (mostly 2) times as many
stamens. Ovary 1i-celled, rarely partially 2—4-celled; the cells mostly
with 1 pendulous ovale. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe or nut, with large
endosperm and no testa.
Species 140, tropical. Two genera occur only in S. Amer. and W.
Afr., one, Hlezstevza, with 20 sp. in S. Amer. and 1 sp. in Afr., the other
Ptychopetalum, with 2 sp. in W. Afr. and 1 in Guiana and N. Brazil. It
is uncertain whether the outer floral cup is a true calyx, or an involucre.
XIMENIA Plum.
Flowers 4-merous; inner fervzanth of 4 (rarely 5) linear, white leaves,
hairy inside, apically revolute. SzZamens 8-10. Ovary long-conical, 4-
celled, 4-ovuled. Dyvupe ovoid, globular. Often with thorny branches.
Species 5, in S. Amer., Africa, Asia, and N. Caledon. Its hard wood
is used as sandal-wood in the East Indies, and its fruit is eaten.
X. AMERICANA Linn.
Leaves oblong. Feduncles several-flowered, the lower often changed
into spines.
(Guiana, Brazil, etc.) (Fig. in Eng. and Prantl, ili, 1, p. 237.) N.
Patagon.
Family 30.. Hypnoracea.
Succulent, parasitical herbs, with branching, /eafless creeping rhzzozds,
which radiate from the insertion of the nutritive root, and produce here
and there large fowers emerging from the ground. /A/owers hermaphro-
dite, with single, 3-4-lobed, regular Aevzanth, and inferior ovary. Stamens
sessile within the tubes, isomerous and alternating, with many anthers
having linear pollen sacs. Ovary 1-celled, with many parietal A/acente,
MACLOSKIE: POLYGONACE4:. 345
having many pendulous seeds. fruit fleshy. Embryo globose, with
endosperm and perisperm. .
Species 8, Africa, and 3 species in extratropical S. Amer.
PROSOPANCHE DeBary.
Flowers on a leather-colored stalk, 3-merous, the 3 stamens surmounting
3 fleshy stamznodes which are deeper in the tube. /%acente plate-like,
as 3 partitions of the ovary, enclosing the seeds.
Species 2.
1. P. BONACINAI Speg.
Tuber deeply delitescent, suborbicular or lenticular, branches solitary,
long, hypogzeous, I-flowered. //owers suberous-coriaceous, mostly 3-
merous, with inferior, globose ovary, of the size of a hazel-nut, and with
long, slender tube which equals or surpasses the thick apical lobes, them-
selves exceeding the long-ovate stamznal column. Fruit subbaccate,
small, slightly pulpy. Mostly the perianth-lobes are the only parts visible
above the ground. The tubercle is buried several meters deep.
N. Patagon., by Rio Colorado, from the preandine region to the At-
lantic, ‘‘Flor de tierra,’ parasitical on Baccharis salictfolia, Gourhea
decorticans and on species of Savcornia. Its pulverized staminal column
is used as hemostatic, and its decoction as internal medicine.
2. P. BURMEISTERI DeBary.
(S. Amer., in pampas of Argentina, on roots of species of Prosopis ;
sometimes so common that pigs are driven to feed on the fruits.)
Family 31. Potyconace#. Buckwheat Family.
Herbs or shrubs, with jointed szems, and usually sheathing s#pz/es (these
obsolete in the Avzogonum section). //owers small, regular, perfect or vari-
ously diclinous. Petalsnone. Ca/yx free, 2—-6-parted, its segments some-
times petaloid. Stamens 2-9, hypogynous. Ovary 1-carpeled, 1-ovuled;
style 2-3-cleft. 4chene lenticular or 3-angled (or rarely 4-angled). Am-
éryo orthotropous, in mealy endosperm.
Species 800, widely distributed.
346 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Key To THE GENERA.
A. Flowers cyclic, small. Endosperm not ruminate.
6, Stipules none.
c. Partial inflorescence without an involucre. Stamens 3. Bracts smooth, not accrescent.
Dwarf annual. 1. Kenigia (Macounastrumy).
c2. Flowers involucrate. Stamens 9. 2. Eriogonum.
62. Stipules ochreate. Flowers 3-merous. Perianth more or less coriaceous about the fruit,
yet not close. 3. Rumex.
Az. Flowers acyclic; floral leaves mostly upright in fruit.
6. Endosperm not ruminate. Embryo small, not folded. 4. Polygonum.
62. Endosperm ruminate. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Perianth dry about the
fruit, wingless. Climbers. 5. Antigonum.
63. Endosperm ruminate. Subdicecious, twining plants. Perianth fleshy: about the fruit,
5-partite. 6. Muchlenbeckia.
tr KQNIGIA Linn. Macounastvum Small.
Dwarf, glabrous annuals, fleshy, subsessile. Leaves small, oval, entire,
whorled at the top, differing below. Flowers few in the axils, crowded
among the upper leaves, minute, articulated on the pedicels; each sub-
tended by a bract, which is adnate to and shorter than its pedicel.
Pertanth deeply 3 (2—-4)-cleft; stamens 3 (1-4), short. Nut trigonal or
compressed. The name Aenzgia L., though dating from 1767, is rejected
by Small, because of Kowzg of Adans, 1763. This may be justified by the
confusion caused by several other applications of the same name, sub-
sequent to 1767, as Konigia, Koniga,
and Kenga, but Kenzgia is not iden-
tical with Konzg and has priority over
the others.
Species 2, one (XK. zslandica L.) in
arctic regions, extending to the Hima-
laya; the otherin Fuegia. Fig. in Brit.
a Nei h tovilyd,
K. FUEGIANA Dusén.
Kenigia fuegiana. Flowering branch; and
(on right) stipular sheath (after Dusén). Intricately branching, sordid-green.
Root fibrous, producing several, short,
dichotomizing stems. Leaves fleshy, subsessile, alternate, crowding
upwards, obtuse. Stipules connate, forming ample, short sheaths.
Flowers in 3's or more, the apical small, yellow-green, with small,
MACLOSKIE: POLYGONACE. 347
scarious bracts. Perianth 3-parted, its lobes erect, obtuse, oval or longer.
Anthers 3. Stigmas 2, sessile, nearly globose. Seeds trigonal (Fig. 62).
S. Fuegia, by Rio Azopardo. (Dusén.) Lower and more densely
branching than K. ¢slandtca.
2. ERIOGONUM Michx.
Stemless or leafy-stemmed herbs without ochreze. lowers small, in
cymes, umbels or heads, subtended by zxzvolucres. Calyx 6-cleft or 6-
partite. Stamens 9. Style 3-parted; stigma capitate. Achene 3-angled.
Species 160, chiefly in the Western United States.
FE. AMEGHINOI Speg.
Curvembryum. Low, leafy annual; the radical leaves orbiculate, basally
rounded or subcordate, long-petioled; the cau/nve elliptical or obovate,
basally cuneate, short-petioled; when young somewhat villous, afterwards
glabrate. /eduncles numerous, at first scapiform, afterwards 5—6-times
dichotomizing, pubescent. J/zvolucre sessile, campanulate, 5-lobed.
Perigontum more or less pediceled, exsert; the segments narrow,
acutish, pubescent, yellowish inside.
S. Patagon., in dry places between S. Julian and Rio Deseado, and
near Lago Colu-huapi. Differs from £&. votundifolium Benth., by the
sessile involucres, and narrower perigonial segments.
3. RUMEX Linn. Sorrel.
Stems leafy, grooved, with cylindrical sheathing stzpules and paniculate
flowers. Calyx, 2-seriate, each series 3-leaved; the inner 3 becoming
wings in fru, one or all having a basal tubercle. Stamens 6, short.
Style 3-parted; stzgmas tufted. Achenes trigonal.
Species 130, widespread in nontropical regions. Several in Chili and
Argentina. Few in Brazil, Austral., or N. Zeal., 1 in Tristan; some in
S. Afr.
KEY TO THE SPECIES,
A, Dicecious or polygamous; leaves more or less hastate (except 43.)
6. Basal leaves stalked, upper sessile. Fruiting calyx enlarged. acetosa.
62. Leaves all stalked. Fruiting calyx not enlarged. Rootstalk creeping.
acetosella,
53. Leaves rosulate, wavy, lanceolate. Stems short. hippiatricus.
348 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A2. Hermaphrodite ; leaves not hastate.
6, Fruiting calyx entire. Leaves usually petiolate.
c. Leaves narrow-spatulate, basi-attenuate. Outer fruiting sepals with large callus.
crisparia.
c2. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, basi-cordate, wavy. Fruiting sepals broad.
crispus.
c3. Leaves obovate to cuneate-oblong. Fruiting sepals elliptical Racemes terminal
leafless. cuneifolius,
c4. Leaves oblong-linear, acuminate, runcinate. magellanicus (Camp.).
c5. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate upwards, rounded at base. magellanicus (Gris.).
62. Fruiting calyx toothed or lacerate.
c. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Pedicels slender. Long, setaceous teeth from fruiting
calyx. maritimus.
c2. Lower leaves cordate-oblong, upper narrow.
d. Fruiting sepals cordate, unequally enlarged. Inflorescence leafless.
pratensis.
dz. Fruiting sepals large and veiny. Uppermost leaves linear. pudlcher.
63. Prostrate from thick taproot. Radical leaves narrow-linear. decumbens,
1. RUMEX ACETOSA Linn.
Stem 30-90 cm. tall. Basal leaves few, long-petiolate; upper leaves
subsessile, 3-12 cm. long, oblong-hastate. Sefa/s in fruit oblong-cordate.
(Eurasia and temperate N. Amer. Fig. in Brit. & Br. 1, p. 548.)
Falklands (introduced).
2. R. ACETOSELLA Linn. Sheep-sorrel.
Glabrous, annual or perennial herbs, with slender, erect stem, creeping
rootstock, and dicecious flowers. Leaves narrow, hastate, 3-10 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, petioled, the auricle entire or toothed; or upper leaves
without auricle. S*eath silvery, soon lacerate. Sepals 1 mm., achene
2mm. long. Foliage often of reddish hue.
(Eurasia, and through temperate and warm parts of N. Amer. Fig. in
Brit. cesBreiy pa547e
Falklands. Punta Arenas (J. B. Hatcher). ‘This and the R. acefosa
L., included in Gaudichaud’s list, I consider undoubtedly as introduced
plants, of which the seeds, being eaten by the birds, are by their agency
transported to otherwise inaccessible cliffs.” (J. D. Hooker.)
3. R. crispissimus O. Ktze.
Low, glabrous, blackish herb, with ascending stems, to 10 cm. high.
Leaves narrow-spatulate, obtuse, attenuate to a long petiole (blade over 3
MACLOSKIE: POLYGONACE. 349
cm. long, petiole the same). //owers glomerulate, supported by long
leaves. fut 1-1.5 mm. long, 3 outer calyx-segments small, erect, ob-
long, 3 inner ovate-acuminate, entire, all with large globose callus, not
cordate. Vf triquetrous, fuscous.
Patagon., 50-53 lat., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
4. RUMEX crRispus Linn.
Tall. Leaves long, to 25 cm., crisped and wavy-edged, with long
petioles; oblong or oblong-lanceolate, basi-cordate, with long petiole; the
upper narrower. famicle lax, pedicels exceeding the calyx.
(Eurasia; nat. in N. Am.); Punta Arenas; through nearly all Pata-
gonia; Falklands, introduced. &. crishbus sanguineus, N. Patagon. S.
» Patagon., by RR. Sta. Cruz and Chico.
5. R. CUNEIFOLIUS Campd.
Ascending, 30-60 cm. Leaves petiolate, obovate or cuneate-oblong,
obtuse, undulate-crenulate or plane. aceme terminal, leafless. Vert-
cils dense, the lower rather remote. Calyx exceeding
the thickish pedicels. Cad//us on sepals, thick.
S. Brazil and Chili; Chonos Archip.; near Carmen
de Patagones.
Fic. 63.
6. R. DECUMBENS Dusén.
: - Rumex decumbens. —
Prostrate, glabrous perennial, from thick tap-root, ee aa eae a
sending up several stems which are terete, mostly with inflorescence; magni-
leaves only at the verticils; also numerous long-peti- fied fruit and achene.
oled, narrow-linear, very crisp radical leaves. Floral ‘A"** Pes”)
verticils 1-leaved; the lower remote, the upper crowded. //Vowers perfect ;
perianth segments oblong, the inner apically rounded, with ca//us below.
Achenes acutely trigonal, brown, shining (Fig. 63).
S. Patagon., near Rio Coyle (Nordenskj.); N. and E. Fuegia, ‘‘in nearly
all the lagunes of E. Fuegia” (Dusén).
7. R. HIPPIATRICUS Remy.
Glabrous. Rhizome thick, tortuose, with scaly top. Stems short, sub-
simple. Leaves nearly all radical, rosulate, nearly as long as the stems,
350 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
_ lanceolate-acute, crisp-undulate. /7owers dioecious, in a terminal panicle.
Perianth-segments oval, obtuse, entire.
(Mendoza); Patagon., in mountain swamps near Rio Carren-leofu.
8. RUMEX MAGELLANICUS Campd. (Monogr. Rum. 114). (Sp. dub.)
Leaves oblong-linear, runcinate, crest-margined. Sfules 25 mm.
Flowers crowded, upper leafless. |
Magellan.
g. R. MAGELLANICUS Griseb. (1854).
Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, wavy-crisp, attenuate-acute, rather rounded
at base. Floral verfecz/s many-flowered, contiguous. Calyx-wings of
fruit elliptic, entire, faintly venous, all calliferous. ‘‘Inflorescence ‘rich
purple-red.”’ Indian name Calcatreo.
Magellan, by Rio Sta. Cruz; valleys of N. Patagon., N. and E. Rueee
Falklands.
10. R. MaARitTimus Linn.
Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Floral vertzcz/s much crowded, leafy. Ped-
acels slender, exceeding the sepals, which are narrow, 2—4-toothed, calli-
ferous.
(Europe); N. Patagon., S. Patagon., near RR. Sta. Cruz and Chico.
R. MARITIMUS FUEGINUS (Phil). (A. /weginus Phil.)
Leaves linear, basi-truncate, rather obtuse. All the inner Jerzanth seg-
ments calliferous (in Dusén’s specimens; Phil. secus.).
S. Patagon.; E. Fuegia, ‘‘in almost all freshwater lagunes.” (Dusén.)
11. R. PRATENSIS Mert. & Koch. (&. acutus L.)
Lower leaves oblong-cordate, acute, waved, wfper lanceolate. Sepals
in fruit broad triangular-ovate, entire at apex, toothed below.
N. Patagon., by Rio Negro. ‘Perhaps introduced.” (J. Ball.)
12: RR» PpurtcHEer Linn.
To 90 cm. tall. Branches divaricate, rigid. Leaves below cordate-
oblong to panduriform; above, lanceolate; uppermost linear. /Avora/
verticils remote, leafless at top. Calyx exceeding pedicels. Fruit
sepals ovate-oblong, veiny, strongly toothed on margins, unequally cal-
liferous.
MACLOSKIE : POLYGONACE. 351
(Old World, and nat. in U. S.); Magellan (Dusén); near Carmen de
Patagones.
4.) ROLYGONUM= Linn.
Flowers perfect, in terminal or axillary clusters. Calyx 4-5-parted,
outer segments the larger. Style 2~-3-parted, the stgmas capitate.
Achenes invested by or exceeding the calyx.
Species 200, cosmopolitan save in the tropics; several in Chili, few in
Brazil and Argentina.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves lance-linear to oblong. Sheaths lacerate. Axillary flower-clusters. camporum.
Az2, Leaves lanceolate, acuminate both ways, style 2-parted. JSerrugineum.
A3. Leaves oblong-linear.
6. Sheaths silvery, 2-parted. Flowers small, in axillary clusters. aviculare.
62. Sheaths at length lacerate. Flowers in 3’s, peduncled. chilense.
A4. Leaves elliptical to obovate.
6. Sheaths bifid at first. Branches prostrate. Flowers fascicled. delfint.
62. Sheaths large, bifid or lacerate. Flowers none-3, axillary, pediceled. maritimum.
As. Leaves ovate-sagittate, the upper narrower, long-petioled. Stem twining. convolvulus,
feet AVICULARE. intl.
Slender, glabrous, prostrate herbs, with oblong-linear, or oblanceolate,
acute, subsessile eaves, jointed to the silvery, 2-parted sheaths. Flowers
small, 1-5 in axillary clusters. Ca/yx 5-parted, green, bordered white
or pink.
(Eurasia and N. Amer., a weed in cultivated lands); N. Patagon.;
Magellan. (Dusén.)
2. P. CAMPORUM Meisner.
Glabrous, tall, slender-branched annual or perennial. Leaves sessile,
linear-lanceolate to oblong, obtuse, 6-25 mm., deciduous with the lacerate
sheaths. /Vowers several, in axillary clusters, short-pediceled. Szamens
8. Achene trigonal, shining-black.
(N. Amer. in prairies, extending to S. Amer.); S. Patagon., by Rio Sta.
rz. .
P. CAMPORUM AUSTRALE Melis.
Upper /eaves subulate-linear, revolute-margined. Calyx less than 2
mm. long.
(Argentina.); mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusén.)
352 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. POLYGONUM CHILENSE C. Koch.
Glabrous. Leaves oblong-linear, sessile, thickish, nearly parallel-
nerved. S/eaths with oblong, nerved lobes, at length lacerate, about half
as long as the leaf. VYowers campanulate, in 3’s, rather long-peduncled.
Nutlets shining, smooth.
(Chili); W. Patagon.; S. Patagon.; RR. Gallegos and Sta. Cruz;
Magellan.
4. P. CONVOLVULUS Linn.
Glabrous, scurfy, annual, with twining s¢em, mostly branching. Leaves
ovate-sagittate, the upper narrower, long-petioled, acuminate, subciliate.
Axillary floral clusters lax. F7/owers greenish, on slender pedicels. Calyx
5-parted. Stamens 8. S¢y/e subentire with 3 stigmas. Achene trigonal,
obovoid-pyramidal, black, not shining.
(Old World, naturalized in N. Amer.); in cultivated lands near Car-
men de Patagones.
5. P. DELFINI Phil. (4vicularia.)
Stem 20 cm. high. Branches herbaceous, prostrate. Leaves elliptical,
concave, glabrous, pinnate-nerved, the lateral nerves obscure. Sheaths
bifid, becoming lacerous. //owers axillary, fascicled. 4chenes long,
smooth, trigonal at apex.
Valley of Rio Palena.
6. POLYGONUM FERRUGINEUM Weddell. (P. sfectabile Mart.)
Perennial, subglabrous, scurfy. Erect, 60-90 cm.; fleshy base, sparingly
branched, with short internodes. Leaves lanceolate, 5-17 cm. long,
acuminate both ways, with short hairs on midrib and short petiole.
Sheaths cylindric, ciliate when young. Panicle subsimple, ending in
linear, spicate racemes. Calyx pink, nerved; stamens 6-7, included.
Style 2-parted to near its base. Achene lenticular, orbicular, biconvex,
nearly black, shining.
(W. Indies and E. Brazil.)
P. FERRUGINEUM PATAGONICUM Speg.
Lower than the type, 15-20 cm. high. Primary cauline /eaves when
young hoary-puberulous on the under surface, then becoming glabrous
MACLOSKIE: POLYGONACE. 353
like the others. Seaths enlarged at the mouth, very thin without bristles.
Pedicels subglabrous, obsoletely glandulous. 4chene pale-fuscous, not
shining.
Patagonia, near Cabo Raso, and Lago Colu-huapi.
7. POLYGONUM MARITIMUM Linn. Seaside Knotweed.
Root deep. Stem 20-50 cm. long, prostrate or ascending, branched,
deeply striated. Leaves ovate to oblong, fleshy, about as long as the
internodes, 6-24 mm. Shearhs large, 2-parted or lacerate above. Flowers
I—3 in the axils, slender-pediceled.
(Fur. and U. S., by the sea; also S. Afr.) S. Chili to Magellan.
N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
5. ANTIGONON Endl.
Climbing herbs from a woody base, the stem and branches ending in
tendrils. Leaves alternate, usually cordate, with ochvee small or mere
lines. Pevtanth 5-6-partite, red, the outer 3 segments large, cordate,
accrescent in fruit about the trigonal achene. Stamens about 8, on an annu-
lus with intermediate teeth. Sz#y/es 3 with capitate stigmas. Ludosperm
ruminate.
Species 3-4, Mexico and southwards. (Cult. in gardens.)
A. LeEptropus Hook. & Arn.
Leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, mostly tomentose underneath. Rachzs
of raceme ending in 3-hooked /fendrils.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, ili, 1a, p. 31, fig. 14.)
S. Chili; probably in N. Patagon.
6. MUEHLENBECKIA Meis.
Undershrubs like Ramex, often fwenzng, with stalked, alternate leaves ;
sheaths small, or leafless; and smad/, polygamo-dicecious flowers in axil-
lary or terminal fascicles. Perianth 5-cleft, fleshy, persistent. Sfameis
8. Styles 3, with dilated stigmas. Vw? trigonal, included, or apically
exsert.
Species 15, Australia, N. Zeal., Pacific Is. and Extra-trop. S. Amer.
(MZ. platyclada Meis., of Solomon's I., has flat phyllodes with very few
leaves. )
» 354 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. MUEHLENBECKIA CHILENSIS Meis.
Branches twining, angulate. eaves triangular to hastate-cordate,
ovate or narrower, entire, without side-nerves. /asczcles racemed.
Achenes globose, triangular upwards.’
_ N. Patagon.; Valley of Limay; also in Chili; ‘called Sarsaparilla, and
used medicinally.” (J. Ball.)
2. M. ROTUNDATA PHIL.
Suffruticose? Branches short, erect. Leaves veinless, ovate, apically
rounded, basicordate, rarely truncate. //owers axillary, very shortly pedi-
celed (not racemed), also a terminal leafless spzke. Achene, included,
subglobose, dull.
(Araucania); Chubut, in shrubberies near Lago Nahuel-huapi, and by
Rio Carren-leofi. Branches about 18 cm. long.
Family 32. CuHenoropiace&. Goosefoot Family.
Mostly herbs, with exstipulate, often lobed, or thickish, or fleshy leaves,
and perfect or diclinous, apetalous flowers, with small greenish, 2—5-lobed
calyx, and with or without bracts. Stamens equal and opposite to the
calyx-lobes, filaments rarely united; anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior,
1-celled; styles 1-3. Ovule 1. Utricle indehiscent, rarely circumscissile,
often enclosed in the persisting perianth. Embryo ring-like or spiral in
mealy endosperm.
Species 550, widely distributed.
Key TO THE GENERA.
A, Embryo ring-shaped or horse-shoe-shaped. (Cyclolodee.)
6. Roots and seeds normal. Hermaphrodites; stamens 2-5, basiconnate. Leaves opposite,
linear. Bracts exceeding the perianth. 1. WMitrophila, p. 355.
62. Roots, and mostly also the stem abnormal.
c. Fruit becoming indurated below, dehiscing by a lid. Hermaphrodite, with cymose
flowers. Stamens 5, proterandrous, basiconnate on a fleshy ring. Root fleshy.
Seed horizontal. 2. Beta, p. 356.
c2. Fruit normally indehiscent. ;
d. Flowers glomerulate, rarely spicate. Leaves mostly alternate, often hastate, and
often with glandular hairs.
e. Flowers hermaphrodite, proterogynous, bractless. Perianth coriaceous, divided
at least halfway.
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACE. 355
J. Perianth-leaves 3-5, mostly unchanged in fruit. Stamens 5, or fewer, free
or basi-connate. 3.. Chenopodium, p. 356.
f2. Perianth urn-shaped, 3—5-toothed. Leaves pinnatifid.
4. Roubieva, p. 361.
73. Perianth-leaf 1. Stamen 1, with a flat filament. Annual herb.
5. Monolepis, p. 362.
e2. Flowers mostly unisexual; the males bractless, with large perianth; the
females without perianth, but with large bracts halfway connate about the
fruit. Stamens I-5, connate below. Leaves often with glandular hairs
becoming scales. 6. Airiplex, p, 362.
a2. Flowers in club-shaped or conical inflorescences, or minute in the hollows of seem-
ingly leafless stems ; hermaphrodite, proterandrous. Perianth herbaceous or
membranaceous, connate. Stamens 1-2. Leaves reduced, often united with
the segments of the succulent, jointed branches.
e. Leaves subtending the flowers alternate, spirally placed.
J. Perianth above dorsally compressed, 4-angular, without wing-like borders,
Perianth-leaves united with each other and with the bract. Small herbs
with the lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate.
7. Halopeplis, p. 366.
f2. Perianth above extending on all sides, but without wing-like borders ; its
leaves free. Shrubs seemingly leafless, the segments broadening distally.
8. Spirostachys, p. 367.
73. Perianth with wing-like borders. 9. Heterostachys, p. 368.
e2. Leaves that subtend the flowers opposite, connate, persisting ; the flowers
being like joints in the cavity. Embryo conduplicate; with scarcely any
endosperm. 10. Salicornia, p. 368.
Az. Embryo planospiral (Sfzrolobee). Endosperm none or little.
6. Perianth hypogynous; its leaves not connate. Stamens 5. Leaves succulent, linear-
subulate. 11. Lerchea (Sueda), p. 370-
62. Perianth of female flowers none. Leaves linear-spatulate. 12. Halophytum, p. 371.
1. NITROPHILA S. Wats. (DC. sub Banata.|
Small, succulent, dichotomously branching herb; with solitary, some-
times 3-glomerulate, flowers in the axils of the opposite leaves. Perianth-
leaves pergamentaceous,. ovate, obtuse, I-nerved, the inner smaller.
Stamens 5, with 4-celled anthers. Style long, stigma enlarged, papillose
only on its inside. Fruit conical. Seed lenticular, shining black.
Only species.
N. OCCIDENTALIS S. Wats.
The Argentine and Patagonian forms do not branch dichotomously and
have smaller leaves than the N. American. (Speg.)
(W. N. Amer., Argentina); Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; Rio
Sta. Cruz. (Speg.)
356 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2 PDE TAT anne beet:
As Chenopodium, except that each flower has 3 small bracts at its base,
and that the ovary and seed are immersed in the succulent base of the
perianth. |
B. vuLearis Linn.
Stem herbaceous, to 50 cm. high, with angled branches. Leaves acute
or subobtuse, subsinuate or entire, undulate, glabrous, clear green or
purplish; the lower ovate-oblong, with decurrent petioles; the upper sub-
sessile, oblong. Spikes long, narrow, erect, in a bract-bearing panicle.
Glomerules with 2-4 flowers, sessile, pale green, mostly digynous; fruit-
ing calyces, 2—3-coalescent; their segments at length costate-carinate,
apically inflexed.
Biennial (Mediterr. region, and widely cultivated); not rare near Car-
men de Patagones (introduced).
3.. CHENOPODIUMs inns Gossctocr
Leaves alternate, entire, or toothed, or lobed: Flowers bractless;
minute, in compound spikes. Calyx green to fleshy, wingless in fruit.
Stamens 1-5. Styles 2-3. Embryo annular.
Species 60, widely distributed.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Perianth herbaceous in fruit, nearly closed. Embryo annular. No glandular hairs (but sac-
cular hairs). (Sec. Chenopodiastrum.)
6, Leaves usually sinuate-dentate, basi-cuneate. Stem erect, sulcate, fruiting calyx keeled
and closed. album.
62. Leaves entire.
c. Stem slender, terete. Fruiting calyx keeled, not closed. Suegianum.
c2. Stem branching, striate. Fruiting calyx closed, not keeled. vulvarium.
Az. Perianth enclosing the fruit. Flowers glomerate, spicate. Embryo curved but not com-
pletely annular. Style-base with glandular hairs. (Sec. Ambrina.)
6. Leaves subpetiolate, oblong, etc. ambrosiowdes.
A3. Perianth persisting after fall of fruit. Flowers in loose subterminal dichasia. Glandular hairs
on ovary, not on leaves or perianth. (Sec. Botrydium.)
4, Stem sulcate. Leaves subpinnatifid. Fruiting calyx not closed nor keeled.
botrys.
A4. Flowers glomerular. Perianth herbaceous on the fruit. Embryo incompletely annular.
(Sec. Pseudoblitum.)
¢. Leaves oblong to lanceolate. Plants succulent. Seeds minute, rugose. g/aucum.
62, Leaves more or less deltoid-ovate.
MACLOSKIE:! CHENOPODIACE. 357
c. Glomerules sessile and with a terminal spike. Seeds pitted. Stem prostrate.
antarcticum.,
c2. Racemes densely flowered, leafless. Stem stout, fleshy. Seeds large, reticulate.
macrospermum.
c3. Glomerules simple or compound or spicate. Stem angular. Fruiting calyx incom-
pletely closed. Seeds margined and pitted. rubrum.
As. Low or depauperate.
6, Leaves ovoid to trapezoid. Glomerules short. Seeds rounded. patagonicum.
62. Leaves minute, fleshy, 7 mm. long. carnosulum.
63. Leaves several-toothed on each side, mealy. Plant erect. hircinum.,
A6. Perianth enclosing the fruit, afterwards stellately spreading. Leaves small, hastate, 3-lobed
scabricaule,
A7. Perianth spreading in fruit. Leaves green, 3-nerved, 3-lobed. ameghinot,
A8. Perianth closed in fruit. Annuals.
6. Paniculate.
c. Leaves deltoid, the lower hastate, 3-lobed. ficifolium.
c2. Leaves rhombic-ovate, at length purplish, the lower auricled. purpurascens.
62. Subcorymbose. Leaves ovate-rhombic, sharply-toothed, glabrous. murale,
I. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM Mog.
Polymorphous, white to greenish. Szem herbaceous, erect, sulcate-
striate, subramose. Leaves petiolate, ascending, rhombic-ovate, basi-
cuneate, obtuse or acute, sinuate-dentate, sometimes subentire, slender,
puberulent ; the upper oblong, lance-linear, entire. Aacemes paniculate,
subspicate, dense or lax, nearly leafless. Fvuzting calyx closed, carinate.
Seed acute-margined, shining.
(Europe and N. Africa; Asia; Mex. and Cuba; Argentina); Patagon.
2. C. AMBROSIOIDES Linn. (Spachm. sub Amébrina.)
Pubescence glandular-aromatic, not farinose. Szem herbaceous, erect,
sulcate, branching. Leaves subpetiolate, oblong, attenuate basewards,
acutish, sinuate-dentate or subentire, puberulous, glandular-green under-
neath; the uppermost lance-linear, entire. Racemes glomerate-spicate,
dense-flowered, leafy. Fruiting calyx closed, without a carina, with
curious glands. Seeds obtuse, margined, shining.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 1a, p. 58, K-Q.) (Cosmopolitan); in W.
Patagon. and N. Patagon.
3. C. AMEGHINOI Speg.
(Botryots, odontophyllum.) Erect, fastigiately branching annual. Stem
herbaceous, striate, glabrous. Leaves with slender, long petioles, ascend-
358 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
ing, green, not or very obscurely farinose, 3-nerved, subrhombic-lanceo-
late, 3-lobed; lobes all acute, lateral, small, cuneate downwards. Racemes
leafless, divaricately cymose, dichotomous. Fvrautng calyx subpatent;
sefals acute, and very acutely carinate. U7vic/e rather large, subglobose.
Seed horizontal, pallid-ferruginous, rather large, globose to sublenticular,
with the margin broadly truncate, rostellate, not or scarcely shining, obso-
letely and laxly subpapillose.
S. Patagon., in dry places near Rio Chico about Emelk-aike. Seed as
in C. purpurascens Jacq.
4. CHENOPODIUM ANTARCTICUM Benth. & Hook. (Hook. f. sub Blztum.)
Stem prostrate-ascending, papillose. Leaves petiolate, deltoid-ovate,
rather obtuse, sinuate-toothed. Glomerules sessile, compound, axillary
and in a leafy terminal spike. Sepals 3, green, at length changing, ex-
ceeding the utricle, linear-spatulate, externally papulate. Seed vertical,
orbicular, pitted, with obtuse margin.
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz. (Hatcher; ‘Fruiting perianth scarcely
papulate, short.”’) Staaten I. E. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
5. C. potrys Linn.
Annual herb, with erect stem and sulcate, angulate branches. Leaves
long-petioled, ascending, oblong, obtuse, subpinnatifid-sinuate, with obtuse
lobules, glaucous-green, glandular hairy on both surfaces; upper leaves
spatulate-lanceolate, subentire; uppermost as narrow bracts. Racemes
divaricate, cymose, leafless. Fruiting calyx not closed nor keeled. Seed
marginally obtuse, fine-channeled, smooth.
(Eurasia; naturalized in N. Amer.); Magellan, once at Elizabeth I;
these with lower leaves hastate-triangular, as if a depauperate C. chilensts
Schrad.
6. C. CARNOSULUM DC.
Stem slender, erect, striate, branching. Leaves petiolate, minute (6-8
mm. long, the petiole included), rhombic, entire, subcarnose, furfuraceous-
punctulate, pale green. Flowers minute, in short, dense, leafy racemes.
Fruiting calyx subcarinate, incompletely closed.
Fuegia, Gregory Bay. (R. O. Cunningham.)
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACE. 359
7. CHENOPODIUM FICIFOLIUM Smith.
Annual. Stem herbaceous, erect, striate, branching. Leaves with
slender and long petioles, ascending, deltoid, basi-cuneate, obtuse or
acutish, sinuate, subdentate, thin, farinose, glaucous-green, paler under-
neath ; the inferior leaves hastate-subtrilobate, dentate, the upper sub-
rhombic-oblong, the uppermost linear-lanceolate, entire. Racemes pan-
iculate, rather lax, and nearly leafless. Frucing calyx completely closed,
acutely carinate. Seed with an obtuse margin, excavate-punctulate,
slightly shining.
feurope); o, Patagon:, near Rio Chico and Rio Sta. Cruz. ‘Leaves
whitish-farinose, especially underneath. Seeds lenticular, black, shining,
margin sometimes obtuse, sometimes acute, smooth or obsoletely sub-
punctulate, 1-1.15 mm. diam.” (Speg.)
8. C. FUEGIANUM Speg.
(Chenopodtastvum.) Entire-leaved, farinose, odorless, small. Stem
mostly procumbent, slender, terete. Leaves petioled, minute, rhomboid,
obtuse, coarsely membranous. Flowers glomerulate, axillary. Calyx in
fruit with the keel not closed. Seed midsized, obtuse-margined, shining.
Chubut; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz; Fuegia, Punta Anegada in
Elizabeth I., on maritime dunes.
9. C. GLAUCUM Linn.
Succulent annual, much branched. Leaves slender-petioled, oblong to
lanceolate, subsessile upwards, mealy underneath, the lower sinuate-
toothed. Flowers in small, axillary clusters, or panicled above. Seed
minute, rugose.
(Eur., nat. in N. Amer.)
C. GLAUCUM DIVARICATUM Hook. f.
Prostrate, with slender divaricate branches.
Chonos Archip., not northwards in the Andes. N. Patagon.
1o. C. HrRcINUM Schrad. (C. donariense Tenore.)
A depauperate, simple, erect form, with leaves coarsely 5—7-toothed on
each side. Young leaves farinose on the two surfaces, at length glabrous
on the upper surface.
360 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
S. Patagon., by R. Chico de Sta. Cruz; in fields by Lago Colu-huapi.
Plant varying greatly by leaves, mealy to green, perigon not very
carinate, seed black, in a thin utricle, more or less adherent. (Speg.)
Il. CHENOPODIUM MACROSPERMUM Hook. f.
Glabrous, not glaucescent; stems stout, rather succulent, divaricately
branching below. Leaves petioled, fleshy, deltoid-oblong, obtuse.
Racemes compound, densely flowered, leafless, bracted. Seeds large,
erect, reticulate.
Falklands; used asa potherb. S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz.
12. ©. MURALBelinn,
Annual. Stem herbaceous, ascending, sulcate-angulate, branching.
Leaves petiolate, ascending, ovate-rhombic, acute, unequally and acutely
toothed, thin, shining, green on both surfaces. Racemes divaricate-
cymose, subcorymbose, rather lax and nearly leafless. /vueting calyx
usually closed, subcarinate. Seed with an acute margin, punctate-rugose,
opaque.
(Old World); N. Patagon., common by the wayside near Carmen.
13. C. PATAGONICUM Phil.
Low, branching from the base, green. Leaves petioled, ovate or ob-
long-triangular, subtruncate at base, or trapezoid, entire, or with a tooth
at the base on each side; upper leaves simpler. oral glomerules shorter
than the petioles. Seed rounded dorsally, opaque.
Valley of Rio Palena, in W. Patagon.
14. C. PURPURASCENS Jacq.
Annual, with herbaceous, erect, angular, branching s/em. Leaves with
slender, long petioles, spreading, rhomb-ovate, obtuse, mucronulate, thin,
subpulverulent, obscurely green, at length purplish; lower leaves auricu-
late, sinuate-dentate; upper ones lanceolate, entire. Racemes paniculate,
compact, leafless. Fyvueting calyx completely closed, carinate-costulate.
Seed with an obtuse margin, smooth, not shining (whitish).
(Asia; S. America); not rare by the waysides near Carmen de Pata-
gones. Seed lenticular to subglobose, with small rostellum.
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACE. 361
15. CHENOPODIUM RUBRUM Linn. (Reichb. sub Bétum).
Stem angular, branching. Leaves alternate, petioled, deltoid or del-
toid-ovate, cuneate, obtuse, sinuate to dentate, thickish, shining, glaucous-
green to reddish. Glomerules simple or compound, the upper spiked.
Fruiting calyx incompletely closed, herbaceous or pitted. Seed obtuse,
margined, pitted.
(Eurasia; Azores; also cult.); through Patagon., E. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
16. C. SCABRICAULE Speg.
(Chenopodiastrum.) Annual, low or minute, somewhat smooth-seeded,
at first somewhat papulose-farinose, afterwards glabrate, green, rather
erect; dvanches pallid-green, terete to angular, more or less callous-
papillose, laxly or divaricately branching. Leaves small, membranaceous
or thickish, conspicuously hastate-trilobed, all the lobes elongate, acute.
Flowers in racemes. Calyx-segments green, slender, obtuse, retuse, not
carinate, at first enclosing the fruit, afterwards more or less stellate-patent.
Seeds lenticular, acutely carinate-margined, very finely reticulate, black
and shining.
Rather rare along Rio Chubut, and Rio Chico (also in Mendoza Andes).
Has different forms viz. :
(a) pustllum, 20-50 mm. high; leaves cruciately and acutely 3-lobed,
fruiting calyx small. By Rio Chubut.
(6) megalospermum, 10-15 cm. high; leaves obtusely hastate-subtri-
lobed, fruiting calyx rather broad. By Rio Sta. Cruz.
(c) vobustum, stout, 15-20 cm. high; leaves thickish, acutely hastate,
trilobate, fruiting calyx mediocre.
17. C. vuLvarium Linn.
Annual. Stem 30 cm. high, branching, striate. Leaves alternate,
petioled, rhombic-ovate, 3 cm. long, entire, pulverulent-hoary. Racemes
leafless, dense, spike-like. Fruiting calyx closed, without keel. Seed
acutely margined, finely pitted, shining. Odor offensive.
(eur and N. Afr.}; E. Fuegia. (Dusen. )
4. ROUBIEVA Mog. Tand.
Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, bractless. Cadyx urceolate, 5-cleft, the
lobes not appendaged, at length coalescing, as a pentagonal capsule.
362 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Stamens 5; filaments thick. S¢#y/e short, stigmas 3. Utricle compressed.
Seed lenticular, erect; endosperm abundant; embryo annular.
A South American herb, near B&etum.
ROUBIEVA MULTIFIDA Mog. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. i, p. 576.)
Leaves pinnatifid, the segments lanceolate or linear, nerves prominent
beneath. Penetrating scewz.
Brazil to N. Patagon., near Carmen.
5. MONOLEPIS Schrad.
Branching annuals, with alternate, entire or lobed /eaves, and minute,
bractless flowers, in small axillary clusters, or solitary. Flowers with
usually only 1 sepal, persisting by the flat utricle. Stamen 1. Styles 2.
Pericarp adhering to seed. Améryo annular.
Species 3, N. E. Asia, and N. W. Amer., one passing to S. Amer.
M. CHENOPODIOIDES Mog. (JZ. uuttalana R. & S. in
Brits oct Dieies gy)
Stem 30 cm. Leaves trifid, hastate, acuminate, smaller upwards.
Glomerules leafy. Seeds granulate.
(N. W. Can., to Calif. and southwards.) Patagon., by mouth of Rio
Chubut (Dusén); by Carmen de Patagones; by Rio Deseado.
The Patagonian specimens are mostly small, glabrous, dull-green.
(Speg.)
6. AGRI PEE Xe ina:
Herbs or shrubs, with small, green, dicecious or moncecious flowers in
axillary glomerules or panicled spikes. Male flowers bractless, calyx
3-5-parted, stamens as many. Female flowers without calyx, but with 2
bracts, which enlarge in fruit and partially unite. Ovary ovoid to glo-
bose; stigmas 2. Eméryo annular.
Species 120, chiefly subtrop. and temperate.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves more or less oblong.
6. Leaves minute, sessile, mealy underneath, acutish. Prostrate, much branching.
montevidensis,
62. Leaves subpetiolate, lepidote, obtuse. Erect, branching. lampa.
MACLOSKIE : CHENOPODIACE. 363
63. Leaves petiolate, mealy, obtuse. Fruiting bracts round-cordate, 2-crested. patagonica.
64. Leaves emarginate, wavy. Fruiting bracts rhomboid, tubercled. undulata.
Az2. Moneecious. Leaves not oblong, except 02.
6. Leaves spatulate, subsessile. Tall shrubs, lepidote ; male spikes above axillary glomerules.
pamparum.
62. Leaves oblong-elliptical, short-petioled. Prostrate, branching, grayish. Bracts deltoid,
connate. reichit,
63. Leaves ovate to hastate, subentire, sessile upwards; silvery. Flowers spicate-racemose.
ameghinot.
64. Leaves hastate-deltoid to triangular-oblong, narrower upwards, green. Bracts veiny.
hortensis.
65. Leaves small, rhombic-ovate, entire, mealy ; petioles twice as long. Glomerules axillary.
Jrigida.
A3. Dicecious.
6, Leaves linear-elliptical, cuneate-petiolate, whitish. Fruiting bract triangular-ovate, smooth.
vulgatissima.,
62. Leaves small, or suborbicular to elliptical, crowded, sessile or nearly so. Female
glomerules with protruding styles. Bracts 2-crested. macrostyla.
63. Leaves sessile, sagittate with long auricles. Bracts 3-nerved, not crested. sagittifolia.
I. ATRIPLEX AMEGHINOI Speg.
(Odtone.) Moncecious, annual? Tall, all silvery-cinereous; /eaves
rather large, membranaceous, densely and minutely subpellucid-punctate,
ovate or hastate, entire or obsoletely repand-subdentate, obtuse, subtripli-
nerved; the lower more or less long-petiolate; the upper sessile. //owers
long- and interruptedly subspicate-racemose. Zkec@ of bracts cuneate-
ovate or obtriangular, subtruncate, marginally 3—5-dentate, the upper sub-
membranaceous and subsessile, the lower coarsely suberose in the disc,
and largely 2-crested at the sides, all connate nearly to the apex.
Not rare in dry salines near Rio Chubut, and along Rio Chico. An
erect herb, 25—6o cm. tall.
2. A. FRIGIDA Speg.
Moncecious, annual herb, all densely farinose-hoary. S/emsaspan high
with stellately spreading, lax, alternate branches; the branchlets also pros-
trate. Leaves alternate, rather small, broadly ovate or rhomb-ovate, densely
hoary-farinose on both surfaces, acute or obtuse, at base rotundate- or
cuneate-subtruncate, entire, membranaceous, with petioles twice their
length. /AYowers glomerulate; glomerules all axillary, subglobose, half
as long as the subtending leaf; male flowers minute with yellow exsert
364 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
anthers; bracts of female flowers hoary, obovate, membranaceous, united
to the apex, their upper margin subtruncate, obsoletely 3-dentate; disk
slender, smooth. Seed not seen.
_ Dry stony places between San Julian and Rio Deseado. Root vertical,
10-15 cm. long.
3. ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS Linn.
Moncecious; the radicle inferior, sublateral. SZevz erect, angulate, branch-
ing. Leaves alternate, petiolate, ascending, hastate-deltoid, to triangular-
oblong, green both surfaces; upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
mucronulate. S8vacts ovate or round-ovate, not appendaged, reticulately
venous.
(Asia and cult.) ; escaped in Chubut.
4. A. LAMPA Gill. (4. cevatophylla O. Ktze.)
Stem fruticose, erect, subangulate, substriate, branching much, the
branches unarmed. Leaves alternate, subpetiolate, divaricate, oblong-
attenuate downwards, obtuse, deeply sinuate-dentate, thickish, subcoria-
ceous, crispate-revolute, lepidote-hoary. Zeca of the bracts very shortly
stalked, ovate-rhomboid or subcordate, obtuse, the margin sinuate-den-
ticulate, not appendaged by a disc, obsoletely reticulate nerved.
(Near Mendoza); by Rio Chubut, and Lago Nahuel-huapi. ‘Radicle
of the cyclic embryo superior. Atriplex lampa O. Ktze., non Gill, is a
widely different species.” (Speg.)
5. A. MACROSTYLA Speg.
(Obzone.) Deécectous perennial, all lepidote argenteous, low, with woody
caudex, densely many-branched at its crown; the branches slender, terete,
erect or prostrate, simple or sparsely subbranching, leafy. Leaves crowded
or lax, alternate or subopposite, small, thickish but flaccid, occasion-
ally suborbicular or elliptical, obtuse, entire, very shortly petiolate or
sessile. flowers densely congested in apical or axillary glomerules;
the mad/es comparatively large, ferruginous-lepidote; the females canes-
cent-woolly, with very large exsert styles. Theca of bracts obdeltoid,
hoary below, rounded-truncate and obsoletely tridentate above; long.
time bearing the exsert styles; at first compressed on the smooth disc,
afterwards inflated, and more or less callous and 2-crested.
‘Not rare in sandy salines by Rio Chico and Rio Deseado. Allied
to, if not identical with, 4. veéchez Dusén.” (Speg.)
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACEE. 365
6. ATRIPLEX MONTEVIDENSIS Spreng.
Suffruticose, perennial, prostrate-effuse, densely branching. Leaves
alternate, sessile, minute, linear-oblong, acutish, entire, farinose under-
neath. Svracts connate above the middle. Apex of radicle and coty-
ledons superior.
(S. Brazil; Montevideo); N. Patagon., near Carmen; Golfo de San
Jorge.
7. A. PAMPARUM Griseb. (4. lorentzii O. Ktze.)
(Odzone.) Branching, lepidote-hoary, shrub nearly 2 meters high.
Leaves sparse, spatulate, entire or repand, subsessile. Flowers monce-
cious. J/a/e flowers uppermost, most of them in a leafless, interrupted
spike. /emade glomerules axillary, their dvacts subsessile, cuneate, sub-
rotund, united half-way, above unequally sinuate and toothed. 7ee¢h
obtuse, 2-crested dorsally.
(Chili); N. Patagon.
8. A. PATAGONICA Dietr.
Ascending, branching shrub. Leaves petiolate, oblong, basi-attenuate,
obtuse, sinuate-toothed; thickish, coriaceous, farinose-hoary. Fruiting
bracts orbiculate-cordate, entire, broadly 2-crested on back.
Patagonia.
g. A. REICHII Volkens.
Moneecious. Prostrate shrub, with gray, scrobiculate indumentum.
Root thick; s¢ems many, simple and naked below, branching and leafy
above. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptical, obtuse, entire, larger
above. Male flowers crowded at apex of branches, and in axillary glom-
erules; fema/e flowers terminal and axillary, most of them in a short spike.
Bracts deltoid, basiconnate.
E. Fuegia, above tide mark by the seaside. (Dusén.)
10. A. SAGITTIFOLIA Speg.
Dicecious shrub, over 1 meter high, intricately branching, unarmed,
hoary. Leaves alternate, sessile, sagittate, entire; their auricles long,
often involute into the axil, with white, cinerascent indumentum. Theca
of bracts short-peduncled, orbicular to ovate, rounded below; above more
or less 3-lobed; also dorsally plane, obsoletely 3-nerved, not crested.
Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz; Chubut, near Rawson, etc.
366 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
11. ATRIPLEX UNDULATA Dietr.
Branching shrub. Leaves short-petioled, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse,
emarginate, basi-attenuate, entire, wavy-crisped. /vazttng bracts minute,
rhomboid, obtuse; their margin subsinuate; their back coarsely tubercled.
(Argentina); Patagonia.
12. A. VULGATISSIMA Speg.
Diecious shrub, branching, unarmed. Leaves alternate, linear-elliptical,
mostly obtuse, cuneate-petiolate; plane, thickish, membranaceous, white
with a close indumentum. 7%eca of bracts sessile, mediocre, triangular-
obovate, cuneate downwards, apically rounded to 3-toothed, dorsally
smooth.
Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz, and Golfo de San Jorge; at Puerto Madryn.
(Dusén.)
7. UALOPER LC Sebunve.
Small herbs, mostly with knotted branches, and rounded, fleshy /eaves,
opposite below, alternate above and embracing the stem. Oblong s/vo-
biles of perfect flowers, the Zerianth 4-angled, but 3-toothed; in groups of
3, with spirally arranged dvacfs, which are un!ted to each other, and to the
walls of their receptacle. Stamens 1-2, subsessile. Ovary pyriform,
stigmas 2. Utricle obovoid, compressed. Seed subreniform.
Species 4, Mediterr. to Central Asia; and the following:
H. GILLEsII Griseb.
Branches slender, not jointed. Leaves cordate-rotundate, concavo-
convex, knot-like, imbricate in three rows along the ultimate branches.
Calyx 3-cleft. (Cetera desunt.)
(Argentina); N. Patagon.
H. paTaconica (Mogq. Tand. sub Halostachys).
Stem suffruticose, ascending, inarticulate, branches herbaceous, alternate,
spreading-ascending. Leaves alternate, semiamplexicaul, appressed, ovate,
obtuse. Catkis alternate, shortly peduncled, cylindraceous, obtuse.
Bahia Blanca; near Rio Negro; Peninsula Valdes.
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACE:. 367
8. SPIROSTACHYS S. Watson.
Glabrous shrubs, sometimes apparently /ea/less, erect, branching, fleshy ;
the branches mostly jointed, bilaterally broadening. S¢vodz/es of perfect
flowers, alternate, cylindraceous, with spirally arranged dvacts, having
3-5 flowers in the axils. Calyx angulate upwards, 4~-5-lobed or cre-
nate. Sfamens 1-2, exsert. Ovary lagenzform, compressed; s#gmas 2.
Utricle ovoid. Seed obovoid. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 1a, p. '77, M—O.)
Species 5, 1 in N. W. Amer.; others in extratrop. S. Amer.
I. S. OLIVASCENS Speg.
All obscurely green during life; fuscous olivascent 27 secco. Branches
slender, the old cinereous, the young whitish. Leaves small, fleshy, ob-
scurely green, broadly ovate, sessile, semiamplexicaul. Sloval spikes all
conspicuously alternate, fuscous-green, sessile, short, elliptical or sub-
globose. /erigontum subtrifid, the lateral lobes acute, carinate-winged.
Stamens paired; ovary glabrous; seed sublenticular; voste//um very small,
glabrous, but minutely papillose-warty. Amdéryo terete-hippocrepiform ;
radicle inferior, subparallel with the cotyledons.
Common in salines by Rio Negro near Carmen.
2. S. PATAGONICA (Mogq.) Benth. (O. Ktze. makes this 4/enrolfea.)
Stem not jointed. Leaves alternate, semiamplexicaul, appressed, ovate-
obtuse; fleshy, not 3 mm. long. Strobiles thick-cylindric. Bvacts like
the leaves, 3-flowered. Seed obovate-oblong.
(Argentina); N. Patagon., Chubut.
(S. patagonica is Halopeplis patagonica Mogq.-Tand.)
3. S. RITTERIANA (Moquin-Tandon sub /Halostachys).
Stem fruticose, erect, inarticulate, branches alternate, erect-appressed.
Leaves alternate, semiamplexicaul, very appressed, cordate-ovate, rather
obtuse, scale-formed. Caius alternate, finely pedunculate, short, ovate-
oblong, at length cylindrical, obtuse.
(Hispaniola, Mendoza); Patagon., Peninsula Valdes, Chubut, and near
Rio Negro. Determination uncertain. A glaucous whitish shrub, the
leaves caducous except from the young branches. Bracts like the leaves,
but broader.
368 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. SPIROSTACHYS VAGINATA Griseb. (O. Ktze. places this under
Allenrolfea.)
Cortex brown. Cauline /eaves reduced to the sheath, and covering the
whole internode, giving the appearance of a jointed branch; leaves when
young obliquely truncate. Strobiles cylindric. vacts 5-flowered, pel-
tate. Seed obovate.
(In saline desert at Santiago di Estero, Argentina; N. Patagon.) (?).
9. HETEROSTACHYS Ung--Sternb:
Much branching, fleshy, erect shrub, the branches subopposite, strict, and
jointed. Leaves opposite, but distinct, densely imbricated, suborbiculate,
obtuse. S¢vodz/es with caducous scales, “certainly opposite’ (spirally
arranged, we think, B. & H.), the lower pediceled, the upper sessile,
turgid. Svacts many-seriate, broader than long, free. /7owers concealed
in the axils of the scales ; Aevcanth orbicular, compressed, broad-winged.
Only species :
FE. RITTERIANA (Mogq.) Ung.-Sternb.
(Argentina ; Hispaniola); Patagon., Chubut, San José Peninsula.
10. SALICORNIASE inn:
Fleshy, glabrous, with opposite, terete dvanches, the /eaves being reduced
to opposite scales, forming cup-like sheaths at the nodes. AZowers sunken,
3-5 together in the upper axils, forming terminal spikes. Svamens 2
(1), exserted. Stgmas 2. Utricle enclosed by the spongy fruiting calyx.
Species 10, widely distributed in saline soil. Its ash is valuable as a
supply of soda, and is called “Jume”’: giving by analysis 60 per cent. of
soda salts (carbonate, chloride, and silicate), 19 per cent. of potash salts
(phosphate and carbonate); also sulphate of lime, and magnesium car-
bonate.
1. S. BERG Ltz. & Nied.
Erect shrub, with decussate branches, the yozw¢/s 12 mm. long, terete and
rigid, their sheaths very small, 2-lobed; the shorter branches, 40 mm. long,
ending in thickish, cylindrical spikes; sfzkes 20 mm. long, narrowing
upwards, obtuse. Flowers in 3's. Calyx-lobes 3. Seed brown, minute,
ovoid.
N. Patagon., Rio Negro opposite Choele-choel.
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACEA. 369
2. SALICORNIA CORTICOSA (Walp., var. xachtigalii.)
Undershrub, 25-30 cm. high, many-stemmed, from a subterranean rhi-
zome ; sorts 3 cm. long, with deep sheath. Avranches erect, 6-10-jointed
below the spike; the number decreasing upwards. Terminal spike with
4-6 pairs of slender lateral spikes starting below it. Avowers in 3's.
Seed obovate, with small hairs.
Saline swamps through all Patagonia.
3. S. DOERINGII Ltz. & Nied.
Erect or procumbent undershrubs, with thick, rigid decussate branches,
the joints 5-12 mm. long, their apex thick, ending in a low sheath. Spikes
peduncled, small, slightly attenuate upwards, obtuse. Flowers in 3’s.
Fruiting calyx 3-toothed, with obscure wing. Seeds brown, minute, oval,
with small recurved hairs.
N. Patagon., Neuquen; S. Patagon., in salinas by Rio Sta. Cruz; N.
and E. Fuegia, near tidemark. (Dusén.)
Lie ies FRUTICOSA Linn, (Forsk. sub Szeda.)
Stem fruticose, erect, 1 meter high or more, with many erect, leafy
branches. //owers in small axillary clusters, in 3's, or solitary. Calyx
unchanged in fruit. Seeds shining, subrostellate.
(Eur. & N. Afr.) Patagon., in saline marshes of Rio Colorado, by Rio
Sta. Cruz. N. Fuegia, at Catharine Point. (R. O. Cunningham.)
(Brit. & Br. i, 583, suggest that S. amdigua Mx. of E. U. S. may be
identical with S. /ruticosa.)
S. FRUTICOSA PERUVIANA.
Bolivia.
5. S. GAUDICHAUDIANA Mog.
Stem fruticose, erect; its branches subherbaceous, ascending, joints
short, slightly thickened at the apex, their s/ea/is emarginate-bifid, with
acutish lobes. Sfzkes subsessile, slender, scarcely attenuate, obtuse,
winged. Calyx subtetragonal.
(Brazil); N. Patagon., Rio Negro.
370 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
6. SALICORNIA MAGELLANICA Phil.
Herbaceous, prostrate, rooting. Yozu/s of the branches moderately
long, thick towards the apex; their sheaths 2-lobed. SZzkes sessile,
thick, short, ovate.
Magellan.
11. LERCHEA .Hall (1751, non Linn.). (Doxdia Adans, 1763;
Sueda Forsk., 1775.)
Saline herbs or shrubs, with alternate, narrowly linear or subterete, fleshy
leaves; and axillary, bracteolate, very small flowers, solitary or clustered
in the axils. Calyx 5-parted, thickish, in fruit keeled and enclosing the
ovoid utricle. Stamens 5,short. Styles mostly 2. Embryo plano-spiral.
Species 50, on seashores and saline steppes. Rich in soda.
1. L. pivAricATA (Mog.-Tand. sub Su@da) O. Ktze.
Stem fruticose, procumbent, branching, the branches very divaricate,
obsoletely puberulous. Leaves semiterete, basally attenuate, acutish,
rigid, scarcely puberulous. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, hermaph-
rodite. Fruiting calyx when dry subglobose. Seed with an obtuse
margin, smooth, rather shining. Perennial shrub, 2-6 meters high;
wood hard.
(S. Amer.); N. Patagon.; Chubut.
2. L. Fruticosa (L.) O. Ktze. (ZL. maritima v. fruticosa.)
L. FRUTICOSA BRACHYPHYLLA Spég.
Stems short, robust, subtrigonal, angulate, with slender, short branches.
Leaves fleshy, thick, ovate, terete. Flowers in 1’s or 3’s, sessile at the
axils. Seeds subglobose, shining black, 2-3 mm. diameter.
S. Patagon., by Rio Chico.
L. FRUTICOSA MEGALOSPERMA Speg.
Robust, erect, fastigiately branching ; branchlets appressed, terete, densely
leafy. Leaves elliptic-linear, semiterete ; flowers 1-3 in the axils ; sessile.
Seeds vertical in the closed, fleshy perigonium, 4 by 3 mm., shining black.
S. Patagon., on Isla de Los Leones, at mouth of Rio Sta. Cruz.
MACLOSKIE: CHENOPODIACEA. 371
3. LERCHEA MARITIMA (L.) O. Ktze.
Stem herbaceous, diffuse branching, the branches erect or prostrate,
glabrous. Leaves long, plane on upper face, convex on under surface,
basally dilating, often acutish, subflexuous, fleshy, glabrous, upper leaves
shorter. Flowers axillary, sessile, 2-3-glomerate ; fruiting calyx inflated,
carinate, greenish. Seed rostellate, with acute margin, distinctly punctu-
late-rugose, shining. Annual.
(Old World) ; N. Patagon., in saline swamps near Rio Negro.
4. L. PATAGONICA Speg. (sub Sueda).
Glabrous, annual herb, prostrate-effuse, sparingly branching, with remote
nodes. Leaves alternate, linear, acutish, flowers sessile in the axils, soli-
tary or sparsely glomerate. |
S. Patagon., in inundated maritime sands at Isla de Los Leones, in
estuary of Rio Sta. Cruz.
12, HALOPHYTUM Spegazzini (Nova Addenda ad Floram
Patagonicam, p. 152, Bonaria, 1902).
Char. Chenopodiacea, chenopodiea, cyclolobea, salicorniea, endo-
cladantha.
Flowers unisexual, crowded in acrogenous or pleurogynous, unisexual
strobili, at the axes of the bracts concealed in hollows of the rachis.
Perianth of male flowers membranaceous, 4-leaved, the leaves linear,
spathulate, free from the base, subimbricate, the lateral pair external, the
median pair internal; //aments very slender, subulate; aufhers linear,
versatile, 2-locular, extrorse ; no staminodes or rudiment of ovary. /ev2-
anth of female flowers none ; ovary immersed in excavations of the axis,
closely applied but not adnate; s¢y/e subulate filiform, acutish, exsert,
scarcely papillose ; ovary 1-locular and 1-ovulate, the ovule on a short,
basal, axile funicle. /vzct nut-like, on the subglobosely thickened, woody
rachis of the strobili, which is mostly denuded of bracts ; pericarp mem-
branaceous ; endocarp osseous ; mesocarp hirsute-spongy ; fruit becoming
polystichously plurilocular, and the locules unequal by pressure, 1-seeded.
Seed typically lenticular-reniform, minutely rostellate, the testa fuscous,
adnate to the locular walls ; eméryo annular, terete, surrounding the pul-
verulent-amylaceous endosperm, apex of radicle and of cotyledons superior.
372 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
A moneecious shrub, glabrous, annual (?), fesky and decumbent, the
branches falsely ¢vechofomous, not jointed; the aves sessile, semiterete,
fleshy, obtuse, the sfzes or unisexual strobili solitary on the ends of the
branches or laxly and few-gregariously sessile.
Allied to Pachycornia Hook. f., but very distinct.
HALOPHYTUM AMEGHINOI Speg. (Ze/vagonia ameghinot Speg. in Nov.
Add adipl Pataca yi
Glabrous, mediocre annual with opposite or alternate, divaricate dvanches.
Leaves sessile, linear, obtuse. //owers solitary, sessile, or rarely stalked in
the upper axils. Sefa/s 4, cruciate. Ovary obovate. Drupe 1—5-celled.
S. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz, and by Lago Viedma.
In sandy marshes in South Patagonia and Chubut.
The female spikes simulate densely leafy branchlets in bud.
Family 33. Amarantace#. Amaranth Family.
Herbs or (tropical) shrubs, with simple, thin eaves, and small, green or
white, apetalous flowers, perfect or diclinous, scavzous-bracted and 2-brac-
feolate, often in spikes or heads. Calyx-segments 1-5. Stamens 1-5,
hypogynous; anthers 1—2-celled ; filaments mostly united below. Ovary
I-celled. St#gmas 1-3. Ovules 1, rarely more. /vuzt mostly a circum-
scissile utricle or irregularly dehiscing, or indehiscent. 7érvyo annular.
Lindosperm \arge.
Species 425, most in warm countries.
Allied to Chenopodiaceae, but differing by —
(a) Bracts scarious, not leafy.
) Habit less fleshy, and leaves thin.
c) Frequent union of filaments.
a@) Sometimes by 1-celled anthers.
) Sometimes by plurality of seeds.
) Utricle not closely connected with the persisting perianth.
) Utricle being commonly circumscissile.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
A, Anthers 2-celled. Ovule erect. Leaves alternate.
6. Perianth-segments erect in anthesis. Flowers polygamo-dicecious. Stamens 2-5. Uttricle
indehiscent or circumscissile. 1. Amarantus.
MACLOSKIE: AMARANTACEA. 373
62. Moneecious. Perianth none. Stamens 2. 2. Amarantellus.
Az, Anthers 1-celled. Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovule suspended from top of funicle. Perianth-
leaves free. Leaves opposite.
6, Stigma sessile, capitate. Perianth sessile amid bracteoles, pilose. Staminal tube 5-cleft,
the antheriferous segments linear-ciliolate. 3. Pfaffia.
62. Stigmas 2, subulate, or 2-3-branched. Perianth silky, its 5 segments free or basi-con-
nate. Staminal tube long, 5-lobed, the lobes broad or fringed or trifid.
4. Gomphrena.
1. AMARANTUS Linn.
Annual herbs, with alternate, petiolate, pinnately veined /eaves, and
diclinous flowers in spikes or axillary glomerules. Sefals 2-5. Stamens
2—5, anthers 2-celled. Styles 2-3. Fruit circumscissile or indehiscent.
Ovule 1, subsessile, erect.
Species 50, widely distributed.
1. A. BLiTuM Linn. (Eaxolus viridis Moq.)
Stem stout, branching, reddish. Leaves ovate, and various, obtuse to
emarginate. /owers in axillary spikelets, shorter than the petioles, with
an erect, long, terminal spike. Sefa/s 3, lanceolate. Seed lenticular.
Old World; Brazil; N. Patagon., Rio Negro.
2. A. CRISTULATUS Speg.
Subcinereous-green, annual, 10-30 cm. high. Svems rosulate-effuse,
numerous, pallid, striatulous. Leaves small, crowded, alternate, their
limbs ovate or lanceolate, rather firm, obtuse, mostly complicate and
densely wavy-crisped on the margin; petiole nearly as long. Glomerules
all axillary, subglobose densely crowded. Flowers minute, very crowded ;
sepals 5, spatulate, obtuse, scarcely mucronulate. U/fvicles ovate, com-
pressed, included, acutish, minutely 3-mucronulate.
N. Patagon., in dry sandy places between Rio Negro and Rio Colorado.
3. A. HyBRIDUS Linn. (4. chlorostachys W.)
Slender, dark-green to purple. //owers chiefly in linear, terminal spikes.
Sepals 5, cuspidate; dvacts twice as long. Seed orbicular.
(Eurasia and Amer., N. and S.); Bahia Blanca and N. Patagon. ‘The
young plant is eaten like spinach.”’ (J. Ball.)
374 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. AMARANTUS VULGATISSIMUS Speg.
Stem procumbent, pale green, striatulous, glabrous. Leaves long-peti-
olate, ovate or lanceolate, obtuse or very obtuse, mucronulate, rigidly
membranaceous, greenish to subcinerascent. G/omerules axillary, shorter
than or equalling the petiole, the apical crowded in a simple or scarcely
compound vaceme, which is more or less elongate, erect and thick. //ow-
evs small; sepals 5; spathulate, very obtuse, but mucronulate. U7fvicle
sublenticular, smooth, enclosed in, or scarcely exceeding the perianth.
N. Patagon., not rare in cultivated places near Carmen de Patagones.
2. AMARANTELLUS Speg. (Plantz novz nonnullz Amer. Austral.,
P. 343, 190T.)
Flowers monoecious, I-bracted and 2-bracteolate. Pevzanth none.
Stamens 2, oppositibracteolate; anthers short-ovate, 2-celled. Ovary
ovoid, compressed; s¢y/e very short, stigmas 3, subulate, papillose all
over; ovule 1, subsessile, erect. U¢ricle twice as long as the bracts and
bracteoles, ovoid, compressed, membranaceous, vesiculose, faintly 3-
nerved, irregularly dehiscing, scarcely mucronulate. Seed vertical, erect,
lenticular, with crustaceous testa, and no aril. méryo annular, sur-
rounding mealy endosperm; cotyledons linear, radicle inferior.
-Decumbent annual herb, glabrous or scarcely pubescent. Leaves
alternate; limb ovate, entire, acutish or apically retuse, basi-cuneate,
long-petiolate. Flowers small, in axillary sympodial glomerules and a
terminal raceme, green. Bracts and bracteoles membranaceous, persistent.
Habit of Auxolus, but the absence of pertanth, and there being only 2
stamens distinguish it.
Species 1, common over all Argentina, and in N. Patagon.
A. ARGENTINUS Speg.
Stems glabrate or puberulous, rubicund or green, obsoletely striate,
15-50 cm. Leaves green, pallid underneath, with prominent whitish
pinnate nerves, petioles as long as the limb. G/omerules axillary, small,
mostly geminate, and an apical thick vaceme, bracts elliptic, and drac-
teoles twice as long, oblanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous. U/¢vzc/es pallid
green, smooth.
(La Plata); N. Patagon., common by roadsides near Carmen.
MACLOSKIE : NYCTAGINACEA:. - 375
3. PFAFFIA Mart.
Mostly tomentose herbs or undershrubs, with thick vootstocks, and
slender, erect stems ,; leaves opposite, sessile or nearly sessile, generally
tomentose. lowers in dense, stalked heads or spikes. Calyx 5-parted,
very hairy. Szamzna/ tube long, its lobes ciliate-fimbriate. U7fvicle inde-
hiscent.
Species 15, Brazil. (Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iti, 1a, p. 116.)
P. LANATA (Poir). (P. domentosa Matt.)
Tomentose undershrub. Leaves 1 cm. long, subsessile, oval, acute,
mucronulate, subrepand-dentate. Peduncle long ; heads solitary, subglo-
bose, sulphur-white. Sefa/s scarcely exceeding the lateral bracts.
(Brazil); Bahia Blanca and N. Patagon.
4. GOMPHRENA Linn.
Branching hirsute-woolly herbs with opposite, entire eaves, and mostly
swollen nodes. Calyx 5-parted. Staminal tube elongated, its lobes
emarginate ; anthers 1-celled. S#gmas mostly 2. Utricle ovoid-com-
pressed, indehiscent. Seed 1, lenticular.
Species go, chiefly in Central and S. Amer., 15 in Austral.
I. G. PERENNIS Linn.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate below, acute. H/ead's
terminal and lateral, with 2 subfloral leaves ; fowers shining pale yellowish.
(Argentina) ; N. Patagon. (?).
2. G. ROSEA Griseb.
Perennial, from a descending rhizome. S#ems few, subsimple, 20 cm.
high, strigose-woolly. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, subsessile, equalling
the lower internodes. ead terminal, hemispherical. Subfloral leaves 4,
ovate-acuminate. Sepals woolly below, pink, oblong, linear, denticulate,
carinately 1-nerved. Lateral bracts crestless, exceeding the calyx. Stam-
anal tube shortly exsert.
(Argentina); probably in N. Patagon.
376 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Family 34. Nycracmwnace#. Family of Marvel-of-
Peru, Four-o'clock.
Mostly herbs, with simple entire aves, and regular, apetalous flowers,
having inferior, synsepalous, corolla-like ca/yx, usually with an involucre
of dvacts. Stamens 1-many, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 basal
ovule. S¢y/e 1, filiform, or none. vat an anthocarp, being a nut en-
closed by the persisting, ribbed or winged base of the calyx.
Species 250, abounding in Amer.
(When the involucre is 1-flowered it and the calyx resemble the double
perianth of a sympetalous dichlamyd.)
1. MIRABILIS Linn.
Herbs, branching di-trichotomously, with opposite /eaves, the lower
petiolate, the upper sessile, and calyx-like involucre which encloses 1 to
several flowers in cymes. Pertanth-tube \ong, constricted above the ovary,
its limb 5-lobed, plicate and deciduous. SZamens 5-6, unequal, exserted,
the filaments united below and incurved.
A small widely scattered genus, with 1 species in Himalaya, a few in
N. Am., especially Calif., also in Mex., Peru, Chili, Argent. (Fig. in
Eng. & Prantl, 111, 10, p. 25.)
M. Tosca: (Ltz. sub Oxybaphus).
Rhizome thick, woody, sending up many stems. Leaves decussate,
short-petiolate, subcordate-hastate, crenate, rough, nerves conspicuous
underneath ; 35 by 20 mm., smaller above. /Vowers axillary from the
upper leaves, 3 in the involucre, which has 5 acuminate processes with
glandular hairs. Stamens 3. Style long, filiform.
(Argentina) ; N. Patagon.
2. BOUGAINVILLAAA Commers.
Shrubs or trees, often thorny and climbing, with alternate /eaves and
flowers devoid of involucre but inserted on the ribs of 1-3 large colored
bracts. Fevianth tubular-funnelform, twisted, often greenish below and
white or pink above, often persisting in fruit as wings. Stamens 7-8,
united below ; anthers didymous, included. Ovary stipitate. duthocarp
fusiform, 5-costate.
Species 7, in warm parts of S. Amer.
MACLOSKIE: AIZOACEA. 377
I. BOUGAINVILLZA PATAGONICA Decne.
Shrubs, with stout branches, unarmed and not well clothed by the fas-
cicles of rather short, oblong-spatulate, subacute leaves. lowers arising
from 3 large bracts, larger and broader than the leaves. Perigonial tube
long, slightly enlarged upwards, and with a 5-lobed spreading limb.
Stamens 6, hypogynous. Ovary long, ovoid, with simple, sublateral
style.
Patagon.
2. B. spinosa (77icycle spinosa Cav.) Eng. & Prantl.
Spinous shrub, 3 meters high, with reddish branches, the spines at
length forking apically. Leaves fasciculate on short branches, only 8
mm. long, linear-spatulate, coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers 1 cm. long, I
or few at the nodes, pendulous, with 3 puberulous ovate-cordate bracts.
Perianth with long, greenish tube, yellow limb, and 5 emarginate lobes.
Stamens 5-6, unequal. Ovary fusiform with lateral style.
(Chili; Argentina) ; Patagon., near mouth of Rio Chubut. (Dusén.)
In dry places along Rio Negro.
Family 35. Artzoacea (/%cordee). Carpet-weed Family.
Prostrate, branching herbs or undershrubs, with mostly fleshy /eaves,
often scariously stipulate; and small, regular flowers, having a 4—5-partite
calyx, and petals small or none. Stamens 4-5 or fewer, perigynous.
Ovary 3-5-celled, free. Seeds numerous. Cafsu/e loculicidal or circum-
scissile. Embryo slender, curved around mealy endosperm.
Species 500, mostly in warm climates.
Ie peSoUVIUM, Linn:
Fleshy, seaside, usually prostrate herbs, with smooth, opposite, exstipu-
late /eaves, and solitary or clustered, axillary, 5-merous flowers. Petals
none. Sepals colored inside. Styles 3-5. Capsude circumscissile.
Seeds reniform.
Species 5, tropical and subtropical.
S. PORTULACASTRUM Linn. (non Gray).
Stem prostrate, spreading from a center. Leaves linear to lance-
oblong, plane. Avowers with long or short pedicels. (Fig. in Eng. &
Piaityeuleloeped2 and 30... 125.)
378 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Old and New Worlds); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.
of a sf
2 SL DRAGON GAs inn.
Herbs or undershrubs, with thickish, alternate, entire, exstipulate aves,
and green to yellow or red, apetalous, axillary flowers. Calyx-tube ad-
nate to the ovary, bearing 1—more stamens. Ovary mostly 3-8-celled,
with as many subulate styles and ovules. vat a winged or horned nut
or drupe. Seeds subreniform.
Species 20, S. Afr., Orient, Austral. and S. Amer.
T. EXPANSA Murr. New Zealand Spinach.
Annual, with petiolate, ovate-rhomboid eaves and sessile flowers.
Stamens in fascicles of 4-5, at each sinus of the calyx. vat obovoid,
4-horned, 6—-8-seeded. Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 10, p. 45.
(Japan; Australasia; New Zealand; Extratrop. S. Am. and cult.); W.
Patagon.
(7: ameghinot Speg. is Halophytum, supra p. 372.)
Family 36. Porruracace#. Purslane Family.
Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, generally fleshy, with regular, perfect,
unsymmetrical flowers. Sepals usually 2, only rarely 5. /efals 4-5 or
more, hypogynous. Sz/amens hypogynous, as many as the petals or fewer,
rarely more. Ovary 1-celled, mostly superior; style 2-3-parted. Capsule
circumscissile, or opening by 3 valves. méryo curved.
Species 125, in tropical and subtropical countries; less abundant in
colder parts. C/ay/onza, found in Siberia and N. Amer. and in mountains
of Mex. and Cuba, is not found farther south in Amer. ; but C. austvalasica
Hook. is in Austral. and N. Zeal. Cadlandrinia, with 15 species in
Australia, has 60 species in the American cordilleras from California to
Patagonia.
Key TO THE GENERA.
(All these are bisepalous except Montia.)
A, Ovary superior.
6. Leaves alternate or basal. Stamens 5 or more. Ovules numerous, Embryo circular
around the endosperm. 1. Calandrinia.
62. Leaves alternate. Stamens 8 or more. Seeds numerous. Embryo slightly curved, and
endosperm scanty. Involucre consisting of dry imbricating bracts. Undershrub.
2. Grahamia.
MACLOSKIE: PORTULACACE. 379
63. Leaves opposite. Flowers sympetalous, with 2-3 stamens and 3 ovules. Small aquatics.
Sepals 3. 3. Montia.
64. Stamen 1. Capsule 2-valved, with 1-2 black seeds. 5. Monocosmia,
Az, Ovary more or less inferior. Stamens 4-many. Seeds numerous. Fleshy herbs with
alternate leaves. 4. Portulaca.
1. CALANDRINIA H. B. & K.
Leaves alternate or cespitose. lowers solitary and long-stalked, or
axillary, or in terminal racemes or heads. Seals 2, ovate. Petals gen-
erally ephemeral. S¢amens 5-many. Ovary free, many-ovulate. Szyle
3-cleft or sulcate. Seeds reniform.
Species 75, W. Amer. and Austral.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves linear.
6. Scapes 1-flowered. Plants glabrous ; flowers purple. rupestrts.
62. Scapes 1—3-flowered, sepals fimbriate. Plants viscous. patagonica,
63. Flowers corymbed. Sepals trifid. trifida.
64. Flowers capitate. Sepals 3-toothed. prostrata.
Az. Leaves lanceolate, all radical. Scapes 1-flowered. densifolia.
A3. Leaves narrow-oblong, attenuate petiolate, and sessile on stem. Flowers crowded on ends
of the branches. fasciculata.
I. C. DENSIFOLIA Phil.
Cespitose, small. Leaves lanceolate, all radical, densely crowded,
acutish. Peduncles radical, in fruit twice as long as the leaves. Calyx
glabrous, its leaves ovate, entire, acute. Capsule as long as the calyx.
Seeds smooth, shining.
(Andine elevations by Coquimbo.) Cordilleras of S. Patagon., on
damp ground (J. B. Hatcher; in fruit Feb. 6, 1897). Rootstock as thick
as acrow-quill. Leaves 20 by 3 mm.; pedicels 1-flowered; petals 4, ovate,
subacute, twice as long as the sepals, thin-margined.
Zante -RASCICULATA EI:
Glabrous. Stem erect, branching, 10 cm. high. Leaves narrow, ob-
long, attenuately petiolate; the cauline few and subsessile. /lowers
crowded on the ends of the branches, sessile. Bracts large, orbicular,
mucronate. Seda/s subscarious, unequal, the outer larger and orbicular ;
the inner ovate. Seeds subpunctate, shining.
(Andes of Peru.)
380 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. CALANDRINIA PATAGONICA Speg.
Perennial, low, glaucescent, viscous. Leaves fasciculate at the base of
the scapes, linear, subacute. Scafes scarcely surpassing the leaves, 1-3-
flowered. Sefa/s ovate, glandular-viscous, fimbriate on the back and
margin, shorter than the glabrous, milky, persistent Jefa/s and ovate caf-
sules. Rhizome slender, long; branches above ground 3-6 cm. high,
densely leafy at base and scape-like, with few flowers above.
Dry, sandy places by Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz and by Lago Argentino.
4. C. PROSTRATA Phil.
Prostrate annual, usually hairy. eaves linear, or attenuate below,
hispid, marginally appressed-ciliate. //owers in dense heads, axillary and
terminal ; upper leaves as an involucre, not surpassing the flowers. Sefad/s
dorsally hirsute, with compound hairs, mostly tridentate. Corolla purple.
Seeds many, shining.
(Chili); dry meadows near Carren-leoft.
5. C. RUPESTRIS Gay.
Glabrous. Szems 25-50 mm. high, multicipital, cespitose. Leaves
crowded at base, narrow-linear, fleshy, acute, entire, 12 mm. long. /e-
duncles radical, naked, simple, 1-flowered, 3-4 times as long as leaves.
Flowers purple, naked; sty/e 1, very short; sé#gmas 3, thick, subconnate.
Seeds glabrous, rugulose. |
(Chilian cordilleras); Patagon., Chubut, in stony parts of mountains.
Leaves somewhat longer than in the description (to 25 mm.), their apex
very attenuate, also attenuate downwards. Scapes rather rigid. (Speg.)
By Rio Sta. Cruz. (Hatcher. )
6. C TRIFIDA Hook 62. Arn:
Annual, with stems more or less erect, simple, hairy. Leaves linear,
acute, hairy, the radical elongated; the cauline long-ciliated. Corymds
dense, axillary. Lower dracts long-ciliated, exceeding the inflorescence.
Sepals ovate, trifid, long-ciliate, hairy on the borders. Szamens 5.
(Valparaiso); Chubut, near Cholila. ‘The leaves may be obtuse or
acute in the same plant. Seeds shining, gently reticulate-impressed. Is
it C. floribunda Ph.?”’ (Speg.)
MACLOSKIE: PORTULACACEA. 381
2. GRAHAMIA Gill. (Xevanthus Miers.)
Shrub, with alternate oblong, fleshy /eaves, and stipules resolved into
hairs. //owers terminal, solitary, handsome. Sefads 2, rigid, striate, sca-
rious-margined. Avacts numerous, imbricate, scarious. .S¢amens many,
borne on the base of the petals. S*y/e 4-5 cleft. Seeds winged.
SPecicas ta Vize.
G. BRACTEATA \ Gill.
Flowers white, the filaments reddish below.
N. Patagon.
3. MONTIA Linn. Water-chickweed.
Small, glabrous, aquatic annuals, tufted and freely branched. Leaves
opposite, spatulate or obovate. flowers nodding, solitary or racemed.
Sepals 3. Petals ovate-oblong, united at the base. Stamens 2-3. Cap-
sule 3-valved.
Species 1, in many local varieties, which may be regarded as separate
species; in Eurasia, N. Afr., N. Amer. and by the Andes to Chili; also
in Austral. and N. Zeal. and Kerguelen’s I.
1. M. FONTANA Linn.
Inflorescence axillary and in terminal, panicled racemes. (Fig. 21 in
Eng. & Prantl, iii, 16, p. 58.) Falklands; Staaten I.; W. Magellan, at
400 meters elevation. (Dusén.)
2. M. crippa Griseb.
Sepals obscurely 3-lobed, gibbous on the back.
ec Obits
(eee OR UE ACK inn.) Purslane:
Spreading, much-branched, fleshy herbs, with terminal fowers. Sepats
united partly to each other and to the ovary. efa/s 4-6, mostly 5, inserted
on the calyx, fugacious. Stamens 7-many, on the calyx. Style 3-9-
parted. Ovales many. Capsule circumscissile.
Species 20, tropical and subtrop.
1. P. OLERACEA Linn.
Leaves alternate or crowded at the ends of the branches, glabrous,
fleshy, obovate-cuneate, rounded at the top. //owers yellow; sepals
broad, keeled, acutish. (Widely distributed in warm climates. )
N. Patagon., along Rio Negro., common.
382 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2. PORTULACA PILOSA Linn.
Leaves linear, terete, obtuse, with tufts of hairs in the axils. lowers
sessile. Petals red, twice as long as the sepals.
(U. S. to S. Amer.) ; N. Patagon., along the Rio Negro, not rare.
P. PILOSA MUCRONATA (Link.).
Leaves oblong, sharply acuminate.
5. MONOCOSMIA Fenzl.
Sepals 2, persistent, with a dorsal nerve. Fefals 3-4. Stamen 1,
Ovary superior, with 1 s#y/e and 2 terminal sé#gmas, unilocular ; oveles 3-4,
basal. Capsule bivalved, 1-2-seeded. Annual herb, with prostrate stems.
many leaves and minute flowers, in terminal and axillary inflorescences.
Species 1, Chili, Patagonia.
M. MONANDRA (R. & Pav. sub Zalnum) Pax.
Basal eaves rhomboid-lanceolate, petiolate, cauline, sessile. Seed black.
(Chili); Chubut, in hills along Carren-leofu.
Family 37. CarvopHyittace&®. The Pink Family.
Herbs, with opposite, entire leaves, the nodes mostly swollen, and per-
fect, regular, 4-5-merous flowers with persistent calyx, free petals, stamens
mostly twice as many, and superior 1-celled ovary with 2-5 styles and free
central placenta. Embryo curved around endosperm. Petals sometimes
none; and fruit sometimes a 1-seeded achene.
Species 1,500, abounding chiefly in the northern hemisphere (includ-
ing Paronychiee and Lllecebree which are sometimes perigynous).
Key To THE GENERA.
At. Sepals united (Sz/enoidez). Stamens hypogynous. Leaves exstipulate.
6. Styles 3 (4). Capsule-teeth twice as many. Capsule several-celled at its base.
1. Stlene, p. 383.
62. Styles 3-5. Capsule-teeth twice as many; capsule 1-celled from the base.
3. Melandryum, p. 384.
63. Styles and capsule-teeth usually 5. Capsule 1-celled throughout.
2. Lychnis, p. 384.
Az. Sepals distinct or nearly so (A/sinoide@). Stamens often perigynous.
6. Fruit a dehiscent capsule.
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACEA.
383
¢c. Exstipulate.
ad. Petals deeply 2-cleft ; rarely none.
e. Capsule subovoid, dehiscing by valves. Styles 3 (4-5), antisepalous.
4. Alsine (Stellaria), p. 385.
e2. Capsule cylindric, dehiscing by teeth. Styles as many as, and opposite, sepals
5. Cerastium, p. 387.
a2. Petals entire, or nearly so; rarely none.
e. Gynecium isomerous (or pliomerous).
f. Petals often none or short. Stamens isomerous and episepalous, or diplo-
merous. Minute plants.
6. Sagina, p. 390.
f2. Petals none. Stamens isomerous but alternisepalous.
7. Colobanthus, p. 390.
e2. Gynecium oligomerous, 1-celled.
Carpels usually more than 2. Seeds many.
jf. Carpels with as many teeth as the styles.
Disk thick, lobed. Maritime
plants.
8. Ammodenia, p. 393.
f2. Carpels with twice as many teeth as the styles. Disk annular.
9. Arenaria, p. 393.
(Tissa, Spergularia.)
10. Buda, p. 395.
c3. With stipules. Leaves 4-ranked. Calyx-lobes, stamens and staminodes each 4.
Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. 14. Philippiella, p. 397.
62. Fruit an achene, 1-seeded.
c. Leaves stipulate.
c2. With scarious stipules, Carpels and styles 3.
Stamens perigynous.
d. Embryo curved. Sepals awn-tipped. Stamens 5 (3-4). Style filiform, 2-cleft.
Petals hair-like. 11. Paronychia, p. 396.
a2. Embryo straight.
Sepals ending in a stout spine. 13. Acanthonychia, p. 397.
a3. Small, sessile leaves, with small, green flowers in axillary clusters.
12. Herntaria, p. 396.
c2. Leaves exstipulate. Styles 2, distinct.
Scleranthus.
Calyx 4-5-lobed. Stamens I-10.
1. SILENE Linn. Campion.
Calyx synsepalous, 5-toothed; not bracted at base. /efa/s 5, narrow,
clawed. Stamens 10. Styles mostly 3; capsules 6- or 3-toothed.
Species 250, widely distributed.
1. S. ANTIRRHINA Linn.
Annual, nearly glabrous. .S/e erect, branching, leafy. Leaves oblan-
ceolate, acute, subciliate, the upper narrower and smaller.
Flowers small,
on filiform pedicels, paniculate. Calyx narrow-ovoid, its teeth ovate.
Petals obcordate, crowned.
(In E. United States); N. Patagon. by Carmen.
384 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2. SILENE ANTIRRHINA PTERONEMA J. Ball.
Calyx-veims as prominent ridges. Calyx-teeth longer. Capsule ovoid,
not globose.
Valleys near Bahia Blanca, to N. Patagon., Rio Negro.
3. S. BEHEN L.
Glabrous, branching, with /ower /eaves petiolate, obovate-lanceolate,
mucronulate, #pper leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate. Calyx ovate-inflated,
striate-veiny. efals pale pink, 2 lobed, the lobes short, obtuse, with 2
bicuspid appendages.—Crete, etc.
S. BEHEN CUCUBALUS (W.) O. Ktze. (Sz/ene cucubalus Wibel.)
Leaves ovate. Capsule berry-like. <A diffuse climber.
(Eur.; N. Afr.; Himalaya); Patagon.
2 LINAS LUN Deve Laltinle
Calyx synsepalous, 5-toothed, not bracted at base. /efa/s 5, clawed,
generally crowned. Stamens 10. Ovary 5- (rarely 3-4-) valved; styles
of the same number.
Species 35, Eurasian; abounding in Central and N. E. Asia, whence it
came to N. W. Amer., thence to mountains of S. Amer. and Patagon.
L. ANTARCTICA O. Kuntz. (ZL. chilensts Speg. non Gay.)
Scafes often with 2-3 pairs of leaves. Calyx minutely. glandular-
puberulous (not crispidulous as in L. chz/ensi?s Gay).
S. Patagon., rocks near Lago Argentina. (‘‘ Probably a depauperate
form of Melandryum patagonicum Speg.’’)
3. MELANDRYUM Roehl.
Calyx ventricose to campanulate, 10o-20-ribbed. efa/s bifid, crowned.
Capsule 3-5-merous, its teeth twice as many.
Species 60, Eurasia, Nearctic; Andes.
1. M. CHUBUTENSE (Speg. sub Lychuts).
Perennial, densely cespitose, with fasciculate branchlets. Leaves very
narrowly linear, acute, glabrous, entire, marginally ciliolate. Scafes
elongate, pubescent, 2—3-nodose, apically 1-3-flowered. Calyx ovate,
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACE&. 385
glandular, pubescent, 1o-nerved, with broad teeth. Capsule scarcely
exserted.
Patagon., Chubut, by Rio Carren-leofl. ‘“Distinguishable from JZ.
magellanicum by its leaves being mostly broader, rigid, acute or sub-
pungent, strongly carinate, margin often pectinate-ciliolate.” (Speg.)
2. MELANDRYUM MAGELLANICUM (Desr. sub Lychuis) Fenzl.
Subvillous. Roofs suffrutescent, bearing several rosettes of linear,
grass-like /eaves, and 3 pairs of rather broader, cauline leaves on the scafe,
12 cm. high; mostly 1-flowered. efa/s bifid, exceeding the campanulate
calyx.
Allied to JZ. afetalum (L.) of the Arctic regions.
Patagon. Magellan (Hatcher); N. and E. Fuegia. (Dusén, ‘of the
steppe-flora.’’)
3. M. PATAGONICUM Speg.
Perennial, laxly cespitose. Branches crowded, decumbent,‘ densely
leafy upwards. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, base very attenuate,
densely glandular on both surfaces, hispid-velvety. Scafes axillary, long,
naked, pubescent, 1-flowered. Calyx green, glandular-pubescent, ob-
tusely 5-toothed.
Patagon., Chubut, by Lago Fontana.
4. ALSINE Linn. 1737. (Stedaria L. 1753.)
Tufted annuals, generally diffuse, with cymose, white fowers. Petals
2-partite, rarely none. S#y/es usually 3, rarely 4-5, oppositisepalous.
Capsule ovoid, opening by twice as many valves as the styles.
Species 75; in temperate and cold climates. None in Brazil; a few in
Chili.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A, Flowers axillary only. Leaves narrow.
6. Leaves narrow-linear. axillaris.
62. Leaves linear-lanceolate. debilis,
Az2. Leaves linear. Flowers lateral or terminal, long-pediceled. chubutensts.
A3. Flowers axillary and in terminal cymes. Leaves broader.
6, Leaves lanceolate-oblong. Sepals exceeding the bifid petals. lanceolata.
62. Leaves lanceolate. Petals short or none. Seeds smooth. borealis,
63. Leaves rounded, 3-nerved. rotundifolia.
64. Leaves ovate to cordate. Ciliary line along the stem. media.
65. Lower leaves petiolate-cordate, upper leaves sessile, lanceolate. nemorum.
386 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. ALSINE AXILLARIS (Phil.).
Glabrous, branching, cespitose, 20 mm. high, internodes twice as long
as the linear eaves, which are attenuate both ways. /Peduncles axillary,
1-flowered, equalling the leaf. ef/a/s narrow, bifid, equalling the ovate-
oblong sepals. Capsule scarcely exceeding the calyx.
(NisGnili) sain iegias
2. A. BOREALIS (Bigel.) Brit.
Weak; much branched, Leaves lanceolate, or broader, 12-36 mm.
long, acute, sessile. Cyme leafy. Flowers 4-8 mm. broad. /fefals 2-5,
shorter than the sepals, or none. Cafsules exceeding the sepals. Seeds
smooth.
(Eurasia; N. United States) ; S. Patagon., Killik Aike by Rio Gallegos.
(J. B. Hatcher, Dec. 13, 1896.)
3. A. CHUBUTENSIS (Speg. sub S#el/aria).
Slender, green, glabrous annual, 1-5 cm. high, decumbent or ascending.
Leaves 1-nerved, linear, the lower obtusish, the others rather acute, about
half as long as the internodes or more. //owers erect, lateral or terminal,
with pedicel as long, or twice as long as the subtending leaf. Sepals
green, rather rigid, lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute. efa/s white, bifid trom
the base, the segments narrow-linear, not or scarcely as long as the sepals.
Patagonia, in shady woods near Carren-leoft.
4.. A. DEBILIS (d’Urv.).
Glabrous. Szems slender, prostrate, lax-cespitose, divaricately branching.
Leaves flaccid, linear-lanceolate, subacute, 3-nerved; their margins finely
cartilaginous, entire. /eduncles solitary in the axils, 1-flowered, shorter
than the leaves. efa/s shorter than the sepals. Capsule exserted.
Patagonia, by Rio Chico; Falklands; Staaten I; N. and E. Fuegia.
(Dusén, ‘in steppe-flora, especially in swamps.’’) “ Allied toa Tasmanian
Species © a em OOKers
A. DEBILIS CONDENSATA (A. Gray).
Leaves narrow-linear to almost filiform, slightly revolute.
Orange Harbor, Fuegia.
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACEA. 337
5. ALSINE LANCEOLATA (Poir).
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, the Aanzcle pubescent. Sepals ex-
ceeding the bifid petals.
Magellan. Fuegia.
(S. LANUGINOSA Rohrb. = 4venaria lanuginosa.)
6. A. mMEpiA (Linn.). Common Chickweed.
Weak, tufted annual, mostly glabrous, but with a line of cilia along
the stem, branches and petioles. Leaves ovate or oval, or the lower
cordate, and petiolate. A/owers in terminal, leafy cymes, or also solitary
on axillary pedicels. . Seals exceeding the petals.
(Eurasia, and naturalized in N. Am.) ; at Punta Arenas (J. B. Hatcher,
Jan. 10, 1897); Falklands; Fuegia, Ushuaia. Rio Negro; L. Nahuel-
haupi.
7. A. NEMORUM (L. sub Séedlaria).
Stems weak, glabrous. below, downy above. Lower leaves petiolate,
cordate ; upper /eaves sessile, lanceolate. Panzcle dichotomous. Fefals
bifid, twice as long as the sepals. Seeds orbicular, compressed, margin-
ally tubercled.
(Old World; Bolivia); W. Patagon.
8. A. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Poir).
Branches virgate. Leaves petiolate, rounded, fleshy, 3-nerved, sub-
mucronate. /anzcle terminal. efa/s exceeding the sepals.
Magellan (not well known).
5. CERASTIUM Linn. Chickweed.
Suberect herbs, with terminal cymes. Sepals 5 (4), distinct. Petals
emarginate or bifid, rarely none. Stamens 10, rarely fewer. Capsule
cylindric, often curved, 10- (8-)toothed. Styles as many as the sepals,
rarely fewer. Seeds rough. Flowers occasionally few or solitary.
Species 50, chiefly in temperate climates.
Kery TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves mostly sublinear. Flowers in cymes, or subpaniculate.
6, Petals exceeding the sepals.
c. Basal leaves linear-oblong, stem leaves linear-lanceolate. Petal obcordate.
arvense.
383 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
c2. Leaves acuminate. Glandular hairy. Sstrictum.
62. Petals small. Leaves obtuse, viscid. Capsule curved upwards. vulgatum.
Az. Leaves linear, very long. Dichotomously umbellate. Petals as long as the sepals.
commersonianum.,
A3. Leaves oblong-linear, whorled, glabrous. Peduncles 3-flowered. colsmannt,
A4. Leaves lance-elliptical to linear-oblong, glandular. Peduncles 1- (2-)flowered.
fuegianum.
As. Leaves subovate, obtuse. Viscid. Cymes at length lax. Petals shorter than sepals.
6, Stamens 10. Cymes glomerate at first. glomeratum.
62. Stamens 4-5. Tufted annual. semidecanarum.
1. CERASTIUM ARVENSE Linn.
Perennial, nearly glabrous, rather slender. Lower eaves and leaves of
sterile shoots linear-oblong, crowded. Stem leaves distant, linear-lanceo-
late. Flowers cymose ; pedicels slender ; fetals obcordate, greatly exceed-
ing the sepals.
(Temperate parts of Eurasia and N. Amer. Common in Chili and S.
Brazil.) Everywhere on the pampas of S. Patagon. (Hatcher & Peter-
son); Punta Arenas; Fuegia to Cape Horn. Falklands.
C. ARVENSE FUEGIANUM Hook. f.
Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, long, coriaceous, imbricated. Flower
solitary, terminal, large. Capsule slightly exceeding the calyx.
C. ARVENSE NERVOSUM (Naud.).
Specimens 1-flowered ; sefa/s more or less purpurascent at the apex,
laxly and minutely puberulous.
S. Andine Patagon., Baguales.
C. ARVENSE PARVIFLORUM Dusén.
Densely branching, the branches small and glandular. Panicles dense.
Sepals scarcely scarious-edged. Petals scarious, exceeding the sepals.
S. Fuegia, Rio Grande. (Dusén.)
C. ARVENSE STRICTUM Hook. f.
Erect, strict, flowers paniculate.
2. C. COLSMANNI Lehm.
Stem strict. Leaves in whorls, fasciculate, reflexed, oblong-linear,
glabrous. Peduncles terminal, about 3-flowered.
(Central European Alps.) Patagonia, Magellan.
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACE. 389
3. CERASTIUM COMMERSONIANUM Ser. (C. chilense Baill.)
Stem dichotomous, angular, viscid. Leaves linear, very long, sessile.
Flowers dichotomously umbellate. Sefa/s lanceolate, acute, scarcely
membranaceous on margin. /efa/s and capsule as long as the sepals.
“Distinguished from C. avvense mainly by the foliaceous bracts with
the edges not scarious.”’ (J. Ball.)
(Montevideo ; Argentina) ; N. Patagon.
4. C. FuEGIANUM Alboff.
Low, cespitose, glandular-pubescent. Leaves many, nearly 1 cm. long,
lance-elliptical to linear-oblong, sessile, united at base, subobtuse, nerves
prominent underneath. flowers 1 (2), terminal, short-peduncled, 2-
bracted. Sefad/s lanceolate, glandular. Fefa/s oblong-obovate.
S. Fuegia, Ushuaia.
5. C. GLOMERATUM Thuill. (C. vescosum L.)
Stem hairy, viscid, spreading. Leaves ovate or obovate, obtuse, viscid.
Bracts small, herbaceous. lowers in glomerate cymes, at length panic-
ulate. /e/als shorter than the acute sepals.
(Eur., nat. in N. and Cent. Amer.); N. Patagon., not rare by Lago
Nahuel-huapi and Rio Negro.
C. MAGELLANICUM Phil. is probably C. aruense L., changed in habit and
form of leaves and indumentum.—Rohrbach in Linnza, 37, 304.
6. C. SEMIDECANDRUM Linn.
Small, or 5-stamened Chickweed. Low tufted annual, finely viscid-
pubescent. Leaves ovate-obtuse, only 4-8 mm. long. Cymes with the
pedicels at length exceeding the sepals. /7owers small ; stamens usually
4 or 5. fetals shorter than the sepals.
(Asia-minor, Eur.; E. United States); by water courses at Bahia
Blanca and probably in N. Patagon.
Way CaSTRICTUM: Linn.
Perennial, with declinate stems, /eaves sublinear, acuminate, glabrous
or subhirsute. Peduncles glandular-pubescent. /ef/a/s twice as large as
calyx. Capsules oblong.
390 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Eur.); S. Patagon., in gravelly meadows by San Julian; Chubut,
common in elevated plains. .
8. CERASTIUM VULGATUM Linn. (including C. ¢v¢vzale Link).
Tufted, viscid-pubescent. Leaves linear, obtuse. //owers lax-cymose.
Pedicels at length exceeding the sepals. Capsules curved upwards.
(Eurasia; N. Amer.) ; Magellan; Falklands, introduced.
6. SAGINA Linn. Pearl-wort.
Tufted herbs, with subulate eaves and small, pediceled, whitish flowers.
Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, entire or emarginate, or none. S/amens varying
to twice as many. Ovary 1-celled; ovules many. Sty/es as many as the
sepals. Capsule 4-5-valved, dehiscing to the base; valves antisepalous.
Species 10, of the N. Hemisphere.
1. S. APETALA Linn.
Erect or ascending, filiform annual, 2-10 cm. high. Leaves linear-sub-
ulate, glabrous or subciliate, 2-8 mm. long. //owers 2 mm. broad or
less; on erect, capillary pedicels. Sepals 4, obtuse; fefals none or
minute. Cafsule exceeding the perianth.
(Eur., N. Amer.); N. Patagon., meadows by Rio Negro. The Patago-
nian forms are glabrous, of two varieties: (1) melanopotamica, with long
internodes ; (2) Aaludosa, erect and rigid, only 1-3 cm. high, leaves long-
acutate-aristulate.
2. S. PROCUMBENS Linn.
Plant depressed, 25-75 mm. high. //owers mostly 4-merous. Fedals
short, usually present. Cafsu/e at length nodding. Seeds dark red, pitted.
(Eurasia and E. N. Amer. and in S. Amer. Cordilleras.) Falklands,
abundant near the sea. Fuegia (?).
7, COLOBAN TH USS art:
Cespitose herbs, often fleshy, with imbricate eaves and mostly solitary,
stalked flowers. Sepals 4-5, free. Petals none. Stamens, styles and
valves of the capsule as many as and alternate with the sepals.
Species 10, in mountains of Antarctic Amer. and of Chili. Also in
Austral., N. Zeal., Kerguelen and Amsterdam and Auckland Is.
MACLOSKIE : CARYOPHYLLACEA. 391
In Colobanthus the styles alternate with the sepals. Benth. & Hook.
represent it as having the valves oppositisepalous ; but Flora Antarctica
is different; this is confirmed by Hatcher’s specimen of C. d7//ardieri and
by Eng. & Prantl, iii, 14, p. 78.
Key To THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves small.
b. Sepals ovate, obtuse. | cherlerioides.
62. Sepals acute. Lycopodiordes.
Az, Leaves narrow-linear.
6. Leaves pectinate. Sepals ovate, setulose. chubutensis.
62. Leaves spiny-tipped. Sepals acute. quitensis,
A3. Leaves linear, obtuse or mucronate. Sepals ovate, obtuse. crassifolius,
A4. Leaves linear-subulate or linear-lanceolate, imbricate. - Sepals lance-acuminate. saduatus.
As. Leaves thick, obtusely-acutish. Sepals lanceolate, acute. billardieri.
I. COLOBANTHUS BILLARDIERI Fenzl.
Stout, short stems, with thick, pallid /eaves, “ obtusely-acutish, ” about
15 mm. by 1.7 mm.; and long, straight scapes. Sepals lanceolate, acute.
(In Australia, New Zeal., Campbell’s I., ‘(banks near the sea.”’ Pata-
gon., by Rio Coy and Cabo Negro; in fruit Dec. 17, 1896. Seeds crim-
son, smooth.)
2. C. CHERLERIOIDES Hook. f.
Densely cespitose, pulvinate, the branches fastigiate, leafy. Leaves
small, closely imbricate, short-ovate, subacute, coriaceous, united at base
into a broad sheath; their margins subciliate. Peduncles very short.
Flowers 5-merous, sessile among the upper leaves. Sefa/s broad, ovate,
obtuse. Capszle cleft to the middle.
(Chili, at great elevations.) Patagonia (?).
3. C. CHUBUTENSIS Speg.
Hirsute perennial, with robust, many-headed caudex. Leaves narrowly
linear, acutish, marginally pectinate-setose towards the base, elsewhere
having few appressed setulz. Scafes twice as long as the leaves, glab-
rous, few-leaved, corymbose. .Sefa/s ovate, glabrous, marginally setulose ;
corollas violaceous, glabrous. Stamens 5-6. Capsule one third exsert.
Seeds wingless, shining, reticulately impressed.
Chubut, in dry hills, near Cholila.
392 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
4. COLOBANTHUS CRASSIFOLIUS Hook. f.
Glabrous, thickish, stems numerous, erect, branching. Leaves linear,
obtuse or mucronate, sheathing at base. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves, elongating in fruit. Sefa/s ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
equalling or exceeding the 5-valved capsule. Seeds dark-red, pubescent.
Falklands, Magellan to Cape Horn. S. Patagon. by Rio Gallegos.
(Nordenskj., ‘by brooks, etc., over the steppes.’’) Fuegia, common near
the coast.
C. CRASSIFOLIUS ARETIOIDES (Gill.).
Root fleshy. Calyx 5-parted, the segments ovate. Capsule exceeding
the calyx.
5. C. LycopopiorbEs Griseb. (C. lechlert Phil. C. polycnemoides Hier.)
Densely tufted, smooth, coriaceous. Szems erect, branching, the
branches spreading. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, united at the base;
acute-concave above. /eduncles terminal, 1—-2-flowered, shorter than the
leaves, not elongated in fruit. //owers 5-merous, very small, axillary.
Sepals acute, twice as long as the 5-valved capsule. Forming dense peat.
(Andes); S. Patagon.; Magellan, Elizabeth I. N. Fuegia.
(C. muscoides from Auckland Isles has fine moss-like leaves.)
6. C. QuITENSIS Bartl.
Plant corticose, extensive hard turf springing from thick roots. Leaves
in radical rosettes, very narrow-linear, acute, spiny-tipped, rather fleshy:
2cm. long. /eduncles longer, twice-jointed in the lower part. lowers
5-merous. Seals acute. Seeds on a long funicle.
(Asia; Arctic America; Rocky Mts.; Cordilleras); Cabo Negro and
Rio Coy, Hatcher}
C. QUITENSIS var. Harder cespitose. Leaves shorter, equalling the
peduncles.
(Rocks of Chiloe); Magellan.
7. C. suBuLatus (d’Urv. sub Sagena) Hook. f.
Low, bushy, like Lycopodium. Stem covered by the imbricated leaves,
which are linear-subulate or linear-lanceolate. ~Sefa/s lance-acuminate.
Capsule 2-5 mm. long, ovoid, 4-5-valved, the valves apically recurved.
S. Patagon.; Magellan, N. and S. Fuegia (Dusén, ‘‘near Ushuaia at
500-1,000 m. above the sea.”’)
MACLOSKIE : CARYOPHYLLACE. 393
8. AMMODENIA Gmel. (Honkenya Ehrh.)
Perennial, fleshy, maritime herbs with rather large, shining, decussate
eaves, and rather small, 4-5-merous, polygamous flowers, petals entire,
and stamens twice as many. Dzsk prominent, 8-1o-lobed. S¢yles 3-5;
capsule globose, 3—-5-valved.
Species EF, Viz.
A. PEPLOIDES (L. sub Avenaria,; Wahl. sub A/sine). Sea-purslane.
With creeping vhzzome, 4-angled sfem, and yellowish-green eaves.
Seeds about 10, black.
Seabeaches through the N. Temperate zone. S. Patagon. (J. B.
Hatcher. )
(The form found in California is considered by some authors as a sep-
arate species, 4. oblongifolia).
9. ARENARIA Linn. Sandwort.
Generally tufted, with terminal cymose or capitate, often solitary,
5-merous, white flowers. Petals scarcely emarginate, rarely none. S/a-
mens 10. Styles usually fewer than the sepals. Cafszles dehiscing by
teeth. Seeds reniform-globose.
Species 150, extra-tropical.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves 4-ranked, imbricated. dicranoides,
A2,. Leaves opposite.
6. Flowers solitary.
c. Leaves short, rough. ; alsinotdes.
c2. Leaves acuminate, basi-attenuate, hairy. lanuginosa.
c3. Leaves thickish, close, awned. Petals none. serpens andina.
62. Flowers few.
c. Leaves lance-linear, broad in the middle. patagonica,
c2. Leaves oblong, obtuse, thickish.
ad. Petals short. Long creepers. Ser pens.
dz. Petals exceeding sepals. Stems short. serpylloides.
1. A. ALSINOIDES Willd.
Stems diffuse, furrowed or quadrangular upward; branches opposite
mostly and pubescent, the hairs uncinately reflexed. Leaves linear or
subulate, or broad, usually shorter than the internodes, puberulent, sca-
394 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
brous. lowers solitary on long axillary, filiform peduncles, puberulous,
in fruit curved upwards. Calyx-/obes ovate, acuminate, carinate. efads
oblong-obtuse, white, shorter than the calyx; rarely none. Ovary sub-
globose, 6-valved; few-seeded.
Variable. One form is low, with simple, 1-flowered stems and short,
pungent leaves. Inflorescence sometimes diffuse.
(N. & S. Amer.) S. Patagon. (Hatcher.)
2. ARENARIA DICRANOIDES H. B. & K. (4. vadians Benth.)
Cespitose, glabrous. Leaves imbricate in 4 ranks, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, concave, I-nerved, ciliate, 4-5 cm. long, connate at the base.
Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, digynous. Ca/yx-leaves oblong, acute.
Petals spatulate, exceeding the calyx. /2/aments connate at base. Styles
Zen sen
(Mt. Antisana; Bolivia, per Gray Herbm.); S. Patagon. (Hatcher.
The leaves have black spots, consisting of ascospores of fungus.)
(A. GRANDIS = Buda grandis.) —
3. A. LANUGINOSA Rohrb.
Lax, procumbent, puberulous. eaves linear, or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, attenuate at the base. AVowers solitary, axillary. _ Calyx-
segments carinate, acuminate. Seeds lenticular, smooth, shining.
(Mex. to Argent.) (Probably the same as 4. a/stnotdes W.)
A. LANUGINOSA DIFFUSA (4. diffusa E1l.).
(Bolivia) ; Patagon.
4. A. PATAGONICA Phil. (4. falustyis patagonica Reiche.)
Stems rough with remains of dead leaves Leaves lance-linear, broad
in the middle. flowers on the apex of the branches, not crowded.
Petals \anceolate, slightly exceeding the calyx.
Patagonia.
(Philippi’s description seems to belong to a different plant. That
given above is chiefly from Reiche.)
5. A. SERPENS H. B. & K.
Glabrous, much branching, with long creepers. Leaves oblong, sub-
spatulate, obtuse, somewhat fleshy, veinless, basiciliate. Pe/a/s scarcely
exceeding the sepals. Seeds about 15, smooth and shining.
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACE-A. 395
(Mex., Mt. Chimborazo.) S.Patagon. (Hatcher.) ‘Everywhere over
all Patagonia; variable.”
ARENARIA SERPENS ANDINA Rohrb.
Leaves close, thickish, subaristate. /Vowers solitary, terminal. Pezaz
none. Stamens 5.
(Bolivia); Patagonia.
A. SERPENS ROBUSTA Speg.
Leaves \inear-lanceolate, fleshy, green to purplish.
In saline places near Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.
6. A. SERPYLLOIDES Naud.
Stems short, ascending; cortex white, glaucescent.. Leaves not very
remote, somewhat fleshy, oblong-obovate or cuneate, obtuse. Flowers
sparse at the ends of the branches, terminal and axillary, short-pediceled.
Calyx-lobes with non-inflexed apex. efa/s half-longer than the calyx.
(Var. of 4. serfens”’ Rohrbach.)
Patagonia, by saline lakes near Golfo de San Jorge.
A. SERPYLLOIDES ANDICOLA (Gill. as 4. andicola).
Leaves \inear-oblong, subspatulate. Pedumncles axillary, 1-flowered,
longer than the leaf. Sefa/s obtuse, as long as the petals. Capsule
about 4-valved. Seeds smooth, black.
(Chili): Patagon, Valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordensk.); and by Rio Sta.
Cruz.
10. BUDA Adans (1763). Sandspurrey. (7Zzssa Adans, 1763.
Spergularia Pers., 1805. Lefegonum Wahl., 1820.)
Low herbs, with very narrow /eaves, having scaly, thin stefules. Sepals
5. Ffetals 5, entire. Stamens 2-10. Styles and valves of capsule mostly
3, rarely 5, the valves then alternisepalous.
Species 4, in temperate regions, especially saline and littoral.
1. B. Granpis (H. B. & K. sub Avenaria).
Perennial, suffrutescent, s/ems erect, glandular-hairy above. Leaves
whorled, exceeding the internodes. Stipules united at their base. Calyx
396 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
glandular-pubescent, 5-6 mm. long. /efa/s nearly as long. Cafsudle
slightly longer. Seed with a white wing. Flowers secund.
(Brazil, Chili); Patagon, in meadows by San Julian; forms with a
short glandular indumentum, but scarcely making a viscous variety.
2. BUDA MARINA Dumort. (A4venaria media DC., non L.; 4. rubra
var. marina L.)
Leaves semicylindrical, fleshy, as long as the internodes. Sefad/s lance-
ovate, obtusish, scarious-margined. Peduncles after flowering deflexed.
Seeds winged.
(Europe, in saline meadows by the sea; U. S. along the Atlantic);
Patagon.
3. B. PLATENSIS (Camb.).
Stems slender. StAules subequal, united half or third way up. Fefals
in the lower flowers ovate; in the upper none. Cafswdée slightly exserted.
Seeds tubercled.
(Chili; Argentina); N. Patagon. (?).
11. PARONYCHIA Juss.
Tufted herbs, with scarious s/Azles and dvacts, and small, clustered,
apetalous flowers. Calyx 5-parted, the segments mostly bristle-pointed.
Stamens 5, or with 5 additional staminodes. Style 2-cleft. Utvicle 1-
seeded.
Species 40, in warm and temperate climates.
PY CHILENSISy OG
Root fruticose. Stems diffused, cespitose. Leaves crowded, oblong-
linear, mucronate, glabrous. lowers in axillary clusters. Calyx-seg-
ments scarcely mucronate.
(Chili) ; N. Patagon.
i2) HERNIAK aie
Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Calyx-tube short, turbinate.
Style very short, more or less deeply 2-parted. /Avuzt enclosed in the
perianth-leaves.
MACLOSKIE: CARYOPHYLLACEA. 397
Annuals or perennials, spreading-decumbent, branched herbs, with
small, sessele leaves, and small, dry st#fpules, and small, green flowers in
dense, axillary clusters, sessile or pediceled.
Species 15, in Mediterr. countries and Canaries.
HERNIARIA HIRSUTA L.
Prostrate, hirsute herb; /eaves ovate-oblong; e/omeriules sessile, few-
flowered.
(Europe); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro near Carmen.
13. ACANTHONYCHIA Rohrb. (/exfacena Bartl.)
Small, cespitose, much branching herbs, with alternate, crowded, sub-
ulate-setaceous leaves, having large, acuminate, silvery stipules and
inconspicuous sessile flowers. Calyx-segments ending in stout, rigid
spines, or 2 of them smaller. Stamens 3-5, the filaments broad at base,
with minute staminodes. Stigmas 2, sessile.
Species few, Chili to Mexico, and 1 in California.
A. RAMOSISSIMA Rohrb. (Weinm.) incl. 4. Jolycnemozdes (Rohrb.).
Stem diffuse, branching. Leaves crowded, terete, glabrous, their apex
pungent. Flowers axillary, few. Fruit 1-seeded.
(Argent.); Patagon.; ‘‘on dry spots from Bahia Blanca to N. Patagon.
and the foot of the Cordilleras. -4cve of the Indians. Its infusion is
used as a stomachic.” J. Ball. By Golfo de San Jorge; Rio Gallegos;
Pom tae TZ:
[Ape ele ele AS apes;
Leaves glabrous, opposite, stipulate. Flowers apical, sessile, all alike.
Calyx 4-cleft; the sepals decussate, imbricate. Staminodes 4, scale-like,
opposite the sepals. Fertile stamens 4, alternate with the sepals. Ovary
1-celled, t-ovuled. Fruit utriculariform, dehiscing irregularly. Seed
suborbicular, compressed. Embryo annular.
Species only 1, viz.:
P. PATAGONICA Speg.
Botryose-ramulose, densely pulvinate. Leaves sessile, ovate-obtuse,
fleshy, imbricating, 4-ranked. Stipules ovate, connate, obtuse, large.
Flowers terminal on branches, bractless, green, glabrous. Stamens in-
cluded, white. Style 2-lobed. Calyx persistent, not accrescent.
398 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
S. Patagon., by mouth of Rio Gallegos, and by Lago Argentino.
This plant when fresh is green and scentless; when dry it emits a strong
scent like that of Valerian. (Speg.)
Family 38. Crratopnyttace®. Hornwort Family.
Submerged herbs, with long, leafy branches, having whorled, finely dis-
sected /eaves with filiform segments, and moncecious flowers, solitary,
sessile in the axils. Pevzanth single, many-parted. S¢amens numerous,
subsessile, extrorse, the connective prolonged. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Style 1, filiform.
The fertile and the sterile flowers are generally at different nodes, or
at opposite sides of the same node. |
One genus and 4 species, cosmopolitan, but not in arctic or antarctic
regions.
CERATOPOAY LEU inn
Leaves spinulose-serrulate, forked. A/ale flowers with 10-20 stamens,
anthers as long as the perianth. Avuzt slightly exceeding the perianth,
tipped by the persistent style.
C. AUSTRALE Griseb.
Lower /eaf-segments narrow-linear, entire; upper linear-capillary, ser-
rulate. .4chenes shortly pedicelled, ellipsoid, tuberculate, narrowly repand-
marginate, naked at the base. S*y/ persisting, at length elongate.
Leaves 3-4 cm. long.
N. Patagon., Rio Negro.
Family 39. Ranuncutace®. Crowfoot Family.
Herbs, rarely climbing shrubs, with exstipulate leaves, alternate
(except in C/emafs), and regular or zygomorphous, complete, or some-
times apetalous flowers. Sepals 3-15, not united (in apetalous species
mostly petaloid). Petals mostly as many, not united. Stamens numer-
ous, they and the perianth-leaves all distinct and hypogynous. Carpels
numerous, rarely 1 or few, nearly always distinct. Fruit having achenes
or follicles. Embryo minute in large endosperm.
Species exceeding 1,000, most in Europe and N. Amer.; fewer in the
tropics. All in the Patagonian Flora have regular flowers.
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACE&. 399
KeryY TO THE GENERA,
A. Perianth single, its leaves petaloid.
6, Fruit consisting of several follicles, each several-seeded. 1. Caltha, p. 399.
62, Fruit consisting of many 1-seeded achenes,
c. Leaves alternate, but a 3-leaved involucre on the scape. 2. Anemone, p. 400.
c2. Leaves opposite, and with no involucre, 3. Clematis, p. 401.
A2. Perianth usually double ; its petals with a nectariferous pit below.
6, Hermaphrodite.
c. Minute annuals with linear leaves, and spurred sepals. Achenes in a spike. Scapes
1-flowered. 4. Myosurus, p. 402.
c2. Stouter herbs, with spurless sepals, and mostly cymose flowers. Achenes in a head.
d. Fruit with soft pericarp. 5. Oxygraphis, p. 403.
d2, Fruit with firm or hard pericarp. 6. Ranunculus, p. 404.
62. Dicecious. 1-flowered male-scapes, and 2-flowered female-scapes. Achenes in a head.
7. Hamaaryas, p. 413.
1. CALTHA Linn. Marsh-marigold.
Leaves entire or crenate, mostly cordate. Sefads large, petaloid. Petals
none. follicles several or few, not united, with ovules on the ventral
suture.
Species 10, iff cold and temperate climates.
Kery TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves trifid, the intermediate division 2-lobed. appendiculata.
Az2. Leaves entire.
6. Leaf-margins ciliate. dioneefolia.
62, Leaves ovate-sagittate. sagittata.
I. C. APPENDICULATA Pers. (DC. sub Psychrophila).
; Fic. 66.
Cespitose, dioecious. Sepals 5, with a long,
apical appendage, marcescent. Scafe_ 1-flow-
ered, very short, naked. Leaves radical, suc-
culent, trifid, cuneiform. Stamens few. Fol-
ficles 5-9.
S. Patagon.; Magellan; Fuegia; alpine.
2. C. DIONEAFOLIA Hook. f.
Leaves resembling in shape those of Dzonea
muscipula.
Stamens 5-7. follicles only 2-3.
“In green bosses upon which the stellate
flowers have al very pretty appearance”’ (Fig. 66). Caltha dionecefolia. Branch, about
Cc TiS h fe : soa E natural size; also magnified leaf and
ommon in Sout parts oe al * magnified flower. (After Alora an-
and W. Magellan; S. Staaten I.
tarctica.)
400 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
3. CALTHA SAGITTATA Cav.
Rhizome creeping. Leaves long-petioled, fleshy, sagittate, auriculate,
inflexed upwards. Sefals 6-10, exceeding the 10 stamens. Frollicles 25.
(Allied to C. Jalustris L.).
(Chili); W. Patagon.; Magellan; over all Fuegia to Cape Horn; Falk-
lands; by Rio Sta. Cruz to Lago Argentino. These are of a latfolar
form, having flowers on long, thick scapes, and suborbicular leaves.
(Speg:) ;
2; “ANEMONE Finn
Erect, with an zzvolucre of leaves on the stem, near to, or remote from
the flower or flowers. Pefa/s none. Sepals 4-20, petaloid. Achenes
capitate.
Species 75, in temperate and cold climates.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Ovary glabrous.
6. Involucre having 2-3 lobed or toothed leaves. (Chili.) antucensis.
62. Involucre having 3, much-divided leaves. hepaticefoha.
A2. Ovary very pubescent. .
6. Sepals 5; flowers 2-4. lanigera.
62. Sepals 5-8; flowers solitary, or 2-3.
c. Radical leaves 3-5 partite; the lobes linear or cuneate. decapetala.
c2. Radical leaves multipartite, with narrow lobes. multifida.
63. Sepals 10-12, leaves triternately divided. triternata.
1. A. DECAPETALA Audouin.
Hairy or somewhat silky, 20-45 cm. high. oof tuberous. Leaves 3-
5-partite ; their segments linear or cuneate, incised or multifid. Pedzcels
1-3, one naked, the others involucellate. Sefa/s 5-10. Receptacle glo-
bose, at length cylindraceous. 4chenes woolly, with lateral, filiform style
(Fig. 67).
(From the Arctic Circle by the E. U. S. and by the Rocky Mts. to Peru,
Chile, Brazil, Argentina); Patagon., on pampas by Coy Inlet. (O. A.
Peterson; by Rio Negro, near Carmen de Patagones. ‘In flower, Nov.
13, 1896, ‘yellowish white.’ Stems about 20 cm. high, and petioles
somewhat woolly.”’)
A. DECAPETALA PATAGONICA O. Ktze.
Scape and petioles hirsute, with long, spreading hairs.
Chubut, and S. Patagon.
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACE&. 4OI
2. ANEMONE MULTIFIDA Poir. (Plate XXII.)
Radical eaves long-petioled, to 12 cm., reniform, 3—5-parted, the seg-
ments cut into narrow, acute lobes. /vuit-head woolly, cream-colored.
Styles subulate. (= ‘A. decafetala fatagonica O. Ktze.,” fide Speg.)
Other parts are as 4. decapetala in which J.
D. Hooker included it. Our Patagonian speci-
mens give 4. multifida much taller (45 cm.),
with longer petioles; and more silky except the
petioles ; root woody.
(Arctic Amer. and Rocky Mts.) Magellan;
Fuegia, Ushuaia; S. Patagon., by Rio Sta.
Griz (iniruity Dec. J.B: Hatcher); Rio Ayley
(Nov. 12, B. Brown); W. Patagon. by Rio
Aysen (Dusén).
Fic. 67.
3. A. (?)MYRIOPHYLLA Speg.
Proteranthous, glabrous; radical /eaves un-
known. Scafe thick, erect, 1-flowered; on its
middle are 2 alternate, approximate, involucrate
leaves, rather large, repeatedly trichotomous,
having innumerable, small, fleshy, oblanceolate
lobules. Seals oblanceolate, mid-sized, glab-
rous. Receptacle obovate, densely papillate,
glabrous. Carfe/s numerous, rather large,
tetragonally winged, glabrous, with a short
obtuse sty/e. (The specimens were all in fruit.) ,
: . : nemone decapetala. Reduced
Patagonia, in rocky mountains near Lago 5 haifscale. (Afton Hockevand
Traful. Arnott. )
4. A. TRITERNATA Vahl.
Leaves triternately divided on a branching petiole, the segments triden-
tate; zzvolucral leaves sessile, cut into setaceous lobes. Sepals 10-12,
oblong, obtuse. Roof and habit of 4. decapetala. Fruit woolly, in an
oblong head.
(Argentina); Patagon. (?).
are Cle NAL Selinn:
Suffruticose clmdbers, with opposite, slender-petioled, pinnate leaves,
occasionally only lobed or entire. Sefa/s 4-5, valvate in the bud, petaloid.
402 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Petals none. Stamens numerous. 4chenes 1-seeded. Styles long, often
plumose.
Species 100, chiefly in temperate climates.
C. VIRGINIANA Linn. (including C. @zozca Linn.).
Flowers paniculate, dioecious. Leaves ternately divided, their segments
subglabrous, ovate, subcordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, entire. Pericarps
oval. Fedicels pubescent.
(Jamaica, medicinal.)
C. VIRGINIANA CAMPESTRIS (S. Hil.)
Cauline leaves flammuliform or bifoliate, or the upper simple: leaflets
narrower-ovate to lanceolate, or narrower, mostly entire.
(S. Brazil to N. Patagon.) Common in shrubberies by Rio Negro,
near Carmen, the form angzustissema in Patagonia.
4. MYOSURUS Linn. Mousetail.
Diminutive, with fibrous root; basal, linear, entire 4aves; and 1I-
flowered scapes. Sepals 5 (-6—7)-spurred at the base. /Pefa/s as many or
none, greenish-yellow, narrow, with a nectary above the claw. Stamens
5-25. Achenes numerous, their receptacle elongate in fruit.
Species 5, Eurasia, western Amer.; Australia.
1. M. aristatus Benth. (JZ. apetala Gay.)
With or without fetals. Lvuit-head at length long. Achenes carinate,
beaked with a diverging, persistent s¢y/e, nearly as long.
(W. United States to Chili and N. Zeal.) S. Patagon., pampas near Coy
Inlet. By mouth of Rio Chubut (Dusén); by Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.).
In N. and E. Fuegia. ‘Is often petaliferous and occurs in N. Amer.”
A. Gray. |
M. ARISTATUS BRACHYPUS (Speg.).
Leaves as long as the scape, or longer, numerous (10-20), broader and
more acute than in JZ. gracilis. Sepals often 5; petals none. Stamens
5, all fertile.
Patagonia, in meadows by Golfo de San Jorge. Leaves 20 mm. long
by 0.5 to 1.5 mm. broad.
MACLOSKIE : RANUNCULACE. 403
2. MyosuRus GRACILIS (Speg., var. of AZ. avistatus) Macl.
Piate x lM
Diminutive and slender, 5-15 mm. high, with slender root, stem pro-
duced into 3-10 long, subsimple branches. Leaves few (4-8), the coty-
ledons persisting, all linear-oblong or spatulate, attenuate downwards,
entire, obtuse, obscurely 1-3-nerved, glabrous, 5-20 mm. long by 0.5 mm.
broad. Scape-like branches 1-3, erect, straight, exceeding the leaves,
slender, glabrous and scarcely thickened above. Flowers small, ochro-
leucous. Sepals 3, green, linear-spatulate, erect, obtuse, I-nerved, gla-
brous, spur two thirds as long. Petals 5, white, spatulate, attenuate
downward, obtuse, 1-nerved, with 2 narrower staminodes. Stamens 3-5,
two of them being sterile and petaloid, filaments as long as the petals.
Spike of achenes oblong, obtuse, less than 4 mm. long and two thirds
mm. thick. Carpels rhombic-ovate on the back, tipped witha short, blunt,
erect style, the pericarp very thin on the back, except a stout, opaque
median line or ridge and a similar margin, the interveining part trans-
parent and in maturity, showing the rather large seed, easily rupturing.
Seed oval, sinuately rugulose.
Patagonia, by Rio Sta. Cruz and San Julian, near shrubberies. By
Hatcher at Coy Inlet (showing the hypocotyl elongated above the roots).
‘Would make a new species,” Spegazzini. Prof. Edward L. Greene, to
whom we are indebted for the description of the fruit-head, states that
“it is not at all nearly related to AZ artstatus,; it is a particularly well
marked new species.”’
3. M. PATAGONICUS Speg.
Robust, cespitose. Leaves linear, peduncles thickened upwards.
Sepals 5, with spur half their length. Petals none. Stamens to.
Carpels ventrally with capitate hairs. Fruiting spike elongated. Stylar
mucro rather short.
Patagon.; in marshes by Golfo de San Jorge, and at La Plata Bo-
tanic Garden in soil from Rio Sta. Cruz.
Ro OGY Calne Lae Binge
Differing from A/yosurus by having seeds erect, fefa/’s with a small
basal nectary but spurless; from Ranunculus by having the achenes with-
out a hard pericarp. Sepals mostly 5; and fefals 5-12.
404 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 9, Central Asia and N. Amer., and the following.
OXYGRAPHIS CYMBALARIA (Pursh, sub Ranunculus) Prantl.
Glabrous, scapose, spreading by long rooting vuuners. Leaves long-
petioled, clustered at the nodes, round-cordate to reniform, crenate, fleshy.
Scapes 1-7-flowered. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. ii, 86.)
(N. Amer.); Patagon., wet places near Rio Gallegos, Rio Chico, and
Carmen de Patagones.
6. RANUNCULUS Linn. Crowfoot, Buttercup.
Herbs, with simple or variously divided, alternate leaves, and yellow or
rarely white, regular flowers. Sepals mostly 5. Petals 5 or more with a
pit or nectary at the base. Stamens numerous. Carpels numerous, not
united, 1-ovuled. Achenes in a head or spike, each tipped by its style.
Species 200, in temperate and cold regions; also in Himalaya, and by
Abyssinia to Madagascar and Mauritius; in Peru and Chili; thence to
Patagon., and the Falklands.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Corolla white. Leaves floating or dissected. Petals 5-8.
6. Upper leaves semiorbicular, lobed or wanting. Lower leaves filiformly dissected:
Aquatics. aquatilis.
62. Leaves all semiorbicular, lobed. biternatus.
63. Leaves all submerged, capillary multifid. fiuitans.
A2. Corolla white, but with yellow claws. Leaves reniform. Creeping scions. /ederaceus,
A3. Corolla white to flesh-colored. Leaves 5-lobed, basally auricled. Cauline leaves narrow.
Achenes smooth. apifolius.
A4. Corolla yellow.
6. Nectary abortive or foveolate. Leaves glabrous.
c. Creeping. Flowers opposite to the tripartite leaves.
d. Lateral leaf-segments orbicular, dentate ; mid-segment bifid. itoralts.
d2. Leaf-segments cuneate, 2—3-lobed; the lobes narrow, dentate. montteanus.
c2. Creeping or ascending. Flowers axillary. Leaves entire or 3-parted.
d. Sepals 3; petals 3. Leaves obovate-cuneate, apically 3-toothed. ¢vullifolius.
d2. Sepals 3; petals 5. Leaves linear, or broader, equally 3-lobed. cespitosus.
a3. Sepals deciduous ; petals 5. Radical leaves orbicular, trisect and again trifid.
alboffit.
a4. Sepals reflexed; petals 4-6. Fleshy plant. crassipes.
ds. Sepals and petals 5.
e. Achenes numerous. Plant small. minutus.
e2. Ripe achenes 15-18, turgid. Leaves cuneate, apically tridentate.
monanthos.
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACE. 405
62. Nectary with a scale.
c. Leaves entire or dentate, smooth.
d. Flowers opposite the leaves.
é. Leaves orbicular, basi-cordate. flagelliformis.
e2. Leaves ovate, or lance-ovate (in Argentina). donariensts.
€3. Leaves small, ovate, tridentate. obtusatus.
d2. Flowers axillary. Petals 7 or more.
e. Sepals 3. uniflorus.
e2. Sepals 5. Leaves fasciculate at the nodes, thick, ovate-elliptical.
bovet.
c2. Leaves ternately parted, the divisions mostly stalked and pinnatifid. Sepals reflexed.
Bulb. bulbosus,
c3. Leaves reniform to round-cordate, the upper 3-parted. Fruit-head rough with curved
beaks. muricatus.
c4. Leaves all radical, subpeltate or obovate. Achenes 3-5, only 1 maturing, hooked.
oligocarpus.
c5. Leaves palmately divided, hairy. Ovaries smooth.
da. Ovaries with 3 dorsal nerves.
e. Sepals 3; petals 8-10. chilensis.
e2. Sepals 3; petals 3 or none. minutifiorus.
@3; epals. 5;
f. Petals 5, slightly exceeding the sepals. valdivianus.
f2. Petals 10-15, twice as long as the sepals. Radical leaves trifid, and again
trilobate. Pedicels elongated. peduncularis.
d@2. Ovaries with only 1 dorsal nerve. savatiert,
As. Aquatics.
6. Leaves floating and submerged, not dissected. Peduncles long, emerging. fuegzanus.
62. Leaves floating, entire, in fascicles of 2 or 3. Flowers axillary, yellow, small.
hydrophilus.
63. Stout with rooting flagella, having long-stalked, subpeltate leaves and solitary flowers.
potamogetonotdes.
A6. Nearly stemless.
6. Leaves erect, long-petioled, reniform-rotundate, 3-lobed and toothed. Sepals villous.
maclovianus.
62. Radical leaves stellately spreading, round-reniform, cleft, covered with yellow silk.
sericocephalus.
A7. Radical leaves long-petiolate, 3-cleft, and the segments 3—5-lobed ; the lobes gland-tipped.
glanduliferus.
A8. Erect. Radical leaves 3-lobed; the segments 3-cleft, etc. Stem simple, 1-flowered and
naked, or 2-flowered with bracts. patagonicus.
1. RANUNCULUS ALBOFFII Macl. (Alboff szze nomzne).
Rhizome fibrilliferous. Stem erect, 30 cm. high, its apex blackish, fork-
ing, 2-flowered. Leaves pubescent; the radical leaves long-petioled,
406 _ PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
orbicular, trisect, their segments obovate-cuneate, trifid, the terminal sub-
segment trisect, between a bisect pair; cauline leaf solitary in the fork,
3-partite. Seals deciduous, reflex, yellowish. Pefa/s 5, golden, obovate,
unguiculate. 4chenes in a globular head, glabrous, with short hooked
styles.
Fuegia, above Ushuaia at 300-400 m. elevation. (Alboff.)
2. RANUNCULUS APIIFOLIUS Pers.
Stems erect, glabrous, fistulous, green, branching. Leaves radical and
cauline, petiolate, glabrous, shining; lower leaves 5-lobed, the lobes
sinuate-serrate; the petioles basally auricled-sheathing; upper leaves
sublinear. Peduncles axillary, involucrate by 2 opposite, sessile, linear-
lanceolate bracts, 3 in each involucre, the mid one larger and 1-flowered ;
the side ones 2-bracted. Flowers white to flesh-colored. Stamens
numerous, filaments white, anthers yellow. Achenes obovate, smooth,
easily deciduous.
Patagon., ‘in swamps through the whole republic.”’
3. R. aguatitis Linn. Common Water-Crowfoot.
Leaves of two kinds, some floating and flat, 3-lobed or 3-parted (some-
times wanting), others immersed and multifid with capillary divisions.
Petals white, nectary without a scale. Achenes transversely rugose.
(Temperate Eurasia, Australia); Patagon., Chubut, in subandine pools.
R. AQUATILIS Cé4:SPITOSUS DC.
Leaves petiolate, all emersed, their outline suborbiculate, cut into
divergent segments. /edzce/ scarcely exceeding the petioles. Achenes
obovate, rugose.
S. Patagon., in wet places near Rio Sta. Cruz, and at Orr-aike, near
Lago Viedma.
R. AQUATILIS CAPILLACEUS DC.
Leaves petiolate, all immersed, divided into filiform segments.
Chubut, in slowly flowing waters near Carren-leoft.
4. R. BITERNATUS Smith.
Small herb, with many slender s/ems from a fibrous root, creeping and
glabrous. Leaves biternately dissected, the lobes oblong, acute, entire or
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACE. 407
toothed. //owers solitary, the petals white, oblong, sometimes long-
clawed, equalling the sepals. Head of achenes smooth, globular, rather
large, at length ruddy.
FE. and W. Magellan, Fuegia, Navarino I., Falklands.
R. biternatus exiguus is a small state, common in the Falklands.
5. RANUNCULUS BOVEI Speg.
(Of sec. Ranunculastrum, having achene with 1 dorsal nerve, floral axis
long, nectary with free scale, root fleshy. )
Glabrous. Svzems stoloniferous, thickish. Leaves at the nodes 3-5-
fasciculate, their petiole very long, erect, their limb thick, ovate or ellip-
tical, base rounded, apex rounded or obtusely pointed. /AV/ower solitary
on an erect scape, as long as the petioles. Sefals 5, ovate. Petals many,
narrow, obovate, as long as the sepals. 4chenes obovate, obscurely
tetragonal. SZy/e short, lateral. Handsome.
Punta Arenas. S. Patagon., Gallegos Valley (Nordenskj.); N. and E.
Fuegia (Dusén).
6. R. BuLBosus Linn. Bulbous Crowfoot.
Perennial, with bulbous voo/, upright, many-flowered sem, leaves divided
into 3 stalked leaflets, which are again 3-parted and lobed. /Peduncles
furrowed, sefa/s reflexed, and glabrous achenes in
a globose head.
(Eur. and U. S.); common in grassy places by
Rio Negro. N. Patagon.
Fic. 68.
7. R. c4sspirosus Dusén.
Cespitose, glabrous, creeping. .S/em thick, root-
ing at the nodes, fasciculately leafy, 1-flowered. i
Leaves long petioled, or linear, entire, or cunei- VIR. ET
form-dilated towards the apex, 3-lobed. flowers — Natural size; also enlarged
small, yellow, sessile or nearly so. Sepals 3, ae sont « Aarts
broad, fugacious. efa/s twice as long, 5, with
saccate nectary. Stamens rather few. Achenes 20-30, in a globose head.
Style nearly as long as the achene (Fig. 68).
S. Fuegia, in swamps near Rio Azopardo.
408 . PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
8. RANUNCULUS CHILENSIS DC.
Procumbent s/ems and petioles hispid. Leaves subvillous, cordate-
orbicular, 3—5-cleft, the lobes coarsely toothed; the upper leaves smaller.
Flowers small, 6-8 mm. diam., sometimes larger. Calyx very villous.
Achenes orbicular-compressed, smooth-margined.
Cape Tres Montes, and Chonos Archip.; Rio Sta. Cruz (C. Darwin) ;
Ushuaia (Hahn); Magellan (Hatcher).
g. R. crassipEs Hook. f.
Glabrous, fleshy, with creeping stem. Leaves long-petiolate, cordate-
reniform, trifid or tripartite, with the segments 3-5-crenate. Peduncles
shorter than the petioles. Sefa/s at length reflexed. Petals 4-6, obovate-
spatulate, yellow. Achenes turgid; styles straight.
Allied to R. dzternatus. In Kerguelen I., in moist places. A specimen
in the Gray Herbarium, collected by R. O. Cunningham at Punta Arenas,
Magellan, is intermediate between the two species.
10. R. FLAGELLIFORMIS Smith.
Flowers yellow; /eaves undivided, long-petiolate, orbiculate-cordate,
entire, glabrous. Sem repent; pedicels oppositifoliose. Carfe/s small,
ovate, muticous, smooth or subpunctulate.
(Chili and New Granada); N. Patagon., abundant in flooded places
near Carmen de Patagones.
10. R. FLUITANS Lam. River-Crowfoot.
(Batrachium.) Flowers small, white, without a scale at the base of the
petals. Leaves all submersed, capillaceo-multifid, their segments long
and parallel. /efa/s ovate, exceeding the sepals. -4chenes transversely
wrinkled.
(Bure
R. FLUITANS MINOR Gelert.
FE. Fuegia (Br. Ansorge).
11. R. FUEGIANUS Speg.
Glabrous. Svems diffuse, floating, leaves uniform, the submersed not
dissected. The lower /eaves discoid or ovate in contour, basicordate,
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACEAE. 409
deeply 3-5-cleft, their lobes obtusely 3—5-lobed and incised; upper trifid
lobes spatulate, entire or toothed. efzole thick, long. Peduncles long,
emerging from the water, 1-3-flowered. flowers small. Sepals broad,
ovate, glabrous.
S. Patagon., Magellan; E. & S. Fuegia. (Robust form, with rather long
petals, by Rio Chico, etc.)
(R. fueginus Phil. Small, silky, with 3-partite leaves, the lateral lobules
bifid and toothed; the mid-lobule 3-toothed. Fruit globular. Fuegia.
“Classification doubtful.’ C. Reiche.)
12. RANUNCULUS GLANDULIFERUS Poeppig.
Little branching, and sparingly hirtellous. Radzcal leaves long-petio-
late, rounded, subcordate, or truncate or cuneate at the base; 3-cleft
beyond the middle, the segments with 3-5 linear lobes, gland-tipped.
Cauline leaves few, with narrow segments.
Peduncle \ong, with red appressed hairs, EG. 00.
especially above. Sefals 5, subpetaloid-
yellowish, pilose externally, ovate. Peda/s
twice as long, narrower, nervose. .dchenes
ovate, glabrous; s¢y/e nearly as long.
(S. Chili.) Patagon., in grassy plains
near Pozo-huapi. (Speg.)
13. R. HEDERACEUS Linn.
Glabrous, with long creeping sczovs,
rooting at the nodes in moist places.
Leaves reniform, 3—5-lobed, on petioles
1-10 cm. long. VPedicels solitary, 1-flow-
ered; the Aefals white, with yellow claws.
Stamens 5-10. Style short, thick.
Magellan, Port Gregory. (Safford.)
Ranunculus hydrophilus (h); and en-
14. R. HYDROPHILUS Gaud. larged leaf, petal, flower, and section of
fruit of FR. trullifolius (¢t). (After Flora
Glabrous. Stem slender, creeping. antarctica.)
Leaves long-petioled, swimming, elliptic-
ovate, entire, 3—-5-nerved; in fascicles of 2-3, sheathing at the base.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles. flowers small;
410 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
the fetals yellow, spatulate. 4chenes few; styles very short. (Fig. 69,
central figure, /.)
(Leaves like floating leaves of Potamogeton heterophyllus.)
S. Fuegia (Dusén); Punta Arenas (R. O. Cunningham); Falklands in
fresh water.
15. RANUNCULUS MACLOVIANUS d’Urv.
Nearly s/en/ess, appressed-pilose, the radical /eaves long-petiolate,
erect, reniform-rotundate, trifid or trilobate, the segments coarsely and
acutely toothed; Aeduncles shorter than the leaves, rising from young
branchlets. Sefadls villous. /efa/s spatulate, longer than the sepals,
yellow. Achenzal head globose, rather glabrous; s¢y/es short, hooked.
Falklands, abundant in moist places.
16. R. MONTTEANUS Phil.
Glabrous. Szem creeping. Leaves long-petioled, 3-partite, the seg-
ments trifid; the subsegments incised mostly into linear pieces. Pedun-
cles solitary, axillary, equalling the petioles. Sefals 5, ovate-oblong.
Petals equalling them, oblong, yellow. -A4chenes inflated, in a globose
head, smooth; s¢y/es as long as their achenes, incurved.
Chonos Archip.
17. R. MuRICATUS LINN. Spiny-fruited Crowfoot.
Subglabrous, branched, 30-60 cm. high. Lower leaves reniform to
round-cordate, on broad petioles, lobed, or crenate; wffer 3-parted,
cuneate, subsessile. /Vowers yellow; fefals exceeding sepals. /ruat-
head globular, achenes compressed, with curved deak.
(Old World; naturalized in Amer.); N. Patagon., in fields near
Carmen.
18. R. OLIGOCARPUS Speg.
(Ffecatonta.) Glabrous; voot densely hairy. Leaves all radical and
subpeltate; petioles very long, limbs suborbicular or obovate, obtuse,
entire or 3-crenate, rather fleshy. Scapes erect, half as long as the peti-
oles, sheathed and 1-leaved at apex, with 1-2, 1-flowered pedicels.
flowers small, yellow, sepals ovate, fefals linear; stamens numerous ;
carpels 3-5, only 1 maturing, with hooked s¢yz.
Chubut, wet places along Rio Carren-leofi. Like &. tvullifolius, but
MACLOSKIE: RANUNCULACEA. 4.1
distinguished by the subpeltate leaves (as R. potamogetonoides Speg. and
R. bonariensis Poir.)
19. RANUNCULUS PATAGONICUS Smith.
Appressed-pilose. Svem erect, simple, 1-flowered, naked; or 2-flow-
ered and then involucrate. Leaves radical, 3-lobed, their segments cune-
ate, 3-cleft, incised. Involucre 1-leaved, 3-cleft. Petals 10-12, exceeding
the spreading sepals. 4chenes glabrous. Style hooked.
Chili. Patagonia (?).
20. R. PEDUNCULARIS Smith.
Leaves subglabrous, radical, long-petiolate, 3-partite; their segments
3-lobate, apically acute and incised, the subsegments narrow. Cazuline
leaves 1-2, linear or trifid. Svzem erect, bearing 1 leaf and 1-2 flowers.
Sepals ultimately reflexed. /efa/s 8-10, oblong, clear yellow. Achenes
globose, smooth; s¢y/es hooked.
(Chili, on the Pacific slope); Cabo Negro, Magellan, by Hatcher at
Punta Arenas, E. and S. Fuegia (Dusén), ‘‘stems with sparse appressed
pilescence’”’; Chubut, near Rio de Mayo.
R. PEDUNCULARIS ALBOFFIANUS Speg.
Tall specimens with drvacted 2~-3-flowered scafes, mostly appressed-
setulose.
S. Patagon. in grassy places at Orr-aike, near Lago Viedma.
R. PEDUNCULARIS MINOR Weddell. Appressed-pilose, 5 cm. high. /e-
duncle basal, 1-flowered. Punta Arenas. (Hahn.)
R. PEDUNCULARIS PATAGONICUS Poepp. (2. Jatagonicus Poepp. non Smith.)
Stem erect, appressed-pilose, simple, naked, 1-flowered, or involucrate
and 2-flowered. Leaves radical, 3-lobed; their segments cuneate, trifid,
incised. Juvolucre 1-leaved, trifid. Petals 10-12, exceeding the spread-
ing sepals. Carfels glabrous. S#y/es uncinate.
_ (Chili); Magellan. (Dusén.)
R. PEDUNCULARIS POLYPETALUS.
Lower, I-flowered. Leaves nearly pinnate; scape 1-leaved.
412 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
21. RANUNCULUS POTAMOGETONOIDES Speg.
Stout, glabrous, flagelliferous, the flagella rooting, their apex fascicu-
late-leafy; the /eaves long-petiolate, entire, subpeltate, orbicular-ovate,
obtuse, the base rounded-subcordate, narrowly peltate-marginate. /7owers
solitary, peduncles shorter than the leaves. 4chenes in a globose head,
numerous, elliptico-obovate, longitudinally striate.
Rio Sta. Cruz, in flowing water at Orr-aike.
22, RS SAVATIERT -ranch.
Stiffly pilose. Stems 60-90 cm. long, prostrate, bearing at the nodes a
fascicle of leaves or branchlets. Leaves long-petioled, reniform-cordate,
trisect, the segments obovate-cuneiform, 3-5-lobed. Peduncles 25 mm.
long, slender, from the nodes. Flowers scarcely 4 mm. diameter: sepals
broad-ovate; fefal/s as long, narrow. Achenes 1.5 mm., dorsally subacute,
ovate-rounded; s¢y/e infra-apical, slightly incurved.
Patagon., at Punta Arenas.
23. R. SERICOCEPHALUS Hook. f.
Depressed, stemless; densely covered by yellow, silky Zazrs. Leaves
radical, stellately spreading, round-reniform, irregularly 3~-7-cleft, their
lobes coarsely crenate-toothed. Peduncles very short; flowers small, in-
conspicuous. /fefa/s narrow, spatulate, yellow. Achenes silky; style
hooked.
Falklands, Fuegia, at Ushuaia; here caulescent and larger.
24. RK. TRULLIFOLIUS Hook. f.
Glabrous. Szem short, sarmentose. Leaves radical, obovate-cuneate,
entire, apically 3-5-toothed; Aefo/es long, thick, attenuate upwards. /e-
duncles shorter than the petiole. /A/owers inconspicuous. Sepals broad-
ovate-rounded. /efa/s shorter. Achenes large (44, Fig. 69, p. 409).
(Kerguelen); Falklands, in freshwater; Magellan, E. and S. Fuegia;
not rare by streams near Punta Arenas.
7. HAMADRYAS Comm.
Diecious, the scape bearing one male, or two female flowers, with rudi-
ments of suppressed organs. Low herbs from perennial caudex, with
MACLOSKIE : RANUNCULACEA. 413
silky eaves. Sepals 5-6. Petals 10-12, with basal scale, showy. Achenes
numerous, in heads, with short, hooked s¢yées.
Species 6, all Neantarctic.
KEY TO THE SPECIES,
A. Leaf solitary, tripinnate, and flower solitary. delphinium.
Az, Leaves rounded.
b. Leaves 5-7-cleft, webby. kingit.
62. Leaves tripartite, or also further divided. magellanica,
A3. Leaves subovate or narrower.
6. Leaves deeply trifid, and again cleft, silvery. argented,
62. Leaves oblong or subtrifid, webby. tomentosa.
A4. Leaves imbricate, appressed, from a broad base, forming a column around the scape and
solitary flower. Scions. Sempervivoides.
1. HAMADRYAS ARGENTEA Hook. f.
Leaves silvery-woolly, obovate-cuneate, attenuate at the base, deeply
trifid, the lobes also 3—5-cleft. Zale plant smaller than the female.
Falklands; Magellan.
2. H. DELPHINIUM.
Having one “af and one flower; /eaf oblong-tripinnate, tomentose, 10
cm. high. Sepals 5, villous. /efa/s 12, narrower.
Magellan.
3. H. xinci Hook. f.
Leaves rounded, 5—7-cleft, or many-lobed, the lobes crenate; cobwebby
on both sides.
S. Patagon.; Magellan.
4. H. MAGELLANICA Lam.
Leaves silky, at length glabrous, rounded, tripartite; the segments
cuneate, incise-partite or subentire. //owers spicate. Calyx-segments
concave, glabrous or villous-tipped. /e/a/s linear, mucronate. Szy/e of
young achenes hooked, at length straight.
Magellan, Fuegia; Staaten. S. Patagon., near Rio Gallegos at goo m.
elevation (Nordenskj.). Cordilleras above Rio Chico (Hatcher).
A variety has the leaves silvery-woolly.
414 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
5. HAMADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES Sprague. (Plate XVI.)
Differs from the other species by rosulate habit and glabrous sepals
and petals.
Rootlets fibrous, thick, adventitious. .Sfem simple or bifid, 25-37 mm.
long, clothed below by the leaf-bases. Leaves sessile, rosulate, sheath-
ing the stem ; limb twice trisect, 4-5 mm. long, the mid-segment external,
the laciniz oblong, cuspidate, glabrous; sheath 10-12 mm. long, 7-8
mm. broad, scariose, spongiose upwards,
woolly externally. Scape concealed by
leaves, 16 mm. long, 1-flowered. Mal
flowers unknown. female flowers;
sepals 5-6, deltoid-subulate, 3 mm. long,
I—1.5 mm. broad, scariose ; Zefals about 7,
linear-subulate, 8 mm. long, with a nec-
tariferous callus above the base. Ovaries
ovate, attenuate above to an uncinate
style. Achenes posteriorly produced at
the base.
S. Patagon., on lava rocks in Cordil-
leras, J. B. Hatcher, Feb. 1897.
‘‘A most distinct species showing typ-
. ical adaptation to high mountain condi-
HHamadryas tomentosa. Staminate flower . ; ;
and one of its petals both magnified. tions 7} sie. Sprague, In Hooker's
(After Flora antarctica. ) Icones Plantarum, vol. viii, part 11, May,
1902. (Plate 2748.)'
Fic. 70.
‘(This interesting specimen was sent by us to Kew Herbarium, where it was recognized as a
new species, and described and published in the /cones Plantarum.)
Diagnosis (issued in advance in Hooker’s Jcones Plantarum, plate 2748, May, 1902.)
HAMADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES Sprague (sp. nov.); a certeris speciebus differt habitu rosulato,
sepalis petalisque glabris.
Radicelli fibrosi, crassi, adventitii. Cau/is simplex vel bifidus, 1-1.5 poll. longus, subtus folio-
rum basibus vestitus. ola sessilia, rosulata, caulem vaginantia; lamina bis trisecta, 2—2.5 lin.
longa, segmento medio exteriore, laciniis oblongis, cuspidatis, glabris; vagina 5-6 lin. longa,
3.5-4 lin. lata, scariosa, superne spongiosa, extus lanata. Scapus foliis occultus, 8 lin. longus,
1-florus. ores masculos non vidi. Flores feminet: sepala 5-6 deltoideo-subulata, 1.5 lin.
longa, 5-.75 lin. lata, scariosa ; petala circa 7, lineari-subulata, 4 lin. longa, supra basin collo
nectarifero instructa. Ovaria ovata, superne in stylum uncinatum attenuata. Achzenia basi
postice producta.
MACLOSKIE: BERBERIDACEA. 415
6. HAMADRYAS TOMENTOSA DC. (7. magellanica tomentosa.)
Erect. Leaves oblong or subtrifid, webby-villous on upper surface.
Stems covered by fibrous threads from old leaves. Calyx tomentose.
Capsules oval, ending in a persistent style, striate. (Fig. 70, p. 414.)
Fuegia, Mts. above Ushuaia; Staaten I; rare.
Family 40. Brrpertpace#. Barberry Family.
Shrubs or herbs with alternate or basal /eaves, and regular flowers.
Sepals and petals two- to several-seriate. S/amens as many as, and oppo-
site to the petals, hypogynous; azthers mostly opening by valves. Pastel
of 1 carpel; frwzta berry or capsule.
Species more than 100, most of them in the N. Temperate zone, the
Andes, and in temperate S. Amer.
BERBERIS Linn. Barberry.
Shrubs with simple or pinnate /eaves, often spiny-toothed, or changed
into spines. Sepals 6-9, petaloid; fefa/s and stamens usually 6 each, the
anthers opening by upwardly opening valves. Ovary 1-celled. rut a
DeIry. opecieés 100.
Key To THE SPECIES (including some Chilian forms).
A, Flowers in corymbs or racemes.
6. Stamens appendaged below the anthers. Spines palmately divided.
c. Lower leaves spiny-toothed. congestifiora.
c2. Leaves all entire. Racemes. rotundifolia. ¢ (Chilian).
c3. Leaves entire. Umbels. umbellata.
62. Stamens not appendaged.
c. Branches (some or all) spineless.
d. Leaves, some membranous, entire, others coriaceous, spiny-toothed.
polymorpha (Chilian).
a2. Leaves coriaceous.
e. Leaves lanceolate, dentate. pearcet,
e2. Leaves obovate, basally attenuate. serrato-dentata,
c2. Branches with spines. a
Syria : (Chilian).
d. Leaves, some entire, others spiny-toothed. polymorpha.
a2. Leaves with bidentate margins. bidentata.
a3. Leaves spiny-toothed.
e. Spines short, 5 mm.
ff. Rachis of raceme shorter than the leaves. tlicifolta.
f2. Rachis longer than the leaves. darwinit.
416 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
e2. Spines more or less elongated. Leaves slightly toothed.
valdiviana (Chilian).
63. Flowers large, 5-merous. Spines 3-partite. Leaves oblong, coriaceous.
ruscifolia,
A,.2. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, or aggregate.
6, Stamens without appendages below the anther.
c. Leaves oval, or obovate. (duxifolia) microphylla,
c2. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. grisebachit,
62. Stamens appendaged below the anther.
c. Leaves entire, linear; flowers 1(—2). empetrifolta.
c2. Leaves, some angular spiny-toothed, others entire. Flowers solitary.
heterophylla.
c3. Leaves cuneate, tridentate. Flowers solitary. cuneata.
63. Spineless. Leaves entire, elliptical. Berries ovate. imer mis.
64. Leaves entire or spiny-toothed, obovate. Berries small. Branching virgate.
virgata,
A3. Flowers? Heterophyllous, with 3—5-partite spines. Upper leaves sessile. Branches slender.
darwinit.
1. BERBERIS CUNEATA DC. Califate.
Low shrub. S£zvzes 3-parted, scarcely longer than the leaves. Leaves
obovate-cuneate, spinosely trifid, smooth. /eazce/s solitary, 1-flowered,
nearly as long as the leaves. Flowers as large as in B. vulgaris. Berries
intensely purple, as large as peas, not sweet.
S. Patagon., Porto Deseado; near Coy Inlet. (Hatcher. It is called
‘“califate,” grows everywhere, and its wood is invaluable for fuel.)
2. B. pARwinit Hook (including B. morenonzs O. Ktze.).
Young branches rusty-pubescent. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, shining,
rusty below, cuneate or oval, trifid at apex; their margin spinose-toothed.
Racemes exceeding the leaves, sometimes long, slender. Serries subglo-
bose, not pleasant.
(Chili) ; Patagon., in mountain shrubberies near Carren-leoft.
3. B. EMPETRIFOLIA Lam.
Small shrub, with reddish brown pubescent dark. SpAznes 3-parted.
Leaves evergreen, linear, entire, revolute, clustered. Pedzce/s 1-2, from
branchlets between the leaves, each 1-flowered. S#gma_ subsessile.
Berry globose, bluish-black, slightly sour.
Chili, in woods on cordilleras, descending to sea-level at Magellan.
A steppe-plant. In N., E. and S. Fuegia. (Dusén.)
MACLOSKIE: BERBERIDACE&. Al7]
4. BERBERIS GRISEBACHII Lechl. (B. “nearifolia Phil.).
Spimes rather short, 3-branched, branches divaricate, equal. Leaves
linear, margins revolute, apex mucronate; 36 mm. by 5 mm. Peduncles
1-flowered, as long as the leaf. /Avwzt ovate, blue, terminated by a long styée.
(Chili) ; Patagon.: Magellan.
5. B. HETEROPHYLLA Juss.
Bush, 150 cm. high, with wrinkled darf, dark on old, brown on young
parts. Sfznes 3-parted. Leaves fascicled, sessile, glabrous, oblanceolate,
entire, some with 3 pungent teeth. Fedzce/s solitary, 1-flowered, scarcely
exceeding the leaves. /efa/s with basal glands, deep yellow-orange.
Filaments toothed. Serrzes black, with sessile stigma, edible.
Magellan northwards to Rio Negro; not in S. Fuegia. By Hatcher at
Coy Inlet. The S. Amer. ostrich (Rea darwinit Gould) is fond of its
berries. Native name of the shrub, Gayankhia; of the berries Khalgo;
the shrub is also called Califate).
6. B. ILictFoLiA Forst.
Erect evergreen shrub, to 1 m. high, with light-colored bark. SAzwes
tripartite. Leaves shining, obovate, coarsely spinose-toothed in the upper
part. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 4—6-flowered; pedicels long,
subcorymbose. //owers rather large, flame-colored, crowded near the top
of young shoots. Serrvzes ovoid, blue, not edible. .
S. W. Patagon.; E. and W. Magellan and through Fuegia to Cape
Horn. By Hatcher at Lapataia. Handsome with the moss, V/ofa ful-
vella Mitt, on its stem. Its leaves resemble holly-leaves. Fuegian
name ‘Tchelia.”’
7. 3B. INERMIS Pers.
Spineless. Leaves elliptical, entire, smooth, scarcely mucronulate.
Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, exceeding the leaves. Berries ovate, crowned
by the stigma.
Magellan.
8. B. MICROPHYLLA Forst., 1787. (B. duxzfolia Lam. 1791; B. dulcts
Sweet, 1831.)
Erect evergreen shrub, with stout, 3-partite sfAzwes, longer than the
leaves. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate, large in the young plant,
418 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
petiolate, pungent, here and there spiny-toothed; in older plants smaller,
12 mm. long, usually entire, acute, at length coriaceous. /edzcels 1-3-
flowered. erry flat-globose, 4-seeded, blue-black, edible.
It forms dense bushes, with leafage of boxwood. The young leaves
often have the cluster-cups of the fungus, ’czadium magellanicum.
E. and W. Magellan; Fuegia, nearly everywhere; but rare in the rainy-
wood-region. (Dusén.) By Hatcher in the Cordilleras of S. Patagon. ;
scarcely any of these have the leaves spiny-toothed, except the apical
spine. ‘‘The berries were used for tarts by the officers of the Beagle,
and were found to be excellent, called Wagel/an-grapes.” (J. D. Hooker.)
Near Lago Nahuel-huapi (leaves larger and thickish).
9g. BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA GRACILIS Alboff.
Branches long, slender, pendulous. Leaves membranaceous (not cori-
aceous), ovate-lanceolate, obtuse. //owers mostly in 3's; peduncle 1 cm.,
short.
Fuegia, at Ushuaia.
(B. morenonts O. Ktze. is only a young condition of B. darwinit Hook.,
fide Speg.)
10. B. PEARCE! Phil.
Leaves short; petiolate, oblong, coriaceous, spinosely serrate, mucronate,
the under surface glaucescent to rufescent, glabrous, reticulate-veiny.
Racemes 6-—10-flowered, scarcely equalling the leaf. Pedce/s 10-15,
slender, smooth. S¢y/e short, stigma peltate. Fvwzt 6-7 mm. by 5 mm.
blackish with a glaucescent bloom; fedice/ 10-15 mm. slender, smooth.
(Differs from &B. z/cefolia by the numerous teeth of the leaves.)
Patagon., Chubut, in subandine woods; Valdivian Andes.
11. B. RUSCIFOLIA Lam.
Shrub 1-2 m. high. Sfzzes 3-parted. Leaves simple, coriaceous, shining,
oblong, tapering at the base, mucronate, entire, or coarsely and spiny few-
toothed, 4cm. long. Peduncles short, bearing 4-7 flowers in a terminal
vaceme. Llowers large, 15 mm. broad, with 5 sepals and 5 Zetals.
(Buenos Aires); Punta Arenas, Hatcher.
12. B. VIRGATA Ruiz & Pav. (Plate XV.)
Erect, much branched shrub. Sfeves small or none. Leaves
obovate, entire, or spinously toothed towards the apex, smooth.
MACLOSKIE: MAGNOLIACEA. 419
Peduncle solitary, 1-flowered, as long as the leaves. Berries small,
oblong-ovoid.
(Peru in woods); by Hatcher in the Cordilleras of S. Patagon., in flower
Feb. 17, 1897. ‘Bush, 60-90 cm., white.” In Hatcher's specimens
I cannot find the anther valves developed; they are only indicated by a
specialization of cells at the place of origin. (Macl.)
Family 41. Macnoiiacea.
Trees or shrubs with alternate eaves and large flowers; the seda/s and
petals in cycles. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Carfe/s many, not
united, becoming dry or fleshy mericarps. Embryo minute, in non-
ruminate endosperm.
Species 70, chiefly in Himalaya, E. Asia, and E. part of N. Amer.
The subfamily //icéee which contains Drimys, has the flowers often
polygamous, not 3-merous, the carpels I-seriate or solitary, and the
leaves exstipulate, finely dotted.
DRIMYS Forst. Winter’s-bark.
Carpels crowded, baccate, many-seeded. Stamzna/ filaments thickened
upwards, bearing distinct anther-cells.
A small genus, with species in Australia, Fic. 71,
New Zealand, New Guinea, Borneo, Mex- ) NYS @
ico, Venezuela, and Chili, to Fuegia. SSAA Ws i)
. WAY Si =
D. WINTER! Forst. nd
Tree, with evergreen leaves ; eaves 7-10
cm. long, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse,
glaucous beneath. Peduncles subsimple,
aggregate, or very.short, ending in long
pedicels (Fig. 71.)
E. and W. Magellan, in woods near
Punta Arenas and westwards. Fuegia,
about Lapataia (not at Ushuaia) ; abound-
ing in the rainwoods; in Navarino, and Drimys winteri, — Winter’s-bark.
Flowering branch, reduced ; also fruit.
Staaten I. Native name, ‘ Ouchkouta,” (After brand.)
for the wood; ‘“‘ Liouch,” for the leaves. Its
420 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
English name is after Capt. Winter, who accompanied Sir Francis Drake
in his circumnavigation of the globe, 1577-80. Its bark was used as
medicine against scurvy, and also as a condiment. A noble tree, with
smooth, gray bark, leaves like laurel-leaves, and masses of rather large,
white flowers in cymes terminating the branches.
DRIMYS WINTERI CHILENSIS (DC.).
Leaves oblong-obovate, glaucous underneath.
(Chili); S. Patagon., near Ultima Esperanza.
D. WINTERI MAGELLANICA Eichl.
Leaves shorter and broader, half as broad as long.
Magellan.
D. WINTERI MORENONIS O. Ktze.
Leaves very many, oblanceolate. Peduucles mostly 1-flowered.
Patagonia.
Family 42. Monimtacea.
Trees or ‘shrubs with exstpulate, mostly opposite pinnately nerved
leaves; and mostly unisexual afefalous flowers, with several-seriate
sepals, the inner being partly petaloid. Szamens numerous, on a disk
adnate to the perianth-tube. Carfe/s usually several, in the perianth-cup,
or imbedded in a fleshy receptacle, each 1-celled, 1-ovuled. fruchng
carpels generally drupaceous. méryo small, in the axis of endosperm.
Species 150, chiefly of the southern tropical and temperate lands ; most
of the genera in. the Orient and Australia ; some in Africa, some in Brazil.
PAUREDIAS) Use:
Trees or shrubs with dicecious or moncecious fowers. Stamens 6-12,
filaments short with an oblong gland on each side, azther-cells distinct,
opening by uplifted valves. Female fowers with staminodes ; carpels long-
pilose, ending in plumose s¢y/es. Ovzde erect. |
Species 2, one in New Zealand and the following:
L. SEMPERVIRENS (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (ZL. avomatica Poir.)
Scented tree. Leaves obovate- to ovate-lanceolate, serrate, petiolate, 5-9
cm. long. aceme silky-pubescent. TJefals of female flower distinct,
remote, the outer shorter.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERAE. 421
(Chili; also cultivated and its leaves used for infusing and as a potherb,
and nuts edible); W. Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-haupi. Fig. in Eng. &
Prantl, 111, 2, p. 102, A—D.
Family 43. Papraverace®. Subfamily Pumariodec.
Fumitory.
Delicate, smooth herbs, with finely dissected /eaves, and zygomorphous
flowers in racemes or spikes, or rarely solitary. Sedsa/s 2, minute. Petals
4, outer pair larger. Stamens 6, diadelphous, opposite the outer petals.
Embryo minute.
FUMARIA Linn.
Fruzt rounded, indehiscent, 1-seeded.
Species 15, Old World.
I. F. CAPREOLATA Linn.
Sepals scarcely one fifth as long as the corolla. The globose frat is
constricted at the base into a neck. Fruiting Zedice/s recurved, longer
than the bract.
Partially climbing, by means of its long twining petioles.
(Eur., W. Asia, and N. Afr.); common about Buenos Aires and south-
ward; in N. Patagon.; “doubtless introduced.’ (J. Ball.)
2. FEF. MEDIA Lois.
Sepals one third as long as the corolla. vat globose, depressed ;
fruiting fedzce/s erect, twice as long as the bract. acemes rather lax.
Stems erect. Leaves compound above, their petioles subcirrhose. Annual.
(Europe); N. Patagon., in fields near Carmen.
Family 44. Crucirer#. Mustard Family.
Herbs, with watery pungent sap, alternate leaves, and racemose to
corymbose, hypogynous, cruciate flowers, sometimes apetalous. Stamens
6, tetradynamous, or fewer by abortion. Ovary 2-celled, with a thin sep-
tum and parietal placentz. Fruit a silique, or a silicle. Seeds with
folded embryo, and no endosperm.
Species 1,500, widely distributed, especially extratropical; non-poison-
ous. (In collecting secure the ripe fruit.)
422 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Kery To THE GENERA.
A, Hairs simple or none. No glandular hairs nor glandular tubercles.
é1. Style long. Silicle winged, its cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers white.
1. Menonvillea, p. 424.
62. Stigma equally developed on the style, capitate. Silicle on a gynophore ; its mericarps
winged on the margins and mid-nerve, 1-seeded. Septum narrow; radicle lateral on
cotyledons. Flowers white. 2. Hexaptera, p. 424.
63. Stigma strongly developed above the placentz ; more or less 2-lobed, or depressed in
the notched pod.
c1. Cotyledons starting below the bend of the embryo. Silicles basally rounded to’ cor-
date, its cells 1-seeded, seed pendulous. Lateral and median honey-glands. Sta-
mens sometimes 4 or 2, or more than 6. Radicle usually dorsal.
di. Silicle 2-valved, with lanceolate or elliptic septum. Petals white, rarely yellowish
or none. 3. Lepidium, p. 425.
a2. As Lepidium, but stamens 6; cells of silicle communicating by chinks, and leaves
minute, imbricating. 4. Delpinoélla, p. 427.
dz. Silicle indehiscent, broader than long, didymous, its septum linear. Petals white,
rarely purple or none. 5. Coronopus (Senebiera), p. 427.
c2. Cotyledons starting at the bend of the embryo.
dt. Silicle winged all round, septum narrow; or a I—2-seeded schizocarp. Cotyle-
dons not folded; radicle lateral. Only lateral honey-glands. Calyx not gib-
bous. Petals white, rarely pink. 6. Thlasfi, p. 428.
d2, Fruit a silique, rarely a silicle; sometimes transversely segmented, or a 1-2-
seeded schizocarp. Usually both lateral and median honey-glands.
et. Style more or less lobed, or depressed.
#1. Embryo with dorsal radicle and flat or arched or longitudinally folded
cotyledons. Silique long, 2-valved, with numerous, I-(rarely 2-)
seriate globose, wingless seeds. Style short, 2-lobed. Median honey-
glands. Flowers yellow, rarely white or pink. Leaves entire, or
toothed, or pinnately lobed. 7. Sisymbrium, p. 429.
f2. Embryo with the cotyledons longitudinally folded. Siliques, sometimes
transversely segmented, with erect seeds, and mostly a soft septum in
the distal segment. Flowers racemose. Median honey-glands.
gi. Seeds all pendulous; or distal seeds erect, but not in a specially
enlarged segment. Silique with an apical, not flattened, rostrum.
Cotyledons conduplicate.
hi. Silique dehiscent; its seeds 1-seriate, globular or slightly com-
pressed. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Flowers yellow or white to
violet. 8. Brassica, p. 432.
hz. Silique dehiscent, constricted between the seeds, but not jointed.
Petals white or yellow. 9g. Raphanus, p. 433.
g2. Seed solitary in a special apical segment, enlarged before anthesis ; the
normally barren proximal part of the silique resembling a gynophore.
Cotyledons 2-lobed ; radicle dorsal. Petals white.
10. Crambe, p. 433.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 423
73. Embryo with lateral radicle. Fruit dehiscent, its valves with the mid-
vein obsolete. Median honey-glands present or not.
gi. Valves convex. Fruit globular to linear. Seeds minute, round,
2-seriate. Petals white or yellow, not cleft.
11. Roripa (Nasturtium), p. 433.
g2. Valves flat (save impressions by seeds); finely reticulate ; elastically
dehiscing. Seeds I-seriate, pendulous, mostly wingless. Stem
leafy, at least below. Petals white or pink (rarely none).
12. Cardamine, p. 435.
AA, Hairs all or some branched; rarely unbranched or none. Sometimes also glandular hairs
or gland-tubercles.
61. Stigma equal all round, on the simple or prolonged or lobed style.
cl. Silique linear, its values flat. Radicle dorsal. Petals pinnatifid, white or purple.
13. Schizopetaluim, p. 439.
c2. Silicle globular, septum as broad as the fruit. adicle lateral. Petals entire, yellow.
14. Lesquerella ( Vesicaria), p. 439.
62. Stigmas stronger above the. placentz ; style simple or more or less 2-lobed above the
placentz.
cl. Surface-cells of the septum not transversely divided.
ai. Surface-cells of septum without parallel partitions.
el. Fruit mostly short, a silicle; seeds several in its cells. Only lateral honey-
glands. Flowers small, white.
Ji. Valves carinate, with a strong mid-vein. Septum narrow.
gi. Silicle apically rounded or pointed. Radicle varying.
15. Hutchinsia, p. 440.
g2. Silicle distally broadened or indented and obcordate. Radicle lateral.
16. Bursa (Capsella), p. 440.
f2. Fruit oblong to linear, a rather flat silicle. Seeds 2-seriate, wingless.
Filaments winged or toothed. Petals white, sometimes yellow, entire
or cleft. 17. Draba, p. 441.
e2, Fruit mostly a long“silicle or a silique; style short, rarely depressed. Lat-
eral honey-glands uniting with a median into a ring (or no mid-gland).
ft. Fruit linear or lanceolate, with fibers in the septum. Seeds oblong,
wingless; radicle dorsal. Leaves dissected. Petals yellow.
18. Sophia (Descurainea), p. 447.
fz. Fruit linear, no fibers in the septum. Valves flat, with weak mid-vein, not
elastically dehiscing. No gynophore. Seeds flat, winged or margin-.
less. Radicle lateral. Petals white or yellow, entire.
19. Aradis, p. 451.
dz. Surface-cells of the septum with many parallel parti-walls, polygonally arranged
in special cells. Silicle pyriform to elliptic, or a 1-seeded achene. Radicle
lateral. Honey glands lateral, or also with 2 mid-glands. Flowers racemose.
Petals yellow, entire.
et. Calyx open or erect, not saccate. Silicle more or less flat ; its cells 1-several
seeded. seeds wingless. 20. Alyssum, p. 451.
424 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
e2. Calyx closed, saccate or not. Silicle inflated, its valves cartilaginous ;
basi-attenuate. Seeds flat. 14. Lesquerella (Vesicaria), p. 439.
c2. Surface cells of the septum transversely parted. Flowers white to purple. ;
dt. No glandular hairs or tubercles. No fibrous layer on the septum. Fruit ovate
to linear, with convex valves and capitate stigma. Seeds 2-ranked. Radicle
dorsal (?). 21. Braya, p. 451.
a2. Glandular hairs or tubercles usual. Hairs usually branched. Radicle dorsal.
Stigma with 2 erect lobes. Siliques subcylindric ; valves I-nerved. Seeds
1-ranked. 22. Hesperis, p. 453.
t MENONV LEE AS DC
Perennial to suffruticose, smooth plants, with linear or pinnatifid aves,
rather fleshy, and racemose flowers. Sefatls long, erect, saccate. Petals
linear, white or dull red. oney-glands upright, scale-like. Sz/c/e on a
gynophore, dorsally compressed, with broad lateral wzugs, and long styé.
Mericarps 1-seeded. Embryo incumbent.
Species 4 in Chili and Peru. Closely allied to Decapifera and Hex-
aptera.
M. PATAGONICA Speg.
Low, hispid, green annual, with simple hairs; branching from the base.
Leaves pinnatifid. Racemes dense-corymbiform, elongating in maturity ;
rachis straight or subflexuose. //owers small, white. Sz/c/e glabrous,
its valves suborbicular, subconvex ventrally, concave dorsally, having a
mid-nerve, otherwise smooth. W7zug broad, rigid, repandulous at apex
and emarginate at base.
Chubut, in dry hills between Teka-choique and Carren-leofd.
22 a bLE OO BUSA Look
Herbs or undershrubs, with radical and cauline, entire or pinnatifid,
subspatulate /eaves, and short, bractless corymbs of whitish /lowers.
Sepals equal at the base. The longer stamens sometimes connate in
pairs. Sz“gue rather large, dorsally compressed, 6-winged; the cells
1-seeded. Sfy/e short. Stigma capitate. Seeds not margined. Coty-
ledons plane.
Species 7, Chili and Patagon.
1. H. cungeata Gill. & Hook.
Slightly hairy. Leaves with slender petioles, apically 3-toothed, only
I-nerved. .S/ems cespitose, ultimately erect.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 425
Chili; N. W. Patagon., on dry rocks near Lago Nahuel-huapi.
2. HEXAPTERA NORDENSKJOLDI Dusén. (Plate XVII.)
Root stout, fusiform. Szems numerous, simple or nearly so, thickish,
with the leaves crowded upwards. Leaves woolly, cuneate, 3-nerved and
3-lobed, the lobes narrow, rounded at the apex. Racemes dense, hemi-
spherical. Sepals oval, 3-nerved, hairy outside. efals spatulate, twice
as long as the sepals, pale yellow, reddish upwards.
S. Patagon., O. Nordensk. at Cerro Contreros, 900 meters altitude ;
near source of Rio Coy, by Hatcher; ‘‘abundant in Cordilleras above the
timber-line.’’ Hatcher's specimens have the petals and the lobes of the
leaves broader than in Dusén’s description.
3. H. TRIDENS Phil.
FHloary pilose. Leaves obscurely and long triangular, apically truncate
and 3-toothed. /efals white.
Mountains at Cuestada Maracoyo, S. Amer., at 4,000 meters elevation.
(Not in Patagonia ?)
3. LEPIDIUM Linn. Pepper-grass.
White flowers, often with fewer than 6 stamens. Petals short or none.
Silicles oblong or obovate, flat with narrow septum, its valves keeled,
dehiscent. Seeds 1 in each cell, flat. Cotyledons incumbent (or falsely
accumbent through torsion). (Figs. in Eng. & Prantl, iii, 2, p. 160.)
Species 160, most in temperate zones; some in Chili, Argentina, Aus-
tralia and New Zealand.
Kery TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves entire, or the lower pinnatifid, linear. Silicles orbicular, longer than the pedicel.
Flowers small. spicatum.
A2. Leaves bipinnatifid, and further cleft. bipinnatifidum.
A3. Leaves once-pinnatifid. Silicles wingless. bonariense.
A4. Lower leaves pinnatifid, others entire.
6. Silicles suborbicular, wingless. Petals none. Flowers small. ruderale,
62. Silicles oval-orbicular. Petals none in upper flowers. Pedicels inclined. racemosum.
63. Silicles oval, winged all round. sativum.
1. L. BIPINNATIFIDUM Desv.
5-30 cm. high, branches pubescent. Leaves 2-pinnatipartite, their lobes
multifid; rachis winged. Sz/cles oval, emarginate, half as long as the
pedicels.
426 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
(Widely distributed, about habitations.) Magellan, N. and E. Fuegia.
(Dusen. )
2. LEPIDIUM BONARIENSE Linn. 1753. (L. pubescens Desv., 1814.)
Stem and pedicels villous. Upper branches surpassing the stem.
Leaves glabrous, pinnatifid; the lobes linear, few-toothed. lowers
minute. Sz/c/e subelliptical, retuse-emarginate, its valves carinate, wing-
less. Style very short.
Of wide range through Brazil and N. Patagon.; S. Patagon., by Rio
Sta. Cruz; Magellan. Varying much: form ¢yfcca is tall, with spicate
flowers; form safnicola, dwarf, with lax racemes.
3. L. RAcCEMOosUM Gris.
Diffuse annual, stem puberulous. Leaves glabrous, pinnatisect, with
few pairs of segments, these oblong-linear, acutish; in the lower leaves
with a short anterior tooth. Racemes dense, the fedice/s equalling the
silicle. Upper flowers apetalous, with 2 stamens. Szlicle oval-orbicular,
emarginate. Stigma sessile. Valves at length reticulate.
Magellan, at Oazy Harbor, and at Punta Arenas. Brunswick Penins.,
about the bays and capes. (Lechler).
4. L. RUDERALE Linn.
Radical leaves pinnatifid. Cau/ine linear, entire, or nearly so; all
glabrous. lowers minute, usually apetalous, 2-staminate, with minute
style on the small, roundish, emarginate se/@c/e. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. ii.
13)
(Eur. & N. Amer.), Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz, not common, a low and
weak form; and near Rio Negro.
5. L. satrvum Linn. Garden-cress.
Leaves variously divided and incised, the upper being smaller and often
entire, all bright green. Sz/c/es orbiculate, 4 by 2 mm., emarginate, the
valves navicular, winged. S#y/es very short.
(Eur. and N. Am. in waste places and cultivated); S. Patagon., in
fields near R. Sta. Cruz.
*
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 427
6. LEPIDIUM SPICATUM Desv.
Leaves linear, entire, or the lower pinnatifid, glabrous. Avowers small.
Sticle orbiculate, emarginate, rather exceeding the pedicel; its valves
carinate, wingless. Szy/e short.
(Chili; Brazil); Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz; Magellan; rice Ushuaia.
4. DELPINOELLA Speg. (Nova Addenda ad Floram Patagonicam,
pa227-)
(Cruciferacea lepidinea.) ‘Sepals equal at the base, not saccate. Petals
linear, entire. Stamens 6, free, not toothed. Sz/c/es didymous, laterally
compressed, slightly retuse at apex, the va/ves turgid, coriaceous, 1-locular,
ventrally gaping by a chink, dorsally callus-marginate, externally rugose,
1-seeded. Style persistent, longish, thickish ; s#gma capitellate subentire.
Seeds solitary and pendulous in the locules, obovate, rostrate, immarginate
(rimless) ; zesfa membranaceous with a thin muciparous tunic; exdosperm
mucous, sparse; embryo largish, green; cotyledons excumbent, rvadicle
very long, scarcely curving, superior.
A woody glabrous undershrub, with very short branchlets at the tops
of the branches densely botryose-cespitose; /eaves minute, ovate, densely
imbricate; /owers small solitary, subsessile on acrogenous branchlets ;
Jrud \argish, glabrous.
(Allied to Coronofus by the structure of the silicle.)
D. PATAGONICA Speg.
Densely cespitose, green; branches subdichotomous. Leaves narrow,
somewhat acutish, and somewhat subcarinate. lowers white. Sz/cles
surrounded by the persistent sepals which are scarcely accrescent.
Patagonia, in the dry, rocky, high plane between San Julian and Rio
Deseado. Resembling in habit Braya pycnophylloides Speg. and Lentha-
miella pycnophylloides Speg., and having a long vertical root.
5. CORONOPUS Gaertn. (Senebiera Poir.)
Leaves mostly pinnatifid. //owers small, whitish. Szamens often 2
or 4. Silicle small, didymous, flattened with a narrow septum; its cells
1-seeded, indehiscent, falling gv as mericarps. Coty/edons incumbent
or conduplicate.
428 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species 12, subtropical in Old World and Austral.; in N. Amer.; and
the following:
I. CORONOPUS AUSTRALIS (Hook. f. sub Sevedzera.)
With sparse spreading fairs. Stems diffuse, ascending, branching.
Leaves subpinnatifid with incised lobes. Sz/c/es on long pedicels, rather
large, slightly reticulate.
Patagon., by Lago Argentino; Isla Pavon in R. Sta. Cruz.; Chonos
Archip.; (also in Jamaica and S. United States.)
Allied to C. pennatsfidus of Eur. and of N. and S. Amer.
2. C. coronopus (L.) Karst. C. coadunatus Stokes, C. didymus L.
(non Smith), Sexebiera pinnatifida (DC.).
Leaves pinnatifid, the lobes entire or toothed or pinnatifid. Sepads
roundish, their margins whitish, membranaceous. /edzce/s stout. Sz/-
acles acutish, their valves crested and wrinkled; 4 mm. broad by 3 mm.
high.
(Eur., nat. in N. Amer.) Fuegia, at Ushuaia, rare, in dry meadows.
N. Patagon., plains near Carmen.
3. C. pipymus Smith.
Stlicle-valves not crested, only 2 by 1 mm. VFeatce/s slender. (Fig.
in Eng. and Prantl, 111, 2, p. 161.
S. Amer. and northwards in N. Amer., Old World, and N. Austral.
4. C. RHYTIDOCARPUS (Hook. sub Semedzera).
Slender procumbent, branching. Leaves entire or pinnatifid, with few
segments, acute. Corymds small, of few minute flowers. Sefa/s concave.
Petals at least sometimes none. Sfamens 22 Szticle orbicular, rugose.
Patagon.
6. THUASEI Sinn:
Erect, glabrous herbs, with basal, rosulate /eaves, and upper cauline
feaves auriculate and clasping. f/owers white or purplish. Szdcles
mostly emarginate, flat, with narrow septum. Seeds 2 or more in each
cell. Cotyledons accumbent.
Species 60, Eurasian; most in Mediterr. region, with outliers in Aus-
tral., N. Amer. and Chili. °
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERAE. 429
I. THLASPI ALPESTRE Linn.
Leaves entire, the radical ovate, petiolate, the cauline oblong, amplexi-
caul. /efa/s about equal to sepals. Sz/cles obcordate, 8-12-seeded :
their valves winged dorsally. S¢yé filiform. Seed’s not striate.
(European Mts.); Cordilleras of S. Patagon.
2. IT. GLAUCOPHYLLUM Barn.
Cespitose. Szems leafy, glabrous, erect, simple. Leaves glaucous,
glabrous; the radical oblong, attenuate, petiolate, entire; the cauline ses-
sile, ovate, basi-auriculate. A/owers white, corymbed. Sz/rcle oblong-
obovate, not winged, ro-seeded, submarginate. S¢#y/e nearly half as long
as the ovary.
(Chili); S. Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz.
3. IT. MAGELLANICUM Pers.
Perennial, 7 cm. high. Radical /eaves oval-spatulate, stalked, almost
entire; cauline oblong-sessile. /Vowers small, white. efa/s about equal
to sepals. SzZcle obovoid, truncately-emarginate. .S#y/e short. Seed's 8,
oval-oblong, rufous, flat, not striate.
Magellan, at Sta. Magdalena by Cunningham; Rio Coy (Hatcher); E.
and N. and S. Fuegia; ‘a steppe plant’? (Dusen). Over nearly all
Patagonia. ‘“Seeming not to differ from 7: andicola H. & A. The
characters by which Reiche differentiates these are all fallacious.” (Speg.)
7. SISYMBRIUM Linn.
Sz/gue linear or linear-oblong, sessile, style short. Sefa/s subequal at
base. Seeds 1-seriate, ovate or oblong, not margined. Cofy/edons incum-
bent. Axnual or brenntal herbs with toothed or pinnatifid eaves, and
simple pubescence. Species 50, widely distributed.
KEry TO THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves entire, linear. Glabrous, cespitose plants. patagonicum.
A2. Leaves oblong, the cauline sagittate. Flowers white; stigmas 2-lobed. andinum.,
A3. Leaves variously pinnatifid. Flowers yellow.
6. Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid. Siliques linear-acuminate, appressed to stem. officinale.
430 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
b2. Leaves pinnatifid, their lobes repand. Petals white, twice as long as sepals.
Stigma hemispherical. maclovianunt
63. Leaves 1-2-pinnatifid. Siliques subclaviform, on oblique pedicels. . antarcticum.
64. Leaves 2—3-pinnatifid. Pedicels spreading. sophia.
bs. Leaves all basal, remotely pinnatifid, long-petioled. Racemes long. ameghinot.
66. Leaves pinnatifid with linear lobes. Racemes terminal on branches. tehuelches.
1. SISYMBRIUM AMEGHINOI Speg.
Fleshy, glabrous perennial, with numerous, simple or he stems
arising from the root-crown, bearing flowers and fruit almost from their
base. Leaves subfascicled, all radical or basal; oblanceolate in outline;
remotely pinnatifid, lobes short, broad, obtuse; petiole as long as the
limb. /owers small in long racemes; sefa/s ovate, obtuse, glabrous;
petals white, scarcely longer; sz/zgues subtorulose, erect, appressed,
largish, on a petiole one third as long; s#gma thick, 2-lobed, sessile;
seeds 1-Seriate.
Chubut, in dry places along Rio Chico.
2. S. ANDINUM Phil.
Suffruticose, glaucescent, glabrous or hairy, to 60 cm. high, branching,
leafy. Basal leaves subrosulate, oblong, obtuse, attenuate-petiolate, 5 cm.
long, 10 mm. broad; cauline leaves sagittate, partly clasping ; entire or
remotely toothed. //owers white, many in a corymb, at length racemose.
Stliqgues surmounted by a thick, 2-lobed, subsessile s/zgma, themselves
3-4 times as long as the pedicel.
(Chili); Patagon., in meadows by Rio Sta. Cruz & Golfo de San Jorge.
“Near S. sagettatum.” (Phil.)
3. S. ANTARCTICUM Fourn. (.S. cawescens Gris. non Nutt.)
Shortly pilose annual. Szem 80 cm. high, rather strong, with long
branches. Leaves sparse, radical ones crowded, 5 cm. long, with plane
rachis, and 5-6 prs. of pinnze; oval, broad, passing into crenate-lobed; obtuse
pinnules. /eadzce/s branching, bractless, spreading, thickish, straight, in
fruit 7-8 mm., shorter than the flowers. SeAa/s yellowish, oblong, mar-
ginally lucid. /efa/s pale yellow, shorter than the sepals. Sz/zgues on
an oblique pedicel, subclaviform, subtetragonal, falcate, 16 mm. long.
Seeds 2-ranked.
Magellan.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. . 431
4. SISYMBRIUM MACLOVIANUM Gaud. (5S. /wegianum Speg.)
Leaves radical, pinnati-partite, the lobes obtuse, repand-toothed,
glabrous or with forked hairs. //owers racemose-corymbose, pedicels
long or short, 7-8 mm. long and broad. Sefa/s entire, ovate-elliptical, 4
mm. long, white to pale green, glabrous, uniting, the outer slightly larger.
Petals twice as long, white, spatulate, unguiculate, 3-nerved. Ovary ellip-
tical-terete, rounded on both sides, with forked hairs at base. .S#y/e short.
Stigma hemispherical. .Sz/zgue white to purplish ; the valves slightly costu-
late. Seeds 2-seriate.
S. Patagon., near Lago Argentino. With glabrous and hispid varie-
ties. (‘‘ Badly described in the books; its incumbent cotyledons seem to
show that it is Szsymbrium.”) (Speg.)
5. S. OFFICINALE (Linn.) Scop.
Erect, 30-90 cm. tall, with rigid, spreading, branches. Leaves runci-
nate, pinnatifid, the upper nearly sessile, the terminal lobe oblong, toothed.
Pedicels 2 mm. long, erect in fruit; flowers yelolw. Szdigues 12 mm. long,
linear-acuminate, appressed to the stem. Va/ves with a strong rib.
(Eur., nat. in N. Amer.); Magellan; Elizabeth I.
6. S. PATAGONICUM (Speg.)
Cespitose, glabrous perennial. S/ems sigmoid-flexuose when erect.
Leaves all entire, linear. /Vowers small, racemose, long-peduncled.
Stliques slender, very long, on long pedicels.
S. Patagon., by streams near Lago Argentino, abundant.
(S. pennatum and S. sagzttatum sub Sophia.)
7. S. SOPHIA Linn.
Hoary, with 2-3-pinnatifid leaves, their lobes linear to linear-oblong.
Peduncles slender, ascending, thrice as long as the spreading pedicels.
Petals yellow, shorter than the calyx. Seeds in 1 row.
(Eur., N. Amer.); Patagon., by Rio Chubut and Rio Chico.
8; >. TEHUELCHES Spee.
Glabrous, fastigiately branching perennial, the old branches woody
cinereous, the innovations subherbaceous, greenish-white, terete. Cau-
line eaves pinnatifid with rachis and 1-5 pairs of often alternate lobes,
432 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
remote, entire, acute, narrow-linear. A/owers in terminal vacemes on the
branches, largish, with pedicels of their own length; Aefa/s white, spat-
ulate, twice as long as the yellowish-green, glabrous obtuse seals.
Stliqgues thickish, erect.
Patagon., near Golfo de San Jorge, between San Julian and Rio Deseado,
and along Rio Chubut. (‘ Formerly confounded by me with S. Azuna-
tum.” Speg.)
8. BRASSICA Linn. Cabbage, Turnip.
Erect, branching herbs with pinnatifid basal, and toothed or entire
cauline Zeaves ; and yellow, racemose flowers. Sz/ques elongated, terete
or 4-sided, usually tipped by an indehiscent, 1-seeded beak; the valves
convex, I-3-nerved. Seeds 1-seriate in the cells, marginless. Cotyle-
dons conduplicate.
Species 50, Mediterr. Region, and Asia; cultivated and run wild in
extratropical climates.
1. B. CAMPESTRIS Linn.
30-60 cm. tall, glabrous or nearly so. Lower eaves petioled, pinnati-
fid ; upper lanceolate to oblong, clasping by rounded auricles. Flowers
bright yellow, 9 mm. broad. /eazce/s rather spreading. Sz/zgue 4 cm.
long, its beak 9 mm. long. Seeds subspherical.
N. Patagon., as far S. as Rio Chubut. Produces tough and stringy
turnips, which trouble farmers; called ‘““Napur.” (J. Ball.) Doubtless
introduced.
2. B. MAGELLANICA Pers.
Leaves pinnatipartite, glabrous. Flowers corymbose. /efals white,
their limb obovate. Sz/que sessile, not beaked.
Magellan, Navarino I., Falklands.
3. B. napus L. Rape.
Leaves glabrous, subglaucous ; the lower lyrate, toothed, cuneate; the
upper cordate-lanceolate, entire, amplexicaul. Sz/gues spreading toru-
lose. fetals yellow, rather small.
FE. Fuegia (Dusén; ‘doubtless introduced ”’ ).
4. B. niGRA (L.) Koch. Sznapzs nv. (Linn.) Black Mustard.
Erect; 1 m. tall. Lower /eaves slender-petioled, deeply pinnatifid, with
large, terminal lobe, toothed all round. Uffer feaves more sessile, not
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 433
clasping ; #ffermost are entire lanceolate blades. /Vowers yellow, 8 mm.
broad, the pedicels slender, appressed. Szdgue 4-sided, narrow-linear,
12 by 1mm. Raceme narrow. Seeds dark.
(Eurasia, nat. in N. and S. Amer.) N. Patagon.
9. RAPHANUS Linn.
Erect, branching herbs with lyrate /eaves and showy flowers. Style
slender. Sz/gue linear or oblong, tapering apically, indehiscent, con-
stricted or continuous, spongy between the seeds. Seed’ subglobular.
Species 6, natives of Eurasia.
I. R. RAPHANISTRUM Linn. Wild Radish.
Stem 30-45 cm. high. Leaves petiolate, rough. lowers pale yellow
to white or lilac. .Sz/guve long-pointed and longitudinally grooved, 4—10-
seeded. |
(Eur.); N. Patagon., by Rio Negro.
geeteecATIVUS Linn.
Achenes fleshy, not longitudinally grooved, 2—3-seeded. Flowers pink
or white. Roof deep, fleshy.
(Asia); Magellan.
Tome en VIBE inn:
Branching herbs or shrubs from thick caudex, usually with large pin-
natisect /eaves, and long or compound vacemes of white flowers. Sepals
subequal. The longer s¢amens often toothed outside. Sz/gue_ erect-
patent, 2-jointed, indehiscent, the lower joint like a pedicel. Seeds
globose. Coty/edons conduplicate.
Species 16, Eurasia and Atlantic Is.
~
C. FILIFORMIS Jacq.
Stem solitary, slender, rather hispid below. Leaves pinnate-lyrate,
pilose, the terminal lobe ovate. /Az/aments long, scarcely toothed. Sz/cles
blunt, slender, 2-jointed, terete, the lower joint the longer.
(Chili); Magellan.
11. RORIPA Scop. 1760. (Vasturtium R. Br. 1812.)
Branching herbs, with simple or pinnate aves, and yellow or white
flowers. Sepals spreading. Stamens 1-6. Sz/gues short or long, their
434 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
valves usually 1-nerved. Seeds mostly 2-seriate in each cell. Cofyledons
accumbent. Pzbescence, if any, simple.
Species 25, chiefly N. Temperate.
1. RORIPA BONARIENSIS (DC. sub Wasturtium).
Annual, with pinnatipartite eaves, the lobes distant, linear, subdentate,
glabrous. Sz/guwe suberect, terete-compressed, 2—3-times as long as the
pedicel.
(Argentina); Patagon., near Rawson (Dusén).
“The Patagonian specimens always have white petals, often with a
rose tinge on the outside.” (Speg.)
2. R. PALUSTRIS (L.) Bess. - Yellow Water-cress.
Erect, annual or biennial, nearly glabrous. Lower J/eaves petioled,
oblong or oblanceolate, pinnatifid, the lobes repand or toothed; upfer
leaves subsessile, dentate. /edzce/s slender, 6 mm. long in fruit. /7owers
yellow, 5 mm. broad. Sz/gues linear or linear-oblong, as long as the
pedicels. Sz#y/e 1 mm.
(Eur., N. Amer.); Chubut, in marshes by Cabo Raso; by Carren-
leofti; ete:
3. R. PATENS Phil.
Tall, branching, perennial (?). Lower-leaves (?). Upper eaves dis-
tant, pinnate-lyrate; pinnules 3 pairs, linear, entire or toothed, terminal
lobule oblong; uppermost leaves simple. Racemes large; peduncles
longer than the calyx, which is shorter than the white petals. Stigma
sessile. Siliques 2-5 cm. long, with horizontal pedicels, 4 mm. Valves
nerveless (not as in the other species).
Patagon., in wet places by Rio Sta. Cruz and Lago Colu- haar Here
the color is slightly glaucescent ; lobes of leaves ere 3-5-dentate.
4. R. PHILIPPIANA (Speg.sub Vasturtium ,; N. micranthum Ph. non DC.).
Branching annual, 20 cm. high. Leaves various, pinnatipartite with
broad segments to lyrate ; Aewu@e 2-4 pairs, dentate in the lower, entire
in the upper leaves; the terminal lobe ovate, dentate. Sz/c/es almost
erect, 12 mm. long by 1.5 mm. or thicker, on oblique pedicels 2-3 mm.
Patagon., by Rio. Sta. Cruz; Golfo de S. Jorge: by Rio Negro, near
Carmen.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA3. 435
RORIPA PUBESCENS PINNATISECTA (O. Ktze. sub Masturtium).
Leaves pinnatisect.
(Chili; Argentina) ; Patagon.
12. CARDAMINE Linn. Bitter-cress.
Erect or ascending herbs, with entire or lobed or pinnate leaves, and
white or purple racemes. Siliques long, flat, usually erect ; their valves
nearly nerveless, elastically dehiscing. Stipe none. Seeds 1-seriate in
each cell, marginless. Cotyledons accumbent.
Species 75, in temperate regions.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves pinnate.
6, Leaflets orbicular, abruptly attenuate basally. hirsuta.
62. Leaflets not basi-attenuate.
c. Terminal leaflet reniform. glacials,
c2. Terminal leaflet obovate. strictula,
c3. Pinne 5, rounded. Sepals ribbed. corymbosa.
c4. Leaflets all basal, ciliated ; terminal pinne large. ciliata.
c5. Lower leaves lyrate, segments reniform. Stigma capitate. tuberosa.
c6. Terminal leaflet cuneate-oblong, 3-toothed ; upper leaves ternate. ramosissima.
c7. Lower leaves entire, small, with a pinnate pair below ; cauline leaves simple.
nana,
Az. Leaves pinnatisect.
4. Segments of radical leaves rounded, of cauline angulate. Style filiform. amara.
62. Segments of radical leaves rounded, of upper oblong-sessile. Style thick. Stout herb.
antiscorbutica.
63. Bipinnatisect ; cauline leaves similar, but smaller. geranifolia,
A3. Leaves pinnatifid.
6. Segments of radical leaves 2-3 pairs. Petals 2-3 times as long as sepals. mage/lanica.
62. Segments linear-lanceolate. Siliques divaricately erect. Styles long. patagonica.
, 03. Segments 3 pairs, fleshy. Style none. Stem none. prugmeda.
A4. Leaves cordate-rounded, entire toothed. rostrata.
As. Leaves all entire, oblanceolate. Floating plant, long stem rooting. callitrichoides.
TOC UMPAMIAR AG init
Leaves pinnatisect; segments of radical leaves subrotund, of cauline
dentate-angulate. Sfy/e filiform, acutish. Sem rooting at the base.
(Eurasia.) Patagon., Punta Arenas. (J. B. Hatcher.)
2. C. ANTISCORBUTICA Banks & Sol.
Robust, sometimes villous, from a branching rhizome. Leaves rosu-
late, pinnatisect, varying; radical leaflets 3-4 pairs, rounded, stalked;
436 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
toothed; upper leaflets oblong, subsessile. Racemes contracted at anthe-
sis; in fruit with erect, large peduncles. /efa/s twice as long as sepals.
Style thick.
Magellan, Beagle Channel to Cape Horn; Chubut, by streams in sub-
andine woods.
CARDAMINE ANTISCORBUTICA ANDICOLA Alboff.
Low, glabrous, many-stemmed. Leaves chiefly radical, the lateral lobes
small. Few-flowered corymd.
Fuegia Mts., near Ushuaia.
C. ANTISCORBUTICA UMBROSA Alboff.
Pubescent. Leaf-/obes all similar, except size. Raceme lax. Frutt-
style long.
Fuegia, near Olivaia.
3. C. CALLITRICHOIDES Speg.
Stems slender, long, repent below and rooting; above flagellar, floating.
Leaves all entire, alternate, small, oblanceolate, obtuse, basi-cuneate, sub-
sessile. //owers minute, axillary and solitary in the uppermost part of
the branches, shortly pediceled. Sz/gues narrow-linear, acutish.
Chubut, in slow waters by Rio Carren-leofu.
Au Gy CIeiA TA ELL
Erect, leafless above, glabrous. Leaves crowded at base, all pinnate,
ciliate. Penne stalked, the terminal largest and lobed. Racemes with
few, short-pediceled flowers, having ciliate dvacts.
Falklands.
5. C. corymMBosa Hook. f.
Branching near the base, the branches slender, flexuose, few-leaved.
Leaves long-petioled, pinnate; /eaflefs about 5, rounded, subsessile, the
lateral ones distant. //owers white, mostly corymbed. Sefa/s ovate,
ribbed. Fefa/s spatulate.
Fuegia, Orange Harbour. (Also common in Campbell’s IL, S. of N.
Zeal.)
6. C. GERANIIFOLIA DC.
Woody at base. Radical leaves long-petiolate, bipinnatisect, pinnules
petiolulate, broad ovate, trilobed, and their lobes toothed; cawline leaves
MACLOSKIE? CRUCIFERA. 437
similar, but smaller. Corxymé with few, large flowers, white to pinkish.
Szique linear, obtuse.
Magellan, Fuegia to Cape Horn.
7. CARDAMINE GLACIALIS DC.
Stems much branching, leafy. Leaves pinnatisect, subciliate, the lower
segments sessile, 2 pairs, very small; the terminal very large, reniform,
stalked. Sz/gues subfiliform, erect. FYowers white.
N. Patagon., Rio Negro; Magellan, Fuegia, Orange Bay. Falklands.
“Nearly under the snow in Fuegia.”’
8. C. HIRSUTA Linn.
Radical leaves rosulate, pinnate, pubescent, the pinnz 2-5 pairs, entire,
the terminal larger; cauline leaves few, with narrow pinne. Flowers
small, white. (Fig. in Brit. & Br. ii. 128.)
Widespread in Old World and U. S.; also in Fuegia, Falklands, and
Tristan.
C. HIRSUTA NIVALIS. With larger leaves.
C. HIRSUTA MAGELLANICA (Ph.).
Leaflets or segments of the radical leaves sessile, 2-3 pairs. Pe/als two
and a half times as large as the sepals. Peduncles 3 mm., and thickish.
Magellan; W. Patagon., in wet shrubberies by Rio Aysen.
9. C. NANA Barn.
Annual, hairy plant (glabrous in Argentina), cespitose. Leaves long-
petiolate, ovate, small, entire, or with 2 pinnz below on the petiole;
cauline leaves ltnear-spatulate. //owers small, solitary in the axils.
Petals white, twice as long as the green sefals. Sziques erect, narrow,
acutish both ways ; s#gma minute, sessile. Pedzce/ subdivaricate, shorter
than the subtending leaf. Seeds 7-9, 1-seriate.
N. Patagon. in wet places near Carmen.
10. C. PATAGONICA Speg.
Glabrous, perennial herb. Sem branching, decumbent below, angular,
striate. Leaves broad-ovate, the lower with long, the upper with short
petioles; deeply pinnatifid, their lobes linear-lanceolate, acute, sparingly
438 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
and coarsely toothed, and repand-toothed. F/owers racemosely spicate,
mediocre, white. Sz/gues divaricately erect, glabrous, as long as their
pedicel. S#yée rather long.
S. Patagon., by Rio Sta. Cruz.
II. CARDAMINE PYGMAA Dusén.
Very low, stemless, glabrous. Leaves subrosulate, about 8, long-
petiolate, mostly pinnatifid, segments 3 pairs, fleshy, thick-margined.
HOee Racemes few-(4—7-) flowered, white; rather large flowers.
Sepals oval, scarious-margined. /e/a/s twice as long, spat-
. ulate. Sz/gues patent, as long as the pedicel; stigma sessile.
H.-Puegias “ uscn ye rive
12. C. RAMOSISSIMA Steud.
Plant hairy rooting from the base of the stem. Radical and
lower /eaves pinnate, 3 pairs, and a larger terminal leaflet,
cuneate-oblong, tridentate; w#pfer /eaves ternate, with linear
Cardamine leaflets. Raceme long. Fefals 6 mm. long, white with a
pygmea (after violet center. Sepals half as long. Szgues erect, 25 by 2
Dusén). ae .
min., twice as long as the pedicels, attenuate to the style
and minute sfzgma.
(Araucania) ; Patagon., by Carren-leofa, and Rio Sta. Cruz.
13. C. ROSTRATA Griseb.
Smooth, branching perennial, with long-petioled eaves, entire or cordate-
orbicular, toothed. Racemes lax. Siligues erect, spreading, compressed,
4 times as long as the pedicels, attenuate to a filiform sty/e, subobtuse,
6 mm. long.
Chubut, by Carren-leof; W. Patagon., by Rio Aysen.
C. ROSTRATA DICHONDROIDES Speg.
Leaves firm, glaucous, not pellucid, entire, often minutely ciliolate..
(Sterile peat as of Dechondra repens Forst.)
142 _C. STRICTULAD Steud
Rhizome sublignescent, fibrilliferous. Sfems cespitose, or solitary,
strict, to 30 cm. pubescent. Leaves pinnate, 6-8, pinnz various, the
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 439
uppermost usually the largest; the others narrow to oblong, or rounded,
toothed or incised. lowers white; Aefal/s twice as long as the sepals.
Stligues strict, tetragonal, glabrous, twice as long as the pedicels (34-
50 mm.)
Patagon., at Punta Arenas.
15. CARDAMINE TUBEROSA Dmb.
Perennial, hairy or villous. Lower /eaves lyrate, 1-2(3) pairs of leaflets,
the terminal or all reniform ; cauline leaves with the terminal part smaller.
Corolla 8-10 mm. 2-3 times as large as the calyx. Sv/gues 3-4 cm.;
pedicels 1.5-2 cm. S¢y/ short, stigma capitate. Height 25 cm.
(Chili. )
C. TUBEROSA VELUTINA Speg.
Smaller than the species; stems and /eaves very velvety-hispidulous ;
Style of fruit longer.
Patagon., on dripping hills near Putra-choique.
13. SCHIZOPETALUM Sims. (non Boiss.).
Erect annuals, hoary, with branching hairs. Leaves sinuate-toothed to
pinnatifid. Raceme bracted. /efals white, pinnately lobed. Silique
linear, its valves 1-nerved, reticulate. Seeds 1-seriate, globose to oblong.
Cotyledous incumbent, twisted, bifid.
Species5)/Chili, etc.
S.(?) FUEGIANUM Speg.
Farinose. Stem thick, woody. Lower /eaves rosulate, ovate-elliptical,
long-petiolate, pinnatifid; the lobes broad, obtuse. Uffer eaves shorter,
uppermost sessile. Floriferous branches few-leaved, long-spiked.
Patagon., maritime rocks; Fuegia, on rocks by Elizabeth I., etc.
(“Ob petala integra a Schzzopefalo removenda,” v. sub Szsymbrio.
Lea peg. }
14. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. (Vestcarza Lam., p.p.)
Low herbs, with stellate Zazvs, simple leaves, and usually yellow racemes.
Petals entire. Anthers sagittate. Szc/e usually inflated, globose or
oblong; the valves nerveless; the septum nerved in the upper half.
Seeds several, flat. Cotyledons accumbent.
Species 32, Greenland to Pacific Amer. and middle United States.
440 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. LESQUERELLA MENDOCINA (Phil.) Small. (Vesecaria andicola Gill,, :
nomen.; /. arctica Barneoud.)
Tufted, erect, to 2-4 cm., from woody rhizome. Leaves spatulate or
oblanceolate, subentire, the upper sessile. Corvymdbs many-flowered.
Petals 4 mm. long. Sz/cle short-oval, few-seeded, the septum perfo-
rated. S#y/e slender, 2 mm. Varying as to broadness and margin of the
leaves.
(Arctic and N. Amer., Brazil); N. Patagon., along Rio Negro, near
Carmen de Patagones.
2. L. MONTEVIDENSIS (Eichl.) Wats. (= ‘ZL. mendocina Phil.” in Index
Kewensis, sub Veszcarza).
Compactly lepidote. Leaves narrow to linear-oblanceolate, entire or
repand-dentate. lowers large. Style 2mm.long. Szcle6mm. Cells
4-ovuled.
(Brazil; Chili); N. Patagon.
iby TL CH NS lien
Low herbs with forked Audbescence, and racemes of small, white flowers,
the Jeduncle elongating in fruit. S¢y/e none or short. Sz/c/e oval, com-
pressed, with narrow septum; its valves with midrib. Seeds numerous.
Species 8, N. Hemisph., 1 in Asia and Austral.; 2 in Bolivia. and 1
in Patagon.
H. RETICULATA Griseb.
Dwarf, diffuse, glabrous annual. Lowest leaves pinnatisect, long-
stalked; segments mostly only 1 pair, short, obtuse. Cauline leaves
oblong, auricled or entire. Flowers few. Silicles oblong, obtuse.
Valves reticulate. Cotyledons accumbent.
Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge, and Lago Argentino; Magellan,
Brunswick Penins.
16. BURSA Weber. (CapseHla DC.) Shepherd’s-purse.
Erect annuals, with forked Zazrs, and basal rosettes of pinnatifid aves.
Szficles cuneate-obcordate, compressed, with narrow septum; the va/ves
keeled. Style short. Seeds numerous. Cotyledons accumbent.
Species 2, Eur., widely distributed as weeds and polymorphous. Some
Australian forms are also closely allied to this genus.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 441
1. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS (L.) Brit.
Flowers white. Stem-leaves few, auricled-dentate to entire.
Patagon., near Rawson (Dusén); Magellan; Fuegia, Ushuaia.
2. B. PROCUMBENS (Linn.) O. Ktze. (H/utchinsia Hook. f.)
Dwarf, 3-8 cm. high. Leaves entire or deeply toothed, not pinnatifid.
Racemes elongated and open in fruit. efals as long as the calyx.
Capsule narrowed at both ends.
(New Zealand); Patagon., near Lago Argentino, by Golfo de San
Jorge, and Rio Chubut.
15. DRABA Linn. Whitlow-grass.
Low, mostly ste//ate-hairy, with simple, often rosulate /eaves and mostly
bractless racemes. Szlicles elliptic or oblong, or long, like siliques, flat.
Stigma subentire. Seeds 2-seriate, wingless. Coty/edons accumbent.
Species 150, N. Temperate and Arctic; few in Southern S. Amer.
Key To THE SPECIES.
A, Small, hirsute below with stellate hairs ; scape naked above.
6. Flowers green, apetalous. Silique with simple hairs. ameghinot.
62. Flowers small, white. Silique glabrous. argentina.
A2. Low, radical leaves oblong-lance, silky above. Pedicels and silicles glabrous. awstradts.
A3. Stems mostly short.
6. Stellate-hairy.
c. Leaves obovate, oblong. Flowers small ; on long naked peduncles. brackenridget.
c2. Leaves linear, obtuse. saffordt.
c3. Leaves lanceolate to ovate. Erect or branching. Silicles twisted when ripe.
incana.
c4. Leaves oblong. Ripe silicles twisted on long pedicels. gillesit,
62. Silky-hirsute, ovate-lanceolate leaves. Jalklandica,
63. Glabrous.
c. Leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliate-toothed. Suniculosa,
c2. Cespitose. Leaves fasciculate, narrow.
d. Leaves long, acutish. graminifolia.
a2, Leaves narrow-linear, subobtuse. oligosperma.
c3. Fleshy.
d, Leaves orbicular to obovate, toothed or incised. karratkensis,
d2. Leaves oblong linear, often ciliate, margined. monantha,
A4. Stems several, leafy ; leaves glabrous.
6. Leaves long-spatulate to oblong-linear. depilis.
62, Leaves oblanceolate, subterminally rosulate. Flowers crowded, bracted. hatcheriana.
63. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed and ciliate. patagonica.
442 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
1. DRABA AUSTRALIS AMEGHINOI Speg. (LD. ameghinot Speg.)
(Drabella.) Small, hirsute annual, with rosulate, elliptic leaves, or
obovate, ste//ately pubescent, entire. Scapes simple, or forked at the base,
leafy, stellately hairy below, naked above. lowers spicately racemose,
green, with few simple hairs; Aefa/s none. Szque large, elliptical, with
small, simple hairs. (More robust than D. argenfea, and distinguished
by its hairy silique.)
Patagon., stony planes by Golfo de San Jorge.
2. D. ARGENTINA Speg.
(Drabella.) Small, hirsute annual. Leaves chiefly rosulate, lanceo-
late to nearly ovate, acute-rounded above, attenuate below, sessile, entire,
rough, with white spreading, stellate Zazrs. Scafes simple or branching,
slender, glabrous, but with some stellate hairs, naked above. flowers
racemosely spicate, very small, white, glabrous. Sz/gwe glabrous, rather
large, elliptical, on a smaller pedicel.
(S. Argent., near Bahia Blanca); Patagon., by Golfe de San Jorge; by
Rio Sta. Cruz.
D. ARGENTINA GRANDIFOLIA Speg.
Flowers larger, the white petals twice as long as the green sepals.
D. ARGENTINA LATIFOLIA Speg.
Leaves orbicular, or elliptic-obtuse, margin obsoletely repand.
3. LD. AUSTRALIS Hook? ft,
Low annual, with subsimple sve, few radical eaves rosulate, oblong-
lanceolate, entire, obtuse, with silky, simple Zazvs on epiphyl, and stellate
hairs on hypophyl. /dowers white. /edzce/s in fruit filiform, half as long
as the linear-oblong sz/c/e. Peduncles and silicles glabrous.
Bahia Blanca to Patagon., Rio Sta. Cruz, Puerto Madryn; N. and E.
Fuegia (Ansorge, Dusén, Hatcher).
4. D. BRACKENRIDGE! A. Gray.
Stem short, 2-5 cm., divided from the perennial root, stellate-hoary.
Leaves crowded, obovate, oblong, obtuse, 5 mm. long. /eduncles long,
naked; racemes dense. //owers small, white. Silicles oblong to lance-
elliptical, hairy. .S¢y/e short. Va/ves rather plane.
(Bolivia.) Patagonia (?).
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 443
5. DRABA CHUBUTENSIS Speg.
Tall, cespitose, all laxly pulverulent-pubescent; hairs all stellate.
Leaves as fascicled innovations, oblanceolate, proportionally large, entire,
long attenuate-petiolate ; cauline leaves few, larger, elliptical-ovate, entire
or repand-toothed. Scafes very branching, racemes long, lax; s¢/c/es on
a pedicel 2-3 times their length, glabrous, rather small, plane with a sty/e
half their length.
Patagon., in elevated places near Teka-choique.
Gael. DEPILIS. Phil +
Many-stemmed, long, glabrous. Radical aves long-spatulate; cauwline
rather crowded, oblong-linear, sessile. Covymds many-flowered, dense,
scarcely elongating. /edzce/s short, as long as the flowers. Petals twice
as long as the sepals, white or with violet. Silicles.
Fuegia, Bahia del Esp. Santo.
7. D. FALKLANDICA Hook. f.
Stem very short, divided. Leaves crowded, spreading, ovate-lanceo-
late, subacute, silky-hirsute. Peduncle puberulous, leafless, or from a I-
leaved base. Flowers racemose to corymbose, small. Sz/cles elliptic-
oblong, 3 times as long as the fearcels, hairy; valves convex; style long.
Falklands.
8. D. FunicuLosA Hook. f.
Glabrous. Szem short, with leafy branches. Leaves linear-lanceolate,
occasionally opposite and subconnate at the base, their margin ciliate-
dentate. Scafes slender, few-flowered. Flowers small, white; jetals
spatulate, twice as long as sepals. Fruiting fedece/s short. Sz/cles
obtuse at both ends. St#gma bifid.
Falklands. E. Fuegia (Ansorge) ; Ushuaia.
“Peculiar, near D. oligosperma Hook., of Arctic Amer., and D. dactea
Adams, of Samara.” (J. D. Hooker.)
Guile cieiinsinblodkacc.Atn:
Perennial, with ligneous root. Radical leaves in a rosette, oblong,
obtuse, with stellate hairs; caudine /eaves oblong-linear, subacute, sessile,
dentate. //owers corymbose, afterwards racemose. Sefad/s villous; Aetals
444 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
twice their length. Sz/c/e (without the style) as long as the pedicel, at
first villous, afterwards smooth, and torted. S#y/e 3-4 mm., sé#gma capi-
tate. The mature frat has pedicels 3-4 times as long as the silicles.
(Perhaps= D. magellanica Lam.)
(Chillan and Valdivia); Chubut, in the mountains at Bolson.
10. DRABA GRAMINIFOLIA Speg.
Glabrous, cespitose, stoloniferous, 10-14 cm. high. Leaves fasciculate
at ends of the branches, acutish, attenuate to a long petiole; the base
sheathing. Scafes stout, lax-racemose. Lower fedice/s with a leaf; upper
naked. Sv/icles lanceolate, or narrow-elliptical. Sfgma subsessile.
S. Patagon., rocks near Lago Argentino, at Karr-aike.
11. D. HATCHERIANA Gilg, n.s. (Plate XVIII, B.)
Low cushion-like perennial, with thick multicipital root, and short
branches covered by the remains of withered leaves. Leaves rosulate at
the ends of the branches, oblanceolate, acute, cuneato-angustate down-
wards, coriaceous-fleshy, obsoletely ciliate on the margin. Flowers appar-
ently whitish, subcapitately crowded in dense 10—30-flowered racemes; on
a short leafless scape, but with largish bracts at base of the pedicels.
Sepals reddish, broadly obovate, apically rounded. Petals half exceeding
the sepals, narrow-unguiculate below, orbicularly obovate, and apically
rotundate. Ovary broad obovate, compressed. Style short, thick; stigma
capitate. |
S. Patagonia, by Rio Coy Inlet (collected by Hatcher, Nov., 1896, and
dedicated to him on the occasion of his decease, July 3, 1904).
The following is Professor Gilg’s diagnosis :
DRABA HATCHERIANA Gilg n. sp. (Plate XVIII, B.)
Perennans humilis pulvinaris radice crassa multicipite, ramis brevibus vel brevissimis ascen-
dentibus reliquiis foliorum emarcidis densissime obtectis ; foliis apicem ramorum versus densi-
uscule vel dense rosulatis, oblanceolatis, apice acutis, basin versus sensim longe cuneato-angustatis,
coriaceo-carnosis, margine hinc inde obsolete ciliatis ; floribus verisimiliter albidis in racemos densos
vel densiusculos 10—30-flores subcapitatos collectis, scapo brevi nudo, sed bracteis euphylloideis
majusculis ad pedicellorum basin evolutis ; sepalis rubescentibus, late obovatis apice rotundatis ;
petalis quam sepala plus sesquilongioribus, in parte 2/5 inf. anguste unguiculatis, superne valde
dilatatis orbiculari-obovatis rotundatis ; staminibus normalibus ; ovario late obovato, crassiusculo,
conspicue compresso ; stylo brevi, crasso, stigmate capitato.
MACLOSKIE; CRUCIFER:. A445
The plant rises like a cushion, about 2-2.5 cm. above the ground. Its rosette-leaves are 12—
13 cm. long, at their upper part about 1.5-2 mm. broad. The inflorescence is on the whole
about 1.5 cm. high, of which the flowerless part comprises I-1.1 cm. The bracts are 3-5 mm.
long, 1 mm. broad. The pedicels are about 3 mm. long. The calyx-leaves are 2.5 mm. long,
nearly of the same breadth. The petals are about 4 mm. long, in the upper part 2.5 mm. broad.
‘This new species appears to me to be closely allied to Drada spegazziniana Dusén (Gefass-
pflanzen der Magellanslander, p. 177.) = Draba oligosperma Spegazzini. Probably it does not
belong to the genus Drava; but so long as we are unable sharply to define the generic limits of
the South American species of Cruciferz I insert it provisionally in Drada. It does not belong
to Braya.”’ (Ernst Gilg.)
12. DRABA INCANA Linn.
Perennial or biennial, erect, simple or somewhat branched, stellate-
hairy, 15-30 cm. high. Leaves 8-25 mm., lanceolate, or oblanceolate to
ovate, acutish to obtuse; toothed or subentire. A/owers 2-3 mm. broad.
Petals white, notched, twice as long as the calyx. Sz/cles oblong or
lanceolate, acute, twisted when ripe, on short suberect pedicels. Style
minute.
Arctic and alpine Eurasia. Cold parts of N. Amer., and by Rocky
Mountains to Magellan.
D. INCANA SYLVATICA (Alboff.).
Tender, low, green. Stem simple. Leaves larger, membranaceous.
Less pubescent than the type-form, D. zxcana.
Fuegia, valley of Olivaia.
13. D. KARRAIKENSIS Speg.
Glabrous perennial; green-glaucescent, branching. Leaves fleshy,
orbicular to obovate, crenate, toothed, or incised. Scafes leafy, apically
spreading, spicate-corymbed. Sz/cles ovate to lanceolate. Szy/e long ;
valves of silicle nerveless. S#gma capitellate. Seeds 4—7 in each cell,
2-seriate.
S. Patagon., in dry, denuded parts. Mar.—Apr. By San Julian, Golfo
de San Jorge to Rio Deseado.
14. D. MAGELLANICA Lam. (including D. safford? Phil. and D. gelleszz,
Heand A»y)) (Plate XVITTA AS the type-form. )
Perennial, 8-30 cm. high, covered by short appressed hairs. Radzcal
Jeaves in a rosette, oblong, more or less obtuse. Cauline leaves sparse,
446 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
sessile, obscurely dentate. - Sepals villous, with membranous margins.
Silicles villous, shorter than the pedicels, not torted. .S¢y/e short, less than
I mm.
Magellan Strait, and all Patagonia. JD. saffordi Phil. got at Gregory
Bay, ‘“‘was apparently established on diseased specimens.” (Reiche.)
D. magellanica varies much, as to height, and stellate hairs of leaves and
stem. Coy Inlet (Peterson); Magellan (Hatcher); Fuegia (Dusen).
DRABA MAGELLANICA GLABRATA Gilg.
Stout, silicles glabrous with fedcels appressed to the rachis, SUP oe
by long stellate hae style long, persisting.
N. ec ieie. at Newauen in rocks at Valle Trolope, Neuquen.
D. MAGELLANICA SUBGLABRATA Speg.
Slender. Silicles at length glabrate. S#gma sessile.
S. Patagon., at Guadales near Rio Sehuen.
15. D. MONANTHA Gilg.
Cespitose perennial, forming cushions. Leaves close imbricate, rather
fleshy, oblong-linear, acutish, glabrous or mostly ciliolate-margined.
Flowers solitary, shortly-pediceled. Sefa/s obovate, rounded, glabrous.
Petals twice as long, narrowed to a claw, toothed-lobed upwards. S/a-
mens very unequal. Ovary ovate, minute.
Patagon: sta. Giz.
D. monantha nucrophylla Gilg.
S. Patagon., Valley of Upper Gallegos (Nordenskj.).
16. D. PATAGONICA Phil.
Stems several, leafy. Leaves rosulate, oblong, attenuate-petiolate, pin-
natifid, toothed, bright green, ciliate. Cauline leaves sessile, entire.
Raceme short, crowded. Silicles glabrous, oblong, 3-4 times as long as
the pedicels. Stigma sessile.
N. Patagon., near Nahuel-huapi.
17. D. SPEGAZZINIANA Dusén. (D. ofigosferma Speg. non Hook.)
Small, glabrous, densely cespitose. Leaves fasciculate-rosulate, narrow-
linear, entire, rather obtuse. Scafes long, naked below, above corymbed
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 447
by spikelets on rather long pedicels, with a rather large bract. Flowers
small, white. Cafszée acutely elliptical, the cells 1-2-seeded.
Patagon., Chubut, near Lago Fontana, and Lago Paz; and W.
Patagon., by Rio Aysen.
18. SOPHIA Adans. 1735. (Szsymbrium Linn. 1735, Descurainea
Webb. & Barth. 1836.)
Sz/iqgue linear or linear-oblong; flowers on long pedicels, racemed, style
mostly short. Seeds small, wingless, 1-2-seriate; cotyledons incumbent.
Annual or biennial herbs, rarely shrubby, with bipinnatifid, or dissected
leaves, and forked pudescence.
Species 12, in the N. Temperate Zone, the Canaries, and the Andes.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
(The following analysis of the Patagonian forms of this genus is chiefly after Spegazzini.)
At. Pubescence entirely stellate.
61. Stigma long-styled. deserticola,
62. Stigma sessile.
c1. Siliques glabrous. Sophia.
c2. Siliques stellate-puberulous. cumingiana,
Az2. Pubescence glandular on the stem, stellate on the leaves.
61. Leaves bipinnatifid, lobes subentire. pinnata,
62. Leaves tripinnatifid, lobes toothed.
cl. Siliques glabrous, glabrescens.
c2. Siliques stellate-puberulous. tenuissima.
63. Leaves with glandular and forked hairs intermingled; pinnately parted, the segments
multifid. heterotricha,
A3. Pubescence entirely glandular. Siliques glabrous. Bipinnatifid. glandulifera.
A4. Leaves fascicled at nodes, with forked hairs on under surface; pinnatifid. Siliques very
long, vermicular. subscandens.
As. Glabrous or with forked hairs. Leaves dentate to pinnatifid ; the lower petiolate, the cauline
sessile or auricled. sagitiata.
A6. Glaucous. Hairs on leaves all stellate; glandular on pedicels and sepals. Leaves bipin-
natifid ; the segments apically lobed. glaucescens,
I. S. CUMINGIANA (Fisch. & Mey. sub Szsymdrzum.)
Plant ash-colored, with tripinnatifid eaves, and dense terminal racemes.
Petals scarcely equalling the sepals. Pwudescence stellate. Sz/zgues as long
as the pedicels, stellate-puberulous. S#gma sessile. Seed's 2-seriate.
(Chili); Patagon., near Lago Argentino.
448 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2. SOPHIA DESERTICOLA (Speg. sub Szsymbrium).
Stem prostrate, creeping, 2-8 cm. long, woody, branching apically.
Leaves densely rosulate on the branchlets, pinnately lobed or cleft, hoary-
tomentose, the hairs all stellate. F/owers 2 or many, arising from the
rosules, the pedicels 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Sefa/s green,
sparsely pilose, equalling the white petals. Sz/gues cylindraceous, glab-
rous. Style long. (Allied to S. canescens, but the structure of leaves
and flowers and the ferszstent caudex are distinctive. Speg.)
Patagon., by Port Rawson; in dry places between S. Julian and Rio
Deseado.
3. S. GLABRESCENS Speg.
Green slender annual. Szems and branches glabrous, glandulose up-
wards. Leaves bipinnatifid, their lobes minute, obovate, obtuse; with
few, minute, stellate Zazvs. Petals ochroleucous, smaller than the sepals.
Stiique glabrous with subsessile style. edzce/s glabrous, 2-3 times
shorter than the flowers. Pwdescence glandular on the stem; stellate on
the leaves.
Patagon., by R. Sta. Cruz; Port Rawson, by Rio Negro.
4. S. GLANDULIFERA Speg.
Slender annual, with glandular-capitate hairs. Leaves twice pinnatifid.
Petals yellow, longer than the sepals. Sz&gues glabrous, 2-3 times
longer than the pedicels, and crowned by the subsessile st#y/es (any
stellate pubescence ?).
S. Patagon., in fields by Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz.
5. S. GLAUCESCENS (Phil.).
Seagreen perennial, covered with short villi. Leaves sparsely covered
with only stellate hairs, bipinnatifid, the segments 1.5-2 mm. broad,
apically lobulated. Pedzce/s and sepals glandular-hairy. Calyx scarcely
2 mm. long, equal to the petals. Sz/gues spreading, coriaceous, 2-3 times
as long as the peduncles.
Patagon., by Teka-choique.
6. S. HETEROTRICHA (Speg. sub Descurainea). °
Simple erect annual, 25-50 cm. high. Stem terete, all hispid-glandu-
lar. Leaves erect, appressed, lanceolate, pinnately parted, 5-9 pairs of
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 449
alternate lobes, approximate, lanceolate, acute, multifid, with short acute
lobules, all tomentose with glandular and stellate hairs intermixed, green,
somewhat hoary. Raceme long; pedicels hispid-glandular. Sepals glab-
rous or sparsely glandular-hairy, ovate, green with whitish margins ; efa/s
spatulate, white, slightly exsert. Sz/gwes glabrous, linear, attenuate both
ways, at first erect-appressed, afterwards horizontally spreading, slightly
longer than the pedicel. S#y/e subsessile. Seed’s 2-seriate.
Chubut; in dry hills near Lago Cholila and by Carren-leofu.
7. SOPHIA PINNATA (Walt. sub Aryszmum) Britt. (Szsymbrium canescens
Nutt. Descurainea canescens Prantl.)
Densely canescent; the Awbescence glandular in the sem, stellate in the
leaves. Stem erect, 20-60 cm. tall, slender; branches ascending. Leaves
5-10 cm. long, oblong, bipinnatifid; lobes many, entire, obtuse. FPedzce/s
slender, at length spreading horizontally, 1o-14 mm. long, exceeding the
flattish siliques. S¢y/e minute. Seeds 2-seriate. Petals pale yellow.
(N.andS. Amer.); Magellan. S. Patagon., by O. A. Paterson, near Coy
Inlet. fruiting Nov. 13, 1896; the flowers bright yellow. N. & E. Fuegia,
Dusén, only on the steppes and in cultivated places.
Port San Julian to Rio Deseado.
S. PINNATA PATAGONICA (Speg. as Descuraimea canescens).
‘All the Zazrs only stellate, more or less hoary. Seea’s always 2-seriate
in my specimens.” (Speg.)
All Patagonia.
S. PINNATA PURPUREOLA (Speg. as Descurainea canescens).
Leaves 2-3-pinnately parted, green-purpurascent. Low with dense
stellate-branching azrs.
Patagon., between San Julian and Rio Deseado.
Be SAG TAA mid OO Keeece ATT.
Suffruticose, tall. Leaves membranous, oblong, more or less dentate,
the lower sometimes all pinnatifid, their margins ciliate, the cauline sessile,
and auricled-amplexicaul. Racemes many or few-flowered, the lower
approximate to the leaves. Fefa/s white or rose, the same size as the
450 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
sepals. Silique longer, to 44 mm., slightly arched; valves with a nerve
and its ramifications. S#gma sessile. Seeds 1-seriate.
(Atacama Province); through central and andine Patagonia. Greatly
varying. The following forms are given:
(2) andina ,; green, mostly glaucescent, glabrous. S. Patagon.
(6) celata, leaves glabrous, but margin ciliated. Golfo de San Jorge.
(c) communis; basal leaves dentate-subruncinate; cauline subentire.
Flowers few. At Sta. Cruz.
(a) exauriculata, leaves without auricles. Near Rio Chico.
(e) glauca. Herbaceous, tall, glabrate. Basal leaves oblanceolate,
angulate-repand ; cauline linear, entire. By Rio Gallegos.
(7) latifolia; pale green, mostly glaucescent glabrous, /ower leaves
pinnately lobed, the cauline with broad, fleshy auricles. Lago Blanco
and Rio Aysen.
(g) wormats, hairs stellate; plant obscurely green, not succulent. °
S. Patagon. |
(2) pubescens , intensely green, lowest /eaves glabrous, upper subto-
mentose, not ciliated, all the Zazrvs stellate. Valle Hermoso.
(2) purpurascens , woody and rigid. Lower leaves acutely sinuate-
toothed, purplish underneath. Patagon., by Rio Chico de la Sta. Cruz.
9. SOPHIA SUBSCANDENS Speg.
Some meters high; stems weak, subscandent, glabrous, nodose.
Leaves fascicled at the nodes, subspatulate, coarsely and sparingly pin-
nate-lobed ; the margin or also the under surface pilose with forked Zazrs.
Inflorescence few-flowered. Sz/gues vermicular, very long, divaricate,
briefly pediceled; their apex attenuate-stigmatose.
N. Patagon., in shrubberies near Carmen de Patagones. Root white ;
nodes, 30-40 cm. long, many-headed at top. Climbing branches, 80-
150 cm., slender. Flowers unknown.
10. S. TENUISSIMA (Phil. sub Szsymdbrium).
Annual, with erect s¢em to 30 cm. tall; and short, glandular-hirtellous
hars. Leaves hoary, tripinnatifid, tHe segments short, obtuse, narrow.
Peduncles capillary; vacemes lax. Flowers minute, yellow; fetals
scarcely exsert from the calyx; style slender, shorter than the narrow
silique. Pubescence glandular on the stem, stellate on the leaves, calyx
and fruit.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. A451
Patagon., by Golfo de San Jorge; and by Rio Chubut.
“The Patagonian specimens have 2-seriate seeds; the Chilian (fide
Reiche) only 1-seriate.” (Speg.)
19. ARABIS Linn. (including Zurvrits L.).
Herbs with entire or lobed “eaves and white or purplish flowers.
Stliques linear, long, flat, the valves mostly 1-nerved (in the following 3-
nerved), not dehiscing elastically. Szgma 2-lobed or subentire. Seea's
in 1-2 rows, flat, often margined or winged. Cotyledons accumbent.
Species more than 100, Northern and Mediterranean; some in S. Amer.
1. A. MACLOVIANA Hook.
Glabrous. Leaves radical, long-petiolate, oblong-obtuse, serrate-
toothed below, small and narrow upwards. lowers corymbose, white.
Stligue-valves, 3-ribbed.
Falklands, on the coast; Magellan.
(4. magellanica sub Hesperis.)
20" PA ISY SoUMe inn:
Low, branching, ste//ate-bubescent herbs, with small, racemose yellowish
or white flowers. /7/aments often dilated and toothed. Sz@zcles ovate,
nerveless. S#gma subentire. Seeds 1 or more in the cells. Cotyledons
accumbent.
Species 100, chiefly in the Mediterr. region.
A. MARITIMUM Linn.
Procumbent undershrub. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly
hoary. /efa/s obtuse, white. /7z/aments toothless. Sz/cles oval, glab-
rous; their cells 7-seeded. Style short.
(Mediterr., in sandy places by the sea); Patagon., near Rawson (Dusén).
21., sBRAY.A Sternb.;c&. Hoppe.
Cespitose scapigerous perennials, with multicipital root, narrow radical
leaves, and white, or pink, or purple flowers, often subtended by leafy
bracts. Sepals subequal. Silique ovate to linear, the valves convex,
stigma capitate, slightly 2-lobed. Seeds 2-(rarely 1-) seriate, many or few,
marginless. Cotyledons incumbent.
452 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
The capsule is intermediate between the Siliquosze, as 4vadzs, and the
Siliculosz, as Draéa.
(B. uniflora Hook. f. & Thou. growing in Thibet at 4,500 meters of ele-
vation, has connate sepals, a unique case in this family of 1,500 species.)
Species 12, in cold parts of all continents. Members of this genus belt
the world, from Eur. Alps, by Thibet, Himalayas, Siberia, Arctic regions,
to Chili, Patagon. and N. Zeal.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A. Leaves narrow-linear, acute, margin pectinate-spinulose. Peduhcle short. Jlycopodiotdes.
Az. Leaves ovate-obtuse, rather small, similar.
6. Forming cushions. Leaves ciliate, silvery. Flowers sessile. glebaria.
62. Branches crowded. Peduncle as long as the leaves. patagonica,
A3. Leaves ovate-linear, acute, pectinate-ciliate, all similar. Flowers sessile. pectinata.
A4. Basal leaves spatulate-linear, fleshy, hispid to ciliate. Stem-leaves scanty or none. Flowers
racemed. : pusilla.
As. Leaves small, triangular-ovate; stem-leaves smaller; large leaves enclosing the solitary
flower. Peduncle short. pycnophylloides.
1. BRAYA GLEBARIA Speg.
Robust perennial with rather large caudex, and crowded branches
making hemispherical cushions. Leaves densely imbricate, small, ovate,
obtuse, all isomorphous, densely fimbriate-ciliate on their margin, cinere-
ous silvery. lowers largish, acrogenous, solitary, sessile. Sefads ellip-
tic-elongate, oblong-obtuse, glabrous, saccate and green at the base.
Petals ochroleucous, exceeding the sepals, spatulate. Sz/c/es unknown.
Chubut, in basalt rocks near Lago Musters and Choique-lauen.
2, B. LYCOPODIOIDES Speg:
Subdichotomously branching, creeping, erect at apex. Leaves rather
large, narrow-linear, acute, coarsely keeled, the margins aculeolate-pecti-
nate, all similar. //owers apical. Sz/cle rather large, obovate to broad
lanceolate. Peduncle not exceeding the uppermost leaves.
S. Patagon., on dry plains near Rio Chico de Sta. Cruz; between San
Julian and Rio Deseado.
B. LYCOPODIOIDES CONTRACTA Speg.
Branches short and densely crowded. By Rio Deseado.
MACLOSKIE: CRUCIFERA. 453
3. BRAYA PATAGONICA Speg.
Branches short, erect, crowded. Leaves rather small, ovate, obtuse,
all similar. .Sz/zcle mediocre, broad-elliptical. Peduncle slightly surpass-
ing the highest leaves.
Patagon. On dry table-land at Karr-aike, by Lago Argentina.
4. B. PECTINATA Speg.
Cespitose-crowded, compact, forming hemispherical cushions. Leaves
rather large, ovate-linear, acutish, dorsally convex, not or obsoletely sub-
carinate, their margins pectinate-ciliate, all isomorphous. //owers apical,
solitary, subsessile; sefa/s green, subgibbous at base; fefals white. Sz/-
cles unknown.
S. Patagon., in rocks near Ultima Esperanza.
5. B. pusttLta A. Gray.
The root sends up simple shoots, with radical spatulate, linear /eaves,
somewhat fleshy, hispid or ciliate on the margins. Svem-/eaves scanty or
none. Raceme 5-6-flowered. Sz/ques linear or linear-oblanceolate,
twice as long as the pedicel, about 8 seeds in each cell. S#y/es very short.
Patagon. Cordilleras, in deep snow. J. B. Hatcher in S. Patagon. (? )
6.55) PYCNOPHYLLOIDES Speg.
Dense ; the branches short, erect. Leaves very small, triangular-ovate,
the cauline smaller and silvery; the subfloral broader, pale. lowers
solitary, terminal, on short pedicels ; girdled: by a cup of leaves. Szécles
rather small, obovate-lanceolate.
Patagon., in dry precipices at Orr-Aike, near Lago Viedma.
Z2geel or i bom leiniy
Erect, perennial or biennial herbs, with forked Zazrs, simple /eaves and
large vacemose, purple or white flowers. Stigma with 2 erect lobes.
Szliques elongated, nearly cylindric, with 1-nerved valves. Seeds in 1 row
in each cell, wingless. Coty/edons incumbent.
Species 20, Eurasiatic.
H. MAGELLANICA (Pers. sub Brassica ; Hook. f. sub Szsyimbrzum) O. Ktze.
Erect, branching above. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, pinnately lobed,
attenuate-petiolate, the lobes sinuate-dentate, acute. acemes corymbose,
454 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
becoming elongate in fruit. Pedzce/s bractless, spreading. Sz/zgues sub-
erect, terete, linear-oblong, attenuate to a short style, rather short, bearded
with stellate hairs. Septum i-nerved. Seeds many, oblong, rufous,
sulcate.
Patagon., at Cabo Negro; Magellan; Fuegia, a steppe-plant (Dusén)
‘“‘Glabrous,’’ Hook. f.; ‘“ Plant covered with stellate hairs,’ O. Ktze.
Family 45. CappartpacE&. Caper Family.
Mostly herbs with alternate, simple or palmate /eaves and 4-merous
regular, hypogynous flowers. Petals free, sessile or clawed, rarely none.
Stamens 6 or more, not tetradynamous, hypogynous. Ovary sessile or
stiped, 1-celled, or falsely 2—8-celled. _Ova/es many, on parietal A/acent(e.
Fruit a capsule or berry.
Species 300, chiefly in warm countries.
ATAMISQUEA Miers.
Rigid, branching shrub, lepidote. Leaves linear, oblong, small.
Flowers solitary or paired, terminal, with slender pedicels. Sepals 2,
ovate, valvate, and 2 inner small. /efa/s 4, unequal, linear. Szamens 6.
with 3 or 6 staminodes. Dry stipitate devvy, 1-2-seeded.
Only species:
A. EMARGINATA Miers.
Leaves emarginate at both ends, green above and shining; hirsute and
hoary below.
(Capparis atamisquea by O. Ktze., who says “non Capparis emar-
ginata auct.”’ and that there are species of Capfaris with few stamens;
which character is therefore not a sufficient ground for a separate genus.)
(Chili; Argentina); Patagonia, rather rare in shrubberies along Rio
Negro. JMJata negra of the inhabitants; its wood in burning emits a
smoke that is hurtful to both eyes and nose.
Family 46. Rersrepacre#. Mignonette Family.
Herbs with unsymmetrical, 4—7-merous flowers and alternate /eaves
having glands for stipules. Zevminal racemes or spikes. Calyx-leaves
narrow, and petals unequal, mostly laciniate. Hypogynous ask bearing
MACLOSKIE: DROSERACE&. 455
the 3-40 stamens. Capsule 1-celled, with parietal Alacente, 3-6-lobed
and horned, opening apically before the reniform seeds are ripe.
Species 70, chiefly in the Mediterranean region.
RESEDA Linn:
Small sfzkes or contracted racemes. Petals 4—7-cleft, unequal. Stamens
12—40, on one side of the flower. ,
Species 55.
R. oporatTa Linn. Mignonette.
Leaves cuneate, 3-lobed with obtuse lobes, or entire. /e/a/s deeply
partite, longer than the sepals. Cafsz/e slightly contracted at the mouth,
Seeds large. Flowers fragrant.
(North Afr. & cult.)
R. ODORATA PILOSA O. Ktze.
Stems subpilose.
Patagonia (M. & T.; only cult. or escaped).
Family 47. Drosrrace#. Sundew Family.
Glandular pubescent herbs mostly with rosulate /eaves, their glandular
hairs sensitive; and perfect flowers, usually in vacemes. Caylx 4-8-
merous; fefals 5, hypogynous, convolute, distinct, or nearlyso. Stamens
4-20. Ovary 1-3-celled; styles 1-5. Seeds numerous; endosperm fleshy.
Species 125, widely distributed.
DROSERAS ina.
Bog-herbs, with 4-8 stamens, 1-celled ovary, and glandular-pilose /eaves.
Styles usually 3.
Species 110, nearly cosmopolitan; most in Australia, but none in the °
Faciic: Is:
D. UNIFLORA Willd.
Minute, stemless. Leaves rosulate, spatulate, with rounded lamina.
Scape short, strong, 1-more-flowered. Flowers showy. E. and W.
Magellan. Falklands. Staaten I., S. Fuegia. (Bolivia.)
D. uniflora W., D. arcturt Hook., and D. stenopetala Hook., appear to
J. D. Hooker to be three single-flowered species, representing ope other
in extreme southern regions, being found in Patagonia, Auckland Island,
and Tasmania.
456 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Family 48. Crassuracr®. Stonecrop Family.
Mostly succulent herbs or shrubs, with simple exstipulate aves and
cymose or solitary regular and perfect, 4-5-merous flowers. Stamens
hypogynous, as many as the sepals, or twice as many. //oral symmetry
otherwise complete. Seeds in the fo/Zic/es numerous, with fleshy exdosferm.
Species 300, widely dispersed.
CRASSULA Linn,
Leaves opposite, entire, mostly glabrous. //owers symmetrically 4-5
merous. Calyx and stamens shorter than the corolla. Fefals free or
united at base. Fodlcles distinct.
Species 120, most in S. Africa and Chili; some in Eur. and N. Amer.,
Orient., Austral. and N. Zeal.
The Patagonian species are chiefly of the section 72//za, taken by some
as a genus, having sagittate leaves.
1. C. MAGELLANICA (Wild.).
Stem creeping. Leaves oblong, imbricate.
Magellan.
2. C. MOSCHATA Forst. (d’Urv. sub Bulharda, Tillea DC.).
Small, creeping, aquatic annuals, with opposite, succulent, ovate-ob-
long, connate /eaves,; and sessile 4-merous flowers in the upper axils.
N. Patagon., at Rio Negro; E. and W. Magellan; Fuegia to Cape
Horn; Falklands; also in Kerguelen-land; “always growing near the
sea, where streams enter.”’
3. CC. PEDUNCULARIGE olcc,
Stem erect, simple. Leaves subconnate, lanceolate, acute. Pedzcels
axillary, solitary, twice or three times as long as the leaves. Carfels
truncate at apex.
(Moist regions about Buenos Aires and Monte Video); N. Patagon.,
by Rio Negro.
4. C. TILLa#A (Miers) ( Z77@/ea minima Hook. & Arn.).
Annual, with slender, subsimple sfem, naked below. Leaves ovate,
connate, acute or subobtuse, thickish. AZowers subsessile, and peduncled,
MACLOSKIE: SAXIFRAGACEA. 457
4-merous. Ca/lyx-segments ovate, acute, exceeding the petals. Fol/icles
1—2-seeded.
(Calif., Chili) ; N. Patagon.
Family 49. Saxirracace&. Saxifrage Family.
Herbs or shrubs, with exstipulate /eaves, and regular, mostly perfect,
and mostly perigynous or superior flowers, with stamens as many or
mostly twice as many as the petals; and the carfels are usually fewer
(mostly 2), connate below, with diverging apex and styles. Fruita cap-
sule or berry. Seeds numerous, with copious endosperm. (Occasionally
apetalous. )
Species 600, chiefly in cold and temperate regions.
KEY TO THE GENERA.
A. Herbs or shrubs of varying habit. Leaves mostly alternate, extipulate. Flowers 5-, rarely
4-merous. Carpels 2, rarely 3-4, partly connate, 1-2-celled, usually more or less inferior.
6. Stamens hypogynous or perigynous or epigynous ; in the last case separate from the style.
c. Placente central. Leaves entire or lobed, or palmately parted, sometimes with stipuli-
form growths. Petals narrow below. Stamens usually ro.
1. Saxifraga, p. 457.
c2. Placente parietal. Floral disk circular, adnate to the ovary. Petals none. Small
marsh plants. Stamens 8-10 (rarely 4-5). 2. Chrysosplenium, p. 460.
62. Stamens 2-3, epigynous, on a disk close to the style. Small cespitose plants, with thick
linear leaves and terminal flowers. 3. Donatia, p. 460.
A2. Woody plants with simple, mostly opposite leaves, and 5—4-merous flowers (the stamens
twice as many) in corymbs. Ovary more or less inferior, 3-5-celled. Marginal flowers
sterile, with enlarged, showy sepals. Fruit a capsule. Styles 3-5, free.
4. Hydrangea, p. 460.
A3. Woody plants with simple, alternate, often coriaceous and glandular, serrate leaves.
Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary with many erect seeds.
6. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Petals contorted. Creeping branched shrub, with short densely-
leafy branches and spatulate leaves having trigonal points. 5. Zrideles, p. 461.
62. Ovary inferior, 3-2-celled. Petals long, imbricated. Trees or shrubs with coriaceous
leaves. 6. Escallonia, p. 461.
A4. Shrubs with simple, often lobed, alternate leaves; racemose flowers, and inferior, 1-celled
ovary, with 2 parietal placente ; becoming a berry. Fe IVesaD AOS;
1. SAXIFRAGA Linn., Saxifrage.
Chiefly perennial herbs, with 5-merous flowers, stamens Io (very rarely
5). Ovary 2-celled, the apex and styles diverging. Seeds with axile
placentation.
458 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Species more than 200, mostly N. Temp. and Arctic; a few in the
Himalayas, China, Orient, Algeria, the Andes and Patagonia.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Scape 1-flowered.
6. Stamens 5.
c. Leaves orbicular-spatulate, 3-5-nerved. alboffiana.
c2. Leaves narrow-linear-spatulate, I-nerved, apically bicuspidate. Petals 5-10.
bicuspidata.
62. Stamens normally 10. Petals long.
c. Radical leaves trifid ; cauline undivided, linear. ce@espitosa.
c2. ‘Leaves spatulate, rarely 3-lobed. S. cespitosa magellanica.
A2. Flowers corymbose to paniculate. Lower leaves cuneately 3-cleft; upper often entire.
Stigmas large. cordillerarum.
I. SAXIFRAGA ALBOFFIANA F. ‘Kurtz.
Low, green, glabrous. Roots numerous, long and slender, stolonifer-
ous. Sfems 1-2 cm. high, branching little, apically rosulate. Flowering
stems higher, few-leaved, 1-flowered, with rhomboid, ovate bracts. Leaves
orbicular-spatulate, entire, with 3-5 nerves converging upwards. /efals
2-3, unequal, lingulate, whitish, minute. S/amens 5, shorter than the
calyx. Seeds reniform.
Fuegia at Ushuaia, alpine; W. Magellan, Desolation I. (Dusén).
2. S. BICUSPIDATA Hook. f.
Laxly cespitose, glabrous. S/ems decumbent, slender, sparingly
branching, leafy. Leaves 4-8 mm. long, narrow-linear-spatulate,
I-nerved, apically bicuspidate. Peduncle axillary,
naked, 1-flowered. Calyx-lobes apically bifid. Séa-
mens 5. Petals 5-1(-0). Calyx semisuperior.
W. Magellan, at Puerto Angusto (Dusén); S.
Fuegia, Patagon. (Of habit of S. ofposetifola L. of
Greenland, except its scattered leaves (Fig. 73). The
Saxifraga bicuspidata. firure in Flora Antarct. incorrectly gives its leaves as
Young shoot, showing the opposite.) By Hatcher in Cordilleras of S. Patagon.
scattered, bicuspidate ; :
leaves. (Original. ) Determined by the Kew Herbarium, with the follow-
ing note: ‘Add to description in Fl. Antarct. 11.
281, Petalum unicum, oblongo-lanceolatum, Acute 2 mm. longum, 0.5
mm. latum. T. A. Sprague, Nov. 30, 1901.”
MACLOSKIE: SAXIFRAGACEA. 459
3. SAXIFRAGA BICUSPIDATA PAVONII (Don).
Cespitose. Stem 3-5-flowered. Lower eaves deltoid-cuneate, trifid.
S. Patagon.; Mts. near Lago Argentino.
4. S. CéSSPITOSA Linn.
Radical /eaves crowded, trifid; cauline distant, undivided, linear. Sem
I-flowered. Ovary inferior, viscid. Pubescence short, glandular. Calyx-
lobes obtuse ; Zefals obovate, elongate.
(Arctic and alpine Eurasia and N. Amer.)
S. C4ESPITOSA BRACHYPHYLLA Wedd.
Scapeless. Leaves smaller than in the type, all shortly trifid, the limb
densely villous. /xflorescence 1-3-flowered, subsessile amid the upper-
most leaves of the caudex.
Patagon.
S. CASSPITOSA MAGELLANICA (Poir) Wedd. (S. cordillerarum magel-
fanica Poir.)
Stems cespitose, procumbent. Leaves spatulate, rarely 3-lobed at their
apex. Flowering branches short, axillary, naked, 1-flowered. Calyx
glabrous, its lobes linear-obtuse to obovate, much shorter than the petals.
Root perennial.
Patagon., Chubut; Magellan (Hatcher, Speg.); Fuegia, passim
(Dusén).
4. S. CORDILLERARUM Presl. (S. exavata Hook. f.)
Cespitose; somewhat pilose-viscid. Upper leaves often entire; dower
cuneately 3-cleft, thick-nerved. Calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, shorter than
the tube. efals ovate, nervous, white, exceeding the calyx. St#gmas
large, subspatulate.
(Eur., Alps; Peru.) Magellan (R. O. Cunningham); S. Patagon., in
Cordilleras (Hatcher); Fuegia, on mts. ,
S. CORDILLERARUM BREVISCAPA (Hook. f.).
Densely cespitose. The flowers subsessile.
Magellan. Fuegia, to nearly 2,000 m.
460 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
2 COR VSO> BUN TOV ince
Low semiaquatic herbs with petiolate, broad, crenate /eaves, and per-
fect, minute, greenish flowers. Cadlyx-tube obconic, adnate to the ovary.
Petals none. Stamens 8-10 (rarely 4-5). Ovary 1-celled. Styles 2.
Species 15, in N. Temperate region, and Extra-trop. S. Amer.
1. C. MACRANTHUM Hook.
Creeping, glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, obtuse. Peduncles
* terminal, bracted, 3-flowered. /Vowers rather large, 2—3-carpellary, the
mid-flower sessile.
E. & W. Magellan; Fuegia to Cape Horn.
2. C. VALDIVIANUM Hook.
Creeping, glabrous. Leaves opposite, oblong-rotundate, obscurely sin-
uate, subtruncate at base. «
(Valdivia, in Chili); Fuegia, near Cape Horn.
3. DONATIA ‘Forst.
Mosstike, cespitose herbs, glabrous and fleshy, with short, compact
branches, narrow, alternate, imbricating entire /eaves, and white, solitary,
sessile, terminal flowers, often unisexual. Calyx-fube adnate, bearing a
subulate bractlet and remote subulate segments. /efa/s about 8, linear,
white, inserted on the calyx-tube. Stamens 2-3 (—4) epigynous, extrorse.
Styles 2-3, stigmas globose.
Species 2, one in Tasmania and N. Zeal., the other in S. Chili to Cape
Horn.
D. FASCICULARIS Forst.
Stamens 3, alternating with 3 diverging styles.
(Fig. in Eng. & Prantl, iii. 2a. p. 67, A-C.)
S. Chili; Chonos Archip. Fuegia. ‘Abundant as a dog-Alané, in green
patches, having with it 4cena pumila, Gentiana patagonica or G. gracils,
Drosera unifiora, and Tetroncjum magellanicum.’ ‘ Fruit capsular, rather
fleshy; circumscissile, with few (1-3) globose seeds in each locule.”
(Speg:)
4> tHY DRANGEAS inn:
Shrubs or trees, with opposite, simple /eaves, 4-5-valvate fefals, 8-10
stamens, inferior ovary and capsular fret. Some of the flowers may be
MACLOSKIE: SAXIFRAGACE4. 461
sterile and apetalous, with showy, petaloid calyx-divisions, chiefly in the
margins of the corymbs.
Species 35, Himalayas, E. N. Amer. and S. Amer.
HYDRANGEA INTEGERRIMA (Hook. & Arn. sub Cornidia).
Large tree, with evergreen, coriaceous entire leaves; and no sterile
flowers. Carfels 3, becoming separate ; seeds minute, numerous. Branches
with special involucre.
S. Chili to Chronos Archip.
H. SCANDENS.
Climbing shrub.
W. Patagon. (Dusén.)
5. TRIBELES Phil. (Chalefoa Hook. f.)
Creeping, smooth shrubs, with short leafy branches, and alternate, im-
bricating /eaves, 3-angled at the apex. A/owers small, white, terminating
the branches (solitary or racemose?). efals 5; stamens 5, hypogynous,
anthers globose, extrorse. Carfe/s 3, united in a superior, indehiscent
ovary.
Only 1 species, viz:
T. AUSTRALIS Phil. (Ch. magellanica Hook. f.)
Leaves evergreen, oblong-cuneate, 12 mm. long, a tuft of dry ones at
base of the branchlets, and of green ones at the apex; tip of leaves 3-
toothed.
(S. Chili) ; Patagon., Fuegia to Cape Horn.
7. philippt (Hook. f. sub Chalepoa) is only a synonym of 7: australts.
It differs by the length of the peduncle, which is given as only 6 mm. in
T. australis and as 10-15 mm. in 7: phzlipfi,; but the flowers are nearly
sessile in their early stages. (Franchet.)
This genus once referred to Pittosporaceze is now separated, because of
the absence of resin-ducts, and is placed in Saxifragaceze because of its
likeness to Escafonta. (Engl. & Prantl.)
6.5 ESCALLCONIA’ Linn.
Trees or shrubs with angled branches, and alternate, evergreen /eaves,
and 5-staminate, 1-styled flowers, having a 2—3-celled inferior ovary.
Species 50, in the Andes and S. Brazil.
462 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
Key TO THE SPECIES.
A, Leaves narrow. Flowers chiefly axillary.
6, Leaves linear. Stems procumbent. Racemes long. uliginosa,
' 62. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Branches glabrous. alpina.
63. Leaves small, lanceolate, serrate. Branches winged and ciliate. plerocladon.
64. Leaves small, spatulate-lanceolate, serrulate. Young branchlets angular.
rosea.
A2. Leaves spatulate-obovate. Flowers solitary, terminal.
6. Petals long and narrow. serrata.
62. Petals obovate. Old leafless branches spinelike. virgata.
A3. Leaves elliptic-obovate, crenate-serrate, large. Flowers large. macrantha.
A4. Leaves mostly obovate.
6. Flowers terminal, solitary. Glabrous shrub. berberidifolia.
62. Flowers terminal, in 2—7-flowered racemes, red. rubra.
63. Flowers in terminal panicles, pink. Branches pubescent. littoralis.
64. Flowers few in panicles ; pedicels and calyx glandular, red. rahmert obovata.
65. Flowers crowded on branchlets. Glabrous shrub. carmelita.
1. ESCALLONIA ALPINA Poepp. & Endl.
Undershrub. Branches glabrous. eaves linear-sublanceolate, acumi-
nate both ways, rarely serrate, crowded, 17 by 30 mm. //owers solitary
on short pedicels in the upper axils, aggregate to an ovate vaceme.
Calyx-limb 5-cleft, sinuses obtuse, lobes acute. /efa/s obovate, with
obscure pinnate venation, shortly clawed.
(Mts. of Chili); Patagon.
2. E. BERBERIDIFOLIA H. B. & K.
Glabrous with spreading branches. Leaves obovate, rather obtuse,
crenulate-toothed, reticulately venous. //owers terminal, solitary. Calyx-
fobes entire. Petals subspatulate.
(Andes of Peru, etc.); S. Patagon., by Lago Argentino; Chubut, in
elevated shrubberies.
3. E. CARMELITA Meyen.
Glabrous; profusely branching. Leaves obovate-elliptical, subacute,
serrulate. //owers crowded in small, flowering branchlets. ef¢als oboval,
with long claws. |
(Chili) ; Patagon., Chubut, in mountain shrubberies. Sterile specimens
having ends of branches mostly strobilaceously thickened.
Ane: LITTORALIS Phil.
Stem 5 meters tall, branches erect, the younger pubescent. Leaves
obovate, obtuse or acute, attenuate-petiolate, serrate or subcrenate, res-
MACLOSKIE: SAXIFRAGACEA:. 463
inous-punctate below, or rough on the midrib; 5 cm. long. //owers pink,
in terminal panicles. edzce/s rough-glandular. . Ca/yx dilated, its teeth
short. Petals long-clawed.
N. Patagon., near Valdivia.
5. ESCALLONIA MACRANTHA Hook. & Arn.
Small shrub; the root, stem, and branches eslaudular-pubescent. Leaves
large, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, basi-cuneate, crenate-serrate. //owers large.
Calyx-lobes subulate.
S. Chili to Chonos Archip.
6. E. PTEROCLADON Hook.
Branches high, sinuate-winged, the wings ciliate. Leaves small, coria-
ceous, glabrous, short-petioled, lanceolate-serrulate. Flowers nodding,
in the axils of leaves, forming secund, leafy spikelike vacemes. Pedicels
Short, bracteolate. Calyx-segmenfs triangular-subulate. Claws of Aezals
forming a tube.
Patagon.
7. E. RAHMERI Phil.
Innovation-branches scarcely puberulous, but glandular-rough. Leaves
ovate, petiolate, equally acuminate both ways, very serrate and biserrate,
basally entire; resinous punctate underneath. FPanzcles few-flowered ;
pedicels and calyx very glandular; calyx-/eefh narrow, elongate; feftals
oblong-spatulate, red.
(Chili, Araucania. )
FE. RAHMERI OBOVATA Speg.
Leaves mostly obovate and smaller than in the type.
Chubut, in mountain shrubberies.
8. E. .ROSEA Gris.
Shrub, 2-3 m. high. Branches glabrous, the younger angular, rufous,
spreading, densely leafy. Leaves small, subcoriaceous, glabrous, paler
and veiny underneath, short-petiolate, spatulate-lanceolate, serrulate.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the uppermost leaves, in a simple vaceme.
Pedicels shorter than the calyx, with setaceous 6vacteoles. Petals
464 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
linear-spatulate, 6 times as long as the calyx-limb; their claws forming
a tube.
S. Patagon., valley of Rio Gallegos (Nordenskj.).
g. ESCALLONIA RUBRA Pers.
Glabrous,; branches erect, the younger glandular-villous. Leaves
obovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate, resin-dotted underneath. Peduncles
2—7-flowered, terminal, bracted. Calyx-lobes toothed. Fefals spatulate,
red, only their tips spreading. (Fig. in Engl. & Prantl, ii. 2a, p. 84.)
(Chili; Argentina); Chubut (Speg.); S. and W. Patagon. (C. Reiche
and F. Philippi, Alova de Chile, III, include in &. rubra Pers. 5 Chilian
forms which have been described as separate species, viz., wuzzflora, poep-
pigiana, multiflora, albiflora, glutinosa.)
10. E. SERRATA Smith.
Small glabrous shrub, with clustered eaves, which are obovate or spatu-
late, obtuse, serrate, veinless below, except the midrib. Flowers solitary,
terminal; ca/yx-/odes triangular-acute. efa/s oblong, linguzeform.
Patagon., E. and W. Magell., to Cape Horn.
11. E. uLiGInosA Phil. (O. Ktze. sub Cynoglossum).
Rather glabrous. Stems elongate, procumbent, branching. Leaves
linear, sparsely appressed-setulose. Racemes elongate. Fedicels at
length equalling the hispid calyx. CorvoMa milky, 6 mm. diam.
(Chili, Colchagua. )
12. E. virGATa Pers. (£. stvecta Rem.)
Leaves obovate-spatulate, serrulate. Peduncles subterminal, 1-flowered.
Calyx toothed, the teeth acute, marginally glandular. /efa/s obovate.
The older branches, becoming defoliated, resemble spines.
(Chili); S. Patagon., by Lago Argentino; Cordillera; Chubut, in
mountain shrubberies.
7. RIBES Linn. Gooseberry, Currant.
Shrubs, with alternate, lobed /eaves, and 4-5-merous flowers, the fefals
and 4-5 stamens perigynous. Ovary 1-celled, becoming a Jerry, crowned
by the ersestent calyx. Styles 2, these sometimes branched.
MACLOSKIE: SAXIFRAGACEA. 465
Species 60, from Himalaya by E. Asia and Siberia to W. Amer., and
by the Andes to Patagon. Not native in Australasia.
1. RIBES CUCULLATUM Hook. & Arn.
Unarmed, with glabrous branches. Leaves glabrous, about 5-lobed,
round-reniform, cuneate and cucullate at base, the lobes mutually incum-
bent, acutely incised-lobate. FPefio/e nearly.as long as the leaf. Raceme
scarcely puberulous, axillary, short, few-flowered. Flowers subsessile,
scarcely exceeding the roundish dvacts.
(Chili) ; W. Patagonia, by Rio Aysen (Dusén) ; S. Patagon.
2. R. EBRACTEOLATUM Spach. (R. alpinordes Domb.)
Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong or subrotund, coarsely crenate-serrate or
dentate, deeply 3-lobed, basitruncate or cuneate, or subcordate. Racemes
(sterile) 3-5 cm. long, rather lax; fedrce/s very short, ebracteolate.
Calyx-lobes half as long as the tube. SZy/e subsimple.
Erect shrub, nearly 2 meters high. Peduncles 3 cm. long, with pubes-
cent rachis. &vacts 6-8 mm. long, the lower exceeding the flowers ;
but no dracteoles on the pedicels.
Patagon.
3. R. GLANDULOSUM Ruiz & Pav.
Leaves cordate, obtusely 3-lobed, biserrate, rugose. Racemes short.
Calyx glandular-pubescent.
(Andine region) ; Chubut, in mountain shrubberies.
4. R. LACARENSE Phil.
Leaves with suborbicular laminze (8-9 mm. across), subcuneate, 3-
nerved or trifid, the lobes obovate, 3-toothed, petioles 4-5 mm. long.
Peduncles mostly 3-flowered. Bvacts ovate, orbicular, obtuse, glabrous.
Flowers sessile, small, glabrous. Sepals acute, pink. Berries purple.
Near Lago Blanco, Chubut.
5. R. MAGELLANICUM Porr.
Unarmed, puberulous. Leaves ovate, or broad-ovate-rotundate, trun-
cate at base or cordate, 3-lobed, coarsely biserrate, the younger grandular,
the older smooth, save the nerves underneath. Racemes many-flowered,
466 PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
at first pendulous, elongate and usually erect in fruit. Pedicels short;
bracts ligulate, as long as the flowers. Calyx-/obes obtuse. Pe/a/s small,
reflexed atapex. Serries red, agreeable. (‘‘ Fruit black,”’ Speg.)
Patagon., by Lago Nahuel-huapi; Punta Arenas (J. B. Hatcher) ; over
all Fuegia to Cape Horn. In Chubut a vavety with smaller /eaves, sub-
hastate triangular. (Speg.)
Family 50. Cunonrace&.
Shrubs or trees, with opposite or whorled stipulate eaves and small
flowers in heads or racemes; the flowers mostly perfect, with a hypogy-
nous @sk, and 5- rarely 4-merous ca/yx and corolla; stamens mostly
twice as many and perigynous, on a disk. Carfels few, mostly 2. /vuit
usually a 2-lobed capsule. Seeds numerous, in 2 ranks, sometimes hairy
or winged. L7déryo small, in large endosperm.
Species 120, chiefly in the Southern hemisphere. Wezumannia and
its relatives, having woolly seeds which are carried in birds’ feathers, are
widely dispersed in places south of the equator. The others are confined
to a narrow region; as New Caledonia, and E. Australia. The Brazilian
genus Belangera is closely allied to the Malay-Caledonian Ge¢ssozs (Engler).
In this last case the migration must have been toward Brazil.
PATAGONIAN GENERA.
Low trees with small white flowers.
a. Racemose. Calyx-lobes imbricate. Seeds hairy. Leaves odd-pinnate. 1. Wetnmannia,
aa, Panicled. Calyx-lobes valvate. Seed-coat membranaceous. Leaves simple.
2. Caldcluvia,
1. WEINMANNIA Linn. (1759). (Windmanunia P. Br., 1756.).
Leaves opposite, coriaceous, petiolate, simple or trifoliolate, or pinnate,
with the leaflets glandular-serrate, and the rachis often winged. S#pules
deciduous. Simple vacemes of small, white flowers, hermaphrodite or
polygamo-dicecious. Calyx-tube short, its lobes imbricate. Seeds mostly
with hairs, sometimes woolly.
Species 70, trop. and subtrop., of S. Amer., with solitary species in
Austral., N. Zeal., the Mascarene and Pacific Is.
W. TRICHOSPERMA Cav.
A low tree, with odd-pinnate /eaves; leaflets 5-6 pairs, oblong-serrate ;
rachis with semirhomboid wengs. Stpules ovate, deciduous. Racemes
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL VIII.
EN)
SORE
rE
Ly
PRIMEVA
Be
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF “PLATE LY.
PAGE
BLEPHAROSTOMA PILOSUM Evans. : : ; : . § . 45
Fig. 1. Plants (X 3).
Fig. 2. Part of stem, antical view (X 50).
Fig.o3t7 Leal (2650),
Fig. 4. Leaf subtending branch (X 50).
Fig. 5. Underleaf (X 50).
Fig. 6. Cells from middle of leaf (X 440).
BLEPHAROSTOMA QUADRIPARTITUM (Hook.) Trevis. : : , : ‘ 46
Fig. 7. Leaf (X 50).
Fig. 8. Perichztial bract (X 50).
(VOL. vil1)
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VII. PLATE TV.
‘
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PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OB PLEA TESAY.
PAGE
JUNGERMANNIA HATCHERI Evans . : d : : : ‘ : : 45
Fig. 1. Plant (X §).
Fig. 2. Part of gemmiparous stem, antical view (X 20).
Figsi3, 4, Leavesi.4 tna)
Figs. 5, 6. Underleaves (X 28).
Fig. 7. Cells from middle of leaf (X 250).
JUNGERMANNIA PROPAGULIFERA Gottsche. ; : : , : 46
Fig. 8. Plants, natural size.
Fig. 9. Part of stem with male and female inflorescence, antical view
(X 20).
Fig. 10. Part of stem, with perianth, antical view (X 16).
ignite beat ico)
Fig. 12. Cells from middle of leaf (x 250).
Figs. 13, 14. Innermost perichetial bracts, 13 with connate bracteole
(X 16). :
Fig. 15. Bract of next outer row (X 16).
Figs. 16, 17. Perigonial bracts (X 16): 13-17 from one inflorescence.
Fig. 18. Innermost perichetial bracts with connate bracteole between |
them, from another inflorescence (X 16).
(VoL. viiz)
PLATE V.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIII.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPCANATION OF SPL lay
PrLaciocHILA ANSATA Hook. f. & Tayl. .
Fig. 1. Plants, natural size.
Fig. 2. Part of stem, with perianth, lateral view (X 15).
Fig. 3. Part of sterile stem, lateral view (X 15).
Fig. 4. Cells from middle of leaf (x 290).
Figs. 5, 6, 7. Bracts, in regular order from perianth (X 15).
Fig. 8. Transverse section of perianth (xX 18).
Fig. 9. Teeth from mouth of perianth (X 290).
TYLIMANTHUS ANDERSSONII (Angstr.) Evans. .
Fig. 10.
Figs Lt:
Pigei 2
Figea3.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Plants, natural size.
Sterile stem, postical view (X 12).
Female stem with two young sacs (X 12).
Female stem, with mature sac (X 12).
Male stem, antical view (xX 12).
Cells from middle of leaf (X 220).
Figs. 16, 17, 18. Perichztial bracts (X 12).
Fig. 19.
Perigonial bract (X 14).
(VOL. vilr)
PAGE
54
56
ter, Frankfort2M., lith.
PLATE Vi.
& Win
Werner
_PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOLVII.
A.W. Evans del.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
PAGE
ANISOTHECIUM PERPUSILLUM Dusén, n. s. 3 : : : : : ‘ 66
Fig. 1. Planta (X 2).
Fig. 2. Dentes peristomii (defectivi) (X 175).
DICRANOWEISIA PERPULVINATA Dusén, n.s.. ; , , : : 67
Fig. 3. Planta (x 2).
Fig. 4. Pars peristomii (X 250).
DICRANUM CIRRHIFOLIUM Schpr. . : : : : ’ : ; : 69
Fig. 5. Planta siccitate, mag. nat.
Fig. 6. Planta humiditate, mag. nat.
Fig. 7. Pars peristomii (X 175).
(VOL. ViI1)
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIIL. . ) PLATE VIL.
ee ee.
———— lhe
A.Eckblam del Nerner & Winter, Frankfort M., lith
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PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPCANATION “Ol sbi ry Lie
PAGE
DiIcRANUM SCABERRIMUM Dusén. . : : : ; : : : ; 70
Fig. 1. Planta, mag. nat.
DICRANUM DICRANELLATUM Dusén, n. s. : : , : ‘ : 74
Fig. 2. Plante, .mag. nat.
Fig. 3. Dentes peristomii (x 175).
BARBULA PERRUBIGINOSA Dusén,n.s._ . ; ; : ; : , ; 75
Fig. 4. Planta, mag. nat.
GRIMMIA FALLAX Dusén. : : 4 . : : : “ 77
Fig. 5. Plante (xX 2).
Fig. 6. Pars peristomii (X 125).
GRIMMIA MACROPULVINATA Dusén, n. s. . : ; : ; : ; , 78
Fig. 7. Plante (x 4).
ORTHOTRICHUM MACLOSKII Dusén, n. s. . ; F , ; : ae 80
Fig. 8. Planta ( x 8).
Fig. 9. Pars peristomii ( x 200).
Fig. 10. Theca calyptrata juventute ( x 18).
Fig. 11. Theca deoperculata siccitate ( x 18).
(VOL. vit!)
’ PLATE VIII.
FATAG ONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOLMII.
ankfort?M.., lith
Werner & Winter,
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PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
ORTHOTRICHUM compactuM Dusen, n. s.
Fig. 1. Planta (X 3).
Fig. 2. Capsula siccitate (X 35).
Fig. 3. Pars peristomii (X 285).
ULora. HAMATA Dusén, n. s. .
Fig. 4. Planta (X 4).
MACROMITRIUM BIFASCICULARE C, Muell.
Fig. 5. Planta, mag. nat.
ZYGODON CURVICAULIS Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 6. Planta siccitate (X 10).
Fig. 7. Planta humiditate (xX 2).
ZYGODON HATCHERI Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 8. Planta humiditate, mag. nat.
Fig. 9. Planta siccitate ( X 2).
LEPTOBRYUM POTTIACEUM Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 10. Planta fem., mag. nat.
Fig. 11. Planta masc., mag. nat.
Fig. 12. Pars peristomii (X 87).
BRYUM LAMPROCHATE Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 13. Planta, mag. nat.
Fig. 14. Pars endostomii (X 175).
Fig. 15. Dens peristomii a latere visus (X 200).
(VoL. vit)
.
PAGE
8I
82
83
84
86
87
89
A.EcKblom del Werner & Winter, Frankfort M., lith
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
BryuM VERNICOsUM Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 1.° Planta, mag. nat.
Fig. 2. Pars endostomii (X 200).
BRYUM RIGOCHATE Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 3. Plata, mag. nat.
Fig. 4. Pars exostomii (X 285).
BrRYUM HATCHERI Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 5. Planta, mag. nat.
Fig. 6. Pars exostomii (x 200).
WEBERA LONCHOCHATE Dusén, n. s.
Fig. 7, Planta, mag. nat.
Fig. 8. Pars exostomii (X 175).
Fig. 9. Pars endostomii (X 175).
(VOL. viir)
PAGE
g2
94
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VIIL.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS : BOTANY.
EXRUEANATION»S Ob Leia
PAGE
MEESIA PATAGONICA Dusén, n.s. . ; ; ; : 95
Figs 1 Planta. (9 3);
PLAGIOTHECIUM LEPTOPLUMOSUM Dusén, 0. s.. $ ; a
Fig. 3. Planta, mag. nat.
Fig. 4. Pars peristomii ( xX 125).
Fig. 5. Pars endostomii ( x 175).
SCIAROMIUM DEPASTUM Dusén, n. s. ; ; ; i eed
Fig. 2. Planta, mag. nat.
SCIAROMIUM GRACILE Dusén, n. s. . ; : : ; : : : ; 102
Fig. 6. Planta, mag. nat.
Hypnum PERPLICATUM Dusen, n. s. é ’ ; . ee
Fig. 7. Planta, mag. nat.
(VoL. vrit)
PLATE XI.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL.VII.
ZZ SK
SSS ——Z") we ;
4,
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Serta =
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ZIDAITIO LA Lee SNK ES DIS 37777177 Yeas
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SSS NS yy Kee
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LALO PERLE: Va i SS 7
rt3M., lith
N
del.
A.EckbJoni
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OFS PUAGE xi)
PAGE
CAREX PATAGONICA Spegazzini : : : . 285
The central figure gives the Taal ahi of Evel size.
On the right, above, are two young plants, slightly magnified.
ad, andrecium on the staminal scale.
/, 2, two young leaves, their sheathing bases and short lamine.
s, seed (achene) with its 3-branched style. To its left is seen the utricle
enclosing the seed.
sa, superior aspect of seed (achene).
sp, female spike, with its bracts and scales.
str, sty, cross-sections of young and maturing seeds.
su, superior aspect of utricle.
Figures ad-su are all magnified.
(VOL. v1)
West, Newman imp.
PEATE, Sav
See =
=
te —
Bass — Se
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL. VII.
F.v.Iterson del., J N Fitch lith.
CAREX PATAGONICA (Speg.)
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES xiii
PAGE
PHILESIA BUXIFOLIA Lamarck . 309
The central figure gives the general habit, of natural size.
ad, andrecium, enclosing the apex of the style.
S, fruit.
26, leaf and bracts.
ov, ovule.
ovs, Ovary in transverse section.
¢p, an inner tepal; beside it is one of the small outer tepals.
(ov and ovs are slightly magnified.)
(VOL. VIII)
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL. VII. PRAT ae
F. v.Iterson del.,J.N.Fitch lith. ~ West, Newman imp.
PHILESIA BUXIFOLIA, Lam.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.
Species of MyzopENDRON
General figure shows the dations Mijsadenioon eae ey Lyon Maree
on a branch of the Southern deciduous Beech (Wothofagus antare-
fica, Forst., Blume); of natural size.
6, a branch of MW. brachystachyon, slightly magnified.
/, its fruit, magnified.
m, one of its nodes, slightly magnified.
B, Fragment of a branch of Myzodendron punctulatum (Banks) Sol.
(VoL. vi11)
PAGE
Fe
338
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL. VII. PLATE XIV.
¥F.v.Iterson del., JN.Fitch kth. West, Newman imp.
MYZODENDRON BRACHYSTACHYUM, DC, on Nothofagus antarctica. (Forst.)
B, branch of M. punctulatum, B bS.
re alc a 2
ce
iid eee G.2
My eee
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPEANATIONS OF SPA ie y=
PAGE
BERBERIS VIRGATA Ruiz & Pav. . : : : E : ; : : 418
The central figure gives the general habit ; of natural size.
eé, flower, two sepals removed.
Sj
d,
Ui,
ou,
Pp;
Se,
Sp,
sta,
flower, opened.
leafy bracts enclosing the flower.
leaf-insertion.
ovary, longitudinal section.
petal.
seed-vessel, transverse section.
sepal.
stamens.
(VOL. VIII)
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. VII
\ Pv. Iterson del. J.N-Fitch ith
BERBERIS VIRGATA, R&P
Cia ine Vi
West, Newman imp.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI
HAMADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES Sprague.
The central figure gives the general habit; ai jane size.
d, fruit-head, magnified.
tf, flower, natural size and magnified.
Z, leaf; ¢c, sheathing leaves ; //, leaf-bud.
Ov,
DP;
Sp,
ovules.
petals.
sepals.
The latter figures are all magnified.
ARJONA TUBEROSA LANATA, N. var. .
The two upper figures show the shenir: het of two eset of
natural size. The other figures are magnified.
a, andrecium, on the throat of the calyx-tube.
an, anthers.
6, bract ; da, inner bract.
éy, bulbous root.
J, flower.
z, insertion of flower amidithe bracts, which are moved apart.
Z, leaves. +
sc, cross-section of seed-vessel.
To right of a, the gynecium ; to the left of a, the ovary in longitudinal
section showing the seed. To the left of 4, a lateral view of the bracted
flower.
(VOL. VIII)
PAGE
414
PAGE
342
PLATE XVI.
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. VII.
fs cee a
West, Newman mp.
Fv. Iterson del., J.N. Fitch hth.
ARJONA TUBEROSA LANATA.
HAMADRYAS SEMPERVIVOIDES (Sprague)
mie
~
ee
— We ie a by
c= a? : Ay
peat
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION+OF PLATE XVII:
HEXAPTERA NORDENSKJOLDI Dusén ; ; ;
The central figure shows the general habit ; oi natural size.
co, cross-section of ovary.
es, essential organs of the flower.
J, flower, general view.
Jr, fruit.
, leaves.
ov, embryo, side view, and cross-section.
Pp, petal.
s, sepals, their inner and lateral aspect.
sd, seed, The latter figures are all magnified.
(VOL. VIII)
PAGE
425
PLATE XVIL
PATAGGNIAN EXPEDITIONS VOL. VII.
West, Newman imp
_ F.v.Herson del. JN Fitch lith,
HEXAPTERA NORDENSKJOLDII, Dus.
.
.
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PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS: BOTANY.
EXPLANATION: OR SECA Ea evVili
PAGE
A, DRABA MAGELLANICA Lamarck : ; : 445
. Above in the center is shown the general habit; bor natural size; and on the
left a specimen in fruit.
ff, flower.
£, gynecium.
h, hairs.
p, petal. -
sp, sepals. All these are magnified.
PAGE
B. DRABA HATCHERIANA Gilg, n. sp... 444
The:central figure shows the general mane Af natural SIZe ; ate is a flower-
bearing branch, slightly magnified.
e, essential organs. ‘
J, flower.
p, petal.
sp, sepals. All these are magnified.
(VOL. VIII)
PLATE XVIIL
PATAGONIAN EXPEDITIONS, VOL. VIL
<J
Cai
West, Newman imp.
F v. lterson del. J.N. Fitch hth.
A.DRABA MAGELLANICA. Laz.
DICE GIONS POR wn reBINDER (VOLE AVIIL)
Plates II-III (map of Patagonia) may be prefixed to the title-page; the
other plates at the end of the volume, or of its divisions.
For the purpose of binding in two divisions, two sets of the title-page
are sent (marked Vol. VIII, 1, and Vol. VIII, 2, respectively). We
would recommend the first half to end with page 466, and to contain
Plates I to XVIII.
Insert sheet of Errata to Part I, after page 34; and Errata to Part III,
after page 104. ~~
The Explanation of Plate XXX sent herewith should replace that sent
out with the final part of the volume.
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