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THE 

REPRESENTATION 


OF 


THE   PEOPLE  ACT,   1918 


WITH 

EXPLANATORY  NOTES. 


BY 

SIR   HUGH    FRASER,    LL.D., 

A  BENCHER   OF  THE   INNER  TEMPLE  ; 
AUTHOR  OF   "  THE  LAW  OP  PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  AND  ELECTION  PETITIONS." 


LONDON : 

SWEET  AND   MAXWELL,  LIMITED, 
3,  CHANCERY  LANE,  W.C.  2. 

1918. 


PREFACE. 


IN  this  book  the  whole  of  the  Representation 
of  the  People  Act,  1918,  is  set  out  verbatim. 
The  provisions  of  the  sections  are  fully  dealt 
with  in  the  explanatory  Notes  which  follow  them. 
The  various  parts  of  the  sections  commented  on 
and  explained  in  the  Notes  are  printed  in  promi- 
nent type  so  that  the  reader  may  have  no 
difficulty  in  finding  in  the  Note  to  a  particular 
section  that  part  of  the  section  in  regard  to  which 
he  wishes  for  guidance. 

In  some  of  the  more  important  sections,  par- 
ticularly in  Part  I.,  which  deals  with  "  Fran- 
chises," it  has  been  thought  more  convenient 
and  helpful  to  the  reader  to  deal  with  the 
subject  in  the  form  of  propositions  which  state 
shortly  the  requirements  of  the  section  dealt 
with.  Questions  of  difficulty  will  undoubtedly 
arise  as  to  the  interpretation  of  the  language  of 
some  of  the  sections,  and  it  has  been  thought 
advisable  and  indeed  necessary  to  refer  to  the 
decisions  of  the  Courts  as  to  the  meaning  of 

a  (2) 

414967 


IV  PREFACE. 

similar  language  in  former  statutes  relating  to 
the  franchise,  although  such  statutes  are  now 
repealed. 

It  has  been  thought  useful  to  deal  in  some 
detail  with  the  method  and  costs  of  elections  and 
with  corrupt  and  illegal  practices,  all  of  which 
subjects  are  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  affected 
by  the  present  Act. 

Appended  to  the  Registration  Rules  will  be 
found  footnotes  where  it  was  thought  that  such 
footnotes  would  be  useful,  and  in  writing  the 
Notes  to  the  sections  of  the  Act  the  Author  has 
endeavoured  to  keep  in  view  the  duties  and 
difficulties  of  the  registration  officer. 

In  the  Introduction  will  be  found  a  short 
survey  of  the  progressive  reforms  in  Parlia- 
mentary representation  introduced  by  and  since 
the  Reform  Act,  1832,  together  with  a  summary 
of  the  far-reaching  changes  introduced  by  the 
present  Act. 

The  Appendices  contain,  in  addition  to  the 
County  Court  Rules,  Supreme  Court  Rules,  and 
Statutes  bearing  on  the  subject,  the  Orders  in 
Council  made  under  the  Act,  and  Directions  of 
the  Local  Government  Board  to  registration 
officers,  so  far  as  such  Orders  and  Directions 
were  available  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press, 
and  it  has  been  thought  desirable,  as  a  matter 


PREFACE.  V 

of   historical  interest,   to  include  the  Report  of 
the  Speaker's  Conference. 

I  wish  to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  my 
learned  friend,  Mr.  ALEXANDER  P.  FAOHIRI, 
Barrister-at-Law,  for  most  valuable  assistance  in 
the  preparation  of  the  work  and  for  many  useful 
suggestions.  I  have  also  to  thank  Mr.  H.  F. 
OLDMAN  for  his  kindness  in  reading  through  the 
proofs  as  they  were  passing  through  the  press, 
and  for  giving  rne  the  benefit  of  his  wide  practical 
experience  of  the  subjects  dealt  with  in  this  book, 
and  particularly  of  registration. 

H.  F. 

1,  BRICK  COURT,  TEMPLE,  E.G. 
4th  July,  1918. 


(     vii     ) 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

TABLE  OF  OASES xi 

LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS  xix 

INTRODUCTION .  xxiii 


PAET  I. 

FRANCHISES. 
SECTION 

1.  Parliamentary  franchises   (men) 1 

2.  University  franchise  (men)  37 

3.  Local  Government  franchise  (men)  40 

4.  Franchises  (women) 63 

5.  Special  provisions  for  persons  serving  on  war' service. ..  76 

6.  Qualifying  period  94 

7 .  Supplemental  provisions  as  to  residence  and  occupation  .  98 

8.  Eight  of  person  registered  to  vote  100 

9.  Provisions  as  to  disqualifications  112 

10.  Provision   as  to  qualification  of  councillor   123 


PAET  II. 

EEGISTRATION. 

11.  Spring  and  autumn  registers  125 

12.  Eegistration  officers  and  areas  130 

13.  Eegistration  duties  ._ 133 

14.  Appeals  134 

15.  Expenses   of  registration  139 

16.  Special  provisions  with  respect  to  urban  districts  and 
London  145 

17.  Special  provision  as  to  registration  of  freemen,  &c....  147 

18.  Compensation  to  existing  officers  148 

19.  Eegister  for  university  constituencies  153 


CONTENTS. 


PART  III. 

METHOD  AND  COSTS  OF  ELECTIONS. 
SECTION  PAGE 

20.  Proportional  representation  in  certain  university  con- 
stituencies, and  certain  other  constituencies,  if  scheme 

for  selection  is  approved  ..........................................  155 

21.  Polls  to  be  held  on  one  day  at  a  general  election,  &c....  161 

22.  Penalty  for  voting  at  a  general  election  in  more  con- 
stituencies than  allowed  .............................................  164 

23.  Voting  by   absent  voters   ..........................................  172 

24.  Voting  by  persons  in  the  employment    of    returning 
officers  ......................................................................  203 

25.  Eight  to  the  use  of  elementary  schools  .....................  204 

26.  Deposit  by  candidates  at  parliamentary  elections  ......  207 

27.  Forfeiture  of  deposit  in   certain  cases   .....................  208 

28.  Returning  officers  ......................................................  211 

29.  Payment  of  returning  officers'  expenses  by  Treasury...  214 

30.  Discharge  of  returning  officers'   duties  by   an   acting 
returning  officer  ........................................  .  ...............  ,  217 

31.  Division  of  constituency  into  polling  districts,  and  ap- 
pointment of  polling  places  .......................................  220 

32.  Place  of  election  ......................................................  223 

33.  Scale  of  election  expenses   .......................................  223 

34.  Expenses   incurred  by  unauthorised  persons  ............  269 

35.  Certain  Acts  to  have  permanent  effect  .....................  278 

36.  Conduct  of  elections  for  university  constituencies  ......  279 


PART  IV. 

REDISTRIBUTION  OF  SEATS. 
37.  Redistribution  of  seats  ..  282 


PART  V. 
GENERAL. 

38.  Punishment  of  offences  committed  outside  the  United 
Kingdom  283 

39.  Re-arrangement  of  polling  districts  to  suit  new  con- 
stituencies       303 

40.  Regulations  to  be  laid  before  Parliament  304 

41.  Interpretation  305 


CONTENTS.  IX 
PART  V. — continued. 

SECTION  PAGE 

42.  Adaptation  of  Acts  308 

43.  Application  to  Scotland  309 

44.  Application  to  Ireland 326 

45.  Application  of  Act  to  the  Isles  of  Scilly 335 

46.  Commencement  of  Act  and  first  register  336 

47.  Repeal  and  short  title  337 


SCHEDULES. 

."First  Schedule — Registration  Rules  339 

Second  Schedule— Modifications   of    the    Ballot   Act,  1872 

(First  Schedule)   357 

Third  Schedule — Provisions  as  to  Voting  by  Proxy  359 

Eourth  Schedule — Provisions  to  be  substituted  for  Part  IV. 
of  the  Eirst  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  and  for  paragraph  (3)  of  Part  V.  of  the  same 

Schedule  363 

Fifth  Schedule — Part  I. — Provisions  as  to  University  Elec- 
tions other  than  Scottish  University  Elections  364 

Part    II. — Provisions     as     to     Scottish     University 

Elections   373 

Sixth   Schedule—Adaptation  of  Acts   386 

Seventh  Schedule — Returning  Officers  for  Scottish  Con- 
stituencies situated  in  more  than  one  SherifEdom  391 

Eighth  Schedule — Enactments  Repealed  391 

Ninth  Schedule — Redistribution  of  Seats  .  403 


Appendix    I. — Orders    in    Council,    Directions    of    Local 

Government  Board,  &c 555 

Appendix  II. — County    Court    Rules    and    Eules    of    the 

Supreme  Court  636 

Appendix  III. — Statutes 672 

Appendix  IV.— Draft  Rules  as  to  Proportional  Representa- 
tion       718 

Appendix  V. — Report  of  the  Speaker's  Conference  737 

Appendix  VI.  (Supplementary  to  Appendix  I.)— Additional 

Orders  in  Council 747 


INDEX. 


XI 


TABLE  OF  CASES. 


ief  facts  of  the  case  are  set  out  on  the  pages  in  the  text 
which  in  this  table  are  in  heavy  type,'] 


PAGE 

Adams  v.  Ford  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  D.  239;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B.  13; 

49  J.  P.  711;  53  L.  T.  666;  34  W.  E.  64;  Colt.  403...  54 
Aitchison  v.  Lothian  (1890),  18  Ct.  of  Sess.  Oases  (4tli 

Series),  337 55 

Allan  v.  Liverpool:  Inman  v.  Kirkdale  (1874),  L.  E.  9  Q.  B. 

180;  43  L.  J.  M.  0.  69;  30  L.  T.  93;  22  W.  E.  330...  58 
Allchurch  v.  Hendon  Union,  (1891)  2  Q.  B.  436;  61  L.  J. 

M.  0.  27,  65,  450;  40  W.  E.  86  21,  51 

Anekeiill  v.  Baylis  (1882),  10  Q.  B.  D.  577;  52  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

HJ4;  48  L.  T.  342;  31  W.  E.  233;  Colt.  289;   S.  0., 

sub  nom.  Ancketill  v.  Roberts,  46  J.  P.  791  58 


Banbury  (1797),  Heywood,  318 , 5 

Barlow  v.  Smith  (1892),  Fox  &  S.  293 11 

Barnett  v.  Hickmott,  (1895)  1  Q.  B.  691;  64  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

407;  72  L.  T.  236;  43  W.  E.  284;  Eox  &  S.  412  52 

Barrow-in-Furness  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  76 238,  241,  263 

Beal  v.  Ford  (1877),  3  C.  P.  D.  73;  42  J.  P.  119;  47  L.  J. 

0.  P.  56;  37  L.  T.  408;  26  W.  E.  146;  2  Hop.  &  C, 

374  12 

Beal  v.  Town  Clerk  of  Exeter  (1887),  20  Q.  B.  D.  300;  57 

L.  J.  Q.  B.  128;  58  L.  T.  407;  36  W.  E.  507;  Scott 

Fox,  31  15 

Beauchamp  (Earl  of)  v.  Overseers  of  Madresfield  (1872), 

L.  E.  8  0.  P.  245;   37  J.  P.  39;   42  L.  J.  C.  P.  32; 

27  L.  T.  606;  21  W.  E.  124;  2  Hop.  &  C.  41  5,42,68 

Bedford  (1833),  0.  &  E.  98  5 

Bedfordshire  (1785),  Burgess's  Case,  2  Lud.  E.  C.  567  ...  5 
Berwick-on-Tweed  (1880),  3  O.  &  H.  219  197 


Xll  TABLE  OF  CASES. 

PAGB 

Bond  v.  Overseers  of  St.  George's,  Hanover  Square  (1870), 
L.  E.  6  0.  P.  312;  35  J.  P.  88;  40  L.  J.  C.  P.  47;  23 
L.  T.  494;  19  W.  E.  101;  Hop.  &  0.  427 14 

Boon  v.  Howard  (1874),  L.  E.  9  0.  P.  277;  38  J.  P.  678; 
43  L.  J.  C.  P.  115;  30  L.  T.  382;  22  W.  E.  535;  2 
Hop.  &  C.  208  21,  50 

Bowden  v.  Besley  (1888),  21  Q.  B.  D.  309;  59  L.  T.  219;  57 

L.  J.  Q.  B.  473;  36  W.  E.  889;  52  J.  P.  536  266 

Bridgwater  (1803),  1  Peck,  108  : 5 

Bristol  (Marquis  of)  v.  Beck  (1907),  96  L.  T.  55;  71  J.  P. 

99;  23  T.  L.  E.  224  5 

British  Industry  Life  Assurance  Co.  v.  Ward  (1856),  17 

C.  B.  644 138 

Buckrose  (1.886),  4  O.  &  H.  110 191,  193 

Burgoyne  v.  Collins,  8  Q.  B.  D.  450;  51  L.  J.  Q.  B.  335;  30 

W.  E.  923;  46  J.  P.  390  266 

Campbell  v.  Morris  (1895),  23  Ct.  of  Sess.  Gas.  (4th  Series) 

118 52 

Cawley  v.  Furnell  (1851),  12  C.  B.  291;  20  L.  J.  0.  P. 

197;  15  Jur.  908  138 

Chorlton  v.  Lings  (1868),  L.  E.  4  0.  P.  374;  32  J.  P.  824; 

38  L.  J.  C.  P.  25;    19  L.  T.  534;   17  W.  E.  284;   1 

Hop.  &C.  1 68 

Oirencester  (1893),  4  O.  &  H.  196  187,  195 

Clutterbuck  v.  Taylor,  (1896)  1  Q.  B.  395;  60  J.  P.  278;  65 

L.  J.   Q.  B/314;   74  L.  T.   177;   44  W.  E.  531;    12 

T.  L.  E.  235;  1  Smith  Eeg.  59,  61  53 

Oockermouth  (1901),  5  0.  &  H.  156 262,  274 

Cox  v.  Davies,  (1898)  2  Q.  B.  202;  67  L.  J.  Q.  B.  95;  14 

T.  L.  E.  427 • 266 

Cook  v.  Humber  (1861),  11  C.  B.  (N.  S.)  40;  31  L.  J.  0.  P. 

73;  5  L.  T.  838;  10  W.  E.  427;  8  Jur.  (N.  S.)  698; 

K.  &  G.  413  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,  25, 

37,  46,  49,  51,  59 
Cook  v.  Butler  (1872),  L.  E.  8  C.  P.  256;  37  J.  P.  133; 

42  L.  J.   C.   P.   25;    27  L.   T.   548;    21   W.  E.   73;  2 

Hop.  &  C.  22  30 

Gory  v.  Bristow  (1877),  2  App.  Gas.  27;  46  L.  J.  M.  0. 

273;  36  L.  T.  595;  25  W.  E.  283 58 

Cuthbertson  v.  Parsons  (1852),  12  0.  B.  304;  21  L.  J.  C.  P. 

165;   16  Jur.  360  138 


TABLE  OF  CASES.  Xlll 

PAGE 

Daniel  v.  Coulsting  (1845),  7  M.  &  G.  122;  14  L.  J.  C.  P. 

70;  8  Sco.  N.  E.  949;  9  Jur.  258;  1  Lut.  E.  0.  230; 

Bar.  &  Arn.  380  2£ 

Dodds  v.  South  Shields  Union,  (1895)  2  Q.  B.  133;  64  L.  J. 

Q.  B.  508;  72  L.  T.  645;  59  J.  P.  452;  43  W.  E.  572; 

14E.  422 31 

Donoghue  v.  Brook  (1887),  57  L,  J.  Q.  B.  122;  58  L.  T. 

411;  Scott  Fox,  100 56 

Douglas  v.  Smith,  (1907)  1  K.  B.  126;  23  T.  L.  E.  612  ...  59 
Dover  v.  Prosser,  (1904)  1  K.  B.  84;  68  J.  B.  37;  73  L.J. 

K.  B.  13;  89  L,  T.  724;  52  W.  E.  140;  1  Smith  Eeg. 

313  55 

Downing  v.  Luckett  (1847),  5  0.  B.  40;  17  L.  J.  C.  P. 

31;  10  L.  T.  (0.  S.)  264;  11  Jur.  993;   2  Lut.  E.  C. 

33  2T 

Duffy  v.  Chambers  (1889),  L,  E.  Ir.  100  56 

% 

Bast  Dorset  (1910),  6  O.  &  H.  39  242,  249,  273,  27T 

Elgin  &  Nairn  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  13  234,  243,  244,  248 

Exeter  (1911),  6  O.  &  H.  232  186,  194,  198 

Falconer  v.  Dunlop  (1890),  W.  N.  (1897)  124;  18  Ct.  of 

Sess.  Oas.  (4th  Series)  342  14 

Furguson  v.  Black  (1889),  26  L.  E.  Ir.  100 56 

Finsbury  (1892),  4  O.  &  H.  176  239 

Ford  v.  Barnes  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  D.  257;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

25;  Colt.  397  56 

Ford  v.  Drew  (1879),  5  0.  P.  D.  59;  44  J.  P.  58;  49  L.  J. 

0.  P.  172;  41  L,  T.  478;  28  W.  E.  137;  1  Colt.  1 15 

Ford  v.  Hart  (1873),  L.  E.  9  0.  P.  273;  38  J.  P.  216; 
43  L,  J.  C.  P.  24;  29  L.  T.  685;  22  W.  E.  159;  2 
Hop.  &  0.  167  15 

Ford  v.  Pye  (1873),  L.  E.  9  0.  P.  269;  38  J.  P.  136;  43 
L.  J.  0.  P.  21;  29  L.  T.  684;  22  W.  E.  159;  2 
Hop.  &  0.  157  15 

Gledhill  v.  Orowther  (1889),  23  Q.  B.  D.  136;   58  L.  J. 

Q.  B.  327;  60  L.  T.  866;  53  J.  P.  677  267 

Great  Northern  Eailway  Co.  v,  "Eimel  (1856),  18  0.  B. 

575 138 

Great  Yarmouth  (1906),  5  0.  &  H.  193 249,  253,  254,  273 


XIV  TABLE  OF  CASKS. 

PAGE 

Haggerston  (1893),  5  O.  &  H.  72 250 

Harford  v.  Linskey,  (1899)  1  Q.  B.  852;  58  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

599;  80  L.  T.  417;  63  J.  P.  263;  15  T.  L.  E.  306 269 

Harmon  v.  Park  (1881),  7  Q.  B.  D.  769;  50  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

725;  45  L.  T.  174;  45  J.  P.  174  266 

Harris  v.  Amery  (1865),  L.  B,  1  0.  P.  148;  35  L.  J.  0.  P. 

89;   13  L.  T.   (N.  S.)   504;    14  W.  E.   199;   12  Jur. 

(N.  S.)  165;  Hop.  &  Ph.  294 35,  57 

Haswell  v.  Stewart  (1874),  1  Ct,  of  Sess.  Oas.  925,  231  ...  190 
Hayward  v.  Scott  (1879),  5  C.  P.  D.  231;  44  J.  P.  122; 

49  L.  J.  0.  P.  167;  28  W.  E.  988;  1  Oolt.  76  4 

Heath  v.  Haynes  (1857),  3  0.  P.  (N.  S.)  389;  27  L.  J. 

C.  P.  50;   30  L.  T.  (0.  S.)  134;   6  W.  E.  52;   4  Jur. 

(N.  S.)  664;  K.  &  Gk  99  47 

Henrette  v.  Booth  (1863),  15  0.  B.  (N.  S.)  500;  28  J.  P. 

120;  33  L.  J.  0,  P.  61;  9  L.  T.  392;  12  W.  E.  173; 

9  Jur.  (N.  S.)  1293;  Hop.  &  Ph.  23  ...17,  18,  22,  49,  51 
Holland  v.  Chambers,  Devine's  Case,  (1894)  2  I.  E.  442... 28,  46 
Holland  v.  Chambers,  John  Doherty's  Case,  (1894)  2  I.  E. 

285 47 

Howes  v.  Turner  (1876),  1  0.  P.  D.  670;  45  L.  J.  0.  P. 

550;    35  L,    T.   58   269 

Inman  v.   Kirkdale   (1874),  L.    E.    Q.   B.    180;    43  L.   J. 

M.  C.  69;  30  L.  T.  93;  22  W.  E.  330  58 

Ipswich  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  74 241 

Isaacson  v.  Durant  (1886),  17  Q.  B.  D.  54;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

331;   54  L.  T.  684;   34  W.  E.  527  5 

.Jones  v.  Pritchard  (1868),  L.  E.  4  C.  P.  414;  33  J.  P. 
118;  38  L.  J.  C.  P.  67;  19  L.  T.  563;  17  W.  E.  175; 
1  Hop.  &  C.  91  57 

Keith  v.  Twentieth  Century  Club  (1904),  90  L.  T.   775  ...       58 

Kennington  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  93  258 

Kontr.  Fittall  (No.  1),  (1906)  1  K.  B.  60;  69  J.  P.  428; 
75  L.  J.  K.  B.  310;  94  L.  T.  76;  54  W.  E.  225;  1 
Smith  Eog.  417  54,  58..  59,  70 

Lancaster  (1896),  5  O.  &  H.  45  247 

Law  Exporting  Council,   Re  (1888),  22  Q.   B.  D.   291  ...       35 


TABLE  OF  CASES.  XV 

PAGE 

Lichfield  (1895),  5  O.  &  H.  28  236,  246,  259 

Londonderry   (1886),  4  0.   &  H.   96  4 

M'Quade  v.  Charlton,  (1904)  2  I.  E.  383 53 

Mackay  v.  McGhiire,  (1891)  1  Q.  B.  250;  55  J.  P.  214;  60 

L.   J.   Q.    B.   24;    64   L.    T.    83;    39  W.   B.    109;    7 

T.  L.  R.  55;  Fox,  201  48 

Maidstone  (1906),  5  O.  &  H.  200  273 

Middlesex  (1804),  Seaman's  Case,  2  Peck.  118  5 

Mersey  Docks  v.  Liverpool  (1873),  L.  R.  9  Q.  B.  84; 

43  L,  J.  M.  0.  33;  29  L.  T.  454;  22  W.  B.  184 31 

Monks  v.  Dykes  (1839),  4  M.  &  W.  567  59 

Monks  v.  Jackson  (1876),  1  0.  P.  D.  683;  46  L.  J.  0.  P. 

162;  35  L.  T.  95 266,  269 

Morish  v.  Harris  (1865),  L.  B.  1  0.  P.  155;  14  W.  B. 

479;  12  Jur.  (N.  S.)  627;  S.  0.,  sub  nom.  Norris  v. 

Harris,  35  L.  J.  0.   P.   101;   13  L.  T.   762;   Hop.  & 

Ph.  305 27 

Naif  v.  Mutter  (1862),  31  L.  J.  0.  P.  359  11 

Norwich  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  85  249,  252 

Oakhampton  (1791),  1  Eraser,  162  5 

Pembroke  (1901),  5  0.  &  H.  144  106,  107 

Penryn  (1869),  1  0.  &  H.  132 257 

Phillips  v.  Goff  (1886),  17  Q.  B.  D.  814;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

512;  50  J.  P.  614  187 

Piercy  v.  Maclean  (1870),  L.  B.  5  0.  P.  252;  34  J.  P.  • 

311;  39  L.  J.  0.  P.  115;  22  T.  L.  B.  213;  18  W.  B. 

732;  1  Hop.  &  0.  371 27 

Pontardawe  Rural  District  Council  Election  Petition, 

(1907)  2  K.  B.  313;  76  L.  J.  K.  B.  702;  71  J.  P.  371; 

23  T.  L.  B.  538;  5  L.  G.  B.  1060  197 

Pontefract  (1895),  Day's  Election  Oases,  129  237 

Powell  v,  Boraston  (1865),  18  C.  B.  (N.  S.)  175;  29  J.  P. 

550;  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  73;  11  L.  T.  734;  13  W.  B.  465; 

11  Jur.  (N.  S.)  160;  Hop.  &  Ph.  179  48 

Powell  v.  Fanner  (1865),  18  C.  B.  (N.  S.)  71;  29  J.  P. 

536;  34  L.  J.  0.  P.  71;  11  L.  T.  736;  13  W.  B.  467; 

11  Jur.  (N.  S.)  162;  Hop.  &  Ph.  172  27 


XVI  TABLE  OF  CASES. 

PAGE 

Powell  v.  Guest  (1865),  11   C.   B.   (N.   S.)   72;   29  J.  P. 

424;  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  69;  11  L.  T.  599;  13  W.  E.  274; 

10  Jur.  (N.  S.)  1238;  Hop.  &  Ph.  149  13,  15 

Pritchard  v.  Mayor  of  Bangor   (1888),  13  A.   C.   241;   57 

L.  J.  Q.  B.  313;  58  L,  T.  502;  52  J.  P.  564;  37  W.  E. 

103   (H.  L.)   269 

Eeg.    v.    Exeter     (Mayor    of),     Dipstale's     Case     (1868), 

L.  E.  4  Q.  B.  114;  33  J.  P.  39;  19  L.  T.  432 11,12 

Eeg.  v.  Exeter  (Mayor  of),  Wescombe's  Case  (1868), 

L.  E.  4  Q.  B.  110;  19  L,  T.  397  11,  12 

Eeg.  v.  School  Board  for  London  (1886),  17  Q.  B.  D.  740...  33 
Eeg.  v.  St.  Pancras  (Assessment  Committee)  (1877),  2 

Q.  B.  D.  581;  46  L.  J.  M.  0.  243;  37  L.  T.  126;   25 

W.  E.  827  26 

Eeg.  v,  Southampton  Docks  (1851),  17  Q.  B.  83;  20  L.  J. 

M.  0.  155 32 

Eendlesham  (Lord)  v.  Haward  (1873),  L.  E.  9  C.  P.  252; 

43  L.  J.  C.  P.  33;  22  W.  E.  157;  2  Hop.  &  C.  175; 

S.C.,  sub  nom.  Eendlesham  (Lord)  v.  Tabor,  29  L.  T. 

679  5 

Eex  v.  The  Inhabitants  of  St.  Nicholas  (1833),  5  B.  &  Ad. 

226 25 

Eochester  (1892),  4  0.  &  H.  158  259,  272,  277 

Eochester  (1892),  Day's  Election  Oases,  102  -. 24O 

Eogers  v.  Harvey  (1858),  5  C.  B.  N.  S.  3;  28  L.  J.  C.  P. 

17;  32  L.  T.  (O.  S.)  106;  7  W.  E.  17;  5  Jur.  (N.  S.) 

199;   K.  &  G.   169  47 

St.  George's  (1895),  5  O.  &  H.  114  255 

Smith  v.  Anderson  (1880),  15  C.  D.  247;  50  L,  J.  Ch. 

39;  43  L.  T.  329;  29  W.  E.  21  34,  36 

Spittal  v.  Brook  (1887),  18  Q.  B.  D.  426;  56  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

48;  35  W.  E.  520;  Scott  Pox,  22  56 

Stepney  (Borough)  (1892),  Day's  Election  Cases,  119  240, 

257,  261 

Stepney  Division  (1886),  4  O.  &  H.  33 188,  189,  192,  193, 

195,  238, 263 
Stowe  v.  Joliffe  (1874),  L.  E.  9  C.  P.  734;  43  L.  J.  C.  P. 

265;  30  L.  T.  795;  22  W.  E.  911  4,  5,  104 

Strachan  v.  Binnie  (1888),  15  Ct.  of  Sess.  Cas.  308  28,  46 

Stribling  v.  Halse  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  D.  246;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

15;  54  L.  T.  568;  Colt.  409  53 


TABLE  OF  CASES.  XVII 

PAGE 

Tanner  i>.  Carter  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  D.  231;  55  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

27;  53  I/.  T.  663;  34WJE.  41;  Oolt.  435 13 

Taylor  v.  Oaldwell  (1863),  3^  B.  &  S.  826  58 

Taylor  v.  Overseers  of  St.  Mary  Abbotts,  Kensington  (1870), 

L.  E.  6  C.  P.  309;   35  J.  P.  39;  40  L,  J.  C.  P.  45; 

23  L.  T.  493;  19  W.  E.  100;  1  Hop.  &  C.  421  14 

Thompson  t>.  Ward  (1871),  L.  E.  6  0.  P.  327;  35  J.  P.  582; 

40  L.  J.  C.  P.  169;  24  L.  T.  679;  1  Hop.  &  C.  530  ...50,  51 

Walsall  (1892),  4  O.  &  H.  125 246,  248 

Watkins  v.  Milton,  &c.  Overseers  (1868),  L.  E.  3  Q.  B. 

356;  37  L.  J.  M.  C.  73;  18  L.  T.  601;  16  W.  E.  1059...  58 
Watson  v.  Cotton  (1847),  5  C.  B.  51;  17  L.  J.  C.  P.  68;  11 

Jur.  1106;  2  Lut.  E.  0.  53  27 

West  Bromwich  (1911),  6  O.  &  H.  256 198,  199,  2OO 

Whithorn  v.  Thomas  (1844),  14  L.  J.  C.  P.  38;  7  M.  &  G. 

1;  8  Sco.  N.  E,  783;  8  Jur.  1008;   1  Lut.  E.  C.  125; 

Bar.  &  Arn.  259 11,  12,  16 

Wigtown  (1874),  2  O.  &  H.  215 183,  185,  188,  191,  195,  198 

Woodward  v.  Sarsons  (1875),  L.  E.  10  0.  P.  733;  44  L.  J. 

0.  P.  293;  32  L.  T.  867  184,  185,  187,  189, 

190,  191,  193,  198 

Worcester  (1880),  3  O.  &  H.  184  7,  8 

Wright  v.  Stavert  (1859),  2  E.  &  E.  121;  29  L.  J.  Q.  B. 

161;  6  Jur.  (N.  S.)  867;  8  W.  E.  413  58,  59 


F. 


(     xix     ) 


LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 


A.  &  E. Adolphus  and  Ellis. 

A.  C Law  Reports,  Appeal  Cases. 

B.  &  Ad Barnewall  &  Adolphus. 

B.  £  Aid Barnewall    and    Alderson's    Reports 

Bench). 

B.  &  Arn Barren  and  Arnold. 

B.  &  Aust Barron  and  Austen. 

B.  &  B Broderip  and  Bingham. 

B.  &  C Barnewall  &  Cresswell. 

B.  &  P Bosanquet  and  Puller. 

B.  &  S Best  and  Smith. 

Beav Beavan. 

Bing Bingham. 

Bing.  N.  C Bingham  (New  Cases). 

€.  &  I.  P Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices. 

C.  A Court  of  Appeal. 

C.  C County  Court. 

C.  J Chief  Justice. 

C.  B Common  Bench  Reports. 

<3.  B.  (N:  8.) Common  Bench  Reports,  New  Series. 

C.  &  D Corbett  and  Daniell. 

C.  M.  &  R Crompton,  Meeson,  and  Roseoe. 

C.  &  P Carrington  &  Payne. 

•0.  &  B Cockburn  and  Rowe's  Election  Cases,  1833. 

C.  P.  D The  Law  Reports,  Common  Pleas  Division. 

Clerk,  El Clerk  on  Elections  and  Election  Committees 

Ct.  of  Sess Court  of  Session  Cases. 

Dalton     Dalton's  Office  of  Sheriff  (2nd  ed.),  1700. 

Day's  E.  C Day's  Election  Cases. 

Dougl Douglas. 

E.  Ac  B Ellis  and  Blackburn. 

Ex.  D The  Law  Reports,  Exchequer  Division. 

Falc.  &  F Falconer  and  Fitzherbert. 

Fras Fraser. 

Olanv Glauville. 

h  2 


XX  LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS. 


Hansard  '»  Parliamentary  Debates. 

Hop.  &  C  ...........  Hop  wood  and  Coltman's  Registration 

H.  L  ...............  House  of  Lords. 

H.  L.  C  ...........  Clarke's  House  of  Lords  Cases. 

Heyw.  Bo  ...........  Hey  wood  on  Borough  Elections,  1797. 

Heyw.  Co  ...........  Heywood  on  County  Elections  (2nd  ed.),  1812  . 

Hob  ...............  Hobart's  Reports,  temp.  Elizabeth  and  James  I. 

Hawk.  P.  C  .........  Hawkins'  Pleas  of  the  Crown. 

Ir.  C.  L.  R  .........  Irish  Common  Law  Reports. 

Ir.  L.  R.  (N.  S.)  ....  Irish  Law  Reports,  New  Series. 

J  ...................  Justice. 

J.  P  ...............  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Journ  ...............  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

Judg  ...............  Judgments  of    the    Election    Judges,    reported 

and  printed  by  order  of  House  of  Commons. 

See  Parliamentary  Elections  Act,  1868,  s.  24. 

Jur  .................  Jurist  Reports,  1837—54. 

K.  B  ...............  King's  Bench. 

K.  B.  D  ...........  The  Law  Reports,  King's  Bench  Division. 

K.  &  G  .............  Keane  and  Grant. 

K.  &  O  .............  Knapp  and  Ombler's  Election  Cases,  1834—5. 

L.  &  S  .............  Lacey  &  Smith. 

L.  JJ  ...............  Lords  Justices. 

L.  J.,  Ch  ...........  Law  Journal  Reports,  Chancery. 

L.  J.,  C.  P.    .  .  ^  .....  Law  Journal  Reports,  Common  Pleas. 

L.  J.,  M.  C  .........  Law  Journal  Reports,  Magistrates'  Cases. 

L.  J.,  K.  B  .........  Law  Journal  Reports,  King's  Bench. 

L.  J.,  Q.  B  .........  Law  Journal  Reports,  Queen's  Bench. 

L.  R.,  C.  P  .........  The  Law  Reports,  Common  Pleas. 

L.  R.  ,  Ex.     ,  ........  The  Law  Reports,  Exchequer. 

L.  R.,  H.  L  .........  The  Law  Reports,  House  of  Lords. 

L.  R.,  Q.  B  .........  The  Law  Reports,  Queen's  Bench. 

L.  R.,  K.  B  .........  The  Law  Reports,  King's  Bench. 

L.  T  ...............  Law  Times. 

L.  T.  Jo  .....  ,  .....  Law  Times  Journal. 

Lev  .....  ,  .........  Levinz. 

Lud.    ..............  Luder's  Election  Cases,  1784  —  7. 

M.  &  S  .............  Maule  &  Selwyn. 

M.  &  W  ...........  Meeson  and  Welsby. 

Male    ..............  Male  on  Elections. 

May's  Parl.  Pract.    .  .  May's  Parliamentary  Practice. 

M.  C.  A  ...........  The  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  1882. 

Min  ...............  Minutes     of     Evidence    taken    by    shorthand 

writers  before  Election  Committees,  but  not 

printed. 

Mod  ...............  Modern  (King's  Bench)  Reports,  1669—1732. 


LIST  OF  ABBREVIATIONS.  XXI 

O.  &  H O'Malley  and  Hardeastle'a  Reports  of  Election 

Petitions. 

Orme   Orme  on  Elections. 

P.  P Parliamentary  Papers. 

P.  &  K Perry  and  Knapp's  Election  Cases. 

P.,  R.,  &  D Power,  Rodwell,  and  Dew's  Election  Cases. 

Peck Peckwell's  Election  Cases. 

Phill Phillips'  Election  Cases. 

Plowd Plowden. 

Print.  Min Minutes  of  Evidence  taken  by  shorthand  writers 

before  Election  Committees,  and  printed  by 
order  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

Q.  B Queen's  Bench  Reports. 

Q.  B.  D The  Law  Reports,  Queen  Bench  Division. 

R Rettie's  Court  of  Session  Cases. 

R.  S.  C Rules  of  the  Supi'eme  Court. 

Roe Roe  on  Elections. 

8.  C Same  Case. 

Sch Schedule. 

Sim Simeon  on  Elections,  1789. 

Steph.  Law  of  El.  ...  Stephens'  Law  of  Elections,  1840. 

Str Strange. 

T.  R Term  Reports. 

T.  L.  R Times  Law  Reports. 

Ves Vesey. 

Ves.,  jun Vesey  junior. 

W.  N Law  Reports,  Weekly  Notes. 

W.  R Weekly  Reporter. 

W.  &  Br Wolferstan  and  Bristowe's  Election  Cases. 

W.&D Wolferstan  and  Dew's  Election  Cases. 

Whitelocke  Whitelocke  on  the  King's  Writ  for  choosing 

members  to  serve  in  Parliament,  sometimes 
called  Whitelocke  on  Government,  1766. 

Wight Wight  on  Scotch  Parliaments  and  Elections. 


(     xxiii     ) 


INTRODUCTION. 


THIS  Act,  which  consists  of  forty-seven  sections 
and  nine  Schedules,  is  the  third  Reform  Act  since 
the  passing  of  the  Reform  Act,  1832,  the  other 
Acts  being  those  of  1867  and  1884. 

The  present  Act  is  much  more  comprehensive, 
and  introduces  greater  changes  than  any  of  its 
predecessors.  It  deals  with  the  Parliamentary 
and  local  government  franchise,  registration, 
method  and  costs  of  election,  and  redistribution. 

In  order  to  realise  how  large  a  measure  of 
enfranchisement  is  given  by  the  present  Act  as 
compared  with  former  Acts,  the  following  facts 
may  be  pointed  out.  Before  1832  there  were  less 
than  500,000  parliamentary  electors,  and  the 
Reform  Act  of  1832  only  added  500,000  more, 
so  that  the  total  number  of  electors  in  1832  was 
less  than  1,000,000  out  of  a  population  of  about 
24,000,000.  The  Reform  Act  of  1867  added 
about  1,500,000  electors,  making  a  total  of 
2,500,000  electors  out  of  a  population  as  it  then 
was  of  about  30,000,000.  The  Act  of  1884  added 
some  3,000,000  electors,  making  a  total  of 


X  XIV  INTRODUCTION. 

o,500,000  on  the  register  out  of  a  population 
which  was  then  34,000,000.  According  to  the 
Home  Office  Return  for  1915,  the  electorate  was 
8,357,000  out  of  a  population  of  43,500,000. 
Under  the  present  Act  at  least  3,000,000  men  and 
6,000,000  women  will,  it  is  estimated,  be  added 
to  the  register  as  parliamentary  electors. 

From  a  historical  point  of  view  the  present  Act 
owes  its  origin  to  the  fact  that  it  was  universally 
recognised  that  the  electors  of  members  to  serve 
in  the  future  Parliament  which  would  have  to 
deal  with  questions  of  reconstruction  after  the 
War,  must  include  those  who  had  fought  for 
their  country  in  the  War.  An  attempt  was 
made  to  attain  this  object  by  a  separate  Bill, 
but  it  was  found  impracticable  to  introduce 
changes  of  this  kind  without  dealing  generally 
with  the  subject  of  the  franchise.  His  Majesty's 
Government  accordingly  invited  the  Speaker  of 
the  House  of  Commons  to  select  a  number  of 
members  of  the  House  of  Commons,  representa- 
tive of  all  shades  of  opinion,  to  draft  recommenda- 
tions which  might  form  the  basis  of  a  Bill  dealing 
with  the  whole  subject  of  the  representation  of 
the  people.  In  pursuance  of  this  request  the 
Speaker  held  a  Conference  which  issued  a  Report* 
containing  various  recommendations,  the  great 
majority  of  which  were  unanimous.  Although, 

*  For  this  Report,  see  Appendix  V.,  pp.  737—746,  infra. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXV 

in  consequence  of  the  Amendments  which  were 
adopted  in  the  course  of  its  passage  through  Par- 
liament, the  present  Act  differs  in  several  points 
from  the  recommendations  contained  in  the 
Report  of  the  Speaker's  Conference,  it  is  in 
substance  based  upon  it. 

The  most  sweeping  change  which  the  Act 
introduces  is  the  admission  of  women  to  the 
Parliamentary  franchise,  whilst  the  difficult  ques- 
tion of  the  enfranchisement  of  soldiers,  sailors, 
and  others  serving  in  connection  with  the  War, 
is  solved  by  giving  them  the  franchise  for  the 
'Constituency  in  which  but  for  their  service  in 
connection  with  the  War  they  would  have  been 
entitled  to  vote,  or,  as  an  alternative,  for  the 
constituency  (if  any)  in  which  they  happen  to 
have  an  actual  qualification. 

The  present  Act  sweeps  away  all  the  qualifi- 
cations for  the  franchise  which  previously  existed; 
it  repeals  no  less  than  fifty  statutes  and  modifies 
fifty-seven  others. 

Under  the  previously  existing  law  there  were 
seven  alternative  qualifications  for  the  Parlia- 
mentary franchise : — 

(1)  The  household  qualification,  by  far  the 
most  important,  which  dated,  as  regards 
boroughs,  from  1867,  and  as  regards 
counties  from  1884; 


XXVI  INTRODUCTION. 

(2)  the  qualification  in  respect  of   occupation 

of  land  or  tenements  of  the  value 
of  !()/.; 

(3)  the  50/.  rental  qualification  as  modified  by 

the  Act  of  1884;  this  qualification  was 
rapidly  dying  out ; 

(4)  the  lodgers'  qualification  ; 

(5)  the  service  qualification  ; 

(6)  the  ownership    voters'  qualification.     It  is 

worth  noting,  as  a  matter  of  historical 
interest,  that  amongst  these  voters  was 
the  40*.  freeholder,  who  survived  three 
Reform  Acts  and  who  dated  back  to  the 
reign  of  Henry  VI.  ; 

(7)  the  university  qualification. 

In  place  of  these  seven  franchises,  the  present 
Act  substitutes,  as  regards  men,  three  alternative 
qualifications  only  : — 

(1)  the    residence     qualification;      which    in- 

cludes the  householders,  the  lodgers, 
and  the  service  voters,  and  also  many 
residents  who  were  not  in  any  existing 
class  of  voters.  There  is  no  require- 
ment for  tne  qualifying  premises  under 
this  head  to  be  of  any  minimum  yearly 
value,  nor  for  rating  or  payment  of 
rates  ; 

(2)  the  business    premises  qualification,  which 


INTKODUCilON.  XXV11 

involves  the  occupation  for  the  purposes 
of  business,  trade,  or  profession,  of  land 
or  premises  of  the  annual  value  of  not 
less  than  10/. ; 

('|)  the  university  qualification,  which  is  en- 
larged by  the  inclusion  of  ail  those  who 
have  taken  degrees  (other  than  honorary 
degrees)  at  a  university. 

Not  only  are  the  franchises  different  to  those 
previously  in  existence,  but  the  period  of  qualifi- 
cation has  been  shortened  from  one  year  to  six 
months ;  there  being  two  qualifying  periods  during 
the  year — -one  ending  on  loth  January,  the  other 
on  loth  July. 

During  these  six  months,  electors  must  have 
been  resident,  or  occupying  land  or  premises, 
either  in  the  constituency  or  in  any  constituency 
in  the  same  Parliamentary  borough  or  county  or 
in  a  contiguous  borough  or  county,  so  that  it  will 
be 'seen  that  successive  occupation  in  a  largely 
extended  form  will  be  permitted. 

As   regards    the    Parliamentary   franchise    for 

women,  the  Act  confers  this  only  on  women  who 

have  attained  the  age  of  30.     In  constituencies 

other  than  university  constituencies  there  are  two 

alternative  qualifications  which  are  as  follows  :— 

(1)  the  woman  must  be  entitled  to  be  registered 

as  a  local  government  elector  in  respect 

of  the  occupation   of  a  dwelling-house 


XXV  111  INTRODUCTION. 

(irrespective  of  value)  or  of  land  or  pre- 
mises (other  than  a  dwelling-house)  of  a 
yearly  value  of  not  leas  than  5/. ;  or 
(2)  she   must   be  the   wife  of    a    man    who    is 

entitled  to  be  so  registered. 
The  university  franchise  is  conferred  on  all 
women  of  the  requisite  age  who  have  obtained  a 
degree,  or,  at  Oxford  or  Cambridge,  have  passed 
the  final  examination  and  kept  the  necessary 
residence. 

As  was  pointed  out  above,  it  is  estimated  that 
the  women's  franchise  will  add  to  the  register 
of  parliamentary  electors  at  least  6,000,000  voters, 
of  whom  about  5,000,000  will  come  on  the 
register  by  virtue  of  their  husbands'  qualification. 
As  regards  the  local  government  franchise, 
under  the  previously  existing  law  the  qualification 
to  vote  for  county  and  borough  councils  outside 
London  was  substantially  a  pure  occupation  fran- 
chise, and  differed  from  the  qualification  for 
London  county  and  borough  councils  and  for 
district  and  parish  councils,  where  there  was  not 
only  the  occupation  qualification  but  also  the 
qualification  of  owners  and  lodgers.  Under  the 
present  Act  there  is  a  uniform  occupation  fran- 
chise for  all  local  government  electors,  including 
in  the  term  u  occupation  "  lodgers  in  a  room  or 
rooms  let  to  them  in  an  unfurnished  state.  The 
local  government  franchise  is  conferred  on  women 


INTRODUCTION.  XXIX 

at  the  same  age  (21)  and  on  equal  terms  with  men, 
with  the  addition  that  a  woman  may  be  registered 
and  vote  by  virtue  of  her  husband's  qualification 
in  respect  of  premises  in  which  they  both  reside 
if  she  has  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  present  Act  will  add 
about  5,000,000  women  to  the  register  of  local 
government  electors. 

Turning  to  the  subject  of  registration,  the  Act 
adopts  a  course  which  has  often  been  recom- 
mended, viz.,  a  system  of  official  registration,  and 
throws  upon  the  appointed  officers  the  obligation 
of  making  up  the  registers  (of  which  there  are  two 
in  every  year)  and  keeping  them  complete.  The 
office  of  revising  barrister  is  abolished,  and  the 
consideration  of  claims  and  objections  is  entrusted 
to  the  registration  officer  himself  with  the  right  of 
an  appeal  from  his  decision  to  the  County  Courtt 
and  from  the  County  Court,  on  questions  of  law 
alone,  to  the  Court  of  Appeal. 

With  regard  to  methods  of  election,  the  much 
discussed  principle  of  Proportional  Representation 
together  with  that  of  the  alternative  vote,  both  of 
which  the  Speaker's  Conference  recommended, 
did  not  find  much  favour  with  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. The  alternative  vote  has  been  entirely 
rejected  and  Proportional  Representation  has  been 
retained  only  as  regards  university  constituencies. 

An  important  innovation  is  made  by  the  pro- 


XXX  INTRODUCTION. 

visions  allowing,  in  certain  cases,  votes  to  be 
given  by  post  by  absent  voters,  and  also  voting 
by  proxy. 

At  a  General  Election  polls  are  all  to  be  taken 
on  one  day,  and  plural  voting  has  been  further 
greatly  curtailed  since  no  elector  may  under  any 
circumstances  give  more  than  two  votes  at  such 
an  election. 

The  returning  officers'  expenses  are  to  be  paid 
by  the  State.  A  candidate  is  to  make  a  deposit 
which  shall  be  returned  to  him  if  he  has  polled 
not  less  than  one-eighth  of  the  votes. 

The  scale  of  election  expenses  is  reduced,  and 
certain  expenditure  by  unauthorised  persons  is 
prohibited. 

The  present  Act  carries  out  a  great  scheme  of 
Redistribution.  Following  the  recommendation 
of  the  Speaker's  Conference  it  has  been  sought  to 
make  each  vote  command  as  far  as  possible  an 
equal  share  of  representation  in  the  House  of 
Commons.  The  standard  unit  of  population 
represented  by  one  member  of  the  House  of 
Commons  has  been  taken  at  70,000,  although 
boroughs  with  not  less  than  50,000  inhabitants 
keep  their  separate  representation. 

Forty-four  boroughs  have  lost  their  separate 
representation,  including  ancient  boroughs  such 
as  Canterbury,  Windsor,  Chester,  Durham,  Win- 
chester, Shrewsbury  and  Lichfield,  but  the 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXI 

representation  of  the  boroughs  as  a  whole  is 
increased  by  thirty-six  members.  On  the  other 
hand  the  counties  lose  five  members  whilst  the 
universities  gain  six.  Ireland  is  not  included  in 
the  Redistribution  Scheme  under  the  present  Act, 
but  Redistribution  there  is  dealt  with  by  the 
Redistribution  of  Seats  (Ireland)  Act,  1918. 
The  effect  of  the  two  Acts  is  to  increase  the 
membership  of  the  House  of  Commons  by  thirty - 
fleven  members ;  thirty-one  of  these  representing 
English,  two  Scottish,  two  Welsh,  and  two  Irish 
constituencies.  The  total  number  of  members 
of  the  House  of  Commons  will  in  future  Parlia- 
ments be  707. 


N.B. — In  the  Notes  to  the  Sections,  when  the  actual 
words  of  the  sections  commented  on  are  quoted 
for  the  first  time,  they  are  printed  in  heavy  type. 


ADDEND  U M. 


REGISTRATION  DATES. 

SINCE  going  to  press  the  following  Order  dated  10th  July,  1918 
(R.  P.  39),  altering  certain  registration  dates  (see  pp.  128 — 129, 
748,  749,  750,  752)  in  connection  with  the  first  register  under  the 
Act  has  been  made  by  the  Local  Government  Board:  — 

"Whereas  by  sub-section  (3)  of  Section  46  of  the  Representa- 
tion of  the  People  Act,  1918  (herein-after  referred  to  as  'the  Act'), 
it  is  provided  that  if  any  difficulty  arises  as  to  the  preparation  of 
the  First  Register  to  be  prepared  under  the  Act  (herein-after 
referred  to  as  'the  First  Register'),  We,  the  Local  Government 
Board,  may  by  Order  do  any  mattsr  or  thing  which  appears- to  Us 
necessary  for  the  proper  preparation  of  the  First  Register; 

And  whereas  by  virtue  of  an  Order  in  Council  dated  the  4th 
day  of  June,  1918  (a),  and  made  under  the  powers  conferred  by  the 
Act  the  documents  mentioned  in  Schedule  A  to  this  Order  are,  as 
respects  the  First  Register,  to  be  kept  published  in  England  and 
Wales  until  the  dates  specified  in  the  second  column  of  that 
Schedule  and  in  connection  with  the  First  Register  the  registra- 
tion dates  referred  to  in  Schedule  B  to  this  Order  are  the  dates 
specified  in  the  second  column  of  that  Schedule; 

And  whereas  difficulties  have  arisen  in  connection  with  •  the 
preparation  of  the  First  Register,  and  it  appears  to  Us  necessary 
for  the  proper  preparation  of  the  First  Register  that  the  above- 
mentioned  dates  should  be  altered: 

Now  therefore,  in  pursuance  of  Our  powers  in  that  behalf,  We, 
by  this  Our  Order,  Direct  as  follows:  — 

ARTICLE  I. — The  dates  specified  in  the  third  column  of 
Schedules  A  and  B  to  this  Order  shall  be  respectively  substituted 
for  the  dates  specified  in  the  second  column  of  those  schedules, 
and  the  above  cited  Order  in  Council  shall  be  read  and  have  effect 
accordingly. 

ARTICLE  II. — This  Order  may  be  cited  as  the  First  Register 
(Alteration  of  Dates)  Order,  1918." 

(a)  See  Order  in  Council  dated  June  4th,  1918,  rule  1,  p.  748,  First 
Schedule,  p.  750,  also  rule  6  and  Fifth  Schedule,  set  out  on  pp.  128—129, 
and  on  pp.  749,  752. 


ADDENDUM. 


SCHEDULE  A. 
PUBLICATION  OF  DOCUMENTS. 


Nature  of  Document. 


Date  specified  in 
Order  in  Council . 


Electors  Lists  (First  Schedule,  Rule  6)    . .    . 
Notice  as  to  mode  of   making  claims  and 

objections  (First  Schedule,  Rule  6). 
Corrupt  and    Illegal   Practices  Lists  (Fir.st 

Schedule,  Rule  8). 

List  of  Claimants  (First  Schedule,  Rule  11). 
List  of  persons  to  whose  registration  notice 

of      objection     has     been     given     (First 

Schedule,  Rule  14). 


18th  July. 
1st  August. 

18th  July. 

1st  August. 
1st  August. 


Subs, ituted  Date. 


26th  July. 
9th  August. 

26th  July. 

9th  August. 
9th  August. 


SCHEDULE  B. 
REGISTEATION  DATES. 


Subject-matter. 

Date  specified  in 
Order  in  Council. 

Substituted  Date. 

Last  day  for  objections  to  electors  lists  .... 
Last  day  for  claims                            . 

10th  July. 
17th  July. 

18th  July. 
25th  July. 

Last  day  for  claims  as  absent  voters    

31st  July. 

8th  August. 

Publication  of  list  of  objections  to  electors 
lists. 
Publication  of  list  of  claimants     

19th  July. 
25th  July. 

27th  July. 
2nd  August. 

Last  day  for  objections  to  claimants   
Pu-blication  of  list  of  objections  to  claimants 
(as  soon  as  practicable  after). 

31st  July. 
31st  July. 

8th  August. 
8th  August. 

In  consequence  of  the  alteration  of  some  of  the  dates  referred  to 
in  Schedule  B  above,  the  following  County  Court  Rule,  amending 
paragraph  3  of  Rule  9  of  the  County  Court  (Registration  Appeals) 
Rules,  1918  (set  out  on  p.  640),  has  been  made: — 

"  The  words  '  the  ninth  and  the  twenty-eighth  days  of  September  ' 
shall  be  substituted  for  the  words  '  the  second  and  the  twenty-first 
days  tff  September  '  in  paragraph  3  of  Rule  9  of  the  County  Court 
(Registration  Appeals)  Rules,  1918." 


REPRESENTATION  OF 
ACT,  1918. 

(8  GEO.  V.  c.  64.) 


An  Act  to  amend  the  Law  with  respect  to 
Parliamentary  and  Local  Government  Fran- 
chises, and  the  Registration  of  Parliamentary 
and  Local  Government  Electors,  and  the 
Conduct  of  elections,  and  to  provide  for  the 
Redistribution  of  Seals  at  Parliamentary 
Elections,  and  for  other  purposes  connected 
therewith. 

BE  it  enacted  by  the  King's  most  Excellent 
Majesty,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal,  and 
Commons,  in  this  present  Parliament  assem- 
bled, and  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  as 
follows  :— 

PART  I. 

[Sections  1  —  10.] 

FRANCHISES. 

1.  —  (1)  A  man   shall   be    entitled   to   be     sect,  i. 
registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a 
constituency  (other  than  a  university  con- 
stituency)1  if  he  is  of  full  age2  and  not  subject 
to  any  legal  incapacity3  and  — 

(a)  has  the  requisite  residence  qualifica- 
tion4; or 

1  See  p.  3,  footnote  («),  infra.  '*  See  p.  4,  infra. 

3  See  pp.  4—8,  infra.  4  See  pp.  9—24,  infra. 

F  1 


OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

requisite    business   premises 
qualification.5 

(2)  A  man,  in  order  to  have  the  requisite 
residence  qualification  or  business  premises 
qualification  for  a  constituency — 

(a)  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 

period  be  residing  in  premises  in 
the  constituency,6  or  occupying 
business  premises  in  the  constitu- 
ency,7 as  the  case  may  be  ;  and 

(b)  must  during  the  whole  of  the  quali- 

fying period  have  resided  in  pre- 
mises,8 or  occupied  business  pre- 
mises,9 as  the  case  may  be,  in  the 
constituency,  or  in  another  con- 
stituency within  the  same  parlia- 
mentary borough10  or  parliamentary 
county,11  or  within  a  parliamentary 
borough  or  parliamentary  county 
contiguous  to  that  borough  or 
county,  or  separated  from  that 
borough  or  county  by  water,  not 
exceeding  at  the  nearest  point  six 
miles  in  breadth,  measured  in  the 
case  of  tidal  water  from  low-water 
mark. 

*  See  pp.  24—37,  infra.  ami  Ninth  Sched.,  pp.  404—481, 
8  See  pp.  9 — 16,  infra.  infra. 

7  See  pp.  24—37,  infra.  u  See  sect.  37  (2),  p.  282,  infra, 

*  See  pp.  9—24,  infra.  and  Ninth  Sched.,  pp.  482—554, 

8  See  pp.  24—37,  infra-.  infra. 
10  See  sect.  37  (1),  p.  282,  infra, 


SECTION  1. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  subsection  the      sect.  i. 
administrative  county  of  London   shall  be 
treated  as  a  parliamentary  borough. 

(3)  The  expression  "business  premises" 
in  this  section  means  land  or  other  premises 
of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  ten 
pounds  occupied  for  the  purpose  of  the  busi- 
ness, profession,  or  trade  of  the  person  to  be 
registered.12 

NOTE. — Sect.  1  set  out  above  states  the  con- 
ditions which  must  be  fulfilled  in  order  to  entitle 
a  male  person  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  for  a  constituency  (other  than  a  uni- 
versity constituency)  («). 

These  conditions  are  : — 

(1)  He  must  be  of  full  age  ; 

(2)  He   must  not  be   subject  to    any  legal  in- 

capacity ; 

(3)  He  must  have  (a)  the  requisite  residence  quali- 

fication or  (b)  the  requisite  business  pre- 
mises qualification. 

12  See  pp.  28—37,  infra. 


(a)  As  to  registration  for  parliamentary  purposes,  see  Part  II. 
Registration,  sects.  11 — 19  of  the  Act,  pp.  125—155,  infra.  The 
words  parliamentary  elector  for  a  constituency  (other  than  a 
university  constituency)  in  sect.  1  (1)  mean  a  person  who  is 
entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  of  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
for  any  constituency  other  than  a  university  constituency,  i.e.,  for 
any  county,  borough,  or  combination  of  places  returning  a  member 
to  serve  in  Parliament,  and,  where  a  county  or  borough  is  divided 
for  the  purpose  of  parliamentary  elections,  a  division  of  the  county 
or  borough  so  divided.  See  sect.  41  (1),  p.  305,  infra. 

1  (2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  i.  (1)  He  must  be  of  full  age, — -Full  ago  is  by  the 
Common  Law  the  age  of  21  years,  and  such  age 
is  attained  on  the  da}'  preceding  the  21st  anni- 
versary of  a  person's  birth  (b).  By  sect.  41  (7) 
of  the  Act(tf)  "for  the  purposes  of  registration  a 
person's  age  shall  be  taken  to  be  that  person's  age 
on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period  "  (d\  i.e. 
on  January  15th  or  on  July  15th  according  to 
which  of  the  two  registers  he  is  placed  upon(<e). 
If  the  21st  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the  person 
to  be  registered  is  January  16th  or  July  16th  he 
will  have  attained  full  age  for  the  purpose  of  being- 
registered  on  the  Spring  or  Autumn  register  (/), 
irrespective  of  the  hour  of  his  birth  (g). 

(2)  He  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  incapa- 
city.— It  should  be  noted  that  a  legal  incapacity 
is  quite  distinct  from  an  absence  of  the  qualifica- 
tions required  by  this  Act  to  enable  a  person  to 
be  registered  or  to  vote  at  an  election.  Legal 
incapacity  in  the  above  sense  is  some  quality 
inherent  in  a  person  or  for  the  time  being  irre- 
movable in  such  person,  which,  either  at  Common 
Law  or  by  Statute,  deprives  him  of  the  status  of 
a  parliamentary  elector  (A). 

(6)  I  Co.  Lit.  78;  Bro.  Abr.  ''Age."      • 

(c)  Set  out  at  p.  307,  infra. 

(d)  As  to  the  qualifying  period,  see  sect.  6,  p.  94,  infra. 

(e)  See  sect.  11,  p.  125,  infra.     As  to  jbhe  dates  applicable  to  the 
first  register,  see  pp.  128,  129,  infra. 

(/)  See  p.  126,  infra.  As  to  the  dates  applicable  to  the  first 
register,  see  pp.  128,  129,  infra. 

(g)  1  bl.  Com.  463  ;  Anon.  (1700),  Ld.  Eaym.  480,  1096. 

(A)  See  the  observations  of  Lord  Coleridge,  C.J.,  in  Stowe  v. 
Jolliffe  (1874),  L.  E,  9  C.  P.  at  p.  750;  see  also  Hay  ward  v.  Seott 
(1879),  5  C.  P.  1).  231 ;  and  the  observations  of  O'Brien,  J.,  in  Lon- 
donderry (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  100,  101. 


LEGAL  INCAPACITIES. 

The  following  are  legally  incapacitated  from 
being  registered  under  this  section: — (1)  A  peer 
of  the  United  Kingdom  (e),  or  of  Scotland,  or  of 
Ireland  not  actually  elected  and  serving  for  a 
constituency  in  Great  Britain  (&);  (2)  a  person 
holding  any  one  of  certain  offices  (I) ;  (3)  an 
infant  (wt);  (4)  an  alien  (w);  (5)  an  idiot  (o)  ; 

(6)  a  lunatic  who  is  not  in  a  lucid  interval  (/?); 

(7)  an  imbecile  who  is  not  compos  mentis  (q) ;  (8)  a 
person  convicted  of  treason  or  felony  and  sentenced 
to  death  or  penal  servitude  or  imprisonment,  either 
with  hard  labour  or  exceeding  twelve  months,  unless 
he  has  suffered  such  other  punishment  as  by  eompe- 

(t)  Com.  Dig.  tit.  Parl.  D.  10;  Beauchamp  (Earl]  v.  Madrtsjield 
(1872),  L.  E.  8  C.  P.  245  ;  Bristol  (Marquis]  v.  Seek  (1907),  96  L.  T. 
55;  71  J.  P.  99;  23  T.  L.  E.  224. 

(k)  39  &  40  Geo.  3,  c.  67,  art.  4 ;  Banlury  (1797),  Heywood,  318 ; 
Droitwich  (1834),  K.  &  0.  65  ;  Lord  JRendlesham  v.  Haward  (1873), 
L.  E.  9  C.  P.  252. 

(I]  Under  this  head  conie  :—(!)•  A  Scots  sheriff,  a  sheriff  substi- 
tute, a  sheriff  clerk,  a  deputy  .sheriff  clerk  for  the  shire  within 
which  the  election  is  being  held  (2  &  3  Will.  4,  c.  65,  s.  36; 
see  also  sect.  43  (6)  of  the  present  Act,  p.  317,  infra] ;  (2)  various 
officers  connected  with  the  constabulary  and  police  in  Ireland  (6  & 
1  Will,  4,  c.  13,  s.  18  (Irish  Constabulary) ;  6  &  7  Will.  4,  c.  29, 
s.  19  (Dublin  Metropolitan  Magistrates  and  Police),  The  dis- 
qualifications formerly  attaching  to  the  police  in  Great  Britain 
were  abolished  by  the  Police  Disabilities  Eemoval  Act,  1887. 

(»i)  7  &  8  Will.  3,  c.  25,  s.  7  ;  Stowe  v.  Jolli/e  (1874),  L.  E,  9  G.  P. 
743,  758.  A  naval  or  military  voter  within  sect.  5  (4)  of  the  present 
Act  is  qualified  at  nineteen.  See  pp.  80 — 82,  infra. 

(//)  Middlesex  (1804),  2  Peck,  118;  Bedford  (1832),  C.  &  E,  98; 
Isaacson  v.  Duntnt  (1886),  17  Q,  B.  D.  54 ;  33  &  34  Viet.  c.  14,  s.  2. 
As  to  naturalisation,  see  the  British  Nationality  and  Status  of  Aliens 
Act,  1914  (4  &  5  Geo.  o,  c.  17).  . 

(o)  Bedfordshire  (1785),  2  Lud.  567. 

(p)  Heywood,  260. 

(q)  Briil</eiv«tt)'(l8QS]t  1  Peck,  108;  OaM«mpton(}~9l),  1  Fraser, 
162. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  1.  tent  authority  mav  be  substituted  for  the  same  or 
received  a  free  pardon,  or  in  the  case  of  penal 
servitude  or  imprisonment  has  suffered  the  punish- 
ment to  which  he  has  been  sentenced  (r) ;  (9)  a 
person  convicted  on  indictment  within  the  pre- 
ceding seven  years  of  a  corrupt  practice  at  a 
parliamentary  election  (s)  or  convicted  within  the 
preceding  seven  years  of  a  corrupt  practice  at  a 
municipal  election  (t)]  (10)  a  person  found  guilty 
on  summary  conviction  within  the  preceding  five 
years  of  an  illegal  practice  at  a  parliamentary 
election  within  the  county  or  borough  in  which 
he  is  seeking  to  be  registered  (u) ;  (11)  a  person 
who,  as  a  candidate,  election  agent  or  sub-agent,  has 
within  the  preceding  five  years  been  convicted  of 
an  illegal  employment,  payment,  or  hiring,  at  a 
parliamentary  election  within  the  county  or 
borough  in  which  he  is  seeking  to  be  registered  (#); 
(12)  a  person  convicted  within  the  preceding 
five  years  of  an  illegal  practice  at  a  municipal 
election  within  the  borough  in  which  he  is 
seeking  to  be  registered  (y]  or  convicted  within 
the  preceding  five  years  of  an  illegal  employment, 
payment,  or  hiring  as  candidate  at  the  said  muni- 
cipal election  (#);  (13)  a  person  who  has  within  the 
preceding  seven  years  been  convicted  of  a  corrupt 

(r}  Forfeiture  Act,  1870,  s.  2.  This  has  no  application  to  Scot- 
land, ib.  s.  33. 

(s]  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  6  (3).     See  p.  275,  infra. 

(t)  Municipal  Elections  (Corrupt  Practices)  Act,  1884,  s.  2(2); 
Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  6  (3). 

(u)  Ibid.  s.  10.     See  p.  299,  infra. 

(x]  Ibid.  s.  21  (2);  s.  25  (2)  ;  s.  10.     See  p.  302,  infra. 

(y)  Municipal  Elections  (Corrupt  Practices)  Act,  1884,  a.  7. 

(z)   Ibid.  s*.  7.  17  (2). 


LKOAL  INCAPACITIES. 

practice,  or  within  the  preceding  five  years  of  an      Seot.  i . 
illegal  practice,  at  the  election  of  a  member  of  a 
local  board,  of  a  member  of  Improvement  Com- 
missioners, or  of  a  poor  law  guardian  (a);  (14)  a 
person  who  has  been  convicted,  within  the  pre- 
ceding  six    years,   of   a    corrupt   offence  at  the 
election   of  a  member  of  a  school  board  which 
has  been  held  within  the  preceding  six  years  (b) ; 
(15)  a  person  who  has  been  twice  convicted  under 
the  Public  Bodies  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1889, 
8.  2  ;  (16)  a  person  who  is  reported  by  an  election 
court   or  Election  Commissioners   to  have  been 
guilty  of  any  corrupt  or  illegal  practice  at  an 
election,  whether  he  obtains  a  certificate  of  in- 
demnity or  not,  in  like  manner  and  for  the  same 
period  (c)  as  if  he  had  at  the  date  of  such  election 
been  convicted  of  the  offence  of  which  he  is  re- 
ported to  have  been  guilty  (d) ;  ( 17)  a  conscientious 
objector  who  is  incapacitated  during  the  war  and 
for  five   years  thereafter  by  sect.  9  (2)  of   the 
present  Act(e). 

It  should  be  noticed  that  persons  subject  to 
the  above-mentioned  incapacities  are  prohibited 
both  from  being  registered  and  from  voting  (/). 

(a)  Municipal  Elections  (Corrupt  Practices)  Act,  1884,  as.  2,  36, 
Sched.  1. 

(6)  33  &  34  Viet.  c.  75,  s.  91. 

(c)  As  to  the  period  during  which  this  incapacity  applies,  see, 
with  regard  to  corrupt  practice,  heading  (9),  and  with  regard  to 
illegal  practice,  heading  (10),  on  p.  6,  supra. 

(d)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  38  (5). 

(e)  See  sect.  9  (2),  pp.  112—114,  and  pp.  117—121,  infra. 

(/)  See  the  observations  of  Lush,  J.,  in  Worcester  (1880),  3  0.  & 
H.  at  p.  186;  and  also  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  7,  set  out  at  p.  667, 
668,  j'/'/m,  and  sect.  9  (3)  of  the  present  Act,  pp.  114,  115,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  i  By  sect.  13  (1)  of  the  present  Act  "  it  shall  be  the 
duty  of  the  registration  officer  (/)...  to  place 
or  cause  to  be  placed  011  the  register  .  .  .  the 
names  of  those  entitled  to  vote  as  parliamentary 
electors  ...  in  his  registration  area."  The  re- 
gistration officer  should  therefore  not  place  on 
the  register  the  name  of  any  person  who  is  subject 
to  any  of  the  above  incapacities.  But  if  he 
should  do  so,  the  register  is  conclusive  of  such 
person's  right  to  give  his  vote  at  the  poll,  and  the 
returning  officer  cannot  refuse  to  allow  him  to 
vote.  Such  a  vote  would,  however,  be  struck 
off  on  a  scrutiny  (g).  In  the  words  of  Lush,  J., 
in  Worcester  (h),  "  the  battle  of  qualification  shall 
be  fought  either  beforehand  in  the  registration 
court  (i),  or  after  the  election  upon  a  scrutiny  (g], 
but  nothing  shall  take  place  at  the  polling-booth 
but  a  reference  to  the  register  to  ascertain  whether 
the  person  who  presents  himself  i$  the  person  upon 
that  register  or  not." 

(3)  He  must  have  (a)  the  requisite  residence 
qualification  or  (b)  the  requisite  business  pre- 
mises qualification. 

(a)  The  requisite  residence  qualification. — In 
order  to  have  this  qualification  a  man  (i)  must 
on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period  (A) 
be  residing  in  premises  in  the  constituency  (/), 

(/)  As  to  the  registration  officer,  see  pp.  130 — 132,  infra. 

(g)  As  to  a  scrutiny,  see  the  Author's  "  Law  of  Parliamentary 
Elections  and  Election  Petitions,"  2nd  ed.,  pp.  210B — 215. 

(7i)  (1880),  3  O.  &  H.  at  p.  11. 

(i)  The  office  of  revising  barrister  is  abolished  by  the  present  Act, 
but  his  duties  are  now  undertaken  by  the  registration  officer. 

(/«•)  See  pp.  9,  10,  infra. 

(1)  See  pp.  11—16,  infra. 


RESIDENCE  QUALIFICATION. 

and  (ii)  must  during  the  whole  of  the  quali-  sect.  i. 
fying  period  have  resided  in  premises  in  the 
constituency,  or  in  another  constituency  within 
the  same  parliamentary  borough  (m)  or  parlia- 
mentary county,  or  within  a  parliamentary 
borough  or  parliamentary  county  (•»)  contiguous 
to  that  borough  or  county,  or  separated  from  that 
borough  or  county  by  water  not  exceeding  at 
the  nearest  point  six  miles  in  breadth  measured 
in  the  case  of  tidal  water  from  low- water  mark. 
For  this  purpose  the  administrative  county  of 
London  is  to  be  treated  as  a  parliamentary 
borough  (0). 

Under  sect.  11  (p)  of  the  present  Act  two 
registers  of  electors  are  to  be  prepared  in  every 
year,  of  which  one,  the  Spring  register,  is  to  be 
made  for  the  qualifying  period  ending  on  Jan- 
uary 15th,  and  the  other,  the  Autumn  register, 
is  to  be  made  for  the  qualifying  period  ending 
on  July  loth.  The  qualifying  period  is  a  period 
of  six  months  ending  either  on  January  15th  or 
July  15th,  including  in  each  case  the  fifteenth 
day  (q\  so  that  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period  is  in  the  one  case  January  15th,  and  in 
the  other  July  loth  (r). 

When  an  elector  moves  into  a  constituency 
within  thirty  days  of  the  last  day  of  the  quali- 

(wi)  See  pp.  11—24,  infra. 

(n)  Ibid. 

(o)  See  sect.  1  (2),  (b),  set  out  on  p.  o,  supra.  See  also  pp.  23, 
24,  injra. 

(p)  See  pp.  125,  126,  infra.' 

(?)  Sect.  6,  p.  94,  infra. 

(r}  As  to  the  dates  applicable  to  the  first  register,  see  pp.  12S, 
129,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  i.  lying  period,  he  is  not  entitled  to  be  registered 
by  reason  of  a  residence  qualification  unless  he 
fulfils  the  conditions  ef  sect.  7  (3),  which  is  as 
follows: — "Notwithstanding  anything  in  this 
Act,  a  man  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a  constituency  in 
respect  of  a  residence  qualification  though  he 
may  have  been  residing  in  premises  in  the  con- 
stituency on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period, 
if  he  commenced  to  reside  in  the  constituency 
within  thirty  days  before  the  end  of  the  qualifying 
period,  and  ceased  to  reside  within  thirty  days 
after  the  time  when  he  so  commenced  to  reside." 

The  object  of  the  sub-section  just  quoted  is  to 
provide  against  what  are  known  as  i  i  swallow 
voters/'  by  imposing  a  condition  which  i» 
intended  to  ensure  that  the  residence  on  the  last 
day  of  the  qualifying  period  shall  be  bond  fide. 
In  order  to  come  within  the  sub-section,  it  is  only 
necessary  for  the  person  to  be  registered  to  reside 
in  a  constituency  for  thirty  consecutive  days,  one 
of  which  is  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period ; 
e.g.,  such  person  may  begin  to  reside  on  July  14th 
and  cease  to  reside  on  August  13th,  or  he  may 
begin  to  reside  on  June  10th  and  cease  to  reside 
on  July  16th. 

It  would  appear  that  the  requisite  residence 
during  thirty  consecutive  days  would  not  neces- 
sarily be  broken  by  reason  of  the  person  to  be 
registered  moving  from  one  set  of  promises  to 
another  in  immediate  succession  during  the  thirty 
days. 

The  meaning  of  the  words  residing  in  premises 


RESIDENCE  QUALIFICATION.          x 

in  sect.  1  (2)  (a)  and  resided  in  premises  in  sect.      Sect-  * 
1  (2)  (b)  raise  questions  of  some  difficulty. 

It  is  abundantly  clear  from  the  language  of 
sect.  7  (2)  of  the  present  Act  that  the  expression 
"  residence"  and  cognate  expressions  are  to  be 
interpreted  according  to  general  principles  (r). 

"The  word  'residence'  has  a  variety  of 
meanings  according  to  the  Statute  in  which  it 
is  used  "  (s).  It  will  therefore  only  be  useful  to 
consider  here  the  interpretation  which  the  word 
has  received  in  previous  Statutes  dealing  with 
the  franchise. 

The  question  of  residence  is  a  question  of 
fact(Y).  There  are  two  kinds  of  residence,  actual 
residence  and  constructive  residence. 

As  to  actual  residence.  In  Barlow  v.  Smith  («),. 
Lord  Coleridge,  C.J.,  referred  to  "  the  old  and 
universal  definition  of  residence"  as  "  the  place 
where  a  man's  home  is  and  where  he  sleeps." 
In  the  same  case  (v)  the  learned  Chief  Justice 
cited  Whithorn  v.  Thomas  (w\  and  Reg.  v.  Mayor  of 
Exeter,  DipstaWs  Case(x),  and  said:  "  We  have 
therefore  the  authority  of  three  judges  that  in 
this  section  (s.  27  of  the  Reform  Act,  1832) 
'  residence '  implies  home,  the  place  where  a  man 
lives.  .  .  .  For  centuries  past  it  has  always  been 

(r)  See  sect.  7  (2),  p.  99,  infra. 

(t)  Per  Erie,  C.J.,  in  Naif  and  another  v.  Mutter  (1862),  31  L.  J. 
0.  P.  at  p.  359. 

(t}  Reg.  v.  Mayor  of  Exeter,  WcscomVs  Case  (1868),  L.  R.  4  Q.  B. 
110;  ibid.,  Dipstale's  Case,  114. 

(u)  (1892),  Fox  &  Smith's  Registration  Cases,  at  pp.  297,  298. 

(v)  Ibid,  at  p.  299. 

(«;)  (1844),  7M.  &Gr.  1. 

(x)  (1868),  L.  R.  4Q.  B.  114. 


11 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  i.  held  that  where  a  man  sleeps  and  has  his  home  is 
the  place  where  he  resides." 

a  There  is  no  strict  or  definite  rule  for  ascer- 
taining what  is  inhabitance  or  residence.  The 
words  have  nearly  the  same  meaning.  Sleeping 
once  or  twice  in  a  place  would  not  constitute 
inhabitance.  There  is  no  precise  line  to  be 
drawn.  It  is  always,  if  the  inhabiting  is  bond 
fide,  a  question  of  more  or  less.  The  question  is 
whether  there  has  been  such  a  degree  of  in- 
habitance as  to  be  in  substance  and  in  common 
sense  a  residence.  When  a  person  has  a  country 
and  a  town  house,  it  is  a  mere  question  of  fact, 
whether  he  has  two  residences,  or  only  one  rosi- 
dence.  When  ...  a  man  leaves  one  residence 
to  go  elsewhere  to  transact  real  business,  whether 
he  has  two  residences  depends  on  quantity  and 
amount.  It  is  a  pure  question  of  fact "  (y). 

' i  The  fact  that  a  person  sleeps  in  a  place  is 
generally  a  very  important  ingredient  in  de- 
ciding whether  he  inhabits  it,  but  it  is  not  con- 
clusive" (2). 

It  has  been  held  that  if  a  person  actually  re- 
sides in  a  constituency,  such  residence  is  sufficient, 
even  if  he  be  a  trespasser  (a). 

As  to  constructive  residence.  u  In  order  to 
constitute  residence,  a  party  must  possess,  at  the 
least,  a  sleeping  apartment,  but  an  uninterrupted 
abiding  at  such  dwelling  is  not  requisite.  Ab- 


(y)  Per  Blackburn,  J.,  in  Reg.  v.  Mayor  of  Exeter, 
Case  (1868),  L.  E.  2  Q.  B.  at  p.  113. 
(z)  Ibid,  in  DipstalJs  Case,  at  pp.  115,  116. 
(a)  Seal  v.  Ford  (1877),  47  L.  J.  C.  P.  56. 


CONSTRUCTIVE  RESIDENCE. 

sence,  no  matter  how  long,  if  there  be  the  liberty  Sect.  l. 
of  returning  at  any  time  (£),  and  no  abandonment 
of  the  intention  to  return  whenever  it  may  suit 
the  party's  pleasure  or  convenience  so  to  do,  will 
not  prevent  a  constructive  legal  residence.  But 
if  he  has  debarred  himself  of  the  liberty  of  re- 
turning to  such  dwelling,  by  letting  it  (c)  for  a 
period  however  short,  or  has  abandoned  his  in- 
tention of  returning,  he  cannot  any  longer  be 
said  to  have  even  a  legal  residence  there  "(</). 

In  Whithorn  v.  Thomas  (0),  where  the  question 
was  whether  the  claimant  had  resided  for  six 
calendar  months  in  a  borough  so  as  to  qualify 
him  as  an  elector  for  such  borough  under  sect.  27 
of  the  Reform  Act,  1832,  Tindal,  C.J.,  in  con- 
trasting the  two  kinds  of  residence,  said(/"): 
61  The  mere  payment  of  rent  would  not  be  equi- 
valent to  a  residence.  The  residence  required 
by  the  Statute  (^)  must  mean  an  actual  occupa- 
tion (A),  for  some  part  of  the  time  specified,  by 
the  party  himself  (actual  residence),  or  an  occu- 
pation (h)  by  his  family  or  servants  (constructive 
residence)." 

(fe)  See  as  to  this  T<mner  v.  Varter  (1885),  16  U.  B.  D.  231 
(university  students). 

(c)  But,  see  as  to  the  exception  expressly  allowed  in  the  present 
Act,  pp.  16 — 23,  infra. 

(d)  Elliott  on  Registration,  2nd  ed.  p.  204,  quoted  with  approval 
by  Erie,  C.J.,  in  Powell  v.  (hiest  (1864),  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  70. 

.(«)  (1844),  7M.  &Gr.  1. 

(/)  Ibid,  at  p.  8. 

(g)  Reform  Act,  1832. 

(h)  The  word  "  occupation  "  is  obviously  used  here  in  a  colloquial 
sense,  and  not  in  the  strict  legal  meaning  discussed  on  pp.  25 — 27, 
infra . 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

*ect.  i  in  the  same  case,  Erie,  J.,  said(/):  "I  think 
that  in  the  Reform  Act  the  intention  of  the 
legislature  was,  that  a  party  who  obtained  a  vote 
by  residing  in  a  borough  should  have  some  local 
interest  there — referring  to  the  ordinary  meaning 
of  the  word  residence,  as  conveying  the  idea  of 
home.  .  .  .  The  fact  of  sleeping  at  a  place, 
indeed,  by  no  means  constitutes  a  residence — 
though,  on  the  other  hand,  it  may  not  be  neces- 
sary for  the  purpose  of  constituting  a  residence 
in  any  place  to  sleep  there  at  all.  If  a  man's 
family  are  living  in  a  borough,  and  he  is  absent 
for  six  months,  but  with  the  intention  of  re- 
turning, he  will  still  be  considered  as  residing 
there/' 

Where  a  person  has  a  house  or  rooms  to  which 
he  is  entitled  to  go,  even  a  considerable  absence 
will  not  break  the  residence  for  the  purpose  of 
qualification  (g).  It  is  submitted,  for  example, 
that  a  munition  worker  who  leaves  a  constituency 
in  which  he  has  his  house  for  a  part  or  even  the 
whole  of  the  qualifying  period,  in  order  to  work 
elsewhere,  will  not  lose  the  residence  qualification 
in  the  constituency  provided  that  he  retains  his 
place  of  abode  in  such  constituency  and  his  right 
and  intention  to  return  there. 

"  A  legal  inability  to  reside  caused  by  the 
voter's  own  act  and  not  by  misfortune  would 


(/)  Reform  Act,  1832,  at  p.  10. 

(g]  Fakoiitr  v.  Duulup  (1890),  W.  N.  (1897)  12-4 ;  see  also  Taylor 
y.  8t.  Mary  Ablott  Overseers  (1870),  L.  B.  o  0.  P.  309;  Bond  v. 
St.  George,  Hanover  Square,  Overseers,  ibid.  312. 


MEANING  OF  RESIDENCE. 

break  the  residence  "  (h).  Thus,  imprisonment  Sect,  l. 
following  upon  a  conviction  of  a  criminal  offence, 
for  a  substantial  part  of  the  qualifying  period, 
was  held  to  have  prevented  the  voter  from  having 
obtained  the  residence  qualification  in  his  own 
home  under  sect.  27  of  the  Reform  Act,  1832. 

The  same  principle  applies  where  the  voter, 
being  a  civilian,  has  voluntarily  incapacitated 
himself  from  residing  in  the  constituency,  e.g. 
where  a  clerk  is  bound  under  articles  to  a  solicitor 
not  to  leave  his  place  of  employment  outside  the 
constituency  without  the  solicitor's  permission  (»'). 
As  to  the  position  of  sailors  and  soldiers  and  other 
persons  engaged  in  service  of  a  naval  or  military 
character,  see  pp.  76 — 90,  infra. 

From  what  has  been  said  above,  it  is  clear  that  a 
person  can  obtain  the  residence  qualification  with- 
out having  any  estate  in  the  premises  in  which  he 
resides.  Thus,  a  son  living  in  his  father's  house 
may  thereby  obtain  the  residence  qualification. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  by  sect.  41  (5)  of  the 
present  Act:  "A  person  who  is  an  inmate  or 
patient  in  any  prison,  lunatic  asylum,  workhouse, 
poorhouse,  or  any  other  similar  institution  shall 
not  by  reason  thereof  be  treated  as  resident 
therein  for  any  purpose  of  this  Act." 

The  fact  that  the  object  of  the  residence  is  to 

(/*)  Per  Byles,  J.,  in  Pa  well  v.  Guest  (18(54),  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  at 
p.  71.  See  also  Ford  v.  Pye  (1873),  9  0.  P.  269  ;  Ford  v.  Hart,  i/>i<L 
273;  Beal  v.  Town  Ckrk  of  Kxeter  (1887),  20  Q.  B.  D.  300. 

(i)  Ford  v.  Drew  (1879),  5  0.  P.  I).  59.  It  should  be  noticed 
that  the  present  Act  repeals  the  Electoral  Disabilities  Removal  Act, 
1891  (54  &  55  Viet.  c.  11),  which  provided  that  non-residence  caused 
by  absence  on  duty,  not  exceeding  four  months  at  any  one  time, 
should  not  disqualify. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  i.  obtain  a  vote  is  in  itself  no  objection,  but  will  be 
taken  into  account  in  determining  whether  there 
is  a  real  bond  fide  residence  (k\ 

By  sect.  7  (2)  of  the  present  Act  "  residence 
in  a  house  .  .  .  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  inter- 
rupted for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  by  reason  only 
of  permission  being  given  by  letting  or  otherwise 
for  the  occupation  of  the  house  as  a  furnished 
house  by  some  other  person  for  a  part  of  the 
qualifying  period  not  exceeding  four  months  in 
the  whole,  or  by  reason  only  of  notice  to  quit 
being  served  and  possession  being  demanded  by 
the  landlord  of  the  house." 

The  meaning  of  the  word  "  house"  in  this  sub- 
section is  not  free  from  doubt.  It  is  submitted, 
however,  that  the  word  "  house"  here  is  used  in 
the  meaning  in  which  it  has  been  interpreted  by 
the  Courts  in  construing  the  word  in  sect.  27  of 
the  Reform  Act,  1832,  which,  like  the  present 
Act,  contains  no  definition  or  reference  to  the 
meaning  of  the  word.  In  that  section  the  fol- 
lowing words  are  used:  "Every  male  person 
.  .  .  who  shall  occupy  ...  as  owner  or  tenant 
any  house  .  .  .  shall  if  duly  registered  ...  be 
entitled  to  vote  .  .  ." 

In  Cook  v.  Humber(l),  Erie,  C.J.,  in  delivering  the 
considered  judgment  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas 
(Erie,  C.J.,  Williams,  Keating  and  Byles,  JJ.), 
said : — "  Cases  may  be  put  where  he  (the  claimant) 
would,  as  tenant  or  occupier,  be  qualified,  although 
the  key  should  be  withheld;  for  if  that  which  is  one 

(£•)    Whitlic-rn  v.  Thomas  (1844),  7  M.  &  Or.  3. 
(0  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  76. 


MEANING  OF  "  HOUSE."  17 

house  in  one  sense,  being  under  one  roof,  be  Sect.  i. 
divided  by  the  structure  into  several  flats,  consti- 
tuting several  houses  in  another  sense,  has  one 
outer  door  to  the  street,  of  which  a  porter  has  the 
key  and  the  sole  control  for  the  security  of  the 
tenants,  each  flat  is  a  sufficient  tenement,  and 
the  qualification  is  gained,  though  the  tenant 
have  no  key  to  the  outer  door ;  and  it  is  the  same 
though  the  porter  resides  on  one  of  the  flats,  and 
is  owner  of  all  the  rooms  under  the  roof.  Again, 
if  the  occupier  is  tenant,  it  seems  to  us  imma- 
terial to  inquire  whether  he  has  an  uncontrolled 
access  to  the  house.  If,  for  instance,  a  house  is 
let  to  A.,  without  any  access,  except  across  the 
yard  of  B.,  and  B.  neither  gives  nor  refuses  leave 
to  A.  to  pass  over  the  yard,  the  mere  liability  to 
interruption  of  the  access  would  not  prevent  his 
being  qualified.  And  again,  it  seems  immaterial 
to  inquire  whether  the  tenant  of  a  house  has 
exclusive  possession,  that  is,  possession  free  from 
servitudes  or  rights  of  entry  reserved  to  the 
landlord  :  such  servitudes  and  rights  of  entry 
affect  the  value  of  the  tenement,  but  not  the 
sufficiency  in  kind." 

In  Henrette  v.  Booth  (m)  the  facts  were  as  fol- 
lows :  The  claimant  was  tenant  of  the  whole  of 
the  upper  floor  of  a  building;  his  holding  con- 
sisted of  two  rooms,  opening  on  to  the  common 
staircase.  The  staircase  was  approached  from 
the  street  by  a  passage  at  the  end  of  which,  next 
to  the  street,  was  a  door,  which  could  be  closed, 


F. 


(m)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  61. 


18  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  i.  but  had  no  lock  or  fastening  of  any  kind.  The 
other  floors  were  occupied  by  other  tenants  in  a 
similar  way.  The  claimant  had  exclusive  control 
of  the  door  leading  to  his  own  two  rooms,  which 
were  completely  severed  from  the  rest  of  the 
building.  In  delivering  judgment,  Erie,  C.J., 
said(w):  "I  am  of  opinion  that  .  .  .  the  voter 
is  entitled  to  the  franchise.  I  think  he  was  the 
tenant  of  a  house  within  the  meaning  of  the  2  & 
3  Will.  4,  c.  45  (nn\  s.  27  as  explained  in  the  case 
of  Cook  v.  ff timber  (o).  He  occupied  the  whole  of 
the  upper  floor,  and  the  part  of  the  building 
which  was  occupied  by  him  communicated  with 
the  landing  on  the  staircase  by  one  outer  door, 
over  which  he  had  exclusive  control.  It  is  also 
stated  in  the  case  that  there  are  other  floors 
occupied  by  other  tenants,  and  that  all  the  tenants 
have  access  to  their  respective  holdings  from  the 
street  through  a  doorway  at  the  entrance  of  a 
passage  which  leads  to  the  common  staircase  of 
the  building.  In  this  doorway  there  is  a  door 
which  has  no  lock  or  fastening  of  any  kind. 
That,  I  think,  makes  the  voter  the  tenant  of  a 
house  within  the  meaning  of  the  statute.  We 
have  felt  great  difficulty  in  coming  to  a  definite 
idea  of  what  is  a  house  within  the  meaning  of 
the  statute,  when  once  it  is  assumed  that  there 
may  be  several  houses  under  one  roof;  but  we 
have  felt  bound  to  hold,  notwithstanding,  that 
there  may  be  such  houses,  and  we  must,  there- 


(«)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  pp.  62,  63. 

(mi)  Keforni  Act,  1832. 

(o)  (1862),  31  L.  J.  0.  P.  73. 


MEANING  OF  "  HOUSE."  19 

fore,  lay  down  rules  for  deciding  what  is  a  house  Sect-  *• 
and  what  is  not,  as  clearly  as  we  can.  One 
matter  that  the  Court  has  considered  with  re- 
ference to  this  subject  is,  that  there  would  be 
great  complication,  if  a  building,  which  had  been 
so  constructed  in  other  respects  with  reference  to 
its  internal  arrangements,  as  that  it  should  be 
considered  as  divided  into  several  houses  for  the 
purpose  of  the  franchise,  should,  merely  because 
an  outer  door  was  added,  be  considered  to  be  one 
house  only.  And  in  Cook  v.  Number  (p)  we  en- 
deavoured to  point  out  this,  and  also  that  the 
question,  whether  the  subject  of  occupation  was 
a  separate  house,  did  not  depend  solely  on  the 
presence  or  absence  of  the  landlord,  or  on  the 
circumstance  whether  the  tenant  had  or  had  not 
a  key  of  the  outer  door.  ...  I  think  that  the 
facts  of  the  present  case  show  as  complete  an 
analogy  between  this  claim  and  that  for  chambers 
in  the  Inns  of  Courts,  or  any  of  the  other  recog- 
nized cases  of  separate  holdings,  which  -constitute 
several  house>s  with  a  common  staircase  under  one 
roof,  as  there  possibly  can  be.  .  .  ." 

In  the  same  case,  Williams,  J.,  said  (q) : — 
"I  am  of  the  same  opinion.  We  are  bound  to 
abide  by  the  opinion  which  we  expressed  in  Cook 
v.  Number  (r),  that  part  of  a  building  may  confer 
the  franchise  if  there  be  an  entirely  independent 

(p)  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  73. 

(g)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p,  63. 

(r)  (1862),  31  L.  J.  0.  P.  73. 

2(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  i.  occupation  of  it,  and  it  be  actually  severed  from 
the  rest  of  the  building,  so  as  to  form,  in  fact,  a 
separate  house.  It  is  impossible  to  deny  that 
there  is  difficulty  in  saying  precisely  in  what  a 
separate  house  consists.  It  is  admitted,  however, 
that  if  a  building  be  divided  into  what  are  com- 
monly called  chambers,  these  are  actually  severed. 
Nor  does  it  seem  to  me  that  it  would  necessarily 
be  otherwise,  if  there  was  a  door  which  separated 
all  the  chambers  from  the  street,  and  which  might 
be  closed  if  the  inmates  were  so  minded.  .  .  ." 

Keating,  J.?  said  (s)  : — "  The  cases  necessarily 
run  very  close  to  each  other.  But  looking  to  the 
facts  as  found  in  this  case,  I  come  to  the  conclu- 
sion, without  difficulty,  that  this  voter  was  the 
tenant  of  a  house  within  the  meaning  of  the 
statute,  as  explained  in  Cook  v.  Humber.  There 
was  no  other  door  between  him  and  the  street 
except  that  leading  on  to  the  staircase ;  for  the 
mere  flap  without  a  fastening  cannot  be  considered 
as  a  door  for  the  purpose  which  we  are  now 
considering." 

It  appears  from  the  above  judgments  that 
structural  severance  is  necessary  in  order  that 
premises  should  be  a  " house"  within  the  meaning 
of  sect.  27  of  the  Eeform  Act,  1832,  and  by 
analogy  within  the  meaning  of  sect.  7  (2)  of  the 
present  Act. 

The  applicability  of  this  view  of  the  meaning 
of  the  word  " house"  to  the  present  Act  is 
strengthened  by  the  fact  that  elsewhere  in  sect.  1 

(«)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  63. 


MEANING  OF  "  HOUSE."  21 

the  word  " premises"  is  used  to  describe  the  Sect.  i. 
subject  of  residence  and  occupation,  so  that  if 
the  Legislature  had  intended  that  the  provision 
now  under  discussion  should  apply  to  all  kinds 
of  premises  in  which  a  man  resides,  the  word 
"premises"  would  have  been  used  instead  of  the 
word  "  house." 

It  may  be  well  to  point  out  that  the  word 
"  dwelling-house,"  which  occurs  in  sect.  3  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1867,  was 
defined  by  sect.  61  of  that  Act,  and  that  the 
word  "house"  was  defined  in  sect.  5  (t)  of  the 
Parliamentary  and  Municipal  Registration  Act, 
1878,  and  sect.  31  (a)  of  the  Municipal  Corpora- 
tions Act,  1882. 

The  interpretation  placed  by  the  Courts  on  the 
words  "  dwelling-house "  and  "house"  in  the 
Acts  just  mentioned  depended  largely  on  the 
express  words  of  the  definitions  in  those  Acts, 
and  it  is  therefore  submitted  that  the  cases  (u)  in 
which  the  words  in  question  in  those  Acts  were 
interpreted  throw  no  light  upon  the  meaning  of 
the  word  "house"  in  the  present  Act.  These 
definitions  expressly  include  in  the  meaning  given 
to  the  words  "house"  and  "dwelling-house" 
premises  other  than  those  included  in  the  word 
"house"  as  interpreted  in  the  judgments  in  Cook 

(i)  Repealed  by  the  present  Act,  s.  47  (1),  and  Eighth  Schedule. 
See  p.  397,  infra.  For  this  definition,  see  p.  50,  infra. 

(u)  Thompson  v.  Ward,  Ellis  v.  Burch  (1871),  L.  B.  6  C.  P.  327  ; 
Boon  v.  Howard  (1874),  L.  E.  9  C.  P.  277;  Allchurch  v.  Hendon 
Union,  (1891)  2  Q.  B.  436  (C.  A.). 


22  •  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  i.  v.  Humber  (v)  and  Henrettev.  Booth  (%},  but  it  is 
submitted  that  these  judgments  supply  the  true 
test  of  the  meaning  of  the  word  "  house  "  in  the 
present  Act  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  the  judges 
were  there  construing  the  word  in  an  Act  which 
like  the  present  contained  no  definition  of 
"  house."  It  should  also  be  noticed  that 
sect.  41  (8)  of  the  present  Act  follows  the  Act  of 
1867  in  expressly  including  in  the  meaning  of 
the  word  "  dwelling-house  "  "  any  part  of  a  house 
where  that  part  is  occupied  separately  as  a  dwell- 
ing-house." The  fact  that  the  Acts  referred  to 
above  contained  definitions  of  the  words  "  house  " 
and  "  dwelling-house  "  and  that  the  present  Act- 
deals  expressly  with  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  dwelling-house  "  whilst  leaving  the  word 
"  house  •"  undefined,  is  a  strong  argument  against 
the  applicability  of  these  definitions  to  the  word 
" house"  in  the  present  Act,  and  in  favour  of  the 
meaning  given  to  the  word  in  the  judgments 
mentioned  above. 

There  would  appear  to  be  no  necessity  for  the 
four  months  referred  to  in  sect.  7  (2),  set  out  on 
p.  16,  supra,  to  be  four  consecutive  months.  It 
should  also  be  observed  that  the  period  of  letting 
may  be  more  than  four  months  in  the  whole 
without  disfranchising  the  elector,  provided  that 
such  period  is  in  two  and  not  one  qualifying 
period. 

Further,  not  only  is  the  residence  of  a  lessor 

(v]  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  73. 
(x)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  C.  P.  61. 


SUCCESSIVE  RESIDENCE.  23 

deemed  to  be  unbroken  during  the  time  his  house      Sect.  l. 
is  let,  but  it  is  clear  that  the  tenant  may  also 
obtain  the  benefit  of  his  residence  towards  his 
qualification  for  the  franchise  during  such  time 
as  he  resides  in  the  house  of  which  he  is  tenant. 

The  provision  in  sect.  7  (2)  set  out  on  p.  16, 
supra,  in  so  far  as  it  deals  with  notice  to  quit,  is 
unnecessary  in  the  case  of  residence. 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  premises  in 
relation  to  the  residence  qualification,  the  Act 
contains  no  definition,  and  indeed  the  words  in 
premises  in  sect.  1  (2) (a)  appear  to  be  surplusage. 
Provided  that  a  man  resides  in  the  constituency, 
it  is  immaterial  what  is  the  nature  or  value  of  the 
premises  in  which  he  resides. 

It  should  also  be  remembered  in  this  connection 
that  a  man  may  during  the  course  of  a  qualifying 
period  move  in  immediate  succession  from  one  set 
of  premises  to  another  in  the  constituency  (y\ 
or  a  neighbouring  constituency  as  described  in 
sect.  2  (b),  without  losing  his  qualification,  pro- 
vided that  he  does  not  cease  to  reside. 

This  materially  extends  the  meaning  of  what 
was  formerly  known,  in  relation  to  the  occupation 
franchise,  as  "  successive  occupation."  Thus, 
bearing  in  mind  that  the  administrative  county 
of  London  is,  for  the  purposes  of  sect.  1  (2),  to  be 
treated  as  a  parliamentary  borough,  a  man  may 
move  his  residence  in  London  freely  during  the 
qualifying  period  in  any  constituency  in  London. 

(*/)  As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  "constituency,"  see  p.  3, 

footnote  («),  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  i.  He  may  also  move,  e.g.,  into  any  constituency 
within  the  parliamentary  counties  of  Essex  or 
Kent,  as  such  parliamentary  counties  at  some 
point  touch  the  boundaries  of  the  administrative 
county  of  London. 

As  to  the  manner  in  which  a  t  i  naval  or  military 
voter "  can  obtain  the  residence  qualification,  see 
sect.  5,  pp.  76—79,  and  pp.  86—90,  91—93, 
infra. 

(b)  The  requisite  business  premises  qualifica- 
tion.— In  order  to  have  this  qualification  a  man 
(i)  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period  be  occupying  business  premises  in  the 
constituency  (»,  and  (ii)  must  during  the  whole 
of  the  qualifying  period  have  occupied 
business  premises  in  the  constituency  or  in 
another  constituency  within  the  same  parlia- 
mentary borough  or  parliamentary  county  or 
within  a  parliamentary  borough  or  parlia- 
mentary county  contiguous  to  that  borough  or 
county  or  separated  from  that  borough  or  county 
by  water,  not  exceeding  at  the  nearest  point  six 
miles  in  breadth  measured  in  the  case  of  tidal 
water  from  low-water  mark.  For  this  purpose 
the  administrative  county  of  London  shall  be 
treated  as  a  parliamentary  borough  (2). 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  words  on  the  last 
day  of  the  qualifying  period,  see  pp.  9,  10, 
supra. 

(y]  As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  "constituency,"  see  p.  3, 
footnote  (it),  supra. 

(z)  See  sect.  1  (2),  (b),  set  out  on  p.  2,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  OCCUPATION. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  in  the  case  of  the  Sect.  i. 
business  premises  qualification  the  requirements 
of  sect.  1  (2)  (a)  are  satisfied  by  occupation  on 
the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period,  even  in  the 
case  of  successive  occupation,  without  any  addi- 
tional period  such  as  is  required  in  the  case  of 
the  residence  qualification  (a). 

In  the  case  of  the  business  premises  qualifica- 
tion, as  in  that  of  the  residence  qualification, 
there  is  no  necessity  for  the  land  or  premises 
occupied  to  be  the  same  during  the  whole  of  the 
qualifying  period,  provided  such  land  or  premises 
are  occupied  in  immediate  succession  and  are 
within  the  requisite  limits  (aa). 

The  meaning  of  the  words  occupying  in  sect. 
1  (2)  (a)  and  occupied  in  sect.  1  (2)  (b),  like  the 
meaning  of  "  residence,"  raises  difficulties. 

In  Cook  v.  Humber(b),  Erie,  C.J.,  in  considering 
the  meaning  of  occupation  in  relation  to  sect.  27 
of  the  Reform  Act,  1832,  defined  "  occupation  " 
as  "  actual  exercise  of  the  rights  of  the  owner 
in  possession  during  the  requisite  time." 

This  is  apparently  the  only  judicial  definition 
of  the  word  u  occupation  "  in  relation  to  the  par- 
liamentary franchise.  Although  it  may  perhaps 
be  doubted  (<?)  whether  any  useful  purpose  is 
served  by  referring  to  judgments  which  deal 
with  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  relation  to  a 

(a)  See  pp.  10,  11,  supra. 

(aa)  See  sect.  1  (2)  (b),  pp.  2,  3,  supra.     See  also  pp.  22—24. 
(fc)  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  75. 

(c)  See  the  observations  of  Denman,  C.J.,  in  Rex  v.  Inhabitants 
of  St.  Nicholas  (ISM],  5  B.  &  Ad.  at  p.  226  ;  see  also  p.  11,  supra. 


26  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

.  subject-matter  other  than  that  of  the  franchise, 
the  observations  made  by  Lush,  J.,  in  Reg.  v. 
St.  Pancras  Assessment  Committee  (d)  appear  to  be 
so  wide  as  to  be  worth  quoting  in  connection 
with  the  question  now  under  consideration. 
"  Occupation  includes  possession  as  its  primary 
element,  but  it  also  includes  something  more. 
Legal  possession  (e.g.  the  possession  of  the  owner 
of  a  vacant  house)  does  not  of  itself  constitute  an 
occupation." 

The  cases  decided  under  sect.  27  of  the  Reform 
Act,  1832  (e\  as  to  the  meaning  of  occupation  of 
any  warehouse,  counting-house,  shop,  or  other 
similar  building,  may  be  usefully  referred  to  as 
throwing  light  on  the  meaning  of  the  words 
"  occupying"  and  "  occupied "  in  sect.  1  (2) 
and  (3)  of  the  present  Act.  Under  that  section 
it  was  decided  that  the  occupation  required  need 
not  be  actual  occupation  by  the  elector  himself, 
but  might  be  constructive.  Thus  it  was  held 
that  there  was  occupation  by  the  voter  of  a 
warehouse,  being  part  of  a  house,  where  his 
goods  were  kept  in  the  warehouse,  although 
no  one  lived  in  the  house  (/),  of  a  counting- 
house  (part  of  a  house)  where  he  used  it  by 
himself  or  his  clerks  for  the  purposes  of  his 
business  during  the  day,  although  such  counting- 

((/)  (1877),  2  Q.  B.  D.  at  p.  588. 

(?)  It  is  submitted  that  the  words  occupying  business  premises 
will,  generally  speaking,  have  much  the  *ame  effect  as  the  words 
"  shall  occupy  as  owner  or  tenant  any  .  .  .  warehouse  or  counting- 
house,  shop  or  other  building." 

(/)  Daniel  v.  Coidsting  (1845),  7  M.  &  Gr.  122. 


MEANING  OF  OCCUPATION.  27 

house  might  be  locked  up  and  left  without  anyone  Sect.  1. 
in  it  at  night  (g),  of  a  shed  on  a  wharf  used  by  a 
wharfinger  for  keeping  in  it  his  barrows,  shovels 
and  baskets  (h),  of  a  shed  used  by  a  market 
gardener  for  storing  potatoes  (*'),  of  a  stone  build- 
ing on  a  piece  of  land,  the  building  in  which  he 
kept  guano  and  other  manure  used  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  land  (/). 

Having  regard  to  the  definitions  and  cases  re- 
ferred to  above,  it  would  appear  that  in  order 
that  there  should  be  occupation  within  the  mean- 
ing of  section  1  of  the  present  Act  two  conditions 
must  be  fulfilled:  (1)  There  must  be  the  exercise 
of  the  rights  of  ownership  by  the  person  to  be 
registered,  whether  such  person  is  or  is  not  the 
owner,  and  (2)  there  must  be  actual  user  for  the  - 
purpose  of  the  business,  profession  or  trade  of 
such  person. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  by  sect.  7  (2)  "  .  .  . 
the  occupation  of  a  house  shall  not  be  deemed  to 
be  interrupted  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  by 
reason  only  of  permission  being  given  by  letting 
or  otherwise  for  the  occupation  of  the  house  as  a 
furnished  house  by  some  other  person  for  part  of 
the  qualifying  period  not  exceeding  four  months 
in  the  whole,  or  by  reason  only  of  notice  to  quit 
being  served  and  possession  being  demanded  by 
the  landlord  of  the  house  ;  .  .  ."  This  sub-section 

(<j)  Downing  v.   Luckett  (1847),    17  1,.   J.   C.   P.   31  ;    Piercy  v. 
Maclean  (1870),  L.  E.  5  C.  P.  252. 

(h]  Watson  v.  Cotton  (1847),  17  L.  J.  C.  P.  68. 
(*)  Poiveli  v.  Farmer  (1865),  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  71. 
(/)  Morish  v.  Harris  (1865),  L.  E,  1  C.  P.  155. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

8ect-  i-     applies,  as  will  be  observed,  only  to  the  occupation 
"  of  a  "  house  "(*). 

The  case  of  a  house  which  is  used  "  for  the 
purpose  of  the  business,  profession  or  trade  of  the 
person  to  be  registered  "  being  let  furnished  will 
no  doubt  arise  rarely.  The  provision  as  to  notice 
to  quit  is  inserted  to  meet  the  cases  in  which  it 
was  held  (/),  under  sect.  5  of  the  Representation 
of  the  People  Act,  1884,  that  a  notice  to  quit 
coupled  with  a  demand  of  possession  by  the  land- 
lord broke  the  occupation. 

The  expression  business  premises  is  defined 
in  sect.  1  (3)  as  land  or  other  premises  of  the 
yearly  value  of  not  less  than  ten  pounds  occu- 
pied for  the  purpose  of  the  business,  profession 
or  trade  of  the  person  to  be  registered. 

The  words  land  or  other  premises  include  any 
piece  of  land  and  any  kind  of  structure,  erec- 
tion or  building  of  whatever  nature  or  any  part 
thereof  provided  they  are  occupied  (m)  for  the 
purpose  of  the  business,  profession  or  trade  of 
the  person  to  be  registered. 

As  to  the  words  of  the  yearly  value  of  not 
less  than  ten  pounds,  it  is  provided  by  sect. 
41  (9)  of  the  present  Act  that "  the  yearly  value 
of  land  or  premises  shall  be  taken  to  be  the  gross 
estimated  rental  or  in  the  metropolis  the  gross 

(&)  As  to  the  meaning  of  "  house  "  (within  which  some  "  business 
premises"  will  and  some  will  not  come),  see  pp.  16  —  22,  supra. 

(1}  Strachan  v.  Binnie  (1888),  15  Ct.  of  Sess.  Gas.  308;  Holland 
v.  Chambers,  .Devine's  Case,  (1894)  2  Ir.  E.  442. 

(m)  See  pp.  25 — 27,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  YEARLY  VALUE.  : 

value  where  those  premises  are  separately  assessed  Sect.  i. 
to  rates,  and  in  any  other  case  shall  be  deemed 
to  be  the  amount  which  would  in  the  opinion  of 
the  registration  officer  be  the  gross  estimated 
rental  or  gross  value  as  the  case  requires  if  they 
were  separately  assessed." 

The  expression  "  gross  estimated  rental"  is 
defined  by  sect.  15  of  the  Union  Assessment 
Committee  Act,  1862,  as  "  the  rent  at  which  the 
hereditament  might  reasonably  be  expected  to 
let  from  year  to  year  free  of  all  usual  tenant's 
rates  and  taxes  and  tithe  commutation  rent- 
charge,  if  any." 

The  gross  estimated  rental  forms  a  step  in  the 
ascertainment  of  the  rateable  value,  which  is  an 
estimate  "  of  the  rent  at  which  the  (premises) 
might  reasonably  be  expected  to  let  from  year  to 
year  free  of  all  usual  tenant's  rates  and  taxes  and 
tithe  commutation  rentcharge  if  any  and  deduct- 
ing therefrom  the  probable  average  annual  cost 
of  the  repairs  insurance  and  other  expenses  if 
any  necessary  to  maintain  them  in  a  state  to 
command  such  rent  "  (n). 

As  to  the  words  * { or  in  the  metropolis  the  gross 
value,"  it  should  be  noticed  that  in  the  Valuation 
(Metropolis)  Act,  1869,  which  governs  rating  in 
the  metropolis  (0),  "gross  value"  is  substituted  . 
for  the  expression  "  gross  estimated  rental  'f  which 

(n}  Parochial  Assessments  Act,  1836,  8.  1.  The  definition  of 
rateable  value  in  the  metropolis  is  substantially  the  same.  See 
sect.  4  of  the  Valuation  (Metropolis)  Act,  1869. 

(o)  As  to  the  meaning  jof  "metropolis,"  see  sects.  3,  4  of  the 
Valuation  (Metropolis)  Act,  1869  (32  &  33  Viet.  c.  67). 


30 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  i.  appears  in  the  Union  Assessment  Committee  Act, 
1862,  s.  15,  but  the  meaning  of  these  two  ex- 
pressions as  defined  in  the  two  Acts  is  the  same. 
The  gross  estimated  rental  of  all  premises  outside 
the  metropolis  that  are  separately  assessed  to 
rates  appear  in  the  valuation  lists  (r),  and  in  the 
case  of  the  metropolis  the  gross  value  of  all  pre- 
mises that  are  separately  assessed  appears  in  the 
valuation  lists  relating  to  the  metropolis  (*). 

In  Cook  v.  Butler  (t)  it  was  held,  that  the 
words  " rateable  value  of  121.  or  upwards"  in 
sect.  6  (2)  of  the  Representation  of  the  People 
Act,  1867,  meant  real  rateable  value  and  not 
necessarily  the  rateable  value  which  appears  in 
the  rate-book.  It  is,  however,  submitted  that 
in  view  of  the  words  used  in  sect.  41  (9)  of  the 
present  Act  quoted  above  (w),  and  the  distinction 
drawn  between  premises  which  are  separately 
assessed  and  those  which  are  not,  and  the  refe- 
rence to  the  opinion  of  the  registration  officer  in 
the  latter  case  only,  the  gross  estimated  rental 
and  gross  value,  as  the  case  may  be,  appearing 
in  the  valuation  list  is,  under  the  present  Act, 
conclusive  as  to  the  yearly  value  of  premises 
which  are  separately  assessed  to  rates. 

Where  premises  are  not  separately  assessed  to 

• 

(r)  Union  Assessment  Committee  Act,  1862,  ss.  14,  27,  and 
Schedule. 

(s)  Valuation  (Metropolis)  Act,  1869,  ss.  14,  51,  and  Second 
Schedule. 

(<)  (1872),  8  C.  P.  256. 

(«)  See  pp.  28,  29,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  YEARLY  VALUE.  31 

rates  it  becomes,  by  sect.  41.  (9)  quoted  above  (#),  Sect.  i. 
the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  form  an 
opinion  as  to  what  would  be  the  gross  estimated 
rental  (or  gross  value)  if  the  premises  were  sepa- 
rately assessed.  In  forming  his  opinion  it  is 
submitted  that  the  registration  officer  must  be 
governed  by  the  law  applicable  to  overseers  or 
assistant  overseers  in  estimating  the  gross  esti- 
mated rental  (and  gross  value). 

The  principles  upon  which  the  rateable  value, 
in  the  ascertainment  of  which  the  gross  estimated 
rental  (or  gross  value)  is,  as  was  pointed  out  above, 
a  step,  were  stated  as  follows  by  the  Court  of 
Queen's  Bench  (Blackburn,  Quain  and  Archi- 
bald, JJ.),  in  Mersey  Docks  v.  Liverpool  (w\  in  a 
considered  judgment  which,  as  Lord  Esher,  M.R., 
said(#),  "  is  and  has  always  been  held  to  be  the 
foundation  of  all  the  subsequent  decisions  upon 
this  matter''  : — 

"Where  the  hereditaments,  or  hereditaments 
of  a  similar  kind,  are  in  practice  actually  let  at  a 
rent,  the  amount  of  which  is  ascertained  by  what 
has  been  called  '  the  higgling  of  the  market,5 
the  application  of  this  definition  (y)  is  easy  and 
simple. 

"  Where  the  hereditaments  are  not  in  practice 
let,  the  problem  becomes  more  difficult.  The 
facts  and  circumstances,  which  would  be  taken 

(v)  See  pp.  28,  29,  supra, 
(w)  (1873),  L.  R.  9  Q.  B.  at  pp.  96,  97. 
(x]  Dodds  v.  South  Shields  Union,  (1895)  2  Q.  B.  at  p.  136. 
(y}  I.e.,  the  definition  of  rateable  value  in  the  Parochial  Assess- 
ment Act,  1836,  s.  1,  which  is  set  out  on  p.  29,  supra. 


32  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  i.  into  consideration  by  those  who  in  the  case  of  a 
real  tenancy  do 'in  the  higgling-  of  the  market  fix 
the  rent,  are  to  be  taken  into  consideration,  and 
on  a  view  of  all  those  the  net  annual  value  of  the 
occupation  is  to  be  determined ;  and  in  many 
cases  the  amount  that  is  made  by  the  trade  carried 
on  by  the  occupier's  occupation,  less  an  allowance 
for  the  profits  which  the  tenant  might  elsewhere 
make  by  his  trade,  is  an  important  element  in 
the  evidence  of  the  annual  value.  In  such  a 
case  as  Reg.  v.  Southampton  Docks  (2)  they  were 
properly  allowed ;  but  it  is  not  always  so. 

"  If  the  hereditaments  are  such  as  to  afford 
peculiar  facilities  for  carrying  on  any  kind  of 
business,  that  facility  does,  beyond  all  question, 
enhance  the  value  of  the  occupation ;  but  though 
the  profits  which  may  be  reasonably  expected  to 
arise  from  such  a  business  no  doubt  form  an 
element  in  estimating  the  enhanced  value  of  the 
occupation  of  the  premises,  the  actual  profits 
made  do  not  form  any  element,  except  in  so  far 
as  they  afford  evidence  of  what  might  be  rea- 
sonably expected  to  be  made  from  the  occupation 
of  premises  affording  facility  for  carrying  on  such 
a  business.  For  instance,  to  explain  our  mean- 
ing, there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  annual  rent 
of  a  shop  in  Cheapside  is  higher  than  the  annual 
rent  of  a  similar  shop  in  a  back  street ;  and  that 
the  reason  why  tenants  give  a  higher  rent  is 
because  of  the  superior  facility  for  carrying  on 
business  there.  But  the  rent  and  the  rateable 

(z)  17  Q.  B.  83;  20  L.  J.  M.  C.  155. 


MEANING  OF  YEARLY  VALUE.  33 

value  of  the  shop  are  quite  independent  of  the  Sect.  i. 
amount  of  the  shopkeeper's  actual  gains.  The 
rateable  value  is  the  same  whether  the  tenant  is 
a  flourishing  trader  or  is  carrying  on  business  at 
a  loss.  So,  no  doubt,  in  fixing  the  rent  of  cham- 
bers in  one  of  the  Inns  of  Court,  the  facility  for 
carrying  on  the  legal  profession  in  them  is  an 
element,  and  an  important  one,  but  the  actual 
income  of  the  tenant  is  not.  The  chambers 
command  no  more  rent  when  let  to  the  Attorney- 
General  than  they  would  do  if  let  to  a  young 
barrister  just  called  who  does  not  as  yet  pay  his 
expenses." 

In  R.  v.  School  Board  for  London  (a\  Lord 
Esher,  M.R.,  said:  "  The  real  question  is  how 
the  value  is  to  be  ascertained.  The  inquiry  is  not 
as  to  what  rent  is  paid  by  the  actual  occupier. 
The  mode  of  finding  out  the  value  is  laid  down  in 
the  Act(#),  and  it  is  to  ascertain  the  rent  which  a 
tenant  (not  the  tenant)  taking  one  year  with 
another  might  reasonably  be  expected  to  pay; 
it  is  also  implied  that  where  the  owner  occupies, 
he  is  to  be  considered  as  if  he  were  a  tenant. 
The  directions  given  by  the  Act  are  equivalent 
to  saying  that  one  must  look  at  all  possible 
tenants." 

As  to  the  meaning  of  " yearly  value"  in  Scot- 
land, see  sect.  43  (2),  p.  310,  infra,  and  in  Ireland 
sect.  43  (12),  p.  335,  infra. 

(a]  (1886),   17  Q.  B.  D.  at  740;  see  also  the  observations  of 
Bowen  and  Fry,  L.  JJ.,  at  p.  741. 

(6)  Valuation  (Metropolis)  Act,  1869,  s.  4. 

F.  '6 


34  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

_sect.jL.  The  words  occupied  for  the  purpose  of  the 
business,  profession  or  trade  of  the  person  to  be 
registered  require  consideration. 

In  the  language  of  Jessel,  M.R.,  in  Smith  v. 
Anderson  (c) :  "  Business  itself  is  a  word  of  large 
and  indefinite  import.  I  have  before  me  the  last 
edition  of  Johnson's  Dictionary,  edited  by  Dr. 
Latham,  and  there  the  first  meaning  given  of  it 
is  { employment,  transaction  of  affairs '  ;  the 
second,  i  an  affair ' ;  the  third,  '  subject  of  busi- 
ness, affair,  or  object  which  engages  the  care.' 
Then  there  are  some  other  meanings,  and  the 
sixth  is,  '  something  to  be  transacted.'  The 
seventh  is,  '  something  required  to  be  done.' 
Then  taking  the  last  edition  of  the  Imperial 
Dictionary,  which  is  a  very  good  dictionary,  we 
find  it  a  little  more  definite,  but  with  a  remark 
which  is  worth  reading  :  '  Business,  employment ; 
that  which  occupies  the  time  and  attention  and 
labour  of  men  for  the  purpose  of  profit  or  im- 
provement.' That  is  to  say,  anything  which 
occupies  the  time  and  attention  and  labour  of  a 
man  for  the  purpose  of  profit  is  business.  It  is  a 
word  of  extensive  use  and  indefinite  signification. 
Then,  *  Business  is  a  particular  occupation,  as 
agriculture,  trade,  mechanics,  art,  or  profession, 
.  .  .  .'  Therefore  the  Legislature  could  not  well 
have  used  a  larger  word." 

In  the  above  case  the  learned  Master  of  the 
R,olls  was  construing  the  meaning  of  the  word 
•'  business  "  in  sect.  4  of  the  Companies  Act,  1862, 
which  refers  to  u  business  that  has  for  its  object 

(c)  (1880),  15  Oh.  D.  at  p.  258. 


MEANING  OF  "  TRADE.  '  36 

the  acquisition  of  gain."  It  seems  clear  that  in  Sect.  i. 
the  present  Act  the  word  "  business  "  is  applicable 
to  cases  where  there  is  no  profit  or  gain.  In 
Re  Law  Reporting  Council  ($),  where  the  question 
was  whether  the  Council  of  Law  Reporting  were 
entitled  to  exemption  from  duty  as  being  a  body 
"  established  for  any  trade  or  business"  within 
the  meaning  of  sect.  11  (5)  of  the  Customs  and 
Inland  Revenue  Act,  1885,  it  was  held  that  the 
Council  were  entitled  to  exemption  although  they 
did  not  make  a  profit  to  their  own  benefit.  Not- 
withstanding this,  it  was  held  (e)  that  the  Council 
were  in  fact  carrying  on  a  business. 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word  "  trade,"  "it  is 
unnecessary  to  refer  to  authorities  to  show  that 
the  word  '  business  '  has  a  more  extensive 
meaning  than  the  word  *  trade.'  It  has  never 
been  doubted  that  farming  was  a  business,  though 
it  could  not  properly  be  called  a  ( trade,'  since  the 
latter  has  the  technical  meaning  of  buying  and 
selling  "(/).  Further,  as  in  the  case  of  business, 
it  is  not  essential  to  the  carrying  on  of  a  trade 
that  the  persons  engaged  in  it  should  make  or 
desire  to  make  profit  by  it "  (y). 

In  considering  whether  a  person  is  or  is  not 
carrying  on  a  business  or  trade,  the  question  of 

(d)  (1888),  22  Q.  B.  D.  291. 

(e)  See  the  observations  of  Lord  Coleridge,  C.J.,  ibid,  at  pp.  293, 
294. 

(/)  Per  Willes,  J.,  in  Harris  v.  Amery  (1865),  35  L.  J.  C.  P.  at 
p.  92. 

((/)  Per  Lord  Coleridge,  C.J.,  in  Rt  Law  Reporting  Council  (IS8S), 
22  Q.  B.  D.  at  p.  293. 

3(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

continuity  may  be  of  importance.  To  quote  one 
of  the  illustrations  given  by  Jessel,  M.R.,  in 
Smith  v.  Anderson  (h\  u  a  man  occasionally  buys 
and  sells  land,  as  many  landowners  do,  and 
nobody  would  say  he  was  a  land-jobber  or  dealer 
in  land,  but  if  a  man  made  it  his  particular 
business  to  buy  and  sell  land  ....  he  would  be 
designated  as  a  land-jobber  or  dealer  in  land." 

The  construction  which  the  Courts  will  put 
upon  the  words  occupied  for  the  purpose  of  the 
business,  profession  or  trade  of  the  person  to  be 
registered  is  not  free  from  doubt.  It  will  be  a 
question  in  each  case  (1)  whether  the  person 
to  be  registered  is  occupying  (i)  the  premises 
and  (2)  whether  the  business,  profession  or  trade 
of  the  person  to  be  registered  is  his  business,  pro- 
fession or  trade.  It  is  submitted  that  there  may 
be  cases  where  an  employer  only  is,  though 
absent,  entitled  to  be  registered,  arid  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  there  are  no  words  in  sect.  1  of  the 
present  Act  limiting  the  occupation  to  that  of 
owner  or  tenant,  as  was  the  case  in  former  Fran- 
chise Acts,  there  may  also  possibly  be  some  cases 
where  the  employee  only  is  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered, and  where  both  employer,  though  absent, 
and  employee  are  entitled  to  be  registered. 

It  must  be  remembered,  of  course,  that  it  is 
only  where  the  employee  is  in  a  position  of 
authority  that  he  can  possibly  fulfil  the  require- 


(h)  (1880),  15  Ch.  D.  at  p.  260. 
(t)  See  pp.  25 — 28,  supra. 


JOINT  OCCUPIERS. 

merits  of  "  occupation,"  viz.  "the  actual  exercise      Sect.  i. 
of  the  rights  of  the  owner  in  possession  "  (#). 

Sect.  7(1)  provides  that  "where  land  or  pre- 
mises  are   in    the   joint   occupation    of    two   or 
more  persons,  each  of  the  joint  occupiers  shall 
for  the  purposes  of  this  Part  of  this  Act  be  treated 
as  occupying  the  premises  subject  as  follows : — 
(a)  In  the  case  of  the  occupation  of  business 
premises  the  aggregate  yearly  value  of 
the  premises  must  for  the  purpose  of  the 
parliamentary  franchise  be  not  less  than 
the   amount   produced   by   multiplying 
ten  pounds  by  the  number  of  the  joint 
occupiers :  and 

(c)  Not  more  than  two  joint  occupiers  shall  be 
entitled  to  be  registered  in  respect  of 
the  same  land  or  premises  unless  they 
are  bona  fide  engaged  as  partners  carry- 
ing on  their  profession,  trade,  or  business 
on  the  land  or  premises. 

As  to  the  manner  in  which  a  "  naval  or  military 
voter  "  can  obtain  the  business  premises  qualifica- 
tion, see  sect.  5,  pp.  76 — 79,  and  pp.  86 — 90, 
90—91,  infra. 

2.  A  man  shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis-  University 
tered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  lor  a  uni-  (»»). 
versity  constituency1  if  lie  is  of  full  age2  and 

1  See  p.  38,  infra.  2  See  p.  4,  supra. 

(k]  See  the  observations  of  Erie,  C.J.,  in  Cook  v.  Humber,  quoted 
at  p.  25,  supra,  and  also  p.  27,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect,  a.  not  subject  lo  any  legal  incapacity,3  and  has 
received  a  degree  (other  than  an  honorary 
degree)  at  any  university  forming,  or  forming 
part  of,  the  constituency,  or  in  the  case  of 
the  Scottish  universities  is  qualified  under 
section  twenty-seven  of  the  Representation 
of  the  People  (Scotland)  Act,  1868,4  or  in  the 
case  of  the  University  of  Dublin  has  either 
received  a  degree  (other  than  an  honorary 
degree)  or  has  obtained  a  scholarship  or 
fellowship  in  the  University,  whether  before 
or  after  the  passing  of  this  Act. 

NOTE. — This  section,  similarly  to  sect.  1,  is 
applicable  to  male  persons  only. 

Registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a 
university  constituency. — As  to  registration  for 
university  constituencies,  see  sect.  19,  pp.  153, 
154,  infra. 

The  words  "  parliamentary  elector  for  a  univer- 
sity constituency"  in  the  above  section  mean  a 
person  who  is  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  of  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  for  a  con- 
stituency consisting  of  a  university  or  a  combina- 
tion of  universities.  See  sect.  41  (1),  p.  305,  infra. 

Full  age. — See  p.  4,  supra. 

Not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity. — See 
pp.  4 — 8,  supra. 

Has  received  a  degree  (other  than  an 
honorary  degree)  at  any  university  forming, 
or  forming  part  of,  the  constituency.  -  -  By 

3  See  pp.  4—8,  supra.  4  See  p.  39,  infra. 


UNIVERSITY  FRANCHISE  (MEN). 

sect.  2  of  the  Act  the  receipt  of  any  degree  Sect.  2. 
except  an  honorary  degree  at  any  one  of  certain 
universities  entitles  a  man  who  is  of  full  age  and 
not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity  to  the  vote  in 
a  university  constituency  in  England,  Wales  or 
Ireland.  Thus,  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  who  prior  to  this  Act  had  no 
vote  in  virtue  of  his  degree,  is  now  in  the  same 
position  in  regard  to  the  franchise  as  a  Doctor  of 
Divinity  or  a  Master  of  Arts  of  that  university. 

The  universities  in  England  and  Wales  which 
form  a  constituency  or  part  of  a  constituency 
are  mentioned  in  the  Ninth  Schedule,  Part  III., 
p.  554,  infra. 

In  the  case  of  the  Scottish  Universities 
is  qualified  under  section  twenty-seven  of 
the  Representation  of  the  People  (Scotland) 
Act,  1868. — Sect.  27  of  the  Representation 
of  the  People  (Scotland)  Act,  1868,  enacts 
that  "  the  Chancellor,  the  Members  of  the  ' 
University  Court,  and  the  professors  for  the 
time  being  of  each  of  the  Universities  of  Scot- 
land, and  also  every  person  whose  name  is  . 
for  the  time  being  on  the  register  ....  of  the 
General  Council  of  such  University  shall  if  .... 
of  full  age,  and  not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity, 
be  entitled  to  vote  in  the  election  of  a  member  to 
serve  in  any  future  Parliament  for  such  Uni- 
versity. .  .  ." 

There  is  only  one  Scottish  university  constitu- 
ency, formed  by  the  universities  of  St.  Andrews, 
Glasgow,  Aberdeen,  and  Edinburgh. 


40  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  2.         As  to  u  naval  or  military  voters,"  see  sect.  5, 
"  pp.  76—79,  and  pp.  86,  87,  90,  infra. 

Local  3. — A  man  shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 

gOTernmeiit 

franchise       tered   as  a  local  government  elector  for  a 

(men).  ° 

local  government  electoral  area1  if  he  is  of 
full  age2  and  not  subject  to  any  legal  inca- 
pacity,8 and— 

(a)  is  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 

period  occupying  as  owner  or 
tenant,4  any  land  or  premises  in 
that  area5 ;  and 

(b)  has,  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying 

period,  so  occupied  any  land  or 
premises  in  that  area,  or,  if  that 
area  is  not  an  administrative  county 
or  a  county  borough,  in  any  admini- 
strative county  or  county  borough 
in  which  the  area  is  wholly  or  partly 
situate6 : 
Provided  that— 

(i)  for  the  purposes  of  this  section  a 
man  who  himself  inhabits  any 
dwelling-house7  by  virtue  of  any 
office,  service,  or  employment, 
shall  if  the  dwelling-house  is 

1  See  p.  41,  footnote  (??),  infra.  6  See  p.  60,  infra. 

2  See  p.  4,  supra.  «  See  pp.  61,  62,  infra. 

3  See  p.  42,  infra.  7  See  pp.  49 — 54,  infra. 

4  See  pp.  43—60,  infra. 


LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FRANCHISE  (MEN).  4  I 

not  inhabited  by  the  person  Sect- 3- 
in  whose  service  he  is  in  such 
office,  service,  or  employment,  be 
deemed  to  occupy  the  dwelling- 
house  as  a  tenant8 ;  and 
(ii)  for  the  purposes  of  this  section  the 
word  tenant  shall  include  a 
person  who  occupies  a  room  or 
rooms  as  a  lodger  only  where 
such  room  or  rooms  are  let  to 
him  in  an  unfurnished  state.9 

NOTE. — Section  3  states  the  conditions  which 
must  be  fulfilled  in  order  to  entitle  a  male  person 
to  be  registered  (I)  as  a  local  government 
elector  (m)  for  a  local  government  electoral 
area  (n). 

These  conditions  are  : — 

(1)  He  must  be  of  full  age. 

(2)  He   must  not  be   subject  to    any  legal  in- 

capacity. 

b  See  pp.  49—56,  infra.  9  See  pp.  57—60,  infra. 


(1}  As  to  registration  for  local  government  purposes,  see  Part  II. , 
Registration,  sects.  11 — 19  of  the  Act,  pp.  125—155,  infra. 

(m)  The  words  local  government  elector  in  sect.  3  mean  a 
male  person  who  is  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  for  any  county 
council,  municipal  borough  council,  metropolitan  borough  council, 
district  council,  board  of  guardians,  parish  council  or  other  similar 
body.  See  sect.  41  (2),  pp.  305,  306,  infra. 

(n)  The  words  local  government  electoral  area  mean  the  area 
for  which  any  of  the  bodies  mentioned  in  note  (m)  above  are  elected. 
See  sect.  41  (2),  pp.  305,  306,  infra. 


42  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  3.  (3)  He  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 

period  be  occupying  as  owner  or  tenant 
any  land  or  premises  in  the  local  govern- 
ment electoral  area. 

(4)  He  must  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying 
period  have  occupied  as  owner  or  tenant 
any  land  or  premises  in  the  local  govern- 
ment  area,  or  if  that  area  is  not  an 
administrative  county  or  a  county  borough 
in  an  administrative  county  or  county 
borough  in  which  the  area  is  wholly  or 
partly  situate. 

(1)  He   must  be   of  full  age. — As  to  this  see 
p.  4,  supra. 

(2)  He    must    not    be    subject   to   any   legal 
incapacity. — The  nature  of  the  incapacity  is  the 
same  here  as  in  the  case  of  a  parliamentary  elector 
(see  pp.  4,   7 — 8,  supra],  i.e.,  it  is  some  quality 
inherent  in  a  person  or  for  the  time  being  irre- 
movable in  such  person  which  either  at  common 
law  or  by  statute  deprives  him  of  the  status  of  an 
elector.     The  persons  who  are  legally  incapaci- 
tated from  being  registered  under  this  section  as 
local  government  electors  are  the  same  as  those 
mentioned  on  pages  5,  6,  7,  supra,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  peers  (0). 

(3)  He  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period  be  occupying  as  owner  or  tenant  any 

(o)  The  constitutional  reasons  which  prevent  peers  from  voting 
at  an  election  of  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons  are  not  ap- 
plicable to  local  government  elections.  See  Beancliamp  (Earl}  v. 
Madresfidd  (1872),  L.  R.  8  C.  P.  250,  251. 


MEANING  OF  OCCUPATION  IN  SECT.  3. 

land  or  premises  in  the  local  government  electoral  Sect.  s. 
area. — As  to  the  words  "  on  the  last  day  of  the 
qualifying  period,"  see  pp.  9,  10,  supra.  If  a 
man  moves  into  a  local  government  area  within 
thirty  days  of  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period,  he  must  fulfil  the  conditions  of  sect. 
7  (4),  which  is  as  follows: — " Notwithstanding 
anything  in  this  Act,  a  person  shall  not  be  en- 
titled to  be  registered  as  a  local  government 
elector  for  a  local  government  electoral  area 
though  that  person  may  have  been  occupying 
land  or  premises  in  the  area  on  the  last  day  of 
the  qualifying  period,  if  that  person  commenced 
to  occupy  the  land  or  premises  within  thirty  days 
before  the  end  of  the  qualifying  period,  and  ceased 
to  occupy  the  land  or  premises  within  thirty  days 
after  the  commencement  of  the  occupation." 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  provision  is  similar 
to  sect.  7  (3),  which  was  dealt  with  on  pp.  10,  11, 
supra,  except  that  under  the  words  "  occupy  the 
land  or  premises  "  here  used  a  change  of  premises 
during  the  thirty  days  would  not  be  permissible, 
as  it  is  under  the  words  "reside  in  the  con- 
stituency" in  sect.  7  (3)  (p). 

be  occupying  as  owner  or  tenant. — The  word 
"occupying"  in  this  section  is  used  in  two  dif- 
ferent senses :  first  in  its  strict  legal  meaning  in 
connection  with  the  words  "  as  owner  or  tenant," 
the  latter  word  being  used  in  its  usual  legal  sig- 
nification (q) ;  secondly  in  a  looser  sense  when 

(p]  See  p.  10,  supra, 
(q)  See  p.  47,  infra. 


44  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect-  3-  used  in*  connection  with  the  special  meaning  ex- 
pressly given  to  the  word  "  tenant "  by  proviso  (ii) 
in  sect.  3.  As  to  the  meaning  of  occupation  in 
the  first  of  the  above  senses,  see  pp.  25 — '^7, 
supra.  The  word  u  occupying  "  in  this  sense  has 
the  same  meaning  in  sect.  3  as  in  sect.  1,  subject 
to  the  following  qualification. 

The  words  "as  owner  or  tenant "  do  not  occur 
in  the  definition  in  sect.  1  of  the  business  pre- 
mises qualification  for  the  parliamentary  fran- 
chise, which  is  based  on  occupation.  The  person 
to  be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector 
by  the  qualification  under  consideration  must 
"  occupy  "  in  the  same  sense  as  the  parliamentary 
elector  registered  in  respect  of  the  business  pre- 
mises qualification  (r),  with  the  addition  that 
unlike  such  parliamentary  elector  he  must  be  the 
owner  or  tenant  of  the  land  or  premises. 

In  practice  this  addition  will  not  in  the  great 
majority  of  cases  make  any  difference  between 
the  "  occupation  "  required  for  a  parliamentary 
elector  registered  in  respect  of  the  business  pre- 
mises qualification  and  the  u  occupation  "  required 
under  sect.  3  for  a  local  government  elector,  as 
the  former  will  usually  be  the  owner  or  tenant  of 
the  land  or  premises,  the  subject-matter  of  the 
occupation ;  but  there  will  probably  be  particular 
instances  where  such  is  not  the  case.  As  in  the 
case  of  occupation  under  sect.  1,  so  here  the 
occupation  may  be  actual  or  constructive ;  in 

(r)  See  pp.  25 — 27,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  OCCUPATION  IN  SECT.  3. 

particular  it  would  seem  that  a  soldier  or  other  Sect. 
person  serving  in  connection  with  the  war  who 
is  absent  during  a  part  or  even  the  whole  of  the 
qualifying  period  will  nevertheless  be  entitled  to 
be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  if  he 
is  the  owner  or  tenant  of  premises  in  which  he 
leaves  his  wife  or  his  family  live  during  his 
absence  (s). 

.  Sect.  7  (2)  of  the  present  Act  lays  down  that 
"  ...  the  occupation  of  a  house  shall  not  be 
deemed  to  be  interrupted  for  the  purposes  of  this 
Act  by  reason  only  of  permission  being  given  by 
letting  or  otherwise  for  the  occupation  of  the 
house  as  a  furnished  house  by  some  other  person 
for  a  part  of  the  qualifying  period  not  exceeding 
four  months  in  the  whole,  or  by  reason  only  of 
notice  to  quit  being  served  and  possession  being 
demanded  by  the  landlord  of  the  house  .  .  ." 

It  should  be  noticed  that  this  provision  only 
applies  to  a  "  house."  As  to  the  meaning  of  the 
word  "house"  in  this  provision,  see  pp.  16 — 22, 
supra. 

A  man  would  be  entitled  to  be  registered  under 
sect.  3  notwithstanding  that  his  house  is  in  the 
occupation  of  a  tenant  (with  all  the  usual  rights) 
to  whom  he  has  let  it  furnished,  provided  the 
period  for  which  he  has  let  his  house  is  not  more 
than  four  months  (not  necessarily  consecutive)  in  the 
whole  during  the  qualifying  period.  Sect.  7  (2), 
therefore,  extends  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"  occupying"  in  sect.  3  in  an  important  respect, 

(s)  Whitelaw  v.  M'Goivan  (1905),  8  F.  332. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  3.  as,  where  a  man  lias  let  his  house  he  does  not 
fulfil  the  conditions  laid  down  by  Erie,  C.J.,  in 
defining  occupation  as  u  the  actual  exercise  of  the 
rights  of  the  owner  in  possession  "  (y}. 

The  observations  made  on  pp.  22,  23,  supra,  with 
regard  to  sect.  7  (2)  in  relation  to  residence  are 
equally  applicable  here  with  such  modifications  as 
are  obviously  necessary  by  reason  of  the  franchise 
now  dealt  with  being  based  on  occupation  instead 
of  residence. 

The  effect  of  the  provision  in  sect.  7  (2)  set  out 
above  as  to  notice  to  quit  is  to  prevent  the  dis- 
franchisement  of  tenants,  which  under  sect.  5  of 
the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1884,  was 
held(0)  to  have  taken  place  by  reason  of  their 
landlords  having  served  them  with  a  notice  to 
quit  and  a  demand  of  possession. 

The  word  owner  in  sect.  3  means  a  person  who 
has  a  freehold  estate  whether  legal  or  equitable 
in  the  land  or  premises  in  question  as  opposed  to 
a  person  having  any  less  estate. 

Tenant  here  means  a  person  who  whilst  not 
an  "  owner "  has  some  estate,  however  small 
either  legal  or  equitable,  in  the  subject-matter  of 
the  occupation,  and  also  by  proviso  (ii)  in  sect.  3, 
a  lodger  who  occupies  a  room  or  rooms  which  are 
let  to  him  unfurnished  (a).  It  is  best  to  keep 

(y)  Cook  v.  Number  (1862),  31  L.  J.  0.  P.  at  p.  75,  and  see  p.  25, 
supra. 

(z)  Strachan  v.  Binnie  (1888),  15  Ct.  of  Sess.  Cas.  308  ;  Holland 
v.  Chambers  (Devine's  Case],  (1894)  2  Ir.  R.  442. 

(a)  As  to  this,  see  pp.  57 — 59,  infra. 


MEANING  OF  TENANT.  47 

these  two  meanings  of  "  tenant  "  in  this  section      Sect.  3. 
distinct. 

Dealing  first  with  the  meaning  of  the  word 
i 'tenant"  in  the  first  of  the  above  meanings,  it 
may  be  useful  to  refer  to  some  of  the  cases 
decided  under  sect.  27  of  the  Reform  Act,  1832, 
and  sect.  5  of  the  Representation  of  the  People 
Act,  1884,  where  difficult  questions  arose  as  to 
what  constituted  a  tenant,  as  these  cases  would, 
no  doubt,  be  held  applicable  in  determining  the 
meaning  of  the  word  "  tenant"  in  sect.  3  of  the 
present  Act. 

It  was  decided  under  the  Act  of  1884  that 
tenants  at  will  (b)  were  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered. 

In  Holland  v.  Chambers  (John  Doherty's  Case)  (c), 
it  was  held  that  when  the  sole  next  of  kin  of  the 
deceased  tenant  of  a  house  who  died  intestate, 
resided  in  the  house  and  paid  the  rent,  his  occu- 
pation was  that  of  a  tenant,  notwithstanding  that 
he  had  never  taken  out  letters  of  administration. 

In  Heath  v.  Haynes(d)  the  claimant  occupied 
rooms  in  a  hospital  as  a  member  of  the  corpo- 
ration of  "  The  Master  and  Brethren  of  the 
Hospital  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Leicester."  The  pro- 
perty belonged  to  the  charity  and  was  managed 
by  the  members  of  the  corporation,  each  being 
allotted  a  set  of  rooms  over  which  he  had  exclu- 
sive control.  It  was  held  that  the  claimant  did 
not  occupy  either  as  owner  or  tenant. 

(6)  Rogers  v.  Harvey  (1858),  28  L.  J.  C.  P.  17. 

(c)  (1894)  2  I.  E.  285. 

(d]  (1857),  27  L.  J.  C.  P.  50. 


REPKESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  3.  In  Powell  v.  .Boraston(e)  it  was  decided,  that 
where  a  man  built  and  occupied  a  shed  on  the 
land  of  a  farmer  (who  was  tenant  of  the  land 
and  allowed  such  building  and  occupation  without 
his  landlord's  permission),  the  farmer  was  not  the 
owner  or  tenant  of  the  shed. 

It  should  also  be  noticed  that  under  the  Bank- 
ruptcy Act,  1883,  all  the  property  of  a  person 
who  is  adjudicated  bankrupt  vests  in  the  trustee 
in  bankruptcy,  and  therefore  the  bankrupt  would 
not  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  owner  or  tenant 
(in  the  meaning  now  being  discussed  (/) )  under 
sect.  3  of  this  Act.  There  is,  however,  an  exception 
in  the  case  where  a  bankrupt,  who  occupies  pre- 
mises as  tenant,  continues  to  occupy  them  after 
his  adjudication  and  pays  the  rent.  In  that  case, 
provided  the  official  receiver  or  trustee  in  bank- 
ruptcy has  done  nothing  by  payment  of  rent  or 
otherwise  in  relation  to  the  tenancy,  the  bankrupt 
may  be  occupying  as  tenant  at  will  or  by  estoppel 
from  the  date  of  his  adjudication  (g}. 

By  section  3,  proviso  (i) — "  f or  the  purposes 
of  this  section  a  man  who  himself  inhabits  any 
dwelling-house  by  virtue  of  any  office,  service, 
or  employment,  shall  if  the  dwelling-house  is 
not  inhabited  by  the  person  in  whose*  service 
he  is  in  such  office,  service,  or  employment,  be 
deemed  to  occupy  the  dwelling-house  as  a 
tenant." 

(e)  (1865),  34  L.  J.  C.  P.  To'. 

(/)  See  p.  47,  supra. 

(g)  Mackay  v.  McGuire,  (1891)  1  Q.  B.  250. 


MEANING  OF  "DWELLING-HOUSE." 


The  object  of  this  proviso,  which  deals  with  Sect.  3. 
what  has  been  hitherto  known  in  connection  with 
the  parliamentary  franchise  as  the  "  service  fran- 
chise," is  intended  to  remove  the  inference  of 
law  that  a  servant  who  is  under  an  obligation  to 
inhabit  premises  for  the  performance  of  his  duties 
does  not  occupy  as  tenant. 

The  following  points  should  be  noticed  in 
connection  with  this  proviso  : — 

(1)  To  come  within  the  proviso  the  premises 
inhabited  must  be  a  dwelling-house.  By  sect. 
41  (8)  of  the  present  Act  "the  expression  <  dwel- 
ling-house '  includes  any  part  of  a  house,  where 
that  part  is  occupied  separately  as  a  dwelling- 
house."  The  meaning  of  the  expression  "dwel- 
ling-house" in  proviso  (i)  of  sect.  3,  as  explained 
by  sect.  41  (8),  is  not  free  from  doubt.  Sect.  3 
of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1867, 
contained  the  words  "  dwelling-house,"  which  by 
sect.  61  of  the  same  Act  was  to  be  read  as  in- 
cluding "'any  part  of  a  house  occupied  as  a 
separate  dwelling  and  separately  rated  to  the 
relief  of  the  poor."  By  sect.  59  of  the  same  Act, 
that  Act  and  the  Reform  Act,  1832,  were  to  be 
read  together  as  one  Act.  It  was  accordingly 
argued  that  the  decisions  in  Cook  v.  Humber(h) 
and  Henrette  v.  Booth  (i)  under  sect.  27  of  the 
Reform  Act,  1832,  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  word 
"house"  were  applicable  in  interpreting  the 
expression  "  dwelling-house  "  in  the  Act  of  1867. 

(A)  (1862),  31  L.  J.  0.  P.  at  p.  76. 

(»)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  0.  P.  at  pp.  62,  63. 


50  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  3.  In  the  cases  of  Thompson  v.  Ward,  Ellis  v.  Burch  ( i) 
and  Boon  v.  Howard  (j)  the  Court  was  equally 
divided  as  to  whether  it  was  necessary  that  there 
should  be  structural  severance  in  order  to  con- 
stitute a  "  dwelling-house "  within  the  meaning 
of  the  Act  of  1867.  Subsequently  to  these  de- 
cisions the  point  was  settled  by  the  express  words 
of  sect.  5  of  the  Parliamentary  and  Municipal 
Registration  Act,  1878,  which  made  it  clear  that 
structural  severance  was  not  necessary.  By  that 
section  it  was,  inter  alia,  provided  that  uin  and 
for  the  purposes  of  the  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1867,  the  term  { dwelling-house ' 
shall  include  any  part  of  a  house  where  that 
part  is  separately  occupied  as  a  dwelling,"  and 
that  "  for  the  purposes  of  any  of  the  Acts  referred 
to  in  this  section  (i.e.,  amongst  others  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  Act,  1867)  where  an 
occupier  is  entitled  to  the  sole  and  exclusive  use 
of  any  part  of  a  house  that  part  shall  not  be 
deemed  to  be  occupied  otherwise  than  separately 
by  reason  only  that  the  occupier  is  entitled  to 
the  joint  use  of  some  other  part." 

It  is  submitted  that  in  view  of  the  difference 
in  language  between  sect.  41  (8)  of  the  present 
Act  and  sect.  61  (&)  of  the  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1867,  and  the  fact  that  the  latter 
Act  and  the  Reform  Act,  1832,  were  to  be  read 
together,  it  would  not  bo  held  that  the  expression 
11  dwelling-house  "  in  the  present  Act  bears  the 

(t)  (1871),  L.  E.  6C.  P.  327. 
(/)  (1874),  L.  E.  9  C.  277. 

(k)  Seep.  49,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  "  DWELLING-HOUSE."  51 

meaning  given  to  the  word  "  house  "  in  Cook  v.  Sect.  3. 
Humber(l)  and  Henrette  v.  Booth  (m).  Further, 
in  view  of  the  close  similarity  between  the  lan- 
guage of  the  first  part  of  sect.  5  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary and  Municipal  Registration  Act,  1878, 
quoted  above  (w),  and  that  of  sect.  41  (8)  of  the 
present  Act,  and  the  fact  that  the  latter  part  of 
sect.  5  of  the  former  Act  was  in  effect  declaratory 
of  the  law  for  the  purpose  of  settling  the  doubts 
raised  by  the  disagreement  of  the  learned  judges 
in  the  cases  (o)  under  the  Act  of  1867,  it  is  pro- 
bable that  the  expression  "  dwelling-house "  in 
the  present  Act  would  be  held  to  have  the  mean- 
ing given  to  it  by  sect.  5  of  the  Parliamentary 
and  Municipal  Registration  Act,  1878,  and  there- 
fore, that  where  an  occupier  is  entitled  to  the 
sole  and  exclusive  use  of  any  part  of  a  house, 
that  part  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  occupied 
otherwise  than  separately  by  reason  only  that 
the  occupier  is  entitled  to  the  joint  use  of  some 
other  part.  In  other  words,  structural  severance 
is  not  necessary  to  constitute  a  "  dwelling-house  " 
under  the  present  Act  (p). 

If  the  above  view  of  the  meaning  of  "  dwelling- 
house  "  in  sect.  3  of  the  present  Act  is  correct,  it 
will  be  useful  to  refer  to  some  of  the  cases  decided 
under  sect.  3  of  the  Representation  of  the  People 

(0  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  76. 
(m)  (1863),  33  L.  J.  0.  P.  at  pp.  62,  63. 
(w)  See  p.  50,  supra. 

(o)  See  Thompson  v.  Ward,  Ell-is  v.  Burch  and  Boon  v.  Howard, 
vupra, 

(p)  See  Allchurch  v.  Hendon  Union,  (1891)  2  Q.  B.  436. 
4  (2) 


52  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  3.  Act,  1884  (which  first  conferred  the  service  fran- 
chise), as  to  the  meaning  of  the  expression 
"  dwelling-house,"  which  was  the  same  in  that 
Act  as  in  the  Act  of  1878  (p). 

In  Campbell  v.  Morris  (q),  a  coachman  had  the 
exclusive  use  and  control  of  a  room  over  a  stable 
furnished  as  a  bedroom,  in  which  he  kept  his 
clothes  and  dressed,  but  he  took  his  meals  in  the 
mansion-house  occupied  by  his  master,  and  slept 
there  as  caretaker.  He  claimed  to  be  enrolled  as 
a  voter  by  reason  that  he  inhabited  the  room  over 
the  stable  as  a  dwelling-house  by  virtue  of  service 
within  the  meaning  of  sect.  3  of  the  Representa- 
tion of  the  People  Act,  1884.  It  was  held  that 
he  was  not  entitled  to  the  franchise,  because  the 
dwelling-house  which  he  inhabited  was  not  the 
room  over  the  stables,  but  the  mansion-house, 
which  was  inhabited  by  the  person  under  whom 
he  served. 

In  Barnett  v.  Hickmott  (?'),  a  policeman  had  the 
exclusive  occupation,  by  virtue  of  his  service,  of 
a  cubicle  in  a  dormitory  at  a  police  barrack. 
The  cubicle  was  separated  from  the  rest  of  the 
dormitory,  which  contained  a  number  of  similar 
cubicles,  by  a  partition  seven  feet  high,  but  there 
was  a  space  of  five  feet  between  the  top  of  the 
partition  and  the  ceiling.  The  policeman  kept 
the  key  of  his  cubicle,  and  was  entitled  to  lock  it 
up  at  any  time.  It  was  held  that  the  cubicle  was 
not  "part  of  a  house  separately  occupied  as  a 

4-     ( p)  See  p.  50,  supra. 

(q}  (1895),  23  Ct.  of  Sess.  Gas.  (4th  Series)  118. 
(r)  (1895)  1  Q.  B.  691. 


MEANING  OF  "  DWELLING-HOUSE."  58 

dwelling"  within  the  meaning  of  sect.  5  of  the      Sect. 8. 
Parliamentary  and  Municipal   Registration  Act, 
1878,  and  that  the  policeman  was  not  entitled  to 
the  franchise  in  respect  of  it. 

In  Clutterbuck  v.  Taylor  (s)  the  facts  were  similar. 
All  the  cubicles  had  a  gas-light  in  common.  A 
lavatory  and  mess-room  were  provided  for  the 
policemen  who  occupied  these  cubicles  in  another 
part  of  the  police  station.  The  policemen  occu- 
pying the  cubicles  were  subject  to  the  control 
of  a  superior  officer,  who  had  power  to  impose 
restrictions  upon  their  use  of  the  cubicles  incon- 
sistent with  the  rights  which  a  person  ordinarily 
exercises  in  respect  of  his  own  dwelling.  It  was 
held  by  Lord  Esher,  M.R.,  and  Lopes,  L.  J.,  Rigby, 
L.J.,  dissenting,  that  the  cubicle  was  not  part  of 
a  house  separately  occupied  as  a  dwelling  within 
the  meaning  of  sect.  5  of  the  Parliamentary  and 
Municipal  Registration  Act,  1878. 

In  M'Quade  v.  Charlton(t\  the  claimant  was, 
with  other  men,  in  the  employment  of  a  company 
which  carried  on  an  extensive  drapery  business 
in  Belfast.  Under  his  contract  he  was  to  be  paid 
a  yearly  salary,  to  be  boarded  by  the  company, 
and  to  have  a  bedroom  so  long  as  he  remained  in 
their  service,  the  service  being  determinable  by 

(«)  (1896)  1  Q.  B.  395. 

(*)  (1904)  2  I.  K.  383.  It  is  thought  unnecessary  to  discuss  the 
decision  in  Stribling  v.  I  false  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  1).  246,  which  is  now 
generally  recognised  as  being  erroneous.  In  Barnett  v.  Hickmott 
and  Clutterbtick  v.  Taylor,  supra,  the  Court  refused  to  extend  the 
principle  of  that  decision  ;  and  in  M'Quade  v.  Charlton,  supra,  the 
Irish  Court  of  Appeal,  consisting  of  the  Chief  Justice  and  three 
Lords  Justices,  declined  to  follow  it. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  s.  notice.  There  was  a  bolt  inside  the  bedroom  to 
fasten  the  door,  but  the  claimant  had  not  the  key. 
The  manager  could  change  an  employee  from  one 
bedroom  to  another,  if  necessary.  There  were 
rules,  understood  in  the  house,  regulating  the 
occupation  of  bedrooms,  which  were  as  follows : — 
(1)  the  claimant  could  not  leave  his  business  in  the 
shop  to  go  to  his  bedroom  without  permission ; 
on  Saturday  the  bedrooms  were  closed  up  to 
2  p.m.  for  cleaning.  It  was  also  understood  that 
an  employee  must  not  be  in  his  bedroom  between 
1 1  a.m.  and  1  p.m.  on  Sunday.  It  was  held  that 
the  claimant  was  not  entitled  to  the  franchise. 

On  the  other  hand,  in  Adams  v.  Ford(r\  it  was 
held  that  the  appellant,  who  was  in  the  employ- 
ment of  poor  law  guardians,  and  as  part  of  his 
salary  was  allowed  to  have  the  exclusive  occupation 
of  a  sitting-room  and  bedroom  in  the  main  building 
of  the  workhouse,  occupied  a  "  dwelling-house " 
within  the  meaning  of  sect.  3  of  the  Representa- 
tion of  the  People  Act,  1884.  Further,  it  is  clear 
from  the  case  of  Kent  v.  Fittall  (s)  (decided  under 
sect.  3  (2)  of  the  Act  of  1867)  that  it  is  possible 
for  one  room  to  be  a  "  dwelling-house "  within 
sect.  5  (*)  of  the  Act  of  1878. 

(2)  In  order  to  come  within  this  proviso  it 
must  be  shown  that  the  person  in  question  is 
a  man  who  himself  inhabits  .  ,  ,  by  virtue  of 
any  office  service  or  employment. 

(•/•)  (1885),  16  Q.  B.  I).  239. 
(«)  (1906)  1  K.  B.  60  (C.  A.}. 
(«)  Set  out  at  p.  50,  aupra. 


FRANCHISE  OF  SERVANT.  «> 

in  Dover  v.  Prosser  (11),  Alverstone,  C.J.,  in  Sect- 3* 
dealing  with  the  meaning  of  similar  words  in 
sect.  3  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act, 
1884,  said  :  "  The  governing  test  in  cases  of  this 
sort  is  whether  or  not  the  occupier  of  the  pre- 
mises in  respect  of  which  the  claim  is  made  is 
required  to  occupy  them  either  by  the  express 
terms  of  his  employment  or  by  the  nature  of  his 
duties.  If  he  is  merely  permitted  but  not  obliged 
to  occupy  the  premises  so  long  as  he  performs 
certain  duties  that  is  not  an  occupation  by  virtue 
of  any  office  service  or  employment." 

(3)  It  is  a  condition  required  by  proviso  (i)  that 
the  dwelling-house  is  not  inhabited  by  the  person 
in  whose  service  he  is  in  such  office  service  or 
employment. 

The  words  of  proviso  (i),  although  similar  to, 
are  not  identical  with,  the  words  of  sect.  3  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1884.  The 
corresponding  words  in  sect.  3  of  the  latter  Act 
are  "the  dwelling-house  is  not  inhabited  by  any 
person  under  whom  such  man  serves  in  such  office 
service  or  employment."  The  words  used  in 
proviso  (i)  set  out  above  remove  the  difficulties 
which  arose  under  sect.  3  of  the  Act  of  1884  in 
determining  in  certain  cases  whether  a  dwelling- 
house  was  inhabited  by  any  person  "  under 
whom "  the  person  claiming  to  be  registered 
served.  The  words  "  a  person  in  whose  service 

(a)  (1904)  1  K.  B.  at  p.  85  ;  see  also  the  cases  referred  to  in  this 
case,  also  Aitchi*on  v.  Lothian  (1890),  18  Ct.  of  Sess.  Gas.  (4th 
Series)  337. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  s.  ne  is  "  used  in  proviso  (i)  can  refer  only  to  the 
immediate  employer  of  the  person  claiming  to  be 
registered. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  absence  on  military 
service  would  debar  a  man  from  obtaining  the 
local  government  franchise  under  sect.  3,  pro- 
viso (i)  of  the  present  Act,  notwithstanding  that 
his  family  resided  in  the  dwelling-house  during 
his  absence. 

Thus,  in  the  case  of  Spittall  v.  Brook  (v), 
decided  under  the  Representation  of  the  People 
Act,  1884,  s.  3  (the  language  of  which,  as  pointed 
out  above,  was  similar  to  that  of  proviso  (i)  now 
under  discussion),  it  was  held  that  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  who  resided  with  his  family  in  bar- 
racks, but  during  twenty-seven  days  of  the  quali- 
fying year  was  compulsorily  absent  from  the 
constituency,  was  not  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  elector,  notwithstanding  that 
his  rooms  were  occupied  during  his  absence  by 
his  furniture  and  his  family. 

Sect.  7  (1)  of  the  present  Act  provides  that: 
"  Where  land  or  premises  are  in  the  joint  occu-* 
pation  of  two  or  more  persons,  each  of  the  joint 
occupiers  shall,  for  the  purposes  of  this  Part  (x) 
of  this  Act,  be  treated  as  occupying  the  premises, 
subject  as  follows:  .  .  .  (c)  Not  more  than  two 
joint  occupiers  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered 


(v}  (1886),  18  Q.  B.  D.  426.  See  also  Ford  v.  Barnes  (1885), 
16  Q.  B.  D.  254;  Donoghue  v.  Brook  (1887),  57  L.  J.  Q.  B.  122; 
Duffy  v.  Chambers,  Ferguson  v.  Black  (1889),  26  L.  R.  Ir.  100. 

(aj)  I.e.,  Parti.,  sects.  1—10. 


LODGERS.  -57 

in  respect  of  the  same  land  or  premises,  unless      sect.  8. 
they  are  bona  fide  engaged  as  partners  carrying 
on  their  profession,  trade  or  business  on  the  land 
or  premises." 

The  meaning  of  the  words  "  joint  occupation  " 
in  sect.  7(1)  presents  no  difficulties,  but  it  must  be 
remembered  that  each  of  the  joint  owners  or 
tenants  in  order  to  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
must  fulfil  the  conditions  of  "  occupation,"  which 
are  dealt  with  on  pp.  43  —  45  and  25  —  27,  supra, 
and  further,  not  more  than  two  persons  can  be 
registered  as  joint  occupiers  unless  they  fulfil  the 
condition  mentioned  in  sect.  7  (1)  set  out  above. 
As,  however,  there  may  be  constructive  occu- 
pation (y\  the  occupation  of  one  of  several  joint 
owners  or  tenants  on  his  own  behalf  and  on 
behalf  of  the  other  joint  owners  or  tenants  would 
entitle  all  of  them  to  be  placed  upon  the  re- 
gister^). This,  however,  is  not  so  if  the  occu- 
pation of  the  joint  occupier  or  occupiers  on  behalf 
of  the  others  is  based  on  an  illegal  contract, 
as.  for  instance,  a  partnership  of  more  than  20 
persons  (a). 

As  to  the  second  meaning  (b)  given  by  sect.  3 
to  the  word  u  tenant,"  i.e.,  the  meaning  given  by 
proviso  (ii)  in  that  section,  such  proviso  states 
that  the  word  tenant  (in  sect.  3)  shall  include 
a  person  who  occupies  a  room  or  rooms  as  a 


{#)  See  pp.  44,  45,  and  p.  26, 

(z)  Jones  v.  Pritchard  (1891),  1  Pox  &  Smith,  259. 

(a)  Harris  v.  Amery  (1865),  35  L.  J.  C.  P.  89. 

(?>)  As  to  the  first  meaning,  SPG  pp.  43,  44,  and  25  —  27, 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

lodger  only  where  such  room  or  rooms  are  let 
td  him  in  an  unfurnished  state.  Accord- 
ingly, a  lodger  who  occupies  a  room  or  room& 
in  the  local  government  electoral  area  let  to  him 
in  an  unfurnished  state  is  to  be  deemed  a  tenant 
and  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local  govern- 
ment elector  for  such  area. 

The  chief  difference  between  a  tenant  and  a 
lodger  is  that  the  latter  is  entitled  to  live  in  his 
lodgings  by  reason  of  a  purely  personal  contract 
between  himself  and  his  landlord,  and  has  no 
estate,  legal  or  equitable,  in  the  -premises  in  which 
he  lodges  (c).  If  the  landlord  retains  a  general 
control  and  dominion  over  the  premises,  including 
the  part  inhabited  by  the  person  in  question,  that 
person  is  a  lodger  (d).  On  the  other  hand,  a 
tenant  has  some  estate  or  interest  carved  out  of 
the  estate  or  interest  of  his  landlord  (e).  He 
has  exclusive  possession  (in  the  legal  sense)  of  the 
premises  (/),  and,  if  wrongfully  dispossessed,  can 
recover  possession  by  law,  whereas  if  the  personal 
contract  between  a  lodger  and  his  landlord  is 
broken,  and  the  lodger  turned  out,  his  only 
remedy  at  law  is  in  damages  (g).  The  occupier 
does  not  necessarily  cease  to  be  a  tenant  merely 

(c)  See  AucketiU  v.  Jlaylis  (1882),  10  Q.  B.  D.  at  p.  587. 

(d)  Watkins  v.  Milton,  &c.   Overseers  (1868),  L.  E.  3  Q.  B.   at 
pp.  356,  357  ;  Allan  v.  Liverpool,  Intnan  v.  KirlcdaU  (1874),  L.  E. 
9  Q.  B.  at  pp.    191,  192;   Cory  v.  Dristow  (1877),  2  App.  Gas.   at 
p.  276;  Kent  v.  Fittall,  (1906)  1  K.  B.  60  (C.  A.). 

(e)  Keith  v.  Twentieth  Century  Club  (1904),  90  L.  T.  775. 
(/)  Taylor  v.  Caldwell  (1863),  3  B.  &  S.  826,  832. 

(.'/)   Wright  v.  Stavert  (1859),  2  E.  &  E.  721. 


"  OCCUPATION  "  BY  LODGER.  59 

because  the  landlord  resides  on  the  premises  and      Sect-  8 
retains  control  of  the  passages  and  staircases  and 
other  parts  used  in  common  (h). 

It  should  be  noticed  that  the  meaning  of  the 
word  "  occupy  ing"  when  used  of  a  lodger  must 
of  necessity  bear  a  different  meaning  from  that 
which  it  bears  in  sect.  1  of  the  Act(/)  and  in 
sect.  3  when  used  of  an  owner  or  tenant  (/).  A 
lodger  does  not  (since  his  occupation  depends,  as 
pointed  out  above,  merely  on  a  personal  contract 
with  his  landlord)  fulfil  the  conditions  of  occupa- 
tion in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word,  i.e.  "  the  actual 
exercise  of  the  rights  of  the  owner  in  posses- 
sion "  (&) ;  e.g.  a  lodger  has  no  legal  remedy  against 
a  person  who  merely  enters  his  lodging  and  dis- 
turbs his  privacy  (/),  nor  can  a  lodger  eject  a 
trespasser  with  impunity  (m).  Moreover,  the  land- 
lord maintains  under  the  contract  between  him 
and  his  lodger  a  general  right  of  control  over 
the  lodging.  In  what  sense,  then,  is  the  word 
"  occupying  "  used  in  connection  with  a  lodger? 
In  this  connection  the  word  bears  its  untech- 
nical  meaning  and  denotes  the  exercise  by  the 
lodger  of  his  rights  under  his  contract  with  his 
landlord.  Its  meaning  resembles  that  of  "  re- 
sidence "  (n),  the  residence,  of  course,  being  in 

(A)  Kent  v.   Fittall,   supra;  but   see  Douglaa  v.    Smith,   (1907) 
1  K.  B.  126 ;  (1907)  2  K.  B.  568  (C.  A.). 
(*')  See  pp.  25—27,  supra. 
(/)  See  pp.  43—45,  supra, 

(k)  Cook  v.  Number  (1862),  31  L.  J.  C.  P.  at  p.  75. 
(/)  Wright  T.  Stavert  (1859),  2  E.  &  E.  721. 
(«i)  Monk$  v.  Dyke*  (1839),  4  M.  &  W.  567. 
(n)  See  pp.  11 — 15,  mpr<t. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  8.  the  lodgings.  As  "  occupation"  in  this  connection 
approximates  closely  to  "  residence,"  it  follows 
that  the  physical  presence  of  the  lodger  in  his 
lodgings  is  not  always  necessary,  as  there  may 
be  a  constructive  occupation  (o)  of  the  lodgings, 
provided,  of  course,  that  the  contract  between  the 
lodger  and  the  landlord  continues. 

Sect.  7  (1)  applies  equally  to  occupation  by 
lodgers,  which  may  therefore  be  joint,  as  in  the 
case  of  occupation  by  an  owner  or  tenant  (p). 
Although  no  doubt  the  case  will  seldom  arise  of 
joint  lodgers  "  carrying  on  their  profession  trade 
or  business  "  in  the  room  or  rooms  let  to  them 
unfurnished,  if  such  a  case  should  arise  the  pro- 
visions of  sect.  7  (1)  (c)  will  apply  (q). 

It  should  be  noted  that  sect.  7  (2)  (r)  has  no 
application  to  a  person  occupying  as  a  lodger. 

Any  land  or  premises  in  the  local  government 
electoral  area. 

The  words  "  any  land  or  premises "  are  very 
wide,  and  will  include  any  piece  of  land  or  any 
kind  of  structure  or  building  of  whatsoever  kind, 
or  any  part  thereof,  provided  it  is  capable  of 
being  "  occupied "  (s)  within  the  meaning  of 
sect.  3. 

It  may  be  pointed  out  that  where  the  require- 
ment for  occupation  for  thirty  consecutive  days, 
including  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period,  is 

(o)  See  pp.  13 — 15,  supra. 

(p)  See  pp.  56,  57,  tupra. 

(q)  Ibid. 

(r]  See  pp.  45,  46. 

($)  See  pp.  25-27,  43—45,  inprv. 


SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION.  HI 

applicable  (i),  there  is  nothing  to  prevent  the  con-      Sect.  3. 
ditions  laid  down  in  sect.  3  (a)  from  being  fulfilled 
by    occupation    during   such    thirty   consecutive 
days  (t)  partly  as  owner  and  partly  as  tenant, 
though  this  would,  of  course,  be  a  very  rare  case. 

(4. )  He  must  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying 
period  have  occupied  as  owner  or  tenant  any  land 
or  premises  in  the  local  government  electoral  area,  or 
if  that  area  is  not  an  administrative  county  or 
a  county  borough,  in  any  administrative  county 
or  county  borough  in  which  the  area  is  wholly 
or  partly  situate. 

He  must  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying 
period. — The  qualifying  period  (u)  is  a  period  of 
six  months  ending  either  on  January  15th  or  July 
15th,  including  in  each  case  the  fifteenth  day, 
and  corresponds  to  the  two  registers  of  electors, 
the  Spring  and  Autumn  Registers  (x). 

As  to  the  qualifying  period  in  the  case  of  a 
"  naval  or  military  voter,"  see  pp.  96,  97,  infra. 

Have  occupied  as  oiuner  or  tenant. — See  pp.  43 — 
60,  supra. 

Land  or  premises  in  the  local  government  electoral 
area. — As  to  the  meaning  of  "  land  or  premises," 
see  p.  60,  supra.  The  land  or  premises  occupied  as 
owner  or  tenant,  or  the  room  or  rooms  occupied 
as  a  lodger,  need  not  be  the  same  throughout  the 
qualifying  period,  although  they  must  be  within 
the  limits  mentioned  in  (4)  above  (y).  Thus,  a 

(t)  See  p.  43,  supra. 

(w)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  infra. 

(x}  See  pp.  95,  96,  infra. 

(y}  See  p.  41,  footnote  (/<),  8>'}>m. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  3.  man  who  moves  from  premises  outside  a  municipal 
borough  to  premises  within  the  borough  will  not 
lose  his  local  government  vote  provided  that  both 
sets  of  premises  are  ^within  one  administrative 
county.  If,  however,  the  subject-matter  of  the 
occupation  changes  during  the  qualifying  period, 
no  interval  of  time  must  elapse  between  the 
cessation  of  occupation  in  one  place  and  the 
beginning  of  occupation  in  another,  as  the  occu- 
pation must  be  "  during  the  whole  of  the  quali- 
fying period. "  On  the  other  hand  it  should  be 
remembered  that  the  physical  presence  of  the 
occupier  is  not  necessary  (#),  so  that,  taking  the 
case  of  a  tenant  as  an  illustration,  the  lease  of 
the  tenant  of  a  flat  might  end  during  the  course 
of  the  qualifying  period,  and  the  tenant  might, 
just  before  the  expiration  of  the  lease,  become 
tenant  of  a  flat  in  the  local  government  electoral 
area,  but  before  beginning  to  live  in  the  other  flat 
he  might  go  away  for  a  month's  holiday.  In  such 
a  case  the  "  occupation  "  would  be  unbroken. 

'There  is  nothing  in  sect.  3  to  prevent  the 
registration  as  a  local  government  elector  of  a 
man,  part  of  whose  qualification  during  a  single 
qualifying  period  was  obtained  by  virtue  of  his 
occupation  as  a  lodger  in  rooms  let  to  him  un- 
furnished, and  part  by  virtue  of  his  occupation  as 
owner  or  tenant  (properly  so  called)  of  land  or 
premises. 

If  that  area  is  not  an  administrative  county 
or  a  county  borough,  in  any  administrative 

(2)  See  pp.  44,  45,  supra. 


WOMEN'S  FRANCHISES. 

Bounty  or  county  borough  in  which  the  area      Sect,  a 
is  wholly  or  partly  situate.  —  See  observations 
under  preceding  heading,  Land  or  premises  in 

the  local  government  electoral  area. 

In  England  "  an  administrative  county"  means 
the  area  for  which  a  county  council  is  elected  in 
pursuance  of  the  Local  Government  Act,  1888, 
but  does  not  include  a  county  borough  (a),  and 
the  only  county  boroughs  are  thdse  mentioned  in 
the  3rd  schedule  to  the  same  Act(#). 

In  Ireland  the  expression  "  administrative 
county  "  has  a  meaning  similar  to  that  which 
it  has  in  England  (<?). 

Sect.  3  of  the  present  Act,  set  out  on  pp.  40, 
41,  above,  has  no  application  to  Scotland,  but  by 
sect.  43  (3)  (d\  the  provisions  contained  in  that 
sub-section  apply  to  Scotland  in  lieu  of  the  provi- 
sions of  sect.  3. 


4.  —  (1)  A  woman  shall  be  entitled  to  be  F 

(  women) 

registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a 
constituency  (other  than  a  university  con- 
stituency)1 if  she— 

(a)  has  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years2  ; 

and 

(b)  is  not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity3  ; 

and 

1  See  p.  31,  footnote  («),  «u//m.  2  See  p.  67,  infra. 

'•'  See  pp.  67,  68,  infra. 


(a)  Local  Government  Act.  1888,  s.  100. 

(b)  Ibid.  s.  31. 

(c)  Local  Government  (Ireland)  Act,  1898,  s.  1. 
((?)  Set  out  at  pp.  310—313,  infra. 


t>4  KEPKE8ENTAT10N  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  4.  (c)  is  entitled  to  be  registered  us  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of 
the  occupation  in  that  constitu- 
ency of  land  or  premises  (not  being 
a  dwelling-house)  of  a  yearly  value 
of  not  less  than  five  pounds  or  of 
a  dwelling-house,  or  is  the  wife 
of  a  husband  entitled  to  be  so 
registered.4 

(2)  A  woman  shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a  uni- 
versity constituency5  if  she  has  attained  the 
age  of  thirty  years6  and   either  would   be 
entitled  to  be  so  registered  if  she  were  a 
man,  or  has  been  admitted  to  and  passed  the 
final  examination,  and  kept  under  the  con- 
ditions required  of  women  by  the  university 
the  period  of  residence,  necessary  for  a  man 
to  obtain  a  degree  at  any  university  forming, 
or  forming  part  of,  a  university  constituency 
which  did  not  at  the  time  the  examination 
was  passed  admit  women  to  degrees.7 

(3)  A  woman  shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered as  a  local  government  elector  for  any 
local  government  electoral  area — s 

(a)  where  she  would  be  entitled  to  be  so 
registered  if  she  were  a  man9 ;  and 

4  See  pp.  68 — 72,  infra.  8  See  p.  41,  footnotes  (m)  and 

3  See  p.  38,  supra.  (w).  supra. 

6  See  pp.  67  and  75,  infra.  »  See  pp.  73,  74,  infr.a. 

''  See  p.  73,  i-nfw. 


WOMEN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE.  65 

(b)  where  she  is  the  wife  of  a  man  who  is  sect.  4. 
entitled  to  be  so  registered  in  re- 
spect of  premises  in  which  they 
both  reside,  and  she  has  attained 
the  age  of  thirty  years  and  is  not 
subject  to  any  legal  incapacity.10 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision, 
a  naval  or  military  voter  who  is 
registered  in  respect  of  a  residence 
qualification  which  he  would  have 
had  but  for  his  service,  shall  be 
deemed  to  be  resident  in  accor- 
dance with  the  qualification.11 

NOTE.  —  Sect.  4  lays  down  the  conditions  which 
must  be  fulfilled  in  order  to  entitle  a  woman  to 
be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  and  as  a 
local  government  elector.  These  conditions  as 
regards  the  right  to  registration  as  a  parlia- 
mentary elector  are  :  — 

I.  In  the  case  of  a  constituency  other  than  a  Pariiamen- 

.,  ...  ,    x  tary  franchise 

university  constituency  (e)  —  (women)  in 

(I)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years,  other  than 


(2)  She  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity, 

(3)  She  must  (a)  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  eucies' 
local  government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  in 
that  constituency  (i)  of  land  or  premises  (not  being  a 

10  See  up.  75,  76,  infra.        u  See  p.  76,  infra. 


(e)  As  to  meaning  of   "constituency  other  than  a   university 
constituency,"  see  footnote  (a)  on  p.  3,  supra. 

F.  5 


tib 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 


Parliamen- 
tary franchise 
(women)  in 
university 
constitu- 


Sect.  4.  dwelling-house)  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  five 
pounds  or  (ii)  of  a  dwelling -house,  or  (b)  be  the  wife 
of  a  husband  entitled  to  be  so  registered. 

II.  In  the  case  of  a  university  constituency  (/)— 

(1)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years. 

(2)  She  must  (a)  fulfil  the  conditions  which  if  she 
were  a  man  would  entitle  her  to  be  registered  as  a 
parliamentary  elector  for  a  university  constituency  or 
(b)  have  been  admitted  to  and  passed  the  final  exami- 
nation,  and  kept   under   the   conditions   required   of 
women  by  the  university  the  period  of  residence,  neces- 
sary for  a  man  to  obtain  a  degree  at  any  university 
forming,  or  forming  part  of,  a  university  constituency 
which  did  not  at  the  time  the  examination  was  passed 
admit  women  to  degrees. 

There  are  two  alternative  sets  of  conditions 
one  or  other  of  which  must  be  fulfilled  in  order 
to  entitle  a  woman  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  for  a  local  government  elec- 
toral area.  These  sets  of  conditions  are  :— 

A.— 

(1)  She  must  be  of  full  age  (twenty -one  years). 

(2)  She  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity. 

(3)  She  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period 
be  occupying  as  owner  or  tenant -any  land  or  premises 
in  the  local  government  electoral  area. 

(4)  She  must  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying 
period  have  occupied  as  owner  or  tenant  any  land  or 
premises  in  the  local  government  electoral  area,  or  if 
that  area  is  not  an  administrative  county  or  a  county 
borough,  in  any  administrative  county  or  county  borough 
in  which  the  area  is  wholly  or  partly  situate. 

(/)  As  to  "university  constituency,"  see  p.  38, 


Local 

government 

franchise 

(women). 


LEGAL  INCAPACITIES  (WOMEN).  67 

Or  B.—  Sect.  4. 

(1)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  years. 

(2)  She  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity. 

(3)  She  must  be  the  wife  of  a  man  who  is  entitled 
to  be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  in  respect 
of  premises  in  which  they  both  reside. 

I.  —  In  the  case  of  a  constituency  other  than  a  Parliamen- 

tary franchise 
university  constituency  —  (women)  in 

constituencies 


(1)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty  ot 

*    university 

years.  —  See  p.  4,  supra.  The  remarks  there 
made  apply  equally  here,  with  the  exception  that 
the  age  of  thirty  years  must  be  substituted  for 
that  of  twenty  one  years  or  "  full  age." 

(2)  She  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  in- 
capacity. —  See  pp.  4  —  8,  supra.     With  the  excep- 
tions mentioned  below,  the  incapacities  attaching 
to  men  would  no  doubt  apply  equally  to  women, 
but  it  must  be  remembered  that  certain   offices 
which  deprive  a  man  of  the  status  of  a  parlia- 
mentary elector  have  not  as  yet  been  open  to  or 
held  by  women. 

Dealing  with  the  list  of  persons  who  are  legally 
incapacitated,  which  is  set  out  on  pp.  5  —  7,  supra, 
as  to  the  first  head,  sect.  9  (5)  of  the  present  Act 
expressly  declares  that  a  peeress  in  her  own  right 
is  not  under  any  legal  incapacity  which  prevents 
her  from  being  registered  or  voting,  and  although 
there  is  no  express  provision  to  that  effect,  it  is 
clear  that  a  peeress  by  marriage  would  not  be 
subject  to  any  incapacity,  as  the  constitutional 
reasons  for  which  peers  are  excluded  from  the 

5(2) 


68  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sbot.  4.  parliamentary  franchise  have  no  application  to 
women  (y). 

As  to  the  second  head  (h)  in  such  list,  viz., 
"  a  person  holding  any  one  of  certain  offices," 
women  are  not  eligible  for  these  offices,  so  that 
this  incapacity  does  not  apply  to  them. 

As  to  head  (3),  viz.,  "  an  infant,"  it  is  clear  that 
a  woman  under  the  age  of  thirty  is  legally  inca- 
pacitated with  respect  to  the  parliamentary  fran- 
chise as  though  she  were  an  infant  of  the  other  sex. 

As  to  the  persons  included  under  heads  (4)  to 
(8)(/),  (viz.,  an  alien,  an  idiot,  a  lunatic  who  is 
not  at  the  time  of  voting  in  a  lucid  interval,  an 
imbecile  who  is  not  at  the  time  of  voting  eompos 
mentis,  a  person  convicted  of  treason  or  felony 
and  sentenced,  unless  he  has  suffered  his  punish- 
ment T  received  a  free  pardon),  the  incapacities 
referre  to  would  apply  equally  to  women  as  to 
men.  The  same  is  true  of  all  the  remaining 
classes  of  persons  mentioned  under  heads  (9)  to 
(16)  on  pp.  6,  7,  supra. 

As  to  head  (IT),  conscientious  objectors,  who 
come  within  the  provisions  of  sect.  9  (2)  of  the 
present  Act,  this  class  of  persons  can  never  include 
a  woman,  and  it  is  expressly  provided  by  sect.  9  (2) 
that  any  incapacity  attaching  to  such  conscientious 
objector  shall  not  affect  the  rights  of  his  wife. 

(3)  She  must  (a)  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a 
local  government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occu- 
pation in  that  constituency  (i)  of  land  or  pre- 

(g)  See  Chorlton  v.  Linys  (1868),  L.  R.  6  C.  P.  374  ;  Btanchmnp 
(Earl]  v.  Madresfield  (1872),  L.  R.  8  C.  P.  24d. 
(h]  See  p.  5,  supra. 
(t)  See  pp.  5,  6,  8iq.>ra. 


WOMEN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE. 

mises  (not  being  a  dwelling-house)  of  a  yearly      Sect.  4. 
value  of  not  less  than  five  pounds,  or  (ii)  of  a 
dwelling-house,  or  (b)  be  the  wife  of  a  husband 
who  is  entitled  to  be  so  registered. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  there  is  a  material 
difference,  besides  that  of  age,  between  the  quali- 
fications which  confer  the  parliamentary  franchise 
(in  constituencies  other  than  university  constitu- 
encies) on  a  woman  and  those  which  confer  it  on 
a  man.  Those  qualifications  in  the  case  of  a 
man  depend  on  residence  or  on  the  occupation 
of  business  premises  (A),  and  are  distinct  from 
the  local  government  franchise  (I).  In  order  to 
entitle  a  woman  to  the  parliamentary  franchise, 
she  must  be  (1)  qualified  as  a  local  government 
elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  a  particular 
kind  of  premises,  or  (2)  the  wife  of  a  man  so 
qualified. 

The  occupation  here  required  is  the  same  as 
that  required  in  the  case  of  a  man  by  sect.  3,  i.e.  it 
must  be  occupation  as  owner  or  tenant  or  by  virtue 
of  an  office  service  or  employment  or  as  a  lodger 
in  a  room  or  rooms  let  unfurnished.  As  to  what 
constitutes  such  occupation,  see  pp.  43 — 60,  supra. 

In  applying  what  is  said  on  pp.  56,  57,  59,  supra, 
with  regard  to  joint  occupation  to  the  women's 
franchise  now  under  consideration,  it  is  important 
to  notice  the  provisions  of  sect.  7  (1)  (b),  which  are 
as  follows: — "In  the  case  of  the  occupation  of 
land  or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling-house)  the 
aggregate  yearly  value  thereof  must  for  the  pur- 

(A-)  See  sect.  1,  pp.  1 — 3,  supra. 
(1}  See  sect.  3,  pp.  40,  41,  supra. 


70  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  4.  pose  of  the  parliamentary  franchise  of  women  be 
not  less  than  the  amount  produced  by  multiplying* 
five  pounds  by  the  number  of  joint  occupiers." 

Further,  the  provisions  of  sect.  7(1)  (c),  dealt 
with  on  pp.  56,  57,  59,  supra,  are  of  course  equally 
applicable  here. 

The  particular  kind  of  premises  must  be  either 
(1)  land  or  premises  which  are  not  a  dwelling- 
house  (such  land  or  premises  being  of  a  yearly 
value  of  not  less  than  5/.),  or  (2)  a  dwelling- 
house — such  particular  kind  of  premises  being  in 
the  constituency  for  which  the  woman  is  to  be 
registered.  The  premises  other  than  land  just 
referred  to  under  (1)  can  be  any  building  or 
structure  of  whatsoever  kind,  or  any  part  thereof, 
so  long  as  it  is  capable  of  being  occupied  and  is 
of  the  yearly  value  of  5/.  As  to  the  meaning  of 
''dwelling-house,"  see  pp.  49 — 54,  supra. 

It  is  submitted,  although  it  is  a  difficult  point,  that 
the  expression  "  dwelling-house  "  in  sect.  4  (1)  (c) 
does  not  include  lodgings.  As  was  pointed  out 
on  p.  49,  supra,  by  sect.  41  (8)  "  the  expression 
1  dwelling-house '  includes  any  part  of  a  house 
where  that  part  is  occupied  separately  as  a  dwell- 
ing-house," but  a  lodger  does  not,  in  the  legal 
sense,  occupy  his  lodgings  (m).  It  would  therefore 
appear,  however  unsatisfactory  such  a  conclusion 
may  be  to  many  persons,  that  in  order  to  qualify 
under  sect.  4  ( 1 )  (c),  a  woman  who  is  a  lodger  must 
have  lodgings  of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  5/. 

(m)  See  Kettt  v.  Fittall,  (1906)  1  K.  B.  60  (C.  A.),  and  pp.  25,  26, 
57 — 59,  supra. 


WOMEN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE.  71 

AH    to    the 'meaning    of    "yearly  value,"    see      Sect.  4. 
pp.  28 — 33,  supra. 

As  to  the  alternative  qualification  mentioned 
under  3  (b)  on  pp.  68,  69,  in  order  to  obtain  this 
qualification,  the  husband  of  the  woman  to  be 
registered  must  be  qualified  in  the  same  way  as  a 
woman  must  be  under  3  (a)  on  p,  68,  i.e..  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation 
in  the  constituency  of  land  or  premises  (not  being 
a  dwelling-house)  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less 
than  five  pounds  or  of  a  dwelling-house. 

As  to  the  qualifying  period  applicable  to  the 
husband  where  he  is  a  "naval  or  military  voter," 
see  pp.  96,  97,  infra. 

It  may  be  pointed  out  that  it  will  not  in  every 
case  be  necessary  for  the  husband  himself  to  be 
in  actual  occupation  of  the  premises  in  order  that 
his  wife  should  obtain  the  local  government  fran- 
chise, provided  that  he  fulfils  the  conditions  of 
constructive  occupation  (»). 

It  is  also  clear,  from  the  express  words  of  the 
section,  that  for  the  wife  to  be  qualified,  it  is  not 
necessary  for  the  husband  to  be  in  fact  registered, 
it  is  sufficient  if  he  is  entitled  to  be  registered. 

The  meaning  of  the  words  in  that  constituency 
in  sect.  4  (1)  (c)  raises  a  question  of  some  difficulty. 
One  of  the  requirements  of  the  parliamentary 
franchise  for  women  under  sect.  4  (1)  is  that  she 
must  be  "  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation 
in  that  constituency  of  land  or  premises  .  .  .  ." 
By  sect.  4  (3),  she  "shall  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 

(//)  See  pp.  44,  45,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  4.     tered  as  a  local  government  elector  for  any  local 
government  electoral  area — 

(a)  where  she  would  be  entitled  to  be  so  regis- 

tered if  she  were  a  man ;  .  .  .  ." 
By  sect.    3    "  a  man   shall  be    entitled    to  be 
registered  as  a  local   government    elector  for  a 
local  government  electoral  area  if  he    .    .    .    . 

(b)  has,   during    the  whole  of   the  qualifying 

period,  so  occupied  (i.e.,  as  owner  or 
tenant)  any  land  or  premises  in  that 
area,  or  if  that  area  is  not  an  adminis- 
trative county  or  a  county  borough  in 
any  administrative  county  or  county 
borough  in  which  the  area  is  wholly  or 
partly  situate  :  .  .  ." 

The  question  therefore  arises  whether  the  words 
u  in  that  constituency  "  in  sect.  4  (1)  (c)  limit  the 
area  within  which  the  land  or  premises  which 
qualify  a  woman  for  the  parliamentary  franchise 
must  be,  to  the  constituency  for  which  she  is  to 
be  registered,  or  whether  the  wider  area  described 
in  the  words  quoted  above  from  sect.  3  is  to  be 
taken  as  being  referred  to  by  implication  in 
sect.  4  (1)  (c)  as  the  area  within  which  the  quali- 
fying land  or  premises  may  be. 

Although  it  would  seem  probable  that  the  Legis- 
lature intended  that  the  first  of  these  interpreta- 
tions should  be  given  to  the  sections  in  question, 
it  is  submitted  that  sect.  4(1)  (c)  should  be  con- 
strued according  to  the  plain  meaning  of  its  express 
words,  and  that  therefore  the  qualifying  land  or 
premises  must  be  situated  in  the  constituency  for 
which  the  woman  is  seeking  to  be  registered. 


WOMEN'S  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FRANCHISE. 
As  to  the  manner  in  which  a  woman  who  is  a      Sect.  4. 


"naval  or  military  voter"  can  obtain  the  parlia- 
mentary franchise,  see  pp.  93,  94,  infra. 

II.  In  the  case  of  a  university  constituency— 

(1)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty 
years. — See   p.  67,    supra.     The   remarks   there 
made  apply  equally  here,  except  that  the  age  of 
thirty   years   must    be    substituted    for   that    of 
twenty-one  years  or  "  f ull  age." 

(2)  She  must  (a)  fulfil  the  conditions  which  if  she 
were  a  man  would  entitle  her  to  be  registered  as 
a  parliamentary  elector  for  a  university  con- 
stituency  or   (b)   have  been   admitted   to    and 
passed  the  final  examination,  and  kept  under  the 
conditions  required  of  women  by  the  university 
the  period  of  residence,  necessary  for  a  man  to 
obtain  a  degree  at  any  university  forming,  or 
forming  part  of,  a  university  constituency  which 
did  not  at  the  time  the  examination  was  passed 
admit  women  to  degrees. 

As  to  (a)  above,  see  s.  2  and  pp.  38,  39,  supra. 
As  to  (b)  above,  the  only  universities  where  women 
are  not  admitted  to  degrees  are  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge. 

As  was   pointed   out    on    p.    66,    supra,  there  Local 

r  .   .  government 

are  two  alternative  sets  of  conditions  there  re-  franchise 
ferred  to  under  the  headings  A  and  B,  one  or 
other  of  which  sets  of  conditions  must  be  fulfilled 
in  order  to  entitle  a  woman  to  be  registered  as  a 
local  government  elector  for  a  local  government 
electoral  area. 

(1)  She  must  be  of  full  age. — See  p.  4,  supra. 
*rhe  local  government  franchise  is  given  to  women 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  4.  at  the  same  age  as  to  men,  viz.  at  twenty-one 
years,  and  not  at  thirty,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
parliamentary  franchise  for  women. 

(2)  She   must  not   be   subject  to  any  legal   inca- 
pacity.— See  pp.  67,  68,  supra. 

The  nature  of  the  incapacity  is  the  same  here 
as  in  the  case  of  a  parliamentary  elector  (p).  and 
what  is  said  on  pp.  67,  68,  supra,  as  to  the  legal  in- 
capacities of  female  parliamentary  electors  applies 
equally  here,  except  that  no  question  arises  in 
regard  to  the  position  of  peeresses,  as  peers  are 
tinder  no  incapacity  in  respect  of  the  local  govern- 
ment franchise  (q). 

(3)  She  must  on   the   last   day    of  the  qualify  ing 
period  be  occupying  as  owner  or  tenant  any  land  or 
premises  in  the  local  government  electoral  area. — See 
pp.  42 — 61,  supra,  where  everything  that  is  said 
with  regard  to  the  local  government  franchise  for 
men  applies  to  women. 

(4)  She  must  during  the  ivhole  of  the  qualifying 

period  have  occupied  as  owner  or  tenant  any  land  or 

premises  in  the  local  government  electoral  area,  or  if 

that  area  is  not  an  administrative  county  or  a  county 

borough,  in  any  administrative  county  or  county  borough 

in  whicJi  the  area  is  wholly  or  partly  situate. — See 

pp.  61 — 63,  supra.     Everything  there  said  applies 

here.     It  must  be  remembered  that  as  in  the  case 

of  a  man,  so  in  the  case  of  a  woman  who  is  a 


(l>)  See  pp.  4—5,  7 — 8,  supra, 
(q)  See  p.  42,  footnote  (o),  sxj.ru. 


WOMEN^S  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FRANCHISE.  75 

"  naval  or  military  voter,"  the  qualifying  period      Sect.  4. 
is  one  month  instead  of  six  months  (r). 

The  set  of  conditions  under  A  above  give  the 
effect  of  sect.  4  (3)  (a). 

B.- 

(1)  She  must  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty 
years. — As  to  this,  see  p.  67,  supra. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  the  necessary  age 
here  is  thirty  years,  as  in  the  case  of  the  parlia- 
mentary franchise  for  women,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  alternative  local  government  franchise 
under  heading  A  above,  in  which  case  the  neces- 
sary age  is  twenty-one  years. 

(2)  She  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal  inca- 
pacity.— See  p.  74,  supra. 

(3)  She  must  be  the  wife  of  a  man  who   is 
entitled   to  be    registered  as  a  local  government 
elector  in   respect  of  premises   in  which  they 
both  reside. — This  qualification  enfranchises  for 
local   government   purposes   all    married  women 
who  live  with  their  husbands  in  premises  in  re- 
spect   of   which    the   husband   is  entitled    to  be 
registered  as  a  local  government  elector. 

As  to  the  conditions  which  must  be  fulfilled  in 
order  to  entitle  a  man  to  be  so  registered,  see 
pp.  41,  42  et  seq.,  supra. 

The  words  "  premises  in  which  they  both  re- 
side "  do  not  necessitate  a  "  joint  occupation " 
within  the  meaning  of  sect.  3  on  the  part  of 
the  husband  and  wife.  All  that  is  required  is 
that  the}^  should  both  "  reside"  in  the  premises. 

(r)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  and  pp.  96,  97,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  4.     As  to  the  meaning  of   the  word   "reside,"  see 
pp.  11 — 16,  supra. 

The  following  words  at  the  end  of  sect.  4 
should  be  noticed  : — 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision,  a  naval  or 
military  voter  who  is  registered  in  respect  of  a 
residence  qualification  which  he  would  have 
had  but  for  his  service,  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
resident  in  accordance  with  the  qualification. 

Thus,  a  man  serving  in  India  in  connection 
with  the  War  who  but  for  such  service  would  be 
residing  with  his  wife  will  for  the  purpose  of  her 
enfranchisement  be  deemed  to  be  residing  in  the 
premises  where  his  wife  is  residing. 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  words  "a  naval  or 
military  voter,"  see  pp.  79 — 85,  infra.  As  to  the 
qualification  referred  to,  see  pp.  86 — 88,  infra. 

5. — (1)  A  person  to  whom  this  section 
applies  (in  this  Act  referred  to  as  "  a  naval 
or  military  voter  ")l  shall  be  entitled  to  be 
registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  any 
constituency  for  which  he  would  have  had 
the  necessary  qualification  but  for  the  service 
which  brings  him  within  the  provisions  of 
this  section.2 

The  right  to  be  registered  in  pursuance  of 
the  foregoing  provision  shall  be  in  addition 
to  any  other  right  to  be  registered,3  but  a 

1  See  pp.  79—85,  infra.     *  See  pp.  82—95,  infra. 
3  See  pp.  90,  91,  94,  infra 


NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTEUs. 

naval  or  military  voter  shall  not  be  entitled  sect.  5. 
to  be  registered  for  a  constituency  in  respect 
of  an  actual  residence  qualification  in  the 
constituency  except  on  making  a  claim  for 
the  purpose  accompanied  by  a  declaration  in 
the  prescribed  form  that  he  has  taken  rea- 
sonable steps  to  prevent  his  being  registered 
under  the  foregoing  provision  for  any  other 
constituency.4 

(2)  The  statement  of  any  person,  made  in 
the  prescribed  form  and  verified  in  the  pre- 
scribed manner,  that  he  would  have  had  the 
necessary   qualification  in  any  constituency 
but  for  the  service  which  brings  him  within 
the  provisions  of  this  section,  shall  for  all 
purposes  of  this  section  be  sufficient  if  there 
is  no  evidence  to  the  contrary. 

(3)  This  section  applies  to  any  person  who 
is  of  the  age  required  under  this  Act  in  the 
case  of  that  person6  and  is  not  subject  to  any 
legal  incapacity,7  and  who— 

(i)  is  serving  on  full  pay  as  a  member  of 

any  of  the  naval,  military  or    air 

forces  of  the  Crown8 ;  or 
(ii)  is  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection  with 

any  war  in  which  His  Majesty  is 

engaged,9  and  is 

4  See  pp.  91—93,  infra.  1  See  p.  82,  infra. 

8  See  pp.  82,  83,  infra. 
r'  See  pp.  80—82,  infra.  9  See  pp.  S3,  84,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THK  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  s.  (a)  in  service  of  a  naval  or  mili- 

tary character  for  which  payment 
is  made  out  of  moneys  provided 
by  Parliament,  or  (where  the  person 
serving  was  at  the  commencement 
of  his  service  resident  in  the  United 
Kingdom)  out  of  the  public  funds 
of  any  part  of  His  Majesty's  Do- 
minions, or  in  service  as  a  merchant 
seaman,  pilot,  or  fisherman,  includ- 
ing the  master  of  a  merchant  ship 
or  fishing  boat  and  an  apprentice 
on  such  ship  or  boat10 ;  or 

(b)  serving  in  any  work  of  the 
British  Red  Cross  Society,  or  the 
Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in 
England,  or  any  other  body  with  a 
similar  object ;  or 

(c)  serving   in    any   other    work 
recognised  by  the  Admiralty,  Army 
Council,  or  Air  Council,  as  work  of 
national  importance  in  connection 
with  the  war.11 

(4)  A  male  naval  or  military  voter  who 
has  served  or  hereafter  serves  in  or  in  con- 
nection with  the  present  war  shall,  notwith- 
standing anything  in  this  or  any  other  Act, 

10  See  pp.  83,  84,  Infra.  n  See  pp.  84,  85,  infra. 


NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamen-  __sect.  s. 
tary  elector  if  that  voter  at  the  commence- 
ment of   service    had   attained,    or   during 
service  attains,   the  age  of  nineteen  years, 
and  is  otherwise  qualified.12 

NOTE. — This  section  relates  only  to  the  parlia- 
mentary franchise,  and  applies  only  to  a  person 
who  comes  within  the  provisions  of  sub-sect.  (3) 
above.  Such  person  is  referred  to  in  this  Act  as 
a  naval  or  military  voter.  In  order  that  a  per- 
son should  come  within  this  description,  the  fol- 
lowing conditions  must  be  fulfilled  :— 

(1)  If  such  person   is  a   man,  he  must  be  of  full 
age,  or,  subject  to  certain  requirements  ( t\  younger  ; 
if  such  person  is  a  woman  (&),  she  must  have  attained 
the  age  of  thirty  years. 

(2)  Such  person   must  not   be   subject   to    any 
legal  incapacity. 

(3)  Suck  person  must  be  (i)  serving  on  full  pay  as 
a  member  of  any  of  the  naval,  military  or  air  forces 
of  the   Crown  ;  or  (ii)  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection 
with  any  war  in  which  His  Majesty  is  engaged,  and 

12  See  pp.  80—82,  infra. 


{i}  See  pp.  80 — 82,  infra. 

(u]  It  would  appear  that  sect.  5  is  not  confined  to  men  in  its 
application.  The  word  "person"  includes  both  men  and  women, 
an*  the  use  of  the  word  "male"  in  sub-section  (4)  indicates  that 
the  use  of  the  expression  "naval  or  military  voter "  is  not  confined 
to  men.  Moreover,  the  provisions  of  sub-sect.  (3)  (ii)  ( b)  show  beyond 
doubt  that  a  woman  can  be  a  naval  or  military  voter.  See  also 
Interpretation  Act,  1889,  s.  1  (1). 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.  (a)  in  service  of  a  naval  or  military  character  for 
which  payment  is  made  out  of  moneys  provided  by 
Parliament^  or  {where  the  person  serving  tvas  at  the 
commencement  of  his  service  resident  in  the  United 
Kingdom]  out  of  the  public  funds  of  any  part  of  His 
Majesty's  Dominions,  or  in  service  as  a  merchant 
seam<m,  pilot  or  fisherman,  including  the  master  of  a 
merchant  ship  or  fishing  boat,  and  an  apprentice  on 
such  ship  or  boat ;  or  (b)  serving  in  any  work  of  the 
British  Red  Cross  Society  or  the  Order  of  St.  Jolm 
of  Jerusalem  in  England,  or  any  other  body  with  a 
similar  object ;  or  (c)  serving  in  any  other  work 
recognised  by  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council  or  Air 
Council  as  work  of  national  importance  in  connection 
with  the  war. 

( 1)  If  such  person  is  a  man  he  must  be  of  full  age 
or  subject  to  certain  requirements  may  be  younger  ;  if 
such  person  is  a  woman  she  must  have  attained  the  age  of 
thirty  years. 

Sect.  5  (3)  states  that  this  section  (sect.  5) 
applies  to  any  person  who  is  of  the  age  re- 
quired under  this  Act  in  the  case  of  that  person* 
The  age  required  under  this  Act  is  in  the  case  of 
a  man.  subject  to  the  exception  contained  in  sect* 
5  (4),  full  age  or  twenty-one  years,  and  in  the 
case  of  a  woman  as  regards  the  parliamentary 
franchise  (to  which  the  above  section  alone  relates) 
thirty  years.  As  to  the  meaning  of  'k  full  age," 
see  p.  4,  supra.  As  to  the  meaning  of  "  thirty 
years,"  see  p.  67,  supra. 

Sect.  5  (4)  is  as  follows  : — A  male  naval  or 
military  voter  who  has  served  or  hereafter 


NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS  QUALIFIED  AT  NINETEEN.  81 

serves  in  or  in  connection  with  the  present  war  sect.  6 
shall,  notwithstanding  anything  in  this  or  any 
other  Act,  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  par- 
liamentary elector  if  that  voter  at  the  com- 
mencement of  service  had  attained,  or  during 
service  attains,  the  age  of  nineteen  years,  and 
is  otherwise  qualified. 

This  sub-section  applies  to  any  male  person 
who  falls  within  sect.  5  (3)  (i)  or  (ii)  above  and 
"  has  served  or  hereafter  serves  in  or  in  connec- 
tion with  the  present  war." 

The  words,  and  is  otherwise  qualified,  at  the 
end  of  the  sub-section  refer,  of  course,  to  the 
qualifications  for  the  franchise  required  by 
sect.  5(1)  (y). 

As  to  when  a  man  will  be  held  to  have  attained 
the  age  of  nineteen  years,  see  p.  4,  supra. 

It  seems  clear  that,  notwithstanding  the  lan- 
guage used  in  sect.  5  (4)  set  out  above,  as  in  the 
case  of  full  age,  so  here  the  age  of  nineteen  years 
must  be  attained  not  later  than  the  last  day  of 
the  qualifying  period  (2),  i.e.,  on  January  15th  or 
July  loth  as  the  case  may  be. 

The  effect  of  sub-sect.  (4)  is  to  enfranchise  all 
soldiers  and  sailors  and  other  men  who  come 
within  sect.  5  (3)(i)  and  (ii),  provided  they  have 
served  in  connection  with  the  war,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  subject,  of  course,  to  their  having  the 
requisite  qualifications  (y). 

It  must  further  be  noticed  that  it  is  only  while 

(y)  As  to  these  qualifications,  see  pp.  85,  86,  86 — 93. 
(2)  See  p.  4,  supra, 

F.  6 


82  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.  he  is  actually  serving  that  a  person  comes  within 
the  description  of  a  naval  or  military  voter,  and 
that  therefore  if  a  man  is  discharged  from  or 
otherwise  terminates  the  service  which  consti- 
tutes him  a  naval  or  military  voter  before  he  has 
attained  the  age  of  twenty-one,  he  is  legally  in- 
capacitated (e)  from  being  registered  or  voting 
during  the  interval  between  such  discharge  or  ter- 
mination and  the  time  when  he  attains  such  age. 

(2)  Such  person  must  not  be  subject  to  any  legal 
incapacity. — See  pp.  2 — 8,  67,  68,  supra. 

(3)  Such  person  must  be  (i)  serving  on  full  pay 
as  a  member  of  any  of  the  naval,  military  or  air 
forces  of  the  Crown. — Anyone  coming  within  this 
description  need  not  be  abroad  or  afloat  in  order 
to  qualify  for  the  vote  under  this  sub-section. 

It  is  believed  that  women  are  not  officially  re- 
cognised by  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council  or  Air 
Council  as  members  of  the  naval,  military  or  air 
forces  of  the  Crown,  but  Forms  (6)  and  (7)  in 
Part  V.  of  the  Schedule  to  the  Order  in  Council 
dated  March  4th,  1918,  set  out  on  pp.  573,  574, 
infra,  are  headed  "  Women  serving  with  the  Mili- 
tary Forces"  and  "  Women  serving  with  the  Air 
Force"  respectively.  Form  (8)  (a),  on  the  other 
hand,  is  headed  "  Women  serving  abroad  or  afloat 
in  connection  with  the  war."  In  view  of  the  fact 
that  by  sect.  5  (3)  (i)  it  is  only  a  person  "  serving 
on  full  pay  as  a  member  of  any  of  the  naval, 
military  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown  "  who  obtains 
the  franchise  as  a  naval  or  military  voter  without 

(«)  See  pp.  4 — 8,  supra. 
(a)  Set  out  on  p.  574,  infra. 


NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS.  83 

being  abroad  or  afloat,  it  would  appear  probable     Sect.  6. 
that  women,  e.g.  members  of  the  Women's  Army 
Auxiliary  Corps,  or  women  serving  with  the  Army 
Service  Corps  or  Royal  Air  Force  would  fulfil 
the  requirements  of  (3)  (i)  above. 

The  service  required  under  (3)  (i)  above  is  in 
no  way  dependent  on  the  existence  of  the  present 
or  any  other  war. 

Or  (ii)  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection  with 
any  war  in  which  His  Majesty  is  engaged  and 
is  (a)  in  service  of  a  naval  or  military  character 
for  which  payment  is  made  out  of  moneys  pro- 
vided by  Parliament  or  (where  the  person  ser- 
ving was  at  the  commencement  of  his  service 
resident  in  the  United  Kingdom)  out  of  the  public 
funds  of  any  part  of  His  Majesty's  Dominions, 
or  in  service  as  a  merchant  seaman,  pilot  or 
fisherman  including  the  master  of  a  merchant 
ship  or  fishing1  boat  and  an  apprentice  on  such 
ship  or  boat  or  (b)  serving  in  any  work  of  the 
British  Red  Cross  Society  or  the  Order  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem  in  England  or  any  other  body 
with  a  similar  object  or  (c)  serving  in  any  other 
work  recognised  by  the  Admiralty,  Army  Coun- 
cil, or  Air  Council  as  work  of  national  importance 
in  connection  with  the  war. 

Abroad. — This  means  outside  the  United  King- 
dom of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

Afloat.— By  sect.  41  (10)  (b)  of  the  present  Act 
this  word  "  shall  be  interpreted  in  accordance 

(b)  Set  out  at  p.  308,  infra. 

6(2) 


4  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.      with    rules  (e)    made    for    the  'purpose    by   the 
Admiralty." 

In  connection  with  any  war  in  which  His 
Majesty  is  engaged. — The  service  required  by 
sect.  5  (3)  (ii)  is  not  limited  to  the  present  war, 
but  may  be  in  connection  with  any  future  war. 
The  word  "  war"  here  would,  it  is  submitted,  be 
interpreted  as  including  only  a  state  of  hostilities 
between  his  Majesty  011  the  one  side  and  an  inde- 
pendent sovereign  State  on  the  other. 

In  service  of  a  naval  or  military  character  for 
which  payment  is  made  out  of  moneys  provided 
by  Parliament,  or  (where  the  person  serving  was 
at  the  commencement  of  his  service  resident  in 
the  United  Kingdom)  out  of  the  public  funds  of 
any  part  of  His  Majesty's  Dominions. — These 
words  are  wide  and  would  apparently  include 
persons  who,  being  paid  out  of  public  moneys, 
are  not  in  direct  naval  or  military  service,  for 
instance,  mine-sweepers  and  men  engaged  on 
labour  or  railway  work  connected  with  military 
operations.  They  would  also,  no  doubt,  include 
many  women  engaged  in  transport,  clerical,  and 
other  work,  directly  connected  with  hostilities,  as, 
for  example,  members  of  the  Women's  Army 
Auxiliary  Corps.  As  to  the  meaning  of  the  word 
resident,  see  pp.  11 — 16,  supra. 

As  to  head  (3)  (ii)  (c)  above,  this  category  of 
persons  includes  persons,  abroad  or  afloat,  serving 
in  any  work  recognised  by  the  Admiralty,  Army 
Council,  or  Air  Council  as  work  of  national  im- 
portance in  connection  with  the  war,  and,  like 

(c)  For  these  rules,  see  p.  628,  infra. 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS.  H5 

heads  3  (ii)  (a)  and  (b),  women  as  well  as  men.  Sect.  5. 
The  words,  work  recognised  by  the  Admiralty, 
Army  Council  or  Air  Council,  refer  to  the 
work  mentioned  on  p.  635,  infra.  It  should 
be  noticed  that  the  word  war  in  the  words 
in  connection  with  the  war  at  the  end  of  (c) 
above,  refers  to  the  words  in  (ii),  any  war  in 
which  His  Majesty  is  engaged,  and  therefore 
not  to  the  present  war  only. 

Having  dealt  with  the  question  who  is  a  naval  Qualifications 

.     .  11*1     of  naval  and 

or  military  voter,  it  is  now  necessary  to  deal  with  military 
the  qualifications  which  entitle  a  naval  or  military  v 
voter  (i.e.,  a  person  to  whom  sect.  5  applies)  to  be 
registered. 

These  qualifications  are  as  follows : — 

A. — A  male  naval  or  military  voter  shall  be  entitled 
to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  any 
constituency — 

(1)  If  he  would)  but  for  the  service  which  brings 
him  within  the  provisions  of  sect.  5,  have  had  (a)  the 
requisite  residence  qualification  in    the  constituency  : 
or  (b)  the  requisite  business  premises  qualification  in 
the  constituency  ;  or  (c)  in  the  case  of  a  university 
constituency   the  requisite  qualification  for  such  uni- 
versity constituency  ;  or 

(2)  If  he  has  the  requisite  business  premises  quali- 
fication in  the  constituency  ;  or 

(3)  If  he  has  the  requisite  residence  qualification  in 
the  constituency ',  provided  in  this  case  that  he  makes 
a  claim  for  the  purpose,  accompanied  by  a  declaration 
in  the  prescribed  form  ;  or 


86  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.          (4)  If  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency  he 
has  the  requisite  qualification  for  such  constituency. 

B.  —  A  female  naval  or  military  voter  shall 
be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  for  any  constituency— 

(1)  If  she  would  but  for  the  service  which  brings 
her  within   the  provisions  of  sect.   5  (a)  have  been 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector 
in  respect  of  the  occupation  in  that  constituency  of  land 
or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling-house]  of  a  yearly 
value  of  not  less  than  £5  or  of  a  dwelling-house  ;  or 
(b)  if,  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency,  she 
would  but  for  such  service  have  had  the  requisite  quali- 
fication for  such  university  constituency  ;  or 

(2)  If  she  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  in  that 
constituency  of  land  or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling- 
house)  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  £5  or  of  a 
dwelling  -house,  or  is  the  wife  of  a  husband  entitled  t<> 
be  so  registered  ;  or 

(3)  If  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency  she 
has  the  requisite  qualification  in  such  constituency. 

As  to  A.:—  A  male   naval    or   military  voter 


naval  and       shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamen- 
voters.          tary  elector  for  any  constituency— 

(1)  If  he   would  but  for  the   service  which 
brings  him  within  the  provisions  of  sect.  5  have 

had  (a)  the  requisite  residence  qualification  in  the 
constituency,  or  (b)  the  requisite  business  premises 
qualification  in  the  constituency,  or  (c)  in  the  case 
of  a  university  constituency  the  requisite  qualifica- 
tion for  such  university  constituency.  It  is  clear 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

that  this  is  the  meaning  of  the  first  sentence  of  Sect.  5. 
sect.  5(1).  The  words  in  that  section,  the  neces- 
sary qualification,  can  only  mean  the  requisite 
residence  qualification  or  the  requisite  business 
qualification  or  the  requisite  university  qualifi- 
cation. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  in  order  to  come 
within  the  description,  "  a  naval  or  military 
voter,"  a  person  must  have  fulfilled  the  con- 
ditions of  the  franchise  which  relate  to  age  and 
absence  of  legal  incapacity  (rf). 

The  words,  the  service  which  brings  him 
within  the  provisions  of  sect.  5,  refer,  of  course, 
to  the  various  kinds  of  service  mentioned  in 
sect.  5  (3)(0),  by  virtue  of  which  a  person  becomes 
a  "  naval  or  military  voter." 

As  to  the  meaning  of  (a)  the  requisite  residence 
qualification,  see  pp.  9 — 24,  supra.  As  to  the 
meaning  of  (b)  the  requisite  business  premises  quali- 
fication, see  pp.  £4 — 37,  supra. 

An  important  point  must  be  observed  with 
regard  to  the  requisite  residence  and  business 
premises  qualifications  in  their  application  to 
naval  and  military  voters.  By  the  proviso  in 
sect.  6  of  the  present  Act,  the  qualifying  period 
for  a  naval  or  military  voter  is  one  month,  ending 
either  on  January  15th  or  July  15th,  instead  of 
the  ordinary  qualifying  period  of  six  months.  In 
applying  the  observations  as  to  the  requisite  resi- 
dence qualification  on  pp.  9—24,  supra,  and  the 

(d)  See  pp.  79,  80—82,  supra, 

(e)  See  pp.  82 — 85,  gupra. 


88  KKPRFSKNTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

jBect.  5.  requisite  business  premises  qualification  on  pp. 
24 — 37,  supra,  to  naval  and  military  voters, 
this  difference  in  the  qualifying  period  must  be 
remembered. 

It  is  impossible  to  understand  fully  the  effect  of 
the  qualification  conferred  by  the  first  sentence  in 
sect.  5  (1),  and  stated  under  A.  (1)  on  p.  86,  with- 
out referring  shortly  to  the  method  and  machinery 
of  registration  connected  with  it.  By  Rule  17  of 
the  Registration  Rules  (/),  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
registration  officer  to  place  the  names  of  all  naval 
or  military  voters  (subject  to  the  two  exceptions 
there  mentioned(y)  )  on  the  absent  voters'  list. 
By  Rule  6  of  the  Registration  Rules  (h)  it  is 
the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  < '  to  cause  a 
house-to-house  or  other  sufficient  inquiry  to  be 
made  ...  of  all  persons  appearing  to  be  entitled 
to  be  registered  as  parliamentary  .  .  .  electors." 
In  the  course  of  this  inquiry  he  will  discover  the 
existence  of  a  number  of  men  and  women  absent 
on  various  kinds  of  war  service  in  his  registration 
area,  and  it  will  be  his  duty  to  ascertain  whether 
they  are  entitled  to  be  registered  on  the  absent 
voters'  list  as  naval  or  military  voters. 

By  sect.  5  (2),  the  statement  of  any  person, 
made  in  the  prescribed  form  and  verified  in  the 
prescribed  manner,  that  he  would  have  had  the 
necessary  qualification  in  any  constituency  but 
for  the  service  which  brings  him  within  the 

(/)  First  Schedule  to  the  present  Act,  pp.  345,  346,  infra.  See 
also  sect.  13,  pp.  133,  134,  infra. 

(</)  First  Schedule,  Rule  17  (a)  and  (b),  pp.  345,  346,  infra. 
(h)  First  Schedule,  p.  341,  infra. 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS.  89 

provisions  of  this  section,  shall  for  all  purposes     sect.  5. 
of  this  section  be  sufficient  if  there  is  no  evi- 
dence to  the  contrary. 

If  the  registration  officer  receives  such  a  state- 
ment from  a  naval  or  military  voter  in  his  regis- 
tration area  and  there  is  no  evidence  to  the 
contrary  (which  in  the  great  majority  of  cases 
there  will  not  be),  he  need  inquire  no  further  as 
to  that  person's  qualifications.  In  the  absence 
of  such  a  statement,  however,  it  becomes  the 
duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  ascertain 
whether  the  naval  or  military  voter  would  have  had 
the  requisite  residence  qualification  or  the  requisite 
business  premises  qualification  but  for  the  service 
which  makes  him  or  her  a  military  voter.  By 
Rule  18  of  the  Registration  Rules  (i)  the  Admi- 
ralty, Army  Council  and  Air  Council  are  to 
furnish  to  the  registration  officer  such  particulars 
concerning  naval  and  military  voters  uas  may  be 
necessary  for  the  purpose  of  their  registration." 
Notwithstanding  this  assistance,  however,  inquiry 
as  to  whether  or  not  a  particular  person  is  entitled 
to  be  registered  will,  as  was  pointed  out  in  dealing 
with  these  qualifications  under  sect.  I  (/),  fre- 
quently raise  questions  of  great  difficulty  and 
complexity,  which,  it  is  evident,  it  will  often  be 
impossible  for  the  registration  officer  to  investigate 
adequately  and  to  decide  in  the  case  of  an  absent 
person.  It  seems  certain,  therefore,  that  in  gene- 
ral the  qualification  of  naval  and  military  voters 

(f)  First  Schedule,  p.  346,  infra. 
( /)  See  pp.  9 — 37,  supra. 


90  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.  under  head  (1)  above  will  be  ascertained  in  u 
rough  and  ready  manner  by  the  registration 
officer,  and  probably,  in  the  case  of  the  requisite 
residence  qualification,  merely  by  learning  that 
the  person  to  be  registered  lived  in  a  particular 
house  before  undertaking  his  or  her  war  service. 

If  the  registration  officer  once  places  the  name 
of  any  naval  or  military  voter  on  the  register,  the 
register  will  be  conclusive  evidence  of  that  per- 
son's right  to  vote(/t:).  It  should,  of  course,  be 
remembered,  however,  that  on  a  scrutiny  the 
election  court  would  disallow  the  votes  of  persons 
under  a  legal  incapacity  (/). 

As  to  (<?),  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency 
the  requisite  qualification  for  such  university  con- 
stituency.— This  case  will  arise  very  rarely,  as  it 
is  only  where  the  naval  or  military  voter  has 
passed  the  necessary  examinations  and  kept  the 
necessary  residence  for  a  degree  but  has  not  yet 
been  admitted  to  such  degree  that  he  could  claim 
to  be  registered  under  this  head  (m). 

(2)  If  he  has  the  requisite  business  premises  qualifi- 
cation in  the  constituency. — In  sect.  5  (l)the  following 
words  appear  : — The  right  to  be  registered  in 
pursuance  of  the  foregoing  provision  (i.e.,  the 
first  sentence  in  sect.  5(1))  shall  be  in  addition 
to  any  other  right  to  be  registered.  It  follows, 
therefore,  that,  if  notwithstanding  his  service 

(£)  See  pp.  102—108,  infra. 
(/)  See  pp.  4—8,  102—108. 
(m]  See  pp.  38,  39,  supra. 


ACTUAL  RESIDENCE  QUALN.  OF  NAV.  AND  MIL.  VOTERS. 

within   the   meaning   of   sect.   5  (3)   a  naval   or     Sect.  5 
military  voter  has  in  fact  the  requisite  business 
premises  qualification  (n)  in  a  constituency,  he  is 
entitled  to  be  registered  in  such  constituency  by 
reason  of  that  qualification. 

In  considering  whether  a  naval  or  military 
voter  has  the  requisite  business  premises  qualifi- 
cation it  is  important  to  notice  the  modification 
in  the  length  of  the  qualifying  period  required, 
which  is  dealt  with  on  pp.  87,  88,  96,  97,  supra. 

It  should  be  observed  that  no  claim  is  necessary 
in  order  to  obtain  registration  under  head  (2). 

(3)  If  he  has  the  requisite  residence  qualification  in 
the  constituency,  provided  in  this  case  that  he  makes 
a  claim  for  the  purpose,  accompanied  by  a 
declaration  in  the  prescribed  form. 

By  sect.  5  (1)  ....  The  right  to  be  registered 
in  pursuance  of  the  foregoing  provision  (i.e.,  the 
provision  contained  in  the  first  sentence  in  sect.  5 ) 
shall  be  in  addition  to  any  other  right  to  be 
registered,  but  a  naval  or  military  voter  shall  not 
be  entitled  to  be  registered  for  a  constituency  in 
respect  of  an  actual  residence  qualification  in 
the  constituency  except  on  making  a  claim  for 
the  purpose  accompanied  by  a  declaration  in 
the  prescribed  form  that  he  has  taken  reasonable 
steps  to  prevent  his  being  registered  under  the 
foregoing  provision  for  any  other  constituency. 

Unlike  the  qualification  noticed  under  (2)  above, 
in  order  to  be  registered  by  virtue  of  an  actual 

(n)  See   pp.    24 — 37,    supra,    and   particularly    the   remarks   on 
constructive  occupation  on  pp.  26,  27, 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  6.  residence  qualification,  a  naval  or  military  voter 
must  make  a  claim  accompanied  by  the  declara- 
tion (n)  referred  to  in  that  part  of  sect.  5(1)  which 
is  set  out  above. 

It  is  submitted  that  the  words  actual  residence 
qualification  which  occur  there  are,  subject  to 
the  difference  in  the  length  of  the  qualifying 
period  pointed  out  on  pp.  87,  88,  supra,  equivalent 
to  the  words  "  requisite  residence  qualification"  (o) 
in  sect.  I  of  the  Act,  and  that  the  word  "  actual  " 
is  used  merely  to  distinguish  this  qualification 
from  a  residence  qualification  which  a  naval  or 
military  voter  "  would  have  had  "  "  but  for  the 
service  which  brings  him  within  the  provisions 
of  sect.  5"  (/?).  It  could  not,  it  is  suggested,  be 
held  that  the  "  residence"  here  required  must  be 
actual  as  opposed  to  constructive  residence  (q). 

The  object  of  the  requirement  of  the  above 
provision  is  to  prevent  the  registration  of  a 
naval  or  military  voter  in  more  than  one  con- 
stituency by  virtue  of  a  residence  qualification. 
The  case  contemplated  by  the  Act  is,  for  example, 
that  of  a  soldier  whose  home  is  in  one  constituency 
but  who  is  quartered  in  another.  If  he  desires 
to  be  registered  for  the  constituency  in  which 
he  is  quartered  by  reason  of  his  residence  there, 
rather  than  for  the  constituency  where  his  home 
is  and  where  he  would  have  resided  but  for  his 

(//)  For  form  of  claim  and  declaration,  see  p.  569,  -infra. 
\o]  As  to  the  meaning  of  these  words,  see  pp.  9  -  24,  supra, 
(p)  See  pp.  82 — 85,  supra. 
(</)  See  pp.  11 — 15,  supra. 


QUALIFICATIONS  OF  FEMALE  NAV.  AND  MIL.  VOTERS.  »* 

service,  he  must  make  the  claim  and  declaration  (r)     Beet.  5 
required  by  sect.  5  (1). 

(4)  If  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency  he 
has  the  requisite  qualification  for  such  constituency. — 
As  to  this,  see  pp.  38 — 39,  supra. 

As   to  B. — A  female  naval  or    military  voter  Qualifications 
shall  be  entitled  to   be   registered  as  a   parlia- 
mentary  elector  for  any  constituency — 

(1)  If  she  would  but  for  the  service  which 
brings  her  within  the  provisions  of  sect.  5  (a)  have 
been  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a   local  government 
elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  in  that  constituency 
of  land  or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling-house)  of  a 
yearly  value  of  not  less  than  five  pounds,   or  of  a 
dwelling-house,  or  (b)  if,  in  the  case  of  a  university 
constituency,  she  would  but  for  such  service  have  had 
the   requisite   qualification  for   such    university    con- 
stituency. 

See  the  general  observations  under  A.  (1)  on 
pp.  86, 87,  supra.  As  to  the  qualifications  mentioned 
under  (1 )  (a)  above,  see  pp.  68 — 72,  supra.  As  to 
the  qualifications  mentioned  under  (1)  (b)  above, 
see  p.  73,  supra.  See  also  the  observations  as  to 
registration  on  p.  88,  supra,  which  apply  equally 
here  with  the  obvious  modifications. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  qualifying 
period  for  naval  or  military  voters  is  one  month, 
instead  of  six  months ;  see  pp.  96,  97,  infra. 

(2)  If  she  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  in  that 
constituency  of  land  or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling- 
house)  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  five  pounds, 

(r)  See  p.  569,  infra. 


4  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  5.  or  of  a  dwelling-house,  or  is  the  wife  of  a  husband 
entitled  to  be  so  registered. 

In  view  of  the  words  in  the  second  sentence  of 
sect.  5  (1),  the  right  to  be  registered  in  pur- 
suance of  the  foregoing  provision  shall  be  in 
addition  to  any  other  right  to  be  registered, 
it  is  clear  that  a  female  naval  or  military  voter 
is  entitled  to  be  registered  by  reason  of  a  parlia- 
mentary qualification  which  she  in  fact  has. 

As  to  the  qualifications  here  referred  to,  see  pp. 
67 — 72,  supra.  It  must,  of  course,  be  remembered 
that  the  qualifying  period  for  a  naval  or  military 
voter  is  one  month ;  see  pp.  96,  97,  supra. 

(3)  If  in  the  case  of  a  university  constituency  she 
has  the  requisite  qualification  for  such  constituency. 
See  p.  73,  supra. 

6-  "  -'The  qualifying  period  shall  be  a 
period  of  six  months  ending  either  on  the 
fifteenth  day  of  January,  or  the  fifteenth 
day  of  July,  including  in  each  case  the 
fifteenth  day : l 

Provided  that  in  the  application  of  this 
section  to  a  person  who  is  a  naval  or 
military  voter,  or  who  has  been  serving  as 
a  member  of  the  naval,  military,  or  air 
forces  of  the  Crown  at  any  time  during 
the  said  six  months  and  has  ceased  so  to 
serve,  one  month  shall  be  substituted  for  six 
months  as  the  qualifying  period.2 

NOTE. — Sect.  6  defines  the  qualifying  period, 

1  See  pp.  95,  96,  infra.  2  See  pp.  96,  97,  infra. 


ORDINARY  QUALIFYING  PERIOD.  96 

which  is  one  of  the  elements  of  (1)  the  residence     Sect.  6. 
qualification  (r),  (2)  the  business  premises  quali- 
fication («),  (3)  the  local  government  franchise  for 
men  (£),    (4)  the  franchises   for  women  (u),   and 
(5)  the  franchise  of  naval  and  military  voters  (x). 

Sect.  6  in  effect  enacts  that  there  shall  be  two 
kinds  of  qualifying  periods ;  the  one  of  general 
application,  which  is  called  in  this  Note  the 
ordinary  qualifying  period,  the  other  applying  only 
to  a  certain  class  of  persons,  namely,  naval  and 
military  voters,  or  persons  who  have  been  and 
are  no  longer  soldiers  and  sailors  within  the  pro- 
viso to  sect.  6,  which  is  called  in  this  Note  the 
special  qualifying  period. 

( 1 )  The  ordinary  qualifying  period. — This  is  a 
period  of  six  months  ending  either  on  the  15th 
day  of  January  or  the  15th  day  of  July,*  including 
in  each  case  the  fifteenth  day,  i.e.,  there  are  in 
each  twelve  months  two  qualifying  periods,  the 
one  from  16th  July  to  15th  January  (both  dates 
inclusive),  the  other  from  16th  January  to  loth 
July  (both  dates  inclusive).  As  the  law  does  not 
take  notice  of  a  part  of  a  day(^),  it  would  be 
sufficient  in  order  to  come  within  the  words 
"  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying  period" 

(r)  See  pp.  9 — 24,  supra. 

(s)  See  pp.  24 — 37,  supra. 

(*)  See  pp.  42—62,  supra. 

(te)  See  pp.  65 — 76,  supra. 

(x}  See  pp.  85—94,  supra. 

(y)  1  BI.  Com.  463 ;  Anon.  (1700),  Ld.  Eaym.  480,  1096. 


*  N.B. — In  connection  with  the  first  register  under  the  Act  the 
last  day  of  the  qualifying  period  is  loth  April,  1918  (Order  in 
Council  dated  4th  June,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  and  Fifth  Schedule, 
p.  752). 


6  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  6.  if  the  residence  or  occupation  required  began  on 
any  part,  however  late,  of  the  first  day  of  the 
period,  and  ended  on  any  part,  however  early, 
of  the  last  day  of  the  period.* 

The  Spring  Register  is  made  for  the  period 
ending  on  January  15th,  and  the  Autumn  Register 
is  made  for  the  period  ending  on  July  15th  (y). 
The  ordinary  qualifying  period  of  six  months  is 
the  one  applicable  to  all  persons  claiming  the 
franchise  under  sects.  1,  3,  4  (1),  (3)  and  (5), 
subject  to  the  exception  mentioned  in  the  proviso 
to  sect.  6,  and  referred  to  below. 

(2)  A  special  qualifying  period. — The  effect  of 
the  proviso  in  sect.  6  is  to  create  a  special  quali- 
fying period  of  one  month,  ending  either  on 
the  fifteenth  day  of  January  or  the  ijfteenth  day 
of  July,*  including  in  each  case  the  fifteenth  day, 
i. e.,  there  are  in  each  twelve  months  two  such 
periods,  the  one  from  December  16th  to  January 
15th  (both  dates  inclusive),  the  other  from 
June  16th  to  July  loth  (both  dates  inclu- 
sive). What  Avas  said  under  ( 1 ),  above,  as  to  the 
sufficiency  of  part  of  a  day  applies  equally 
here.  This  special  qualifying  period  is.  for  a 
particular  class  of  persons,  treated  as  though 
it  were  the  ordinary  qualifying  period.  The 
persons  to  whom  the  special  qualifying  period 
is  applicable  are  (a)  a  naval  or  military  voter  (z), 

(z)  Sect.  11,  p.  125   infra,  and  see  footnote  (*)  below. 


*  N.B. — In  connection  with  the  first  register  under  the  Act  the 
last  day  of  the  qualifying  period  is  loth  April,  1918  (Order  in 
Council  dated  4th  June,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  and  Fifth  Schedule, 
p.  752). 


SPECIAL  QUALIFYING  PERIOD.  97 

and  (b)  any  person  claiming  the  franchise  under  Sect.  6. 
sects.  1,  3,  4  (1)  and  (3),  who  at  any  time  during 
the  ordinary  qualifying  period(#)has  been  serving 
as  a  member  of  the  naval,  military,  or  air  forces 
of  the  Crown  (#),  arid  has  during  the  same  quali- 
fying period  ceased  so  to  serve.  E>9»>  a  soldier 
is  serving  in  the  army  on  17th  July  in  any 
year  and  is  invalided  out  of  the  army  on  the 
18th  July ;  then,  provided  he  fulfils  the  other 
conditions  (c)  necessary  to  acquire  the  franchise, 
he  need  only  reside  in  premises  or  occupy  land 
or  premises  from  December  16th  to  January  15th 
in  order  to  be  entitled  to  be  registered  for  the 
qualifying  period  ending  January  15th. 

The  special  qualifying  period  applies  to  local 
government  electors  as  well  as  to  parliamentary 
electors.  It  is  clear  that  although  sect.  5  deals 
only  with  the  parliamentary  franchise,  a  u  naval 
or  military  voter  "  as  defined  by  that  section  can 
be  a  local  government  elector. 

A  curious  point  arises  in  connection  with  the 
special  qualifying  period  with  respect  to  the  inter- 
pretation of  sect.  7  (2)  dealt  with  on  pp.  16 — 23, 
27,  28,  45,  46,  supra.  Though  doubtless  contrary 
to  the  intention  of  those  who  framed  the  Act,  it 
would  appear  that  a  person  to  whom  the  special 
qualifying  period  is  applicable  could  not  avail 
himself  or  herself  of  the  provisions  of  sect.  7  (2), 
as  the  words  therein,  "  for  part  of  the  qualifying 


v. 


(a)  See  p.  95,  supra. 

(b)  See  pp.  82,  83,  supra. 

(c)  See  pp.  3,  4,  supra. 


^8  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  7.      period  not  exceeding  four  months  in  the  whole," 

cannot  apply  to  the  qualifying  period  of  one  month. 

•     It  should  be  noticed  that  as  regards  Ireland 

the  provisions  of  sect.  44  (11)  (a),  set  out  at  p.  334, 

infra,  are  substituted  for  sect.  6. 

supplemental       7. — (i)  Where  premises  are  in  the  ioint 

provisions  &s  ^    '  ** 

to  residence     occupation  of  two  or  more  persons,  each  of 

and  occu-  A  .  i      11      /»  i  /» 

the  joint  occupiers  shall,  for  the  purposes  of 
this  Part  (d)  of  this  Act,  be  treated  as  occu- 
pying the  premises,  subject  as  follows  : 

(a)  In  the  case  of  the  occupation  of  busi- 

ness premises  the  aggregate  yearly 
value  of  the  premises  must  for  the 
purpose  of  the  parliamentary  fran- 
chise be  not  less  than  the  amount 
produced  by  multiplying  ten  pounds 
by  the  number  of  the  joint  occu- 
piers ;  and  * 

(b)  In  the  case  of  the  occupation  of  land 

or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling- 
house)  the  aggregate  yearly  value 
thereof  must  for  the  purpose  of  the 
parliamentary  franchise  of  women 
be  not  less  than  the  amount  pro- 
duced by  multiplying  five  pounds 
by  the  number  of  joint  occupiers  ; 
and 

(c)  Not   more  than  two  joint  occupiers 

(d}  I.e.,  Part  I,,  ss.  1—10. 


SUPPLEMENTAL  PROVISIONS  AS  TO  RESIDENCE,  ETC.  9<J 

shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  sect.  7. 
in  respect  of  the  same  land  or 
premises,  unless  they  are  bona  fide 
»  engaged  as  partners  carrying  on 
their  profession,  trade  or  business 
011  the  land  or  premises. 

(2)  Residence  in  a  house  or  the  occupa- 
tion of  a  house   shall  not  be  deemed  to  be 
interrupted  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  by 
reason  only  of  permission  being  given  by 
letting  or  otherwise  for  the  occupation  of 
the   house  as  a  furnished   house   by   some 
other   person    for    part    of   the    qualifying 
period  not   exceeding  four  months  in  the 
whole,  or  by  reason  only  of  notice  to  quit 
being  served  and  possession  being  demanded 
by  the  landlord  of  the  house ;   but  the  ex- 
press enactment  of  this  provision  shall  not 
affect   in   any   way    the   general   principles 
governing  the  interpretation  of  the  expres- 
sion "  residence  "  and  cognate  expressions. 

(3)  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act, 
a  man  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  a  constituency 
in  respect  of  a  residence  qualification  though 
he  may  have  been  residing  in  premises  in  the 
constituency  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period,   if  he  commenced  to  reside  in  the 
constituency  within  thirty  days  before  the 
end  of  the  qualifying  period,  and  ceased  to 

T-ttj 


100  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

sect.  7.     reside  within  thirty  days  after  the  time  when 
he  so  commenced  to  reside. 

(4)  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act, 
a  person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be  r<?gistered 
as  a  local  government  elector  for  a  local 
government  electoral  area  though  that  per- 
son may  have  been  occupying  land  or  pre- 
mises in  the  area  on  the  last  day  of  the 
qualifying  period,  if  that  person  commenced 
to  occupy  the  land  or  premises  within  thirty 
days  before  the  end  of  the  qualifying  period, 
and  ceased  to  occupy  the  land  or  premises 
within  thirty  days  after  the  commencement 
of  the  occupation. 

NOTE.—  As  to  (1)  (a),  see  pp.  24—87,  supra. 
As  to  (1)  (b),  see  pp.  69—71,  supra.  As  to 
(l)(c),  see  pp.  24—37  and  pp.  43—60,  supra.  AH 
to  (2),  as  regards  residence  in  a  house,  see  pp. 
16  —  23,  supra,  and  as  regards  the  occupation  of  a 
house,  see  pp.  45,  46,  supra. 

As  to  the  provision  at  the  end  of  (2),  see 
p.  11,  supra.  As  to  (3),  see  pp.  10,  11,  supra. 
As  to  (4),  see  p.  43,  supra. 


8.—  (1)  Every  person  registered  as  a 
parliamentary  elector  for  any  constituency 
shall,  while  so  registered  (and  in  the  case  of 
a  woman  notwithstanding  sex  or  marriage), 
be  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  of  a 
member  to  serve  in  Parliament  for  that 


RIGHT  OF  PERSON  REGISTERED  TO  VO.  \  101 


constituency1  ;  but  a  man  shall  iu>tY<)ts  at  £ 
general  election  for  more  than  one  consti- 
tuency for  which  he  is  registered  by  virtue 
of  a  residence  qualification  or  for  more  than 
one  constituency  for  which  he  is  registered 
by  virtue  of  other  qualifications  of  whatever 
kind,2  and  a  woman  shall  not  vote  at  a 
general  election  for  more  than  one  consti- 
tuency for  which  she  is  registered  by  virtue 
of  her  own  or  her  husband's  local  govern- 
ment qualification,  or  for  more  than  one 
constituency  for  which  she  is  registered  by 
virtue  of  any  other  qualification.3 

(2)  A  person  registered  as  a  local  govern- 
ment elector  for  any  local  government 
electoral  area  shall  while  so  registered  (and 
in  the  case  of  a  woman  notwithstanding  sex 
or  marriage)  be  entitled  to  vote  at  a  local 
government  election  for  that  area,4  but 
where,  for  the  purposes  of  election,  any  such 
area  is  divided  into  more  than  one  ward  or 
electoral  division,  by  whatever  name  called,  a 
person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  vote  for  more 
than  one  such  ward  or  electoral  division.5 

Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  provi- 
sion a  person  may  be  registered  for  more 
than  one  such  ward  or  division  of  a  local 
government  electoral  area  (not  being  a 

1  See  pp.  102—108,  infra.       3  Ibid. 
3  See  pp.  108—110,  infra.       4  See  p.  110,  infra. 
5  See  pp.  110—111,  infra. 


OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

-mimicip'ai'  borough),  and  may  vote  in  any 
such  ward  or  division  for  which  he  is  regis- 
tered at  an  election  to^fill  a  casual  vacancy.6 
(3)  A  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  regis- 
tered in  respect  of  a  qualification  which  he 
would  have  had  but  for  his  service  shall  be 
deemed  for  the  purpose  of  this  section  to  be 
registered  by  virtue  of  that  qualification.7 

NOTE. — Sect.  8  deals  with  the  rights  of  persons, 
both  male  and  female,  registered  as  parliamentary 
or  local  government  electors  to  vote. 

Sect.  8  (1)  begins  by  stating  the  general  prin- 
ciple that  every  person  registered  as  a  parlia- 
mentary elector  for  any  constituency  shall,  while 
so  registered  (and  in  the  case  of  a  woman  not- 
withstanding sex  or  marriage),  be  entitled  to 
vote  at  an  election  of  a  member  to  serve  in 
Parliament  for  that  constituency  (d),  and  then 
proceeds  to  limit  the  number  of  votes  which  a 
person  may  give. 

The  principle  that  registration  entitles  a  person 
to  vote  must  be  read  in  conjunction  with  and  sub- 
ject to  the  qualifications  contained  in  sect.  9  (3). 
Sect.  9  (3)  is  as  follows : — "  A  person  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  be  registered  or  to  vote  as  a  parliamen- 
tary or  local  government  elector  if  he  is  not  a 
British  subject  (c),  and  nothing  contained  in  this 

fi  See  pp.  Ill,  112,  infra.  "  Seep.  112,  infra. 


(d)  As  to  the  meaning  of  "  constituency,"  see  p.  3,  footnote  (a), 
tupra. 

(«)  See  pp.  121,  122,  infra. 


RIGHT  OF  PERSON  REGISTERED  TO  VOTE.  103 

Act  shall,  except  as  expressly  provided  therein,     Sect  8. 
confer  on  any  person  who  is  subject  to  any  legal 
incapacity  to  be  registered  or  to  vote  either  as 
a  parliamentary  or  local  government  elector  any 
right  to  be  so  registered  or  to  vote." 

The  sub-section  just  quoted  has,  as  regards 
parliamentary  electors,  the  same  effect,  except  as 
to  penalties,  as  the  proviso  in  sect.  7  of  the  Ballot 
Act,  1872,  which  stands  unrepealed  by  the  present 
Act.  That  proviso  is  as  follows: — "  Nothing  in 
this  section  (sect.  7  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872)  shall 
entitle  any  person  to  vote  who  is  prohibited  from 
voting  by  any  statute,  or  by  the  common  law  of 
Parliament,  or  relieve  such  person  from  any  penal- 
ties to  which  he  may  be  liable  for  voting."  The 
words  "  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity"  in 
sect.  9  (3)  of  the  present  Act  have  the  same  effect 
as  the  words  "  prohibited  ...  by  any  statute  or 
by  the  common  law  of  Parliament "  in  sect.  7  of 
the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

The  position  as  regards  voting  of  a  person  who 
is  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  is,  there- 
fore, as  follows,  bearing  in  miud,  however,  the 
limitation  of  the  number  of  votes  which  one 
person  is  entitled  to  give,  which  is  dealt  with 
on  pp  108 — 110,  infra. 

The  register  at  an  election  is  conclusive  evi- 
dence ( /)  of  the  right  of  any  person  to  vote  whose 
name  appears  therein,  and  no  one  is  entitled  to 
vote  unless  his  name  is  on  the  register  of  electors 
for  the  time  being  in  force.  The  register  is  also 
conclusive  evidence  (/)  before  any  tribunal  in- 

(/)  See  pp.  104,  105,  106,  107,  infra. 


104  KEPKESEiNTATlON  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  8.  quiring  into  any  election  except  in  the  cases  of 
voters  to  whom  some  personal  disqualification 
attaches,  /.£.,  voters  who  are  legally  incapaci- 
tated^). The  remarks  of  the  learned  judges  in 
the  cases  hereinafter  cited,  which  were  decided 
under  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  apply  equally  under 
the  present  Act. 

In  Stowe  v.  Jolliffe(h),  Lord  Coleridge,  C.J., 
said : — 

"I  think  the  true  construction  of  these  sec- 
tions (Y)  .  .  .  is  to  make  the  register  conclusive 
not  only  on  the  returning  officer,  but  also  on  any 
tribunal  which  has  to  inquire  into  elections,  except 
in  the  case  of  persons  ascertained  by  the  proviso 
(at  the  end  of  sect.  7).  These  are  '  persons  pro- 
hibited from  voting  by  any  statute  or  by  the 
common  law  of  Parliament.' 

u  I  do  not  think  that  these  words  are  pointed 
at  any  of  the  cases  which  my  brother  Mellor  has 
referred  to  us.  .  .  .  Non-residence  within  the  proper 
distance  of  the  borough ;  non -occupation;  insuffi- 
cient qualification — none  of  these  things  appear 
to  satisfy  the  words  of  this  proviso.  It  does  not 
mean  persons  who  from  failure  in  the  incidents 
or  elements  of  the  franchise  could  be  successfully 
objected  to  on  the  revision  of  the  register ;  it 
means  persons  who  from  some  inherent  or  for  the 

(</)  See  pp.  4—8,  supra. 

(A)  (1874),  L.  E.  9  0.  P.  750. 

(t)  Sect.  7  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and  sect.  79  of  the  Parlia- 
mentary Voters  Registiation  Act,  1843.  The  enacting  part  of 
sect.  79  (which  was  the  only  part  of  that  section  still  in  force  at 
the  time  of  the  above  decision)  was  to  the  same  effect  as  sect.  7  of 
the  Ballot  Act. 


RIGHT  OF  PERSON  RKGISTERKU  TO  VOTK. 

time  irremovable  quality  in  themselves  have  riot,  Sect.  8. 
either  by  prohibition  of  statutes  or  at  common 
law,  the  status  of  parliamentary  electors (k).  Such, 
for  example,  are  peers,  \vhether  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  orof  Scotland,  or  of  Ireland,  .  .  .  persons 
holding  certain  offices  or  employments  the  subjects 
of  statutory  prohibitions,  and  persons  convicted  of 
crimes  which  disqualify  them  from  voting.  I  do 
not  say  that  this  list  is  exhaustive.  It  is  enough 
to  give  examples  of  the  cases  in  which  I  think  the 
register  would  be  still  open." 

The  register,  therefore,  will  not  be  conclusive 
at  the  trial  of  an  election  petition  in  the  case  of 
the  persons  mentioned  on  pp.  5 — 7,  supra,  as 
being  legally  incapacitated,  whether  the  disquali- 
fication occurs  before  or  after  registration.  But 
in  all  these  cases  the  returning  officer  cannot 
refuse  to  deliver  a  ballot  paper  if  the  person's 
name  is  on  the  register,  though  if  he  votes  his 
name  may  be  struck  off  on  a  scrutiny  (I). 

In  all  cases,  however,  where  the  disqualification 
is  not  of  a  personal  nature  the  register  will  be 
conclusive  even  at  the  trial. 

Thus  non-residence  (ni),  non-occupation  or  in- 
sufficient qualification  (w),  or  other  non-personal 
disqualification  will  not  disqualify  if  the  name  is 
in  fact  on  the  register. 


(ft)  See  pp.  4 — 8,  supra. 

(I)  See  pp.  106,  107,  Infnt. 

(m)  Stoive  v.  Jollifft  (1874),  L.  R.  9  (..'.  P.  750. 

(n)  Ibid. 


REPRESENTATION7  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

8  "  It  seems  to  me,"  said  Channel!,  J.,  in  Pem- 

broke (q),  "  that  the  policy  of  the  Legislature  has 
from  the  time  of  the  Reform  Act  of  1832  until 
the  Ballot  Act  been  to  make  it  necessary  to  raise 
all  questions  as  to  rights  to  vote  in  the  Registration 
Court  (r),  and  to  do  this  by  preventing  their  being 
raised  at  any  other  time  or  in  any  other  manner. 
.  .  .  The  7th  section  of  the  Ballot  Act,  ...  as 
interpreted  and  explained  in  Stowe  v.  Jollife, 
reads  thus :  *  At  an  election  a  person  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  vote  unless  his  name  is  on  the  register, 
even  although  he  ought  to  be  on,  and  every  person 
whose  name  is  on  the  register  shall  be  entitled  to 
vote,  even  if  it  ought  not  to  be  on.' ' 

The  presiding  officer  is  in  no  way  concerned 
with  persons  who  are  disqualified  from  voting 
either  by  the  common  law  of  Parliament  or  by 
statute.  If  these  persons  are  on  the  register  their 
votes  must,  if  tendered,  be  accepted,  though  they 
will  be  struck  off  on  petition.  u  Now,  the  obvious 
intention  of  the  proviso  at  the  end  of  sect.  7," 
said  Lush,  J.,  in  Worcester  (9),  "is  not  in  order 
that  any  objection  of  the  kind  mentioned  in  that 
proviso  may  be  taken  in  the  polling  booth,  but 
the  legislature  put  in  this  proviso  lest  the  enacting 
part  should  be  held  to  restore  or  make  absolute 
the  qualification  of  a  man  who  really  has  no 
qualification.  .  .  .  The  battle  of  qualification  shall 

(</)  Per  Channell,  J.,  in  Pembroke  (1901),  5  O.  &  H.  at  p.  144. 

(r)  Under  the  present  Act  the  registration  court  is  abolished,  but 
the  registration  officer  takes  its  place.  See  First  Schedule,  rules 
20—26,  pp.  347—349,  and  rule  39,  p.  353,  infra. 

(«)  (1880),  3  0.  &  H.  at  p.  186. 


RIGHT  OF  PERSON  REGISTERED  TO  VOTE. 


lor 


be  fought  either  beforehand  in  the  Registration     Sect.  6. 
Court,  or  after  the  election  upon  a  scrutiny." 

u  When  you  say  that  the  register  is  conclusive, 
as  has  often  been  said,  what  you  mean  is  this— 
that  it  is  conclusive  that  the  people  who  are  on  it 
have  the  qualification  which  entitles  them  to  be 
there.  It  may  be  that  they  are  not  to  be  entitled 
to  vote  by  reason  of  the  7th  section  of  the  Ballot 
Act  (t).  .  .  .  Until  recent  years  there  was  no 
register,  and  the  register  was  instituted,  I  think, 
for  this  purpose.  There  were  ways  of  disputing 
who  had  a  right  to  vote — cumbersome  and  ex- 
pensive ways — and  the  register  was  instituted  as 
a  simple  method  of  finding  out,  by  means  of  the 
Revising  Barrister  (w),  who  should  be  put  on  the 
register.  People  could  claim  to  be  put  on,  and 
people  could  object  to  others  being  put  on,  and 
the  claims  and  objections  could  be  investigated 
by  the  Revising  Barrister.  But  in  my  judgment 
the  intention  of  the  Legislature  .  .  .  was  this :  to 
compile  a  list,  which,  except  in  special  circum- 
stances which  are  provided  for,  should  be  conclu- 
sive as  showing  those  people  had  passed  a  test  as 
to  whether  they  were  to  vote  or  not,  and  had  been 
declared  to  have  satisfied  that  test"  (#). 

From  what  has  been  said  above,  it  is  clear  the 
general  principle  laid  down  in  sect.  8  of  this  Act 

(*)  See  p.  103.  supra. 

(M)  Under  the  present  Act  tho  office  of  revising  banister  is 
abolished,  but  his  place  is  taken  by  the  registration  officer.  See 
footnote  (r)  on  preceding  page. 

(ac)  Per  Darling,  J.,  in  Pembroke  (1901),  5  O.  &  H.  at  pp.  137,  l:W. 


108  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,    19 18. 

Sect.  8.  is  that  a  person  who  is  registered  has  a  right  to 
vote,  although  in  certain  cases  his  vote  may  be 
invalid.  But  the  second  part  of  sect.  8(1)  intro- 
duces a  limitation  on  the  number  of  votes  which 
a  man  or  woman,  although  registered  as  a  parlia- 
mentary elector  in  several  constituencies,  may 
give.  This  limitation  is  as  follows : — 

A  man  shall  not  vote  at  a  general  election  for 
more  than  one  constituency  for  which  he  is 
registered  by  virtue  of  a  residence  qualification 
or  for  more  than  one  constituency  for  which  he 
is  registered  by  virtue  of  other  qualifications  of 
whatever  kind,  and  a  woman  shall  not  vote  at  a 
general  election  for  more  than  one  constituency 
for  which  she  is  registered  by  virtue  of  her  own 
or  her  husband's  local  government  qualification, 
or  for  more  than  one  constituency  for  which  she 
is  registered  by  virtue  of  any  other  qualification. 

There  is  nothing  in  this  Act  to  prevent  a  man 
or  woman  being  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  in  several  different  constituencies  in  re- 
spect of  land  or  premises  in  those  constituencies 
provided  he  or  she  is  qualified  for  registration  in 
respect  of  such  land  or  premises.  By  the  latter 
part  of  sect.  8(1)  just  quoted,  however,  a  man 
cannot,  at  a  general  election,  have  more  than 
two  votes  notwithstanding  that  he  is  registered 
in  more  than  two  constituencies.  He  will  have 
two  votes  if  he  is  registered  in  one  constituency 
by  virtue  of  a  residence  qualification  (j/),  and  in 
another  constituency  by  virtue  either  of  a  busi- 

(//)  Seo  pp.  9  —  24,  s«i>r«. 


NUMBER  OF  VOTKS  ALLOWED.  109 

ness  premises  qualification  (z)  or  of  a  university      Sect,  a 
qualification  (a),  or  as  a  freeman  (b). 

It  should  be  noticed,  however,  that  if  he  is 
registered  in  more  than  one  constituency  by 
virtue  of  qualifications  other  than  a  residence 
qualification  he  will  only  have  one  vote ;  e.g.  a 
man  may  be  registered  in  constituency  X  by 
virtue  of  a  business  premises  qualification,  and 
in  the  university  constituencies  Y  and  Z  by 
virtue  of  a  university  qualification,  yet  he  can 
only  make  use  of  one  of  these  qualifications  for 
the  purpose  of  voting,  as  he  would  not  come 
within  the  provisions  of  sect.  7  (2)  relating  to 
the  double  vote.  As  to  the  method  by  which  it 
is  secured  that  the  provisions  as  to  the  limitation 
of  votes  shall  be  observed,  see  pp.  164 — 172,  infra. 

Similarly,  a  woman  cannot,  at  a  general  election, 
have  more  than  two  votes,  notwithstanding  that 
she  is  registered  in  more  than  two  constituencies. 
She  will  have  two  votes  if  she  is  registered  in  one 
constituency  (other  than  a  university  constituency) 
by  virtue  of  her  own  or  her  husband's  qualifica- 
tion (c),  and  in  another,  a  university  constituency, 
by  virtue  of  a  university  qualification  (d). 

A  woman  who  is  registered  in  more  than  one 
constituency  (other  than  a  university  constituency) 
by  virtue  only  of  her  own  or  her  husband's  quali- 
fication, will  only  have  one  vote,  and  the  same 


(z)  See  pp.  24—37,  supra. 

(a)  See  pp.  37—39,  supra. 

(b)  See  pp.  147,  148,  infra. 

(c)  See  pp.  67—72,  supra. 

(d)  See  pp.  72,  73,  supra. 


1 10  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  8.  applies  to  a  woman  registered  in  more  than  one 
university  constituency  by  virtue  of  a  university 
qualification.  As  to  the  way  in  which  the  limita- 
tion on  the  number  of  votes  is  safeguarded  from 
infringement,  see  pp.  164 — 172,  infra. 

It  should  be  noticed  that  both  in  the  case 
of  men  and  women,  this  limitation  imposed  by 
sect.  8  (1)  on  the  number  of  votes  they  may  give 
applies,  only  to  a  general  election.  There  is 
nothing  to  prevent  a  person  registered  in  a  con- 
stituency by  virtue  of  any  qualification  from 
making  use  of  his  or  her  vote  at  a  bye-election  in 
the  constituency,  and  also  at  a  bye-election  in  any 
other  constituency  or  constituencies  in  which  he 
or  she  is  registered  by  virtue  of  any  qualification. 

Sect.  8  (2)  like  sect.  8  (1)  begins  by  stating  the 
general  principle  that  a  person  registered  as  a 
local  government  elector  for  any  local  govern- 
ment electoral  area  shall  while  so  registered 
(and  in  the  case  of  a  woman  notwithstanding 
sex  or  marriage)  be  entitled  to  vote  at  a  local 
government  election  for  that  area.  This  prin- 
ciple is  subject  to  the  same  qualifications  as  were 
noticed  on  pp.  102 — 108,  supra,  in  the  case  of 
parliamentary  electors,  and  what  was  there  said 
applies  equally  here. 

But  similarly  to  sect.  8(1),  sect.  8(2)  intro- 
duces a  limitation  on  the  number  of  votes  which 
a  man  or  woman  may  give,  by  providing  that 
where,  for  the  purposes  of  election,  any  such 
area  is  divided  into  more  than  one  ward  or 
electoral  division,  by  whatever  name  called,  a 
person  shall  not  he  entitled  to  vote  for  more  than 
one  such  ward  or  electoral  division. 


NUMBER  OF  VOTES  ALLOWED.  Ill 

The  word  election  here  means  (/)  an  election  Sect.  e. 
(other  than  an  election  to  fill  a  casual  vacancy) 
for  any  county  council,  municipal  borough  council, 
metropolitan  borough  council,  district  council, 
board  of  guardians,  parish  council,  or  any  other 
body  elected  by  persons  on  the  local  government 
register  or  on  the  register  of  parochial  electors. 
At  any  such  election,  therefore,  a  local  govern- 
ment elector,  whether  man  or  woman,  may  give 
one  vote  only  for  one  ward  or  electoral  division, 
and  no  more, 

Sect.  8  (2)  further  provides  that : — 

Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  provision 
a  person  may  be  registered  for  more  than  one 
such  ward  or  division  of  a  local  government 
electoral  area  (not  being  a  municipal  borough), 
and  may  vote  in  any  such  ward  or  division  for 
which  he  is  registered  at  an  election  to  fill  a 
casual  vacancy. 

The  words  "  election  to  fill  a  casual  vacancy" 
mean  in  relation  to  local  government  elections 
what  "  bye-election  "  means  in  relation  to  parlia- 
mentary election. 

If  a  person  is  registered  in  respect  of  more 
than  one  ward  or  division  of  a  local  government 
electoral  area  (not  being  a  municipal  borough), 
such  person  may  at  an  election  other  than  an 
election  to  fill  a  casual  vacancy  select  the  ward 
or  division  for  which  he  wishes  to  vote. 

As  will  have  been  noticed,  a  person  cannot  be 
registered  in  more  than  one  ward  of  a  municipal 
borough  (g). 

(/)  See  sect.  41  (2),  pp.  305,  306,  infra. 

(g)  See  that  part  of  sect.  8  (2)  which  is  set  out  on  preceding  page. 


112  KEPRESENTATTON  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  8.  As  regards  Ireland,  sect.  8  (2)  must  be  read 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  sect.  44  (14)  (h). 

(3)  A  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  registered 
in  respect  of  a  qualification  which  he  would  have 
had  but  for  his  service  shall  be  deemed  for  the 
purpose  of  this  section  to  be  registered  by  virtue 
of  that  qualification. 

As  to  u  naval  or  military  voter"  and  the  quali- 
fication here  referred  to,  see  pp.  76 — 94,  supra. 

Pro  vision  a*        9. — (1)  A  person  shall  not  be  disqualified 

to  di*qualifi-  V  .  .  ,  f  ,  ? 

from  being  registered,  or  from  voting  as  a 
parliamentary  or  local  government  elector 
by  reason  that  he  or  some  person  for  whose 
maintenance  he  is  responsible  has  received 
poor  relief  or  other  alms.1 

(2)  Any  person,  being  a  conscientious 
objector  to  whom  this  subsection  applies,2 
shall  be  disqualified  during  the  continuance 
of  the  war  and  a  period  of  five  years  there- 
after3 from  being  registered  or  voting  as  a 
parliamentary  or  local  government  elector, 
unless,  before  the  expiration  of  one  year 
after  the  termination  of  the  war,  he  proves 
to  the  central  tribunal  as  established  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Military  Service  Act,  19164: 

(a)  that  he  has  during  the  continuance 
of  the  war  taken  up  and,  so  far  as 

1  See  pp.  116,  117,  infra.        3  See  pp.  117,  118,  infra. 
*  See  p.  117,  infra.  4  See  pp.  118,  119,  infra. 


(h)  See  p.  335,  infra. 


DISQUALIFICATIONS.  1 1 3 

reasonably  practicable,  continued  sect.  9. 
service  which  constitutes  a  person 
(other  than  a  person  serving  on  full 
pay  as  a  member  of  any  of  the 
naval,  military,  or  air  forces  of  the 
Crown)  a  naval  or  military  voter 
for  the  purposes  of  this  Act5 ;  or 

(b)  that    having    been     exempted    from 

military  service  on  condition  of 
doing  work  of  national  importance 
he  has  done  such  work  in  accord- 
ance with  the  decision  and  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  appropriate  tri- 
bunal or  authority6 ;  or 

(c)  that     having    obtained    an    absolute 

exemption    from    military    service 

without   any    such    condition,    he 

has   nevertheless   (whether   before 

or  after  the  passing  of  this  Act) 

been    engaged    in   and,   so   far   as 

reasonably    practicable,    continued 

some  work  of  national  importance  ; 

and  obtains  a  certificate  from   the  central 

tribunal  to  that  effect.7 

This  subsection  shall  apply  to  a  conscien- 
tious objector  who  either— 

(i)  has  been  exempted  from  all  military 
service   (including    non-combatant 


6  See  pp.  119,  120,  infra.       6  See  p,  120,  infra. 
7  See  pp.  120,  121,  infra. 


114  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  9.  service)  on  the  ground  of  conscien- 

tious objection8 ;  or 

(ii)  haying  been  convicted  by  court 
martial  of  an  offence  against  mili- 
tary law,  and  having  represented 
that  the  offence  was  the  result  of 
conscientious  objection  to  military 
service,  has  been  awarded  imprison- 
ment or  detention.9 

The  central  tribunal  established  under 
the  Military  Service  Act,  1916,  shall  be 
continued  for  the  purpose  of  this  subsection 
for  a  period  of  a  year  after  the  termination 
of  the  present  war.10 

If  a  person  disqualified  under  this  sub- 
section would  have  been  entitled  to  be 
registered  as  a  parliamentary  or  local 
government  elector  but  for  that  disquali- 
fication, the  disqualification  shall  not  extend 
so  as  to  affect  the  right  of  the  wife  of  that 
person  to  be  registered  or  vote  as  a  par- 
liamentary or  local  government  elector,  as 
the  case  may  be.11 

(3)  A  person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be 
registered  or  to  vote  as  a  parliamentary 
or  local  government  elector  if  he  is  not  a 
British  subject,  and  nothing  contained  in 

8  See  p.  117,  infra.  10  See  p.  121,  infra. 

9  See  p.  117,  infra.  »  See  p.  121,  infra. 


DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

this  Act  shall,  except  as  expressly  provided  Sect- 9- 
therein,  confer  on  any  person  who  is  subject 
to  any  legal  incapacity  to  be  registered  or 
to  vote  either  as  a  parliamentary  or  local 
government  elector  any  right  to  be  so  regis- 
tered or  to  vote.12 

(4)  A  person  shall  not  be  disqualified  from 
voting  at  any  election  as  a  parliamentary  or 
local  government  elector  by  reason  that  he 
is  employed  for  payment  by  or  on  behalf  of 
a  candidate  at  such  election,  so  long  as  the 
employment  is  legal.13 

(5)  Any  incapacity  of  a  peer  to  vote  at 
an  election  arising  from  the  status  of  a  peer 
shall  not  extend  to  peeresses  in  their  own 
right.14 

NOTE. — This  section  re-enacts  certain  existing 
disqualifications,  imposes  a  new  disqualification, 
and  also  removes  certain  previously  existing  dis- 
qualifications from  being  registered,  and  from 
voting,  as  a  parliamentary  or  local  government 
elector. 

The  section  falls  under  five  heads.  Sub-sect.  (1) 
removes  the  existing  disqualification  arising  from 
the  receipt  of  poor  relief  or  other  alms  in  the 
case  of  parliamentary  and  local  government 

12  See  pp.  121,  122,  infra.      13  Seep.  122,  infra. 
14  See  pp.  122,  123,  infra. 

8(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  9.  electors(^).  Sub-sect  (2)  disqualifies  conscientious 
objectors  for  a  certain  period  and  subject  to 
certain  conditions  (i).  Sub-sect.  (3)  re-affirms  the 
disqualification  arising  from  legal  incapacity  (&). 
Sub-sect.  (4)  removes  the  existing  disqualification 
from  voting  of  election  agents,  or  other  persons 
legally  employed  for  payment  by  or  on  behalf  of 
candidates  (/).  Sub-sect.  (5)  declares  that  peer- 
esses in  their  own  right  are  not  disqualified  from 
voting  (m). 

As  to  sub-sect.  (1). — A  person  shall  not  be  dis- 
qualified from  being  registered  or  from  voting  as 
a  parliamentary  or  local  government  elector  by 
reason  that  he  or  some  person  for  whose  main- 
tenance he  is  responsible  has  received  poor  relief 
or  other  alms, 

As  was  pointed  out  above  this  sub-section  re- 
moves the  disqualification  from  being  registered 
or  from  voting  as  a  parliamentary  or  local  govern- 
ment elector  by  reason  of  the  receipt  of  poor  relief 
or  other  alms,  either  by  the  elector  or  some  other 
person  for  whose  maintenance  he  is  responsible. 
The  only  disqualification  of  this  kind  which 
exists  under  the  present  Act  is  that  which  arises 
in  reference  to  the  residence  qualification  by 
reason  of  sect.  41  (5),  which  provides  that  u  a 
person  who  is  an  inmate  or  patient  in  any  prison, 
lunatic  asylum,  workhouse,  poorhouse,  or  any 
other  similar  institution  shall  not  by  reason 

(h]  See  pp.  116,  117,  infra, 
(i)  See  pp.  119—121,  infra. 
(&)  See  pp.  121,  122;  infra. 
(I)  See  p.  122,  infra. 
(m)  See  pp.  122,  123,  infra. 


CONSCIENTIOUS  OBJECTORS. 

thereof  be  treated   as   resident   therein  for  any     Sect.  9. 
purpose  of  this  Act "  (w). 

As  to  sub-section  (2). — Any  person,  being  a 
conscientious  objector  to  whom  this  subsection 
applies. — In  order  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of 
these  words  it  is  necessary  to  consider  the  words 
in  sub-section  (2)  beginning,  This  subsection  shall 
apply  to  a  conscientious  objector  who  either — 
(i)  has  been  exempted  from  all  military  service 
(including  non-combatant  service)  on  the  ground 
of  conscientious  objection; 

The  expression  "a  conscientious  objector" 
cannot  include  a  woman,  as  the  Military  Service 
Act,  1916,  only  applies  to  men.  The  exemption 
referred  to  in  the  sub-section  is  granted  under  that 
Act  by  the  tribunals  constituted  thereunder. 

or  (ii)  having  been  convicted  by  court-martial 
of  an  offence  against  military  law  and  having 
represented  that  the  offence  was  the  result  of 
conscientious  objection  to  military  service,  has 
been  awarded  imprisonment  or  detention. 

These  words  would  include  any  man  who, 
whether  he  has  claimed  exemption  or  not  on 
the  ground  of  conscientious  objection,  has  been 
engaged  in  military  service,  and  on  being  con- 
victed by  court-martial  of  an  offence  against 
military  law,  has  represented  that  the  offence  was 
the  result  of  conscientious  objection,  and  has  been 
awarded  imprisonment  or  detention. 

Sub-section  (2)  enacts  that  a  conscientious 
objector  coming  within  the  above  description 

(n)  See  p.  15,  supra. 


11 H  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  9.      shall   be   disqualified   during  the   continuance 
"  of  the  war  and  a  period  of  five  years  thereafter 
from  being   registered    or  voting  as  a  parlia- 
mentary or  local  government  elector. 

It  is  submitted  that  the  effect  of  these  words  is 
to  impose  a  legal  incapacity  to  be  registered  or 
to  vote  as  a  parliamentary  or  local  government 
elector  on  all  persons  coming  within  sect.  9  (2). 
As  was  pointed  out  above  (0),  the  expression 
"  legal  incapacity "  means  "  some  inherent  or 
for  the  time  irremovable  quality  in"  a  person 
"  which  either  by  prohibition  of  statutes  or  at 
common  law  "  deprives  such  person  of  the  status 
of  a  parliamentary  elector  (p).  It  would  seem 
clear  that  the  disqualification  imposed  by  sect, 
9  (2)  is  of  this  nature.  Moreover,  if  this  sub- 
section is  not  intended  to  impose  a  legal  inca- 
pacity, the  words  "from  voting"  would  be  of 
no  effect,  since  it  is  only  where  an  elector  is 
legally  incapacitated  that  his  vote  can  be  struck 
off  on  a  scrutiny,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
he  is  registered  (q). 

unless,  before  the  expiration  of  one  year  after 
the  termination  of  the  war,  he  proves  to  the 
central  tribunal  as  established  for  the  purposes 
of  the  Military  Service  Act,  1916— 

By  international  law  war  is  terminated  by  the 
conclusion  of  a  treaty  of  peace  or  by  simple 
cessation  of  hostilities  (r).  In  the  absence  of 
some  special  provision  either  in  an  Act  of  Parlia- 

(o)  See  pp.  5,  104,  105,  supra. 

(p)  Stowe  v.  Jolliffe  (1874),  L.  E.  9  C.  P.  750. 

(?)  See  pp.  8,  103—108,  supra. 

(r}  See  "  International  Law,"  by  W.  E.  Hall,  6th  ed.,  p.  553. 


CONSCIENTIOUS  OBJECIORS. 

ment  or  in  the  treaty  of  peace,  it  is  submitted     Sect.  9. 
that  the  termination  of  the  war  would  not  be  held 
to  date  from  the  commencement  of  an  armistice. 

the  central  tribunal  established  under  the 
Military  Service  Act,  1916— 

The  central  tribunal  is  the  highest  of  the  three 
tribunals  established  under  the  Military  Service 
Act,  1916,  and  by  sect.  2  (7)  of  that  Act  is 
constituted  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
the  Second  Schedule  to  that  Act.  The  present 
Act  contains  no  provision  as  to  the  procedure  to 
be  adopted  on  an  application  to  the  central  tri- 
bunal by  any  person  who  wishes  to  avail  himself 
of  the  provisions  of  sect.  9  (2)  (a),  (b)  and  (c). 
By  clause  5  of  the  Schedule  to  the  Military  Ser- 
vice Act,  1916,  "  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in 
Council  make  regulations  with  respect  to  the 
constitution,  functions  and  procedure  of  the  .  .  . 
central  tribunal,  and  so  far  as  provision  is  not 
made  for  procedure  by  those  regulations,  the 
procedure  of  the  tribunal  shall  be  such  as  may 
be  determined  by  the  tribunal."  The  application 
can  be  made  at  any  time  after  the  passing  of  the 
present  Act  and  "  before  the  expiration  of  one 
year  after  the  termination  of  the  war." 

(a)  that  he  has  during  the  continuance  of  the 
war  taken  up  and  so  far  as  reasonably  practi- 
cable continued  service  which  constitutes  a 
person  (other  than  a  person  serving  on  full  pay 
as  a  member  of  any  of  the  naval,  or  military 
or  air  forces  of  the  Crown)  a  naval  or  military 
voter  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act ; 

It  should  be  noticed  that  although  the  applica- 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

tion  to  a  central  tribunal,  referred  to  above,  may 
be  made  at  any  time  up  to  the  expiration  of  one 
year  after  the  end  of  the  war,  the  service  men- 
tioned in  sect.  9  (2)  (a)  must  have  been  taken  up 
during  the  continuance  of  the  war. 

See  as  to  the  "  service  which  constitutes  a 
person  ...  a  naval  or  military  voter,"  pp.  79 — 85, 
supra. 

(b)  that  having  been  exempted  from  military 
service  on  condition  of  doing  work  of  national 
importance  he  has  done  such  work  in  accordance 
with  the  decision  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
appropriate  tribunal  or  authority, 

This  condition  applies  to  those  conscientious 
objectors  who  have  not  obtained  a  certificate  of 
absolute  exemption  but  have  obtained  under  sect. 
2(3)  of  the  Military  Service  Act,  1916,  a  cer- 
tificate "'conditional  on  the  applicant  being  en- 
gaged in  some  work  which  in  the  opinion  of  the 
tribunal  dealing  with  the  case  is  of  national 
importance." 

"  The  appropriate  tribunal  "  here  referred  to 
is  of  course  the  particular  tribunal  which  granted 
the  conditional  certificate,  and  the  "'authority" 
means  the  authority  in  whose  employment  the 
work  was  done.  The  u  satisfaction  "  required 
under  sect.  9  (2)  (a)  of  the  present  Act  is  either 
that  of  the  "  tribunal  "  or  of  the  "  authority." 

Sub-section  (2)  (c)  of  sect.  9,  which  deals  with 
conscientious  objectors  who  have  been  absolutely 
exempted,  needs  no  comment. 

and  obtains  a  certificate  from  the  central 
tribunal  to  that  effect. 


DISQUALIFICATIONS.  121 

The  applicant  must  not  only  prove  to  the  Sect.  o. 
central  tribunal  the  necessary  facts  in  (a),  (b) 
or  (e),  but  must  also  obtain  a  certificate  from  the 
tribunal  to  that  effect.  This  will,  of  course, 
afford  the  necessary  and  conclusive  proof  to  the 
registration  officer  that  the  applicant  is  not  dis- 
qualified as  a  conscientious  objector. 

If  a  person  disqualified  under  this  subsection 
would  have  been  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a 
parliamentary  or  local  government  elector  but 
for  that  disqualification,  the  disqualification  shall 
not  extend  so  as  to  affect  the  right  of  the  wife  of 
that  person  to  be  registered  or  vote  as  a  parlia- 
liamentary  or  local  government  elector  as  the 
case  may  be. 

The  effect  of  this  provision  is  that  when 
a  woman  would  be  entitled  under  sect.  4  (1) 
to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector,  or 
under  sect.  4  (3*)  (b)  as  a  local  government 
elector,  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  her  husband 
would,  but  that  he  is  disqualified  under  sect.  9  (2), 
have  the  necessary  qualification  to  be  registered 
as  a  local  government  elector  under  sects.  4  (1)  (c) 
or  4  (3)  (b)  respectively,  she  shall  not  lose  her 
right  to  be  registered  or  to  vote  in  consequence 
of  her  husband  being  so  disqualified. 

As  to  sub-sect.  (3)  of  sect.  9. — The  words  if  he  is 
not  a  British  subject  would  appear  to  be  sur- 
plusage, as  aliens  are  subject  to  a  legal  incapacity 
to  be  registered  or  to  vote  as  parliamentary  or 
local  government  electors  (w).  It  could  not  be 

(it)  See  pp.  4,  5,  supra. 


122  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  9.  argued  that  these  words  impose  an  incapacity  of 
'  a  different  kind  to  the  one  already  attaching  to 
aliens,  and  that  the  effect  of  the  words  a  person 
shall  not  be  entitled  ...  to  vote  as  a  parlia- 
mentary or  local  government  elector  is  to  make 
it  the  duty  of  the  returning  officer  to  ascertain  in 
the  polling-booth  whether  the  person  seeking  to 
vote  is  or  is  not  a  British  subject,  and  in  the  latter 
case  to  refuse  to  allow  him  to  vote.  If  this  were 
the  meaning  of  the  words  there  would  be  a  further 
question  which  the  returning  officer  would  be  re- 
quired to  put  to  the  voter  in  addition  to  those 
already  authorised  (v)  to  be  asked.  The  effect 
of  this  incapacity,  like  that  of  the  other  legal 
incapacities  (#),  is  that  the  vote  of  the  person  who 
is  subject  to  it  can  be  struck  off  on  a  scrutiny. 

As  to  the  remaining  words  of  sub-section  (3), 
see  pp.  102 — 108,  supra. 

As  to  sub-section  (4). — This  removes  the  pre- 
viously existing  disqualification  from  voting  as  a 
parliamentary  elector  attaching  to  an  election- 
agent,  sub-agent,  polling- agent,  clerk  or  mes- 
senger employed  for  payment  by  a  candidate  at 
a  parliamentary  election  (y}. 

As  to  sub-section  (5). — This  would  appear  to  be 
merely  declaratory,  as  the  reasons  for  which  it 
has  been  held  that  peers  are  legally  incapable  of 
exercising  the  parliamentary  franchise  do  not 


(v)  See  pp.  167—172,  infra, 
(x)  See  pp.  8,  104—108,  supra. 
(y)  See  pp.  224—226,  infra. 


c 


QUALIFICATION  FOR  MEMBER  OF  LOCAL  AUTHORITY. 

apply  to  peeresses  (#),  whether  in  their  own  right     Sect.  9. 
or  by  marriage.     There  is,  of  course,  nothing  to 
prevent  either  peers  or  peeresses  from  voting  at 
a  local  government  election. 

10.  —  A  person  shall,  in  addition  to  and  Provision  as 
without   prejudice   to  any  other   qualifica-  t 
tion,  be  qualified  to  be  elected  a  member  of 
the  local  government  authority  for  any  local 
government  electoral  area1  if  he  is  the  owner 
of  property    held    by    freehold,    copyhold, 
leasehold,  or  any  other  tenure2  within  the 
area  of  that  authority. 

NOTE.  —  The  effect  of  this  section  is  to  enlarge 
the  qualifications  for  membership  of  local 
government  authorities.  There  is  no  limit 
of  value  in  regard  to  the  qualifying  property, 
nor  need  the  ownership  have  lasted  for  any 
particular  period.  The  section  also  prevents 
the  possible  disqualification,  by  reason  of  the 
conditions  of  the  local  government  or  parlia- 
mentary franchise  as  laid  down  in  the  present 
Act,  of  any  person  from  being  elected  a  member 
of  a  local  government  authority,  where  such 
person  would  have  been  qualified  for  such  election 
under  the  previously  existing  law  ;  e.g.,  by 
sect.  2  (b)  of  the  Local  Government  Act,  1888, 
"  a  person  shall  be  qualified  to  be  an  alderman  or 

1  See  p.  124,  infra.  2  See  p.  124,  infra. 

(z)  See  p.  67,  supra. 


124  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  10.  councillor  who,  though  not  qualified  in  manner 
provided  by  the  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  1882, 
as  applied  by  this  Act  (i.e.,  Local  Government 
Act,  1888)  ...  is  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
voter  in  respect  of  the  ownership  of  property  of 
whatsoever  tenure  situate  in  the  county."  Since 
the  ownership  qualification  for  the  parliamentary 
franchise  is  abolished  by  the  present  Act,  the  case 
might  arise  where  a  person  who  would  have  been 
qualified  under  the  above- quoted  provision  would, 
in  the  absence  of  sect.  10,  set  out  above,  not  be  so 
qualified  under  the  present  Act. 

the  local  government  authority  for  any  local 
government  electoral  area, 

The  words  u  local  government  authority " 
mean  a  county  council,  municipal  borough  coun- 
cil, metropolitan  borough  council,  district  council, 
board  of  guardians,  parish  council,  or  any  other 
body  elected  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  this 
Act  by  persons  on  the  local  government  register 
or  on  the  register  of  parochial  electors  (a) ;  and 
the  expression  " local  government  electoral  area" 
means  the  area  for  which  any  of  the  bodies  just 
mentioned  is  elected  (a). 

the  owner  of  property  held  by  freehold,  copy- 
hold, leasehold,  or  any  other  tenure. 

The  word  "owner"  is  used  here  somewhat 
loosely,  and  not  in  the  sense  in  which  it  is  used 
in  sect.  3  (b). 

(a)  See  sect.  41  (2),  pp.  305,  306,  infra. 
(6)  See  p.  46,  supra. 


REGISTERS. 


PART  II. 

REGISTRATION. 

[Sections  11—19.] 

11. — (1)  Two  registers  of  electors  shall  be  spring  and 
prepared  in  every  year,  of  which  one  (in  this 
Act  referred  to  as  the  spring  register)  shall 
be  made  for  the  qualifying  period  ending  on 
the  fifteenth  day  of  January,1  and  the  other 
(in  this  Act  referred  to  as  the  autumn 
register)  shall  be  made  for  the  qualifying 
period  ending  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  July.2 

(2)  The  spring  register  shall  come    into 
force  on  the  commencement  of  the  fifteenth 
day  of  April  and  remain  in  force  until  the 
fifteenth  day  of  October,3  and  the  autumn 
register  shall  come  into  force  on  the  com- 
mencement of  the  fifteenth  day  of  October 
and  remain  in  force  until  the  fifteenth  day 
of  April.4 

(3)  If  for    any    reason    the    registration 
officer   fails   to   compile  a  fresh   spring   or 
autumn  register  for  his  area  or  any  part  of 

1  See  pp.  126,  127,  infra.  3  See  pp.  127,  128,  infra. 

2  See  pp.  126,  127,  infra.  *  See  pp.  127,  128,  infra. 


126  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  n-  his  area,  the  register  in  force  at  the  time 
when  the  fresh  register  should  have  come 
into  force  shall  continue  to  operate  as  the 
register  for  the  area  or  part  of  an  area  in 
respect  of  which  default  has  been  made.5 

NOTE. — Sect.  11  deals  with  the  registers  of 
electors,  which  it  defines,  and  also  provides  for 
the  contingency  of  a  failure  to  compile  a  fresh 
register. 

As  to  sub-section  (1). — This  provides  that  there 
shall  be  two -registers  in  every  twelve  months, 
viz.  (a)  the  Spring  register,  on  which  are  to  be 
placed  the  names  of  the  men  and  women  who  are 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  parliamentary  or  local 
government  electors  by  reason  of  their  having 
fulfilled  the  conditions  of  the  franchise  during 
the  qualifying  period  ending  on  January  15th, 
and  (b)  the  Autumn  register,  on  which  are  to  be 
placed  the  names  of  the  men  and  women  who 
are  entitled  to  be  registered  as  parliamentary  or 
local  government  electors  by  reason  of  their  having 
fulfilled  the  conditions  of  the  franchise  during 
the  qualifying  period  ending  on  July  15th. 

It  is  submitted  that  the  above  is  the  meaning  of 
sect.  11  (1).  The  words  in  that  sub-section  (.  .  . 
the  Spring  register)  shall  be  made  for  the  quali- 
fying period  ending  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
January  and  the  corresponding  words  relating 
to  the  Autumn  register  can  only  mean  that  the 
Spring  and  Autumn  registers  respectively  shall 

6  See  pp.  128—130,  infra. 


REGISTERS.  127 

contain  the  names  of  the  persons  entitled  to  be     Sect- 11- 
registered  by  reason  of  their  having  fulfilled  the 
conditions  of  the  franchise  during  the  qualifying 
periods  ending  January  loth  and  July  15th  re- 
spectively (c). 

As  to  the  conditions  of  the  franchise,  see  sec- 
tions 1,  3,  4,  5,  supra.  As  to  the  qualifying 
period,  see  pp.  95 — 98,  supra. 

As  to  sub-section  (2). — The  Spring  register  is 
valid  only  from  midnight,  April  14th,  until  mid- 
night, October  14th,  and  the  Autumn  register 
from  midnight,  October  14th,  until  midnight, 
April  14th.  As  was  noted  above,  the  Spring 
register  contains  the  names  of  the  persons  who 
are  entitled  to  be  registered  by  reason  of  their 
having  fulfilled  the  conditions  of  the  franchise 
during  the  qualifying  period  ending  on  January 
15th,  and  such  persons  accordingly  only  obtain 
the  rights  which  registration  confers  (d)  during 
the  time  when  the  Spring  register  is  in  force, 
viz.  from  April  15th  to  October  15th.  Similarly, 
the  Autumn  register  contains  the  names  of  the 
persons  who  are  entitled  to  be  registered  by 
reason  of  their  having  fulfilled  the  conditions  of 
the  franchise  during  the  qualifying  period 
ending  on  July  15th,  and  accordingly  such 
persons  only  obtain  the  rights  which  registration 
confers  (e)  during  the  time  when  the  Autumn 
register  is  in  force,  viz.  from  October  15th  to 

(c)  But  as  to  the  first  register,  see  pp.  128,  129,  infra. 

(d)  See  pp.  102 — 108,  supra. 

(e)  See  pp.  102—108,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  11.  April  15th.  In  other  words,  for  a  person  to 
enjoy  the  rights  which  registration  confers(/) 
during  the  whole  twelve  months,  the  name  of 
such  person  must  appear  on  both  registers. 

As  to  sub-section  (3). — The  word  area  here  means 
"  registration  area."  By  sect.  12  (!)(#)  "  each 
parliamentary  borough  and  each  parliamentary 
county  shall  be  a  registration  area." 

It  should  be  noticed  that  by  sect.  46  (2)  it  is 
provided  that : — 

u  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act,  the 
first  register  to  be  prepared  under  this  Act  shall 
come  into  force  on,  and  remain  in  force  until, 
such  date  as  His  Majesty  may  fix  by  Order  in 
Council,  and  His  Majesty  may  by  any  such 
Order  alter,  in  connection  with  the  first  register, 
any  registration  dates,  including  the  dates  go- 
verning the  qualifying  period,  and  direct  that 
this  Act  shall  have  effect  as  so  altered." 

By  rule  6  of  the  Order  in  Council  dated 
June  4th,  1918  (7),  which  substituted  other  dates 
for  the  dates  specified  in  Orders  in  Council  dated 
March  4th,  1918  (m)  and  March  22nd,  191 8  (»), 
"  in  connection  with  the  first  register  to  be  pre- 
pared under  the  Act  the  registration  dates  and 
the  dates  governing  the  qualifying  period  shall, 
....  be  the  dates  specified  in  the  third  column 
of  the  Fifth  Schedule  to  this  Order." 


(/)  See  pp.  102—108,  supra. 

(k]  See  p.  130,  supra. 

(?)  See  p.  749,  infra. 

(m)  See  pp.  613— 614,  infra. 

(n)  See  pp.  626—627,  infra. 


DATES  FOR  FIRST  REGISTER. 


The  Schedule  is  as  follows  :— 
REGISTRATION  DATES. 


Sect.  11. 


Subject-matter. 

Date  specified 
in  Act. 

Substituted 
date. 

End  of  qualifying  period  .... 
Publication  of  lists  

15  Jan.  —  July 
1  Fek%  —  Aug. 

15  April 
29  June 

Last  day  for  objections  to  elec- 
tors lists    

15  Feb.  —  Aug. 

10  July 

Last  day  for  claims     
Last  day  for  claims  as  absent 
voters    

18  Feb.—  Aug. 
18  Feb.  —  Aug. 

17  July 
31  July 

Date  referred  to  in  Bale   17 
(see  p.  345,  infra}    

18  Feb.  —  Aug. 

17  Auer 

Publication  of  list  of  objec- 
tions to  electors  lists     

21  Feb.  —  Aug. 

19  July 

Publication  of  list  of  claimants 
Last    day   for    objections    to 
claimants  

24  Feb.—  Aug. 
7  Mar.  —  4  Sept. 

25  July 
31  July 

Publication  of  list  of   objec- 
tions to  claimants  (as  soon 
as  practicable  after) 

7  Mar  —  4  Sept. 

31  July 

Publication  and  coming   into 
force  of  register  . 

15  ADril—  Oct. 

1  Oct." 

In  its  application  to  Ireland  sect.  11  must  be  Application 

-.         ,  .  ,        „   -,,  .    .  „  to  Ireland. 

read  subject  to  the  following  provisions  of  sect. 


n 


"  One  register  of  electors  only  shall  be  made 
each  year,  and  all  provisions  applicable  to 
the  autumn  register  shall  apply  as  respects  the 
yearly  register  (except  that  the  yearly  register 
shall  remain  in  force  until  the  fifteenth  day  of 
October  in  the  next  following  year),  and  the  pro- 
visions as  to  the  preparation  of  two  registers  in 
each  year  and  as  to  the  spring  register  shall  not 
apply." 

(o)  See  pp.  334,  335,  infra. 


1'JO  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  11.  It  should  be  noticed  that  in  Ireland  there  is 
only  one  qualifying  period  in  each  year,  being 
a  period  of  six  months  ending  on  July  loth  (ri). 


12.  —  H)  Each  parliamentary  borough  and 

officers  and  >     '  TUT 

area8.  each  parliamentary  county  shall  be  a  regis- 

tration area,  and  there  shall  be  a  registra- 
tion officer  for  each  registration  area. 

(2)  Where  the  registration  area  is  a  par- 
liamentary county  and  is  coterminous  with, 
or  wholly  contained  in,  one  administrative 
county,   the   clerk    of  the   county   council, 
and  where  the  registration  area  is  a  par- 
liamentary borough  and  is  coterminous  with, 
or    wholly    contained    in,    one     municipal 
borough,    the   town   clerk  of  the   borough 
shall  be  the  registration  officer  for  the  area. 

In  any  other  case  such  clerk  of  the  county 
council,  or  town  clerk,  shall  be  registration 
officer  for  the  area  as  the  Local  Government 
Board  may  by  Order  direct,  subject  to  any 
conditions  which  may  be  made  by  the  Order 
as  to  the  appointment  of  deputies  for  any 
part  of  the  area. 

(3)  Any  of  the  duties  and  powers  of  the 
registration  officer  may  be  performed  and 
exercised  by  any  deputy  for  the  time  being 
approved  by  the  Local  Government  Board, 

(w)  See  sect.  44  (11)  (a),  p.  334,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  OFFICERS  AND  AREAS.  18 

and  the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  apply  to    sect.  12. 
any  such  deputy  so  far  as  respects  any  duties 
or  powers  to  be  performed  or  exercised  by 
him  as  it  applies  to  the  registration  officer. 

(4)  In  the  event  of  any  vacancy  in  the 
office  of  any  clerk  of  the  county  council  or 
town  clerk  who  is  a  registration  officer,  or 
in  the  event  of  his  incapacity  to  act,  any 
acts  authorised  or  required  to  be  done  by  or 
with  respect  to  the  registration  officer  may 
be  done  by  or  with  respect  to  any  person 
temporarily  appointed  in  that  behalf  by  the 
chairman  of  the  county  council  or  the 
mayor  as  the  case  may  be. 

NOTE. — Each  parliamentary  borough  and  each 
parliamentary  county.  A  list  of  these  in  Eng- 
land and  Wales  is  given  in  the  Ninth  Schedule  to 
this  Act.  See  pp.  404—467,  482—543,  infra. 

Any  of  the  duties  and  powers  of  the  registra- 
tion officer. — As  to  what  these  are,  see  sect.  13, 
pp.  133—134,  infra,  and  First  Schedule,  pp.  339- 
357,  infra. 

This  section  does  not  apply  to  Scotland,  but  Application 

,*1  x  .    .  to  Scotland. 

by  section  43,  sub-section  (8),  the  provisions  of 
that  sub-section  are  substituted  for  those  of 
section  12.  The  provisions  of  section  43,  sub- 
section (8),  will  be  found  set  out  on  pp.  317 — 319, 
infra. 

9(2) 


H*  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  12.         In  its  application  to  Ireland  sect.  12  of  the  Act 


Applic 
to  Ireli 


cation     is,  by  reason  of  the  provisions  of  sect.  44,  sub- 


reland. 


sect.  (2)  (p)  and  part  of  sub-sect.  (3)  (q\  to  be  read 
subject  to  the  following  modifications  :- 

u(2)  The  reference  (in  sect.  12  (3))  to  the 
Local  Government  Board  in  relation  to  the  ap- 
proval of  a  deputy  for  the  execution  of  any  of 
the  powers  and  duties  of  a  registration  officer 
shall  be  construed  as  a  reference  to  the  Lord 
Lieutenant,  and  other  references  to  that  Board 
shall  be  construed  as  references  to  the  Local 
Government  Board  for  Ireland : 

"  (3) — (a)  The  clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace  for 
an  administrative  county,  not  being  a  county 
borough,  shall  be  the  registration  officer  for  any 
parliamentary  county  which  is  coterminous  with, 
or  the  whole  or  greater  part  of  which  is  contained 
in,  the  administrative  county  and  no  part  is  con- 
tained in  a  county  borough,  and  the  clerk  of  the 
crown  and  peace  for  a  county  borough  shall  be 
the  registration  officer  for  any  parliamentary 
borough  which  is  coterminous  with,  or  the  whole 
or  any  part  of  which  is  contained  in,  the  county 
borough  (r)  .  .  .  ." 

Moreover,  sect.  44  (3)  (c)  (*)  is  substituted  for 
sub-sect.  (4)  of  sect.  12. 


(p)  See  p.  327,  infra, 
(q)  See  pp.  327,  328,  infra. 

(r)  For  the  proviso  in  this  sub-section  relating  to  Dublin  and 
Belfast,  see  p.  144,  infra. 
(«)  See  pp.  329,  330,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  DUTIES.  133 

13.— (1)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  regis-  Seot- 18- 
tration  officer  to  compile  the  spring  and  duetfe^rfttion 
autumn  register,  and  to  place,  or  cause  to  be 
placed,  on  the  register  in  accordance  with 
the  rules  set  out  in  the  First  Schedule  to 
this  Act  the  names  of  those  entitled  to  vote 
as  parliamentary  electors  or  local  govern- 
ment electors  in  his  registration  area,  and  to 
comply  with  any  general  or  special  direc- 
tions which  may  be  given  by  the  Local 
Government  Board  with  respect  to  the 
arrangements  to  be  made  by  the  registra- 
tion officer  for  carrying  out  his  duties  as  to 
registration. 

If  a  registration  officer  refuses,  neglects  or 
fails  without  reasonable  cause  to  perform 
any  of  his  duties  in  connection  with  regis- 
tration, he  shall  be  liable  on  summary  con- 
viction to  a  fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred 
pounds. 

(2)  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council 
prescribe  the  forms  to  be  used  for  registra- 
tion purposes  and  any  fees  to  be  taken  in 
connection  therewith,  and  alter  the  rules 
contained  in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  this  Act  into  full 
effect,  or  for  carrying  into  effect  any  Act  for 
the  time  being  in  force  amending  or  affect- 
ing this  Act. 


134  REPKE8ENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect,  is.  Xhe  rules  contained  in  the  First  Schedule 
to  this  Act  and  any  Order  so  made  shall 
have  effect  as  if  enacted  in  this  Act. 

NOTE. — This  section  imposes  upon  the  regis- 
tration officer  the  duty  of  ascertaining  what  per- 
sons in  the  area  for  which  he  is  registration 
officer  are  entitled  to  be  placed  on  the  register 
as  parliamentary  and  as  local  government  electors 
and  to  place  such  names  or  cause  them  to  be 
placed  on  the  register. 

the  rules  set  out  in  the  First  Schedule  to  this 
Act. — For  these  rules,  see  pp.  339 — 357,  infra. 

and  to  comply  with  any  general  or  special 
directions  which  may  be  given  by  the  Local 
Government  Board. — These  directions  are  set 
out  in  Appendix  I.  See  p.  555,  infra. 

shall  be  liable  on  summary  conviction  to  a 
fine  not  exceeding  one  hundred  pounds. — If  a 

registration  officer  refuses,  neglects  or  fails  with- 
out reasonable  cause  to  perform  any  of  his  duties 
in  connection  with  registration,  such  refusal,  ne- 
glect or  failure  does  not  constitute  an  indictable 
offence,  but  is  punishable  upon  summary  convic- 
tion and  renders  the  registration  officer  liable  to 
be  prosecuted  under  the  Summary  Jurisdiction 
Acts. 

The  Order  in  Council  prescribing  forms  referred 
to  in  sub-section  (2)  above  is  set  out  at  pp.  555— 
578,  infra,  and  that  prescribing  fees  at  pp.  747 — 
753,  infra   (see  particularly  rule  2,  p.   748,   and 
Second  Schedule,  p.  751). 


APPEALS.  135 

14. — (1)  An  appeal  shall  lie  to  the  county  Sect- 14- 
court,  as  defined  by  rules  of  court,  from  any 
decision  of  the  registration  officer  on  any 
claim  or  objection  which  has  been  considered 
by  him  under  this  Act,  or  the  placing  of  or 
refusal  to  place  any  mark  against  any  name 
on  the  register,  and  rules  of  court  shall  be 
made  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the 
procedure  on  any  such  appeals  and  for 
applying  and  adapting  thereto  any  enact- 
ments relating  to  county  courts  and  the 
procedure  therein  : 

Provided  that  an  appeal  shall  not  lie 
where  tf  claimant  or  objector  has  not  availed 
himself  of  his  opportunity,  as  provided  in 
the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act,  of  being 
heard  by  the  registration  officer  on  the 
claim  or  objection,  or  as  to  the  placing  of 
or  refusing  to  place  any  such  mark  as 
aforesaid. 

(2)  An  appeal  shall  lie  on  any  point  of 
law  from  any  decision  of  the  county  court 
on  any  such  appeal  from  the  registration 
officer  in  accordance  with  rules  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  to  the  Court  of  Appeal,  but 
no  appeal  shall  lie  from  the  decision  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal. 

(3)  The   right    of  voting   of  any   person 
whose  name  is  for  the  time  being  on  the 
register    shall    not    be    prejudiced   by   any 


136  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  14.  appeal  pending  under  this  section,  and  any 
vote  given  in  pursuance  of  that  right  shall 
be  as  good  as  if  no  such  appeal  were 
pending,  and  shall  not  be  affected  by  the 
subsequent  decision  of  the  appeal. 

(4)  Notice  shall  be  sent  to  the  registration 
officer  in  manner  provided  by  rules  of  court 
of  the  decision  of  the  county  court  or  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal  on  any  appeal  under  this 
section,    and   the    registration   officer   shall 
make  such  alterations  in  the  electors  lists  or 
register  as  may  be  required  to  give  effect  to 
the  decision. 

(5)  On  any  appeal  under  this  section  the 
registration  officer  shall  be  deemed  to  be  a 
party  to  the  proceedings. 

(6)  If  the  Lord  Chancellor  is  satisfied  on 
the    representation    of   the   judge    of    any 
county  court  that  the  judge  is  unable,  owing 
to   the   necessity   of   dealing   with   appeals 
under  this  Act,  to  transact  the  business  of 
the   court  with  proper  despatch,  the  Lord 
Chancellor  may  appoint  a    barrister    of  at 
least  seven  years'  standing  to  act  as  assistant 
judge  for  such  time  as  the  Lord  Chancellor 
may  direct,  and  subject  to  any  conditions 
which  he  may  impose.  . 

Any  assistant  judge  so  appointed  shall 
have  all  the  powers  and  privileges  and  may 
perform  any  of  the  duties  of  the  judge, 


APPEALS.  137 

whether  under  this   Act   or   otherwise,    to    sect.  14. 
whom  he  has  been  appointed  assistant. 

An  assistant  judge  shall  be  paid  out  of 
moneys  provided  by  Parliament  such  re- 
muneration and  travelling  allowances  as 
may  be  allowed  by  the  Treasury.  . 

In  the  application  of  this  provision  to  a 
county  court  district  the  whole  of  which  is 
within  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  the  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Duchy  shall  be  substituted  for 
the  Lord  Chancellor. 

NOTE. — An  appeal. — Anyone  who  is  entitled 
to  make  and  has  made  a  claim  or  objection  can 
appeal  to  the  county  court  from  the  decision  of 
the  registration  officer,  whether  such  decision  be 
on  a  question  of  fact  or  a  point  of  law,  as  to 
which  see  below. 

For  the  rules  of  court  referred  to  in  sub- 
sections (1),  (2)  and  (4),  see  pp.  638 — 671,  infra. 

on  any  claim  or  objection. — See  pp.  342 — 345, 
and  Rule  25,  pp.  3-1:8,  349,  infra. 

any  mark  against  any  name  on  the  register. 
—See  Rule  2,  p.  340,  infra,  and  pp.  342 — 345, 
577,  infra. 

where  a  claimant  or  objector  has  not  availed 
himself  of  his  opportunity,  as  provided  in  the 
First  Schedule  to  this  Act,  of  being  heard  by  the 
registration  officer. — See  Rules  20,  21,  p.  347, 
and  Rule  39,  p.  353,  infra. 

An  appeal  shall  lie  on  any  point  of  law  from 
any  decision  of  the  county  court. — It  will  be 
noticed  that  an  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the 


las 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Sect.  14. 


Application 
to  Scotland. 


Application 
to  Ireland. 


county  court  will  only  lie  on  a  point  of  law. 
Where  it  is  clear  that  the  findings  of  fact  by  the 
registration  officer  are  dependent  on  an  erroneous 
view  of  the  law  (r),  or  where  there  is  no  evidence 
to  support  such  findings,  an  appeal  will  lie  (s). 

In  Scotland  the  reference  to  the  county  court 
in  the  above  section  shall  be  construed  as  a  re- 
ference to  the  sheriff  court,  and  reference  to  the 
Supreme  Court  shall  be  construed  as  a  reference 
to  the  Court  of  Session,  and  a  reference  to  the 
Court  of  Appeal  shall  be  construed  as  a  reference 
to  the  Court  of  three  judges  of  the  Court  of 
Session  constituted  by  sect.  23  of  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  (Scotland)  Act,  1868  (£). 
Moreover,  sect.  43  (9)(w)  of  the  present  Act  enacts 
that  ' '  the  provisions  regarding  the  appointment 
of  an  assistant  judge  (in  sect.  14  above)  shall  riot 
apply  "  to  Scotland. 

In  its  application  to  Ireland  sect.  14  is  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  sect.  44  (5)  (#),  which  are  as 
follows  : — 

"  For  the  purposes  of  appeals  from  the  regis- 
tration officer,  .  .  .  the  powers  and  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  county  court  shall,  unless  and  until 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  otherwise  direct,  be  exer- 


(r]  Cawley  v.  Furncll  (1851),  12  0.  B.  291  ;  Cuthbertson  v.  Purses 
(1852),  12  C.  B.  304. 

(s]  G.  N.  R.  Co.  v.  llimel  (1856),  18  0.  B.  575;  Brituli  Industry 
Lift-.  Ass.  Co.  v.  Ward  (1856),  17  C.  B.  644. 

(0  See  sect.  43  (1),  (h),  (f)  and  (g)  of  the  present  Act,  pp.  309, 
310,  infra. 

(«)  See  p.  319,  infra. 

(x)  See  p.  331,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  EXPENSES. 

cised,  as  respects  the  parliamentary  borough  of  Sect.  14. 
Dublin,  by  the  persons  who  are  at  the  time  of 
the  passing  of  this  Act  Dublin  revising  barris- 
ters, and  as  respects  the  parliamentary  county  of 
Dublin  by  the  person  who  is  at  the  time  of  the 
passing  of  this  Act  revising  barrister  for  that 
county ;  but  while  those  powers  are  so  exercised, 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  as  to  county  courts 
shall  apply  to  those  persons  as  they  apply  to 
county  courts,  with  the  necessary  modifications, 
and  in  particular  with  the  modification  that  assis- 
tant judges  may  be  appointed  to  assist  those 
persons  if  in  the  opinion  of  the  Lord  Chancellor 
such  appointment  is  necessary  in  order  to  enable 
the  appeals  to  be  disposed  of  with  proper  dispatch. " 

15. — (1)  Any  expenses  properly  incurred  Expenses  of 

,  \    '.        ,  .  J  £  .    ^ ^         J  f  registration. 

by  a  registration  officer  in  the  performance 
of  his  duties  in  relation  to  registration, 
including  all  proper  and  reasonable  charges 
for  trouble,  care  and  attention  in  the  per- 
formance of  those  duties,  and  any  costs 
incurred  by  him  as  party  to  an  appeal  (in 
this  Act  referred  to  as  "registration  ex- 
penses ")  shall  be  paid  by  the  council  whose 
clerk  the  registration  officer  is,  or  by  whom 
he  is  appointed,  subject,  in  cases  where  the 
registration  area  is  not  coterminous  with  or 
wholly  contained  in  the  area  of  that  council, 
to  such  contributions  by  the  council  of  any 
other  county  or  borough  as  the  Local  Go- 
vernment Board  may  direct. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Se<*- lft  Any  such  expenses  shall  be  paid  in  the 
case  of  the  council  of  a  county  out  of  the 
county  fund,  and  if  the  case  requires  as 
expenses  for  special  county  purposes,  and  in 
the  case  of  a  council  of  a  borough  out  of  the 
borough  fund  or  borough  rate,  or,  where 
there  is  no  borough  fund  or  borough  rate, 
out  of  the  fund  or  rate  out  of  which  the 
ordinary  expenses  of  the  council  of  the 
borough  are  paid. 

(2)  The  Treasury  may  frame  a  scale  of 
registration  expenses  applicable  to  all  or  any 
class  or  classes  of  those  expenses,  and  may 
alter  the  scale  as  and  when  they  think  fit. 

Any  expenses  incurred  by  the  registration 
officer  of  a  class  to  which  the  scale  is  applic- 
able shall  be  taken  to  be  properly  incurred 
if  they  do  not  exceed  the  maximum  amount 
determined  by  or  in  accordance  with  the 
scale,  and  so  far  as  they  do  exceed  that 
amount  shall  be  taken  not  to  have  been 
properly  incurred  unless  the  excess  is 
specially  sanctioned  by  the  council  and  the 
Treasury  either  before  or  after  the  expenses 
have  been  incurred. 

If  any  question  arises  whether  any  ex- 
penses incurred  by  the  registration  officer  of 
a  class  to  which  the  scale  is  not  applicable 
have  been  properly  incurred  or  not,  that 
question  shall  be  referred  to  the  Local 


KEGISTRATION  EXPENSES.  141 

Government  Board,  and  the  decision  of  the    seot  ** 
Board  on  the  question  shall  be  final. 

(3)  Any  fees  or  other  sum  received  by  the 
registration  officer  in  respect  of  his  duties  as 
such  officer,  other  than  sums  paid  to  that 
officer  in  respect  of  his  registration  expenses, 
shall  be  accounted  for  by  that  officer  and 
paid  to  the  credit  of  the  fund  or  rate  out  of 
which  the  expenses  of  that  officer  are  paid. 

(4)  There    shall   be  paid  out  of  moneys 
provided  by  Parliament  to  the  council  of 
any  county  or  borough  in  aid  of  the  fund  or 
rate  out  of  which  any  registration  expenses 
are  paid  by  the  council,  in  accordance  with 
this  Act,  one  half  of  the  amount  so  paid  by 
the  council. 

(5)  On   the   request   of   the   registration 
officer  of  any  registration  area  for  an  ad- 
vance on  account  of  registration  expenses, 
the    council   whose    clerk   the   registration 
officer  is  may,  if  they  think  fit,  make  such 
an   advance    to   him   of  such   amount   and 
subject  to   such   conditions  as  the  council 
may  approve. 

in  the  performance  of  his  duties. — As  to  what 
are  the  duties  of  the  registration  officer,  see  sect. 
13,  pp.  133 — 134,  supra,  and  First  Schedule,  pp. 
339—357,  infra. 

as  party  to  an  appeal. — See  sect.  14,  pp.  135— 
137,  and  137—138,  supra. 


14$  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect  is         registration  area. — See  sect.  12  ( 1),  p.  1 30,  supra. 

For  the  scale  of  registration  expenses  men- 
tioned in  sub-section  (2),  see  pp.  610 — 612,  infra. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (3)  above,  any 
fees  or  other  sum  received  by  the  registration 
officer  in  respect  of  his  duties  as  such  officer, 
other  than  sums  paid  to  that  officer  in  respect  of 
his  registration  expenses,  the  fees  here  referred 
to  are  those  mentioned  in  Rules  28  and  33  of  the 
Registration  Rules  (y\  and  Rule  8  of  the  Third 
Schedule  (z).  For  the  amount  of  such  fees,  see 
Order  in  Council,  June  4th,  1918,  rule  2,  p.  748, 
and  Second  Schedule,  p.  751,  infra. 

Application  The  first  sub-section  of  sect.  15  does  not  apply 
to  Scotland,  and  in  lieu  thereof  the  provisions  of 
sect.  43  (II)  (a)  are  applicable.  These  provisions 
are  as  follows : — 

"  Any  expenses  properly  incurred  by  any  re- 
gistration officer  in  the  performance  of  his  duties 
in  relation  to  registration,  including  all  proper 
and  reasonable  charges  for  trouble,  care,  and 
attention  in  the  performance  of  those  duties  and 
any  cost  incurred  by  him  as  party  to  an  appeal 
(in  this  Act  referred  to  as  '  registration  expenses '), 
shall  be  paid  by  the  council  appointing  the  regis- 
tration officer.  Provided  that,  where  a  burgh 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Local  Government 
(Scotland)  Act,  1889,  is  not  a  separate  registra- 
tion area,  the  council  thereof  shall  pay  to  the 
council  appointing  the  registration  officer  a  con- 
tribution towards  the  registration  expenses,  and 

(«/)  See  pp.  350,  351,  infra. 

(z)  See  p.  360,  infra. 

(a)  See  pp.  319,  320,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  EXPENSES.  143 

sub-section  (4)  of  section  sixty  and  section  sixty-  Sect.  l«. 
six  of  that  Act  shall  apply,  with  the  necessary 
modifications,  to  such  contribution.  The  amount 
necessary  to  defray  any  registration  expenses  or 
any  contribution  thereto,  as  the  case  may  be 
shall  be  assessed  and  levied  in  any  one  of  the 
modes  allowed  by  the  Valuation  Acts  with  re- 
spect to  the  costs  and  expenses  of  making  up  the 
valuation  roll." 

In  its  application  to  Ireland,  sect.  15  is  subject  Application 
to  the  modifications  enacted  by  sect.  44  (3)  (a) 
(b)  (b)  of  the  Act.      Sect,   44  (3)   (a)    (b)  is  as 
follows : — 

"  (a)  The  clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace  for 
an  administrative  county,  not  being  a  county 
borough,  shall  be  the  registration  officer  for  any 
parliamentary  county  which  is  coterminous  with, 
or  the  whole  or  greater  part  of  which  is  contained 
in,  the  administrative  county,  and  for  any  parlia- 
mentary borough  of  which  the  whole  or  greater 
part  is  contained  in  the  administrative  county  and 
no  part  is  contained  in  a  county  borough,  and  the 
clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace  for  a  county  borough 
shall  be  the  registration  officer  for  any  parlia- 
mentary borough  which  is  coterminous  with,  or 
the  whole  or  any  part  of  which  is  contained  in, 
the  county  borough,  and  the  council  of  that  ad- 
ministrative county  or  county  borough,  as  the 
case  may  be,  shall  be  the  council  by  which  the 
registration  expenses  of  that  registration  officer 
are  to  be  paid,  subject  in  cases  where  the  parlia- 

(b)  See  pp.  327—329,  infra. 


144:  BEPKE8ENTAT10N  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  15.  mentary  county  or  parliamentary  borough  is  not 
coterminous  with,  or  wholly  contained  in,  the 
administrative  county  or  county  borough,  as  the 
case  may  be,  to  such  contribution  by  the  council 
of  any  other  administrative  county  or  county 
borough  as  the  Local  Government  Board  may 
direct :  Provided  that  the  registration  expenses 
to  be  paid  by  a  council  shall  not  include  any 
charges  for  trouble,  care,  and  attention,  in  the 
performance  of  duties  which  are  performed  by 
the  registration  officer  in  person  :  Provided  also 
that  the  persons  who,  at  the  passing  of  this  Act, 
are  town  clerks  for  the  county  borough  of  Dublin 
and  the  county  borough  of  Belfast,  respectively, 
shall,  so  long  as  they  hold  their  respective  offices, 
be  the  registration  officers  for  the  parliamentary 
borough  of  Dublin  and  the  parliamentary  borough 
of  Belfast,  respectively,  and  that  the  last  pre- 
ceding proviso  shall  not  apply  in  their  case. 


tt 


(b)  The  registration  expenses  shall  be  paid  in 
the  case  of  the  council  of  a  county  borough,  out  of 
the  rate  or  fund  out  of  which  the  general  expenses 
of  the  council  are  paid,  or  out  of  any  other  rate 
or  fund  which  the  Local  Government  Board  may 
on  the  application  of  the  council  approve,  and,  in 
the  case  of  a  council  of  any  other  administrative 
county,  out  of  the  poor  rate  as  a  county  at  large 
charge,  except  in  cases  to  which  section  twelve 
of  the  Parliamentary  Registration  (Ireland)  Act, 
1885,  applies." 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  proviso  in  the  above 
sub-section  introduces  a  material  difference  in  the 


PROVISIONS  AS  TO  URBAN  DISTRICTS  AND  LONDON.  145 

meaning  of  the  words  u  expenses  properly  incurred     Sect.  is. 
by  the  registration  officer  "  as  compared  with  the 
meaning  of  these  words  in  sect.  15  (1). 

"  Local  Government  Board"  throughout  the 
sub-section  just  quoted  means  the  Local  G-overn- 
ment  Board  for  Ireland  (<?). 

As  to  the  words  "  except  in  cases  to  which 
section  twelve  of  the  Parliamentary  Registration 
(Ireland)  Act,  1885,  applies,"  that  section  enacts 
that  the  commissioners  of  the  townships  of  Pem- 
broke and  Blackrock  shall  make  certain  contribu- 
tions to  the  treasurer  of  the  Corporation  of  Dublin 
in  respect  of  the  registration  expenses  incurred 
by  the  Corporation. 

The  provisions  of  sect.  44  (6),  set  out  on  pp.  331, 
332,  infra,  should  also  be  noticed. 

16.  —  (1)  Where  an  urban  district  is  co-  special  Fro- 
terminous  with  a  registration  area  which  is  ™ 
a  parliamentary  borough  or  is  wholly  con- 


tained  in  such  area,  this  Part  of  this  Act 
shall  apply  to  that  district  as  it  applies  to  a 
municipal  borough,  with  the  substitution  of 
the  clerk  of  the  urban  district  council  for 
the  town  clerk,  of  the  urban  district  council 
for  the  council  of  the  borough,  of  the  general 
district  rate  for  the  borough  fund  or  borough 
rate,  and  of  the  chairman  of  the  council  for 
the  mayor. 

(2)  Any  reference  to  a  municipal  borough 

(c)  See  sect.  44  (2),  p.  327,  infra. 

F.  10 


146  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  16.  in  this  Part  of  this  Act  shall  include  a  re- 
ference to  a  metropolitan  borough  and  the 
City  of  London,  with  the  substitution,  as 
respects  a  metropolitan  borough,  of  the  clerk 
of  the  metropolitan  borough  council  for  the 
town  clerk,  and  of  the  metropolitan  borough 
council  for  the  council  of  the  municipal 
borough,  and  as  respects  the  City  of  Lon- 
don, of  the  Secondary  for  the  town  clerk 
and  of  the  common  council  for  the  council 
of  the  municipal  borough. 

Any  registration  expenses  of  a  metro- 
politan borough  council  shall  be  paid  as 
general  expenses  of  the  council,  and  any 
expenses  of  the  common  council  shall  be 
paid  out  of  the  general  rate. 

NOTE. — registration  area. — This  is  defined  in 
sect.  12  (1),  p.  130,  supra. 

The  effect  of  sub-section  (1)  above  is  as  fol- 
lows : — The  registration  officer  for  the  registration 
area  contemplated  by  such  sub-section  is  the  clerk 
of  the  urban  district  council  (d). 

The  registration  expenses  of  the  registration 
officer  shall  be  paid  by  the  urban  district  council 
out  of  the  general  district  rate  (e). 

In  the  event  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
any  clerk  of  the  urban  district  council  who  is 
registration  officer,  or  in  the  event  of  his  inca- 

(d)  See  sect.  12  (2),  p.  130,  supra. 

(e)  See  sect,  15  (1),  pp.  139,  140,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  OF  FREEMAN.  147 

pacity  to  act,  any  acts  authorised  or  required  to     Sect.  le. 
be  done  by  or  with  respect  to  the  registration 
officer  may  be  done  by  or  with  respect  to  any 
person  temporarily  appointed  in  that  behalf  by 
the  chairman  of  the  council  (/). 

Sect.  16  (1)  does  not  apply  to  Ireland  (g). 

As  to  sub-section  (2),  see  sect.  12  (2),  p.  130, 
supra. 

17. — (1)  A  freeman  of  the  City  of  London,  special  pro- 
being  a  liveryman  of  one  of  the  several  com-  registration 
panies  who  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  &c. 
parliamentary  elector  in  respect  of  a  busi- 
ness premises  qualification  within  the  city, 
shall   be   entitled,    if  he  thinks   fit,  to   be 
entered  in  a  separate  list  of  liverymen  in  the 
register    of  parliamentary  electors,  and   to 
record  his  vote  for  Parliament  as  a  liVery- 
man. 

(2)  The  foregoing  provision  shall  apply  to 
the  freemen  of  any  borough  if  the  council 
of  the  borough  so  resolve,  and  the  expression 
"freemen"  shall  include  any  persons  by  what- 
ever name  called  enjoying  in  that  borough 
rights  similar  to  those  enjoyed  by  freemen 
of  the  city  of  London  in  that  city. 

NOTE. — It  will  be  observed  that  the  right  of  a 
freeman  of  the  City  of  London  to  be  registered 
and  to  vote  is  limited  to  such  freemen  as  are 

(/)  See  sect.  12  (4),  p.  131,  supra, 
(g)  See  sect.  44  (10),  pp.  333,  334,  infra. 
10(2) 


148 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Sect.  17.  liverymen  of  one  of  the  several  companies  and 
are  entitled  to  be  registered  as  parliamentary 
electors  in  respect  of  a  business  premises  quali- 
fication (g)  within  the  City. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  no  freeman  who 
is  not  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  in  respect  of  a  business  premises  qualifica- 
tion within  the  City  is  entitled  to  be  registered 
or  vote  as  a  liveryman.  The  same  observation 
is  applicable  to  freemen  of  any  borough  under 
sect.  17  (2). 

The  right  to  vote  as  a  freeman  is  alternative  to 
that  of  voting  in  respect  of  a  business  premises 
qualification. 


Compensa- 
tion to  exist- 
ing officers. 


51  &  52  Viet, 
c.  41. 


18.  Every  person  who  is  an  assistant  over- 
seer at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  this  Act, 
and  who  suffers  any  direct  pecuniary  loss  in 
consequence  of  this  Act,  shall  be  entitled  to 
have  compensation  paid  to  him  as  registra- 
tion expenses  by  the  council  responsible  for 
the  payment  of  registration  expenses,  and 
in  determining  such  compensation — 

(a)  regard  shall  be  had  to  the  conditions 
and  other  circumstances  required 
by  sub-section  (1)  of  section  one 
hundred  and  twenty  of  the  Local 
Government  Act,  1888,  in  regard 
to  cases  of  compensation  under  that 
section  ;  and 


(y]  See  pp.  24—37,  supra. 


COMPENSATION  TO  EXISTING  OFFICERS. 

(b)  the  compensation  shall  not  exceed  the    Sect- 18- 

limit  therein  mentioned  ;  and 

(c)  the    expression   in    sub-section  (1)   of 

that  section  "The  Acts  and  rules 
relating  to  Her  Majesty's  Civil  Ser- 
vice "  shall  mean  the  Acts  and  rules 
relating  to  His  Majesty's  Civil  Ser- 
vice which  were  in  operation  at  the 
date  of  the  passing  of  the  Local 
Government  Act,  1888  ;  and 

(d)  the  provisions  of  sub -sections  (2)  to 

(7)  of  the  same  section  shall  apply 
with    such    modifications    (includ- 
ing the  substitution  of  the  "Local 
Government  Board "  for  the  "Trea- 
sury ")  as  may   be   required,   and 
including    in    sub-section   (2)   the 
substitution  of  the   words   "  next 
before   the  thirtieth   day  of  Sep- 
tember, nineteen  hundred  and  four- 
teen "  for  the  words  "  next  before 
the  passing  of  this  Act." 
In  this  section  the  expression  "  assistant 
overseer  "  includes  any  person  executing  any 
of  the  duties  of  overseer,  and  receiving  pay- 
ment therefor. 

NOTE. — direct  pecuniary  loss. — In  interpret- 
ing these  words,  in  view  of  the  later  language 
of  this  section,  regard  must  be  had  to  the  con- 
ditions and  other  circumstances  required  by  sub- 


150  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  is.  section  (1)  of  sect.  120  of  the  Local  Government 
"  Act,  1888.  Sub-section  (1)  of  sect.  120  of  the 
last-mentioned  Act,  together  with  sub-sections  (2) 
to  (7)  of  sect.  120,  which  are  referred  to  in  sect. 
18  of  the  present  Act  in  connection  with  the 
compensation  payable  under  this  section,  are  as 
follows : — 

"(1)  Every  existing  officer  declared  by  this 
Act  to  be  entitled  to  compensation,  and  every 
other  existing  officer,  whether  before  mentioned 
in  this  Act  or  not,  who  by  virtue  of  this  Act,  or 
anything  done  in  pursuance  of  or  in  consequence 
of  this  Act,  suffers  any  direct  pecuniary  loss  by 
abolition  of  office  or  by  diminution  or  loss  of  fees 
or  salary,  shall  be  entitled  to  have  compensation 
paid  to  him  for  such  pecuniary  loss  by  the  county 
council,  to  whom  the  powers  of  the  authority, 
whose  officer  he  was,  are  transferred  under  this 
Act,  regard  being  had  to  the  conditions  on  which 
his  appointment  was  made,  to  the  nature  of  his 
office  or  employment,  to  the  duration  of  his  ser- 
vice, to  any  additional  emoluments  which  he 
acquires  by  virtue  of  this  Act  or  of  anything 
done  in  pursuance  of  or  in  consequence  of  this 
Act,  and  to  the  emoluments  which  he  might  have 
acquired  if  he  had  not  refused  to  accept  any  office 
offered  by  any  council  or  other  body  acting  under 
this  Act,  and  to  all  the  other  circumstances  of  the 
case,  and  the  compensation  shall  not  exceed  the 
amount  which,  under  the  Acts  and  rules  relating 
to  Her  Majesty's  Civil  Service  (h),  is  paid  to  a 
person  on  abolition  of  office. 

(/O  See  p.  153,  infra. 


COMPENSATION  TO  EXISTING  OFFICERS.  1 

"(2)  Every  person  who  is  entitled  to  compen-  Sect.  18. 
sation,  as  above  mentioned,  shall  deliver  to  the 
county  council  a  claim  under  his  hand  setting 
forth  the  whole  amount  received  and  expended 
by  him  or  his  predecessors  in  office,  in  every  year 
during  the  period  of  five  years  next  before  the 
passing  of  this  Act,  on  account  of  the  emoluments 
for  which  he  claims  compensation,  distinguishing 
the  offices  in  respect  of  which  the  same  have  been 
received,  and  accompanied  by  a  statutory  de- 
claration under  the  Statutory  Declaration  Act, 
1835,  that  the  same  is  a  true  statement  according 
to  the  best  of  his  knowledge,  information,  and 
belief. 

"  (3)  Such  statement  shall  be  submitted  to  the 
county  council,  who  shall  forthwith  take  the  same 
into  consideration,  and  assess  the  just  amount  of 
compensation  (if  any),  and  shall  forthwith  inform 
the  claimant  of  their  decision. 

u  (4)  If  a  claimant  is  aggrieved  by  the  refusal 
of  the  county  council  to  grant  any  compensation, 
or  by  the  amount  of  the  compensation  assessed, 
or  if  not  less  than  one-third  of  the  members  of 
such  council  subscribe  a  protest  against  the  amount 
of  the  compensation  as  being  excessive,  the  claim- 
ant or  any  subscriber  to  such  protest  (as  the  case 
may  be)  may,  within  three  months  after  the  deci- 
sion of  the  council,  appeal  to  the  Treasury,  who 
shall  consider  the  case  and  determine  whenever 
any  compensation,  and,  if  so,  what  amount  ought 
to  be  granted  to  the  claimant,  and  such  determi- 
nation shall  be  final. 

"(5)  Any  claimant  under   this  section,   if  so 


.REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  18.  required  by  any  member  of  the  county  council, 
shall  attend  at  a  meeting  of  the  council  and 
answer  upon  oath,  which  any  justice  present  may 
administer,  all  questions  asked  by  any  member 
of  the  council  touching  the  matters  set  forth  in 
his  claim,  and  shall  further  produce  all  books, 
papers,  and  documents  in  his  possession  or  under 
his  control  relating  to'  such  claim. 

"(6)  The  sum  payable  as  compensation  to  any 
person  in  pursuance  of  this  section  shall  com- 
mence to  be  payable  at  the  date  fixed  by  the 
council  on  granting  compensation,  or,  in  case  of 
appeal,  by  the  Treasury,  and  shall  be  a  specialty 
debt  due  to  him  from  the  county  council,  and  may 
be  enforced  accordingly  in  like  manner  as  if  the 
council  had  entered  into  a  bond  to  pay  the  same. 

"  (7)  If  a  person  receiving  compensation  in 
pursuance  of  this  section  is  appointed  to  any  office 
under  the  same  or  any  other  county  council,  or 
by  virtue  of  this  Act,  or  anything  done  in  pur- 
suance of  or  in  consequence  of  this  Act,  receives 
any  increase  of  emoluments  of  the  office  held  by 
him,  he  shall  not,  while  receiving  the  emoluments 
of  that  office,  receive  any  greater  amount  of  his 
compensation,  if  any,  than,  with  the  emoluments 
of  the  said  office,  is  equal  to  the  emoluments  for 
which  compensation  was  granted  to  him,  and  if 
the  emoluments  of  the  office  he  holds  are  equal  to 
or  greater  than  the  emoluments  for  which  com- 
pensation was  granted,  his  compensation  shall  be 
suspended  while  he  holds  such  office." 

The  words  in  sub-sect.  (1)  of  sect.  120  set  out 
above,  "  the  Acts  and  rules  relating  to  Her 


REGISTER  FOR  UNIVERSITY  CONSTITUENCIES. 

Majesty's  Civil  Service,"  are,  by  sect.  18  (c)  of  the  Sect,  is. 
present  Act,  to  be  read  as  the  Acts  and  rules 
relating  to  His  Majesty's  Civil  Service  which 
were  in  operation  at  the  date  of  the  passing 
of  the  Local  Government  Act,  1888.  These 
Acts  are  the  Superannuation  Act,  1859,  and  the 
Superannuation  Act,  1884. 

rules  relating  to  His  Majesty's  Civil  Service. 
—It  would  seem  that  these  words  must  refer  to 
the  practice  of  the  Treasury  («')  in  awarding  com- 
pensation in  cases  of  abolition  of  office,  as  there 
is  no  express  power  given  by  any  statute  for  the 
making  of  such  rules  (i).  x 

The  words,  u  next  before  the  passing  of  this 
Act,"  in  sub-sect.  (2)  of  sect.  120  of  the  Local 
Government  Act,  1888,  set  out  above  are,  by 
sect.  18  (d)  of  the  present  Act,  to  be  read  as  "  next 
before  the  30th  day  of  September,  1914,"  and 
the  word  "  Treasury,"  which  occurs  in  sub-sects. 
(4)  and  (6)  of  sect.  120,  set  out  above,  is  to  be 
read  as  "  Local  Government  Board." 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "  assistant 
overseer"  in  Ireland,  see  sect.  44  (?)(/). 

19.  The  foregoing  pro  visions  of  this  Part  (#)  Register  for 

.  i      T?  i  •  •  university 

oi  this  Act  shall  not  apply  to  university  con-  constitu- 

enoies. 

stituencies,  but  the  governing  body  of  every 
university  forming,  or  forming  part  of,  a 
university  constituency  shall  cause  a  register 

(t)  As  to  this  practice,  and  the  principles  governing  the  grant  of 
compensation,  see  Encyclopaedia  of  Local  Government  Law,  edited 
by  Joshua  Scholefield,  vol.  II. ,  pp.  304—308,  Butterworth  &  Co. ,  1906. 

(j)  See  p.  332,  infra. 

(k)  i.e.,  Part  II.,  ss.  11—19. 


154  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect  19  to  be  kept  in  such  form  and  made  up,  if 
desired,  to  such  dates  as  they  may  direct,  of 
persons  entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  a  quali- 
fication at  their  university,  and  shall  make 
the  register  available  for  the  purpose  of  uni- 
versity elections  for  the  constituency,  and 
shall  on  the  application  of  any  person  allow 
that  person  at  all  reasonable  times  to  inspect 
and  take  extracts  from  the  said  register  : 

Provided  that  the  governing  body  may 
direct  that  a  person  who  before  the  passing 
of  this  Act  has  received  a  degree,  but  was 
not  entitled  to  vote  in  respect  thereof,  shall 
have  no  right  to  be  registered  unless  he 
makes  a  claim  for  the  purpose. 

The  governing  body  of  any  such  university 
may  charge  such  fee  as  they  think  fit,  not 
exceeding  one  pound,  in  respect  of  registra- 
tion to  any  person  who  receives  a  degree  at 
their  university  after  the  passing  of  this  Act, 
or  who  has  received  a  degree  before  the  pass- 
ing of  this  Act  but  was  not  entitled  to  vote 
in  respect  thereof. 

NOTE. — University  constituencies. — A  list  of 
university  constituencies  in  Great  Britain  is  given 
in  the  Ninth  Schedule,  Part  III.     See  p.  554,  infra. 
persons  entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  a  quali- 
fication at  their  university.  —  See   pp.    37 — 40, 
73 — 75,  supra. 
"As  to  the  last  paragraph  in  the  above  section, 


PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  155 

it  may  be  pointed  out  that  no  power  is  given  to  Sect.  19. 
the  governing  body  of  a  university  which  does 
not  admit  women  to  degrees,  i.e.  Oxford  or  Cam- 
bridge, to  charge  any  fee  to  women  who  have 
passed  the  final  examination  and  kept  the  neces- 
sary residence  and  who  thereby  qualify  for  the 
franchise  at  such  university  (&). 

The  last  paragraph  of  this  section  does  not 
apply  to  Scotland,  but  by  sect.  43  (15)  special 
provisions  are  substituted  for  it  (/). 


PART  III. 
METHOD  AND  COSTS  OF  ELECTIONS. 

[Sections  20—36.] 
20.  —  (1)  At  a  contested   election   for  a  Proportional 


university  constituency,1  where  there  are  two  i 
or  more  members  to  be  elected,  any  election 
of  the  full  number  of  members  shall  be  ac- 
cording  to  the  principle  of  proportional 
representation,2  each  elector  having  one 
transferable  vote2  as  defined  by  this  Act. 

(2)  —  (a)  His  Majesty  may  appoint  Com- 
missioners to  prepare  as  soon  as  may  be  after 
the  passing  of  this  Act  a  scheme  under  which 
as  nearly  as  possible  one  hundred  members 
shall  be  elected  to  the  House  of  Commons 

1  See  p.  157,  infra.       '-  See  pp.  158—160,  infra. 

(&)  See  sect.  4  (2),  p.  64,  supra. 
(/)  See  pp.  322,  323,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  20.  at  a  general  election  on  the  principle  of  pro- 
portional representation  for  constituencies 
in  Great  Britain  returning  three  or  more 
members. 

(b)  The  number  of  members  of  the  House 
of  Commons  as  fixed  under  this  Act  shall 
not  be  increased  by  any  such  scheme.     For 
the  purpose  of  such  scheme  the  Commis- 
sioners  shall   (after   holding  such  local  in- 
quiries as  they  may  deem  necessary)  combine 
into  single  constituencies,  returning  not  less 
than  three  nor  more  than  seven  members, 
such  of  the  areas  fixed  as  constituencies  in 
the  Ninth  Schedule  to  this  Act  as  they  may 
select,  but  in  selecting  those  areas  they  shall 
have  regard  to  the  advisability  of  applying 
the  principle  of  proportional  representation'2 
both  to  town  and  country. 

(c)  The  scheme  so  prepared  by  the  Com- 
missioners shall  be  laid  before  both  Houses 
of  Parliament,  and  if  both  Houses  by  reso- 
lution adopt  the  scheme,  the  scheme  shall, 
with  any  modifications  or  additions  which 
may  be  agreed  to  by  both  Houses,  take  effect 
as  if  it  were  enacted  in  this  Act,  and  the 
constituencies  fixed  under  the  scheme  shall 
be  substituted,  so  far  as  necessary,  for  the  con- 
stituencies fixed  under  the  Ninth  Schedule 
to  this  Act. 

2  See  pp.  158—160,  infra. 


PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  157 

(d)  In  any  such  constituency  any  contested    sect.  20. 
election  of  the  full  number  of  members  shall 

be  according  to  the  principle  of  proportional 
representation,2  each  elector  having  one  trans- 
ferable vote"'  as  defined  by  this  Act. 

(e)  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council 
make  any  adaptation  of  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  as  to  the  machinery  of  registration 
or  election  which  may  appear  to  him  to  be 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  adoption  of 
the  scheme. 

(3)  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council  ss 
frame  regulations  prescribing  the  method  of 
voting,  and  transferring  and  counting  votes, 
at  any  election,  according  to  the  principle  of 
the  transferable  vote2  and  for  adapting  the 
provisions  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and  any 
other  Act  relating  to  parliamentary  elections 
thereto,  and  with  respect  to  the  duties  of 
returning  officers  in  connection  therewith; 
and  any  such  regulations  shall  have  effect 
as  if  they  were  enacted  in  this  Act. 

(4)  Nothing  contained  in  this  Act  shall, 
except  as  expressly  provided  therein,  affect 
the  method   of    conducting    parliamentary 
elections  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  passing 
of  this  Act. 

NOTE. — As   to   sub-section  (1) — university  con- 

2  See  pp.  158—160,  infra. 


158  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  20.  stituency. — A  list  of  university  constituencies, 
together  with  the  number  of  members  returned 
by  each,  is  given  in  the  Ninth  Schedule,  Part  III., 
p.  554,  infra. 

the  principle  of  proportional  representation.— 
The  object  of  proportional  representation  is  to 
effect  the  representation  of  parties  in  proportion 
to  their  strength  at  the  polls  and  to  secure  the 
adequate  representation  of  minorities.  Of  the 
many  existing  systems  devised  to  achieve  this 
result  that  known  as  the  transferable  vote  has 
been  adopted  in  the  present  Act. 

The  "  transferable  vote"  is  defined  by  sect. 
41  (6)  as  u  a  vote  (a)  capable  of  being  given  so 
as  to  indicate  the  voter's  preference  for  the  can- 
didates in  order ;  and  (b)  capable  of  being  trans- 
ferred to  the  next  choice  when  the  vote  is  not 
required  to  give  a  prior  .choice  the  necessary 
quota  of  votes,  or  when,  owing  to  the  deficiency 
in  the  number  of  the  votes  given  for  a  prior 
choice,  that  choice  is  eliminated  from  the  list  of 
candidates." 

The  transferable  vote  system  is  shortly  ex- 
plained in  the  Report  of  the  Royal  Commission 
on  Systems  of  Election  (published  in  1910)  as 
follows : — 

"  Constituencies  return  several  members. 

"  The  elector  votes  by  placing  the  figure  1 
opposite  the  name  of  the  candidate  he  likes  best, 
and  is  invited  to  place  the  number  2  opposite  the 
name  of  his  second  choice,  the  number  3  opposite 
his  third  choice,  and  so  on,  numbering  as  many 
candidates  as  he  pleases. 


PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  159 

"  The  Returning  Officer  ascertains  the  result  of     Sect.  20. 
the  election  as  follows : — 

"  (1}  He  counts  each  ballot  paper  as  one  vote 
to  the  candidate  marked  1  thereon ;  he 
also  counts  the  total  number  of  votes. 

41  (2)  He  ascertains  the  quota.  The  quota  is 
the  smallest  number  which  will  ensure 
the  return  of  a  candidate,  whatever  com- 
bination be  made  of  the  other  votes 
given  in  the  election.  This  figure  will 
be  obtained  by  dividing  the  votes  cast 
by  the  number  of  seats  to  be  filled  plus 
one,  and  adding  one  to  the  result." 
For  example,  in  a  constituency  with  100 
electors  returning  two  members  the  quota 

will  be +  1  =  34,   a  number   which 

£  ~\~  1 

can  only  be  obtained  by  two  candidates. 

41  (3)  He  declares  elected  the  candidates  who 
have  received  the  quota. 

*'  (4)  He  transfers  in  strict  proportions  the 
surplus  votes  of  those  candidates  who 
have  received  more  than  the  quota,  and 
credits  them  to  the  unelected  candidates 
indicated  by  the  figures  2,  3,  and  so  on, 
as  the  next  preferences  of  the  electors 
whose  votes  are  transferred. 

"  (5)  He  declares  elected  those  candidates  who, 
after  the  transfer  of  surplus  votes,  have 
obtained  the  quota. 

"  (6)  He  eliminates  the  candidates  lowest  on 
the  poll  one  after  another  by  transferring 
their  votes  in  accordance  with  the  wishes 


160  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  20.  of   their  supporters   to   the   candidates 

indicated  as  next  preferences.  This 
process  is  continued  until  the  required 
number  of  candidates,  having  each  ob- 
tained the  quota,  have  been  declared 
elected,  or  the  number  of  candidates 
not  eliminated  is  reduced  to  the  number 
of  seats  still  vacant,  in  which  event  the 
candidates  not  eliminated  are  declared 
elected." 

On  pp.  718—736,  infra,  will  be  found  the  "  Draft 
Rules  prescribing  the  method  of  voting  and 
transferring  and  counting  Votes  at  any  election 
according  to  the  principle  of  the  Single  Trans- 
ferable Vote."  These  Draft  Rules  were  presented 
to  Parliament  in  1917  whilst  the  provisions  of 
the  present  Act  were  under  discussion  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  although  they  have  no 
statutory  force,  they  explain  in  detail  the  working 
of  the  system  of  the  transferable  vote. 

The  Draft  Rules  were  intended  to  apply  only 
to  constituencies  other  than  university  constitu- 
encies, so  that  in  considering  them  in  relation  to 
sub-section  (1)  they  will  require  modification. 
It  is  nevertheless  thought  that  they  may  be  use- 
fully referred  to  as  explaining  the  application  of 
the  system  of  the  transferable  vote. 

As  to  sub-section  (2). — The  scheme  mentioned  in 
sub-section  (2)  (a),  (b)  and  (c),  was  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  sub-section  (2)  (c)  laid 
before  Parliament,  but  was,  on  May  13th,  1918, 
rejected  by  the  House  of  Commons.  With  the 


POLLS  TO  BE  ON  ONE  DAY  AT  GENERAL  ELECTION.  161 

exception,   therefore,   of   contested   elections  for    Sect.  20. 
university    constituencies,    no    elections   will   be 
held  according  to  the  principle  of  proportional 
representation. 

As  to  tub-section  (3).  —  The  Order  in  Council 
there  referred  to  has  not,  at  the  time  of  going  to 
press,  been  made. 


21.  —  (1)  At  a  general   election  all  polls  Poiis  to  be 
shall  be  held  on  one  day,  and  the  day  fixed  day  a°tna°n< 


for  receiving  nominations  shall  be  the  same         n,  &c. 
in   all   constituencies,   and  accordingly  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  shall 
be  modified  as  shown  in  Part  I.  of  the  Second 
Schedule  to  this  Act. 

In  the  case  of  a  bye-election,  the  poll 
shall  take  place  on  such  day  as  the  returning 
officer  may  appoint,  not  being  less  than  four 
or  more  than  eight  clear  days  after  the  day 
fixed  for  nomination,  and  the  First  Schedule 
to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  shall  be  modified 
accordingly. 

(2)  Official  telegraphic  information  of 
the  writ  having  been  issued  for  a  parliamen- 
tary election  may  be  given  in  such  cases  and 
by  such  persons  as  may  be  directed  by  His 
Majesty  in  Council,  and  any  steps  for  hold- 
ing an  election  which  may  be  taken  on  or 
after  the  receipt  of  the  writ  may  be  taken 

F.  11 


162  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  21.    on  or  after  the  receipt  of  an  official  telegraphic 
intimation  of  the  writ  having  been  issued. 

(3)  The  time  appointed  for  the  meeting 
of  the  Parliament  may  be  any  time  not  less 
than  twenty  clear  days  after  the  proclamation 

is  &  ic  vict  summoning  the  Parliament ;  and  the  Meet- 
ing of  Parliament  Act,  1852,  is  hereby  re- 
pealed. 

(4)  Nothing  in  this  section  shall— 

(a)  affect  the  provisions  of  section  one 

of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  relating 
to  the  commencement  afresh  of 
the  proceedings  with  relation  to 
the  election  on  the  death  of  a 
candidate,  or  apply  to  proceed- 
ings so  commenced  afresh ;  or 

(b)  apply  to  a  university  election. 

NOTE. — the  day  fixed  for  receiving  nomi- 
nations.— As  to  this,  see  pp.  179,  180,  infra. 

the  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
shall  be  modified  as  shown  in  Part  I.  of  the 
Second  Schedule  to  this  Act. — The  First  Sche- 
dule of  the  Ballot  Act  is  set  out  on  pp.  682 — 695, 
infra.  Part  I.  of  the  Second  Schedule  to  the 
present  Act  is  as  follows : — 

"  The  following  provisions  shall  be  inserted  in 
the  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  after 
Rules  2  and  14  respectively,  that  is  to  say: — 

4  2A.  In  an  election  of  members  to  serve  in  a 
new  Parliament  of  the  United  King- 


POLLS  TO  BE  ON  ONE  DAY  AT  GENERAL  ELECTION.  163 

dom  the  day  fixed  by  the  returning  Sect.  ai. 
officer  for  the  election  [i.e.,  where 
the  election  is  contested,  the  day  of 
nomination  (k)  ]  shall  in  all  cases  be 
the  eighth  day  after  the  date  of  His 
Majesty's  gracious  Proclamation  de- 
claring the  calling  of  the  Parliament.' 
'  14A.  In  an  election  of  members  to  serve  in  a 
new  Parliament  of  the  United  King- 
dom, the  day  appointed  by  the  re- 
turning officer  for  the  poll  (/)  shall  in 
all  cases  be  the  ninth  day  after  the 
day  fixed  for  the  election. J ' 

As  to  the  second  paragraph  of  sub-section  (1)  of 
sect.  2 1  set  out  above,  the  part  of  the  First  Schedule 
to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  which  is  modified  by  such 
second  paragraph  is  Rule  14  (m)  of  Part  I.  of  such 
Schedule,  which  deals  with  the  day  on  which  the 
poll  shall  take  place. 

As  to  the  words  in  tub-section  (2),  any  steps  for 
holding  an  election  which  may  be  taken  on  or 
after  the  receipt  of  the  writ,  see  pp.  179,  180, 
infra,  and  Ballot  Act,  First  Schedule,  Rules 
1— 13(»). 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (4),  the  provisions 
of  section  one  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  relating 
to  the  commencement  afresh  of  the  proceedings 
with  relation  to  the  election  on  the  death  of  a 

(k}  As  to  this,  see  p.  179,  infra. 

(1}  As  to  "  the  day  appointed  for  the  poll,"  see  p.  179,  infra, 
(m)  Set  out  on  p.  685,  infra. 
(»j  Set  out  on  pp.  682—684,  infra. 
11  (<!) 


164 

Sect.  21. 


Penalty  for 
voting  at  a 
general  elec- 
tion in  more 
constitu- 
encies than 
allowed. 
46  &  47  Viet, 
c.  51. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

candidate,  see  pp.  672,  673,  infra,  where  sect.  1  of 
the  Ballot  Act  is  set  out. 

As   to   a   university  election,   see   pp.  279— 
281,  infra. 

22. — (1)  If  any  person  at  a  general  elec- 
tion votes  for  more  constituencies  than  he  is 
entitled  to  vote  for  in  accordance  with  this 
Act,1  or  asks  for  a  ballot  or  voting  paper  for 
the  purpose  of  so  voting,  he  shall  be  guilty 
of  an  illegal  practice  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention 
Act,  18832;  and  the  expression  "illegal 
practice  "'  shall  be  construed  accordingly  : 
Provided  that — 

(a)  the  court   before    whom  a  person  is 

convicted  under  this  section  may,  if 
they  think  it  just  in  the  special 
circumstances  of  the  case,  mitigate 
or  entirely  remit  any  incapacity 
imposed  by  section  ten  of  the  Cor- 
rupt and  Illegal  Practices  Preven- 
tion Act,  1883 3;  and 

(b)  the  fact  that  any  person  has  asked  for 

a  ballot  paper  in  a  constituency  in 
circumstances  which  entitle  him 
only  to  mark  a  tendered  ballot  paper 
in  pursuance  of  Rule  27  of  the  First 

1  See  p.  166,  infra.       *  See  p.  166,  infra. 
3  See  p.  166,  infra. 


PENALTY  FOR  VOTING  TOO  OFTEN.  165 

Part  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  sect.  22. 
Ballot  Act,  1872,4  shall  not,  if  he 
does  not  exercise  that  right,5  pre- 
vent his  voting  or  asking  for  a  ballot 
or  voting  paper  in  another  constitu- 
ency; and 

(c)  the  giving  of  a  vote  by  a  returning 
officer  in  pursuance  of  section  two 
of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,6  in  the  case 
of  an  equality  of  votes,  or  the  ask- 
ing for  a  ballot  paper  for  the  purpose 
of  so  voting,  shall  not,  for  the  pur- 
poses of  this  section,  be  deemed  to 
be  the  giving  of  a  vote  as  a  parlia- 
mentary elector,  or  the  asking  for 
a  ballot  paper  for  the  purpose  of 
so  voting. 

(2)  The  questions  set  out  in  Part  II.  of 
the  Second  Schedule  to  this  Act  may  be 
asked  of  any  voter  at  a  poll  at  a  general 
election  in  addition  to  those  authorised 
already  to  be  asked 7 ;  and  unless  there  is  an 
answer  given  in  the  negative,  that  person 
(except  as  provided  in  that  Schedule)  shall 
not  vote.8 

NOTE. — ,4s  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1),  if  any 
person  at  a  general  election  votes  for  more 
constituencies  than  he  is  entitled  to  vote  for  in 

4  See  p.  166,  infra.  '  See  pp.  167—172,  infra. 

5  See  p.  166,  infra.  8  See  p.  172,  infra. 

6  See  p.  167,  infra. 


166  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  2fl.  accordance  with  this  Act. — As  to  the  number 
of  votes  which  a  person  is  entitled  to  give  at  a 
general  election,  see  pp.  108 — 110,  supra. 

an  illegal  practice  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act, 
1883. — Under  the  last-mentioned  Act  the  effect 
of  the  commission  by  any  person  of  an  illegal 
practice  is  that  such  person  is,  on  summary  con- 
viction, liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  100/.,  and 
is  incapable  during  a  period  of  five  years  from 
the  date  of  his  conviction  of  being  registered  as 
a  parliamentary  or  local  government  elector,  or 
of  voting  at  any  parliamentary  or  local  govern- 
ment election  held  for  or  within  the  county  or 
borough  in  which  the  illegal  practice  was  com- 
mitted (m). 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1)  (a),  any  in- 
capacity imposed  by  section  ten  of  the  Corrupt 
and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883.— 
The  incapacity  here  referred  to  is  that  just 
mentioned. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (!)  (b),  circum- 
stances which  entitle  him  only  to  mark  a 
tendered  ballot  paper  in  pursuance  of  Rule  27 
of  the  First  Part  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the 
Ballot  Act,  1872. — As  to  this,  see  Rule  27  set  out 
on  pp.  686,  687,  infra. 

if  he  does  not  exercise  that  right — i.e.  if  being 
entitled  only  to  mark  a  tendered  ballot  paper  he 
(or  she)  does  not  mark  it  or  give  it  to  the  pre- 
siding officer. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1)  (c),  the  giving 

(m)  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883,  SB.  10,  64. 


QUESTIONS  AT  POLL.  1< 

of  a  vote  by  a  returning  officer  in  pursuance    Sect  22 
of  section  two  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872.— That  " 
part  of  sect.   2   of   the  Ballot  Act  which  deals 
with  this  matter  is  as  follows :  — 

"  Where  an  equality  of  votes  is  found  to  exist 
between  any  candidates  at  an  election  for  a 
county  or  borough,  and  the  addition  of  a  vote 
would  entitle  any  of  such  candidates  to  be  de- 
clared elected,  the  returning  officer,  if  a  registered 
elector  of  such  county  or  borough,  may  give  such 
additional  vote,  but  shall  not  in  any  other  case 
be  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  for  which  he  is 
returning  officer." 

.4*  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (2),  The  questions 
set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the  Second  Schedule  to 
this  Act  may  be  asked  of  any  voter  at  a  poll 
at  a  general  election  in  addition  to  those  already 
authorised  to  be  asked. — The  following  are  the 
questions  set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the  Second 
Schedule  (ri)  to  the  present  Act : — 

"  1.  In  the  case  of  a  man  voting  in  respect  of 
a  residence  qualification — 

Have  you  already  voted  at  this  general 
election  in  respect  of  a  residence  qualifica- 
tion? 

"  2.  In  the  case  of  a  man  voting  in  respect  of 
a  qualification  other  than  a  residence  qualifica- 
tion— 

Have  you  already  voted  at  this  general 
election  in  respect  of  a  qualification  other 
than  a  residence  qualification  ? 

(n)  See  p.  358,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

22.         "  3.  In  the  case  of  a  woman  voting  at  an  elec- 
tion other  than  a  university  election — 

Have   you  already  voted  at  this  general 
election  ? 

[NOTE. — Unless  the  answer  to  the  ques- 
tion is  in  the  negative  the  woman  shall 
not  vote  unless  she  satisfies  the  presiding 
officer  that  her  previous  vote  was  given  at 
a  university  election.]  " 

The  questions  "  already  authorised  to  be  asked" 
are  as  follows : — 

lt  1.  Are  you  the  same  person  whose  name  ap- 
pears as  A.  B.  on  the  register  of  voters  now  in 
force  for  the  county  of  [or  for  the 

riding,  parts,  or  division  of  the  county  of 

],  or  for  the  city  [or  borough]  of  [as 

the  case  may  be~\  ? 

"  2.  Have  you  already  voted,  either  here  or  else- 
where, at  this  election  for  the  county  of  [or 
for  the  riding,  parts,  or  division  of 
the  county  of  ],  or  for  the  city  [or  borough] 
of  [as  the  case  may  le~\  ?  "  ( p). 

If  any  person  wilfully  makes  a  false  answer  to 
either  of  these  last  two  questions  he  is  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanour,  and  shall  and  may  be  indicted 
and  punished  accordingly  (q) :  and  the  returning 
officer  or  his  deputy  shall,  if  required  on  behalf 
of  any  candidate  at  the  time  of  polling,  administer 
an  oath  to  any  voter  in  the  following  form  (q) : — 
"  You  do  swear  [or  affirm,  as  the  case  may  be], 
That  you  are  the  same  person  whose  name  ap- 

(p)  Parliamentary  Voters  Registration  Act,  1843,  e.  81. 
Ibid. 


QUESTIONS  AT  POLL.  169 

pears  as  A.  B.  on  the  register  of  voters  now  in    Sect.  22 
force  for  the  county  of  [or  for  the 

riding,    parts,    or  division    of    the    county 

of  ~]  or  for  the  city  or  borough  of  [as 

the  case  may  be],  and  that  you  have  not  before 
voted,  either  here  or  elsewhere,  at  the  present 
election  for  the  county  of  [or  for  the 

riding,   parts  or  division  of  the  county  of 

]  or  for  the  city  or  borough  of  [_as 

the  case  may  be].  So  help  you  God." 

The  present  Act  does  not  provide  for  any  penalty 
in  the  case  of  a  false  answer  to  any  of  the  ques- 
tions set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the  Second  Schedule 
to  the  present  Act  or  for  any  oath  to  be  ad- 
ministered by  the  returning  officer,  but  any  per- 
son who  answered  these  questions  falsely  and 
proceeded  to  vote  would  come  within  sect.  22  (1) 
of  the  present  Act  and  would  therefore  be  guilty 
of  an  illegal  practice. 

The  meaning  of  the  first  of  the  above  questions 
under  the  heading  of  questions  "  already  authorised 
to  be  asked,"  and  of  the  corresponding  clause  in 
the  oath,  is  not  whether  the  person  tendering  his 
vote  is  rightly  named  in  the  register  as  A.  B.,  but 
whether  he  is  the  person  whom  the  name  A.  B. 
was  intended  to  designate  there,  so  that  George 
Jones,  if  entered  in  the  register  as  John  Jones, 
would  be  entitled  to  answer  "Yes"  to  the  ques- 
tion, whilst  anyone  else,  though  actually  named 
John  Jones,  if  he  did  so  would  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanour  (r). 

(r)  R.  v.  Thwaites  (1853),  1  E.  &  B.  704.     See  also  First  Schedule, 
Rule  41,  p.  353,  infra. 


170  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  28.  Thus  in  New  Sarum(s\  William  Morris  was 
entered  on  the  register  as  John  Morris.  He 
stated  at  the  poll  that  his  name  was  William 
Morris,  and  the  returning  officer  rejected  his 
vote  on  the  ground  that  his  name  was  not  on  the 
register,  but  on  appeal  the  Committee  directed  it 
to  be  added  to  the  poll. 

The  questions  must  be  put  precisely  in  the 
form  prescribed  and  no  vote  can  be  rejected 
unless  they  have  been  so  put(^). 

The  answers  must  be  positive  and  unequivocal. 
Therefore,  if  a  voter,  instead  of  answering  u  I 
am,"  or,  "I  have  not,"  or  words  to  the  same 
effect,  should  say  to  the  first  question,  "  I  think 
so,"  or,  "I  should  say  I  am"  ;  or  to  the  second 
question,  "  I  don't  think  I  have,"  or,  u  If  I  did  I 
should  not  come  here,"  or  give  any  similarly 
evasive  answer,  the  presiding  officer  (u)  would  be 
j  ustified  in  refusing  to  give  him  a  ballot  paper  (x). 

Where  a  voter  to  whom  the  questions,  with  or 
without  the  oath,  are  put,  then  declines  to  answer, 
but  subsequently  presents  himself  to  vote  and 
offers  to  answer  the  questions  and  take  the  oath 
if  required,  the  better  opinion  seems  to  be  that 
the  presiding  officer  ought  to  repeat  the  questions, 
or  administer  the  oath,  with  a  view  to  allowing 
him  to  vote  (y). 

(«)  (1833),  P.  &  K.  261  ;  see  also  Oldham  (1869),  1  O.  &  H.  152, 
153. 

(t)  Canterbury  (1835),  K.  &  0.  323,  326,  327. 

(u)  See  Ballot  Act,  1872,  First  Schedule,  Part  I.,  Rule  21,  p.  685, 
infra. 

(x)  Monmouth,  K.  &  0.  414;   Taunton,  Faulk.  &  Fitzh.  503. 

(y)  Gloucestershire  (1777),  Male  on  Elections,  113. 


QUESTIONS  AT  POLL.  171 

Although  they  relate  only  to  the  questions  Sect.  22. 
"  already  authorised  to  be  asked,"  it  is  submitted 
that  the  decisions  just  referred  to  as  to  the  neces- 
sity for  the  questions  being  put  precisely  and  for 
the  answers  to  be  positive,  and  as  to  the  repetition 
of  the  questions  at  a  later  time  when  the  voter  in 
the  first  instance  declines  to  answer,  would  be 
held  to  apply  equally  with  respect  to  the  ques- 
tions (z)  set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the  Second  Schedule 
to  the  present  Act. 

There  is  no  duty  laid  on  the  presiding  officer 
to  put  any  of  the  questions  set  out  above  to  every 
voter  who  presents  himself  in  the  polling-booth, 
but  by  sect.  81  of  the  Parliamentary  Voters 
Registration  Act,  1843,  "the  returning  officer  or 
his  respective  deputy  shall,  if  required  on  behalf 
of  any  candidate,  put  to  any  voter  at  the  time  of 
his  tendering  his  vote,  and  not  afterwards,"  the 
questions  set  out  above  (2)  under  the  head  of  ques- 
tions "  already  authorised  to  be  asked  "  or  either 
of  them.  It  is  clear  from  the  language  of  sect. 
22  (2)  of  the  present  Act  that  this  provision 
in  sect.  81  of  the  Parliamentary  Voters  Registra- 
tion Act,  1843,  is  intended  to  apply  to  the 
additional  questions  set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the 
Second  Schedule  to  the  present  Act.  The  putting 
of  these  questions  is  the  only  inquiry  permitted 
at  the  time  of  polling  as  to  the  right  of  any 
person  to  vote(«). 

and  unless  there  is  an  answer  given  in  the 
negative,  that  person  (except  as  provided  in 

(z)  See  pp.  167,  168,  supra. 

(a)  Parliamentary  Voters  Eegistration  Act,  1843,  s.  81. 


72  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  22.  that  Schedule)  shall  not  vote. — As  to  the  neces- 
sity for  the  answer  being  positive  and  unequivocal, 
see  the  observations  just  made  on  p.  170,  supra, 
under  the  preceding  words  of  sect.  22  (2).  The 
words  u  except  as  provided  in  that  Schedule" 
refer  to  the  Note  to  question  3,  which  is  set  out 
on  p.  168,  supra. 

Sect.  22  applies  to  university  elections  (b)  with 
the  modifications  required  by  sect.  36  (3)  (a)  (c). 
But  the  provisions  of  sect.  22  (2)  as  to  "  the  ques- 
tions authorised  already  to  be  asked"  have  no 
application  to  university  elections,  as  those  ques- 
tions relate  only  to  county  or  borough  elections  (d). 
Further,  by  sect.  36  (1)  the  provisions  contained 
in  the  Fifth  Schedule  to  the  present  Act  apply  to 
university  elections,  and  by  such  Schedule  (e)  the 
voting  paper  is  to  be  in  a  specified  form,  which 
contains  the  declarations  set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the 
Second  Schedule  (/),  such  declaration  being  equi- 
valent, in  the  case  of  university  elections,  to  the 
questions  set  out  in  Part  II.  of  the  Second 
Schedule  (/). 


(ft)  See  sect.  36  (2),  p.  279,  infra. 

(c)  See  pp.  279,  280,  infra. 

(d)  It  is  submitted  that  the  words  "  city  "  or  4i  borough  "  in  the 
questions  prescribed  by  the  Parliamentary  Voters  Registration  Act, 
1843  (set  out  at  p.  168,  supra},  do  not  include  a  university  constitu- 
ency, as  sect.  101  of  that  Act,  which  defines  "  city  or  borough" 
as  "any  city,  borough,  town  corporate,  cinque  port,  district  or 
place  .  .  .  ,"  is  repealed  by  the  present  Act. 

(e)  See  Fifth  Schedule,  Part  I.,  cl.  11,  set  out  at  p.  366,  infra, 
and  form  of  voting  paper  set  out  at  p.  372.  infra  ;  as  to  Scottish 
universities,  see  Part  II.  of  the  same  Schedule,  cl.  17,  set  out  at 
pp.  375,  376,  infra,  and  form  of  voting  paper  set  out  at  p.  383,  infra. 

(/)  See  p,  358,  infra. 


VOTING  BY  ABSENT  VOTERS. 

23. — (1)  For  the  purpose  of  giving  per- 
sons  whose  names  are  entered  on  the  absent  voting  by 

absent  voter*. 

voters  list1  an  opportunity  of  voting  at  a  par- 
liamentary election  (other  than  a  university 
election),  the  returning  officer  shall,  where 
an  election  is  contested,  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable after  the  adjournment  of  the  election,2 
send  a  ballot  paper  to  each  such  person  at 
the  address  recorded  by  the  registration 
officer,3  together  with  a  declaration  of  iden- 
tity in  the  prescribed  form.4 

(2)  The  ballot  paper  marked  by  the  absent 
voter5  and  accompanied  by  the  declaration 
of  identity6  duly  signed  and  authenticated 
shall,  if  it  is  received  by  the  returning  officer 
before  the  close  of  the  poll,7  be  counted  by 
him  and  treated  for  all  purposes  in  the  same 
manner  as  a  ballot  paper  placed  in  the  ballot 
box  in  the  ordinary  manner.8 

(3)  During  the  continuance  of  the  present 
war  and  a  period  of  twelve  months  there- 
after, for  the  purpose  of  allowing  more  time 
for  the  receipt  of  ballot  papers  from  persons 
whose  names   are   entered   on   the    absent 
voters  list,  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in 
Council9  direct  that  the  counting  of  votes  at 


1  See  pp.  177,  178,  infra.  7  See  p.  182,  infra. 

2  See  pp.  178—180,  infra.  8  See  pp.  182—200,  infra. 

3  See  p.  180,  infra.  9  This  Order  in  Council  has 

4  See  p.  181,  infra.  not,    at  the   date  of    going  to 

5  See  pp.  181,  182,  infra.  press,  been  made. 

6  See  p.  181,  infra. 


174  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect,  23.  any  elections  to  which  the  Order  applies  shall, 
instead  of  taking  place  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  the  close  of  the  poll,  take  place  at  such 
time  (not  exceeding  eight  days  after  the 
close  of  the  poll)  as  may  be  fixed  by  the 
Order,  and  returning  officers  shall  comply 
with  any  such  direction ;  and  in  any  such 
case  any  vote  received  by  the  returning 
officer  from  an  absent  voter  before  the  time 
at  which  the  votes  are  to  be  counted  shall 
be  reckoned  in  the  count. 

4 )  The  following  special  provisions10  shall 
apply  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  persons 
whose  names  are  entered  on  the  absent  voters 
list  to  appoint  voting  proxies  in  certain 
cases : — 

(a)  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council11 
direct  that  voting  by  proxy  by  naval 
or  military  voters  shall  be  permitted 
in  any  area  on  land  abroad  men- 
tioned in  the  Order  if  it  appears 
to  him  that  ballot  papers  sent  to 
that  area  by  post  cannot  reasonably 
be  returned  before  the  votes  are 
counted,  and  that  the  case  cannot 
be  met  by  an  Order  under  this 
section  postponing  the  counting  of 
votes  :12 

10  See  pp.  200—202,  infra. 

11  This  Order  in  Council  will  be  found  on  p.  753,  infra. 

12  See  pp.  200,  201,  infra. 


VOTING  BY  ABSENT  VOTERS.  175 

(b)  A  person  whose  name  is  entered  on    Sect>  88 

the  absent  voters  list,  if  he  satisfies 
the  registration  officer — 

(i)  that  he  is  a  naval  or  mili- 
tary voter  and  is  serving,  or  about 
to  serve,  afloat  or  in  any  area  on 
land  abroad  in  which  voting  by 
proxy  is  permitted  in  pursuance 
of  an  Order  in  Council  made 
under  this  section13 ;  or 

(ii)  that  he  is  a  merchant  sea- 
man, pilot,  or  fisherman  (includ- 
ing  the   master  of  a  merchant 
ship  or  fishing  boat  and  an  ap- 
prentice on  such  a  ship  or  boat) 
and  that  there  is  a  likelihood  that 
he  will  be  at  the  time  of  a  par- 
liamentary  election    at    sea    or 
about  to  go  to  sea13 ; 
shall  be  entitled,  if  he  so  desires,  to 
appoint  a  proxy,  and,  having  ap- 
pointed a  proxy,  to  vote  by  proxy 
at  a  parliamentary  election  in  ac- 
cordance with  and  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  this  Act14 : 

(c)  No  ballot  paper  shall  be  sent  for  the 

purpose  of  voting  by  post  to  a  per- 
son who  has  appointed  a  proxy 
under  this  provision  while  the  ap- 

13  See  p.  201,  infra.          u  See  p.  202,  infra. 


176  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

^  poiiitment  is  in  force,  or   to  any 

naval  or  military  voter  if  the  return- 
ing officer  knows  that  he  is  serving 
in  an  area  in  which  voting  by  proxy 
is  permitted  in  pursuance  of  an 
Order  in  Council  made  under  this 
section15 : 

(d)  The  provisions  set  out  in  the  Third 
Schedule  to  this  Act  shall  have 
effect  with  respect  to  voting  by 
proxy.15 

(5)  A  person  whose  name  is  entered  on 
the  absent  voters  list  shall  not  be  entitled 
to  vote  except  as  an  absent  voter  in  pursu- 
ance of  this  section.16 

(6)  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council17 
prescribe  the  forms  to  be  used  for  the  pur- 
poses of  this  section,  and  make  regulations 
as  to  the  mode  in  which  proxy  papers  may 
be  issued  and  cancelled  and  in  which  ballot 
papers  are  to  be  sent  to  the  voter  for  the 
purpose  of  voting  by  post  and   as  to   the 
authentication  of  any  marked  ballot  papers, 
and  generally  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
this  section  into  effect  and  for  preserving 
the  secrecy  of  voting  in  pursuance  thereof.18 

NOTE. — This  section  provides  for  the  method 

15  See  p.  202,  infra.  18  See  pp.  202,  203,  infra. 

17  This  Order  will  be  found  011  p.  754   et  seq. 

18  See  p.  203,  infra. 


ABSENT  VOTERS  LIST.  177 

of  voting  by  absent  voters  at  parliamentary  elec-     Sect.  23. 
tions  other  than  university  elections  (c). 

As  to  sufr-sectwn  (1). — By  sect.  13  (1)  of  the 
present  Act  "it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  regis- 
tration officer  ...  to  place  or  cause  to  be  placed 
on  the  register  in  accordance  with  the  rules  set 
out  in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act  the  names 
of  those  entitled  to  vote  as  parliamentary  electors 
...  in  his  registration  area." 

The  rules  in  the  First  Schedule  bearing  directly 
011  the  provisions  of  sect.  23  (1)  are  rules  16  and 
17  (J),  which  are  as  follows  : — 

"16.  Any  person  entitled  to  be  registered  as 
a  parliamentary  elector  may,  not  later  than  the 
eighteenth  day  of  February  (e)  where  the  claim  is 
for  the  spring  register  (/),  and  the  eighteenth  day 
of  August  (e)  where  the  claim  is  for  the  autumn 
register  (g),  claim  to  be  placed  on  the  absent 
voters  list;  and  the  registration  officer,  if  satis- 
fied that  there  is  a  probability  that  the  claimant, 
by  reason  of  the  nature  of  his  occupation,  service, 
or  employment,  may  be  debarred  from  voting 
at  a  poll  at  parliamentary  elections  held  during 

(c]  As  to  voting  by  absent  voters  at  university  elections  other 
than  Scottish  university  elections,  see  sect.  36  (1)  and  (3)  (b),  and 
Fifth  Schedule,  Part  I.,  cl.   12;    as  to  such  voting  at  Scottish 
university  elections,  see  sect.  36  (1)  and  (3)  (b)  and  Fifth  Schedule, 
Part  II.,  cl.  17—23. 

(d]  See  also  rules  18  and  19  set  out  on  p.  346,  infra. 

(e]  It  is  important  to  notice  that  as  regards  the  first  register  to 
be  prepared  under  »the  Act,  3 1st  July  is  substitued  for  this  date. 
See  Order  in  Council,  dated  June  4th,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  and 
Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra. 

(/)  See  pp.  125—129,  supra, 
(g]  See  pp.  125—129,  mpra. 

F.  12 


178  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.     the  time  the  register  is  in  force,  shall  place  the 
claimant  (if  registered)  on  the  absent  voters  list. 

"  17.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration 
officer,  without  any  claim  being  made  for  the 
purpose,  to  place  on  the  absent  voters  list  any 
naval  or  military  voter  (0),  unless — 

(a)  that  person,  not  later  than  the  eighteenth 

day  of  February  (k)  as  respects  the  spring 
register,  and  the  eighteenth  day  of  Au- 
gust (k)  as  respects  the  autumn  register, 
gives  notice  (I)  to  the  registration  officer 
that  he  does  not  desire  to  be  placed  upon 
that  list ;  or 

(b)  that  person  is  registered,  in  pursuance  of  a 

claim  (m)  for  the  purpose,  for  the  con- 
stituency in  which  he  has  an  actual 
residence  qualification  "  (n). 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  rules  that  the 
persons  whose  names  are  entered  on  the  absent 
voters  list  will  be  (i)  any  person  entitled  to  be 
registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  who  claims 
to  be  placed  on  the  absent  voters  list  and  whose 
claim  the  registration  officer  allows ;  and  (ii)  any 
person  who  being  a  naval  or  military  voter  (0) 
does  not  fall  within  the  exceptions  mentioned  in 
rule  17  (a)  and  (b). 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1),  where  an 

(k)  As  regards  the  first  register,  17th  August  is  substituted  for 
this  date.  See  p.  177,  footnote  (e),  supra. 

(1}  No  form  of  notice  is  prescribed. 

(771)  See  p.  569,  infra. 

(n)  See  pp.  91—93,  supr-i. 

(o)  As  to  what  constitutes  a  naval  or  military  voter,  see  pp.  79— 
85,  supra. 


MEANING  OF  u  DAY  OF  ELECTION."  179 

election  is  contested,  as  soon  as  practicable  after    sect.  23. 

the  adjournment  of  the  election. — It  is  of  course 

only  where  an  election  is  contested  that  sect.  23 

is  applicable ;  but  in  order  to  render  the  meaning 

of  this  sub-section  clear  it  is  thought  desirable  to 

state  shortly  the  duty  of   the   returning   officer 

with  respect  to  the  fixing  of  the  day  of  election, 

and,  if   the   election   be   contested,    the   day  of 

taking  the  poll. 

The  expression  "  day  of  election  "  in  the  Ballot 
Act,  1872,  really  means  the  day  appointed  for 
the  nomination  of  candidates  (p).  In  the  event 
of  there  not  being  more  candidates  than  there 
are  vacancies,  such  candidates  are  on  such  day 
declared  elected  (q).  If,  on  the  other  hand,  there 
are  more  candidates  than  there  are  vacancies, 
i.e.  if  the  election  is  contested,  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  returning  officer  to  adjourn  the  election  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  a  poll  (r).  The  day  of 
election  in  its  popular  sense  is  therefore  the  day 
upon  which  the  poll  is  taken  (which  in  this  Note 
is  hereafter  called  the  day  of  the  poll),  and  not 
"  the  day  of  election  "  as  used  in  the  Ballot  Act. 

The  "  day  of  election "  in  the  sense  which  it 
bears  in  the  Ballot  Act  (i.e.,  the  day  fixed  for  re- 
ceiving nominations)  is  now,  at  a  general  election, 
in  all  constituencies  other  than  university  constitu- 
encies, the  eighth  day  after  the  date  of  the  procla- 

(/>)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  1,  and  First  Schedule,  Part  L,  rr.  1,  2 ; 
and  see  sect.  21  (1)  of  the  present  Act  (p.  161,  supra],  where  what 
is  called  in  the  Ballot  Act  "  day  of  election  "  is  described  as  above. 

(q)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  1. 

(r)  Ibid.,  and  First  Schedule,  Part  I.,  r.  9. 

12(2) 


180  .  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  mation  declaring  the  calling  of  the  new  Parliament. 
The  day  of  the  poll  is  now,  at  a  general  election, 
the  ninth  day  after  the  "  day  of  election"  (s). 

At  a  bye-election,  the  "day  of  election"  is,  in 
the  case  of  an  election  for  a  county,  such  day  as 
the  returning  officer  may  fix,  not  later  than  the 
ninth  day  after  the  day  on  which  he  receives  the 
writ,  and,  in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a  borough, 
not  later  than  the  fourth  day  after  the  day  on  which 
he  receives  the  writ  (£),  and  the  day  of  the  poll  is 
such  day  as  the  returning  officer  may  appoint,  not 
being  less  than  four  or  more  than  eight  clear  days 
after  the  day  fixed  as  "  the  day  of  election  "  (u). 

It  follows  from  what  is  said  above  that  the 
period  which  elapses  between  the  adjournment  of 
the  election  and  the  day  of  the  poll  is,  in  the  case 
of  a  general  election,  nine  days,  and,  in  the  case 
of  a  bye-election,  not  less  than  four  or  more  than 
eight  days,  The  returning  officer  must  send  the 
ballot  paper  to  the  absent  voter  as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable after  the  commencement  of  this  period. 

As  to  the  words  in  sect.  23  (1).  send  a  ballot 
paper  to  each  such  person  at  the  address  re- 
corded by  the  registration  officer,  rule  19  of  the 
Registration  Rules  provides  that — 

"  The  registration  officer  shall  keep  a  record  of 
any  address  which  may  be  furnished  to  him  by 
any  person  placed  on  the  absent  voters  list,  or  by 
the  Admiralty,  Army  Council,  Air  Council  or 
Board  of  Trade,  as  the  address  which  is  to  be  for 

(«)  See  sect.  21,  pp.  161 — 162,  supra,  and  pp.  162 — 163. 
(*)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  First  Schedule,  Part  I.,  r.  2. 
(M)  See  sect.  21  (1),  p.  161,  supra,  also  Ballot  Act,  1872,  First 
Schedule,  Part  I.,  r.  14. 


REGISTRATION  OF  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

the  time  being  the  address  of  the  voter  for  the    Sect.  23. 
purpose  of  the  provisions  relating  to  voting  by 
absent  voters  and,  as  soon  as  practicable,  shall 
cause  instructions  to  be  sent  to  the  voter  as  to 
the  mode  of  voting  under  those  provisions. 

"  The  record  of  addresses  shall  be  open  to  in- 
spection under  the  same  conditions  that  govern 
the  register  "  (x). 

As  to  the  words  a  declaration  of  identity  in 
the  prescribed  form,  the  word  "  prescribed " 
means  "  prescribed  by  His  Majesty  by  Order  in 
Council "  (y),  but  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press 
no  form  has  been  prescribed. 

In  order  to  assist  the  registration  officer  in  the 
registration  of  naval  and  military  voters,  rule  18 
of  the  Registration  Rules  provides  that — 

1  i  The  Admiralty,  the  Army  Council,  and  the 
Air  Council,  either  directly  or  through  officers 
appointed  by  them,  shall  in  the  prescribed  manner 
furnish  to  the  registration  officers  in  the  several 
constituencies  such  information  as  to  the  names 
and  addresses  of  Naval  and  Military  voters  (z)  and 
such  other  particulars  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
purpose  of  their  registration  and  of  their  voting 
as  such,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Local 
Government  Board  to  render  any  assistance  that 
may  be  required  by  the  Admiralty,  the  Army 
Council,  and  the  Air  Council  in  conveying  such 
information  to  the  registration  officers : 

"  Provided  that  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council, 

(«)  See  Rule  27,  p.  349,  infra. 
(V)  See  sect.  41  (11),  p.  308,  infra. 
(z)  See  pp.  79—85,  supra. 


182  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  and  Air  Council  shall  not  be  required  to  supply 
any  particulars  which  in  their  declared  opinion 
would  interfere  with  the  proper  conduct  of  the 


war." 


As  to  sub-sec  lion  (2). — The  ballot  paper  marked 
by  the  absent  voter.  This,  of  course,  refers  to  a 
ballot  paper  (a)  which  has  been  sent  to  the 
absent  voter  in  pursuance  of  the  provisions  of 
sect.  23(1). 

As  to  the  declaration  of  identity,  see  p.  181, 
supra. 

if  it  is  received  by  the  returning  officer 
before  the  close  of  the  poll. — By  the  First 
Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Part  I.,  rule  32, 
"  the  returning  officer  shall  make  arrangements  for 
counting  the  votes  in  the  presence  of  the  agents 
of  the  candidates  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the 
close  of  the  poll." 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  subject  to  the 
provisions  of  sub-sect.  (3)  the  time  allowed  for  an 
absent  voter  to  receive  his  ballot  paper  and  return 
it  to  the  returning  officer  is  very  short  (b). 

be  counted  by  him  and  treated  for  all  pur- 
poses in  the  same  manner  as  a  ballot  paper 
placed  in  the  ballot  box  in  the  ordinary  manner. 
— The  procedure  here  referred  to  which  the  re- 
turning officer  must  adopt  with  regard  to  the 
counting  of  ballot  papers  is  prescribed  by  the 
second  paragraph  of  sect.  2  of  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872,  and  rules  31  to  38  (c)  of  the  First  Schedule 

(a)  See  also  pp.  182—200,  infra. 

(6)  See  Note  on  the  meaning  of  the  words  ' '  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  the  adjournment  of  the  election  "  on  pp.  179 — 180,  supra. 
(c)  Set  out  at  pp.  687—689,  infra. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS. 

to  that  Act.     It  will  be  seen  that  by  rule  34  the     Sect.  23 
returning    officer    must   mix    the   absent   voters' 
ballot  papers  with  the  other  ballot  papers  before 
counting  the  votes. 

The  only  matter  under  these  rules  which  appears 
to  call  for  special  consideration  here  is  that  dealt 
with  by  rule  36,  which  is  as  follows  :  — 

"  The  returning  officer  shall  endorse  '  rejected' 
on  any  ballot  paper  which  he  may  reject  as  invalid, 
and  shall  add  to  the  endorsement  4  rejection  ob- 
jected to,'  if  an  objection  be  in  fact  made  by  any 
agent  to  his  decision.  The  returning  officer  shall 
report  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  the 
number  of  ballot  papers  rejected  arid  not  counted 
by  him  under  the  several  heads  of,  — 

'  4  (  1  )  Want  of  official  mark  ; 

Voting  for  more  candidates  than  entitled 


. 
"(3)  Writing  or  mark  by  which  voter  could  be 

identified  ; 

"  (4)  Unmarked  or  void  for  uncertainty  ; 
and  shall  on  request  allow  any  agents  of  the  can- 
didates, before  such  report  is  sent,  to  copy  it." 

"  The  questions  here  raised,"  said  Lord  Neaves 
in  Wig  town  (d\  "are  important  and  delicate  on 
this  account  in  particular,  viz.,  that  while  a  certain 
form  of  exercising  the  franchise  is  pointed  out  in 
the  statute  on  the  subject,  some  deviations  from 
the  strict  letter  of  the  directions  therein  contained 
may  be  so  trifling  as  to  be  immaterial,  while 
others  may  be  more  serious,  and  thus  may  be 
•fatal.  The  merits  of  each  vote,  therefore,  may 

(>!}  (1874),  2  0.  &  H.  220,  221. 


184  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  turn  on  questions  of  degree,  which  it  is  always 
difficult  to  distinguish,  as  the  one  class  may  run 
almost  imperceptibly  into  the  other.  This  is  the 
old  puzzle  as  to  how  many  grains  of  corn  make  a 
heap,  or  at  what  stage  a  little  tiling  grows  into  a 
big  one. 

"  In  this  state  of  matters  the  important  point 
is  to  look  to  the  great  objects  and  principles  of 
the  statute,  and  to  take  care  that  we  do  every- 
thing necessary  to  follow  these  out,  and  nothing 
that  can  defeat  or  endanger  them. 

"  The  great  object  in  view,  I  take  it,  in  the 
Ballot  Act  is  the  double  result  of  facility  in  the 
exercise  of  the  franchise  and  perfect  secrecy  as 
to  the  vote  of  individual  voters.  This  double 
purpose  is  by  the  Act  sought  to  be  accomplished 
by  not  allowing  a  vote  to  be  given  viva  voce,  as  it 
used  to  be,  nor  in  writing  (properly  speaking),  in 
either  of  which  cases  secrecy  would  be  impossible, 
or  would  be  imperilled,  for  by  writing,  though 
not  setting  forth  the  writer's  name,  yet  through 
the  comparatio  literarum  the  writer  might  be  dis- 
covered. Nor  would  it  have  done,  perhaps,  to 
leave  the  voter  to  put  any  mark  he  pleased  to  show 
the  candidate  for  whom  he  voted.  A  mark  has 
been  pointed  out  and  represented  in  the  statutory 
directions,  that  of  a  cross,  thus,  X-  It  is,  I  think,  a 
mark  well  devised  for  the  purpose,  easy  of  execu- 
tion by  men  of  the  most  moderate  intelligence, 
and  at  the  same  time  perfectly  neutral  in  its 
character,  so  as  to  be  practically  incapable  of 
betraying  its  authorship  by  its  appearance.  I 
think  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  a  ballot  paper 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  185 

strictly  in  terms  of  the  statute  should  lead  to  the     Sect.  23. 
voter's  identification,  one /man's   cross  being   in 
general  indistinguishable  from  another  man's." 

It  is  important  to  notice,  as  was  pointed  out  in 
the  considered  judgment  of  the  Court  in  the  case 
of  Woodward  v.  Sarsons(d),  that  "  the  rules  in  the 
1st  Schedule  of  the  Ballot  Act  and  the  forms  in 
the  2nd  Schedule  are  directory  enactments,  as 
distinguished  from  the  absolute  enactments  in  the 
section  in  the  body  of  the  Act,  and  that,  while 
the  general  rule  is  that  an  absolute  enactment 
must  be  obeyed  or  fulfilled  exactly,  it  is  sufficient 
if  a  directory  enactment  be  obeyed  or  fulfilled  sub- 
stantially. The  second  section  enacts,  as  to  what 
the  voter  shall  do,  that  '  the  voter,  having  secretly 
marked  his  vote  on  the  paper,  and  folded  it  up  so 
as  to  conceal  his  vote,  shall  place  it  in  an  enclosed 
box.'  This  is  all  that  is  said  in  the  body  of  the 
Act  about  what  the  voter  shall  do  with  the  ballot 
paper.  That  which  is  absolute,  therefore,  is  that 
the  voter  shall  mark  his  paper  secretly  (e).  How 
he  shall  mark  it  is  in  the  directory  part  of  the 
statute.  .  .  .  The  result  seems  to  be,  as  to  writing 
or  mark  on  the  ballot  paper,  that  if  there  be  sub- 
stantially a  want  of  any  mark,  or  a  mark  which 
leaves  it  uncertain  whether  the  voter  intended  to 

(d)  (1875),  L.  E.  10  C.  P.  at  pp.  746,  747,  748. 

(e)  If  this  provision  is  infringed,  the  vote  will  be  void,  and  a 
similarly  strict  compliance  with  all  the  other  requirements  of  sect.  2 
is  necessary.     Thus  a  vote  will  be  void  if  the  ballot  paper  has  no 
official  mark  on  it  (Wigtoivn  (1874),  2  0.  &  H.  215)  or  if  it  is  filled 
up  in  such  a  way  as  to  lead  to  the  identification  of  the  voter.     See 
sect.  2  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and  Sched.  2,  which  is  made  part  of 
such  Act  by  sect.  28  :   Woodivard  v.  Sarsons  (1875),  L.  R.  10  C.  P. 
747. 


180  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  aa.  vote  at  all  or  for  which  candidate  he  intended  ta 
vote,  or  if  there  be  marks  indicating  that  the  voter- 
has  voted  for  too  many  candidates,  or  a  writing  or 
a  mark  by  which  the  voter  can  be  identified,  then 
the  ballot  paper  is  void,  and  is  not  to  be  counted ; 
or,  to  put  the  matter  affirmatively,  the  paper  must 
be  marked  so  as  to  show  that  the  voter  intended 
to  vote  for  someone,  and  so  as  to  show  for  which 
of  the  candidates  he  intended  to  vote.  It  must 
not  be  marked  so  as  to  show  that  he  intended  to 
vote  for  more  candidates  than  he  is  entitled  to 
vote  for,  nor  so  as  to  leave  it  uncertain  whether 
he  intended  to  vote  at  all  or  for  which  candidate 
he  intended  to  vote,  nor  so  as  to  make  it  possible, 
by  seeing  the  paper  itself,  or  by  reference  to- 
other available  facts,  to  identify  the  way  in  which 
he  has  voted  (/).  If  these  requirements  are  sub- 
stantially fulfilled,  then  there  is  no  enactment  and 
no  rule  of  law  by  which  a  ballot  paper  can  be 
treated  as  void,  though  the  other  directions  in  the 
statute  are  not  strictly  obeyed.  If  these  require- 
ments are  not  substantially  fulfilled  the  ballot 
paper  is  void,  and  should  not  be  counted ;  and 
if  it  is  counted,  it  should  be  struck  out  on  a 
scrutiny.  The  decision  in  each  case  is  upon  a 
point  of  fact,  to  be  decided  first  by  the  returning 
officer,  and  afterwards  by  the  election  tribunal, 
on  petition.'7 

1 .    Want  of  official  mark. 

"  It  is  quite  sufficient  if  there  is  sucli  evidence 
of    the    official    mark,    whether   it    is    perforated 

(/)  See  also  the  observations  of  Ghannell,  J.,  in  Exeter  (1911), 
6  O.  &  H.  at  p.  232. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS. 


187 


through  the  paper,  whether  the  ink  is  caused  to  Sect.  vs. 
run  through  the  paper  so  as  to  indicate  the  official 
mark,  or  whether  the  stamp  is  applied,  but  fails 
to  make  a  perfect  mark.  In  all  such  cases,  if 
there  be  evidence  that  the  presiding  officer  has 
intended  to  make,  and  has  in  fact  made,  what, 
fairly  looked  at,  indicates  that  a  recognisable 
official  mark  is  upon  the  back  of  the  ballot  paper, 
votes  marked  upon  such  papers  ought  to  be  held 
good  votes  in  the  absence  of  any  other  substantial 
objection(^)." 

2.  Voting  for  more  candidates  than  entitled  to. 

"  If  there  be  marks  indicating  that  the  voter 
has  voted  for  too  many  candidates  .  .  .  then  the 
ballot  paper  is  void  and  is  not  to  be  counted.  ... 
The  paper  must  not  be  marked  so  as  to  show 
that  he  intended  to  vote  for  more  candidates  than 
he  is  entitled  to  vote  for  "  (k). 

If  it  is  so  marked  "  the  ballot  paper  is  void  and 
should  not  be  counted  ;  arid  if  it  is  counted,  it 
should  be  struck  off  on  a  scrutiny  "  (k}. 

3.  Writing  or   mark  />//  which    the  voter  could  be 
identified. 

The  fact  that  the  marks  are  such  as  might 
lead  to  the  identification  of  the  voter  is  not 
sufficient  to  vitiate  and  render  void  the  vote.  The 
mark  must  be  a  mark  by  which  the  voter  can 
(not  might  possibly)  be  identified.  Whether  the 
mark  is  such  is  a  matter  of  fact.  It  is  an  in- 

(g)  Per  Hawkins,  J.,  in  C'irenccstrr  (1893),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  196. 

(A)  Per  cnriam  in  Woodward  v.  Sarsons  (1875),  L.  B.  10  0.  P. 
at  p.  748.  See  also  Phillips  v.  f/o/(1886),  17  Q.  B.  D.  814.  But 
see  as  to  a  university  election  held  according  to  the  principle  of 
proportional  representation,  pp.  160 — 161,  and  158 — 160,  snpr«. 


188  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

fi_??*_  sufficient  objection  that  the  marks  referred  to 
might  possibly  afford  a  clue  to  the  identification 
of  the  voter"  (i). 

4.  Unmarked  or  void  for  uncertainty. — The  Courts 
appear  to  have  placed  a  more  rigid  and  technical 
interpretation  on  the  language  of  the  statute  in 
the  earlier  than  in  the  later  cases.  Thus  in 
Wigtown  (k)  Lord  Neaves  said  : — 

"  I  think  it  essential  to  a  good  vote  that  the 
voter  should  make  the  cross  thus  pointed  out,  and 
that  any  mark  materially  different  would  be  a 
deviation  from  what  is  prescribed,  and  a  failure 
to  fulfil  the  requirements  of  the  statute.  For 
anyone  to  put,  instead  of  a  cross,  a  circle  or  an 
oval,  or  any  other  geometrical  or  anomalous 
figure,  would  not  be  a  compliance  with  the  law, 
independently  of  the  consideration  that  such  a 
plain  and  wilful  departure  from  what  was  intended 
would  suggest  strongly  the  suspicion  that  some 
sinister  purpose  was  intended." 

Again,  in  Stepney  Division  (I)  counsel  objected 
to  a  vote  on  the  ground  that  the  voter  had  put  a 
circle  instead  of  a  cross  and  that  by  this  it  might 
be  identified;  he  cited  Wigtotun(m}.  Denman,  J., 
said  (n) : — 

"  The  question  here  is  whether  a  ballot  paper 
is  good  in  which  the  voter,  instead  of  making  a 
cross  or  a  mark  of  the  ordinary  kind  straight 

(i)  See  the  observations  of  Hawkins,  J.,  in  Cirencester  (1893), 
4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  198. 

(k)  (1874),  2  O.  &  H.  at  pp.  220,  221. 

(I)  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  37. 

(m)  (1874),  2  0.  &H.  215. 

(n)  Stepney  Division  (1886),  4  O.  &  H.  at  pp.  37,  38. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  189 

with  his  pen,  deliberately  makes  a  circle.  If  a  Sect,  as. 
man  does  that,  he  really  must  do  it  either  with 
some  sinister  object,  or  it  is  so  perversely  and 
absurdly  in  deviation  from  the  directions  of  the 
Ballot  Act  as  to  make  it  a  case  in  which  he  ought 
really  to  be  held  to  have  thrown  away  his  vote. 
If  he  does  it  with  the  sinister  object  of  having 
his  vote  known,  then  he  has  forfeited  his  vote 
because  he  has  violated  the  Ballot  Act.  If  he  does 
it  purposely — and  one  cannot  understand  a  man 
supposing  that  a  cross  is  a  circle — he  has  done  it 
perversely,  and  done  it  in  such  a  way  as  again  to 
legitimately  forfeit  his  vote.  If  he  does  it  pur- 
posely, knowing  that  his  vote  may  be  thrown 
away,  then  he  really  has  not  indicated  his  inten- 
tion to  vote  for  the  candidate  against  whose  name 
he  has  placed  the  mark ;  so  that  in  any  case  there 
is  no  good  ground  for  holding  that  a  circle  is  a 
cross  within  the  meaning  of  the  Ballot  Act." 

The  vote  was  struck  off. 

The  attention  of  the  Court  in  this  case  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  drawn  to  the  important  deci- 
sion of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  Woodward 
v.  Sarsons  (0),  but  having  regard  to  that  case  and 
to  later  decisions,  it  is  respectfully  submitted  that 
the  observations  of  Lord  Neaves  cited  above  do 
not  correctly  state  the  law,  and  that  the  decision 
of  the  Court  in  Stepney  Division  must  now  be 
regarded  as  overruled. 

In  Woodward  v.  Sarsons  ( p )  it  was  laid  down 
that  any  mark  which  sufficiently  indicates  for 

(o)  (1875),  L.  E.  10  C.  P.  733. 
(p)  Ibid,  at  p.  748. 


190  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  whom  the  vote  is  given,  so  long  as  it  is  not  such 
as  to  enable  the  voter  to  be  identified,  is  good. 
The  following  modes  of  marking  were  held  good(y) 
in  the  absence  of  evidence  of  connivance  or  pre- 
arrangement : — 

(a)  Two  or  three  crosses  instead  of  one. 

(b)  A  straight  vertical  line  instead  of  a  cross. 

(c)  A  straight  stroke  in  addition  to  a  cross. 

(d)  A  letter  P  in  addition  to  a  cross. 

(e)  An  oblique  line  instead  of  a  cross. 

(f )  A  star  instead  of  a  cross. 

(g)  A  pencil  line  drawn  through  the  name  of 
one  candidate  and  a  cross  opposite  that  of  another. 

(h)  A  cross  placed  on  the  left  instead  of  the 
right-hand  side  of  the  candidate's  name. 

Some  of  these  decisions  are  in  conflict  with 
some  of  the  decisions  of  the  majority  of  the 
judges  in  the  Scottish  Court  of  Session  in  Wig- 
town (r)j  and  in  regard  to  this  Lord  Coleridge,  C.J., 
in  delivering  the  considered  judgment  of  the  Court 
in  Woodward  v.  Sarsons  (s)  said : — 

"  We  are  aware  that,  in  so  applying  the  prin- 
ciples which  we  have  deduced  from  the  statute, 
we  are  acting  apparently  in  opposition  to  some 
of  the  decisions  in  the  Wigtown  case(^) ;  but  there 
may  have  been  evidence  in  that  case  which  does 
not  exist  in  the  present  case,  and  which  made 
many  of  the  marks  there  marks  of  identification, 
which  the  mere  presence  of  such  marks  here  does 

(q)  (1875),  L.  E.  10  C.  P.  at  p.  749. 
(r)  (1874),  2  O.  &  H.  215. 
(«)  (1875),  L.  E.  10  0.  P.  at  p.  750. 

(t)  (1874),  2  O.  &  II.  215,  227 ;  1  Court  of  Sess.  Cases,  4th  Series, 
925,  231 ,  sub  wow.  Haswett  v.  Stewart. 


RULES  A8  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  191 

not  do.     If  this  was  not  so,  we  respectfully  differ     Sect.  83. 
from  the  strict  view  taken  by  the  majority  of  the 
learned  judges  who  decided  that  case,  and  adhere 
to  the  view  of  Lord  Benholme  given  in  that  case." 

In  1876  a  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  working 
of  the  Ballot  Act,  reported  that  in  their  opinion 
"no  ballot  paper  should  be  rejected  unless  it 
appears  clearly  to  the  returning  officer  that  the 
obligatory  portion  of  the  Act  has  not  been  com- 
plied with ;  and  that  the  marking  of  the  ballot 
paper  in  a  manner  not  in  accordance  with  the 
*  directions '  should  not  cause  its  rejection,  unless 
it  appears  to  the  returning  officer  that  such  de- 
parture from  the  directions  has  been  for  the  pur- 
pose of  identification,  or  would  necessarily  afford 
an  opportunity  for  such  identification  being 
effected,  or  unless  the  returning  officer  is  unable 
to  determine  for  whom  the  voter  intended  to 
vote."  The  Committee  further  suggested  that 
the  Home  Office  should  forward  to  every  return- 
ing officer  the  case  and  judgment  in  Woodward  v. 
Sarsons  (u). 

In  the  later  case  of  BucJcrose  (#),  where  a  vote 
was  objected  to  on  the  ground  that  the  ballot 
paper  had  been  marked  with  a  circle  instead  of 
a  cross,  the  vote  was  allowed.  Pollock,  B., 
said(y):— 

"I  should  have  myself  no  doubt  about  this 
case  but  for  the  remarks  of  my  brother  Den- 

(«)  Par.  Pap.  162  of  1876,  p.  iv. 
(a)  (1886),  4  O.  &  H.  110. 
(y)  Ibid,  at  p.  112. 


192  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.     man  (2),  which  one  must  take  to  have  been  en- 
tirely assented  to  by  my  brother  Field,  inasmuch 
as  he  did  not  dissent  from  them,  but  we  have  not 
before  us  the  precise  character  of  the  circle  in 
that   case.     It   may  have   been  something  very 
accurate  as  a  circle,  and  it  may  have  indicated 
more  education   and   mental  power  than  is   in- 
dicated  by  such   figures   as  we  find   here,   and 
therefore  I  cannot  consider  that  that  case  is  a 
binding  authority  upon  us  with  reference  to  thi& 
particular  ballot  paper.     So   far   as  the    Scotch 
authority  goes  it  is  not  binding  upon  us.     But 
now  let  us  look  at  the  plain  intention  which  is 
indicated  by  the  statute  itself."     After  referring 
to  the  2nd  section  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and 
the  2nd  Schedule  to  that  Act,  the  learned  Baron 
continued:  "It  is  in  the  schedule  that  for  the 
first  time  you  have  an  indication  that  it  shall  be 
by  a  cross.     When  you  get  to  the  form  the  same 
thing    is   indicated,    and   the    only   question    is 
whether  that  cross,  in  the  form  of  a  cross  sub- 
stantially,  is    essential  to   a  good  vote.     It  has 
been  already  held  that  if  it  be  a  cross  with  a 
mark  across  it  like  an  X,  or  like  a  Winchester 
cross,  and  a  good  many  figures  of  that  kind,  then 
it  would  be  perfectly  good.     This  is  not  a  cross ; 
but  is  it  such  a  departure  from  a  cross  as  to  in- 
dicate any  intention  on  the   part    of   the  voter 
otherwise  than  to  record  his  vote  for  the  person 
whose  name  is  opposite  the  bad  cross  ?     I  cannot 
myself  think  that  that  is  so.     For  my  part,   I 
think  this  is  a  good  vote." 

(z)  In  Stepney  Division  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  37,  38. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS. 

Smith,  J.,  concurred,  holding  that  the  case  Sect.  83. 
came  within  the  principle  of  Woodward  v.  Sar- 
so?is  («),  and  that  the  ballot  paper  was  marked  in 
such  a  way  as  to  show  that  the  voter  intended  to 
vote  for  the  candidate  opposite  whose  name  he 
had  placed  the  mark  in  question. 

In  Buckrose(b)  counsel  objected  to  a  vote  on 
the  ground  that  the  only  mark  on  the  paper  was 
a  cross  made  upon  the  name  of  Mr.  S.,  in  such  a 
way  as  to  make  it  appear  possible  that  he  intended 
to  strike  the  name  out.  The  vote  was  disallowed. 

In  the  same  case(£)  a  vote  was  objected  to  on 
the  ground  that  the  cross  had  been  put,  not 
opposite  to  either  of  the  candidates'  names,  but  in 
the  right-hand  top  corner  of  the  ballot  paper  above 
the  line.  The  Court,  following  the  opinion  of 
Hawkins,  J.,  in  Berwick  (c]  and  of  the  Court  in 
Stepney  Division  (d\  held  that  the  vote  was  void 

for  uncertainty. 

* 

A  vote  was  also  objected  to  by  counsel  on  the 
ground  that  the  figure  33  had  been  written  upon 
the  back  of  the  ballot  paper.  The  Court,  in  the 
absence  of  any  evidence  showing  that  the  voter 
could  be  identified  by  the  writing,  allowed  the 
vote(fl?),  following  the  decision  of  Field,  J.,  in 
Stepney  Division  (e). 

In  BucJcrose,  the  same  case(d),  a  ballot  paper 

(a)  (1875),  L.  R.  10  0.  P.  733. 
(6)  (1886),  40.  &H.  at  p.  112. 

(c)  (1880),  3  O.  &  H.  at  p.  182. 

(d)  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  111. 

(e)  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  40. 

F.  13 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect,  as.  had  been  rejected  by  the  returning  officer  which 
had  been  marked  upon  the  back  opposite  the  name 
of  one  of  the  candidates,  and  it  was  contended 
that,  inasmuch  as  the  mark  could  be  seen  through 
the  paper  without  turning  it  over,  it  was  a  good 
vote.  Pollock,  B.,  said(<?)  :  "  I  have  a  very  clear 
opinion  that  that  will  not  do.  If  you  take  the 
whole  context  of  the  Act  and  read  the  direction, 
the  voter  is  to  place  a  cross  on  the  right-hand  side 
opposite  the  name  of  each  candidate  for  whom  he 
votes,  and  that  together  with  the  other  provision 
with  regard  to  the  returning  officer  clearly  indi- 
cates that  it  must  be  upon  the  face  of  the  paper. 
We  think  that  the  vote  was  properly  rejected  on 
the  ground  that  a  cross  upon  the  back  is  not  a 
compliance  with  the  Act." 

In  the  same  case  a  ballot  paper  marked  in  the 
usual  way  on  the  face  opposite  the  name  of  one 
candidate  but  with  a  cross  on  the  back  opposite 
the  name  of  the  other  candidate  was  allowed  for 
the  former  candidate  (e). 

Where  a  ballot  paper  was  marked  with  a  cross 
on  the  left-hand  side  of  the  respondent's  name, 
and  with  a  straight  line  on  the  right-hand  side  of 
the  petitioner's  name,  and  the  vote  was  objected 
to  on  the  ground  of  uncertainty,  Pollock,  B., 
said  (/) :  "I  think  the  cross  in  one  case  and  the 
line  in  the  other  make  it  doubtful,  and  we  must 
reject  the  vote." 

(e)  C1886),  40.  &  H.  at  p.  111. 

(/)  Hid.     See  also  Exeter  (1911),  6  0.  &  H.  at  p.  229. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  195 

In  Stepney   Division  (g),  where   the    cross   had     Sect.  23. 
been  put  on  the  top  of  the  voting  paper  opposite 
the  words  "  Ballot  paper,"  the  vote  was  struck  off 
on  the  ground  of  uncertainty. 

In  the  same  case  the  Court  was  divided  in 
opinion  as  to  whether  a  name  and  a  cross  on  the 
back  of  a  ballot  paper  invalidated  the  vote  (h). 

In  Cirencester(i),  Hawkins,  J.,  thus  explained 
the  principles  by  which  the  Court  would  be  guided 
in  dealing  with  cases  of  this  kind : — 

"  With  regard  to  those  votes  as  to  which  ob- 
jections have  been  raised  to  the  mode  in  which 
they  were  marked  by  the  voters,  we  have  pro- 
ceeded upon  what  we  think  was  the  true  intention 
of  the  Legislature  in  framing  the  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment. We  have,  first  of  all,  asked  ourselves 
whether  the  voter  received  his  paper  with  the 
intention  to  vote.  The  mere  fact  that  he  has 
applied  for  and  received  a  voting  paper  affords 
abundant  evidence  that  such  was  his  intention. 
Then  we  have  looked  at  the  face  of  the  paper 
itself,  with  a  view  to  see  whether  or  not  the  voter 
has  by  any  mark  clearly  indicated  the  person  for 
whom  he  wished  and  intended  to  vote ;  and  if  we 
have  found  such  a  mark  we  have  upheld  the  vote, 
regardless  of  the  very  technical,  and  as  we  think 
unsubstantial,  objections  which  have  been  allowed 
in  some  of  the  earlier  cases  to  be  found  in  the 

(g]  (1886),  40.  &  H.  37. 

(h)  The  decision  on  this  point  in  Wigtown  (1874),  2  0.  &  H.  216, 
was,  however,  not  mentioned  to  the  Court, 
(t)  (1893),  4  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  196,  197. 

13(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  reports  of  election  cases,  our  view  being  that  we 
ought  to  interpret  the  Ballot  Act  liberally,  and, 
subject  to  other  objections,  to  give  effect  to  any 
mark  on  the  face  of  the  paper  which  in  our 
opinion  clearly  indicated  the  intention  of  the 
voter,  whether  such  mark  were  in  the  shape  of  a 
cross,  or  a  straight  line,  or  in  any  other  form,  and 
whether  made  with  pen  and  ink,  pencil,  or  even 
an  indentation  made  on  the  paper,  and  whether 
on  the  right  or  the  left  hand  of  the  candidate's 
name,  or  elsewhere  within  his  compartment  on 
the  voting  paper.  Of  course,  every  deviation 
from  the  course  pointed  out  in  the  rule  tends  to 
create  difficulties  which  may  be  avoided  by  a  rigid 
observance  of  it.  It  is  highly  prudent  therefore 
to  adhere  to  it,  though  we  do  not  think  it  essen- 
tial. .  .  .  There  were  some  marks  and  blotches  of 
a  very  irregular  character  (on  the  voting  paper), 
which  might  well  be  mistaken  as  indications  of 
temporary  unsteadiness  in  the  voters,  who  by 
their  unsteadiness  imperil  their  votes.  In  such 
cases  we  have  done  our  best  to  discover  whether, 
although  obscured  by  the  blots,  blurs,  and  other 
marks,  there  existed  positive  indications  on  the 
part  of  the  voter  of  an  intention  to  vote  without 
a  thought  of  leaving  behind  a  trace  to  enable  him 
to  be  identified.  ...  Of  course,  if  it  is  upon  the 
face  of  the  ballot  paper  left  in  doubt  whether  the 
man  intended  to  vote  for  one  candidate  or  the 
other,  the  weight  of  the  objection  that  the  vote 
is  uncertain  is  obvious,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
one  candidate  has  just  as  much  right  to  claim 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  197 

the  vote  as  the  other,  and  so  it  ought  not  to  be    Sect.  23. 
counted  for  either,  and  the  statute  so  enacts." 

"It  has  been  held  (&),"  said  Hawkins,  J.,  in 
Berwick-upon- Tweed (1],  "that  it  is  not  necessary 
that  this  mark  should  be  made  with  the  pencil 
provided  in  the  compartment,  or  with  a  pencil 
at  all.  A  mark  made  with  ink  or  with  a  piece  of 
burnt  stick  is  just  as  good  as  a  mark  made  with 
pencil,  and  I  cannot  see  any  reason  why  a  mark 
made  in  any  other  way  is  not  just  as  good." 

In  the  same  case  one  of  the  ballot  papers  had 
been  marked  with  a  long  cross,  one  part  of  which 
extended  into  the  space  opposite  the  name  of  the 
respondent,  although  the  actual  intersection  of  the 
cross  was  in  the  space  opposite  the  petitioner's 
name.  It  was  held  that  this  was  a  good  vote  for 
the  petitioner.  "If,"  said  Lopes,  J.  (m),  "you 
strike  out  the  upper  part  of  the  cross,  that  is,  the 
part  opposite  the  name  of  the  respondent,  you  will 
still  have  a  perfect  cross  opposite  the  petitioner's 
name.  On  the  other  hand,  if  you  strike  off  what 
is  opposite  to  the  petitioner's  name,  you  will  have 
no  cross  at  all." 

In  Pontardawe  Rural  District  Council  Election 
Petition  (n)  certain  doubtful  ballot  papers  were 
reserved  for  the  consideration  of  the  Court,  among 
whicli  were  three  papers  in  which  the  marks  made 
by  the  voters  were  outside  the  compartments  or 

(A)  In  Wigtown  (1874),  2  O.  &  H.  219. 

(I)  (1880),  3  O.  &  H.  at  p.  180. 

(m)  Ibid.  181. 

(n)  (1907)  2  K.  B.  313. 


198  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect,  as.  ruled  spaces  on  the  ballot  papers.  The  marks, 
however,  although  outside  the  compartments,  were 
placed  directly  opposite  the  names  of  certain  of 
the  candidates,  so  as  to  leave  no  doubt  for  whom 
the  voters  intended  to  vote.  Ridley,  J.,  said  :— 
"  I  think  that  as  long  as  the  mark  is  opposite  the 
name  of  the  candidate,  so  as  to  make  it  clear  that 
the  voter  intended  to  vote  for  him,  the  vote  is 
good.  If  the  mark  were  above  or  below  the  name 
it  would  not  be  clear,  and  the  paper  would  be  void 
for  uncertainty." 

Phillimore,  J.,  said: — "  I  agree.  The  effect  of 
placing  the  mark  outside  the  printed  space  may 
be  to  make  it  more  difficult  to  decide  for  whom 
the  vote  was  given.  But  here  there  is  admittedly 
no  difficulty  in  so  deciding.  A  mark  put  directly 
opposite  the  name  of  a  particular  candidate  is  to 
my  mind  a  good  vote." 

Where  the  voter  writes  his  own  name  instead  of 
a  cross,  as  directed,  opposite  the  candidate's 
name  (o),  or  where  he  writes  any  name  (p)  or 
initials  (q),  even  though  they  are  not  those  of  the 
voter  or  candidate,  the  vote  will  be  rejected  on 
the  ground  that  the  voter  could  be  identified  by 
his  handwriting. 

In  West  Bromwich  (r)  various  ballot  papers  were 
considered  on  a  scrutiny  by  Ridley  and  Bucknill, 

(o)  Woodivard  v.  Sarsons  (1874),  L.  E.  10  C.  P.  at  pp.  737,  749. 
(j>)  Ibid,  at  pp.  736,  749;   Wigtown  (1874),  2  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  216, 
217 ;  Exeter  (1911),  6  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  229—231. 
(q)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  2. 
(r)  (1911),  6  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  256,  257. 


RULES  AS  TO  BALLOT  PAPERS.  199 

JJ.,  and  it  may  be  useful  to  refer  to  the  following     Sect.  23. 
decisions  of  the  Court : — 

Crosses  outside  the  proper  vote-space,  but  well 
opposite  the  candidate's  name,  were  allowed  to 
him. 

A  cross  in  the  margin  altogether  underneath 
the  candidate's  name-space  was  disallowed  to  him; 
but  one  in  the  right-hand  margin  altogether  out- 
side that  space  and  the  proper  vote-space,  but 
partly  parallel  with  them  and  partly  beneath 
them,  was  allowed  to  him. 

A  very  faint  cross  in  the  candidate's  name- 
space was  allowed  to  the  candidate  (s). 

A  cross  immediately  under  the  space  for  the  2 
in  the  number  column  (i.e.  the  candidate's  number), 
wholly  in  the  bottom  margin,  was  disallowed  to 
the  candidate,  but  a  cross  slightly  within  that 
space  was  allowed  to  him. 

All  crosses  opposite  the  words  "  Ballot  Paper," 
which  were  printed  in  the  top  margin,  immediately 
over  all  the  spaces  where  the  crosses  were  wholly 
outside  those  spaces,  were  disallowed,  but  where 
part  of  the  cross  extended  into  the  proper  vote- 
space  for  the  candidate  it  was  allowed. 

A  cross  in  the  top  margin,  but  extending 
slightly  into  the  candidate's  number-space  (i.e.  1), 
was  allowed  to  him. 

A  confused  mark  in  the  proper  vote -space  for 
the  candidate  was  allowed  to  the  candidate  (t). 

(s)  See  also  Exeter  (1911),  6  0.  &  H.  at  p.  228. 
(*)  Ibid,  at  p.  229. 


200  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  A  faint  mark  (not  a  cross)  against  the  can- 
didate's name  was  allowed  to  him. 

A  cross  across  the  dividing  line  between  the 
candidates'  name-spaces,  but  mostly  in  the  upper 
space,  was  allowed  to  the  candidate  whose  name 
was  in  the  upper  space. 

A  cross  across  the  dividing  line  between  the 
spaces  in  the  number  column,  but  mostly  in  the 
upper  space  (i.e.  1),  was  disallowed  to  the  can- 
didate whose  name  was  in  the  upper  space. 

The  whole  of  the  paper  and  print  relating  to 
one  candidate  had  been  torn  off  and  missing,  but 
there  was  a  cross  in  the  proper  vote-space  for  the 
other  candidate — disallowed. 

A  cross  on  the  left-hand  margin  opposite,  but 
wholly  outside  of,  the  candidate's  number-space 
was  allowed  to  him. 

A  cross  on  the  right-hand  margin  opposite,  but 
wholly  outside  of,  the  candidate's  proper  voting- 
space  was  allowed  to  him. 

The  decision  of  the  returning  officer  as  to  any 
question  arising  in  respect  of  any  ballot  paper  is 
final,  subject  to  reversal  on  petition  questioning 
the  election  or  return  («). 

As  to  sub-section  (3)  of  sect.  23. — If  an  Order  in 
Council  is  issued  under  this  sub-section,  it  will 
affect  the  provisions  of  sub-section  (2),  dealt  with 
on  p.  182,  supra. 

As  to  sub-section  (4). — This  sub-section  deals  with 
voting  by  proxy,  which  is  the  second  of  the  two 
methods  provided  in  sect.  23  by  which  absent 
voters  can  vote. 

(u)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  2. 


VOTING  BY  PROXY.  201 

Sub-section  (4)  (a)  provides  that  His  Majesty  sect.  23 
may  by  Order  in  Council  permit  naval  or  military 
voters  to  vote  by  proxy  when  the  locality  abroad 
where  they  are  performing  their  duties  is  so  far 
distant  from  the  United  Kingdom  or  so  incon- 
veniently situated  that  the  method  of  voting 
provided  by  sect.  23  (1),  (2),  (3)  is  impracticable. 
By  Order  in  Council,  dated  June  25th,  1918  (v), 
voting  by  proxy  is  permitted  in  all  areas  on  land 
outside  the  British  Islands  except  areas  in  France 
and  Belgium. 

Sub-section  (4)  (b)  states  the  conditions  upon 
which  an  absent  voter  is  entitled  to  exercise  the 
right  of  voting  by  proxy.  These  conditions  are 
that  he  must  satisfy  the  registration  officer  that 
he  comes  within  the  provisions  of  sub-section 
(4)  (b)  (i)  or  (b)  (ii). 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  words  a  naval  or 
military  voter  in  (4)  (b)  (i),  and  his  right  to  vote, 
see  pp.  79 — 94,  supra. 

As  to  the  word  afloat,  by  sect.  41  (10)  this 
"  shall  be  interpreted  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  (a;)  made  for  the  purpose  by  the  Admi- 
ralty." 

As  to  the  words  in  any  area  on  land  abroad 
in  which  voting  by  proxy  is  permitted  in  pur- 
suance of  an  Order  in  Council  made  under  this 
section,  this  of  course  refers  to  the  areas  men- 
tioned above,  i.e.,  to  all  areas  outside  the  British 
Islands  except  areas  in  France  and  Belgium. 

(v)  Set  out  on  p.  753,  infra. 

(x)  For  these  rules,  see  p.  628,  infra. 


202  KEPKESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  23.  The  persons  described  in  (4)  (b)  (ii)  fall  within 
one  of  the  classes  of  "  naval  or  military  voters  n 
within  the  meaning  of  sect.  5  (3)  (ii)  (a)(#). 

As  to  the  meaning  of  the  words  to  appoint  a 
proxy,  see  the  Third  Schedule  to  the  present  Act, 
clauses  1,  3  and  4,  p.  359,  infra. 

As  to  the  words  to  vote  by  proxy  at  a  par- 
liamentary election  in  accordance  with  and 
subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  see  the 
Third  Schedule  to  the  present  Act,  clauses  5 
to  15,  pp.  360—362,  infra. 

As  to  sub-section  (4)  (c),  a  returning  officer  shall 
not  send  a  ballot  paper  for  the  purpose  of  voting 
by  post  under  sect.  23  (1)  to  any  person  who  has 
appointed  a  proxy  while  the  appointment  is  in 
force,  and  it  provides  further  that  no  such  ballot 
paper  shall  be  sent  to  any  naval  or  military  voter 
if  the  returning  officer  knows  that  he  is  serving 
in  any  area  which  comes  within  sect.  23  (4)  (a), 
whether  such  naval  or  military  voter  has  ap- 
pointed a  proxy  or  not. 

As  to  sub-section  (4)  (d),  the  Third  Schedule 
to  this  Act  is  set  out  on  pp.  359 — 362,  infra. 

As  to  sub-section  (5). — This  sub-section  provides 
that  a  person  whose  name  is  entered  on  the  absent 
voters  list  shall  not  be  entitled  to  vote  except 
under  sect.  23  (1),  (2),  (3),  by  sending  a  ballot 
paper  to  the  returning  officer,  or  under  sect. 
23  (4)  by  proxy;  in  other  words,  a  person  on  the 
absent  voters  list  is  not  allowed  to  vote  by  placing 
the  ballot  paper  in  the  ballot  box  in  the  ordinary 
manner. 

(y]  Set  out  at  pp.  77 — 78,  and  see  pp.  79 — 85,  supra. 


VOTING  BY  EMPLOYEES  OF  RETURNING  OFFICERS. 

There  appears  to  be  nothing  in  the  Act  to  pre  Sect.  23 
vent  a  person  being  placed  on  the  absent  voters 
list  in  respect  of  his  qualification  in  two  or  more 
constituencies  (0).  An  absent  voter  registered  in 
more  than  one  constituency  can  exercise  his  or 
her  right  to  vote  in  each  such  constituency  pro- 
vided that  the  voter  does  not  vote  for  more  con- 
stituencies than  he  or  she  is  entitled  to  vote  for 
under  sect,  8  (!)(«). 

As  to  sub-section  (6). — An  Order  in  Council 
prescribing  forms  and  making  regulations  with 
regard  to  proxy  papers  will  be  found  on  pp. 
754—757,  infraf 


24.  Where  an  elector  for  any  constitu-  voting  by 

.  .  .      persons  in  the 

eney  (other  than  a  university  constituency)  is  employment 

i  •  m  i  of  returning 

employed  by  the  returning  officer  for  that  officers. 
constituency  for  any  purpose  in  connection 
with  an  election  for  that  constituency,  and 
the  circumstances  of  that  elector's  employ- 
ment are,  in  the  opinion  of  the  returning 
officer,  such  as  to  prevent  him  from  voting 
at  the  polling  station  at  which  the  elector 
would  otherwise  be  entitled  to  vote,  the 
returning  officer  may  authorise  the  elector, 
by  a  certificate  given  in  the  prescribed  form, 
to  vote  at  any  other  polling  station  in  the 
constituency,  and  that  polling  station  shall, 
for  the  purpose  of  Rule  18  of  Part  I.  of  the 


(z]  See  pp.  85 — 96,  supra. 

(a]  See  pp.  100—101,  108—110, 


supru. 


204 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


sect  24.  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  be 
deemed  to  be  the  polling  station  allotted  to 
that  elector. 

NOTE. — in  the  opinion  of  the  returning  officer. 

-It  would  appear  that  the  opinion  of  the  return- 
ing officer  would  be  conclusive  on  the  matter  in 
question. 

at  the  polling  station  at  which  the  elector 
would  otherwise  be  entitled  to  vote. — By  Rule  1 5 
of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
u  at  every  polling  place  the  returning  officer  shall 
provide  a  sufficient  number  of  polling  stations  for 
the  accommodation  of  the  electors  entitled  to  vote 
at  such  polling  place,  and  shall  distribute  the 
polling  stations  amongst  those  electors  in  such 
manner  as  he  thinks  most  convenient " 

a  certificate  given  in  the  prescribed  form.— 
By  sect.  41  (11)  •*  prescribed  "  means  prescribed 
by  His  Majesty  by  Order  in  Council.  At  the 
date  of  going  to  press  the  form  of  certificate  here 
mentioned  has  not  been  prescribed. 

that  polling  station  shall  for  the  purpose  of 
Rule  18  of  Part  I.  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the 
Ballot  Act,  1872,  be  deemed  to  be  the  polling 
station  allotted  to  that  elector. — Rule  18  here 
referred  to  is  as  follows: — "  No  person  shall  be 
admitted  to  vote  at  any  polling  station  except 
the  one  allotted  to  him." 


Right  to  the 
use  of 
elementary 
schools. 


25. — (1)  A  candidate  at  a  parliamentary 
election  (other  than  a  university  election) 
shall  be  entitled,  for  the  purpose  of  holding 


USE  OF  SCHOOLS  FOR  PUBLIC  MEETINGS.  205 

a  public  meeting  in  furtherance  of  his  can-  Sect- 25 
didature,  to  the  use  at  reasonable  times  be- 
tween the  receipt  of  a  writ  for  the  election 
and  the  day  of  the  poll,  of  a  suitable  room 
in  any  public  elementary  school  situated 
within  the  constituency  for  which  he  is  a 
candidate : 

Provided  that  this  enactment  shall  not 
authorise  the  use  of  any  room  used  as  part 
of  a  private  dwelling-house  nor  authorise 
any  interference  with  the  school  hours  of  an 
elementary  day  or  evening  school. 

(2)  A  charge  may  be  made  to  cover  any 
actual  and  necessary  expenses  incurred  by 
the  local   education   authority,    or   by   the 
managers  of  the  school,   in  respect  of  the 
preparation  of  the  room  before  the  meeting 
for  the  purposes  of  the  meeting,  and  after 
the   meeting   for    school   purposes,  and  for 
warming,  lighting,  and  cleaning  the  room. 

(3)  If  by  reason  of  the  use  of  any  room 
under  this  Act  any  damage  is  done  to  the 
school-house,  or  to  the  furniture,   fittings, 
or  apparatus,  the  damage  shall  be  defrayed 
by  the  person  by  whom,  or  on  whose  behalf, 
the  meeting  is  convened. 

NOTE. — A  candidate  at  a  parliamentary  elec- 
tion.— It  is  submitted  that  although  the  context 
of  these  words  in  the  above  section  is  different 
to  that  of  the  similar  words  in  sect.  34  (1)  of 


206 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Sect.  25.  the  present  Act,  the  meaning  of  these  words  is 
the  same  as  that  which  they  bear  in  the  latter 
section  (a). 

between  the  receipt  of  a  writ  for  the  election 
and  the  day  of  the  poll.  —  See  pp.  179,  180, 
supra. 

As  to  sub-section  (2),  the  charge  referred  to  must 
be  included  in  the  candidate's  election  expenses. 
See  below. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (3),  the  damage 
shall  be  defrayed  by  the  person  by  whom,  or 
on  whose  behalf,  the  meeting  is  convened,— 
It  is  submitted  that  "  the  person  ...  on  whose 
behalf  .  .  .  the  meeting  is  convened,"  can  only 
mean  the  candidate.  By»sect.  34  (1): — "  A  per- 
son other  than  the  election  agent  of  a  candidate 
shall  not  incur  any  expenses  on  account  of  holding 
public  meetings  .  .  .  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
or  procuring  the  election  of  any  candidate  at  a 
parliamentary  election  unless  he  is  authorised  in 
writing  to  do  so  by  such  election  agent "  ;  and 
by  sect.  34  (3),  "  any  expenses  incurred  on  account 
of  any  such  purpose  as  aforesaid  and  authorised 
by  the  election  agent  of  the  candidate  shall  be 
duly  returned  as  part  of  the  candidate's  election 
expenses."  It  is  submitted,  however,  that  the 
"damage"  mentioned  in  sect.  25  (3)  does  not 
come  within  sect.  34  (3),  and  need  not  be  returned 
as  part  of  the  candidate's  election  expenses  (#),  as 
such  damage  does  not  fall  under  "  expenses 
incurred  on  account  of  ...  such  purpose." 

(a)  See  pp.  269—270,  272—273,  infra. 
($)  See  p.  264,  infra. 


DEPOSIT  BY  CANDIDATES.  207 

As  regards  Scotland,  the  expression  any  public  _Sect.  25. 
elementary   school,    in  sect.  25  of  the  present 
Act,  means  "  any  school  in  receipt  of  a  parlia- 
mentary grant "  (c). 

Sect.  25  does  not  apply  to  Ireland  (d[). 

26. — (1)  A  candidate  at  a  parliamentary  Deposit  by 
election,    or   someone    on   his   behalf,  shall  parHamentary 
deposit,  or  cause  to  be  deposited,  with  the 
returning  officer,  during  the  time  appointed 
for  the  election,  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pounds,   and,  if  he  fails  to  do  so,  he 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  withdrawn  within  the 
provisions  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

(2)  The    deposit    may   be   made    by   the 
deposit    of  any   legal   tender   or,  with  the 
consent  of  the  returning  officer,  in  any  other 
manner. 

(3)  If  after  the  deposit  is  made  the  candi- 
date is  withdrawn  in  pursuance  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  the  deposit 
shall  be  returned  to  the  person  by  whom  the 
deposit  was  made  ;  and  if  the  candidate  dies 
after  the  deposit  is  made,   and  before  the 
poll  is  commenced,  the  deposit,  if  made  by 
him,  shall  be  returned  to  his  legal  personal 
representative,  or,  if  not  made  by  him,  shall 
be   returned  to   the  person  by  whom   the 
deposit  was  made. 

(c)  Sect.  43  (10),  p.  319,  infra. 

(d)  Sect.  44  (10),  pp.  333—334,  infra. 


208  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  26.  NOTE.  — As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  ( 1 ),  during" 
the  time  appointed  for  the  election. — By  rule  4 
of  Part  I.  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872,  u  the  time  appointed  for  the  election  shall  be 
such  two  hours  between  the  hours  of  ten  in  the 
forenoon  and  three  in  the  afternoon  as  may  be 
appointed  by  the  returning  officer,  and  the  re- 
turning officer  shall  attend  during  those  two  hours 
and  for  one  hour  after.'7  The  hours  here  referred 
to  are  hours  of  the  day  which  is  called  in  the 
Ballot  Act  "the  day  of  election,"  i.e.,  the  day 
fixed  for  receiving  nominations  (c). 

shall  be  deemed  to  be  withdrawn  within  the 
provisions  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. — The  pro- 
visions here  referred  to  are  the  following,  con- 
tained in  sect.  1  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872  :— 

"  A  candidate  may,  during  the  time  appointed 
for  the  election,  but  not  afterwards,  withdraw 
from  his  candidature  by  giving  a  notice  to  that 
effect,  signed  by  him,  to  the  returning  officer: 
Provided  that  the  proposer  of  a  candidate  nomi- 
nated in  his  absence  out  of  the  United  Kingdom 
may  withdraw  such  candidate  by  a  written  notice 
signed  by  him  and  delivered  to  the  returning 
officer,  together  with  a  written  declaration  of 
such  absence  of  the  candidate." 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (3),  If  after  the 
deposit  is  made  the  candidate  is  withdrawn  in 
pursuance  of  the  provisions  of  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872. — These  provisions  are  those  set  out  imme- 
diately above. 

(c)  See  Ballot  Act,  1872,  8.  1,  First  Schedule,  Part  I.,  r.  2,  and 
pp.  179—180,  supra. 


FORFEITURE  OF  CANDIDATE'S  DEPOSIT.  209 

It  should  be  observed  that  sect.  26  applies  to  a     Sect-  2Q- 
university  election  ( d). 


27. — (1)  If  a  candidate  who  has  made  Forfeiture  of 
the  required  deposit  is  not  elected,  and  the  certain  easet, 
number  of  votes  polled  by  him  does  not 
exceed,  in  the  case  of  a  constituency  return- 
ing one  or  two  members,  one-eighth  of  the 
total  number  of  votes  polled,  or  in  the  case 
of  a  constituency  returning  more  than  two 
members  one-eighth  of  the  number  of  votes 
polled  divided  by  the  number  of  members  to 
be  elected,  the  amount  deposited  shall  be 
forfeited  to  His  Majesty  ;  but  in  any  other 
case  that  amount  shall  be  returned  to  the 
candidate,  where  the  candidate  is  elected,  as 
soon  as  he  has  taken  the  oath  as  a  member, 
and,  where  the  candidate  is  not  elected,  as 
soon  as  practicable  after  the  result  of  the 
election  is  declared : 

Provided  that  where  a  candidate  is  nomi- 
nated at  a  general  election  in  more  than  one 
constituency  he  shall  in  no  case  recover  his 
deposit  more  than  once,  and  in .  such  case 
the  deposits  shall  be  forfeited  to  His  Majesty 
except  such  one  as  the  Treasury  direct  to 
be  returned  to  the  candidate. 

(2)  For  the  purposes  of  this  section  the 

(d}  See  sect.  36  (2),  p.  279,  infra. 
F.  14 


210  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  27»  number  of  votes  polled  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  the  number  of  ballot  papers  (other  than 
spoilt  ballot  papers)  counted  ;  and  where  the 
election  is  held  under  the  system  of  the 
transferable  vote  the  number  of  votes  polled 
by  a  candidate  shall  be  the  number  of  votes 
polled  by  him  as  first  preferences. 

NOTE. — As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1),  the 
required  deposit. — As  to  this,  see  the  preceding 
section  set  out  on  p.  207,  supra. 

the  amount  deposited  shall  be  forfeited  to  His 
Majesty. — It  should  be  noticed  that  by  sect. 
36  (3)  (c)  the  deposit  of  a  candidate  for  a  uni- 
versity constituency  when  forfeited  is  to  be  re- 
tained by  the  university  (e). 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (2),  the  number 
of  votes  polled  shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  number 
of  ballot  papers  (other  than  spoilt  ballot  papers) 
counted. — As  to  counting  ballot  papers,  see  pp. 
182 — 200,  supra.  As  to  spoilt  ballot  papers,  see 
Ballot  Act,  1872,  First  Schedule,  rule  28,  p.  687, 
infra. 

where  the  election  is  held  under  the  system 
of  the  transferable  vote  the  number  of  votes 
polled  by  a  candidate  shall  be  the  number  of 
votes  polled  by  him  as  first  preferences. — The 
elections  here  referred  to  are  contested  elections 
for  university  constituencies  where  there  are  two 
or  more  members  to  be  elected  (/). 

(«)  See  p.  280,  infra. 

(/)  See  sect.  20  (1),  p.  155,  and  pp.  160—161,  supra. 


RETURNING  OFFICERS.  211 

As  to  "the  system  of  the  transferable  vote"     Sect.  27. 
and  "first  preferences,"  see  pp.  158 — 160,  supra. 

28.    The   returning   officer   at   a   parlia-  Returning 
mentary  election  (other  than  a  university  ° 
election)  shall,  notwithstanding  anything  in 
any  other  Act,  be  : — 

(1)  In  the  case  of  a  parliamentary  county 

which  is  coterminous  with,  or 
wholly  contained  in,  one  adminis- 
trative county,  the  sheriff; 

(2)  In  the  case  of  a  parliamentary  borough 

which  is  coterminous  with,  or 
wholly  contained  in,  a  county  of 
a  city  or  town  having  a  sheriff,  the 
sheriff,  and  in  the  case  of  the  City 
of  London,  the  sheriffs  ; 

(3)  In  the  case  of  a  parliamentary  borough 

which  is  coterminous  with,  or 
wholly  contained  in,  one  municipal 
borough  (not  being  a  county  of  a 
city  or  town  having  a  sheriff),  or 
one  metropolitan  borough,  or  one 
urban  district,  the  mayor  or  chair- 
man of  the  council,  as  the  case 
requires;  and 

(4)  In  any  other  case,  such  sheriff,  mayor, 

or  chairman,  as  may  be  designated 
for    the    purpose    by    the    Local 
Government  Board. 
14(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  28.        NOTE. — (other  than  a  university  election).— 

As  to  the  returning  officer  at  a  university  election, 
see  pp.  364,  373,  infra. 

Returning  By  sect.  43  (13)  (g]  of  the  Act  it  is  provided  that 

Scotland!  sect.  28,  set  out  above,  shall  not  apply  to  Scotland, 
and  that  in  lieu  thereof  the  following  provisions 
shall  apply : — 

"  The  returning  officer  at  parliamentary  elec- 
tions (other  than  a  university  election)  shall  as 
heretofore  be  the  sheriff  of  the  sheriffdom  within 
which  the  constituency  is  wholly  situated  or, 
where  the  constituency  is  situated  in  more  than 
one  sheriffdom,  the  sheriff  specified  in  the  Seventh 
Schedule  to  this  Act "  (h). 

Returning  By  sect.  44  (10)  (i)  of  the  Act,  sect.  28,  set  out 
ireiand.m  above,  does  not  apply  to  Ireland.  In  Ireland, 
therefore,  the  law  as  to  the  persons  who  are  to 
be  returning  officers  remains  the  same  after  the 
passing  of  the  present  Act  as  it  was  before. 
Accordingly  the  following  persons  are  to  be  return- 
ing officers  in  Ireland  : — 

In  a  county,  county  of  a  city,  or  county  of  a 
town,  the  sheriff  for  such  county,  county  of  a  city, 
or  county  of  a  town  is  the  returning  officer.  In 
a  division  of  any  such  county,  or  county  of  city 
or  town,  which  is  a  separate  constituency  (/),  the 
sheriff  of  such  county,  county  of  a  city  or  town 
is  the  returning  officer. 

Where  the  sheriff  is  returning  officer  for  more 

(g)  Set  out  at  pp.  321—322,  infra. 
(7i)  See  p.  391,  -infra. 
(t)  Set  out  at  pp.  333—334,  infra. 
(/)  2  &  3  Will.  4,  c.  45,  s.  66. 


RETURNING  OFFICERS  IN  IRELAND.  213 

than  one  county,  as  defined  for  the  purposes  of  s»ct.  28. 
parliamentary  elections — i.e.,  in  counties  divided 
for  the  purpose  of  parliamentary  representation — 
he  may,  by  writing  under  his  hand,  appoint  a  fit 
person  to  be  his  deputy  for  all  or  any  of  the 
purposes  relating  to  an  election  in  any  such  county, 
arid  may,  by  himself  or  such  deputy,  exercise  any 
powers  and  do  any  things  which  the  returning 
officer  is  authorised  or  required  to  exercise  or  do 
in  relation  to  such  election  (Jc). 

Where  the  sheriff  of  a  county  dies  before  the 
expiration  of  his  year  of  office  or  before  he  is 
lawfully  superseded,  the  under- sheriff  by  him 
appointed  shall  nevertheless  continue  in  office, 
and  shall,  until  another  sheriff  is  appointed  for 
the  said  county  and  has  made  the  declaration  of 
office,  execute  the  office  of  sheriff,  in  the  name 
of  the  deceased  sheriff,  and  be  answerable  for  the 
execution  of  the  said  office  as  the  deceased  sheriff 
would  by  law  have  been  if  living  (I). 

Where  the  sheriff  of  a  county  of  a  city,  or  a 
county  of  a  town,  dies  or  becomes  incapable  of 
performing  the  duties  of  his  office,  the  council  of 
the  said  city  or  town  shall  forthwith  appoint 
another  fit  person  to  execute  the  office  (m). 

In  municipal  boroughs,  other  than  cities  and 
towns  being  counties  of  themselves,  the  mayor  is 
the  returning  officer  (ri). 

(k]  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  8. 

(!)  Sheriffs  Act,  1887,  8.  25  (1). 

(,/?)  Ibid.  s.  36  (1). 

(»)  3  &  4  Viet.  c.  108,  s.  84. 


214 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Sect.  28.  If,  when  a  mayor  is  required  to  act  as  returning' 
officer,  he  is  absent,  or  incapable  of  acting,  or* 
there  is  no  mayor,  the  council  must  forthwith 
choose  an  alderman  to  be  returning  officer  (0). 

In  boroughs  in  which  there  is  no  mayor  and 
which  are  not  counties  of  cities  or  towns,  the 
returning  officer  is  the  sheriff  of  the  county  in 
which  the  whole  or  greatest  part  of  the  borough 
is  situate  (p\ 

Whenever  from  temporary  vacancy  or  some 
other  cause  there  is  no  person  duly  qualified  to 
perform  the  duties  of  returning  officer  for .  a 
borough,  city,  or  town,  the  sheriff  of  the  county 
in  which  such  place  is  situate  is  charged  with  the 
execution  of  the  writ,  and  must  do  all  things 
incidental  to  the  office  of  returning  officer.  He 
must  not  receive  or  execute  any  writ,  however, 
unless  there  shall  be  no  person  legally  qualified 
and  competent  to  act  as  returning  officer  in  such 
borough  (q). 


Payment  of 
returning 
officers' 
expenses  by 
Treasury.  " 


29. — (1)  The  returning  officer  at  a  par- 
liamentary election  (other  than  a  university 
election)  shall  be  entitled  to  his  reasonable 
charges,  not  exceeding  the  sums  specified  in 
the  scale  of  maximum  charges  framed  under 
this  section,  in  respect  of  services  and  ex- 
penses of  the  several  kinds  mentioned  in  the 

(o)  3  &  4  Viet.  c.  108,  s.  84. 

(p)  3  &  4  Viet.  c.  108,  s.  84 ;  22  Viet.  c.  14,  s.  1. 

(?)  25  &  26  Viet.  c.  92,  s.  3. 


PAYMENT  OF  RETURNING  OFFICERS'  EXPENSES.  415 

said  scale  which  have  been  properly  rendered    sect.  29. 
or  incurred  by  him  for  the  purposes  of  or  in 
connexion  with  the  election. 

(2)  The  amount  of  any  such  charges  shall 
be  paid  by  the  Treasury  out  of  moneys  pro- 
vided by  Parliament  on  an  account  being 
submitted  to  the    Treasury   in   accordance 
with  regulations  made  under  this  section ; 
but   the  Treasury  may,   if  they  think   fit, 
before  payment  apply  to  the  court  as  defined 
by  this  section  for  the  taxation  of  the  account, 
and  the  court  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  tax 
the  account  in  such  manner  and  at  such  time 
and  place  as  the  court  thinks  fit,  and  finally 
to   determine  the  amount   payable    to    the 
returning  officer. 

On  the  request  of  the  returning  officer  for 
an  advance  on  account  of  his  charges,  the 
Treasury  may,  if  they  think  fit,  and  on  such 
terms  as  they  think  fit,  make  such  an  ad- 
vance. 

(3)  Where  an  application  is  made  for  the 
taxation  of  a  returning  officer's  account,  the 
returning  officer  may  apply  to  the  court  to 
examine   any  claim   made   by   any   person 
against  him  in  respect  of  matters  charged  in 
the   account ;    and  the  court,   after  notice 
given  to  the  claimant  and  after  giving  him 
an  opportunity  to  be  heard  and  to  tender 


216  KEPKKSENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Of 

sect.  29.  •  any  evidence,  may  allow  or  disallow  or  re- 
duce the  claim  objected  to,  with  or  without 
costs  ;  and  the  determination  of  the  court 
shall  be  final  for  all  purposes  and  as  against 
all  persons. 

(4)  The  Treasury  shall  prescribe  a  scale 
of  maximum  charges  for  the  purposes  of  this 
section  and  may  revise  the  scale  as  and  when 
they  think  fit,  and  may  also  make  regula- 
tions as  to  the  time  when  and  manner  and 
form  in  which  accounts  are  to  be  rendered 
to  them  for  the  purpose  of  the  payment  of 
the  charges. 

(5)  The    court   for   the  purposes  of  this 
section  shall  be,  as  respects  an  election  in 
the  City  of  London,  the  Mayor's  Court ;  and 
elsewhere  in  England  and  in  Ireland  the 
county  court  having  jurisdiction  at  the  place 
of  nomination  for  the  election  to  which  the 
proceedings  relate  ;  and  as  regards  Scotland 
"  the  court  "  shall  mean  the  Auditor  of  the 
Court  of  Session. 

NOTE. — As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1),  The 
returning  officer. — As  to  who  are  to  be  returning 
officers  in  England,  see  the  preceding  section, 
pp.  211—214,  supra,  and  in  Scotland  and  Ireland, 
pp.  212 — 214,  supra. 

It  should  be  observed  that  by  sect.  30  the  pro- 
visions of  sect.  29  apply  equally  to  the  acting 
returning  officer  (r). 

(r)  See  pp.  217—218,  infra. 


ACTING  RETURNING  OFFICERS.  217 

(other  than  a  university  election). — As  to  re-    Sect.  29. 
turning  officer  at  university  elections,  see  pp.  364. 
373,  infra. 

scale  of  maximum  charges. — This  is  the  scale 
referred  to  in  sect.  29  (4).  This  scale  has  not,  up 
to  the  time  of  going  to  press,  been  prescribed. 

properly  rendered  or  incurred  by  him.— Ser- 
vices would  be  properly  rendered  and  expenses 
properly  incurred  by  a  returning  officer  if  they 
were  rendered  or  incurred  in  the  fulfilment  or 
course  of  his  duties  as  returning  officer. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (2),  regulations 
made  under  this  section. — By  sect.  29  (4)  the 
Treasury  is  empowered  to  make  these  regula- 
tions, which  have  not,  however,  up  to  the  time  of 
going  to  press,  been  issued. 

the   Court   as  defined  by  this  section. — See 

sub-section  (5)  of  this  section. 

As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (5),  the  place  of 
nomination. — As  to  this,  see  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
First  Schedule,  rules  1 ,  2,  pp.  682—683,  infra, 
and  sect.  32  of  the  present  Act,  pp.  222 — 223, 
infra. 


30.   Except  as  herein  provided  the  duties  Discharge  of 

.  returning 

oi  returning;  omcer  at  parliamentary  elec-  officers' duties 

•*  by  an  acting 

tions  (other  than  a  university  election)  shall  returning 
be  discharged  by  the  registration  officer  as 
acting  returning  officer,  and  the  acting  re- 
turning  officer  shall  have  all   the   powers, 


218  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  30-  duties,  rights  and  liabilities  of  the  returning 
officer  under  any  enactments  relating  to 
parliamentary  elections,  and  those  enact- 
ments (including  this  Act)  shall  have  effect 
accordingly  and  the  acting  returning  officer 
shall  have  power  to  appoint  deputies. 

This  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  duties 
which  the  returning  officer  reserves  to  him- 
self and  undertakes  to  perform  in  person. 

Any  appointment  of  a  deputy  by  the  acting 
returning  officer  shall  be  subject  to  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Local  Government  Board. 

A  returning  officer  at  a  parliamentary 
election  shall  not,  if  all  his  duties  are  dis- 
charged by  the  acting  returning  officer,  be 
disqualified  by  reason  of  being  returning 
officer  for  being  a  candidate  at  the  election. 

NOTE. — Except  as  herein  provided. — These 
words  refer  to  the  second  paragraph  of  this 
section,  i.e.  to  the  case  where  a  returning  officer 
reserves  to  himself  and  undertakes  to  perform  in 
person  the  duties  of  returning  officer. 

(other  than  a  university  election). — As  to  the 
duties  of  returning  officers  at  university  elections, 
see  pp.  364—371,  373—382,  infra. 

the  registration  officer.— See  pp.  130 — 131, 
supra. 

This  section  shall  not  apply  to  any  duties 
which  the  returning  officer  reserves  to  himself 


RETURNING  AND  ACTING  RETURNING  OFFICERS. 

and  undertakes  to  perform  in  person.— The  effect  sect.  so 
of  these  words  is  to  give  the  returning  officer  the 
right  to  reserve  to  himself  and  undertake  to  per- 
form in  person  all  or  some  of  the  duties  of  a 
returning  officer,  and  in  the  event  of  his  exer- 
cising such  right,  the  provisions  of  this  section  as 
to  the  discharge  of  the  returning  officer's  duties 
by  the  acting  returning  officer  have  no  applica- 
tion to  the  duties  so  reserved. 

A  returning  officer  at  a  parliamentary  elec- 
tion shall  not,  if  all  his  duties  are  discharged 
by  the  acting  returning  officer,  be  disqualified 
by  reason  of  being  returning  officer  for  being  a 
candidate  at  the  election. — These  words  remove 
from  a  returning  officer,  all  of  whose  duties  are 
discharged  by  the  acting  returning  officer,  the 
disqualification  which  previous  to  the  passing  of 
this  Act(w-)  attached  to  a  returning  officer  by 
reason  of  his  office.  These  words  therefore  also 
remove  the  disqualification  which  formerly  at- 
tached to  a  sheriff  from  being  a  candidate  for 
the  county  or  borough  of  which  he  was  sheriff, 
since  this  disqualification  was  the  consequence, 
not  of  his  being  sheriff,  but  returning  officer  (x\ 

Sect.  30  does  not  apply  to  Scotland,  and  in 
lieu  thereof  sect.  43  (13)Q/)  makes  special  pro- 
vision as  to  Scotland. 


(u)  Thetford,  9  Journal,  725 ;    Wal-efidd,  B.  &  Aust.  295. 

(JB)  Rutland  (1601),  Dalton,  332;  CoMs  Case  (1625),  2  White- 
locke,  357;  R.  v.  Owens  (1859),  2  E.  &  E.  91  ;  Tralee,  28  L.  R. 
Ir.  10. 

(y)  See  pp.  321—322,  infra. 


220 


Sect.  30. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Since  sect.  30  does  not  apply  to  Scotland,  the 
existing  disqualification  of  returning  officers  from 
being  candidates  at  parliamentary  elections  (2)  is 
unaffected  as  regards  Scotland. 

Sect.  30  set  out  above  has  no  application  to 
Ireland  (a),  and  therefore,  as  in  the  case  of  Scot- 
land, the  existing  disqualification  of  returning 
officers  from  being  candidates  at  parliamentary 
elections  continues.  See  pp.  212 — 214,  supra,  as 
to  returning  officers  and  deputy  returning  officers 
in  Ireland. 


Division  of         31. — ( 1)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  tKe  council 

constituency  .     '          .  ™  « 

into  polling     whose  clerk  is  the  registration    officer  for 

districts,  and 

appointment    any  constituency  or  by  whom  the  registra- 

of  polling  J  .  *      .  j 

places.  tion  omcer  is  appointed,  as  occasion  requires, 
to  divide  the  constituency  into  polling  dis- 
tricts, and  to  appoint  polling  places  for  the 
polling  districts,  in  such  manner  as  to  give 
to  all  electors  in  the  constituency  such  rea- 
sonable facilities  for  voting  as  are  practicable 
in  the  circumstances  : 

Provided  that,  before  dividing  any  con- 
stituency in  the  administrative  county  of 
London  into  polling  districts,  the  authority 
therefor  shall  send  a  draft  of  any  scheme  for 
that  purpose  to  the  London  County  Council, 
and  shall  take  into  consideration  any  repre- 
sentations made  to  them  by  that  Council. 

(z)  Thttford,  9  Journal,  725  ;    Wakefidd,  B.  &  Aubt.  295. 
(a)  Sect.  44  (10),  pp.  333—334,  infra. 


POLLING  DISTRICTS  AND  POLLING  PLACES. 

(2)  If  a  local  authority,  or  not  less  than    sect.  31. 
thirty  electors,   in   a   constituency  make  a 
representation    to   the    Local    Government 
Board  that  the  polling  districts  or  polling 
places  do  not  meet  the  reasonable  require- 
ments of  the  electors  in  the  constituency,  or 

any  body  of  electors,  the  Local  Government 
Board  shall  consider  the  representation,  and 
may,  if  they  think  fit,  direct  the  council 
whose  duty  it  is  to  divide  the  constituency 
into  polling  districts  to  make  such  altera- 
tions as  the  Board  think  necessary  in  the 
circumstances,  and  if  the  council  fail  to 
make  those  alterations  within  a  month  after 
the  direction  is  given  may  themselves  make 
the  alterations,  and  any  alterations  so  made 
shall  have  effect  as  if  they  had  been  made 
by  the  council. 

In  this  provision  the  expression  "  local 
authority  "  means  as  respects  any  constitu- 
ency the  council  of  any  county,  borough, 
urban  or  rural  district,  or  parish  wholly  or 
partly  situate  in  the  constituency,  or  the 
parish  meeting  of  any  parish  so  situate  where 
there  is  no  parish  council. 

(3)  On  the  exercise  of  any  powers  given 
by  this   section  the  council  by  whom  the 
powers  are  exercised  shall  send  to  the  Local 
Government  Board  a  report,  and  publish  in 
the  constituency  a  notice,  showing  the  boun- 


222  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  31.  daries  of  any  polling  districts  or  the  situa- 
tion of  any  polling  places  constituted  as  a 
result  of  the  exercise  of  the  power. 

(4)  An  election  shall  not  be  questioned  by 
reason  of  any  non-compliance  with  the  pro- 
visions   of  this   section  or   any  informality 
relative  to  polling  districts  or  polling  places. 

(5)  This  section  shall  not  apply  to  uni- 
versity constituencies. 

(6)  Nothing  in  this  section  shall  affect  any 
polling  districts  or  polling  places  constituted 
before  the  passing  of  this  Act  until  occasion 
arises  for  the  exercise  of  the  powers  given 
by  this  section. 

NOTE. — As  to  the  words  in  sub-section  (1),  the 
council  whose  clerk  is  the  registration  officer 
for  any  constituency  or  by  whom  the  registra- 
tion officer  is  appointed,  see  sect.  12  (2)  and  (4), 
pp.  130,  131,  supra. 

In  its  application  to  Scotland,  sect.  31  is  subject 
to  the  provisions  of  sect.  43  (17),  which  is  set  out 
at  p.  323,  infra. 

In  its  application  to  Ireland,  sect.  31  is  to  be 
read  subject  to  the  modifications  enacted  in  sect. 
44  (9)  (a),  (b)  and  (c).  See  pp.  332—333,  infra. 

piace  of  32.  The  place  of  election  shall  be  fixed 

for  each  constituency  (other  than  a  univer- 
sity constituency)  by  the  returning  officer, 
and  shall  be— 

(a)  if  the  constituency  is  a  parliamentary 


ELECTION  EXPENSES.  223 

borough,  or  a  division  of  a  parlia-     sect.  32. 
mentary  borough,  some  place  within 
the  borough  ;  and 

(b)  if  the  constituency  is  a  parliamentary 
county,  or  a  division  of  a  parlia- 
mentary county,  some  place  within 
the  county  or  within  a  parliamen- 
tary borough  adjoining  the  county. 

NOTE. — This  section  does  not  apply  to  Scot- 
land, but  by  sect.  43  (16),  set  out  at  p.  323,  infra, 
the  provisions  of  that  sub-section  are  substituted 
for  sect.  32.  Sect.  32  does  not  apply  to  Ire- 
land (a). 

,r~ 

33. — (1)  The   provisions   set   out  in  the  scaieofeiec- 
Fourth  Schedule  to  this  Act  shall  be  sub-  i 
stituted  for  Part  IV.  and  paragraph  (3)  of 
Part  Y.  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt 
and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883 
(which  relate  to  the  maximum  scale  of  elec- 
tion expenses),  and  that  Act  shall  have  effect 
accordingly.1 

(2)  Any  candidate  at  a  parliamentary 
election2  shall,  subject  to  regulations  of  the 
Postmaster-General,2  be  entitled  to  send,  free 

1  See  pp.  224—264,  infra.         2  See  p.  265,  infra. 


(a)  See  sect.  44  (10),  pp.  333—334,  infra. 


2'24  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  33.  of  any  charge  for  postage,  to  each  registered 
elector  for  the  constituency,  one  postal  com- 
munication containing  matter  relating  to 
the  election  only,  and  not  exceeding  two 
ounces  in  weight : 

Provided  that  a  candidate  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  exercise  the  right  of  free  postage 
conferred  by  this  provision  before  he  is  duly 
nominated,3  unless  he  has  given  such  security 
as  may  be  required  by  the  Postmaster- 
General  for  the  payment  of  postage  in  case 
he  does  not  eventually  become  nominated. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision  candi- 
dates who  are,  under  paragraph  (4)  of 
Part  V.  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt 
and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883,4 
deemed  to  be  joint  candidates  at  an  election 
shall  be  treated  as  a  single  candidate. 

NOTE. — The  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  and 
Illegal  Practices  Act,  1883,  with  the  substitutions 
in  Parts  IV.  and  V.  required  by  sub-sect.  ( 1 ) 
above,  is  as  follows  (the  provisions  set  out  in  the 
Fourth  Schedule  to  this  Act,  which  contain  these 
substitutions,  being  printed  in  italics) : — 

"  PART  I. — PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR 

PAYMENT. 

"(1.)  One  election  agent  and  no  more. 
"  (2.)  In  counties  one  deputy  election  agent  (in 

3  See  pp.  265—269,  infra.  4  See  pp.  229—230,  infra. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR  PAYMENT. 

this  Act  referred  to  as  a  sub-agent)  to  act  within     Sect.  33. 
each  polling  district  and  no  more. 

u(3.)  One  polling  agent  in  each  polling  station 
and  no  more. 

"  (4. )  In  a  borough  one  clerk  and  one  messenger, 
or  if  the  number  of  electors  in  the  borough  exceeds 
five  hundred,  a  number  of  clerks  and  messengers 
not  exceeding  in  number  one  clerk  arid  one  mes- 
senger for  every  complete  five  hundred  electors 
in  the  borough,  and  if  there  is  a  number  of 
electors  over  and  above  any  complete  five  hundred 
or  complete  five  hundreds  of  electors,  then  one 
clerk  and  one  messenger  may  be  employed  for 
such  number,  although  not  amounting  to  a  com- 
plete five  hundred. 

"  (5.)  In  a  county  for  the  central  committee  room 
one  clerk  and  one  messenger,  or  if  the  number  of 
electors  in  the  county  exceeds  five  thousand,  then 
a  number  of  clerks  and  messengers  not  exceeding 
in  number  one  clerk  and  one  messenger  for  every 
complete  five  thousand  electors  in  the  county  ; 
and  if  there  is  a  number  of  electors  over  and  above 
any  complete  five  thousand  or  complete  five  thou- 
sands of  electors,  then  one  clerk  and  one  messenger 
may  be  employed  for  such  number,  although  not 
amounting  to  a  complete  five  thousand. 

"  (6.)  In  a  county  a  number  of  clerks  and  mes- 
sengers not  exceeding  in  number  one  clerk  and 
one  messenger  for  each  polling  district  in  the 
county,  or  where  the  number  of  electors  in  a 
polling  district  exceeds  five  hundred  one  clerk 
and  one  messenger  for  every  complete  five  hundred 
F.  15 


226  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  electors  in  the  polling  district,  and  if  there  is  a 
number  of  electors  over  and  above  any  complete 
five  hundred  or  complete  five  hundreds  of  electors, 
then  one  clerk  and  one  messenger  maybe  employed 
for  such  number,  although  not  amounting  to  a 
complete  five  hundred :  Provided  always,  that  the 
number  of  clerks  and  messengers  so  allowed  in 
any  county  may  be  employed  in  any  polling 
district  where  their  services  may  be  required. 

*  "  (7.)  Any  such  paid  election  agent,  sub-agent, 
polling  agent,  clerk,  and  messenger  may  or  may 
not  be  an  elector,  but  may  not  vote.* 

f  "  (8.)  In  the  case  of  the  boroughs  of  East  Ret- 
ford,  Shoreham,  Cricklade,  Much  Wenlock,  and 
Aylesbury,  the  provisions  of  this  part  of  this 
schedule  shall  apply  as  if  such  borough  were  a 
county,  t 

"PART  II. — LEGAL  EXPENSES  IN  ADDITION  TO 
EXPENSES  UNDER  PART  I. 

J  "  (1 .)  Sums  paid  to  the  returning  officer  for  his 
charges  not  exceeding  the  amount  authorised  by 
the  Act  38  &  39  Viet.  c.  84.  { 

."  (2.)  The  personal  expenses  of  the  candidate. 

"(3.)  The  expenses  of  printing,  the  expenses 

*  This  paragraph  is  repealed  by   sect.    9  (4)  (p.    115,   supra), 
sect.  47  (1)  (p.  337,  infra),  and  the  Eighth  Schedule  (p.  398,  infra) 
ofjjthe  present  Act. 

t  By  virtue  of  the  Redistribution  of  Seats  Act,  1885,  s.  2  and 
First  Schedule,  Part  I.,  these  boroughs  have  ceased  to  exist,  and 
although  that  Act  has  been  repealed  by  the  present  Act,  these 
boroughs  have  not  been  granted  separate  representation  under  the 
redistribution  effected  by  the  present  Act. 

| -£$  This  paragraph  is  repealed  by  the  present  Act.     See  sect.  47  (1 ), 
p.  337,  and  Eighth  Schedule,  p.  398,  infra. 


ELECTION  EXPENSES.  227 

of  advertising,  and  the  expenses  of  publishing,     sect.  33. 
issuing,  and  distributing  addresses  and  notices. 

"(4.)  The  expenses  of  stationery,  messages, 
postage,  and  telegrams. 

"  (5.)  The  expenses  of  holding  public  meetings. 

"(6.)  In  a  borough  the  expenses  of  one  com- 
mittee room,  and  if  the  number  of  electors  in  the 
borough  exceeds  five  hundred  then  of  a  number 
of  committee  rooms  not  exceeding  the  number 
of  one  committee  room  for  every  complete  five 
hundred  electors  in  the  borough,  and  if  there  is 
a  number  of  electors  over  and  above  any  com- 
plete five  hundred  or  complete  five  hundreds  of 
electors,  then  of  one  committee  room  for  such 
number,  although  not  amounting  to  a  complete 
five  hundred. 

"(7.)  In  a  county  the  expenses  of  a  central 
committee  room,  and  in  addition  of  a  number  of 
committee  rooms  not  exceeding  in  number  one 
committee  room  for  each  polling  district  in  the 
county,  and  where  the  number  of  electors  in  a 
polling  district  exceeds  five  hundred  one  addi- 
tional committee  room  may  be  hired  for  every 
complete  five  hundred  electors  in  such  polling 
district  over  and  above  the  first  five  hundred. 

*  . 

"  PART  III. — MAXIMUM  FOR  MISCELLANEOUS 
MATTERS. 

"  Expenses  in  respect  of  miscellaneous  matters 
other  than  those  mentioned  in.  Part  I.  and  Part  II. 
of  this  schedule  not  exceeding  in  the  whole  the 
maximum  amount  of  two  hundred  pounds,  so 

15(2) 


228  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  nevertheless  that  such  expenses  are  not  incurred 
in  respect  of  any  matter  or  in  any  manner  con- 
stituting an  offence  under  this  or  any  other  Act, 
or  in  respect  of  any  matter  or  thing,  payment 
for  which  is  expressly  prohibited  by  this  or  any 
other  Act. 

"PART  IV. — MAXIMUM  SCALE. 
"  The  expenses  mentioned  above  in  Parts  1.,  II. , 
and  III.  of  this  schedule,  other  than  personal  expenses 
and  the  fee,  if  any,  paid  to  the  election  agent  (not 
exceeding  in  the  case  of  a  county  election  seventy-five 
pounds  and  in  the  case  of  a  borough  election  (c)  fifty 
pounds ,  without  reckoning  for  the  purposes  of  that 
limit  any  part  of  the  fee  which  may  have  been  included 
in  the  expenses  first  above  mentioned)  shall  not  exceed 
an  amount  equal — 

in  the  case  of  a  county  election,  to  sevenpence  for 

each  elector  on  the  register  ; 

in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a  borough,  to  fivepence 
for  each  elector  on  the  register  (d). 

"  PART  V. — GENERAL. 

*  "  (1.)  In  the  case  of  the  boroughs  of  East  Ret- 
ford,  Shoreham,  Cricklade,  Much  Wenlock,  and 
Aylesbury,  the  provisions  'of  Parts  II.,  III. 
and  IV.  of  this  schedule  shall  apply  as  if  such 
borough  were  a  county.* 

"(2.)  For  the   purposes  of   this  schedule  the 

(c)  The  words  "borough  election"  would  appear  to  include  an 
election  for  a  university  constituency.     See  p.  281,  infra. 

(d]  These  words  in  italics  are  part  of  the  Fourth  Schedule  to  the 
present  Act,  set  out  at  p.  363,  infra.     See  sect.  33  (1),  p.  223,  supra. 

*  See  footnote  (f )  on  p.  226,  supra. 


ELECTION  EXPENSES. 

number  of  electors  shall  be  taken  according  to     Sect.  33. 
the  enumeration  of  the  electors  in  the  register  of 
electors. 

"  (3.)  Where  there  are  two  or  more  joint  candidates 
at  an  election  the  maximum  amount  of  expenses  men- 
tioned in  Parts  III.  and  IV.  of  this  schedule  shall, 
for  each  of  the  joint  candidates,  be  the  amount  pro- 
duced by  multiplying  a  single  candidates  maximum 
by  one-and-a-half  and  dividing  the  result  by  the  number 
of  joint  candidates  (f). 

"(4.)  Where  the  same  election  agent  is  ap- 
pointed by  or  on  behalf  of  two  or  more  candidates 
at  an  election,  or  where  two  or  more  candidates, 
by  themselves  or  any  agent  or  agents,  hire  or  use 
the  same  committee  rooms  for  such  election,  or 
employ  or  use  the  services  of  the  same  sub-agents, 
clerks,  messengers,  or  polling  agents  at  such  elec- 
tion, or  publish  a  joint  address  or  joint  circular 
or  notice  at  such  election,  those  candidates  shall 
be  deemed  for  the  purposes  of  this  enactment  to 
be  joint  candidates  at  such  election. 
u  Provided  that— 

u  (a)  The  employment  and  use  of  the  same 
committee  room,  sub-agent,  clerk, 
messenger,  or  polling  agent,  if  acci- 
dental or  casual,  or  of  a  trivial  and 
unimportant  character,  shall  not  be 
deemed  of  itself  to  constitute  persons 
joint  candidates. 

"  (b)  Nothing  in  this  enactment  shall  prevent 
candidates  from  ceasing  to  be  joint 
candidates. 

(/)  See  footnote  (d)  on  preceding  page. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  "  (c)  Where  any  excess  of  expenses  above  the 

maximum  allowed  for  one  of  two  or 
more  joint  candidates  has  arisen  owing 
to  his  having  ceased  to  be  a  joint 
candidate,  or  to  his  having  become  a 
joint  candidate  after  having  begun  to 
conduct  his  election  as  a  separate  can- 
didate, and  such  ceasing  or  beginning 
was  in  good  faith,  and  such  excess  is 
not  more  than  under  the  circumstances 
is  reasonable,  and  the  total  expenses 
of  such  candidate  do  not  exceed  the 
maximum  amount  allowed  for  a  sepa- 
rate candidate,  such  excess  shall  be 
deemed  to  have  arisen  from  a  rea- 
sonable cause  within  the  meaning  of 
the  enactments  respecting  the  allow- 
.  ance  by  the  High  Court  or  election 
court  of  an  exception  (/)  from  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act  which  would  other- 
wise make  an  act  an  illegal  practice, 
and  the  candidate  and  his  election 
agent  may  be  relieved  accordingly 
from  the  consequences  of  having  in- 
curred such  excess  of  expenses." 

In  order  to  understand  the  meaning  and  effect 
of  sect.  33  of  the  present  Act  and  the  First 
Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices 
Act,  1883,  as  altered  by  such  section,  it  is  neces- 


(/)  See  sect.  23  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Act,  1883, 
under  which  the  Court  has  power  to  except  an  expenditure  in 
excess  of  the  maximum  from  being  an  illegal  practice. 


ELECTION  EXPENSES.  231 

sary  to  notice  sect.  8  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal    sect.  33. 
Practices  Act,  1883,  which  is  as  follows : — 

"(1.)  Subject  to  such  exception  (g)  as  may  be 
allowed  in  pursuance  of  this  Act,  no  sum  shall  be 
paid  and  no  expense  shall  be  incurred  by  a  can- 
didate at  an  election  or  his  election  agent,  whether 
before,  during,  or  after  an  election,  on  account  of 
or  in  respect  of  the  conduct  or  management  of 
such  election,  in  excess  of  any  maximum  amount 
in  that  behalf  specified  in  the  First  Schedule  to 
this  Act. 

"(2.)  Any  candidate  or  election  agent  who 
knowingly  acts  in  contravention  of  this  section 
shall  be  guilty  of  an  illegal  practice/' 

Sect.  33  of  the  present  Act  deals  with  the  maxi- 
mum amount  which  a  candidate  is  allowed  to 
spend  on  election  expenses  by  referring  to  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Prac- 
tices Act,  1883,  and  incorporating  in  that  Schedule 
certain  new  provisions  in  substitution  for  existing 
provisions  therein.  For  the  sake  of  completeness 
and  clearness  it  may  be  useful  to  deal  generally 
in  the  present  Note  with  the  subject-matter  of 
that  Schedule. 

The  maximum  amount  which  a  candidate  at  a 
parliamentary  election  can  legally  spend  must  be 
calculated  according  to  the  scale  set  forth  in 
Part  IV.  (as  altered  (h)  by  the  present  Act)  of  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883, 
which  is  set  out  on  p.  228  above. 

The  expenses  in  respect  of  which  this  maximum 

(g]  See  sect.  23  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Act,  1883. 
(//)  See  sect.  33  (1)  of  the  present  Act,  p.  223,  supra. 


232  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  38.  amount  can  be  legally  incurred  are  those  men- 
tioned in  Parts  I.,  II.  and  III.(^).  excluding  from 
such  maximum  amount  personal  expenses  (A),  the 
additional  fee  if  any  paid  to  the  election  agent  (i  \ 
and  the  expenses  of  conveying  voters  by  sea  in 
order  to  reach  the  polling  place  if  such  conveyance 
is  necessary  (/). 

It  should  be  remembered  that  the  amount  not 
exceeding  200/.  allowed  under  the  heading  of 
miscellaneous  expenses  in  Part  III.  (k)  of  the  First 
Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  must 
be  reckoned  as  part  of  the  maximum  amount  cal- 
culated according  to  the  scale  in  Part  IV.  (7). 

The  personal  expenses  which  are  allowed  to  be 
excluded  from  the  maximum  amount  are  "  per- 
sonal expenses  incurred  by  him  (the  candidate) 
on  account  of  or  in  connexion  with  or  incidental 
to  (the)  election  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  one 
hundred  pounds  "  (m). 

The  additional  fee,  if  any,  paid  to  the  election 
agent,  apart  from  any  fee  included  in  the  expenses 
mentioned  in  Parts  I.,  II.  and  III.  (g]  of  the  First 
Schedule,  must  not  exceed  in  the  case  of  a  county 
election  75/.,  and  in  the  case  of  a  borough  election 
50/.  (/). 

As  to  Part  I.  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883  (set  out  at  pp.  224—226, 

(</)  Set  out  on  pp.  224 — 228,  supra. 

(A)  Part  H.  (2)  and  Part  IV.  of  First  Schedule  to  Corrupt  Prac- 
tices Act,  1883,  set  out  on  pp.  226  and  228,  supra. 
(t)  Part  IV.,  p.  228,  supra. 
(V )  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  48. 
(k)  Set  out  on  pp.  227—228,  supra. 
(1}  See  Part  IV.  set  out  at  p.  228,  supra, 
(m)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  31  (1) ;  see  also  ibid.  s.  64. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR  PAYMENT.  233 

supra),  u  Persons  legally  employed  for  payment" —  Sect.  33. 
In  addition  to  the  persons  here  referred  to,  a 
candidate  may  legally  employ  any  person  whose 
employment  arises  in  consequence  of  the  candi- 
date incurring  any  of  the  expenses  authorised 
(1)  under  Part  II.  (»>  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the 
Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  unless  such  employ- 
ment is  otherwise  prohibited,  or  (2)  under  sect.  48 
of  that  Act  in  the  conveyance  of  voters  by  sea  in 
the  cases  specified  in  such  section. 

Where  a  county  or  borough  is  divided,  each 
division  is  considered  a  separate  constituency  (0). 

If  the  candidate  employs  any  person  for 
payment  other  than  those  mentioned  above, 
he  is  guilty  of  an  illegal  practice  (j»),  and  if 
elected  his  election  will  be  void  (q).  Further,  on 
summary  conviction  he  is  liable  to  a  fine  of 
100/.  (r),  and  if  reported  guilty  by  an  election 
court  is  incapable  for  seven  years  of  being 
elected  to  or  sitting  in  the  House  of  Commons 
for  the  county  or  borough  within  which  the  illegal 
practice  has  been  committed  (q\  and  in  both 
cases  (q)  he  is  also  incapable  for  five  years  of 
being  registered  as  an  elector,  or  voting  at  any 
parliamentary  election,  or  election  for  a  public 
office  (s),  held  for  or  within  the  county  or  borough 

(«)  Set  out  on  pp.  226—227,  supra. 

(«)  Sect.  37  (1)  (2),  and  sect.  41  (l),pp.  282  and  305  respectively. 

(p)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  21  (2). 

(q)  Ibid.  8.  11. 

(r]  Ibid.  68.  10,  43  (4). 

(s)  Ibid.  s.  64. 


234  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.     within  which  the  illegal  practice  has  been  com- 
mitted. 

Where  a  person  is  primarily  employed  in  one 
capacity  he  is  not  prohibited  from  doing  work  in 
another  capacity,  provided  that  the  employment 
is  not  a  device  for  evading  the  Corrupt  Practices 
Act.  Thus,  in  Elgin  and  Nairn  (t)  it  was  proved 
that  M.  had  been  appointed  one  of  the  respondent's 
polling  agents,  and  had  been  paid  seventeen  guineas 
for  his  services.  M.  was  acquainted  with  most  of 
the  voters  in  the  district,  and  he  admitted  that 
both  on  the  polling  day  and  previous  to  it  he  had 
urged  voters  to  vote.  Counsel  contended  that  M. 
was  substantially  a  sub-agent,  and  that  his  appoint- 
ment was  a  breach  of  sect.  17  of  the  Act  of  1883. 
The  Court  decided  against  this  contention,  and  in 
giving  judgment  Lord  McLaren  said  (u) :  "The 
objection  is,  not  that  the  total  number  of  salaried 
agents  authorised  by  the  statute  was  exceeded, 
but  that  while,  ex  facie  of  the  letters  of  appoint- 
ment, Mr.  Gr.  had  no  more  agents  of  the  various 
classes  than  the  statute  authorised,  yet  the  per- 
sons were  employed  and  paid  nominally  in  one 
capacity,  but  with  the  intention,  arid,  I  suppose, 
under  contract,  that  they  should  render  services 
in  another  capacity.  Now,  the  enactment  that  is 
said  to  have  been  violated  is  sect.  17  of  the  Act 
of  1883,  and  that  section  prohibits  the  engage- 
ment or  the  employment  for  payment  for  any 
purpose  or  in  any  capacity,  except  for  any  pur- 

(0  (1895),  50.  &H.  13,  14. 
(«)  Ibid,  at  pp.  13,  14,  15. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOK  PAYMENT. 


235 


poses  or  capacities  mentioned  in  the  First  and 
Second  Schedules  thereof ;  the  persons  who  may 
be  employed  as  enumerated  in  the  Schedule  are 
an  election  agent,  who  has  the  supervision  of  the 
candidate's  affairs  generally,  and  then  for  each 
district  there  may  be  a  sub-agent,  a  polling  agent, 
a  clerk,  and  a  messenger.  The  duties  of  these 
officers  are  not  very  strictly  defined.  I  do  not 
think  there  is  any  definition  of  the  duties  of  a 
sub-agent,  but  it  sufficiently  appears  that  he  is  a 
person  through  whom  payments  may  be  made  at 
the  request  of  the  principal  agent.  In  all  other 
respects  his  agency  seems  to  be  perfectly  general 
...  a  polling  agent  is  a  person  who  is  to  repre- 
sent a  candidate  in  the  polling  booth  to  detect 
personation.  .  .  .  The  general  and  leading  pur- 
pose, I  think,  of  sect.  17  is  to  keep  down  expen- 
diture by  prohibiting  the  employment  of  a  larger 
number  of  persons  than  are  mentioned  in  the 
Schedule.  It  may  very  well  be  that  the  clause 
would  also  prohibit  the  employment  for  money 
of  an  agent  to  perform  additional  duties  to  those 
which  are  indicated  by  his  name  or  by  his  descrip- 
tion ;  but  in  order  to  invalidate  an  election  because 
an  agent  has  performed  duties  additional  to  those 
for  which  he  is  expressly  engaged,  it  would  be 
necessary,  at  least,  that  we  should  have  a  case 
very  clearly  proved ;  and  it  is  evident  that  it 
would  always  be  extremely  difficult  to  establish 
a  case  of  that  description  of  colourable  employ- 
ment of  a  man  in  one  capacity,  in  order  that  he 
might  perform  duties  in  another  capacity  .  .  . 


Sect.  33. 


236  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  as  I  read  the  Election  Acts,  the  employe  is  in  no 
way  inhibited  from  using  his  personal  exertions 
as  an  elector  to  influence  the  votes  of  other  elec- 
tors ;  nor,  so  far  as  I  see,  is  there  any  restriction 
on  the  right  of  a  paid  agent  or  officer  to  render 
services  to  the  candidate  such  as  he  may  think 
fitting,  except  that  he  cannot  be  employed  in  the 
payment  of  election  expenses  unless  he  is  the 
sub-agent." 

In  Lichfield(x)  Pollock,  B.,  said :  "  It  was  fairly 
admitted  by  counsel  that  some  of  the  persons  who 
were  employed  as  clerks  had  acted  as  canvassers. 
The  question,  therefore,  is  whether  that  was  done 
honestly  or  was  culpable.  It  is  not  because  a 
man,  who  is  employed  to  act  as  a  clerk  for  only 
part  of  the  day,  or  for  some  possibly  trivial  or 
small  matters,  such  as  the  directing  of  envelopes, 
or  what-not ;  it  is  not  because  he  occupies  that 
time  which  is  his  own  that  he  is  to  be  robbed  of 
the  ordinary  right  of  a  citizen  to  go  about  and 
take  an  interest  in  an  election  where  he  cares  for 
the  politics  involved,  and  to  canvass.  The  ques- 
tion, therefore,  in  this  case,  as  in  others,  is :  Was 
there  a  canvassing  either  by  the  direct  direction 
of  the  sitting  member  or  his  agent,  or  by  their 
knowledge,  in  the  sense  that  they  not  merely 
knew  that  there  was  canvassing  done,  in  fact, 
.  .  .  but  that  the  canvassing  was  such  that  the 
fair  assumption  would  be  that  it  was  illegal  ?  As 
to  that  I  entirely  agree  with  the  judgment  in  the 
Elgin  case(^)." 

(x)  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  28,  29.  (//)  Ibid.  p.  13. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR  PAYMENT. 

Where  persons  are  bon&  fide  employed  in  a  Sect  33. 
manner  not  forbidden  by  the  law,  e.g.  to  take  out 
and  deliver  bills,  this  will  not  make  them  mes- 
sengers. On  the  other  hand,  if  their  employ- 
ment in  regard  to  the  bills  is  a  mere  device  to 
evade  the  provisions  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act 
as  to  the  number  of  messengers  who  may  be  em- 
ployed, the  employment  would  be  illegal.  The 
same  observations  apply  to  the  employment  of 
persons  who  are  legally  employed  for  any  pur- 
pose, and  who  happen  to  be  employed  to  do  the 
copying  work.  This  does  not  make  them  clerks 
unless  the  employment  is  colourable,  and  for  the 
purpose  of  evading  the  Act. 

In  the  words  of  Cave,  J.,  in  Pontefract  (#) : 
"  The  number  of  clerks,  that  is  to  say,  the  persons 
who  attend  upon  the  committee,  is  limited.  The 
number  of  messengers  who  are  supposed  to  go  on 
messages  from  one  committee  room  to  another, 
or  to  fetch  a  particular  individual  who  happens  to 
be  wanted,  is  also  limited.  On  the  other  hand, 
mere  clerical  work  has  not  in  every  case  to  be 
done  by  clerks ;  but  obviously,  if  they  have  other 
duties,  you  may  employ  persons  who  give  them- 
selves out  for  doing  clerical  work  to  do  it,  and 
the  mere  fact  that  they  are  employed  to  do 
clerical  work,  writing  addresses,  cbpying  out 
documents,  or  things  of  that  kind,  does  not  at 
all,  in  my  judgment,  necessarily  make  them  clerks ; 
nor  again,  if  other  persons  are  employed  to  take 
out  and  deliver  bills,  does  that  make  them,  in  my 

(z)  (1893),  Day's  Election  Cases,  pp.  129,  130. 


238 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 


Sect.  33. 


Canvassing, 
handbills, 
addresses, 
and  notices. 


judgment,  messengers.  In  both  these  cases,  no 
doubt,  if  there  is  only  colourable  employment  of 
these  people,  if  there  is  an  intention  of  evading 
the  Act,  it  would  bring  the  offender  at  once 
within  its  provisions." 

In  Stepney  Division  (a\  in  the  recriminatory 
case,  it  was  proved  that  about  twenty  men  were 
employed  by  the  petitioner's  agent  to  distribute 
on  the  polling  day  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
polling  stations  handbills,  twelve  inches  long  by 
eight  inches  broad,  headed,  "  Stepney  Election, 
Thursday,  November  26.  From  8  a.m.  to  8  p.m. 
Facts  worth  remembering  at  the  poll."  Then 
followed  six  paragraphs  containing  certain  state- 
ments about  the  qualifications  of  the  petitioner  to 
be  elected,  and  concluding  thus :  "  Mr.  I.  will  be 
the  winning  candidate  if  his  friends  will  poll 
early  and  mark  their  voting  papers  thus."  Then 
followed  a  copy  of  the  ballot  paper  with  the 
respondent's  name  in  very  small  letters,  and  the 
petitioner's  name  in  very  large  letters,  with  a  X 
after  it.  Denman,  J.,  said  that  these  bills  would 
be  most  appropriately  described  as  "  canvassing 
handbills,"  but  the  judges  were  divided  in  opinion 
as  to  whether  it  was  an  illegal  practice  or  expense 
to  distribute  bills  of  this  kind. 

In  B 'arrow-in-  Fur ness  (#),  the  respondent  and  his 
agent  had  incurred  expense  and  employed  people 
in  distributing,  posting,  or  printing  documents, 
which  included  a  letter  written  by  a  distinguished 


(a)  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  52. 
(fe)  Ibid.  76. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR  PAYMENT.  239 

statesman  to  an  alderman  of  the  borough  and  Sect- 33- 
notices  "  Vote  for  Duncan"  ;  and  the  Court,  having 
regard  to  other  parts  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  such  as  sect.  18,  held  that  such  expense 
was  not  illegal,  and  that  such  documents  were 
"  addresses  and  notices  "  under  Part  II.  of  the 
First  Schedule.  The  Court  intimated,  however, 
that  offensive  pictures  and  statements  might  be 
illegal. 

In  Finsbury(c)  counsel  for  the  petitioner  ob-  Billposters. 
jected  to  the  votes  of  two  persons  as  having  been 
employed  by  the  respondent  as  bill-posters.  It 
appeared  that  the  men  carried  on  business  as  bill- 
posters, and  contracted  with  the  respondent  to 
post  bills  on  his  behalf .  Cave,  J.,  said(J):  "If 
the  work  is  of  a  kind,  which  can  be  done  for 
both  parties  it  does  not  disqualify.  These  men 
were  not  engaged  in  an  employment  requiring 
personal  service,  and  which,  therefore,  could  not 
be  rendered  to  both  sides  at  the  same  time.  They 
were  bill-posters,  and  were  not  bound  to  go  and 
post  bills  with  their  own  hands.  They  might  post 
them  themselves  if  they  liked,  or  might  employ 
men,  as  they  in  fact  did,  to  post  them.  It  is  all 
a  question  for  the  contractor  how  he  will  fulfil 
his  contract,  and  he  is  not  bound  to  abstain  from 
posting  the  bills  himself  if  he  likes  to  do  so." 
Vaughan  Williams,  J.,  said(»:  "  ID  30  &  31 
Viet.  c.  102,  s.  11,  the  disqualifying  words  are 

(c)  (1892),  4  0.  &  H.  176. 

(d)  Ibid.  177. 
(«)  Ibid. 


canvassers. 


240  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  i  agent,  canvasser,  clerk,  messenger,  or  other 
like  employment.'  That  means  an  employment 
ejusdem  generis,  and  I  do  not  think  these  gentlemen 
were  employed  in  any  employment  of  that  kind." 
Payment  of  The  payment  of  canvassers  is  an  illegal  pay- 
ment, and  if,  under  the  guise  of  canvassing  for 
registration,  men  are  sent  out  by  the  candidate, 
his  election  agent,  or  sub-agent,  to  canvass  for 
the  election  and  are  paid  for  such  canvassing,  this 
would  be  an  illegal  practice,  which  would  con- 
sequently make  the  election  void(/). 

In  Rochester (g)  Cave,  J.,  said:  u  No  less  than 
300  persons  of  the  lower  class  of  voters  have  been 
employed  going  about  with  what  purports  to  be  a 
canvassing  book,  but  which  appears  to  have  been 
employed  for  registration  purposes.  If  they  were 
all  paid  at  5s.,  as,  admittedly,  the  man  Knight 
was  paid,  if  they  did  no  more  work  than  Knight 
did,  I  should  have  very  little  hesitation  in  coming 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  whole  of  that  employ- 
ment was  collusive,  and  that  that  was  a  case  of 
bribery  on  a  very  extensive  scale.  Fortunately 
for  the  respondent,  that  is  not  the  way  in  which 
it  was  put  before  us  in  the  particulars." 

No  illegal  act  is  committed,  however,  if  there- 
is  only  that  species  of  canvassing  which  is  con- 
nected with  registration,  and  not  that  kind  of 
canvassing  which  attends  upon  an  election  (Ji). 

(/)  Per  Cave,  J.,  in  Stepney  (Borough]  (1892),  Day's  Election 
Cases,  119.  See  also  p.  236,  supra. 

(g)  (1892),  Day's  Election  Cases,  102—103. 

(A)  Per  Cave,  J.,  in  Stepney  (Borough]  (1892),  Day's  Election 
Cases,  119. 


PERSONS  LEGALLY  EMPLOYED  FOR  PAYMENT. 

In  Ipswich  (i)  it  was  held  illegal  to  hire  persons    sect.  33. 
to  keep  order  at  meetings.     On  the  other  hand,  Employment 

.    i  ,  i   •       i  •  i  i  °f  persons  to 

there  can   be  no  objection  to  the  employment  keep  order, 
of  unpaid  volunteers  to  put  down  disturbances, 
and  where  any  serious  disorder  is  apprehended  it 
may  be  a  wise  proceeding  to  swear  in  such  volun- 
teers as  special  constables  "  (£). 

"  If  a  man  were  so  obnoxious  to  his  fellows 
that  they  could  not  resist  the  desire  to  fall  upon 
him  and  do  him  an  injury  whenever  they  met 
him,  even  if  it  were  at  a  public  meeting  at  which 
they  would  otherwise  have  behaved  themselves 
in  an  orderly  manner,  he  would  not  be  guilty  of 
an  illegal  practice  if  he  were  to  pay  men  to 
protect  him  "(7). 

In  Barrow-in-Furness(m}  it  was  proved  that  at  Payment  may 

11,11-  „        be  in  kind. 

a  meeting  summoned  by  the  election  agent  ior 
the  respondent,  at  which  about  400  persons  were 
present,  it  was  agreed,  with  the  sanction  of  the 
respondent  and  the  election  agent,  to  provide 
refreshments  on  the  polling  day,  at  the  expense 
of  the  respondent,  to  441  persons  who  were 
designated  "  workers,"  and  who  were  to  take  an 
active  part  in  the  election  on  behalf  of  the  respon- 
dent. Of  the  persons  who  partook  of  the  re- 
freshment 226  were  voters.  The  refreshments 
consisted  of  a  pork  pie,  a  sandwich,  and  a  cup  of 
coffee  for  each  person,  and  were  distributed  in 
the  various  committee  rooms. 

(i)  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  74. 
(k)  Ibid,  per  Cave,  J. 
(Z)  Ibid.  72,  73. 
(m)  Ibid.  78,  79. 
F.  16 


243  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sectjss.  The  Court  held  that  there  had  been  illegal 
payment  within  the  meaning  of  sect.  IT  of  the 
Corrupt  Practices  Act,  and,  as  the  employment 
was  by  the  respondent  and  his  election  agent, 
that  there  had  been  an  illegal  practice,  and  the 
election  was  therefore  declared  void. 

As  to  Parts  II.  and  III.  (m)  of  the  First  Schedule 
to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  and  the  general 
principles  as  to  what  constitute  election  expenses. — As 
was  indicated  above  (w),  the  First  Schedule  to  the 
Corrupt  arid  Illegal  Practices  Act,  1883,  must  be 
read  with  sect.  8  (o)  of  that  Act.  In  that  section 
occur  the  words,  "  expenses  incurred  on  account 
of  or  in  respect  of  the  conduct  or  management  of 
such  election." 

What,  then,  do  these  words  include  ?  First,  in 
order  to  understand  their  meaning,  it  is  necessary 
to  know  when  the  election  begins  and  when  it 
ends. 

As  to  the  question  When  does  the  election 
begin  ?  the  Courts  have  consistently  refused  to 
lay  down  any  definite  rule  on  the  point.  Each 
case  must  be  considered  with  reference  to  its  par- 
ticular circumstances  (p).  The  Court  will  take  into 
consideration  the  whole  of  the  facts,  the  nature, 
extent,  and  amount  of  the  work  done,  and  of  the 
expenses  incurred  ;  the  question  how  far  the 
operations  of  the  candidate  were  continuous  up 

(ni)  Set  out  on  pp.  226—228,  supra. 

(n)  See  pp.  230—231,  supra. 

(o)  Set  out  at  p.  231,  supra. 

(p)  See  the  observations  of  Lawrance,  J.,  and  Pickford,  J.,  in 
East  Dorset  (1910),  6  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  39,  40,  and  pp.  49,  50,  respec- 
tively. 


WHEN  DOES  THE  ELECTION  BEGIN  ?  243 

to  the  election  or  were  intermittent ;  and,  above     Sect.  38. 
all,  whether  the  evidence  goes  to  show  that  every- 
thing has  been  done  in  good  faith,  or  whether, 
on  the  other  hand,  it  shows  an  attempt  to  evade 
the  Corrupt  Practices  Act. 

"It  is  impossible  to  say  that  only  those  expenses 
are  to  be  returned  which  are  incurred  after  the 
writ  is  issued.  The  time  which  elapses  in  many 
cases  between  the  issue  of  the  writ  and  the  date 
of  the  election  (q)  is  too  short  to  admit  of  the  neces- 
sary preparations  being  made  for  conducting  the  . 
election,  and  it  is  absolutely  essential  that  pre- 
parations of  that  kind  should  be  begun  and 
expenses  should  be  incurred  in  anticipation  of 
the  issue  of  the  writ.  There  is  nothing  in  the 
Act  which  forbids  expenses  being  incurred  before 
the  issue  of  the  writ ;  there  is  nothing  in  the  Act 
which  forbids  the  candidate  to  incur  such  expenses. 
The  Act,  no  doubt,  requires  that  they  should  be 
paid  by  the  election  agent,  and  so  long  as  they 
are  paid  by  the  election  agent  it  does  not  re- 
quire that  they  should  in  all  cases  be  incurred 
by  him"  (r). 

"  For  some  reason,  good  or  bad,"  said  Lord 
Kyllachy  in  Elgin  and  Nairn  (s\  u  the  Legislature 
has  confined  the  enactment  to  expenses  which  can 
be  attributed  to  the  i  conduct  and  management  of 
the  election ' ;  and  these  words,  as  it  seems  to  me, 
at  least  suggest  and  contemplate  an  election,  which 
is  not  in  nubibus,  but  is  reasonably  imminent.  .  .  . 

(q)  See  pp.  179 — 180,  supra.  v 

(r)  Per  Cave,  J.,  in  Rochester  (1892),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  159. 
(«)  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  10,  12. 
16(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  Accordingly,  while  I  think  that  the  Act  indicates 
plainly  enough  the  kind  of  period  which  it  con- 
templates, it  contains  nothing  in  the  shape  of 
hard-and-fast  definition  ;  and,  that  being  so,  I 
apprehend  the  result  is  that  it  is  left  to  us,  as 
election  judges,  and  it  becomes  our  duty,  to  con- 
sider each  case  with  respect  to  its  own  facts,  and 
to  say  in  each  case  whether  or  not  special  circum- 
stances exist  requiring  us  to  hold  that  the  election 
began  prior  to  what  I  may  call  the  normal  period. 
In  considering  that  question  I  apprehend  we  are 
to  have  regard  to  the  whole  facts — the  nature  of 
the  work  done,  and  of  the  expenses  incurred ;  the 
extent  and  amount  of  that  work,  and  of  those 
expenses ;  the  question  how  far  the  operations  of 
the  candidate  were  continuous  up  to  the  election 
or  were  intermittent,  taking  the  shape  merely  of 
periodical  visits  to  the  constituency.  Above  all, 
we  are,  I  apprehend,  to  have  regard  to  this, 
whether  we  have  before  us  evidence  of  any  at- 
tempt to  evade  the  Act — evidence,  for  example, 
of  profuse  expenditure  purposely  antedated,  so  as 
to  escape  the  Act ;  or  whether,  on  the  other  hand, 
everything  appears  to  have  been  done  in  good 
faith,  and  in  ordinary  course,  the  pre-election 
operations  and  pre-election  expenditure  being  on 
the  whole  fair  and  reasonable — that  is  to  say,  fair 
and  reasonable,  having  regard  to  the  position  of 
the  candidate  and  the  character  of  the  con- 
stituency." 

In  the  same  case,  Lord  McLaren  said  (r) : — 
Conduct  or  management  of  such  election ' 

(r)  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  5,  6. 


u  i 


WHEN  DOES  THE  ELECTION  BEGIN  ?  245 

means  a  definite  election  within  the  knowledge  Sec*-  33.^ 
and  contemplation  of  the  parties  who  are  engaged 
in  conducting  and  managing  it.  ...  Again,  there 
may  be  a  case  of  an  unexpected  death  vacancy, 
where  an  election  could  not  be  in  the  thoughts  of 
the  people,  until  the  vacancy  occurred ;  but  there 
may  be  intermediate  cases,  and  the  late  general 
election  sufficiently  illustrates  my  meaning— the 
case  where  there  is  a  vote  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons adverse  to  the  Ministry,  and  where  from  the 
moment  when  that  vote  is  announced  everyone  is 
looking  forward  to  a  dissolution  of  Parliament, 
with  a  view  to  determining  whether  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  day  is  to  continue  to  enjoy  the 
confidence  of  the  country.  1  should  certainly 
hold  that  from  that  time  the  election  had  begun 
in  the  sense  of  the  sections  we  are  considering. 
I  do  not  say  that  it  may  not  be  begun  at  an 
even  earlier  period.  If,  for  example,  a  candidate, 
not  proceeding  upon  any  public  and  patent  facts, 
but  trusting  to  his  own  political  sagacity  and 
looking  round  the  political  horizon,  thinks  that 
an  election  is  imminent,  and  proceeds  to  institute 
what  is  called  a  canvass  of  the  constituency,  which 
he  continues  without  intermission  down  to  the 
election,  it  may  very  well  be  that  in  such  a  case 
his  own  judgment  as  to  when  it  is  necessary  to 
attend  to  his  electoral  interests  shall  be  taken  as 
fixing  the  commencement  of  that  particular  elec- 
tion. I  think  I  have  said  enough  to  indicate  that  , 
in  the  view  of  the  statute  which  I  adopt,  it  is 
impossible  to  lay  down  any  definite  term  or  to 


246  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.jss.  deal  with  this  otherwise  than  as  a  question  of  fact 
in  which  the  general  political  history  of  the  period 
and  the  conduct  of  the  individual  candidate  are 
both  to  be  taken  into  account." 

In  a  subsequent  case,  Pollock,  B.,  said (5),  after 
referring  to  this  judgment: — "I  entirely  agree 
with  Lord  McLaren  when  he  said  that  what  is 
meant  by  an  election  is  a  definite  election  within 
the  knowledge  and  contemplation  of  the  par- 
ties  " 

"I  think,"  said  Hawkins,  J.,  in  Walsall(t), 
"  the  limit  of  time  to  which  we  ought  to  apply 
our  minds  is  a  period  commencing  from  the  time 
when  it  was  first  known  that  the  respondent 
announced  his  intention  to  present  himself  as 
a  candidate  for  election  at  the  next  ensuing 
election." 

"  As  soon  as  a  candidate  begins  to  hold  meet- 
ings in  the  constituency  to  advance  his  candi- 
dature—in other  words,  as  soon  as  he  begins  to 
take  measures  to  promote  the  election — the  elec- 
tion commences.  ...  I  therefore  hold,"  said 
Bruce,  J.,  in  Lichfield(u\  "  that  the  expenses  of 
that  meeting,  and  the  expenses  incurred  after 
that  date  to  promote  Mr.  F.'s  candidature,  were 
election  expenses,  and  that  there  was  a  neglect 
to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  the  statute  in 
not  returning  those  expenses." 


(a)  Lichfield  (1895),  6  0.  &  H.  at  p.  35. 

(0  (1892),  4  O.  &H.  at  p.  125;    approved  by  Pollock,  B.,  in 
Lichfield  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  p.  36. 
(u)  (1895),  5  O.  &  H.  at  pp.  37,  38. 


WHEN  DOES  THE  ELECTION  BEGIN  ?  247 

In  Lancaster  (x),  a  year  later,  Pollock,  B.,  said  : —     Sect.  83. 

"I  must  say,  with  all  who  have  gone  before 
me,  in  giving  judgment  upon  this  point,  the 
statute  does  not  state  when  the  election  begins. 
It  says  many  things  as  to  the  appointment  of  an 
agent  and  the  incurring  of  election  expenses, 
which  might  point,  with  the  words  '  or  manage- 
ment of  the  election,'  to  this  meaning — that  the 
election  did  not  commence  until  there  was  an 
actual  election,  and  an  election  agent  actually 
appointed  ;  but  the  judges  have  not  accepted  that 
construction.  The  judges  have  very  properly  re- 
jected it,  and  they  have  said,  i  We  can  go  behind 
that  and  start  from  an  earlier  date ? ;  but  still  it 
is  entirely  a  matter,  I  will  not  say  of  discretion, 
but  of  sound  judgment,  to  say  how  far  you  may 
go  back.  .  .  .  Now,  I  want  to  say  one  word  about 
the  case  we  had  before  us  the  other  day  at  Lich- 
field,  because  we  found  there  that  the  election 
had  commenced  at  some  period  many  weeks,  at 
any  rate,  before  the  election  itself.  But  we  found 
that  fact  because  a  person  who  was  an  absolute 
stranger  to  the  district,  who  lived  at  a  distance, 
but  who  had  a  considerable  command  of  money, 
commenced  his  connection  with  the  district  by 
sending  forward  an  agent,  by  providing  large 
inordinate  sums  of  money  to  one  or  two  political 
institutions  and  clubs,  by  running  a  newspaper, 
and  more  than  one  newspaper,  at  his  own  expense, 
and  then,  when  that  had  been  so  for  a  certain 
time,  coming  himself  and  saying,  i  I  am  your 

(x)  (1896),  5  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  45,  46. 


248  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  candidate.'  I  hold,  and  I  should  always  hold, 
when  a  man  puts  himself  in  that  position,  although 
it  may  be  some  time  before  the  election,  that  he 
cannot  be  heard  to  say  that  the  election  has  not 
begun." 

In  the  same  case  (y)  Bruce,  J.,  laid  down  the 
law  as  follows  : — 

"  No  definition  and  no  definite  rule  can  be  laid 
down  as  to  the  time  when  an  election  begins. 
The  Legislature  has  not  fixed  any  definite  period, 
and  I  think  it  is  not  for  the  judges  to  attempt  to 
lay  down  a  general  definition  which  the  Legis- 
lature has  carefully  avoided  doing.  I  conceive 
that  Lord  Kyllachy,  in  the  late  Scotch  case,  Elgin 
and  Nairn  (#),  laid  down  the  true  rule  when  he 
said,  *  I  apprehend  that  the  result  is  that  it  is  left 
to  us  as  election  judges,  and  it  becomes  our  duty, 
to  consider  each  case  with  respect  to  its  own  facts, 
and  to  say  in  each*  case  whether  or  not  special  cir- 
cumstances exist  requiring  us  to  hold  that  the 
election  began  prior  to  what  I  may  call  the 
normal  period';  and  so  Lord  McLaren  says,  i  It 
is  im possible  to  lay  down  any  definite  term  or  to 
deal  with  this  otherwise  than  as  a  question  of  fact, 
in  which  the  general  political  history  of  the  period 
and  the  conduct  of  the  individual  candidate  are 
both  to  be  taken  into  account.'  And  so  Haw- 
kins, J.,  in  the  Walsall  case  (a),  '  The  commence- 
ment of  agency  must  be  determined  in  each  case 


(y)  (1896),  5  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  60,  51. 
(«)  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  12. 
(a)  (1892),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  125. 


WHEN  DOES  THE  ELECTION  BEGIN  ?  249 

by  the  particular  circumstances  of  the  case.'  .  .  .  Sect.  33. 
But  the  limit  of  time  is  not  the  only  question  to 
be  considered.  Even  after  a  person  has  become 
a  candidate,  he  is  only  liable  to  return  expenses 
incurred  in  the  conduct  or  management  of  the 
election.  The  question  of  the  time  of  the  com- 
mencement of  the  candidature  is  only  one  element 
to  be  considered." 

In  East  Dorset  (b\  Pickford,  J.,  when  dealing 
with  the  question  of  election  expenses,  said : — 
"  That  depends  upon  when  did  the  election  begin, 
and  what  was  the  nature  of  the  expenses  ?  I 
have  done  my  best  ...  to  find  some  principle 
that  could  be  laid  down ;  but  I  do  not  think  it  is 
possible  to  find  one,  and  I  find  myself  bound  to 
say,  as  the  other  judges  have  said  in  many  other 
cases,  that  we  must  look  to  the  facts  of  the  par- 
ticular case.  When  you  once  get  beyond  what 
was  suggested  by  a  learned  judge  (c),  that  you  must 
look  at  the  date  of  the  issue  of  the  writ  and  the 
appointment  of  the  election  agent — when  you 
once  get  past  that  (and  that  has  been  rejected 
over  and  over  again)  it  must  be  a  question  of  fact 
and  degree  in  every  case." 

"  To  my  mind,"  said  Cave,  J.,  in  Norwich(d\ 
41  there  is  a  great  distinction  between  the  expenses 
of  getting  a  candidate  and  the  expense  of  pro- 
moting his  election  after  you  have  got  him.  If 
the  primary  and  direct  and  real  object  is  to  get  a 
candidate,  I  think  that  the  expenses  incurred  in 

(6)  (1910),  60.  &  H  at  p.  49. 

(c)  See  the  observations  of  Grantham,  J.,  in  Great  Yarmouth 
(1906),  50.  &H.  at  p.  193. 

(d)  Norwich  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  85. 


250 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Sect.  33.  so  doing  are  not  within  the  Act,  although  indi- 
rectly they  may  promote  the  interests  of  the 
party.  If  the  nominal  object  is  to  get  a  candi- 
date, but  the  real  object  is  to  promote  the  election 
of  the  individual  candidate,  then  I  should  say  it 
would  be  within  the  Act." 

In  the  same  case,  Denman,  J.,  said  (d) :  "  Ac- 
cording to  my  view,  these  expenses  for  the  meet- 
ing were  not  really  in  substance  expenses  incurred 
in  the  conduct  or  management  of  that  election  ; 
they  were  expenses  incurred  in  order  to  induce  a 
particular  person  to  become  a  candidate,  and  the 
two  things  are,  in  my  judgment,  totally  distinct. 
I  think,  therefore,  that,  until  the  respondent  had 
consented  to  become  a  candidate,  the  payment 
was  not  a  payment  on  his  behalf." 
Whether  As  to  the  question  whether  the  expenses  of 

expenses  of  .  .  , 

public  meet-  public  meetings  (e)  and  political  lectures  are  elec- 
ticai  lectures"  tion  expenses,  and  therefore  ought  to  be  included  in 
tn^  return,  the  judgment  of  the  Court  in  Hagger- 
ston(f)  showed  that  this  is  a  question  of  fact  which 
must  always  depend  on  the  particular  circum- 
stances of  each  case,  If  the  meeting  in  question 
was  called  with  the  direct  object  of  advancing 
the  election  of  the  candidate,  and  not  merely  for 
the  purpose  of  advancing  political  principles,  then 
the  expenses  of  the  meeting  would  be  election 
expenses. 

(d)  Norwich  (1886),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  86. 

(«)  By  sect,  34  of  the  present  Act  (see  pp.  269—270,  infra], 
expenses  of  public  meetings  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  or  pro- 
curing the  election  of  a  candidate  must  be  authorised  in  writing  by 
the  election  agent  and  returned  as  election  expenses. 

(/)  (1896),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  72. 


EXPENSES  OF  PUBLIC  MEETINGS. 

In  the  case  just  mentioned  (g)  the  election  took  Sect.  S3 
place  on  July  17th,  1895.  The  respondent  ad- 
mitted that  he  became  a  candidate  on  November 
17th,  1892.  The  legal  maximum  of  expenses 
was  £500,  and  the  respondent  returned  an  expen- 
diture of  £319.  Expenses  had  been  incurred 
between  1892  and  the  date  of  the  election  by  the 
Haggerston  Unionist  Council,  of  which  the  re- 
spondent was  president,  in  organising  meetings 
and  lectures,  the  payment  of  officers,  and  pay- 
ments on  account  of  illustrated  almanacs  con- 
taining matter  in  support  of  the  respondent's 
candidature,  pamphlets  containing  his  speeches, 
pledge  cards  and  portrait  cards,  &c.  It  was 
contended  that  these  expenses  were  election  ex- 
penses, and  that  they  would  make  the  respon- 
dent's election  expenses  above  the  legal  maxi- 
mum. 

As  to  the  expense  in  respect  of  the  public 
meetings,  Bruce,  J.(A)>  said  :— 

"  Of  course,  public  meetings  cannot  be  held 
without  expense,  but  in  my  opinion  the  expenses 
of  such  meetings  are  not  election  expenses,  unless 
the  meetings  are  in  some  way  connected  with  the 
election  of  the  candidate.  A  meeting  that  is 
called  for  general  political  purposes  does  not,  I 
think,  become  an  election  meeting,  merely  because 
a  candidate  attends  it,  nor  even  because  some 
allusions  are  made  to  his  candidature.  Every 
meeting  of  any  kind  that  a  candidate  attends  may 

(</)  Ibid,  at  p.  69. 
(h]  Ibid. 


252  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

33.  have  the  effect  of  increasing  his  popularity  and 
making  him  better  known  to  the  electors,  but 
incidental  matters  of  that  kind  do  not  alter  the 
character  as  regards  the  expense  of  the  meetings. 
In  each  case  it  must  be  a  question  of  fact  whether 
the  main  object  of  the  meeting  is  to  promote  the 
election  of  the  candidate.  The  lectures  in  1893, 
about  which  we  have  heard  so  much,  were,  no 
doubt,  of  a  political  character,  but  they  were 
lectures  to  advance  political  principles ;  and  I 
think  it  would  be  most  mischievous  to  hold  that 
the  expenses  of  such  lectures  should  be  regarded 
as  election  expenses.  If  a  candidate  opens  a 
bazaar,  or  lays  a  foundation  stone,  or  takes  the 
chair  at  a  charity  meeting,  he  may  by  so  doing 
indirectly  tend  to  promote  his  election,  but  the 
expenses  attending  such  meetings,  or  the  expenses 
of  the  candidate  attending  them,  are  not  to  be 
considered  as  election  expenses.  The  line  must 
be  drawn  between  meetings  called  with  the  direct 
object  of  advancing  the  election  of  the  candidate 
and  meetings  called  for  another  object,  from 
attendance  at  which  the  candidate  only  derives 
some  indirect  or  remote  advantage." 

In  the  same  case(e')  Wright,  J.,  laid  down  the 
law  as  follows  : — 

"  The  giving  of  lectures  for  what  has  here  been 
called  the  education  of  the  constituency  is  not  at 
all  necessarily  an  expense  on  account  of  the  elec- 
tion, or  an  election  expense.  We  think  it  would 
be  unduly  confining  the  methods  of  political  work 

(t)  Norwich  (1886),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  70. 


EXPENSES  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  PAMPHLETS,  ETC.  253 

and  political  enlightenment  in  this  country,  if  we  Sect.  33. 
were  to  attempt  to  lay  down  any  such  general 
rule  as  that  lectures,  even  though  given  with  a 
view  of  advancing  the  prospects  of  a  particular 
candidate,  are  necessarily  election  expenses  ;  we 
think  that  must  depend  upon  the  circumstances 
in  each  case." 

As  regards  the  other  matters  in  question, 
Wright,  J.,  said(&):- 

"  The  illustrated  almanacs  containing  the 
matters  which  they  did  in  support  of  Mr.  L. 
(the  candidate)  personally,  the  pamphlets  con- 
taining his  speeches,  certainly  the  pledge .  cards, 
and  I  think  the  portrait  cards  and  to  some  extent 
the  boards,  were  all  matters  which  were  expendi- 
ture on  account  of  the  election,  and,  in  so  far  as 
they  ought  in  law  to  have  been  held  to  be  expen- 
diture made  by  Mr.  L.  (the  candidate),  ought  to 
have  been  included  in  his  return." 

In  Great  Yarmouth  (1}  Channell,  J.,  said: — 

"  Now  it  seems  to  me  that  there  are  two  classes 
of  expenditure  which  a  candidate  almost  invari- 
ably does  incur,  and  which  he  begins  to  incur 
from  the  time,  at  any  rate,  when  he  is  announced 
as  a  candidate.  First  of  all  there  is  a  class  of 
expenses  incurred  in  promoting  and  disseminating 
the  political  opinions  of  the  party  to  which  he 
belongs,  and  in  holding  meetings  for  the  purpose 
of  delivering  speeches  upon  this  or  that  subject 
which  the  party  politicians  have  taken  up,  or 

(&)  Ibid. 

(1}  (1906),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  189. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  which  they  take  up  in  answer  to  what  their 
opponents  are  taking  up.  Expenses  must  be  in- 
curred in  that  way  by  an  intending  candidate, 
and  a  candidate  who  comes  down  and  makes 
speeches  in  support  of  what  are  supposed  to  be 
the  principles  of  his  party  is  incurring  expenses 
and  incurring  those  expenses  with  reference  to 
his  future  election,  because  he  hopes  if  he  can 
establish  the  principles  of  his  party  to  be  in  a 
majority  in  the  constituency,  so  that  when  he 
comes  to  be  the  actual  candidate  he  will  get 
elected,  and  so  of  course  he  is  doing  it  with 
reference  to  his  own  position  as  candidate,  and 
in  reference  to  his  own  election.  But  in  my 
opinion  those  expenses,  if  they  can  be  identified 
as  being  in  reference  to  the  political  views  of  his 
party,  are  not  expenses  '  in  respect  of  the  conduct 
and  management  of  his  election.' ' 

Expenses  of         In  the  case  last  cited  Channell,  J.,  after  dealing 
oonstitu-g    3  with  the  class  of  expenses  referred  to  in  the  passage 
quoted  above,  said(m): — 

"  Then  there  is  another  class  of  expenses  which 
is  much  more  doubtful  but  which  always  occurs, 
and  that  is  this,  the  expenses  which  a  candidate 
incurs  for  the  purpose  of  making  himself  personally 
popular.  There  is  an  expression  which  is  some- 
times used  in  these  cases — and  one  has  to  use  the 
slang  expressions  in  these  cases  —  and  that  is 
'  nursing  a  constituency.'  Now  that  class  of 
expenses  is  not,  I  think,  necessarily  part  of  the 
conduct  and  management  of  an  election.  You 

(m)  (1906),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  190. 


EXPENSES  OF  NURSING  CONSTITUENCY. 

have  to  look  carefully  at  each  expense  to  see  Sect.  33. 
whether  it  is  identified  with  the  particular  election 
in  prospect,  but  speaking  generally,  expenses  of 
that  character  would  not  in  my  opinion  come 
within  i  expenses  in  respect  of  the  conduct  and 
management  of  the  election,'  which  have  to  be 
paid  through  the  election  agent,  and  which  have 
to  be  kept  within  a  definite  maximum.  At  the 
same  time  it  is  obvious  that  the  very  things  which 
are  done  for  the  purpose  of  what  I  referred  to  as 
1  nursing  the  constituency/  or  for  promoting  the 
personal  popularity  of  the  candidate,  would  require 
very  careful  consideration  as  to  whether  or  not 
they  come  within  the  corrupt  practices,  either  of 
bribing  or  treating.  Now  it  is  in  that  light  that 
we  have  to  consider  the  matters  charged  here, 
and  we  commence  with  the  various  meetings, 
which  were  mostly,  but  not  entirely,  ward  meet- 
ings. For  the  reasons  I  have  already  given  I 
do  not  think  that  the  expenses  of  those  meetings 
would  be  expenses  in  the  conduct  and  manage- 
ment of  the  election.  They  no  doubt  had  a  slight 
bearing  upon  it,  for  Mr.  F.  (the  candidate)  came 
to  address  the  meetings  upon  political  subjects, 
but  so  far  as  they  were  t  political '  meetings  they 
do  not  come  within  the  section.  So  far  as  they 
were  municipal  meetings  of  course  they  do  not 
do  so  either,  therefore  I  do  not  think  they  were 
election  expenses." 

In  St.  George's  (n)  a  question  arose  as  to  whether  Expenses  of 

«        .  .  ...          committee 

the  expenses  01  using  a  certain  room  as  a  committee  room. 

(?i)  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  114. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  33.  room  should  be  included  under  the  head  of  election 
expenses.  It  was  proved  that  the  petitioner  had 
taken  a  house  in  the  constituency.  He  had  built 
at  the  further  end  of  the  yard  a  room  which  he 
had  furnished  as  a  club  room,  and  which  he  had 
allowed  the  Radical  Association  to  use  as  a  club 
for  its  meetings,  and  during-  the  election  it  was 
used  as  a  committee  room.  The  petitioner  paid 
all  the  expenses  in  connection  with  the  room,  and 
did  not  include  any  of  them  in  his  return  of  his 
election  expenses.  In  giving  judgment,  Pollock, 
B.,  said  (o) : — 

"  When  an  election  is  taking  place  there  must 
be  a  committee  room  somewhere,  and  that  com- 
mittee room  must  be  hired  unless  the  candidate 
carries  it  on  in  his  own  house,  and  there  must  be 
the  expenses  of  the  rent,  coals,  gas,  cleaning,  and 
so  forth,  and,  but  for  this  club  room,  they  must 
have  gone  elsewhere ;  it  was  found  more  con- 
venient to  have  this  club  room,  but  the  people 
who  inhabited  it  were  the  people  who  were 
workers  for  the  election :  therefore  it  seems  to 
me  that  these  were  election  expenses.  The  de- 
cision in  this  case  is  important,  because  it  is  just 
one  of  those  little  things  that,  until  the  law  is 
known,  may  prove  a  source  of  difficulty  in  the 
minds  of  persons  who  are  not  acquainted  with 
the  law,  and  it  is  as  well  that  they  should  know 
in  the  future  that,  unless  they  make  a  return  of 
such  expenses,  they  are  guilty  of  a  breach  of  the 
Act  of  Parliament.'7 

(o)  (1895),  50.  &H.  at  p.  115. 


REGISTRATION  EXPENSES.  257 

Willes,  J.,  in  dealing  with  the  question  of  regis-     Sect  33. 
tration  expenses  under  the  old  statute  (Corrupt  Registration 
Practices  Act,  1863,  s.  4)  in  1869  in  Penryn(p),  note?e&tioie 
went  no  further  than  to  say : — "  These  are  ex-  e 
penses  which  could  not,  as  1  read  the  Act,  probably 
come  into  a  properly  framed  account,  though  I 
should  not  like  to  advise  anyone  to  leave  them 
out  who  was  anxious  to  avoid  the  penalties  of  not 
accounting." 

In  more  recent  years,  however,  the  Court  has 
held  that  such  expenses  may  be  lawfully  paid. 
But  if  the  candidate  does  expend  money  in  this 
way,  he  should  be  careful  to  do  it  in  such  a  way 
that  it  cannot  be  suggested  against  him  that  it 
was  really  a  payment  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
moting his  election. 

"  It  seems  to  me,"  said  Vaughan  Williams,  J., 
in  Stepney  (q\  "  that  although  registration  ex- 
penses may  lawfully  be  paid  for  by  the  candi- 
date, the  candidate  is  doing  a  very  imprudent 
and  unwise  thing,  if  he  chooses  to  pay  those 
expenses  by  way  of  a  subscription  to  an  associa- 
tion like  this  Stepney  Conservative  Association. 
It  did  not  confine  its  operations  to  registration. 
.  .  .  They  concerned  themselves  with  all  sorts 
of  matters  other  than  registration." 

In  the  same  case  Cave,  J.,  said(r):  "  Unless 
an  election  agent  can  make  it  quite  clear  that  he 
has  not  been  doing  election  work  under  the  guise 
of  registration  work,  he  must  not  be  surprised, 

(p)  (1869),  1  O.  &H.  at  p.  132. 
(q)  (1892),  Day's  Election  Cases,  at  p.  123. 
(r)  Ibid,  at  p.  118. 
F.  17 


258  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  38.  when  his  accounts  are  brought  before  the  election 
court,  if  the  judges  take  the  view  that  he  has 
been  purposely  muddling  the  two  accounts  up 
together,  in  order  that  he  may  escape  from  the 
fetters  of  the  Act  of  Parliament.'7 

Moneys  paid  In  Kennington  (s)  it  was  proved  that  the  re- 
spondent,  who  was  accepted  as  a  candidate  for 
tne  constituency  about  eight  months  before  the 


a-nhiinpub"  electi°n>  paid  almost  all  the  expenses  connected 
newspaper  are  with  improving  the  registration  of  the  borough 
expenses.  in  the  interest  of  himself  and  his  party,  the 
amount  being  145/.  It  was  also  proved  that  in 
August,  three  months  before  the  election,  the  re- 
spondent started  a  newspaper  called  the  South 
London  Standard,  which  advocated  his  own  poli- 
tical views.  The  paper  was  discontinued  in 
January  as  it  did  not  pay.  The  respondent  paid 
500/.  in  respect  of  this  paper,  and  it  was  argued 
on  behalf  of  the  petitioner  that  these  sums  of 
145/.  and  500/.  were  in  reality  expenses  incurred 
"  in  the  conduct  and  management  of  the  election." 
In  giving  judgment  for  the  respondent,  Field,  J., 
said(^):  "  The  legislature  leaves  to  the  different 
parties  in  the  country  to  follow  their  own  in- 
terests in  ascertaining,  and  inducing  a  revising 
barrister  (w)  to  say,  who  are  and  who  are  not 
qualified  to  vote,  and  I  must  confess  that  merely 

(s}  (1886),  4  0.  &  H.  at  pp.  93,  94. 

(*)  Ibid,  at  p.  94. 

(w)  It  is  submitted  that  the  principle  here  laid  down  as  to  expen- 
diture in  improving  the  registration  of  the  constituency  would  be 
held  applicable  under  the  present  Act,  substituting,  of  course, 
"a  registration  officer"  for  "a  revising  barrister." 


EXPENSES  OF  CONVERSAZIONE.  250 

because  a  person,  who  is  a  candidate,  looks  after  Sect.  33. 
his  interests  to  ascertain  that  no  persons  but  those 
who  are  favourable  to  him  are  upon  the  register 
and  are  qualified  to  be  upon  the  register,  I  am  quite 
unable  to  come  to  the  conclusion  that  that  is  an 
expense  on  account  of  the  election,  or  on  account 
of  the  conduct  or  management  of  the  election. 
It  is  simply  a  question  for  me  as  a  juryman  to 
decide,  and  in  this  case  I  shall  certainly  come  to 
that  conclusion.  The  same  observations  apply  to 
the  South  London  Standard.  I  have  no  doubt  what- 
ever that  the  respondent  would  not  have  published 
this  paper  at  all,  unless  he  had  thought  it  would 
assist  him.  Whether  he  thought  it  would  be  a 
good  speculation  pecuniarily,  I  do  not  know,  but 
the  question  is  whether  it  is  an  expense  of  con- 
ducting or  managing  the  election.  It  is  not  for 
me  to  say  what  difficulties  might  arise  if  we  were 
to  hold  that.  I  have  simply  to  decide  whether 
the  case  falls  within  the  language  and  spirit  and 
intention  of  the  Act,  and  I  am  very  clearly  of 
opinion  that  in  neither  of  these  cases  was  the 
respondent  guilty  of  an  illegal  practice  (#)." 

In  Rochester  (y)  the  respondent  had  paid  for  Expenses 
certain  expenses  in  connection  with  a  conver- 
sazione  given  by  the  Constitutional  Association 
of  the  borough,  and  the  question  for  the  Court 
was,  inter  alia,  whether  these  expenses  were  elec- 
tion expenses^  and  therefore  expenses  which  ought 
to  have  been  included  in  the  return.  The  facts 

(x)  (1886),  4  0.   &  H.  94,  95;  referred  to  with  approval  by 
Pollock,  B,,  in  Lichfidd  (1895),  5  0.  &  H.  33,  34. 
(.y)  (1892),  4  0.  &  H.  158. 

17(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  were  as  follows : — In  May,  1892,  it  was  suggested 
to  the  respondent  by  the  Constitutional  Associa- 
tion that  it  would  be  desirable  to  give  a  conversa- 
zione. The  respondent  assented ;  a  conversazione 
was  held  on  May  4th  and  5th,  refreshments  were 
provided  at  a  nominal  price,  arid  the  extra  ex- 
penses were  borne  by  the  Association.  The  elec- 
tion took  place  two  months  later,  on  July  4th, 
1892,  and  none  of  these  expenses  were  returned 
in  the  respondent's  return  of  expenses.  In  the 
result  the  Court  held  the  election  void  on  the 
ground  of  corrupt  treating  and  illegal  practices 
by  the  respondent's  agents: 

Cave,  J.,  said  (2): — "  With  reference  to  the 
conversazione,  looking  at  the  time  at  which  it  was 
held,  and  that  it  was  the  obvious  intention  of  those 
who  took  part  in  it  to  promote  the  return  of  the 
respondent,  it  seems  to  me  that,  if  it  had  been 
innocent  throughout,  nevertheless  it  must  neces- 
sarily have  been  returned  as  a  portion  of  the 
election  expenses  of  the  candidate." 

Expense  It   is   sometimes   a   difficult    question    to    say 

i>y  associa-  whether  expense  incurred  by  an  association  or 
tion,  &c.  individual  which  undoubtedly  is  an  assistance  to 
the  candidate  is  or  is  not  an  election  expense. 
The  test  appears  to  be  this  :  Was  the  expense  in- 
curred by  the  association  or  individual  an  expense 
incurred  for  their  own  ends  and  their  own  pur- 
poses, or  was  it  one  of  the  ordinary  expenses  of 
the  candidate  ?  In  the  former  case  it  would  not 
be,  in  the  latter  it  would  be,  an  election  expense. 

CO  (1892),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  159. 


EXPENSES  INCURRED  BY  ASSOCIATION. 

This  question  arose  in  Stepney  (a)  in  regard  to  Sect.  33. 
payments  made  by  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  As- 
sociation, and  again  in  CocJcermouth  (b)  in  regard 
to  the  expenses  of  a  tea  meeting  given  by  the 
Liberal  Unionist  Association.  In  both  cases 
the  payments  in  question  were  held  not  to  be 
election  expenses.  In  the  former  Cave,  J., 
said  (a) : — "  With  regard  to  the  Licensed  Victual- 
lers' Association,  I  see  no  ground  at  all  for  saying 
that  those  were  election  expenses.  They  appear 
to  have  been  expenses  incurred  by  them  for  their 
own  purposes.  No  doubt  they  were  desirous  to 
assist  Mr.  Isaacson,  whom  they  preferred  as  a 
candidate  to  Mr.  Thompson,  but  it  does  not  follow 
that  because  they  were  desirous  of  doing  that, 
every  expense  that  they  chose  to  run  into  would 
become  an  election  expense.  They  may  have 
made  themselves  agents  for  Mr.  Isaacson,  so  that 
any  corrupt  practice  traced  to  them  might  unseat 
him ;  I  do  not  say  that  it  would,  because  it  has 
not  been  necessary  for  us  to  direct  our  attention 
specifically  to  that  point ;  but  it  does  not  follow 
that,  because  that  is  so,  every  expense  that  they 
resort  to  thereby  becomes  an  election  expense 
which  must  be  paid  by  Mr.  Isaacson.  If  that 
were  so,  the  fate  of  a  candidate  would  be  very 
deplorable.  He  would  have  no  control  over  per- 
sons who  chose  to  say  that  they  were  acting  in 
his  interest  and  for  his  benefit,  and  would  be 
compelled  to  pay  every  expense  that  they  might 

(a)  (1892),  Day's  Election  Cases,  at  pp.  118,  119. 
(&)  (1901),  5  0.  &  H.  at  p.  156. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  think  fit  to  incur.  No  such  liability  exists,  and  I 
do  not  think  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  case  was 
one  in  which  it  can  be  said  that  the  expenses  were 
expenses  of  conducting  the  election,  and  not  ex- 
penses rather  incurred  by  the  association  for  their 
own  ends,  and  for  their  own  purposes,  quite  dis- 
tinct from  Mr.  Isaacson's  election,  although  un- 
doubtedly his  election  was  one  of  the  things  which 
they  were  anxious  to  secure." 

In  Cocker  mouth,  Channell,  J.,  said(c):— 
"  The  difference  between  an  act  done  in  the 
conduct  and  management  of  the  election  and  a 
thing  done  merely  for  the  promotion  of  the  success 
of  a  particular  candidate  seems  to  me  to  be  this : 
if  another  person  pays  an  expense  and  that  ex- 
pense is  one  of  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the 
candidate,  so  that  the  doing  of  that  by  the  third 
person  relieves  the  candidate  from  part  of  his 
election  expenses,  then  the  candidate  must  treat 
that  assistance  as  given  to  him  in  respect  of  his 
election  expenses,  and  must  treat  the  expenses  as 
part  of  his  expenses  ...  if  he,  being  merely  a 
person  interested  for  some  reason,  as  a  Liberal 
Unionist,  or  any  other  reason,  in  the  success  of  a 
particular  candidate,  chooses  to  do  things  on  his 
own  account,  which  do  not  go  to  relieve  the  can- 
didate from  any  portion  of  his  election  expenses, 
that  is  not  doing  anything  in  reference  to  '  the 
conduct  or  management  of  the  election.'  .  .  ." 
Expenses  of  As  to  the  expenses  of  printing  and  advertising, 
and  of  and  the  expenses  of  publishing,  issuing  and  dis- 

addresses,  &c. 

(c)  (1901),  5O.  &H.  at  p.  156. 


EXPENSES  OF  PUBLIC  MEETINGS,  ADVERTISEMENTS,  ETC.  263 

tributing   addresses  and  notices,  referred   to   in     sect.  33. 
Part  II.  (3)  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883  (d\  it  was  held  in  Barrow-in- 
Furness  (e)  that  addresses  and  notices  cover  bills. 

In  the  case  of  the  expenses  last  mentioned,  as 
well  as  those  of  stationery,  messages,  postage  and 
telegrams,  and  of  holding  meetings,  referred  to 
on  p.  227,  supra,  it  should  be  observed  that  by 
sect.  34  of  the  present  Act : — 

"(1)  A  person  other  than  the  election  agent 
of  a  candidate  shall  not  incur  any  expenses  on 
account  of  holding  public  meetings  or  issuing 
advertisements,  circulars  or  publications  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election 
of  any  candidate  at  a  parliamentary  election, 
unless  he  is  authorised  in  writing  to  do  so  by 
such  election  agent, 

.  u  (2)  If  any  person  acts  in  contravention  of 
this  section,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  corrupt  prac- 
tice other  than  personation  (/)  within  the  mean- 
ing of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention 
Act,  1883,  and  the  expression  l  corrupt  practice7 
shall  be  construed  accordingly  :  % 

"  Provided  that  the  court  before  whom  a  person 
is  convicted  under  this  section  may,  if  they  think 
it  just  in  the  special  circumstances  of  the  case, 
mitigate  or  entirely  remit  any  incapacity  imposed 
by  section  six  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices 
Prevention  Act,  1883. 

(d]  See  pp.  226—227,  supra. 

(e)  (1886),  4  O.  &  II.  78 ;  of.  Stepney,  ibid.  52,  54,  55,  where  the 
members  of  the  Court  differed  on  this  question. 

(/)  See  pp.  274—276,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

S^  "  (3)  Any  expenses  incurred  on  account  of  any 
such  purpose  as  aforesaid  and  authorised  by  the 
election  agent  of  the  candidate  shall  be  duly 
returned  as  part  of  the  candidate's  election 
expenses." 

As  to  the  effect  of  these  provisions,  see  pp.  270 
—277,  infra. 

Return  of  The  election  agent  of  every  candidate  must, 

expenses.  within  thirty-five  days  after  the  result  of  the 
election  is  declared,  transmit  to  the  returning 
officer  a  true  return  of  election  expenses  (g).  This 
return  must  be  in  the  form  contained  in  the 
Second  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  or  in  a  similar  form(^),  and  must  be  accom- 
panied by  a  declaration  made  by  the  election 
agent  before  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  the  form 
required  by  that  Act  (h). 

At  the  same  time  that  the  election  agent  trans- 
mits the  return  or  within  seven  days  afterwards, 
the  candidate  must  transmit  to  the  returning 
officer  a  declaration  made  by  him  before  a 
justice  of  the  peace  verifying  his  election  agent's 
return  (*'). 

As  to  sub-sect.  (2)  of  sect.  33.  This  sub-section 
is  as  follows  : — 

Any  candidate  at  a  parliamentary  election 
shall,  subject  to  regulations  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  be  entitled  to  send,  free  of  any  charge 


g}  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1SS3,  8.  33  (1). 
(h}  Ibid.  s.  33  (2). 
i)  Ibid.  s.  33  (4)- 


NOMINATION  OF  CANDIDATE.  265 

for  postage,  to  each  registered  elector  for  the    Sect  33 
constituency,  one   postal   communication  con- 
taining matter  relating  to  the  election  only,  and 
not  exceeding  two  ounces  in  weight : 

Provided  that  a  candidate  shall  not  be  entitled 
to  exercise  the  right  of  free  postage  conferred  by 
this  provision  before  he  is  duly  nominated,  unless 
he  has  given  such  security  as  may  be  required 
by  the  Postmaster-General  for  the  payment  of 
postage  in  case  he  does  not  eventually  become 
nominated. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  provision  candidates 
who  are  under  paragraph  (4)  of  Part  V.  of  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Prac- 
tices Prevention  Act,  1883  (j)9  deemed  to  be  joint 
candidates  at  an  election  shall  be  treated  as  a 
single  candidate. 

Any  candidate  at  a  parliamentary  election.— 
As  to  the  meaning  of  these  words,  see  pp.  272 — 
273,  infra. 

subject  to  regulations  of  the  Postmaster- 
General, — These  have  not  at  the  date  of  pub- 
lication been  issued. 

before  he  is  duly  nominated. — With  regard 
to  a  candidate  for  election  to  serve  in  Parliament 
for  a  county  or  borough,  the  law  as  to  nomination 
is  as  follows  : — 

He  must  be  nominated  in  writing(^).  The 
writing  must  be  subscribed  by  two  registered 
electors  of  such  county  or  borough  as  proposer 
and  seconder,  and  by  eight  other  registered  elec- 

(j)  The  paragraph  here  referred  to  is  set  out  on  pp.  229 — 230, 
supra. 

(A-)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  1. 


266  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  tors  of  the  same  county  or  borough  as  assenting 
to  the  nomination,  and  must  be  delivered  during 
the  time  appointed  for  the  election  to  the  return- 
ing officer  by  the  candidate  himself,  or  his  pro- 
poser or  seconder  (/). 

Each  candidate  must  be  nominated  by  a  sepa- 
rate nomination  paper,  but  the  same  electors  or 
any  of  them  may  subscribe  as  many  nomination 
papers  as  there  are  vacancies  to  be  filled,  but  110 
in  ore  (m). 

The  nomination  paper  must  be  fully  filled  in 
before  it  is  subscribed  by  anyone  (n). 

Where  there  were  four  vacancies  to  be  filled, 
and  an  elector  subscribed  four  nomination  papers, 
which  were  duly  delivered  to  the  returning  officer, 
and  then  a  fifth,  which  was  also  duly  delivered  to 
him,  the  court  held  that  the  first  four  nomination 
papers  were  valid,  but  that  the  fifth  was  not  (o). 

Each  candidate  must  be  described  in  the  nomi- 
nation paper  in  such  manner  as  in  the  opinion  of 
the  returning  officer  is  calculated  sufficiently  to 
identify  such  candidate ;  the  description  must 
include  his  names,  his  abode,  and  his  rank,  pro- 
fession, or  calling,  and  his  surname  must  come 
first  in  the  list  of  his  names  (p).  No  objection  to 

(I)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  1.  See  also  Monks  v.  Jackson  (1876),  1 
C.  P.  D.  683,  where  it  was  held  that  a  nomination  paper  delivered 
by  a  person  who  was  not  the  candidate,  nor  his  proposer,  nor 
seconder,  was  void. 

(m)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  Part  I.,  r.  5. 

(»)  Htrmon  v.  Park  (1881),  7  Q.  B.  D.  369 ;  Cox  v.  Dairies,  [1898] 
2  Q.  B.  202. 

(o)  Burgoyne  v.  Collins  (1882),  8  Q.  B.  D.  450. 

(p)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  Part  I.,  r.  6.  There  have  been 
numerous  decisions  on  the  meaning  of  words  similar  to  but  not 
exactly  the  same  as  these  in  other  Acts ;  see  Bowden  v.  Besley  (1888), 


NOMINATION  PAPERS.  267 

a  nomination  paper  on  the  ground  of  the  descrip-  Sect.  33. 
tion  of  the  candidate  therein  being  insufficient, 
or  not  being  in  compliance  with  this  rule,  shall 
be  allowed  or  deemed  valid,  unless  such  objection 
is  made  by  the  returning  officer,  or  by  some  other 
person,  at  or  immediately  after  the  time  of  the 
delivery  of  the  nomination  paper  (q). 

The  returning  officer  must  supply  a  form  of 
nomination  paper  to  any  registered  elector  re- 
quiring the  same  during  such  two  hours  as  the 
returning  officer  may  fix,  between  the  hours  of 
ten  in  the  morning  and  two  in  the  afternoon  on 
each  day  intervening  between  the  day  on  which 
notice  of  the  election  was  given  and  the  day  of 
election  (r),  and  during  the  time  appointed  for  the 
election  (s) ;  but  provided  that  the  nomination  paper 
is  in  the  form  prescribed  by  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
it  need  not  be  a  nomination  paper  supplied  by  the 
returning  officer (t). 

The  nomination  papers  must  be  delivered  to 
the  returning  officer,  at  the  place  of  election  (u) 
during  the  time  appointed  for  the  election  (s) ;  and 
the  candidate  nominated  by  each  nomination 
paper,  and  his  proposer  and  seconder,  and  one 
other  person  selected  by  the  candidate,  and  no 
person  other  than  aforesaid  shall,  except  for  the 

21  Q,  B.  D.  309;  GhdhiU  v.  Crowther  (1889),  £3  Q.  B.  D.  136 ;  Marion 
v.  Gorrilf,  ibid.  139,  and  cases  there  cited. 

(q}  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  Part  I.,  r.  6. 

(r)  As  to  the  meaning  of  "  day  of  election,"  see  pp.  179 — 180, 
supra, 

(s}  See  Ballot  Act,  First  Schedule,  r.  4,  p.  683,  infra. 

(t}  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  Part  I.,  r.  7. 

(«)  See  sect.  32,  pp.  222—223,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  33.  purpose  of  assisting  the  returning  officer,  be 
entitled  to  attend  the  proceedings  during  the  time 
appointed  for  the  election  (t). 

The  returning  officer  must  on  the  nomination 
paper  being  delivered  to  him,  forthwith  publish 
notice  of  the  name  of  the  person  nominated  as  a 
candidate,  and  of  the  names  of  his  proposer  and 
seconder,  by  placarding  or  causing  to  be  placarded 
the  names  of  the  candidate  and  his  proposer  and 
seconder  in  a  conspicuous  position  outside  the 
building  in  which  the  room  appointed  for  the 
election  is  situate  (u). 

A  person  is  not  entitled  to  have  his  name  in- 
serted in  any  ballot  paper  as  a  candidate  unless 
he  has  been  nominated  in  the  manner  above 
described,  and  every  person  whose  nomination 
paper  has  been  delivered  to  the  returning  officer 
during  the  time  appointed  for  the  election  (v)  is 
deemed  to  have  been  nominated  in  manner  above 
described,  unless  objection  be  made  to  his  nomi- 
nation paper  by  the  returning  officer,  or  some 
other  person,  before  the  expiration  of  the  time 
appointed  for  the  election  (v)  or  within  one  hour 
afterwards  (x). 

The  returning  officer  decides  on  the  validity  of 
every  objection  made  to  a  nomination  paper,  and 
his  decision,  if  disallowing  the  objection,  shall  be 
final ;  but,  if  allowing  the  same,  is  subject  to 


(0  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  Part  I.,  r.  8. 

(«)  Ibid.  r.  11. 

(y)  See  footnote  (s),  p.  267,  supra. 

(x)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  Sched.  1,  r.  12. 


EXPENSES  OF  PUBLIC  MEETINGS,  ADVERTISEMENTS,  ETC. 

reversal  on  petition  questioning  the  election  or     s«ct.  33 
return  (#). 

The  returning  officer's  duty  in  this  matter  is 
limited  to  objections  made  to  the  nomination 
paper ;  thus,  he  has  no  jurisdiction  to  entertain 
an  objection  that  the  nomination  paper  has  not 
been  delivered  in  time  (2),  and  he  has  no  power  to 
deal  with  an  objection  to  the  qualification  of  the 
candidate  (a).  But  if  a  nomination  paper  appears 
on  the  face  of  it  to  be  an  abuse  of  the  right  of 
nomination,  e.g.,  if  it  purports  to  nominate  a 
woman,  the  returning  officer  should  reject  it(b). 

When  the  returning  officer  has  considered  the 
objection  to  the  nomination  paper,  and  decided 
that  such  objection  is  invalid,  the  candidate  is 
duly  nominated,  though  he  be  disqualified  and 
may  be  unseated  on  petition  (<?). 

34. — (1)  A  person  other  than  the  election 
agent1  of  a  candidate  shall  not  incur  any 
expenses  on  account  of  holding  public  pel 
meetings  or  issuing  advertisements,  circulars 
or  publications1  for  the  purpose  of  promoting 
or  procuring  the  election  of  any  candidate 
at  a  parliamentary  election,2  unless  he  is 

1  See  p.  271,  infra.  2  See  pp.  271—274,  infra. 

(y)  Ibid.  r.  13. 

(z)  Howes  v.  Turner  (1816),  1  0.  P.  D.  671 ;  of.  Monks  v.  Jackson, 
ibid.  683. 

(a]  Pritchard  v.  Mayor  of  Bangor  (1888),  13  A.  C.  251,  257 
(H.  L.). 

(I]  Harford  v.  Lintkey,  [1899]  1  Q.  B.  862. 

(c)  Pritchard  v.  Mayor  of  Bangor  (1888),  13  A.  C.  241  (H.  L.). 


270  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

fleet.  84.    authorised  in  writing  to  do  so  by  such  elec- 
tion agent. 

(2)  If  any  person  acts  in  contravention  of 
this  section,  he  shall  be  guilty  of  a  corrupt 
practice  other  than  personation  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices 
Prevention  Act,  1883,3  and  the  expression 
"corrupt  practice"  shall  be  construed  ac- 
cordingly : 

Provided  that  the  court  before  whom  a 
person  is  convicted  under  this  section  may, 
if  they  think  it  just  in  the  special  circum- 
stances of  the  case,  mitigate  or  entirely 
remit  any  incapacity  imposed  by  section  six 
of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Preven- 
tion Act,  1883.3 

(3)  Any  expenses  incurred  on  account  of 
any  such  purpose  as  aforesaid  and  authorised 
by  the  election  agent  of  the  candidate  shall 
be  duly  returned  as  part  of  the  candidate's 
election  expenses.4 

NOTE. — The  object  of  this  section  is  to  prevent 
expenses  of  the  nature  indicated  in  sub -sect.  ( 1 ) 
being  incurred  other  than  as  part  of  a  candidate's 
election  expenses.  If  any  person  other  than 
the  election  agent  incurs  expenses  of  this  kind, 
he  must  be  duly  authorised  to  do  so  by  the 
election  agent,  and  the  expenses  in  question  must 

3  See  pp.  274—276,  infra.  4  See  p.  276,  infra. 


EXPENSES  OF  ADVERTISEMENTS,  ETC.  271 

be  duly  returned  (e)  as  part  of  the  candidate's     sect.  34. 
election  expenses. 

Such  authorisation  can  only  be  given  in  writing. 

the  election  agent. — Every  candidate  must 
appoint  an  election  agent,  but  may  not  appoint 
more  than  one.  Such  election  agent  must  be 
named  by  or  on  behalf  of  the  candidate  on  or 
before  nomination  day(/).  The  name  and  ad- 
dress of  such  agent  must  be  declared  in  writing 
by  a  candidate  or  by  some  other  person  on  his 
behalf  to  the  retiirning  officer  on  or  before 
nomination  day  (/).  A  candidate  can  if  he  wishes 
appoint  himself  as  his  election  agent  (g). 

advertisements,  circulars,  or  publications.— 
In  accordance  with  the  ordinary  rule  as  to  con- 
struing the  words  of  a  statute,  the  word  "  publi- 
cations" must  be  construed  ejusdem  generis  with 
the  words  u  advertisements "  and  "circulars" — 
in  other  words,  in  order  that  the  publication 
should  fall  within  the  meaning  of  the  section  it 
must  be  an  advertisement  or  circular  or  a  publi- 
cation of  the  nature  of  an  advertisement  or 
circular. 

The  question  whether  any  particular  publi- 
cation is  within  the  meaning  of  the  section  would 
of  course  depend  upon  the  circumstances  of  each 
case. 

for  the  purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring 
the  election  of  any  candidate  at  a  parliamentary 
election. — It  is  necessary  to  deal  first  with  the 

(e)  See  p.  264,  supra. 

(/)  See  pp.  179—180,  supra. 

(g)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1884,  s.  24. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  34.    meaning  of   the  words,  candidate  at  a  parlia- 
mentary election. 

The  present  Act  does  not  contain  a  definition 
of  the  word  "  candidate."     It  is  probable,  how- 
ever, in  view  of  the  subject  dealt  with  in  this 
section,  its  close  relation  to  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal 
Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883,  and  the  fact  that 
that  Act  is  expressly  referred  to  in  sub -sect.  (2), 
that  the  word  u  candidate "  would  be  construed 
in  the  same  meaning  as  that  expressly  given  to  it 
in  sect.  63  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,   1883, 
namely  : — "  Any  person  elected  to  serve  in  Par- 
liament at  such  election,  and  any  person  who  is 
nominated  as  a  candidate  at  such  election,  or  is 
declared  by  himself  or  by  others  to  be  a  candidate, 
on  or  after  the  day  of  the  issue  of  the  writ  for 
such  election,  or  after  the  dissolution  or  vacancy 
in  consequence  of  which  such  writ  is  issued." 

In  Rochester  (h)  counsel  submitted  that  under 
sect.  63  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  the 
respondent  was  not  a  "  candidate"  until  after  the 
dissolution  and  the  issue  of  the  writ,  and  that  the 
expenses  incurred  by  him  before  that  time  could 
not  be  included  in  the  election  expenses. 

In  declining  to  accept  this  contention,  Cave,  J., 
said  (?') : — 

"  When  a  man  begins  to  incur  expenses  with 
regard  to  an  election,  there  is  nothing  to  prevent 
his  appointing  an  election  agent.  In  some  cases 
canvassers  are  set  to  work,  and  committees  are 
formed,  long  before  the  dissolution,  or  the  issue 

(/O  (1892),  4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  157. 
(0  Ibid. 


MEANING  OF  "  CANDIDATE.  273 

of  the  writ.  If  those  expenses  are  not  to  be  Sect.  34. 
returned  as  election  expenses,  the  words  of  the 
Act  as  to  the  maximum  amount  of  expenditure 
are  set  at  nought."  The  law  has  been  repeatedly 
laid  down  in  similar  terms  by  other  judges  (k\  and 
in  Great  Yarmouth  (1)  Channel!,  J.,  said  :  "  I  quite 
adopt  the  view  which  has  been  put  forward  by  other 
judges  that  the  time  when  the  election  is  sup- 
posed to  commence  ...  certainly  is  not  limited 
to  the  commencement  of  the  active  part  of  the 
election  by  the  occurrence  of  a  vacancy  or  by  the 
issue  of  a  writ."  The  same  view  of  the  law  was 
expressed  by  Lawrance,  J.,  in  Maidstone  (m)  and 
Bodmin  (»).  In  each  of  the  three  last-mentioned 
cases,  Grantham,  J.,  differed  (0),  but  in  East 
Dorset  (p),  Lawrance  and  Pickford,  JJ.,  stated 
that  the  law  is  correctly  laid  down  in  the  nume- 
rous decisions  to  the  contrary  which  are  referred 

«/ 

to  above. 

The  eases  just  referred  to  and  the  judgments 
cited  on  pp.  242 — 249  show  that  the  fact  of  an 
election  having  begun  presupposes  the  existence 
of  a  candidate  at  such  election,  so  that  a  person 
may  become  a  "  candidate  at  a  parliamentary 
election  "  and  incur  election  expenses  long  before 
the  dissolution  and  the  issue  of  the  writ.  As  to 
the  words  for  the  purpose  of  promoting  or  pro- 
curing the  election,  these  are  identical  with  the 

(&)  See  extracts  from  judgments  cited,  pp.  242 — 249,  supra. 
(0  5  O.  &  H.  188. 
(m)  Ibid.  209,  210. 
(n)  Ibid.  228. 

(o)  Ibid.  191—193,  208,  209,  227,  228. 
(p)  (1910),  6  O.  &  H.  at  pp.  39,  40,  49,  50. 
F.  18 


274  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  34.  words  in  sect.  17  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  which  have  been  held  to  have  the  same 
meaning  as  the  words  u  on  account  of  or  in 
respect  of  the  conduct  or  management  of  the 
election  "  (q). 

As  to  when  expenses  for  public  meetings,  &c. 
are  incurred  "  in  the  conduct  or  management  of 
the  election,"  see  pp.  250—254,  260—262. 

From  the  cases  cited  on  pp.  260 — 262,  supra,  it 
will  be  seen  that  there  is  nothing  in  theory  to 
prevent  persons  who  wish  a  particular  candidate 
to  be  elected  because  they  think  him  more  in 
accordance  with  their  own  special  views  upon  tem- 
perance or  any  other  subject  about  which  strong 
opinions  are  held,  incurring  certain  expenses  in 
support  of  his  candidature  (s) ;  but  in  considering 
the  effect  of  sect.  34  of  the  present  Act  it  cannot 
be  too  strongly  emphasized  that  in  practice  expen- 
diture on  account  of  the  matters  there  mentioned 
will  in  almost  every  case  be  expenses  incurred 
"for  the  purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  the 
election  "  of  a  candidate. 

As  to  sub -sect.  (2) — a  corrupt  practice  other 
than  personation  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act, 
1883. 

By  sect.  6  (1)  of  that  Act,  "  a  person  who  com- 
mits any  corrupt  practice  other  than  personation 
.  .  .  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanour,  and  on 
conviction  on  indictment  shall  be  liable  to  be 

(q)  Ipswich,  31st  March,  1886  (unreported).  See  also  Ipswich 
(1886),  4  O.  &  H.  at  p.  74 ;  54  L.  T.  619. 

(«)  See  the  judgment  of  Channell,  J.,  in  Cocker  mouth  (1901),  5  O. 
&  H.  at  p.  158. 


PUNISHMENT  OF  CORRUPT  PRACTICE.  275 

imprisoned  with   or   without  hard  labour  for   a     Sect.  34. 
term  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  to  be  fined  any 
sum  not  exceeding  200/." 

By  sect.  6  (3)  of  the  same  Act,  "  a  person  who 
is  convicted  on  indictment  of  any  corrupt  prac- 
tice shall,  in  addition  to  any  punishment  as  above 
provided,  be  incapable  during  a  period  of  seven 
years  from  the  date  of  his  conviction  (a)  of  being 
registered  as  an  elector  or  voting  at  any  election 
in  the  United  Kingdom,  whether  it  be  a  parlia- 
mentary election  or  an  election  for  any  public 
office (t]  within  the  meaning  of  the  Corrupt  Prac- 
tices Act,  1883;  or  (b)  of  holding  any  public  (t) 
or  judicial  (u)  office,  and  if  he  holds  any  such 
office  the  office  shall  be  vacated." 

By  sect.  6  (4)  of  the  same  Act,  u  any  person 
so  convicted  of  a  corrupt  practice  shall  be  in- 
capable of  being  elected  to  and  of  sitting  in  the 
House  of  Commons  during  the  term  of  seven 
years  next  after  the  date  of  his  conviction,  and  if 
at  that  date  he  has  been  elected  to  the  House  of 
Commons  his  election  shall  be  vacated  from  the 
time  of  such  conviction." 

By  sect.  43  (4)  of  the  same  Act,  a  person  who 
is  summarily  convicted  by  an  election  court  of 
any  corrupt  practice,  which  cannot  occur  unless 
such  person  declines  to  be  tried  by  a  jury,  shall 
be  subject  to  the  same  incapacities  as  if  he  had 

(t}  As  to  the  meaning  of  the  expression  "public  office"  in  the 
sub-section  just  cited,  see  sect.  64  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883. 

(n)  The  expression  "  judicial  office  "  in  such  sub-section  includes 
the  office  of  justice  of  the  peace. 

1.8(2) 


276  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  34.  been  convicted  on  indictment,  and  further,  may 
be  imprisoned  with  or  without  hard  labour  for  a 
term  not  exceeding  six  months,  or  ordered  to  pay 
a  fine  not  exceeding  200£. 

any  incapacity  imposed  by  section  six  of  the 
Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act, 
1883. — These  words,  which  occur  in  the  proviso 
in  sect.  34  (2)  of  the  present  Act,  refer  to  the  inca- 
pacities mentioned  in  sect.  6  (3),  (4),  of  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  set  out  above. 

As  to  sub-section  (3). — any  expenses  incurred 
on  account  of  any  such  purpose  as  aforesaid  and 
authorised  by  the  election  agent  of  the  candidate 
shall  be  duly  returned  as  part  of  the  candidate's 
election  expenses. 

The  purpose  here  mentioned  is  of  course  that 
of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election  of  any 
candidate  at  a  parliamentary  election  by  holding 
public  meetings  or  issuing  advertisements,  cir- 
culars, or  publications.  This  subject  is  dealt  with 
on  pp.  271 — 274,  supra. 

authorised  by  the  election  agent  of  the  can- 
didate.— Such  authorisation  must  by  sect.  34  (1) 
be  in  writing  by  the  election  agent  (v). 

shall  be  duly  returned  as  part  of  the  candi- 
date's election  expenses. — As  to  this,  see  p.  264, 
supra. 

Practical  It  would  seem,  having  regard  to  the  provisions 

sect  34.         of  this  section,   that  it  will  be  more  necessary 

even  than  it  has  been  hitherto  for  a  candidate  to 

appoint  an  election  agent  immediately  that  he 

becomes  a  candidate.     In  the  absence  of  his  doing 


(v)  See  sect.  34  (1),  pp.  269—270,  supra. 


PRACTICAL  EFFECT  OF  SECT.  34.  277 

so  he  will  be  prohibited  by  this  section  from  in-     Sect.  34. 
curiing  any  of  the  expenses  mentioned  therein  (w). 

It  is  probable  that  the  effect  of  this  section,  as 
given  above,  will  be  used  as  an  argument  for 
interpreting  the  word  "  candidate"  in  the  present 
Act  in  the  narrow  sense  of  "  duly  nominated  can- 
didate "  because  of  the  hardship  which,  it  will  be 
urged,  would  result  to  persons  who  desire  to 
stand  for  election  and  to  the  public  from  the 
broader  interpretation  of  the  word  u  candidate  " 
in  this  section.  It  is  submitted,  however,  that 
the  meaning  of  the  section  is  that  given  to  it  in 
this  Note,  and  that  the  answer  to  such  an  argument 
is  as  was  pointed  out  by  Cave,  J.,  in  Rochester  (x), 
and  by  Lawrence,  J.,  in  East  Dorset  (y\  that  there 
is  nothing  to  prevent  a  "  candidate''  appointing 
an  election  agent  as  soon  as  he  becomes  a  can- 
didate, no  matter  how  long  that  may  be  before 
the  day  of  nomination. 

It  may  be  well  to  draw  attention  to  the  danger 
to  which  members  of  the  public  may  be  exposed 
if  they  are  ignorant  of,  or  neglect  to  observe,  the 
provisions  of  sect.  34.  Owing  to  the  wide  scope 
of  the  words  "for  the  purpose  of  promoting  or 
procuring  the  election  of  any  candidate,"  it  will 
be  of  the  utmost  importance  for  any  person  who 
intends  to  hold  a  public  meeting,  or  to  issue 
literature,  of  a  political  character  to  consider 
very  carefully  whether  such  meeting  or  literature 
is  directly  or  indirectly  for  the  "  purpose"  referred 
to,  and,  if  so,  to  obtain  the  requisite  authorisation. 

(to]  Ibid.,  and  pp.  271 — 274,  supra, 
(x)  (1892),  4  0.  &  H.  at  p.  157. 
(if)  (1910),  6  0.  &  H.  at  p.  40. 


2T8  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

-  as.        35.  The  following  Acts,  that  is  to  say,- 


tCotat  pet  The  Ballot  Act,  1872  *  ; 

manent  effect. 

The  Parliamentary  Elections  (Returning 

Officers)  Act,  1875  2; 
The  Parliamentary  Elections  Returning 

Officers    Expenses    (Scotland)    Act, 

1878  3; 
The  Parliamentary  Elections  and  Cor- 

rupt Practices  Act,  18804; 
The  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Pre- 

vention Act,  18835; 
The  Municipal  Elections  (Corrupt  and 

Illegal  Practices)  Act,  1884  ; 
The  Local  Government  (Elections)  Act, 

1896  6; 

shall  become  permanent  Acts,  and  any  pro- 
vision in  any  Act  in  force  at  the  date  of  the 
passing  of  this  Act  which  limits  the  period 
for  which  any  of  those  Acts  are  to  remain  in 
operation  shall  cease  to  have  effect. 

NOTE.  —  The  Acts  mentioned  in  this  section, 
which  are  now  made  permanent,  were  originally 
passed  as  temporary  measures  only,  but  have  been 
extended  from  year  to  year  since  the  time  when 
they  would  have  originally  expired. 


1  See  Appendix  III.,  p.  665,  infra.  2  Ibid.  p.  700,  infra. 

8  lUd.  p.  708,  infra.  *  Ibid.  p.  708,  infra. 

9  Ibid.  p.  710,  infra.  6  Ibid.  p.  717,  infra-. 


UNIVEKSITY  ELECTIONS.  279 

36. — (1)    The    provisions    contained    in    sect.  36 
Part   I.  of  the   Fifth  Schedule  to  this  Act  conduct  of 

elections  for 

shall  have  effect  with  respect  to  elections  Univfrsit7 

constitu- 

for  university  constituencies  other  than  the  encies 
Scottish  university  constituency,  and  the 
provisions  contained  in  Part  II.  of  that 
Schedule  shall  have  effect  with  respect  to 
elections  for  the  Scottish  university  consti- 
tuency, and  his  Majesty  may,  by  Order  in 
Council,  make  such  regulations  as  appear 
necessary  or  desirable  for  giving  full  effect 
to  those  provisions  and  for  the  effective  and 
proper  conduct  of  those  elections. 

Any  such  regulations  may  be  made  so  as 
to  be  applicable  generally  to  elections  for 
university  constituencies  or  specially  to  elec- 
tions for  any  particular  university  constitu- 
ency. 

(2)  This  Part  of  this  Act  shall,  except  as 
expressly  provided,  apply  to  university  con- 
stituencies and  university  elections. 

(3)  In  the  application  of  the  provisions  of 
this  Act  which  are  applicable  to  university 
constituencies   and   university    elections   to 
those  constituencies  and  elections  the  follow- 
ing modifications  shall  have  effect  :— 

(a)  '*  Voting  paper  "  shall  be  substituted 
for  "ballot  paper,"  and  for  any 
reference  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
there  shall  be  substituted  a  refer- 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

ence  to  the  corresponding  pro- 
vision of  this  Act,  or  regulations 
made  thereunder  in  relation  to  uni- 
versity constituencies  or  university 
elections : 

(b)  It  shall  not  be  necessary  to  prepare  an 

absent  voters  list,  but  the  right  to 
vote  by  proxy  may  be  exercised  by 
any  person  who  would  be  entitled 
to  exercise  such  right  if  his  name 
were  entered  on  an  absent  voters 
list,  so  long  as  all  other  conditions 
enabling  him  to  vote  by  proxy  are 
fulfilled  : 

(c)  Where  a  candidate's  deposit  is  forfeited 

the  deposit  shall  be  retained  by  the 
university. 

NOTE. — As  to  sub-sect.  (1).  The  provisions 
contained  in  Part  I.  of  the  Fifth  Schedule  to 
this  Act. — These  provisions,  with  footnotes  where 
necessary,  are  set  out  on  pp.  364 — 372,  infra. 

university  constituencies  other  than  the  Scot- 
tish university  constituency.  -  -  Part  III.  of 
the  Ninth  Schedule  to  this  Act,  set  out  on 
p.  554,  infm,  contains  a  list  of  university 
constituencies  in  Great  Britain,  together  with 
the  number  of  members  returnable  by  each 
constituency. 

the  provisions  contained  in  Part  II.  of  that 
Schedule. —  These  provisions  are  set  out  on 
pp.  373—386,  infra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS.  281 

such  regulations  as  appear  necessary  or  de-    sect  36. 
sirable.— These  regulations  have  not,  at  the  date 
of  publication,  been  made. 

As  to  sub-section  (2),  This  Part  of  this  Act 
shall,  except  as  expressly  provided,  apply  to 
university  constituencies  and  university  elec- 
tions.— Part  III.  of  this  Act  consists  of  sections 
20  to  36.  Of  these  sections  those  which  apply  to 
university  constituencies  and  university  elections 
are  20,  22,  23,  26,  27,  33,  34,  35  and  36. 

In  considering  the  application  of  sect.  33  to 
university  elections,  it  would  seem  that  the 
maximum  scale  of  election  expenses  (set  out  on 
p.  228,  supra)  applies  to  university  elections. 
The  words  "  borough  election"  in  Part  IV.  (x)  of 
the  First  Schedule  to  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  apparently  include  an  election  for  a  univer- 
sity constituency.  In  sect.  61  of  the  Representa- 
tion of  the  People  Act,  1867  (which  section  is 
expressly  left  unrepealed  by  the  present  Act(^)), 
the  term  "  borough  "  is  defined  as  "  any  borough, 
city,  place,  or  combination  of  places,  not  being  a 
county  as  hereinbefore  defined,  returning  a  mem- 
ber or  members  to  serve  in  Parliament."  By 
sect.  65  (1)  of  the  Act  of  1883,  the  words  "the 
Corrupt  Practices  Prevention  Acts"  wherever 
used  in  the  Act  of  1883  include  sects.  11,  49  and 
50  of  the  Act  of  1867.  Further,  the  Act  of  1883 
contains  no  definition  of  "  borough,"  so  that  the 
word  "  borough  "  when  used  in  the  Act  of  1883 

(.r)  Both   as  Part  IV.  originally  stood  and  as  altered  by  the 
present  Act.     See  sect.  33  (1),  p.  223,  supra, 
(y]  See  Sixth  Schedule,  p.  395,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

must,  it  is  submitted,  bear  the  meaning  given  to 
it  by  sect.  61  of  the  Act  of  1867. 

As    to    sub-section   (3)   (a),    the    provisions]  of 
this  Act,  in  which  the  word  ballot-paper,  or  a 
reference  to  the   Ballot   Act,  1872,   occur,   are 
sects.  22,  23,  27,  set  out  on  pp.  164—165,  172- 
176,  208—210,  respectively. 

As  to  sub-section  (3)  (b),  see  sect.  23,  pp.  172— 
176,  supra. 

As  to  sub-section  (3)  (c),  see  sect.  27,  pp.  208— 
210,  supra. 


PART    IV. 
REDISTRIBUTION  OF  SEATS. 

37.  37. — (l)  Each  of  the  areas  mentioned  in 
the  first  column  of  the  First  Part  of  the 
Ninth  Schedule  to  this  Act  shall  be  a  parlia- 
mentary borough  returning  the  number  of 
members  specified  opposite  thereto  in  the 
said  Schedule,  and  where  so  provided  in  the 
Schedule  shall  be  divided  into  the  divisions 
specified  therein,  and  each  such  division 
shall  return  one  member. 

(2)  Each  of  the  areas  mentioned  in  the 
first  column  of  the  Second  Part  of  the 
Ninth  Schedule  to  this  Act  shall  be  a 
parliamentary  county  returning  the  number 
of  members  specified  opposite  thereto  in 
the  said  Schedule,  and  where  so  provided 


KEDISTKIBUTION  OF  SEATS. 

in  the  Schedule  shall  be   divided  into  the    Sect- 37 
divisions  specified  therein,   and   each   such 
division  shall  return  one  member. 

(3)  Each  of  the  universities  and  combina- 
tions of  universities  mentioned  in  the  Third 
Part   of  the   Ninth   Schedule  to  this   Act 
shall    be     a     constituency     returning    the 
number    of    members     specified     opposite 
thereto  in  the  said  Schedule. 

(4)  The    distribution    of   seats   in    Great 
Britain   under  this  Part  of  this  Act  shall 
take  the  place  of  the  distribution  of  seats 
existing  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  this 
Act ;  and  all  writs  for  parliamentary  elec- 
tions and  other  documents  consequent  upon 
the  writs  or  relating  to  parliamentary  elec- 
tions or  the  registration  of  electors  shall  be 
framed  and  expressed  in  such  manner  and 
form  as  may  be  necessary  for  carrying  into 
effect  the  provisions  of  this  Act. 

NOTE.— The  First,  Second  and  Third  Parts  of 
the  Ninth  Schedule  to  this  Act  are  set  out  at 
pp.  404 — 481,  pp.  482 — 554,  and  p.  554,  infra, 
respectively. 

It  should  be  noted  that  sect.  37  set  out  above 
has  no  application  to  Ireland  (2).  Redistribution 
in  Ireland  is  dealt  with  by  the  Redistribution  of 
Seats  (Ireland)  Act,  1918. 

(z)  Sect.  44  (10),  pp.  333—334,  infra. 


284 
Sect.  38. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Punishment 
of  offences 
committed 
outside  the 
United 
Kingdom. 


PART  V. 

[Sections  38—47.] 
GENERAL. 

38.  Where  any  person  commits  out  of 
the  United  Kingdom  any  act  which  if  that 
act  had  been  committed  in  the  United 
Kingdom  would  haye  rendered  that  person 
liable  to  prosecution  and  punishment  under 
the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  or  the  Corrupt  and 
Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883  (as 
amended  by  any  subsequent  Act),  or  under 
this  Act,  that  person  shall  be  liable  to  be 
proceeded  against  and  punished  as  though 
the  act  had  been  committed  in  the  United 
Kingdom  at  any  place  where  that  person 
may  for  the  time  being  be. 

For  the  purposes  of  any  such  prosecution 
any  period  prescribed  as  the  period  within 
which  proceedings  may  be  commenced  shall 
be  reckoned  as  from  the  date  on  which  the 
person  charged  returned  to  the  United 
Kingdom  next  after  the  commission  of  the 
offence. 

NOTE. — It  would  appear  that  the  main  purpose 
of  this  section  is  to  bring  the  absent  voter  within 
the  operation  of  the  Acts  mentioned. 


OFFENCES  UNDER  BALLOT  ACT,  ETC. 

any  act  which  if  that  act   had  been  com-    sect.  38 


mitted  in  the  United  Kingdom  would  have 
rendered  that  person  liable  to  prosecution  and 
punishment  under  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  or  the 
Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act, 
1883  (as  amended  by  any  subsequent  Act),  or 
under  this  Act. 

On  an  examination  of  the  offences  which 
render  a  person  liable  to  prosecution  and  punish- 
ment under  the  Acts  mentioned  in  this  section,  it 
is  clear  that  some  of  these  offences  cannot  be 
committed  out  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  that 
in  the  case  of  some  other  of  these  offences  it  is 
improbable  that  they  would  be  so  committed. 

It  is,  however,  thought  that  it  will  be  useful  to 
give  a  list  (a)  of  the  acts  which  render  a  person 
liable  to  prosecution  and  punishment  under  the 
statutes  mentioned. 

These  acts  and  the  punishment  for  the  same 
are  dealt  with  under  the  following  twelve  heads 
(pp.  285—302):- 

I.  Offences  in  respect  of  nomination  papers,  ballot 
papers,  and  ballot  boxes  (b)  .  —  (1)  Forging  or  fraudu- 
lently defacing  or  fraudulently  destroying  any 
nomination  paper,  or  delivering  to  the  returning 
officer  any  nomination  paper  knowing  the  same 
to  be  forged  ;  or 

(2)  Forging,  counterfeiting,  or  fraudulently 
defacing  or  fraudulently  destroying  any  ballot 

(a)  For  a  discussion  as  to  those  acts  which  have  been  dealt 
with  in  the  election  courts,  see  pp.  90  —  178  of  the  Author's 
"  Parliamentary  Elections  and  Election  Petitions,"  2nd  ed. 

(6)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  3. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  38.     paper  or  the  official  mark  on  any  ballot  paper ; 
or 

(3)  Without  due  authority  supplying  any  ballot 
paper  to  any  person  ;  or 

(4)  Fraudulently  putting  into  any  ballot  box 
any  paper  other  than  the  ballot  paper  which  he  is 
authorised  by  law  to  put  in  ;  or 

(5)  Fraudulently  taking  out  of  the  polling  station 
any  ballot  paper  ;  or 

(6)  Without  due  authority  destroying,  taking, 
opening,  or  otherwise  interfering  with  any  ballot 
box  or  packet  of  ballot  papers  then  in  use  for  the 
purposes  of  the  election  (c). 

Any  person  committing  any  of  the  offences  set 
out  above  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanour,  and 
be  liable,  if  he  is  a  returning  officer  or  an  officer 
or  clerk  in  attendance  at  a  polling  station,  to 
imprisonment  for  any  term  not  exceeding  two 
years,  with  or  without  hard  labour,  and  if  he  is 
any  other  person,  to  imprisonment  for  any  term 
not  exceeding  six  months,  with  or  without  hard 
labour  (c). 

Any  attempt  to  commit  any  of  the  offences  set 
out  above  shall  be  punishable  in  the  manner  in 
which  the  offence  itself  is  punishable  (c). 

II.  Infringement  of  secrecy. — No  officer,  clerk,  or 
agent  in  attendance  at  a  polling  station  shall 
communicate,  except  for  some  purpose  authorised 
by  law,  before  the  poll  is  closed,  to  any  person 
any  information  as  to  the  name  or  number  on  the 
register  of  voters  of  any  elector  who  has  or  has 
not  applied  for  a  ballot  paper  or  voted  at  that 

(c)  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  3. 


PERSONATION.  287 

station,  or  as  to  the  official  mark,  and  no  such  Sect.  88. 
officer,  clerk,  or  agent,  or  any  person  whosoever, 
shall  interfere  with  or  attempt  to  interfere  with  a 
voter  when  marking  his  vote,  or  otherwise  attempt 
to  obtain  in  the  polling  station  information  as  to 
the  candidate  for  whom  any  voter  in  such  station 
is  about  to  vote  or  has  voted,  or  communicate  at 
any  time  to  any  person  any  information  obtained 
in  a  polling  station  as  to  the  candidate  for  whom 
any  voter  in  such  station  is  about  to  vote  or  has 
voted,  or  as  to  the  number  on  the  back  of  the 
ballot  paper  given  to  any  voter  at  such  station  (d). 
No  officer,  clerk,  or  agent  in  attendance  at  the 
€ounting  of  the  votes  shall  attempt  to  ascertain  at 
such  counting  the  number  on  the  back  of  any 
ballot  paper,  or  communicate  any  information 
obtained  at  such  counting  as  to  the  candidate  for 
whom  any  vote  is  given  in  any  particular  ballot 
paper.  No  person  shall  directly  or  indirectly 
induce  any  voter  to  display  his  ballot  paper  after 
he  shall  have  marked  the  same,  so  as  to  make 
known  to  any  person  the  name  of  the  candidate 
for  or  against  whom  he  has  so  marked  his 
vote(d). 

Every  person  who  infringes  the  secrecy  of 
voting  by  committing  any  of  the  acts  set  out 
above  shall  be  liable,  on  summary  conviction 
before  two  justices  of  the  peace,  to  imprisonment 
for  any  term  not  exceeding  six  months,  with  or 
without  hard  labour  (d). 

III.  Personation. — Any  person  is  guilty  of  the 
offence  of  personation  who  at  an  election  for  a 

(d)  Ibid.  s.  4. 


288  EEPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  38.  county  or  borough  or  at  a  municipal  election 
applies  for  a  ballot  paper  in  the  name  of  some 
other  person,  whether  that  name  be  that  of  a 
person  living  or  dead,  or  a  fictitious  person,  or 
who  having  voted  once  at  any  such  election  ap- 
plies at  the  same  election  for  a  ballot  paper  in 
his  own  name(tf) .  This  offence  and  that  of  aiding, 
abetting,  counselling,  or  procuring  its  commission 
are  felonies,  and  any  person  convicted  of  either 
of  these  offences  on  indictment  shall  be  punished 
by  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceeding  two 
years  together  with  hard  labour  (/).  These 
offences  are  also  corrupt  practices  within  the 
meaning  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883  (g). 

A  person  who  is  convicted  on  indictment  of 
any  corrupt  practice  shall,  in  addition  to  any 
punishment  as  above  provided,  be  incapable 
during  a  period  of  seven  years  from  the  date  of 
his  conviction  (a)  of  being  registered  as  an  elector 
or  voting  at  any  election  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
whether  it  be  a  parliamentary  election  or  an  elec- 
tion for  any  public  office  within  the  meaning  of 
the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883  ;  or  (b)  of  holding 
any  public  or  judicial  office  (h\  and  if  he  holds 
any  such  office  the  office  shall  be  vacated  (/). 

Any  person  so  convicted  of  a  corrupt  practice 
shall  be  incapable  of  being  elected  to  and  of 
sitting  in  the  House  of  Commons  during  the 

(e)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  3  ;  Ballot  Act,  1872,  s.  24. 
See  also  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 

(/)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  6  (2). 

(g]  Ibid.  s.  3. 

(h)  As  to  the  meaning  of  "public  office"  and  ''judicial  office," 
see  sect.  64  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883. 

(i)  Ibid.  s.  6  (3). 


BRIBERY.  289 

term  of  seven  years  next  after  the  date  of  his     Sect- 38- 
conviction,  and  if  at  that  date  he  has  been  elected 
to  the  House  of  Commons  his  election  shall  be 
vacated  from  the  time  of  such  conviction  (k). 

A  person  who  is  summarily  convicted  by  an 
election  court  of  any  corrupt  practice,  which 
cannot  occur  unless  such  person  declines  to  be 
tried  by  a  jury,  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  in- 
capacities as  if  he  had  been  convicted  on  indict- 
ment, and  further,  may  be  imprisoned  with  or 
without  hard  labour  for  a  term  not  exceeding  six 
months,  or  ordered  to  pay  a  fine  not  exceeding 
200J.  (I). 

Every  person  guilty  of  a  corrupt  practice  at  an 
election  is  prohibited  from  voting  at  such  elec- 
tion, and  if  any  such  person  votes,  his  vote  shall 
be  void  (ni). 

IV.  Bribery  (ri). — A  person  is  guilty  of  bribery 
who : — 

(1)  Directly  or  indirectly  by  himself ,  or  by  any 
other  person  on  his  behalf,  gives,  lends,  or  agrees 
to  give  or  lend,  or  offers,  promises,  or  promises 
to  procure  or  to  endeavour  to  procure,  any  money 
or  valuable  consideration  to  or  for  any  voter,  or 
to  or  for  any  person  on  behalf  of  any  voter,  or 
to  or  for  any  other  person,  in  order  to  induce  any 
voter  to  vote  or  refrain  from  voting,  or  corruptly 
does  any  such  act  as  aforesaid  on  account  of  such 

(k)  Ibid.  s.  6  (4). 

(0  Ibid.  s.  43  (4). 

(m)  Ibid.  s.  36. 

(n)  As  to  the  punishment  for  bribery,  see  pp.  293,  294,  infra. 

F.  19 


290  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  38.     voter  having  voted  or  refrained  from  voting  at 
any  election  (o) : 

(2}  Directly  or  indirectly  by  himself,  or  by  any 
other  person  on  his  behalf,  gives  or  procures  or 
agrees  to  give  or  procure,  or  offers  or  promises, 
or  promises  to  procure  or  to  endeavour  to  procure 
any  office,  place,  or  employment  to  or  for  any 
voter,  or  to  or  for  any  person  on  behalf  of  any 
voter,  or  to  or  for  any  other  person,  in  order  to 
induce  such  voter  to  vote  or  refrain  from  voting, 
or  corruptly  does  any  such  act  as  aforesaid  on 
account  of  any  voter  having  voted  or  refrained 
from  voting  at  any  election  (p) : 

(3)  Directly  or  indirectly,  by  himself,   or  by 
any  other  person  on  his  behalf,  makes  any  such 
gift,  loan,  offer,  promise,  procurement,  or  agree- 
ment as  aforesaid  to  or  for  any  person,  in  order 
to  induce  such  person  to  procure  or  endeavour  to 
procure  the   return  of   any  person   to    serve  in 
Parliament,    or   the   vote   of   any  voter   at   any 
election  (q) : 

(4)  Upon  or  in  consequence  of  any  such  gift, 
loan,  offer,  promise,  procurement  or  agreement, 
procures  or  engages,  promises  or  endeavours  to 
procure,  the  return    of   any  person  to  serve  in 
Parliament,    or   the   vote   of   any  voter   at   any 
election  (r) : 

(5)  Advances  or  pays,  or  causes  to  be  paid, 

(o)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  3;  Corrupt  Practices  Preven- 
tion Act,  1854,  s.  2.     See  also  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 
(p}Ibid. 
(j)  Ibid, 
(r)  Ibid. 


TREATING.  291 

any  money  to  or  to  the  use  of  any  other  person  Sect.  88. 
with  the  intent  that  such  money  or  any  part 
thereof  shall  be  expended  in  bribery  at  any  elec- 
tion, or  knowingly  pays  or  causes  to  be  paid  any 
money  to  any  person  in  discharge  or  repayment 
of  any  money  wholly  or  in  part  expended  in 
bribery  at  any  election ;  but  this  has  no  applica- 
tion to  any  money  paid  or  agreed  to  be  paid  for  or 
on  account  of  any  legal  expenses  bond  fide  incurred 
at  or  concerning  any  election  (s) : 

(6)  Being  a  voter,  before  or  during  any  elec- 
tion directly  or  indirectly  by  himself,  or  by  any 
other  person   on  his  behalf,  receives,  agrees  or 
contracts  for  any  money,  gift,  loan,  or  valuable 
consideration,  office,   place   or   employment,   for 
himself  or  for  any   other  person,  for  voting  or 
agreeing  to  vote,  or  for  refraining  or  agreeing  to 
refrain  from  voting  at  any  election  (t): 

(7)  After  any  election,  directly  or  indirectly 
by  himself  or  by  any  other  person  on  his  behalf, 
receives  any  money  or  valuable  consideration  on 
account  of  any  person  having  voted  or  refrained 
from  voting,  or  having  induced  any  other  person 
to  vote  or  refrain  from  voting  at  any  election  (u). 

V.  Treating. — Any  person  who  corruptly  by  him- 
self or  by  any  other  person,  either  before,  during, 
or  after  an  election,  directly  or  indirectly  gives 
or  provides,  or  pays  wholly  or  in  part  the  expense 
of  giving  or  providing,  any  meat,  drink,  enter- 

(«)  Ibid. 

(t)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,   1883,  s.  3;    Corrupt  Practices  Pre- 
vention Act,  1854,  s.  3. 
(M)  Ibid. 

19(2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  38  tainment  or  provision  to  or  for  any  person  for 
the  purpose  of  corruptly  influencing  that  person 
or  any  other  person  to  give  or  refrain  from  giving 
his  vote  at  the  election,  or  on  account  of  such 
person  or  any  other  person  having  voted  or  re- 
frained from  voting  or  being  about  to  vote  or 
refrain  from  voting  at  such  election,  shall  be 
guilty  of  treating  (x). 

And  every  elector  who  corruptly  accepts  or 
takes  any  such  meat,  drink,  entertainment,  or 
provision  shall  also  be  guilty  of  treating  (x). 

VI.  Undue  influence. — Every  person  is  guilty  of 
undue  influence  who,  directly  or  indirectly,  by 
himself  or  by  any  other   person   on  his  behalf, 
makes  use  of,  or  threatens  to  make  use  of,  any 
force,  violence,  or  restraint,  or  inflicts,  or  threat- 
ens to  inflict,  by  himself  or  by  any  other  person, 
any  temporal  or  spiritual  injury,  damage,  harm, 
or   loss,   upon    or   against   any  person   in   order 
to  induce  or  compel  such  person  to  vote  or  refrain 
from  voting,  or  on  account  of  such  person  having 
voted  or  refrained  from  voting  at  any  election,  or 
who,    by   abduction,    duress,    or  any  fraudulent 
device  or  contrivance,  impedes  or  prevents  the 
free  exercise  of  the  franchise  of  any  elector,  or 
thereby  compels,  induces,  or  prevails  upon  any 
elector  either  to  give  or  refrain  from  giving  his 
vote  at  any  election  (y). 

VII.  Making  knowingly  a  false  declaration  respect- 

(x)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  1.     See  also  footnote  (a)  on 
p.  285,  supra. 

(y]  Ibid.  s.  2.     See  also  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 


PUNISHMENT  OF  CORRUPT  PRACTICES.  293 

ing  election  expenses  (2).  —  The  only  persons  who  can    Sect.  88. 
commit  this  offence  are  a  candidate  and  an  elec- 
tion agent  (a). 

VIII.  Incurring  expenses  on  account  of  public  meet- 
ings or  issuing  advertisements,  circulars,  or  publications 
by  unauthorised  persons.  —  Any  person  other  than  an 
election  agent  who  incurs  any  expenses  on  account 
of  holding  public  meetings  or  issuing  advertise- 
ments, circulars,  or  publications  for  the  purpose 
of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election  of  any 
candidate  at  a  parliamentary  election,  unless  he  is 
authorised  in  writing  to  do  so  by  such  election 
agent,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  corrupt  practice  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 


The  offences  of  bribery  (c),  treating  (c),  undue 
influence  (<?),  making  knowingly  a  false  declara- 
tion respecting  election  expenses  (t/),  as  well  as 
that  of  incurring  expenses  on  account  of  public 
meetings,  &c.  referred  to  above  (0),  are  corrupt 
practices  within  the  meaning  of  the  Corrupt  Prac- 
tices Act,  1883. 

A  person  who  commits  any  of  these  corrupt 
practices  shall  be  guilty  of  misdemeanour,  and  on 
conviction  on  indictment  shall  be  liable  to  be 
imprisoned  with  or  without  hard  labour  for  a  term 
not  exceeding  one  year,  or  to  be  fined  any  sum 
not  exceeding  200/.  (/). 

(z]  Ibid.  s.  33.     See  also  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 

(a]  Ibid.  s.  33  (7). 

(6)  See  sect.  34  of  the  present  Act  and  pp.  270  —  277,  supra. 

(c)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  3. 

(d}  Ibid.  s.  33  (7), 

(e)  Sect.  34  of  the  present  Act,  pp.  269  —  270,  supra. 

(/)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  6  (1). 


294  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

s.^  Such  person  is  also  subject,  on  conviction,  to 
the  incapacities  mentioned  on  pp.  275 — 276,  supra. 
Further,  any  person  committing  the  offence  of 
making  knowingly  a  false  declaration  respecting 
election  expenses  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanour, 
and  is  liable  on  conviction  thereof  on  indictment 
to  imprisonment  with  or  without  hard  labour  for 
any  term  not  exceeding  two  years  or  to  a  fine, 
or  to  both  such  imprisonment  and  fine(^). 

IX.  Illegal  practices  (h). — (1)  Making  or  receiv- 
ing payment  or  making  a  contract  for  payment  for 
the  purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election 
of  a  candidate  at  any  election — (a)  on  account  of 
the  conveyance  of  the  electors  to  or  from  the  poll, 
whether  for  the  hiring  of  horses  or  carriages,  or 
for  railway  fares,  or  otherwise;  or  (b)  to  an 
elector  on  account  of  the  use  of  any  house,  land, 
building,  or  premises,  for  the  exhibition  of  any 
address,  bill,  or  notice,  or  on  account  of  the  ex- 
hibition of  any  address,  bill,  or  notice,  unless  it 
is  the  ordinary  business  of  such  elector  as  an 
advertising  agent  to  exhibit  for  payment  bills 
and  advertisements,  and  such  payment  to  or  con- 
tract with  such  elector  is  made  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  business ;  or  (c)  on  account  of  any  com- 
mittee room  in  excess  of  the  number  allowed  by 
the  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  Schedule  !.(»'). 

(2)  Payment  of  any  sum  or  incurring  any  ex- 
pense by  a  candidate  at  an  election  or  his  election 

(g)  Perjury  Act,  1911,  s.  5. 

(h)  See  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra, 

(*)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  7.  See  Pontefract  (1893), 
Day's  Election  Cases,  62—63,  and  pp.  142—144  of  the  Author's 
Parliamentary  Elections  and  Election  Petitions,  2nd  edition. 


ILLEGAL  PRACTICES.  295 

agent,  or  sub-agent  within  his  district,  whether    Sect  38. 
before,  during,  or  after  an  election,  on  account 
of  or  in  respect  of  the  conduct  or  management  of 
such  election,  in  excess  of  the  maximum  specified 
in  the  Fourth  Schedule  to  the  present  Act  (k). 

(3)  Voting  at  an  election  by  any  person  who 
knows   that   he   is    prohibited   by   statute   from 
voting,  or  inducing  or  procuring  any  person  to 
vote  at  an  election  knowing  that  such  person  is 
prohibited  by  statute  from  voting  (/). 

(4)  Knowingly  publishing,  before  or  during  an 
election,  a  false  statement  of  the  withdrawal  of 
a  candidate  at  such  election,  for  the  purpose  of 
promoting  or  procuring  the  election  of  another 
candidate  (m). 

(5)  In  the  case  of   a   candidate,   his  election 
agent,  or  sub-agent*  within  his  district,  printing, 
publishing  or  posting,  or  causing  to  be  printed, 
published  or  posted,  any  bill,  placard,  or  poster, 
having  reference  to  an  election,   which  fails  to 
bear  upon  the  face  thereof  the  name  and  address 
of  the  printer  and  publisher  (n). 

(6)  In  the  case  of  a  candidate  at  an  election  or 
any  agent  of  his  or  any  other  person  making  any 
payment,  advance,  or  deposit  before,  during,  or 
after,  an  election,  in  respect  of  any  expenses  in- 
curred on  account  of  or  in  respect  of  the  conduct 
or  management  of  such  election  otherwise  than 

by  or  through  the  election  agent  acting  in  person,         , 

(&)  See  sect.  33  of  the  present  Act  and  sects.  8,  25,  of  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883,  and  p.  228,  supra. 

(/)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  9  (1),  (3). 
(m)  Ibifl.  s.  9  (2),  (3). 
(n)  Ibid.  as.  18,  25. 


296  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  88.  or  by  a  sub-agent  within  his  district,  and  in  the 
case  of  any  person,  payment  of  any  money  pro- 
vided by  any  person  other  than  the  candidate  for 
any  of  the  said  expenses,  whether  as  gift,  loan, 
advance,  or  deposit,  to  any  person  other  than  the 
candidate  or  his  election  agent  (o).  This  shall 
not,  however,  apply  to — (i)  a  tender  of  security 
to  or  payment  by  the  returning  officer ;  or  (ii)  any 
sum  disbursed  by  any  person  out  of  his  own 
money  for  any  small  expense  legally  incurred  by 
himself  if  such  sum  is  not  repaid  to  him ;  or 
(iii)  payment  by  the  candidate  of  any  personal 
expenses  incurred  by  him  on  account  of  or  in 
connection  with  or  incidental  to  the  election,  to 
an  amount  not  exceeding  100/.  (/>);  or  (iv)  the 
payment  by  any  person  if  authorised  in  writing 
by  the  election  agent  of  any  necessary  expenses 
for  stationery,  postage,  telegrams,  and  other  petty 
expenses,  to  a  total  amount  not  exceeding  that 
named  in  the  authority  (q). 

(7)  In  the  case  of  an  election  agent,  or  sub- 
agent  within  his  district,  payment — (a)  without  a 
judgment  or  order  of  a  competent  Court,  or  leave 
of  the  High  Court  first  obtained,  of  a  claim 
against  a  candidate  or  his  election  agent  in 
respect  of  any  expenses  incurred  on  account  or 
in  respect  of  the  conduct  or  management  of  such 
election,  which  is  not  sent  in  to  the  election 
agent  within  fourteen  days  after  the  day  on  which 
the  candidates  returned  are  declared  elected  (r) ; 

(o)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  ss.  25,  28. 

(p]  Ibid.  s.  31  (1). 

(q)  llid.  B.  31  (3). 

(r)  Ibid.  s.  29(2),  (3),  (8),  (9);  s.  2fi. 


ILLEGAL  PRACTICES.  297 

(b)  without  such  leave,  of  any  of  the  said  expenses    Sect.  38. 
after  twenty-eight  days  after  the  day  on  which 
the  candidates  returned  are  declared  elected  (s). 

(8)  In  the  case  of  a  candidate  or  his  election 
agent,  failure,  without  authorised  excuse,  to  com- 
ply with  the  requirements  of  sect.  33  of  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883,  as  to  the  return  and  declara- 
tion respecting  election  expenses  (if). 

(9)  Making  or  publishing  a  false  statement  of 
fact  in  relation  to  the  personal  character  or  con- 
duct of  a  candidate  for  the  purpose  of  affecting 
his  return,  unless  the  person  making  or  publishing 
such  statement  can  show  that  he  had  reasonable 
grounds  for  believing  and  did  believe  the  state- 
ment made  by  him  to  be  true  (u). 

(10)  Any   illegal    payment,    employment,    or 
hiring  by  a  candidate,  his  election  agent,  or  sub- 
agent    within    his   district,   if    personally   guilty 
thereof  (x). 

(11)  Acting   or   inciting    others    to  act   at    a 
political  meeting  in  a  disorderly  manner  for  the 
purpose   of   preventing    the    transaction    of    the 
business   for   which   the  meeting  was  called  to- 
gether, provided  that  such   meeting  is  a  lawful 
public  meeting  held  in  a  parliamentary  constitu- 

(s]  Hid.  B.  29  (4),  (5) ;  s.  25.  If,  however,  the  election  court 
reports  that  such  payment  was  made  without  the  sanction  or  con- 
nivance of  the  candidate,  his  election  will  not  be  void  nor  will  he 
be  subject  to  any  incapacity  by  reason  of  such  payment :  ibid. 
«.  29  (6). 

(t)  Ibid.  s.  33  (6).  As  to  the  position  of  the  sub-agent,  see  ibid. 
s.  25. 

(?t)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1895,  s.  1. 

(a?)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  ss.  21  (2),  25. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  38-  ency  between  the  date  of  the  issue  (V)  of  a  writ 
for  the  return  of  a  member  of  Parliament  for 
such  constituency  and  the  date  at  which  a  return 
to  such  writ  is  made  (a). 

(12)  Voting  for  more  constituencies  than  the 
voter  is  entitled  to  vote  for  in  accordance  with  the 
present  Act,  or  asking  for  a  ballot  or  voting  paper 
for  the  purpose  of  so  voting,  provided  that  (a)  the 
fact  that  any  person  has  asked  for  a  ballot  paper 
in  a  constituency  in  circumstances  which  entitle 
him  only  to   mark  a  tendered   ballot   paper   in 
pursuance  of   Rule  27  of  the  First  Part  of  the 
First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  shall  not, 
if  he  does  not  exercise   that  right,   prevent   his 
voting  or  asking  for  a  ballot  or  voting  paper  in 
another  constituency  (b)  ;  and  (b)  the  giving  of  a 
vote  by  a  returning  officer  in  pursuance  of  sect.  2 
of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  in  the  case  of  an  equality 
of  votes,  or  the  asking  for  a  ballot  paper  for  the 
purpose  of  so  voting,  shall  not,  for  the  purposes 
of  this  section,  be  deemed  to  be  the  giving  of  a 
vote  as  a  parliamentary  elector,  or  the  asking  for 
a  ballot  paper  for  the  purpose  of  so  voting  (b). 

(13)  In  the  case  of  a  person  who  is  for  the 
time  being  entitled  to  vote  by  proxy  in  a  con- 
stituency under  the  present  Act,  himself  voting 
or  attempting  to  vote  at  any  parliamentary  elec- 
tion  in  that  constituency  otherwise  than  by  means 

(z)  The  writ  is  issued  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons 
and  may  sometimes  not  be  received  by  the  returning  officer  in 
the  constituency  until  a  day  later. 

(«)  Public  Meeting  Act,  1908,  SB.  1,  2. 

(?>)  See  sect.  22  of  the  present  Act  and  pp.  166 — 167,  supra. 


PUNISHMENT  OY  ILLEGAL  PRACTICES.  299 

of  the  proxy  paper,  while  the  proxy  paper  is  in     Sect.  38. 
force  (<?). 

(14)  Voting  or  attempting  to  vote  as  proxy  on 
behalf  of  more  than  two  absent  voters  at  an  elec- 
tion in  any  constituency  unless  such  person   is 
voting  as  the  husband  or  wife,   or  the  parent, 
brother,  or  sister  of  the  absent  voter  (c). 

(15)  Voting  or  attempting  to  vote  at  any  elec- 
tion under  the  authority  of  a  proxy  paper  when 
such  person  knows  or  has  reasonable  grounds  for 
supposing  that  the  proxy  paper  has  been  cancelled, 
or  that  the  elector  to  whom  or  on  whose  behalf 
the  proxy  paper  has  been  issued  is  dead  or  no 
longer  entitled  to  vote  at  that  election  (c). 

A  person  guilty  of  an  illegal  practice  may  be 
prosecuted  in  the  manner  provided  by  the  Sum- 
mary Jurisdiction  Acts(^),  and  is  on  summary 
conviction  liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  100/.(r/), 
and  is  incapable,  during  a  period  of  five  years 
from  the  date  of  his  conviction,  of  being  regis- 
tered as  an  elector,  or  of  voting  at  any  election 
(whether  it  be  a  parliamentary  election  or  an 
election  for  a  public  office  (0),  held  for  or  within 
the  county  or  borough  in  which  the  illegal  prac- 
tice was  committed  (/). 

Further,  he  is  prohibited  from  voting  at  such 
election,  and  if  he  votes  his  vote  shall  be  void(^). 

(c)  Clause  (10)  of  the  Third  Schedule  to  the  present  Act,  see 
pp.  361—362,  infra. 

(d)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  54  (1). 

(e)  As  to  meaning  of  "public  office,"  see  sect.  63  of  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883. 

(/)  Ibid.  8.  10. 
(g)  Ibid.  s.  36. 


300  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect.  88.         X.   Illegal  payment  (K). — A  person  is  guilty  of 
illegal  payment  who — 

( 1 )  Knowingly  provides   money  for  any  pay- 
ment contrary  to  the  provisions  of  the  Corrupt 
Practices  Act,  1883,  or  for  any  expenses  incurred 
in  excess  of  any  maximum  amount  allowed  by 
the  said  Act,  or  for  replacing  any  money  expended 
in  any  such  payment  or  expenses,  except  where 
the  same  may  previously  have  been  allowed  as  an 
exception  (i) : 

(2)  Corruptly  induces  or   procures   any.  other 
person  to  withdraw  from  being  a  candidate  at  an 
election  in  consideration  of  any  payment  or  pro- 
mise of  payment,  or  so  withdraws  in  pursuance 
of  such  inducement  or  procure rnent(/r)  : 

(3)  Pays  or  receives  payment  or  contracts  for 
payment,  before,  during,  or  after  an  election,  for 
the  purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election 
of  a  candidate  at  any  election,  on  account  of  bands 
of  music,  torches,  flags,  banners,  cockades,  ribbons 
or  other  marks  of  distinction  (I). 

XL  Illegal  employment  (m). — A  person  is  guilty 
of  illegal  employment  who  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
moting or  procuring  the  election  of  a  candidate 
at  any  election  engages  or  employs,  or  is  for  the 
said  purpose  engaged  or  employed  by,  any  other 
person  for  payment  or  promise  of  payment  for 
any  purpose,  or  in  any  capacity  whatever,  except 
for  any  purposes  or  capacities  mentioned  in  the 

(h)  See  footnote  («)  on  p.  285,  supra. 

(i)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  13.     See  also  sect.  33  (1)  of  the 
present  Act,  p.  223,  supra. 

(A-)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  15. 

(Z)  Ibid.  s.  16. 

(m)  See  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 


ILLEGAL  HIRING. 

first  or  second  Parts  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the    Sect-  88 


Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  or  except  so  far  as 
payment  is  authorised  by  the  first  or  second  Parts 
of  the  said  Schedule  or  otherwise  by  the  said 
Act  (m). 

XII.  Illegal  hiring  (ri).  —  A  person  is  guilty  of 
illegal  hiring  who  — 

(1)  Lets,  lends,  or  employs,  for  the  purpose  of 
conveyance  «of  electors  to  or  from  the  poll,  any 
public  stage  or  hackney  carriage,  or  any  horse  or 
other  animal  kept  or  used  for  drawing  the  same, 
or  any  carriage,  horse,  or  other  animal,  which  he 
keeps  or  uses  for  the  purpose  of  letting  out  for 
hire,  knowing  that  it  is  intended  to  be  used  for 
the  purpose  of  the  conveyance  of  electors  to  or 
from  the  poll  (o)  ;  or 

(2)  Hires,  borrows,  or  uses,  for  the  purpose  of 
the  conveyance  of  electors  to  or  from  the  poll,  any 
carriage,  horse,  or  other  animal,  knowing  that  the 
owner  thereof  is  prohibited  from  letting,  lending, 
or  employing  it  for  that  purpose  (/>);  or 

(3)  Hires  or  uses  as  a  committee  room,  for  the 
purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  the  election  of 
a  candidate  at  an  election,  or  lets,  knowing  it  was 
intended  to  use  the  same  as  a  committee  room, 
any  premises  or  part  of  any  premises,  — 

(a)  On  which  the  sale  by  wholesale  or  retail  of 
any  intoxicating  Jiquor  is  authorised  by 
a  licence  (whether  the  licence  be  for 
consumption  on  or  off  the  premises)  ;  or 

(m]  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  17. 
(n)  See  footnote  (a)  on  p.  285,  supra. 
(o)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  14  (1). 
(p)  Ibid.  s.  14  (2). 


302  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Sect.  88.  (b)  Where  any  intoxicating  liquor  is  sold,  or  is 
supplied  to  members  of  a  club,  society, 
or  association,  other  than  a  permanent 
political  club  ;  or 

(c)  Whereon  refreshment  of  any  kind,  whether 

food  or  drink,  is  ordinarily  sold  for  con- 
sumption on  the  premises ;  or 

(d)  Of  any  public  elementary  school  in  receipt 

of  an  annual  parliamentary  grant ; 
but  the  provisions  of  (3)  (a),  (b),  (c),  (d),  above, 
do  not  apply  to  any  part  of  such  premises 
which  is  ordinarily  let  for  the  purpose  of  chambers 
or  offices,  or  the  holding  of  public  meetings  or  of 
arbitrations,  if  such  part  has  a  separate  entrance 
and  no  direct  communication  with  any  part  of  the 
premises  on  which  any  intoxicating  liquor  or  re- 
freshment is  sold  or  supplied  as  aforesaid  (q). 

A  person  guilty  of  an  offence  of  illegal  payment, 
employment,  or  hiring  may  be  prosecuted  in  the 
manner  provided  by  the  Summary  Jurisdiction 
Acts  (r),  and  shall,  on  summary  conviction,  be 
liable  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  100/.  (s). 

A  candidate,  or  an  election  agent  of  a  candi- 
date, who  is  personally  guilty  of  an  offence  of 
illegal  payment,  employment,  or  hiring,  is  guilty 
of  an  illegal  practice,  and  is  punishable  accord- 
ingly (t). 

As  to  the  words  in  the  second  paragraph  of  sect.  38, 
any  period  prescribed  as  the  period  within  which 
proceedings  may  be  commenced. — A  proceeding 

(q)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  20. 

(r)  Ibid.  s.  54  (1). 

(«)  Ibid.  B.  21  (1). 

(t)  Ibid.  e.  21  (2),  and  see  p.  299,  supra. 


RE-ARRANGEMENT  OF  POLLING  DISTRICTS.  303 

against  a  person  in  respect  of  the  offence  of  a  Sect.  88. 
corrupt  or  illegal  practice,  or  any  other  offence 
under  the  Corrupt  Practices  Prevention  Acts, 
must  be  commenced  within  one  year  after  the 
offence  was  committed,  or  if  it  was  committed  in 
reference  to  an  election  with  respect  to  which  an 
inquiry  is  held  by  election  commissioners  shall  be 
commenced  within  one  year  after  the  offence  was 
committed,  or  within  three  months  after  the 
report  of  such  commissioners  is  made,  whichever 
period  last  expires,  so  that  it  be  commenced 
within  two  years  after  the  offence  was  com- 
mitted (u).  In  the  case  of  offences  under  the 
Ballot  Act,  1872,  dealt  with  under  I.  and  II.  on 
pp.  285 — 287,  supra,  there  is  no  limit  of  time 
within  which  proceedings  must  be  commenced. 

By  sect.  38  of  the  present  Act,  this  period 
shall  be  reckoned  as  from  the  date  on  which 
the  person  charged  returned  to  the  United  King- 
dom next  after  the  commission  of  the  offence. 

39.  The  council  having  power  to  divide  Re-arrange- 
a  constituency  into  polling  districts  shall,  JSng 
not  later  than  one  month  after  the  passing  tomtit 
of   this    Act,   take   into   consideration   the 
division    of  the    constituency   into   polling- 
districts,  and  make  any  re-arrangements  of 
those  districts  and  of  polling  places  which 
it   appears   necessary  to  make  as  a  conse- 
quence of  alterations  effected  by  this  Act. 

NOTE. — The  council  having   power   here   re- 

(t*)  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1883,  s.  51  (1). 


304 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 


Sect.  39. 


Regulations 
to  be  laid 
before 
Parliament. 


ferred  to  is  the  County  Council.  See  Local 
Government  Act,  1888,  s.  3  (xii.). 

constituency. — As  to  the  meaning  of  this  word, 
see  sect.  41  (1),  p.  305,  infra. 

In  the  application  of  this  section  to  Scotland, 
by  sect.  43  (17)  (p.  323,  infra)  the  returning 
officer  is  substituted  for  the  council. 

As  to  Ireland,  see  sect.  44  (9),  pp.  332 — 333, 
infra. 

40. — (1)  All  rules,  regulations,  or  pro- 
visions made  by  Order  in  Council  under 
this  Act  shall  be  laid  before  each  House  of 
Parliament  forthwith  ;  and  unless  and  until 
an  address  is  presented  to  His  Majesty  by 
either  House  of  Parliament  within  the  next 
subsequent  twenty-one  days  on  which  that 
House  has  sat  next  after  any  such  rule, 
regulation,  or  provision  is  laid  before  it, 
praying  that  the  rule,  regulation,  or  pro- 
vision may  be  annulled,  the  rule,  regulation, 
or  provision  shall  have  effect  as  if  enacted 
in  this  Act. 

(2)  Any  Order  in  Council  under  this 
Act  may  be  revoked  or  varied  as  occasion 
requires  by  any  subsequent  Order  in  Council. 

NOTE. — The  Orders  in  Council  under  this  Act 
which  have,  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press,  been 
made  will  be  found  in  Appendices  I.  and  VI., 
infra. 


INTERPRETATION.  305 

41.  In  this  Act,  unless  the  context  other-    sect.  41. 
wise  requires, — 

*  tion. 

(1)  The  expression  "  constituency  "  means 

any  county,  borough,  or  combina- 
tion of  places,  or  university  or 
combination  of  universities,  return- 
ing a  member  to  serve  in  Parlia- 
ment ;  and,  where  a  county  or 
borough  is  divided  for  the  purpose 
of  parliamentary  elections,  means 
a  division  of  the  county  or  borough 
so  divided  ;  and  elections  for  any 
such  division  shall  be  held  in  'the 
same  manner  and  subject  to  the 
same  provisions  as  those  for  un- 
divided counties  or  boroughs  (x) : 

(2)  The    expression    "local    government 

electoral  area  "  means  the  area  for 
which  any  county  council,  muni- 
cipal borough  council,  metropolitan 
borough  council,  district  council, 
board  of  guardians,  parish  council, 
or  any  other  body  elected  at  the 
time  of  the  passing  of  this  Act  by 
persons  on  the  local  government 
register  or  on  the  register  of 
parochial  electors  is  elected ;  and 

(x)  For  a  list  of  counties,  boroughs,  combinations  of  places,  and 
universities  and  combinations  of  universities  returning  members  to 
serve  in  Parliament,  see  the  Ninth  Schedule  to  the  present  Act, 
pp.  404—554,  infra. 

Y.  20 


306  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  41.  the  expression  "  local  government 

election  "  means  an  election  for  any 
such  council,  board,  or  body  (y) : 

(3)  The    expression    "  general    election ' 

means  an  election  of  members  to 
serve  in  a  new  Parliament  of  the 
United  Kingdom : 

(4)  The  expression  "  university  constitu- 

ency "  means  a  constituency  con- 
sisting of  a  university  or  a  com- 
bination of  universities ;  and  the 
expression  "  university  election  " 
means  an  election  of  a  member 
or  members  of  Parliament  for  a 
university  constituency  (s)  : 

(5)  A  person  who  is  an  inmate  or  patient 

in  any  prison,  lunatic  asylum, 
workhouse,  poorhouse,  or  any 
other  similar  institution  shall  not 
by  reason  thereof  be  treated  as 
resident  therein  for  any  purpose 
of  this  Act  (a)  : 

(6)  The  expression  "  transferable  vote  "  (b) 

means  a  vote — 

(a)  capable  of  being  given  so  as 

(y)  See  sect.  3,  pp.  40  — 41,  s.  4  (3),  pp.  64—65,  and  s.  8  (2), 
pp.  101—102,  supra. 

(z)  For  a  list  of  university  constituencies,  see  the  Ninth  Schedule 
to  the  present  Act,  Part  III.,  p.  554,  infra.  As  to  university 
elections,  see  s.  36,  pp.  279 — 280,  supra. 

(a)  See  p.  15,  supra. 

(b]  See  sect.  20,  pp.  155—157,  and  pp.  158—160,  supra. 


INTERPRETATION.  307 

to  indicate  the  voter's  preference    Sect- 41- 
for  the  candidates  in  order ;  and 

(b)  capable  of  being  transferred 
to  the  next  choice  when  the  vote 
is  not  required  to  give  a  prior 
choice  the  necessary  quota  of 
votes,  or  when,  owing  to  the 
deficiency  in  the  number  of  the 
votes  given  for  a  prior  choice,  that 
choice  is  eliminated  from  the  list 
of  candidates  (c} : 

(7)  For    the    purposes   of  registration    a 

person's  age  shall  be  taken  to  be 
that  person's  age  on  the  last  day 
of  the  qualifying  period  (d) : 

(8)  The  expression  "  dwelling-house  "  in- 

cludes any  part  of  a  house  where 
that  part  is  occupied  separately 
as  a  dwelling-house  (e) : 

(9)  The  yearly  value  of  land  or  premises 

shall  be  taken  to  be  the  gross 
estimated  rental,  or  in  the  metro- 
polis the  gross  value,  where  those 
premises  are  separately  assessed  to 
rates,  and  in  any  other  case  shall 
be  deemed  to  be  the  amount 
which  would  in  the  opinion  of  the 

(c)  See  sect.  20,  pp.  155 — 157,  and  pp.  158—160,  supra, 
(d}  See  pp.  4  and  81,  supra, 
(e)  See  pp.  49 — 55  and  70,  supra. 
20  (2) 


308  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

^ec^3^  registration    officer   be    the    gross 

estimated  rental  or  gross  value,  as 
the  case  requires  if  they  were 
separately  assessed  (/) : 

(10)  The    expression    "  afloat "    and   ex- 

pressions relating  to  service  afloat 
in  connection  with  naval  and  mili- 
tary voters  shall  be  interpreted  in 
accordance  with  rules  (g)  made  for 
the  purpose  by  the  Admiralty  (h) : 

(11)  The  expression  "  prescribed  "  means 

prescribed  by  His  Majesty  by 
Order  in  Council. 

Adaptation  42.  The  parliamentary  and  the  local 
government  franchises  enacted  by  this  Act 
shall  take  the  place  of  all  parliamentary 
and,  so  far  as  respects  local  government 
elections  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  of 
all  local  government  franchises  existing  at 
the  time  of  the  passing  of  this  Act ;  and 
the  provisions  set  out  in  the  Sixth  Schedule 
to  this  Act  with  respect  to  the  adaptation 
of  Acts  shall  have  effect  for  the  purpose  of 
adapting  the  law  to  the  provisions  of  this 
Act. 

NOTE. — For  the  Sixth  Schedule  to  this  Act,  see 
pp.  386— 390,  infra. 

(/)  See  pp.  28-33,  68—69,  71,  supra. 

(g)  Set  out  on  p.  628,  infra. 

(h)  See  sect.  5  (3)  (ii),  pp.  77—78,  and  pp.  83—84,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  809 

43.  This    Act   shall   apply   to    Scotland,    sect.  43. 
subject  to  the  following  modifications  :—         topscltiand 

(1)  Unless    the    context    otherwise    re- 
quires— 

(a)  The    word    "  borough"    ex- 
cept  as   used    in    the    expression 
"parliamentary   borough"    means 
"  burgh  "  ; 

(b)  The  expression  "  local  govern- 
ment  electoral   area"   means   the 
area  for  which  any  county  council, 
town   council,    parish   council,    or 
school  board,  is  elected,  and  "  local 
government    election "    means    an 
election  for  any  such   council  or 
board  ; 

(c)  The   expression  "  the   Local 
Government  Board  "  (except  where 
otherwise       expressly       provided) 
means  the  Secretary  for  Scotland ; 

(d)  The   expression   "  Valuation 

Acts  "  means  the  Lands  Valuation  n&isvict. 
(Scotland)  Act,  1854,  and  any  Acts  °*9L 
amending  the  same ; 

(e)  The   expression    "  governing 
body  '    used  in  relation  to  a  uni- 
versity means  the  university  court ; 

(  f )  A  reference  to  the  Supreme 
Court  shall  be  construed  as  a 
reference  to  the  Court  of  Session  ; 


310  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  19  L8. 

Sect' 43-  (g)  A  reference  to  the  Court  of 

Appeal  shall  be  construed  as  a 
reference  to  the  Court  of  three 
judges  of  the  Court  of  Session 
constituted  by  the  twenty-third 
section  of  the  Representation  of 
the  People  (Scotland)  Act,  1868  ; 

(h)  A  reference  to  the  county 
court  shall  be  construed  as  a  refer- 
ence to  the  sheriff  court : 

(2)  The  yearly  value  of  any  subjects  shall 

be  taken  to  be  the  value  appearing 
in  the  valuation  roll  where  those 
subjects  are  separately  valued  in 
that  roll,  and  in  any  other  case 
shall  be  deemed  to  be  the  value 
which  would  in  the  opinion  of 
the  registration  officer  be  entered 
therein  if  they  were  so  valued  («') : 

(3)  The  section  (£)  of  this  Act  relating  to 

local  government  franchise  (men) 
shall  not  apply,  and  in  lieu 
thereof — * 

(a)  A  man  who  is  of  full  age  and 
not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity 
shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  a  local  government  elector  for  a 
local  government  electoral  area  if 

(i)  See  sect.  1  (3),  p.  3,  sect.  4  (1)  (c),  p.  64,  and  sect.  7  (1)  (b), 
p.  98,  supra. 

(&)  See  sect.  3,  pp.  40 — 41,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  311 

he  is  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualify-    sect.  43. 
ing  period  and  has  been  during  the 
whole  of  that  period — 

(i)  the  owner  of  lands  and  heri- 
tages within  the  area  of  the  yearly 
yalue  of  not  less  than  ten  pounds  : 
Where  such  lands  and  heritages 
are  in  the  joint  ownership  of  two 
or  more  persons  and  the  aggregate 
yearly  value  of  the  lands  and 
heritages  is  not  less  than  the 
amount  produced  by  multiplying 
ten  pounds  by  the  number  of  the 
joint  owners,  each  of  the  joint 
owners  shall  be  treated  as  owning 
lands  and  heritages  of  the  yearly 
value  of  not  less  than  ten  pounds  ; 
or 

(ii)  the  occupier  as  tenant  of 
lands  and  heritages  within  the 
area  of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less 
than  ten  pounds :  Where  such 
lands  and  heritages  are  in  the  joint 
occupation  as  tenants  of  two  or 
more  persons,  and  the  aggregate 
yearly  value  of  the  lands  and 
heritages  is  not  less  than  the 
amount  produced  by  multiplying 
ten  pounds  by  the  number  of  the 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

43.  joint  occupiers,  each  of  the  joint 

occupiers  shall  be  treated  as  oc- 
cupying lands  and  heritages  of  the 
yearly  value  of  not  less  than  ten 
pounds;  or 

(iii)  the  inhabitant  occupier  as 
owner  or  tenant  of  a  dwelling- 
house  within  the  area  ;  or 

(iv)  the  occupier  of  lodgings 
within  the  area  of  the  yearly  value 
if  let  unfurnished  of  not  less  than 
ten  pounds  :  Where  such  lodgings 
are  in  the  joint-occupation  of  not 
more  than  two  persons  and  the 
aggregate  yearly-  value  as  aforesaid 
of  the  lodgings  is  not  less  than 
twenty  pounds,  each  of  the  joint 
lodgers  shall  be  treated  as  occupy- 
ing lodgings  of  the  yearly  value  of 
not  less  than  ten  pounds  :  or 

(vj  the  inhabitant  occupier  by 
virtue  of  any  office,  service,  or  em- 
ployment of  a  dwelling  -  house 
within  the  area  which  is  not  in- 
habited by  the  person  in  whose 
service  he  is  in  such  office,  service, 
or  employment : 

(b)  The  ownership  or  occupation 
in  immediate  succession  of  different 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  313 

lands  and  heritages,  dwelling-  sect.  43. 
houses,  or  lodgings,  as  the  case 
may  be,  in  the  same  parliamentary 
county  or  in  the  same  parliamentary 
borough  shall  have  the  like  effect 
in  qualifying  a  man  to  be  regis- 
tered as  a  local  government  elector 
for  a  local  government  electoral 
area  therein,  respectively,  as  the 
continued  ownership  or  occupation 
of  the  same  lands  and  heritages, 
dwelling-houses,  or  lodgings  within 
that  area ; 

(c)  In  this  section  "owner" 
shall  include  heir  of  entail  in 
possession,  life-renter,  and  bene- 
ficiary entitled  under  any  trust  to 
the  rents  and  profits  of  lands  and 
heritages  and  shall  not  include  the 
fiar  of  lands  and  heritages  subject 
to  a  life-rent,  nor  tutor,  curator, 
judicial  factor,  nor  commissioner; 
4  *  lands  and  heritages''  has  the 
same  meaning  as  in  the  Valuation 
Acts,  and  "  dwelling-house  "  means 
any  house  or  part  of  a  house  occu- 
pied as  a  separate  dwelling : 
(4)  Subsection  (1)  of  the  section  (I)  of  this 

(?)  See  sect.  4,  pp.  63  —  64,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 43-  Act  relating  to  franchises  (women) 

shall     not     apply,     and     in     lieu 
thereof- 

(a)  A  woman  who  is  not  subject 
to    any   legal    incapacity   shall   be 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  par- 
liamentary elector  for  a  constitu- 
ency    (other     than     a    university 
constituency)   if  she   has  attained 
the   age    of   thirty   years,    and    if 
either    she    or  her  husband  is  on 
the    last    day    of    the    qualifying 
period     occupying    as    owner     or 
tenant  any  land  or  premises  in  the 
constituency    (hereinafter    in    this 
subsection  called  "  the   qualifying 
premises "),    and    has    during   the 
whole  of  the  qualifying  period  so 
occupied  any  land  or  premises  in 
the  county  or  county  of  a  city  in 
which  the  qualifying  premises  are 
situated  : 

(b)  For  the  purposes  of  this  sub- 
section— 

(i)  the  word  "tenant"  shall 
include  a  person  who  inhabits  by 
virtue  of  any  office,  service,  or  em- 
ployment any  dwelling-house  which 
is  not  inhabited  by  the  person  in 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  315 

whose  service  he  or  she  is  in  such    sect.  43. 
office,  service,  or  employment : 

(ii)  the  word  "  tenant "  shall 
include  a  person  who  occupies  a 
room  or  rooms  as  a  lodger  only 
where  such  room  or  rooms  are  let 
to  him  or  her  in  an  unfurnished 
state : 

(iii)  the  expression  "land  or 
premises  "  means  any  land  or  pre- 
mises (other  than  a  dwelling-house) 
of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less  than 
five  pounds  or  any  dwelling-house : 

(iv)  a  woman,  though  she  or  her 
husband  may  have  been  occupying 
land  or  premises  in  the  con- 
stituency on  the  last  day  of  the 
qualifying  period,  shall  not  be  en- 
titled to  be  so  registered,  if  she  or 
her  husband,  as  the  case  may  be, 
commenced  to  occupy  the  land 
or  premises  within  thirty  days 
before  the  end  of  the  qualifying 
period  and  ceased  to  occupy  them 
within  thirty  days  after  the  com- 
mencement of  such  occupation  ; 

(v)  the  word  "  county  "  means  a 
county  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
therein  except  a  county  of  a  city, 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

8601:43  and  the  word  "dwelling-house" 

means  any  house  or  part  of  a  house 
occupied  as  a  separate  dwelling  : 

(vi)  where  land  or  premises  are 
in  the  joint  occupation  of  two  or 
more  persons,  each  of  the  joint 
occupiers  shall  be  treated  as  occupy- 
ing the  same,  provided  that  not 
more  than  two  joint  occupiers  shall 
be  so  treated  in  respect  of  the 
same  land  or  premises,  unless  they 
are  bona  fide  engaged  as  partners, 
carrying  on  their  profession,  trade, 
or  business  on  the  land  or  premises, 
and  provided  further  that  in 
the  case  of  land  or  premises 
(other  than  a  dwelling  -  house) 
the  aggregate  yearly  value  thereof 
must  be  not  less  than  the 
amount  produced  by  multiplying 
five  pounds  by  the  number  of  joint 
occupiers : 

(c)  A  woman  registered  by  virtue 
of  this  section  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  registered  by  virtue  of  her  own 
or  her  husband's  local  government 
qualification  : 

(5)  Subsection  (1)  of  the  section  (/)  of  this 

(/)  See  sect.  7,  pp.  98—99,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  317 

Act  relating  to  supplemental  pro-  sect.  43. 
visions  as  to  residence  and  occupa- 
tion shall  not  apply  except  in  so 
far  as  that  subsection  relates  to  the 
parliamentary  franchise  for  men, 
and  subsection  (4)  ( /)  of  the  said  sec- 
tion shall  not  apply  (m)  : 

(6)  The  section  (n)  of  this  Act  relating  to 

provisions  as  to  disqualifications 
shall  have  effect  as  if  the  following 
provision  were  enacted  therein  : 

A  person  shall  not  be  disqualified 
from  being  registered  or  from 
voting  as  a  parliamentary  or  local 
government  elector  by  reason  that 
he  is  the  town  clerk  or  depute 
town  clerk  of  any  burgh  or  the 
assessor  under  the  Valuation  Acts 
in  any  burgh  or  county : 

(7)  The  section  (0)  of  this  Act  relating  to 

provision  as  to  qualification  of 
councillor  shall  not  apply  : 

(8)  The  section  (p)  of  this  Act  relating  to 

registration  officers  and  areas  shall 
not  apply,  and  in  lieu  thereof — 
Each   burgh,   the   town  council 

(0  Seep.  100. 

(w)  See  pp.  56—57,  s.  4,  pp.  63—65,  69—70,  and  74. 

(n)  See  sect.  9,  pp.  112—115,  supra. 

(o)  See  sect.  10,  p.  123,  supra. 

(p}  See  sect.  12,  pp.  130—131,  supra. 


318  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

sect.  43.  whereof  was    entitled    under    the 

law  in  force  at  the  passing  of  this 
Act  to  appoint  an  assessor  for  the 
purpose  of  parliamentary  registra- 
tion, and  each  county  (exclusive  of 
every  such  burgh),  or,  where  any 
county  is  divided  for  the  purpose 
of  parliamentary  elections,  each 
part  of  the  county  (with  the  like 
exclusion)  which  lies  within  a 
separate  parliamentary  division, 
shall  be  a  registration  area  ;  and 
the  assessor  of  the  burgh  or  county 
under  the  Valuation  Acts,  or 
where  there  are  two  or  more  such 
assessors,  one  of  them  appointed 
for  the  purpose  of  parliamentary 
registration  by  the  town  or  county 
council,  as  the  case  may  be,  shall 
be  the  registration  officer  of  that 
area,  and  all  other  assessors  (if  any) 
in  that  area  shall,  for  the  purpose 
of  the  registration  of  parliamentary 
and  local  government  electors,  be 
subject  to  the  instructions  of  the 
registration  officer  and  shall  be 
bound  to  act  on  such  instructions  : 
Provided  that,  from  and  after 
the  date  when  the  first  register 
under  this  Act  shall  have  been 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  310 

completed,  an  officer  of  Inland  Sect- 43- 
Revenue  shall  not  be  appointed  or 
continue  to  act  as  assessor  for 
any  burgh  or  county  under  the 
Valuation  Acts  without  the  consent 
of  the  Treasury : 

(9)  The  provisions  regarding  the  appoint- 

ment of  an  assistant  judge  in  the 
section  (q)  of  this  Act  relating  to 
appeals  shall  not  apply  : 

(10)  In  the  application  of  the  section  (r) 

of  this  Act  relating  to  right  to  the 
use  of  elementary  schools  the  ex- 
pression "  any  public  elementary 
school "  means  "any  school  in 
receipt  of  a  parliamentary  grant  "  : 

(11)  The  first  subsection  of  the  section  (s) 

of  this  Act  relating  to  expenses  of 
registration  shall  not  apply,  and  in 
lieu  thereof— 

Any  expenses  properly  incurred 
by  any  registration  officer  in  the 
performance  of  his  duties  in 
relation  to  registration,  including 
all  proper  and  reasonable  charges 
for  trouble,  care,  and  attention  in 
the  performance  of  those  duties 

(q}  See  sect.  14  (6),  pp.  136—137,  supra. 
(r)  See  sect.  25,  pp.  204—205,  supra. 
(«)  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139—140,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 43.  and  any  cost  incurred  by  him  as 

party  to  an  appeal  (in  this  Act 
referred  to  as  "  registration  ex- 
penses "),  shall  be  paid  by  the 
council  appointing  the  registration 
officer :  Provided  that,  where  a 
burgh  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Local  Government  (Scotland)  Act, 
1889,  is  not  a  separate  registration 
area,  the  council  thereof  shall  pay 
to  the  council  appointing  the 
registration  officer  a  contribution 
towards  the  registration  expenses, 
and  subsection  (4)  of  section  sixty 
and  section  sixty-six  of  that  Act 
shall  apply,  with  the  necessary 
modifications,  to  such  contribution. 
The  amount  necessary  to  defray 
any  registration  expenses  or  any 
contribution  thereto,  as  the  case 
may  be,  shall  be  assessed  and  levied 
in  any  one  of  the  modes  allowed 
by  the  Valuation  Acts  with  respect 
to  the  costs  and  expenses  of  making 
up  the  valuation  roll : 
(12)  In  subsection  (5)  of  the  section (t)  of 
this  Act  relating  to  expenses  of 
registration  the  expression  "the 
"  council  whose  clerk  the  registra- 

(t)  See  sect.  15  (5),  p,  141,  ivpra. 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  321 

"tion     officer     is "     means     "the    sect. 43. 
"  council   appointing  the  registra- 
tion officer"  : 

(13)  The  sections  (w)  of  this  Act  relating  to 
returning  officers  and  to  discharge 
of  returning  officers'  duties  by  an 
acting  returning  officer  shall  not 
apply,  and  in  lieu  thereof : — 

The  returning  officer  at  parlia- 
mentary elections  (other  than  a 
university  election)  shall  as  hereto- 
fore be  the  sheriff  of  the  sheriffdom 
within  which  the  constituency  is 
wholly  situated  or,  where  the  con- 
stituency is  situated  in  more  than 
one  sheriffdom,  the  sheriff  specified 
in  the  Seventh  Schedule  (x)  to  this 
Act,  and  the  power  of  appointing 
deputies  conferred  by  section  eight 
of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  on  certain 
sheriffs  shall  be  exerciseable  by  any 
sheriff  who  is  returning  officer  for 
more  than  one  constituency  or 
who,  by  reason  of  sickness  or  un- 
avoidable absence,  is  incapacitated 
from  performing  any  of  the  duties 
devolving  upon  him  as  returning 
officer,  and  in  the  event  of  no 

(u]  See  sects.  28  and  30,  pp.  211  and  217 — 218,  supra. 
(a?)  Set  out  on  p.  391,  infra. 
F.  21 


322  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect-  43.  such  appointment  being  made  by  a 

sheriff  so  incapacitated  or  in  the 
event  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office 
of  sheriff  at  the  time  when  any 
of  such  duties  require  to  be  per- 
formed, the  sheriff  substitute  at 
the  place  at  which  the  writ  for 
the  election  is  appointed  to  be 
received  shall  act  as  returning 
officer,  and  shall  perform  all  the 
duties  and  have  all  the  powers 
(including  the  power  of  appointing 
deputies)  of  such  returning  officer  : 

(14)  Notwithstanding    the    provisions    of 

subsection  ( 1 )  of  the  section  (x)  of 
this  Act  relating  to  polls  to  be  held 
'on  one  day  at  a  general  election, 
etc.,  the  poll  at  any  general  or 
bye -election  for  the  constituency 
of  Orkney  and  Zetland  shall  remain 
open  for  two  consecutive  days  as 
heretofore  : 

(15)  The  provisions  of  the  last  paragraph 

of  the  section  (y)  of  this  Act  re- 
lating to  register  for  university 
constituencies  shall  not  apply,  and 
the  said  section  shall  have  effect 
as  if  regulation  sixteen  of  section 

(x]  See  sect.  21,  p.  161,  supra. 

(y]  See  sect.  19,  pp.  153 — 154,  su,pr<t. 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  323 

two  of  the   Universities   Elections    sect,  as. 
Amendment  (Scotland)  Act,  1881,  £* 4»  Vict- 
were  enacted  therein  in  lieu  of  the 
said  paragraph : 

(16)  The  section  (0)  of  this  Act  relating  to 

place   of  election  shall  not  apply, 
and  in  lieu  thereof : — 

In  the  case  of  parliamentary 
elections  (other  than  an  election  for 
a  university  constituency),  the  place 
of  election  shall  be  a  convenient 
room  situated  in  such  place  as 
the  Secretary  for  Scotland  may  by 
order  from  time  to  time  determine : 

(17)  In  the  application  of  the  section  (a) 

of  this  Act  relating  to  division  of 
constituency  into  polling  districts 
and  appointment  of  polling  places, 
and  of  the  section  (b)  of  this  Act 
relating  to  re-arrangement  of 
polling  districts  to  suit  new  con- 
stituencies, the  returning  officer 
shall  be  substituted  for  the  council 
having  a  power  or  duty  under  those 
sections  to  divide  a  constituency 
into  polling  districts,  and  the  Lord 

(z]  See  sect.  32,  pp.  222—223,  supra. 
(a)  See  sect.  31,  pp.  220—222,  supra. 
(6)  See  sect.  39,  p.  303,  supra. 

21(2) 


REPKESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 43-  Advocate  shall   be  substituted  for 

the  Local  Government  Board : 

(18)  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this 
Act  it  shall  not  in  the  year 
nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen  and 
subsequent  years  be  necessary- 
fa)  As  regards  any  burgh  or  any 
registration  unit  therein,  if  the 
town  council  of  the  burgh  so 
resolve,  to  show  or  distingviish  in 
any  spring  register  the  names  of 
persons  entitled  to  vote  as  local 
government  electors  ;  or 

(b)  As  regards  any  county  or 
any  registration  unit  therein,  .if 
the  county  council  of  the  county 
so  resolve,  to  show  or  distinguish 
in  any  register  other  than  the 
autumn  register  in  those  years  in 
which  county  council  elections  fall 
to  be  held  the  names  of  persons 
entitled  to  vote  as  local  government 
electors : 

Provided  that— 

(i)  a  resolution  under  this  sec- 
tion shall  not  have  effect  unless 
it  is  passed  as  respects  the  spring 
register  in  any  year  before  the  first 
day  of  January  in  that  year,  and  as 


APPLICATION  TO  SCOTLAND.  325 

respects  the  autumn  register  in  any    sect.  43. 
year  before  the  first  day  of  July  in 
that  year  ; 

(ii)  for  all  the  purposes  of  the 
registration  of  local  government 
electors  in  any  burgh  or  county  or 
registration  unit  therein  to  which 
any  such  resolution  applies,  the 
last  preceding  local  government 
register  shall  remain  in  force  until 
a  new  local  government  register 
comes  into  force  : 

In  this  subsection  "  burgh"  has 
the  same  meaning  as  in  the  Town 
Councils  (Scotland)  Act,  1900,  and  es&eivict. 
"  county  "  means  a  county  exclusive  ° 
of  any  such  burgh  : 

(19)  Except  as  expressly  provided  in  this 
Act- 
fa)  Nothing  in  this  Act  shall 
take  effect  so  as  to  deprive  any 
royal  or  parliamentary  burgh  losing 
separate  representation  under  this 
Act  of  any  right  privilege,  or 
status,  whether  for  purposes  of 
local  government  or  otherwise, 
hitherto  enjoyed  by  such  burgh  as 
a  royal  or  parliamentary  burgh  ;  and 
(b)  Nothing  in  this  Act  or  in  any 


326  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 43-  Act  in  force  at  the  passing  of  this 

Act  as  read  with  this  Act  shall 
take  effect  so  as  to  confer  upon 
any  police  burgh  acquiring  separate 
representation  under  this  Act  any 
rights,  privileges,  or  status,  whether 
for  purposes  of  local  government  or 
otherwise,  not  enjoyed  by  other 
police  burghs. 

In  this  subsection  the  references 
to  royal,  parliamentary,  or  police 
burghs  shall  be  deemed  to  include 
references  to  the  magistrates,  town 
councils,  and  officers  thereof, 
respectively,  and  the  expression 
"  separate  representation  "  shall  be 
construed  as  meaning  the  right  to 
return,  or  to  contribute  as  a  burgh 
to  return,  a  member,  or  members 
to  Parliament. 


Application        44.    This    Act    shall    apply   to    Ireland 
reiand.      sukject  to  the  following  modifications  :— 

(1)  References  to  the  Lord  Chancellor 
shall  be  construed  as  references 
to  the  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ireland. 
The  Lord  Chancellor  shall  not 
sit  as  a  member  of  the  Court  of 
Appeal  011  the  hearing  of  appeals  (a) 
from  the  county  court  under  this 
Act. 


(a)  See  sect.  14,  pp.  135 — 137,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  IRELAND. 

In  any  county  in  which  the  Sect- 44- 
jurisdiction  of  the  county  court  is 
exercised  for  the  time  being  by 
two  or  more  county  court  judges, 
the  appeals  from  the  registration 
officer  shall  be  dealt  with  by  such 
one  of  those  judges  or  his  assistant 
judge  as  may  be  directed  by  the 
Lord  Chancellor,  or  shall  be  dis- 
tributed amongst  those  judges  and 
their  assistant  judges  according  as 
may  be  so  directed. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  Act, 
county  court  rules,  orders,  and 
scales  of  fees,  costs,  and  charges 
may  be  made  under  sections 
seventy-nine,  eighty-three,  and 
eighty-four  of  the  County  Officers 
and  Courts  (Ireland)  Act,  1877 ;  40  &«  vict. 
but  the  provisions  of  those  sections  c 
as  to  the  concurrence  of,  or  certi- 
fication by,  county  court  judges  or 
the  recorder  shall  not  apply  : 

(2)  The  reference  (b)  to  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Board  in  relation  to  the 
approval  of  a  deputy  for  the 
execution  of  any  of  the  powers 
and  duties  of  a  registration  officer 
shall  be  construed  as  a  reference 
to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  and  other 
references  to  that  Board  shall  be 

(/>)  See  sect.  12  (3),  pp.  130—131,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 44-  construed  as  references  to  the  Local 

Government  Board  for  Ireland  : 
(3) — (a)  The  clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace 
for  an  administrative  county,  not 
being  a  county  borough,  shall  be 
the  registration  officer  for  any 
parliamentary  county  which  is 
coterminous  with,  or  the  whole  or 
greater  part  of  which  is  contained 
in,  the  administrative  county,  and 
for  any  parliamentary  borough  of 
which  the  whole  or  greater  part  is 
contained  in  the  administrative 
county  and  no  part  is  contained  in 
a  county  borough,  and  the  clerk 
of  the  crown  and  peace  for  a 
county  borough  shall  be  the  regis- 
tration officer  for  any  parliamentary 
borough  which  is  coterminous  with, 
or  the  whole  or  any  part  of 
which  is  contained  in,  the  county 
borough  (c)9  and  the  council  of  that 
administrative  county  or  county 
borough,  as  the  case  may  be, 
shall  be  the  council  by  which 
the  registration  expenses  of  that 
registration  officer  are  to  be  paid, 
subject  in  cases  where  the  parlia- 
mentary county  or  parliamentary 
borough  is  not  coterminous  with, 
or  wholly  contained  in,  the  admin- 
istrative county  or  county  borough, 

(c)  See  sect.  12  (2),  p.  130,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  IRELAND.  329 

as  the  case  may  be,  to  such  con-  Sect- 44- 
tribution  by  the  council  of  any 
other  administrative  couijty  or 
county  borough  as  the  Local 
Government  Board  may  direct  (d) : 
Provided  that  the  registration  ex- 
penses to  be  paid  by  a  council 
shall  not  include  any  charges  for 
trouble,  care,  and  attention,  in 
the  performance  of  duties  which 
are  performed  by  the  registration 
officer  in  person :  Provided  also 
that  the  persons  who,  at  the  passing 
of  this  Act,  are  town  clerks  for  the 
county  borough  of  Dublin  and  the 
county  borough  of  Belfast,  respec- 
tively, shall,  so  long  as  they  hold 
their  respective  offices,  be  the 
registration  officers  for  the  parlia- 
mentary borough  of  Dublin  and 
the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Belfast,  respectively,  and  that  the 
last  preceding  proviso  shall  not 
apply  in  their  case. 

(b)  The  registration  expenses  (d) 
shall  be  paid  in  the  case  of  the 
council  of  a  county  borough,  out 
of  the  rate  or  fund  out  of  which 
the  general  expenses  of  the  council 
are  paid,  or  out  of  any  other  rate 
or  fund  which  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Board  may  on  the  applica- 

(d)  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139—141,  supra. 


330  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 44-  tion  of  the  council  approve,  and, 

in  the  case  of  a  council  of  any 
other  administrative  county,  out 
of  the  poor  rate  as  a  county  at 
large  charge,  except  in  cases  ta 
which  section  twelve  of  the  Parlia- 
48  &  49  vict.  mentary  Registration  (Ireland)  Act, 

1885,  applies  (e) : 

(c)  In  the  event  of  any  vacancy 
in  the  office  of  registration  officer 
or  in  the  event  of  the  registration 
officer's     incapacity    to     act,    the 
powers  and  duties  of  the  registra- 
tion officer  may  be  exercised  and 
performed  by   any  person  tempo  - 
rarily  appointed  in  that  behalf  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor  (/) : 

(d)  The     power    of     advancing 
sums   to  a  registration  officer   on 
account   of   registration    expenses 
shall  be  exerciseable  by  the  council 
by  which  those  expenses  are  to  be 
paid  (g)  : 

(e)  This  section,  in  its  applica- 
tion to  the  county  of  Tipperary, 
shall  have  effect  as  if  each  parlia- 
mentary  division    of    the    county 
were     a     separate    parliamentary 
county,  and  as  if  the  clerk  of  the 
crown   and   peace   for   the    entire 


(e}  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139 — 141,  supra. 
(/)  See  sect.  12  (4),  p.  131,  supra. 
(0)  See  sect.  15  (5),  p.  141,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  IRELAND. 


331 


county   were  clerk   of  the  crown    Sect- 
and  peace   for  the   administrative 
counties  of  the  North  Riding  and 
the  South  Riding  respectively : 

(4)  Where   an    administrative    county   is 

divided  into  ridings  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  may,  by  order,  divide 
the  parliamentary  county  into  a 
corresponding  number  of  registra- 
tion areas,  and  make  any  adap- 
tations of  this  Act  which  may  be 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the 
division,  and  the  clerk  of  the 
crown  and  peace  for  any  riding 
shall  be  registration  officer  (h)  for 
such  of  those  areas  as  may  be 
directed  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant : 

(5)  For  the  purposes  of  appeals  from  the 

registration  officer,  and  also  for 
the  purpose  of  the  revision  of 
jurors'  lists,  the  powers  and  juris- 
diction of  the  county  court  shall, 
unless  and  until  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant otherwise  direct,  be  exer- 
cised, as  respects  the  parliamentary 
borough  of  Dublin,  by  the  persons 
who  are  at  the  time  of  the 
passing  of  this  Act  Dublin  revising 
barristers,  and  as  respects  the 
parliamentary  county  of  Dublin  by 
the  person  who  is  at  the  time  of 
the  passing  of  this  Act  revising 

(h)  See  sect,  12,  pp.  130—131,  8i>i>ra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ALT,  1918. 

Sect-44;  barrister    for    that    county  ;    but 

while  those  powers  are  so  exer- 
cised, the  provisions  of  this  Act 
as  to  county  courts  shall  apply  to 
those  persons  as  they  apply  to 
county  courts,  with  the  necessary 
modifications,  and  in  particular 
with  the  modification  that  assistant 
judges  may  be  appointed  to  assist 
those  persons  if,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Lord  Chancellor,  such  appoint- 
ment is  necessary  in  order  to 
enable  the  appeals  to  be  disposed 
of  with  proper  dispatch  (t)  : 

(6)  The  expenses  of  any  printing  required 

in  connection  with  registration 
shall  be  treated  as  part  of  the 
expenses  (k)  of  the  registration 
officer  under  this  Act,  notwith- 
standing that  the  printing  is  ar- 
ranged for  by  the  county  council 
under  section  ninety-six  of  the 
6i  &  62  vict.  Local  Government  (Ireland)  Act, 

1898: 

(7)  The  expression  "  assistant  overseer  "  (/) 

means  a  town  clerk,  secretary  of  a 
county  council,  clerk  of  an  urban 
district  council,  an  existing  clerk 
of  the  union,  within  the  meaning 
of  the  Local  Government  (Ireland) 

(/)  See  sect.  14,  pp.  135 — 137,  supra, 
(k)  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139 — 141,  supra. 
(/)  See  sect.  18,  pp.  148—149,  tuprtt. 


APPLICATION  TO  IRELAND.  333 

Act,  1898,  and  a  collector  of  poor    Sect- 44- 
rate  : 

(8)  Notwithstanding  the  limit  imposed  in 

subsection  (2)  of  section  twenty- 
seven  of  the  County  Officers  and 
Courts  (Ireland)  Act,  1877,  the 
salaries  of  clerks  of  the  crown  and 
peace  may  be  increased  by  orders 
made  under  that  subsection  to 
such  extent  as  appears  to  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Council,  with  the 
concurrence  of  the  Treasury,  to  be 
proper,  haying  regard  to  the  addi- 
tional duties  imposed  on  those 
officers  by  this  Act(m) :  Provided 
that  the  liability  of  a  clerk  of  the 
crown  and  peace  to  account  for 
sums  other  than  registration  ex- 
penses received  by  him  as  registra- 
tion officer  shall  not  extend  to  any 
such  increase  of  salary  : 

(9)  The  provisions  (n)  with  respect  to  the 

division  of  constituency  into  polling 
districts  and  appointment  of  polling 
places  shall  have  effect  with  the 
following  modifications : — 

(a)  A  reference  to  the  council  by 
which  the  registration  expenses  of 
the  registration  officer  for  any 
constituency  are  to  be  paid  shall 
be  substituted  for  the  reference  to 


(m)  See  sect.  44  (3)  (a),  pp.  328—329,  supra. 
(n)  See  sect.  31,  pp.  220—222,  supra. 


334  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Sect- 44  the  council  whose  clerk  the  regis- 

tration officer  for  any  constituency 
is,  or  by  whom  the  registration 
officer  is  appointed  (-n) : 

(b)  The    powers    of    a    council 
under  the  said  provisions  shall  be 
exercised  in  accordance  with  rules 
made  by   the   Local   Government 
Board,    and   any    exercise    of  the 
powers   shall   be   subject   to    con- 
firmation by  that  Board  who  may 
confirm  the  proposed  division,  ap- 
pointment or  alteration  either  with 
or  without  modifications,   or  may 
withhold  confirmation  (n)  : 

(c)  The  Board  may  cause  a  local 
inquiry  to  be  held  as  respects  any 
questions    arising    in     connection 
with  the  said  provisions,  and  article 
thirty-two  of  the  schedule  to  the 
Local  Government  (Application  of 
Enactments)    Order,     1898,     shall 
apply  to  any  such  inquiry  (n) : 

(10)  Part  IV.  of  this  Act  (o),  and  the 
provisions  with  respect  to  an  urban 
district  which  is  coterminous  with, 
or  wholly  contained  in,  a  registra- 
tion area  (p),  or  with  respect  to 
the  persons  who  are  to  be  return- 
ing officers  (<y),  or  with  respect  to 

(»)  See  sect.  31,  pp.  220—222,  supra. 

(o)  See  sect.  37,  pp.  282—283,  supra. 

(p)  See  sect.  16  (1),  p.  145,  supra. 

(<?)  See  sect.  28,  p.  211,  and  pp.  212—214,  supra. 


APPLICATION  TO  IRELAND.  3 

the  discharge  of  returning  officers'    Sect-  44- 
duties     by    an    acting     returning 
officer  (/•),  or  with  respect  to  place 
of  election  (s),  or  with  respect  to 
the  right  to  the  use  of  elementary 
schools  (t),  shall  not  apply  : 
11) — (a)  The  qualifying  period  (u)  shall 
be  a  period  of  six  months  ending 
on  the  fifteenth  day  of  July  and 
including  that  day  : 

Provided  that  one  month  shall 
be  substituted  for  six  months  in 
the  application  of  this  provision  to 
a  person  who  is  a  naval  or  military 
voter  or  who  has  been  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  naval,  military,  or 
air  forces  of  the  Crown  at  any  time 
during  the  said  six  months  and  has 
ceased  so  to  serve ; 

(b)  One  register  (x)  of  electors 
only  shall  be  made  in  each  year, 
and  all  provisions  (x)  applicable  to 
the  autumn  register  shall  apply  as 
respects  the  yearly  register  (except 
that  the  yearly  register  shall  remain 
in  force  until  the  fifteenth  day  of 
October  in  the  next  following  year), 
and  the  provisions  (#)  as  to  the  pre- 
paration of  two  registers  in  each 

(r)  See  sect.  30,  pp.  217—218,  supra. 
(*)  See  sect.  32,  pp.  222 — 223,  supra. 
($)  See  sect.  25,  pp.  204—205,  supra, 
(u)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  supra, 
(x)  See  sect.  11,  pp.  125—126,  supra. 


336  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Secti_44  year  and  as  to  the  spring  register 

shall  not  apply  : 

(12)  The  yearly  value  (y)  of  premises  shall 

be  taken  to  be  the  rateable  value 
where  those  premises  are  separately 
valued,  and  in  any  other  case  shall 
be  deemed  to  be  the  amount  which 
would,  in  the  opinion  of  the  regis- 
tration officer,  be  the  rateable  value 
if  they  were  separately  valued  : 

(13)  A  person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be 

registered  or  vote  for  a  parlia- 
mentary county  constituency  in 
respect  of  a  qualification  in  a  par- 
liamentary borough  constituency  : 

(14)  The  following  proviso  shall  be  substi- 

tuted for  the  proviso  at  the  end  of 
subsection  (2)  of  section  eight  (z)  : 
"  Nothing  in  this  provision  shall 
"  prevent  a  person  voting  at  an 
"  election  to  fill  a  casual  vacancy 
"  in  a  borough  council  in  any  ward 
"  for  which  he  is  registered/' 

Application         45.  The  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  apply 
tlie  to  the  Isles  of  Scilly  as  if  those  isles  were 
an   administrative    county,    and   as    if    the 
council  of  those  isles  were  a  county  council, 
and  any  expenses  incurred  by  the  council 


(y}  See  sect.  1  (3),  p.   3,   sect.  4  (1)  (c),  p.  64,  and  sect.  7  (1), 
(a),  (b),  p.  98,  supra. 

(«)  See  pp.  101—102,  snpru. 


COMMENCEMENT  OF  ACT  AND  FIRST  REGISTER.  337 

under   this    Act   shall   be    paid    as   general    Sect-45 
expenses  of  the  council. 

46. — (1)  This  Act  shall  come  into  opera-  Commence- 
tion  on  the  passing  thereof:  Provided  that  Sfirft^ 
nothing  in  this  Act  shall  affect-  register- 

(a)  any  parliamentary  register  for  the  time 

being  in  force,  or  any  parliamentary 
elections,  or  the  constitution  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  until  Parlia- 
ment is  first  dissolved  or  ceases  to 
have  continuance  after  the  first 
register  to  be  prepared  under  this 
Act  comes  into  force  ;  or 

(b)  any  local  government  register  for  the 

time  being  in  force,  or  any  local 
government  elections,  until  the 
first  register  to  be  prepared  under 
this  Act  comes  into  force. 

(2)  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act, 
the  first  register  to  be  prepared  under  this 
Act  shall  come  into  force  on,  and  remain  in 
force  until,  such  date  as  His  Majesty  may 
fix  by  Order  in  Council  (a),  and  His  Majesty 
may  by  any  such  Order  alter,  in  connection 
with  the  first  register,  any  registration 
dates  (i),  including  the  dates  governing  the 
qualifying  period,  and  direct  that  this  Act 
shall  have  effect  as  so  altered. 

(«)  See  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749, 
Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra,  and  Order  in  Council  of  March  4th, 
1918,  p.  613,  infra. 

(ft)  See  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  and 
Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra. 

r.  22 


338 


Sect.  46. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(3)  If  any  difficulty  arises  as  to  the  pre- 
paration of  the  first  register  or  the  holding 
of  the  first  elections  after  the  commence- 
ment of  this    Act,   the  Local  Government 
Board  may  by  order  do  any  matter  or  thing 
which  appears  to  them  necessary  for   the 
proper  preparation  of  the  register   or  the 
proper  holding  of  the  elections. 

(4)  This  section  shall  apply  to  any  new 
register  to  be  prepared  and  to  any  elections 
held  during  the  continuance  of  the  present 
wrar  and  a  period  of  twelve  months  there- 
after, as  it  applies  to  the  first  register  (b)  to 
be  prepared  under  this  Act  and  to  the  first 
elections  (c)  held  after  the  commencement 
of  this  Act,  respectively. 


Repeal  and         47 .-_ (1)  The   enactments   mentioned   in 

snort  title.  1         TTIIOI        -11  i    • 

the  Ji/ighth  Schedule  to  this  Act  are  hereby 
repealed  to  the  extent  specified  in  the  third 
column  of  that  Schedule  (d). 

(2)  This  Act  may  be  cited  as  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  Act,  1918. 

(b)  See  sect.  46  (2)  and  (3),  above. 

(c)  See  sect.  46  (3),  above. 

(d)  See  pp.  391  —  402,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  RULES.  339 

SCHEDULES. 
FIEST  SCHEDULE.  Sections  18> 

14  (1). 


REGISTRATION  RULES  (a). 
Form  of  Register. 

1 .  The  register  shall  be  framed  in  separate  parts  (6)  far  Separate  part 
each  registration  unit  in  the  registration  area.  °f  register 

The  registration  unit  shall  be  the    parish  where  the  gistration 
parish  is  wholly  contained  in  one  voting  area,  and  where  umt' 
a  parish  is  contained  in  more  than  one  voting  area,  shall 
be  each  part  of  the  parish  contained  in  a  separate  voting 
area;    and  for  the  purposes  of  this  rule  the  expression 
"voting  area"  means  any  polling  district,  electoral  divi- 
sion, borough,  county  district  other  than  a  borough,  and 
any  ward  of  a  borough,  county  district,  or  parish,  and 
any  other  area  for  which  a  separate  election  at  which  the 
register  is  to  be  used  is  held. 

2.  The  register  shall,  as  respects  each  registration  unit,  Separate 
contain  the  names  of  those  who  are  entitled  to  vote  as  parliament 
parliamentary  electors  and  of  those  who  are  entitled  to  taT7 an<1 
vote  as  local  government  electors,  but  shall  be  framed  so  ment  electors, 
as  to  show  in  separate  divisions  the  names  of  those  who  are 

entitled  to  vote  both  as  parliamentary  and  local  govern- 
ment electors,  the  names  of  those  who  are  entitled  to  vote 
as  parliamentary  electors  but  not  as  local  government  elec- 
tors, and  the  names  of  those  who  are  entitled  to  vote  as 
local  government  electors  but  not  as  parliamentary 
electors  (c) . 

Where  a  person  whose  name  is  entered  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  any  registration  unit  is  not  entitled 

(«)  See  sect,  13,  set  out  on  pp.  133—134,  and  sect.  14  (1),  p.  135, 
supra. 

(1}  See  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  4,  p.  748,  infra, 
as  to  supplement  to  be  added  to  part  of  register  relating  to  polling 
'district. 

(c)  See  Form  of  Register,  pp.  577 — 578,  infra. 

22  (2) 


340 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Absent 
voters  list. 


Register  to 
be  made  up 
in  street  or 
alphabetical 
order. 


Effect  of 

register. 


to  vote  in  respect  of  that  entry  at  the  local  government 
elections  for  all  the  local  government  electoral  areas  which 
comprise  that  unit,  the  registration  officer  shall  place  a 
mark  against  his  name,  with  a  note  to  signify  that  the 
person  against  whose  name  the  mark  is  placed  is  not 
entitled  to  vote  for  the  local  government  elections  men- 
tioned in  the  note,  and  any  such  note  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  part  of  the  register  (c). 

3.  The  registration  officer  shall  prepare  and  add  as  a 
supplement  to  the  register  a  separate  list  (d)  for  the  whole 
registration  area,  or,  where  the  area  includes  more  than 
one  constituency,  for  each  constituency  in  the  area,  of 
persons  entitled  to  vote  as  absent  voters  (e)  (in  this  Act 
referred  to  as  the  absent  voters  list)  without,  however, 
removing  the  names  of  those  voters  from  any  other  part  of 
the  register.     Every  such  list  shall  be  made  up  according 
to  polling  districts  (/) . 

4.  Where  the  registration  unit  is  situated  in  a  parlia- 
mentary borough,  the    names   in    the   register   shall   be 
arranged  in  street  order,  unless  the  authority  whose  clerk 
the  registration  officer  is  or  by  whom  he  is  appointed  con- 
siders that,  having  regard  to  the  general  character  of  the 
area  forming  the  registration  unit,  arrangement  in  street 
order  is  inapplicable;  and  where  the  registration  unit  is 
situated  in  a  parliamentary  county,   the  names  in   the 
register  shall  be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  unless  the 
said  authority  considers  that,  having  regard  to  the  general 
character   of    the    area   forming   the    registration    unit, 
arrangement  in  street  order  is  possible  and  convenient  (g). 

5.  The  registers  for  the  registration  units  making  up 
any  constituency,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  parliamentary 

(c)  As  to  the  mark  and  note  here  referred  to,  see  p.  577,  infra.    . 

(d)  For  arrangement  of  names  in  and  form  of  absent  voters  list, 
see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  par.  3,  p.  748,  infra   and 
Third  Schedule,  p.  751,  infra. 

(e)  See  sect.  23,  pp.  173—176,  and  pp.  177—178,  supra. 
(/)  See  sect.  31,  pp.  220—222,  supra. 

(g)  For  Form  of  Register  in  street  order  and  in  alphabetical  order 
see  pp.  603—604,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  RULES.  341 

electors,  shall  together  form  the  register  of  parliamentary 
electors  for  that  constituency,  and  the  registers  of  the 
registration  units  making  up  any  local  government  elec- 
toral area,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  local  government  electors, 
shall  together  form  the  register  of  local  government  electors 
for  that  area. 

Duty  of  Registration  Officer  to  prepare  and  publish  Lists. 

6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  cause  Duty  of 
a  house  to  house  or  other  sufficient  inquiry  to  be  made,  and 


to  prepare  or  cause  to  be  prepared  lists  (in  this  Act  referred  pare  electors' 
to  as  electors  lists)  for  each  registration  unit  within  his 
registration  area  of  all  persons  appearing  to  be  entitled  to 
be  registered  (g)  <ajs  parliamentary  or  local  government 
electors  in  the  spring  and  autumn  register  respectively,  and 
to  publish  (h)  those  lists  in  the  form  in  which  the  register 
is  to  be  framed,  as  respects  the  lists  for  the  spring 
register  (f)  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  February  (/),  and 
as  respects  the  lists  for  the  autumn  register  (i)  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  August  (;)  . 

The  registration  officer  shall  at  the  same  time  publish  (h) 
a  notice  specifying  the  mode  in  which,  and  the  time  within 
which,  claims  and  objections  are  to  be  made  under  these 
rules. 

7.  The  registration  officer,  where  he  does  not  himself  Duty  of 
perform  the  duties  of  overseers,  may  require  the  overseers  °J£r^rs 
of  any  parish  which,  or  any  part  of  which,  forms  a  regis-  electors  lists 
tration  unit  within  his  registration  area  to  make  the  neces-  Sorm^aiou 
eary  inquiries  and  to  prepare  the  electors  lists  for  that  if  required. 
unit  (ft)  and  publish  (I)  the  lists  in  the  unit  on  his  behalf, 

(</)  See  sect.  13,  pp.  133  —  134,  and  p.  134,  supra,  also  sects.  1,  3, 
4  and  5. 

(h}  See  rale  31,  pp.  350  —  351,  infra.  As  to  the  period  during 
which,  as  regards  the  first  register,  these  documents  must  be  kept 
published,  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  1,  p.  748,  infra, 
and  First  Schedule,  p.  750,  infra. 

(t)  See  sect.  11,  pp.  125  —  126,  supra. 

(j)  This  date  as  regards  the  first  register  has  been  altered  to 
29th  June.  See  pp.  128—  1"29,  supra. 

(k)  See  rule  1,  p.  339,  supra. 

(/)  See  rule  31,  pp.  350—351,  infra. 


342 


REPKESENTAT1ON  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Corrupt  and 
illegal  prac- 
tices list. 


and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  overseers  to  furnish  lists  as  so 
required,  and  also  at  any  time,  if  required  by  the  registra- 
tion officer,  to  furnish  that  officer  with  information  respect- 
ing any  persons  resident  or  occupying  land  or  premises  in 
their  parish,  or  the  removal  of  any  person  from  the  parish. 

Any  reasonable  expenses  incurred  by  the  overseers  in 
performing  any  duties  required  of  them  in  pursuance  of 
this  rule  (including  reasonable  remuneration  where  the 
duties  are  performed  by  an  assistant  overseer  or  other 
paid  officer)  shall  be  paid  by  the  registration  officer  as 
part  of  his  registration  expenses  (m).  In  this  rule  the  ex- 
pression "  overseers "  includes  any  person  for  the  time 
being  executing  any  of  the  duties  of  overseers. 

8.  The  registration  officer  shall  publish  (w),  together  with 
the  electors  lists,  the  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list  (if 
any)  made  by  him  under  section  thirty-nine  of  the  Corrupt 
and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883  (0),  or  made  by 
or  sent  to  him  under  section  twenty -four  of  the  Municipal 
Elections  (Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices)  Act,  1884. 


Claim  to  be 
•exit  to 
registration 
officer. 


Claims  to  be  Registered. 

9.  Any  person  who  claims  to  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered as  a  parliamentary  or  local  government  elector,  and 
who  is  not  entered,  or  who  is  entered  in  an  incorrect  place 
or  manner  or  with  incorrect  particulars  on  the  electors 
lists,  may  claim  to  be  registered,  or  to  be  registered 
correctly,  by  sending  (p)  to  the  registration  officer  a  claim 
in  the  prescribed  form  (q)  not  later  than  the  eighteenth 

(m)  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139—141,  supra,  and  scale  of  registration 
expenses  set  out  at  pp.  610—612,  infra. 

(??)  See  rule  31,  pp.  350 — 351,  infra.  As  to  the  period  during 
which,  in  connection  with  the  first  register,  the  corrupt  and  illegal 
practices  list  must  be  kept  published,  see  Order  in  Council  of 
June  4th,  1918,  rule  1,  p.  748,  infra,  and  First  Schedule,  p.  750, 
infra. 

(o)  Set  out  at  pp.  718 — 714,  infra. 

(p)  See  rule  34,  pp.  351—352,  infra. 

(q)  For  forms  (1  to  9),  see  pp.  562—569,  infra. 


KEGISTKAT1ON  KULES. 

day  of  February  (r)  where  the  claim  is  for  the  spaing 
register,  and  the  eighteenth  day  of  August  (r)  where  the 
claim  is  for  the  autumn  register. 

10.  The  form  of  claim  (a)  for  a  person  making  a  claim  Form  of 
on  his  own  behalf  shall  contain  a  declaration  of  the  qualifi- 
cation of  the  claimant  to  be  registered,  including  a  declara- 
tion that  the  claimant  has  attained  the  required  age,  and 

is  a  British  subject,  and  of  the  character  in  which  the 
claimant  desires  to  be  registered,  that  is  to  say,  either  as  a 
parliamentary  elector,  or  as  a  local  government  elector, 
or  as  a  local  government  elector  who  is  not  entitled  to 
vote  for  all  local  government  elections,  and  where  the 
claimant  claims  in  respect  of  a  non -residential  qualification 
a  declaration  of  residence  or,  in  case  such  person  has  no 
settled  residence,  an  address  to  which  communications  may 
be  sent.  A  note  shall  also  be  added  to  the  form  warning 
the  claimant  that  any  false  declaration  for  the  purpose 
of  this  provision  will  involve  a  penalty. 

Where  a  claim  is  made  on  behalf  of  a  claimant  by 
another  person,  the  registration  officer  shall  not  enter  the 
name  of  the  claimant  on  the  register,  unless  the  matters 
required  to  be  stated  in  the  declaration  under  the  fore- 
going provision  are  proved  to  his  satisfaction. 

11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  Publication 
publish  (t)  the  lists  of  claimants,  as  respects  the  lists  for  claimants 
the  spring  register  not  later  than  the  twenty-fourth  day 

of  February  (w),  and  as  respects  the  lists  for  the  autumn 
register  not  later  than  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  August  (u) . 

(r)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  1 7th  July  is  sub- 
stituted for  this  date.  See  pp.  128 — 129,  supra. 

(s)  For  forms  (1  to  9),  see  pp.  562—569,  infra. 

(t]  See  rule  31,  pp.  350—351,  infra.  As  to  the  period  during 
which,  in  connection  with  the  first  register,  the  lists  of  claimants 
must  be  kept  published,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918, 
rule  1,  p.  748,  infra,  and  First  Schedule,  p.  750,  infra. 

(u}  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  25th  July  is  sub- 
stituted for  this  date.  See  pp.  128  —  129,  supra. 


344 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Notice  of 
objections. 


Notice  to 
persons 
affected  by 
objection. 


Publication 
of  objections 
to  lists. 


Publication 
of  objections 
to  claims. 


'Objections. 

12.  Any  person  whose  name  appears  on  the  electors 
lists  for  a  constituency  or  local  government  electoral  area 
may  object  to  the  registration  of  any  person  whose  name 
is  included  in  the  electors  lists  for  the  constituency  or  the 
local  government  electoral  area,  as  the  case  may  be,  by 
sending  notice  of  objection  in  the  prescribed  form  (u)  to 
the  registration  officer  not  later  than  the  fifteenth  day  of 
February  (x)  in  the  case  of  the  spring  register  and    the 
fifteenth  day  of  August  (a?)  in  the  case  of  the    autumn 
register,  and  may  object  to  the  registration  of  any  person 
whose  name   is  included    in   the    list    of    claimants  by 
sending  (y]  notice  of  objection  in  the  prescribed  form  (?«) 
to  the  registration  officer  not  later  than  the  seventh  day  of 
March  (2)  in  the  case  of  the  spring  register  and  the  fourth 
day  of  September  (2)  in  the  case  of  the  autumn  register. 

13.  The  registration  officer  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  receiving  any  notice  of  objection,  send  (y)  a  copy  of 
the  notice  to  the  person  in  respect  of  whose  registration 
the  notice  of  objection  is  given. 

14.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to 
publish  (a)  a  list  of  the  names  of  persons  to  whose  registra- 
tion notice  of  objection  has  been  given  not  later  than  the 
twenty-first  day  of  February  (?;)  in  the  case  of  the  spring 
register   and     not    later    than    the    twenty-first    day    of 
August  (&)  in  the  case  of  the  autumn  register. 

15.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer    to 
publish  (a)  a  list  of  the  names  of  persons  included  in  the  list 

(tt)  For  form,  pee  p.  570,  infra. 

(x)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  10th  July  has 
been  substituted  for  this  date.  See  pp.  128—129,  supra. 

(y]  See  rule  34,  pp.  351-  352,  infra. 

(z)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  31st  July  has 
been  substituted  for  this  date.  See  pp.  128 — 129,  supra. 

(a]  See  rule  31,  pp.  350—351,  infra.  As  to  the  period  during 
which,  in  connection  with  the  first  register,  the  list  of  names  must 
be  kept  published,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  1, 
p.  748,  infra,  and  First  Schedule,  p.  750,  infra. 

(I)}  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  19th  July  has  been 
substituted  for  this  date.  See  pp.  128 — 129,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  RULES.  345 

of  claimants  to  whose  registration  notice  of  objection  has 
been  given  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  seventh  day 
of  March  (c)  in  the  case  of  the  spring  register  and  the 
fourth  day  of  September  (<?)  in  the  case  of  the  autumn 
register. 

Absent  Voters  List. 

16.  Any  person  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parlia-  Absent 
inentary  elector  (d)  may,  not  later  than  the  eighteenth  day  voter^llst- 
of  February  (e)  where  the  claim  is  for  the  spring  register, 

and  the  eighteenth  day  of  August  (e)  where  the  claim  is 
for  the  autumn  register,  claim (/)  to  be  placed  on  the  absent 
voters  list  (#);  and  the  registration  officer,  if  satisfied  that 
there  is  a  probability  that  the  claimant,  by  reason  of  the 
nature  of  his  occupation,  service,  or  employment,  may  be 
debarred  from  voting  at  a  poll  at  parliamentary  elections 
held  during  the  time  the  register  is  in  force,  shall  place 
the  claimant  (if  registered)  on  the  absent  voters  list. 

17.  It  shall  be   the  duty  of  the  registration   officer,  Obligation  to 
without  any  claim  being  made  for  the  purpose,  to  place  aMmmtar 

on  the  absent  voters  list  (g)  any  naval  or  military  voter  (/&),  voter  on 
i  absent  voters 

unless—  list  without 

(a)  that  person,  not  later  than  the  eighteenth  day  of  claim- 
February  (i)  as  respects  the  spring  register,  and 
the  eighteenth  day  of  August  (£)  as  respects  the 

(c)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  31st  July  has 
been,  substituted  for  this  date.     See  pp.  128 — 129,  supra. 

(d)  See  sect.  1,  pp.  1 — 3,  and  sect.  4  (1),  pp.  63—64,  supra. 

(e)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  31st  July  has  been 
substituted  for  this  date.     See  pp.  128 — 129,  supra. 

(/)  For  form  of  claim,  see  p.  575,  infra.  As  to  the  course  to  be 
•adopted  by  the  registration  officer  when  he  receives  a  naval  or 
military  voter's  statement  too  late  to  include  his  name  in  the 
electors  lists,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1818,  rule  7, 
p.  749,  infra. 

(g]  For  order  of  names  in  and  form  of  absent  voters  list,  see 
Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  3,  p.  748,  and  Third 
Schedule,  p.  751,  infra.  See  also  ibid.,  rule  9,  p.  749,  infra. 

(h)  See  sect.  5,  pp.  76 — 79,  supra. 

(•)  As  regards  the  first  register  under  the  Act,  17th  August  has 
been  substituted  for  this  date.  See  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th, 
1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  infra,  and  Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  L918. 


Information 
to  registra- 
tion officers 
by  depart- 
ments.  * 


Record  of 
addresses  to 
be  kept. 


autumn  register,  gives  notice  (m)  to  the  registra- 
tion officer  that  he  does  not  desire  to  be  placed 
upon  that  list;  or 

(b)  that  person  is  registered,  in  pursuance  of  a  claim  (w) 
for  the  purpose,  for  the  constituency  in  which 
he  has  an  actual  residence  qualification. 

18.  The  Admiralty,  the  Army  Council,   and    the  Air 
Council,  either  directly  or  through  officers  appointed  by 
them,  shall  in  the  prescribed  manner  furnish  to  the  regis- 
tration officers  in  the  several  constituencies  such  informa- 
tion (0)  as  to  the  names  and  .addresses  of  Naval  and  Mili- 
tary voters  and  such  other  particulars  as  may  be  necessary 
for  the  purpose  of  their  registration  arid  of  their  voting  as 
such,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  to  render  any  assistance  that  may  be  required  by 
the  Admiralty,  the  Army  Council,  and  the  Air  Council 
in  conveying  such  information  to  the  registration  officers : 

Provided  that  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council,  and  Air 
Council  shall  not  be  required  to  supply  any  particulars 
which  in  their  declared  opinion  would  interfere  with  the 
proper  conduct  of  the  war. 

19.  The  registration  officer  shall  keep  a  record  of   any 
address  which  may  be  furnished  to  him  by  any  person 
placed  on  the  absent  voter's  list,   or  by   the  Admiralty, 
Army  Council,  Air  Council  or  Board  of  Trade,  as  the 
address  which  is   to  be  for    the   time   being   the   address 
of  the  voter  for  the  purpose  of  the  provisions  relating  to 
voting  by  absent  voters  (p)  and,  as  soon  as   practicable, 
shall  cause  instructions  to  be  sent  to  the  voter  as  to  the 
mode  of  voting  under  those  provisions. 

The  record  of  addresses  shall  be  open  to  inspection 
under  the  same  conditions  (q)  that  govern  the  register. 

(m)  No  form  of  notice  is  prescribed. 

(//)  For  form  of  claim,  see  p.  569,  infra. 

(o)  As  to  the  course  to  l>e  adopted  by  the  registration  officer  when 
he  receives  the  information  too  late  to*  include  the  naval  or  military 
voter  in  the  electors  lists,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918. 
rule  7,  p.  749,  infra. 

(p)  See  sect,  23,  pp.  173—170.  siyira. 

(</)  See  rule  27,  p.  349,  infra. 


KEG1STKAT1ON  KULE*.  347 

Preparation  of  the  Register  from  the  Lists. 

20.  The  registration  officer  shall,  as    soon  as  practi- 
cable,  consider  all  objections  of    which  notice  has    been 
given  to  him  in  accordance  with  these  rules  (r),  and  for  that 
purpose  shall  give  at  least  five  clear  days'  notice  to  the 
objector  and  to  the  person  in  respect  of  whose  registra- 
tion the  notice  of  objection  has  been  given,  of  the  time 
and  place  at  which  the  objection  will  be  considered  by  him. 

21.  The    registration    officer    shall    also    consider     all  Considera- 
claims  of  which  notice  is  given  to  him  in  accordance  with 

these  rules  (s),  and  in  respect  of  which  no  notice  of  objec- 
tion is  given,  and,  if  he  considers  that  the  claim  may  be 
allowed  without  further  inquiry,  shall  give  notice  (£)  to 
the  claimant  that  his  claim  is  allowed. 

If  the  registration  officer  is  not  satisfied  that  any  such 
claim  can  be  allowed  without  inquiry,  he  shall  give  at 
least  five  clear  days'  notice  (t)  to  the  claimant  of  the  time 
and  place  at  which  the  claim  will  be  considered  by  him. 

22.  If  on  the  consideration  of  any  claim  or  objection  Supplemen- 
it  appears  to  the  registration  officer  that  the  claimant,  or  ^§2^^^ 
person  in  respect  of  whose  name  objection  is  taken,  is  of  claims  and 
not  entitled  to  be  entered  on  the  register  in  the  character  °  jet 

in  which  he  claims  to  be  registered,  or  in  which  he  is 
entered  on  the  list,  but  is  entitled  to  be  entered  on  the 
register  in  another  character  or  in  another  place  on  the 
register,  the  registration  officer  may  decide  that  the  name 
of  that  person  shall  be  so  entered  on  the  register. 

23 .  The  registration  officer  shall  make  such  additions  Correction  of 
and  corrections  in  the  electors  lists  (including  the  absent  llsts> 
voters  list)  as  are    required    in    order   to    carry    out    his 
decisions  on  any  objection®  or  claims,  and  shall  also  make 

any  such  corrections  in  those  lists  by  way  of  the  removal 
of  duplicate  entries  (subject  to  any  expression  of  choice 
by  the  person  affected  as  to  those  entries),  the  expunging 

r)  See  rules  12 — 15,  pp.  344 — 345,  supru. 
s)  See  rules  9—11,  pp.  342—343,  supra. 
t)  See  rule  34,  pp.  351—352,  infra. 


348 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Voting  iu 
different 
polling 
districts. 


Objections  to 
correction*. 


of  the  names  of  persons  who  are  dead  or  subject  to  any  legal 
incapacity  (g),  or  the  placing  of  marks  (r)  or  the  correction 
of  marks  placed  against  the  name  of  an  elector,  or  other- 
wise as  he  thinks  necessary  in  order  to  secure  that  no 
person  is  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  in  respect 
of  more  than  one  qualification  in  the  same  constituency,  or 
as  a  local  government  elector  in  respect  of  more  than  one 
qualification — 

(a)  in  the  same  borough  for  the  purpose  of  borough 

council  elections;  or 

(b)  in  the  same  electoral  division  or  ward  for  the  pur- 

pose of  county  council,    metropolitan    borough 
council,  and  urban  district  council  elections;  or 

(c)  in  the  same  parish  or  ward  of  a  parish  for  the 

purpose  of  rural  district  council,  guardians,  or 

parish  elections; 

and  otherwise  to  make  those  lists  complete  and  accurate 
as  a  register. 

24.  Any  person  whose  name  shall  appear  in  the  list 
of  parliamentary  voters  of  any  registration  unit  in  any 
county  constituency    or   district    of   boroughs,   and    who 
resides    outside  the   polling    district  (s)    in  which  he    is 
entitled  to  be  registered,  shall  be  at  liberty  to  make  his 
claim  (t)  before  the  registration  officer  to  vote  at  any  other 
polling  place  within  the  same  constituency  (u). 

Any  such  person  shall   be  admitted   to   vote  at   such 
polling  place  accordingly. 

25 .  Where  the  registration  officer  makes  any  correction 
in  the  lists  (including  the  absent  voters  list)  otherwise 
than  in  pursuance  of  a  claim  or  objection,  or  for  the  pur- 
poses of  correcting  a  clerical  error,  he  shall  give  notice  (x) 
to  the  person  affected  by  the  correction,  and  give  that  person 

((/)  See  pp.  4—7,  42,  67—68,  74,  75  and  82,  supra, 
(r)  See  rule  2,  pp.  339—340,  supra. 
[si\  See  sect.  31,  pp.  220—222,  supra. 

(t}  As  to  the  time  for  making  this  claim  and  for  form,  see  Order 
in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  5,  p.  748,  infra. 
(n)  See  ibid.,  rule  4,  p.  748,  infra. 
(r)  See  rulo  34,  pp.  351—352,  Vn/w. 


REGISTRATION  RULES. 

an  opportunity  of  objecting  to  the  correction,  and,  if 
necessary,  of  being  heard  with  respect  thereto. 

26 .  The  registration  officer  shall  make'  all  the  necessary  Formation  of 
corrections  of  the  lists  (including  the  absent  voters  list) 

and  do  everything  necessary  to  form  those  lists  into  a 
register  (with  a  separate  letter  and  a  separate  series  of 
numbers  for  each  polling  district  (t/))  in  time  to  allow  the 
publication  of  the  lists  so  corrected  as  a  register  as  required 
by  these  rules  (z) . 

Duty  to  publish  and  deliver  Copies  of  the  Register. 

27 .  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer   to  Publication  of 
publish  the  spring  register  not  later  than  the  fifteenth  day 

of  April  (#),  and  the  autumn  register  not  later  than  the 
fifteenth  day  of  October  (a)  in  each  year,  fay  publishing  (£>) 
a  notice  that  a  copy  of  the  register  is  open  to  inspection  at 
his  office,  and  that  copies  of  the  part  of  the  register 
relating  to  any  registration  unit  are  open  to  inspection 
during  business  hours  in  the  registration  unit  at  the  place 
mentioned  in  the  notice. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  keep 
copies  of  the  register  for  inspection  in  his  office,  and  also 
to  arrange  for  copies  of  the  part  of  the  register  relating 
to  any  registration  unit  being  kept  for  inspection  in  that 
unit  either  in  the  principal  post  office  (if  the  Postmaster 
General  gives  authority  for  the  purpose)  or  at  some  other 
convenient  place  to  which  the  public  have  access  to  be 
arranged  by  him. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer  to  transmit, 
a  copy  of  the  register,  as  soon  as  may  be  after  it  is  pub- 
lished, to  the  Local  Government  Board. 

(y]  See  Form  of  Begister,  p.  577,  infra. 
(z)  See  rules  6—8,  pp.  341—342,  supra. 

(a)  As  regards  tlie  first  register  under  the  Act,  1st  October  is 
substituted  for  this  date.     See  pp.  128—129,  supra. 

(b)  See  rule  31,  pp.  350 — 351,  infra.     As  to  the  period  during 
which  the  first  register  is  to  be  kept  published,  see  Order  in  Council 
of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  1,  p.  748,  infra,  and  First  Schedule,  p.  750, 
infra. 


350 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Delivery  of 
copies  of  the 
register. 


28.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer,  on  the 
application  of  any  person  during  business  hours  and  on 
payment  of  the  prescribed  fee  (c),  to  furnish  copies  to  the 
applicant  of  the  register  or  of  so  much  of  the  register  as 
relates  to  any  registration  unit. 


Notice  of 
appeal  from 
registration 
officer. 


Appeals 
relating  to 
the  same 
point. 


Publication 
documents. 


Appeals  from  Registration  Officer. 

29.  A  person  desiring  to  appeal  against  the  decision 
of  a  registration  officer  must  give  notice  of  appeal  in  the 
prescribed  form  (d)  to  the  registration  officer  and   to  the 
opposite  party,  if  any,  when  the  decision  is  given  or  within 
five  days  thereafter,  specifying  the  grounds  of  appeal. 

The  registration  officer  shall  forward  any  such  notices 
to  the  county  court  in  manner  directed  by  rules  of  court  (e) 
together,  in  each  case,  with  a  statement  of  the  material 
facts  which,  in  his  opinion,  have  been  established  in  the 
case,  and  of  his  decision  upon  the  whole  case  and  on  any 
point  which  may  be  specified  as  a  ground  of  appeal,  and 
shall  also  furnish  to  the  court  any  further  information 
which  the  court  may  require  and  which  he  is  able  to 
furnish . 

30.  Where  it  appears  to  the  registration   officer  that 
any  notices  of  appeal  given  to  him  are  based  on   similar 
grounds,  he  shall  inform  (e)  the  county  court  of  the  fact 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  county  court  (if  the  court 
thinks  fit)  to  consolidate  the  appeals,  or  select  a  case  as  a 
test  case. 

General. 

»f  31.  Where  the  registration  officer  by  these  rules  is 
required  to  publish  any  document,  and  no  specific  pro- 
vision is  made  as  to  the  mode  of  publication,  he  shall 
publish  the  document  by  making  copies  of  the  document 


(c)  For  the  amount  of  this  fee,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th, 
1918,  rule  2,  p.  748,  and  Second  Schedule,  p.  751,  infra. 

(d)  For  forms,  see  p.  575 — 576,  infra. 
(c)  See  p.  639,  infra. 


REGISTRATION  RULES.  301 

available  for  inspection  by  the  public  in  his  office,  and  in 
the  chief  post  office  (if  the  Postmaster  General  gives 
authority  for  the  purpose),  or  some  other  convenient  place 
in  the  area  forming  the  registration  unit  to  which  the 
document  relates  and,  if  he  thinks  fit,  in  any  other  manner 
which  is,  in  his  opinion,  desirable  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  the  contents  of  the  document  to  the  notice  of  those 
interested. 

Any  document  required  to  be  published  shall  be  kept 
published  for  the  prescribed  time(/). 

Any  failure  to  publish  a  document  in  accordance  with 
these  rules  shall  not  invalidate  the  document,  but  this 
provision  shall  not  relieve  the  registration  officer  from  any 
penalty  (g)  for  such  a  failure. 

If  any  person  without  lawful  authority  destroys,  muti- 
lates, defaces  or  removes  any  notice  published  by  the  regis- 
tration officer  in  connection  with  his  registration  duties,  or 
any  copies  of  a  document  which  have  been  made  available 
for  inspection  in  pursuance  of  these  rules,  he  shall  be 
liable  on  summary  conviction  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  five 
pounds. 

32.  The  registration  officer  shall,  without  fee,  on  the  Dutj  of  regie- 
application  of  any  person,  supply  forms  of  claims  and  to  supply 
notices  of  objections.  forms. 

33.  The  registration  officer  shall,  on  the  application  of  Supply  of 
any  person,  allow  that  person  to  inspect,  and  take  extracts  claims,  ob- 
from,  or  on  payment  of  the  prescribed  fee  (h),  supply  to  that  Jectlon8>  &c- 
person  copies  of,  the  electors  lists  for  any  registration  unit 

in  his  area  and  any  claim  or  notice  of  objection  made 
under  these  rules. 

34.  Any  claim  or  notice  of  objection  which  is  under  Mode  of 
these  rules  to  be  sent  to  the  registration  officer  may  be  notices*  &c. 
sent  to  him  by  post  addressed  to  him  at  his  office. 

(/)  See  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  1,  p.  748,  infra, 
and  First  Schedule,  p.  750,  infra. 

(g)  See  sect.  13  (1),  p.  133,  supra. 

(h)  For  the  amount  of  this  fee,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th, 
1918,  rule  2,  p.  748,  and  Second  Schedule,  p.  751,  infra. 


852 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 


Information 
from  house- 
holders. 


Access  to 

national 

register. 


Declaration 
as  to  age  and 
nationality. 


Any  notice  which  is  required  to  be  sent  by  the  regis- 
tration officer  under  these  rules  to  any  person  shall  be 
sufficiently  sent  if  sent  by  post  to  the  address  of  that 
person  as  given  by  him  for  the  purpose,  or  as  appealing 
on  the  lists,  or  if  there  is  no  such  address,  to  his  last  known 
place  of  abode . 

35.  The  registration  officer  may  require  any   house- 
holder or  any  person  owning  or  occupying  any  land  or 
premises  within  his  area,  or  the  agent  or  factor  of  such 
person,  to  give,  in  the  prescribed  form  ($),  any  information 
in  his  possession  which  the  registration  officer  may  require 
for  the  purpose  of  his  duties  as  registration  officer;  and  if 
any  person  fails  to  give  the  required  information,  or  gives 
false  information,  he  shall  be  liable,   on  summary  con- 
viction, to  a  fine  not  exceeding   twenty  pounds.      Any 
notice  requiring  information  under  this  rule  may  be  sent 
by  post. 

36.  The  registration  officer  shall,  subject  to  such  direc- 
tions (&)  as  the  Local  Government  Board  may  give,  have 
access  to  the  national  register  compiled  under  the  National 
Registration  Act,  1915. 

37.  The    registration    officer,    before   registering    any 
person  as  an  elector,  may,  if  he  thinks  it  necessary— 

(a)  require  that  person  either  to  produce  a  certificate 

of  birth  or,  if  that  is  not  practicable  or  con- 
venient, to  make  a  statutory  declaration  that 
such  person  has  attained  the  required  age,  and 

(b)  require    that   person    to   produce   a    certificate    of 

naturalisation  or  to  make  a  statutory  declaration 

that  he  is  a  British  subject. 

Where  a  declaration  is  so  required,  any  fee  payable  in 
connection  therewith  shall  be  paid  by  the  registration 
officer  as  part  of  his  registration  expenses  (?),  and  the 
declaration  shall  be  exempt  from  stamp  duty. 

(t)  For  forms  (1  to  6),  see  pp.  556 — 561,  infra. 

(k]  See  p.  580,  infra. 

(/)  See  sect.  15,  pp.  139—141,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  RULES.  35 

The  registration  officer  shall  during  business  hours 
allow  any  person  to  inspect  and  take  a  copy  of  any  such 
declaration . 

38.  Where  for  the  purpose  of  the  provisions  of  this  p0werto 
Act  any  person  requires  a  certificate  of  birth,  that  person  JjJjJjjJJ^J^  f 
shall  on  presenting  a  written  requisition  in  the  prescribed  birth  at 
form  (m)  and  containing  the  prescribed  particulars,  and  on  r 
payment  of  a  fee  of  sixpence,  be  entitled  to  obtain  a  certi- 
fied copy  of  any  entry  of  the  birth  of  that  person  in  the 

birth  register  under  the  hand  of  the  registrar  or  the  super- 
intendent registrar  having  the  custody  thereof,  and  form,- 
of  requisition  for   the  purpose  shall   on  application   b 
supplied  without  charge  by  every  registrar  of  births  and 
deaths  and  by  every  superintendent  registrar. 

39.  On  the  consideration  of  any  claim  or  objection  oj   Hearing  of 
other  matter  by  the  registration  officer,  any  person  ap-  oty^tkms. 
pearing  to  the  registration  officer  to  be  interested  may 

appear  and  be  heard  either  in  person  or  by  any  other 
person,  other  than  counsel,  on  his  behalf. 

40 .  The  registration  officer  may  at  the  request  of  any  Power  to 
person  interested,  or  if  he  thinks  fit  without  such  request, 

on  the  consideration  of  any  claim  or  objection  or  other  oath, 
matter  require  that  the  evidence  tendered  by  any  person 
should  be  given  on  oath  and  may  administer  an  oath  for 
the  purpose. 

41 .  No   misnomer  or   inaccurate  description    of    any  Provisions  as 
person  or  place  on  any  list  or  on  the  register  or  in  any  or^^uTate 
notice  shall  prejudice  the  operation  of  this  Act  or  these  description, 
rules  as  respects  that  person  or  place,  provided  that  the 

person  or  place  is  so  designated  as  to  be  commonly  under- 
stood. 

42.  In  reckoning  time  for  the  purpose  of  these  rules.  Reckoning  of 
Sunday,  Christmas   Day,  Good    Friday,    and   any   bank  tlme> 
holiday  or  day  set  apart  as  a  public  holiday,  or  day  of 

(m)  See  p.  576,  infra. 
F.  23 


354  REPKESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

public  fast,  or  public  thanksgiving  shall  be  excluded;  and 
where  anything  is  required  by  these  rules  to  be  done  on 
any  day  falls  to  be  done  on  any  such  day,  that  thing 
may  be  done  on  the  next  day  not  being  one  of  any  such 
days . 

Application  of  Rules  to  Scotland  and  Ireland. 
Application          43.  These  rules  shall  apply  to  Scotland  subject  to  the 

to  Scotland.        ...        .  •>,«,•  i 

following  modifications,  namely: — 

The  Secretary  for  Scotland  shall  be  substituted  for  the 
Local  Government  Board: 

The  provision  for  the  transmission  of  a  copy  of  the 
register  to  the  Local  Government  Board  shall  not 
apply: 

Rule  2  shall  apply  as  if  after  the  words  "  in  separate 
divisions"  there  were  inserted  the  words  "or  other- 
wise to  distinguish:" 

For  the  reference  to  section  twenty-four  of  the  Munici- 
pal Elections  (Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices)  Act, 
1884,  there  shall  be  substituted  a  reference  to  section 
twenty-nine  of  the  Elections  (Scotland)  (Corrupt 
and  Illegal  Practices)  Act,  1890. 

44.  These  rules  shall  apply  to  Ireland  subject  to  the 
following  modifications,  namely:— 

(1)  References  to  the  Local  Government  Board  shall 

be  construed  as  references  to  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Board  for  Ireland. 

(2)  The  district  electoral  division  as  constituted  under 

the  Local  Government  (Ireland)  Act,  1898,  shall 
be  the  registration  unit;  but — 

(a)  where  a  district   electoral    division  is 
divided  into  wards,  each  such  ward  shall   be 
treated  as  a  separate  registration  unit;  and 

(b)  where  a  district   electoral    division  is 
situate  partly  in  one    parliamentary  polling 
district,  partly  in  another,  or  partly  within  and 


REGISTRATION  RULES  (IRELAND).  366 

partly  without  any  town  (within  the  meaning 
of  the  Local  Government  (Ireland)  Act,  1898), 
or  ward  of  a  borough  or  town,  each  part  shall 
be  treated  as  a  separate  registration  unit; 

and  references  to  parishes  or  parts  of  parishes 

shall  not  apply. 

(3)  References  to  the  autumn  register  shall  be  construed 

as  references  to  the  yearly  register,  and  refer- 
ences to  the  spring  register  shall  not  apply. 

(4)  The  expression  "  overseers "  includes  town  clerks, 

secretaries  of  county  councils,  clerks  of  urban 
district  councils,  existing  clerks  of  the  union 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Local  Government 
(Ireland)  Act,  1898,  and  collectors  of  poor  rate. 

(5)  The  power  of  the  registration  officer  in  certain  cases 

to  require  the  overseers  to  perform  duties  in  con- 
nection with  registration  under  this  Act  shall  be 
construed  in  all  cases  as  an  obligation  upon  him 
to  require  each  person  holding  the  office  of  over- 
seer to  perform  duties  analogous  to  the  duties 
which,  but  for  the  passing  of  this  Act,  would 
have  been  performed  by  that  person  by  virtue 
of  his  office  under  the  enactments  relative  to 
registration  in  force  at  the  commencement  of  this 
Act,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  such  person 
to  comply  with  those  requirements. 

In  order  to  give  full  effect  to  the  foregoing 
provision  the  clerk  of  the  crown  and  peace  for 
a  county  borough  shall,  as  respects  any  parlia- 
mentary borough  for  which  he  is  registration 
officer,  appoint  the  town  clerk  of  the  county 
borough  to  act  as  his  deputy  for  the  purposes 
of  Eules  9  to  15  and  for  the  purpose  of  pub- 
lishing the  lists  and  notices  to  be  published  under 
Rules  6  and  8  of  this  Schedule  if  the  town  clerk 
so  desires,  and  any  town  clerk  so  appointed  shall, 
23  (2) 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

for  the  purposes  aforesaid,  have  the  like  powers 
and  duties  and  be  subject  to  the  like  liabilities 
as  if  he  were  registration  officer. 

Any  question  which  may  arise  as  to  what 
duties  are  analogous  duties  within  the  meaning 
of  the  provision  aforesaid  shall  be  determined  by 
the  Local  Government  Board,  whose  determina- 
tion shall  be  final. 

(6)  The  overseers  shall  be  entitled  to  payment  for  ser- 

vices performed  and  expenses  incurred  by  them 
in  the  execution  of  any  duties  under  these  rules. 
The  payments  shall  be  made  at  such  times  as 
may  be  fixed  by  order  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  for  Ireland  under  this  Schedule,  and  any 
sum  payable  to  an  overseer  under  this  provision 
shall  be  treated  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  as 
part  of  the  registration  expenses  of  the  regis- 
tration officer  on  whose  requisition  the  services 
were  performed  or  the  expenses  were  incurred. 

This  provision  shall  apply  to  any  superin- 
tendent registrar  of  births  and  deaths  or  clerk 
of  the  union  who  is  not  an  existing  clerk  of 
the  union,  so  far  as  respects  lists  or  informa- 
tion supplied  by  him  on  the  requisition  of  the 
registration  officer  in  connection  with  deaths  in 
like  manner  as  it  applies  to  overseers. 

(7)  Th©  reference  to  the  authority  whose  officer    the 

registration  officer  is,  or  by  whom  he  is  ap- 
pointed, shall  be  construed  as  a  reference  to  the 
.county  borough  council  in  the  case  of  registration 
units  in  a  county  borough,  and  as  a  reference  to 
the  county  council  in  the  case  of  registration 
units  in  an  administrative  county,  and  the  regis- 
ter for  any  registration  unit  in  an  administrative 
county  shall  be  arranged  alphabetically  in  town- 
land  order  if  the  county  council  consider  that 
such  arrangement  is  more  convenient  than 


SECOND  SCHEDULE.  357 

arrangement  in  alphabetical  order  of  names  or 
in  street  order. 

(8)  Rule  2  of  this  Schedule  shall  be  construed  as  if  the 

words  "  or  otherwise  to  distinguish "  were  in- 
serted after  the  words  "  in  separate  divisions," 
and  as  if  the  direction  as  to  placing  marks 
against  the  names  of  local  government  electors 
were  omitted. 

(9)  For   the   direction    to   the   registration    officer   in 

Eule  23  of  this  schedule  to  secure  that  no  person 
is  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  in 
respect  of  more  than  one  qualification  in  the  areas 
and  for  the  purposes  therein  specified,  there  shall 
be  substituted  a  direction  to  secure  that  no  person  • 
is  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  in 
respect  of  more  than  one  qualification  in  the  same 
district  electoral  division  or  ward. 


SECOND  SCHEDULE.  Section 21  (i)'. 

PART  I.  (»). 

MODIFICATIONS  OF  THE  BALLOT  ACT,  1872  ( FIRST 
SCHEDULE). 

The  following  provisions  shall  be  inserted  in  the  First 
Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  after  Rules  "2  and  14 
respectively  (o),  that  is  to  say: — 

"  2A.  In  an  election  of  members  to  serve  in  a  new  Par- 
liament of  the  United  Kingdom  the  day  fixed 
by  the  returning  officer  for  the  election  shall  in 
all  cases  be  the  eighth  day  after  the  date  of  His 
Majesty's  gracious  Proclamation  declaring  the 
calling  of  the  Parliament." 

(n)  See  sect.  21  (1),  set  out  on  p.  161,  supra. 

(o)  For  Eules  2  and  14,  see  pp.  682—683  and  685  respectively. 


358  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

"14A.  In  an  election  of  members  to  serve  in  a  new 
Parliament  of  the  United  Kingdom,  the  day 
appointed  by  the  returning  officer  for  the  poll 
shall  in  all  cases  be  the  ninth  day  after  the  day 
fixed  for  the  election." 

Section  22  (2).  PART  II.  (p) . 

Questions. 

1 .  In  the  case  of  a  man  voting  in  respect  of  a  residence 
qualification — 

Have  you  already  voted  at  this  general  election  in 
respect  of  a  residence  qualification? 

2.  In  the  case  of  a  man  voting  in  respect  of  a  qualifica- 
tion other  than  a  residence  qualification- 
Have  you  already  voted  at  this  general  election  in 

respect  of  a  qualification  other  than   a  residence 
qualification  ? 

3.  In  the  case  of  a  woman  voting  at  an  election   other 
than  a  university  election — 

Have  you  already  voted  at  this  general  election? 

[NOTE. — Unless  the  answer  to  the  question  is  in 
the  negative  the  woman  shall  not  vote  unless  she 
satisfies  the  presiding  officer  that  her  previous  vote 
was  given  at  a  university  election.] 

Declarations  at  University  Election  (q) . 
(Applicable  only  at  a  General  Election.) 

(In  the  case  of  a  man) — "  I  have  not  voted  at  this 
general  election  in  respect  of  any  qualification  other  than 
a  residence  qualification." 

(In  the  case  of  a  woman) — "  I  have  not  voted  at  this 
general  election  for  any  other  university  constituency." 

(p)  See  sect.  22  (2),  set  out  on  p.    165,  supra,  and  see  also 
pp.  167 — 172,  $upra. 
(q)  See  p.  172,  supra. 


VOTING  BY  PROXY. 

THIRD  SCHEDULE.  Section  23 

PROVISIONS  AS  TO  VOTING  BY  PROXY  (r) . 

1 .  A  proxy  must  be  appointed  by  means  of  a  proxy 
paper  issued  to  the  elector,  or  to  some  person  on  behalf  of 
the  elector,  or  to  the  person  appointed  as  proxy,  by  the 
registration  officer  of  the  constituency  in  which  the  elector 
is  registered,  on  an  application  made  or  authorised  by  the 
elector  in  accordance  with  regulations  (s)  under  this  Act. 

2.  After  a  proxy  paper  for  any  constituency  has  been 
issued  in  accordance  with  this  Act,  the  elector  shall,  unless 
the  proxy  paper  is  cancelled  in  accordance  with  this  Act, — 

(a)  be  entitled  to  vote  by  proxy  in  that  constituency; 

and 

(b)  be  prohibited  from  voting  otherwise  than  by  proxy 

in  that  constituency; 

until  the  time  for  which  the  proxy  paper  is  in  force  has 
expired. 

3 .  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  registration  officer,  on  any 
application  for  a  proxy  paper,  to  issue  a  proxy  paper  to 
the  applicant,  or  to  some  person  on  his  behalf,  or  to  the 
person  appointed  as  proxy,  if  he  is  satisfied  that  the  appli- 
cant is  registered  on  the  parliamentary  register  of  electors 
for  the  constituency  in  respect  of  which  the  application 
is  made,  and  is,  at  the  time  of  the  application,  entitled 
to  appoint  a  proxy  (t). 

4.  A  proxy  paper  shall  remain  in  force  only  so  long 
as  the  parliamentary  register  of  electors  which  is  in  force 
at  the  time  the  proxy  paper  ie  issued  remains  in  force  (u) : 

Provided  that  a  proxy  paper  issued  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  present  war,  or  a  period  of  twelve  months 
thereafter,  shall  remain  in  force  until  the  termination  of 

(r)  See  sect.  23  (4)  (d),  set  out  on  p.  176,  supra, 
(s]  For  these  regulations,   see   the  Proxy  Paper  Order,   1918, 
p.  754  et  seq. 

(0  See  sect.  23  (4),  pp.  174-?- 176,  supra. 
(M)  See  sect.  11,  set  out  on  p.  125,  supra. 


360  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

that  period,  so  long  as  the  elector  continues  to  be  regis- 
tered and  the  proxy  paper  is  not  cancelled. 

5 .  A  person  shall  not  be  appointed  as  proxy  under  this 
Act,  unless  the  person  appointed  is  the  wife,  husband, 
parent,  brother,  or  sister  of  the  elector,  or  is  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  elector  for  the  constituency  or  one  of 
the  constituencies  in  which  the  elector  is  registered: 

Provided  that  the  brother  or  sister  shall  not  be  capable 
of  being  appointed  proxy  unless  of  full  age  (w). 

6.  An  elector  shall  not  appoint  more  than  one  person 
as  proxy  to  vote  on  his  behalf  in  the  same  constituency, 
and  in  any  case  not  more  than  two  persons  (x). 

7 .  A  person  shall  not  vote  as  proxy  on  behalf  of  more 
than  two  absent  voters  at  an  election  in  any  constituency, 
unless  that  person  is  voting  as  the  husband  or  wife,  or 
the  parent,  brother,  or  sister  of  the  absent  voter. 

8.  A   registration   officer  shall  keep   a   list  of   absent 
voters  (y)  entitled  to  vote  by  proxy  in  any  constituency 
within  his.  area,  and  of  the  persons  entitled  to  vote  as 
proxies,  and  that  list  shall  be  open  to  inspection  during 
business  hours  at  some  convenient  place  named  by  the 
registration  officer  in  the  constituency. 

A  registration  officer  shall,  on  the  application  of  any 
person,  allow  that  person  to  take  extracts  from,  or,  on  pay- 
ment of  the  prescribed  fee  (z),  supply  to  that  person  copies 
of  the  list. 

9.  The  Ballot  Act,  1872  (a),  and  any  other  Act  regu- 
lating the  holding  of  parliamentary  elections  (&),  including 

(«)  See  p.  4,  supra. 

(x)  See  sect.  8  (1),  set  out  on  pp.  100—101,  supra, 
(y)  See  First  Schedule,  Rules  16,  17,  pp.  345—346,  supra. 
(z)  For  this  fee,  see  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918,  rule  2, 
p.  748,  and  Second  Schedule,  p.  751,  infra. 

(a)  See  p.  672  tt  seq. 

(b)  This  would  include  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  (Preven- 
tion) Acts,  1883  and  1895,  and  the  present  Act. 


VOTING  BY  PROXY. 

any  provisions  imposing  penalties  (c)  in  connection  with 
voting  at  those  elections,  shall  apply  to  persons  voting 
as  proxies  in  pursuance  of  this  Act  as  they  apply  to  voters, 
however  described  in  those  Acts,  with  such  modifications 
as  may  be  prescribed  (d)  for  the  purpose  of  adapting  the 
provisions  of  those  Acts  to  voting  by  proxy;  and  any  pro- 
visions of  those  Acts  imposing  penalties  for  offences  in 
connection  with  ballot  papers  or  the  official  mark  on  a 
ballot  paper  may  be  applied  by  the  regulations  (e)  to  proxy 
papers  and  any  official  mark  on  a  proxy  paper. 
10.  If  any  person — 

(a)  who  is  for  the  time  being  entitled  to  vote  by 

proxy  (/)  in  a  constituency  under  this  Act, 
himself  votes  or  attempts  to  vote  at  any  parlia- 
mentary election  in  that  constituency  other- 
wise than  by  means  of  the  proxy  paper,  while 
the  proxy  paper  is  in  force;  or 

(b)  votes  or  attempts  to  vote  as  proxy  on  behalf  of 

more  than  two  absent  voters  at  an  election 
in  any  constituency  unless:  that  person  is  voting 
as  the  husband  or  wife,  or  the  parent,  brother, 
or  sister  of  the  absent  voter;  or 

(c)  votes  or  attempts  to  vote  at  any  election  under 

the  authority  of  a  proxy  paper  when  he  knows 
or  has  reasonable  grounds  for  supposing  that 
the  proxy  paper  has  been  cancelled,  or  that 
the  elector  to  whom  or  on  whose  behalf  the 
proxy  paper  has  been  issued  is  dead  or  no 
longer  entitled  to  vote  at  that  election ; 
that  person  shall  be  guilty  of  an  illegal  practice  (g)  within 

(c)  See  pp.  285—286,  287—292,  heading  (3)  on  pp.  294—295,  and 
heading  (12)  on  p.  298,  supra. 

(d)  Up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press  no  such  modifications  have 
been  prescribed. 

(e)  These  regulations  have  not  at  the  time  of  going  to  press  been 
made. 

(/)  See  sect.  23  (4),  set  out  on  pp.  174—176,  supra, 
(g)  See  p.  299,  supra. 


362  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

the  meaning  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Preven- 
tion Act,  1883,  and  the  expression  "  illegal  practice  "  shall 
be  construed  accordingly:  Provided  that  the  court  before 
whom  a  person  is  convicted  under  this  provision  may,  if 
they  think  it  just  in  the  special  circumstances  of  the  case, 
mitigate  or  entirely  remit  any  incapacity  imposed  by 
section  ten  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention 
Act,  1883  (A). 

11.  A  ballot  paper  shall  not  be  delivered  to  a  person 
who  claims  to  vote  as  proxy  for  the  purpose  of  so  voting 
unless  he  produces  the  proxy  paper  to  the  presiding  officer 
at  the  polling  station,  and  such  questions  may  be  asked  of 
any  person  at  a  parliamentary  election  who  claims  to  vote 
as  proxy  for  any  elector   (in  addition  to  those  already 
authorised  to  be  asked  (£))  as  may  be  prescribed  (fc). 

12.  Stamp  duty  shall  not  be  chargeable  on  any  proxy 
paper  under  this  Act. 

13.  A  proxy  paper  may  be  cancelled  by  an  elector  by 
giving  notice  to  the  registration  officer  in  the  prescribed 
form  (Z). 

14.  A  notice  cancelling  a  proxy  paper  shall  not  take 
effect  as  respects  any  election  unless  it  is  received  by  the 
registration  officer  before  the  day  of  nomination  (ra) . 

15 .  In  the  application  of  this  schedule  to  Scotland  the 
expression  "  the  registration  officer  of  the  constituency  in 
which  the  elector  is  registered  "  means  "  the  registration 
officer  of  the   registration  area  in  which   the   elector   is 
registered." 

(/»)  See  p.  299,  supra, 
(i)  See  pp.  167 — 172,  supra. 

(k)  At  the  time  of  going  to  press  these  questions  have  not  been 
prescribed. 

(1}  For  this  form,  see  p.  757,  infra. 
(m)  See  pp.  179—180,  supra. 


MAXIMUM  SCALE  OF  ELECTION  EXPENSES. 


FOURTH  SCHEDULE.  Se<!tiou  S3  (l). 

PROVISIONS  TO  BE  SUBSTITUTED  FOR  PART  IV.  OF  THE 
FIRST  SCHEDULE   TO    46  &  47    VICT.    c.  51,    AND 

FOR     PARAGRAPH    (3)     OF     PART     V.     OF     THE     SAME* 

SCHEDULE  (n) . 

Maximum  Scale. 

The  expenses  mentioned  above  in  Parts  I.,  II.,  and 
III.  of  this  schedule,  other  than  personal  expenses  and  the 
fee,  if  any,  paid  to  the  election  agent  (not  exceeding  in 
the  case  of  a  county  election  seventy-five  pounds  and  of  a 
borough  election  fifty  pounds,  without  reckoning  for  the 
purposes  of  that  limit  any  jpart  of  the  fee  which  may  have 
been  included  in  the  expenses  first  above  mentioned)  shall 
not  exceed  an  amount  equal — 

in  the  case  of  a  county  election  to  sevenpence  for  each 

elector  on  the  register; 
in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a  borough  to  fivepence  for 

each  elector  on  the  register. 

Where  there  are  two  or  more  joint  candidates  at  an 
election,  the  maximum  amount  of  expenses  mentioned  in 
Parts  III.  and  IV.  of  this  schedule  shall,  for  each  of  the 
joint  candidates,  be.  the  amount  produced  by  multiplying 
a  single  candidate's  maximum  by  one-and-a-half  and 
dividing  the  result  by  the  number  of  joint  candidates. 

(n)  See  sect.  33  (1).  set  out  on  p.  223,  sapra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Section  36(1).  FIFTH   SCHEDULE. 

PART  I.  —  PROVISIONS  AS  TO  UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  OTHER 
THAN  SCOTTISH  UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (o)  . 

E&twning  Officer. 
I  .  The  returning  officer  shall  be  — 

(a)  in  the  case  of  the  Oxford,  Cambridge,  and  London 

University  constituencies  respectively  the  Vioe- 
Chancellor  of  the  university; 

(b)  in  the  case  of  the  Dublin  University  Constitu- 

ency, the  Provost  of  Trinity  College; 

(c)  in  the  case  of  the  combined  English  university 

constituency,  the  Vice-Chancellor,  Principal, 
or  Corresponding  Officer  of  such  university, 
being  one  of  the  combined  universities  as  may 
be  from  time  to  time  appointed  by  the  Board 
of  Education  for  that  purpose;  and 

(d)  in  the  case  of  the  constituency  of  the  University 

of  Wales,  the   Vice-Chancellor   of    the    uni- 

versity; 

and  the  writ  for  any  election  of  a  member  or  members  for 
Parliament  for  a  university  constituency  shall  be  directed 
to  the  returning  officer  of  that  constituency  . 

2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  returning  officer  to  make 
all  arrangements  for  the  election,  including  arrangements 
for  the  nomination  of  candidates  (p),  and  the  poll  (q)  and 
counting  of  votes  (r),  and  to  certify  the  result  of  the  elec- 
tion in  pursuance  of  the  writ. 

(o)  See  sect.  36  (1),  set  out  on  p.  279,  supra. 
(p)  See  clauses  3  to  8,  pp.  365—366,  infra. 
(9)  See  clauses  9  to  18,  pp.  366—368,  infra. 
(r)  See  clauses  19  to  22,  24,  pp.  368—369,  infra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS. 

Nomination. 

3 .  The  nomination  shall  take  place  on  such  day  and  at 
such  time  and  place  as  may  be  fixed    by  the    returning 
officer,  being  not  less  than  four  days  and  not  more  than 
twelve  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  writ,  and  the  returning 
officer  shall  give  public  notice  (t)  of  the  day,  time,  and 
place  so  fixed  within  two  days  after  he  receives  the  writ. 

4.  The  candidate  must  be  nominated  in  writing    by 
two  electors  as  proposer  and  seconder  and  by  eight  other 
electors  as  assenting  to  the  nomination,  and  his  nomination 
must  be  delivered  to  the  returning  officer  by  some  elector. 

5.  If,  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  fixed  for  nomina- 
tion,  no  more  candidates  are  nominated  than  there  are 
vacancies  to  be  filled  up,  the  returning  officer  shall  declare 
the  candidates  who  stand  nominated  to   be  elected  and 
certify  the  result  of  the  election  accordingly. 

6.  If,  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  fixed  for  nomina- 
tion, more   candidates   stand   nominated   than   there   are 
vacancies  to  be  filled  up,  the  returning  officer  shall  arrange 
for  a  poll  to  be  taken . 

7.  A  candidate  may  be  withdrawn  in  manner  provided 
by  regulations  (u)  made  under  this  Act,  and  if,  owing  to 
the  withdrawal  of  a  candidate  after  nomination,  a  poll 
becomes  unnecessary,  the  returning  officer  shall  counter- 
mand the  poll  and  declare  any  candidate  elected    whose 
nomination  remains  standing. 

8.  If  one  of  the  candidates  nominated  dies  after  he  has 
been  nominated  and  before  the  commencement  of  the  poll, 
the  returning  officer  shall  countermand  the  poll  and  other 
proceedings  for  the  election  and  commence  the  same  again 
as  if  the  writ  had  been  received  by  him  on  the  day  on 
which  he  is  satisfied  of  the  fact  that  the  death  took  place. 

No  fresh  nomination  shall  be  required  in  the  case  of  a 

(5)  See  clause  31,  p.  371,  infra. 

(t}  These  regulations  have  not  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press 
been  made. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

candidate  who  stood  nominated  at  the  time  the  poll  was 
countermanded. 

Poll. 

9.  The  poll  shall  remain  open  for  five  days,  and  shall 
take  place  on  such  days  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  returning 
officer  commencing  not  more  than  twelve  and  not  less  than 
three  clear  days  after  the  day  of  nomination. 

10.  The  returning  officer   shall  appoint  such  polling 
places  as  appear  to  him  to  allow  reasonable  facilities  for 
voting,  and  may  give  special  directions  that  certain  electors 
shall  be  allotted  to  certain  polling  places. 

11.  An  elector  may  vote  at  a  poll  by  the  delivery  of 
a  voting  paper  (signed  by  the  voter  at  any  time  subsequent 
to  the  nomination)  in  the  form  (v)  appended  to  this  part  of 
this  schedule  or  in  a  form  to  the  same  effect  and  accom- 
panied with  a  like  declaration,  or,  unless  the  returning 
officer  directs  to  the  contrary,  in  person,  and  may  so  vote 
at  any  polling  place  if  he  has  not  been  allotted  to  any 
polling  place,  or,  if  he  has  been  so  allotted,  at  any  polling 
place  to  which  he  has  been  so  allotted. 

The  returning  officer  may  give  a  special  direction  that 
votes  shall  not  be  given  in  person  at  the  election,  or  that 
votes  may  be  given  in  person  on  certain  days  of  the  poll 
only. 

12.  A  voting  paper  may  be  delivered  at  a  polling  place 
on  behalf  of  the  voter  by  an  elector,  or  by  being  sent  to  the 
presiding  officer  (#)  at  the  polling  place  by  post,  and  any 
voting  paper  received  by  a  presiding  officer  at  a  polling 
place  at  which  the  elector  may  vote  before  the  close  of  the 
poll  shall  be  counted,  unless  rejected  as  invalid  («/). 

Voting  papers  may  also  be  sent  to  the  returning  officer 
by  post,  and  any  voting  papers  so  received  by  the  return- 

(t)}  Seep.  372,  infra. 

(&)  See  clause  15,  p.  367,  infra. 

(y)  See  pp.  182—200,  supra. 


UNIVERSITY   ELECTIONS.  36*7 

ing  officer  shall  be  sent  by  him  to  the  proper  presiding 
officer. 

13.  The  poll  shall  be  open  for  such  time  between  the 
hours  of  8  a.m.  in  the  morning  and  8  p.m.  in  the  evening, 
not  being  less  than  four  hours,  as  the  returning  officer  may 
direct,  except  that,  if  votes  in  person  are  received,  but  are 
not  received  on  all  the  days  of  the  poll,  six  hours  shall  be 
substituted  for  four  as  respects  the  days  on  which  votes  are 
so  received  as  the  minimum  time  under  this  provision. 

14.  The  returning  officer  skall  give  public  notice  (z)  of 
the  days  and  hours  of  poll  and  of  the  polling  places  ap- 
pointed, and  of  any  special  directions  given  by  him  as  to 
the  days  or  hours  of  poll,  or  the  allotment  of  electors  to 
certain  polling  places,  or  as  to  voting  in  person. 

15.  The   returning   officer    shall   appoint   a   presiding 
officer  for  every  polling  place  at  which  he  does  not  act 
a,s  a  presiding  officer  himself  and  the  presiding  officer  shall 
have  general  control  over  the  arrangements  for  voting  at 
the  polling  place  and   shall   record    the  votes  of   electors 
voting  in  person  and  receive  voting  papers. 

16.  Each  candidate  may  appoint  a  person  to  be  the 
candidate's  representative  at  each  polling  place,  and  a  can- 
didate's representative  may  object  to  any  voting  paper  (a) 
received  at  the  polling  place  or  to  the  vote  of  any  person  (&) 
claiming  to  vote  in  person  at  that  place,  and  the  presiding 
officer  shall  submit  any  such  objection  to  the  returning 
officer  for  decision . 

17.  The  returning  officer  shall  decide  on  the  validity  of 
any  voting  paper  (a)  to  which  objection  is  taken,  or  on  the 
right  of  any  person  to  vote  (&)  in  person,  if  that  right  is 
questioned,  and  the  decision  of  the  returning  officer,  if 
the  voting  paper  or  the  right  to  vote  is  allowed,  shall  be 
final,  but,  if  the  voting  paper  or  the  right  to  vote  is  dis- 

(z)  See  clause  31,  p.  371,  infra. 
(a)  See  pp.  182—200,  supra. 
(&)  See  pp.  167 — 172,  supra. 


368  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

allowed,  shall  be  subject  to  reversal  on  any  proceeding 
questioning  the  election  or  return. 

18.  The  register  kept  in  pursuance  of  this  Act  shall 
be  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of  any  person  to  vote  at  the 
poll;  but  this  provision  shall  not  entitle  any  person  to  vote 
if  that  person  is  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity  (c). 

A  person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  be  placed  on  the  register 
as  a  graduate  until  the  university  authorities  are  satisfied 
that  the  grant  of  the  degree  is  complete  (d). 

Counting  of  Votes. 

19.  After  the  poll  is  closed  all  voting  papers  received 
at  any  polling  place  and  a  record  of  votes  (if  any)  given 
by  electors  in  person  shall  be  placed  in  a  proper  receptacle 
and  sealed  up  and  delivered  to  the  returning  officer,  and  the 
returning  officer  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the 
receipt  of  the  votes  from  all  the  polling  places,  count  the 
votes  and  publish  (e)  the  result. 

20.  The  voting  papers  counted,  and  the  record  of  votes 
(if  any)  given  by  electors  in  person,  and  any  papers  which 
have  been  rejected  as  invalid  (/)  and  a  list  of  persons  (if 
any)  who  have  tendered  their  votes  in  person  but  who  have 
not  been  allowed  to  vote  (/),  shall  "be  placed  in  separate 
packets,  and  shall  be  kept  by  the  returning  officer  for  a 
period  of  twelve  months  after  the  close  of  the  poll. 

«  21 .  The  returning  officer  shall  give  notice  to  the  candi- 

dates of  the  time  and  place  for  counting  the  votes,  and 
shall  permit  any  candidate  and  a  representative  authorised 

(c)  See  pp.  102—107,  supra. 

(d)  It  is  clear  that  this  provision  in  the  latter  part  of  clause  1& 
cannot  render  nugatory  the  right  expressly  given  by  sect.  4  (2) 
(see  p.  64,  supra)  to  women  who  have  been  admitted  to  and  passed 
the  final  examination,  but  are  not  admitted  by  the  university  to  a 
degree. 

(e)  See  clause  31,  p.  371,  infra. 
(/)  See  clause  16,  p.  367,  supra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS.  ,  369 

by  the  candidate  for  the  purpose  to  be  present  at    the 
count. 

No  person  other  than  the  returning  officer,  his 
assistants  and  clerks,  and  the  candidates  and  representa- 
tives so  authorised  shall  be  entitled  to  be  present  at  the 
count  except  with  the  sanction  of  the  returning  officer. 

22.  Where  an  equality  of  votes  is  found  to  exist  between 
any  candidates  on  a  final  count  and  the  addition  of  a  vote 
would  entitle  any  of  those  candidates  to  be  declared  elected, 
the  returning  officer  whether  an  elector  or  not  may  give 
a  deciding  vote,  but  the   returning  officer  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  vote  at  the  election  in  any  other  case. 

Speci-al  Provisions  for  a  Combined  University 
Constituency  (g) . 

23.  In  a  combined  university  constituency  the    Vice- 
Chancellor,  or  the  person  performing  the  duties  of  a  Vice- 
Chancellor,  at  each  university  forming  the  combination, 
shall,  for  the   purpose  of   making    arrangements  for  the 
poll  and  the  holding  of  the  poll,  have  at  the  university 
the   powers   and   perform    the   duties   of   the    returning 
officer  (including  the  power  and  duty  of  deciding  upon 
the  validity  of  voting  papers  (h)  and  the  right  of  a  person 
to  vote  (i) . 

24.  Arrangements  may  be  made  for  counting  votes  at 
an  election  for  a  combined  university  constituency  (0r)  at 
each  of  the  universities  forming  the  combination,  if  the 
transferable  vote  (fc)  is  not  used  at  that  election,  and  for  a 
record  of  the  votes  counted  at  each  university  being  sent  to 
the  returning  officer  for  the  combined  constituency  in  order 
that  he  may  ascertain  and  declare  the  result  of  the  election 

(g)  See  Ninth  Schedule,  Part  III.,  p.  554,  infra. 

(h]  See  pp.  182—200,  supra. 

(i)  See  pp.  102—110,  167—172,  supra. 

(/.-)  See  sect,  20  (1),  p.  155,  and  pp.  158—160,  supra. 

F.  24 


370  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


General. 

25.  The  returning  officer  shall  appoint  such  deputies 
and  clerks  as  he  may  think  necessary  for  the  proper  holding 
of  the  election,  and  shall  supply  a  form  of  voting  paper  (o) 
to  any  elector  applying  for  such  a  form,  and  shall  supply 
forms  of  nomination  papers. 

The  governing  body  of  the  University  may  designate 
an  officer  of  the  University  to  act  temporarily  as  returning 
officer  in  the  event  of  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  returning 
officer  or  in  the  event  of  his  incapacity  to  appoint  a  deputy . 

26.  Any  expenses  reasonably  incurred  by  the  returning 
officer  in  connection  with  the  arrangements  for  a   uni- 
versity election  and  the  conduct  thereof  shall  be  repaid  to 
the  returning  officer  by  the  University. 

In  the  case  of  a  combined  University  constituency  (p) 
any  such  expenses  incurred  by  the  Vice-Chancellor  or  corre- 
sponding officer  of  each  University  shall  be  paid  by  the 
University  whose  Vice-Chancellor  or  officer  has  incurred 
the  expenses,  and  any  other  such  expenses  shall  be  paid 
in  equal  shares  by  the  Universities  forming  the  com- 
bination . 

In  the  case  of  a  combined  University  constituency  (p) 
any  candidate's  deposit  which  is  forfeited  (q)  to  the  Uni- 
versity shall  be  retained  by,  or  paid  to,  the  University 
whose  Vice-Chancellor  or  other  officer  is  the  returning 
officer  of  the  combined  constituency  and  applied  by  that 
University  in  the  payment  of  the  expenses  which  are  under 
this  provision  to  be  paid  in  equal  shares  by  the  Universities 
forming  the  combination. 

27 .  A  voting  paper  shall  be  deemed  to  be  a  public  docu- 
ment within  the  meaning  of  subsection  (3)  of  section  four 
of  the  Forgery  Act,  1913,  and  section  five  of  the  Perjury 

(o)  For  form,  see  p.  372,  infra. 

(p)  See  Ninth  Schedule,  Part  III.,  p.  554,  infra. 

(7)  See  sect.  27,  pp.  208—210,  supra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS. 

Act,  1911,  applies  to  any  declaration  or  statement  made 
in  the  voting  paper. 

28.  A  voting  paper  shall  not  be  liable  to  stamp  duty. 

29.  If   any  person,  for   the  purpose   of   enabling   an 
elector  to  vote  at  a  university  election,  corruptly  pays  on 
his  behalf  any  fees  which  the  elector  is  required  to  pay 
in  order  to  be  registered  or  entitled  to  vote,  he  shall  be 
guilty  of  an  illegal  practice  (r)  within  the  meaning  of  the 
Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883,  and 
that  Act  shall  apply  accordingly. 

30.  In  reckoning  time  for  the  purpose  of  the  provisions 
in  this  Schedule,  Sunday,  Christmas  Day,  Good  Friday, 
and  any  day  set  apart  as  a  bank  or  public  holiday  or  day 
of  public  fast  or  public  thanksgiving  shall  be  excluded; 
and  where  anything  is  required  by  these  provisions  to  be 
done  on  any  day  falls  to  be  done  on  any  such  day  that 
thing  may  be  done  on  the  next  day  not  being  one  of  any 
such  days. 

31 .  If  regulations  (5)  are  made  under  this  Act  as  to  the 
manner  in  which  public  notice  is  to  be  given  under  the 
provisions  of  this  Schedule,  public  notice  shall  be  given 
in  manner  directed  under  any  such  regulations  for  the 
time  being  in  force,  and  if  no  such  regulations  are  in  force 
shall  be  given  in  such  manner  as  the  Returning  Officer 
considers   best   fitted   for  giving   notice   to   the   persons 
concerned . 

32.  An  election  shall  not  be  declared  invalid  by  reason 
of  non-compliance  with  these  provisions  if  it  appears  to 
the  tribunal  cognisant  of  the  case  that  the  election  was  con- 
ducted in  accordance  with  the  principle  of  these  provisions 
and  that  the  non-compliance  with  these  provisions  did  not 
affect  the  result  of  the  election. 

(r)  See  p.  166,  supra. 

(«)  No  such  regulations  have  been  made  up  to  the  time  of  going 
to  press. 

24  (2) 


372  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Farm  of  Voting  Paper. 

I,  A.  B.  (here  give  the  elector's  name  in  full, 

with  his  university  degree  and  college,  if  any],  give  my 
vote  as  indicated  below: — 


•Candidates. 

Order  of  Preference. 

A 

B 

C 

D 

I  declare  that  I  have  signed  no  other  voting  paper  and 
have  not  voted  in  person  at  this  election  for  the  university 
constituency  of 
f  I  also  declare — 

(In  the  case  of  a  man)  that  I  have  not  voted  at 
this  general  election  in  respect  of  any  qualifi- 
cation other  than  a  residence  qualification ; 
(In  the  case  of  a  woman)  that  I  have  not  voted  at 
this  general  election  for  any  other  university 
constituency  (t) . 

Signed         A.  B. 
Address 

The  day  of  19     . 

I  declare  that  this  voting  paper  (the  voting  paper  having 
been  previously  filled  in),  was  signed  in  my  presence  by 
A.  B.?  who  is  personally  known  to  me,  on  the  day 

of  19     . 

Signed         O.D. 
Address 

*  This  form  will  require  modification  where  the  transferable  vote 
is  not  used  at  the  election. 

t  This  declaration  is  to  be  made  only  at  a  general  election. 


(0  See  Second  Schedule,  Part  II.,  p.  358,  supra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (.SCOTLAND). 

PART  II. 

PROVISIONS  AS  TO  SCOTTISH  UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (w) . 
Returning  Officer. 

1.  The   returning   officer  for  the    combined    Scottish 
University  constituency  shall  be  the  Vice-Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  to  whom  the  writ  for  any 
election  of  a  member  or  members  of  Parliament  for  that 
constituency  shall  be  directed. 

2.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  returning  officer  to  make 
all  arrangements  for  the  election,  including  arrangements 
for  the  nomination  of  candidates  (v),  and  (where  a  poll  is 
necessary)  for  the  poll  (x)  and  counting  of  votes  (y\  and  to 
certify  the   result   of  the  election   in   pursuance   of   the 
writ. 

3.  The  returning  officer  shall  give  notice  to  the  candi- 
dates of  the  days  fixed  for  the  poll  and  of  the  time  and 
place  for  counting  the  votes,  and  any  candidate  and  an 
agent  appointed  by  any  candidate  for  the  purpose  may 
be  present  at  the  poll  and  the  count. 

No  person  other  than  the  returning  officer,  his  assistants 
and  clerks,  and  the  candidates  and  their  agents  shall  be 
entitled  to  be  present  at  the  count  except  with  the  sanction 
of  the  returning  officer. 

Nomination. 

4 .  The  nomination  shall  take  place  on  such  day  and  at 
such  time  and  place  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  returning 
officer,  being  not  less  than  four  days  and  not  more  than 
eight  days  after  the  receipt  of  the  writ,  and  the  returning 


(a)  See  sect.  36  (1),  set  out  on  p.  279,  supra. 
(y)  See  clauses  4  to  9,  infra. 
(x)  See  clauses  10  to  26,  pp.  374—380,  infra. 
(y)  See  clauses  27,  28,  p.  380,  infra. 


374  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

officer  shall  give  public  notice  (a)  of  the  day,  time,  and 
place  so  fixed  within  three  days  after  he  receives  the  writ. 

5 .  The  candidate  must  be  nominated  in  writing  by  two 
electors  as  proposer  and  seconder  and  by  eight  other  electors 
as  assenting  to  the  nomination,  and  his  nomination  must 
be  delivered  to  the  returning  officer  by  some  elector. 

6.  If,  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  fixed  for  nomination, 
no  more  candidates  are  nominated  than  there  are  vacancies 
to  be  filled  up,  the  returning  officer  shall  declare  the  candi- 
dates who  stand  nominated  to  be  elected  and  certify  the 
result  of  the  election  accordingly. 

7.  If,  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  fixed  for  nomination, 
more  candidates  stand  nominated  than  there  are  vacancies 
to  be  filled  up,  the  returning  officer  shall  arrange  for  a 
poll  to  be  taken . 

8.  A  candidate  may  be  withdrawn  in  manner  provided 
by  regulations  (6)  made  under  this  Act,  and  if,  owing  to  the 
withdrawal  of  a  candidate  after  nomination,  a  poll  becomes 
unnecessary,  the  returning  officer  shall  countermand  the 
poll  and  declare  any  candidate  elected  whose  nomination 
remains  standing. 

9 .  If  one  of  the  candidates  nominated  dies  after  he  has 
been  nominated  and  before  the  commencement  of  the  poll, 
the  returning  officer  shall  countermand  the  poll  and  other 
proceedings  for  the  election  and  commence  the  same  again 
as  if  the  writ  had  been  received  by  him  on  the  day  on  which 
he  is  satisfied  of  the  fact  that  the  death  took  place. 

No  fresh  nomination  shall  be  required  in  the  case  of  a 
candidate  who  stood  nominated  at  the  time  the  poll  was 
countermanded. 

Poll. 

10.  The  poll  shall  remain  open  for  not  less  than  four 
dayB  nor  more  than  six  days,  and  shall  take  place  on  such 

(a)  See  clause  37,  p.  382,  infra. 

(6)  These  regulations  have  not  been  made  up  to  the  time  of  going 
to  press. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND).  375 

days  as  may  be  fixed  by  the  returning  officer,  commencing 
not  more  than  twenty  and  not  less  than  twelve  clear  days 
after  the  day  of  nomination. 

11.  The  poll  at  each  University  shall  be  open  at  such 
place  and  for  such  time  each  day  between  the  hours  of 
8  a.m.  and  8  p.m.,  not  being  less  than  four  hours,  as  the 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  may  direct. 

12.  The  Vice-Chancellor  of  each  University  shall  give 
public  notice  (c)  of  the  days  and  hours  of  poll  and  of  the 
polling  place  appointed. 

13.  The  Vice-Chancellor  of  each  University  shall  at  the 
University  act  as  presiding  officer  and  shall  have  general 
control  over  the  arrangements  for  the  conduct  of  the  poll 
at  such  University. 

14.  No  person  other  than  the  Vice-Chancellor,  the  regis- 
trar, their  assistants  and  clerks,  and  the  candidates  and 
their  agents  shall  be  entitled  to  be  present  at  the  poll  except 
with  the  sanction  of  the  Vice-Chancellor. 

15.  The  Vice-Chancellor  of  each  University  shall    as 
regards   the   voting   papers  relating   to   such   University 
decide  on  the  validity  of  any  voting  paper  (d)  to  which  ob- 
jection is  taken,  or  on  the  right  of  any  person  to  vote  (e), 
and  the  decision  of  the  Vice-Chancellor,  if  the  voting  paper 
or  the  right  to  vote  is  allowed,  shall  be  final,  but,  if  the 
voting  paper  or  the  right  to  vote  is  disallowed,  shall  be 
subject  to  reversal  on    any  proceeding    questioning    the 
election  or  return. 

16.  The  register  kept  in  pursuance  of  this  Act  by  the 
University  Court  shall  be  conclusive  as  to  the  right  of  any 
person  to  vote  at  the  poll;    but  this  provision  shall  not 
entitle  any  person  to  vote  if  that  person  is  subject  to  any 
legal  incapacity  (/) . 

(c)  See  clause  37,  p.  382,  infra. 

(d)  See  pp.  182—200,  supra. 

(e)  See  pp.  102—110,  167—172,  supra. 
(/)  See  pp.  4—8,  67—68,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

17.  Votes  shall  be  given  by  means  of  voting  papers, 
and  no  elector  shall  be  allowed  to  vote  in  person,  or  in  any 
other  way  than  is  herein  provided.   Each  voting  paper  .shall 
be  in  the  form  (A)  appended  to  this  Schedule  (#).     Each 
voting  paper  shall  have  a  number  printed  or  written  on 
the  back  thereof,  and  shall  have  attached  a  counterfoil 
with  the  same  number  printed  or  written  on  the  face. 
Before  a  voting  paper  is  issued  to  an  elector  as  herein- 
after provided,  it  shall  be  marked  with  an  official  mark, 
either  stamped  or  perforated,  and  the    number  of  such 
elector,  as  stated  on  the  register  shall  be  marked  on  the 
counterfoil,  and  a  mark  shall  be  placed  in  the  register 
or  any  copy  thereof  used  for  the  purposes  of  the  election 
against  the  number  of  the  elector  to  denote  that  a  voting 
paper  has  been  issued  to  him. 

18.  The  registrar  of  each  University,  as  soon  as  he  con- 
veniently can  after  the  day  of  nomination  (A),  and  not  later 
than  eight  clear  days  thereafter,  shall  issue  through  the 
post  a  voting  paper,  in  the  form  (A)  appended  to    this 
Schedule  (#),  to  each  elector  to  his  address  as  entered  on  the 
register  who  shall  appear  from  said  address  to  be  resident 
within  the  United  Kingdom  or  the  Channel  Islands;  and 
such  voting  paper  (the  Christian  name,  surname,  desig- 
nation, and  residence  of  the  elector  as  appearing  on    the 
register  having  previously  been  filled  in  by  the  registrar,  or 
some  one  having  his  authority),  contained  in  an  envelope 
marked  on  the  outside  as  sent  by  the  registrar  of  the  Uni- 
versitj^,  shall  be  accompanied  by  a  letter  of  intimation  in 
the  form   (B)  appended  to  this  schedule  (£),    and    by    a 
stamped  envelope  addressed  to  the  registrar,  for  the  return 
of  the  said  voting  paper;  and  each  elector,  upon  receipt  of 
his  voting  paper,  if  he  desires  to  vote  in  the  election,  shall 
record  his  vote  thereon,  and  the  place  and  date  of  signa- 

(0)  For  form,  see  pp.  383—384,  infra. 
(A)  See  clause  4,  pp.  373—374,  supra. 
(0  For  form,  see  p.  384,  infra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND).  377 

ture,  and  affix  his  subscription  thereto,  in  the  presence  of 
one  witness,  who  shall  personally  know  the  elector,  and 
who  shall  attest  the  fact  of  such  voting  paper  having  been 
signed  by  the  elector  in  his  presence  at  the  place  therein 
mentioned,  by  signing  his  name  at  the  foot  thereof,  and 
adding  his  designation  and  place  of  residence  in  the  form 
or  to  the  effect  set  forth  in  the  form  (A)  appended  to  this 
schedule  (&). 

19.  Thereafter  the  voting  paper  so  signed  and  attested 
as  aforesaid,  shall,  if  the  elector  desires  to  vote  in  the 
election,  be  returned  through  the  post  to  the  registrar  of 
the  University  by  whom  it  was  issued,  so  as  to  reach  him 
not  later  than  the  time  specified  in  the  said  letter  of  inti- 
mation for  the  return  of  the  voting  paper.     Each  voting 
paper,  when  received  back  by  the  registrar,  shall  be  kept 
by  him  unopened  in  a  fireproof  safe,  or  other  place  of 
safety,  until  the  poll  begins. 

20 .  If  an  elector,  before  or  after  he  has  received  a  voting 
paper,  shall  intimate  or  cause  to  be  intimated  in  writing 
to  the  registrar  that  he  is  incapacitated  from  blindness  or 
other  physical  cause  to  vote  in  the  manner  prescribed  by 
this  Act,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  registrar,  on  getting 
back  the  voting  paper  from  the  elector,  if  such  has  been 
issued,  to  issue  to  the  elector  so  incapacitated  a  voting 
paper  in  the  form  or  to  the  effect  set  forth  in  the  form  (C) 
appended  to  this  schedule  (7);   and  on  said  voting  paper 
being  received  by  the  elector,  it  shall  be  competent  for  him 
to  record  his  vote  by  the  hand  of  a  justice  of  the  peace  in 
the  manner  therein  directed;  and  the  said  justice  of  peace 
shall  certify  and  attest  the  fact  of  his  having  been  re- 
quested and  authorised  by  the  elector  to  sign  said  voting 
paper  for  him,  and  of  its  having  been  so  signed  by  him 
in  the  presence  of  the  elector  by  signing  an  attestation  in 
the  form    (C)  aforesaid;    and  such    voting  paper,   when 

(A-)  For  form,  see  pp.  383—384,  infra. 
(1}  For  form,  see  pp.  385—386,  infra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

received  by  the  registrar,  shall  have  the  same  effect  and 
be  similarly  dealt  with  as  a  voting  paper  signed  by  an 
elector  in  the  form  (A)  appended  to  this  schedule  (n) . 

21.  An  elector  who  has  not  received  a  voting  paper 
sent  by  post  as  aforesaid  to  his  address  as  appearing  on 
the  register,  or  who  has  before  re-delivery  thereof  to  the 
registrar,  inadvertently  spoilt  his  voting  paper  in  such 
manner  that  it  cannot  be  conveniently  used  as  a  voting 
paper,  or  who  has  lost  his   voting  paper,   may,   on    his 
transmitting  to  the  registrar  a  declaration  signed  by  him- 
self before  a  justice  of  the  peace  setting  forth  the  fact  of 
the  non-receipt,  the  inadvertent  spoiling,  or  the  loss  of 
the  voting  paper,  require  the  registrar  to  send  him  a  new 
voting  paper  in  place  of  the  one  not  received,  or  spoilt, 
or  lost;  and  in  case  the  voting  paper  has  been  spoilt,  the 
spoilt  voting  paper  shall  be  returned  to  the  registrar,  and 
when  received  by  him  shall  be  immediately  cancelled,  and 
in  every  case  where  a  new  voting  paper  is  issued  a  mark 
shall  be  placed  opposite  the  number  of  the  elector's  name 
on  the  register,  to  denote  that  a  new  voting  paper  has  been 
issued  in  place  of  the  one  not  received,  or  spoilt,  or  lost. 

22.  An  elector  who  does  not  appear  from  his  address 
as  entered  on  the  register  to  be  resident  within  the  United 
Kingdom  or  the  Channel  Islands,  may  apply  in  writing 
to  the  registrar  to  send  a  voting  paper  to  him  to  an  address 
within  the  United  Kingdom  or  the  Channel  Islands. 

23.  The  registrar,  upon  receiving   an    application    in 
terms  of  either  of  the  two  preceding  provisions  hereof  at 
any  time  before  the  day  on  which  the  poll  begins,  shall 
forthwith  transmit  a  new  voting  paper,  or  a  voting  paper, 
as  the  case  may  be,  to  the  address  as  appearing  on  the 
register,  or  to  the  address  within  the  United  Kingdom  or 
Channel  Islands  as  the  case  may  be:   Provided  that    the 
registrar  shall  open  all  letters  coming  addressed  to  him 

(n)  For  form,  see  pp.  383— fc84,  infra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND). 

from  the  Dead  Letter  Office  after  the  date  of  his  issuing 
the  voting  papers,  in  order  to  ascertain  and  make  public 
the  names  and  addresses  of  the  electors  whose  voting  papers 
have  not  reached  them,  which  he  shall  do  by  exhibiting 
publicly  at  his  office  in  the  University  as  they  reach  him 
a  list  of  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  electors  whose 
letters  have  been  returned  to  him  from  the  Dead  Letter 
Office,  for  the  information  of  >all  concerned . 

24.  When  the  poll  begins,  the  voting  papers  shall  be 
opened  and  examined  by  the  registrar  in  the  presence  of 
the  Vice-Chancellor  and  any  candidate  or  agent  of  a  candi- 
date who  may  attend,  and  the  voting  papers  found  to  be 
marked  with  the  official  mark  and  the  number  on  the 
back   as   appearing    on   the  counterfoil,    and    otherwise 
regular,  shall  be  put  apart  until  the  end  of  the  poll.    Any 
voting  paper  which  has  not  the  official  mark   and  the 
number  on  the  back  as  appearing  on  the  counterfoil,  or 
which  is  in  the  opinion  of  the  Vice-Chancellor  otherwise 
invalid,  shall  not  be  counted  as  a  vote  in  the  election,  but 
shall  be  sealed  up  in  a  paper  apart,  marked  on  the  back 
thereof  with  the  words  "  voting  papers  received  but  dis- 
allowed," and  initialled  by  the  Vice-Chancellor. 

25 .  It  shall  be  lawful  for  any  candidate  or  the  agent  of 
any  candidate  who  may  be  in  attendance  at  the  poll,  to 
inspect  any  voting  paper  and  to  object  to  it  on  one  or 
more  of  the  following  grounds:  — 

(1)  That  the  elector  named  in  the  voting  paper  lias 

already  voted  at  that  election: 

(2)  That  the  person  giving  a  vote  by  the  voting  paper 

is  not  qualified  to  vote: 

(3)  That  the  voting  papor  is  forged  or  falsified: 

(4)  That  the  voting  paper  is  wanting  in  any  of    the 

essential  conditions  required  by  this  Act: 

Provided,  that  in  case  the  objection  offered  to  any  voting 
paper  shall  be  that  it  is  forged  or  falsified,  such  voting 
paper  shall  not  on  that  ground  alone  be  disallowed  by  the 


380  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Vice-Chancellor,  but  he  shall  write  upon  it,  "  objected  to 
as  forged,"  or,  "objected  to  as  falsified,"  together  with 
the  name  of  the  person  making  such  objection. 

26.  No  voting  paper  shall  be  counted  which  does  not 
reach  the  registrar  before  ten  of  the  clock  on  the  morning 
of  the  day  on  which  the  poll  closes. 

Counting  of  Votes. 

27.  After  the  poll  is  closed  all  voting  papers  received 
at  any  polling  place  shall  be  placed  in  a  proper  receptacle 
and  sealed  up  and  delivered  to  the  returning  officer,  and 
the  returning  officer  shall,  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the 
receipt  of  the  votes  from  all  the  polling  places,  count  the 
votes  and  publish  (o)  the  result. 

28 .  Where  an  equality  of  votes  is  found  to  exist  between 
any  candidates  on  a  final  count  and  the  addition  of  a  vote 
would  entitle  any  of  those  candidates  to  be  declared  elected, 
the  returning  officer  may  give  a  deciding  vote,  but  the 
returning  officer  shall  not  be  entitled  to  vote  at  the  election 
in  any  other  case. 

General. 

29.  Arrangements  may  be  made  for  counting  votes  at 
an  election  for  the  combined  university  constituency  at 
each  of  the  universities  forming  the  combination,  if   the 
transferable  vote  (p)  is  not  used  at  that  election,  and  for  a 
record  of  the  votes  counted  at  each  University  being  sent 
to  the  returning  officer  for  the  combined  constituency  in 
order  that  ho  may  ascertain  and  declare  the  result  of  the 
election . 

30.  The  returning  officer  shall  appoint  such  deputies 
and  clerks  as  he  may  think  necessary  for  the  proper  holding 
of  the  election,  and  shall  supply  forms    of    nomination 
papers. 

(o)  See  clause  37,  p.  382,  infra. 

(p]  See  sect.  20  (1),  p.  155,  and  pp.  158—160,  supra. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND).  381 

31.  All  voting  papers  received  and  counted  at  an  elec- 
tion, and  the  counterfoils  thereof,  as  well  as  any  voting 
papers  disallowed  for  informality,  or  on  any  other  ground, 
and  the  counterfoils  thereof,  shall  be  filed,  and,  along  with 
any  copy  of  the  register  used  for  the  purposes  of  said 
election,  shall  be  kept  by  the  returning  officer  for  a  period 
of  twelve  months  after  the  closing  of  the  poll. 

32.  Any  person  falsely   or  fraudulently   signing   any 
voting  paper  in  the  name  of  any  other  person,  either  as 
a  voter  or  as  a  witness,  and  every  person  signing,  certi- 
fying, attesting,  or  transmitting  as  genuine  any  false  or 
falsified  voting  paper,  knowing  the  same  to  be  false  or 
falsified,  or   with   fraudulent    intent   altering,    defacing, 
destroying,  withholding,  or  obstructing  any  voting  paper, 
shall  be  guilty  of  a  crime  and  offence,  and  shall  be  punish- 
able by  fine  or  imprisonment  for  a  term  not  exceeding 
one  year. 

33.  No  such  voting  paper  as  herein-before  mentioned 
shall  be  liable  to  any  stamp  duty. 

34.  Any   expenses  reasonably   incurred  by  the  Vice- 
Chancellor   of   each   University  in   connection    with   the 
arrangements  for  an  election  shall  be  repaid  to  him  by 
that  University:  Provided  that  any  expenses  so  incurred 
by  the  returning  officer  in  connection  with  the  nomination 
and  the  counting  of  votes  shall  be  paid  in  equal  shares  by 
the  four  Universities  forming  the  constituency. 

35.  If  any  person,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  any 
other  person  to  vote  at  a   university  election,  corruptly 
pays  on  his  behalf  any  fees  which  such  other  person  is 
required  to  pay  in  order  to  be  registered  or  entitled  to  vote, 
he  shall  be  guilty  of  an  illegal  pnactioe  (q)  within   the 
meaning  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention 
Act,  1883,  and  that  Act  shall  apply  accordingly. 

36.  In  reckoning  time  for  the  purpose  of  the  provi- 

(q)  See  p.  166, 


382  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

sions  in  this  Schedule,  Sunday,  Christmas  Day,  and  any 
day  set  apart  as  a  bank  or  public  holiday  or  public  fast  or 
public  thanksgiving  shall  be,  excluded;  and  where  anything 
required  by  these  provisions  to  be  done  on  any  day  falls 
to  be  done  on  any  such  day  it  may  be  done  on  the  next 
day  not  being  one  of  any  such  days. 

37 .  If  regulations  («)  are  made  under  tliis  Act  as  to  the 
mariner  in  which  public  notice  is  to  be  given  under  the 
provisions  of  this  Schedule,  public  notice  shall  be  given 
in  manner  directed  under  any  such  regulations  for  the 
time  being  in  force,  and  if  no  such  regulations  are  in 
force  shall  be  given  in  such  manner  as  the  returning  officer 
or  the  Vice-Chancellor  as  the  case  may  be,  considers  best 
fitted  for  giving  notice  to  the  persons  concerned. 

38.  An  election  shall  not  be  declared  invalid  by  reason 
of  non-compliance  with  these  provisions  if  it  appears  to 
the  tribunal  having  jurisdiction  that  the  election  was  con- 
ducted in  accordance  with  the  principle  of  these  provisions 
and  that  the  non-compliance  with  these  provisions  did 
not  affect  the  result  of  the  election. 

39.  Where   the   Vice-Chancellor    or   registrar   of    any 
University  is  absent,  or  is  incapacitated  by  illness  for 
discharging  any  duty  required  of  him  by  this  Act,  or  if 
the  office  of  Vice-Chancellor  or  of  registrar  shall  be  vacant, 
the  duties  by  this  Act  imposed  on  the  Vice-Chancellor  or 
registrar  respectively  shall  be  discharged  by  a  person  ap- 
pointed for  that  purpose  by  the  University  Court  of  such 
University;  and  such  person  shall  in  that  respect,  but  in 
no  other,  act  for  the  time  as  and  be  deemed  to  be  Vice- 
Chancellor  or  registrar  of  such  University. 

(«)  At  the  time  of  going  to  press  no  regulations  have  been  issued. 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND). 


383 


FORM  A. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  (Name  of  University)  VOTING  PAPER. 
No.  (number  of  elector  as  on  the  register). 

I,  A.  B.  (here  give  the  elector's  name  in  full 

<md  Ms  designation),  give  my  vote  as  indicated  below:— 


"Candidates. 

Order  of  Preference. 

A 
B 

C 

D 

*  This  form  will  require  modification  where  the  transferable  vote 
is  not  used  at  the  election. 

I  declare  that  I  have  signed  no  other  voting  paper  at 
this  election  for  the  combined  university  constituency  of 
the  University  of  St.  Andrews,  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
the  University  of  Aberdeen,  and  the  University  of 
Edinburgh. 

*  I  also  declare  (t) — 

(In  the  case  of  a  man)  that  I  have  not  voted  at 
this  general  election  in  respect  of  any  qualifica- 
tion other  than  a  residence  qualification ; 
(In  the  case  of  a  woman)  that  I  have  not  voted  at 
this  general  election  for  any  other  university 
constituency. 

Signed         A.  B. 
Address 
The  day  of  19     . 

(t)  See  Second  Schedule,  Part  II.,  p.  358,  supra. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

I  declare  that  this  voting  paper  (the  vote  having  been 
previously  recorded  thereon),  was  signed  in  my  presence 
by  A.  B.?  who  is  personally  known  to  me,  on  the 
day  of  19     . 

Signed         C.D. 
Designation 
Address 

*  This  declaration  is  to  be  made  only  at  a  general  election. 


FORM  B. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  (Name  of  University) . 
No.  (number  of  elector  as  on  the  register). 


Persons  Nominated. 

Proposed  by 

Seconded  by 

A 

Name  of  Proposer 

Name  of  Seconder 

B 

Do. 

Do. 

C 

Do. 

Do. 

D 

Do. 

Do. 

SIR, 

I  HAVE  to  intimate  that  the  above-named  persons 
have  been  nominated  for  the  office  of  member  of  Parlia- 
ment. Along  with  this  letter  you  will  receive  a  voting 
paper,  and,  should  you  desire  to  vote  at  this  election,  I  have 
to  request  that  you  will  record  your  vote  thereon  and  the 
place  and  date  of  your  signing,  and  having  signed  your 
name  thereto  in  presence  of  one  witness,  who  will  also 
sign  his  name  as  directed,  you  will  return  the  voting  paper 
by  post  to  me  at  the  University  of  ,  so  as  to  reach 

me  on  or  before  10  a.m.  of  (insert  the  day  on  which  the 
poll  finally  closes). 

I  am,  &c. 

(Signed)       G.  H.,  Registrar. 
(Date.) 


UNIVERSITY  ELECTIONS  (SCOTLAND). 

FORM  C. 
UNIVERSITY  OF  (Name  of  University)  VOTING  PAPER. 

INCAPACITATED  ELECTOR. 
No.  (number  of  elector  as  on  register). 

I  A.  B.  (here  give  the  elector's  name  in  full  and  his 
designation),  give  my  vote  as  indicated  below,  and  I  have 
requested  and  authorise/I  C.  D.,  a  justice  of  peace,  to  make 
the  entries  in  this  voting  paper  on  my  behalf  and  on  my 
instructions,  and  to  subscribe  this  voting  paper  and 
declaration  (s)  for  me,  as  I  am  from  (state  the  incapacity 
unable  to  write: — 


385 


t  Candidates. 

Order  of  Preference. 

A 

B 
C 

D 

t  This  form  will  require  modification  where  the  transferable  vote 
is  not  used  at  the  election. 

I  declare  that  I  have  signed  no  other  voting  paper  at 
this  election  for  the  combined  university  constituency  of 
the  University  of  St.  Andrews,  the  University  of  Glasgow, 
the  University  of  Aberdeen,  and  the  University  of 
Edinburgh. 

J  I  also  declare  (t) — 

(In  the  case  of  a  man)  that  I  have  not  voted  at  this 
general  election  in  respect  of  any  qualification 
other  than  a  residence  qualification; 

(t)  See  Second  Schedule,  Part  II.,  p.  358,  supra. 
F.  25 


386  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(In  the  case  of  a  woman)  that  I  have  not  voted  at 
this  general  election  for  any  other  university 
constituency . 

Signed         A.B. 
Address 

The  day  of  19     . 

I,  C.  D.,  a  justice  of  peace  for  ,  and  residing  at 

,  hereby  declare  that  A.B.,  hefore  named,  being 
personally  known  to  me,  did  in  my  presence  make  the, 
declaration (s)  before  mentioned,  and  did  duly  request  and 
authorise  me  to  make  the  entries  in  this  voting  paper  on 
his  behalf  and  on  his  instructions,  and  to  subscribe  this 
voting  paper  for  him,  which  I  did  on  day  of 

19     ,  in  the  presence  of  the  said  A.B. 

(Signed)          C.  D.,  a  justice  of  peace  for 
,  and  residing  at 
J  This  declaration  is  to  be  made  only  at  a  general  election. 


Section  42.  SIXTH    SCHEDULE. 

ADAPTATION  OF  ACTS  (w) . 

1.  A  reference    to   parliamentary    electors    registered 
under  this  Act  shall  be  substituted  for  any  reference  in 
any  other  Act  to  parliamentary  electors,  parliamentary 
voters,  or  persons  entitled  to  vote  at  parliamentary  elec- 
tions, by  whatever  name  called. 

2.  A  reference  to  local  government  electors  registered 
under  this  Act  shall,  so  far  as  local  government  elections 
and  the  right  to  vote  at  any  such  elections  are  concerned,  be 
substituted  for  any  reference  in  any  other  Act  to  local 
government  electors,  county  electors,  burgesses,  parochial 
electors,  or  other  persons  entitled  to  vote  at  a  local  govern- 
ment election,  by  whatever  name  called,  and  local  govern- 

(«•)  See  sect.  42,  p.  308,  supra. 


ADAPTATION  OF  ACTS.  38' 

ment  electors  so  registered  shall  for  all  purposes,  whether 
statutory  or  not,  be  in  the  same  position  as  any  such  local 
government  electors,  county  electors,  burgesses,  parochial 
electors,  or  persons. 

3.  A  reference  to  the  register  kept  in  pursuance  of  this 
Act  shall,  so  far  as  it  relates  to  parliamentary  electors,  be 
substituted  for  any  reference  in  any  Act  to  the  parliamen- 
tary register  of  electors  or  to  the  parliamentary  register 
or  to  the  register  of  parliamentary  electors  or  to  the  register 
of  persons  entitled  to  vote  at  a  parliamentary  election,  by 
whatever  name  called,  and,  so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  local 
government   register,  shall  be   substituted  for   the  local 
government  register  of  electors,  the  burgess  roll,  the  county 
register,  the  register  of  parochial  electors,    and  for  the 
register  of  persons  entitled  to  vote  at  a  local  government 
election,  by  whatever  name  called. 

4.  The  registration  officer  shall  be  substituted  for  the 
overseers  in  sections  eleven  and  twelve  of  the  Parliamen- 
tary and  Municipal  Registration  Act,  1878,  and  in  every 
other  enactment  dealing  with  the  duties  of  the  overseers 
in  connection  with  the  registration  of  electors;    and  in 
sections  thirty-nine,  sixty-eight  and  sixty -nine    of    the 
Corrupt    and    Illegal    Practices    Prevention    Act,    1883, 
"  registration  officer"  means  the  registration  officer  under 
this  Act. 

5 .  Subsection  (4)  of  section  forty  of  the  Local  Govern- 
ment Act,  1888,  shall  have  effect  as  if  the  words  "for  the 
time  being  "  were  substituted  for  the  words  "  at  the  passing 
of  this  Act";  and,  in  order  to  meet  any  difficulty  (conse- 
quent on  the  change  of  boundaries  under  this  provision) 
in  filling  casual  vacancies  by  election  in  the  London  County 
Council,  any  such  casual  vacancy  shall,  until  the  first  elec- 
tion of  the  whole  number  of  councillors  which  takes  place 
after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  be  filled  by  means  of  the 
choice  by  the  Council  of  a  person  to  fill  the  vacancy,  and 
the  councillor  so  chosen  shall  hold  office  in  such  manner 

25  (2) 


388  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

and  in  all  respects  as  if  he  had  been  elected  to  fill  the 
vacancy. 

6.  Sections  eleven  and  thirteen  and  (so  far  as  neces- 
sary) section  twelve  of  the  Parliamentary  and  Municipal 
Registration  Act,  1878,  shall  be  adapted  so  as  to  be  appli- 
cable to  parishes  situated  in  any  constituency  or  in  any 
local    government    area,   and    for    that    purpose    "  con- 
stituency "    shall    be    substituted  in  those    sections    for 
"parliamentary  borough/'  "  local  government  area"    for 
"  municipal  borough,"  and  "  registered  as  a  local  govern- 
ment elector"  for  "enrolled  as  a  burgess." 

7.  The  Local  Government  Board  may,  by  order,  make 
such  further  adaptations  in  the  provisions    of  any  Act 
(including  any  local  Act  and  any  Act  to  confirm  a  Pro- 
visional Order  and  any  scheme  under  the  Municipal  Cor- 
porations Act,  1882,  as  amended  by  any  subsequent  Act) 
as  may  seem  to  them  necessary  to  make  those  provisions 
conform  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act;  and  any  order  so 
made  shall  operate  as  if  enacted  in  this  Act. 

As  respects  Scotland  the  Secretary  for  Scotland,  and 
as  respects  Ireland  the  Local  Government  Board  for 
Ireland,  shall  be  substituted  for  the  Local  Government 
Board  in  this  schedule. 

Special  Adaptation  of  Acts  for  Scotland. 

8.  The  Eepresentation  of  the  People  (Scotland)  Act, 
1832  (2  &  3  Will.  4,c.65)  :- 

Section  thirty-eight  shall  apply  as  if  this  Act  were 
mentioned  therein  as  well  as  the  Act  therein  men- 
tioned . 

The  Representation  of  the  People  (Scotland)  Act,  1868 
(31  &  32  Viet.  c.  48):- 

Section  twenty-three  shall  apply  as  if  appeals  from 
the  sheriff  court  under  this  Act  were  mentioned 
therein  instead  of  the  appeals  therein  mentioned . 


SPECIAL  ADAPTATION  OF  ACTS  FOR  SCOTLAND.  389 

The  Ballot  Act,  1872  (35  &  36  Viet.  c.  33):- 

In  Rule  60  (x)  of  Part  I.  of  the  First  Schedule,  a 
reference  to  Division  (4)  of  Part  I.  of  the  Ninth 
Schedule  to  this  Act  shall  be  substituted  for  the  refer- 
ence to  the  Schedules  in  that  Rule  mentioned. 

The  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883 
(46  &  47  Viet.  c.  51):- 

In  section  pixty-eight  in  the  definition  of 
"  revising  barrister/'  for  the  word  "  sheriff  "  shall  be 
substituted  the  words  "  registration  officer." 

The  Registration  Amendment  (Scotland)  Act,  1885  (48 
&49  Viet.  c.  16):- 

In  section  six,  for  the  words  "  dwelling-house 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1884,"  there  shall  be  substituted  the 
words,  "  house  or  part  of  a  house  occupied  as  a 
separate  dwelling:  Provided  that  no  such  en  try  shall 
render  liable  to  be  rated  in  respect  of  any  such  house 
or  part  of  a  house  any  person  who  occupies  the  same 
by  virtue  of  any  office,  service,  or  employment." 

The  Local  Government  (Scotland)  Act,  1889  (52  &  53 
Viet.  c.  50):- 

In  section  six,  the  words  "in  the  Representation 
of  the  People  Act,  1918,"  shall  be  substituted  for  the 
word  "  hereinafter." 

The  Elections  (Scotland)   (Corrupt  and  Illegal  Prac- 
tices) Act,  1890  (53  &  54  Viet.  o.  55):- 

In  section  twenty -nine  the  words  "registration 
officer  "  shall  be  substituted  for  "  revising  authority," 
and  at  the  end  of  subsection  (1)  of  the  said  section 
the  following  words  shall  be  added,  "and  shall  make 
out  a  list  (which  may  be  referred  to  as  the  corrupt 
and  illegal  practices  list)  containing  the  name  and 

(x)  Set  out  at  p.  692,  infra. 


390  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

description  of  every  person  whose  name  has  been  so 
omitted,  and  shall  state  in  that  list  the  offence  of 
which  each  such  person  has  been  convicted  or  found 
guilty." 

The  Town  Councils  (Scotland)  Act,  1900   (63  &  64 
Viet.  c.  49):- 

In  subsection  (1)  of  section  twenty-three  the  words 
"  registered  as  local  government  electors  for  the 
burgh  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  Act,  1918  "  shall  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  words  "  entitled  in  respect  of  premises 
within  the  municipal  boundary  to  vote  in  the  election 
of  a  member  of  Parliament." 

Special  Adaptation  of  Acts  for  Ireland, 

9.  The  Juries  Act    (Ireland),   1871    (34   &   35  Viet. 
o.  65):- 

In  sections  twelve  and  fourteen,  a  reference  to  the 
county  court  shall  b©  substituted  for  a  reference  to 
the  court  at  which  the  register  of  parliamentary  voters 
is  revised. 

The  Parliamentary  Registration  (Ireland)  Act,  1885 
(48  &  49  Viet.  c.  17):- 

In  section  sixteen  the  registration  officer  shall  be 
substituted  for  the  clerk  of  the  union;  "fifteenth  of 
July  "  shall  be  substituted  for  "  first  of  July  "  and 
the  word  "male"  shall  be  omitted. 


ENACTMENTS  REPEALED. 


891 


SEVENTH  SCHEDULE. 

RETURNING  OFFICERS  FOR  SCOTTISH  CONSTITUENCIES 
SITUATED  IN  *MORE  THAN  ONE  SHERIFFDOM  z . 


Section  43 

(13). 


Name  of  Parliamentary 
Borough  or  County. 


Montrose  District  of  Burghs. 


Ayr  and  Bute 


Name  of  Division. 


Bute  and  Northern   . 


Berwick  and  Haddington  . . 
Caithness  and  Sutherland  . . 


Inverness    and    Ross    and  |  Western  Isles 
Cromarty. 


Perth  and  Kinross 
Renfrew    . 


Kinross  and  Western. 
Eastern    . 


Returning  Officer 

Sheriff  of  Forfar. 
Sheriff  of  Ayr. 

Sheriff  of  the  Lothiaus 
and  Peebles. 

Sheriff     of     Caithness, 
Orkney,  and  Zetland. 

Sheriff    of    Ross,    Cro- 
marty, and  Sutherland. 

Sheriff  of  Perth. 

Sheriff  of  Renfrew  and 
Bute. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


8  Hen.  6,  c.  7. 


10    Hen.     6, 
c.  2. 


EIGHTH  SCHEDULE 
ENACTMENTS  REPEALED  (a) . 


Section  47. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


Electors  of  knights  of  the 
shires  shall  have  40a.  a 
year  freehold  and  be 
resident. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealfid. 


The    Statute    8    Hen.    6,  The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
c.  7,  as  to  freehold  quali- 
fication   of    electors  of 
knights   of  the    shires  ;  | 
such  freeholds  shall  be  j 
within  the  county. 

(z)  See  sect.  43  (13),  pp.  321—322,  supra. 
(a)  See  sect.  47,  p.  337,  supra. 


392 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 

Title  or  Short  Title. 

Extent  of  Repeal. 

7  &  8  Will.  3, 
c.  25. 

An  Act  for  the  further 
regulating  elections  of 
members  to  serve  in 
Parliament,  and  for  the 
preventing  irregular 
proceedings  of  sheriffs 
and  other  officers  in  the 
electing  and  returning 
such  members. 

Section  six. 

10  Anne, 
*  31. 

The  Elections  (Fraudulent 
Conveyances)  Act,  1711. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

13  Geo.  2, 
c.  20. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions (Fraudulent  Con- 
veyances) Act,  1739. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

18  Geo.  2, 
c.  18. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1744. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

19  Geo.  2, 
c.  28. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1745. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

3  Geo.  3, 
c.  15. 

The  Freemen  (Admission) 
Act,  1763. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

20  Geo.  3, 
c.  17. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1780. 

Dhe  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

25  Geo.  3, 
c.  84. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1785. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

33  Geo.  3, 
c.  64. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1793. 

The  whole  Act. 

53  Geo.  3, 
c.  49. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1813. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

4  Geo.  4, 
c.  36. 

The  Joint  Tenancy  (Ire- 
land) Act,  1833. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

4      Geo.      4, 
c.  55. 

The   Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions (Ireland)  Act,  1823. 

Sections  twenty-four,  twenty-six, 
twenty-seven,  and  twenty- 
eight. 

2  &  3  Will.  4 
c.  45. 

The  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1832. 

The  whole  Act  (except  sections 
sixty-six,  seventy,  and  seventy- 
six,  and  the  definition  of  "  re- 
turning officer  "  in  section 
seventy-nine)  ;  the  words  "  bar- 
rister, overseer,"  in  section 
seventy-six  wherever  they  occur. 

ENACTMENTS  REPEALED. 


393 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


2  &  3  Will.  4, 
c.  65. 


The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Scotland)  Act, 
1832. 


"2  &  3  Will.  4, 
c.  88. 


,5  &  6  Will.  4 
c.  36. 

5  &  6  Will.  4 

c   78. 


3    &    4   Viet 
c.  108. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Ireland)  Act, 
1832. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Act,  1835. 

The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Scotland)  Act, 
1835. 

The  Municipal  Corpora- 
tions (Ireland)  Act,  1840. 


5    &    6    Viet  The  University  of  Duhlin 
c.  74.  Registration  Act,  1842. 


7    Viet. 


c.  18. 


The  Parliamentary  Voters 
Registration  Act,  1843. 


11  &  12  Viet, 
c.  90. 


12  &  13  Viet, 
c.  85. 


13  &  14  Viet 
c.  57. 


13  &  14  Viet, 
c.  68. 


The  Parliamentary   Elec- 
tions Act,  1848. 


The    Dublin    Corporation 
Act,  1849. 


The  Vestries  Act,  1850 


The  Parliamentary  Elec. 
tions( Ireland)  Act,  1850. 


Sections  two  to  four,  six  to  thir- 
teen ;  section  twenty-seven ; 
section  twenty-eight;  section 
thirty-five;  section  thirty-six, 
so  far  as  relating  to  town  clerks 
or  deputy  town  clerks  being 
entitled  to  vote;  section  thirty  - 
seven;  section  forty;  section 
forty-two,  and  the  schedules  so 
far  as  unrepealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed except  sections  eleven 
and  twelve. 

Section  seven. 


Sections    three,    four,    nine,    ten, 
and  eleven. 


Sections  six  and  eight  to  ten. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act  so 
pealed. 


far  as  unre- 


The whole  Act  (except  sections 
eighty-one,  eighty-two,  eighty- 
five  to  ninety,  ninety  -three,  and 
ninety-seven,  and  the  definition 
of  "returning  officer  "  in  sec- 
tion one  hundred  and  one),  the 
word  "overseer  "  in  section 
ninety-seven. 


The  whole  Act. 


Sections    two,    three,    five, 
seven,  and  ten  to  twelve. 


six-. 


Section  seven  from  "to  give  the 
notices  for  claims  "to  for  re- 
vising them,  and,"  and  the 
words  "burgess  lists  and  the". 

Sections  six  to  nine  and  section 
nineteen. 


391 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACI,  1918. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


13  &  14  Viet, 


14  &  15  Viet, 
c.  14. 


The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Ireland)  Act, 
I860. 


The     Compound     House- 
holders Act,  1851. 


14  &  15  Viet.  The 
c.  57. 


16  &  17  Viet.  The       County      Elections 
c.  28.  (Scotland)  Act,  1853. 

16  &  17  Viet.  The  Dublin  Parliamentary 
c.  58.  Revising  Act,  1853. 

16  &  17  Viet.  The  Parliamentary   Elec- 
c.  68.  tions  Act,  1853. 


17  &  18  Viet. 
c.  91. 

19  &  20  Viet, 
c.  58. 


20  &  21  Viet. 
c.  68. 


24  &  25  Viet. 
c.  53. 

24  &  25  Viet 
c.  60. 


24  &  25  Viet 
c.  83. 


27  &  28  Viet 
c.  22. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


Civil     Bill     Courts 
(Ireland)  Act,  1851. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed  (except  sections  eighty- 
eight  to  ninety-seven  and  sec- 
tions one  hundred  and  three, 
one  hundred  and  eight,  and  one 
hundred  and  eighteen). 


The  whole  Act. 


Section  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
one. 

Sections  two,  three,  five,  six,  and 


The  Lands  Valuation 
(Scotland)  Act,  1854. 

The  Burgh  Voters  Regis- 
tration (Scotland)  Act, 
1856. 

The  Dublin  Revising  Bar- 
risters Act,  1857. 


The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Ireland)  Act, 
1861. 

The  County  Voters  Regis- 
tration (Scotland)  Act, 
1861. 

The  Regintration  of  County 
Voters  (Ireland)  Act, 
1864. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

In  section  one  the  words  "for  the 
Universities  of  Oxford  and 
Cambridge  and"  the  words  "  to 
the  Vice-Chancellora  of  the  said 
Universities  and"  and  the 
words  "Vice- Chancellors  and"; 
sections  four  and  five. 

Section  thirty-four. 


The  whole  Act  so   far  as  unre- 
pealed. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed  except  sections  two  and 
five. 


The  University  Elections  The  whole  Act  so   far  as  unre- 
Act,  1861.  pealed. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act  so   far  as   unre- 


The  whole  Act  so   far  as   unre- 
pealed. 


ENACTMENTS  REPEALED. 


395 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


28  &  29  Viet, 
c.  36. 

29  &  30  Viet, 
c.  54. 

30  &  31  Viet, 
o.  102. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  County  Voters  Regis- 
tration Act,  1865. 

["he    Revising    Barristers 
Act,  1866. 

The  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1867. 


31  &  32  Viet, 
c.  48. 


["he  Representation  of  the 
People  (Scotland)  Act, 
1868. 


31  &  32  Viet, 
c.  49. 


31  &  32  Viet 
c.  58. 


31  &  32  Viet 
c.  65. 

31  &  32  Viet 
c.  112. 

32  &  33  Viet 
c.  41. 


33  &  34  Viet 
c.  11. 


The  Representation  of  the 
People  (Ireland)  Act, 
1868. 


The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tors Registration  Act, 
1868. 


The  Universities  Elections 
Act,  1868. 


The  Registration  Amend- 
ment (Ireland)  Act,  1868. 


The  Poor  Rate  Assessment 
and  Collection  Act,  1869. 


The   Dublin   Collector 
Rates  Act,  1870. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  (except  sections 
one,  two,  seven,  thirty-seven, 
forty-nine  to  fifty-two,  fifty- 
seven,  fifty-nine,  and  sixty-one, 
and  Schedule  H.);  section 
fifty-nine  from  "and  in  con- 
struing" to  the  end  of  the 
section. 


Sections  three  to  six,  sections 
eight  to  fourteen,  sections  six- 
teen to  twenty,  sections  twenty- 
two,  twenty-four,  twenty-six, 
thirty-seven  to  forty-two, 
forty-five,  forty-seven  to  fifty, 
fifty-three,  fifty-five,  fifty-six, 
and  in  section  fifty-nine  the 
definition  of  ''premises,"  and 
Schedules  A.,  B.,  O.,  D.,  and 

Sections  three  to  seven,  fourteen, 
sixteen,  seventeen,  and  twenty- 
four. 

The  whole  Act  (except  sections 
one,  two,  three,  and  twenty- 
one). 

The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  un  re- 
pealed. 

Section  seven  so  far  as  it  relates 
to  franchise  and  any  disquali- 
fication which  depends  on  fran- 
chise; section  ten,  and  section 
nineteen  so  far  as  it  relates  to 
franchise  and  any  disqualifica- 
tion which  depends  on  fran- 
chise. 


of  The  whole  Act. 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918, 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


36  &  36  Viet. 


The  Ballot  Act,  1872 


36  &  37 
c.  2. 


Viet.  The      Polling       Districts 
(Ireland)  Act,  1873. 


36  &  37  Viet, 
c.  30. 

36  &  37  Viet. 

e.  70. 

37  &  38  Viet, 
c.  53. 

38  &  39  Viet. 

<•.  77. 


38  x  39  Viet, 
e.  84. 


39  &  40  Viet 
c.  61. 


40  &  41  Viet 
e.  57. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  Registration  of  Voters 
(Ireland)  Act,  1873. 

The    Revising     Barristers 
Act,  1873. 

The    Revising    Barristers 
Act,  1874. 

The    Supreme    Court    of 
Judicature  Act,  1875. 


The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions (Returning  Officers) 
Act,  1875. 


The  Divided  Parishes  and 
Poor  Law  Amendmen 
Act,  1876. 

The    Supreme    Court    of 
Judicature  Act  (Ireland), 

1877. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


Section  five;  section  eight  from 
"all  expenses"  to  "by  law 
payable,"  and  (except  as  re- 
spects Scotland  and  Ireland) 
from  "where  the  sheriff"  to 
the  end  of  the  section;  sub- 
section (5)  of  section  sixteen, 
sub-section  (4)  of  section 
seventeen,  sections  eighteen  and 
nineteen,  section  twenty-five 
from  "or  where"  to  "  is  proved 
on  such  trial  to  have  voted  at 
such  election"  and  from  "or  so 
retained"  to  end  of  the  section; 
section  thirty-three  from  "  and 
shall  continue  in  force"  to  the 
end  of  the  section;  rules  3  and 
58  in  the  First  Schedule. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  un  re- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

In  section  twenty-three,  the 
words  "or  the  distribution  of 
revising  barristers  among  the 
circuits,"  and  from  "and  the 
senior  judge"  to  "  boroughs 
therein." 

Sections  two  to  five,  and  section 
seven,  and  the  Schedules,  ex- 
cept so  far  as  those  sections 
and  schedules  apply  to  elections 
other  than  parliamentary  elec- 
tions. 

Section  fourteen. 


Sub-section  (2)  of  section  twenty- 
three  from  "including"  to  the 
end  of  the  sub-section. 


ENACTMENTS  REPEALED. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


41  &  42  Viet, 
c.  3. 


4 1  &  42  Viet. 
c.  5. 


41  &  42  Viet, 
c.  26. 


41  &  42  Viet. 
c.  41. 


41  &  42  Viet, 
c.  78. 

42  &  43  Viet, 
c.  10. 


42  &  43  Viet 
c.  71. 


43  &  44  Viet 
c.  6. 


44  &  45  Viet, 
c.  40. 


44  &  45  Viet 
c.  68. 

45  &  48  Viet 
c.  50. 


The  House  Occupiers  Dis- 
qualification Removal 
Act,  1878. 

The  House  Occupiers  Dis- 
qualification Removal 
(Scotland)  Act,  1878. 

The  Parliamentary  and 
Municipal  Registration 

Act,  1878. 


The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions Returning  Officers' 
Expenses  (Scotland)  Act, 
1878. 

The  Education  (Scotland) 
Act,  1878. 

The  Assessed  Rates  Act, 
1879. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  Registry  Courts  (Ire- 
land) Amendment  Act, 
1879. 

The  House  Occupiers  in 
Counties  Disqualifica- 
tion Removal  (Scotland) 
Act,  1880. 

The  Universities  Elections 
Amendment  (Scotland) 
Act,  1881. 

The  Supreme  Court  of 
Judicature  Act,  1881. 

The  Municipal  Corpora- 
tions Act,  1882. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed  (except  sections  one, 
two,  eleven,  twelve,  thirteen 
and  fourteen) . 

Section  three  and  the  Schedule. 


Section  twenty-four. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  it  relates 
to  franchise  and  any  disquali- 
fication which  depends  on 
franchise. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act. 


Section  fourteen  as  far  as  respects 
appeals  in  registration  matters. 

Section  nine;  in  sub-section  (2) 
of  section  eleven  the  words 
from  "or  (b)  Being  entitled" 
to  "to  be  made,"  and  the  words 
"In  either  of  those  cases";  sec- 
tions thirty-two  and  thirty- 
three;  sub-section  (3)  of  sec- 
tion forty-two;  section  forty- 
four;  paragraphs  (1)  to  (7)  of 
section  forty-five;  sections 
forty-six  to  forty -nine;  in  sub- 


398 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


45  &  46  Viet 
c.  60 — contd 


46  &  47  Viet, 
c.  51. 


47  &  48  Viet, 
c.  35. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  Corrupt  and  Illegal 
Practices  Prevention 
Act,  1883. 


The  County  of  Dublin 
Jurors'  and  Voters'  Re- 
vision Act,  1884. 


.Extent  of  Repeal. 


section  (2)  of  section  fifty-one 
the  words  "or  vote  in  more 
than  one  ward  " ;  sections  sixty- 
three,  seventy-one,  and  seventy- 
six,  sub -sections  (1)  and  (3)  of 
section  two  hundred  and  nine, 
section  two  hundred  and  forty- 
four,  Part  I.  of  the  Third 
Schedule,  in  rule  four  of  Part 
II.  of  the  Third  Schedule,  the 
words  "or  entered  in  the  sepa- 
rate non-resident  list  required 
by  this  Act  to  be  made,"  Part 
IV.  of  the  Third  Schedule,  rule 
one  of  Part  II.  of  the  Fifth 
Schedule  so  far  as  respects  ex- 
penses incurred  in  relation  to 
the  enrolment  of  burgesses,  and 
Forms  C  to  G  in  Part  II.  of 
the  Eight  Schedule. 


Sub-section  (2)  of  section  thirty, 
two ;  paragraph  (c)  of  sub- 
section (1)  of  section  thirty- 
three;  sub-section  (1)  of  sec- 
tion thirty-five  from  "and  may 
charge  "  to  the  end  of  the  sub- 
section; sub -section  (3)  of 
section  thirty-nine ;  section 
forty-seven;  the  definitions  of 
"  registration  officer  "  in  sec- 
tions sixty-four  and  sixty- 
eight  ;  sub -section  (12)  of 
section  sixty-eight;  sub-section 
(4)  of  section  sixty-nine  from 
"in  the  manner"  to  the  end  of 
the  sub-section;  sub-section (9) 
of  section  sixty-nine;  para- 
graph (7)  of  Part  I.  of  the 
First  Schedule;  paragraph  (1) 
of  Part  II.  of  the  First  Sche- 
dule; in  the  "Form  of  Return 
of  Election  Expenses"  in  Part 
I.  of  the  Second  Schedule  the 
first  paragraph  under  the  head- 
ing "Expenditure." 


Section  two,  so  far  as  respects 
the  appointment  of  revising 
barristers  and  the  registration 
of  voters. 


ENACTMENTS  REPEALED. 


499 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


47  &  48  Viet. 
c.  70. 


48  &  49  Viet. 
c.  3. 

48  &  49  Viet, 
c.  9. 

48  &  49  Viet, 
c.  15. 


48  &  49  Viet. 
c.  16. 


48  &  49  Viet. 
c.  17. 


48  &  49  Viet, 
c.  23. 


The  Municipal  Elections 
(Corrupt  and  Illegal 
Practices)  Act,  1884. 

The  Representation  of  the 
People  Act,  1884. 

The  Municipal  Voters 
Relief  Act,  1885. 

The  Registration  Act,  1885. 


48  &  49  Viet, 
c.  46. 


48  &  49  Viet, 
c.  62. 


49  &  50  Viet, 
c.  42.  « 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The  Registration  Amend- 
ment (Scotland)  Act, 
1885. 


The  Parliamentary  Regis- 
tration (Ireland)  Act, 
1885. 


The  Redistribution  of  Seats 
Act,  1885. 


The  Medical  Relief  Dis- 
qualification Removal 
Act,  1885. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions (Returning  Offi- 
cers) Act,  1885. 


The    Revising    Barristers 
Act,  1886. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


Sub-section   (3)  of  section  thir- 
teen. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed  (except  sections  sixteen, 
nineteen,  and  twenty) ;  the  de- 
finitions of  "ownership  voter," 
"fifty  pounds  rental  voter," 
and  "occupation  voter"  in  sec- 
tion nineteen. 

Section  three,  except  so  far  as  it 
relates  to  the  valuation  roll, 
sections  four  and  five,  sections 
seven  to  ten,  thirteen  to  fifteen, 
and  section  seventeen. 

Sections  two  to  six,  eight,  nine, 
thirteen,  fifteen,  seventeen  to 
thirty,  and  the  Second  Sche- 
dule. 


As  respects  England  and  Scotland 
the  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed,  and  as  respects  Ireland, 
sub-sections  (3)  and  (4)  of 
section  eight,  sections  ten  to 
twelve,  sub-sections  (3),  (4), 
and  (5)  of  section  thirteen, 
sections  fourteen,  fifteen,  eigh- 
teen, and  twenty,  and  in  section 
twenty-six  the  words  from 
"with  the  following"  to  the 
end  of  the  section. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed,  except  BO  far  as  it 
applies  to  elections  other  than 
parliamentary  elections. 

The  whole  Act. 


400 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


49  &  50  Viet, 
c.  43. 

49  &  50  Viet, 
c.  57. 


^9  &  50  Viet, 
c.  58. 

50  &  51  Viet. 

c.  55. 


51  &  52  Viet, 
c.  10. 


51  &  52  Viet, 
c.  41. 


The  Revising-  Barristers 
(Ireland)  Act,  1886. 

The  Parliamentary  Elec- 
tions (Returning  Offi- 
cers) Act  (1875)  Amend- 
ment Act,  1886. 

The  Returning  Officers 
(Scotland)  Act,  1886. 

The  Sheriffs  Act,  1887. 


The  County  Electors  Act. 
1888. 


The     Local    Government 
Act,  1888. 


52  &  53  Viet, 
c.  50. 


53  &  54  Viet, 
c.  55. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


The     Local    Government 

(Scotland)  Act,  1889. 


The  Elections  (Scotland) 
(Corrupt  and  Illegal 
Practices)  Act,  1890. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed,  except  so  far  as  it 
applies  to  elections  other  than 
parliamentary  elections. 

The  whole  Act. 


Sub-section  (2)  of  section  eigh- 
teen, so  far  as  respects  sheriffs' 
courts  required  for  the  purpose 
of  elections. 

The  whole  Act  so  far  as  unre- 
pealed. 


Paragraph  (b)  of  sub-section  (2) 
of  section  two  from  "or  is  re- 
gistered" to  the  end  of  the 
paragraph;  paragraph  (xii)  of 
section  three;  sub-section  (6) 
of  section  thirty-four;  proviso 
twelve  in  section  seventy-five; 
sections  seventy -six  and. 
seventy-seven ;  in  paragraph 
(6),  of  section  eighty-three  the 
words  "registration  of  parlia- 
mentary voters  or  to  the,"  the 
words  "or  to  any  registration 
matters,"  and  the  word  "regis- 
tration" where  it  lastly  occurs; 
in  sub-section  (2)  of  section 
ninety-two  the  word  "occupa- 
tion" and  the  words  "of  mak- 
ing out  and  revising  the  lists 
of  voters,  of  conducting  any 
parliamentary  election";  sub- 
section (3)  of  section  ninety- 
two. 

S.ub-section  (4)  of  section  eight, 
and  sections  twenty-eight  and 
twenty-nine. 

In  section  one  the  definition  of 
"revising  authority";  sub- 
section (3)  of  section  seven- 
teen; sub-sections  (7)  and  (8) 
of  section  twenty-nine. 


ENACTMENTS    REPEALED. 


401 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


53  &  54  Viet, 
c.  58. 


54  &  55  Viet, 
c.  11. 

54  &  55  Viet, 
c.  18. 

54  &  55  Viet, 
c.  49. 

54  &  55  Viet, 
c.  68. 

56  &  57  Viet. 
c.  73. 

57  &  58  Viet, 
c.  58. 


The  Parliamentary  Regis 
tration  Expenses  (Ire- 
land) Act,  1890. 

The  Electoral  Disabilities 
Removal  Act,  1891. 

The  Registration  of  Elec- 
tors Act,  1891. 

The     Returning    Officers 
(Scotland)  Act,  1891. 

The  County  Councils  (Elec- 
tions) Act,  1891. 

The     Local     Government 
Act,  1894. 

The     Local    Government 
(Scotland)  Act,  1894. 


59  &  60  Viet. 
c.  17. 

61  &  62  Viet. 
c.  2. 

61  &  62  Viet. 
c.  37. 


62  &  63  Viet. 
c.  14. 


63  &  64  Viet, 
c.  29. 

63  &  64  Viet 
c.  49. 


3    Edw. 
c.  34. 


7, 


The   Glasgow  Parliamen- 
tary Divisions  Act,  1896. 

The  Registration  (Ireland) 
Act,  1898. 

The     Local    Government 
(Ireland)  Act,  1898. 


The  London  Government 
Act,  1899. 


The  London  County  Coun- 
cil Electors  Qualification 
Act,  1900. 

The  Town  Councils  (Scot- 
land) Act,  1900. 


The  Town  Councils  (Scot- 
land) Act,  1903. 


The  whole  Act  so  far  as   unre- 
pealed. 

The  whole  Act. 
Phe  whole  Act. 

;  j 

Section  three  and  the  Schedule. 
Section  two. 


Sections  forty-three  and  forty- 
four. 

Sub -section  (1)  of  section  ten 
from  "provided  that"  to  the 
end  of  the  sub-section;  sections 
eleven  and  twelve. 

The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act. 


Section  ninety-eight  except  sub- 
section (8);  section  one  hun- 
dred and  nine  from  "The  ex- 
pression '  revising-  barrister  ' ' 
to  "1885." 

Sub-section  (4)  of  section  three; 
sub-section  (1)  of  section  four 
from  "  and  shall  be "  to  "  elec- 
tors"; and  sub-section  (2)  of 
section  twenty-seven. 

The  whole  Act. 


Section  twenty-three  from  the 
words  "all  persons  who  would 
have  been  entitled"  to  the  end 
of  the  section;  and  sections 
twenty-four  to  thirty -two. 

Sections  two  and  four. 


F. 


402 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


8    Edw.      7, 
c.  14. 


8    Edw.      7, 
c.  21. 

8    Edw.     7, 
c.  35. 


8    Edw.      7, 
c.  48. 

1  &  2  Geo.  6, 
c.  53. 


4  &  5  Geo.  5, 
c.  25. 


The  Polling  Arrangements  The  whole  Act. 
(Parliamentary        Bor-  \ 
oughs)  Act,  1908. 


Title  or  Short  Title. 


Extent  of  Repeal. 


The  Registration  Act,  1908 


The  Polling  Districts  and 
Registration  of  Voters 
(Ireland)  Act,  1908. 

The  Post  Office  Act,  1908. 


The  House  Letting  and 
Rating  (Scotland)  Act, 
1911. 


The  Electoral  Disabilities 
(Naval  and  Military 
Service)  Removal  Act, 
1914. 


The  whole  Act. 


The  whole  Act. 


Section  eighty. 


Section  seven,  proviso  (3)  from 
the  words  "Provided  that  for 
the  purposes  of  any  qualifica- 
tion or  franchise "  to  end  of 
that  proviso;  and  section  eight. 

The  whole  Act. 


REDISTRIBUTION.  403 


NINTH  SCHEDULE.  Sections 

20  (2),  37. 

REDISTRIBUTION  OF  SEATS  (a). 

1.  The  names,  contents,  and  boundaries  of  each  par- 
liamentary borough  and  county  and  division  thereof  shall 
be  as  specified  in  this  schedule . 

2 .  The  areas  mentioned  in  the  second  and  last  columns  (6) 
of  this  schedule  shall  be  taken  to  be  those  areas  as  const!-* 
tuted  on  the  first  day  of  October  nineteen  hundred  and 
seventeen:  Provided  that  any  misnomer  or  inaccurate  de- 
scription of  any  of  those  areas  in  those  columns  shall  not  in 
any  way  prevent  or  abridge  the  operation  of  this  Act  with 
respect  to  the  subject  of  the  description  if  it  is  so  desig- 
nated as  to  be  commonly  understood. 

3.  The  wards  mentioned  in  this  schedule  are,  in  rela- 
tion to  any  borough  in  London,  wards  of  the  metropolitan 
borough;  in  relation  to  any  municipal  borough,  wards  of 
the  municipal  borough;    and,  in  relation  to  any  urban 
district,  wards  of  the  urban  district. 

4.  The  expression  "burgh,"  when  used  in  this  schedule, 
means  a  burgh  as  bounded  for  police  purposes  on  the  first 
day  of  October  nineteen  hundred  and  seventeen. 

5.  If  any  doubt  arises  as  to  the  constituency  in  which 
any  parish,  townland,  ward,  or  other  place,  whether  larger 
or  smaller  than  a  parish,  townland,  or  ward,  is  intended  by 
this  schedule  to  be  included,  that  doubt  shall  be  determined 
by  the  Local  Government  Board,  or  in  Scotland  by  the 
Secretary  for  Scotland. 

(a)  See  sect.  37,  pp.  282  —283,  supra. 
(6)  See  note  on  next  page. 


26  (2) 


404     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


[NOTE. — To  save  space,  this  Schedule  is  arranged  as  appears  hereunder,.  instead 
of  in  columns  as  in  the  Act.  The  matter  appearing  under  the  heading  Name  of 
Parliamentary  Borough  represents  the  first  column,  under  the  heading  Contents  of 
Parliamentary  Borough  the  second  column,  under  the  heading  Total  number  of 
Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough  the  third  column,  under  the  heading  Names  of 
Divisions  of  Parliamentary  Borough  the  fourth  column,  and  under  the  heading 
Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions  the  fifth  or  last  column.] 


PART   I. 

PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS. 

(1)  LONDON. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BATTERSEA. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Boroitgh. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Battersea. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Church,  Latchmere,  Nine  Elms  and  Park  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Bolingbroke,  Broomwood,  St.  John,  Shaftesbury 
and  Winstanley  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BERMONDSEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Bermondsey. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  405 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

KOTHERHITHE. 

St.  John,  St.  Olave  and  St.  Thomas  Wards,  Wards 
numbers   five   and   six,   Bermondsey,   and    Wards 
numbers  one,  two  and  three,  Rotherhithe. 
WEST  BERMONDSEY. 

Wards   numbers   one,  two,    three  and   four,  Ber- 
mondsey. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BETHNAL  GREEN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Bethnal  Green. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH  EAST. 

North  and  East  Wards. 
SOUTH  WEST. 

South  and  West  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CAMBERWELL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Camberwell. 

Total  Wumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

DULWICH. 

Alleyn,  College,  Hamlet,  Ruskin  and  St.  John's 
Wards. 


406      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON — continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH.  ; 

Coburg,   Marlborough,   North   Peckham  and   St. 
George's  Wards. 

NORTH  WEST. 

Addington,  Lyndhurst,  St.  Giles,  Town  Hall  and 
West  Wards. 

PECKHAM. 

Clifton,  Goldsmith,  Nunhead,  The  Eye,  Rye  Lane 
and  St.  Mary's  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CHELSEA. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 
Metropolitan  borough  of  Chelsea . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Sorough. 

One. 

Thames  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CITY  OF  LONDON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

City  of  London. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  407 

(1)  LONDON — continued.      % 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DEPTFOKD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Deptford. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

FINSBURY, 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Finsbury. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

FULHAM. 

Contents  o-f  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Fulham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Baron's  Court,   Lillie,   Sands  End  and   Walhani 
Wards . 
WEST. 

Hurlingham,     Margravine,    Munster    and    Town 
Wards. 


408  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  l9l8. 

t       (1)  LONDON — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GREENWICH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Greenwich. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HACKNEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Hackney. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Downs,  Hackney  and  Kingsland  Wards,  and  the 
part  of  West  Hackney  Ward  which  lies  to  the  south 
and  east  of  a  line  drawn  along  the  middle  of 
Shackle  well  Lane. 

NORTH. 

Stamford  Hill  Ward,  the  part  of  Clapton  Park 
Ward  which  lies  to  the  north  of  a  line  drawn  along 
the  middle  of  Glenarm  Eoad  to  its  junction  with 
Glyn  Road,  thence  along  the  middle  of  Glyn  .Road 
to  its  junction  with  Redwald  Road,  thence  along 
the  middle  of  Redwald  Road  to  its  junction  with 
Maclaren  Street,  thence  straight  to  the  middle  of 
the  nearest  gate  of  the  recreation  grounds  adjoin- 
ing the  premises  in  Daubeney  Road,  thence  straight 
to  the  borough  boundary  at  a  point  fifty  feet  north 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  409 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

of  a  boundary  post  situate  at  the  junction  of  the 
Waterworks  River  with  the  River  Lea  at    Lead 
Mill  Point,  and  the  part  of  West  Hackney  Ward 
which  is  not  included  in  the  Central  Division. 
SOUTH. 

Homerton  and  South  Hackney  Wards,  and  the  part 
of  Clapton  Park  Ward  which  is  not  included  in    . 
the  North  Division . 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough, 

HAMMERSMITH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Hammersmith. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Numbers  four,  five,  six  and  seven  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Numbers  one,  two  and  three  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HAMPSTEAD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Hampstead. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


410  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HOLBORN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough, 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Holborn. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ISLINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Islington. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  ^Borough. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Canonbury,  Highbury  and  Mildmay  Wards. 
NORTH. 

Tollington,  Tufnell  and  Upper  Hollo  way  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Barnsbury,  St.  Mary  and  St.  Peter  Wards. 
WEST. 

Lower  Holloway  and  Thornhill  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

KENSINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Kensington. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  411 

(1 )  LONDON— continued . 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions, 

NORTH. 

Golborne,    Norland,   Pembridge   and  St.    Charles 

Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Brompton,  Earl's  Court,  Holland,  Queen's    Gate 

and  Redcliffe  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LAMBETH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Lambeth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough, 
Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BRIXTON. 

Stockwell  Ward,  the  part  of  Brixton  Ward  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Kennington  Division,  the 
part  of  Herne  Hill  Ward  which  lies  to  the  north 
of  a  line  running  from  Coldharbour  Lane  along  the 
north  side  of  the  London,  Brighton  and  South 
Coast  Eailway  to  Denmark  Hill,  and  the  part  of 
Tulse  Hill  Ward  which  lies  to  the  north  and  west 
of  a  line  running  along  the  middle  of  Brixton  Hill 
from  Mill  Lane  to  Water  Lane,  along  the  middle 
of  Water  Lane  to  Effra  Eoad,  and  along  the  middle 
of  Effra  Road  to  Coldharbour  Lane. 

KENNINGTON. 

Vauxhall  Ward,  the  part  of  Brixton  Ward  which 
lies  to  the  north  of  a  line  running  from  Clapham 
Road  along  the  middle  of  Stockwell  Park  Road, 
Grove  Road,  Brixton  Road,  Mostyn  Road,  Aker- 


412      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON — continued. 

man  Road  and  Lothian  Road  and  across  Camber- 
well  New  Road  to  Wyndham  Road,  and  the  part  of 
Prince's  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the  North 
Division . 

NORTH. 

Bishop's  and  Marsh  Wards,  and  the  part  of  Prince's 
Ward  which  lies  to  the  north  of  a  line  running  from 
Vauxhall  Bridge  along  the  middle  of  Upper  Ken- 
nington  Lane  and  Lower  Kennington  Lane  to 
Newington  Butts. 

NORWOOD. 

Norwood  Ward,  and  the  part  of  each  of  the  Herne 
Hill  and  Tulse  Hill  Wards  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Brixton  Division. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEWISHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Lewisham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Blackheath,  Church,  Lewisham  Park,  Manor  and 
South  Wards,  and  the  part  of  each  of  the  Catford 
and  the  Lewisham  Village  Wards  which  lies  to  the 
east  of  the  centre  of  the  Mid-Kent  Branch  of  the 
South-Eastern  and  Chatham  Railway. 

WEST. 

Brockley,  Forest  Hill  and  Sydenham  Wards,  and 
the  part  of  each  of  the  Catford  and  the  Lewisham 
Village  Wards  which  is  not  included  in  the  East 
Division. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS. 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

PADDINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Paddington. 

Total  mimber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 


413 


Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough. 


Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


NORTH. 


SOUTH. 


Harrow  Eoad,  Queen's  Park  and  Maida  Vale 
Wards,  and  the  part  of  Church  Ward  which  lies 
to  the  north  and  east  of  a  line  commencing  on  the 
ward  boundary  at  the  south  side  of  the  Weigh 
Bridge  at  the  eastern  end  of  Westbourne  Terrace 
Eoad,  and  proceeding  thence  to  and  along  the 
southern  side  of  the  Grand  Junction  Canal  to  the 
Harrow  Eoad  Bridge,  thence  along  the  middle  of 
Harrow  Eoad  to  the  borough  boundary  in  Edg- 
ware  Eoad. 

Hyde  Park,  Lancaster  Gate  East,  Lancaster  Gate 
West  and  Westbourne  Wards,  and  the  part  of 
Church  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the  North 
Division . 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

POPLAE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Poplar. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 


414      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

Bow  AND  BROMLEY. 

Bow  Central,  Bow  North,  Bow  South,  Bow  West, 
Bromley  North  East,  Bromley  North  West  and 
Bromley  South  West  Wards. 

SOUTH  POPLAR. 

Bromley  Central,  Bromley  South  East,  Poplar 
Cubitt  Town,  Poplar  East,  Poplar  Millwall,  Pop- 
lar North  West  and  Poplar  West  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ST.  MARYLEBONE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  St.  Marylebone. 

Total  number  of  Members- for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ST.   PANCRAS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  St.  Pancras. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Wards  numbers  one  and  two,  and  the  part  of  Ward 
number  three  which  lies  to  the  north  and  west  of 
a  line  running  along  the  middle  of  Camden  Road 
from  a  point  where  that  road  is  intersected  by  the 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  415 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

eastern  boundary  of  the  metropolitan  borough  to 
the  point  where  that  road  crosses  the  Regent's  Canal 
and  thence  westward  along  the  middle  of  that  canal 
to  the  western  boundary  of  Ward  number  three. 

SOUTH  EAST. 

Wards  numbers  six  and  eight,  and  the  part  of  Ward 
number  three  which  is  not  included  in  the  North 
Division , 

SOUTH  WEST. 

Wards  numbers  four,  five  and  seven. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SHOEEDITCH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Shoreditch. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SOUTH  WARE . 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  South wark. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

St.  Mary's,  St.  Paul's  and  Trinity  Wards,  and  the 
part  of  the  St.  George's  Ward  which  is  not  included 
in  the  North  and  South  East  Divisions. 


416     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

NORTH. 

Christchurch,  St.  Jude's,  St.  Michael's  and  St. 
Saviour  Wards,  and  the  part  of  the  St.  George's 
Ward  which  lies  to  the  north  of  a  line  drawn  from 
Tabard  Street  along^the  middle  of  Wickham  Place 
and  of  the  covered  stream  which  passes  between 
the  eastern  end  of  Wickham  Place  and  the  borough 
boundary  in  Staple  Street. 

SOUTH  EAST. 

St.  John's  and  St.  Peter's  Wards,  and  the  part  of 
St.  George's  Ward  which  lies  to  the  south  of  a 
line  drawn  along  the  middle  of  New  Kent  Road 
and  Tower  Bridge  Road. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

STEPNEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Stepney. 
Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

LlMEHOUSE. 

Limehouse  North,  Limehouse  South,  Mile  End 
Old  Town  North  East,  Mile  End  Old  Town  South 
East  and  Ratcliffe  Wards. 

MILE  END. 

Mile  End  Old  Town  Centre,  Mile  End  Old  Town 
North,  Mile  End  Old  Town  South,  Mile  End  Old 
Town  West  and  Whitechapel  East  Wards. 

WHITECHAPEL  AND  ST.  GEORGE'S. 

Mile  End  New  Town,  St.  George-in-the-East 
North,  St.  George-in-the-East  South,  Shadwell, 
Spitalfields  East,  Spitalfields  West,  Whitechapel 
Middle,  Whitechapel  South  and  Tower  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  417 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

STOKE  NEWINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Stoke  JSTewington. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  >of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WANDS  WORTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Wandsworth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Five. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BALHAM  AND  TOOTING. 

Tooting  Ward  and  the  part  of  Balham  Ward  which 
in  not  included  in  the  Clapham  Division. 

CENTRAL. 

Fairfield  and  Springfield  Wards. 

CLAPHAM. 

Clapham  North  and  Clapham  South  Wards,  and 
the  part  of  Balham  Ward  which  lies  to  the  east 
and  north  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  point  where  the 
northern  boundary  of  that  ward  crosses  Balham 
Hill,  along  the  middle  of  Balham  Hill  and  Balham 
High  Eoad  to  a  point  in  that  road  opposite  the 
middle  of  Ormeley  Road,  thence  along  the  middle 
of  Ormeley  Road  to  a  point  opposite  the  middle  of 
,that  road  in  Cavendish  Road,  and  thence  in  a 
F.  27 


418      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  LONDON— continued. 

southerly  direction  along  the  middle  of  Cavendish 
Eoad  to  the  middle  of  Emmanuel  Road,  thence 
along  the  middle  of  Emmanuel  Road  to  the  ward 
boundary  near  the  western  end  of  the  last-named 
road. 

PUTNEY. 

Putney  and  Southfields  Wards. 

STREATHAM. 

The  Streatham  Ward. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WESTMINSTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Westminster. 

Total  member  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ABBEY. 

Covent  Garden,  Great  Maiiborough,  Pall  Mall, 
Regent,  St.  Anne,  St.  John,  St.  Margaret,  Strand, 
and  Charing  Cross  Wards,  except  the  part  of 
Charing  Cross  Ward  which  is  included  in  the  St. 
George's  Division. 

ST.  GEORGE'S. 

Conduit,  Grosvenor,  Hamlet  of  Knightsbridge, 
Knightsbridge  St.  George's  and  Victoria  Wards, 
and  the  part  of  Charing  Cross  Ward  which  lies  to 
the  south  and  west  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  ward 
boundary  at  the  centre  of  Wellington  Arch,  along 
the  middle  of  Constitution  Hill,  thence  along  the 
middle  of  the  road  to  the  north  and  east  of  the 
Queen  Victoria  Memorial,  thence  along  the  middle 
of  Spur  Road  to  the  boundary  of  St.  Margaret 
Ward. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  419 


(1) 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WOOLWICH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Metropolitan  borough  of  Woolwich  . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Barrage,  Central,  Glyndon,  St.  Margaret's  and  St. 

Nicholas  Wards. 
WEST. 

Dockyard,  Eltham,  Herbert,  River,  St.  George's 

and  St.  Mary's  Wards. 


(2)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  LONDON  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ACCRINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Accrington  and  urban  districts  of  Church, 
Clayton -le-Moors,  Oswaldtwistle  and    Rishton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Ashton-under-Lyne  and  urban  district  of 

Hurst. 
27(2) 


420  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— con  td 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BARNSLEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Barnsley  and  urban  districts  of  Ardsley, 
Darton  and  Monk  Bretton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One, 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BARROW-IN-FURNESS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Barrow-in-Furness. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BATH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Bath. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  421 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BATLEY  AND  MORLEY, 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

'  Municipal  boroughs  of  Batley,  Morley  and  Ossett. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BIRKENHEAD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Birkenhead. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Argyle,  Bebington,  Clifton,  Egerton  and  Mersey 
Wards,  together  with  the  part  of  the  borough  which 
lies  between  the  eastern  boundary  of  Argyle,  Mersey 
and  Bebington  Wards  and  the  centre  of  the  bed  of 
the  River  Mersey. 

WEST. 

Claughton,  Cleveland,  Grange  and  Oxton  Wards. 


422  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BIRMINGHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Birmingham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Twelve. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  "Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ASTON  . 

Aston  Ward  and  Lozells  Ward  (except  those,  parts 
which  lie  between  the  southern  and  south-eastern 
boundaries  thereof  and  the  line  next  hereinafter  de- 
scribed) and  the  part  of  each  of  the  All  Saints  and 
St.  Mary's  Wards  which  lies  to  the  north  of  the  said 
line. 

The  line  above  referred  to  commences  at  the  south- 
west corner  of  Lozells  Ward  in  the  middle  of 
Hunter's  Road,  continues  south  along  the  middle  of 
that  road,  the  middle  of  Farm  Street,  Burbury 
Street,  Gordon  Street,  Berners  Street,  Clifford 
Street,  Guilclford  Street,  Paddington  Street,  Por- 
chester  Street,  Summer  Lane,  Asylum  Road,  High 
Street,  Phillips  Street,  Aston  Road  North,  White- 
house  Street,  Chester  Street  and  Avenue  Road  to 
the  middle  of  the  Birmingham  and  Fazeley  Canal, 
thence  in  a  north-easterly  direction  along  the  middle 
of  the  Canal  to  the  point  where  the  middle  of  the 
Canal  intersects  the  boundary  of  Aston  Ward. 

DERITEND. 

St.  Bartholomew's  and  St.  Martin's  and  Deritend 
Wards. 

DUDDESTON. 

Duddeston  and  Neehells  Ward,  St.  Mary's  Ward 
(except  the  part  thereof  included  in  the  Aston  Divi- 
sion), and  so  much  of  the  portion  of  Aston  Ward 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE—COW^. 
which  is  not  included  in  the  Aston  Division  as  lies 
to  the  west  of  the  London  and  North  Western  Rail- 
way. 

EDGE  ASTON. 

Edgbaston,  Harborne  and  Market  Hall  Wards. 

ERDIXGTON. 

Erdington  North,  Erdington  South  and  Washwood 
Heath  Wards,  and  the  part  of  Aston  Ward  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Aston  and  the  Duddeston 
Divisions. 

HANDSWORTH. 

Handsworth,  Sandwell  and  Soho  Wards. 

KING'S  NORTON. 

Northfield  and  Selly  Oak  Wards  and  the  part  of 
King's  Norton  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Moseley  Division. 

LADYWOOD. 

Ladywood  and  Rotton  Park  Wards. 

MOSELEY. 

(a)  Acocks  Green  and  Sparkhill  Wards; 

(b)  The  parts  of  Balsall  Heath    and  Sparkbrook 
Wards  which  are  not  included  in  the    Sparkbrook 
Division; 

(c)  Moseley  and  King's  Heath  Ward    (except  the 
part  thereof  included  in  the  Sparkbrook  Division); 
and 

(d)  The  part  of  King's  Norton  Ward  which  lies 
to  the  north  of  Bells  Lane  and  to  the  east  and 
south-east  of  the  middle  of  Monyhull  Hall   Road 
and  Brandwood  Road. 

SPARKBROOK. 

(a)  Balsall  Heath  and  Sparkbrook  Wards  (except 
the  parts  thereof  which  lie  to  the  south  and  east  of 
the  line  hereinafter  described);  and 

(b)  The  part  of  Moseley  and  King's  Heath  Ward 
which  lies  to  the  north  of  the  last-mentioned  line. 


424  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 
The  line  referred  to  in  paragraphs  (a)  and  (b)  above 
is  a  line  commencing  at  the  point  where  the  boun- 
dary between  Balsall  Heath,  and  Moseley  and 
Bong's  Hetath  Wardss  intersects  the  middle  of  Mose- 
ley Road,  thence  proceeding  along  the  middle  of 
that  road  to  Brighton  Road,  along  the  middle  of 
Brighton  Road,  Kingswood  Road,  Newport  Road, 
Church  Road,  Woodstock  Road,  and  Anderton  Park 
Road  to  Stoney  Lane,  thence  along  the  middle  of 
Stoney  Lane  to  the  middle  of  Stratford  Road,  thence 
along  the  middle  of  that  road,  the  middle  of  Wai- 
ford  Road  and  Golden  Hillock  Road  to  the  middle 
of  the  Birmingham  and  Warwick  Canal,  thence 
southerly  along  the  middle  of  that  canal  to  the 
middle  of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  thence  along 
the  middle  of  that  railway  to  its  intersection  with 
the  southern  boundary  of  Sparkbrook  Ward. 

WEST  BIRMINGHAM. 

St.  Paul's  Ward,  All  Saints  Ward  (except  the  part 
thereof  included  in  the  Aston  Division)  and  the  part 
of  Lozells  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the  Aston 
Division. 

YARDLEY. 

Saltley,  Small  Heath  and  Yardley  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BLACKBURN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Blackburn. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  425 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BLACKPOOL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Blackpool,  urban  districts  of  Bispham  with 
Norbreck,  Lytham  and  St.  Anne's-on-the-Sea,  and  the  part 
of  the  civil  parish  of  Carleton  which  in  pursuance  of  the 
Blackpool  Improvement  Act,  1917,  becomes  part  of  the 
county  borough  of  Blackpool  on  1st  April,  1918. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BOLTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Bolton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BOOTLE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Bootle. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


426  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BOURNEMOUTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Bournemouth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BRADFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  c-f  Bradford . 

'Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borotigh. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

East,  Exchange,  Manningham,  North,  South  and 

West  Wards. ' 
EAST. 

Bradford  Moor,    East    Bowling,   Tong  and   West 

Bowling  Wards. 
NORTH. 

Allerton,    Bolton,    Eccloshill,    Heaton,    Idle    and 

Thornton  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Great  Horton,  Lister  Hills,  Little  Horton,   North 

Bierley  East  and  North  Bierley  West  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  427 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BRIGHTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Brighton  and  municipal  borough  of    Hove. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BRISTOL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  BorougJt. 

County  borough  of  Bristol. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Five. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Central  East,  Central  West,  Eedcliff,  St.  Augus- 
tine, St.  James,  St.  Paul,  and  St.  Philip  and  Jacob 
South  Wards. 

EAST;. 

St.  George  East  and  St.  George  West  Wards;  the 
part  of  Easton  Ward  which  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  a  line  commencing  at  the,  junction  of 
Stapleton  Road  with  the  road  leading  to  the  Staple- 
ton  Road  Railway  Station  and  proceeding  along  the 
middle  of  the  last-mentioned  road  to  the  backs  of 
the  houses  in  Berwick  Road  and  Henrietta  Street, 
thence  along  the  said  backs  of  houses  to  St.  Mark's 
Avenue,  along  the  middle  of  St.  Mark's  Avenue 
and  Bellevue  Road  to  the  southern  end  thereof, 
thence  in  a  straight  line  to  the  middle  of  King 
Street,  along  the  middle  of  King  Street  and  Chel- 


428 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


(2)  ENGLANB,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 
sea  Park  to  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  ward;  and 
the  part  of  Somerset  Ward  which  is  bounded  on 
the  west  by  a  line  commencing  in  the  Biver  Avon 
at  the  north-west  corner  of  the  Castle  Rope  Works 
and  proceeding  along  the  western  boundary  of  those 
works  and  the  eastern  boundary  of  Redcliff  Ceme- 
tery to  Bath  Road,  thence  along  the  middle  of  Bath 
Road  to  the  north-east  corner  of  the  Roman  Catho- 
lic Cemetery,  thence  along  the  eastern  and  southern 
boundaries  of  that  cemetery,  thence  in  a  southerly 
direction  along  the  western  boundary  of  the  en- 
closure which  adjoins  the  east  side  of  Arno's  Vale 
Cemetery,  thence  in  an  easterly  direction  along  the 
southern  boundary  of  the  last-mentioned  enclosure 
for  a  distance  of  200  feet,  thence  in  a  south-easterly 
direction  in  a  straight  line  to  the  junction  of  Ken- 
sington Park  Road  and  Lodway  Road,  and  thence 
along  the  middle  of  Lodway  Road  to  the  city  boun- 
dary in  Talbot  Road. 


NORTH. 


SOUTH. 


WEST. 


District,  St.  Philip  and  Jacob  North,  and  Staple- 
ton  Wards,  and  the  part  of  Easton  Ward  which  is 
not  included  in  the  East  Division. 

Bedminster  East,  Beclminster  West,  and  Southville 
Wards,  and  the  part  of  Somerset  Ward  which  is 
not  included  in  the  East  Division. 

Clifton  North,  Clifton  South,  Horfield,  Holland, 
St.  Michael  and  Westbury  on  Trym  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Boroiigh. 

BROMLEY. 


Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Bromley  and  urban  districts  of  Beckenham 

and  Penge. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  429 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BURNLEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Burnley. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BURY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Bury  and  urban  district  of  Tottington, 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borouch  of  Cambridge . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


430  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIR 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CARLISLE. 


.Contents  of  Parliamentary 

County  borough  of  Carlisle. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Division*. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CHELTENHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Cheltenham  and  urban  district  of  Charlton 

Kings. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Division* 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

COVENTRY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Coventry. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  431 

'2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CROYDON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Croydon. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

N  mnes  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

North,  South  Norwood  and  Upper  Norwood  Wards, 
SOUTH. 

Central,  East,  South  and  West  Wards. 

JVame  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DARLINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 
County  borough  of  Darlington. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DERBY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Derby. 


432  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contcl. 

Total  member  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DEWSBUKY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Dewsbury. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DUDLEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Dudley  and  civil  parish  of  Dudley  Castle  Hill, 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

EALING. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Baling . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  433 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

EAST   HAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  East  Ham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Manor  Park,  Plashet  East  and  Plashet  West  Wards . 
SOUTH. 

Beckton  and  North  Woolwich,  Central  East  and 

Central  West  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ECCLES.' 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Eccles  and  urban  district  of  Swinton  and 

Pendlebury. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

EDMONTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Edmonton. 
F.  28 


4-'*4  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

EXETER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Exeter,  including  Exeter  Castle  Yard  and 
Devon  County  Prison  and  Constabulary  Barracks. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GATESHEAD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Gateshead. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GLOUCESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Gloucester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 
One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  435 


(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — ccmtd: 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GREAT  YARMOUTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Great  Yarmouth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GRIMSBY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Grimsby  and  urban  district  of   Cleethorpes. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HALIFAX. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Halifax. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

28-(2) 


436  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

THE  HARTLEPOOLS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  West  Hartlepool  and  municipal  borough  of 

Hartlepool. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HASTINGS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Hastings. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HORNSEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Hornsey. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  'Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  437 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HUDDERSFIELD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Huddersfield. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

HYTHE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Hythe  and  Folkestone,  the  urban  district 
of  Cheriton  and  so  much  of  the  urban  district  of  Sandgate  as 
is  not  comprised  in  the  municipal  borough  of  Folkestone. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ILFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Ilford. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


438  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

IPSWICH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Ipswich. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


.  Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

KINGSTON-UPON-HULL . 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Kingston-upon-Hull. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Beverley,    East   Central,    My  ton,    Paragon,    West 

Central  and  Whitefriars  Wards. 
EAST. 

Alexandra,  Drypool  and  Southcoates  Wards. 
NORTH  WEST. 

Albert,  Botanic,  Newland  and  Park  Wards. 
SOUTH  WEST. 

Coltman,  North  Newington  and  South  Newington 

Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

KINGSTON-UPON-THAMES . 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Kingston-upon-Thames  and  urban  districts 
of  Surbiton,  and  The  Maidens  and  Coombe. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  439 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEEDS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Leeds. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Six. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRA'L. 

Central,  Mill  Hill,  South  and  West  Wards;  the 
part  of  Brunswick  Ward  which  lies  to  the  south  of 
that  part  of  the  boundary  of  the  ancient  township 
of  Leeds  which  lies  between  the  ward  boundaries 
in  Buslingthorpe  Lane  and  Chapeltown  Road,  the 
part  of  Headingley  Ward  which  lies  to  the  east  and 
south  of  a  line  commencing  at  the  ward  boundary 
where  the  North  Eastern  Railway  Company's  Leeds 
Northern  Line  crosses  the  middle  of  the  river  Aire 
and  drawn  along  the  middle  of  that  railway  to  the 
footbridge  over  the  same  at  a  point  to  the  east  of 
the  bandstand  in  Buiiey  Recreation  Ground,  thence 
in  a  straight  line  to  the  middle  of  the  western  end 
of  Alexandra  Road,  thence  along  the  middle  of 
Alexandra  Road  to  Hyde  Park  Road,  thence  in  a 
southerly  direction  along  the  middle  of  Hyde  Park 
Road  to  the  ward  boundary  at  the  junction  of  that 
road  with  Woodsley  Road;  and  the  part  of  North 
West  Ward  which  lies  to  the  east  and  south  of  a 


440  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 
line  commencing  at  the  ward  boundary  at  the  junc- 
tion of  Hyde  Park  Road  and  the  back  road  nearly 
opposite  Hyde  Park  Terrace  and  drawn  along  the 
middle  of  the  said  back  road  to  Woodhouse  Lane, 
thence  along  the  middle  of  Woodhouse  Lane,  St. 
Mark's  Street,  St.  Mark's  Road  and  New  Camp 
Road  to  the  ward  boundary  at  the  junction  of  the 
last-named  road,  Servia  Road  and  Servia  Terrace. 

NORTH. 

The  parts  of  Brunswick,  Headingley  and  North- 
West  Wards  which  are  not  included  in  the  Central 
Division,  and  the  part  of  North  Ward  which  is 
not  included  in  the  North-East  Division. 

NORTH-EAST. 

Roundhay,  Seacroft,  Shadwell  and  Crossgates 
Ward;  the  part  of  North  Ward  which  lies  to  the 
east  and  south  of  a  line  commencing  at  a  point  in 
the  ward  boundary  in  Harrogate  Road  opposite  the 
western  corner  of  the  Old  Church  Grave  Yard  and 
drawn  to  and  along  the  western,  southern  and  eastern 
walls  of  that  graveyard  to  ia  point  immediately  oppo- 
site the  south-eastern  corner  of  the  Old  Church, 
thence  proceeding  in  a  straight  line  to  the  middle 
of  the  roadway  at  the  head  of  the  lake  in  Gledhow 
Park,  thence  along  the  middle  of  the  Gledhow  Beck 
to  a  point  near  Tan  House  Well  where  the  beck 
is  joined  by  a  stream  which  passes  near  the  western 
side  of  Allerton  Grange,  thence  in  a  straight  line 
to  a  point  in  the  eastern  boundary  of  North  Ward 
where  that  boundary  coming  south  from  Oxley  Hill 
changes  direction  eastward  near  Donisthorpe  House; 
and  the  part  of  North-East  Ward  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  South-East  Division. 

SOUTH. 

Holbeck  and  West  Hunslet  Wards,  and  the  part  of 
New  Wortley  Ward  which  lies  to  the  south  and  east 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  441 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 
of  a  line  commencing  at  the  ward  boundary  where 
the  footpath  leading  from  Gelderd  Road  to  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Wortley  Cemetery  crosses  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Company's  West  Yorks 
Railway  and  drawn  along  the  middle  of  that  rail- 
way to  the  boundary  between  the  New  Wortley  and 
Holbeck  Wards  north-east  of  Holbeck  Railway 
Station. 

SOUTH-EAST. 

East  and  East  Hunslet  Wards  and  the  part  of 
North- East  Ward  which  lies  to  the  west  of  Ac- 
commodation Road  from  the  ward  boundary  in  Bur- 
mantofts  Street  to  the  ward  boundary  in  York  Road. 

WEST. 

Armley  and  Wortley  and  Bramley  Wards,  and  the 
part  of  New  Wortley  Ward  which  is  not  included 
in  the  South  Division. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEICESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Leicester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Belgrave,  Latimer,  Spinney  Hill  and  West  Hum- 

berston  Wards. 
SOUTH.  f 

Aylstone,  Castle,  Charnwood,  De  Montfort,  Knigh- 

ton,  Martin's  and  Wycliffe  Wards. 
WEST.  i 

Abbey,    Newton,    St.    Margaret's,   Westcotes   and 

Wyggeston  Wards. 


442  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEIGH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Leigh  and  urban  districts  of  Atherton  and 
Tyldesley-with-Shakerley . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEYTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Ley  ton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Cann  Hall,  Grove  Green,  Harrow  Green,  Leyton- 

stone,  and  Wanstead  Slip  Wards. 
WEST. 

Central,  Forest.  Lea  Bridge  and  Leyton  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LINCOLN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Lincoln  and  urban  district  of    Bracebridge. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  443 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LIVERPOOL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Liverpool. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Eleven. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST  TOXTETH. 

Aigburth,  Granby,  Sefton  Park  East  and  Sefton 
Park  West  Wards. 

EDGE  HILL. 

Edge  Hill  and  Low  Hill  Wards,  and  the  part  of 
Kensington  -Ward  which  lies  to  the  south  and  west 
of  a  line  drawn  from  the  western  boundary  of  the 
ward  along  the  middle  of  the  road  called  Kensing- 
ton to  its  junction  with  Holt  Road,  thence  in  a 
southerly  direction  along  the  middle  of  Holt  Road 
to  its  junction  with  Edge  Lane,  and  thence  in  an 
easterly  direction  along  the  middle  of  Edge  Lane 
to  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  ward. 

EVERTON. 

Everton  and  Netherfield  Wards. 
EXCHANGE. 

Abercromby,  Castle  Street,  Exchange,  Great 
George,  St.  Anne's  and  St.  Peter's  Wards,  and  the 
part  of  Vauxhall  Ward  which  lies  south  of  a  line 
drawn  from  a  point  in  the  centre  of  the  River 
Mersey  to  the  south  side  of  the  Prince's  Half-Tide 
Dock,  thence  in  a  southerly  direction  along  the 
Liverpool  Overhead  Railway  to  the  middle  of  Deni- 


444  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 
son  Street,  thence  along  the  middle  of  Denison 
Street  to  its  junction  with  Great  Howard  Street, 
thence  in  a  southerly  direction  along  the  middle  of 
Great  Howard  Street  and  Old  Hall  Street  to  the 
junction  of  the  latter  with  Old  Leeds  Street,  thence 
along  the  middle  of  Old  Leeds  Street  crossing  the 
Lancashire  and  Yorkshire  Railway  to  a  point  in 
Pall  Mall  opposite  the  middle  of  Leeds  Street, 
thence  in  an  easterly  direction  along  the  middle  of 
Leeds  Street  to  its  junction  with  Vauxhall  Road, 
thence  in  a  southerly  direction  along  the  middle  of 
Vauxhall  Road  to  its  junction  with  Midghall  Street, 
thence  along  the  middle  of  Midghall  Street  to  the 
ward  boundary  in  Mary  bone. 

FAIRFIELD. 

Fairfield  and  Old  Swan  Wards  and  the  part  of 
Kensington  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the  Edge 
Hill  Division. 

KIRKDALE. 

Kirkdale  and  St.  Domingo  Wards. 

SCOTLAND. 

North  Scotland,  Sandhills  and  South  Scotland 
Wards,  and  the  part  of  Vauxhall  Ward  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Exchange  Division . 

WALTON. 

Fazakerley,  Walton  and  Warbreck  Wards. 

WAVERTREE. 

Allerton  Childwall  and  Little  Woolton,  Garston, 
Much  Woolton,  Wavertree  and  Wavertree  West 
Wards. 

WEST  DERBY. 

Anfield,  Breckficld  and  West  Derby  Wards. 
WEST  TOXTETH. 

Brunswick,  Dingle  and  Prince's  Park  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  445 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

MANCHESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Manchester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Ten. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ARDWICK. 

Ardwick,  New  Cross  and  St.  Mark's  Wards. 
BLACKLEY. 

Blackley,  Crumpsall  and  Moston  Wards. 
CLAYTON. 

Beswick,  Bradford  and  Newton  Heath  Wards. 
EXCHANGE. 

Cheetham,  Collegiate  Church,  Exchange,    Oxford, 

St.  Ann's,  St.  Clement's  and  St.   John's  Wards, 

and  the  part  of  St.  Michael's  Ward  which  lies  to 

the  north-west  of  a  line  drawn  along  the  middle  of 

Rochdale  Road. 
GORTON. 

Gorton  North,  Gorton  South  and  Openshaw  Wards. 
HULME. 

Medlock  Street,  Moss  Side  West  and  St.  George's 

Wards. 
Moss  SIDE. 

All  Saints,  Moss  Side  East  and  St.  Luke's  Wards. 
PLATTING. 

Colly-hurst,  Harpurhey  and  Miles  Platting  Wards, 

and  the  part  of  St.  Michael's  Ward  which  is   not 

included  in  the  Exchange  Division. 
BUSHOLMB. 

Levenshulme,  Longsight  and  Rusholme  Wards. 

WlTHINGTON . 

Chorlton-cum-Hardy,    Didsbury    and    Withington 
Wards. 


446  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

MIDDLESBROUGH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borotigh. 

County  borough  of  Middlesbrough . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Exchange,  Grove  Hill,  Ormesby,  St.  Hilda's   and 

Vulcan  Wards. 
WEST. 

Acklam,  Ayrsome,  Cannon,  Cleveland,  Linthorpe 

and  Newport  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

MORPETH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Morpeth,  urban  districts  of  Ashington,  Bed- 
lingtonshire  and  Blyth,  and  civil  parishes  of  Hepscott,  Mor- 
peth Castle,  Newminster  and  Tranwell. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Pa  filamentary  Borough. 

NELSON  AND  COLNE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Colne  and  Nelson,  urban  districts  of  Bar- 
rowford,  Brierfield  and  Trawden,  and  the  detached  part  of 
the  civil  parish  of  Foulridgo  which  is  bounded  on  the  north, 
west,  and  south  by  the  municipal  borough  of  Colne. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  447 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Barnes  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

NEWCASTLE-UNDEK-LYME. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme  and  urban  districts 
of  Audley  and  Wolstanton  United. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

ya-mes  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of -Parliamentary  Borough. 

NE  WCASTLE-UPON-TYNE . 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Four. 

Barnes  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

All  Saints,  St.  John's,  St.  Nicholas,    Stephenson 

and  Westgate  Wards. 
EAST. 

Byker,  St.  Anthony's,  St.  Lawrence  and    Walker 

Wards. 
NORTH. 

Dene,    Heaton,    Jesmond,    St.  Andrew's   and    St. 

Thomas  Wards. 


448  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 
WEST. 

Armstrong,  Arthur's  Hill,  Ben  well,    Elswiek  and 
Fenham  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

NORTHAMPTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Northampton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

NORWICH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Norwich. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  oj  Parliamentary  Borough. 

NOTTINGHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Nottingham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Four. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  449 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Forest,  Market,  Robin  Hood,  St.  Ann's  and  Sher- 
wood Wards. 

EAST. 

Byron,  Manvers,  Mapperley  and  St.  Mary's  Wards. 

SOUTH. 

Bridge,  Castle,  Meadows  and  Trent  Wards. 

WEST. 

Broxtowe,  St.  Albans  and  Wollaton  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

OLDHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Oldham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliam&ntary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

OXFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Oxford. 
Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

•Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliam&ntary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


F. 


29 


450  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

PLYMOUTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Plymouth. 
Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

DRAKE. 

Drake's,  Mount  Eclgcumbe,  Mutley,  Pennycross,  St. 

Peter's,  Stoke  and  Valletort  Wards. 
DEVONPORT. 

Ford,  Keyham,  Molesworth,  Nelson,  St.  Aubynand 

St.  Budeaux  Wards. 
SUTTON. 

Charles,  Compton,  Friary,  Laira,    St.    Andrew's, 

Sutton  and  Vintry  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

PORTSMOUTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Portsmouth. 
Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Buckland,  Fratton,  Kingston,  St.  Mary  and  Town 
Hall  Wards. 
NORTH. 

Charles  Dickens,  Mile  End,  North  End  and  Port- 
sea  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  451 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE—  contd. 

SOUTH. 

Havelook,  Highland,  St.  Paul,  St.  Simon  and  St. 
Thomas  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

PRESTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 
County  borough  of  Preston  and  urban  district  of  Fulwood. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 


Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  'Boroiwh.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

READING. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Reading. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

I  Names  of  Divisioms  of 

Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

RICHMOND. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Richmond  and  urban  districts  of  Barnes 

and  Ham. 

29  (2) 


452  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd, 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


'Name  of-  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ROCHDALE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Rochdale. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

•Names  of  Divisions  of  * 

Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

ROCHESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Chatham,  Gillingham  and  Rochester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

GILLINGHAM. 

Municipal  borough  of  Gillingham,  St.  Mary  Ward 
of  the  borough  of  Chatham,  and  the  part  of  the 
municipal  borough  of  Rochester  which  is.  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Chatham  Division. 

CHATHAM. 

Municipal  borough  of  Rochester  (except  the  part  of 
St.  Peter's  Ward  which  lies  to  the  north  and  east  of 
a  line  drawn,  in  prolongation  of  that  part  of  the 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  453 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 
borough  boundary  which  lias  between  St.  Bartholo- 
mew's Chapel  and  Boundary  Wharf,  to  the  borough 
boundary  in  the  Biver  Medway),  and  Luton  and  St. 
John  Wards  of  the  municipal  borough  of  Chatham. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

BOSSENDALE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Bacup,  Haslingden  and  Bawtenstall. 

Total  ^number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 
One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

EOTHEBHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Botherham,  and  urban  districts  of  Greasbrough 

and  Bawmarsh. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliam&ntary  Borough. 

ST.  HELEN'S. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  St.  Helen's. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


454     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1984. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Names  of  Divisidns  of 
Parliamentary  'Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


i    Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

SALFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  borough. 
County  borough  of  Salford. 

Total  number  of  Members  'for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisidns  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Albert  Park,  Charlestown,  Grosvenor,  Kersal  and 

St.  Matthias  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Crescent,     Islington,    Ordsall,    Eegent,    Trafford, 

Trinity  and  Weaste  Wards. 
WEST. 

Hope,  St.  Paul,  St.  Thomas  and  Seedley  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

SHEFFIELD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  \Borough. 

County  borough  of  Sheffield. 

Total  ^number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Seven. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ATTERCLIFFE. 

Attercliffe  and  Daraall  Wards. 
BRIGHTSIDE. 

Brightside  and  Burngreave  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  455 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

CENTRAL. 

St.  Peter's  and  St.  Philip's  Wards,  and  the  part 
of  Broomhall  Ward  which  lies  to  the  east  of  a  line 
drawn  along  the  middle  of  Broomhall  Street  from 
the  point  where  that  street  intersects  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  ward  to  the  point  opposite  the 
middle  of  Hanover  Street,  thence  along  the  middle 
of  Hanover  Street  to  the  southern  boundary  of  the 
ward. 

ECCLESALL. 

Ecclesall  and  Sharrow  Wards. 

HALLAM. 

Crookesmoor  and  Hallam  Wards,  and  the  part  of 
Broomhall  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the  Cen- 
tral Division. 

HlLLSBOROUGH. 

Hillsborough,  Neepsend  and  Walkley  Wards. 
PARK. 

Heeley  and  Park  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SMETHWICK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Smethwick. 

Total  number  of  Members  'for  Parliamentary  Thorough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  iBorough. 

County  borough  of  Southampton,  urban  district  of  Itchen,  and 
civil  parish  of  Bitterne. 


456  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

>       Total  "number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

SOUTHEND-ON-SEA. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  \Borough. 

County  borough  of  Southend-on-Sea. 

'        Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  (Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SOUTHPOET. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

County  borough  of  Southport.  . 
Total  plumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Division*. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SOUTH    SHIELDS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  '\Borough. 

County  borough  of  South  Shields. 
Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  457 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

STOCKPOKT. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

County  borough  of  Stockport. 
Total  'number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliame>ntary  'Borough. 

STOCKTON-ON-TEES. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Stockton-on-Tees  and  Thornaby-on-Tees. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


!    Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

STOKE-ON-TEENT. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Stoke-on-Trent. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BURSLEM. 

Numbers  one,  two,  three,  four,  five,  six,  seven  and 
eight  Wards. 


458     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

HANLEY. 

Numbers  nine,  ten,  eleven,  twelve,  thirteen,  four- 
teen, fifteen  and  sixteen  Wards. 
STOKE. 

Numbers  seventeen,  eighteen,  nineteen,  twenty, 
twenty-one,  twenty-two,  twenty-three,  twenty-four, 
twenty-live  and  twenty-six  Wards. 

'    Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

SUNDERLAND. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

County  borough  of  Sunderland  and  urban  district  of  Southwick- 

on-Wear. 

Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


'•    Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

TOTTENHAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  ^Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Tottenham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTH. 

Lower,  Middle  and  West  Green  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Harringay,  High  Cross  and  St.  Ann's  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  459 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE—  contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

TYNEMOUTH. 


of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Tynemouth. 

Total  number  of  Members  'for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WAKEFIELD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Waken1  eld. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

WALLASEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

County  borough  of  Wallasey. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


460  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Name  of  Parliam&ntary  'Borough. 

WALLSEND. 

C&ntents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Wallsend  and  urban  districts  of  Gosforth, 
Longbenton  and  Weetslade. 

Total  number  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliam&ntary  Borough. 

WALSALL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Walsall. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough, 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliam&ntary  Borough. 

WALTHAMSTOW. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Walthamstow. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 


Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Hale  End,  Hoe  Street  and  .Wood  Street  Wards, 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  461 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 
WEST. 

Iligham  Hill,  High  Street  and  St.  James   Street 
.Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WARRINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Warrington. 

Total  number  of  Members  'for  Parliamentary  Borough. 
One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WEDNESBURY. 

'Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Wednesbury,  and  urban  districts  of  Dar- 
laston  and  Tipton. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Division^  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliam&ntary  Borough. 

WEST  BROMWICH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  West  Bromwich 


462  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.          Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WEST  HAM. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  West  Ham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

PLAISTOW. 

Hudsons  and  Plaistow  Wards,  and  the.  part  of 
Canning  Town  Ward  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Silvertown  Division. 

SlLVERTOWN. 

Custom  House  and  Silvertown,  and  Tidal  Basin 
Wards,  and  the  part  of  Canning  Town  Ward  which 
lies  to  the  south  and  east  of  a  line  drawn  from  the 
ward  boundary  in  Hermit  Eoad  along  the  middle  of 
Star  Lane  to  the  middle  of  the  Woolwich  Branch 
of  the  Great  Eastern  Eailway,  thence  southwards 
along  the  middle  of  that  railway  to  the  ward  boun- 
dary in  Barking  Eoad. 

.STRATFORD. 

Broadway,  Forest  Gate,  High  Street  and  New  Town 
Wards. 

UPTON. 

Park,  Upton  and  West  Ham  Wards. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  463 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WIGAN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Wigan. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  BorougTi. 
One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WILLESDEN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Willesden. 

Total  (number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Brondesbury  Park,  Cricklewood,  Kensal  Rise,  Mid 

Kilburn,  North  Kilburn  and  South  Kilburn  Wards. 
WEST. 

Church  End,  Harlesden*,  Roundwood,  Stonebridge 

and  Willesden  Green  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WIMBLEDON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  borough  of  Wimbledon,  and  urban  district  of  Merton 

and  Morden. 

'Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  'Borough. 

One. 


464  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE— contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WOLVEBHAMPTON, 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Wolverhampton,  and  urban  districts  of  Bil- 
ston,  Coseley,  Heath  Town  or  Wednesfield  Heath,  Sedgley, 
Short  Heath,  Wednesfield  and  Willenhall. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BlLSTON. 

Urban  districts  of  Bilston,  Coseley  and  Sedgley. 

EAST. 

St.  James's,  St.  Mary's,  and  St.  Peter's  Wards  of 
the  county  borough  of  Wolverhampton,  and  urban 
districts  of  Heath  Town  or  Wednesfield  Heath, 
Short  Heath,  Wednesfield  and  Willenhall. 

WEST. 

Blakenhall,  Deinstall,  Graiseley,  Merridale,  Park, 
St.  George's,  St.  John's,  St.  Mark's  and  St.  Mat- 
thew's Wards  of  the  county  borough  of  Wolver- 
hampton . 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

WOBCESTEB,. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Worcester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  465 

(2)  ENGLAND,  excluding  LONDON  and  MONMOUTHSHIRE — contd. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

YORK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  York  (with  York  Castle). 

Total  ^number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


(3)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CARDIFF. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Cardiff,  and  urban  district  of  Penarth. 

Total  •number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 
Three. 

Names  of  Division^  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

Canton,  Cathays,  Central  and  Riverside\Wards  of 

county  borough  of  Cardiff. 
EAST. 

Park,  Roath  and  Splott  Wards  of  county  borough 

of  Cardiff. 
SOUTH. 

Adamsdown,    Grangetown    and    South    Wards   of 

county  borough  of  Cardiff  and   urban   district  of 

Penarth . 
F.  30 


466  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

CAENAEVON  DISTEICT  OF  BOEOUGHS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Municipal  boroughs  of  Bangor,  Carnarvon,  Con  way  and  Pwllheli, 
urban  districts  of  Criccieth,  Llandudno,  Llanfairfechan  and 
Penmaenmawr,  and  civil  parish  of  Nevin. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

MEETHYE  TYDFIL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Merthyr  Tydfil,  and  urban  districts  of  Aber- 
dare  and  Mountain  Ash. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Barnes  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ABERDARE. 

Urban  districts  of  Aberdare  and  Mountain  Ash. 
MERTHYR. 

County  borough  of  Merthyr  Tydfil. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borouafh. 

NEWPOET. 

Co>ntents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Newport. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  467 


(3)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

RHONDDA. 

ff 0n$ent*  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Urban  district  of  Rhondda. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

Numbers  seven,  eight,  nine  and  ten  .Wards,  and  the 
part  of  number  six  Ward  which  is  not  included  in 
the  West  Division. 

WEST. 

Numbers  one,  two,  three,  four  and  five  Wards,  and 
the  part  of  number  six  Ward  which  lies  to  the  west 
of  the  middle  of  the  River  Rhondda  and  is  known  as 
Tonypandy. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

SWANSEA. 

.Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  borough  of  Swansea. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EAST. 

East,  Landore,  Morriston  and  St.  John's  Wards. 
WEST. 

Alexandra,    Bryn    Melyn,    Castle,     Ffynone,    St. 

Helen's  and  Victoria  Wards. 
30  (2) 


468  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

ABERDEEN. 

C&ntents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  of  the  City  of  Aberdeen. 

Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Greyfriars,  St.  Andrew,  St.  Clement,  St.  Machar, 
Torry  and  Woodside  Municipal  Wards. 
SOUTH. 

Ferryhill,  Rosemount,  Rubislaw,  Ruthrieston  and 
St.  Nicholas  Municipal  Wards. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

AYR  DISTRICT  OF  BURGHS. 

.Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Ayr,  Ardrossan,  Irvine,  Prestwick,  Saltcoats,  and 

Troon. 

Total  tyumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Division^  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DUMBARTON  DISTRICT  OF.  BURGHS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Dumbarton  and  Clydebank. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  469 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Division's  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DUNDEE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  of  the  City  of  Dundee. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Two. 

flames  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

DUNFERMLINE  DISTRICT  OF  BURGHS. 

^        Tfontents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Dunfermline,  Cowdenbeath,  In verkei thing,  and 
Lochgelly. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  0f 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

EDINBURGH. 

'Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

County  of  the  City  of  Edinburgh  and  Burgh  of  Mueselburgh. 


470  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Five. 

'Names  of  Divisions  |o/ 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

George  Square,  St.  Giles'  and  St.  Leonard's  Muni- 
cipal Wards  of  Edinburgh. 

EAST. 

Burgh  of  Musselburgh  and  Canongate  and  Porto- 
bello  Municipal  Wards  of  Edinburgh. 

NORTH. 

Broughton,  Calton,  St.  Andrew's  and  St.  Stephen's 
Municipal  Wards  of  Edinburgh. 

SOUTH. 

Merchiston,  Morningside,  and  Newington  Munici- 
pal Wards  of  Edinburgh. 

WEST. 

Dairy,  Gorgie,  Hay  market  and  St.  Bernard's  Muni- 
cipal Wards  of  Edinburgh. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GLASGOW^. 

Contents  of  P'a-l'wnientary  Borough. 

County  of  the  City  of  Glasgow. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Fifteen. 

Names  of  Divisions  jo/ 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BRIDGETON. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  centre  line  of 
London  Road,  where  the  road  is  crossed  by  the  Cale- 
donian Railway  (Glasgow  Lines),  thence  south- 
westward  and  southward  along  the  centre  line  of 
the  said  railway  to  where  it  joins  the  Caledonian 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  471 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 
Railway  Branch  Line  from  Dalmarnock  to  Ruther- 
glen,  thence  southward  along  the  centre  line  of  the 
said  last-mentioned  railway  to  a  point  on  the  muni- 
cipal boundary  at  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde, 
thence  south-westward  and  north-westward  along 
the  municipal  boundary  of  the  city  to  a  point  on  the 
centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde  about  77  yards  south- 
eastward from  the  centre  of  Rutherglen-  Bridge, 
thence  westward,  northward  and  westward  along  the 
centre  line  of -the  River  Clyde  to  the  centre  of  Albert 
Bridge,  thence  northward  along  the  centre  line  of 
Saltmarket  to  the  centre  line  of  Gallowgate,  thence 
eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  Gallowgate  to  the 
centre  line  of  Abercromby  Street,  thence  south- 
westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Abercromby  Street 
to  the  centre  line  of  Canning  Street,  thence  eastward 
along  the  centre  line  of  Canning  Street  and  London 
Road  to  the  point  of  commencement. 
CAMLACHIE  . 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a  line 
commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boundary 
on  the  south-east  side  of  Cumbernauld  Road  where 
that  road  is  intersected  by  the  east  side  of  the  Cale- 
donian Railway  (Glasgow  Lines),  thence  southward 
along  the  municipal  boundary  to  a  point  about  299 
yards  north-westward  from  the  centre  of  Carntyne 
Road,  where  the  municipal  boundary  intersects  that 
road,  thence  north-westward  to  a  point  on  the  centre 
line  of  the  said  railway  380  yards  south  of  the 
centre  line  of  Cumbernauld  Road,  thence  south- 
westward  and  southward  along  the  centre  line  of 
the  said  railway  to  the  centre  line  of  London  Road, 
thence  westward  along  the  centre  line  of  London 
Road  and  Canning  Street  to  the  centre  line  of  Aber- 
cromby Street,  thence  north-eastward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Abercromby  Street  to  the  centre  line 


472  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued). 
of  Gallowgate,  thence  westward  along  the  centre  line 
of  Gallowgate  to  the  centre  line  of  Sydney  Street, 
thence  northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Sydney 
Street  to  the  centre  line  of  Duke  Street,  thence 
eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  Duke  Street  to  the 
centre  line  of  Ark  Lane,  thence  northward  along 
the  centre  line  of  Ark  Lane  and  Firpark  Street 
to  the  centre  line  of  Alexandra  Parade,  thence  east- 
ward and  north-eastward  along  the  centre  line  of 
Alexandra  Parade,  and  Curnbernauld  Road  to  the 
east  side  of  the  Caledonian  Railway  (Glasgow 
Lines),  thence  southward  to  the  point  of  commence- 
ment. 
CATHCART. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  of  Kilmarnock  Road,  thence 
northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Kilmarnock  Road 
to  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Cart,  thence  south- 
eastward and  eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  the 
River  Cart  to  the  centre  line  of  Langside  Road  at 
Millbrae  Bridge,  thence  north-eastward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Langside  Road,  Millbrae  Road  and 
Langside  Road,  to  the  centre  line  of  the  main  avenue 
in  the  Queen's  Park  near  Victoria  Infirmary,  thence 
northward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  main 
avenue  to  the  centre  line  of  Queen's  Drive,  thence 
northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Victoria  Road 
to  the  centre  line  of  the  Glasgow  and  South  Western 
Railway  about  46  yards  north  of  the  centre  line  of 
Butterbiggins  Road,  thence  north-eastward  along 
the  centre  line  of  the  said  Glasgow  and  South 
Western  Railway  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Cale- 
donian Railway  Main  Line  from  Glasgow  to 
Rutherglen,  thence  south-eastward  along  the  centre 
line  of  the  said  Caledonian  Railway  to  the  muni- 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  473 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 
cipal  boundary,  thence  south-westward  and  west- 
ward along  the  municipal  boundary  to  the  point  of 
commencement. 
CENTRAL. 

That  portion  of  the  city  whicli  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  at  the  intersection  of  the 
centre  lines  of  Parliamentary  Road  and  Castle 
Street,  thence  southward  along  the  centre  line  of 
Castle  Street  to  the  centre  line  of  Alexandra  Parade, 
thence  eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  Alexandra 
Parade  to  the  centre  line  of  Firpark  Street,  thence 
southward  along  the  centre  line  of  Firpark  Street 
and  Ark  Lane  to  the  centre  line  of  Duke  Street, 
thence  westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Duke  Street 
to  the  centre  line  of  Sydney  Street,  thence  south- 
ward along  the  centre  line  of  Sj^dney  Street  to  the 
centre  line  of  Gallowgate,  thence  westward  along 
the  centre  line  of  Gallowgate  to  the  centre  line  of 
Saltmarket,  thence  southward  along  the  centre  line 
of  Saltmarket  and  Albert  Bridge  to  the  centre  line 
of  the  River  Clyde,  thence  westward  along  the  centre 
line  of  the  River  Clyde  to  a  point  in  line  with  the 
centre  line  of  McAlpine  Street,  thence  northward 
along  the  centre  line  of  McAlpine  Street,  Pitt 
Street  and  Scott  Street  to  the  centre  line  of  New 
City  Road,  thence  south-eastward  along  the  centre 
line  of  New  City  Road  and  Cowcaddens  to  the  centre 
line  of  Buchanan  Street,  thence  southward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Buchanan  Street  to  the  centre  line  of 
Parliamentary  Road,  thence  north-eastward  along 
the  centre  line  of  Parliamentary  Road  to  the  point 
of  commencement. 

GORBALS. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde  about  77 


474  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— continued. 
yards  east  of  the  centre  of  Rutherglen  Bridge, 
thence  south-westward  along  the  municipal  boun- 
dary to  the  centre  of  the  Caledonian  Eailway  Main 
Line  from  Glasgow  to  Rutherglen,  thence  north- 
westward along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  Cale- 
donian Eailway  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Glasgow 
and  South  Western  Eailway,  thence  south-westward 
along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  Glasgow  and  South 
Western  Eailway  to  the  centre  line  of  Victoria  Road, 
thence  northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Victoria 
Eoad,  Eglinton  Street,  Bridge  Street  and  Glasgow 
Bridge  to  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde,  thence 
south-eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  River 
Clyde  to  the  point  of  commencement. 

Go  VAN. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  of  the  River  Clyde  in  line  with 
the  continuation  of  the  centre  line  of  Balmoral 
Street,  thence  eastward  along  tiie  centre  line  of  the 
River  Clyde  to  a  point  in  line  with  the  continua- 
tion of  the  centre  line  of  the  portion  of  Govan 
Eoad  to  the  west  of  Princes  Dock,  thence  southward 
to  and  along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  portion  of 
Govan  Road,  Whitefield  Eoad,  Church  Eoad  and 
continuation  thereof  to  the  centre  of  the  Glasgow 
and  Paisley  Joint  Eailway,  thence  westward  along 
the  centre  line  of  the  said  Glasgow  and  Paisley 
Joint  Eailway  to  the  municipal  boundary,  thence 
north-westward,  northward,  and  eastward  along  the 
municipal  boundary  to  the  point  of  commencement. 

BILLHEAD. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  in  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  its  intersection  with  the  centre  line  of  the 
River  Kelvin,  thence  south-eastward,  southward  and 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  475 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— con tinu ed. 
south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  River 
Kelvin  to  the  centre  line  of  the  North  British  Rail- 
way (Stobcross  Branch),  thence  north-westward 
along  the  centre  of  the  said  North  British  Railway 
to  its  intersection  with  the  municipal  boundary, 
thence  north-eastward  along  the  municipal  boun- 
dary to  the  point  of  commencement. 

KELVINGROVE  . 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  at  the  intersection  of 
the  centre  line  of  New  City  Road  and  Scott  Street, 
thence  southward  along  the  centre  line  of  Scott 
Street,  Pitt  Street  and  McAlpine  Street  and  con- 
tinuation thereof  to  the  centre  line  of  the  River 
Clyde,  thence  westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the 
River  Clyde  to  its  intersection  with  the  centre  line 
of  the  River  Kelvin,  thence  north-eastward  along 
the  centre  line  of  the  River  Kelvin  to  the  centre 
line  of  Great  Western  Road,  thence  south-eastward 
along  the  centre  line  of  Great  Western  Road  and 
New  City  Road  to  the  point  of  commencement. 

MARYHILL. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  line  of  the  North  British  Rail- 
way (Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  Line)  about  327 
yards  north  of  the  centre  of  Hawthorn  Street,  where 
the  said  North  British  Railway  intersects  that 
street,  thence  south-eastward  and  southward  along 
the  centre  of  the  said  North  British  Railway  to  the 
centre  line  of  Keppochhill  Road,  thence  south-west- 
ward and  westward  along  the  centre  Hue  of  Kep- 
pochhill Road  to  the  centre  line  of  Saracen  Street, 
thence  south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Fossil 
Road  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Forth  and  Clyde 
Canal,  thence  north-westward  along  the  centreline 


476  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 
of  the  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal  to  a  point  in  line 
with  the  centre  line  of  Well  Eoad,  thence  south- 
westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Well  Eoad  to 
the  centre  line  of  New  City  Eoad,  thence  westward 
along  the  centre  line  of  Eaeberry  Street  and  Carl- 
ton  Gardens  to  the  centre  line  of  Belmont  Street, 
thence  south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Bel- 
mont Street  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Elver  Kelvin, 
thence  north-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the 
Eiver  Kelvin  to  its  intersection  with  the  municipal 
boundary,  thence  north-eastward  and  south-east- 
ward along  the  municipal  boundary  to  the  point  of 
commencement. 

PABTICK. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  line  of  the  North  British  Eail- 
way (Stobcross  Branch),  thence  south-eastward 
along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  North  British  Eail- 
way  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Eiver  Kelvin,  thence 
south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  Eiver 
Kelvin  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Eiver  Clyde,  thence 
westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  Eiver  Clyde, 
to  the  municipal  boundary,  thence  northward  and 
north-eastward  along  the  municipal  boundary  to  the 
point  of  commencement. 

POLLOK. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary at  the  centre  line  of  the  Glasgow  and  Paisley 
Joint  Eailway,  thence  eastward  along  the  centre 
line  of  the  said  Glasgow  and  Paisley  Joint  Eail- 
way and  the  Caledonian  Eailway  to  the  centre  line 
of  Shields  Eoad,  thence  southward  along  the  centre 
line  of  Shields  Eoad  to  the  centre  line  of  the  Glasgow 
and  South  Western  Eailway  (Paisley  Canal  Line), 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  477 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 
thence  eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  said 
Glasgow  and  South  Western  Railway  to  the  centre 
line  of  Eglinton  Street,  thence  southward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Eglinton  Street  and  Victoria  Road 
to  the  centre  line  of  Queen's  Drive,  thence  southward 
along  the  centre  line  of  the  main  avenue  in  the 
Queen's  Park  to  the  centre  line  of  Langside  l£oad, 
thence  south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of 
Langside  Road  to  the  centre  line  of  Millbrae  Road, 
thence  south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Mill- 
brae  Road  and  Langside  Road  to  the  centre  line  of 
the  River  Cart  at  Millbrae  Bridge,  thence  westward 
and  north-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the 
River  Cart  to  the  centre  line  of  Kilmarnock  Road, 
thence  southward  along  the  centre  line  of  Kilmar- 
nock Road  to  the  municipal  boundary,  thence  north- 
westward, south-westward,  northward,  westward 
and  northward  along  the  municipal  boundary  to 
the  point  of  commencement. 
ST.  ROLLOX. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  at  the  intersection  of 
Springburn  Road  and  Parliamentary  Road,  thence 
south-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Parliamen- 
tary Road  to  the  centre  line  of  Buchanan  Street, 
thence  northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Buchanan 
-  Street  to  the  centre  line  of  Cowcaddens,  thence 
north-westward  along  the  centre  line  of  Cow- 
caddens, New  City  Road  and  Great  Western  Road 
to  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Kelvin,  thence  north- 
ward along  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Kelvin  to 
the  centre  line  of  Belmont  Street,  thence  north-east- 
ward along  the  centre  line  of  Belmont  Street  to  the 
centre  line  of  Carlton  Gardens,  thence  eastward 
along  the  centre  line  of  Carlton  Gardens  and  Rae- 
berry  Street  to  the  centre  line  of  New  City  Road, 


478  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— continued. 
thence  north-eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  Well 
Eoad  and  continuation  thereof  to  the  centre  line  of 
the  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal,  thence  south-eastward 
along  the  centre  line  of  the  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal 
to  the  centre  line  of  Fossil  Koad,  thence  north-east- 
ward along  the  centre  line  of  Fossil  Road  to  the 
0  centre  line  of  Saracen  Street,  thence  eastward  and 

north-eastward  along  the  centre  line  of  Keppoch- 
hill  Eoad  to  the  centre  of  the  North  British  Rail- 
way (Edinburgh  and  Glasgow  Line),  thence  south- 
westward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  said  North 
British  Eailway  to  the  centre  line  of  Fountainwell 
Koad,  thence  south-eastward  along  the  centre  line 
of  Fountainwell  Eoad  to  the  centre  line  of  Spring- 
burn  Eoad,  thence  southward  along  the  centre  line 
of  Springburn  Eoad  to  the  point  of  commencement. 

SHETTLESTON. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 
dary about  299  yards  north-westward  from  the 
centre  of  Carntyne  Eoad,  at  a  point  where  the  muni- 
cipal boundary  intersects  that  road,  thence  east- 
ward, south-eastward  and  westward  along  the  muni- 
cipal boundary  to  the  centre  of  the  Caledonian  Eail- 
way Branch  Line  from  Eutherglen  to  Dalmarnock, 
thence  northward  along  the  centre  line  of  the  said 
railway  until  it  joins  the  Caledonian  Eailway 
(Glasgow  Lines),  thence  northward,  north-east- 
ward, northward  and  north-eastward  along  the 
centre  line  of  the  last-mentioned  railway  to  a  point 
380  yards  south  of  the  centre  line  of  Cumbernauld 
Eoad,  thence  south-eastward  to  the  point  of  com- 
mencement. 

SPRINGBURN. 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  municipal  boun- 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  479 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— continued. 
dary  on  the  south-east  side  of  Curabernauld  Road, 
where  that  road  is  intersected  by  the  east  side  of 
the  Caledonian  Railway  (Glasgow  Lines),  thence 
northward  to  the  centre  line  of  Cumbernauld  Road, 
thence  south-westward  and  westward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Cumbernauld  Road  and  Alexandra 
Parade  to  the  centre  line  of  Castle  Street,  thence 
northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Castle  Street 
and  Springburn  Road  to  the  centre  line  of  Foun- 
tainwell  Road,  thence  north-westward  along  the 
centre  line  of  Fountainwell  Road  to  the  centre  line 
of  the  North  British  Railway  (Edinburgh  and  Glas- 
gow Line),  thence  northward  along  the  centre  line 
of  the  said  North  British  Railway  to  a  point  on 
the  municipal  boundary  about  327  j-ards  north  of 
the  centre  of  Hawthorn  Street,  where  the  said  North 
British  Railway  intersects  that  street,  thence  north- 
ward, eastward,  southward,  eastward,  southward, 
westward,  south-eastward  and  south-westward  along 
the  municipal  boundary  to  the  point  of  commence- 
ment. 
TRADESTON  . 

That  portion  of  the  city  which  is  bounded  by  a 
line  commencing  at  a  point  on  the  centre  of  Glas- 
gow Bridge  at  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde, 
thence  southward  along  the  centre  line  of  Glasgow 
Bridge,  Bridge  Street  and  Eglinton  Street  to  the 
centre  line  of  the  Glasgow  and  South  Western  Rail- 
way at  Eglinton  Street  Station,  thence  westward 
along  the  centre  line  of  the  Glasgow  and  South 
Western  Railway  (Paisley  Canal  Line)  to  the  centre 
line  of  Shields  Road,  thence  northwards  along  the 
centre  line  of  Shields  Road  to  the  centre  line  of  the 
Caledonian  Railway,  thence  westward  along  the 
centre  line  of  the  said  Caledonian  Railway  and  the 
Glasgow  and  Paisley  Joint  Railway  to  a  point  in 


480  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,    1918. 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND— continued. 
line  with  the  centre  line  of  Church  Road,  thence 
northward  along  the  centre  line  of  Church  Road, 
Whiteh'eld  Road,  and  the  portion  of  Go  van  Road  to 
the  west  of  Princes  Dock  and  continuation  thereof 
to  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde,  thence  east- 
ward along  the  centre  line  of  the  River  Clyde  to 
the  point  of  commencement. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

GREENOCK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burgh  of  Green ock. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  vf 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

KIRKCALDY  DISTRICT  OF  BURGHS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Kirkcaldy,  Buckhaven  Methil  and  Innerleven,  Burntis- 
land,  Dysart  and  Kinghorn. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

LEITH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burgh  of    Leith. 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS.  481 

(4)  BOROUGHS  IN  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  pf 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

MONTROSE  DISTRICT  OP  BURGHS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Montrose,  Arbroath,  Brechin,  Forfar  and  Inverbervie, 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  -of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

PAISLEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burgh  of  Paisley. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  pf 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

STIRLING  AND  FALKIRK  DISTRICT  OP  BURGHS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Borough. 

Burghs  of  Stirling,  Falkirk  and  Grangemouth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Borough. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

F.  31 


482      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

PAKT  II. 

PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES. 
(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BEDFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Bedford. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BEDFORD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bedford  and  Eaton  Socon, 
the  municipal  borough  of  Bedford,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Kempston. 

LUTON. 

The  rural  district  of  Luton,  and  the  municipal 
boroughs  of  Dunstable  and  Luton. 

MID. 

The  rural  districts  of  Ampthill,  Biggleswade,  and 
Eaton  Bray,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ampthill, 
Biggleswade,  and  Leigh  ton  Buzzard. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BERKS. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Berks. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ABINGDON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Abingdon,  Wallingford,  and 
Wantage,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bradfield 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  483 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE—  continued. 

which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ashamp- 
stead,  Basildon,  Frilsham,  Streatley,  and  Yatten- 
don,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Faringdon 
which  is  within  the  administrative  county  of  Berks, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Abingdon  and  Walling- 
ford,  and  the  urban  district  of  Wantage. 

NEW  BURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hungerford  and  Newbury, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bradfield  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Abingdon  Division,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Wokingham  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Windsor  Division,  and  the  municipal 
boroughs  of  Newbury  and  Wokingham. 

WINDSOR. 

The  rural  districts  of  Cookham,  Easthampstead,  and 
Windsor,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Woking- 
ham which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Remen- 
ham,  Ruscombe,  Twyford,  and  Wargrave,  and  the 
municipal  boroughs  of  Maidenhead  and  New 
Windsor. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BUCKS. 


(Contents  of  Parliamentary 

The  administrative  county  of  Bucks. 

Total  number  of  Members  fo>r  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

AYLESBURY. 

The  rural  district  of  Amersham,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Aylesbury  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Buckingham  Division,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Long  Crendon  which  consists  of  the 
81  (2) 


484  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

civil  parish  of  Towersey,  the  part  of  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Wycornbe  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Bledlow,  Bradenham,  Ellesborough,  Great  and 
Little  Hampden,  Great  and  Little  Kimble,  Hor- 
senden,  Hughenden,  Ilmer,  Monks  Bisborough, 
Princes  Bisborough,  Radnage,  Saunderton,  and 
Wendover,  the  municipal  borough  of  Aylesbury, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Beaconsfield  and  Ches- 
ham. 

BUCKINGHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Buckingham,  Newport  Pag- 
n'ell,  Stratford  and  Wolverton,  Wing,  and  Winslow, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Aylesbury  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ashenden,  Chears- 
ley,  Grendon  Underwood,  Kingswood,  Ludgershall, 
Woodham,  and  Wotton  Underwood,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Long  Grendon  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Aylesbury  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Buckingham,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Bletchley,  Newport  Pagnell,  and  Linslade. 

WYCOMBE  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Eton  and  Hambledon,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wycombe  which  is  not 
included  in  the  Aylesbury  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Chepping  Wycombe,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Eton,  Mario w,  and  Slough. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Cambridge,  exclusive  of  the  part 
thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of  Cambridge. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
'Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  485 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CHESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Chester  and  the  county  borough  of 

Chester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Nine. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ALTRINCHAM. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bucklow  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Knutsford  Division,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Altrincham,  Ashton-upon- 
Mersey,  Bowdon,  Cheadle  and  Gatley,  Hale,  Hand- 
forth,  Lymm,  and  Sale. 

CITY  OF  CHESTER. 

The  rural  district  of  Chester,  the  county  borough 
of  Chester,  and  the  urban  district  of  Hoole. 

CRE\VE. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Congleton  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Arclid,  Betchton, 
Church  Lawton,  Hassall,  Moreton-cum-Alcumlow, 
Odd  Rode,  Smallwood,  and  Wheelock,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  Nantwich  which  consists  of 
the  civil  parishes  of  Barthomley,  Basford,  Church 
Coppenhall,  Chorlton,  Crewe,  Haslington,  Hough, 
Rope,  Shavington-cum-Gresty,  Stapeley,  Weston, 
Willaston,  Wistaston,  and  Wybunbury,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Crewe,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Alsager  and  Nantwich. 

EDDISBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Malpas  and  Tarvin,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Nantwioh  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Crewe  Division,  the  part  of  the  rural 


486      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

district  of  Northwich  which  consists  of  the:  civil 
parishes  of  Crowton,  Cuddington,  Darnhall,  Dela- 
mere,  Eddisbury,  Little  Budworth,  Marton,  Oak- 
mere,  and  Wimboldsley,  the  part  of  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Runcorn  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Alvanley,  Frodsham,  Frodsham  Lordship, 
Helsby,  Kingsley,  Kingswood,  Mauley,  Newton- 
by-iFrodshain,  and  Norley,  and  the  urban  district 
of  Tarpoiiey. 

KNIITSFORD. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bucklow  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Aston-by-Bud worth, 
Bexton,  Marthall-cum-Warford,  Mere,  Mobberley, 
Ollerton,  Peover  Inferior,  Peover  Superior,  Pick- 
mere,  Plumley,  Styal,  Tabley  Inferior,  Tabley 
Superior,  Tatton,  and  Toft;  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Congleton  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Crewe,  Macclesfield,  and  Northwich  Divisions;  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Macclesfield  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Adlington,  Butley, 
Capesthorne,  Chelford,  Chorley,  Fallibroome,  Great 
Warford,  Lower  Withington,  Marton,  Mottram  St. 
Andrew,  Nether  Alderley,  Newton,  Old  Withing- 
ton, Over  Alderley,  Poynton-with-Worth,  Prest- 
bury,  Siddington,  Snelson,  Tytherington,  Upton, 
and  Woodford;  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Northwich  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Allostock,  Byley,  Lach  Dennis,  Lostock  Gralam, 
Nether  Peover,  Rudheath,  Sproston,  and  Whatcroft, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Runcorn  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Acton  Grange,  Antro- 
bus,  Appleton,  Crowley,  Daresbury,  Grappenhall, 
Hatton,  Higher  Whitley,  Keckwick,  Latchford 
Without,  Lower  Whitley,  Moore,  Newton  by  Dares- 
bury.  Preston  on  the  Hill,  Seven  Oaks,  Stockton 
Heath,  Stretton,  Thelwall,  Walton  Inferior,  and 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  487 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Walton  Superior;  and  the  urban  districts  of  Alder- 
ley  Edge,  Bollington,  Hazel  Grove  and  Bramhall, 
Knutsford,  and  Wilmslow. 

MACCLESFIELD. 

The  rural  district  of  Disley,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Congleton  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Hulmo  Walfield  and  Newbold  Astbury, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Macclesfield  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Knutsford  Division,  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Congleton  and  Macclesfield,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Bredbury  and  Romiley,  Bug- 
lawton,  Compstall,  Marple,  and  Yeardsley-cum- 
Whaley. 

NORTHWICH. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Congleton  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Bradwall,  Elton, 
Moston,  and  Tetton,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Northwich  which  is  not  included  in  the  Edclis- 
bury  and  Knutsford  Divisions,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Euncorn  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Eddisbury  and  Knutsford  Divisions,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Middlewich,  Northwich,  Runcorn,  Sand- 
bach,  and  Winsford. 

STALYBRIDGE  AND  HYDE. 

The  rural  district  of  Tintwistlc,  the  municipal 
boroughs  of  Dukinfield,  Hyde,  and  Stalybridge,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Hollingworth  and  Mottram 
in  Longendale. 

WlRRAL. 

The  rural  district  of  Wirral,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Bromborough,  Ellesmcre  Port  and  Whitby 
Higher  Bebington,  Hoylake  and  West  Kirby. 
Lower  Bebington,  and  Xeston  and  Parkgate. 


488      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CORNWALL. 

'Contents  vf  Parliamentary  C aunty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Cornwall  and  the  Isles  of  Scilly . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Pive. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BODMIN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Liskeard  and  St.  Germans, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bodmin  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Northern  Division,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  St.  Austell  which  consists  of 
the  civil  parishes  of  St.  Sampson  and  Tywardreath, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Bodmin,  Fowey,  Lis- 
keard, Lostwithiel,  and  Saltash,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Callington,  Looe,  and  Torpoint. 

CAMBORNE. 

The  rural  district  of  Redruth,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  East  Kerrier  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Constantine,  Mabe,  and  Perranarwor- 
thal,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Helston  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Crowan  and  Wen- 
dron,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Truro  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Kea,  Kenwyn  Rural, 
Perranzabuloe,  St.  Agnes,  St.  Allen,  and  Trega- 
vethan,  the  municipal  borough  of  Helston,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Camborne,  Hayle,  Phillack,  and 
Redruth. 

NORTHERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Calstock,  Camelford,  Laun- 
ceston,  St.  Columb  Major,  and  Stratton,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Holsworthy  which  is  within 
the  administrative  county  of  Cornwall,  the  part  of 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  489 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

the  rural  district  of  Bodmin  which  consists  of  the 
civil  parishes  of  Egloshayle,  St.  Endellion,  St. 
Kew,  St.  Minver  Highlands,  and  St.  Minver  Low- 
lands, the  municipal  borough  of  Launceston,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Newquay,  Padstow,  Strat- 
ton  and  Bude,  and  Wadebridge. 

PENRYN  AND  EALMOUTH. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  St.  AusteH.  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Bodmin  Division,  the  part  of 
each  of  the  rural  districts  of  East  Kerrier  and  Truro 
which  is  not  included  in  the  Camborne  Division, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Ealmouth,  Penryn,  and 
Truro,  and  the  urban  district  of  St.  Austell. 

ST.  IVES. 

The  rural  district  of  West  Penwith,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Helston  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Camborne  Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Pen- 
zance  and  St.  Ives,  the  urban  districts  of  Ludgvan, 
Madron,  Paul,  and  St.  Just,  and  the  Seilly  Isles. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

.CUMBERLAND.- 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 
The  administrative  county  of  Cumberland. 

Tlotal  dumber  bf  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Co.unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTHERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Brampton,  Carlisle,  and  Long- 
town,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wigton  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Workington  Division,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Holme  Cultram  and  Wigton. 


490      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

PENRITH  AND  COCKERMOUTH  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Alston  with  Garrigill  and 
Penrith,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Cocker- 
mouth  which  is  not  included  in  the  Working-ton 
Division,  and  the  urhan  districts  of  Cockermouth, 
Keswick,  and  Penrith. 

WHITEHAVEN. 

The  rural  district  of  Bootle,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Whitehaven  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Workington  Division,  the  municipal  borough  of 
Whitehaven,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Cleator 
Moor,  Egremont,  and  Millom. 

WORKINGTON. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Cockermouth  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Broughton,  Brough- 
ton  Moor,  Camerton,  Crosscanonby,  Dearham, 
Flimby,  Great  Clifton,  Little  Clifton,  Oughterside 
and  Allerby,  Ribton,  Seaton,  Stainburn,  Winscales, 
and  Workington  Rural,  the  part  of  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Whitehaven  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Distington,  Moresby,  and  Weddicar,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wigton  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Allonby,  Hay  ton  and  Mealo, 
and  West  Newton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Work- 
ington, and  the  urban  districts  of  Aiiecdon  and 
Frizington,  Aspatria,  Harrington,  and  Maryport. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DERBY. 

.  Contents  of  Parliamentary  Comity. 

The  administrative  county  of  Derby. 

Total  member  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Eight. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  491 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BELPER. 

The  rural  district  of  Belper,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Kepton  which 'is  not  included  in  the 
Southern  and  Western  Divisions,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Alfreton,  Belper,  and  Heage. 

CHESTERFIELD  . 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Chesterfield  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Barlow,  Briming- 
ton,  Calow,  Hasland,  Sutton-cum-Duckmanton, 
Tapton,  Temple  Normanton,  and  Wingerworth,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Chesterfield,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Brampton  and  Walton  and  Whitting- 
ton  and  Newbold. 

CLAY  CROSS. 

The  rural  district  of  Blackwell,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Chesterfield  which  is  not  included 
in  the  North  Eastern  and  Chesterfield  Divisions, 
and  the  urban  district  of  Clay  Cross. 

HIGH  PEAK. 

The  rural  district  of  Chapel-en-le-Frith  (except  the 
two  detached  parts  of  the  civil  parish  of  Derwent 
which  are  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  civil  parish 
of  Hathersage),  the  rural  districts  of  Glossop  Dale 
and  Hayfield,  the  portion  of  the  rural  district  of 
Bakewell  which  consists  of  the  two  detached  parts 
of  the  civil  parish  of  Outseats  which  are  bounded 
on  three  sides  by  the  civil  parish  of  Derwent,  the 
municipal  boroughs  of  Buxton  and  Glossop,  and 
the  urban  district  of  New  Mills. 

ILKESTON. 

The  rural  district  which  consists  of  the  civil  par- 
ishes of  Codnor  Park  and  Shipley,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Ilkeston,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Heanor  and  Ripley. 


492      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

NORTH  EASTERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Clowne  and  Norton,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Chesterfield  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Beighton,  Coal  Aston,  Dron- 
field  Woodhouse,  Eckington,  Holmesfield,  Killa- 
marsh,  Staveley,  and  tinstone,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Bolsover  and  Dronfield. 

SOUTHERN  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Hartshorn  and  Seals  and 
Shardlow,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bepton 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Caldwell, 
Castle  Gresley,  Catton,  Coton  in  the  Elms,  Drake- 
low,  Linton,  Lullington,  Rosliston,  and  Walton- 
upon-Trent,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Alvaston 
and  Boulton,  Long  Eaton,  and  Swadlincote  District. 

WESTERN  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Ashbourno  and  Sudbury,  the 
rural  district  of  Bakewell  (except  the  two  detached 
parts  of  the  civil  parish  of  Outseats  which  are 
bounded  on  three  sides  by  the  civil  parish  of  Der- 
went),  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bepton  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Barton  Blount, 
Church  Broughton,  Foston  and  Scropton,  Hatton, 
Hilton,  Hoon,  Mars  ton -on -Dove,  Osleston  and 
Thurvaston,  and  Sutton-on-the-Hill,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Chapel-en-le-Frith  which  consists 
of  the  two  detached  parts  of  the  civil  parish  of  Der- 
went  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  civil  parish  of 
Hathersage,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ashbourne, 
Bakewell,  Baslow  and  Bubnell,  Bonsall,  Matlock, 
Matlock  Bath  and  Scarthin  Nick,  North  Darley, 
South  Darley,  and  Wirksworth. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  493 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— oontinued r. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DEVON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Devon. 

Total  'number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Seven. 

Names  of  Divisions  jpf 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BARN STAPLE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Barnstaple  and  Bideford  (in- 
cluding Lundy  Island),  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Barnstaple  and  Bideford,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Ilfracombe,  Lynton,  and  Northam. 

HOXITON  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Axminster  and  Honiton,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  St.  Thomas  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Aylesbeare,  Bicton, 
Clyst  Honiton,  Clyst  St.  George,  Clyst  St.  Mary, 
Colaton  Raleigh,  East  Budleigh,  Farringdon, 
Lympstone,  Newton  Poppleford,  Otter  ton,  Rock- 
beare,  Sowton,  and  Woodbury,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Honiton,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ax- 
minster,  Budleigh  Salterton,  Exmouth,  Ottery  St. 
Mary,  Seaton,  and  Sidmouth. 

SOUTH  MOLTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Crediton,  Okehampton,  South 
Molton,  and  Torrington,  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Great  Torrington,  Okehampton  and  South  Molton, 
and  the  urban  district  of  Crediton. 

TAVTSTOCK.  • 

The  rural  districts  of  Broadwoodwidger,  Plymp- 
ton  St.  Mary,  and  Tavistock,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Holsworthy  which  is  within  the  adminis- 
trative county  of  Devon,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Holsworthy,  Ivybridge,  and  Tavistock. 


494.  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

TlVERTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Oulmstock  and  Tiverton,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Newton  Abbot  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parish  of  West  Dawlish,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  St.  Thomas  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Honiton  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Tiverton,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Bampton  and  Dawlish. 

TORQUAY. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Newton  Abbot 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Cockington 
and  Stokeinteignhead,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Totnes  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Churston  Ferrers,  Kingswear,  Marldon,  and  Stoke 
Gabriel,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Dartmouth  and 
Torquay,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Brixham  and 
Paignton. 

TOTNES. 

The  rural  district  of  Kingsbridge,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Newton  Abbott  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Tiverton  and  Torquay  Divisions,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Totnes  which  is  not 
included  in  the  Torquay  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Totnes,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ash- 
burton,  Buckfastleigh,  Kingsbridge,  Newton  Abbot, 
Salcombe,  and  Teignmouth. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DORSET. 

• 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Dorset. 

Toi«l  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 
Pour. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  495 


(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

es  of  Divisio 
\mentary  Co. 

EASTERN. 


Names  of  Divisions  .of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


The  rural  district  of  Poole,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Wimborne  and  Cranborne  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Aimer,  Chalbury,  Colehill, 
Corfe  Mullen,  Hampreston,  Hinton  Martell,  Hinton 
Parva,  Holt,  More  Critchel,  Pamphill,  Shapwick, 
Sturminster  Marshall,  West  Parley,  and  Witchamp- 
ton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Poole,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Wimborne  Minster. 

NORTHERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Blandford,  Shaftesbury,  Sher- 
borne,  and  Sturminster,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Wimborne  and  Cranborne  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Eastern  Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Blandford  Forum  and  Shaftesbury,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Sherborne. 

SOUTHERN. 

The  rural  district  of  Wareham  and  Purbeck,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Weymouth  which  is  not 
included  in  the  Western  Division,  the  municipal 
boroughs  of  Wareham  and  Weymouth  and  Mel- 
combe  Regis,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Portland 
and  Swanage. 

WESTERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Beaminster,  Bridport,  Cerne 
and  Dorchester,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Weymouth  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Abbotsbury,  Langton  Herring  and  Portisham,  and 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Bridport,  Dorchester,  and 
Lyme  Regis. 


496  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— -continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DURHAM. 

'Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Durham   exclusive  of  the  parts 
thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  (Bounty. 

Eleven. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BARNARD  CASTLE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Barnard  Castle  and  Wear- 
dale,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Auckland 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Hamsteiiey 
and  South  Bedburn,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Lanchester  which  is  not  included  in  the  Consett 
and  Spennymoor  Divisions,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Barnard  Castle  and  Stanhope. 

BISHOP  AUCKLAND. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Auckland  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Barnard  Castle  and  Spenny- 
moor Divisions,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Bishop 
Auckland  and  Shildon. 

BLAYDON. 

The  urban  districts  of  Blaydon,  Eyton,  Tanfield, 
and  Whickham . 

CHESTER-LE-STREET  . 

The  rural  district  of  Chester-le-Street,  and  the 
urban  district  of  Chester-le-Street. 

CONSETT. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Lanchester  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Craghead,  Ebch es- 
ter, Healeyfield,  Knitsley,  and  Medomsley,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Annfield  Plain,  Benfieldside,  Con- 
sett,  Leadgate,  and  Stanley. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  497 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

DURHAM. 

The  rural  district  of  Durham  (except  the  civil 
parish  of  Brancepeth),  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Houghton-le-Spring  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  East  Eainton,  Great  Eppleton,  Little 
Eppleton,  Moor  House,  Moorsley,  and  West  Kain- 
ton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Durham,  and  the 
urban  district  of  Hetton. 

HOUGHTON-LE-SPRING . 

The  rural  districts  of  South  Shields  and  Sunder- 
land,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Houghton-le- 
Spring  which  is  not  included  in  the  Durham  Divi- 
sion, and  the  urban  district  of  Houghton-le-Spring. 

J  ARROW. 

The  municipal  borough  of  Jarrow,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Felling  and  Hebburn. 

SEAHAM  . 

The  rural  district  .of  Easington,  and  the  urban  dis- 
trict of  Seaham  Harbour. 

SEDGEFIELD  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Darlington,  Hartlepool, 
Sedgefield,  and  Stockton. 

SPENNYMOOR. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Auckland  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Helmington  Row, 
Hunwick  and  Helmington,  and  North  Bedburn,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Durham  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parish  of  Brancepeth,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  Lanchester  which  consists  of 
the  civil  parish  of  Hedleyhope,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Brandon  and  Byshottles,  Crook,  Spenn\  - 
moor,  Tow  Law,  and  Wellington. 

F.  32 


498     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ESSEX. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Essex  exclusive  of  the  parts  thereof 
comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 
Eight. 

Names  of  Divisiom  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CHELMSFORD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Chelmsford  and  Ongar,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Billericay  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Hutton,  Ingrave, 
Mountnessing,  Shenfield,  and  South  Weald,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Chelmsford,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Brentwood. 

COLCHESTER. 

The  rural  district  of  Lexden  and  Winstree  (except 
the  detached  part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Inworth 
which  is  wholly  surrounded  by  the  civil  parishes 
of  Great  Braxted  and  Kelvedon),  and  the  municipal 
borough  of  Colchester. 

EPPING. 

:The  rural  district  of  Epjnng,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Buckhurst  Hill,  Chingford,  Epping, 
Loughton,  Waltham  Holy  Cross,  Wanstead,  and 
.Woodford. 

HARWICH. 

The  rural  district  of  Tendring,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Harwich,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Brightlingsea,  Clacton,  Frinton-on-Sea,  Walton- 
on-the-Naze,  and  Wivenhoe. 

MALDON. 

The  rural  district  of  Braintree  (with  the  detached 
part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Inworth  which  is  wholly 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  499 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

surrounded  by  the  civil  parishes  of  Great  Braxted 
and  Kelvedon),  the  rural  district  of  Maldon,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Maldon,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Braintree,  Burnham-on-Crouch,  and 
Witham. 

BOMFORD. 

The  rural  district  of  Romford,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Barking  Town  and  Romford. 

SAFFRON  WALDEN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Belchamp,  Bumpstead,  Dun- 
mow,  Halstead,  Saffron  Walden,  and  Stansted,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Saffron  Walden,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Halstead. 

SOUTH-EASTERN  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Orsett  and  Rochf  ord,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Billericay  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Chelmsford  Division,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Grays  Thurrock,  Shoeburyness,  and 
Tilbury. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

GLOUCESTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County, 

The  administrative  county  of  Gloucester  exclusive  of   the    parts 
thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of  Cheltenham. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Co.unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ClRENCESTER   AND    TEWKESBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Campden,  Cirencester,  Mars- 
ton  Sicca,  Northleach,  and  Pebworth,  the  part  of 
each  of  the  rural  districts  of  Faringdon,  Stow-on- 


500      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

the-Wold,  Tctbury,  Tewkesbury,  and  Winchcomb 
which  is  within  the  administrative  county  of  Glou- 
cester, the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Cheltenham 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Prestbury, 
Swindon,  and  Uckington,  the  municipal  borough 
of  Tewkesbury,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ciren- 
cester,  Stow-on-the-Wold,  and  Tetbury. 

FOREST  OF  DEAN. 

The  rural  distri  t«  of  East  Dean  and  united  parishes, 
Lydney,  Newent,  and  "West  Dean,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Gloucester  which  consists  of  the 
civil  parishes  of  Ashleworth,  Highnam  Over  and 
Linton,  Lassington,  and  Maisemore,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Awre,  Coleford,  Newnham,  and  West- 
bury-on-Severn. 

STROUD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Dursley,  Stroud,  and 
Wheatenhurst,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Cheltenham  which  is  not  included  in  the  Ciren- 
cester  and  Tewkesbury  Division,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Gloucester  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Forest  of  Dean  Division,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Nailsworth  and  Stroud. 

THORNBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Chipping  Sodbury,  Thorn- 
bury,  and  Warmley,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Kingswood . 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

HANTS. 

Oontents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Southampton,  exclusive  of  the  parts 
thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of  South- 
ampton . 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  501 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Six. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Coynty.  Contents  &r  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ALDERSHOT. 

The  rural  district  of  Hartley  Wintney,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Aldershot,  Farnborough,  and 
Fleet. 

BASINGSTOKE  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Andover,  Basingstoke,  Kings- 
clere,  Stockbridge,  and  Whitchurch,  and  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Andover  and  Basingstoke. 

FAREHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Fareham  and  Havant,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Fareham,  Gosport  and  Alver- 
stoke,  Havant,  and  Warblington. 

NEW  FOREST  AND  CHRISTCHURCH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Christcliurcli,  Fordingbridge, 
Lymington,  New  Forest,  Ringwood,  and  Romsey, 
and  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Christchurch, 
Lymington,  and  Romsey. 

PETERSFIELD  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Alresford,  Alton,  Gathering- 
ton,  Droxford,  and  Petersfield,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Alton  and  Petersfield. 

WINCHESTER. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hursley  and  Winchester,  the 
rural  district  of  South  Stoneham  (except  the  civil 
parish  of  Bittern c),  the  municipal  borough  of  Win- 
chester, and  the  urban  district  of  Eastleigh  and 
Bishopstoke. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

HEREFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Hereford. 


502      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two, 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

HEREFOKD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Dore,  Boss,  and  Whitchurch, 
the  part  of  each  of  the  rural  districts  of  Hereford 
and  Ledbuiy  which  is  not  included  in  the  Leo- 
minster  Division,  the  municipal  borough  of  Here- 
ford, and  the  urban  districts  of  Ledbury  and  Ross. 

LEOMINSTER. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bredwardine,  Bromyard, 
Kington,  Leominster,  Weobley,  and  Wigmore,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Hereford  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Bartestree,  Breinton,  Burg- 
hill,  Credenhill,  Dinmore,  Holmer,  Kenchester, 
Lugwardine,  Harden,  Moreton-on-Lugg,  Pipe  and 
Lyde,  Preston  Wynne,  Stretton  Sugwas,  Sutton, 
Wellington,  Westhide,  Weston  Beggard,  and  With- 
ington,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Ledbury 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ashperton, 
Bosbury,  Canon  Frome,  Castle  Prome,  Coddington, 
Colwall,  Egleton,  Mathon  Rural,  Munsley,  Pixley, 
Stretton  Grandison,  Tarrington,  and  Yarkhill,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Leominster,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Bromyard  and  Kington. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

HERTFORD, 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Hertford. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Five. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  503 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

HEMEL  HEMPSTED. 

The  rural  districts  of  Berkhampstead  and  Hemel 
Hempstead,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  St. 
Albans  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Har- 
penden  Rural,  Redbourn,  and  Wheathampetead,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Watford  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Abbots  Langley  and  Sarratt, 
the  municipal  borough  of  Hemel  Hemps  ted,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Great  Berkhampstead,  Harpen- 
den,  and  Tring. 

HERTFORD  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Hadham  and  Ware,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  Hertford  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Hitchin  Division,  the  municipal  borough  of 
Hertford,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Bishops  Stort- 
ford,  Cheshunt,  Hoddesdon,  Sawbridge worth,  and 
Ware. 

HITCHIN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Ashwell,  Buntingford, 
Hitchin,  and  Welwyn,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Hertford  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Aston,  Bennington,  Datchworth,  Sacombe,  Wai- 
kern,  and  Watton  at  Stone,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Baldock,  Hitchin,  Royston,  and  Stevenage. 

ST.  ALBANS. 

The  rural  districts  of  Barnet  and  Hatfield,  the  part 

•  of  the  rural  district  of  St.  Albans  which  is  not  in- 

cluded in  the  Hemel  Hempsted  Division,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  St.  Albans,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Barnet  and  East  Barnet  Valley. 

WATFORD. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Watford  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Hemel  Hempsted  Division, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Bushey,  Chorleywood, 
Rickmansworth,  and  Watford. 


504      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(.1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

HOLLAND  WITH  BOSTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Comity. 

The  administrative  county  of  the  Parts  of  Holland. 

Total  number  of  Members  fo'r  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


of  Parliamentary  County. 

HUNTINGDON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 
The  administrative  county  of  Huntingdon. 

Total  number  O'f  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  w  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ISLE  OF  ELY. 

\Oontents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  the  Isle  of  Ely. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  505 

(1)  ENGLAND,,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ISLE  OF  WIGHT. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

Total  number  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  oj  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  Co,unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

KENT. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Kent  (exclusive  of  the  parts  thereof 
comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs)  and  the  county  borough 
of  Canterbury. 

Total  number  of  Members  f&r  Parliamentary  County. 

Eleven. 

Name*  of  Divisions  of 
Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ASHFORD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Cranbrook,  East  Ashford, 
Romney  Marsh,  Tenterden,  and  West  Ashford,  the 
municipal  boroughs  of  Lydd,  New  Romney,  and 
Tenterden,  and  the  urban  district  of  Ashford. 

CANTERBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bridge  and  Elham,  the  rural 
district  of  Blean  (with  the  detached  parts  of  the 
civil  parishes  of  Dunkirk  and  Hernhill  which  are 
wholly  surrounded  by  that  rural  district),  the  county 
borough  of  Canterbury,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Herne  Bay  and  Whitstable. 


506      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued*. 

CHISLEHURST. 

The  rural  district  of  Bromley,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Dartford  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Dartford  Division,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Chislehurst  and  Foots  Cray. 

DARTFORD  . 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Dartford  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Crayford,  Stone,  and 
Swanscombe,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Bexley, 
Dartford;  and  Erith. 

DOVER. 

The  rural  districts  of  Dover  and  Eastry,  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Deal  and  Dover,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Walmer. 

PAVERSHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Milton  and  Sheppey,  the 
rural .  district  of  Faversham  (except  the  detached 
parts  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Dunkirk  and  Hern- 
hill  which  are  wholly  surrounded  by  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Blean),  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Faver- 
sham and  Queenbo rough,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Milton  Regis,  Sheerness,  and  Sittingbotirne. 

GRAVESEND. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hoo  and  Strood,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Gravesend,  and  the  urban  dis- 
trict of  Northfleet. 

ISLE  OF  THANET. 

The  rural  district  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Margate,  Ramsgate,  and  Sand- 
wich, and  the  urban  district  of  Broadstairs  and  St. 
Peters. 

MAIDSTONE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hollingbourne  and  Maid- 
stone,  and  the  municipal  borough  of  Maidstone. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  507 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

SEVENOAKS. 

The  rural  districts  of  Mailing  and  Sevenoaks,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Sevenoaks  and  Wrotham. 

TONBRIDGE. 

The  rural  district  of  Tonbridge,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Tunbridge  Wells,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Southborough  and  Tonbridge. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

PARTS  OF  KESTEVEN,  AND  RUTLAND. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  the  Parts  of  Kesteven  (exclusive  of 
the  part  thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Lincoln),  and  the  administrative  county  of  Rutland. 

Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Ctotmty. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Cpiunty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

GRANTHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Branston,  Claypole,  and  Slea- 
ford,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Grantham 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ancaster, 
Barrowby,  Belton,  Carlton  Scroop,  Groat  Goner  by, 
Harrowby  Without,  Heydour,  Honington,  Hough- 
on-the-Hill,  Londonthorpe,  Manthorpe,  Norman- 
ton,  Welby,  and  the  detached  part  of  the  civil  parish 
of  Spittlegato  Without  which  is  wholly  surrounded 
by  the  municipal  borough  of  Grantham ,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Grantham,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Ruskington  and  Sleaford. 

RUTLAND  AND  STAMFORD. 

The  whole  of  the  administrative  county  of  Rutland, 
the  rural  districts  of  Bourne  and  Uffington,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Grantham  which  is  not  in- 


508      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

^1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

eluded  in  the  Grantham  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Stamford,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Bourne. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

LANCASTER. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Lancaster  exclusive  of  the  parts 
thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oo-unty. 

Eighteen . 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oo-unty .  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CHORLEY. 

The  rural  district  of  Chorley,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Wigan  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Haigh,  Parbold,  Worthington,  and  Wrighting- 
ton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Chorley,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Adlington,  Croston,  Leyland,  and 
Withnell. 

CLITHEROE. 

The  rural  district  of  Burnley  (except  the  detached 
part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Foulridge  which  is  in- 
cluded in  the  parliamentary  borough  of  Nelson  and 
Colne),  the  rural  district  of  Clitheroe,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Clitheroe,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Great  Harwood  and  Padiham. 

DA  R  WEN. 

The  rural  district  of  Blackburn,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Darwen,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Turton. 

PARN  WORTH. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Barton-upon 
Irwell  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish  of  Clifton, 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  009 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bury  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ainsworth  and  Out- 
wood,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Famworth,  Kears- 
ley,  Little  Hulton,  Little  Lever,  and  Worsley. 

FYLDE. 

The  rural  district  of  Fylde  (except  the  part  of  the 
civil  parish  of  Carleton  which  is  included  in  the 
parliamentary  borough  of  Blackpool),  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Preston,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Fleet- 
wood,  Kirkham,  Longridge,  Poulton-le- Fylde, 
Thornton,  and  Walton-le-Dale. 

HEYWOOD  AND  RADCLIFFE. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Bury  which  is  not 
included  in  the  Famworth  Division,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Hey  wood,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Radcliffe,  Harnsbottom,  and  Whitefield. 

INCE. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wigan  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parish  of  Shevington,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Abram,  Ashton-in-Makerfield,  Billinge, 
Ince-in-Makerfield,  Orrell,  .and  Standish-with 
Langtree . 

LANCASTER. 

The  rural  district  of  Garstang,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Lancaster  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Lonsdale  Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Lan- 
caster and  Morecambe,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Heysham  and  Preesall. 

LONSDALE . 

The  rural  districts  of  Lunesdale  and  Ulverston,  the 
detached  part  pf  the  rural  district  of  Lancaster  which 
is  situated  north  of  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Lan- 
caster and  Morecambe,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Carnforth,  Dalton-in-Furness,  Grange,  and  Ulver- 
ston. 


510      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

MlDDLETON   AND    PnESTWICH. 

The  municipal  borough  of  Middleton,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Chadderton  and  Prestwich. 

MOSSLEY. 

The  rural  district  of  Limehurst,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Mossley,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Audenshaw,  Denton,  Droylsden,  Failsworth,  and 

Lees. 

NEWTON. 

The  rural  district  of  Warrington,  the  rural  district 
of  Leigh  (except  the  civil  parish  of  Astley),  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Golborne,  Haydock,  and 
Newton -in-Makerfield . 

ORMSKIRK. 

The  rural  districts  of  Sefton  and  West  Lancashire, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wigan  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parish  of  Dalton,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Eormby,  Lathom-with-Burscough, 
Ormskirk,  Rainford,  Skelmersdale,  and  Upholland. 

ROYTON. 

The  urban  districts  of  Crompton,  Littleborough, 
Milnrow,  Norden,  Royton,  Wardle,  and  Whitworth. 

STRETFORD . 

The  rural  district  of  Barton -upon-Irwell  (except 
the  civil  parish  of  Clifton),  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Leigh  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish 
of  Astley,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Irlam,  Stret- 
ford,  and  Urmston. 

WATERLOO. 

The  urban  districts  of  Great  Crosby,  Litherland, 
Little  Crosby,  and  Waterloo-with-Seaforth. 

WESTHOUGHTON  . 

The  urban  districts  of  Aspull,  Blackrod.  Hindley, 
Horwich,  and  Westhoughton. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  511 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

WIDNES. 

The  rural  district  of  Whiston,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Widnes,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Huytxm-with-Koby  and  Prescot. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

LEICESTEB. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Leicester. 

Total  n\umber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  'Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BOSWORTH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hinckley  and  Market  Bos- 
worth,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Ashby-de- 
la-Zouch  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish  of 
Bardon,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Coalville  and 
Hinckley. 
HARBOROUGH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Blaby,  Hallaton,  Lutter- 
worth,  and  Market  Harborough,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Market  Harborough,  Oadby,  and  Wigston 
Magna. 

LOUGHBO  ROUGH . 

The  rural  districts  of  Castle  Donington  and  Lough- 
borough,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Ashby-de- 
la-Zouch  which  is  not  included  in  the  Bosworth 
Division,  the  municipal  borough  of  Loughborough, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Ashby-de-la-r-Zouch, 
Ashby  Woulds,  and  Shepshed . 
MELTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Barrow-upon-Soar,  Belvoir, 
Billesdon,  and  Melton  Mowbray,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Melton  Mowbray,  Quorndon,  and  Thur- 
maston . 


512  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Co\unty. 

PARTS  OF  LINDSEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  the  parts  of  Lindsey  exclusive  of  the 
part  thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Grimsby. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County,  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BRIGG. 

The  rural  district  of  Glanford  Brigg,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Barton-upon-Humber,  Brigg,  Brough- 
ton,  Brumby  and  Frodingham,  Roxby-cum-Risby, 
Scunthorpe,  and  Winterton. 
GAINSBOROUGH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Gainsborough,  Isle  of  Ax- 
holme,  and  Welton,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Crowle  and  Gainsborough . 

HORNCASTLE . 

The  rural  districts  of  Horncastle,  Sibsey,  and 
Spilsby,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Alford,  Horn- 
castle,  Skegness,  and  Woodhall  Spa. 

LOUTH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Caistor,  Grimsby,  and  Louth, 
the  municipal  borough  of  Louth,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Mablethorpe  and  Market  Rasen. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County, 

MIDDLESEX. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Middlesex  exclusive  of  the  parts 
thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  *  513 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Total  vwimber  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Ten. 

Names  k>f  Division^  otf 

Parliamentary  (?p\unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ACTON  . 

The  urban  district  of  Acton. 

BRENTFORD  AND  CHISWICK. 

The  urban  districts  of  Brentford  and  Chiswick. 

ENFIELD  . 

The  rural  district  of  South  Mimms  and  the  urban 
district  of  Enfield. 

FlNCHLEY. 

The  urban  districts  of  Finchley  and  Friern  Barnet. 

HARROW. 

The  urban  districts  of  Greenf  ord,  Hanwell,  Harrow- 
on-the-Hill,  Wealdstone,  and  Wembley. 

HEN  DON. 

The  rural  district  of  Hendon,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Hendon  and  Kingsbury. 

SPELTHORNE  . 

The  rural  district  of  Staincs,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Feltham,  Hampton,  Hampton  Wick, 
Staines,  Sunbury-on-Thames,  and  Teddington. 

TWICKENHAM. 

The  urban  districts  of  Heston  and  Isleworth  and 
Twickenham . 

UXBRIDGE. 

The  rural  district  of  Uxbridge,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Hayes,  Ruislrp-Northwood,  Southall- 
Norwood,  Uxbridge,  and  Yiewsley. 

WOOD  GREEN. 

The  urban  districts  of  Southgate  and  Wood  Green. 

F.  33 


« 


514  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

'  (1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued'. 
Nfine  of  Parliamentary  County. 

NOBFOLK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Norfolk. 
Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Five. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EASTERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  East  and  West  Flegg,  Loddon 
and  Clavering,  St.  Faith's,  Smallburgh,  and  Bio- 
field  (including  the  area,  wholly  surrounded  by  the 
county  borough  of  Norwich,  in  which  stand  the 
shire  hall,  county  police  station  and  other  county 
buildings),  and  the  urban  district  of  North  Wals- 
ham. 

KING'S  LYNN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Docking,  Freebridge  Lynn, 
King's  Lynn,  and  Marshland  (except  the  civil 
parishes  of  Outwell  and  Upwell),  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Downham  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Wiggenhall  St.  Germans,  Wiggenhall 
St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  Wiggenhall  St.  Mary  Mag- 
dalen, and  Wiggenhall  St.  Peter,  the  municipal 
borough  of  King's  Lynn,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  New  Hunstanton  and  Walsoken. 

NORTHERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Aylsham,  Erpingham,  and 
Walsingham,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Cromer, 
Sheringham,  and  Wells. 

vSOTJTHERN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Depwade,  Forehoe,  Hcnstead, 
and  Wayland,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Thet- 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  515 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

ford  which  is  not  included  in  the  South- Western 
Division,  and  the  urban  district  of  Diss. 
SOUTH-WESTERN  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Mitford  and  Launditdi  and 
S  waff  ham,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Down- 
ham  which  is  not  included  in  the  King's  Lynn 
Division,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Marshland 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Outwell  and 
Up  well,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Thetford 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Cranwich, 
Feltwell.  Feltwell  Anchor,  Hockwold-cum- Wilton, 
Lynford,  Methwold,  Mundford,  Northwold,  Santon, 
Weeting  with  Bromehill,  and  West  Tofts,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Thetford,  and  the  urban  districte 
of  Downham  Market,  East  Dereham,  and  Swaff- 
ham . 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

NORTHAMPTON,  WITH  THE  SOKE  OF  PETER- 
BOEOUGH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co\unty. 

The  administrative  counties  of  Northampton  and  the  soke  of 
Peterborough. 

Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Coymty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

DAVENTRY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Brackley,  Crick,  Daventry, 
Hardingstone,  Middleton  Cheney,  Potterspury,  and 
Towcester,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  North- 
ampton which  is  not  included  in  the  Kettering 
Division,  and  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Brackley 
and  Daventry. 

33  (2) 


516  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

KETTERING. 

The  rural  districts  of  Brix worth,  Kettering,  and 
Oxendon,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  North-" 
amp  ton  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Great 
Billing,  Little  Billing,  and  Weston  Favell,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Desborough,  Kettering,  and  Both- 
well. 

PETERBOROUGH  . 

The  administrative  county  of  the  soke  of  Peter- 
borough, the  rural  districts  of  Easton-on-the-Hill 
and  Gretton,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Oundle 
which  is  within  the  administrative  county  of  North- 
ampton, that  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Thrapston 
which  is  within  the  administrative  county  of  North- 
ampton and  is  not  included  in  the  Wellingborough 
Division,  and  the  urban  district  of  Oundle. 

WELLINGBOROUGH  . 

The  rural  district  of  Wellingborough,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  Thrapston  which  consists  of 
the  civil  parishes  of  Chelveston-cum-Caldecott,  Har- 
grave,  and  Stanwick,  the  municipal  borough  of 
Higham  Ferrers,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Fine- 
don,  Irthlingborough,  Eaunds,  Rushden,  and  Wel- 
lingborough. 

;  Name  of  Parliamentary  O,o\unty. 

NOB THUMBEEL AND . 

(Contents  'of  Parliamentary  C<mnty. 

administrative  county  of  Northumberland  exclusive  of  the 
parts  thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  517 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oownty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BERWICK-UPON-.TWEED  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Alnwick,  Belford,  Glendale, 
Norham  and  Islandshires,  and  Eothbury,  with  the 
Fame  Islands,  the  municipal  borough  of  Berwick- 
upon- Tweed,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Alnwick, 
Amble,  and  Rothbury. 

HEXHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bellingham,  Haltwhistle,  and 
Hexham,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Castle 
Ward  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Bitch- 
field,  Black  Heddon,  Gapheaton,  Cheeseburn 
Grange,  East  Matfen,  Fenwick,  Harlow  Hill, 
Hawkwell,  Heugh,  Ingoe,  Kearsley,  Kirkheaton, 
Nesbitt,  Ouston,  Ryal,  Wallridge,  and  West  Mat- 
fen,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Hexham  and 
Prudhoe. 

WANSBECK. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Castle  Ward  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Hexham  Division,  the  rural 
district  of  Morpeth  (except  the  civil  parishes  of 
Hepscott,  Morpeth  Castle,  Newmineter,  and  Tran- 
well),  the  urban  districts  of  Cramlington,  Earsdon, 
Newbiggin-by-the-Sea,  Newburn,  Seaton  Delaval, 
Seghill,  and  Whitley  and  Monkseaton,  and  the  part 
of  the  administrative  county  of  Northumberland 
consisting  of  the  Moot  Hall  and  precincts  which 
is  wholly  surrounded  by  the  county  borough  of 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

NOTTINGHAM. 

(Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Nottingham. 


518     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Total  'mimber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Five. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BASSETLAW  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Blyth  and  Cuckney,  East 
Retford,  and  Misterton,  the  part  of  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  Skegby  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish 
of  Sookholrne,  the  municipal  borough  of  East  Ret- 
ford, and  the  urban  districts  of  Warsop  and 
Worksop. 

BROXTOWE. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Basford  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Rushcliffe  Division,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Arnold,  Eastwood,  Hucknall,  and 
Kirkby-in-Ashfield . 

MANSFIELD. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Skegby  which  is 
not.  included  in  the  Bassetlaw  Division,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Mansfield,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Huthwaite,  Mansfield  Woodhouse,  and  Sutton- 
in- Ash  field . 

NEWARK. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bingham,  Newark,  and 
Southwell,  and  the  municipal  borough  of  Newark. 

RUSHCLIFFE . 

The  rural  districts  of  Leake  and  Stapleford,  the 
rural  district  consisting  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Kingston-upon-Soar  and  Ratcliffe-upon-Soar,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Basford  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Awsworth,  Barton-in-Fabis, 
Bilborough,  Bradmore,  Bunny,  Burton  Joyce,  Clif- 
ton-with-Glapton,  Colwick,  Cossall,  Gamston, 
Gedling,  Gotham,  Nuthall,  Ruddington,  South 
Wilford,  Stoke  Bardolph,  Strelley,  Thrumpton, 
Trowell,  and  Wollaton,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Beeston,  Carlton,  and  West  Bridgford. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  519 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Coamty. 

OXFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co\unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Oxford. 

Total  nytmbpr  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  C&unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

B ANBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Banbury,  Chipping  Norton, 
Witney,  and  Woodstock,  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Banbury,  Chipping  Norton,  and  Woodstock,  and 
the  urban  district  of  Witney. 
HENLEY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bicester,  Crowmarsh,  Cul- 
hain,  Goring,  Headington,  Henley,  and  Thame,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Henley-on-Thames,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Bicester,  Thame,  and  Wheatley. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Cfmnty. 

SALOP. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co\unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Salop. 

Total  watmber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

Four. 

"Names  of  Divisions  &f 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions.  .      ;  \ 

LlJDLOW. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bridgnorth,  Burford,  Church 
Stretton,  Cleobury  Mortimer,  Clun,  Ludlow,  and 
Teme,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Bishop's  Castle, 
Bridgnorth,  and  Ludlow,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Church  Stretton. 


520  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

OSWESTRY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Drayton,  Ellesmere,  Oswestry, 
Wem,  and  Whitchurch,  the  municipal  borough  of 
Oswestry,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Ellesmere, 
Market  Drayton,  Wem,  and  Whitchurch. 

SHREWSBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Atcham  and  Chirbury,  and 
the  municipal  borough  of  Shrewsbury. 

THE  WREKIN. 

The  rural  districts  of  Newport,  Shifnal,  and  Wel- 
lington, the  municipal  borough  of  Wenlock,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Dawley,  Newport,  Oakengates, 
and  Wellington. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

SOMERSET. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Somerset. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Six. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oo<unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BRIDGWATER. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bridgwater  and  Williton,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Bridgwater,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Burnham-on-Sea,  Highbridge,  Mine- 
head,  and  Watchet. 

FROME. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bath,  Glutton,  and  Keyn- 
sham,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Frome  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Wells  Division,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Frome,  Midsomer  Norton,  and  Kad- 
stock. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  521 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

TAUNTON  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Dulverton,  Taunton,  and 
Wellington,  the  municipal  borough  of  Taunton,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Wellington  and  Wivelis- 
combe. 

WELLS. 

The  rural  districts  of  Shepton  Mallet,  Wells,  and 
"Wincanton,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Frome 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Cloford, 
Marston  Bigot,  Nunney,  Wanstrow,  Whatley,  and 
Witharn  Friary,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Glas- 
tonbury  and  Wells,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Shep- 
tori  Mallet  and  Street. 

WESTON-SUPER-MARE  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Axbridge  (with  Steep  Holme 
Island)  and  Long  Ashton,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Clevedon,  Portishead,  and  Weston-super-Mare. 

YKOVIL. 

The  rural  districts  of  Chard,  Langport,  and  Yeovil, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Chard  and  Yeovil,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Crewkerne  and  Ilminster. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

STAFFORD. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Stafford  (exclusive  of  the  parts 
thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs)  and  the  county 
borough  of  Burton-upon-Trent. 

Total  n-umber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Seven. 

yames  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BURTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Tutbury  and  Uttoxeter,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Stafford  which  consists 


522  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

of  the  detached  part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Colwich 
which  is  surrounded  by  the  civil  parishes  of  Blith- 
field  and  Colton,  the  county  borough  of  Burton- 
upon-Trent,  and  the  urban  district  of  Uttoxeter. 

CANNOCK. 

The  rural  district  of  Seisdon,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Cannock  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Bushbury,  Choslyn  Hay,  Essington, 
Great  Wyrley,  and  Hilton,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Walsall  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish 
of  Bentley,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Brownhills, 
Cannock,  and  Tettenhall. 

KlNGSWINFORD. 

:The  rural  district  of  Kingswinford,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Amblecote,  Brierley  Hill,  Quarry  Bank, 
and  Kowley  Regis. 
LEEK. 

The  rural  districts  of  Leek  and  Stoke-upon-Trent, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Biddulph,  Kidsgrove, 
Leek,  and  Smallthorne. 

LlCHFIELD. 

The  rural  district  of  Lichfield,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Tamworth  which  is  within  the  adminis- 
trative county  of  Stafford,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Walsall  which  is  not  included  in  the  Can- 
nock Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Lichfield 
and  Tamworth,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Perry 
Bar  and  Rugeley. 
STAFFORD . 

The  rural  district  of  Gnosall,  the  rural  district  con- 
sisting of  the  civil  parishes  of  Blymhill  and  Weston- 
under-Lizard,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Cannock  which  is  not  included  in  the  Cannock  Divi- 
sion, the  rural  district  of  Stafford  (except  the  afore- 
said detached  part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Colwich), 
and  the  municipal  borough  of  Stafford. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  523 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

STONE  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Blore  Heath,  Cheadle,  May- 
field,  Newcastle-under-Lyme,  and  Stone,  and  the 
urban  district  of  Stone. 

Natne  of  Parliamentary  County. 

EAST  SUFFOLK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co\itnty. 

The  administrative  county  of  East  Suffolk. 

Toted  n-iunber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  C&amty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EYE. 

The  rural  districts  of  East  Stow,  Hartismere,  and 
Hoxne,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Blything 
which  is  not  included  in  the  Lowestoft  Division, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Plomesgate  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Woodbridge  Division,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Eye,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Halesworth,  Leiston-cum-Sizewell,  Saxmund- 
harn,  and  Stowmarket. 

LOWESTOFT. 

The  rural  districts.of  Mutf ord  and  Lothingland  and 
Wangford,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Blything. 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Benacre,  Cove- 
hithe,  Easton  Bavents,  Frostenden,  Henstead,  Rey- 
don,  South  Cove,  and  Wrentham,  the  municipal 
boroughs  of  Beccles,  Lowestoft,  and  Southwold,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Bungay  and  Oulton  Broad. 

WOODBRIDGE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bosrnere  and  Claydon,  Sam- 
ford,  and  Woodbridge,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Plomesgate  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 


524  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

of  Blaxhall,  Butley,  Campsey  Ash,  Chillesford, 
Eyke,  Gedgrave,  Havergate  Island,  Iken,  Or  ford, 
Rendlesham,  Sudbourne,  Tunstall,  Wantisden,  and 
Wickham  Market,  the  municipal  borough  of  Alde- 
•burgh,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Pelixstowe  and 
Woodbridge. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WEST  SUFFOLK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  West  Suffolk. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BURY  ST.  EDMUNDS. 

The  rural  districts  of  Brandon,  Mildenhall,  and 
Thedwastre,  the  parts  of  the  rural  districts  of  Moul- 
ton  and  Thingoe  which  are  not  included  in  the 
Sudbury  Division,  the  municipal  borough  of  Bury 
St.  Edmunds,  and  the  urban  district  of  Newmarket. 

SUDBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Clare,  Cosford,  and  Melford, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Moulton  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Lidgate  and  Ousden, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Thingoe  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Bradfield  Combust, 
Bradfield  St.  Claire,  Bradfield  St.  George,  Brockley, 
Chedburgh,  Chevington,  Depden,  Great  Welne- 
tham,  Hargrave,  Hawstead,  Little  Welnetham, 
Rede,  Stanningfield,  and  Whepstead,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Sudbury,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Glemsford,  Hadleigh,  and  Haverhill. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  525 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

SURBEY. 

(Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co\unty. 

The  administrative  county  of  Surrey  exclusive  of  the  parts  thereof 
comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  n-.umber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Seven . 

Names  of  Divisions  o>f 

Parliamentary  (bounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CHERTSEY. 

The  rural  district  of  Chertsey,  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Chertsey,  East  and  West  Molesey,  Egham, 
Esher,  and  the  Dittons,  Walton-upon-Thames,  and 
Weybridge. 

EASTERN. 

The  rural  district  of  Godstone  and  the  urban  dis- 
tricts of  Caterham  and  Coulsdon  and  Purley. 

EPSOM. 

The  rural  district  of  Epsom,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Epsom,  Leathern  ead,  and  Sutton. 

EARN  HAM. 

The  rural  district  of  Farnham,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Guildford  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parish  of  Pirbright,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Farn- 
ham, Frimley,  Windlesham,  and  Woking. 

GUILDFOED. 

The  rural  district  of  Hambledon,  the  rural  district 
of  Guildford  (except  the  civil  parish  of  Pirbright), 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Guildford  and  God- 
aiming,  and  the  urban  district  of  Haslemere. 

MITCHAM. 

The  urban  districts  of  Beddington  and  Wellington, 
Carshalton,  and  Mitcham. 


526      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

REIGATE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Dorking  and  Reigate,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Reigate,  and  the  urban  dis- 
trict of  Dorking. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  Co.unty. 

EAST  SUSSEX. 

(Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  East  Sussex  (exclusive  of  the  part 
thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of  Brighton) 
and  the  county  borough  of  Eastbourne. 

Total  ^number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  (bounty. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EASTBOURNE. 

The  rural  district  of  Eastbourne,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Hailsham  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Arlington,  Chalvington,  Chiddingly, 
Hailsham,  Hellingly,  Laughton,  and  Ripe,  and  the 
county  borough  of  Eastbourne. 

EAST  GRINSTEAD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Cuckfield,  East  Grinstead, 
and  Uckfield,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Burgess 
Hill,  Cuckfield,  East  Grinstead,  Hayward's  Heath, 
and  Uckfield. 

LEWES. 

The  rural  districts  of  Chailey,  Newhaven,  and 
Steyning  East,  the  municipal  borough  of  Lewes, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Newhaven,  Portslade-by- 
Sea,  and  Seaford. 

RYE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Battle,  Hastings,  Rye,  and 
Ticehurst,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Hailsham  * 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  527 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— con  tinned. 

which  is  not  included  in  the  Eastbourne  Division, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Bexhill  and  Rye,  and 
the  urban  district  of  Battle. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WEST  SUSSEX. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  West  Sussex. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CHICHESTER. 

The  rural  districts  of  East  Preston,  Midhurst,  Pet- 
worth,  Westbourne,  and  Westhampnett,  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Arundel  and  Chiehester,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Bognor  and  Littlehampton. 

HORSHAM   AND   WORTHING. 

The  rural  districts  of  Horsham,  Steyning  West,  and 
Thakeham,  the  municipal  borough  of  Worthing, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Horsham,  Shoreham-by- 
Sea,  and  South  wick. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WARWICK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Warwick. 

Total  member  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Four. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NUN  EATON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Atherstone,  Coventry,  Foles- 
hill,  and  Nuneaton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Nun- 
eaton,  and  the  urban  district  of  Bulkington. 


528  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

EUGBY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Farnborough,  Monks  Kir  by  r 
Rugby,  and  Southam,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Brailes  which  is  not  included  in  the  Warwick  and 
Leamington  Division,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Stratford-on-Avon  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Charlcote,  Combrook,  Compton  Verney, 
Eating  ton,  Kineton,  Loxley,  Moreton  Morrell, 
Newbold  Pacey,  Wellesbourne  Hastings,  and 
Wellesbourne  Mountford,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Rugby. 

TAM  WORTH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Meriden  and  Solihull,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Tamworth  which  is  within 
the  administrative  county  of  Warwick,  and  the 
municipal  borough  of  Sutton  Coldfleld. 

WARWICK  AND  LEAMINGTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Alcester  and  Warwick,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Brailes  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Ilmington  and  Stretton-on- 
Fosse,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Stratford-on- 
Avon  which  is  not  included  in  the  Rugby  Division, 
the  municipal  boroughs  of  Royal  Leamington  Spa, 
Stratford-on-Avon,  and  Warwick,  and  the  urban 
district  of  Kenilworth. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WESTMORLAND. 

Oontents  'of  Parliamentary  County. 
The  administrative  county  of  Westmorland. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  C&unty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  529 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WILTS. 

C'ontents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Wilts. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Eive. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions.. 

CHIPPENHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Calne,  Chippenham,  and 
Malrnesbury,  the  rural  district  of  Cricklade  and 
Wootton  Bassett  (except  the  detached  part  of  the 
civil  parish  of  Lydiard  Tregoze  which  is  wholly 
surrounded  by  the  civil  parishes  of  Broad  Hinton 
and  Wroughton),  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Tetbury  which  is  within  the  administrative  county 
of  Wilts,  and  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Calne, 
Chippenham,  and  Malrnesbury. 

DEVIZES. 

The  rural  districts  of  Devizes,  Marlborough,  Pew- 
sey,  and  Eamsbury,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Highworth  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Bishopstone,  Chisledon,  Liddington,  Little 
Hinton,  Wanborough,  and  Wroughton,  the  afore- 
said detached  part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Lydiard 
Tregoze,  and  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Devizes 
and  Marlborough. 

SALISBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Amesbury,  Salisbury,  Tis- 
bury,  and  Wilton,  and  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Salisbury  and  Wilton. 

SWINDON. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Highworth  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Devizes  Division,  and    the 
municipal  borough  of  Swindon. 
F.  34 


530  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

WESTBURY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bradford-on-Avon,  Melks- 
ham,  Mere,  Warminster,  and  Westbury  and  Whor- 
wellsdown,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Bradford-on- 
Avon,  Melksham,  Trowbridge,  Warminster,  and 
Westbury. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

WORCESTER. 

C'ontents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Worcester. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Bounty. 

Pour. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BE  WDLEY . 

The  rural  districts  of  Hartley,  Rock,  Tenbury,  and 
Upton-upon-Severn,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  .Tewkesbury  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Chaceley  and  Pendock,  the  rural  district  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Rcdmarley  D'Abitot 
and  Staunton,  the  municipal  borough  of  Bewdley, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Malvern  and  Stourport. 
EVESHAM. 

The  rural  districts  of  Droitwich,  Evesham,  Pecken- 
ham,  Pershore,  and  Shipston-on-Stour,  the  parts  of 
the  rural  districts  of  Stow-on-the-Wold  and  Winch- 
comb  which  are  within  the  administrative  county 
of  Worcester,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Tewkesbury  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes 
of  Bredon,  Bredon's  Norton,  Conderton,  Overbury, 
and  Teddington,  and  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Droitwich  and  Evesham. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  531 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

KIDDERMINSTER  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Brornsgrove  and  Kidder- 
minster, the  municipal  borough  of  Kidderminster, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Bromsgrove,  North 
Bromsgrove,  and  Eedditch. 

STOURBRIDGE. 

The  rural  district  of  Halcsoweu,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Stourbridge,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Lye  and  Wollescote  and  Oldbury. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

YORK,  EAST  RIDING. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  York,  East  Riding. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BUCK  ROSE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bridlington,  Driffield,  Norton, 
and  Sherburn,  the  municipal  borough  of  Bridling- 
ton,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Filey,  Great  Driffield, 
and  Norton. 

HOLDERNESS. 

The  rural  districts  of  Patrington  and  Skirlaugh, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Beverley  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Howdenshire  Division,  the  part 
of  the  rural  district  of  Sculcoates  which  consists 
of  the  civil  parishes  of  Preston  and  Sutton,  the 
municipal  boroughs  of  Beverley  and  Hedon,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Cottingham,  Hornsea.  and 
Withernsea. 

34  (2) 


532      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(I)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

HOWDENSHIRE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Escrick,  Howden,  Pockling- 
ton,  and  Eiocall,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Beverley  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Brantingham,  Ellerker,  Elloughton-with-Brough, 
and  South  Cave,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Sculcoates  which  is  not  included  in  the  Holder- 
ness  Division,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Hessle  and 
Pocklington. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

YORK,  NORTH  RIDING. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  York,  North  Riding,  exclusive  of  the 
part  thereof  comprised  in  the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Stockton-on-Tees . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Pour. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  C'ounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CLEVELAND. 

The  rural  district  of  Middlesbrough,  the  part  of 
the  rural  district  of  Guisborough  which  is  not  in- 
cluded in  the  Scarborough  and  Whitby  Division, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Eston,  Guisborough,  Hin- 
derwell,  Loftus,  Redcar,  Saltburn-by-the-Sea,  and 
Skelton  and  Brotton. 

RICHMOND. 

The  rural  districts  of  Aysgarth,  Bedale,  Croft,  Ley- 
burn,  Northallerton,  Reeth,  Richmond,  Startforth, 
and  Stokesley,  the  municipal  borough  of  Richmond, 
and* the  urban  districts  of  Kirklington-cum-Ups- 
land,  Masham,  and  Northallerton. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  533 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

SCARBOROUGH  AND  WHITBY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Scarborough  and  Whitby,  the 
part  of  the  rural  district  of  Guisborough  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Commondale,  Danby, 
and  Westcrdale,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of 
Pickering  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of 
Allerston,  Ebberston,  Kingthorpe,  Levisham,  Lock- 
ton,  Marishes,  Newton,  Thornton  Dale,  and  .Wilton, 
the  municipal  borough  of  Scarborough,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Pickering,  Scalby,  and  Whitby. 

THIRSK  AND  M ALTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Easingwold,  Flaxton,  Helms- 
ley,  Kirkby  Moorside,  Malton,  Thirsk,  and  Wath, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Pickering  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Scarborough  and  Whitby  Divi- 
sion, and  the  urban  district  of  Malton. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

YORK,  WEST  RIDING. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

.The  administrative  county  of  York,  West  Riding,  exclusive  of  the 
parts  thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Nineteen . 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BARKSTON  ASH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bishopthorpe,  Selby,  Tad- 
caster,  and  Wetherby,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Great  Ouseburn  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Acomb,  H  essay,  Knapton,  Moor  Monk- 
ton,  Nether  Poppldxm,  Rufforth,  and  Upper  Pop- 
pleton,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Garforth  and 
Selby. 


534      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

COLNE  VALLEY. 

The  urban  districts  of.  Farnley  Tyas,  Golcar,  Holme, 
Holmfirth,  Honley,  Linthwaite,  Marsden,  Meltham, 
New  Mill,  Saddleworth,  Scammonden,  Slaith- 
waite,  South  Crosland,  Springhead,  and  Thurston- 
land . 

DONCASTER. 

The  municipal  borough  of  Doncaster,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Adwick-le-Street  and  Bentley- 
with-Arksey. 

DON  VALLEY. 

The  rural  districts  of  Doncaster  and  Thorne,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Mexborough  and  Tickhill. 

ELLAND. 

The  rural  district  of  Halifax  (except  the  civil  parish 
of  Norland),  the  municipal  borough  of  Brighouse, 
and  the  urban  districts  of  Clayton,  Elland,  Greet- 
lahd,  Hipperholme,  Queensbury,  Shelf,  Southow- 
ram,  and  Stainland. 

HEMSWORTH. 

The  rural  district  of  Hemsworth,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Barnsley  which  is  not  included  in 
the  Wentworth  Division,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Cud  worth  and  Roys  ton. 

KEIGHLEY. 

The  rural  district  of  Keighley,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Keighley,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Denholme,  Haworth,  Oakworth,  Oxenhope,  and 
Silsden . 

NORM  ANTON. 

The  urban  districts  of  Altofts,  Castleford,  Feather- 
stone,  Methley,  Norman  ton,  and  Whitwood. 

PENISTONE. 

The  rural  districts  of  Ponistone  and  Wortley,  and 
the  urban  districts  of  Clayton  West,  Denby  and 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Cumber-worth,  Gunthwaite  and  Ingbirchworth , 
Hoyland  Swaine,  Kirkburton,  Penistone,  Shelley, 
Shepley,  Skelmanthorpe,  Stocksbridge,  and  Thurl- 
stone . 

PONTEFRACT. 

The  rural  districts  of  Goole  and  Pontefract,  the 
municipal  borough  of  Pontefract,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Goole  and  Knottingley. 

PUDSEY  AND  OTLEY. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wharfedale  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Shipley  Division,  the  muni- 
cipal borough  of  Pudsey,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Burley-in-Wharfedale,  Calverley,  Farsley,  Hors- 
forth,  Ilkley,  Otley,  and  Rawdon. 

RIPON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Knaresborough,  Pateley 
Bridge,  an-d  Ripon,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Great  Ouseburn  which  is  not  included  in  the 
Barkston  Ash  Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of 
Harrogate  and  Ripon,  and  the  urban  district  of 
Knaresborough . 

ROTHER  VALLEY. 

The  rural  district  of  Kiveton  Park,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Rotherham  which  is  not  included 
in  the  Wentworth  Division,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Handsworth  and  Swinton. 

ROTHWELL. 

The  rural  districts  of  Hunslet  and  Wakefield,  and 
the   urban    districts  of  Ardsley    East   and    West, 
Emley,  Flockton,  Horbury,  Rothwell,  and  Stanley. 
SHIPLEY. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Wharfedale  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Esholt,  Hawks- 
worth,  and  Menston,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Baildon,  Bingley,  Guiseley,  Shipley,  and  Yeadon. 


53t)      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(1)  ENGLAND,  EXCLUDING  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

SKIPTON. 

The  rural  districts  of  Bowlaiid,  Sedbergh,  Settle, 
and  Skipton,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Barn  olds- 
wick,  Earby,  and  Skipton. 

SOWERBY. 

The  rural  district  of  Todmorden,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  of  Halifax  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parish  of  Norland,  the  municipal  borough  of  Tod- 
morden, and  the  urban  districts  of  Barkisland, 
Hebden  Bridge,  Luddenden  Foot,  Midgley, 
Mytholmroyd,  Rishworth,  Sowerby,  Sower  by 
Bridge,  and  Soyland. 

SPEN  VALLEY. 

The  urban  districts  of  Birkenshaw,  Birstal,  Drigh- 
lington,  Gildersome,  Heckmondwike,  Hunsworth, 
Kirkheaton,  Lepton,  Mirfield,  Spenborough,  and 
Whitley  Upper. 

WENT  WORTH. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Barnsley  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Billingley  and  Stain- 
borough,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Rother- 
ham  which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Bramp- 
ton  Bierlow  and  Wentworth,  and  the  urban  districts 
of  Bolton-upon-Dearne,  Dariield,  Dodworth,  Hoy- 
land  Nether,  Thurnscoe,  Wath-upon-Dearne, 
Wombwell,  and  Worsborough. 


(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ANGLESEY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Anglesey. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  537 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BRECON  AND  RADNOR. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  counties  of  Brecon  and  Radnor, 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


'Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CARDIGAN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Cardigan. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CARMARTHEN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Carmarthen 


538      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIBE— ^#ttfo'm*e$. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CAKMARTHEN  . 

The  rural  districts  of  Carmarthen,  Llandovery, 
Llanybyther,  Newcastle-in-Emlyn,  and  Whitland, 
the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Llandilofawr  which 
is  not  included  in  the  Llanelly  Division,  the  muni- 
cipal boroughs  of  Carmarthen,  Kid  welly,  and  Llan- 
dovery,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Llandilo  and 
Newcastle  Emlyn. 

LLA  NELLY. 

The  rural  district  of  Llanelly,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Llandilofawr  which  consists  of  the  civil 
parishes  of  Bettws,  Llandybie,  and  Quarter  Bach, 
and  the  part  of  the  civil  parish  of  Llandilo  Rural 
which  comprises  Ward  I.  of  that  parish  as  formed 
by  the  order  of  the  county  council  of  Carmarthen 
dated  the  23rd  day  of  October,  1894,  the  municipal 
borough  of  Llanelly,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Ammanford,  Burry  Port,  and  Owmamman. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CARNARVON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Carnarvon  exclusive  of  the  part 
thereof  comprised  in  the  Carnarvon  District  of  Boroughs  and 
inclusive  of  Bardsey  Island. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Oounty. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  539 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DENBIGH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Denbigh. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  (bounty. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

DENBIGH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Llangollen,  Llanrwst,  Llan- 
silin,  Buthin,  St.  Asaph  (Denbigh),  and  Uwchaled, 
the  rural  district  of  Glan  Conway  consisting  of  the 
civil  parishes  of  Llanelian  yn  Elios  and  Llansant- 
ffraid  Glan  Conway,  the  part  of  the  rural  district 
of  Chirk  which  is  not  included  in  the  Wrexham 
Division,  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Denbigh  and 
Ruthin,  and  the  urban  districts  of  Abergele  and 
Pensarn,  Colwyn  Bay  and  Colwyn,  Llangollen,  and 
Llanrwst. 

WREXHAM. 

The  rural  district  of  Wrexham,  the  part  of  the  rural 
district  of  Chirk  which  consists  of  the  civil  parish 
of  Chirk,  and  the  municipal  borough  of  Wrexham. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

FLINT. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Flint. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


540  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

GLAMORGAN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Glamorgan  exclusive  of  the  p&rte 
thereof  comprised  in  parliamentary  boroughs. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Seven. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ABERAVON. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Neath  which  con- 
sists of  the  civil  parishes  of  Baglan  Higher,  Bag- 
Ian  Lower,  Michaelston  Higher,  and  Michaelston 
Lower,  the  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Penybont 
which  consists  of  the  civil  parishes  of  Kenfig,  Pyle, 
Sker,  Tythegston  Higher,  and  Tythegston  Lower, 
the  municipal  borough  of  Aberavon,  and  the  urban 
districts  of  Briton  Ferry,  Glencorwg,  Margam,  and 
Porthcawl. 

CAERPHILLY. 

The  urban  districts  of  Caerphilly  and  Gelligaer. 
GOWER. 

The  rural  districts  of  Gower  and  Swansea,  and  the 

urban  district  of  Oysterrnouth. 

LLANDAFF  AND  BARRY. 

The  rural  district  of  Llandaff  and  Dinas  Powis,  and 
the  urban  district  of  Barry. 

NEATII. 

The  rural  district  of  Pontardawe,  the  part  of  the 
rural  district  .of  Neath  which  is  not  included  in 
the  Aberavon  Division,  and  the  municipal  borough 
of  Neath. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  541 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE — continued. 

OGMORE. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  Penybont  which  is 
not  included  in  the  Aberavon  Division,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Bridgend,  Maesteg,  and  Ogmore 
and  Garw. 

PONTYPRIDD. 

The  rural  districts  of  Cowbridge  and  Llantrisant 
and  Llantwitfardre,  the  municipal  borough  of  Cow- 
bridge,  and  the  urban  district  of  Pontypridd. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

MERIONETH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Merioneth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

MONMOUTH. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  administrative  county  of  Monmouth. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Five. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

ABERTILLERY. 

The  urban  districts  of  Abercarn,  Abertillery,  and 
Nantyglo  and  Blaina. 


542      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

BEDWELLTY. 

The  part  of  the  rural  district  of  St.  Mellons  which 
consists  of  the  civil  parish  of  Bogerstone,  and  the 
urban  districts  of  Bedwas  and  Machen,  Bedwellty, 
Mynyddislwyn,  and  Eisca. 

EBBW  VALE. 

The  urban  districts  of  Ebbw  Valo,  Bhymney,  and 
Tredegar. 

MONMOUTH. 

The  rural  districts  of  Abergavenny,  Chepstow, 
Magor,  Monmouth,  and  Pontypool,  the  rural  dis- 
trict of  St.  Mellons  (except  the  civil  parish  of 
Bogerstone),  the  municipal  boroughs  of  Aberga- 
venny and  Monmouth,  and  the  urban  districts  of 
Caerleon.  Chepstow,  and  Usk. 

PONTYPOOL  . 

The  urban  districts  of  Abersychan,  Blaenavon, 
Llanfrechfa  Upper,  Llantarnam,  Panteg,  and 
Pontypool. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

MONTGOMERY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 
The  administrative  county  of  Montgomery. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County . 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  Oounty.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

PEMBBOKE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 
The  administrative  county  of  Pembroke. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  543 

(2)  WALES  AND  MONMOUTHSHIRE— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Na/nes  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary.  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


(3)  SCOTLAND. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ABERDEEN  AND  KINCARDINE. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Aberdeen  and  Kincardine,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein  except  the  county  of  the  city  of  Aberdeen 
arid  the  burgh  of  Inverbervie. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County.    . 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CENTRAL. 

The  county  districts  of  Aberdeen,  Ellon,  Garioch, 
and  Huntly,  inclusive  of  the  burghs  of  Ellon, 
Inverurie,  Kintorc,  Old  Meldrum,  and  Huntly. 

EASTERN  . 

The  county  districts  of  Deer  and  Turriff,  inclusive 
of  all  burghs  situated  therein. 

KINCARDINE  AND  WESTERN. 

The  county  of  Kincardine,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein  except  the  burgh  of  Inverbervie  and 
that  portion  of  the  county  of  the  city  of  Aber- 
deen which  is  situated  within  the  said  county  of 
Kincardine,  together  with  the  county  districts  of 
Alford  and  Deeside,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated 
therein . 


544  REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  SCOTLAND— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ARGYLL. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Argyll,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Caunty. 

AYE  AND  BUTE. 

Contents  &f  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Ayr  and  Bute,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated 
therein  except  the  burghs  of  Ayr,  Ardrossan,  Irvino,  Prest- 
wick,  Saltcoats,  and  Troon. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BUTE  AND  NORTHERN. 

The  county  of  Bute,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situ- 
ated therein,  and  the  county  district  of  Northern 
Ayr,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein  except 
in  so  far  as  included  in  the  Ayr  District  of  Burghs. 

KlLMARNOCK. 

The  county  district  of  Kilmarnock,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein  except  in  so  far  as  included 
in  the  Ayr  District  of  Burghs. 
SOUTH  AYRSHIRE. 

The  county  districts  of  Ayr  and  Carrick,  inclusive 
of  all  burghs  situated  therein  except  in  so  far  as 
included  in  the  Ayr  District  of  Burgb 


is. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  545 

(3)  SCOTLAND— continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BANFF. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Banff,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

BERWICK  AND  HADDINGTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Berwick  and  Haddington,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Co-ntents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

CAITHNESS  AND  SUNDERLAND. 

Contents  o>f  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

The  counties  of  Caithness  and  Sunderland,  inclusive  of  all  burghf 

situated  therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Sotmdaries  of  Divisions. 


F.  35 


546      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

DUMBARTON. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Dumbarton,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein 
except  the  burghs  of  Dumbarton  and  Clydebank. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  Caunty. 

DUMFRIES. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Dumfries,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  number  oj  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

FIFE. 


Contents  &f  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Fife,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein  except 
the  burghs  of  Dunfermline,  Cowdenbeath,  Inverkeithing, 
Lochgelly,  Kirkcaldy,  Buckhaven  Methil  and  Innerleven, 
Burntisland,  Dysart,  and  Kinghorn. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  547 

(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EASTERN. 

The  Cupar  and  St.  Andrews  County  Districts,  in- 
clusive of  all  burghs  situated  therein,  together  with 
the  burgh  of  Leven  and  so  much  of  the  Kirkcaldy 
County  District  as  is  contained  within  the  extra- 
burghal  portion  of  the  parish  of  Scoonie  and  the 
parish  of  Kennoway. 

WESTERN  . 

The  Dunfermline  County  District,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein  except  in  so  far  as  in- 
cluded in  the  Dunfermline  District  of  Burghs, 
together  with  so  much  of  the  Kirkcaldy  County 
District,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein, 
as  is  included  neither  in  the  Eastern  Division  nor 
in  the  Dunfermline  and  Kirkcaldy  Districts  of 
Burghs. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

FORFAR. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Forfar,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein 
except  the  county  of  the  city  of  Dundee  and  the  burghs  of 
Montrose,  Arbroath,  Brechin,  and  Forfar. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Cvunty. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

35(2) 


548     REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

GALLOWAY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Kirkcudbright  and    Wigtown,   inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  number  o-f  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Diiiisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

INVERNESS  AND  BOSS  AND  CEOMAETY. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Inverness  and  Eoss  and  Cromarty,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  Dumber  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Three. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

INVERNESS. 

The  county  of  Inverness,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  except  in  so  far  as  contained  within 
the  Western  Isles  Division. 

Eoss  AND  CROMARTY. 

The  county  of  Eoss  and  Cromarty,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein,  except  in  so  far  as  con- 
tained within  the  Western  Isles  Division. 

WESTERN  ISLES. 

So  much  of  the  county  of  Eoss  and  Cromarty  as  is 
contained  within  the  Lews  County  District,  in- 
clusive of  the  burgh  of  Stornoway,  together  with 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  549 

(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

so  much  of  the  county  of  Inverness  as  is  contained 
within  the  Harris  County  District,  the  North  Uist 
County  District,  and  the  South  Uist  County  Dis- 
trict. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

LANARK. 

Contents  o>f  Parliamentary  County. 

The  county  of  Lanark,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein 
except  the  county  of  the  city  of  Glasgow  and  so  much  of  the 
burgh  of  Renfrew  as  is  contained  within  the  parish  of  Go  van. 

Total  number  o<f  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Seven. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

BOTHWELL. 

The  part  of  the  Middle  Ward  County  District 
which  is  contained  within  the  parishes  of  Old  Monk- 
land  and  Bothwell,  exclusive  of  all  burghs  or  pjor- 
tions  of  burghs  situated  therein. 

COATBRIDGE. 

The  burghs  of  Coatbridge  and  Airdrie. 

HAMILTON. 

The  burgh  of  Hamilton  and  the  part  of  the  Middle 
Ward  County  District  which  is  contained  within 
the  extra-burghai  portion  of  the  parish  of  Hamilton 
and  the  parish  of  Dalserf . 

LANARK. 

The  Upper  Ward  County  District,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein,  together  with  the  p&rt  of 
the  Middle  Ward  County  District  which  is  con- 
tained within  the  parishes  of  Avondale,  East  Kil- 
bride,  Glassford,  and  Stonehouse. 


550      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  SCOTLAND— continued. 

MOTHERWELL . 

The  burghs  of  Motherwell  and  Wishaw,  together 
with  the  part  of  the  Middle  Ward  County  Dis- 
trict which  is  contained  within  the  extra-burghal 
portion  of  the  parish  of  Dalziel. 
NORTHERN. 

The  parts  of  the  Lower  Ward  and  Middle  Ward 
County  Districts  Which  are  contained  within  the 
parishes  of  Glasgow,  Gadder,  New  Monkland, 
Shotts,  and  Cambusnethan,  exclusive  of  any  burghs 
or  portions  of  burghs  situated  therein. 

RUTHERGLEN. 

The  burgh  of  Rutherglen  and  the  parts  of  the 
Lower  Ward  and  Middle  Ward  County  Districts 
which  are  contained  within  the  (parishes  of  Car- 
munnock,  Cambuslang,  and  Blantyre,  and  the  extra- 
burghal  portion  of  the  parish  of  Eutherglen. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

LINLITHGOW. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ffhe  county  of  Linlithgow,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

MIDLOTHIAN  AND  PEEBLES. 

Contents  #/  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Midlothian  and  Peebles,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  except  the  county  of  the  city  of  Edinburgh 
and  the  burghs  of  Leith  and  Musselburgh. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  551 

(3)  SCOTLAND— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  Cvunty. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

NORTHERN. 

The  Calder  and  Suburban  County  Districts,  the 
burgh  of  Dalkeith,  and  that  part  of  the  Lasswade 
County  District  which  is  included  in  the  extra- 
burghal  portions  of  the  parishes  of  Dalkeith  and 
Inveresk. 

PEEBLES  AND  SOUTHERN. 

The  county  of  Peebles  with  all  the  burghs  situated 
therein,  and  the  Gala  Water  and  Lasswade  County 
Districts  of  Midlothian  (except  that  part  of  the 
latter  district  which  is  included  in  the  Northern 
Division  as  above)  with  all  burghs  situated  therein 
except  the  burghs  of  Dalkeith  and  Musselburgh. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

MORAY  AND  NAIRN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Elgin  and  Nairn,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated 

therein. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  -of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

ORKNEY  AND  ZETLAND. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The   counties    of   Orkney  and  Zetland,  inclusive   of   all   burghs 
situated  therein. 


552      REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Total  wimber  of  Members  -for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  C&unty. 

PERTH  AND  KINROSS. 

Contents  af  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Perth  and  Kinross,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated 

therein . 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

KINROSS  AND  WESTERN. 

The  county  of  Kinross,  inclusive  of  the  burgh  of 
Kinross,  together*  with  so  much  of  the  county  of 
Perth  as  is  contained  within  the  Central,  Highland 
and  Western  County  Districts,  inclusive  of  all 
burghs  situated  therein. 
PERTH. 

So  much  of  the  county  of  Perth  as  is  contained 
within  the  Eastern  or  Blairgowrie  and  Perth  County 
Districts,  inclusive  of  the  city  of  Perth  and  all 
burghs  situated  within  the  said  county  districts. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

RENFREW. 

Contents  o>f  Parliamentary  County. 

•The  county  of  Renfrew,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated  therein, 
except  the  burghs  of  Greenock  and  Paisley,  together  with  so 
much  of  the  burgh  of  Renfrew  as  is  contained  within  the 
parish  of  Govan  in  the  county  of  Lanark. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES.  553 

(3)  SCOTLAND— continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Diviaio-ns  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

EASTERN  . 

The  Upper  County  District,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  except  the  burghs  of  Paisley  and 
Johnstons,  together  with  so  much  of  the  burgh  of 
Renfrew  as  is  contained  within  the  parish  of  Govan 
in  the  county  of  Lanark. 

WESTERN  . 

The  Lower  County  District,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  except  the  burgh  of  Grecnock, 
together  with  the  burgh  of  Johnstone. 

Name  of  Parliamentary  C aunty. 

ROXBURGH  AND  SELKIRK. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  County. 

The  counties  of  Roxburgh  and  Selkirk,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 

situated  therein. 

Toted  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

One. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 


Name  of  Parliamentary  County. 

STIRLING  AND  CLACKMANNAN. 

Contents  of  Parliamentary  Co^unty. 

The  counties  of  Stirling  and  Clackmannan,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  except  the  burghs  of  Stirling,  Falkirk  and 
Grangemouth. 


554 


REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 


(3)  SCOTLAND — continued. 

Total  number  of  Members  for  Parliamentary  County. 

Two. 

Names  of  Divisions  of 

Parliamentary  County.  Contents  or  Boundaries  of  Divisions. 

CLACKMANNAN  AND  EASTERN. 

The  county  of  Clackmannan,  inclusive  of  all  burghs 
situated  therein,  together  with  the  Eastern  County 
District  of  the  county  of  Stirling,  exclusive  of  the 
burghs  of  Falkirk  and  Grangemouth. 

WESTERN. 

The  Central  and  Western  County  Districts  of  the 
county  of  Stirling,  inclusive  of  all  burghs  situated 
therein,  but  exclusive  of  the  burgh  of  Stirling. 


PART   III. 
UNIVERSITIES. 


Description  of  University  Constituency. 


England  and  "Wales  : — 

The  University  of  Oxford 

The  University  of  Cambridge    

The  University  of  London 

The  University  of  Wales    

The  University  of  Durham,  the  Victoria  University  of  Manches- 
ter, the  University  of  Liverpool,  the  University  of  Leeds, 
the  University  of  Sheffield,  the  University  of  Birmingham, 

and  the  University  of  Bristol  

Scotland  :— 

The  University  of  St.  Andrews,  the  University  of  Glasgow,  the 
University  of  Aberdeen,  and  the  University  of  Edinburgh. . 


Number  of 
Members. 


APPENDIX  I. 

ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL,  DIRECTIONS  OF 
LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD,  &c. 


[N,B, — For  further  Orders  in  Council,  published  too  late  to 
be  included  in  this  Appendix,  see  p.  747,  infra,  et  seq.~] 

No.  CONTENTS.  PAGE 

1.  Order  in    Council    prescribing    Forms    for    Registration 

Purposes  (R.  P.  4) 555 

2.  Directions  by  Local  Government  Board    to    Registration 

Officers  (R.  P.  2) 579 

3.  Memorandum  as  to  Franchises  sent  by  Local  Government 

Board  to  Registration  Officers  (R.  P.  6)  589 

4.  Memorandum  of  Instructions  by  Registration  Officers  to 

Overseers  (R.  P.  5)  597 

5.  Scale  of  Registration  Expenses  (Pt.  P.  8) 610 

6.  Order  in  Council  fixing  dates  (a)  in  connection  with  First 

Register  (R.  P.  3)    613 

7.  Registration  Officers  Order,  1918   615 

8.  Circular    Letter    from    Local    Government  Board   as  to 

Polling  Districts,  &c.  (R.  P.  1) 618 

9.  Circular  Letter  from  Local  Government  Board  to  Regis- 

tration Officers  dated  April  6th,  1918 620 

10.  Circular  Letter  from  Local  Government  Board  to  Regis- 

tration Officers  dated  April  10th,  1918  (R,  P.  12) 623 

11.  Order  in  Council  dated  March  22nd,  1918   626 

12.  Rules  by  Admiralty  defining  expression  '  *  afloat " 628 

13.  Circular  Letter  from  Local  Government  Board  to  Regis- 

tration Officers  dated  May  13th,  1918  (R.  P.  14) 628 

14.  Lists  of  Bodies  recognised  by  Admiralty,  Army  Council, 

and  Air  Council  as  doing  Work  of  National  Importance 
(R.  P.  7  andR.  P.  12) 635 

No,  1. 

OEDEE  IN  COUNCIL  PRESCRIBING  FORMS 
FOE  EEGISTEATION  PUEPOSES  (b). 

R.  P.  4. 

At  the  Court  at  Buckingham  Palace,  the  4th  day  of  March, 
1918. 

PRESENT, 

The  King's   Most  Excellent  Majesty  in    Council. 
WHEREAS  under  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918 
(hereinafter  referred   to  as   "  the  Act  "),   various   matters   are 
to  be  prescribed  by  His  Majesty  by  Order  in  Council: 

(a]  A  further  Order  iii  Council  has  been  substituted  for  the  Order  in 
Council  referred  to  above.     Such  further  order,  -which  has  been  published 
too  late  to  be  included  in  this  Appendix,  will  be  found  on  p.  747,  infra. 

(b)  See  ss.  13  (2)  and  5  (2),  pp.  133,  134,  and  77,  svpra. 


£56  APPENDIX  I. 

And  whereas  in  particular  provision  is  made  by  the  Act  as 
follows: — 

"  His  Majesty  may   by   Order  in    Council   proscribe   the 
forms  to  be  used  for  registration  purposes   and  any   foes 
to  be  taken  in  connection  therewith,   and   alter   the   rules, 
contained  in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act  for  the  pur- 
pose of  carrying  this  Act  into  full  effect  .   .   .   ."  (s.  13  (2)). 
"  The  statement  of  any  person,  made  in  the  prescribed  form 
and  verified  in  the  prescribed  manner,  that  he  would  have 
had  the  necessary  qualification  in  any  constituency  but  for 
the  service  which  brings  him  within  the  provisions  of  this 
section,  shall  for  all  purposes  of  this  section  be  sufficient 
if  there  is  no  evidence  to  the  contrary."     (s.  5  (2)). 
Now,  therefore,  His  Majesty  is  pleased,  by  and  with  the  advice 
of  His  Privy  Council,   to  order,   and  it  is  hereby  ordered,   as 
follows: — 

1.  The  forms  specified  in  the  Schedule  to  this  Order,  or  forms 
to  the  like  effect,  shall  be  used  in  the  cases  to  which  they  are 
expressed  to  be  applicable  and  shall  for  the  purposes  of  the  Act 
be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed  forms. 

2.  In  particular  the  forms  of  statement  as  therein  specified 
under  heading  V.  ("  Forms  of  statement  to  be  made  under  s.  5  (2) 
of  the  Act "),  or  forms  to  the  like  effect,  shall  be  deemed  to  be 
the  prescribed  forms  of  statement  that  a  person  would  have  had 
the  necessary  qualification  but  for  the  service  which  brings  him 
within  the  provisions  of  the  said  section,  and  shall  be  verified 
by  being  countersigned  by   an  officer   or   other   person   in   the 
manner  shown  on  the  forms. 

3.  This  Order  shall  not  apply  to  Scotland  or  Ireland. 

ALMERIC  FrrzRoy. 

SCHEDULE. 


FORMS. 

I.  FORMS  OF  INFORMATION  TO  BE  REQUIRED  FROM 
HOUSEHOLDERS,  OCCUPIERS,  OWNERS,  AGENTS, 
&c. 


FIRST  SCHEDULE,  RULE  35  (6). 

FORM    A    (HOUSEHOLDER    OR    OCCUPIER). 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

Particulars    required    from    Householder    or    Occupier    ~lnj    the 

Registration  Officer  for 

INSTRUCTIONS   FOR  FILLING  UP  THIS  FORM. 

(1)  You  will  enter  as  a  resident  any  person  who  is  ordinarily 
living  in  the  house,  whether  he  is  actually  present  there  on  a 
given  date  or  not. 

(2)  Generally  speaking,  the  person  to  be  entered  as  occupier 
is  the  person  who  pays  rent  in  respect  of  the  premises  or  land, 

(b)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  352,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS. 


557 


where  the  premises  or  land  are  let,   and   where  the  premises 
or  land  are  not  let,  the  owner  if  in  occupation. 

(3)  A  person  who  inhabits  a  dwelling  house  or  rooms  (with- 
out payment  of  rent),  by  virtue  of  any  office,  service  or  employ- 
ment, is  to  be  treated  as  an  occupier,  so  long  as  his  employer 
does  not  himself  inhabit  the  house  or  rooms. 

(4)  Lodgers  are  only  to  be  treated  as  occupiers  where  the 
lodgings  are  let  to  them  unfurnished. 

(5)  Where  land  .or  premises  are  occupied  by  a  partnership, 
or  otherwise  by  persons  as  joint  tenants,   all  the  members  of 
the  partnership   and   all   the  joint   tenants    should   be   entered, 
with  a  statement  that  they  occupy  as  members  of  a  partnership 
or  otherwise  as  joint  tenants. 

(6)  A  person  qualified  under  more  than  one  heading  should 
be  entered  under  each  of  those  headings. 

To  ,  Householder  [Occupier]  at 

You  are  required  to  give  information  on  the  following  points 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  Registration  Officer  in  compiling 
the  Parliamentary  and  Local  Government  registers. 

1.  For  the  purpose  of  the  PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE  (MEN). 
(a)  Information  as  to  men  who  are  resident  in  the  premises 
(occupier  to  be  included  if  resident;    men  under  21  not  to  be 
entered). 


Names. 


Surname. 


Other 

names  in 

full. 


State  whether  present  residence  commenced  I 

on  or  before,  or  after  *  19  i  Whether  a 


If  after,  give  addresses  (with  dates)  of 
previous  residences  since  that  date,  so  far 
as  known. 


British 
Subject. 


(b)  Information  as  to  men  (if  any)  who  are  occupiers  of  the 
premises  or  any  part  thereof  for  the  purpose  of  a  business, 
profession,  or  trade  (men  under  21  not  to  be  entered). 


i 

State  whether  present  occupa- 

Names. 

Other 
Surname.       names  in 

tion   of   the  premises  com- 
menced   on    or    before,    or 
after  *           19 
If    after,  give  addresses   (with 
dates)    of   previous   occupa- 
tion since  that  date  so  far 

Description 
of 
Business, 
Profession, 
or  Trade. 

Whether  a 
British 
Subject. 

full. 

as  known. 

First  day  of  qualifying  period. 


558 


APPENDIX  I. 


2.  For  the  purpose  of  the  PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE  (WOMEN). 

(a)  Information  as  to  women  over  thirty  years  of  age  who 
are  occupiers  of  the  premises  or  any  part  thereof  in  their  own 
right. 


Surname. 


Names.  ;  State    whether    present    occupation    of    the 

premises  commenced  on  before,  or  after  * 

19        . 

Other       ;  If    after,    give    addresses    (with    dates)    of 
names  in    !        previous  occupation  since  that  date  so  far 
full.  as  known. 


Whether  a 
British 
Subject. 


(b)  Information  as  to  married  women  over  thirty  years  of 
age  whose  husbands  are  occupiers  of  the  premises  or  any  part 
thereof. 


Names. 


Surname. 


Other 

names  in 

full. 


State  whether  the  husband's  occupation  of 

the  premises  commenced  on  or  before,  or 

after*  19 

If   after,    give  addresses    (with    dates)    of 

previous  occupation  since  that  date  so  far 

as  known. 


Whether  a 
British 
Subject. 


3,  For    the   purpose   of    the   LOCAL    GOVERNMENT    FRANCHISE 

(MEN). 

Information  as  to  men  who  are  occupiers  of  the  premises  or 
any  part  thereof  (men  under  21  not  to  be  entered). 


Names. 


Surname. 


Other 

names  in 

full. 


State   whether   present   occupation   of   the 

premises    commenced    on    or   before,    or  i  -.T^  ,.. 
after  *  19  Whether  a 


If  after,  give  addresses  (with  dates)  of 
previous  occupation  since  that  date  so  far 
as  knowa. 


British 
Subject. 


*  First  day  of  qualifying  period. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS. 


559 


4.  For    the   purpose    of    the   LOCAL    GOVERNMENT    FRANCHISE 

(WOMEN). 

(a)  Information  as  to  women  who  are  occupiers  of  the  pre- 
mises or  any  part  thereof  in  their  own  right  (women  under  21 
not  to  be  entered). 


Names. 


Surname. 


Other 

names  in 

full. 


State   whether   present   occupation   of   the 

premises   commenced   on   or   before,    or 

after  *  19 

If    after,    give    addresses    (with    dates)    of 

previous  occupation  since  that  date  so  far 

as  known. 


Whether  a 
British 
Subject. 


(b)  Information  as  to  married  women  over  thirty  years  of  age 
who  are  living  with  their  husbands  at  the  premises,  and  whose 
husbands  are  occupiers  of  the  premises  or  any  part  thereof. 


Nan 

Surname. 

aes.                  State  whether  the  husband's  occupation  of 
the  premises  commenced  on  or  before,  or 
after  *           19 
Other         If    after     give   addresses    (with  dates)    of 
names  in           previous  occupation  since  that  date  so  far 
full.               as  known. 

Whether  a 
British 
Subject. 

| 

5.  For  the  purpose  of  the  registration  of  NAVAL  OR  MILITARY 

VOTERS. 

Information  as  to  any  person  who  is — 
(a}  serving  in  His  Majesty's  Forces,  or 
(b)  serving  abroad  or   afloat  in  connection   with   the   war 
(i)  as  a  merchant  seaman,  pilot  or  fisherman;  or 
(ii)  in  some  other  capacity, 

and  who  would  have  been,  in  the  case  of  a  man  residing  on  or 
occupying,  or,  in  the  case  of  a  woman  occupying,  the  premises 
but  for  his  or  her  service. 

NOTE. — Only  men  over  19  and  women  over  30  to  be  entered. 


Names . 


Other- 
Surname,       names  in 
full. 


Male 

or 
Female. 


Description  of  service. 

fa)  If  in  the  Forces,  give  so 
far  as  known  regiment,  ship, 
number,  &c. 

(b)  If  not  in  the  Forces,  state  ! 
nature  of  service. 


*  First  day  of  qualifying  period. 


560 


APPENDIX  I. 


Other  information  required  by  the  registration  officer. 
(To  be  filled  in  by  registration  officer) . 


I  declare  that  the  particulars  given  in  this  return  are  true 
and  accurate  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 
Signature 
Date 

This  form  should  be  filled  up  without  delay,  and  if  not  pre- 
viously called  for  should  be  sent  by  post  within  days  from 
this  date  to  the  address  given  on  the  back. 

Signed  , 

Registration  Officer. 
Date 

N.B. — The  Eepresentation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  imposes  a 
penalty  in  the  case  of  failure  to  give  the  required  information 
and  in  the  case  of  false  information  being  given. 

POEM  B.     (OWNER,,  AGENT  OR  FACTOR.) 
EEPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

To  (Owner,  Agent  or  Factor.) 

For  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  registration  officer  in  com- 
piling the  parliamentary  and  local  government  registers  you  are 
required  to  give  the  undermentioned  information  in  respect  of 
each  person  who  occupies  separately  any  part  of  the  land  or 
premises  known  as 


Occupiers. 

Address  of 
land  or 
premises 
occupied.* 

State  whether 
dwelling  house,  or 
business  premises  or 
other  premises. 

Date  on  which 
occupation 
commenced. 

Surname. 

Other 
names  in 
full. 

*  In  the  case  of  numbered  flats,  offices,  &c.,  insert  the  number  of  the 
flat,  office,  &c.  In  the  case  of  unnumbered  flats,  offices,  &c.,  describe 
premises  occupied,  e.ff.,  2  rooms  1st  floor  ;  1  room  4th  floor,  &c. 


I  declare  that  the  particulars  given  in  this  return  are  true  and 
accurate  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 
Signature 

Date 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  561 

This  form  should  be  filled  up  without  delay,  and  if  not  pre- 
viously called  for  should  be  sent  by  post  within  days  from 
this  date  to  the  address  given  on  the  back. 

Signed 

Registration  Officer. 
Date 

N.B.— The  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  imposes 
a  penalty  in  the  case  of  failure  to  give  the  required  information 
and  in  the  case  of  false  information  being  given. 

FORM  0.    (HOUSEHOLDER,  OCCUPIER,  OWNER,  AGENT  OR  FACTOR.) 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

To 

For  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  registration  officer  in  com- 
piling the  parliamentary  and  local  government  registers  you  are 
required  to  give  supplemental  information  on  the  following 
particular  points : — 

Information  Required .  Answer . 


I  declare  that  the  information  given  in  this  return  is  true  and 
accurate  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 
Signature 

Date 

This  form  should  be  filled  up  without  delay,  and  if  not  pre- 
viously called  for  should  be  sent  by  post  within  days  from 
this  date  to  the  address  given  on  the  back. 

Signed 

Registration  Officer. 
Date 

N.B. — The  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  imposes 
a  penalty  in  the  case  of  failure  to  give  the  required  information 
and  in  the  case  of  false  information  being  given. 

F.  36 


562  APPENDIX  I. 

II.  POEMS  OF   CLAIM  TO  BE   REGISTERED. 


FIBST  SCHEDULE,  RULES  9  AND  10  (c). 

(1) 
MAN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  CLAIM   (RESIDENCE  QUALIFICATION)  ((?). 

To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

Claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  in  respect  of 
a  residence  qualification. 

I  hereby  declare  — 

(1)  that  I  claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
for  the  above  constituency  in  respect  of  residence  at* 

(2)  that  I  was  residing  at  the  qualifying  premises  on  thef 

day  of  last,  and  have  resided  at  the  qualifying  pre- 

mises during  the  whole  of  the  six  months  ending  on  the  said 
day$; 

(3)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one; 

(4)  that  I  am  a  British  subject. 

Signed  , 

Date 

NOTE.  —  Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address. 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 

1  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 


INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  RESIDENCE  (e). 

If  the  claimant's  residence  commenced  after  the§  day 

of  ,19  ,  paragraph  (2)  must  be  struck  out  and  the 

following  paragraph  filled  in  and  signed:  — 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  I  Tvas  residing  at  the  qualifying 

premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and  that  during  the 

six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  I  resided  as  follows:  —  from 

to  at  ,  from  to  at  , 

etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

§  Here  insert  first  day  of  qualifying  period. 
t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 


(c)  For  these  rules,  see  pp.  342—343,  supra, 
(<f)  See  pp.  9—24,  tttpra. 
(e)  See  pp.  23,  24,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  563 

0 

(2) 

MAN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  CLAIM  (BUSINESS  PREMISES 
QUALIFICATION)  (/). 

To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

Claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  in  respect  of 
a  business  premises  qualification. 

I  hereby  declare — 

(1)  that  I  claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
for  the  above  constituency  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  the 
following  business  premises* 

(2)  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying  premises  pn 
thef  day  of  last,  and  have  been  in  occupation  of 
them  during  the  whole  of  the  six  months  ending  on  the  said] 
day:}:; 

(3)  that  the   qualifying  premises   were  occupied  by   me   for 
the  purpose  of  my  business  [profession]  [trade]  as  and 
are  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  ten  pounds; 

(4)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one; 

(5)  that  I  iam  a  British  subject; 

(6)  that  I  reside  at§ 

Signed 
Date 

NOTE. — Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address  and  description  (e.g.  shop  at  ). 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 
%  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 

§  Here  insert  full  postal  address  of  residence  or,  if  claimant  has  no 
settled  residence,  of  place  to  which  communications  may  be  sent. 

INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION  (g}. 

If  the  claimant's  occupation  of  the  premises  commenced  after 
thej|  day  of  ,19  ,  paragraph  (2)  must  be 

struck  out  and  rthe  following  paragraph  filled  inland  signed: — 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying 
premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and  that  during 

the  six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  I  have  occupied  qualify- 
ing premises  for  the  purposes  of  my  business  [profession]  [trade] 
as  follows: — from  to  at  ,  from  to 

at  ,  etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

||  Here  insert  first  day  of  qualifying  period. 
t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 


(/)  See  pp.  24 — 37,  supra. 
(V)  See  p.  25,  supra. 

36  (2) 


564  APPENDIX  I. 

% 

(3) 
WOMAN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  CLAIM  (OWN  OCCUPATION)  (&). 

To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

Claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  in  respect  of 

own  occupation, 
I  hereby  declare— 

(1)  that  I  claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
for  the  above  constituency  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  the 
following  qualifying  premises* 

(2)  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying  premises  on 
thef  day  of  last,  and  have  been  in  occupation  of 
them  during  the  whole  of  the  six  months  ending  on  the  said 
dayi; 

(3)  that  the  annual  value  of  the  qualifying  premises  is  not 
less  than  five  pounds§; 

(4)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty; 

(5)  that  I  am  a  British  subject; 

(6)  that  I  reside  at|| 

Signed 
T)ate 

NOTE. — Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address  and  description  (e.g.,  land  at  , 

dwelling  house  at  ,  shop  at  ) . 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 

J  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 

§  Strike  out  this  paragraph  where  the  qualifying  premises  are  a  dwelling 
house. 

||  Here  insert  full  postal  address  of  residence  or,  if  claimant  has  no 
settled  residence,  of  place  to  which  communications  may  be  sent. 

INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION  (i). 

If  the  claimant's  occupation  of  the  premises  commenced  after 
the^f  day  of  ,19  ,  paragraph  (2)  must  be 

struck  out  and  the  following  paragraph  filled  in  and  signed: — 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying 
premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and  that  during  the 

six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  I  occupied  qualifying  pre- 
mises as  follows: — from  to  at  ,  from 
to               at             ,  etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

IT  Here  insert  first  day  of  qualifying  period. 
t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 


(/»)  See  pp.  88—72,  supra. 
(t)  See  p.  60,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  565 

(4) 

WOMAN'S  PARLIAMENTARY  CLAIM  (HUSBAND'S  OCCUPATION)  (A?). 
To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

Claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  in  respect  of 

husband's  occupation. 
"I  hereby  declare — 

(1)  that  I  claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
in  respect  of  the  occupation  by  my  husband  of  the  following 
qualifying  premises* 

(2)  that  my  husband  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying  pre- 
mises on  thef  day  of  last,  and  has  been  in  occupa- 
tion of  them  during  the  whole  of  the  six  months  ending  on  the 
saidday$; 

(3)  that  the  annual  value  of  the  qualifying  premises  is  not 
less  than  five  pounds§; 

(4)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty; 

(5)  that  I  am  a  British  subject; 

(6)  that  I  reside  atfl 

Signed 

Date 

NOTE. — Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address  and  description  (e.g.,  land  at  , 

dwelling  house  at  ,  shop  at  ). 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 

J  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 

§  Strike  out  this  paragraph  where  the  qualifying  premises  are  * 
dwelling  house. 

||  Here  insert  full  postal  address  of  residence  or,  if  the  claimant  has  no 
settled  residence,  of  place  to  which  communications  may  be  sent. 

INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION  (I}. 

If  the  husband's  occupation  of  the  premises  commenced  after 
the^[  day  of  ,  19  ,  paragraph  (2)  must  be 

struck  out  and  the  following  paragraph  filled  in  and  signed: — 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  my  husband  was  in  occupation  of 
the  qualifying  premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and 

that  during  the  six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  he  occupied 
qualify  ing  premises  as  follows: — from  to  at  , 

from  to  at  ,  etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

II  Here  insert  first  day  of  qualifying  period. 
t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 

(k)  See  pp.  68—72,  tupra. 
(t)  See  p.  60,  supra. 


666  APPENDIX  I. 

(5) 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  CLAIM  (ALL  CASES  EXCEPT  THAT  OP  A  WOMAN 
CLAIMING  IN  RESPECT  OF  HER  HUSBAND'S  QUALIFICATION)  (m). 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
Address 

Claim     to     be     registered    as    a     Local     Government     elector. 

I  hereby  declare — 

(1)  that  I  claim   to  be  registered   as   a  Local   Government; 
elector  for  all  local  government  elections  [except  local  government 
elections  for  ~\  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  the  follow- 
ing qualifying  premises* 

(2)  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying  premises  on 
thef  day  of  last,  and  have  been  in  occupation  of 
them  during  the  whole  period  of  six  months  ending  on  the  said 
day$; 

(3)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one; 

(4)  that  I  am   a  British  subject; 

(5)  that  I  reside  at§ 

Signed 

Date 

NOTE. — Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address  and  description  (e.g.,  land  at  , 

dwelling  house  at  ,  shop  at  ). 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 

J  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 

§  Here  insert  full  postal  address  of  residence  or,  if  claimant  has  no 
settled  residence,  of  place  to  which  communications  may  be  sent. 


INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION  (n}. 

If  the  claimant's  occupation  of  the  premises  commenced  after 
the||  day  of  ,19  ,  paragraph   (2)  must  be 

struck  out  and  the  following  paragraph  filled  in  and  signed:  — 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  I  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying 
premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and  that  during  the 

six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  I  occupied  qualifying  pre- 
mises as  follows: — from  to  at  ,  from 
to               at              ,  etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

||  Here  insert  first  day  of  qualifying  period. 
T  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 


(«z)  See  pp.  73,  74,  supra. 
(n)  See  p.  60,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  567 

(6) 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  CLAIM   (WOMEN  CLAIMING  IN  RESPECT  OF 
HUSBAND'S  QUALIFICATION  (o). 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
.    Address 

Claim  to  be  registered  as  a  Local  Government  elector  in  respect 
of  husband's  occupation. 

I  hereby  declare — 

(1)  that  I   claim   to  be  registered   as   a  Ijocal   Government 
elector  for  all  local  government  elections  [except  local  government 
elections  for  ]  in  respect  of  the  occupation  by  my  husband 
of  the  following  qualifying  premises* 

(2)  that  my  husband  was  in  occupation  of  the  qualifying  pre- 
mises on  thef  day  of  last,  and  has  been  in  occupa- 
tion of  them  during  the  whole  of  the  six  months  ending  on  the 
saiddayj; 

(3)  that  my  husband  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  the  qualify- 
ing premises  and  that  we  both  reside  there; 

(4)  that  I  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty; 

(5)  that  I  am  a  British  subject. 

Signed 

Date 

NOTE. — Any  false  declaration  made  for  the  purpose  of  this 
claim  will  render  the  claimant  liable  to  a  penalty. 

*  Here  insert  full  postal  address  and  description  (e.g.,  land  at  , 

dwelling  house  at  ,  shop  at  ). 

t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 
i  See  instruction  at  foot  of  Form. 


INSTRUCTION  AS  TO  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION  (p). 

If  the  husband's  occupation  of  the  premises  commenced  after 
the§  day  of  ,19  ,  paragraph   (2)  must  /be 

struck  out  and  the  following  paragraph  filled  in  and  signed:— 

(2)  I  hereby  declare  that  my  husband  was  in  occupation  of 
the  qualifying  premises  on  thef  day  of  last,  and 

that  during  the  six  months  ending  on  the  said  day  he  occupied 
qualifying  premises  as  follows: — from  to  at  , 

from  to  at  ,  etc.,  etc. 

Signed 

§  Here  insert frt>t  day  of  qualifying  period. 
t  Here  insert  last  day  of  qualifying  period. 


(o)  See  pp.  75,  76,  supra. 
(p)  See  p.  60,  wpra. 


668  APPENDIX  I. 


(7) 

CLAIM  MADE  BY  ONE  PERSON  ON  BEHALF  OF  ANOTHER 
(PARLIAMENTARY)  (q). 

To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

I  hereby  claim  on  behalf  of  of  that  he  [she] 

should  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  for  the  above 
constituency;  in  respect  of* 

Signed 

Address 
Date 

NOTE. — The  Act  provides  that  where  a  claim  is  made  by  one 
person  on  behalf  of  another  the  name  is  not  to  be  entered  on  the 
register  unless  the  matters  required  to  be  stated  in  the  declara- 
tion made  by  a  person  claiming  on  his  own  behalf  are  proved 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  registration  officer. 

*  Here  insert  qualification  (e.g^  Evidence  at  ,  Occupation  of 

Business  Premises  at  ,  &c,),  and  full  postal  address  and  descrip- 

tion of  qualifying  premises. 


(8) 

CLAIM  MADE  BY  ONE  PERSON  ON  BEHALF  OF  ANOTHER* 
(LOCAL  GOVERNMENT)  (q}. 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
Address 

I  hereby  claim  on  behalf  of  of  that  he  [she] 

should  be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  for  all  local 
government  elections  in  respect  of* 
[except  local  government  elections  for  ]. 

Signed 

Address  .     • 

Date 

NOTE. — The  Act  provides  that  where  a  claim  is  made  by  one 
person  on  behalf  of  another  the  name  is  not  to  be  entered  on  the 
register  unless  the  matters  required  to  be  stated  in  the  declara- 
tion made  by  a  person  claiming  on  his  own  behalf  are  proved 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  registration  officer. 

*  Here  insert  qualification  (e.g.t  Occupation  of  dwelling  house  at  , 

or  husband's  occupation  of  shop  at  ,  &c.)  and  full  postal  address 

and  description  of  qualifying  premises. 


(q]  See  Rule  10,  p.  343,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  569 

(9) 
CLAIM  FOE  COREECTION  OF  ENTRY  IN  LISTS  (r). 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
Address 

I  hereby  claim  that  the  following  entry  of  my  name  in  the 
lists  prepared  by  you* 
should  be  altered  as  follows: — f 
Signed 

Address 

Date 

NOTE. — Where  the  correction  claimed  would  give  to  the 
claimant  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  at  which  the  claimant 
could  not  vote  but  for  the  correction,  there  must  be  added  to 
this  claim  a  declaration  in  the  same  form  as  that  to  be  made  by 
a,  person  claiming  to  be  registered  as  such  a  voter. 

*  Here  insert  extract  from  printed  electors  lists,  stating  registration 
unit. 

t  e.g.,  by  removing  the  name  from  one  division  to  another,  altering  the 
mark  placed  against  the  name,  correcting  the  particulars  entered,  &c. 


III.  CLAIM  AND  DECLARATION  TO  BE  MADE  BY 
NAVAL  AND  MIL1TAKY  VOTERS  BEEOEE  BEING 
REGISTERED  IN  EESPECT  OE  AN  ACTUAL  RESI- 
DENCE QUALIFICATION. 


SECT.  5  (1)  (a). 

In  the  case  of  a  merchant  seaman,  pilot,  or  fisherman,  who 
is  a  naval  or  military  voter  the  statement  set  out  in  the  form 
prescribed  for  such  persons  under  heading  V.  ("  Eorms  of  state- 
ment to  be  made  under  s.  5  (2)  of  the  Act  ")  shall  (if  it  includes 
a  statement  of  actual  residence)  be  sufficient  form  of  claim  and 
declaration . 

In  other  cases  the  same  form  must  be  used  as  in  the  case  of  a 
Man's  Parliamentary  Claim  (Residence  Qualification)  with  the 
substitution  of  "  month  "  for  "  six  months,"  and  of  "  the  age> 
of  nineteen  "  for  "  the  age  of  twenty-one  ";  and  must  be  accom- 
panied by  the  following  declaration:  — 

I,  being  a  naval  [military]  voter  hereby  declare  that  I  have 
taken  steps  to  prevent  my  being  registered  in  a  constituency 
for  which  I  should  have  had  the  necessary  qualification  but  for 
my  service,  as  follows: — * 

Signed 
*  Here  insert  steps  taken. 


(/•)  See  Rule  9,  pp.  342—343,  supra. 
(*)  See  pp.  76,  77,  91—93,  *upra. 


570  APPENDIX  I. 


IV.  POEMS  OE  NOTICE  OP  OBJECTION. 

EIEST  SCHEDULE,  EULE  12  ($). 

(1) 

OBJECTION  TO  LISTS  OP  PARLIAMENTARY  OBJECTORS. 
To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  object  to  the  entry  of* 
as  a  Parliamentary  elector. 

The  grounds  of  my  objection  are:  — 

I  am  entered  in  the  electors  lists  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
for  the  above  constituency  as  follows:  —  * 

Signed 
Address 

Date 

*  Here  insert  extract  from  printed  electors  lists,  stating  registration 
unit. 

(2) 
OBJECTION  TO  LISTS  OF  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  ELECTORS. 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
Address 

I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  object  to  the  entry  of* 
as  a  local  government  elector  for  the  local  government 

area. 

The  grounds  of  my  objection  are:  — 

I  am  entered  in  the  lists  of  local  government  electors  for  the 
above  local  government  area  as  follows:  —  * 

'Signed 
Address 
Date 

*  Here  insert  extract  from  printed  electors  lists,  stating-  registration 

unit. 

\ 

(3) 
OBJECTION  TO  CLAIMS  (PARLIAMENTARY). 

To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  object  to  the  name  of 
being  placed  in  accordance  with  the  claim  made  in  that  behalf 
in  the  lists  of  Parliamentary  electors  for  the  above  constituency. 
The  grounds  for  my  objections  are  as  follows:  — 
I  am  entered  in  the  electors  lists  as  a  Parliamentary  elector 
for  the  above  constituency  as  follows:  —  * 

Signed 
Address 

Date 

*  Here  insert  extract  from  printed  electors  lists,  stating  registration 
unit. 

(t)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  344,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  571 


OBJECTION  TO  CLAIMS  (LOCAL  GOVERNMENT). 

To  the  registration  officer  for 

Address 

I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  object  to  the  name  of 
being  placed  in  accordance  with  the  claim  made  in  that  behalf 
in  the  lists  of  local  government  electors  for  the  following  local 
government  electoral  areas: — 

The  grounds  of  my  objection  are  as  follows: — 

I  am  entered  in  the  lists  of  local  government  electors  for  the 
above  areas  as  follows: — * 

Signed 
Address 
Date 

*  Here  insert  extract  from  printed  electors  lists,  stating  registration 
unit. 


V.  POEMS  OF  STATEMENT  TO  BE  MADE  UNDER 
S.  5  (2)  («)  OP  THE  AOT. 


A.— BY  MEN. 

Navy. 
REPRESENTATION  or  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Parent  Ship  (or  Establishment) 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

Rank  or  Rating  .     Official  No. 

Age  (on  15th  April,  1918)  .  State  whether  R.N.,  R.M., 

R.N.R.,  R.N.V.R.,  or  R.N.D. 

Qualifying  Address,  that  is,  full  postal  address  (including 
the  County,  or  in  London  the  Metropolitan  Borough)  where 
officer  or  man  would  have  been  residing  but  for  his  service  in 
the  Forces 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  the  above  named  officer  or  man 

Counter-signature  of  officer 

(M)  See  pp.  77,  88—90,  supra. 


672  APPENDIX  I. 

(2) 

Army  Form 

REPRESENTATION  OP  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Unit  and  Arm  of  the  Service 

Regimental  Number*  .       Bank 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

Age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Qualifying  Address,  that  is,  full  postal  address  (including 
the  County,  or  in  London  the  Metropolitan  Borough)  where 
officer  or  soldier  would  have  been  residing  but  for  his  service? 
in  the  Forces  .  i 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  officer  or  soldier  .  \ 

Counter-signature  of  officer 

*  To  be  struck  out  in  the  case  of  an  officer. 


(3) 

Air  Force  .Form 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Unit 

Official  number  .       Rank 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

Age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Qualifying  Address,  that  is,  full  postal  address  (including1 
the  County,  or  in  London  the  Metropolitan  Borough)  where 
officer  or  airman  would  have  been  residing  but  for  his  service 
in  the  Forces 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

"Signature  of  above-named  officer  or  airman 

Counter-signature  of  officer 

(4) 

MEN  (not  in  H.M.  Forces)  serving  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection 
with  the  War. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Department,  Body  or  Association  under  which  serving 

Class  of  work  on  which  engaged 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

Age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Qualifying  Address,  that  is,  full  postal  address  (including1 
the  County,  or  in  London  the  Metropolitan  Borough)  where! 
man  would  have  been  residing  if  not  serving  abroad  or  afloat 
in  connection  with  the  War 

Address  for  postal  communications 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  573 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  man 

Counter-signature  of  representative  of  Department,  Body  or 
Association  under  which  the  above-named  is  serving 

(5) 

Merchant  Seamen,  Pilots  or  Fishermen  serving  abroad  or  afloat 
in  connection  with  the  War. 

REPBESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Nature  of  Service  (i.e.,  whether  Merchant  Seaman,  Pilot,  or 
Fisherman,  &c.) 

Name  of  Vessel 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

Age  (on  15th  April,  1918)  .  Description  and  number 

of  certificate  (if  any) 

Qualifying  Address,  that  is,  full  postal  address  (including" 
the  County,  or  in  London  the  Metropolitan  Borough)  where 
man  would  have  been  residing  if  not  serving  abroad  or  afloat 
in  connection  with  the  War 

Where  a  man  has  not  given  up  his  residence  owing  to  his 
service,  he  should  write  below  the  qualifying  address  the  words 
"  actual  residence." 

Address  for  postal  communications 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  man 

Counter-signature  of  representative  of  Board  of  Trade,  Pilotage 
Authority,  or  Board  of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries,  as  case  may 
be,  and  name  of  place 

B.— BY  WOMEN. 

(6) 

Army  Form 

WOMEN  serving  with  the  Military  Forces. 

REPKESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Unit 

Service  description  and  regimental  number  if  any 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

State  if  over  30  years  of  age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Description  of  qualifying  property  (dwelling-house,  shop, 
land,  &c.) 

Rental  value  (if  not  a  dwelling-house) 

Full  postal  address  of  qualifying  property  (including  the 
County,  or,  in  London,  the  Metropolitan  Borough) 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  woman 

Counter-signature  of  Officer  or  Administrator 


574  APPENDIX  I. 

(7) 

Air  Force  Form 

WOMEN  Serving  with  the  Air  Force. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Unit 

Service  description  and  number  if  any 

Surname 

Christian  Names  (in  full) 

State  if  over  30  years  of  age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Description  of  qualifying  property  (dwelling-house,  shop, 
land,  &c.) 

Rental  value  (if  not  a  dwelling-house) 

Full  postal  address  of  qualifying  property  (including  the 
County,  or,  in  London,  the  Metropolitan  Borough) 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  woman 

Counter-signature  of  Officer  or  Administrator 


WOMEN  serving  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection  with  the  War. 
REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Body  or  Association  under  which  serving 

Class  of  work  on  which  engaged 

Surname 

'Christian  Names  (in  full) 

State  if  over  30  years  of  age  (on  15th  April,  1918) 

Description  of  qualifying  property  (dwelling-house,  shop, 
land,  &c.) 

Rental  value  (if  not  a  dwelling-house) 

Full  postal  address  of  qualifying  property  (including  the 
County,  or,  in  London,  the  Metropolitan  Borough) 

Address  for  postal  communications 

The  foregoing  particulars  are  true  and  accurate  to  the  best  of 
my  knowledge  and  belief. 

Signature  of  above-named  woman 

Counter- signature  of  representative  of  Body  or  Association 
under  which  the  above-named  is  serving 


REGISTRATION  FORMS.  575 


VI.  FORM    OP    CLAIM    TO    BE    PLACED    ON    ABSENT 
VOTERS'  LIST. 


FIRST  SCHEDULE,  RULE  16  (a?). 
REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 
To  the  registration  officer  for  the  constituency  of 
Address 

I,  being  a  person  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  for  the  above  constituency  in  respect  of  qualifying  pre- 
mises at*  ,  hereby  claim  to  be  placed  upon  the  absent 
voters'  list  on  the  ground  that  there  is  a  probability  that  owing 
to  my  occupation  [service]  [employment]  as  I  shall  be 
debarred  from  voting  at  a  poll  at  parliamentary  elections  held 
whilst  the  register  now  being  prepared  is  in  force. 
Signed 
Address 
Date 

*  Here  give  postal  address,  stating  registration  unit  where  possible. 

VII.  FORMS   OF  NOTICE  OF  APPEAL. 

FIRST  SCHEDULE,  RULE  29  (y). 

(1) 

NOTICE  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICER  OF  APPEAL  AGAINST  HIS 
DECISION. 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

To  the  registration  officer  for 
Address 

I  hereby  give  notice  of  appeal  against  your  decision* 
on  the  following  grounds: — f 

Signed 
Address 
Date 

*  Give  particulars  of  decision,  f.y.,  •'  refusing  to  enter  my  name  on  the 
Register  of  Parliamentary  Electors,"  &c. 
t  Here  insert  grounds  of  appeal. 


(x)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  345,  supra. 
(y}  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  350,  supra. 


576  APPENDIX  I. 

(2) 
NOTICE   OF  APPEAL   TO   THE   OPPOSITE   PARTY. 

REPBESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 
To 

Address 

I  hereby  give  you  no'tice  of  appeal  against  the  decision  of  the 
[Registration  Officer  for* 
on  the  following  grounds: — f 

Signed 
Address 
Date 

*  Give  particulars  of  decision,  <?.<?.,  "  allowing  your  claim  to  be  entered 
on  the  register  as  a  Parliamentary  elector,"  &c. 
t  Here  insert  grounds  of  appeal. 


VIII.  FOBM  OF  REQUISITION  FOE  A  CERTIFIED  COPY 
OF  ENTRY  OF  BIRTH. 


FIRST  SCHEDULE,  RULE  38  (z). 
REPEESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Requisition  for  a  certified  copy  of  entry  of  Birth  under  Rule  38 
of  the  First  Schedule. 

To  the  Superintendent  Registrar  or  other  person  having  the 
custody  of  the  Register  Book  in  which  the  Birth  of  the  under- 
mentioned person  is  recorded. 

I,  the  undersigned,  hereby  demand  for  the  purpose  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  a  certified  copy  of  the 
entry  of  the  Birth  of  the  person  in  relation  to  whom  particulars 
are  given  below. 

Name  of  person  in  full 

Date  of  Birth. — The  day  of  one  thousand 

hundred  and  .     (The  year  to  be  written  in  words,  not 

figures.) 

Place  of  Birth 

Father's  Name  (in  full) 

Father  Occupation 

Mother's  Name  (in  full) 

Mother's  Maiden  Surname 

Signature  of  Applicant 

Address 

Dated  this  day  of  ,19 

(z)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  353,  supra. 


REGISTRATION  FORMS. 


577 


IX.  POEM  OP  REGISTER  (a). 

Division  I.  contains  the  names  of  those  persons  who  are 
•entitled  to  vote  both  as  parliamentary  electors  and  as  local 
government  electors. 

Division  II.  contains  the  names  of  those  persons  who  are 
entitled  to  vote  as  parliamentary  electors  but  not  as  local  govern- 
ment electors. 

Division  III.  contains  the  names  of  those  persons  who  are 
entitled  to  vote  as  local  government  electors  but  not  as  parlia- 
mentary electors. 

NOTE. — f  Persons  against  whose  names  the  mark  f  is  placed 
are  not  entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  that  entry  at  elections  of 
County  Councillors. 

^Persons  against  whose  names  the  mark  $  is  placed  are  not 
•entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  that  entry  at  elections  of  Rural 
District  Councillors  or  Guardians. 

§Persons  against  whose  names  the  mark  §  is  placed  are  not 
entitled  to  vote  in  respect  of  that  entry  in  the  case  of  a  Borough, 
Metropolitan  Borough  or  Urban  District  at  elections  for  Borough 
or  District  Councillors  as  the  case  may  be,  and  in  the  case  of  a 
Parish  at  elections  for  Parish  Councillors  or  at  Parish  Meetings. 

*Persons  against  whose  names  the  mark  *  is  placed  will  vote 
at  another  polling  place  at  Parliamentary  Elections.  '. 

oPersons  against  whose  name  the  letter  a  is  placed  are  absent 
voters. 

In  the  fourth  column  the  following  abbreviations  are  used:  — 

B.  =  Residence  qualification. 

B.P.  =  Business  premises  qualification. 

0.  =  Occupation   qualification. 

H.O.  =  Qualification  through  husband's  occupation. 

N.M.  =  Naval  or  military  voter. 

DIVISION  I. — PERSONS  ENTITLED  TO  VOTE  AS  PARLIAMENTARY 

ELECTORS  AND  AS  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  ELECTORS. 
Constituency 
Registration  Unit 
Polling  District 


t) 

(2)                                       (8) 

(4) 

Nature  of 

Number. 

Names  in  full. 
Surname  first. 

Residence  or  Property 
Occupied  and  Abode 
of  Non-resident 

Qualification. 

Occupier. 

Parlia- 

Local 

mentary. 

Govt. 

(a)  See  Rule  2,  pp.  339—340,  supra. 


F. 


87 


678 


APPENDIX  I. 


DIVISION  II. — PERSONS  ENTITLED  TO  VOTE  AS  PARLIAMENTARY 
ELECTORS  ONLY. 


(i) 

Number. 


(2) 


Names  in  full. 
Surname  first. 


(3) 

Residence  or  Property 

Occupied  and  Abode 

of  Non-resident 

Occupier. 


(4) 


Nature  of 
Qualification. 


DIVISION  III. — PERSONS  ENTITLED  TO  VOTE  AS  LOCAL 
GOVERNMENT  ELECTORS  ONLY. 


(1)                           (2)                                        (3)                                            (4) 

Number. 

Names  in  full. 
Surname  first. 

Residence  or  Property 
Occupied  and  Abode                   Nature  of 
of  Non-resident                    Qualification. 

Occupier. 

DIRECTION'S  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.          579 


No.  ;>. 

DIRECTIONS  GIVEN  BY  THE  LOCAL  GOVERN- 
MENT BOARD  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFI- 
CERS PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  13(1)  (cV 

K.  P.  2. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD, 
Whitehall,  S.W.I. 

20th  March,  1918. 
SIR, 

I  am  directed  by  the  President  of  the  Looal  Government 
Board  to  enclose  copies  of  an  Order  in  Council  (a)  which  has 
been  mado  under  section  46  (2)  of  the  Representation  of  the1 
People  Act,  1918,  altering,  in  connection  with  the  first  register, 
the  registration  dates  fixed  in  the  First  Schedule  of  the  Act 
and  the  dates  governing  the  qualifying  period  fixed  by  Sections  6 
and  11  of  the  Act,  and  of  an  Order  in  Council  (6)  made  under1 
Section  13  (2)  of  the  Act  prescribing  certain  Forms  to  be  used 
for  registration  purposes. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  qualifying  period  for  the  first 
register  will  be  the  six  months  ending  on  the  15th  April  next 
and  that  the  register  will  come  into  force  on  the  1st  October 
next.  The  effect  is  to  extend  considerably  the  period  for  the 
preparation  of  that  register  beyond  the  time  allowed  by  the 
Eules  in  the  First  Schedule  for  the  preparation  of  a  normal 
register.  The  periods  fixed  by  the  Eules  for  various  stages  in 
the  preparation  of  the  electors  lists  and  registers  are  corre- 
spondingly extended. 


DUTIES  OF  EEGISTRATION  OFFICERS. 

The  duty  of  compiling  the  registers  for  a  parliamentary 
county  or  borough  and  of  placing  or  causing  to  be  placed  therein 
the  names  of  persons  entitled  to  be  registered  as  parliamentary 
electors  and  as  local  government  electors  is  imposed  on  the 
Registration  Officer,  and  it  will  be  the  duty  of  the  Registration 
Officer  to  comply  with  any  general  or  special  directions  given 
by  the  Local  Government  Board  with  respect  to  the  arrange- 
ments to  be  made  by  him  for  carrying  out  his  duties  (S.  13)  (c). 

The  Board  propose  to  deal  in  this  Circular  with  matters 
immediately  concerned  with  the  preparation  of  the  electors 
lists.  They  feel  that  the  procedure  to  be  adopted  in  each  regis- 
tration area  must  to  some  extent  depend  on  local  circumstances, 
and  they  do  not  at  the  present  time  regard  any  specific  instruc- 
tions to  the  Registration  Officers  as  necessary.  Mr.  Hayes  Fisher 

(z)  See  p.  133,  supra. 

(a)  For  this  Order  in  Council,  see  pp.  613  —  614,  infra. 

(b)  For  this  Order  in  Council,  see  pp.  555  —  578,  supra. 
(e)  Seep.  133,  supra. 

37(2) 


580  APPENDIX  I. 

desires,  however,  to  refer  to  Rule  6  (d)  in  the  First  Schedule, 
which  requires  the  Registration  Officer  to  cause  a  house  to  house, 
or  other  sufficient  inquiry,  to  be  made  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  names  of  persons  entitled  to  be  registered.  In  con- 
nection with  this  subject  attention  is  called  to  the  observations 
in  the  memorandum  of  instructions  to  overseers  (e),  as  to  the 
utilisation  of  Form  A.  prescribed  by  the  Order  in  Council. 

It  will  be  observed  that  by  Rule  36  (/)  the  Registration  Officer1, 
subject  to  any  directions  given  by  the  Board,  has  access  to  the 
national  register  compiled  under  the  National  Registration  Act, 
1915.  The  Board  have  no  doubt  that  the  Clerk  to  the  Local 
Registration  Authority  will  give  any  necessary  assistance  for 
the  purpose  of  supplementing  the  information  obtained  by  the 
persons  making  the  above-mentioned  inquiry,  or  otherwise  for 
facilitating  the  preparation  of  the  electors  lists  and  register, 
and  the  Board  do  not  at  present  think  it  necessary  to  give  any 
specific  directions  in  the  matter.  It  is,  however,  desirable  that 
where  the  register  is  not  in  the  charge  of  the  Registration  Officer, 
and  access  to  it  is  desired  for  the  overseers  or  other  persons 
engaged  in  preparing  the  lists,  he  should  himself  arrange  with 
the  Clerk  to  the  Local  Registration  Authority  as  to  the  times 
when  and  manner  in  which  reference  may  be  made  to  the  register. 

CERTIFICATES  OF  BIRTH  AND  STATUTORY  DECLARATIONS. 

Under  Rule  37  (#)  in  Schedule  1,  a  person  before  being  regis- 
tered may  be  required  by  the  Registration  Officer  to  produce 
a  certificate  of  birth  or  of  naturalisation  or  to  make  a  statutory 
declaration  that  he  or  she  is  of  the  requisite  age  or  is  a  British 
subject,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  form  of  requisition  (h}  for  a 
certificate  of  birth,  it  will  be  seen,  is  prescribed  by  the  Order  in 
Council.  Any  fee  payable  in  connection  with  a  declaration 
will  be  paid  by  the  Registration  Officer.  Ordinarily,  the  Board 
do  not  think  that  for  the  purposes  of  preparing  the  electors; 
lists  any  such  requirement  should  be  necessary.  If  in  any  special 
case  a  certificate  of  birth  or  declaration  is  found  necessary, 
it  ishould  only  be  required  under  the  express  direction  of  the 
Registration  Officer. 

FRANCHISES. 

Copies  of  a  memorandum  (&)  as  to  the  franchises  created  by 
the  new  Act  are  enclosed.  The  new  parliamentary  franchises 
take  the  place  of  all  parliamentary  franchises  existing  at  the 
time  of  the  passing  of  the  Act,  and  the  new  local  government 
franchises  take  the  place  of  all  local  government  franchises  exist- 
ing at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the  Act  so  far  as  respects. 


(d)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  341,  supra. 

(e)  For  this  memorandum,  see  pp.  597 — 609,  infra. 
(/)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  352,  tupra. 

(g)  For  this  Rule,  see  pp.  352 — 353,  supra. 
(A)  For  this  Form,  see  p.  576,  supra. 
(£)  See  pp.  589—596,  infra. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.         581 

elections  for  county  councils,  municipal  borough  councils,  metro- 
politan borough  councils,  district  councils,  boards  of  guardians, 
parish  councils,  and  any  other  bodies  elected  at  the  time  of  the 
passing  of  the  Act  by  persons  on  the  local  government  register 
of  electors  or  on  the  register  of  parochial  electors. 

Some  points  in  which  the  new  franchises  differ  from  those 
hitherto  in  force  may  be  mentioned: — 

Woman  suffrage. — Women  are  for  the  first  time  admitted  to 
the  parliamentary  franchise,  and  their  rights  to  the  local  govern- 
ment franchise  are  considerably  enlarged. 

Naval  or  military^  voters. — A  new  class  of  electors  is  created, 
termed  naval  or  military  voters,  whose  qualifications,  etc.,  are 
explained  in  the  memorandum  (Z). 

Period  of  qualification. — The  period  of  qualification  for  both 
the  parliamentary  franchise  and  the  local  government  franchise 
is  ishortened  from  twelve  months  to  six  months,  and  there  will 
be  normally  two  periods  of  qualification  in  each  year,  namely, 
the  period  of  six  months  ending  on  the  15th  of  January  and  the 
period  of  six  months  ending  on  the  15th  of  July,  including  in 
each  case  the  fifteenth  day.  In  the  case  of  naval  or  military 
voters  and  persons  who  have  served  as  members  of  the  naval 
or  ^military  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown  at  any  time  during  the,. 
six  months  of  the  qualifying  period  and  have  ceased  to  serve, 
the  period  of  qualification  is  further  shortened  to  one  month. 
For  the  purposes  of  the  preparation  of  the  first  register 
under  the  Act,  the  qualifying  period  will  be  the  six 
months  ending  on  the  15th  April,  1918. 

Eating  and  payment  of  rates,  etc. — No  condition  as  to  the 
rating  of  qualifying  premises  or  the  payment  of  rates  or  assessed 
taxes  is  any  longer  imposed. 

Lodgers. — The  lodger  franchise  as  such  disappears  for  par- 
liamentary purposes,  being  superseded  by  the  residence  qualifica- 
tion. For  the  local  government  franchise,  however,  lodgers  are 
recognised  as  tenants  where  they  occupy  rooms  let  to  them  in 
an  unfurnished  state. 

Receipt  of  poor  relief,  etc. — -The  disqualification  for  the  par- 
liamentary and  the  local  government  franchise  arising  from  the 
receipt  of  poor  relief  or  other  alms  is  removed. 

ORDER  OF  NAMES  IN  EEGISTER. 

The  names  in  the  register  of  a  registration  unit  (m)  in  a 
parliamentary  borough  will  be  arranged  in  street  order  unless 
the  Council  whose  Clerk  is  the  Eegistration  Officer  considers, 
having  regard  to  the  general  character  of  the  area  forming 
the  unit  that  arrangement  to  be  inapplicable  (n).  If  the  unit 
is  in  a  parliamentary  county  the  names  will  be  arranged  in 
alphabetical  order  unless  the  Council  whose  Clerk  is  the  Eegistra- 


(?)  See  pp.  589—596,  infra, 
(m)  See  Rule  1,  p.  339,  suprc. 
(«)  See  Rule  4,  p.  340,  supra. 


582  APPENDIX  1. 

tion  Officer  considers  that  arrangement  in  street  order  is  possible 
and  convenient  ( w) . 

In  many  municipal  boroughs  and  urban  districts  in  a  county, 
arrangement  of  the  names  in  street  order  will  no  doubt  be  the 
most  convenient  method,  and  in  some  parliamentary  boroughs 
there  may  be  registration  units  where  the  names  can  only  be 
arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  You  should  at  once  bring  such 
cases  to  the  notice  of  your  Council,  so  that  the  necessary  direc- 
tion may  be  given  as  early  as  practicable  with  a  view  to  the 
electors  lists  being  prepared  with  the  names  in  the  order  con- 
sidered to  be  appropriate. 

EMPLOYMENT  OF  OVERSEERS. 

The  Eegistration  Officer  may  require  the  overseers  of  a  parish 
to  prepare  on  his  behalf  the  electors  lists  for  the  parish  or  for 
any  .registration  unit  forming  part  of  the  parish,  and  to  make 
the  necessary  inquiries  for  the  purpose  and  to  publish  the  lists, 
(Schedule  \,  Rule  7)  (o).  In  the  case  of  many  parishes,  espe- 
cially those  in  parliamentary  counties,  the  Registration  Officer 
will  probably  find  it  convenient  to  require  the  overseers  to  make 
out  the  lists.  Copies  of  a  memorandum  of  instructions  (p]  are, 
enclosed  which  will  be  available  for  supply  to  the  overseers, 
assistant  overseers,  and  other  persons  employed  in  making  out 
the  electors  lists,  and  can  also  be  supplied  to  persons  employed 
by  the  Registration  Officer  where  he  himself  prepares  the  electors! 
lists. 

The  instructions  are  intended  as  a  general  guide,  and  the 
Registration  Officer  will  supplement  them  in  such  particulars 
as  he  may  think  desirable. 

He  should  particularly  inform  the  persons  preparing  the  lists 
of  any  case  in  which  there  is  a  departure  from  the  general  rule 
that  the  lists  of  a  registration  unit  in  a  parliamentary  borough 
are  to  be  made  out  in  street  order  and  in  a  parliamentary  county 
in  alphabetical  order  (g). 

Any  direction  given  to  the  overseers  to  prepare  the  lists  should 
indicate  that  the  .assistant  overseer  or  rate  collector  or  vestry 
clerk  should  be  empk^ed.  In  this  connection  it  will  be  borne 
in  mind  that  an  assistant  overseer  or  other  officer  who,  being 
in  office  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the  Act,  suffers  any  direct 
pecuniary  loss  in  consequence  of  the  Act  is  entitled  to  claim 
compensation  under  Section  18  (/•),  in  accordance  with  the 
applied  provisions  of  Section  120  of  the  Local  Government  Act, 
1888.  The  compensation  will  be  payable  as  registration  expenses 
undpr  the  Act.  Whore  the  Registration  Officer  docs  not  call 
upon  the  overseers  to  prepare  the  lists,  and  the  assistant  over- 
seer or  other  officer  who  previously  received  remuneration  for 
registration  work  is  prepared  to  do  the  work,  Mr.  Hayes  Fisher 

(»)  See  Rule  4,  p.  340,  supra. 

(<>}  For  Rule  7,  see  pp.  341—342,  *upr<t. 

(p]  See  pp.  597 — 609,  infra. 

(q)  See  preceding  page. 

(/•)  See  pp.  148—  149,  tupra< 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.          583 

is  of  opinion  that  such  officer  should  be  employed,  unless  there 
are  special  reasons  for  not  utilising  his  services.  Even  where 
the  assistant  overseer  or  other  officer  has  not  received  special 
remuneration  for  registration  work  in  the  past,  it  is  desirable 
that  he  should  be  employed,  wherever  practicable,  to  assist  the 
Registration  Officer.  If  the  Registration  Officer  wishes  that  the 
overseers  should  do  the  work  and  there  is  no  assistant  overseer, 
etc.,  of  the  parish,  or  such  officer  has  been  called  up  for  military 
service,  it  will  be  open  to  the  Registration  Officer  to  employ 
some  person  to  assist  the  overseers  or  authorise  them  to  employ 
a  suitable  person  (s). 

REGISTRATION  EXPENSES. 

By  Section  15  (1)  (t)  of  the  Act  the  expenses  incurred  by  tho 
Registration  Officer,  including  charges  for  his  trouble,  care  and 
attention  in  the  performance  of  his  duties  will  be  paid  by  the 
Council  whose  Clerk  is  the  Registration  Officer,  subject  to  such 
contributions  by  the  Councils  of  other  areas  included  in  the 
registration  area,  as  the  Board  may  direct;  and  under  sub- 
section (4)  of  the  section  one  half  of  the  amount  so  paid  by 
the  Council  is  to  be  paid  out  of  moneys  provided  by  Parlia- 
ment. 

Any  reasonable  expenses  incurred  by  overseers  (including  the 
remuneration  of  the  assistant  overseer  or  other  paid  officer)  are 
to  be  paid  by  the  Registration  Officer  as  part  of  his  registration 
expenses  (s). 

The  Treasury  are  empowered  by  sub-section  (2)  of  Section. 
15  (v)  to  frame  a  scale  of  registration  expenses  applicable  to  all 
or  any  class  or  classes  of  those  expenses,  and  to  alter  the  seal© 
as  and  when  they  think  fit.  Any  expenses  to  which  a  scale  so, 
framed  is  applicable  are  to  be  deemed  to  have  been  properly 
incurred  if  they  do  not  exceed  the  amount  fixed  by  the  scale, 
or  if  being  in  excess  of  that  amount  such  excess  is  specially 
sanctioned  by  the  Council  and  the  Treasury.  With  regard  to 
expenditure  to  which  no  scale  framed  by  the  Treasury  is  appli- 
cable any  question  as  to  whether  the  expenditure  has  been 
properly  incurred  is  to  be  determined  by  the  Board. 

In  accordance  with  the  provision  above  mentioned,  the  Treasury 
have  framed  a  scale  (#)  indicating  the  maximum  expenditure 
which  may  be  incurred  by  the  Registration  Officer  in  respect 
of  his  own  fees  and  the  fees  payable  to  any  Deputy  appointed 
by  him,  and  in  respect  of  the  remuneration  of  the  clerks,  assistant 
overseers  and  other  persons  engaged  in  connection  with  the  pre- 
paration of  the  lists  and  registers.  Copies  of  the  scale  (a>)  are 
enclosed,  and  it  will  be  observed  that  it  is  to  apply  only  to  the 
first  two  registers. 

The  Council,  if  they  think  fit,  may  make  to  the  Registration 
Officer  an  advance  of  such  amount  and  on  such  conditions  as 

(*)  See  Rule  7,  pp.  341 — 342,  supra. 

(t)  See  pp.  139,  140,  supra. 

(t>)  See  pp.  140,  141,  supra. 

(x)  For  this  Scale,  see  pp.  610—612,  infra. 


APPENDIX  I. 

they  may  approve  (y} .  Such  an  advance  will  generally  be  re- 
quired in  order  to  meet  current  expenses  such  as  remuneration 
of  temporary  clerks  and  canvassers,  cost  of  stationery,  postage, 
travelling  expenses,  etc.  The  Board  cannot  express  any  opinion 
as  to  the  amount  of  the  advance  which  will  be  needed,  as  this 
will  depend  on  the  circumstances  of  each  case,  but  no  advance 
will  be  necessary  to  cover  the  cost  of  printing  the  lists  and 
registers  under  the  contracts  made  by  the  Stationery  Office  or 
of  the  forms  or  other  matter  supplied  by  that  Department  under 
the  arrangements  subsequently  described. 

In  view  of  the  great  need  for  economy  at  the  present  time  it 
is  hoped  that  Eegistration  Officers  will  endeavour  to  avoid  any 
expenditure  that  is  not  strictly  necessary,  and  in  particular  that 
they  will  as  far  as  possible  be  able  to  arrange  with  the  consent 
of  their  Council  for  the  free  use  of  their  existing  office  accom- 
modation. Where,  however,  the  hiring  of  additional  offices  is 
unavoidable  the  cost  of  these  may  be  defrayed  as  part  of  .tho 
Registration  Officer's  out-of-pocket  expenditure. 

As  regards  the  accounts  which  should  be  kept  of  the  regis- 
tration expenses,  instructions  (2)  will  be  issued  to  Eegistration 
Officers  by  the  Treasury.  In  the  meantime  each  Eegistration 
Officer  should  keep  complete  and  accurate  records  of  the  various 
items  of  expenditure  with  vouchers,  and  he  should  instruct  the 
overseers  to  do  so  likewise  if  the  electors  lists  are  prepared 
by  them. 

PRINTING  ARRANGEMENTS. 

A  most  important  item  of  expenditure  in  connection  with  the 
registration  of  the  electors,  half  of  which  will  be  borne  by  the 
State,  is  the  cost  of  printing  the  electors  lists  and  registers, 
and  the  supply  of  various  forms  which  will  be  provided  by  the 
Stationery  Office,  and  the  following  arrangements  have  been 
made  by  the  Stationery  Office  with  the  consent  of  the  Treasury:  — 

The  Stationery  Office  will  supply  direct  to  the  Eegistration 
Officer  such  copies  of  prescribed  forms  as  they  require.  Imme- 
diately Form  A.  («)  has  been  printed  off,  a  supply,  based  on  the 
approximate  number  of  electors  in  each  registration  area,  will 
be  sent  to  the  Eegistration  Officer  for  distribution  to  the  over- 
seers or  other  officers  engaged  in  the  work  of  preparing  the 
lists.  Copies  of  Form  B.  (6)  and  Form  C.  (c)  prescribed  by  the 
Order  in  Council  will  be  sent  on  demand,  together  with  sheets 
for  the  purpose  of  entering  therein  the  requisite  particulars  of 
persons  entitled  to  be  registered. 

It  is  essential  that  the  greatest  economy  should  be  exercised 
in  regard  to  use  of  paper,  and  the  Board  do  not  think  that  it 
should  be  necessary  to  furnish  special  books  for  the  purpose  of 
inquiries,  especially  if  Forms  A.  are  personally  left  and  called 

(y)  See  sect.  15  (5),  p.  141,  supra. 

(z)  These  Instructions  have  not,  up  to  the  time  of  going  to  press  been 
issued. 

(a)  For  this  Form,  see_pp.  556 — 560,  supra. 
(*)  For  this  Form,  see  pp.  560—561,  supra, 
(c}  For  this  Form,  see  p.  561,  supra. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.          585 

for,  when  any  necessary  explanations  can  be  given  to  assist 
persons  in  completing  them.  These  forms  filled  up  by  house- 
holders, occupiers,  etc.,  together  with  any  particulars  obtain- 
able from  the  rate  books,  will  be  the  main  source  of  information 
required  in  preparing  the  lists,  and  if  a  house  to  house  service 
and  collection  of  the  returns  is  systematically  made  to  ensure 
that  all  occupiers  receive  and  fill  up  Form  A.  the  Board  would 
not  anticipate  any  need  for  supplying  books  or  stationery  beyond 
what  each  officer  should  himself  have  available  for  the  purpose. 
Small  memorandum  books  or  sheets  in  block  form  can,  however, 
be  supplied  by  the  Stationery  Office  if  desired. 

Copies  of  the  memorandum  of  instructions  to  overseers  (d),  and 
of  the  memorandum  as  to  franchises  (e)  will  be  obtainable  from 
the  Stationery  Office  011  demand  indicating  the  quantities  re- 
quired. In  addition  to  prescribed  forms,  it  is  contemplated  that 
the  .Stationery  Office  will  supply  forms  for  various  purposes 
required  by  Registration  Officers.  A  list  of  the  forms  to 
be  supplied  will  be  sent  to  each  Registration  Officer  in  due  course. 

As  regards  the  printing  of  the  electors  lists  and  register,  it 
is  the  intention  that  these  will  not  be  printed  independently, 
but  that  in  every  case  the  type  used  for  printing  the  lists  should 
stand,  and  at  a  later  stage  be  used  for  printing  the  register. 
The  Stationery  Office  will  enter  into  the  contracts  with  the 
local  printers  on  behalf  of  the  Registration  Officer,  who  will  in 
this  respect  be  in  the  same  position  as  a  Government  Depart- 
ment whose  printing  is  done  through  the  Stationery  Office.  The 
period  of  the  contract  is  proposed  to  be  from  the  date  of  accep- 
tance until  the  completion  of  the  first  of  the  half-yearly  registers 
made  in  the  year  1920,  and  in  the  discretion  of  the  Controller 
of  the  Stationery  Office  the  period  may  be  extended  up  to  the 
completion  of  the  first  register  of  1922. 

Forms  of  contract  will  be  prepared  by  the  Stationery  Office 
and  supplied  to  the  Registration  Officer,  and  on  receipt  of  these 
the  Registration  Officer  should  at  once  take  steps  to  publish 
as  widely  as  possible,  by  advertisement  or  otherwise,  that  tenders 
may  be  made  to  him  for  the  printing  of  the  lists  and  registers. 
When  the  tenders  are  received  they  should  be  forwarded  to  the 
Stationery  Office  by  the  Registration  Officer  with  any  observa- 
tions he  wishes  to  make  as  to  the  merits  of  the  tenders.  In 
forwarding  the  tenders  the  Registration  Officer  should  inform 
the  Stationery  Office  of  the  number  of  copies  estimated  to  be 
required  of  the  lists  and  register  respectively,  the  number  being 
kept  as  low  as  practicable.  In  fixing  the  number  of  copies  of 
the  register  it  would,  of  course,  be  considered  whether,  in  view 
of  the  use  of  the  several  divisions  for  parliamentary  and  local 
government  elections,  as  the  case  may  be,  a  greater  number  of 
copies  will  be  required  by  Division  I.  (<?).  Looking  to  the  large 
amount  of  work  which  the  printing  will  involve  and  the  limited 


(d)  For  this  memorandum,  see  pp.  597 — 609,  infra. 

(e)  For  this  memorandum,  see  pp.  589 — 596,  infra, 
(g]  For  form  of  register,  see  pp.  577—578,  stiprc. 


586  APPENDIX  I. 

time  for  its  execution,  it  will  probably  be  necessary  in  most 
constituencies  that  the  printing  should  be  divided  amongst  several 
printers,  so  as  to  secure  the  expeditious  printing  of  the  lists 
and  registers.  The  tender  form  will  therefore  be  so  drawn  that 
a  printer  may  tender  for  part  of  the  lists  and  register  for  a  con- 
stituency, but  each  part  tendered  for  should  comprise  a  sub- 
stantial section  of  the  register.  It  will,  of  course,  be  open  to 
any  printer  to  tender  for  as  many  complete  sections  as  he  will 
be  in  a  position  to  undertake. 

The  contract  will  cover  the  printing  of  the  lists  of  absent 
voters,  as  well  as  the  electors  lists  and  register.  The  printer 
will  not  bind  any  portion  of  the  matter  printed  by  him,  but  he 
will  stitch  or  wire  together  the  sheets  belonging  to  each  registra- 
tion unit,  or  the  sheets  belonging  to  each  division  of  the  regis- 
tration unit,  as  the  Registration  Officer  may  think  most 
convenient.  The  Registration  Officer  may,  however,  arrange  for 
two  copies  of  the  complete  register  of  each  constituency  to  be 
bound,  one  bound  copy  being  for  his  own  use  and  the  other  for 
transmission  to  this  Department. 

The  contract  will  also  provide  for  printing  the  lists  of 
claims  (h)  and  objections  (i)  if  the  Registration  Officer  requires 
this.  It  will  be  in  the  discretion  of  the  Registration  Officer  to 
arrange  for  these  lists  being  printed  elsewhere  if  convenient*, 
but  in  cases  where  the  lists  are  very  short,  typed  copies  would 
suffice. 

The  Registration  Officer  will  himself  arrange  for  any  print- 
ing work  considered  to  be  necessary  and  not  done  or  supplied 
by  the  Stationery  Office,  and  he  will  also  procure  stationery, 
etc.,  required  for  carrying  ovit  his  duties. 

The  Stationery  Office  will  supply  all  paper  for  the  lists  and 
registers  printed  under  contract  with  them,  and  the  printers, 
will  account  to  the  Station &ry  Office  for  its  use.  The  Stationery 
Office  will  not  supply  paper  for  printing  not  done  under  the, 
contract. 

The  Registration  Officer  will  realize  that  the  arrangements, 
undertaken  by  the  Stationery  Office  are  to  facilitate  the  print- 
ing under  the  exceptional  conditions  prevailing,  and  that  he 
will  not  be  relieved  of  his  responsibility  for  the  proper  prepara- 
tion of  the  lists  and  registers.  It  will  be  provided  for  in  the 
contract  that  the  printer  must  comply  with  tho  directions  of 
the  Registration  Officer  as  to  time  for  receiving  proofs,  correc- 
tions, etc.,  and  he  will  be  required  to  deliver  to  the  Registration 
Officer  prints  in  the  various  stages  as  may  be  needed. 

The  Registration  Officer  will  make  his  own  arrangements  as 
to  the  manuscript  lists  being  sent  on  direct  from  the  overseers 
to  the  printer  or  through  him,  but  the  Board  would  suggest 
that  he  should  in  every  case  inspect  such  lists  before  they  are 
forwarded  to  the  printer.  In  any  case  the  overseers  should 
retain  the  draft  or  a  copy  of  the  lists  so  as  to  avoid  dolay 

(A)  See  Rule  11,  p.  343,  .supra. 

(i)  See  Rule  15,  p.  344—345,  supra. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.          587 

which  might  occur  through  loss  or  miscarriage.  It  will  probably 
be  found  convenient  to  provide  for  parts  of  the  lists  as  soon, 
as  prepared  to  be  sent  at  once  to  the  printer,  so  that  the  printer 
may  be  able  to  proceed  with  the  work  and  not  wait  for  the  whole, 
of  the  draft  lists  he  has  undertaken  to  print.  In  connection 
with  this,  see  paragraph  6  (k)  in  the  instructions  to  overseers. 

APPOINTMENT  OF  DEPUTY  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS. 

Section  12  (3)  (I)  of  the  Act  provides  that  any  of  the  duties 
&nd  powers  of  the  Registration  Officer  may  be  performed  and 
«3xeicised  by  any  Deputy  for  the  time  being  approved  by  the 
Board.  It  is  desirable  that  the  Registration  Officers  should  as 
early  as  practicable  consider  to  what  extent  they  will  require 
io  employ  deputies,  and  inform  the  Board  of  their  proposals. 
In  many  registration  areas  there  will  be  no  necessity  to  appoint 
deputies,  but  in  the  case  of  registration  areas  comprising  a 
number  of  constituencies  the  employment  of  some  deputies  may 
be  needed.  In  connection  with  the  number  of  deputies  to  be 
appointed,  it  will  be  seen  from  the  scale  of  registration 
expenses  (m)  fixed  by  the  Treasury  that  the  fee  provided  for 
the  remuneration  of  the  Registration  Officer  includes  the  re- 
muneration of  any  deputy  appointed  by  him.  The  actual  fee 
payable  to  any  deputy  will  be  a  matter  for  arrangement  between 
the  Registration  Officer  and  the  deputy.  Subject  to  any  par- 
ticular duties  which  the  Registration  Officer  may  prefer  to  retain 
under  his  own  control,  it  would  seem  a  convenient  arrangement 
that  the  deputy  should  be  appointed  for  a  constituency  or  con- 
stituencies, and  Mr.  Fisher  would  not,  as  a  general  rule,  be 
willing  to  approve  of  the  appointment  of  a  deputy  for  an  area 
less  than  an  entire  constituency. 

Mr.  Fisher  thinks  it  desirable  that,  where  it  is  proposed  to 
employ  a  deputy,  the  clerk  to  some  one  of  the  larger  authorities 
•of  the  local  government  areas  situate  in  the  constituency  or 
constituencies  should  be  the  deputy  for  the  whole  of  the  con- 
stituency or  constituencies,  but  where  a  clerk  proposed  to  be 
appointed  is  a  whole  time  officer  of  a  local  authority,  the  consent 
of  the  authority  to  his  acting  as  a  deputy  must  be  obtained. 

Any  application  to  the  Board  for  the  approval  of  a  deputy 
should  specify  the  area  for  which  he  is  to  act,  and  the  precise 
•duties  to  be  delegated  to  him,  and,  where  the  deputy  is  a  whole 
time  officer  of  an  authority,  should  indicate  that  the  consent  of 
the  authority  has  been  obtained. 

In  a  further  circular  which  will  be  sent  as  soon  as  possible, 
the  Board  propose  to  refer  to  the  procedure  to  be  adopted  by 
Registration  Officers  in  dealing  with  claims  and  objections  and 
-otherwise  in  making  up  the  register,  and  to  various  other  matters 
such  as  the  period  for  keeping  documents  published  and  fees 
•chargeable  for  supply  of  copies  of  lists,  etc. 

(k]  P.  601,  infra. 

(I)  See  pp.  130—131,  supra. 

(m)  See  pp.  610—612,  infra. 


588  APPENDIX  I. 

Mr.  Fisher  realises  that  the  new  Act  imposes  upon  Eegistration 
Officers  much  responsibility  and  a  considerable  amount  of  work 
which  in  present  conditions  can  only  be  carried  out  under  diffi- 
culties, but  he  feels  confident  that,  in  view  of  the  importance 
of  securing  that  the  new  Eegister  shall  be  as  complete  and 
accurate  as  possible,  the  Eegistration  Officer  will  use  every  effort 
to  promote  the  smooth  and  efficient  working  of  the  machinery 
provided  by  the  Act. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

(Signed)  H.  C.  MONRO, 

Secretary. 
To 

The  Eegistration  Officer. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  FRANCHISES.  589 


No.   3. 

MEMORANDUM  (a)  AS  TO  THE    FEANCHISES 
CREATED  BY  THE  PRESENT  ACT. 

R.  P.  6. 

PARLIAMENTARY  AND  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FRANCHISES. 
Definitions. 

A  person's  age  is  that  person's  age  on  the  last  day  of  tho 
qualifying  period  (&). 

The  expression  "  qualifying  period  "  means  the  period  of 
six  months  ending  in  the  case  of  the  first  register  on 
the  15th  April,  1918  (c)3  and  in  the  case  of  registers 
in  subsequent  years  on  the  15th  day  of  January  (d) 
or  the  15th  day  of  July  (d),  including  in  each  "case 
the  fifteenth  day,  but  in  the  application  of  this  ex- 
pression to  a  person  who  is  a  naval  or  military  voter, 
or  who  has  been  serving  as  a  member  of  the  naval, 
military  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown  at  any  time  during 
the  period  of  such  six  months,  and  has  ceased  so  to  serve, 
one  month  is  to  be  substituted  for  six  months  (e). 

The  expression  "  constituency  "  means  any  county,  borough, 
or  combination  of  places,  or  university*  or  combination 
of  universities,  returning  a  member  to  serve  in  Parlia- 
ment; and  where  a  county  or  borough  is  divided  for 
the  purpose  of  parliamentary  elections  means  a  division 
of  the  county  or  borough  so  divided  (/) . 

The  expression  "  local  government  electoral  area "  means 
the  area  for  which  any  county  council,  municipal 
borough  council,  metropolitan  borough  council,  district 
council,  board  of  guardians,  parish  council,  or  any  other 
body  elected  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  the  Act  by 
persons  on  the  local  government  register  or  on  the 
register  of  parochial  electors  is  elected  (gr). 

The  "  yearly  value  "  of  land  or  premises  is  to  be  taken  to 
be  the  gross  estimated  rental,  or  in  the  metropolis  the 
gross  value,  where  those  premises  are  separately  assessed 
to  rates  and  in  any  other  case  is  to  be  deemed  to  be  tlie 
amount  which  would  in  the  opinion  of  the  registration 
officer  be  the  gross  estimated  rental  or  gross  value,  as 
the  case  requires,  if  they  were  separately  assessed  (h). 

(a)  This  memorandum  was  sent  by  the  Local   Government  Board  to 
Registration  Officers  together  with  the   Directions  set  out  on  pp.   579 — 
588,  supra,  and  is  referred  to  in  such  Directions  at  pp.  580  and  585,  supra. 

(b)  See  p.  4,  supra. 

(c)  See  pp.  128—129,  supra. 

(d)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  supra, 
(c)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  supra. 

(/)  See  sect.  41  (1),  p.  305,  supra. 

Iff)  See  sect.  41  (2),  pp.  305—306,  supra. 

(h)  See  sect.  41  (9),  pp.  307—308,  supra,  and  pp.  28—33,  68—70,  supra. 


590  APPENDIX  I. 

The  expression  "  dwelling  house  "  includes  any  part  of  a 
house  where  that  part  is  occupied  separately  a?  a 
dwelling  house  (i). 

PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE  (MEN). 

1 .  A  man  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector 
for  a  constituency  if  he  is  a  British  subject  of  full  age  and  not 
subject  to  any  legal  incapacity  and  has  either— 

(i)  The  requisite  residence  qualification,  or 
(ii)  The  requisite  business  premises  qualification  (&)-. 

2.  Residence   Qualification. — In  order  to  have  this  qualifica- 
tion a  man — 

(a)  Must,  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period,*  be  resid- 

ing in  premises  in  the  constituency,  and 

(b)  Must,  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying  period,*  have 

resided  in  premises  in  the  constituency  (I),  subject,  how- 
ever, to  the  provisions  in  regard  to  successive  residence 
hereinafter  mentioned.  (See  paras.  17  and  19,) 

3.  A  man,  who  is  an  inmate  or  patient  in  any  prison,  lunatic 
asylum,  workhouse,  poorhouse,  or  any  other  similar  institution, 
is  not  to  be  treated  as  resident  therein  for  the  purposes  of  this 
qualification  (m). 

4.  Business   Premises    Qualification. — In    order   to   have    thi-> 

qualification  a  man — 

(a)  Must,  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period,*  be  occupy- 

ing business  premises  in  the  constituency,  and 

(b)  Must,  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying  period,*  have 

occupied  business  premises  in  the  constituency  {n},  sub- 
ject, however,  to  the  provisions  in  regard  to  the  suc- 
cessive occupation  of  premises  hereinafter  mentioned, 
(See  para.  17.) 

5.  The  expression  business  premises  means  land  or  other  pre- 
mises of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  £10,  occupied  for  the 
purpose  of  the  business,  profession,  or  trade  of  the  person  to  be 
registered  (o). 

PARLIAMENTARY  FRANCHISE  (WOMEN). 

6.  A  woman  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliaments^- 
elector  if  she  is  a  British  subject,  and  has  attained  the  age  of 
30  years  and  is  not  subject  to  any  legal  incapacity  and  has  the. 
requisite  qualification  (p}. 

7.  In  order  to  have  the  requisite  qualification,  which  is  based 

*  N.B.— In  the  case  of  the  first  register  the  qualifying  period  is  the 
six  months  ending  on  the  15th  April,  1918. 

(i)  See  sect.  41  (8),  p.  307,  supra^  and  pp.  49 — 54,  70,  supra. 

(Jc)  See  sect.  1,  pp.  1 — 3,  supra. 

(T)  See  pp.  9—24,  supra. 

(m)  See  sect.  41  (5),  p.  306,  supra. 

(n)  See  pp.  24—37,  supra. 

(o)  See  pp.  28—36,  supra. 

(p)  See  sect.  4  (1),  p.  63,  supra. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  FRANCHISES.  591 

on  such  occupation  in  a  constituency  of  land  or  premises  aa 
confers  the  local  government  franchise,  the  woman  or  (if  she 
is  married  and  is  not  herself  the  occupying  owner  or  tenant)  her 
husband  :  — 

(a)  Must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period*  be  occupy- 

ing as  owner  or  tenant  land  or  premises  (other  than  a 
dwelling  house)  of  a  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  £5, 
or  a  dwelling  house,  and 

(b)  Must  during  the   whole  of  the   qualifying  period*   have- 

so  occupied  land  or  premises  (other  than  a  dwelling 
house)  of  the  yearly  value  of  not  less  than  £5,  or  a 
dwelling  house  (g). 

8.  For  the  purposes  of  this  franchise  the  following  points 
should  be  noted:  — 

(i)  A  dwelling  house  may  be  part  of  a  house  if  such  part  is 
occupied  .separately  as  a  dwelling  house  (r). 

(ii)  A  lodger  is  not  to  be  considered  as  a  tenant  unless  the 
lodging  is  let  to  her  or  him  in  an  unfurnished  state  (s). 

(iii)  A  person  who  inhabits  a  dwelling  house,  as  above  defined, 
by  virtue  of  any  office,  service,  or  employment  is,  if  the 
dwelling  house  is  not  inhabited  by  the  person  in  whose 
service  she  or  he  is  in  such  office,  service  or  employ- 
ment, deemed  to  occupy  the  dwelling  house  as  a 
tenant  £. 


SPECIAL   PARLIAMENTARY   FRANCHISE    FOR   NAVAL   OR    MILITARY 

VOTERS. 

9.  A  naval  or  military  voter  may  be  a  man  or  a  woman  who  is 
engaged  in  such  service  as  hereinafter  mentioned,  and  will  be 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary   elector   for   any 
constituency  for  which  he  or  she  would  have  had  the  necessary 
qualification  but  for  his  or  her  service.     A  naval  or  military 
voter  must  be  a  British  subject  and  must,  if  a  man,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  his  service  have  attained,  or  during  his  service- 
attain,  the  age  of  19  years,  and,  if  a  woman,  must  have  attained 
the  age  of  30  years,  and  in  either  case  must  not  be  subject  to 
any  legal  incapacity  (u), 

10.  In  order  to  rank  as  a  naval  or  military  voter  a  person 
must  — 

(i)  be  serving  on  full  pay  as  a  member  of  any  of  the  naval, 

military,  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown,  or 
(ii)  be  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection  with  any  war  in  which 

His  Majesty  is  engaged,  and  be:  — 

(a)  in  service  of  a  naval  or  military   character  for 

*  ET.B.  —  In  the  case  of  the  first  register  the  qualifying  period  is  the 
six  months  ending  on  the  15th  April,  1918. 

(q)  See  pp.  68—72,  supra. 

(r)  See  sect.  41  (8),  p.  307,  titpra,  and  pp.  49—54,  70,  supra. 

(s)  Seep.  69,  supra. 

(t)  See  pp.  69,  49—56,  supra. 

(u)  See  sect.  5  (1)  and  (3),  p.  76—79,  supra. 


592  APPENDIX  I. 

which  payment  is  made  out  of  moneys  provided  by  Par- 
liament, or  (where  the  person  serving  was  at  the  com- 
mencement of  his  or  her  service  resident  in  the  United 
Kingdom)  out  of  the  public  funds  of  any  part  of  His 
Majesty's  Dominions,  or^in  service  as  a  merchant  sea- 
man, pilot,  or  fishermanfincluding  the  master  of  a  mer- 
chant ship  or  fishing  boat  and  an  apprentice  on  such  a 
ship  or  boat,  or 

(b)  serving  in  any  work  of  the  British   Bed  Cross'. 
Society,   or   the   Order   of   St.  John    of   Jerusalem   in 
England,  or  any  body  with  a  similar  object,  or 

(c)  serving    in    any    other    work    recognised    by    the 
Admiralty,  Army  Council,  or  Air  Council,  as  work  of 
national  importance  in  connection  with  the  war  (a;). 

11.  The  right  of  a  naval  or  military  voter  to  be  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  elector  is  to  be  in  addition  to  any  other  right 
to  be  registered  (y}.     But  a  male  naval  or  military  voter  is  not 
to  be  entitled  to  be  registered  for  a  constituency  in  respect  of  an 
actual  residence  qualification  in  the  constituency  except  on  mak- 
ing a  claim  for  the  purpose,  accompanied  by  a  declaration  in 
the  prescribed  form,  that  he  has  taken  reasonable  steps  to  pre- 
vent his  being  registered  as  a  naval  or  military  voter  for  any 
other  constituency  (z). 

12.  The  statement  of  any  person,  made  in  the  prescribed  form 
and  verified  in  the  prescribed  manner  that  he  or  she  would  have 
had  the  necessary  qualification  in  a  constituency  but  for  the 
service  which  entitled  him  or  her  to  rank  as  a  naval  or  military 
voter  is  to  be  sufficient  for  all  purposes  of  such  qualification, 
if  there  is  no  evidence  to  the  contrary  (a). 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FBANCHISE. 

13.  A  man  or  woman  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  for  a  local  government  electoral  area  if  he 
or  she  is  a  British  subject  of  full  age  and  not  subject  to  any 
legal  incapacity  and  has  the  requisite  qualification  (&). 

14.  In  order  to  have  the  requisite  qualification  the  man  or 
woman: — 

(a)  must  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period*  be  occupy- 

ing as  owner  or  tenant  land  or  pTemises  in  the  local 
government  electoral  area,  and 

(b)  must  during  the  whole  of  the  qualifying  period*  have  so 

occupied  land  or  premises  in  the  local  government  elec- 
toral area  (c),  subject,  however,  to  the  provisions  in 

*  N.B. — In  the  case  of  the  first  register  the  qualifying  period  is  the 
six  months  ending  on  the  15th  April,  1918. 

(x)  See  sect.  5  (3),  and  pp.  82—85,  supra. 

(y}  See  pp.  91,  92,  supra. 

(z)  See  sect.  5  (1),  and  pp.  91 — 93,  supra. 

(a]  See  sect.  5  (2),  and  pp.  88—90,  supra. 

(b)  See  as  to  men,  sect.  3,  pp.  40,  41,  supra,  anl  as  to  women,  sect 
4  (3),  pp.  64,  65,  supra. 

(c}  See  as  to  men,  pp.  43  —  62,  supra,  and  as  to  women,  p.  74,  supra. 


MKMOKANiHJM  AS  TO  FRANCHISE.  593 

regard  to  the  successive  occupation  of  land  or  premises 
as  hereinafter  mentioned.  (See  paras.  18  and  19.) 

15.  A  woman  who  has  attained  the  age  of  30  years,  and  is  not 
subject  to  any  legal  incapacity,  will  be  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  a  local  government  elector  where  she  is  the  wife  of  a  man 
v/ho  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local  government  elector  in 
respect  of  premises  in  which  they  both  reside,  imd  for  this  purpose 
n  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  registered  in  respect  of  a  resi- 
dence qualification  which  he  would  h#ve  had  but  for  his  service, 
is  to  be  deemed  to  be  resident  in  accordance  with  that  qualifica- 
tion (d}. 

16.  The    expression    '*  tenant  ''    includes    a    man    or  woman, 
who — 

(a)  himself  or  herself  inhabits  any  dwelling-house,  or  part 

of  a  house  occupied  separately  as  a  dwelling-house,  by 
virtue  of  any  office,  service,  or  employment  if  the 
dwelling-house  or  the  part  so  occupied  separately  is 
not  inhabited  by  the  person  in  whose  service  he  or  she 
is  in  such  office,  service,  or  employment  (e],  or 

(b)  occupies  a  room  or  rooms  as  a  lodger  provided  that  such 

room  or  rooms  are  let  to  him  or  her  in  an  unfurnished 
state  (/). 

SUCCESSIVE  RESIDENCE  on  OCCUPATION. 

17.  Parliamentary  Franchise. — A  man,   though  he  may   have 
resided  in  premises  or  occupied  business  premises,  as  the  case 
may  be,  in  the  constituency  for  a  part  only  of  the  qualifying 
poriod,  as  mentioned  in  paras.   2  and  4,  will,  nevertheless,  be 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  if,  throughout 
the  remainder  of  the  qualifying  period,  he  resided  in  premises  or 
occupied  business  premises,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  another  con- 
stituency within  the  same  parliamentary  borough  or  parliamen- 
tary count}7,  or  within  a  parliamentary  borough  or  parliamentary 
county  contiguous  to  that  borough  or  county,  or  separated  from 
that  borough  or  county  by  water,  not  exceeding  at  the  nearest, 
point  fi  miles  in  breadth,  measured  in  the  case  of  tidal  water 
from  low- water  mark  (r/).      For  the  purpose  of   this  provision 
the  Administrative  County  of  London  is  to  be  treated  as  a  par- 
liamentary borough  (h). 

18.  Local  Government  Franchise. — A  man  or  woman,  though 
he  or  she  may  have  occupied  land  or  premises  in  the  local  govern- 
ment area,  for  a  part  only  of  the  qualifying  period,  as  mentioned 
in  para.  14,  will,  nevertheless,  where  the  local  government  area  is 
not  an  administrative  county  or  county  borough,  be  entitled  to  be 
registered  as  a  local  government  elector,  if,  throughout  the  re- 

(d)  See  sect.  4  (3)  (ft),  and  pp.  75,  76,  supra. 

(e)  See  pp.  49 — 56,  supra. 
(/)  See  pp.  57 — 61,  wpra. 

(V)  See  sect.  1  (2)  (*),  pp.  2,  3,  and  pp.  23—24,  supra. 
(A)  See  sect.  1  (2)  (*},  p.  3,  supra. 

F.  38 


594  APPENDIX  I. 

mainder  of  the  qualifying  period,  he  or  she  occupied  land  or 
premises  in  any  administrative  county  or  county  borough  in  which 
the  local  government  area  is  wholly  or  partly  situate  (t) . 

19.  In  connection  with  the  two  preceding  paragraphs  it  should 
be  borne  in  mind  that — 

(i)  A  man  is  not  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
elector  for  a  constituency  in  respect  of  a  residence  quali- 
fication though  he  may  have  been  residing  in  premises 
in  the  constituency  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period,  if  he  commenced  to  reside  in  the  constituency 
within  thirty  days  before  the  end  of  the  qualifying 
period,  and  ceased  to  reside  within  thirty  days  after  the 
time  when  he  so  commenced  to  reside  (&). 

(ii)  A  man  or  woman  is  not  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  local 
government  elector  for  a  local  government  electoral  area 
though  he  or  she  may  have  been  occupying  land  or 
premises  in  the  area  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying 
period,  if  he  or  she  commenced  to  occupy  the  land  or 
P'remises  within  thirty  days  before  the  -end  of  the  qualify- 
ing period,  and  ceased  to  occupy  the  land  or  premises 
within  thirty  days  after  the  commencement  of  the 
occupation  (I). 

JOINT  OCCUPATION. 

20.  Where  land  or  premises  are  in   the   joint  occupation  of 
two  or  more  persons,  each  of  the  joint  occupiers  is  to  be  treated 
as  occupying  the  premises,  subject  as   follows:  — 

(a)  In  the  case  of  the  business  premises  qualification  for  the 

purpose  of  the  parliamentary  franchise  the  aggregate 
yearly  value  of  the  premises  must  be  not  less  than  the 
amount  produced  by  multiplying  ten  pounds  by  the 
number  of  the  joint  occupiers  (m) ;  and 

(b)  In  the  case  of  the  occupation  of  land  or  premises  (not 

being  a  dwelling-house)  the  aggregate  yearly  value 
thereof  must  for  the  purpose  of  the  parliamentary  fran- 
chise of  women  be  not  less  than  the  amount  produced  by 
multiplying  five  pounds  by  the  number  of  joint 
occupiers  (ft);  and 

(c)  Not  more  than  two  joint  occupiers  are  to  be  entitled  to 

be  registered  in  respect  of  the  same  land  or  premises, 
unless  they  are  bond  fide  engaged  as  partners  carrying 
on  their  profession,  trade  or  business  on  the  land  or 
premises  (o). 

(*)  See  pp.  61,  62,  supra. 

(k)  See  sect.  7  (3),  p.  99,  supra,  and  pp.  10,  11,  supra. 
1}  See  sect.  7  (3),  and  p.  43,  supra, 
(m}  See  sect.  7  (1),  p.  98,  and  p.  37,  supra. 
'«)  See  sect.  7  (1),  p.  98,  and  p.  69,  supra. 

to)  See  sect.  1,  pp.  1—3,  sect.  3,  pp.  40,  41,  56,  57,  59,  sect.  4,  pp.  63 
— 65,  69,  supra. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  FRANCHISE.  505 


INTEREUPTION  OF  EESIDENCE  OB  OCCUPATION. 

21.  Residence  in  a  house  or  the  occupation  of  a  house  by  a 
person  is  not  to  be  deemed  to  be  interrupted  by  reason  only  of 
permission  being  given,  by  letting  or  otherwise,  for  the  occu- 
pation of  the  house,  as  a  furnished  house,  by  some  other  person 
for  part  of  the  qualifying  period  not  exceeding  four  months  in 
the  whole  (p),  or  by  reason  only  of  notice  to  quit  being  served 
and  possession  being  demanded  by  the  landlord  of  the  house  (gr); 
but  the  express  enactment  of  this  provision  is  not  to  affect  in  any 
way  the  general  principles  governing  the  interpretation  of  the 
expression  "  residence  '    and  cognate  expressions  (r) . 

PROVISIONS  AS  TO  DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

22.  A  person  is  no  longer  disqualified  from  being  registered 
as  a  parliamentary  or  local  government  elector  by  reason  that 
he  or  some  person  for  whose  maintenance  he  is  responsible  has 
received  poor  relief  or  other  alms  («). 

23.  A  conscientious  objector  who  either — 

(a)  Has  been  exempted  from  all  military  service   (including 

non-combatant  service)  on  the  ground  of  conscientious 
objection,  or 

(b)  Having  been  convicted  by-  a  court  martial  of  an  offence 

against  military  law,  and  having  represented  that  the 
offence  was  the  result  of  conscientious  objection  to  mili- 
tary service,  has  been  awarded  imprisonment  or 
detention, 

is  disqualified  during  the  continuance  of  the  war  and  a  period 
of  five  years  thereafter  from  being  registered  as  a  parliamentary 
or  local  government  elector  unless  before  the  expiration  of  one 
year  after  the  termination  of  the  war  he  proves  to  the  Central 
Tribunal  as  established  for  the  purposes  of  the  Military  Service 
Act,  1916,  and  obtains  from  that  Tribunal  a  certificate  to  the 
effect — 

(i)  That  he  has  during  the  continuance  of  the  war  taken  up 
and,  so  far  as  reasonably  practicable,  continued  service 
which  constitutes  a  person  (other  than  a  person  serving 
on  full  pay  as  a  member  of  the  naval,  military  or  air 
forces  of  the  Crown)  a  naval  or  military  voter,  or 
(ii)  That,  having  been  exempted  from  military  service  on 
condition  of  doing  work  of  national  importance,  he  has 
done  such  work  in  accordance  with  the  decision  and  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  appropriate  tribunal  or  authority, 
or 

(iii)  That,  having  obtained  an  absolute  exemption  from  mili- 
tary service  without  any  such  condition,  he  has  (whether 
before  or  after  the  6th  February,  1918)  been  engaged 

(p)  See  pp.  16—23,  27,  28,  45,  46,  *npra. 

(q)  See  pp.  23,  28,  46,  46,  supra. 

(r)  See  p.  11,  supra. 

(«)  See  sect.  9  (1),  pp.  112,  116,  117,  supra. 

38  (2) 


590  APPENDIX  I. 

in  and,  so  far  as  reasonably  practicable,  continued  some 
work  of  national  importance  (£). 

24.  If  a  conscientious  objector  disqualified  as  above-mentioned 
would  have  been  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  or 
local  government  elector  but  for  that  disqualification,  the  dis- 
qualification is  not  to  extend  so  as  to  affect  the  right  of  his 
wife  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  or  local  government 
elector,  as  the  case  may  be  (w). 

25.  A  man  or  woman  is  not  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parlia- 
mentary or  local  government  elector,  if  he  or  she  is  not  a  British 
subject,  and  nothing  in  the  Act,  except  as  expressly  provided, 
is  to  confer  on  any  person,  whether  a  man  or  a  woman,  who  is 
subject  to   any   legal  incapacity  to  be   registered   either   as   a 
parliamentary  or  local  government  elector,  any  right  to  be  so 
registered  (x). 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD. 
March,  1918. 


(t)  See  sect.  9  (2),  pp.  112—114,  117—121,  *upra. 
w)  See  p.  121,  supra. 
*)  See  sect.  9  (3),  pp.  114,  115,  120,  121,  «,/»•</. 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  OVERSEERS.  597 


No.   4. 

MEMORANDUM  (a)  OF  INSTRUCTIONS  BY 
REGISTRATION  OFFICERS  TO  OVERSEERS 
OR  OTHER  PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  THE 
PREPARATION  AND  PUBLICATION  OF 
THE  LISTS  OF  ELECTORS. 

1 . — FRANCHISES. 

The  Statement  as  to  the  Parliamentary  and  Local  Government 
Franchises  which  accompanies  these  Instructions  will  inform  you 
generally  as  to  the  persons  entitled  to  be  registered  as  parlia- 
mentary and  local  government  electors  respectively  under  the 
Act. 

2. — INQUIRIES  AS  TO  PERSONS  ENTITLED  TO  BE  EEGISTERED. 

Upon  receipt  of  these  instructions  you  should  at  once  arrange 
for  a  survey  of  the  parish  or  other  area  (6)  for  which  the  electors 
lists  will  be  compiled  by  you,  keeping  in  view  the  most  con- 
venient way  of  doing  this  for  the  purpose  of  making  out  the  lists 
in  alphabetical  or  in  street  order  (c),  as  the  case  may  be.  The 
rate  book  will  be,  of  assistance  to  you  in  arranging  for  this  survey. 
Hule  6  (c£)  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Act  requires  a  hou£~ 
to  house  or  other  sufficient  inquiry  to  be  made,  and  having  regard 
to  the  large  number  of  persons  who  will  be  entitled  to  be  regis- 
tered in  respect  of  a  residential  qualification  it  is  essential  that 
a  house  to  house  inquiry  should  be  made  in  practically  all  cases. 
For  the  purpose  of  eliciting  the  necessary  information  you  should 
supply  each  householder  or  occupier  with  Form  A.  (e)  (copies  of 
which  will  be  supplied  to  you).  Where  there  may  be  more  than 
one  person  in  occupation  of  premises,  e.g.,  a  house  occupied 
partly  as  a  dwelling-house  and  partly  as  business  premises,  or  a 
house  comprising  flats,  or  partly  let  out  as  unfurnished  rooms, 
Form  A.  should  be  left  with  each  occupier.  In  some  cases,  such 
as  a  building  containing  a  number  of  separate  dwellings,  or 
suites  of  offices,  it  may  be  necessary  to  obtain  information 
from  the  owner  or  his  agent  as  to  the  several  occupiers,  and  for 


(a)  This  memorandum  was  sent  by  the  Local  •  Government  Board  to 
Registration  Officers,  together  with  the  Directions  set  out  on  pp.  579 — 
588,  supra,  and  is  referred  to  in  such  Directions  at  pp.  580  and  582,  supra. 

(b)  See  Rule  1,  p.  339,  supra, 
tc)  See  Rule  4,  p.  340,  supra. 

(d)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  341,  supra. 

(«)  For  this  Form,  see  pp.  556—560,  suprn. 


598  APPENDIX  I. 

this  purpose  a  special  Form  E.  (/),  copies  of  which  may  be 
obtained  from  me,  should  be  used,  so  that  when  information  as  to 
these  occupiers  has  been  obtained  Form  A.  (g}  may  be  left  with 
each  of  them.  This  use  of  Form  A.  will  provide  a  convenient 
means  of  ascertaining  the  persons  resident  in  or  occupying  pre- 
mises who  may  be  entitled  to  registration  either  as  parliamen- 
tary or  as  local  government  electors. 

Before  .leaving  the  Form  you  should  insert  in  the  space  for 
the  address  the  address  to  which  it,  if  sent  by  post,  is  to  be 
returned.  A  rubber  stamp  can  be  conveniently  used  for  this 
purpose.  The  spaces  showing  the  date  of  delivery  of  the  Form, 
and  the  number  of  days  within  which  it,  if  not  called  for,  is  to 
be  returned  by  post,  must  also  be  filled  in. 

In  leaving  the  Form  you  should  give  any  explanation  you 
think  will  assist  its  being  filled  up.  It  should  usually  be  called 
'for,  as  you  will  then  see  whether  it  has  been  filled  in  properly. 

In  some  instances  it  may  be  found  necessary  at  a  later  period 
to  make  a  formal  service  of  Form  A.  in  accordance  with  Rule 
35  (&),  but  you  should  communicate  with  me  before  making  any 
such  formal  service  explaining  the  circumstances  in  which  it 
is  needed. 

As  soon  as  Form  A.  (g}  has  been  returned  to  you,  and  it  has 
been  verified  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  by  the  rate  book  or 
otherwise,  you  will  be  in  a  position  to  proceed  with  the  making 
up  of  the  lists  in  the  manner  required  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
the  register. 

3. — MODE  OF  MAKING  OUT  ELECTORS  LISTS. 

The  electors  lists  will  be  made  out  for  each  registration  unit  (i) 
in  three  divisions  (&): — 

Division  I.  is  to  comprise  the  names  of  those  persons  who  are 
entitled  to  be  registered  both  as  parliamentary  and  local  govern- 
ment electors. 

Division  II.  is  to  comprise  the  names  of  those  persons  who  are 
entitled  to  be  registered  as  parliamentary  electors  but  not  as 
local  government  electors. 

Division  III.  is  to  comprise  the  names  of  those  persons  who 
are  entitled  to  be  registered  as  local  government  electors  but 
not  as  parliamentary  electors. 

Each  parish  will  be  a  registration  unit  (i)  unless  the  parish  is 
contained  in  more  than  one  voting  area,  that  is,  any  polling 
district,  electoral  division,  borough  and  urban  district,  and  any 
ward  of  a  borough,  urban  district,  or  parish,  or  any  other  area 
for  which  a  separate  election  is  held  at  which  the  register  is  to 
be  used.  In  such  a  case  each  part  of  the  parish  for  which  a 

(/)  For  this  Form,  see  pp.  560 — 561,  supra. 

(g}  For  this  Form,  see  pp.  556 — 560,  supra. 

(A)  For  this  Rule,  see  p.  352,  supra. 

(i)  See  Rule  1 ,  p.  339,  supra. 

(*)  See  Rule  2,  pp.  339—340,  ntpra. 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  OVEK6EEKS.  699 

separate  part  of  tlie  register  is  required  for  the  purpose  of  form- 
ing the  register  for  each  voting  area  will  be  a  registration  unit, 
and  you  will  make  out  separate  lists  for  each  registration  unit. 

The  names  in  the  lists  will  be  entered  in  alphabetical  order 
if  ilie  registration  unit  is  situated  in  a  parliamentary  county, 
and  in  street  order  if  the  unit  is  situated  in  a  parliamentary 
borough  (I).  You  will  therefore  make  out  the  lists  accordingly, 
unless  you  receive  from  me  directions  to  the  contrary. 

You  will  be  supplied  with  sheets  corresponding  to  the  form  (m) 
prescribed  for  the  register,  and  you  will  enter  therein  the  names 
of  and  other  particulars  required  relative  to  the  electors.  As  a 
heading  to  each  sheet  you  will  indicate  the  polling  district  which 
forms  the  registration  unit  or  in  which  the  registration  unit  is 
comprised,  and  give  the  name  of  the  parish,  or  if  the  parish  is 
not  the  registration  unit  the  description  of  the  unit,  and  the 
appropriate  Division  of  the  lists.  You  will  receive  instructions 
from  me  as  to  the-  particulars  to  be  inserted  in  the  title  page- 
for  each  unit. 

4. — ENTRIES  IN  LISTS. 

(1)  In  Column  1  you  will  not  make  any  entries,  nor  should  any 
mavk  be  placed   against  the  name  of   any   person    unless  you 
receive   special  direction   from  me. 

(2)  In  Column  2  you  will  enter  the  surname  and  other  name 
or  names  of  each  person  in  full,  the  surname  being  placed  first. 
If  the  names  in  the  list  are  to  be  arranged  in  street  order  the* 
names  of  persons  residing  or  occupying  property  at  the  same 
address  as  shown  in  column  3  must  be  placed  in  strict  alpha- 
betical order. 

(3)  In  Column  3  you  will  enter  the  address  or  description  of 
the  premises  in  which  the  person   resided   or  of  the  property 
occupied  by  him  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period,  which 
is  for  the  purposes  of  the  first  register  the  15th  April,  1918  (n). 
The  address  of  residence  or  property  occupied  before  that  date 
should  not  be  inserted. 

If  the  person  does  not  reside  on  the  premises  you  should, 
also  enter  in  this  column  his  or  her  actual  abodo,  or  if  he  or 
she  has  no  settled  residence  the  address  to  which  postal  com- 
munications will  be  sent.  Thus  (abode — 34,  Duke  Street, 
Exeter).  In  the  case  of  a  naval  or  military  voter,  however,  no 
such  address  should  be  entered. 

Where  the  names  are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  the 
name  of  the  parish  should  not  be  inserted  as  part  of  the  address 
of  the  qualifying  premises.  Where  the  names  are  arranged  in 
street  order,  the  name  of  the  street  in  which  is  situate  the 
qualifying  premises  should  be  inserted  as  a  cross  heading,  and 
the  name  or  number  of  the  premises  only  should  be  inserted 
opposite  the  entry. 

(1}  See  Rule  4,  p.  340,  supra. 

(m)  For  Form  of  Register,  see  pp.  577 — 578,  supra. 

(n]  See  pp.  613—  614,  infrtt. 


600  APPENDIX  I. 

(4)  The  name  of  a  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  still  in  occu- 
pation of  business  premises  or  of  promises  in  which  he  would 
be  residing  but  for  his  service  (o)  should  ordinarily  be  entered 
in  Division  I.,  as  he  will  be  a  local  government  voter  as  well  as 
a  parliamentary  voter.    Otherwise  naval  or  military  voters  should 
be  entered  in  Division  II.  only. 

(5)  In  Column  4  of  each  Division  you  will  make  the  necessary 
entries,  '.showing  the  nature  of  the  qualification   in   respect  of 
which  persons  are  entitled  to  be  registered.     The  various  quali- 
fications will  be  indicated  by  distinguishing  letters,  as  follows:  — 

E.  =  residence  qualification. 

B. P.  =  business  premises  qualification. 

0.  =  occupation  qualification. 

H.O.  —  qualification  by  virtue  of  a  husband's  occupation  quali- 
fication. 

N.M.  —  naval  or  military  voter. 

(i)  In  Division  I.,  Column  4  is  sub-divided  into  two  parts  for 
parliamentary  and  local  government  purposes  respectively. 

In  the  case  of  a  man  residing  in  and  occupying  the  qualifying 
premises,  whether  business  premises  or  not,  the  entries 
will  be  K.  in  the  first  sub-division  and  O.  in  the  second. 

In  the  case  of  a  man  who  is  qualified  as  the  occupier  of  busi- 
ness premises  and  is  not  resident  in  the  qualifying  pre- 
mises, the  entries  will  be  B.P.  in  the  first  sub-division 
and  O.  in  the  second. 

In  the  case  of  a  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  also  in  occu- 
pation of  premises,  the  entries  will  be  N.M.  in  the  first 
sub-division  and  O.  in  the  second. 

In  the  case  of  a  woman  who  is  resident  with  her  husband  in 
premises  occupied  by  him  or  who  is  the  wife  of  a,  naval 
or  military  voter  and  would  have  so  resided  with  her 
husband  but  for  his  service,  the  entry  in  each  sub- 
division will  be  H.O. 

In  the  case  of  a  woman  who  is  herself  the  occupier  of  a 
dwelling-house,  or  of  other  property  of  a  yearly  value 
of  not  leys  than  £5,  the  entry  will  be  O.  in  each  sub- 
division. 

Where  a  person  resides  in  a  dwelling-house  which  he  occupies 
by  virtue  of  service,  or  in  lodgings  let  unfurnished, 
the  entries,  respectively,  will  be,  in  the  case  of  a  man, 
B.  and  O.,  and  in  the  case  of  a  woman,  O.  and  0. 

(ii)  In  Column  4  of  Division  II.  only  single  entries  will  be 
required. 

In  the  case  of  a  man  residing  in  premises,  the  entry  will  be  R. 

In  the  case  of  a  naval  or  military  voter  the  entry  will  be 
JN  .JM.. 

In  the  case  of  a  woman  who  is  the  wife  of  a  man  occupying 
land  or  premises  (not  being  a  dwelling-house)  of  the 
yearly  value  of  not  less  than  £5,  the  "entry  will  be  H.O. 

(iii)  The  entry  in  Column  4  of  Division  III.  will  ordinarily 
be  0. 

(0)  See  pp    86 — 91,  xi<pr<t. 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  OVERSEERS.  601 

The  tables  appended  (/>),  which  give  examples  as  to  the  com- 
pilatiou  pi  the  register,  indicate  how  the  several  columns  are 
to  be  filled. 

These  instructions  ax  to  entries  in  lists  must  be  strictly  ad- 
hered to. 

5. — NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

The  general  scheme  for  the  registration  of  naval  or  military 
voters  is  explained  in  the  appended  memorandum  (q).  In  the 
course  of  your  enquiries  you  will  obtain  information  as  to  the 
persons  who  appear  to  be  entitled  to  registration  as  such  voters. 
You  should  keep  notes  of  such  cases  for*comparison  with  the  cards 
which  I  shall  send  containing  the  statements  (/•)  made  by  these 
persons  as  to  their  right  to  registration,  and  you  will  be  thus 
enabled  in  most  cases  to  place  the  names  in  the  appropriate 
Division  of  the  lists.  The  cards  should  be  returned  to  me  when 
dealt  with.  If  any  difficulty  arises  in  a  particular  case  you  should 
report  it  to  me  for  further  investigation. 

6. — DEALING  WITH  MANUSCRIPT  LISTS. 

If  your  Parish  comprises  more  than  one  registration  unit  (s), 
,you  are  to  forward  to  me  the  lists  for  each  registration  unit  as 
and  when  those  lists  are  made  up,  without  waiting  for  the  com- 
pk'tion  of  the  lists  of  the  whole  parish.  The  draft  or  a  copy 
•of  the  lists  should  be  retained  by  you. 

The  arrangements  for  printing  the  liwts  will  be  made  by  me, 
and  you  will  be  informed  whether  the  manuscript  lists  are  to 
be  sent  to  the  printers  direct,  or  through  me,  and  also  what 
work  is  to  be  done  in  the  examination  and  correction  of  the 
proofs. . 

7. — PUBLICATION  OF  LISTS. 

When  you  receive  the  final  prints  of  the  electors  lists  relating 
to  your  parish,  or  to  any  registration  unit  forming  part  of  the 
parish,  you  are  to  publish  those  lists  (£)  on  my  behalf  in  the 
parish  or  registration  unit,  as  the  case  may  be,  on  or  before  the 
loth  June,  1918  (*«),  in  the  case  of  the  first  register,  and  on 
•or  before  the  1st  February  (»)  and  the  1st  August  (#)  in  the 
case  of  registers  in  normal  years.  The  mode  of  publication  (y] 
'will  be  by  making  copies  available  for  inspection:  — 

(i)  By  depositing*  a  copy  in  the  chief  post  office  in  the  parish 

*  This  will  be  subject  to  direction  by  the  Postmaster  General. 


'/>)  See  pp.  603—604,  infra. 
//}  See  pp.  605—609,  infra. 

(V)  See  sect.  5  (2),  p.  77,  supra,  and  Forms  set  out  on  pp.  571 — 574,  supra. 
•s)  See  Rule  1,  p.  339,  supra,  and  paragraph  3,  pp.  598—599,  supra. 
t]  See  Rules  6  and  7,  pp.  341—342,  *upra. 
(It)  See  pp.  613—614,  infra. 
;»  See  Rule  6,  p.  341,  tttpra. 
•(//)  See  Rule  31,  pp.  350—351,  tup™. 


602  APPENDIX  I. 

or  registration  unit  to  which  the  lists  relate,  or  if  such 
deposit  cannot  be  made, 
(ii)  By  depositing   a  copy  in  some   other    convenient   place 

in  that  parish  or  registration  unit,  and 

(iii)  Exhibiting    copies    in    such    other    manner    as    I    may 
instruct  you  as  is  desirable  for  the  purpose  of  bringing 
the  lists  to  the  notice  of  those  interested. 
You  are  also  to  publish  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same- 
manner  the  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list '(a?)  (if  any)  wTiich 
will  be  sent  to  you. 

The  lists  when  published  as  above-mentioned  must  be  kept 
so  published  for  f 

and  if  you   find  any  list   to  be  destroyed,   mutilated,  defaced, 
or  removed  you  are  forthwith  to  place  another  copy  in  its  place. 

8. — SUPPLY  OF  FORMS. 

You  should  be  prepared  to  supply  (zz)  to  any  persons,  who  may 
require  them,  forms  of  claim  to  be  registered  (a)  or  to  be  regis- 
tered correctly  (6)  (as  the  case  may  be)  in  the  electors  lists 
and  of  notices  of  objection  (c)  to  the  registration  of  persons- 
whose  names  are  included  in  the  electors  lists,  or  of  persons 
whose  names  are  included  in  the  list  of  claimants  (d),  and  I 
will  supply  you  with  such  number  of  forms  as  may  be  necessary 
for  this  purpose. 

9. — FURTHER  INFORMATION. 

It  will  be  your  further  duty  at  any  time  to  furnish  me  with 
any  information  required  by  me  respecting  any  persons  resident 
in  or  occupying  land  or  premises  in  your  parish  or  the  removal 
of  any  person  from  the  parish  (e). 

You  will  keep  and  furnish  to  me  a  record  of  any  cases  which 
you  discover  in  making  up  the  lists  of  persons  possessing  dupli- 
cate qualifications  which  may  necessitate  my  striking  out  the 
name,  or  placing  a  mark  against  the  name,  of  any  such  persons 
in  accordance  with  Rules  2  (/)  and  23  (g)  in  the  First  Schedule 
to  the  Act. 

t  The  period  during  which  the  lists  must  be  kept  published  will  be- 
communicated  to  you  in  due  course. 

(-)  See  Rule  8,  p.  342,  xupra. 
(zz)  See  Rule  32,  p.  351,  xupra. 

(a)  For  Forms,  see  pp.  562—568,  supra. 

(b)  For  Form,  see  p.  569,  supra. 

(c)  For  Forms,  see  p.  570,  wprti. 

(d)  For  Forms,  see  pp.  570 — 571,  supra. 

e)  See  Rule  7,  pp.  341—342,  supra. 

f)  For  this  Rule,  see  pp.  339 — 340,  supra. 
See  pp.  347—348,  supra. 


INSTRUCTIONS  TO  OVERSEERS. 

TABLE  I.     (ALPHABETICAL  OEDEE.) 

DIVISION  I. 
Polling  District  D.,  Parish  of  Corting. 


(1) 

Num- 
ber. 

(«) 

Names  in  Full 
(surname  first). 

(3) 

Kesidence  or  Property 
Occupied,  and 
Abode  of  Non-Resident 
Occupier. 

(4) 
Nature  of 
Qualification  . 

».  s- 

Brown,  Arthur  John  .  . 
Carter,  Jessica     .    .  . 

High  Court  Farm  .... 
Rose  Cottage,  Burley 

R.            0. 
H.O.        H.O. 

Carter.  William 

Lane. 
Do. 

N.M.          0. 

Green,  Samuel  

Shop,    Church    Road. 

B.P.           O. 

Matthews   Mabel 

(Abode—  34,    Duke 
Street,  Exeter.) 
Stone  House 

O.            O. 

Smith,  Clarence  John  .  . 

3,  Church  Row  

R.            0. 

Smith,  Elizabeth 

Do 

H.O.        H.O 

DIVISION  II. 
Polling  District  D.,  Parish  of  Corting. 


(1) 

Num- 
ber. 

(2) 

Names  in  Full 
(surname  first). 

(3) 
Residence  or  Property 
Occupied  ,  and 
Abode  of  Non-resident 
Occupier. 

(4) 

Nature  of 
Qualification. 

Archer,  Henry  John  .  . 

Bell  Inn   

R. 

Brown,  James  Arthur. 
Green,  Florence  Emily. 

High  Court  Farm  
Shop,     Church    Road. 
(  Abode  —  34,     Duke 
Street,  Exeter.) 

N.M. 
H.O. 

DIVISION  III. 
Polling  District  D.,  Parish  of  Corting. 


(1) 

Num- 
ber. 

Names  in  Full 
(•urname  first)  . 

(3) 

Residence  or  Property 
Occupied,  and 
Abode  of  Non-resident 
Occupier. 

(4) 

Nature,  of 
Qualification. 

Black,  Violet  Hester.. 

Orchid  Villa    

O. 

Jones,  Joshuti      . 

Land  —  Plough    Lane. 

o 

(Abode  —  15,     Dia- 
mond   Terrace,     11- 
chester.) 

APPENDIX  I. 


(1) 


Num- 
ber. 


TABLE  II.     (STEEET  OEDEE.) 

DIVISION  I. 
Polling  District  D.,  Parish  of  Carting. 


(2) 


Names  in  Full 
(surname  first') . 


(3) 

(4) 

1 

Nature  of 

1 

Qualification. 

Residence  or  Property 
Occupied,  and 
Abode  of  Non-resident 
Occupier. 

Parlia- 
mentary. 

Local 
Govern- 
ment. 

QUEEN  STREET — continued. 

Matthews,  Mabel 21     0.  O. 

Greeu.  Samuel    '22.  (Abode— 34,  Duke  B.P.  O. 

Street,  Exeter.) 

Carter,  Jessica    23     !  H.O.  H.O. 

Carter,  William 23     N.M.    !       O. 

Smith,  Clarence  John.     24     .....         R.  O. 

Smith,  Elizabeth    24     H.O.  H.O. 

Brown,  Arthur  John . .  -  25     j       E.  O. 


DIVISION  II. 
Polliny  District  D.,  Parish  of  Carting. 


(1) 

(2). 

(3) 

(4) 

Residence  or  Property 

Num- 

Names in  Full                           Occupied,  and 

Nature  of 

ber. 

(surname  first).                  Abode  of  Non-resident 

Qualification. 

Occupier. 

QUEEN  STREET — continued. 

Green,  Florence  Emily    22.  (Abode— 34,  Duke  !  H.O. 
Street,  Exeter.) 

Brown,  James  Arthur.     25 .  N.M. 

Archer,  Henry  John. .     Bell  lun  R. 


DIVISION  III. 
Polling  District  D.,  Parish  of  Carting. 


0)                              (2) 

Nuin-               Names  in  Full 
ber.               (surname  first)  . 

1 

(3) 
Residence  or  Property 
Occupied,  and 
Abode  of  Non-resident 
Occupier. 

(4) 

Nature  of 
Qualification. 

QUEEN  STREET — continued. 
Jones,  Joshua  22,  Stables.  (Abode  O. 

— 15,  Diamond  Ter-  j 

race,  Ilehester.) 
Black,  Violet  Hester..  26 !  O. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  NAVAL  OK  MILITARY  VOTERS.      605 


NAVAL  OB  MILITARY  VOTEKS  (h). 

Section  5  (i)  of  the  Act  confers  an  entirely  new  electoral 
qualification  for  per»sons  described,  therein  as  "  naval  or  mili- 
tary voters."  These  comprise  the  following  classes:-— 

1.  Persons  serving  at  home  or  abroad  on  full  pay  as  members 
of  any  of  the  naval,  military  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown. 

2.  The  following  persons  serving  abroad  or  afloat  in  connection 
with  the  war: — 

(a)  Persons  in  service  of  a  naval  or  military  character  for 

which  payment  is  made  out  of  moneys  provided  by  Par- 
liament or  (where  they  were  at  the  commencement  of 
their  service  resident  in  the  United  Kingdom)  out  of 
the  public  funds  of  any  of  the  Dominions. 

(b)  Persons  in  service  as  merchant  seamen,  pilots,  or  fisher- 

men, including  masters  and  apprentices. 

(c)  Persons  serving  in   any  work  of  the   British   Red   Cross 

Society  or  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  in 
England,  or  any  other  body  with  a  similar  object.* 

(d)  Persons    serving   in    any  other   work   recognised   by   the 

Admiralty,  Army  Council  or  Air  Council  as  work  of 
national  importance  in  connection  with  the  war.* 
Males  in  each  of  the  foregoing  classes  are  entitled  to  be  registered 
if  they  have  attained  19  years  of  age,  and  females  if  they  have 
attained  30  years  of  age,  on  the  last  day  of  the  qualifying  period, 
which  in  the  case  of  the  first  register  is  the  15th  April,  1918. 

These  naval  or  military  voters  are  entitled  to  be  registered 
as  parliamentary  voters  for  any  constituency  for  which  they 
would  have  had  the  necessary  qualification  but  for  the  service 
which  under  the  Act  entitled  them  to  be  registered  as  naval  or 
military  voters. 

The  section  provides  (&)  that  the  statement  of  any  person  made- 
in  the  prescribed  form  and  verified  in  the  prescribed  manner 
that  he  would  have  had  the  necessary  qualification  in  any  con- 
stituency but  for  the  service  which  brings  him  within  the  pro- 
visions of  the  section,  shall  for  all  purposes  of  the  section  bo 
sufficient  if  there  is  no  evidence  to  the  contrary. 

An  Order  in  Council  has  been  issued  prescribing  the  form  (I) 
in  which  these  statements  are  to  be  made  and  verified,  and 
arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  Admiralty,  the  Army 
Council  and  the  Air  Council,  for  the  collection,  so  far  as  is  pos- 
sible, from  naval  or  military  voters-  of  information  respecting1 
any  qualification  which  they  would  have  had  but  for  their  ser- 

*  See  List  on  pages  608  and  635  of  Bodies  with  a  similar  object  to  those 
mentioned  in  para,  (<?)  and  of  organisations  recognised  by  the  Admiralty, 
Army  Council,  or  Air  Council  under  para.  (d). 

(A)  This  is  the  memorandum  referred  to  in  the  preceding  memorandum. 
See  p.  601,  supra. 

(i)  See  pp.  76—79,  supra. 

(k)  See  sect.  5  (2),  p.  77,  supra. 

(I)  See  pp.  571—574,  supra. 


606  APPENDIX  r. 

vice.  The  forms  have  been  printed  in  postcard  shape,  and  so 
far  as  is  practicable  they  will  be  filled  up  individually  by  the 
naval  or  military  voters.  In  the  case  of  men  serving  in  the 
Forces  in  distant  parts  of  the  world  from  whom  it  would  not  be 
possible  to  obtain  particulars  in  time  for  the  first  registra- 
tion (m),  the  Record  Offices  in  regard  to  the  Army  and  the 
Air  Force,  and  the  Admiralty  in  regard  to  the  Navy,  will  furnish 
such  information  as  they  can  (n).  In  this  way  a  large  mass 
of  information  will  reach  the  Registration  Officers  from  all  classes 
of  naval  or  military  voters.  On  the  other  hand,  the  Registration 
Officers  and  other  officials  employed  in  the  compilation  of  the 
electors  lists  will,  in  the  course  of  their  canvass,  obtain  a  large 
amount  of  information  with  regard  to  these  voters.  The  Regis- 
tration Officers  are  accordingly  recommended,  on  receipt  of  the 
postcards,  to  dispatch  them  to  the  officials  engaged  in  preparing 
the  lists  in  the  areas  to  which  the  cards  relate,  so  that  as  far  as 
possible  they  may  utilise  them,  together  with  the  particulars! 
which  they  will  obtain  in  the  course  of  their  canvass,  in  pre- 
paring the  lists  of  voters.  The  naval  and  military  voters  are, 
by  Rule  17  (o)  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Act,  to  be  placed 
automatically  on  the  absent  voters  list,  unless  they  notify  a 
desire  to  the  contrary  or  they  are  registered  in  respect  of  actual 
residence.  Except  in  the  latter  cases,  the  names  of  naval  or 
military  voters  will  be  marked  (p)  in  the  register  with  the 
letter  a,  and  will  also  be  included  in  the  separate  list  of  absent 
voters  for  the  polling  district,  and  the  cards  should  therefore 
be  returned  by  the  overseers  to  the  Registration  Officer  when 
the  necessary  information  contained  in  them  has  been  noted  for 
the  purpose  of  preparing  the  electors  lists. 

The  cards  in  use  in  the  Navy,  Marines  and  Naval  Division 
are  of  a  different  form  from  those  adopted  for  other  classes  of 
naval  or  military  voters,  being  double  cards.  It  is  desired  that 
as  soon  as  it  is  clear  that  any  man  in  the  naval  forces  will  be 
registered,  his  card  should  be  marked  in  the  space  provided, 
showing  the  constituency  in  which  he  will  be  registered,  and  the 
card  be  transmitted  to  the  ship  or  establishment  in  which  he  is 
recorded  as  serving.  Each  card  will  be  received  in  an  envelope 
and  should  be  returned  in  the  same  envelope  re-addressed  as 
indicated  thereon.  The  envelopes  can,  however,  be  made  up  in 
packages  if  there  are  a  number  relating  to  the  same  ship  or 
establishment. 

All  other  cards  than  naval  cards  can  be  retained  by  the  Regis- 
tration Officer,  but  it  will  be  necessary  that  lists  should  be 
made  out  of  voters  in  the  Army  and  Air  Force  according  to 
Record  Offices  (of  which  a  list  showing  the  Corps  included  under 
each  Office  will  be  sent  to  the  Registration  Officer),  and  that 
a  copy  of  the  list  relating  to  each  Record  Office  should  be 
forwarded  to  that  Office.  Those  lists  should  be  made  and  for- 


(/»)  See  pp.  613 — 614,  infra, 

(n)  See  Rule  18,  p.  346,  supra. 

(o)  For  this  Rule,  see  pp.  345 — 346,  supra. 

(p]  See  note  on  Form  of  Register,  p.  577,  supra. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTERS.      607 

warded  as  soon  as  the  register  is  sufficiently  advanced  to  enable 
the  Registration  Officer  to  know  that  the  voters  will  be  registered. 
These  lists  will  be  kepi  up  to  date  by  the  Record  Offices  by 
noting  changes  of  posting  (which  are  now  very  numerous), 
deaths,  discharges  and  other  alterations  as  recorded,  and  will 
enable  them  to  supply  for  future  registers  particulars  of  the  men 
entered  as  (electors  in  thei  constituency  in  a  imore  or  less  up-to-date 
form.  Similarly,  if  an  election  takes  place  they  will  supply 
the  lists  as  amended,  so  as  to  show  changes  in  the  addresses 
to  which  voting  papers  are  to  be  dispatched  (g). 

It  is  open  to  the  Registration  Officers  to  inquire  of  the  Naval 
or  Military  Authorities  (r)  in  regard  to  men  of  whose  registra- 
tion they  are  in  doubt,  but  it  must  be  realised  that  so  far  aai 
particulars  connected  with  registration  are  concerned  those  autho- 
rities have  no  information  beyond  the  name  of  the  individual 
man,  his  age  as  entered  in  the  records,  and  the  particulars  of 
his  next  of  kin,  whose  address  may  or  may  not  be  that  in  respect 
of  which  he  is  entitled  to  be  registered.  It  will  thus  be  of  no 
service,  generally  speaking,  to  correspond  with  these  Autho- 
rities on  other  points,  and  those  engaged  in  the  registration; 
will  have  to  depend  upon  such  information  as  can  be  collected 
in  the  locality.  It  will  be  remembered  that,  as  noted  above, 
the  statement  of  the  naval  or  military  voter  as  to  his  qualification 
is,  in  the  absence  of  evidence  to  the  contrary,  to  be  sufficient 
for  the  purpose  of  registration. 

In  cases  where  inquiry  of  the  Naval  or  Military  Authorities 
is  necessary,  it  should  be  addressed  in  the  case  of  the  Army 
or  the  Air  Force  to  the  "  Officer  i/c  Records."  In  the  case 
of  the  Navy  and  Marines  it  should  be  addressed  to  the  Com- 
manding Officer  of  the  Ship  or  Marine  Division  (i.e.,  Chatham, 
Portsmouth,  Plymouth,  Eastney  or  Deal)  if  such  is  known.  In 
other  cases  application  should  be  made  as  follows: — 

Branch  of  Service.  Department  concerned. 

(1)  Royal    Navy    and    Royal    Naval      Admiralty  (Seamen's  Ser- 
Volunteer  Reserve   (other   than          vices  Branch),  S.W.  1. 
men  serving  in  the  Royal  Naval 

Division). 

(2)  Royal  Naval  Reserve         .         .      The  Registrar  General  of 

Shipping  and   Soamen, 
Tower  Hill,  E.  1. 

(3)  Royal  Marines  .         .         .      Admiralty  (Royal  Marino 

Office),  S.W.  1. 

In  the  case  of  the  Royal  Naval  Division,  application  should 
be  made  in  all  cases  to  the  Officer  in  Charge  of  Records,  63rd 
(R.N.)  Division,  47,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.  1. 

Inquiries  cannot  be  answered  unless  the  name,  official  number, 
rating  or  rank,  and  branch  of  service  can  be  given. 

(q)  See  sect.  23,  pp.  172 — 176,  supra. 
(r)  See  Rule  18,  p.  346,  supra. 


608  APPENDIX  I. 

Inquiries  as  to  Officers,  whether  naval  or  military,  must  be 
made  to  the  Officers  themselves. 

It  will  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  right  of  a  person  to  bet 
registered  as  a  naval  or  military  voter  is  in  addition  to  any  other 
right  to  be  registered  (s),  and  that  therefore  he  can  be  registered 
in  respect  of  an  actual  residence  qualification  in  a  constituency. 
He  must,  however,  make  a  claim  for  the  purpose,  accompanied 
by  a  declaration,  in  the  prescribed  form,  that  he  has  taken  reason- 
able steps  to  prevent  his  being  registered  as  a  naval  or  military 
voter  in  another  constituency.  The  qualifying  period  in  such 
a  case  is  one  month  (£).  A  form  («•)  of  claim  and  declaration 
has  been  prescribed  by  Order  in  Council. 

LIST,  WITH  ADDRESSES  FOE  COMMUNICATIONS,  OF  CERTAIN  BOWKS 
.     WITHIN  PARAGRAPH  2  (c). 

British  Rod  Cross  Society.         \  The  Secretary  to  the 

Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusa-     i  Joint  War  Committee  of  the 

lem  in  England.  British    Red    Cross  and  the 

Scottish    Women's    Hospital.     >  Order  of  St.   John  of  Jeru- 

First  Aid  Nursing  Yeomanry  salcm  in  England, 

working  for  the  British.  83,  Pall  Mall, 

Friends'  Ambulance  Unit.         /  London,  S.W.I. 

St.    Andrew's   Ambulance  The  Secretary, 

Association.  176,  West  Regent  Street, 

Glasgow. 

Other  Red  Cross  organisations,  such  as  the  Australian, 
Canadian,  South  African,  American,  French,  Italian  and  Serbian 
Red  Cross  Societies  are  included  under  the  Paragraph. 

LIST,    WITH    ADDRESSES    FOR    COMMUNICATIONS,    OF    BODIES, 
SERVICE  WITH  WHOM  HAS  BEEN  RECOGNISED  (a?)   UNDER  PARA- 
GRAPH 2  (d). 

Young  Men's  Christian  Asso-      National  Headquarters, 
ciation.  Tottenham  Court  Road, 

London,  W.  1. 

Salvation  Army      .         .         .      Salvation  Army  Headquarters, 

101,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
London,  E.C.  4. 
Church  Army          .         .         .      Hon.   Secretary, 

55,  Bryanston  Street, 

London,  W.  1. 
Scottish  Churches  Huts          .      22,  Queen  Street, 

Edinburgh. 
Catholic  Women's  League       .  \  UQ>  ^^  ^^ 

Catholic  Olub  Huts          .         .  )  London,  S.W.  1. 

(*)   See  sect.  5  (1),  pp.  76,  77,  and  pp.  90,  91, 
(t)  See  sect.  6,  p.  94,  and  pp.  96,  97,  sitpra. 
(M)  For  this  Form,  see  p.  569,  wpra. 
(.r)  See  p.  637,  infra. 


MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTERS.     609 


United   Navy    and   Army 
Board. 

Soldiers'     Christian    Associa- 
tion. 

The  Colonial  and  Continental 
Church  Society. 

Navy     and     Army     Canteen 
Board. 


Wesleyan    Army    and    Navy 
Board. 


4,  Southampton  Row, 

London,  W.C.I. 
296,  Vauxhall  Bridge  Road, 

London,  S.W.  1. 
9,  Serjeants'  Inn, 

Fleet  Street, 

London,  E.C.  4. 
The  Naval  Secretary, 
Navy  and  Army  Canteen 
"Board,  Imperial  Court, 
Knightsbridge, 

London,  S.W.  3. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Bateson, 

Secretary, 
Wesle}^an    Army    and    Navy 

Board, 

Central  Buildings, 
Westminster, 

London,  S.W.  1. 


F. 


39 


APPENDIX  I. 


No.  5. 
SCALE  OF  REGISTRATION  EXPENSES   a. 


E.  P.  8. 

IN  PURSUANCE  OF  THE  POWERS  CONFERRED  BY  SECTION  15  OF 

THE  EEPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918,  WE  BEING  Two 
OF  THE  LORDS  COMMISSIONERS  OF  His  MAJESTY'S  TREASURY  HAVE 
FRAMED  THE  FOLLOWING  SCALES  OF  EEGISTRATION  EXPENSES  FOB 
ENGLAND  AND  WALES.  THESE  SCALES  WILL  BE  APPLICABLE  ONLY 
TO  THE  FIRST  AND  SECOND  EEGISTERS  PREPARED  UNDER  THE  Ad. 


I. 


First 
Register. 
£  '  s.   d. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES. 

(a)  Registration  Officer's  Fee. 

(To  cover  payments  to  Deputies 
and  Clerks.) 

For  the  first  25,000  electors  in  the 

Registration  Area  250  0  0 

For  each  additional  1,000  electors  up 

to  100,000 700 

For  each  additional  1,000  electors  be- 
yond 100,000  600 

(b)  Registration   Officer's  Expenses 

in  respect  of  the  remuneration 
of  Assistant  Overseers  and 
other  persons,  similarly  em- 
ployed. 

In  a  parish  where  the  number  of  elec- 
tors— 

(i)  does  not  exceed  250 — for  every 
elootor 


(ii)  exceeds  250  but  does  not  exceed 
1,000—  for  every  100  electors 
exceeds    1,000  —  for   every    100 
electors      ........................... 

Provided  that  the  minimum 
expenditure  which  may  be  in- 
curred under  any  item  of  this 
scale  shall  not  be  less  than  the 
maximum  under  the  preced- 
ing item. 


0  0     of 

with  a. 
raiiiimum 

of  £1. 

1  13     4 


Second 
Register. 

£     s.  d. 


>0  0  0 
700 
6  0  0 


004 

with  a 

minimum 

15*. 

1     5     0 

0  16     8 


n\ 


SPC  sect.  15,  pp.  139—141,  supra, 


SCALE  OF  REGISTRATION  EXPENSES.  611 

First  Second 

Register.  Register. 

£    s.  d.  £    s.  d. 

2.  PARLIAMENTARY    BOEOUGHS    OUTSIDE 

LONDON. 

(a)  Registration  Officer's  Fees. 

(To   cover   fees   to  Deputies   and 

Clerks,  the  personal  fee  of  the 

Registration  Officer  and  of  any 

deputy  or  deputies  appointed  by 

him  not  to  exceed  in  the  aggre- 
gate an  amount  calculated  at  the 

rate  of  £2  10s.  -for  every  1,000 

electors.) 
For   the   first   25,000  electors   in    the 

Registration  area   175     0     0    175     0    0 

For  each  additional  1,000  electors    ...         400        400 

(b)  Registration   Officer's  Expenses 

in  respect  of  the  ^remuneration 
of    Assistant    Overseers    and 
other   persons    similarly    em- 
ployed. 
For  every  100  electors  in  the  parish...         126         0  16     8 

3 .  PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS  IN  LONDON. 

(a)  Registration   Officer's  Fee. 

(To  cover  Fees  to  Deputy  Regis- 
tration Officers). 

For  every  1,000  electors  in  the  Regis- 
tration area  2  10     0         2  10     0 

(b)  Registration   Officer's  Expenses 

in  respect  of  the  remuneration 
of  Clerks,  Canvassers,  &c. 
For  every  100  electors  in  the  Regis- 
tration area  1  11     0         130 

NOTES. — Where  the  payment  is  for  every  1,000  electors  or 
100  electors  as  the  case  may  be,  the  payment  for  any  number 
in  excess  of  a  complete  1,000  or  100  should  be  calculated  pro- 
portionately. 

The  number  of  electors  means  in  the  case  of  the  Registration 
Officer's  Fee  the  number  registered  in  the  Registration  Area, 
in  the  ca.-e  of  the  remuneration  of  Assistant  Overseers  and  other 
persons  similarly  employed  the  number  in  the  civil  parish,  and  in 
the  case  of  the  remuneration  of  clerks,  canvassers,  &c.,  in 
London  the  number  in  the  Registration  Area. 

II. 
PRINTING,  &c.  EXPENDITURE. 

(1)  Where  the  printing  is  carried  out  under  arrangements 
made  by  His  Majesty's  Stationery  Office  such  amount  as  may 
be  certified  by  that  Department  to  be  the  expenditure  incurred 
in  connection  therewith. 

S9  (2) 


612  APPENDIX  I. 

(2)  Printing  carried  out  directly  by  the  Registration  Officer 
and  other  Out  of  Pocket  Expenditure. 

The  actual  expenditure  supported  as  far  as  possible  by  vouchers 
and  certified  by  a  statutory  declaration  by  the  Registration  Officer 
to  the  effect  that  it  was  necessarily  and  properly  incurred.  First 
class  railway  expenses  and  subsistence  allowance  at  the  rate  of 
£1  a  night  when  the  Registration  Officer  or  his  Deputy  are  neces- 
sarily absent  from  their  homes  on  account  of  their  registration 
duties  will  be  allowed. 

(Sd.)  J.   W.   PRATT. 
(Sd.)  J.  TOWYN  JONES. 

TREASURY  CHAMBERS, 

WHITEHALL,  S.W., 

1th  March,  1918. 


ORDER  IN  COUNCIL.  613 


No.  6. 

OEDEE  IN  COUNCIL  UNDEE  SECTION  46  (2)  (x) 
OF  THE  EEPEESENTATION  OF  THE 
PEOPLE  ACT,  1918,  FIXING  THE  DATES  ON  WHICH 
THE  FIRST  EEGISTER  SHALL  COME  INTO  FORCE,  AND 
UNTIL  WHICH  IT  SHALL  REMAIN  IN  FORCE,  AND 

ALTERING  IN  CONNECTION  THEREWITH  THE    EEGISTRA- 

TION  AND  QUALIFYING  PERIOD  DATES  SPECIFIED    IN 
THE  ACT. 

[N.B. — For  alterations  to  this  Order,  see  Order  in  Council 
of.  June  4th,  1918,  rule  6,  p.  749,  infra,  and  Fifth  Schedule, 
p.  152,  infra.~\ 

R.  P.  3. 

At  the  Court  at  Buckingham  Palace,  the  4th  day  of  March, 
1918. 

PRESENT, 
The  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council. 

Whereas  under  s.  46  (2)  of  the  Eepresentation  of  the  People 
Act,  1918  (herein-after  referred  to  as  "  the  Act "),  provision  is 
made  as  follows: — 

"  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act,  the  first  register 

to  be  prepared  under  this  Act  shall  come  into  force  on,  and 

remain  in  force  until,  such  date  as  His  Majesty  may  fix  by 

Order  in  Council,  and  His  Majesty  may  by  any  such  Order 

alter,  in  connection  with  the  first  register,  any  registration 

dates,  including  the  dates  governing  the  qualifying  period, 

and  direct  that  this  Act  shall  have  effect  as  so  altered." 

Xow,  therefore,  His  Majesty  is  pleased,  by  and  with  the  advice 

of  His  Privy  Council,  to  order,  and  it  is  hereby  ordered,  as 

follows:  — 

The  first  register  to  be  prepared  under  the  Act  shall  come  into 
force  on  the  first  day  of  October,  1918,  and  shall  remain  in  force 
(unless  otherwise  ordered)  until  the  fifteenth  day  of  March,  1919, 
and  in  connection  with  the  first  register  to  be  so  prepared  the 
registration  dates  and  the  dates  governing  the  qualifying  period 
shall,  instead  of  the  dates  specified  in  the  Act,  be  the  dates 
specified  in  the  third  column  of  the  Schedule  to  this  Order. 

ALMEEIC  FixzEov. 
(#)  See  p.  336,  xupra. 


614 


APPENDIX  I. 


Schedule. 
^REGISTRATION  DATES,  &c. 


Sub  j  ect-matter  . 

Date  specified  in 
Act. 

Substituted 
date. 

15th  Jan.  —  July 

15th  April 

Publication  of  lists     

1st  Feb.  —  Aug. 

15th  June 

Last  day  for  objections  to  electors 

15th  Feb.—  Aug. 

29th  June 

lists    

18th  Feb.  —  Aug. 

5th  July 

Last  day  for  claims  as  absent  voters. 

18th  Feb.—  Aug. 

5th  July 

Publication  of  list  of  objections  to 

2lst  Feb.—  Aug. 

8th  July 

electors  lists. 

Publication  of  list  of  claimants  .... 

24th  Feb.—  Aug. 

13th  July 

Last  day  for  objections  to  claimants. 
Publication  of  list  of  objections  to 

7th  Mar.—  4th  Sept. 
7th  Mar.—  4th  Sept. 

26th  July 
26th  July 

claimants  (as  soon  as  practicable 

after. 

Publication  and   coming  into   force 

15th  April—  Oct. 

1st  October 

of  register. 

[N.B. — Most  of  these  dates  have  been  altered  by  Order  in 
Council  dated  June  4th,  1918.  See  rule  6,  p.  749,  infra,  and 
Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra.'] 


REGISTRATION  OFFICERS  ORDER,  1918.  615 


No.  7. 

THE  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS   ORDER,  1918, 
MADE  IN  PURSUANCE  OF  S.  12  (2)  (x}. 

To  THE  COUNTY  COUNCILS  of  the  several  Administrative 
Counties  named  in  Column  2  of  Schedule  A.  to  this 
Order;— 

To  the  Clerks  to  the  said  County  Councils;  — 

To  the  Councils  of  the  several  Municipal  Boroughs  named  in 
Column  2  of  Schedule  B.  to  this  Order;— 

To  the  Town  Clerks  of  the  said  Municipal  Boroughs;  — 

And  to  all  others  whom  it  may  concern. 

WHEEEAS  by  sub-section  (2)  of  Section  12  (a?)  of  the  Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  Act,  1918,  it  is  provided  that  where  the 
registration  area  is  a  parliamentary  county  and  is  coterminous 
with,  or  wholly  contained  in,  one  administrative  county,  the  clerk 
of  the  county  council,  and  where  the  registration  area  is  a  parlia- 
mentary borough  and  is  coterminous  with,  or  wholly  contained  in, 
one  municipal  borough,  the  town  clerk  of  the  borough,  shall  be 
the  registration  officer  for  the  area,  and  that  in  any  other  case 
such  clerk  of  the  county  council,  or  town  clerk,  shall  be  registra- 
tion officer  for  the  area  as  the  Local  Government  Board  may  by 
Order  direct,  subject  to  any  conditions  which  may  be  made  by  the 
Order  as  to  the  appointment  of  deputies  for  any  part  of  the  area; 

And  whereas  each  of  the  Parliamentary  Counties  named  in 
Column  1  of  Schedule  A.  to  this  Order  is  a  registration  area 
which  is  jnot  coterminous  with  or  wholly  contained  in  one  adminis- 
trative county,  and  each  of  the  Parliamentary  Boroughs  named  in 
Column  1  of  Schedule  B.  to  this  Order  is  a  registration  area 
which  is  not  coterminous  with  or  wholly  contained  in  one 
municipal  borough: 

Now  THEEEFOEE,  in  pursuance  of  Our  powers  in  that  behalf, 
We,  the  Local  Government  Board,  by  this  Our  Order  Direct  as 
follows: — 

AETICLE  I. — In  the  case  of  each  of  the  Registration  Areas 
named  in  the  first  column  of  the  Schedules  A.  and  B.  to  this 
Order  the  person  for  the  time  being  holding  the  office  of  Clerk  of 
the  County  Council,  or  Town  Clerk,  as  the  case  may  be,  specified 
in  the  second  column  of  those  Schedules  opposite  to  the  name  of 
the  Registration  Area  shall,  until  We  by  Order  otherwise  direct, 
be  the  Registration  Officer. 

AETICLE  II. — This  Order  may  be  cited  as  "  the  Registration 
Officers  Order,  1918." 

(x)  See  pp.  130—131,  supra. 


APPENDIX  I. 


SCHEDULE  A. 


Name  of 
Parliamentary  County. 


Registration  Officer. 


Chester    Clerk  of  the  County  Council  of  Chester. 


Cornwall 

Kent    

Parts  of  Kesteven  and 

Rutland. 
Northampton  with   the  I 

Soke  of  Peterborough. 

Stafford 

East  Sussex    

Brecon  and  Radnor .... 


Cornwall. 
Kent, 

the    Parts    of 

Kesteven. 
Northampton. 

Stafford. 
East  Sussex. 
Brecon . 


REGISTRATION  OFFICERS  ORDER,  1918.  617 


SCHEDULE  B. 


Name  of 
Parliamentary  Borough.1 


Registration  Officer. 


Aucriugton Town  Clerk  of  the  Borough  of  Accrington. 

Ashton-under-Lyne. . . .  I     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Ashton-under- 

Lyne. 

Barnsley ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Barnsley. 

Batley  and  Morley   ....  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Batley." 

Blackpool  !     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Blackpool. 

Brighton     i     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,  Brightpn. 

Bromley     „  ,,  ,,  ,  Bromliy. 

Bury    |     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,  Bury. 

Cheltenham   j     ,,  ,,  „  ,  Cheltenham. 

Dudley    !     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,  Dudley. 

Eccles , ,  , ,  ,  ,  Eccles. 

Exeter     , ,  , ,  ,  ,  Exeter. 

Grrimsby ,,  ,,  ,  ,  Grimsby. 

The  Hartlepools    ,,  „  ,  ,  West  Hartlepool. 

Hythe ,,  , ,  ,  „  Folkestone. 

Kingston-upon-Thames.  ,,  ,,  ,  ,,  Kingston- upon  - 

Thames. 

Leigh ,,  ,,  ,,  „  Leigh. 

Lincoln    ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Lincoln. 

Morpeth ,,  . ,  ,,  ,,  Morpeth. 

Nelson  and  Colne ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Nelson. 

Newcastle- under -Ly  me.  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Newcastle-under 

Lyrae. 

Preston   ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Preston. 

Richmond     ,,  ,,  ,,  .,  Richmond. 

Rochester  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Chatham. 

Rossendale j     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Rawten  stall. 

Rotherham     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Rotherham. 

Southampton     ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Southampton. 

Stockton -on -Tees ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Stoekton-on-Tees. 

Sunderland     j     ,,  ,,  ,,  Sunderland. 

Wallsend    |     „  ,,  „  „  Wallsend. 

Wednesbury ,,  ,,  ,,  .,  Wednesbtiry. 

Wimbledon    ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Wimbledon. 

Wolverharapton    ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Wolverhampton. 

York    „  „  ,,  „  York. 

Cardiff    , ,  ,,  . ,  ,,  Cardiff. 

Carnarvon    District    of  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  Carnarvon. 

Boroughs. 

Merthyr  Tydfil , ,  „  „  , .  Merthyr  Tydfil . 


Given  under  the  Seal  of  Office  of  the  Local  Government 
Board,  this  Thirteenth  day  of  February,  in  the  year 
One  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eighteen. 

W.  HAYES  FISHER, 
President, 

H.  C.  MONRO, 

Secretary. 


618  APPENDIX  I. 


No.  8. 

CIRCULAE  LETTER  (a)  FROM  LOCAL  GOVERN- 
MENT BOARD  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFI- 
CERS AS  TO  POLLING  DISTRICTS  AND 
POLLING  PLACES. 

K.  P.  1. 
LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD, 

Whitehall,  S.W.  1, 

16th  February,  1918. 
SIR, 

I  am  directed  by  the  President  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  to  state  that  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 
which  received  the  Boyal  Assent  on  the  6th  instant,  makes  special 
provision,  in  substitution  for  enactments  previously  in  force,  in 
regard  to  the  division  of  parliamentary  constituencies  into  polling 
districts  and  the  appointment  of  polling  places.  Sections  31 
and  39  are  as  follows: — 

Section  31. — (1)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  council,  whose 
clerk  is  the  registration  officer  for  any  constituency  or  by 
whom  the  registration  officer  is  appointed,  as  occasion 
requires,  to  divide  the  constituency  into  polling  districts, 
and  to  appoint  polling  places  for  the  polling  districts  in  such 
manner  as  to  give  to  all  electors  in  the  constituency  such 
reasonable  facilities  for  voting  as  are  practicable  in  the 
circumstances : 

Provided  that,  before  dividing  any  constituency  in  the 
administrative  County  of  London  into  polling  districts,  the 
authority  therefor  shall  send  a  draft  of  any  scheme  for  that 
purpose  to  the  London  County  Council,  and  shall  take  into 
consideration  any  representations  made  to  them  by  that 
Council. 

(2)  If  a  local  authority,  or  not  less  than  thirty  electors  in  a 
constituency,  make  a  representation  to  the  Local  Government 
Board  that  the  polling  districts  or  polling  places  do  not  meet 
the  reasonable  requirements  of  the  electors  in  the  con- 
ytituency,  or  any  body  of  electors,  the  Local  Government 
Board  shall  consider  the  representation,  and  may,  if  they 
think  fit,  direct  the  council  whose  duty  it  is  to  divide  the 
constituency  into  polling  districts  to  make  such  alterations 
as  the  Board  think  necessary  in  the  circumstances,  and  if  the 
council  fail  to  make  those  alterations  within  a  month  after 
the  direction  is  given  may  themselves  make  the  alterations, 
and  any  alterations  so  made  shall  have  effect  as  if  they  had 
been  made  by  the  council. 

(a)  See  sect.  13  (1),  p.  133,  supra ;  also  p.  134. 


INSTRUCTIONS — POLLING  DISTRICTS  AND  PLACES.       619 

In  this  provision  the  expression  "  local  authority  "  means 
as  respects  any  constituency  the  council  of  any  county, 
borough,  urban  or  rural  district,  or  parish  wholly  or  partly 
situate  in  the  constituency,  or  the  parish  meeting  of  any 
parish  so  situate  where  there  is  no  parish  council. 

(3)  On  the  exercise  of  any  powers  given  by  this  section 
the  council  by  whom  the  powers  are  exercised  shall  send  to 
the  Local  Government  Board  a  report  and  publish  in  the 
constituency  a  notice  showing  the  boundaries  of  any  polling 
districts  or  the  situation  of  any  polling  places  constituted 
as  a  result  of  the  exercise  of  the  power. 

(4)  An  election  shall  not  be  questioned  by  reason  of  any 
non-compliance  with  the  provisions  of  this  section  or  any 
informality  relative  to  polling  districts  or  polling  places. 

(5)  This    section    shall    not    apply    to    University    con- 
stituencies. 

(6)  Nothing  in  this  section  shall  affect  any  polling  districts 
or  polling  places  constituted  before  the  passing  of  this  Act 
until  occasion  arises  for  the  exercise  of  the  powers  given 
by  this  section. 

Section  39. — The  council  having  power  to  divide  a  con- 
stituency into  polling  districts  shall,  not  later  than  one  month 
after  the  passing  of  this  Act,  take  into  consideration  the 
division  of  the  constituency  into  polling  districts,  a!hd  make 
any  re-arrangements  of  those  districts  and  of  polling  places 
which  it  appears  necessary  to  make  as  a  consequence  of 
alterations  effected  by  this  Act. 

It  will  be  observed  that  under  Section  39  the  Council  are  to 
review  the  polling  districts  within  a  month  from  the  6th  instant, 
and  Mr.  Hayes  Fisher  requests  you  to  be  good  enough  to  bring 
the  matter  at  once  to  the  notice  of  the  Council. 

It  is  of  importance  that  any  alterations  in  the  polling  districts 
should  be  made  at  the  earliest  date  practicable,  as  the  electors' 
lists  must  be  prepared  so  as  to  conform  with  the  polling  districts. 
I  am  to  add  for  your  information  that  the  Board,  in  consulta- 
tion with  the  Treasury  and  the  Stationery  Office,  have  under  con- 
sideration the  general  arrangements  to  be  adopted  throughout  the 
country  in  regard  to  the  printing  of  the  lists  and  registers,  and 
the  supply  of  copies  of  forms  required  in  connection  with  the 
preparation  of  the  lists.  As  soon  as  the  necessary  Orders  in 
Council  prescribing  the  qualifying  period  and  registration  dates 
for  the  purposes  of  the  first  register,  and  the  forms  to  be  used, 
have  been  issued,  a  further  communication  with  respect  to  these 
and  the  other  matters  above  referred  to  will  be  sent  to  you. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

H.  C.  MONRO, 

Secretary. 
The  Eegistration  Officer  of  the 

Parliamentary  County  or  Borough. 


620  APPENDIX  I. 


No.  9. 

CIRCULAR  LETTER  (a)  FEOM  LOCAL 
GOVERNMENT  BOARD  TO  REGIS- 
TRATION OFFICERS. 

R.  P.  10. 
LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD, 

Whitehall,  S.W.I. 

6th  April,  1918. 
SIR, 

I  am  directed  by  the  President  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  to  request  that  you  will  be  good  enough  to  bring  before 
your  Council  the  accompanying  copy  of  the  circular  letter  dated 
the  20th  ultimo  addressed  to  you  in  your  capacity  as  Registra- 
tion Officer  of  the  Parliamentary  County  or  Borough  on  the 
subject  of  the  procedure  in  relation  to  the  registration  of  electors 
under  tjie  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918. 

EXPENSES. 

Ari  the  Council  are  responsible  for  the  payment  of  registration 
expenses,  subject  to  contributions  by  other  Councils  in  certain 
cases,  Mr.  Hayes  Fisher  desires  that  the  attention  of  the  Council 
should  be  directed  in  particular  to  the  paragraphs  in  the  circular 
relating  to  such  expenses.  A  copy  of  the  scale  of  expenses 
framed  by  the  Treasury  should  also  be  laid  before  the  Council. 

In  connection  with  this  matter,  it  will  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  expenses  in  the  case  of  a  county  are  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
county  fund,  and  if  necessary  as  expenses  for  special  county 
purposes,  in  the  case  of  a  borough  out  of  the  borough  fund  or 
rate  or,  if  there  is  no  borough  fund  or  rate,  out  of  the  fund  or 
rate  out  of  .which  the  ordinary  expenses  of  the  council  are  paid, 
in  the  case  of  an  urban  district  out  of  the  general  district  rate, 
and  in  the  case  of  a  metropolitan  borough  as  general  expenses. 

The  Council  are  empowered  on  the  request  of  the  Registra- 
tion Officer  to  make  to  him,  in  respect  of  his  expenses,  advances 
of  such  amount  and  subject  to  such  conditions  as  the  Council 
may  approve. 

The  attention  of  the  Council  should  also  be  drawn  to  the  last 
paragraph  but  one  on  page  5  of  the  circular  with  regard  to  the 
suggested  arrangement,  with  the  consent  of  the  Council,  for  the 
use  of  existing  office  accommodation.  Mr.  Fisher  lias  no  doubt 
that,  in  view  of  the  great  need  for  economy,  the  Council  will  be 
willing  to  do  all  in  their  power  to  facilitate  such  an  arrangement. 

(a)  See  sect.  13  (1),  p.  133,  supra;  also  p.  134. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS. 

ORDER  OF  NAMES  IN  EEGISTER. 

A^  stated  in  the  circular  letter,  the  names  in  the  register 
of  a  registration  unit  in  a  parliamentary  borough  will  be 
arranged  in  street  order,  unless  the  Council  whose  Clerk  is  the 
Registration  Officer  considers,  having  regard  to  the  general 
character  of  the  area  forming  the  unit  that  this  arrangement  is 
inapplicable.  If  the  unit  is  in  a  parliamentary  county  the  names 
will  be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  unless  the  Council  whose 
Clerk  is  the  Kegistration  Officer  considers  that  arrangement  in 
street  order  is  possible  and  convenient.  (Schedule  I.,  Rule  4.) 

In  many  municipal  boroughs  and  urban  districts  in  a  parlia- 
mentary county,  arrangement  of  the  names  in  street  order  will 
no  doubt  be  the  most  convenient  method,  and  in  some  parlia- 
mentary boroughs  there  may  be  registration  units  where  the 
names  can  only  be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  Any  direc- 
tion by  the  Council  in  cases  of  the  kind  should  be  given  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment,  so  that  the  electors  lists  may  be 
prepared  with  the  names  in  the  appropriate  order. 

VACANCY  IN  OFFICE  OF  EEGISTRATION  OFFICER. 

In  the  event  of  any  vacancy  in  the  office  of  clerk  of  the 
county  council  or  of  town  clerk  or  clerk  to  the  urban  district 
council  it  will  rest  with  the  chairman  of  the  county  council,  the 
mayor,  or  the  chairman  of  the  urban  district  council,  as  the 
case  may  be,  to  appoint  a  person  temporarily  to  perform  the 
duties  of  the  Registration  Officer. 

POLLING  DISTRICTS  AND  POLLING  PLACES. 

The  circular  letter  addressed  to  Eegistration  Officers  on  the 
16th  February  drew  attention  to  the  provisions  of  Sections  31  and 
39  of  the  Act  relative  to  the  division  of  constituencies  into  polling 
districts  and  the  appointment  of  polling  places. 

In  those  cases  where  any  rearrangement  of  polling  districts  or 
polling  places  has  become  necessary  as  a  consequence  of  the 
alterations  of  the  areas  of  constituencies,  the  Board  will  be  glad 
to  receive  as  soon  as  possible  a  report  as  to  the  boundaries  of  the 
polling  districts  and  the  situation  of  the  polling  places,  in  accor- 
dance with  Section  31  (3)  of  the  Act,  if  such  a  report  or  a  copy  of 
the  order  or  direction  of  the  Council  has  not  already  been 
transmitted. 

In  cases  where  no  alteration  of  the  polling  districts  or  of  the 
polling  places  in  a  constituency  has  been  found  to  be  necessary, 
the  Board  would  be  obliged  by  being  furnished  if  practicable 
with  a  copy  of  the  order  or  direction  of  the  local  authority,  made 
or  given  before  the  passing  of  the  Act,  fixing  the  present  polling 
districts  and  polling  places. 

In  the  cases  of  some  parliamentary  boroughs,  difficulty  is 
understood  to  have  been  experienced  in  regard  to  the  appoint- 
ment of  polling  places  in  consequence  of  there  being  no  building 
in  the  polling  district  which  can  be  stated  as  available 
for  the  purposes  of  the  poll.  The  Board  are  not  prepared  to 
say  that  a  polling  place  should  not  in  any  circumstances  be  out- 


622  APPENDIX  I. 

side  the  polling  district,  but  wherever  a  suitable  building  for  the 
purpose  is  or  can  be  made  available  within  the  polling  district 
the  polling  place  should  be  within  the  district.  Generally  they 
consider  that  any  school  or  other  building  known  to  be  available 
for  the  poll  might  be  designated  as  the  polling  place.  If  there 
is  110  such  school  or  other  building  it  would  seem  to  be  sufficient 
to  describe  the  appointed  polling  place  as  a  suitable  building  in 
or  as  near  as  practicable  to  a  particular  street,  or  square,  or 
other  well-known  place  in  the  polling  district.  The  number  of 
polling  stations  to  be  provided  at  each  polling  place  will  be 
determined  by  the  Eeturning  Officer,  in  accordance  with  Rule  15 
in  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

In  parliamentary  counties,  the  Board  themselves  raise  no 
objection  to  the  continuance  of  the  practice  hitherto  followed 
of  designating  the  polling  place  by  the  name  of  the  particular 
village  or  parish  in  which  the  polling  place  is  situated,  if  it  is  not 
practicable  to  define  the  place  more  closely.  The  Board  observe 
that  in  some  instances  where  a  town  or  other  area  has  been 
divided  into  more  than  one  polling  district  the  name  of  the  town 
or  other  area  has  been  given  as  the  polling  place  for  each  poll- 
ing district.  It  is  not  clear,  therefore,  where  the  polling  place 
of  any  particular  district  is,  in  fact,  situated.  The  Board  con- 
sider that  it  is  desirable  in  such  a  case  to  adopt  a  similar  method 
to  that  mentioned  in  the  preceding  paragraph  by  distinguishing 
the  polling  place  by  reference  to  a  building  or  some  known  place 
in  the  polling  district. 

Having  regard  to  Rule  26  in  the  First  Schedule  to  the  new 
Act,  it  is  desirable  that  each  polling  district  should  be  dis- 
tinguished by  a  separate  letter. 

There  is  another  point  to  which  reference  may  be  made.  In 
parliamentary  boroughs  which  existed  before  the /new  Act,  the 
polling  place  or  booth  was  fixed  by  the  Returning  Officer,  for  the 
purposes  of  the  particular  election  at  which  the  booth  was 
required.  The  Board  doubt  whether  the  building  or  booth  thus 
fixed  by  the  Returning  Officer  can  be  regarded  as  a  polling 
place  constituted  before  the  passing  of  the  new  Act  within  the 
meaning  of  Section  31  (6)  of  the  Act.  It  is  desirable,  therefore, 
that  polling  places  should  be  appointed  in  these  cases  although 
no  alteration  of  the  polling  districts  may  have  been  made. 

So  far  as  regards  the  publication  of  the  boundaries  of  polling 
districts  and  the  situation  of  polling  places,  in  accordance  with 
Section  31  (3),  the  Board  think  that  this  may  be  done  by  adver- 
tisement in  the  manner  hitherto  adopted  under  Section  34  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1867,  or  by  placards  posted  in 
the  constituency,  or  otherwise  in  such  manner  as  may  be  found 
most  convenient  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  the  matter  to  the 
notice  of  persons  interested. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

H.  C.  MOXRO, 

Secretary. 

To  the  Clerk  of  the  County  Council  or 
Town   Clerk   or 

Clerk  to  the  Urban  District  Council. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS.          623 


No.  10. 

CIRCULAR  LETTER  (a)  FROM  LOCAL 
GOVERNMENT  BOARD  TO  REGIS- 
TRATION OFFICERS. 

E.  P.  12. 
LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD, 

Whitehall,  S.W.I. 

Wth  April,  191$. 

SIR, 

I  am  directed  by  the  Local  Government  Board  to  advert  to 
the  remarks  in  their  circular  letter  of  the  20th  ultimo  as  to  the 
inquiries  to  be  made  by  Registration  Officers  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  the  names  of  persons  entitled  to  be  registered  as 
electors. 

ACCESS  TO  FOOD  REGISTERS. 

It  has  been  represented  that  access  to  the  information 
afforded  by  the  Pood  Registers  under  the  control  of  Local  Food 
Committees  would  be  of  considerable  assistance  to  Registration 
Officers,  more  especially  as  disclosing  the  names  of  householders 
or  heads  of  families  by  whom  it  is  desired  that  statements  in 
Form  A.  prescribed  by  the  Order  in  Council  should  be  made.  The 
Board  are  informed  by  the  Ministry  of  Food  that  the  Food  Con- 
troller raises  no  objection  to  the  Executive  Officers  of  the  Local 
Food  Committee  and  the  Registration  Officers  making  their  own 
arrangements  to  assist  one  another.  It  will  be  understood,  how- 
ever, that  the  information  thus  obtained  by  Registration  Officers 
must  be  treated  as  strictly  confidential  and  that  in  no  circum- 
stances should  such  information  be  disclosed  or  be  used  other- 
wise than  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  preparation  of  the 
electors  lists  and  register. 

NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

Another  matter  to  which  the  Board  desire  to  refer  is  the 
registration  of  naval  or  military  voters.  The  special  memo- 
randum R.P.7  appended  to  the  Instructions  to  Overseers,  of 
which  copies  accompanied  the  circular,  indicated  the  arrange- 
ments wnich  have  been  made  for  dealing  with  the  cards 
containing  the  statements  by  naval  or  military  voters  as  to  their 
qualifications  to  be  registered.  The  Board  feel  that  under 
present  conditions  there  may  be  considerable  delay  in  the  trans- 
mission of  the  cards  of  naval  or  military  voters  to  the  Registra- 
tion Officer  and  that  in  some  cases  there  may  be  miscarriage  of 
the  cards.  The  Registration  Officer  will,  of  course,  realise  the 


«)  See  sect.  13  (1),  p.  133,  supra;  also  p. 


134. 


624  APPENDIX  I. 

importance  of  securing  the  registration  of  all  naval  or  military 
voters  entitled  to  be  registered,  and  of  obtaining  in  the  case 
of  persons  serving  in  the  Forces  the  necessary  information  as  to 
regiment,  ship,  number,  etc.,  which  will  be  required  for 
the  purpose  of  addressing  communications  to  these  voters  to 
enable  them  to  record  their  votes  as  absent  voters.  The  Record 
Offices,  it  is  understood,  would  probably  be  unable  to  furnish 
these  particulars  in  the  absence  of  means  of  identifying  the 
voters.  It  is  therefore  desirable  that  the  overseers  or  other 
persons  employed  in  making  inquiries  should  take  especial  care 
to  ensure  that  the  particulars  as  to  description  of  service, 
regiment,  ship,  number,  etc.,  indicated  in  the  heading  to  the 
4th  column  of  He  turn  No.  5  in  Form  A.,  are  correctly  filled  in, 
and  that  any  of  these  particulars  otherwise  obtained  in  the  course 
of  their  inquiries  are  carefully  recorded.  In  any  cases  where 
the  particulars  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  inquiries  are 
found  to  differ  from  those  contained  in  the  card  filled  in  by  the 
voter,  the  Registration  Officer  should  require  the  case  to  be 
reported  to  him,  but  the  name  of  the  voter  should  be  included 
in  tjie  electors  lists  as  well  as  in  the  separate  list  referred  to 
below. 

The  Board  have  under  consideration  the  question  of  the 
form  in  which  the  Absent  Voters  List  should  be  made  out, 
and  they  will  shortly  address  a  communication  to  the  Registra- 
tion Officer  on  the  subject.  In  order  to  facilitate  the  preparation 
of  this  list  and  to  ensure  that  the  particulars  above  mentioned 
as  to  description  of  service,  regiment,  etc.,  of  naval  or  military 
voters  which  are  given  in  Form  A.,  or  otherwise  obtained, 
may  be  available  for  the  purposes  of  the  record  of  addresses  "to 
be  kept  by  the  Registration  Officer,  it  may  be  of  advantage  that 
the  overseers  should,  when  making  out  the  electors  lists,  make  a 
separate  list  of  naval  or  military  voters  containing  in  three 
columns  (a)  the  names  of  the  naval  or  military  voter,  surname 
first,  (b)  the  qualifying  premises  and  (c)  the  description  of 
service,  regiment,  ship,  number,  rank,  etc.  The  names  in  this 
separate  list  should  be  in  the  same  order  as  they  appear  in  the 
electors  lists.  Columns  (a)  and  (b)  will  contain  the  same  entries 
as  those  in  columns  (2)  and  (3)  of  the  electors  lists,  whilst  the 
particulars  in  column  (c)  will  be  those  obtained  from  Form  A.,  or 
otherwise.  The  separate  list  should  be  headed  so  as  to  show  the 
name  of  the  constituency  and  the  polling  district  or  registration 
unit. 

PEG  VISION  OF  BALLOT  BOXES,  &c. 

It  has  been  represented  to  the  Board  that,  in  view  of  the 
increased  electorate  and  the  requirement  of  the  Act  that  at  a 
general  parliamentary  election  all  polls  shall  be  held  on  one 
day,  the  existing  provision  of  ballot  boxes  and  stamping  instru- 
ments will  be  insufficient  and  that  it  will  be  necessary,  having 
regard  to  present  conditions,  for  early  steps  to  be  taken  to  make 
up  the  deficiency.  H.M.  Stationery  Office  are  making  arrange- 
ments for  the  supply  of  ballot  boxes  and  stamping  instruments 
where  necessary  and  it  is  the  view  of  the  Treasury  that  Registra- 
tion Officers  should  not  obtain  these  independently,  and  that, 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRA/riO.V  OFFICERS. 

unless  a  definite  contract  has  already  been  made,  they  should 
cancel  any  arrangements  entered  into  for  the  purpose. 

In  order  to  avoid  unnecessary  expense  in  new  purchases 
the  Registration  Officer  should  ascertain  at  the  earliest  prac- 
ticable date  the  precise  number  of  ballot  boxes  and  stamping 
instruments  which  would  be  available,  including  those  in  the 
possession  of  any  local  authority  in  the  registration  area,  for 
a  general  parliamentary  election.  In  addition  to  ballot  boxes 
and  stamping  instruments  in  the  hands  of  local  authorities 
which  could  be  utilized,  the  Deputy  Sheriff  or  other  person  who 
has  ^conducted  parliamentary  elections  in  the  past  may  have  a 
number  of  these  in  his  possession,  and  inquiry  should  be  made 
of  him  as  to  this  and  whether  they  can  be  handed  over  to  the 
Acting  Returning  Officer  or  otherwise  made  available  for  his 
use. 

When  this  information  has  been  obtained  the  Eegistration 
Officer  should  at  once  forward  to  the  Superintendent  of  Stores, 
H.M.  Stationery  Office,  Westminster,  London,  S.W.  1,  a  state- 
ment showing  (a)  the  number  of  ballot  boxes,  etc.,  available; 
(b)  the  additional  number  estimated  to  be  required;  and  (c)  the 
basis  upon  which  the  estimate  is  arrived  at,  e.g.,  the  number  of 
polling  places  in  the  registration  area  and  of  the  polling  stations 
at  each  such  polling  place. 

WORK  RECOGNISED  UNDER  SECTION  5  (3)  (ii)  (c). 

The  Board  may  add  that  the  work  of  the  Young  Women's 
Christian  Association  (25  and  26,  George  Street,  Hanover  Square, 
London,  W.  1)  has  been  recognised  (w)  by  the  Admiralty,  Army 
Council  and  Air  Council  under  Section  5  (3)  (ii)  (c)  of  the  new 
Act  as  work  of  national  importance  in  connection  with  the  war, 
so  that  persons  serving  abroad  or  afloat  under  the  Associa- 
tion in  connection  with  the  war  are  entitled  to  be  registered  for 
any  constituency  for  which  they  would  have  had  the  necessary 
qualification  but  for  their  service.  The  name  and  address  of  this 
Association  should  accordingly  bo  regarded  as  added  to  the  list 
of  bodies  under  paragraph  2  (c)  on  pages  5  and  6  (x]  of  the 
Memorandum  as  to  Naval  or  Military  Voters  (II. P.  7). 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

H.  C.  MONRO, 

Secretary. 
To  the  Registration  Officer. 

(if)  See  p.  635,  infra. 

(x)  See  pp.  608,  609,  *M/»vr. 


V. 


40 


626  APPENDIX   I. 

No.  11. 

CRDE1I     IN'    COUNCIL,     DATED 
MARCH    22ND,    1918. 

[N.B. — For  alterations  to  this   Order,  see  Order  in  Council  of 
June  4th,  1918,  rules  6  and  10,  p.  749,  infra.'] 

WHEREAS  under  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1872, 
(hereinafter  referred  to  as  "  the  Act  "),  various  matters  are  to 
be  prescribed  by  His  Majesty  by  Order  in  Council: 

And  whereas  in  particular  provision  is  made  by  the  Act  as 
follows:  — 

"  Notwithstanding  anything  in  this  Act,  the  first  register 
to  be  prepared  under  this  Act  shall  come  into  force  on,  and 
remain  in  force  until,  such  date  as  His  Majesty  may  fix 
by  Order  in  Council,  and  His  Majesty  may  by  any  such 
Order  alter,  in  connection  with  the  first  register,  any  regis- 
tration dates,  including  the  dates  governing  the  qualify- 
ing period,  and  direct  that  this  Act  shall  have  effect  as  so 
altered"  (s.  46  (2))  (a): 

"  His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in   Council   prescribe   the 
forms  to  be  used  for  registration  purposes  and  any  fees  to 
be  taken  in  connection  therewith,  and  alter  the  rules  con- 
tained in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  this  Act  into  full  effect "  *  *  *  (s.  13  (2))  (6): 
"  The  statement  of  any  person,  made  in  the  prescribed 
form  and  verified  in  the  prescribed  manner,  that  he  would 
have  had   the  necessary   qualification  in    any    constituency 
but  for  the  service  which  brings  him  within  the  provisions 
of  this  section,  shall  for  all  purposes  of  this  section  be  suffi- 
cient if  there  is  no  evidence  to  the  contrary  "  (s.  5  (2))  (c). 
And  whereas  by  two  Orders  in  Council  dated  the  4th  day  of 
March,  1918  (d]  (hereinafter    referred    to    respectively    as    the 
"dates  order"  and  the  "forms  order"),  provision   was  made 
with  respect  to  the  dates  applicable  to  the  first  register  to  be 
prepared  under  the  Act,  and  the  forms  to  be  used  for  registra- 
tion purposes  respectively: 

And  whereas  the  forms  order  does  not  apply  to  Scotland  and 
Ireland  and  it  is  necessary  to  prescribe  forms  for  use  in  Scotland 
and  Ireland  respectively: 

And  whereas  it  is  expedient,  in  order  to  avoid  any  question 
which  may  arise,  to  comply  as  respects  England  and  Wales  and  as 
respects  Ireland  with  the  provisions  of  the  Rules  Publication 
Act,  1893,  both  as  to  the  matters  for  which  provision  has  been 
already  made  by  the  dates  order  and  the  forms  order,  and  as  to 
the  forms  to  be  prescribed  for  Ireland  under  this  order,  and  it 
is  necessary  on  account  of  urgency  that  any  order  providing  for 
Ihe  matters  dealt  with  by  this  order  should  come  into  operation 
forthwith: 

Now,  THEREFORE,  His  Majesty  is  pleased,  by   and  with  the 

(a)  See  p.  336,  supra.  (b)  See  pp.  133,  134,  supra. 

(e)  See  p.  77,  supra. 

(d]  See  pp.  613,  614  and  655—578  respectively. 


ORDER  IN  COUNCIL. 


advice  of  His  Privy  Council,  to  order,  and  it  is  hereby  ordered, 
as  follows:  — 

1.  The  dates  affecting  the  first  register  to  be  prepared  under 
the  Act,  including  the  registration  dates  and  the  dates  govern- 
ing the  qualifying  period,  shall,  instead  of  the  dates  specified  in 
the  Act,  be  the  dates  specified  in  the  third  column  of  the  Sche- 
dule (e)  to  the  dates  order,  and  in  addition  the  date  mentioned 
in   Rule   17   of   the   First   Schedule   to   the  Act   shall   for    the 
purposes  of  that  register  (instead  of  the  18th  day  of  February 
[August])  be  the  5th  day  of  July(e). 

2.  The  forms  specified  in  the  Schedule  (g]  to  the  forms  order 
or  forms  to  the  like  effect  shall  be  used  in  the  cases  to  which 
they  are  expressed  to  be  applicable  and  shall  for  the  purposes  of 
the  Act  be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed  forms  for  England  and 
Wales. 

3.  The  forms  specified  in  the  Schedule  to  the  forms  order  under 
Heading  V.  (h)    (Forms  of  statement  to  be  made   under  sec- 
tion 5  (2)  of  the  Act),  and  HeacLing  VII.  (*)  (Forms  of  notice 

eal) 


of  appeal)  or  forms  to  the  like  effect  shall  be  used  in  the  cases 
to  which  they  are  expressed  in  that  Schedule  to  be  applicable  and 
shall  for  the  purposes  of  the  Act  be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed 
forms  not  only  for  England  and  Wales  but  for  the  United 
Kingdom. 

4.  In  particular-  the  forms  of  statement  under  Heading  V.  (h), 
in  the  Schedule  to  the  forms  order  or  forms  to  the  like  effect 
shall  for  the  whole  United  Kingdom  be  deemed  to  be  the  pre- 
scribed forms  of  statement  that  a  person  would  have  had  the 
necessary   qualification   but   for   the  service   which   brings   him 
within  the  provisions  of  section  5  of  the  Act,  and  shall  be  veri- 
fied by  being  countersigned  by  an  officer  or  other  person  in  the 
manner  shown  in  the  forms. 

5.  The  forms  specified  in  Part  I.  of  the  Schedule  to  this  order 
or  forms  to  the  like  effect  shall  be  used  in  the  cases  to  which  they 
are  expressed  to  be  applicable  and  shall  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Act  be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed  forms  for  Scotland. 

6.  The  forms  specified  in  Part  II.  of  the  Schedule  to  this  order 
or  forms  to  the  like  effect  shall  be  used  in  the  cases  to  which  they 
are  expressed  to  be  applicable  and  shall  for  the  purposes  of  the 
Act  be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed   forms  for  Ireland. 

7.  This  order  shall  take  effect  from  the  date  hereof,  and,  except 
as  respects  Scotland,  shall  take  effect  provisionally  in  accordance 
with  tho  provisions  of  section.  2  of  the  Rules  Publication  Act,  1893. 

ALMEBIC  FrrzRoY. 


SCHEDULE. 

[Forms  for  fr'otJnnd  and  It'el<uid.~] 

(e}  The  dates  prescribed  by  the  Order  in  Council  of  June  4th,  1918, 
Lave  been  substituted  for  the  dates  here  referred  to.     See  rule  6,  p.  749, 
infra,  and  Fifth  Schedule,  p.  752,  infra. 
*(g)  See  pp.  556 — 578,  supra.  (h)  See  pp.  571—674,  supra. 

(i)  See  pp.  575,  576,  tupra. 

40(2) 


628  APPENDIX  I. 

No.  12. 

KULES  MADE  BY  THE  ADMIRALTY  IN 
PURSUANCE  OF  SECT.  41  (10)  (y)  FOR  THE 
PURPOSE  OF  THE  INTERPRETATION  OF 
THE  EXPRESSION  "AFLOAT"  IN  SECT.  5 

(3)  (ii)  (*). 

The  expression  "  afloat  in  connection  with  the  war "  means 
any  person  employed  under  Admiralty  directions  who  is  living 
on  board  any  of  His  Majesty's  ships  or  any  ship  or  hulk  pro- 
vided for  his  accommodation  by  the  Admiralty. 

No.  13. 

CIRCULAR  LETTER  (*)  FROM  LOCAL  GOVERN- 
MENT BOARD  TO  REGISTRATION 
OFFICERS. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD, 
Whitehall,  S.W.  1, 

13th  May,  1918. 
SIR, 

I  ,arn  directed  by  the  President  of  the  Local  Government 
Board  to  advert  to  the  circular  letter  of  the  10th  ultimo,  in 
which  reference  was  made  to  certain  matters  arising  under  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  and  in  particular  to  the 
registration  of  naval  or  military  voters. 

REGISTRATION  OF  NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTERS. 

In  the  circular  the  Board  pointed  out  that  under  present 
conditions  there  might  be  miscarriage,  or  delay  in  the  return  to 
the  Registration  Officer,  of  the  postcards  containing  the  state- 
ments anade  by  naval  or  military  voters  of  their  qualifications  to 
be  registered  under  section  5  (&)  of  the  Act,  and  that  therefore 
special  care  was  desirable  to  obtain  as  full  information  as  possible 
from  local  sources  as  to  naval  or  military  voters  in  order  to  secure, 
not  only  that  they  should  be  included  in  the  electors  lists,  but 
also  that  the  particulars  as  to  description  of  service,  regiment, 
ship,  etc.,  should  be  recorded  for  the  purpose  of  their  voting  as 
absent  voters.  Some  misapprehension  would,  however,  appear  to 
exist  as  to  the  right  of  a  naval  or  military  voter  to  be  registered 
unless  a  postcard  containing  the  prescribed  form  of  statement 

(y)  See  p.  308,  »upr«.  (z)  See  p.  77,  supra. 

(a)  See  sect.  13  (1),  p.  133,  wpra.          (8)  See  pp.  76—79,  supra. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS. 

under  sub-section  (2)  (c)  of  the  section  has  been  received.  The 
effect  of  the  sub-section  is  that  the  statement  of  the  naval  or 
military  voter  as  to  his  qualification  is  to  be  taken  as  sufficient  in 
the  absence  of  evidence  to  the  contrary.  It  must,  however,  be 
borne  in  mind  that  any  person  to  whom  section  5  of  the  Act 
applies  is  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector  for 
any  constituency  in  which  he  would  have  had  the  necessary 
qualification  but  for  the  service  which  brings  him  within  the 
section,  and  if,  in  the  case  of  any  naval  or  military  voter,  the 
Registration  Officer  is  satisfied  from  the  evidence  obtained  by 
local  enquiry  or  otherwise  that  such  voter  would,  but  for  his 
service,  have  possessed  the  qualification  to  be  registered  for  the 
constituency,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  Registration  Officer  to  cause 
the  name  of  the  voter  to  be  entered  in  the  electors  lists.  If 
a  postcard  is  subsequently  received  from  the  voter  any  necessary 
correction  in  the  entry  of  the  name  should  of  course  be  made  by 
the  Registration  Officer  in  the  revision  of  the  lists. 

The  Boa.rd  have  received  some  inquiries  as  to  the  manner  in 
which  the  cases  of  naval  or  military  voters  who  possess  an  actual 
residence  qualification  in  a  constituency  should  be  dealt  with  in 
preparing  the  electors  lists  and  registers.  Some  men  in  the 
Forces  have,  by  reason  of  the  nature  of  their  duties,  been  actually 
residing  in  a  particular  constituency  for  more  than  six  months, 
although  the  constituency  is  not  that  in  which  they  would  have 
resided  but  for  their  service.  In  such  a  case  a  naval  or  military 
voter  is  by  virtue  of  section  5  (1)  of  the  Act  not  entitled 
to  'be  registered  in  the  constituency  in  which  he  is  residing 
unices  he  makes  a  claim  in  the  prescribed  form  to  be  regis- 
tered in  respect  of  his  actual  residence  qualification  in  the 
constituency,  and  makes  the  necessary  declaration  as  to  the  steps 
taken  by  him  to  prevent  his  being  registered  in  any  other 
constituency  for  a  residence  qualification  which,  he  would  have  had 
but  for  his  service.  In  such  cases  Form  III.  (d)  can  be  supplied 
for  the  use  of  the  voter. 

The  Board  understand  that  in  some  cases  a  man  although  he 
has  taken  up  service  which  brings  him  within  the  provisions  of 
section  5  of  the  Act  has  not  ceased  to  reside  in  premises  in  the 
constituency  in  respect  of  which  he  would  have  been  qualified  to 
be  registered  in  the  ordinary  way  but  for  such  service.  The 
Board  do  not  think  that  £t  is  necessary  in  any  such  case  for  u  claim 
to  be  made  in  respect  of  an  actual  residence  qualification,  as  it  is 
obvious  that  a  declaration  cannot  be  made  by  him  that  he  has 
taken  steps  to  prevent  his  being  registered  for  another  con- 
stituency. The  voter  should  be  registered  in  the  electors  lists  in 
the  ordinary  way  but  his  qualification  should  be  described  as  N.M. 
like  other  naval  or  military  voters  and  he  should  be  entered  sub- 
sequently in  the  absent  voters  list  unless  he  gives  notice  to  the 
Registration  Officer  that  he  does  not  desire  to  l)e  placed  on  that 
list  in  accordance  with  Rule  17  (e]  in  the  First  Schedule  to  the 
Act, 


(r)  See  p.  77,  supra 
(d\  See  p.  569,  snpr>i. 
.»  See  pp.  345,  346,  «»<; 


t>;JO  APPENDIX  1. 


DELIVERY  OF  CARDS. 

The  Registration  Officer  should  now  be  receiving  the  postcards 
containing  the  statements  of  naval  or  military  voters.  In  order 
to  facilitate  the  return  to  the  proper  Registration  Officer  of  the 
completed  cards  which  are  to  be  distributed  to  the  different  classes 
of  naval  or  military  voters  by  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council,  Air 
Council,  Board  of  Trade,  Board  of  Agriculture  and  [Fisheries  and 
the  various  Organisations  whose  work  comes  within  section  5  of 
the  Act,  lists  of  place  names  indicating  the  parliamentary  areas  in 
which  places  are  situate  have  been  supplied  to  the  Government 
Departments  and  the  Organisations  so  that  the  officers  verifying 
the  statements  of  the  voters  might  be  able  to  insert  in  the  address 
the  name  of  the  parliamentary  county  or  borough.  In  general 
therefore  the  cards  will  bear  the  proper  address  and  will  be 
received  [by  the 'Registration  Officer  in  the  ordinary  course  of  post. 

In  some  cases,  however,  loss  of  time  may  be  occasioned  through 
a  card  bearing  only  the  name  of  the  county  or.  the  name  of  a  town 
other  than  that  in  which  the  office  of  the  Registration  Officer  is 
situated.  The  Postmaster-General  has  issued  instructions  which 
it  is  hoped  will  secure  as  far  as  practicable  that  such  cards  are 
delivered  at  the  office  of  the  Registration  Officer  of  the  parlia- 
mentary borough  or  parliamentary  county  to  which  the  qualify- 
ing address  relates.  A  certain  number  of  cards  may  nevertheless 
reach  a  Registration  Officer  which  do  not  relate  to  qualifying 
addresses  within  his  registration  area,  e.g.,  a  card  may  relate 
to  an  address  in  an  adjacent  parliamentary  county  or  to  a  par- 
liamentary borough  in  the  county.  It  is  desirable  therefore  that 
immediately  on  the  receipt  of  a  card  the  Registration  Officer 
should  cause  the  qualifying  address  to  be  verified  so  as  to  ensure- 
that  the  address  is  in  his  area.  If  on  examination  he  finds  that 
the  qualifying  address  relates  to  another  registration  area  in 
England  or  Wales,  it  is  requested  that  he  will  at  once  forward 
the  card  to  the  Registration  Officer  of  that  area  if  he  is  able  to 
identify  the  area.  If  the  information  is  insufficient  for  this 
purpose,  the  card  should  at  once  be  sent  to  the  Superintendent 
on  Duty,  Inland  Section,  Mount  Pleasant,  London,  E.G.  1.  If 
the  qualifying  address  on  the  card  shows  that  it  relates  to  a 
constituency  in  Scotland,  it  should  be  forwarded  to  the  General 
Register  Office,  Edinburgh,  or  if  to  a  constituency  in  Ireland  to 
the  Superintendent  on  Duty,  Sorting  Office.  Dublin. 

There  may  be  special  difficulty  in  regard  to  the  cards  relating 
to  qualifying  addresses  in  the  case  of  the  geographical  counties  of 
Yorkshire,  Sussex,  Lincolnshire  and  Suffolk  which  comprise  two 
or  more  parliamentary  counties.  If  the  cards  have  been  addressed 
to  the  Registration  Officer,  Yorkshire,  Sussex,  etc.,  the  Post  Office 
will  be  in  doubt  to  which  Registration  Officer  the  cards  should  be 
sent.  Arrangements  have  therefore  been  made  for  all  cards  thus 
addressed  to  be  forwarded  by  the  Post  Office  to  one  Registration 
Officer  in  each  of  these  geographical  counties  who  will  distribute 
to  the  other  Registration  Officers  in  that  county  the  cards  relating 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGLSTRAT1ON  OFFICERS.  631 

to  their  registration  areas.     The   Registration  Officer   \vlio  has 
undertaken  the  distribution  in  each  of  the   counties  is:  — 

1.  Yorkshire          ...     Registration  Officer  for  the  County  of 

Yorks  (West  Biding),  Wakefield. 

2.  Lincolnshire     ...     Registration  Officer  for  the  County  of 

the  Parts  of  Lindsey,  Lincoln. 

3.  Sussex Registration  Officer  for  the  County  of 

East  Sussex,  County  Hall,  Lewes. 

4.  Suffolk   ...         ...     Registration  Officer  for  the  County  of 

East  Suffolk,  Ipswich. 

The  Registration  Officer  of  any  other  parliamentary  county  or 
borough  who  receives  a  card  relating  to  any  one  of  the  four 
counties  mentioned  and  is  unable  .to  identify  the  particular  parlia- 
mentary county  to  which  it  relates  might  adopt  the  same  course. 

Appended  to  this  Circular  is  a  list  of  the  parliamentary  counties 
comprising  more  than  one  administrative  county  and  of  the 
parliamentary  boroughs  containing  more  than  one  municipal 
borough  or  urban  district,  indicating  the  Registration  Officer  for 
each  such  parliamentary  county  or  borough. 

The  difficulty  of  securing  the  registration  of  naval  or  military 
voters  is  very  greatly  increased  owing  to  the  present  war  con- 
ditions, and  much  additional  labour  may  be  thrown  on  Regis- 
tration Officers.  Mr.  Hayes  Fisher  feels  sure,  however,  that 
every  Registration  Officer  will  by  reciprocal  action  as  above 
suggested  do  what  is  possible  to  ensure  that  every  card  reaches 
its  proper  destination. 


TITLE  PAGE  FOR  ELECTORS  LISTS. 

Some  inquiries  have  been  made  as  to  the  form  of  a  title  page 
for  the  electors  lists  for  each  Registration  Unit. 

It  has  not  been  thought  necessary  to  prescribe  a  form  for  the 
purpose,  and  the  Registration  Officer  will  determine  the  precise 
particulars  which  the  page  should  include.  The  Board  consider, 
however,  that  in  view  of  the  need  for  economy  there  should  be 
onlv  one  title  page  for  the  unit  which  will  be  prefixed  to  Division 
One  of  the  electors  lists.  The  Registration  Officer  will  direct 
what  references  to  areas  in  addition  to  the  constituency,  polling 
district  (with  its  distinctive  letter)  and  registration  unit  shall  be 
given  on  the  title  page.  The  particulars  indicating  the  contents 
of  each  of  the  three  divisions  of  the  electors  lists  and  the 
abbreviations  used  in  the  fourth  column  relating  to  the  nature  of 
the  qualifications  which  are  prescribed  with  the  Form  of  Register 
by  Order  in  Council  should  also  appear  on  the  front  or  on  the 
back  of  the  title  page.  The  description  of  the  marks  against  tho 
names  of  electors  should  not  appear  on  the  title  page  for  the 
electors  lists,  «as  marks  will  be  placed,  where  necessary,  by  tho 
Registration  Officer  in  the  course  of  making  up  the  register  and 
the  description  can  then  be  inserted.  The  Board  do  not  think 
that  it  is  necessary  to  include  in  the  headings  of  any  of  the  sheets 
in  Division  One  or  Divisions  Two  and  Three  any  more  com- 


APPENDIX   I. 


prehensive  particulars  than  arc  indicated  in  the  register  sheets 
supplied  by  the  Stationery  Office  for  the  purpose  of  entering  up 
the  electors  lists. 

ABSENT  VOTERS  LIST.    PUBLICATION  OF  DOCUMENTS,  &c. 

The  Board  desire  to  add  that  the  Absent  Voters  List  will  not 
bo  published  with  the  electors  lists  but  is  to  be  prepared  by  the 
Registration  Officer  subsequently  to  the  publication  of  the  electors 
lists.  The  separate  list  of  naval  or  military  voters  suggested  in 
the  Circular  of  10th  April  (/)  is  intended  to  facilitate  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  Absent  Voters  List  and  more  particularly  to  secure 
that  particulars  as  to  the  ship,  regiment,  number,  etc.,  of  the 
naval  or  military  voters  should  be  obtained  so  as  to  be  entered 
in  the  record  of  the  addresses  of  absent  voters. 

A  further  circular  will  shortly  be  addressed  to  the  Registration 
Officer  as  to  the  form  of  the  Absent  Voters  List  and  as  to  the 
period  for  keeping  documents  published.  The  Board  will  also 
furnish  for  the  use  of  Registration  Officers  a  model  form  of  notice 
as  to  the  manner  of  and  time  for  making  claims  and  objections 
which  under  Rule  6  (gr)  in  Schedule  I.  of  the  Act  is  to  bo 
published  at  the  same  time  as  the  electors  lists. 

I  am,  Sir, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 


H.  C.  MONRO, 

Secretary. 


To  the  Registration  Officer. 


PARLIAMENTARY  COUNTIES  CONTAINING  MORE  THAN  ONE  COUNTY. 


Parliamentary  Counties  contained  in 

County.  Parliamentary  County. 

Cornwall    . 


Parts     of      Kesteven 


Registration 

Officer. 


Cornwall,  Isles  of  Scilly..  j  Clerk  of   the  County 
Council  of  Coruwall. 


Lincoln    (Parts   of    Kent- 


(Lincolnshire)    and        even),  Rutland. 
Rutland. 

Northampton,      with  [  Northampton,      Scke     of 

the  Soke  of  Peter-  i     Peterborough. 
hi  )  rough. 

Brecon  and  Raduor. .  j  Brecon,  Radnor    


Clerk  of  the  County 
Council  of  Parts  of 
Kesteven . 

Clerk  of  the  County 
Council  of  North- 
ampton. 

Clerk  of  the  County 
Council  of  Brecon. 


(/)  See  pp.  023,  624,  *«pra. 
Iff}  See  p.  341,  .supra. 


DIRECTIONS  TO  REGISTRATION  OFFICERS. 


633 


PARLIAMENTARY  BOROUGHS  CONTAINING  MORE  THAN  ONE  BOROUGH 
OR  URBAN  DISTRICT. 


Pa  vl  ia  men  ta  r  y 
Borough. 

Boroughs  or  Urban  District* 
contained  in 
Parliamentary  Borough. 

Registration 
Officer. 

Accrington 

Accrington  Church  Clay- 

Town  Clerk 

Asliton-under-LyiKj.  . 
Barnsley    

Batley  and  Morley  .  . 
Blackpool    , 

ton-le-Moors,      O»wald- 
twistle,  Rishton. 
Ash  ton-  under-  Lyne, 
Hurst. 
Barnsley,    Ardsley,    Dar- 
ton,  Monk  Bretton. 
Batley,  Morley,  Osnett   .  . 
Blackpool    Binpham  with 

Accrington. 

Town  Clerk,  Ashton- 
uuder-Lyiie. 
Town  Clerk, 
Barnsley. 
Town  Clerk,  Batley. 
Town  Clerk, 

Brighton    

Norbreck,   Lytham    and 
St.  Anne's-on-the  Sea. 
Brighton,  Hove     

Blackpool. 
Town  Cierk, 

Broinley     

Bromlev,          Beckenhain, 

Brighton. 
Town  Clerk, 

Bury  

Peuge. 
Bury,  Tottington     

Bromley. 
Town  Clerk,  Bury. 

'Cheltenham 

Cheltenham           Charlton 

Town  Clerk, 

Eccles    

Kings. 
Eccles,  Swinton  and  Peii- 

Cheltenham. 
Town  Clerk,  Eccles. 

'Grirosby 

dlebury. 
Grimsbv   Clee^horpes     .  . 

Town  Clerk, 

The  Hartlepools  
Hythe    

We»t  Hartlepool, 
Hartlepool. 
Hythe,  Folkestone, 

G-rimsby. 
Town  Clerk, 
West  Hartlepool. 
Town  Clerk, 

Kingston-  upon  - 
Thames. 

Leigh     

Cheriton,  Sandgate. 
Kingston  -  upon  -  Thames, 
Surbilon,    Maidens    and 
Combe. 
Leigh,  Atherton,  Tyldes- 

Folkestone. 
Town  Clerk, 
Kingston  -upon- 
Thanies. 
Town  Clerk,    Leigh, 

Lincoln  

ley-with-Shakerley. 
Lincoln,  Bracebridge  .... 

Lanes. 
Town  Clerk,  Lincoln. 

Morpeth     

Morpeth,  Ashington,  Bed- 

Town  Clerk, 

Neluon  and  Colne    .  . 

^Newcastle-  under  - 
Lyme. 

Preston              

lingtonshii-e,   Blyth  and 
some      email      adjacent 
areas. 
Colne,    Neleou,     Barrow- 
ford,    Brierfield,    Traw- 
den  and  some  small  adja- 
cent areas. 
Newcastle  -  under  -  Lyme, 
Audley,          Wolstanton 
United. 

Morpeth. 
Town  Clerk,  Nelson. 

Town     Clerk,    New- 
castle-under-Lyme. 

Town  Clerk,  Preston. 

Richmond  

Richmond,   Barries,   Ham 

Town    Clerk,     Rich- 

Chatham,        Grillingham, 

mond,  Surrey. 
Town  Clerk, 

Rochester. 

Chatham. 

634 


APPENDIX  I. 


Parliamentary 
Borough. 

Boroughsor  Urban  Districts 
contained  in 
Parliamentary  Borough. 

Registration 
Officer. 

Rossendulf      .  .  . 

Bacup,  Hasliugden,  Rn,\v- 

Town  Clerk 

Rotherham      

tenstall. 
Rotherham,  Grreasbrough, 

Rawtenstall. 
Town  Clerk, 

Southampton      .    ... 

Rawmarsh 
Southampton.          Itchen, 

Rotherham. 
Town  Clerk, 

8tocktou-on-Tees.  .  .  . 
Sunderland    .  . 

Bitterne  (parish  of). 
Stockton-on-Tees, 
Thornaby  -  on-  Tees. 
Sunderland,      South  wick- 

Southampton. 
Town  Clerk, 
Stockton-  on  -Tees^ 
Town  Clerk, 

Wall  send     

on  -Wear. 
Wallsend,         Gosforth 

Sunderland. 
Town  Clerk 

Wednesbury 

Longbenton,  Weetslade, 
A\^ednesbury      Darlaston, 

Wallsend. 
Town  Cleik 

Wimbledon   

Tipton. 
TV^imbledou            JVIertoii, 

Wednesbury. 
Town  Clerk, 

Wolverhamptou    .... 
Cardiff    

Morden. 
Wolverhampton,   Bilston, 
Coseley,    Heath     Town 
(or  Wednesfield  Heath), 
Sedglev,    Short    Heath, 
Wednesfield,  Willenhall. 
Cardiff,  Penarth  

Wimbledon. 
Town  Clerk, 
Wol  verhampton... 

Town  Clerk   Cardiff. 

Carnarvon  District  of 
Boroughs. 

Merthyr  Tydfil     .... 

Bangor,  Carnarvon,  Con- 
way,  Pwllheli,  Criccieth, 
Llandudno,        Llanfair- 
fechan,     Penmaenniawr, 
Nevin  (parish  of). 
Merthyr  Tydfil,  Aberdare, 
Mountain  Ash. 

Town  Clerk, 
Carnarvon.. 

Town  Clerk, 
Merthyr  Tydfil. 

WORK  RECOGNISED  AS  OF  NATIONAL  IMPORTANCE. 


No.  14. 

WOEK  RECOGNISED  BY  THE  ADMIRALTY, 
ARMY  COUNCIL,  AND  AIR  COUNCIL,  AS 
WORK  OF  NATIONAL  IMPORTANCE  IN 
CONNECTION  WITH  THE  WAR  IN  PUR- 
SUANCE OF  SECT.  5  (8)  (n)  (c)  (h). 

ADMIRALTY. 

Navy  and  Army  Canteen  Board. 
Wesdeyan  Army  and  Navy  Board. 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 
The  Salvation  Army. 
Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 

ARMY  COUNCIL. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

Salvation  Army. 

Church  Army. 

Scottish  Churches  Huts. 

Catholic  Women's  League. 

Catholic  Club  Huts. 

United  Navy  and  Army  Board. 

Soldiers'  Christian  Association. 

The  Colonial  and  Continental  Church  Society. 

Navy  and  Army  Canteen  Board. 

Wesley  an  Army  and  Navy  Board. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association. 

AIR  COUNCIL. 
All  the  bodies  recognised  by  the  Army  Council. 

(A)  See  pp.  78.  80,  .«//>»•//. 


636  APPENDIX  II. 


APPENDIX  II. 

COUNTY  COURT  RULES  AND  RULES  OF 
SUPREME  COURT  AS  TO  APPEALS  TO 
COURT  or  APPEAL  FROM  COUNTY 
COURTS. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

1.  County  Court  Rules,  Explanatory  Memorandum  636 

2.  County  Court  Rules  638 

3.  County  Court  Rules,   1918   (No.    2)   662 

4.  Rules  of  Supreme  Court  as   to  Appeals   (Registration 

Appeals  Rule,  1918) 669 


No.   1. 

COUNTY  COURT  RULES,  DATED  ISTH  JUNE, 
1918,  AS  TO  APPEALS  FROM  REGISTRA- 
TION OFFICERS  UNDER  THE  REPRE- 
SENTATION OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918 
(7  &  8  G-EO.  5,  c.  (54),  SECT.  14  (Ii). 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM. 

These  Rules  have  been  framed  under  section  14,  sub-s.  1  of 
the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918. 

Rule  2  defines  the  court  to  which  an  appeal  shall  lie,  as 
provided  by  s.  14,  sub-s.  1. 

Rule  3  provides  who  shall  be  respondents  to  an  appeal.  See 
Act,  s.  14,  sub-s.  1,  and  Sched.  1,  Rule  29. 

Rules  4  and  5  provide  for  the  information  to  be  furnished  by 
the  registration  officer  to  the  court.  See  Act,  Sched.  1,  Rules  29 
and  30. 

Rule  6  requires  the  appellant  to  send  notice  to  the  court  re- 
questing the  appeal  to  be  entered  for  hearing,  and  to  pay  the 
prescribed  fee. 

(A)  See  pp.  134—137,  supra. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  637 

Rule  7  provides  for  cases  where  appeals  are  sent  to  the  wrong 
court. 

Rule  8  provides  for  the  numbering  of  appeals,  and  for  a  record 
to  be  kept  of  such  appeals. 

Eule  9  provides  for  the  fixing  of  a  time  and  place  for  the 
hearing  of  an  appeal,  and  for  the  length  of  notice  to  the  parties. 

Paragraph  3  applies  to  appeals  in  the  present  year.  The  work 
of  the  registration  officers  in  framing  the  first  register  must 
necessarily  be  heavy,  and  it  is  uncertain  when  notices  of  appeal 
will  reach  the  county  courts;  and  it  will  be  difficult  for  the 
judges  to  fix  courts  for  the  hearing  of  appeals  without  delay, 
unless  special  arrangements  are  made.  Paragraph  3  therefore 
fixes  for  this  year  a  period  within  which  the  appeals  may  be  set 
down  for  hearing,  so  as  to  fit  in  with  any  arrangements  which 
may  be  made  altering  the  normal  time  for  the  closing  of  the 
courts  during  the  vacation,  and  to  provide  for  appeals  being 
heard  and  decided  in  time  for  the  register  to  be  altered  in 
accordance  with  the  results  before  it  is  published. 

Paragraph  4  gives  power  to  fix  the  hearing  of  appeals  at 
courts  other  than  those  to  which  the  appeals  lie. 

Rule  10  provides  for  notice  of  hearing. 

Rule  11  provides  for  evidence  on  an  appeal.  In  most  cases  the 
statement  of  the  registration  officer  may  be  expected  to  be  suffi- 
cient ;  but  as  an  appeal  lies  on  question  of  fact,  the  rule  provides 
that  the  parties  may,  by  leave  of  the  judge,  give  further  evidence. 

Rule  12  provides  for  the  appearance  of  parties.  With  regard 
to  par.  (1)  (d),  the  parties  may  under  the  Act,  Sched.  1,, 
Rule  39,  appear  by  any  person,  which  includes  registration 
agents:  and  it  is  thought  that  where  parties  are  not  repre- 
sented by  solicitors  or  counsel,  it  would  facilitate  the  hearing 
of  appeals  if  such  agents  were  allowed  to  appear,  and  par.  (1)  (d) 
has  been  framed  accordingly. 

Rules  13,  14  and  15  define  the  powers  of  the  court  on  the 
hearing  of  appeals. 

Rule  16  requires  the  judge  to  take  a  note  of  any  question  of 
law  raised,  and  to  furnish  copies. 

Rule  17  provides  for  costs:  Paragraph  3  is  taken  from  sect.  70 
of  the  Registration  Act  of  1843. 

Rule  20  provides  for  the  consolidation  of  appeals  in  cases 
decided  on  the  same  points  of  law,  or  rather  for  the  selection  of 
one  case  for  hearing  as  a  test  case,  as  contemplated  by  the  Act, 
Sched.  1,  Rule  30. 

Rule  21  provides  for  service  of  notices,  etc.,  and  proof  of 
service. 

Rule  22  provides  for  fees. 

Rule  23  provides  that  a  person  desiring  to  appeal  from  the 
county  court  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  shall  give  notice  to  the 
county  court  of  his  intention  to  appeal,  so  as  to  enable  the  judge 
to  consolidate  appeals. 


638  APPENDIX  II. 

Rule  24  provides  for  the  consolidation  of  appeals.  The  Rules 
of  the  Supreme  Court  giye  power  to  the  judge  of  the  county 
eourt  to  order  such  consolidation.  The  rule  is  based  on  sect.  44 
of  the  Registration  Act  of  1843. 

Rule  25  provides  for  cases  in  which  a  deputy  or  acting  registra- 
tion officer  deals  with  the  register,  and  notice  of  appeal  from 
his  decision  is  given. 

Rule  20  provides  for  cases  in  which  an  assistant  judge  ap- 
pointed under  sect.  14  of  the  Act  hears  appeals. 

Rule  27  provides  forms  for  use  on  appeals. 

Rule  28  provides  for  cases  of  non-compliance  with  the  Rules 
or  departure  from  the  prescribed  forms. 

Rule  29  provides  for  the  computation  of  time,  and  is  based  on 
the  Act,  Sched.  1,  Rule  42,  and  the  County  Court  Rules, 
Order  LIV.,  Rules  17-19. 


No.  2. 

COUNTY  COUET  EULES,  DATED  18-TH  JUNE, 
1918,  AS  TO  APPEALS  FEOM  EEGISTEA- 
TION  OFFICEES  UNDEE  THE  EEPEE- 
SENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918 
(7  &  8  GEO.  5,  c.  64),  SECT.  14  (b). 

1.  Procedure  on  appeals  under  7  &  8  Geo.  5,  c.  64,  s.  14.-— 
The  procedure  on  appeals  to  the  county  court  from  the  decisions 
of  registration   officers   under  section   fourteen   of   the   Repre- 
sentation of  the  People  Act,  1918  (in  these  Rules  referred  to 
as  "the  Act"),  shall  be  governed  by  the  following  rules. 

2.  Court  to  which  appeal  shall  lie.- — (1)  The  court  (c)  to  which 
an  appeal  shall  lie  shall  be  the  court  'in  the  district  of  which  the 
qualifying  premises  (as  denned  by  this  Rule)  are  situate,  subject 
to  paragraph  2  of  Rule  7,  and  to  the  power  of  the  judge  to  fix 
the  place  for  the  hearing  of  the  appeal  pursuant  to  Rule  9. 

(2)  For  the  purposes  of  this  Rule  the  expression  "  the  qualify- 
ing premises  "  means  the  premises  in  respect  of  which  the  person 
whose  right  to  be  registered  is  in  any  way  in  question  on  the 
appeal  is  entered  on  the  electors  list  or  claims  to  be  entitled 
to  be  registered;  or  where  such  person  is  so  entered  or  claims 
to  be  entitled  to  be  registered  in  respect  of  residence  in  or 
occupation  of  premises  in  succession,  the  premises  last  resided 
in  or  occupied  during  the  qualifying  period  as  defined  by  section 
six  of  the  Act. 

(b)  See  pp.  134—137,  tupra. 

(c)  See  sect.  14  (1),  p.  134,  supra. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  639 

3.  Respondent*  to  appeal. — Where  notice  of  appeal  is  given 
pursuant  to  Eule  29  (c)  in  the  first  Schedule  to  the  Act,  the  party 
(if  any)  in  whose  favour  the  decision  of  the  registration  officer 
is  given  shall  be  the  respondent;  and  the  registration  officer  (c?) 
shall  also  be  named  as  a  respondent. 

4.  Notice  of  appeal  and  other  documents  to  be  sent  by  regis- 
tration  officer   to   registrar. — (1)  On  a  notice  of  appeal  being 
given  to  the  registration  officer  pursuant  to  Eule  29  (c)  in  the 
first  Schedule  to  the  Act,  he  shall  within  seven  days  after  the 
receipt  of  the  notice  forward  the  same  by  post  to  the  registrar 
of  the  court  to  which  the  appeal  lies,  together  in  each  case  with — 

(a)  a  copy  of  any  claim  or  notice  of  objection  sent  to  him 

in  the  matter; 

(b)  a  statement  of  the  material  facts  which  in  his  opinion 

have  been  established  in  the  case;  and 

(o)  a  statement  of  his  decision  upon  the  whole  case  and  upon 
any  special  point  which  may  be  specified  in  the  notice 
of  appeal  as  a  ground  of  appeal. 

(2)  The  registration  officer  shall  also  on  request  furnish  to  the 
court  any  further  information  which  the  court  may  require,  and 
which  he  is  able  to  furnish. 

5.  Where  a  number  of  appeals  are  based  on  similar  grounds 
(Form  1). — Where  it  appears  to  the  registration  officer  that  any 
notices  of  appeal  given  to  him  are  based  on  similar  grounds,  he 
shall  forward  to  the  registrar  a  declaration  to  that  effect,  for 
the  purpose  of  enabling  the  court,  if  it  thinks  fit,  to  consolidate 
the  appeals,  or  to  select  one  of  such  cases  for  hearing  in  the 
first  instance  as  a  test  case  (e). 

6.  Request   by  appellant  for  entry   of  appeal  for  hearing. — 
A  person  desiring  to  appeal  against  the  decision  of  a  registration 
officer  shall  in  addition  to  giving  notice  of  appeal  pursuant  to 
Eule  29  in  the  first  Schedule  to  me  Act  forward  to  the  registrar 
of  the  court  to  which  the  appeal  lies,  within  the  time  fixed  by 
that  rule,  a  copy  of  the  notice  of  appeal,  accompanied  by  a  request 
to  the  court,  according  to  the  form  in  the  Appendix,  to  enter  the 
appeal  (Form  2)  for  hearing  and  to  fix  a  time  and  place  for  the 
hearing  thereof,  and  shall  state  in  such  request  an  address  to 
which  notices  and  other  documents  are  to  be  sent,  and  shall  with 
such  copy  and  request  forward  to  the  registrar  the  fee  prescribed 
by  these  Eules. 

7.  Where   notice   of  appeal  or   request  forwarded   to   wrong 
?-ourt. — (1)  If  any  notice  of  appeal  or  request  for  the  entry  of 
an  appeal  is  forwarded  to  a  court  other  than  the  court  to  which 
it  should  have  been  forwarded,  the  registrar  shall  within  two 
days  after  the  receipt  thereof  forward  the  same  and  any  docu- 
ments and  the  fee  relating  to  the  matter  to  the  registrar  of  the 
proper  court,   who  shall  proceed  thereon  as   if  such  notice  or 

(c)  See  p.  350,  supra. 

(d)  See  sect.  14  (5),  p.  136,  tupra. 

(e)  See  First  Schedule,  rule  30,  p.  350,  supra. 


640  APPENDIX  II. 

request  had  been  forwarded  to  him  in  the  first  instance;  and 
the  time  within  which  the  hearing  is  to  be  fixed  shall  be  calcu- 
lated from  the  date  on  which  such  request  is  received  by  him. 
(2)  If  after  an  appeal  has  been  entered  for  hearing  and  notice 
of  the  hearing  has  been  given  it  appears  that  the  notice  of  appeal 
and  request  for  entry  should  have  been  forwarded  to  some  other 
court,  the  judge  may  either — 

(a)  transfer  the  appeal  to  such  other  court,  in  which  case  it 

shall  be  dealt  with  as  if  the  notice  and  request  had 
been  sent  in  the  first  instance  to  that  court ;  or 

(b)  retain  the  appeal  and  deal  with  the   same  in  the  court 

in  which  it  is  entered,  in  which  case  the  proceedings 
on  the  appeal  shall  be  as  valid  as  if  it  had  been  properly 
sent  to  that  court. 

8.  Notices  of  appeal  to  be  numbered  consecutively, — Notices 
of  appeal  with  requests  for  the  entry  of  the  appeals  for  hearing 
received  and  retained  by  the  registrar  shall  be  numbered  by  him 
consecutively,  and  shall  be  entered  in  a  register  to  be  kept  by 
the  registrar  according  to  the  form  in  the  Appendix  (Form  13); 
and  all  subsequent  notices  and  documents  relating  to  any  such 
appeal  shall  bear  the  same  number. 

9.  Fixing  time  and  place  for  hearing  appeal. — (1)  On  receipt 
of  a  request  for  the  entry  of  an  appeal  for  hearing  the  registrar 
shall  enter  the  same  accordingly,  and  shall  communicate  with 
the  judge,  who  shall,  as  soon  as  conveniently  may  be,  fix  a  time 
and  place  for  the  hearing  of  the  appeal. 

(2)  The   time   to   be   fixed   shall  be    within    twenty-one   days 
from  the  day  on  which  the  request  is  received  by  the  registrar, 
and  shall  be  so  fixed  as  to  allow  notice  of  the  hearing  to  be 
given  to  the  parties  and  the  registration  officer  five  clear  days 
at  least  before  the  day  so  fixed. 

(3)  Provided  that  in  the  year  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen 
the  time  for  the  hearing  of  any  appeal  may  be  fixed  for  any  day 
between  the  second  and  the  twenty-first  days  of  September,  both 
inclusive,  although  the  day  so  fixed  may  be  more  than  twenty-one 
days  from  the  day  on  which  the  request  >f or  the  entry  of  the  appeal 
is  received  by  the  registrar. 

The  place  of  hearing  shall  be  the  place  at  which  the  court 
Provided  that  if  the  judge  is  satisfied  that  any  appeal  can 
be  more  conveniently  heard  at  some  other  court  of  which  he  is 
the  judge,  or  at  some  other  place  within  or  without  the  district 
of  the  court  which  is  available  for  the  purpose,  he  may  order  the 
hearing  to  take  place  at  such  other  court  or  place. 

(5)  Two  courts  for  the  hearing  of  appeals  may  be  held  on  one 
day  before  the  same  judge. 

10.  Notice   of   hearing   to  parties   and  registration    officer. — 
On  the  time  and  place  for  the  hearing  being  fixed,  the  registrar 
shall  give  notice  thereof  to  the  appellant  and  to  the  respondent 
(if  any),  and  to  the  registration  officer,  according  to  the  form 
in  the  Appendix.    Provided  that  where  the  same  person  is  appel- 
lant or  respondent  in  a  number  of  appeals  fixed  to  be  heard 


.    (4)  T 
is  held: 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  641 

on  the  same  day  it  shall  be  sufficient  to  send  one  notice  only  to 
such  person  (Forms  3,  4,  5),  with  a  schedule  appended  thereto 
of  the  appeals  to  which  the  notice  relates:  Provided  also,  that  it 
shall  be  sufficient  to  send  one  notice  only  to  the  registration  officer 
of  a  number  of  appeals  fixed  to  be  heard  on  the  same  day,  with 
a  schedule  appended  thereto  of  the  appeals  to  which  the  notice 
relates. 

11.  Furnishing  copies  of  documents  sent  by  registration  officer. 
— (1)  The  registrar  shall,  on  the  application  and  at  the  cost  of 
any  party  to  an  appeal,  furnish  him  with  a  copy  of  any  docu- 
ment, statement,  or  information  forwarded  by  the  registration 
officer  to  the  registrar. 

(2)  Documents  to  be  received  and  used  at  hearing.     Further 
evidence. — The  documents,  statement,  and  information  so  for- 
warded shall  be  received  and  used  on  the  hearing  of  the  appeal, 
and  shall  be  primd  facie  evidence  of  the  facts  stated  therein; 
but  any  party  to  the  appeal  may,  by  leave  of  the  judge,  give  such 
further  evidence  as  he  may  be  advised. 

(3)  Oral  evidence. — Where  further  evidence  is  tendered,  oral 
evidence  only  shall  be  admitted,  unless  by  consent  or  otherwise 
ordered. 

(4)  Admission  of  certain  material  as  prima  facie  evidence. — 
The  judge  may  order  that  any  material,  whether  strictly  ad- 
missible in  evidence  or  not,  which  in  his  opinion  ought  to  be 
admitted  as  'prima  -facie  evidence  of  any  fact,  shall  be  primd 
facie  evidence  of  that  fact,  so  as  to  throw  the  burden  of  proof 
on  to  the  other  party. 

(5)  Sending  back  statement  for  restatement. — If  in  the  opinion 
of  the  judge  the  statement  forwarded  by  the  registration  officer, 
and  the  other  material  before  the  court,  are  not  sufficient  to 
enable  him  to  give  judgment  in  law,  he  may  remit  the  statement 
to  the  registration  officer  for  restatement  or  further  statement. 

12.  Appearance  of  parties. — (1)  Any  party  to  an  appeal  may 
appear  or  act  on  the  appeal — 

in  person; 

by  any  solicitor  who  would  be  entitled  to  appear  for  such 
party  in  an  action  in  the  county  court; 

(c)  by  counsel;   or 

(d)  by  any  other  person  nominated  by  such  party  in  writing 

signed  by  him  to  appear  or  act  on  his  behalf  and  ap- 
proved by  the  judge; 
but  not  otherwise. 

Provided  that  the  judge  may  allow  any  party  to  appear  or  act 
by  a  person  not  nominated  in  writing  as  required  by  paragraph 
(d),  if  he  is  satisfied  that  such  person  is  in  fact  authorised  to 
appear  or  act  for  such  party,  and  that  the  failure  to  obtain  a 
nomination  in  writing  is  due  to  mistake  or  other  reasonable  cause. 

F.  41 


(a)  ii 
(b)b 


642  APPENDIX  II. 

(2)  No  person  (other  than  a  solicitor)  who  appears  or  acts  on 
behalf  of  any  party  to  an  appeal  shall  be  entitled  to  have  or  re- 
cover any  fee,  reward  or  sum  for  so  appearing  or  acting,  other 
than  such  travelling  expenses  (if  any)  as  may  be  allowed  by  the 
court:  Provided  that  nothing  in  these  rules  contained  shall  affect 
the  right  of  a  solicitor  to  recover  costs  (subject  to  the  limita- 
tion imposed  by  these  rules)  in  respect  of  his  employment  of 
counsel. 

13.  Amendment  of  notice  of  appeal,  &c. — The  judge  may  at 
any  stage  of  the  proceedings  allow  the  amendment  of  the  notice 
of  appeal,  or  make  any  other  order  on  such  terms  as  he  may 
think  just,  to  ensure  the  determination  on  the  merits  of  the  real 
question  in  controversy  between  the  parties. 

14.  Power  to  draw  inferences  of  fact. — The  judge  shall  have 
power  to  draw  all  inferences  of  fact  which  might  have  been 
drawn  by  the  registration  officer,  and  to  give  any  decision  and 
make  any  order  which  ought  to  have  been  given  or  made  by  the 
registration  officer,  regard  being  had  in  particular  to  Eule  22  (df) 
in  the  first  Schedule  to  the  Act. 

15.  General  powers. — Subject  to  the  special  provisions  of  these 
rules,  the  court  shall  in  relation  to  any  appeal  have  all  the  powers 
attaching  to  the  exercise  of  its  ordinary  jurisdiction,  and  the 
rules  governing  the  practice  of  the  court  shall  with  the  necessary 
modifications  apply   accordingly. 

16.  Note  to  l»e  taken  of  question  of  law  raised,  etc.,  and  copy 
furnished. — At  the  hearing  of  an  appeal  the  judge  shall  make  a 
note  of  any  question  of  law  raised,  and  of  the  facts  in  evidence 
in  relation  thereto,  and  of  his  decision  thereon,  and  of  his  de- 
cision on  the  (hearing  of  the  appeal :  and  ire,  where  notice  of  appeal 
to  the  Court  of  Appeal  has  been  given,  shall,  at  the  expense 
of  any  party  to  such  appeal,  furnish  a  copy  of  the  note  so  taken 
to  such  party,  and  shall  sign  such  copy,  whether  notice  of  appeal 
to  the  Court  of  Appeal  has  been  given  or  not. 

17.  Costs. — (1)  The  costs  of  and  incidental  to  an  appeal  .shall 
be  in  the  discretion  of  the  judge. 

(2)  The  judge  may  either  fix  the  amount  of  such  costs,  or  allow 
them  on  such  scale  as  he  may  direct,  and  in  default  of  any  such 
direction  they  shall  be  taxed  under  Column  A.  of  the  higher  scale 
of  costs  in  use  in  the  County  Courts :  and  an  order  directing  pay- 
ment of  any  such  costs  shall  be  enforceable  in  the  same  manner 
as  an  order  to  the  like  effect  made  in  an  action. 

(3)  A  respondent  to  an  appeal,  other  than   the  registration 
officer,  shall  not  be  liable  or  entitled  to  costs,  unless  he  appears 
before  the  court  in  support  of  the  decision  of  the  registration 
officer. 

18.  Order  on  appeal. — When  the  judge  has  given  judgment 
on  an  appeal  the  registrar  shall  as  soon  as  conveniently  may  be 
draw  up.  seal  and  file  an  order  (Form  6)  in  accordance  with  the 

(rf)  See  p.  347,  supra. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  643 

decision,  specifying  exactly  every  alteration  or  correction  to  be 
made  in  the  electors  lists  or  register  pursuant  to  the  order; 
and  sealed  copies  of  the  order  shall  be  sent  to  the  registration 
officer  and  to  each  party  to  the  appeal. 

19.  Where   hearing   to   take  place  at  another   court. — Where 
the  hearing  of  an  appeal  is  fixed  to  take  place  at  another  court, 
the  registrar  of  the  court  to  which  notice  of  appeal  is  sent  shall 
forthwith  send  notice  to  the  registrar  of  such  other  court  that 
the  hearing  has  been  ordered  to  take  place  there;  and  he  shall 
in  sufficient  time  before  the  hearing  transmit  the  papers  to  the 
registrar  of  the  court  at  which  the  hearing  is  to  take  place,  who 
shall  act  at  the  hearing  for  the  first-mentioned  registrar,  and 
shall  after  the  hearing  return  the  papers  to  him  with  a  minute  of 
the  order  made:  and  the  order  shall  be  drawn  up,  filed,  sealed 
and  proceeded  on  in  the  court  to  which  the  notice  of  appeal  was 
originally  sent  in  like  manner  as  if  the  hearing  had  taken  place 
there. 

20.  Consolidation  of  appeals  to  county  court,  or  selection  of 
one  appeal  for  hearing  as  test  case   (Form  7). — (1)  Where  it 
appears  to  the  judge,  from  any  declaration  to  that  effect  for- 
warded by  the  registration  officer  to  the  registrar,  or  otherwise, 
that  any  number  of  cases  decided  by  the  registration  officer  in 
which  notices  of  appeal  have  been  given  to  him  and  forwarded 
by  him  to  the  registrar,  and  requests  for  the  entry  of  the  appeals 
for  hearing  have  been  forwarded  to  the  registrar,  depend  and 
have  been  decided  by  the  registration  officer  on  the  same  point 
or  points  of  law,  the  judge  may  declare  that  such  appeals  ought 
to  be  consolidated,  or  that  one  appeal  should  be  selected  for  hear- 
ing in   the   first   instance   as   a   test  case;    and   thereupon  the 
following  provisions  shall  apply  (e). 

(2)  A  time  and  place  shall  be  fixed  for  the  hearing  of  such 
appeals  in  accordance  with  Eule  9,  but  one  only  of  such  appeals 
shall  be  selected  by  the  judge  for  hearing  in  the  first  instance  as  a 
test  case;  arid  the  registrar  shall  as  soon  as  may  be  send  to  the 
parties  to  the  selected  appeal  and  all  the  other  appeals,  and  to  the 
registration  officer,  a  notice  according  to  the  form  in  the  Appen- 
dix (Form  8),  informing  such  parties  and  the  registration  officer 
that  it  appears   to  the   judge  that   the   cases   specified  in   the 
schedule  appended  to  the  notice  depend  and  have  been  decided 
by  the  registration  officer  on  the  same  point  or  points  of  law, 
and  that  the  judge  has  directed  that  the  selected  appeal  shall 
be  heard  in  the  first  instance  as  a  test  case.     The  provisoes  to 

.Rule  10  shall  apply  to  notices  sent  under  this  Rule. 

(3)  The  notice  shall  further  request  the  parties  to  the  other 
appeals  to  give  notice   (Form   9)   to   the  registrar  and  to  the 
opposite  parties  and  the  registration  officer,  within  three  days 
from  the  date  of  the  notice  sent  by  the  registrar,  either  that  they 
consent   to  be  bound  by   the  decision   on   the   selected   appeal 

(f)  See  First  Schedule,  rule  30,  p.  350,  supra. 

41  (2) 


614  APPENDIX  II. 

(without  prejudice  to  their  right  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of 
Appeal),  or  that  ihe\  require  the  appeals  to  which  they  are 
parties  to  be  heard. 

(4)  Where  the  same  person  is  appellant  or  respondent  in  a 
number  of  such  appeals,  it  shall  be  sufficient  for  him  to  send 
separate  notices    (Form   10)   to   the  respondents   or   appellants 
(other  than  the  registration  officer)   in  such  appeals,  and  one 
notice  only  to  the  registrar  and  to  the  registration  officer,  with 
a  schedule  appended  thereto  of  the  appeals  to  which  the  notice 
relates. 

(5)  In  the  case  of  any  appeal  in  which  no  notice  requiring  such 
appeal  to  be  heard  is  sent,  the  parties  shall  be  deemed  to  consent 
to  be  bound  by  the  decision  on  the  selected  appeal  (without  pre- 
judice to  their  right  to  appeal  to  the  Oourt  of  Appeal) ;  and  in  any 
such  case,  after  the  selected  appeal  has  been  disposed  of,  an  order 
similar  to  that  made  on  the  selected  appeal  shall  be  made  without 
further  hearing,  but  no  costs  shall  be  allowed  to  either  side,  other 
than  the  court  fees  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to  the  notice 
of  appeal  and  the  request  for  the  entry  of  the  appeal  for  hear- 
ing, and  the  notice  sent  by  the  registrar  and  any  notice  sent 
in  reply  thereto,  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to  the  order. 

(6)  The  parties  who  consent  or  under  this  rule  are  to  be  deemed 
to  consent  to  be  bound  by  the  decision  on  the  selected  appeal, 
and  who  are  in  the  same  interest  as  the  unsuccessful  party  to- 
such  appeal,  shall  be  liable  for  the  costs  of  the  selected  appeal 
in  the  same  manner  and  to  the  same  extent  as  the  unsuccessful 
party  to  such  appeal,  and  an  order  directing  them  to  pay  such 
costs  may  be  made  and  enforced  accordingly. 

(7)  In  the  case  of  any  appeal  in  which  notice  requiring  the 
appeal  to  be  heard  is  sent,  such  appeal  shall  be  heard  after  the 
selected  appeal  is  disposed  of;   but  a  party  requiring  any  such 
appeal  to  be  heard  shall  be  liable  to  pay  costs  to  the  opposite 
party,  and  shall  not  be  entitled  to  receive  any  costs  of  or  in 
such  appeal,  other  than  the  court  fees   and  the  costs  of  and 
incidental  to  the  notice  of  appeal  and  the  request  for  the  entry  of 
the  appeal  for  hearing,  and  the  notice  sent  by  the  registrar  and 
any  notice  sent  in  reply  thereto,  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to 
the  order,  unless  the  judge  shall  otherwise  order. 

21.  Service  of  notices  and  documents. — (1)  Any  notice  or  other 
document  required  or  authorised  by  these  Eules  to  be  sent  to 
the  registration  officer  may  be  sent  to  him  by  post  addressed  to 
him  at  his  office.  Any  notice  or  other  document  required  or 
authorised  by  these  Rules  to  be  sent  to  any  other  person  shall 
be  sufficiently  sent  if  sent  by  post  to  the  address  of  such  person 
as  given  by  him  for  the  purpose  or  appearing  on  the  documents 
forwarded  to  the  Oourt,  or,  if  there  is  no  such  address,  to  his 
last  known  place  of  abode.  Provided  that  where  any  such 
person  acts  by  a  solicitor  or  by  a  person  nominated  in  writing 
pursuant  to  Rule  12,  paragraph  1,  sub-paragraph  (d),  any  such 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  64o 

notice  or  document  may  be  sent  by  post  to  such  solicitor  or 
person  at  the  address  for  service  given  by  him. 

(2)  Proof  of  service. — Any  such  notice  or  document  shall,, 
unless  the  contrary  be  proved,  be  deemed  to  have  been  served 
at  the  time  when  the  same  would  have  been  delivered  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  post,  and  in  proving  the  service  thereof  it 
shall  be  sufficient  to  prove  that  the  same  .was  properly  addressed 
and  posted. 

22.  Fees. — An  inclusive  fee  of  10s.   shall  be  payable  under 
Part  I.  of  Schedule  B.  of  the  Treasury  Order  regulating  Fees 
in  the  County  Courts  on  every  appeal  before  the  appeal  is  entered 
for  hearing. 

Such  fee  shall  cover  all  work  done  by  the  registrar 
in  relation  to  the  appeal,  other  than  the  taxation  of  costs  where 
such  costs  are  taxed  under  any  column  of  the  higher  scale  of  costs, 
for  which  a  fee  of  2s.  6d.  shall  be  taken  under  Part  I.  of  the  said 
Schedule  B.,  and  making  copies  of  documents  for  the  use  of 
any  party  to  the  appeal,  for  which  4d.  per  folio  shall  be  allowed. 

Where  the  hearing  of  an  appeal  is  to  take  place  at  another 
court,  the  registrar  of  the  court  to  which  the  notice  of  appeal  is 
sent  shall  account  to  the  treasurer  of  his  court  for  one-fourth  part 
of  the  said  fee  of  10s.  as  a  foreign  fee,  and  the  treasurer  of  the 
court  at  which  the  hearing  is  to  take  place  shall  allow  such  one- 
fourth  part  to  the  registrar  of  that  court. 

23.  Notice  of  appeal  from  county  court  to  Court  of  Appeal. — 
A  person  desiring  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  against  the 
decision  of  the  county  court  on  any   appeal   shall   give  notice 
of  his  intention  to  appeal  to  the  registrar  and  to  the  registration 
officer  and  to  the  opposite  party,  if  any,  according  to  the  form 
in  the  Appendix   (Form  11),   when   the   decision   is   given,  or 
within  five  days  thereafter,  specifying  the  grounds  of  appeal. 

24.  Consolidation  of  o/f^peals  from  county  court  to  Court  of 
Appeal. — (1)  Where  it  appears  to  the  judge  that  the  validity  of 
any  number  of  decisions  given  by  the  county  court  on  appeals 
from  the  decisions  of  the  registration  officer  depends  upon  the 
same  point  or  points  of  law,  and  the  parties  to  such  appeals  or  (any 
of  them  have  given  notice  to  the  registrar  of  their  intention 
to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal,  the  judge  may,  whether  the 
appeals  to  the  county  court  have  or  have  not  been  consolidated, 
declare  that  the  appeals  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  ought  to  be 
consolidated;  and  thereupon  the  following  provisions  shall  apply. 

(2)  In  any  such  case  the  judge,  after  making  and  furnishing 
a  copy  of  a  note  in  one  of  such  appeals  as  provided  by  Rule  16, 
shall  make  and  sign  a  statement  according  to  the  form  in  the 
Appendix  (Form  12)  that  the  several  persons  whose  names  and 
qualifications  are  set  out  in  a  schedule  to  be  appended  to  the 
statement  were  parties  as  appellants  or  respondents  to  appeals 
from  decisions  of  the  registration  officer  given  in  circumstances 
similar  to  those  in  the  case  in  which  the  note  is  made,  and  that 
similar  decisions  were  given  on  all  the  said  appeals  (the  numbers 


646  APPENDIX  II. 

of  the  several  appeals  to  which  the  said  persons  respectively  were 
parties  being  set  opposite  to  their  respective  names  in  the 
schedule),  and  that  due  notice  of  appeals  from  such  decisions  was 
given,  and  that  he  declared  that  the  appeals  in  all  the  said  cases 
ought  to  be  consolidated. 

(3)  And  he  may  name  any  person  interested  and  consenting  to 
be  appellant  or  respondent  in  the  consolidated  appeal  on  behalf 
of  himself  and  all  other  persons  interested  in  like  manner  in 
the  appeals  who  consent  to  be  parties  to  and  to  be  bound  by 
the  consolidated  appeal,  and  such  person  shall  sign  a  declaration 
that  he  appeals  (Form  12)  on  behalf  of  himself  and  all  the  other 
persons  interested  as  appellants  whose  names  are  written  under 
the  declaration,  and  agrees  to  prosecute  the  appeal,  or  that  he 
agrees  on  behalf  of  himself  and  all  the  other  persons  interested 
as  respondents  whose  names  are  written  under  the  declaration  to 
appear  and  answer  the  appeal;  and  the  names  and  qualifications 
of  every  party  intended  to  be  joined  shall  be  written  under  the 
declaration;  and  the  declaration  so  signed  shall  be  delivered  to 
the  registrar,  and  a  copy  thereof  shall  be  appended  to  the  state- 
ment made  by  the  judge;  and  every  party  whose  name  is  so 
written  shall  be  deemed  to  consent  to  be  a  party  to  and  to  be 
bound  by  the  consolidated  appeal. 

25.  Where    deputy     or     temporary    registration     officer    ap- 
pointed. —  Where  any  deputy  registration  officer  approved  under 
sub-section  three,  or  any  person  temporarily  appointed  under  sub- 
section four  of  section  twelve  (/)  of  the  Act  performs  the  duties 
and  exercises  the  powers  of  the  registration  officer  in  relation 
to  the  formation  of  the  register,  and  notice  of  appeal  against 
any  decision  of  such  deputy  or  other  person  is  given,  the  pro- 
visions of  these  Eules  as  to  the  registration  officer  shall  as  regards 
such  appeal  apply  to  such  deputy  or  other  person  as  they  apply 
to  the  registration  officer  as  regards  cases  dealt  with  by  him, 
and  references  in  these  Eules  to  the  registration  officer  shall  as 
regards  such  appeal  be  construed  as  referring  to  such  deputy 
or  other  person  accordingly. 

26.  Where   assistant   judge   appointed.  —  Where    an     assistant 
judge  appointed  pursuant  to  sub-section  six  of  section  fourteen 
of  the  Act  is  performing  any  of  the  duties  of  the  judge  under 
the  Act,  references  in  these  Eules  to  the  court  or  judge  shall  be 
construed  as   referring  to  such   assistant  judge  (g). 

27.  Forms.  —  (1)  The  forms  in  the  Appendix  to  these  Kules, 
with  such  modifications  as  may  be  necessary,  shall  be  used  for 
notices  and  orders  under  these  Eules. 


(2)  The  registrar  of  any  court  may  apply  to  the  Treasury  for 
any  of  the  said  forms  to  be  printed  and  supplied  to  him,  and  if 
the  application  is  granted  may  obtain  such  forms  and  supply 
such  of  the  same  as  are  to  be  used  by  parties  to  appeals,  without 
charge,  for  the  use  of  parties  requiring  the  same. 


)  See  pp.  130,  131,  supra. 
See  sect.  14  (6),  pp.  136,  137,  supra. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES.  647 

28.  Non-compliance  with  rules- or  forms. — (1)  Non-compliance 
with  any  of  these  Rules  or  any  departure  from  the  forms  in  the 
Appendix  shall  not  render  any  proceedings  void  unless  the  judge 
shall  so  direct,  but  such  proceedings  may  be  set  aside  either 
wholly  or  in  part  as  irregular,  or  may  be  amended  or  otherwise 
dealt  with  in  such  manner  and  upon  such  terms  as  the  judge  mav 
think  fit. 

* 

29.  Reckoning  of  time. — In  reckoning  time  for  the  purposes 
of  these  Kules  Sunday,  Christmas  Day,  Good  Friday,  and  any 
bank  holiday  or  day  set  apart  as  a  public  holiday  or  day  of 
public  fast,  humiliation  or  thanksgiving,  or  any  day  on  which 
the  offices  of  the  court  are  closed,  shall  be  excluded,  and  where 
the  time  for  doing  any  act  or  taking  any  proceeding  under  these! 
Rules  expires  on  any  such  day,  such  act  or  proceeding  shall, 
so  far  as  regards  the  time  of  doing  or  taking  the  same,  be  held 
to  be  duly  done  or  taken  if  done  or  taken  on  the  next  day 
not  being  one  of  any  such  days. 

30.  Short  title. — These  Rules  may  be  cited  as  the  County  Court 
(Registration  Appeals)   Rules,  1918. 


648  APPENDIX  II. 

APPENDIX  OF  FORMS. 
No.  1. 

Declaration  by  Registration  Officer  that  it  appears  to  him  that 
a  number  of  Notices  of  Appeal  are  based  on  similar 
grounds. 

The  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918. 
I  hereby  declare  that  it  appears  to  me  that  the  notices  of  appeal 
given  to  me  in  the  cases  mentioned  in  the  Schedule  hereto 
are  based  on  similar  grounds,  and  I  forward  to  the  Court  this 
declaration  accordingly,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  Court 
(if  the  Court  thinks  fit)  to  consolidate  the  appeals,  or  to  select 
one  of  such  cases  for  hearing  in  the  first  instance  as  a  test  case. 

The  day  of  ,  19     . 

Registration    Officer. 
To  the  Registrar  of  the  County  Court 
of  held  at 

Schedule. 


No. 

Appellant.                                    Respondents. 

1 

A.B.,                                      C.D., 
of  (address).                             of  (address},  and 
Officer  for 

And  $0  on. 

the  Registration 

Registration   Officer. 

No.  2. 

Request  by  Appellant  for  Entry  of  Appeal. 
In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and     ' 

In  the  Matter  of  an  Appeal  against  the  decision  of  the  Regis- 
tration Officer  for 

Between 
A.B. 

of  (address)  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

of  (address) 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents. 

SIR, 


I  HEREWITH  forward  to  you  copy  of  the  notice  of  appeal 

r  given  tc 
and  to  the  Registration  Officer. 


in  the  above-mentioned  matter  given  to  the  above-named 


ippeai 
C.D. 


>UNTY  COURT  RULES  (FORMS). 


649 


I  request  the  Court  to  enter  the  appeal  for  hearing,  and  to  fix 
a,  time  and  place  for  the  hearing  thereof. 

I  enclose  the  sum  of  10s.  for  the  fee  payable  on  the  entry  of 
ihe  appeal  for  hearing. 

Bated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

A.  B.  ,  Appellant. 

(add  address') 

to  which  address  all  notices  or  other  documents  are  to  be  sent. 
To  the  Registrar  of  the  County  Court 
of  held  .at 


No.  3. 

Notice  of  Time  and  Place  for  Hearing  of  Appeal. 
In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

No.  of  Appeal, 
and 

In  the  Matter  of  an  Appeal  against  the  decision  of  the  Regis- 
tration Officer  for 


A.B. 

of  (address} 

€.D. 

of  (address) 


Between 


and 


and 


The  Registration  Officer  for 


Appellant 


Respondents. 


TAKE  NOTICE,  that  the  above-mentioned  appeal  will  be  heard 
at  a  Court  to  be  held  at  on  the  day  of 

,19     ,  at  the  hour  of  in  the  noon; 

And  that  if  you  do  not  attend  either  in  person  or  by  your 
solicitor  at  the  time  and  place  above-mentioned  such  proceedings 
will  be  taken  and  order  made  as  the  Judge  may  think  just. 


Dated  this 


day  of 


19 


Registrar. 


To  (the  Appellant  and  the  Respondent 
(if  any)  named  in  the  notice  of  appeal) 
and  to  the  Registration  Officer  for 


650 


APPENDIX  II. 


No.  4. 

Notice  of  Time  and  Place  for  Hearing  to  Appellant  or  Respon- 
dent in  a  number  of  Appeals  fixed  to  be  heard  on  the  same 
day. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  Appeals  against  the  decisions  of 
the  Registration  Officer  for  enumerated  in  the 

Schedule  hereto. 

TAKE  NOTICE,    that  the   several    appeals   enumerated   in   the 
Schedule  hereto  in  which  you  are  the  Appellant  [or  the  Respon- 
dent] will  be  heard  at  a  Court  to  be  held  at  on 
the              day  of             ,  19    j  at  the  hour  of              in  the 
noon; 

And  that  if  you  do  not  attend  either  in  person  or  by  your 
solicitor  at  the  time  and  place  above-mentioned  such  proceedings 
will  be  taken  and  orders  made  on  the  said  appeals  as  the  Judge 
may  think  just. 

Bated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

Registrar. 

To  (the  Appellant  or  the  Respondent, 
naming  him'}. 


No. 


Schedule  of  Appeals. 


Appellants. 


Respondents. 


Where  same 


A.B., 

(address). 

The  same. 


And 
Or,  where  tame 


G.H., 

(address). 

K.L., 

(aitdrest) . 
M.N., 

(address) . 


Appellant. 

C.D., 

(address),    and    the    Registration 

Officer. 
E.F., 

(address,,    and    the    Registration 

Officer. 
so  on. 

Respondent. 

I.J., 

(address],    and    the    Registration 
Officer. 
The  same. 

The  same. 


And 


Registrar. 


COUNTY  COURT  KULES  (FORMS).  651* 

No.  5. 

Notice  to  Registration  Officer  of  Time  and  Place  for  Hearing 
of  a  Number  of  Appeals  fixed  to  be  Heard  on  the  same 
Day. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  Appeals,  against  the  decisions  of 
the  Registration  Officer  for  enumerated  in  the 

Schedule  hereto. 

TAKE  NOTICE,    that   the   several    appeals   enumerated    in   the 
Schedule  hereto  will  be  heard  at  a  Court  to  be  held  at 
on  the  day  of  ,  19     ,  at  the  hour  of 

in  the  noon; 

And  that  if  you  do  not  attend  either  in  person  or  by  your 
solicitor  at  the  time  and  place  above-mentioned  such  proceedings 
will  be  taken  and  orders  made  on  the  said  appeals  as  the  Judge 
may  think  just. 

Dated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

Registrar. 
To  the  Registration  Officer  for 

Schedule  of  Appeals. 


No. 

Appellant. 

Respondent. 

1 
2 

(Name  and  address}. 
(Name  and  address]  . 
And 

(Name  and  address],  and  the  Regis- 
tration Officer. 
(Name  and  address),  and  the  Regis- 
tration Officer. 
so  on. 

Registrar. 
No.  6. 

Order  on  Appeal. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

No.  of  Appeal, 
and 

In  the  Matter  of  an  Appeal  against  the  decision  of  the  Regis- 
tration Officer  for 

Between 
A.B. 

of  (address)  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

of  (taddress] 

and 
The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents. 

Upon  hearing  for  the  Appellant  and 

for  the  Respondent  0.  D.  and  for  the  Registration 

Officer 


APPENDIX  II. 

It   is   ordered  that  the   decision  of   the   Registration   Officer 
refusing  to  enter  the  name  of  the  above-named  A.  B. 
on  the  Register  of  Parliamentary  Electors  for  the  Registration 
Area  of  in  the  Polling  District  of  in  the  Con- 

stituency of 
[or  (state  the  decision  appealed  against} 

be  reversed  [or  varied]  and  that  (state  the  order  made,  and 
the  exact  alteration  or  correction  to  be  made  in  the  electors 
list  or  register  pursuant  to  the  order} 

? 

And  it  is  ordered  that  the  Appellant  be  allowed  against  the 
Respondent  0.  D.  ,  and  against  the  Registration  Officer 

£or  against  the  Registration  Officer]  his  costs  of  and  incidental 
to  this  appeal,  which  are  hereby  allowed  at  the  sum  of  £ 
[or  to  be  taxed  by  the  Registrar  under  Column  A.  of  the  higher 
scale  of  costs  in  use  in  the  county  courts]; 

And  it  is  ordered  that  the  Respondents  or  one  of  them  [or 
the  Registration   Officer]   do  pay  the  said   sum   of  £  to 

the  Registrar   for  the  use  of  the  Appellant  on  or  before   the 
day  of  ,  19     ,  [or  do  pay  the  amount  of  the  said 

costs  when  taxed  to  the  Registrar  for  the  use  of  the  Appellant 
within  fourteen  days  from  the  date  of  the  Registrar's  certificate 
of  the  result  of  the  taxation]. 

[or  It  is  ordered  that  the  decision  of  the  Registration  Officer 
(state  the  decision} 

be  affirmed; 

And  it  is  ordered  that  the  Respondents  0.  D.  and  the 

Registration  Officer  [or  the  Registration  Officer]  be  allowed 
against  the  Appellant  their  [or  his]  costs  of  and  incidental  to 
this  appeal,  which  are  hereby  allowed  in  the  case  of  the  Respon- 
dent 0.  D.  at  the  sum  of  £  and  in  the  case  of  the 
Registration  Officer  at  the  sum  of  £  [or  which  are  hereby 
allowed  .at  the  sum  of  £  ]  [or  to  be  taxed  by  the  Registrar 
under  Column  A.  of  the  higher  scale  of  costs  in  use  in  the 
county  courts]; 

And  it  is  ordered  that  the  Appellant  do  pay  the  said  sums  of 
£  and  £  to  the  Registrar  for  the  use  of  the  Respon- 

dents respectively  [or  do  pay  the  said   sum  of  to  the 

Registrar  for  the  use  of  the  Registration  Officer]  on  or  before 
the  day  of  ,19  [or  do  pay  the  amount  [or 

amounts]  of  the  said  costs  when  taxed  to  the  Registrar  for  the 
use  of  the  Respondents  respectively  [or  for  the  use  of  the  Regis- 
tration Officer]  within  fourteen  days  from  the  date  of  the 
Registrar's  certificate  of  the  result  of  the  taxation]. 

Dated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

By  the  Court, 

Registrar. 
To    (the    Appellant    and    the    Respondent, 

naming  them}   and  to  the   Registration 

Officer  for 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (FORMS). 

No.   7. 

Declaration  by  Judge  that  Appeals  depending  on  the  same  Point 
or  Points  of  Law  ought  to  be  Consolidated. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  Appeals  against  the  decisions  of 
the    Registration    Officer    for  enumerated    in    the 

Schedule  hereto. 

It  appearing  to  me  that  the  several  cases  enumerated  in  the 
Schedule  hereto  depend  and  have  been  decided  by  the  Regis- 
tration Officer  on  the  same  point  or  points  of  law, 
I  declare  that  such  appeals  ought  to  be  consolidated. 
And  I  select  the  Appeal  No. 

Between 
A.  B. 

of  (address]  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

of  (address} 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

for  hearing  in  the  first  instance  as  a  test  case. 
Bated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

Judge 
[or  Assistant  Judge] . 

Schedule  of  Appeals. 
No.  Appellant.  Respondents. 


|  (Name  and  address] .  (Name-  <nid  nddress\ ,  and  the  Regis- 

tration Officer. 
And\  so  on. 


Judge 
[or  Assistant  Judge]. 

No.  8. 

Notice  of  Consolidation  of  Appeals  and  Selection  of  One  Appeal 
for  Hearing  in  the  First  Instance  as  a  Test  Case. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  Appeals  against  the  decisions  of 
the   Registration    Officer    for  enumerated    in    the 

Schedule  hereto. 

TAKE  NOTICE,  that  it  appears  to  the  Judge  that  the  several 
cases  enumerated  in  the  Schedule  hereto  depend  and  have  been 


APPENDIX  II. 

decided  by  the  Registration  Officer  on  the  same  point  or  points 
of  law,  and  the  Judge  has  declared  that  the  appeals  ought  to  be 
consolidated,  and  has  selected  the  Appeal  No.  therein 

Between 
A.B. 

of  (address")  Appellant 

and 
0.  D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

for  hearing  in  the  first  instance  as  a  test  case. 

The  said  appeal  will  be  heard  at   a   Court  to  be  holden  at 

on  day  of  ,  19     ,  at  the  hour  of  in 

the  noon,  and  all  the  other  appeals  enumerated  in  the 

Schedule  hereto  have  been  set  down  for  hearing  at  the  same  time 

and  place. 

I  have  therefore  to  request  you  to  give  notice  in  writing  to 
me,  and  to  the  opposite  party  [or  parties],  if  any,  to  the  appeal 
[or  appeals]  to  which  you  are  a  party,  and  to  the  Registration 
Officer,  within  three  clear  days  from  the  date  of  this  notice, 
either  that  you  consent  to  be  bound  by  the  decision  on  the 
selected  appeal  (without  prejudice  to  your  right  to  appeal  to 
the  Court  of  Appeal),  or  that  you  require  the  appeal  [or  appeals] 
[or  any  and,  if  so,  which  of  the  appeals]  to  which  you  are  a 
party  to  be  heard. 

If  you  are  Appellant  or  Respondent  in  a  number  of  the  said 
appeals,  it  will  be  sufficient  for  you  to  send  separate  notices  to 
the  Respondents  or  Appellants  other  than  the  Registration  Officer 
in  such  appeals,  and  to  send  one  notice  only  to  me  and  to  the 
Registration  Officer,  with  a  list  appended  thereto  of  the  appeals 
to  which  the  notice  relates. 

In  the  case  of  any  appeal  in  which  no  notice  requiring  such 
appeal  to  be  heard  is  so  sent  you  will  be  deemed  to  consent  to 
be  bound  by  the  decision  on  the  selected  appeal  (without  preju- 
dice to  your  right  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal) ;  and  in  any 
such  case,  after  the  selected  appeal  has  been  disposed  of,  an 
order  similar  to  that  made  on  the  selected  appeal  will  be  made 
without  further  hearing  on  the  appeal  [or  appeals]  in  which 
no  notice  is  so  sent:  but  no  costs  will  be  allowed  to  either  side, 
other  than  the  Court  fees  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to  the 
notice  [or  notices]  of  appeal  and  the  request  for  the  entry  of 
such  appeal  [or  appeals]  for  hearing,  and  this  notice  and  any 
notice  sent  in  reply  thereto,  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to 
the  order  [or  orders]  made. 

The  parties  who  consent  or  are  to  be  deemed  to  consent  to  be 
bound  by  the  decision  on  the  selected  appeal,  and  who  are  in  the 
same  interest  as  the  unsuccessful  party  to  such  appeal,  will  be 
liable  for  the  costs  of  such  appeal  in  the  same  manner  and  to 
the  same  extent  as  the  unsuccessful  parties  to  such  appeal, 
and  an  order  directing  them  to  pay  such  costs  may  be  made  and 
•enforced  accordingly. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (FORMS). 

If  you  send  notice  requiring  any  appeal  to  which  you  are  a 
party  to  be  heard,  such  appeal  will  be  heard  after  the  selected 
appeal  is  disposed  of;  but  you  will  be  liable  to  pay  costs  to  the 
opposite  party,  and  will  not  be  entitled  to  receive  any  costs  of 
or  in  such  appeal,  other  than  the  Court  fees  and  the  costs  of  and 
incidental  to  the  notice  of  appeal  and  the  request  for  the  entry 
of  the  appeal  for  hearing,  and  this  notice  and  any  notice  sent  in 
reply  thereto,  and  the  costs  of  and  incidental  to  the  order,  unless 
the  Judge  shall  otherwise  order. 

Bated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

Registrar. 

To  the  parties  to  the  several  appeals 
mentioned  in  the  Schedule  hereto,  and 
to  the  Registration  Officer  for 

Schedule  of  Appeals. 


No. 

Appellant. 

Respondents. 

1 
2 

(Name  and  address). 
(Name  and  address}. 
And 

(Name  and  address),  and  the  Regis- 
tration Officer. 
(Name  and  address),  and  the  Regis- 
tration Officer). 
so  on. 

Registrar. 


No.  9. 


Notice  consenting  to  be  bound  by  Decision  on  Selected  Appeal, 
or  requiring  Appeal  to   be  heard. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In    the    Matter    of    an    Appeal    against    the    decision    of  the 
Registration  Officer  for 

No.  of  appeal. 
Between 
E.F. 

(address]  Appellant 

and 
O.K. 

(address] 

and 
The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents. 

Pursuant  to  the  Notice  sent  to  me  by  the  Registrar,  dated 
the  day  of  ,  19     ,  I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I 


APPENDIX  II. 

consent  to   be   bound   in    the    above-mentioned    appeal   by   the 
decision  of  the  Court  on  the  selected  appeal 

Between 
A.  B.  Appellant 

and 
O.D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents,, 

without  prejudice  to  my  right  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal, 
[or  I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  require  the  above-men- 
tioned appeal  to  which  I  am  a  party  to  be  heard  after  the  selected 
appeal 

Between 
A.  B.  Appellant 

and 
O.D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents,, 

has  been  disposed  of.] 

Bated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

E.  P.  Appellant 

[or  Gr.  H.  Respondent.] 

(add  address) 
To  the  Registrar  of  the  Court 

and  to  (the  Respondent  or  the  Appellant) 
and  to  the  Registration  Officer  for 

No.  10. 

Notice  to  Registrar  and  Registration  Officer  consenting  to  be 
bound  by  Decision  on  Selected  Appeal,  or  requiring  Appeals 
to  be  heard,  where  the  same  Person  is  Appellant  or  Respon- 
dent in  a  number  of  Appeals. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  Appeals  against  the  decisions  of 
the  Registration  Officer  for  enumerated  in  the 

Schedule  hereto. 

Pursuant  to  the  Notice  sent  to  me  by  the  Registrar,  dated  the 
day  of  ,  19    ,  I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  con- 

sent to  be  bound  in  the  several  appeals  enumerated  in  the 
Schedule  hereto  to  which  I  am  a  party  by  the  decision  of  the 
Court  on  the  selected  appeal 

Between 
A.  B.  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

without  prejudice  to  my  right  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  AppeaL 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (FORMS). 


657 


[or  I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  require  the  several  appeals 
enumerated  in  the  Schedule  hereto  to  which  I  am  a  party  to  be 
heard  after  the  selected  appeal 

Between 
A.  B.  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

has  been  disposed  of.] 

[or  I  hereby  give  you  notice  that  I  consent  to  be  bound  in 
the  several  appeals  enumerated  in  the  first  part  of  the  Schedule 
hereto  to  which  I  am  a  party  by  the  decision  of  the  Court  on 
the  selected  appeal 

Between 
A.  B.  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

and 

The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

without  prejudice  to  my  right  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal: 
But  that  I  require  the  several  appeals  enumerated  in  the  second 
part  of  the  Schedule  hereto  to  which  I  am  a  party  to  be  heard 
after  the  selected  appeal  has  been  disposed  of.] 


Bated  this 


day  of 


,  19     . 

E.  P.  Appellant 

[or  G.  H.  Respondent.] 

(add  address] 
To  the  Registrar  of  the  Court 

and  to  the  Registration  Officer  for 


Schedule. 
PART  I. 

Ap-peals  in  which  the  Appellant  or  Respondent  consents  to  be 

bound. 


No. 

Appellant. 

Respondents. 

F. 


APPENDIX  II. 


PAET  II. 

Appeals   which    the    Appellant    or    Respondent    requires    to    be 

heard. 


No. 

Appellant. 

Respondents. 

E.  F. 

[or  G.  H. 

or  R.  S. 


No.  11. 

Notice    of   Intention   to   Appeal   to    Court   of   Appeal. 
In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 


No.  of  appeal, 
decision    of  the 


and 

In    the    Matter    of    an    Appeal    against    the 
Registration  Officer  for 

Between 
A.B. 

of  (address]  Appellant 

and 
C.D. 

of  (address} 

and 
The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents. 

TAKE  NOTICE,  that  I  intend  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal 
from  the  decision  of  the  Judge  on  the  hearing  of  the  above- 
mentioned  appeal  on  the  day  of  ,  19     ,  whereby 
(state  the  decision  appealed  against} 
The  grounds  of  my  appeal  are  (state  grounds} 
Dated  this                day  of              ,  19     . 

A.  B.  Appellant. 

or  0.  D.  Respondent. 

(add  address} 

To  (the  opposite  party,  if  any}  and  to 
the  Registration  Officer  for 
and  to  the  Registrar  of  the  Court. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (FORMS). 


No.  12. 

Statement  by  Judge  that  Appeals  to  the  Court  of  Appeal 
against  Decisions  depending  upon  the  same  Point  or  Points 
of  Law  ought  to  be  Consolidated. 

In  the  County  Court  of  held  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 

No.  of  appeal, 
and 

In  the  Matter  of  an  Appeal  against  the  decision  of  the 
Registration  Officer  for 

Between* 

A.  B.  Appellant 

of  (address} 

and 
O.D. 

of  (address) 

and 
The  Registration  Officer  for  ,  Respondents, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  the  several  other  Appeals  against  the  decision 
of  the  said  Registration  Officer  referred  to  by  number  in 
the  Schedule  hereto. 

At  a  Court  held  before  me  at  on  the  day 

of  ,  19     ,  A.  B.  of  appealed  against  the  de- 

cision of  the  Registration  Officer  for  (state  the  decision  appealed 
against) 

On  the  hearing  of  the  said  appeal  I  decided  (state  the 
decision) 

The  questions  of  law  raised  on  the  appeal,  and  the  facts  in 
evidence  in  relation  thereto,  and  my  decision  thereon  and  my 
decision  on  the  hearing  of  the  appeal,  are  stated  in  a  note  made 
and  signed  by  me. 

The  several  persons  whose  names  and  qualifications  are  set 
out  in  the  Schedule  hereto  were  parties  as  Appellants  [or  Re- 
spondents] to  appeals  (numbered  in  the  Schedule  hereto)  from 
decisions  of  the  Registration  Officer  given  in  circumstances 
similar  to  those  in  the  case  in  which  the  said  note  was  made, 
and  similar  decisions  were  given  by  me  on  all  the  said  appeals. 

Due  notice  of  appeal  against  my  decisions  was  given,  and  I 
declared  that  the  appeals  in  all  the  said  cases  ought  to  be  con- 
solidated!. 

And  I  name  A.  B.  of  to  be  Appellant  [or  0.  D. 

of  to  be  Respondent]  in  the  consolidated  appeal 

on  behalf  of  himself  and  all  other  persons  interested  in  like 

manner  who  consent  to  be  parties  to  and  to  be  bound  by  the 

consolidated   appeal. 

Dated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

Judge 
[or  Assistant  Judge]. 

42  (2) 


660 


APPENDIX  II. 


Declaration  to  be  Signed  by  Person  named  as  Appellant. 

I,  A.  B.  of  ,  hereby  declare  that  I  appeal  against 

the  decisions  of  the  County  Court  in  the  above  mentioned  cases 
on  behalf  of  myself  and  all  other  persons  interested  as  Appel- 
lants whose  names  and  qualifications  are  hereunder  written  in 
the  Schedule  hereto,  and  I  agree  to  prosecute  the  consolidated 
appeal. 

Dated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

A.  B.  Appellant. 

(add  address) 


Declaration  to  be  Signed  by  Person  named  as  Respondent. 

I,  0.  D.  of  ,  on  behalf  of  myself  and  all  the  other 

persons  interested  as  Eespondents  in  the  appeals  in  the  above 
mentioned  cases  whose  names  and  qualifications  are  hereunder 
written  in  the  Schedule  hereto,  do  agree  to  appear  and  answer 
the  consolidated  appeal. 

Dated  this  day  of  ,  19     . 

0.  D.  Kespondent. 

(add  address) 


SCHEDULE. 

List  of  Appeals. 

BART  I. 

Names  and  Qualifications  of  Persons  interested  as  Appellants, 
who  consent  to  be  parties  to  and  to  be  bound  by  the  Con- 
solidated Appeal. 


No.  of  Appeal. 


Name  and  Qualification. 


A.B. 


COUNTY  COURT  .RULES  (FORMS). 


601 


PABT  II. 

Names  and  Qualifications  of  Persons  interested  as  Respondents., 
who  consent  to  be  parties  to  and  to  be  bound  by  the  Con- 
solidated Appeal. 


No.  of  Appeal. 


Name  and  Qualification. 


O.D. 


No.  13: 

Register  of  Appeals. 

Register    of    Appeals    from    Registration    Officers    under    the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  Section  14. 


3* 
ll 


38 


Appearance. 


Appellant. 


Respon- 
dents. 


APPENDIX  II. 


No.  3. 

THE    COUNTY    COUKT    KULES,   1918  (No.  2), 
DATED  18TH  JUNE,  1918. 


OEDEE  I. 
COURT  AND  OFFICES. 

The  following  Eule  shall  stand  as  Order  I.,  Eule  2a,  of  the 
County  Court  Eules,  1903,  viz.: — 

1.  Fixing  of  courts,  &c.,  to  fit  in  with  hearing  of  registration 
appeals. — To  enable  the  judges  to  make  arrangements  for  the 
hearing  of  appeals  from  registration  officers  under  section  14  of 
the  Eepresentation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  the  following  pro- 
visions shall  have  effect  until  the  expiration  of  the  time  required 
for  hearing  appeals  relating  to  the  spring  register  in  the  year 
nineteen  hundred  and  nineteen,  viz.: — 

(1)  Notice  of  any  day  or  hour  appointed  for  the  holding  of 

any  court  for  the  transaction  of  the  ordinary  business 
of  the  court  may  be  affixed  under  Eule  1  of  this  Order 
at  any  time  not  less  than  six  weeks  before  the  day  or 
hour  so  appointed: 

(2)  Two  courts  for  the  transaction  of  such  business  may  be 

held  on  one  day  before  the  same  judge,  or  before  any 
assistant  judge  appointed  under  section  14  of  the  said 
Act,  without  the  consent  of  the  Lord  Chancellor. 


OEDEE  VII. 

PLAINT  NOTE  AND  SUMMONS. 
Summons  on  Plaint. 

2.  The  following  paragraph  shall  stand  as  paragraph  2  of 
Order  VII.,  Eule  1,  viz.:— 

(2)  The  words  "  [or,  if  the  claim  exceeds  £50,  ten  clear  days]  " 
shall  be  omitted  from  paragraph  5  of  the  indorsement  on 
Form  23. 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (NO.  2\         663 


OEDEE  XXIlA. 
THE  COUNTY  COURTS  ACT,  1903. 

[3  Edw.  7,  c.  42.] 
General  Provisions  as  to  Procedure. 

3.  The  words  "  Eules  2  to  19  "  shall  be  substituted  for  the 
words  "  Eules  2  to  20  "  in  Order  XXIlA.,  Eule  1. 

OEDEE  XXV. 
ENFORCEMENT  OF  JUDGMENTS  AND  ORDERS. 

The   following  Eule  shall   stand  as   Order   XXV.,    Eule   20a, 
viz. : — 

4.  Receipt  for  money  paid  to  bailiff  under  process,  and  copy 
(Form  166). — Whenever  any  money  is  levied  or  paid  to  a  bailiff 
under  any  execution  or  other  process,  the  bailiff  shall  give  a 
receipt  for  the  same,  and  retain  a  carbon  copy  of  such  receipt, 
according  to  the  form  in  the  Appendix,  which  is  hereby  sub- 
stituted for  Form  166. 


OEDEE  XLIIL 
TAXATION  OF  CHARGES  OF  EETURNING  OFFICERS. 

The  following  Eules  shall  stand  as  Order  XLIIL,  Eules  9  to 
19,  viz.:— 

THE  EEPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 

Taxation   of   Accounts  and  Examination   of   Claims    under    the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,   1918,  Section  29. 

5.  Taxation  of  accounts  or  examination  of  claims  under  7  &  8 
Geo.  5,  c.  64,  s.  29. — The  foregoing  Eules  of  this  Order  shall  not 
apply  to  the  taxation  of  accounts  of  returning  officers  or  the 
examination  of  claims  against  returning  officers  under  section  29 
of  the  Eepresentation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  but  such  taxa- 
tion or  examination  shall  be  regulated  by  the  following  Eules. 

6.  Application  for  taxation. — An  application  by  the  Treasury 
to  the  court  for  the  taxation  of  the  accounts  of  a  returning  officer 
under  the  said  section  shall  be  made  in  writing  addressed  to 
the  registrar  at  his  office. 

7.  Notice  of  time  and  place  for  taxation.— On  receipt  of  the 
application  the  court  shall  fix  a  place  and  time  for  proceeding 
with  such  taxation,  and  the  registrar  shall  issue  to  the  bailiff  for 


664  APPENDIX  II. 

service  on  the  Treasury  and  the  returning  officer  notices,  signed 
by  the  registrar  and  under  the  seal  of  the  court,  stating  the  place, 
day  and  hour  at  and  on  which  the  taxation  will  be  proceeded 
with,  and  requiring  the  parties  to  attend  and  produce  documents 
and  be  examined,  and  warning  them  that  if  they  do  not  attend  in 
person  or  by  their  solicitors  such  proceedings  will  be  taken  and 
certificate  given  as  to  the  court  shall  seem  just. 

8.  Application   for    examination    of    claim    against    returning 
officer. — Where  application  is  made  for  the  taxation  of  a  return- 
ing officer's   account,  and   such  officer   applies   to   the  court   to 
examine  any  claim  made  by  any  person  against  him  in  respect  of 
matters  charged  in  the  account,  such  application  shall  be  made  in 
writing  addressed  to  the  registrar  at  his  office,  and  shall  contain 
a  submission  on  the  part  of  the  applicant  to  pay  what  shall  be 
found  due  on  examination. 

9.  Notice  of  time  and  place  for  examination. — On  receipt  of 
any  such  application  the  court  shall   fix  a  place  and  time  for 
such  examination,  which  shall  take  place  before  the  taxation  of 
the  returning  officer's  account  is  concluded,  and  such  taxation 
shall  if  necessary  be  adjourned  until  such  examination  has  been 
completed.     The  registrar  shall  issue  to  the  bailiff  for  service 
on  the  returning  officer  and  the  person  making  the  claim  notices, 
signed  by  the  registrar  and  under  the  seal  of  the  court,  stating 
the  place,  day  and  hour  at  and  on  which  such  examination  will 
be  proceeded  with,  and  requiring  the  parties  to  attend  and  pro- 
duce documents  and  be  examined,  and  warning  them  that  if  they 
do  not  attend  in  person  or  by  their  solicitors  such  proceedings 
will  be  taken  and  order  made  as  to  the  court  shall  seem  just. 

10.  Service  of  notices. — (1)  The  bailiff  shall  serve   all   such 
notices  as  hereinbefore  mentioned  ten  clear  days  at  least  before 
the  day  fixed  for  any  taxation  or  examination  unless  the  court 
gives  leave  for  shorter  service. 

(2)  Service  may  be  effected  in  accordance  with  Order  LIV., 
Rules  2  and  3. 

(3)  Where  any  notice  is  to  be  served  on  the  Treasury,  it  may 
be  served  on  the  Permanent  Secretary  or  the  Solicitor  to  the 
Treasury. 

11.  Evidence   to   be   oral. — Unless   by   consent,    or    otherwise 
ordered,  oral  evidence  only  shall  be  admitted  on  any  taxation  or 
examination. 

12.  Certificate  on  taxation. — (1)  On  the  hearing  of  an  applica- 
tion for  taxation,  or  at  any  adjournment  thereof,  the  court  shall 
determine  the  amount  payable  to  the  returning  officer,  and  shall 
specify  the  amount  in  a  certificate,   which  shall  be  signed  in 
duplicate  and  sent  by  post  k>  the  parties:  but  no  order  directing 
payment  shall  be  inserted  in  the  certificate  except  in  the  case 
mentioned  in  paragraph  3  of  this  Rule. 

(2)  Fees  and  costs. — The  court  may  determine  by  whom  the 
court  fees  are  to  be  paid,  and  may  order  either  party  to  pay  such 
sum  as  the  court  may  consider  proper  by  way  of  costs  to  the 
other  party,  and  the  amount  allowed  in  respect  thereof  shall  be 


COUNTY  COURT  RULES  (NO.  2).  665 

added  to  or  deducted  from  the  amount  payable  to  the  returning 
officer,  and  the  amount  to  be  included  in  the  certificate  shall  be 
adjusted  accordingly. 

(3)  Order  for  payment  where  balance  due  from  returning 
•officer. — If  the  court  orders  any  sum  to  be  paid  by  way  of  fees 
and  costs  to  the  Treasury,  and  such  sum  exceeds  the  amount  cer- 
tified to  be  payable  by  the  Treasury  to  the  returning  officer,  or  if 
the  amount  already  advanced  by  the  Treasury  to  the  returning 
officer  on  account  of  his  charges  exceeds  the  amount  certified  to 
be  payable  to  him,  the  court  shall  certify  the  amount  of  the 
excess,  and  shall  order  the  amount  so  certified  to  be  paid  to  the 
Treasury,  and  the  order  shall  be  enforceable  in  like  manner  as  a 
judgment  of  the  court. 

13.  Order  on   examination  of  claim. — On  the   hearing  of  an 
application  for  the  examination  of  a  claim,  or  at  any  adjournment 
thereof,  the  court  may  allow  or  disallow  or  reduce  the  claim, 
and  may  determine  by  whom  the  court  fees  are  to  be  paid,  and 
may  order  either  party  to  pay  such  sum  as  the  court  may  con- 
sider proper  by  way  of  costs  to  the  other  party,  and  may  give 
directions  as  to  the  addition  to  the  sum  allowed  to  the  claimant 
of  any  costs  ordered  to  be  paid  to  him,  or  the  set  off  against 
such  sum  of  any  fees  and  costs  ordered  to  be  paid  by  him,  and 
-as  to  the  payment  of  the  balance  ascertained  to  be  due  from  either 
party  to  the  other. 

14.  Forms     423,     424,     425A,     426— 428.— Forms     423,     424, 
426,  427  and  428  in  the  Appendix,  entitled  in  the  Matter  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918,  and  of  the  election  in 
question,   and   with  the   necessary  modifications,    may   be    used 
for  applications  for  taxation  of  accounts  or  examination  of  claims, 
notices  of  time  and  place  fixed  for  taxation  or  examination,  and 
orders    on    examination    of    claims    under    these    Rules;     and 
Form  425A  in  the  Appendix,  with  the  necessary  modifications, 
may  be  used  for  certificates  on  taxation. 

15.  Fees. — The  fees  payable  under  the  Treasury  Order  regu- 
lating Fees  in  the  County  Courts  for  taxation  of  accounts  and 
•examination  of  claims  under  Rules  1   to  8  of  this  Order  shall 
apply    to    taxations    and     examinations    under     these     Rules, 
with  the  following  modification,  that  where  a  notice  is  served 
•"by  the  high  bailiff  by  post  the  fee  for  such  service  shall  be 
fid.   only. 


ORDER  LIII. 

COSTS  AND  ALLOWANCES  TO  WITNESSES. 
The  following  Rule  shall  stand  as  Order  LIII.,  Rule  50,  viz.:  — 
Increase  of  Costs  during  Continuance   of  War. 

16.  Increase  of  costs  during  war. — (1)  During  the  continua- 
tion of  the  present  war,  and  thereafter  until  such  date  as  the 
Lord  Chancellor  shall  appoint,  the  total  of  any  items  of  costs  (as 


APPENDIX  II. 

distinct  from  payments)  in  respect  of  business  done  after  the 
thirtieth  day  of  April  nineteen  hundred  and  eighteen  in  any 
action  or  matter  commenced  in  or  remitted  to  a  county  court, 
or  in  proceedings  under  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  1906, 
shall  where  costs  are  payable  under  Column  B  or  Column  C  of 
the  higher  scale  be  increased  by  20  per  centum,  and  such  increase 
shall  be  allowed  upon  any  taxation  or  assessments  of  costs  in 
respect  of  any  such  business  ,as  well  as  between  party  and. 
party  as  between  solicitor  and  client. 

(2)  Provided  that  this  Rule  shall  not  affect  any  power  to  direct 
payment  of  a  fixed  or  gross  sum  in  respect  or  in  lieu  of  costs. 

(3)  Provided  also  that  where  any  items  of  costs  are  increased 
under  Rule  8  of  this  Order,  or  costs  are  allowed  on  any  scale 
higher  than  that  which,  would  otherwise  be  applicable,  the  increase 
authorised  by  this  rule  shall  not  be  allowed  in  respect  of  such 
items  or  in  respect  of  costs  allowed  on  such  higher  scale,  unless 
the  judge  otherwise  orders. 

(4)  Provided  also  that  this  Rule  shall  not  apply  to  bills  of  costs 
which  have  at  the  date  when   this  Rule  comes  into  operation 
already  been  delivered  to  the  client  sought  to  be  charged  there- 
with or  to  the  person  chargeable  therewith  or  liable  therefor,  or  to 
bills  already  taxed  and  certified  or  allowed. 

(5)  The  increase  hereby  authorised  shall  not  affect  the  question 
whether  a  bill  of  costs  when  taxed  is  or  is  not  less  by  one  sixth 
part  than  the  bill  delivered,  sent,  or  left. 


APPENDIX. 

166  instead  of  166. 

RECEIPT  FOR  MONEY  LEVIED  OR  PAID  UNDER  PROCESS. 

No. 

County  Court. 
No.  of  Plaint  .      No.  of  Execution  or  other  Process 

v. 

Received  the  day  of  of  the  above  named 

the  sum  of  pounds  shillings  and  pence:  — 

On  account  of — 

Debt  and  costs  £         :          : 

Possession  fees  ..  £ 


Total 


Bailiff. 

N.B. — This  form  to  be  printed  and  numbered  in  duplicate 
on  thin  paper,  6  inches  long  by  4  inches  deep,  and  bound  up  in 
books,  50  duplicates  in  each  book. 

Dated  the  day  of  ,1918. 


COUNTY  COURT  KULES  (No.  2).  667 

425A. 

CERTIFICATE  ON  TAXATION  UNDER  THE  EEPRESENTATION  OF  THE 
PEOPLE  ACT,  SECTION  29. 

'[Not  to  be  printed,  but  to  be  used  as  a  precedent.] 

In  the  County  Court  of  liolden  at 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918, 
Section   29, 

and 

In  the  Matter  of  an.  Election  of  a  Member  to  serve  in  Parlia- 
ment for  the  Division  of  the  County  of 
[or  as  the  case  may  be]. 

On  the  application  of  the  Treasury  for  the  taxation 

of  the  account  of  the  charges  of  the  returning  officer 

at  the  above-mentioned  election  in  respect  of  such  election, 

The  Court  doth  determine  that  the  amount  payable  to  the  said 
in  respect  of  such  charges  is  the  sum  of  £  ,  and 

doth  certify  the  same  accordingly: 

And  the  Court  doth  further  determine  that  the  Court  fees 
payable  on  this  application,  amounting  to  £  ,  are  to  be 

paid  by  : 

And  doth  further  order  that  do  pay  to  the  sum 

of  £  by  way  of  costs  in  respect  of  this  application: 

And  the  Court  doth  certify  that  the  amount  payable  to  the 
said  ,  including  the  costs  payable  to  him  as  aforesaid 

[or  after  deducting  the  fees  and  costs  payable  by  him  as  afore- 
said] is  the  sum  of  £ 

[#/•,  if  the  balance,  after  adjusting  the  fees  and  costs,  and 
giving  credit  for  any  amount  already  advanced  on  account  of 
his  charges,  is  against  the  returning  officer, 

And  the  Court  doth  certify  that  the  balance  due  from  the 
said  after  crediting  him  with  the  amount  payable  to  him 

in  respect  of  his  charges  and  debiting  him  with  the  amount 
payable  by  him  for  Court  fees  and  costs  and  the  amount  already 
advanced  to  him  on  account  of  his  charges,  is  the  sum  of  £  ; 

And  doth  order  that  the  said  do  on  or  before  the 

day  of  ,  19     ,  pay  the  said  sum  of  £  to  the  registrar 

of  this  Court  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury.] 

Given  under  the  seal  of  the  Court  this  day  of  , 

19     . 

By  the  Court, 

Registrar. 

To  the  Treasury 

and  to 
[The  Returning  Officer]. 


#68  APPENDIX  II. 


NOTES. 

Rule  1  enables  the  judges  to  fix  courts  for  the  transaction, 
of  ordinary  business  so  as  to  fit  in  with  the  arrangements  which 
must  be  made  by  them  for  the  hearing  of  appeals  from  regis- 
tration officers  under  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918. 
The  Majority  of  these  appeals  will  probably  come  in  for  hear- 
ing about  the  same  time;  and  as  it  will  be  necessary  that  they 
should  be  dealt  with  as  soon  as  possible,  the  judges  will  have  to 
make  arrangements  accordingly.  The  Rule  accordingly  pro- 
vides that  instead  of  being  required  to  fix  courts  for  ordinary 
business  3  months  beforehand,  as  required  by  the  pre- 
sent Rule,  they  may  delay  the  fixing  of  such  courts  until 
they  know  approximately  what  time  will  be  required  for 
the  hearing  of  appeals,  and  to  give  6  weeks  notice  only  of  the 
times  fixed  for  such  courts;  and  further  that  in  country  dis- 
tricts where  the  ordinary  business  is  not  likely  to  require  a 
full  day  they  may  fix  two  courts  to  be  held  on  the  same  day, 
so  as  to  allow  more  free  days  for  the  hearing  of  appeals. 

Rule  2. — The  words  omitted  from  Form  23  were  inserted  by 
the  Rules  of  1914.  This  was  done  per  incuriam,  as  Order  XXIlA., 
Rule  10,  altering  the  time  for  filing  notice  of  defence,  &c.,  in 
actions  under  the  extended  jurisdiction  con'ferre'd  by  the  Act  of 
1903,  applies  only  to  ordinary  and  not  to  default  summonses; 
see  Order  XXIlA.,  Rule  1. 

Rule  3  corrects  a  clerical  error  in  Order  XXIlA.,  Rule  1. 

Rule  4  provides  a  new  form  of  receipt  to  be  given  by  a  bailiff 
for  money  paid  under  process,  and  for  a  carbon  copy  being 
kept,  as  suggested  by  the  Treasury. 

Rules  5  to  15  are  based  on  the  existing  Rules  as  to  the  taxation 
of  the  accounts  of  returning  officers,  which  are  still  in  force 
as  to  elections  other  than  parliamentary  elections.  The  only 
substantial  difference  is  that  as  the  expenses  are  to  be  paid 
by  the  Treasury  a  certificate  of  the  amount  found  to  be  payable 
is  substituted  for  an  order  for  payment,  as  in  the  case  of  deter- 
mination by  the  county  court  of  a  difference  as  to  the  amount 
to  be  paid  for  carriages,  etc.,  requisitioned  under  sect.  115  of 
of  the  Army  Act,  1881. 

Rule  16  provides  for  the  increase  of  costs  during  the  war, 
following  the  Rule  recently  made  for  the  Supreme  Court. 


REGISTRATION  APPEALS  RULE,  1918.  869 


No.  4. 

REGISTRATION  APPEALS  RULE,  1918  (BEISG 
RULES  OF  THK  SUPREME  COURT  AS  TO  APPEALS  TO 
THE  COURT  OF  APPEAL  FROM  THE  COUNTY  COURTS 

UNDER    THK    REPRESENTATION    OK    THE    PEOPLE    AtT, 

1918,  sKirr.  14  («y). 

[NOTE.— The  following-  Rule  shall  stand  as  Rule  21  of 
Oder  LVIII.  of  the  Rules  of  the  Supreme  Court,  1883.] 

21.  Registration  appeals. — The  following  provisions  shall  apply 
to  appeals  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  from  decisions  of  the  county 
courts  on  points  of  law  on  the  hearing  of  appeals  from  regis- 
tration officers  under  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918. 
section  14  (a). 

(1)  A  person  desiring  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal  against 
the  decision  of  the  county  court  on  any  appeal  shall  give  notice 
of  his  intention  to  appeal  to  the  registrar  of  the  county  court  and 
to  the  registration  officer  and  to  the  opposite  party,  if  any,  within 
such  time  and  in  such  form  as  may  be  prescribed  by  County 
Court  Eules. 

(2)  In  any  such  case  the  party,  if  any,  in  whose  favour  the 
decision  is  given  shall  be  the  respondent:   and  the  registration 
officer  also  shall  be  named  as  respondent  to  the  appeal. 

(3)  Every  such  appeal  shall  be  by  notice  of  motion  in  accor- 
dance with  Order  LIX.,  Eule  10;  and  such  notice  of  motion  shall 
be  served  and  the  appeal  set  down  under  Order  LVIII.,  Eule  8, 
within  the  time  limited  by  Order  LIX.,  Eule  12. 

(4)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  party  appealing  to  apply  to  the 
judge  or  assistant  judge  of  the  county  court  for  a  signed  copy 
of  the  note  made  by  him  of  any  point  of  law  raised  before  him, 
and  of   the  facts  in   evidence  in    relation   thereto,   and  of  his 
decision  thereon,  and  of  his  decision  on  the  hearing  of  the  appeal, 
and  to  furnish  such  copy,  and  two  additional  unsigned  copies 
thereof,  for  the  use  of  the  Court  of  Appeal ;  and  such  signed  copy 
shall  be  used  and  received  at  the  hearing  of  the  appeal.     If  such 
note  is  not  produced  the  Court  of  Appeal  shall  have  power  to 
apply  to  the  judge  or  assistant  judge  to  furnish  such  a  note,  or  to 
hear  and  determine  the  appeal  upon  any  other  evidence  or  state- 
ment of  what  occurred  before  the  county  court  which  the  Court 
of  Appeal  may  deem  sufficient. 

(5)  If  the  Court  of  Appeal  is  of  opinion  that  the  statement 
in  the  note  is  not  sufficient  to  enable  the  Court  to  give  judgment 
in  law,  the  Court  may  remit  the  matter  to  the  judge  or  assistant 
judge  in  order  that  the  note  may  be  more  fully  stated. 

(a]  See  pp.  134—137,  supra. 


670  APPENDIX  II. 

(6)  No  appeal  shall  bo  allowed  upon  any  question  of  fact  only, 
or  upon  the  admissibility  or  effect  of  any  evidence  or  admission 
adduced  or  made  in  any  case  to  establish  any  matter  of  fact  only. 

(7)  The  Court  shall  have  power  to  extend  the  time  for  appeal- 
ing, or  to  amend  the  grounds  of  appeal,  or  rescind  or  vary  any 
declaration  as  to  consolidation  of  appeals  made  by  the  judge 
or  assistant  judge  of  the  county  court,  or  to  make  any  other 
order  on  such  terms  as  the  Court  shall  think  just  to  ensure  the 
determination  on  the  merits  of  the  real  question  in  controversy 
between  the  parties. 

(8)  Where  it  appears  to  the  judge  or  assistant  judge  that  the 
validity  of  any  number  of  decisions  given  by  the  county  court 
depends  upon  the  same  point  or  points  of  law,  and  the  parties 
or  any  of  them  have  given  notice  to  the  county  court  of  their 
intention  to  appeal  to  the  Court  of  Appeal,  the  judge  or  assistant 
judge  may,  in  such  manner  as  may  be  prescribed  by  County 
Court  Rules,  declare  that  the  appeals  to  the  Court  of  Appeal 
ought  to  be  consolidated,  and  may  name  any  person  interested 
and  consenting  to  be  appellant  or  respondent  in  the  consolidated 
appeal  on  behalf  of  himself  and  all  other  persons  interested  in 
like  manner  in  the  appeals  who  consent  to  be  parties  to  and  to 
be  bound  by  the  consolidated  appeal;  and  the  registration  officer 
shall  also  be  named  as  a  respondent  to  the  consolidated  appeal. 

(9)  With  regard  to  consolidated  appeals  the  like  proceedings 
shall  be  had  and  taken  and  the  like  rules  and  regulations  shall 
apply  as  in  the  case  of  any  other  appeal;  and  every  order,  judg- 
ment or  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  shall  be  equally  valid  and 
effectual  and  binding  and  conclusive  on  all  the  parties  named  in 
or  referred  to  as  parties  to  such  consolidated  appeals. 

(10)  Where  appeals  are  consolidated,  if  the  consolidated  appeal 
is  not  duly  prosecuted  or  answered,  the  Court  of  Appeal  may  give 
to  any  party  or  parties  interested  in  such  appeal,  upon  his  or 
their  application,  the  conduct  and  direction  of  the  appeal  or  of 
the   answer   thereto,   instead  of  or  in    addition   to   any   person 
originally  named  in  that  behalf,  in  such  manner  and  on  such 
terms  as  the  Court  may  think  fit,  or  may  make  such  other  order 
in  the  case  as  may  seem  just. 

(11)  Every  party  to  a  consolidated  appeal  shall  be  liable  for  the 
costs  of  the  appeal  in  the  same  manner  and  to  the  same  extent 
as  the  person  named  as  appellant  or  respondent  in  such  appeal. 

(12)  If  where  appeals  are  consolidated  any  party  interested 
in  any  such  appeal  refuses  to  be  a  party  to  and  to  be  bound  by 
the   consolidated    appeal;    the    appeal    in    which    such   party    is 
interested  may  proceed  separately;  but  such  party  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  receive  any  costs  of  or  in  such  appeal,   unless  the 
Court  of  Appeal  shall   otherwise  order. 

(13)  Arrangements   shall    be   made    for   hearing    any    appeals 
without  delay,  and  as  far  as  possible  continuously. 

(14)  Subject  to  the  foregoing  provisions  the  rules  for  the  time 
being  in  force  with  respect  to  appeals  from  the  High  Court  to  the 
Court  of  Appeal  shall,  so  far  as  practicable,  apply  to  and  govern 
appeals  under  this  rule  to  the  Court  of  Appeal. 

(15)  Except  as  in  this  rule  otherwise  provided,  the  costs  of  any 
appeal  shall  be  in  the  discretion  of  the  Court  of  Appeal. 


REGISTRATION  APPEALS  RULE,   1918.  6~1 

Such  costs  may,  if  the  appeal  is  successful,  be  ordered  to  be 
paid  by  the  registration  officer  named  as  respondent  to  the 
appeal,  whether  he  shall  or  shall  not  appear  in  support  of  the 
decision  of  the  county  court. 

Where  any  person  other  than  the  registration  officer  is 
respondent  to  an  appeal  he  shall  not  be  liable  or  entitled  to 
costs  unless  he  appears  in  support  of  the  decision  of  the  county 
court. 

(16)  Notice  of  the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Appeal  on  any 
appeal  shall  be  given  by  the  proper  officer  of  the  Court  of  Appeal 
to  the  registration  officer,  specifying  exactly  every  alteration  or 
correction  to  be  made  on  the  register  in  pursuance  of  the  decision: 
and  a  copy  thereof  shall  be  sent  to  the  registrar  of  the  county 
court. 


19 


(17)  This  Rule  may  be  cited  as  the  Registration  Appeals  Rule, 
18. 


672  APPENDIX  III. 


APPENDIX  111. 
STATUTES. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

The  Ballot  Act  (35  &  36  Viet.   c.  33)    672 

The  Parliamentary  Elections  (Returning  Officers)  Act,  1875 
(38  &  39  Viet.   c.   84)   700 

The  Parliamentary  Elections  Eeturning  Officers  Expenses 
Scotland)  Act,  1878  (41  &  42  Viet.  c.  42)  708 

The  Parliamentary  Elections   and   Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1880(43  Viet.  c.  18) 708 

The  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,   1883 
(46&47  Viet.  c.  51) 710 

The  Local  Government  Elections  Act,  1896  (59  Viet.  c.  1)...     717 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872  (35  &  36  VICT.  c.  33)  (a). 

An  Act  to  .amend  the  Law  relating  to  Procedure  at  Parliamentary 
and  Municipal  Elections.  [18th   July,    1872.] 

[Preamble. ~\ 

PART  I. 

PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS. 
Procedure  at  Elections. 

1.  Nomination  of  candidates  -for  parliamentary  elections. — A 
candidate  for  election  to  serve  in  Parliament  for  a  county  or 
borough  shall  be  nominated  in  writing.  The  writing  shall  be 
subscribed  by  two  registered  electors  of  such  county  or  borough 
as  proposer  and  seconder,  and  by  eight  other  registered  electors 

(a)  The  Ballot  Act,  1872,  is  made  permanent  by  sect.  35  of  the 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918.  See  p.  278,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  673 

of  the  same  county  or  borough  as  assenting  to  the  nomination, 
and  shall  be  delivered  during  the  time  appointed  for  the  election 
to  the  returning  officer  by  the  candidate  himself,  or  his  proposer 
or  seconder. 

If  at  the  expiration  of  one  hour  after  the  time  appointed  for  the 
election  no  more  candidates  stand  nominated  than  there  are 
vacancies  to  be  filled  up,  the  returning  officer  shall  forthwith 
declare  the  candidates  who  may  stand  nominated  to  be  elected, 
and  return  their  names  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery; 
but  if  at  the  expiration  of  such,  hour  more  candidates  stand 
nominated  than  there  are  vacancies  to  be  filled  up,  the  returning 
officer  shall  adjourn  the  election  and  shall  take  a  poll  in  manner 
in  this  Act  mentioned. 

A  candidate  may,  during  the  time  appointed  for  the  election, 
but  not  afterwards,  withdraw  from  his  candidature  by  giving  a 
notice  to  that  effect,  signed  by  him,  to  the  returning  officer: 
Provided  that  the  proposer  of  a  candidate  nominated  in  his 
absence  out  of  the  United  Kingdom  may  withdraw  such  candidate 
by  a  written  notice  signed  by  him  and  delivered  to  the  returning 
officer,  together  with  a  written  declaration  of  such  absence  of 
the  candidate. 

If  after  the  adjournment  of  an  election  by  the  returning  officer 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  a  poll  one  of  the  candidates  nominated 
shall  die  before  the  poll  has  commenced,  the  returning  officer 
shall,  upon  being  satisfied  of  the  fact  of  such  death,  countermand 
notice  of  the  poll,  and  all  the  proceedings  with  reference  to  the 
election  shall  be  commenced  afresh  in  all  respects  as  if  the  writ 
had  been  received  by  the  returning  officer  on  the  day  on  which 
proof  was  given  to  him  of  such  death;  provided  that  no  fresh 
nomination  shall  be  necessary  in  the  case  of  a  candidate  who  stood 
nominated  at  the  time  of  the  countermand  of  the  poll  (6). 

2.  Poll  at  elections, — In  the  case  of  a  poll  at  an  election  the 
votes  shall  be  given  by  ballot.  The  ballot  of  each  voter  shall 
consist  of  a  paper  (in  this  Act  called  a  ballot  paper)  showing  the 
names  and  description  of  the  candidates.  Each  ballot  paper  shall 
have  a  number  printed  on  the  back,  and  shall  have  attached  a 
counterfoil  with  the  same  number  printed  on  the  face.  At  the 
time  of  voting,  the  ballot  paper  shall  be  marked  on  both  sides 
with  an  official  mark,  and  delivered  to  the  voter  within  the 
polling  station,  and  the  number  of  such  voter  on  the  register 
of  voters  shall  be  marked  on  the  counterfoil,  and  the  voter  having 
secretly  marked  his  vote  on  the  paper,  and  folded  it  up  so  as  to 
conceal  his  vote,  shall  place  it  in  a  closed  box  in  the  presence 
of  the  officer  presiding  at  the  polling  station  (in  this  Act  called 
"  the  presiding  officer  ")  after  having  shown  to  him  the  official 
mark  at  the  back. 

Any  ballot  paper  which  has  not  on  its  back  the  official  mark, 
or  on  which  votes  are  given  to  more  candidates  than  the  voter 
is  entitled  to  vote  for,  or  on  which  anything,  except  the  said 
number  on  the  back,  is  written  or  marked  by  which  the  voter  can 
be  identified,  shall  be  void  and  not  counted. 

(b]  See  sect,  21  (4)  (a\  p.  162,  supra. 

F.  43 


APPENDIX  III. 

After  the  close  of  the  poll  the  ballot  boxes  shall  be  sealed  up, 
so  as  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  additional  ballot  papers,  and 
shall  be  taken  charge  of  by  the  returning  officer,  and  that  officer 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  such  agents,  if  any,  of  the  candidates  as 
may  be  in  attendance,  open  the  ballot  boxes,  and  ascertain  the 
result  of  the  poll  by  counting  the  votes  given  to  each  candidate, 
and  shall  forthwith  declare  to  be  elected  the  candidates  or  can- 
didate to  whom  the  majority  of  votes  have  been  given,  and 
return  their  names  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery.  The 
decision  of  the  returning  officer  as  to  any  question  arising  in 
respect  of  any  ballot  paper  shall  be  final,  subject  to  reversal  on 
petition  questioning  the  election  or  return. 

Where  an  equality  of  votes  is  found  to  exist  between  any 
candidates  at  an  election  for  a  county  or  borough,  and  the  .addition 
of  a  vote  would  entitle  any  of  such  candidates  to  be  declared 
elected,  the  returning  officer,  if  a  registered  elector  of  such 
county  or  ^borough,  may  give  such  additional  vote,  but  shall 
not  in  any  other  case  be  entitled  to  vote  at  an  election  for  which 
he  is  returning  officer  (c). 

Offences  at  Elections. 

3.  Offences  in  respect   of   nomination  papers,    ballot   papers, 
and  ballot  boxes  (d}. 

4.  Infringement  of  secrecy  (e). 

Amendment  of  Law. 

5.  Division  of  counties  and  boroughs  into  polling  districts  (/). 

6.  Use  of  school   and  public  room  for  poll. — The   returning 
officer  at  a  parliamentary  election  may  u^e,  free  of  charge,  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  the  poll  at  such  election,  any  room  in  a 
school  receiving  a  grant  out  of  moneys  provided  by  Parliament, 
and  any  room  the  expense  of  maintaining  which  is  payable  out 
of  any  local  rate,  but  he  shall  make  good  any  damage  done  to 
such  room,  and  defray  any  expense  incurred  by  the  person  or 
body  of  persons,  corporate  or  unincorporate,  having  control  over 
the  same  on  account  of  its  being  used  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
the  poll  as  aforesaid. 

The  use  of  any  room  in  an  unoccupied  house  for  the  purpose 
of  taking  the  poll  shall  not  render  any  person  liable  to  be  rated 
or  to  pay  any  rate  for  such  house. 

7.  Collusiveness  of  register  of  voters.— At  any  election  for 
a  Bounty  or  borough,  a  person  shall  not  be  entitled  "to  vote  unless 
his  name  is  on  the  register  of  voters  for  the  time  being  in  force 
for  such  county  or  borough,  and  every  person  whose  name  is  on 
such  register  shall  be  entitled  to  demand  and  receive  a  ballot 
paper  and  to  vote:  Provided  that  nothing  in  this  section  shall 

(c)  See  sect.  22  (1)  (c),  p.  165,  supra. 

(d)  See  pp.  285,  286,  supra. 

(e)  For  the  provisions  of  this  section,  see  pp.  286,  287,  supra. 

(/)  Repealed  by  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act.     See  pp.  337,  396.  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  675 

entitle  any  person  to  vote  who  is  prohibited  from  voting  by 
statute,  or  by  the  common  law  of  Parliament,  or  relieve  such 
person  from  any  penalties  to  which  he  may  be  liable  for  voting. 

Duties  of  Returning  and  Election  Officers. 

8.  General  powers  and  duties  of  returning  officer. — Subject 
to  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  every  returning  officer  shall  provide 
such  nomination  papers,  polling  stations,  ballot  boxes,    ballot 
papers,  stamping  instruments,  copies  of  register  of  voters,  and 
other  things,  appoint  and  pay  such  officers,  and  do  such  other 
acts  and  things  as  may  be  necessary  for  effectually  conducting  an 
election  in  manner  provided  by  this  Act. 

\_Here  follow  words  repealed  by  present  Act(f).\ 
Where  the  sheriff  is  returning  officer  for  more  than  one  county 
as  defined  for  the  purposes  of  parliamentary  elections,  he  may, 
without  prejudice  to  any  other  power,  by  writing  under  his 
hand,  appoint  a  fit  person  to  be  his  deputy  for  all  or  any  of  the 
purposes  relating  to  an  election  in  any  such  county,  and  may,  by 
himself  or  such  deputy,  exercise  any  powers  and  do  any  things 
which  the  returning  officer  is  authorised  or  required  to  exercise 
or  do  in  relation  to  such  election,  Every  such  deputy,  and  also 
any  under  sheriff,  shall,  in  so  far  as  he  acts  as  returning  officer, 
be  deemed  to  be  included  in  the  term  returning  officer  in  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  relating  to  parliamentary  elections,  and 
the  enactments  with  which  this  part  of  this  Act  is  to  be  construed 
as  one  (g). 

9.  Keeping  of  order  in  station. — If  any  person  misconducts 
himself  in  the  polling  station,  or  fails  to  obey  the  lawful  orders 
of  the  presiding  officer,  he  may  immediately,  by  order  of  the  pre- 
siding  officer,    be    removed    from    the    polling    station    by   any 
constable  in  or  near  that  station,  or  any  other  person  authorised 
in  writing  by  the  returning  officer  to  remove  him;  and  the  person 
so  removed  shall  not,  unless  with  the  permission  of  the  presiding 
officer,  again  be  .allowed  to  enter  the  polling  station  during  the 
day. 

Any  person  so  removed  as  aforesaid,  if  charged  with  the  com- 
mission in  such  station  of  any  offence,  may  be  kept  in  custody 
until  he  can  be  brought  before  a  justice  of  the  peace. 

Provided  that  the  powers  conferred  by  this  section  shall  not  be 
exercised  so  as  to  prevent  any  elector  who  is  otherwise  entitled 
to  vote  at  any  polling  station  from  having  an  opportunity  of 
voting  at  such  station. 

10.  Powers     of     presiding     officer     and     administration     of 
oaths,  &c. — For  the  purpose  of  the  adjournment  of  the  poll,  and 
of  every  other  enactment  relating  to  the  poll,  a  presiding  officer 
shall  have  the  power  by  law  belonging  to  a  deputy  returning 
officer;  and  any  presiding  officer  and  any  clerk  appointed  by  the 

(/)  See  sect.  47  (1),  p.  337,  supra,  aud  p.  396,  supra. 

(g}  The  words  in  sect.  8  beginning  ' '  Where  the  sheriff ' '  to  the  end  of 
the  section  are  repealed  (except  as  respects  Scotland  and  Ireland)  by 
seat.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act.  See  pp.  337,  396,  supra. 

43(2) 


676  APPENDIX  III. 

returning  officer  to  attend  at  a  polling  station  shall  have  the 
power  of  asking  the  questions  and  administering  the  oath  autho- 
rised by  law  to  be  asked  of  and  administered  to  voters,  and  any 
justice  of  the  peace  and  any  returning  officer  may  take  and 
receive  any  declaration  authorised  by  this  Act  to  be  taken  before 
him. 

11.  Liability    of    officers    for    misconduct. — Every    returning 
officer,  presiding  officer,  and  clerk  who  is  guilty  of  any  wilful 
misfeasance  or  any  wilful  act  or  omission  in  contravention  of 
this  Act  shall,  in  addition  to  any  other  penalty  or  liability  to 
which  he  may  be  subject,  forfeit  to  any  person  aggrieved  by  such 
misfeasance,  act,  or  omission  a  penal  sum  not  exceeding  one 
hundred  pounds. 

Section  fifty  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1867, 
(which  relates  to  the  acting  of  any  returning  officer,  or  his  partner 
or  clerk,  as  agent  for  a  candidate,)  shall  apply  to  any  returning 
officer  or  officer  appointed  by  him  in  pursuance  of  this  Act,  and 
to  his  partner  or  clerk. 

Miscellaneous. 

12.  Prohibition  of  disclosure  of  vote. — No  person  who  has  voted 
at  an  election  shall,  in  any  legal  proceeding  to  question  the 
election  or  return,  be  required  to  state  for  whom  he  has  voted. 

13.  Non-compliance  with  rules. — No  election  shall  be  declared 
invalid  by  reason  of  a  non-compliance  with  the  rules  contained 
in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act,  or  any  mistake  in  the  use  of  the 
forms  in  the  Second  Schedule  to  this  Act,  if  it  appears  to  the 
tribunal  haying  cognizance  of  the  question  that  the  election  was 
conducted  in  accordance  with  the  principles  laid  down  in  the 
body  of  this  Act,  and  that  such  non-compliance  or  mistake  did 
not  affect  the  result  of  the  election. 

14.  Use  of  municipal  ballot  boxes,  &c.  for  parliamentary  elec- 
tion, and  vice  versa. — Where  a  parliamentary  borough  and  muni- 
cipal borough  occupy  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  same  area,  any 
ballot  boxes  or  fittings  for  polling  stations  and  compartments 
provided   for   such    parliamentary   borough   or    such    municipal 
borough  may  be  used  in  any  municipal  or  parliamentary  elec- 
tion in  such  borough  free  of  charge,  and  any  damage  other  than 
reasonable  wear  and  tear  caused  to  the  same  shall  be  paid  as  part 
of  the  expenses  of  the  election  at  which  they  are  so  used. 

15.  Construction  of  Act. — This  part  of  this  Act  shall,  so  far 
as  is  consistent  with  the  tenor  thereof,  be  construed  as  one  with 
the  enactments  for  the  time  being  in  force  relating  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  people,  and  to  the  registration  of  persons  entitled 
to  vote  at  the  election  of  members  to  serve  in  Parliament,  and 
with  any  enactments  otherwise  relating  to  the  subject  matter  oi 
this  part  of  this  Act,  and  terms  used  in  this  part  of  this  Act  shall 
have  the  same  meaning  as  in  the  said  enactments;  and  in  con- 
struing the  said  enactments  relating  to  an  election  or  to  the  poll  or 
taking  the  votes  by  poll,  the  mode  of  election  and  of  taking  the 
poll  established  by  this  Act  shall  for  the  purposes  of  the  said' 
enactments  be  deemed  to  be  substituted  for  the  mode  of  election 


BALLOT  ACT,   1872.  677 

or  poll,  or  taking  the  votes  by  poll,  referred  to  in  the  said  enact- 
ments; iand  any  person  applying  for  a  ballot  paper  under  this 
Act  shall  be  deemed  "  to  tender  his  vote,"  or  "  to  assume  to  vote," 
within  the  meaning  of  the  said  enactments;  and  any  application 
for  a  ballot  paper  under  this  Act,  or  expressions  relative  thereto 
shall  be  equivalent  to  "  voting  "  in  the  said  enactments  and  any 
expressions  relative  thereto;  and  the  term  "polling  booth"  as 
used  in  the  said  enactments  shall  be  deemed  to  include  a  polling 
station;  and  the  term  "  proclamation  "  as  used  in  the  said  enact- 
ments shall  be  deemed  to  include  a  public  notice  given  in 
pursuance  of  this  Act. 

Application  of  Part  of  Act  to  Scotland. 

16.  Alterations  for  application  of  Part  1.  to  Scotland. — This 
part  of  this  Act  shall  apply  to  Scotland,  subject  to  the  following 
provisions: — 

(1)  The  expression  "  crime  and  offence  "  shall  be  equivalent 

to  the  expression  "  misdemeanor,"  and  shall  be  sub- 
stituted therefor: 

(2)  All  offences  under  this  Act  for  which  any  person  may  be 

punished  on  summary  conviction  shall  be  prosecuted 
before  the  sheriff  under  the  provisions  of  "  The  Sum- 
mary Procedure  Act,  1864";  and  all  jurisdictions, 
powers,  and  authorities  necessary  for  that  purpose  are 
hereby  conferred  on  sheriffs: 

The  expression  "sheriff"  shall  include  sheriff  substitute: 
The  provisions  of  this  Act  relating   to   the  division   of 
counties  and  boroughs  into  polling  districts  shall  not 
apply  to  Scotland: 

(5)  [Repealed  by  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act.    See  pp.  337, 
396,  supra. ~\ 

Application  of  Part  of  Act  to  Ireland. 

17.  Alterations  for  application  of  Part  I.   to  Ireland. — This 
part  of  this  Act  shall  apply  to  Ireland,  subject  to  the  following 
modifications :  — 

(1)  The  expression  "  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  "  shall 

mean  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  and  Hanaper  in  Ireland: 

(2)  The  preceding  provisions  of  this  part  of  this  Act  with 

respect  to  the  division  of  counties  and  boroughs  into 
polling  districts  shall  not  extend  to  Ireland: 

(3)  In  the  construction  of  the  preceding  provisions  of  this 

part  of  this  Act  as  applying  to  Ireland,  section  thirteen 
of  "  The  Representation  of  the  People  (Ireland)  Act, 
1868,"  shall  be  substituted  for  section  fifty  of  "  The 
Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1867,"  wherever  in 
such  provisions  the  said  last-mentioned  section  occurs. 
The  provision  contained  in  the  sixth  section  of  this 
Act  providing  for  the  use  of  school  rooms  free  of  charge, 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  poll  at  elections,  shall  not 
apply  to  any  school  adjoining  or  adjacent  to  any  church 
or  other  place  of  worship,  nor  to  any  school  connected 
with  a  nunnery  or  other  religious  establishment: 


678  APPENDIX  III. 

(4)  [Repealed  by  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act.    See  pp.  337, 
396,   supra. ] 

18.  Provisions  as   to   polling   districts  and  polling   places   in 
Ireland. — [Repealed  by  sect.  47   (1)  of  the  present  Act.     See 
pp.  337,  396,  supra.] 

19.  Amendment  of  law  as  to  voting  in  certain  boroughs. — 
[Repealed  by  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act.    See  pp.  337,  396, 
supra.'] 

PART  II. 
MUNICIPAL  ELECTIONS  (&). 

20.  Application  to  municipal  election  of  enactments  relating 
to  the  p'oll  at  parliamentary  elections. — The  poll  at  every  con- 
tested municipal  election  shall,  so  far  as  circumstances  admit, 
be  conducted  in  the  manner  in  which  the  poll  is  by  this  Act 
directed  to  be  conducted  at  a  contested  parliamentary  election, 
and,   subject   to    the   modifications   expressed   in   the   schedules ' 
annexed  hereto,  such  provisions  of  this  Act  and  of  the  said 
schedules  as  relate  to  or  are  concerned  with  a  poll  at  a  parlia- 
mentary election  shall  apply  to  a  poll  at  a  contested  municipal 
election:  Provided  as  follows: 

(1)  The  term  "  returning  officer  "  shall  mean  the  mayor  or 

other  officer  who,  under  the  law  relating  to  municipal 
elections,  presides  at  such  elections: 

(2)  The  term  '*  petition  questioning  the  election  or  return  " 

shall  mean  any  proceeding  in  which  a  municipal  election 
can  be  questioned: 

(3)  The  mayor  shall  provide  everything  which  in  the  case  of 

a  parliamentary  election  is  required  to  be  provided  by 
the  returning  officer  for  the  purpose  of  a  poll: 

(4)  All  expenses  shall  be  defrayed  in  manner  provided  by  law 

with  respect  to  the  expenses  of  a  municipal  election : 

(5)  No  return  shall  be  made  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in 

Chancery: 

(6)  Nothing  in   this  Act  shall  be   deemed   to   authorise   the 

appointment  of  any  agents  of  a  candidate  in  a  municipal 
election,  but  if  in  the  case  of  a  municipal  election  any 
agent  of  a  candidate  is  appointed,  and  a  notice  in  writing 
of  such  appointment  is  given  to  the  returning  officer, 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  with  respect  to  agents  of 
candidates  shall,  so  far  as  respects  such  agent,  apply 
in  the  case  of  that  election: 

(7)  The  provisions  of  this  Act  with  respect  to — 

(a)  The  voting  of  a  returning  officer;   and 

(b)  The  use  of  a  room  for  taking  a  poll;   and 

(c)  The  right  to  vote  of  persons  whose  names  are  on 

the  register  of  voters; 
shall  not  apply  in  the  case  of  a  municipal  election. 


(A-)  Sects.  20  and  21  are  repealed  (except  as  to  Sco 
the  MunicipalCorporationb  Act,  1882,  «*.  5,  260  (2). 


Scotland  and  Ireland)  by 


BALLOT  ACT,   1872.  679 

A  municipal  election  shall,  except  in  so  far  as  relates  to  the 
taking  of  the  poll  in  the  event  of  its  being  contested,  be  con- 
ducted in  the  manner  in  which  it  would  have  been  conducted  if 
this  Act  had  not  been  passed. 

21.  Abolition  of  ward  assessors. — Assessors  shall  not  be  elected 
in  any  ward  of  any  municipal  borough,  and  a  municipal  election 
need  not  be  held  before  the  assessors  or  their  deputies,  but  may 
be  held  before  the  mayor,  alderman,  or  other  'returning  officer 
only. 

Application  of  Part  of  Act  to  Scotland. 

22.  Alterations  for  application  of  Part  II.  to  Scotland. — This 
part  of  this  Act  shall  apply  to  Scotland,  subject  to  the  following 
provisions :  — 

(1)  The  term  "  mayor  "  shall  mean  the  provost  or  other  chief 

magistrate  of  a  municipal  borough,  as  defined  by  this 
Act: 

(2)  All  municipal  elections  shall  be  conducted  in   the  same 

manner  in  all  respects  in  which  elections  of  councillors 
in  the  royal  burghs  contained  in  Schedule  0.  to  the 
Act  of  the  session  of  the  third  and  fourth  years  of  the 
reign  of  King  William  the  Fourth,  chapter  seventy-six, 
intituled  "  An  Act  to  alter  and  amend  the  laws  for  the 
"  election  of  the  Magistrates  and  Councillors  of  the  Hoyal 
"  Burghs  in  Scotland,"  are  directed  to  be  conducted  by 
the  Acts  in  force  at  the  time  of  the  passing  of  this  Act 
as  amended  by  this  Act;  and  all  such  Acts  shall  apply 
to  such  elections  accordingly. 

Application  of  Part  of  Act  to  Ireland. 

23.  Alterations  for  application  of  Part  11.  to  Ireland. — This 
part   of    this    Act    shall    apply    to    Ireland,  with  the  following 
modifications : 

(1)  The  term  "  mayor  "  shall  include  the  chairman  of  com- 

missioners, chairman  of  municipal  commissioners,  chair- 
man of  town  commissioners,  and  chairman  of  township 
commissioners. 

(2)  The  provisions  of  "  The  Municipal  Corporation  Act,  1859," 

following;  that  is  to  say,  section  five  and  section  six, 
and  section  seven  except  so  much  thereof  as  relates  to 
the  form  of  nomination  papers,  and  section  eight  except 
so  much  thereof  as  relates  to  assessors,  shall  extend  and 
apply  to  every  municipal  borough  in  Ireland,  and  shall 
be  substituted  for  any  provisions  in  force  in  relation 
to  the  nomination  at  municipal  elections:  Provided 
always,  that  the  term  "  councillor  "  in  these  sections 
shall  for  the  purposes  of  this  section  include  alderman, 
commissioner,  municipal  commissioner,  town  commis- 
sioner, township  commissioner,  or  assessor  of  any 
municipal  borough. 


680  APPENDIX  III. 

PART  III. 
PERSONATION. 

24.  Definition  and  punishment  of  personation, — The  following 
enactments  shall  be  made  with  respect  to  personation  at  parlia- 
mentary iand  municipal  elections: 

A  person  shall  for  all  purposes  of  the  laws  relating  to  parlia- 
mentary iand  municipal  elections  be  deemed  to  be  guilty  of  the 
offence  of  personation  who  at  an  election  for  a  county  or  borough, 
or  at  a  municipal  election,  applies  for  a  ballot  paper  in  the  name 
of  some  other  person,  whether  that  name  be  that  of  a  person  living 
or  dead  or  of  a  fictitious  person,  or  who  having  voted  once  at 
any  such  election  applies  at  the  same  election  for  a  ballot  paper 
in  his  own  name. 

....  It  shall  be  the.  duty  of  the  returning  officer  to  institute  a 
prosecution  against  any  person  whom  he  may  believe  to  have  been 
guilty  of  personation,  or  of  aiding,  abetting,  counselling,  or 
procuring  the  commission  of  the  offence  of  personation  by  any 
person,  at  the  election  for  which  he  is  returning  officer,  and  the 
costs  and  "expenses  of  the  prosecutor  and  the  witnesses  in  such 
case,  together  with  compensation  for  their  trouble  and  loss  of 
time,  shall  be  allowed  by  the  court  in  the  same  manner  in  which 
courts  are  empowered  to  allow  the  same  in  cases  of  felony. 

The  provisions  of  the  Kegistration  Acts,  specified  in  the  Third 
Schedule  to  this  Act,  shall  in  England  and  Iceland  respectively 
apply  to  personation  under  this  Act  in  the  same  manner  as  they 
apply  to  a  person  who  knowingly  personates  and  falsely  assumes 
to  vote  in  the  name  of  another  person  as  mentioned  in  the  said 
Acts. 

25.  Vote   to   be   struck   off  for   bribery,    treating,   or     undue 
influence. — Where  a  candidate,  on  the  trial  of  an  election  peti- 
tion claiming  the  seat  for  any  person,  is  proved  to  have  been 
guilty,  by  himself  or  by  any  person  on  his  behalf,  of  bribery, 
treating,  or  undue  influence  in  respect  of  any  person  who  voted 
at  such  election  (a),  .   .  .  there  shall,  on  a  scrutiny,  be  struck  off 
from  the  number  of  votes  appearing  to  have  been  given  to  such 
candidate  one  vote  for  every  person  who  voted  at  such  election 
and    is    proved    to    have    been    so    bribed,    treated,    or    unduly 
influenced  (a).  .  .   . 

26.  Alterations  in  Act  as   applying   to   Scotland. — This   part 
of  this  Act  shall  apply  to  Scotland,   subject  to  the  following 
provision: — 

The  offence  of  personation  shall  be  deemed  to  be  a  crime  and 
offence,  and  the  rules  of  the  law  of  Scotland  with  respect 
to  apprehension,  detention,  precognition,  commitment,  and 
bail  shall  apply  thereto,  and  any  person  accused  thereof  may 
be  brought  to  trial  in  the  court  of  justiciary,  whether  in 
Edinburgh  or  on  circuit,  at  the  instance  of  the  Lord  Advo- 
cate, or  before  the  sheriff  court  at  the  instance  of  the 
procurator  fiscal. 

(a)  Here  follow  words  repealed  by  present  Act.  See  sect,  47  (1],  p.  337, 
supra,  and  p.  396,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  681 

27.  Construction  of  part  of  Act. — This  part  of  this  Act,  so 
far  as  regards  parliamentary  elections,  shall  be  construed  as  one 
with  "  The  Parliamentary  Elections  Act,  1868,"  and  shall  apply 
to  an  election  for  a  university  or  combination  of  universities. 


PAET  IV. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 

28.  Effect  of  schedules. — The  schedules  to  this  Act,  and  the 
notes  thereto,  and  directions  therein,  shall  be  construed  and  have 
effect  as  part  of  this  Act. 

29.  Definitions. — In  this  Act — 

The  expression  "  municipal  borough  "  means  any  place  for 
the  time  being  subject  to  the  Municipal  Corporation  Acts, 
or  any  of  them: 

The  expression  "  Municipal  Corporation  Acts  "  means — 

(a)  As  regards  England,  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the  fifth  and 

sixth  years  of  the  reign  of  King  William  the  Fourth, 
chapter  seventy-six,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  provide  for 
"  the  regulation  of  municipal  corporations  in  England 
"  and  Wales,"  and  the  Acts  amending  the  same: 

(b)  As  regards  Scotland,  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the  third  and 

fourth  years  of  the  reign  of  King  William  the  Fourth, 
chapter  seventy-six,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  alter  and 
"  amend  the  laws  for  the  election  of  Magistrates  and 
"  Councillors  of  the  Eoyal  Burghs  in  Scotland,"  and 
the  Act  of  the  same  session,  chapter  seventy-seven,  in- 
tituled "  An  Act  to  provide  for  the  appointment  and 
"  election  of  Magistrates  and  Councillors  for  the  several 
"  Burghs  and  Towns  of  Scotland  which  now  return  or 
"  contribute  to  return  Members  to  Parliament,  and  are 
u  not  Boyal  Burghs,"  and  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the 
thirteenth  and  fourteenth  years  of  the  reign  of  Her 
present  Majesty,  chapter  thirty-three,  intituled  "  An  Act 
"  to  make  more  effectual  provision  for  regulating  the 
"  Police  of  Towns  and  populous  Places  in  Scotland,  and 
"  for  paving,  draining,  cleansing,  lighting,  and  improv- 
"  ing  the  same;  "  and  "  The  General  Police  and  Im- 
"  provement  (Scotland)  Act,  1862,"  and  any  Acts 
amending  the  same: 

(c)  As  regards  Ireland,  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the  third  and 

fourth  years  of  the  reign  of  Jler  present  Majesty,  chapter 
one  hundred  and  eight,  intituled  "  An  Act  for  the  Regu- 
"  lation  of  Municipal  Corporations  in  Ireland,"  the  Act 
of  the  ninth  year  of  G-eorge  the  Fourth,  chapter  eighty- 
two,  The  Towns  Improvement  (Ireland)  Act,  1854,  and 
every  local  and  personal  Act  providing  for  the  election 
of  commissioners  in  any  towns  or  places  for  purposes 
similar  to  the  purposes  of  the  said  Acts. 
The  expression  "  municipal  election  "  means — 
(a)  As  regards  England,  an  election  of  any  person  to  serve  the 
office  of  councillor,  auditor,  or  assessor  of  any  municipal 


682  APPENDIX  III. 

borough,  or  of  councillor  for  a  ward  of  a  municipal 
borough;  and 

(b)  As  regards  Scotland,  an  election  of  any  person  to  serve 

the  office  of  councillor  or  commissioner  of  any  muni- 
•   cipal  borough,  or  of  a  ward  or  district  of  any  municipal 
borough: 

(c)  As  regards  Ireland,  an  election  of  any  person  to  serve  the 

office  of  alderman,  councillor,  commissioner,  municipal 
commissioner,  town  commissioner,  township  commis- 
sioner, or  assessor  of  any  municipal  borough. 

30.  Application  of  Act. — This  Act  shall  apply  to  any  parlia- 
mentary or   municipal   election   which  may   be   held   after  the 
passing  thereof. 

31.  Saving. — Nothing  in  this  Act,  except  Part  III.   thereof, 
shall  apply  to  any  election  for  a  university  or  combination  of 
universities. 


32.  Repeal  of  Acts  in  schedules  (Fourth,  Fifth,   and  Sixth 
Schedules)   to  extent  specified  therein. 

33.  Short  title.— This  Act  may  be  cited  as  The  Ballot  Act, 
1872(2).  .  .  . 


SCHEDULES. 
FIRST  SCHEDULE. 

PART  1. 

RULES  FOR  PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS. 
Election. 

1.  The  returning  officer  shall,  in  the  case  of  a  county  election, 
within  two  days  after  the  day  on  which  he  receives  the  writ,  and 
in  the  case  of  a  borough  election,  on  the  day  on  which  he  receives 
the  writ  or  the  following  day,  give  public  notice,  between  the 
hours  of  nine  in  the  morning  and  four  in  the  afternoon,  of  the 
day  on  which  and  the  place  at  which  he  will  proceed  to  an  election, 
and  of  the  time  appointed  for  the  election,  and  of  the  day  on 
which  the  poll  will  be  taken  in  case  the  election  is  contested, 
and  of  the  time  and  place  at  which  forms  of  nomination  papers 
may  be  obtained,  and  in  the  case  of  a  county  election  shall  send 
one  of  such  notices  by  post  under  cover,  to  the  postmaster  of 
the  principal  post  office  of  each  polling  place  in   the  county, 
endorsed  with  the  words  "  Notice  of  election,"  and  the  same  shall 
be  forwarded  free  of  charge;  and  the  postmaster  receiving  the 
same  shall  forthwith  publish  the  same  in  the  manner  in  which 
post  office  notices  are  usually  published  (a). 

2.  The  day  of  election  shall  be  fixed  by  the  returning  officer  as 
follows;  that  is  to  say,  in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a  county 

(z)  Here  follow  words  repealed  by  present  Act.     See  sect.  47  (1),  p.  337» 
supra,  and  p.  396,  supra. 

(a]  See  sect.  21  (2),  pp.  161,  162,  also  pp.  179,  180,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  683 

or  a  district  borough  not  later  than  the  ninth  day  after  the  day 
on  which  he  receives  the  writ,  with  an  interval  of  not  less  than 
three  clear  days  between  the  day  on  which  he  gives  the  notice  and 
the  day  of  election ;  and  in  the  case  of  an  election  for  any  borough 
other  than  a  district  borough  not  later  than  the  fourth  day 
after  the  day  on  which  he  receives  the  writ,  with  an  interval 
of  not  less  than  two  clear  days  between  the  day  on  which  he  gives 
the  notice  and  the  day  of  election  (6). 

3.  [Repealed  by  sect.   47   (1)   of  the  present  Act  (c).j 

4.  The  time  appointed  for  the  election  shall  be  such  two  hours 
between  the  hours  of  ten  in  the  forenoon  and  three  in  the  after- 
noon  as   may  be   appointed  by   the   returning  officer,  and  the 
returning  officer  shall  attend  during  those  two  hours  and  for 
one  hour  after  (c£). 

5.  Each  candidate  shall  be  nominated  by  a  separate  nomination 
paper,  but  the  same  electors  or  any  of  them  may  subscribe  as 
many  nomination  papers   as  there   are  vacancies   to   be   filled, 
but  no  more  (e). 

6.  Each  candidate  shall  be  described  in  the  nomination  paper 
in  such  manner  as  in  the  opinion  of  the  returning  officer  is 
calculated  to  sufficiently  identify  such  candidate;  the  description 
shall  include  his  names,  his  abode,  and  his  rank,  profession,  or 
calling,  and  his  surname  shall  come  first  in  the  list  of  his  names. 
No  objection  to  a  nomination  paper  on  the  ground  of  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  candidate  therein  being  insufficient,  or  not  being  in 
compliance  with  this  rule,   shall  be   allowed  or   deemed   valid, 
unless  such  objection  is  made  by  the  returning  officer,  or  by 
some   other  person,   at  or  immediately   after   the   time   of  the 
delivery  of  the  nomination  paper  (/). 

7.  The  returning  officer  shall  supply  a  form  of  nomination 
paper  to  any  registered  elector  requiring  the  same  during  such 
two  hours  as  the  returning  officer  may  fix,  between  the  hours 
of  ten  in  the  morning  and  two  in  the  afternoon  on  each  day 
intervening  between  the  day  on  which  notice  of  the  election  was 
given  and  the  day  of  election,  and  during  the  time  appointed 
for  the  election;  but  nothing  in  this  Act  shall  render  obligatory 
the  use  of  a  nomination  paper  supplied  by  the  returning  officer, 
so,  however,  that  the  paper  be  in  the  form  prescribed  by  this 
Act(flr). 

8.  The  nomination  papers  shall  be  delivered  to  the  returning 
officer  at  the  place  of  election  during  .the  time  appointed  for  the 
election ;  and  the  candidate  nominated  by  each  nomination  paper, 
and  his  proposer  and  seconder,  and  one  other  person  selected  by 
the  candidate,  and  no  person  other  than  aforesaid,  shall,  except 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  the  returning  officer,  be  entitled  to 

(ft)  See  pp.  179,  180,  supra. 

(c)  See  pp.  337,  396,  supra. 

(d)  See  sect.  26  (1),  p.  207.  supra. 

(e)  See  sect.  33  (2),  pp.  223,  224.  also  pp.  265—269,  supra. 

(f)  Ibid, 
(a)  Ibid. 


€84  APPENDIX  III. 

attend    the    proceedings    during    the    time    appointed    for    the 
election  (/&). 

9.  If  the  election  is  contested  the  returning  officer  shall,  as 
soon  as  practicable  after  adjourning  the  election,   give  public 
notice 'of  the  day  on  which  the  poll  will  be  taken,  and  of  the 
candidates  described  as  in  their  respective  nomination  papers, 
and  of  the  names  of  the  persons  who  subscribed  the  nomination 
paper  of  each  candidate,  and  of  the  order  in  which  the  names  of 
the  candidates  will  be  printed  in  the  ballot  paper,  and,  in  the 
case  of  an  election  for  a  county,  deliver  to  the  postmaster  of 
the  principal  post  office  of  the  town  in  which  is  situate  the  place 
of  election  a  paper,  signed  by  himself,  containing  the  names  of 
the  candidates  nominated,  and  stating  the  day  on  which  the  poll 
is  to  be  taken,  and  the  postmaster  shall  forward  the  information 
contained  in  such  paper  by  telegraph,  free  of  charge,  to  the  several 
postal  telegraph  offices  situate  in  the  county  for  which  the  elec- 
tion is  to  be  held,  and  such  information  shall  be  published  at 
each  such  office  in  the  manner  in  which  post  office  notices  are 
usually  published  (i) . 

10.  If  any  candidate  nominated  during  the  time  appointed  for 
the  election  is  withdrawn  in  pursuance  of  this  Act,  the  returning 
officer  shall  give  public  notice  of  the  name  of  such  candidate,  and 
the  names  of  the  persons  who  subscribed  the  nomination  paper  of 
such  candidate,  as  well  as  of  the  candidates  who  stood  nominated 
or  were  elected  (&). 

11.  The  returning  officer  shall,  on  the  nomination  paper  being 
delivered  to  him,  forthwith  publish  notice  of  the  name  of  the 
person  nominated  as  a  candidate,  and  of  the  names  of  his  pro- 
poser and  seconder,  by  placarding  or  causing  to  be  placarded 
the  names  of  the  candidate  and  his  proposer  and  seconder  in  a 
conspicuous  position  outside  the  building  in  which  the  room  is 
situate  appointed  for  the  election  (7). 

12.  A  person  shall  not  be  entitled  to  have  his  name  inserted  in 
any  ballot  paper  as  a  candidate  unless  he  has  been  nominated  in 
manner  provided  by  this  Act,  and  every  person  whose  nomina- . 
tion  paper  has  been  delivered  to  the  returning  officer  during  the 
time  appointed  for  the  election  shall  be  deemed  to  have  been 
nominated  in  manner  provided  by  this  Act,  unless  objection  be 
made  to  his  nomination  paper  by  the  returning  officer  or  some 
other  person  before  the  expiration  of  the  time  appointed  for  the 
election  or  within  one  hour  afterwards  (m). 

13.  The  returning  officer  shall  decide  on  the  validity  of  every 
objection  made  to  a  nomination  paper,  and  his  decision,  if  dis- 
allowing the  objection,  shall  be  final;  but  if  allowing  the  same, 
shall  be  subject  to  reversal  on  petition  questioning  the  election 
or  return  (n). 

(Ji)  See  sect.  33  (2),  pp.  223,  224,  also  pp.  265—269,  supra. 

(i)  Ibid.,  also  p.  179. 

(k)  Ibid.,  also  p.  208,  supra. 

(1}  Ibid. 

(m)  Ibid. 

(»)  Ibid. 


BALLOT  ACT,   1872.  685 


The  Poll. 

14.  The  poll  shall  take  place  on  such  day  as  the  returning 
officer  may  appoint,  not  being  in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a 
county  or  a  district  borough  less  than  two  nor  more  than  six 
clear  days,  and  not  being  in  the  case  of  an  election  for  a  borough 
other  than  a  district  borough  more  than  three  clear  days  after 
the  day  fixed  for  the  election  (o). 

15.  At  every  polling  place  the  returning  officer  shall  provide  a 
sufficient  number  of  polling  stations  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  electors  entitled  to  vote  at  such  polling  place,   and  shall 
distribute  the  polling  stations  amongst  those  electors  in   such 
manner  as  he  thinks  most  convenient,  provided  that  in  a  district 
borough  there  shall  be  at  least  one  polling  station  at  each  con- 
tributory place  of  such  borough  (p). 

16.  Each  polling  station  shall  be  furnished  with  such  number 
of  compartments,  in   which  the  voters  can   mark    their    votes 
screened  from  observation,  as  the  returning  officer  thinks  neces- 
sary, so  that  at  least  one  compartment  be  provided  for  every 
one  hundred  and  fifty  electors  entitled  to  vote  at  such  polling 
station. 

17.  A  separate  room  or  separate  booth  may  contain  a  separate 
polling  station,  or  several  polling  stations  may  be  constructed  in 
the  same  room  or  booth. 

18.  No  person  shall  be  admitted  to  vote  at  any  polling  station 
except  the  one  allotted  to  him  (g). 

19.  The  returning  officer  shall  give  public  notice  of  the  situa- 
tion of  polling  stations  and  the  description  of  voters  entitled 
to  vote  at  each  station,  and  of  the  mode  in  which  electors  are  to 
vote. 

20.  The  returning  officer  shall  provide  each  polling   station 
with  materials  for  voters  to  mark  the  ballot  papers,  with  instru- 
ments for  stamping  thereon  the  official  mark,  and  with  copies  of 
the  register  of  voters,  or  such  part   thereof  as    contains    the 
names    of   the  voters  allotted  to  vote  at  such  station.     He  shall 
keep  the  official  mark  secret,  and  an  interval  of  not  less  than 
seven  y^ears  shall  intervene  between  the  use  of  the  same  official 
mark  at  elections  for  the  same  county  or  borough. 

21.  The  returning  officer  shall  appoint  a  presiding  officer  to 
preside  at  each  station,  and  the  officer  so  appointed  shall  keep 
order  at  his  station,  shall  regulate  the  number  of  electors  to  be 
admitted  at  a  time,  and  shall  exclude  all  other  persons  except 
the  clerks,  the  agents  of  the  candidates,  and  the  constables  on 
duty. 

22.  Every  ballot  paper  shall  contain  a  list  of  the  candidates 
described  as  in  their  respective  nomination  papers,  and  arranged 
alphabetically  in  the  order  of  their  surnames,  and  (if  there  are 
two  or  more  candidates  with  the  same  surname)  of  their  other 

(o)  See  sect.  21,  pp.  161,  162,  also  pp.  162,  163,  179,  180,  supra, 
(p)  See  sect.  24,  pp.  203,  204,  supra. 
(q)  Ibid. 


686  APPENDIX  III. 

name*:  it  shall  be  in  the  form  (r)  set  forth  in  the  Second  Schedule 
to  this  Act  or  as  near  thereto  as  circumstances  admit,  and  shall 
be  capable  of  being  folded  up. 

23.  Every  ballot  box  shall  be  so  constructed  that  the  ballot 
papers  can  be  introduced  therein,  but  cannot  be  withdrawn  there- 
from, without  the  box  being  unlocked.     The  presiding  officer  at 
any  polling  station,  just  before  the  commencement  of  the  poll, 
shall  show  the  ballot  box  empty  to  such  persons,  if  any,  as  may 
be  present  in  such  station,  so  that  they  may  see  that  it  is  empty, 
and  shall  then  lock  it  up,  and  place  his  seal  upon  it  in  such 
manner  as  to  prevent  its  being  opened  without  breaking  such 
seal,  and  shall  place  it  in  his  view  for  the  receipt  of  ballot  papers 
and  keep  it  so  locked  and  sealed. 

24.  Immediately   before   a    ballot   paper   is    delivered    to   an 
elector  it  shall  be  marked  on  both  sides  with  the  official  mark, 
either  stamped  or  perforated,  and  the  number,  name,  and  descrip- 
tion of  the  elector  as  stated  in  the  copy  of  the  register  shall  be 
called  out,  and  the  number  of  such  elector  shall  be  marked  on 
the  counterfoil,  and  a  mark  shall  be  placed  in  the  register  against 
the  number  of  the  elector,  to  denote  that  he  has  received  a  ballot 
paper,  but  without  showing  the  particular  ballot  paper  which 
he  has  received. 

25.  The  elector,  on 'receiving  the  ballot  paper,  shall  forthwith 
proceed  into  one  of  the  compartments  in  the  polling  station,  and 
there  mark  his  paper,  and  fold  it  up  so  as  to  conceal  his  vote, 
and  shall  then  put  his  ballot  paper,  so  folded  up,  into  the  ballot 
box;    he   shall   vote  without  undue  delay,    and   shall   quit  the 
polling  station  as  soon  as  he  has  put  his  ballot  paper  into  the 
ballot  box. 

26.  The  presiding  officer,  on  the  application  of  any  voter  who 
is  incapacitated  by  blindness  or  other  physical  cause  from  voting 
in  manner  prescribed  in  this  Act,  or   (if  the  poll  be  taken  on 
Saturday)  of  any  voter  who  declares  that  he  is  of  the  Jewish 
persuasion,  and  objects  on  religious  grounds  to  vote  in  manner 
prescribed  by  this  Act,  or  of  any  voter  who  makes  such  a  declara- 
tion as  herein-after  mentioned  that  he  is  unable  to  read,  .shall, 
in  the  presence  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates,  cause  the  vote  of 
such  voter  to  be  marked  on  a  ballot  paper  in  manner  directed  by 
such  voter,  and  the  ballot  paper  to  be  placed  in  the  ballot  box, 
and  the  name  and  number  on  the  register  of  voters  of  every 
voter  whose  vote  is  marked  in  pursuance  of  this  rule,  and  the 
reason  why  it  is  so  marked,  shall  be  entered  on  a  list  in  this 
Act  called  "  the  list  of  votes  marked  by  the  presiding  officer." 

The  said  declaration,  in  this  Act  referred  to  as  "  the  declara- 
tion of  inability  to  read,"  shall  be  made  by  the  voter  at  the  time 
of  polling,  before  the  presiding  officer,  who  shall  attest  it  in  the 
form  herein-after  mentioned,  and  no  fee,  stamp,  or  other  pay- 
ment shall  be  charged  in  respect  of  such  declaration,  and  the 
said  declaration  shall  be  given  to  the  presiding  officer  at  the 
time  of  voting. 

27.  If  a  person,  representing  himself  to  be  a  particular  elector 
named  on  the  register,  applies  for  a  ballot  paper  after  another 

(r)  See  p.  698,  f «/»•*. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  687 

person  has  voted  as  such  elector,  the  applicant  shall,  upon  duly 
answering  the  questions  and  taking  the  oath  permitted  by  law 
to  be  asked  of  and  to  be  administered  to  voters  at  the  time  of 
polling,  be  entitled  to  mark  a  ballot  paper  in  the  same  manner 
as  any  other  voter,  but  the  ballot  paper  (in  this  Act  called  a 
tendered  ballot  paper)  sljall  be  of  a  colour  differing  from  the 
other  ballot  papers,  and  instead  of  being  put  into  the  ballot  box, 
shall  be  given  to  the  presiding  officer  and  endorsed  by  him 
with  the  name  of  the  voter  and  his  number  in  the  register  of 
voters,  and  set  aside  in  a  separate  packet,  and  shall  not  be 
counted  by  the  returning  officer.  And  the  name  of  the  voter  and 
his  number  on  the  register  shall  be  entered  on  a  list,  in  this  Act 
called  the  tendered  votes  list(/). 

28.  A  voter  who  has  inadvertently  dealt  with  his  ballot  paper 
in  such  manner  that  it  cannot  be  conveniently  used  as  a  ballot 
paper,   may,   on   delivering   to   the  presiding   officer    the   ballot 
paper  so  inadvertently  dealt  with,  and  proving  the  fact  of  the 
inadvertence  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  presiding  officer,  obtain 
another  ballot  paper  in  the  place  of  the  ballot  paper  so  delivered 
up   (in  this  Act  called  a  spoilt  ballot  paper),   and  the   spoilt 
ballot  paper  shall  be  immediately  cancelled  (</). 

29.  The  presiding  officer  of  each  station,  as  soon  as  practicable 
after  the  close  of  the  poll,  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  agents  of 
the  candidates,  make  up  into  separate  packets  sealed  with  his 
own  seal  and  the  seals  of  such  agents  of  the  candidates  as  desire 
to  affix  their  seals, — 

(1)  Every  ballot  box  in  use  at  his  station,  unopened  but  with 

the  key  attached;  and 

(2)  The  unused  and  spoilt  ballot  papers,  placed  together;  and 

(3)  The  tendered  ballot  papers;  and 

(4)  The   marked   copies    of   the   register   of   voters,   and  the 

counterfoils  of  the  ballot  papers;  and 

(5)  The  tendered  votes  list,  and  the  list  of  votes  marked  by 

the  presiding  officer,  and  a  statement  of  the  number  of 
the  voters  whose  votes  are  so  marked  by  the  presiding 
officer  under  the  heads  "  physical  incapacity,"  "  Jew-;.'' 
and  "  unable  to  read,"  and  the  declarations  of  inability 
to  read; 
and  shall  deliver  such  packets  to  the  returning  officer 

30.  The  packets  shall  be  accompanied  by  a   statement  made 
by  such  presiding  officer,  showing  the  number  of  ballot  papers 
entrusted  to  him,  and  accounting  for  them  under  the  heads  of 
ballot  papers   in   the  ballot  box,   unused,   spoilt,   and  tendered 
ballot  papers,  which  statement  is  in  this  Act  referred  to  as  the 
ballot  paper  account. 

Counting  Votes. 

31.  The  candidates  may  respectively  appoint  agents  to  attend 
the  counting  of  the  votes  (A). 

(/)  See  sect.  22  (1)  (c),  pp.  164,  165,  supra. 

(ff)  See  sect.  27  (2),  pp.  209,  210,  supra. 

(h]  See  sect.  23  (2),  p.  173,  also  p.  182,  supra. 


688  APPENDIX  III. 

32.  The  returning  officer  shall  make  arrangements  for  counting 
the  votes  in  the  presence  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates  as  scon 
as  practicable  after  the  close  of  the  poll,  and  shall  give  to  the 
agents  of  the  candidates  appointed  to  attend  at  the  counting  of 
the  votes  notice  in  writing  of  the  time  and  place  at  which  he  will 
begin  to  count  the  same  (i) . 

33.  The  returning  officer,  his  assistants  and  clerks,   and  the 
agents  of  the  candidates,  and  no  other  person,  except  with  the 
sanction  of  the  returning  officer,  may  be  present  at  the  counting 
of  the  votes  (&)• 

34.  Before  the  returning  officer  proceeds  to  count  the  votes,  he 
shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates,  open  each 
ballot  box,  and,  taking  out  the  papers  therein,  shall  count  and 
record  the  number  thereof,  and  then  mix  together  the  whole  of 
the  ballot  papers  contained  in  the  ballot  boxes.     The  returning 
officer,  while  counting  and  recording  the  number  of  ballot  papers 
and  counting  the  votes,  shall  keep  the  ballot  papers  with  their 
faoes  .upwards,  and  take  all  proper  precautions  for  preventing 
any  person  from  seeing  the  numbers  printed  on  the  backs  of  such 
papers  (Z). 

35.  The  returning  officer  shall,  so  far  as  practicable,  proceed 
continuously  with  counting  the  votes,  allowing  only   time   for 
refreshment,  and  excluding  (except  so  far  as  he  and  the  agents 
otherwise  -agree)  the  hours  between  seven  o'clock  at  night  and 
nine  o'clock  on  the  succeeding  morning.     During  the  excluded 
time  the  returning  officer  shall  place  the  ballot  papers  and  other 
documents  relating  to  the  election  under  his  own  seal  and  the 
seals  of  such  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates  as  desire  to  affix  their 
seals,  and  shall  otherwise  take  proper  precautions  for  the  security 
of  such  papers  and  documents  (ra). 

36.  The   returning  officer   shall  endorse   "  rejected "   on    any 
ballot  paper  which  he  may  reject  as  invalid,  and  shall  add  to  the 
endorsement  "  rejection  objected  to,"  if  an  objection  be  in  fact 
made  by  any  agent  to  his  decision.     The  returning  officer  shall 
report  to  the  Olerk  of  the  Grown  in  Chancery  the  numbers  of 
ballot  papers  rejected  and  not  counted  by  him  under  the  several 
heads  of — 

1)  Want  of  official  mark; 

2)  Voting  for  more  candidates  than  entitled  to; 

(3)  Writing  or  mark  by  which  voter  could  be  identified; 

(4)  Unmarked  or  void  for  uncertainty; 

and  shall  on  request  allow  any  agents  of  the  candidates,  before 
such  report  is  sent,  to  copy  it  (n). 

37.  Upon  the  completion  of  the  counting,  the  returning  officer 
shall  seal  up  in  separate  packets  the  counted  and  rejected  ballot 
papers.     He  shall  not  open  the  sealed  packet  of  tendered  ballot 
papers  or  marked  copy  of  the  register  of  voters  and  counterfoils, 

(i)  See  sect.  23  (2),  p.  173,  also  p.  182,  supra. 

(k)  Ibid. 

(1}  Ibid. 

(m]  Ibid. 

(n)  See  sect.  23  (2),  p.  173,.  also  pp.  182— 200,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,   1872.  689 

but  shall  proceed,  in  the  presence  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates, 
to  verify  the  ballot  paper  account  given  by  each  presiding  officer 
by  comparing  it  with  the  number  of  ballot  papers  recorded  by  him 
as  aforesaid,  and  the  unused  and  spoilt  ballot  papers  in  his 
possession  and  the  tendered  votes  list,  and  shall  reseal  each  sealed 
packet  after  examination.  The  returning  officer  shall  report  to 
the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  the  result  of  such  verifi- 
cation, and  shall,  on  request,  allow  any  agents  of  the  candidates, 
before  such  report  is  sent,  to  copy  it  (0). 

38.  Lastly,  the  returning  officer  shall  forward  to  the  Clerk  of 
the  Crown  in  Chancery  (in  manner  in  which  the  poll  books  are 
by  any  existing  enactment  required  to  be  forwarded  to  such  clerk, 
or  as  near  thereto  as  circumstances  admit)   all  the  packets  of 
ballot  papers  in  his  possession,  together  with  the  said  reports, 
tho  ballot  paper   accounts,   tendered  votes   lists,   lists   of  votes 
marked  by   the   presiding  officer,  statements   relating     thereto, 
declarations  of  inability   to  read,  and  packets  of   counterfoils, 
and  marked  copies  of  registers,  sent  by  each  presiding  officer, 
endorsing  on  each  packet  a  description  of  its  contents  and  the 
date  of  the  election  to  which  they  relate,  and  the  name  of  the 
county  or  borough  for  which  such  election  was  held;    and  the 
term  poll  book   in 'any  such  enactment   shall  be   construed  to 
include  any  document  forwarded  in  pursuance  of  this  rule(o). 

39.  The  Clerk  of  the  Crown  shall  retain  for  a  year  all  docu- 
ments relating  to  an  election  forwarded  to  him  in  pursuance  of 
this  Act  by  a  returning  officer,  and  then,  unless  otherwise  directed 
by  an  order  of  the  House  of  Commons,  or  one  of  Her  Majesty's) 
Superior  Courts,  shall  cause  them  to  be  destroyed. 

40.  No  person  shall  be  allowed  to  inspect  any  rejected  ballot 
papers  in  the  custody  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery, 
except  under  the  order  of  the  House  of  Commons  or  under  the 
order  of  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Superior  Courts,  to  be  granted  by 
such  court  on  being  satisfied  by  evidence  on  oath  that  the  inspec- 
tion or  production  of  such  ballot  papers  is  required  for  the  pur- 
pose of  instituting  or  maintaining  a  prosecution  for  an  offence 
in  relation  to  ballot  papers,  or  for  the  purpose  of  a  petition 
questioning  an  election  or  return;   and  any  such  order  for  the 
inspection  or  production  of  ballot  papers  may  be.  made  subject 
to  such  conditions  as  to  persons,  time,  place,  and  mode  of  inspec- 
tion or  production  as  the  House  or  court  making  the  same  may 
think  expedient,  and  shall  be  obe}^ed  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown 
in  Chancery.     Any  power  given  to  a  Court  by  this  rule  may  be 
exercised  by  any  judge  of  such  court  at  chambers. 

41.  No  person  shall,  except  by  order  of  the  House  of  Commons 
or  any  tribunal  having  cognizance  of  petitions  complaining  of 
undue    returns    or  undue  elections,  open  the  sealed  packet  of 
counterfoils  after  the  same  has  been  once  sealed  up,  or  be  allowed 
to  inspect  any  counted  ballot  papers  in  the  custody  of  the  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  in  Chancery;  such  order  may  be  made  subject  to 
such  conditions  as  to  persons,  time,  place,  and  mode  of  opening 
or  inspection  as  the  House  or  tribunal  making  the  order  may 

(0)  Seo  sect.  23  (2),  p.  173,  also  p.  182.  supra. 

F.  44 


690  APPENDIX  III. 

think  expedient;  provided  that  on  making  and  carrying  into 
effect  any  such  order,  care  shall  be  taken  that  the  mode  in  which 
any  particular  elector  has  voted  shall  not  be  discovered  until 
he  has  been  proved  to  have  voted,  and  his  vote  has  been  declared 
by  a  competent  court  to  be  invalid. 

42.  All  documents  forwarded  by  a  returning  officer  in  pur- 
suance of  this  Act  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery,  other 
than  ballot  papers   and  counterfoils,   shall   be   open   to   public 
inspection  ,at  such  time  and  under  such  regulations  as  may  be 
prescribed  by  the  Clerk  of  the   Crown  in  Chancery,  with  the 
consent  of  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  the  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  shall  supply  copies  of  or  extracts  from  the  said 
documents  to  any  person  demanding  the  same,  on  payment  of 
such  fees  and  subject  to  such  regulations,  as  may  be  sanctioned 
by  the  Treasury. 

43.  Where  an  order  is  made  for  the  production  by  the  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  of  any  document  in  his  possession 
relating  to  any  specified  election,  the  production  by  such  clerk  or 
his  agent  of  the  document  ordered,  in  such  manner  as  may  be 
directed  by  such  order,  or  by  a  rule  of  the  court  having  power 
to  make  such  order,  shall  be  conclusive  evidence  that  soich  docu- 
ment   relates    to    the    specified  election;   and  any  endorsement 
appearing  on  any  packet  of  ballot  papers  produced  by  such  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  or  his  agent  shall  be  evidence  of  such  papers  being 
what  they  are  stated  to  be  by  the  endorsement.     The  production 
from  proper  custody  of  a  ballot  paper  purporting  to  have  been 
used  at  any  election,  and  of  a  counterfoil  marked  with  the  same 
printed  number  and  having  a  number  marked  thereon  in  writing, 
shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  that  the  person  who  voted  by  such 
ballot  paper  was  the  person  who  at  the  time  of  such  election  had 
affixed  to  his  name  in  the  register  of  voters  at  such  election  the 
same  number  as  the  number  written  on  such  counterfoil. 


General  Provisions. 

44.  The  return  of  a  member  or  members  elected  to  serve  in 
Parliament  for  any  county  or  borough  shall  be  made  by  a  cer- 
tificate of  the  names  of  such  member  or  members  under  the  hand 
of  the  returning  officer  endorsed  on  the  writ  of  election  for  such 
county  or  borough,  and  such  certificate  shall  have  effect  and  be 
dealt  with  in  like  manner  as  the  return  under  the  existing  law, 
and  the  returning  officer  may,  if  he  think  fit,  deliver  the  writ 
with  such  certificate  endorsed  to  the  postmaster  of  the  principal 
post  office  of  the  place  of  election,  or  his  deputy,  and  in  that 
case  he  shall  take  a  receipt  from  the  postmaster  or  his  deputy 
for  the  same;    and  such  postmaster  or   his   deputy   shall  then 
forward  the  same  by  the  first  post,  free  of  charge,  under  cover,  to 
the  Clerk  of  the  Crown,  with  the  words  "  Election  Writ  and 
lieturn  "  endorsed  thereon. 

45.  The  returning  officer  shall,  as  soon  as  possible,  give  public 
notice  of  the  names  of  the  candidates  elected,  and,  in  the  case 
of  a  contested  election,  of  the  total  number  of  votes  given  for 
each  candidate,  whether  elected  or  not. 


BALLOT  ACT,   187^.  691 

46.  Where  the  returning  officer  is  required  or  authorised  by 
this  Act  to  give  any  public  notice,  he  shall  carry  such  require- 
ment into  effect  by  advertisements,  placards,  handbills,  or  such 
other  means  as  he  thinks  best  calculated  to  afford  information 
to  the  electors. 

47.  The  returning  officer  may,  if  he  think  fit,  preside  at  any. 
polling   .station,   and   the  provisions  of   this   Act   relating   to  a 
presiding  officer  shall  apply  to  such  returning  officer  with  the 
necessary  modifications  as  to  things  to  be  done  by  the  returning 
officer  to  the  presiding  officer,  or   the   presiding  officer   to  the 
returning  officer. 

48.  In   the   case  of  a   contested   election    for   any   county   or 
borough,  the  returning  officer  may,  in  addition  to  any  clerks, 
appoint  competent  persons  to  assist  him  in  counting  the  votes. 

49.  No  person  shall  be  appointed  by  a  returning  officer  for 
the  .purposes  of  an  election  who  has  been  employed  by  any  other 
person  in  or  about  the  election. 

50.  The  presiding  officer  may  do,  by  the  clerks  appointed  to 
assist  him,  any  act  which  he  is  required  or  authorised  to  do  by 
this  Act  at  a  polling  station  except  ordering  the  arrest,  exclu- 
sion, or  ejection  from  the  polling  station  of  any  person. 

51.  A  candidate  may  himself  undertake  the  duties  which  any 
agent  of  his  if  appointed  might  have  undertaken,  or  may  assist 
his  agent  in  the  performance  of  such  duties,  and  may  be  present 
at  any  place  at  which  his  agent  may,  in  pursuance  of  this  Act, 
attend. 

52.  The    name    and    address   of   every    agent   of   a   candidate 
appointed  to  attend  the  counting  of  the  votes  shall  be  transmitted 
to  the  returning  officer  one  clear  day  at  least  before  the  opening 
of  the  poll ;  and  the  returning  officer  may  refuse  to  admit  to  the 
place  where  the  votes  are  counted  any  agent  whose  name  and 
address  has  not  been  so  transmitted,  notwithstanding  that  his 
appointment  may  be  otherwise  valid,  and  any  notice  required  to 
be  given  to  an  agent  by  the  returning  officer  may  be  delivered 
at  or  sent  by  post  to  such  address. 

53.  If  any  person  appointed  an  agent  by  a  candidate  for  the 
purposes  of  attending  at  the  polling  station  or  at  the  counting 
of  the  votes  dies,  or  becomes  incapable   of  acting  during  the 
time  of  the  election,  the  candidate  may  appoint  another  agent 
in  his  place,  and  shall  forthwith  give  to  the  returning  officer 
notice   in   writing   of   the   name    and    address   of  the   agent  so 
appointed. 

54.  Every  returning  officer,  and  every  officer,  clerk,  or  agent 
authorised  to  attend  at  a  polling  station,  or  at  the  counting  of 
the  votes,  shall,  before  the  opening  of  the  poll,  make  a  statutory 
declaration  of  secrecy,  in  the  presence,  if  he  is  the  returning 
officer,  of  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  if  he  is  any  other  officer 
or  an  agent,  of  a  justice  of  the  peace  or  of  the  returning  officer; 
but  no  such  returning  officer,  officer,  clerk,  or  agent  as  aforesaid 
shall,  save  as  aforesaid,  be  required,  as  such,  to  make  any  declara- 
tion or  take  any  oath  on  the  occasion  of  any  election. 

55.  Where  in  this  Act  any  expressions  are  used  requiring  or 
authorising  or  inferring  that  any  act  or  thing  is  to  be  done  in 
the  presence  of  the  agents  of  the  candidates,  such  expressions 

44(2) 


692  APPENDIX  II f. 

shall  be  deemed  to  refer  to  the  presence  of  such  agents  of  the 
candidates  as  may  be  authorised  to  attend,  and  as  have  in  fact 
attended,  at  the  time  and  place  where  such  act  or  thing  is  being 
done,  -and  the  non-attendance  of  any  agents  or  agent  at  such 
time  and  place  shall  not,  if  such  act  or  thing  be  otherwise  duly 
done,  in  anywise  invalidate  the  act  or  thing  done. 

56.  In  reckoning  time  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act,  Sunday, 
Christmas  day,  Good  Friday,  and  any  day  set  apart  for  a  public 
fast  or  thanksgiving,  shall  be  excluded;   and  where  anything  is 
required  by  this  Act  to  be  done  on  any  day  which  falls  on  the 
above-mentioned  days  such  thing  may  be  done  on  the  next  day, 
unless  it  is  one  of  the  days  excluded  as  above  mentioned. 

57.  In  this  Acte- 

The  expression  "  district  borough  "  means  the  borough  of 
Monmouth  and  any  of  the  boroughs  specified  in  Sche- 
dule E.  to  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the  second  and  third 
years  of  the  reign  of  King  William  the  Fourth,  chapter 
forty-five,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  amend  the  Representa- 
"  tion  of  the  People  in  England  and  Wales  ";  and 

The  expression  "  polling  place  "  means,  in  the  case  of  a 
borough,  such  borough  or  any  part  thereof  in  which  a 
separate  booth  is  required  or  authorised  by  law  to  be 
provided;  and 

The  expression  "  agents  of  the  candidates,"  used  in  relation 
to  a  polling  station,  means  agents  appointed  in  pursuance 
of  section  eighty-five  of  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the 
sixth  and  seventh  years  of  the  reign  of  Her  present 
Majesty,  chapter  eighteen. 

Modifications  in  Application  of  Part  One  of  Schedule  to 
Scotland. 

58.  [Repealed    by   sect.    47    (1)    of    the   present   Act  (a}.'] 

59.  In  Scotland,  the  candidates  may  respectively  appoint  agents 
to  attend  at  the  polling  stations.     The  ballot  papers  and  other 
documents  other  than  the  return  required  to  be  sent  to  and  kept 
by  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery,  shall,  in  Scotland,  be 
kept  by  the  sheriff  clerks  of  the  respective  counties  in  which  the 
returns   (including  those  for  burghs)   are  made,   and  the  pro- 
visions of  this  schedule  relating  thereto  shall  be  construed  as 
if  the  sheriff  clerk  were  substituted  for  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in 
Chancery. 

60.  In  Scotland,  the  term  "  district  borough  "  shall  mean  the 
combined  burghs  and  towns  specified  in  Schedule  E.  of  the  Act 
of  the  session  of  the  second  and  third  years  of  the  reign  of 
King  William  the  Fourth,  chapter  sixty-five,  intituled  "  An  Act 
"  to  amend  the  Representation  of  the  People  in  Scotland;  "  and 
in  Schedule  A.  of  the  Representation  of  the  People  (Scotland) 
Act,  1868. 

61.  The  provisions  of  the  Act  of  the  session  of  the  second  >and 
third  years  of  the  reign  of  King  William  the  Fourth,  chapter 
sixty-five,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  amend  the  Representation  of 
"  the  People  in  Scotland,"  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  fixing 

(a)  See  pp.  337,  396,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  693 

and  announcement  of  the  day  of  election,  the  interval  to  elapse 
between  the  receipt  of  the  writ  and  the  day  of  election,  tha 
period  of  adjournment  for  taking  the  poll  in  the  case  of  Orkney 
and  Shetland,  and  of  the  district  of  burghs  comprising  Kirk- 
wall,  Wick,  Dornoch,  Dingwall,  Tain,  and  Cromarty,  and  to  the 
keeping  open  of  the  poll  for  two  consecutive  days  in  the  case 
of  Orkney  and  Shetland,  shall  remain  in  full  force  and  effect, 
anything  in  this  Act  or  any  other  Act  of  Parliament  now  in 
force  notwithstanding;  but  nothing  herein  contained  shall  be 
construed  to  exclude  Orkney  and  Shetland  or  Orkney  or  Shet- 
land, or  the  said  district  of  burghs,  or  any  of  the  burghs  in  the 
said  district,  from  any  of  the  benefits  and  obligations  of  the  other 
portions  of  this  Act. 

Modifications  in  Application  of  Part  One  of  Schedule  to 
Ireland. 

62.  The  expression  "  Clerk  of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  "  in  this 
schedule  shall  mean,  as  regards  Ireland,  "  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown 
"  and  Hanaper  in  Ireland." 

63.  A  presiding  officer  at  a  polling  station  in  a  county  in  Ire- 
land need  not  be  a  freeholder  of  the  county. 

PART  II, 
RULES  FOR  MUNICIPAL  ELECTIONS. 

64.  In  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  this  schedule  to 
municipal  elections  the  following  modifications  shall  be  made: — 

(a)  The  .expression  "  register  of  voters  "  means  the  burgess 

roll  of  the  burgesses  of  the  borough,  or,  in  the  case  of 
an  election  for  the  ward  of  a  borough,  the  ward  list; 
and  the  mayor  shall  provide  true  copies  of  such  register 
for  each  polling  station: 

(b)  All  ballot  papers  and  other  documents  which,  in  the  case 

of  a  parliamentary  election,  are  forwarded  to  the  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  in  Chancery  shall  be  delivered  to  the  town 
clerk  of  the  municipal  borough  in  which  the  election  is 
held,  and  shall  be  kept  by  him  among  the  records  of 
the  borough;  and  the  provisions  of  part  one  of  this 
^schedule  with  respect  to  the  inspection,  production,  and 
destruction  of  such  ballot  papers  and  documents,  and 
to  the  copies  of  such  documents,  shall  apply  respectively 
to  the  ballot  papers  and  documents  so  in  the  custody  of 
the  town  clerk,  with  these  modifications;  namely, 

(a)  An  order  of  the  county  court  having  jurisdiction 
in  the  borough,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  of  any  tribunal 
in  which  a  municipal  election  is  questioned,   shall  be 
substituted  for  an  order  of  the  House  of  Commons  or 
of  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Superior  Courts;  but  an  appeal 
from  such  county  court  may  be  had  in  like  manner  as 
in  other  cases  in  such  county  court; 

(b)  The  regulations  for  the  inspection  of  documents 
and  the  fees  for  the  supply  of  copies  of  documents  of 
which  copies  are  directed  to  be  supplied,  shall  be  pre- 


694  APPENDIX  III. 

scribed  by  the  council  of  the  borough  with  the  consent 
of  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Principal  Secretaries  of  State; 
and,  subject  as  aforesaid,  the  town  clerk,  in  respect  of 
the  custody  and  destruction  of  the  ballot  papers  and 
other  documents  coming  into  his  possession  in  pursuance 
of  this  Act,  shall  be  subject  to  the  directions  of  the 
council  of  the  borough: 

(c)  Nothing  in  this  schedule  with  respect  to  the  day 
"le  poll  shall  apply  to  a  municipal  election. 


(c) 
of  th( 


Modifications  in  Application  of  Part  11.   of  Schedule  to 
Scotland. 

65.  In  part  two  of  this  schedule  as   applying  to  Scotland — 
The  expression   "  register   of  voters  "  means   the    register, 

list,  or  roll  of  persons  entitled  to  vote  in  a  municipal 
election  made  up  according  to  the  law  for  the  time  being  in 
force. 

The  expression  "  county  court "  means  the  sheriff  court. 

The  expression  "  town  clerk  "  includes  the  clerk  appointed 
by  the  Commissioners  of  Police  under  the  Act  of  the 
session  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  years  of  the  reign 
of  Her  present  Majesty,  chapter  thirty-three,  intituled 
"  An  Act  to  make  more  effectual  provision  for  regulating 
"  the  police  of  towns  and  populous  places  in  Scotland, 
"  and  for  paving,  draining,  cleansing,  lighting,  and  im- 
"  proving  the  same,"  and  of  the  General  Police  and 
Improvement  (Scotland)  Act,  1862. 

Modifications  in  Application  of  Part  II.   of  Schedule  to 
Ireland. 

66.  In  part  two  of  this  schedule  as  applying  to  Ireland — 
The  expression  "  register  of  voters,"  in  addition  to  the  mean- 
ing specified  in  such  part,  means,  in  relation  to  any  muni- 
cipal borough  subject  to  the  provisions  of  a  Local  Act 
requiring  an  annual  revision  of  the  lists  of  voters  at  muni- 
cipal elections,  the  register  of  voters  made  in  conformity 
with  the  said  provisions  of  such  Local  Act,  and  in  relation 
to  municipal  boroughs  to  which  Part  II.    of  the  Local 
Government  (Ireland)  Act,  1871,  applies,  the  list  to  be 
made  under  the  provisions  of  section  twenty-seven  of  the 
said  Act,  and  in  relation  to  other  municipal  boroughs  a 
list  which  the  town  clork  of  every  municipal  borough  is 
hereby  authorised  and  directed  to  make,  in  like  manner 
in  every  respect  as  if  the  provisions  of  the  said  section 
were  applicable  to   and  in  force  within   such  municipal 
borough. 

The  expression  "  county  court "  means  the  Civil  Bill  Court. 

The  expression  "  town  clerk  "  includes  clerk  to  the  commis- 
sioners, municipal  commissioners,  town  commissioners,  or 
township  commissioners  of  any  municipal  borough,  and 
any  person  executing  the  duties  of  such  town  clerk. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872.  695 

The  expression  "  council  of  the  borough  "  includes  commis- 
sioners, municipal  commissioners,  and  town  commissioners 
of  the  town,  and  township  commissioners  of  the  township. 

The  expression  "  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Principal  Secretaries 
of  State  "  means  the  Chief  Secretary  of  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant of  Ireland. 


SECOND  SCHEDULE. 

Note. — The  forms  contained  in  this  schedule,  or  forms  as  nearly 
resembling  the  same  as  circumstances  will  admit,  shall  be  used 
in  all  cases  to  which  they  refer  and  are  applicable,  and  when 
so  used  shall  be  sufficient  in  law. 


Writ  for  a  County  or  Borough  at  a  Parliamentary  Election. 

*  Victoria,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  of  the  United  Kingdom  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  to  the 

f  of  the  county  [or  borough]  of  ,  greeting: 

$  Whereas  by  the  advice-  of  our  Council  we  have  ordered  a 

Parliament  to  be  holden  at  Westminster  on  the  day  of 

next.     We  command  you  that,  notice  of  the  time  and 

place  of  election  being  first  duly  given,  you  do  cause  election 

to  be  made  according  to  law  of  members  [or  a  member] 

to  serve  in  Parliament  for  the  said  county  [or  the  division 

of  the  said  county,  or  the  borough,  or  as  the  case  may  6e]  of 

§  and  that  you  do  cause  the  names  of  such  members  [or 

member]  when  so  elected,  whether  they  [or  he]  be  present  or 

absent,  to  be   certified  to  us,  in  our  Chancery,  without  delay. 

Witness  ourself  at  Westminster,  the  day   of 

in  the  year  of  our  reign,   and  in  the  year  of  our 

Lord  18     . 

Label   or  direction   of    Writ. 

To  the  f  of 

A  writ  of  a  new  election  of  members  [or  member]  for  the 
said  county  [or  division  of  a  county  or  borough,  or  as  the  case 
may  be']. 

Endorsement. 

Received  the  within  writ  on  the  day  of  18     . 

(Signed)      A.  B., 
High  Sheriff  [or  Sheriff,  or  Mayor,  or  as  the  case  may  be]. 

Certificate   endorsed  on  the    Writ. 

I  hereby  certify,  that  the  members  [or  member]  elected  for 
in   pursuance   of   the  within-written   writ,   are   [or  is] 


696  APPENDIX  III. 

A.  B.  of  in  the  county  of  and  0.  D.  of  in 

the  county  of 

(Signed)      A.  B., 
High  Sheriff  \_or  Sheriff,  or  Mayor,  or  as  the  case  may  be"]. 

Note. — A   separate   writ   will   be  issued   for   each    county   as 
denned  for.  the  purposes  of  a  parliamentary  election. 

*  The  name  of  the  Sovereign  may  be  altered  when  necessary. 
t  Insert  "  sheriff  "  or  other  returning  officer. 
J  This  preamble  to  be  omitted  except  iu  ca-e  of  a  general  election. 
§  Except  in  a  general  election,  insert  here  ''in  the  place  of  A.  B., 
deceased,"  or  otherwise,  stating  the  cause  of  vacancy. 


Form  of  Notice  of  Parliamentary  Election. 

The  returning  officer  of  the  of  will,   on  the 

day  of  now  next  ensuing,  between  the  hours  of 

and  ,  proceed  to  the  nomination,  and,  if  there  is 

no  opposition,  to  the  election,  of  a  member  [or  members]  for 

the  said  county  [or  division  of  a  county  or  borough]  at  the          *. 

Forms  of  nomination   paper  may  be  obtained   at  *, 

between  the  hours  of  and  on 

Every  nomination  paper  must  be  signed  by  two  registered 
electors  as  proposer  and  seconder,  and  by  eight  other  registered 
electors  as  assenting  to  the  nomination. 

Every  nomination  paper  must  be  delivered  to  the  returning 
officer  by  the  candidate  proposed,  or  by  his  proposer  and  seconder, 
between  the  said  hours  of  and  on  the  said 

day  of  at  the  said  *. 

Each  candidate  nominated,  and  his  proposer  and  seconder,  and 
one  other  person  selected  by  the  candidate,  and  no  other  persons, 
are  entitled  to  be  admitted  to  the  room. 

In  the  event  of  the  election  being  contested,  the  poll  will 
take  place  on  the  day  of 

(Signed)      A.  B., 

Sheriff  [or  Mayor,  or  as  the  case  may   be]. 
day  of  18     . 

Take  notice,  that  all  persons  who  are  guilty  of  bribery,  treat- 
ing, undue  influence,  personation,  or  other  corrupt  practices  at 
the  said  election  will,  on  conviction  of  such  offence,  be  liable  to 
the  penalties  (u)  mentioned  in  that  behalf  in  "  The  Corrupt  Prac- 
tices Prevention  Act,  1854,"  and  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and  the 
Acts  amending  the  said  Acts. 

*  NOTE. — Insert  depcription  of  pKee  and  room. 


(«)  See  pp.  287     289,  293—294,  supra. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872. 


697 


Form  of  Nomination  Paper  in  Parliamentary  Election, 

We,  the  undersigned  A.  B.  of  in  the  of 

and  0.  D.    of  in  the  of  ,  being  electors  for 

the  of  ,  do  hereby  nominate  the  following  person 

as  a  proper  person  to  serve  as  member  for  the  said  in 

Parliament: 


Surname. 


BROWN 


Other  Names. 


JOHN 


Abode. 


Rank 

Profession,  or 
Occupation . 


52,     George     St.,  i  Merchant. 
Bristol. 


or 

JONES      WILLIAM  DAVID...    High  Elms,  Wilts  \  Esquire. 


or 

MERTON  j  Hon.  GEORGE  TRA-  i  Bwanworth,  Berks  :  Viscount, 
vis,     commonly  i 
called  Viscount. 


SMITH 


or 
HENRY  SYDNEY. 


i  72,  High  St.,  Bath    Attorney. 


(Signed)     A.  B. 
C.D. 

We,  the  undersigned,  being  registered  electors  of  the  , 

do  hereby  assent  to  the  nomination  of  the  above-mentioned  John 
Brown  as  a  proper  person  to  serve  as  member  for  the  said 
in  Parliament. 

(Signed)  E.  F.  of 
G.  H.  of 
I.  J.  of 
K.  L.  of 
M.  N.  of 
O.  P.  of 
Q.  R.  of 
S.  T.  of 

Note. — Where  a  candidate  is  an  Irish  peer,  or  is  commonly 
fcnown  by  some  title,  he  may  be  described  by  his  title  a"s  if  it 
were  his  surname. 

Form  of  Nomination  Paper  in  Municipal  Election. 

Note. — The  form  of  nomination  paper  in  a  municipal  election 
-shall  as  nearly  as  circumstances  admit  be  the  same  as  in  the  case 
•of  a  parliamentary  election. 


698 


APPENDIX  III. 


Counterfoil 
No. 

NOTE: 

The  counter- 
foil is  to  have  a 
number  to  cor- 
respond tvith 
that  on  ihr 
back  of  the 
Ba  lot  Paper. 


Form  of  Ballot  Paper. 
Form  of  Front  of  Ballot  Paper. 


BROWN 

(John  Brown,  of  52,  George  St., 
Bristol ,  merchant. ) 


e*e 
m 


JONES 

(William  David  Jones,  of  High 
Elms,  Wilts,  Esq.) 


MEETON 

(Hon.  George  Travis,  commonly 
called  Viscount  Morton,  of 
Swanworth,  Berks.) 


SMITH 

(Henry  Sydney  Smith,  of  72,  High 
Street,  Bath,  attorney.) 


No. 


Form  of  Back  of  Ballot  Paper. 


Election  for 


18 


county  [or  borough,   or   ward]. 


Note. — The  number  on  the  ballot  paper  is  to  correspond  with 
that  in  the  counterfoil. 


Directions   as   to  printing   Ballot   Paper. 

Nothing  is  to  be  printed  on  the  ballot  paper  except  in  accor- 
dance with  this  schedule. 

The  surname  of  each  candidate,  and  if  there  are  two  or  more 
candidates  of  the  same  surname,  also  the  other  names  of  such 
candidates,  shall  be  printed  in  large  characters,  as  shown  in 
the  form,  and  the  names,  addresses,  and  descriptions,  and  the 
number  on  the  back  of  the  paper,  shall  be  printed  in  small 
characters. 


Form  of  Directions  for  the  Guidance  of  the  Voter  in  voting, 
which  shall  be  printed  in  conspicuous  Characters,  and 
fflacarded  outside  every  Polling  Station  and  in  every  Com- 
partment of  every  Polling  Station. 

The  voter  may  vote  for  candidate 

The  voter  will  go  into  one  of  the  compartments,  and,  with  the 
pencil  provided  in  the  compartment,  place  a  cross  on  the  right- 
hand  side,  opposite  the  name  of  each  candidate  for  whom  he 
votes,  thus  X 


BALLOT  ACT,    1872.  699 

The  voter  will  then  fold  up  the  ballot  paper  so  as  to  show  the 
official  mark  on  the  back,  and  leaving  the  compartment  will, 
without  showing  the  front  of  the  paper  to  any  person,  show  the 
official  mark  on  the  back  to  the  presiding  officer,  and  then,  in  the 
presence  of  the  presiding  officer,  put  the  paper  into  the  ballot  box, 
and  forthwith  quit  the  polling  station. 

If  the  voter  inadvertently  spoils  a  ballot  paper,  he  can  return 
it  to  the  officer,  who  will,  if  satisfied  of  such  inadvertence,  give 
him  another  paper. 


It'  the  voter  votes;  for  more  than  candidate  ,  or  places  any 

mark  on  the  paper  by  which  he  may  be  afterwards  identified,  his 
ballot  paper  will  be  void,  and  will  not  be  counted. 

If  the  voter  takes  a  ballot  paper  out  of  the  polling  station,  or 
deposits  in  the  ballot  box  any  other  paper  than  the  one  given 
him  by  the  officer,  he  will  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  be 
subject  to  imprisonment  for  any  term  not  exceeding  six  months, 
with  or  without  hard  labour. 

Note. — These  directions  shall  be  illustrated  by  examples  of 
the  ballot  paper. 


Form   of  Statutory  Declaration   of   Secrecy. 

I  solemnly  promise  and  declare,  That  I  will  not  at  this  election 
for  do  anything  forbidden  by  section  four  of  The  Ballot 

Act,  1872,  which  has  been  read  to  me. 

Note. — The  section  must  be  read  to  the  declarant  by  the  person 
taking  the  declaration. 


Form   of  Declaration  of  inability   to  read. 

I,  A.  B.,  of              ,  being  numbered  on  the  Register  of 

Voters  for  the  county  [or  borough]  of  ,  do  hereby  declare 
that  I  am  unable  to  read. 

A.  B.,  his  mark. 

day  of 

I,  the  undersigned,  being  the  presiding  officer  for  the 
polling   station   for   the  county  [or  borough]   of  ,   do 

hereby  certify,  that  the  above  declaration,  having  been  first  read 
to  the  above-named  A.  B.,  was  signed  by  him  in  my  presence 
with  his  mark. 

(Signed)  C.D., 

Presiding  officer  for  polling  station  for  the 

county  \_or  borough]  of 
day  of 


700 


APPENDIX  III. 


THIED  SCHEDULE. 

Provisions  of  Eegistration  Acts  referred  to  in  Part  III.  of  the 
foregoing  Act. 


Session  and 
Chapter. 


€  &  7  Viet, 
c.  18. 


Title. 


Part  applied. 


As  to  England. 

An  Act  to  amend  the  law  for  the  Sections  eighty- five  to 
registration  of  persons  entitled  eighty-nine,  both  in- 
to vote,  and  to  define  certain  •  elusive, 
rights  of  voting,  and  to  re- 
gulate certain  proceedings  in 
the  elections  of  members  to 
serve  in  Parliament  for 
England  and  Wales. 


13  &  14  Viet, 
c.  69. 


As  to  Ireland. 
An  Act  to  amend  the  laws  which     Sections  ninety -two  to 


regulate  the  qualification  and 
registration  of  parliamentary 
voters  in  Ireland,  and  to  alter 
the  law  for  rating  immediate 
lessors  of  premises  to  the  poor 
rate  in  certain  boroughs. 


ninety- six,    both    in- 
clusive. 


PARLIAMENTARY    ELECTIONS    (RETURNING 
OFFICERS)  ACT,  1875  (38  &  39  VICT.  c.  84)  (Z). 

An  Act  to  regulate  the  Expenses  and  to  control  the  Charges  of 
Returning  Officers  at  Parliamentary  Elections. 

[13th  August,  1875.] 
[Preamble.] 

1.  Construction  of  Act.— The  Ballot  Act,  1872,   as   modified 
by  this  Act,  and  this  Act  shall  be  construed  as  one  Act. 

This  Act  shall  apply  only  to  parliamentary  elections  (m). 

2.  Payments  to  returning  officers. — The  returning  officer  at 
an  election  shall  be  entitled  to  his  reasonable  charges,  not  exceed- 
ing the  sums  mentioned  in  the  First  Schedule  to  this  Act,  in 
respect  of  services  and  expenses  of  the  several  kinds  mentioned 

(I)  Sects.  2,  3,  4,  5  and  7  of  the  above-mentioned  Act  and  the  schedules 
thereto  are  repealed  by  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act,  except  so  far  as 
those  sections  and  schedules  apply  to  elections  other  than  Parliamentary 
elections.  The  Act  was  made  permanent  by  sect.  3o  of  the  present  Act. 
See  p.  27^,  supra. 

(m)  See  preceding  footnote,  and  see  also  sect.  75  (17),  (18),  (19)  of  the 
Local  Government  Act,  1888,  by  which  some  of  the  provisions  of  the 
Parliamentary  Elections  (Returning  Officers)  Act,  187<%  are  applied  to 
local  government  elections. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  ACT,    187%.  701 

in  the  said  schedule,  which  have  been  properly  rendered  or 
incurred  by  him  for  the  purposes  of  the  election. 

The  amount  of  such  charges  shall  be  paid  by  the  candidates  at 
the  election  in  equal  several  shares,  or  where  there  is  only  one 
candidate,  by  such  candidate.  If  a  candidate  is  nominated  with- 
out his  consent,  the  persons  by  whom  his  nomination  is  subscribed 
shall  be  jointly  and  severally  liable  for  the  share  of  the  charges 
for  which  he  would  be  liable  if  he  were  nominated  with  his 
consent. 

A  returning  officer  shall  not  be  entitled  to  payment  for  any 
other  services  or  expenses,  or  at  any  greater  rates  than  as  in  the 
said  schedule  mentioned,  any  law  or  usage  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding (n}. 

3.  Returning   officer   may   require   deposit   or    security. — The 
returning  officer,  if  he  think  fit,  may,  as  herein-after  provided, 
require  security  to  be  given  for  the  charges  which  may  become 
payable  under  the  provisions  of  this  ,Act  in  respect  of  any  election. 

The  total  amount  of  the  security  which  may  be  required  in 
respect  of  all  the  candidates  at  an  election  shall  not  in  any  case 
exceed  the  sums  prescribed  in  the  Third  Schedule  to  this  Act. 

Where  security  is  required  by  the  returning  officer  it  shall 
be  apportioned  and  given  as  follows;  viz., 

(1)  At  the  end  of  the  two  hours  appointed  for  the  election  the- 

returning  officer  shall  forthwith  declare  the  number  of 
the  candidates  who  then  stand  nominated,  and  shall,  if 
there  be  more  candidates  nominated  than  there  are- 
vacancies  to  be  filled  up,  apportion  equally  among  them 
the  total  amount  of  the  required  security: 

(2)  Within  one  hour  after  the  end  of  the  two  hours  aforesaid., 

security  shall  be  given,  by  or  in  respect  of  each  can- 
didate then  standing  nominated,  for  the  amount  so- 
apportioned  to  him: 

(3)  If  in  the  case  of  any  candidate  security  is  not  given  or 

tendered  as  herein  mentioned,  he  shall  be  deemed  to 
be  withdrawn  within  the  provisions  of  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872: 

(4)  A  tender  of  security  in  respect  of  a  candidate  may  be  made 

by  any  person: 

(5)  Security  may  be  given  by  deposit  of  any  legal  tender  or  of 

notes  of  any  bank  being  commonly  current  in  the  county 
or  borough  for  which  the  election  is  held,  or,  with  the 
consent  of  the  returning  officer,  in  any  other  manner: 

(6)  The  balance  (if  any)  of  a  deposit  beyond  the  amount  to 

which  the  returning  officer  is  entitled'in  respect  of  any 
candidate  shall  be  repaid  to  the  person  or  persons  by 
whom  the  deposit  was  made  (o). 

4.  The  accounts  of  a  returning  officer  may  be  taxed. — Within 
twenty-one  days  after  the  day  on  which  the  return  is  made  of 
the  persons  elected  at  the  election,  the  returning  officer  shall 
transmit  to  every  candidate  or  other  person  from  whom  he  claim? 

(»)  See  note  ()»},  p.  700,  supra. 
(o]  See  note  (;»),  p.  700,  supm. 


APPENDIX  III. 

payment  either  out  of  any  deposit  or  otherwise  of  any  charges 
in  respect  of  the  election,  or  to  the  agent  for  election  expenses 
of  any  such  candidate,  a  detailed  account  showing  the  amounts 
of  all  the  charges  claimed  by  the  returning  officer  in  respect  of 
the  election,  and  the  share  thereof  which  he  claims  from  the 
person  to  whom  the  account  is  transmitted.  He  shall  annex  to 
the  account  a  notice  of  the  place  where  the  vouchers  relating  to 
the  account  may  be  seen,  and  he  shall  at  all  reasonable  times  and 
without  charge  allow  the  person  from  whom  payment  is 
claimed,  or  any  agent  of  such  person,  to  inspect  and  take  copies 
of  the  vouchers. 

The  returning  officer  shall  not  be  entitled  to  any  charges  which 
are  not  duly  included  in  his  account. 

If  the  person  from  whom  payment  is  claimed  objects  to  any 
part  of  the  claim,  he  may,  at  any  time  within  fourteen  days  from 
the  time  when  the  account  is  transmitted  to  him,  apply  to  the 
court  as  defined  in  this  section  for  a  taxation  of  the  account,  and 
the  court  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  tax  the  account  in  such 
manner  and  at  such  time  and  place  as  the  court  thinks  fit,  and 
finally  to  determine  the  amount  payable  to  the  returning  officer 
and  to  give  and  enforce  judgment  for  the  same  as  if  such  judg- 
ment were  a  judgment  in  an  action  in  such  court,  and  with  or 
without  costs  at  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

The  court  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act  shall  be  in  the  city  of 
London  the  Lord  Mayor's  Court,  and  elsewhere  in  England  the 
County  Court,  and  in  Ireland  the  Civil  Bill  Court,  having  juris- 
diction at  the  place  of  nomination  for  the  election  to  which  the 
proceedings  relate. 

The  court  may  depute  any  of  its  powers  or  duties  under  this 
Act  to  the  registrar  or  other  principal  officer  of  the  court. 

Nothing  in  this  section  shall  apply  to  the  charge  of  the  return- 
ing officer  for  publication  of  accounts  of  election  expenses  (p}. 

5.  Claims  against  a  returning  officer. — Every  person  having 
any  claim  against  a  returning  officer  for  work,  labour,  materials, 
services,  or  expenses  in  respect  of  any  contract  made  with  him  by 
-or  on  behalf  of  the  returning  officer  for  the  purposes  of  an  elec- 
tion, except  for  publication  of  accounts  of  election  expenses, 
shall,  within  fourteen  days  after  the  day  on  which  the  return  is 
made  of  the  person  or  persons  elected  at  the  election,  transmit 
to  the  returning  officer  the  detailed  particulars  of  such  claim  in 
writing,  and  the  returning  officer  shall  not  be  liable  in  respect  of 
.anything  which  is  not  duly  stated  in  such  particulars. 

Where  application  is  made  for  taxation  of  the  accounts  of  a 
returning  officer,  he  may  apply  to  the  court  as  defined  in  this  Act 
to  examine  any  claim  transmitted  to  him  by  any  person  in  pur- 
suance of  this  section,  and  the  court  after  notice  given  to  such 
person,  and  after  hearing  him,  and  any  evidence  tendered  by 
him,  may  allow  or  disallow,  or  reduce  the  claim  objected  to,  with 
or  without  costs,  and  the  determination  of  the  court  shall  be  final 
for  all  purposes,  and  as  against  all  persons  (g). 

(p]  See  note  (;»),  p.  700,  supra. 
(q)  See  note  (>»),  p.  700,  supra. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  ACT,   1875.  703 

6.  Use  of  ballot  boxes,  &c.  provided  for  municipal  elections. 
—In  any  case  to  which  the  fourteenth  section  of  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872,  is  applicable,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  returning  officer, 
.so  far  as  is  practicable,  to  make  use  of  ballot  boxes,  fittings, 
and  compartments  provided  for  municipal  or  school  board  elec- 
tions, and  the  court,  upon  taxation  of  his  accounts,  shall  have 
regard  to   the  provisions  of  this   section. 

7.  Notices  to  be  given  by  returning  officers. — There  shall  be 
added  to  every  notice  of  election  to  be  published  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  the  notification  contained  in  the 
Second  Schedule  to  this  Act  with  respect  to  claims  against  return- 
ing officers  (r). 

8.  Saving  of  the  universities. — Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  apply 
to  an  election  for  any  university  or  combination  of  universities. 

10.  Short  title. — This  Act  may  be  cited  for  all  purposes  as 
the  "  Parliamentary  Elections  (Eeturning  Officers)  Act,  1875." 

11.  Not  to  apply  to  Scotland.— This  Act  shall  not  apply  to 
Scotland. 


SCHEDULES  (r). 

FIEST  SCHEDULE. 
CHARGES  OF  RETURNING  OFFICERS. 

The  following  are  the  maximum  charges  to  be  made  by  the 
returning  officer,  but  the  charges  are  in  no  case  to  exceed  the 
sums  actually  and  necessarily  paid  or  payable. 

PART  I.— COUNTIES  AND  DISTRICT  OR  CONTRIBUTORY  BOROUGHS. 

This  Part  of  this  Schedule  applies  to  an  election  for  a  county, 
or  for  either  of  the  boroughs  of  Aylesbury,  Cricklade,  Mon- 
mouth,  East  Retford,  Stroud,  and  New  Shoreham,  or  for 
any  borough  or  burgh  consisting  of  a  combination  of 
separate  boroughs,  burghs,  or  towns. 


For  preparing  and  publishing  the  notice  of 
election. 

For  preparing  and  supplying  the  nomina- 
tion papers. 

For  travelling  to  and  from  the  place  of 
nomination,  or  of  declaring  the  poll  at 
a  contested  election,  per  mile. 

For  hire  or  necessary  fitting  up  of  rooms  or 
buildings  for  polling,  or  damage  or  ex- 
penses by  or  for  use  of  such  rooms  or 
buildings. 


&    s.    d. 
220 

1     1     .0 
0     1     0 


The  necessary  expenses, 
not  exceeding  at  any 
one  polling  station  the 
charge  for  constructing 
and  fitting  a  polling- 
station. 


(r)  See  note  (m),  p.  700,  supra. 


'04 


APPENDIX  III. 


FIRST   SCHEDULE — PART   I. — continued. 


For  constructing  a  polling  station,  with  its  | 
fittings  and  compartments,  in  England,    j 
And  in  Ireland  the  sum  or  sums  pay-  j 
able  under  the  provisions  of  the  13th 
and  14th  Victoria,  chap.  G8,  and  35th 
and  36th  Victoria,  chap.  33. 
In  Ireland   the  returning  officer  shall 
use  a  court  house  where  one  is  avail-  \ 
able    as    a    polling    station,    and    his  I 
maximum  charge  for  using  and  fit-  j 
ting  the  same  shall  in  no  case  ex- 
ceed three  pounds  three  shillings. 
For  each   ballot  box   required  to  be  pur- 
chased. 
For  the  use  of  each  ballot  box,  when  hired. 

For  stationery  at  each  polling  station 

For  printing  and  providing  ballot  papers, 

per  thousand. 
For  each  stamping  instrument 


s.   d. 

1     0 


110 


0    5 

0  10 

1  10 


0  10    0 


For  copies  of  the  register  The     sums     payable    by 

!     statute    for    the   nece^- 


For  each  presiding  officer   

For  one  clerk  at  each  polling  station  where 
not  more  than  500  voters  are  assigned  to 
such  station. 

For  an  additional  clerk  at  a  polling  station 
for  every  number  of  500  voters,  or  frac- 
tion thereof  beyond  the  first  500  assigned 
to  such  polling  station. 

For  every  person  employed  in  counting 
votes,  not  exceeding  six  such  persons 
where  the  number  of  registered  electors 
does  not  exceed  3,000,  and  one  for  every 
additional  2,000  electors. 

For  making  the  return  to  the  clerk  of  the 
Grown. 

For  the  preparation  and  publication  of 
notices  (other  than  the  notice  of  election) . 


For  conveyance  of  ballot  boxes  from  the 
polling  stations  to  the  place  where  the 
ballot  papers  are  to  be  counted,  per  mile. 

For  professional  and  other  assistance  in  and 
about  the  conduct  of  the  election. 


sary  copies. 

330 
1     1     0 


1     1     0 


1     1     0 


1     1     0 

Not  exceeding  for  the 
whole  of  such  notices 
20^.,  and  II.  for  every 
additional  1,000  elec- 
tors above  3,000. 
010 


In  a  contested  election 
not  exceeding  25Z.,  and 
an  additional  31.  for 
every  1,000  registered 
electors  or  fraction 
thereof  above  3,000  and 
up  to  10,000,  and  27.  for 
every  1,000  or  fraction 
thereof  above  10,000. 
In  an  uncontested  elec- 
tion, one  fifth  of  the 
above  sums. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  ACT,  1875.  705 

FIRST   SCHEDULE — PART   I. — continued. 


For  travelling-  expenses  of  presiding  officers 
and  clerks,  per  mile. 

For  services  and  expenses  in  relation  to 
receiving-  and  publishing  accounts  of 
election  expenses,  in  respect  of  each  can- 
didate. 

For  all  other  expenses   


£    s.    d. 
0     1     0 

220 


In  a  contested  election, 
not  exceeding  10/.,  and 
an  additional  II.  for 
every  1,000  electors  or 
fraction  thereof  above 
1,000.  In  an  uncon- 
tested  election,  nil. 


NOTE. — Travelling  expenses  are  not  to  be  allowed  in  the  case 
of  any  person  unless  for  distances  exceeding  two  miles  from  the 
place "at  which  he  resides. 


PART  II.— BOROUGHS. 

This  Part  of  the  Schedule  applies  to  all  boroughs  not  included 
in  Part  I.   of  this  Schedule. 


For  preparing  and  publishing  the  notice  of 
election. 

For  preparing  and  supplying  the  nomina- 
tion papers. 

For  hire  or  necessary  fitting  up  of  rooms 
or  buildings  for  polling,  or  damage  or 
expenses  by  or  for  use  of  such  rooms  or 
buildings. 


In  England,  for  constructing  a  polling 
station,  with  its  fittings  and  compart- 
ments, not  exceeding  two  in  number. 

For  each  compartment  required  to  be  con- 
structed, when  more  than  two  be  used. 

For  the  use  of  each  compartment  hired, 
when  more  than  two  are  used. 

And  in  Ireland,  in  lieu  of  the  charges 
payable  in  respect  of  the  foregoing  last 
three  service?,  the  sum  or  sums  payable 
under  the  provisions  of  13th  and  14th 
Victoria,  chap.  68,  and  35th  and  36th 
Victoria,  chap.  33. 

For  each  ballot  box  required  to  be  pur- 
chased. 

For  the  use  of  each  ballot  box,  when  hired. 

For  stationery  at  each  polling  station  

F. 


£    s.    d. 
220 

110 

The  necessary  expense?, 
not  exceeding  at  any 
one  polling  station  the 
charge  for  constructing 
and  fitting  a  polling 
station. 

770 


110 
050 


1     1    0 

050 
0  10    0 

45 


706  APPENDIX  III. 

FIRST  SCHEDULE — PART  II. — continued. 


For  printing  and  providing  ballot  papers, 
per  thousand. 

For  each  stamping  instrument  

For  copies  of  the  register  


For  each  presiding  officer  

For  one  clerk  at  each  polling  station  where 
not  more  than  500  voters  are  assigned 
to  such  station. 

For  an  additional  clerk  at  a  polling  station 
for  every  number  of  500  voters,  or  frac- 
tion thereof  beyond  the  first  500  assigned 
to  such  station. 

For    every    person    employed    in    counting 
votes,    not    exceeding    six    such    persons 
where  the  number  of  registered  electors  I 
does  not  exceed  3,000,  and  one  for  every  ' 
additional  2,000   electors. 

For  making  the  return  to  the  clerk  of  the 
Crown. 

For  the  preparation  and  publication  of 
notices  (other  than  the  notice  of  election) . 


&r  professional  and  other  assistance  in  and 
about  the  conduct  of  the  election. 


For  services  and  expenses  in  relation  to ! 
receiving  and  publishing  accounts  of  i 
election  expenses,  in  respect  of  each  can-  I 
didate. 

For  all  other  expenses  


,e  x.  <$. 
i  10   o 

0  10     0 

The  sums  payable  by 
statute  for  the  neces- 
sary copies. 

330 

1  1     0 


1     1     0 


110 


110 

Not  exceeding  for  the 
whole  of  such  notices 
10/.,  and  17.  for  every 
additional  1,000  elec- 
tors above  1,000. 

In  a  contested  election, 
not _  exceeding  20?.,  an 
additional  11.  for  every 
1,000  registered  elec- 
tors or  fraction  thereof 
above  1,000  and  up  to 
10,000,  and  17.  addi- 
tional for  every  1,000 
or  fraction  thereof 
above  10,000.  In  an  un- 
contested  election  one 
fifth  of  the  above  sum. 
1  1  0 


Not  exceeding  10/.,  and 
an  additional  17.  for 
every  1,000  electors 
above  the  first  1,000. 


NOTE  to  PARTS  I.  and  II.  of  SCHEDULE  I.— The  above  sums 
are  the  aggregate  charges,  the  amount  of  which  is  to  be  appor- 
tioned among  the  several  candidates  or  other  persons  liable  for 
the  same. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  ACT,   1875.  707 


SECOND  SCHEDULE  O). 

1.  NOTIFICATION  TO  BE  ADDED  TO  THE  NOTICE  OF  ELECTION. 
Take  notice,  that  by  the  Parliamentary  Elections  (Returning 
Officers)  Act,  1875,  it  is  provided  that  every  person  having  any 
claim  against  a  returning  officer  for  work,  labour,  materials, 
services,  or  expenses  in  respect  of  any  contract  made  with  him 
l)y  or  on  behalf  of  the  returning  officer,  for  the  purposes  of  an 
election  (except  for  publications  of  account  of  election  expenses), 
shall,  within  fourteen  days  after  the  day  on  which  the  return  is 
made  of  the  person  or  persons  elected  at  the  election,  transmit 
to  the  returning  officer  the  detailed  particulars  of  such  claim 
in  writing,  and  the  returning  officer  shall  not  be  liable  in  respect 
of  anything  which  is  not  duly  stated  in  such  particulars. 


THIRD  SCHEDULE  O). 

MAXIMUM  AMOUNT  OF  SECURITY  WHICH  MAY  BE  REQUIRED  BY  A 
RETURNING  OFFICER. 


Where    the    registered    electors    do    not    exceed 

1,000. 
Wliere  the  registered  electors  exceed  1,000    but 

do  not  exceed  2,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  2,000    but 

do  not  exceed  4,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  4,000    but 

do  not  exceed  7,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  7,000    but 

do  not  exceed  10,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  10,000   but 

do  not  exceed  15,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  15,000   but 

do  not  exceed  20,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  20,000   but 

do  not  exceed  30,000. 
Where  the  registered  electors  exceed  30,000.... 


County  or 

District  of 

Contributory 

Borous-h. 


150 
200 
275 
400 
550 
700 
800 
900 
1,000 


Borough. 

e 
100 

150 
200 
250 
300 
450 
500 
600 
700 


If  at  the  end  of  the  two  hours  appointed  for  the  election,  not 
more  candidates  stand  nominated  than  there  are  vacancies  to 
be  filled  up,  the  maximum  amount  which  may  be  required  is 
one  fifth  of  the  maximum  according  to  the  above  scale. 

(m)  See  note  (»*),  p.  700,  supra. 


45(2) 


708  APPENDIX  III. 

PARLIAMENTARY     ELECTIONS,  RETURNING 
OFFICERS    EXPENSES    (SCOTLAND)    ACT, 

1878  (41  &  42  VICT.  c.  41)  (w). 

An  Act  to  enable  Returning  Officers  at  Parliamentary  Elections 

in  Scotland   to   require  Security  for   their   Expenses;   and 

otherwise  to  amend  the  Law  of  Scotland  relating  to  such 

Expenses.  [8th  August,  1878.] 

[Preamble. J 

1.  Short  title  and  construction  of  Act. — This  Act  may  be  cited 
for   all   purposes    as   the   Parliamentary    Elections,    Returning 
Officers  Expenses  (Scotland)  Act,  1878,  and  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 
as  modified  by  this  Act,  and  this  Act  shall  be  construed  as  one 
Act. 

2.  Extent  of  Act. — This  Act  shall  extend  to  Scotland  only, 
and  only  to  parliamentary  elections. 

3.  [Repealed   by   sect.   47    (1)    of   the   present   Act(o}.~\ 

4.  Use  of  ballot  boxes,  &c.  provided  for  municipal  elections. 
— In  any  case  to  which  the  fourteenth  section  of  the  Ballot  Act, 
1872,  is  applicable,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  returning  officer, 
so  far  as  is  practicable,  to  make  use  of  ballot  boxes,  fittings, 
and  compartments  provided  for  municipal  or  school  board  elec- 
tions, and  the  court,  upon  taxation  of  his  accounts,  shall  have 
regard  to  the  provisions  of  this  section. 

5.  Saving  of  the  universities. — Nothing  in  this  Act  shall  apply 
to  an  election  for  any  university  or  combination  of  universities. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  AND 
CORRUPT  PRACTICES  ACT,  1880  (43 
VICT.  c.  18)(/?). 

An  Act  to  amend  the  Law  relating  to  the  Conveyance  of  Voters 
to  the  Poll,  and  to  continue  the  Acts  relating  to  the  Pre- 
vention of  Corrupt  Practices  at  Parliamentary  Elections  and 
the  Acts  relating  to  Election  Petitions. 

[24th  March,  1880.] 
[Preamble.] 

1.  Short  title. — This  Act  may  be  cited  as  the  Parliamentary 
Elections  and  Corrupt  Practices  Act,  1880. 

2.  Repeal  of  s.  36  of  30  &  31  Viet.  c.  102,  as  to  payment  of 
expenses  of  conveyance  of  voters. — The  thirty-sixth  section  of 
the  [Representation  of  the  PeopH  Act,  1867,  shall  be  repealed  so 
far  as  concerns  the  conveyance  of  voters  within  any  borough. 

(n)  This  Act  was  made  permanent  by  sect.  35  of  the  Representation  of 
the  People  Act,  1918.  See  p.  278,  supra. 

(o)  See  pp.  337,  397,  supra. 

(p)  This  Act  was  made  permanent  by  sect.  35  of  the  Representation  of 
the  People  Act,  1918.  See  p.  278,  supra. 


CORRUPT  PRACTICES  ACT,   1880. 


'09 


3.  Amendment  of  law  as  to  parliamentary  elections  in  Scot- 
land.— In  all  elections  whatever  of  a  member  or  members  to 
serve  in  Parliament  for  any  county,  division  of  a  county,  or  for 
any  city  or  burgh,  or  district  of  burghs,  in  Scotland,  no  inquiry 
shall  be  permitted  at  the  time  of  polling  as  to  the  right  of  any 
person  to  vote,  except  only  as  follows;   (that  is  to  say,)  that  the 
presiding  officer  or  clerk  appointed  by  the  returning  officer  to 
attend  at  a  polling  station  shall,  if  required  on  behalf  of  any 
candidate,  put  to  any  voter  at  the  time  of  his  tendering  his  vote, 
and  not  afterwards,  the  following  questions,  or  either  of  them: 

1.  Are  you  the  same  person  whose  name  appears  as  A.  B. 

on  the  register  of  voters  now  in  force  for  the  county 
of  [or  for  the  division   of   the  county 

of  ],  or  for  the  city  [or  burgh]  of  ,  or  for 

the  district  of  burghs  [as   the   case  may   &e]? 

2.  Have  you  already  voted,  either  here  or  elsewhere,  at  this 

election  for  the  county  of  [or  for  the 

division  of  the  county  of  ],  or  for  the  city  [or 

burgh]  of  ,  or  for  the  "district  of  burghs 

[as  the  case  fmay  be~]? 

And  if  any  person  shall  wilfully  make  a  false  answer  to  either 
of  the  questions  aforesaid,  he  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  crime 
and  offence  within  the  meaning  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

4.  Continuance  of  Acts. — This  Act  and  the  Acts  mentioned 
in  the  Schedule  to  this  Act,  so  far  as  they  are  unrepealed,  shall 
continue  in  force  until  the  thirty-first  day  of  December  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighty-one,  and   any   enactments 
amending  or  affecting  the  enactments  continued  by  this  Act  shall, 
in  so  far  as  they  are  temporary  in  their  duration,  be  continued 
in  like  manner. 

SCHEDULE . 

ACTS   KEFEKEED   TO. 


Session  and  Chapter. 


Title. 


The  Corrupt  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1854. 

An    Act   to    continue    and    amend    the    Corrupt 


17  &  18  Viet.  c.  102. 

21  &  22  Viet.  c.  87. 

Practices  Prevention  Act,  1854. 
26  &  27  Viet.  c.  29.     ]  An  Act  to  amend  and  continue  the  Law  relating 

to  Corrupt  Practices  at  Elections  of  Members 

of  Parliament. 
31  &  32  Viet.  c.  125.    The  Parliamentary  Elections  Act,  1868. 


32  &  33  Viet.  c.  21. 
34  &  35  Viet.  c.  61. 
42  &  43  Viet.  c.  7.5. 


The  Corrupt  Practices  Commission  Expenses  Act, 

1869. 
The  Election  Commissioners  Expenses  Act,  1871. 

The  Parliamentary  Elections  and  Corrupt  Practices 
Act,  1879. 


710  APPENDIX  III. 

COEEUPT    AND    ILLEGAL    PEACTICES    PEE- 
VENTION  ACT,  1883  (45  &  46  VICT.  c.  51)  (p). 

An    Act    for    the    better    prevention    of    Corrupt    and   Illegal 
Practices  at  Parliamentary  Elections. 

[25th  August,   1883.] 
[Pr  earn  ble.] 

COBBUPT  PRACTICES. 

1.  What  is  treating  (<?). 

2.  What  is  undue  influence  (r). 

3.  What  is  corrupt  practice. — The  expression  "  corrupt  prac- 
tice "  as  used  in  this  Act  means  any  of  the  following  offences; 
namely,  treating  and  undue  influence,  as  denned  by  this  Act, 
and  bribery,  and  personation,  as  denned  by  the  enactments  set 
forth  in  Part  III.  of  the  Third  Schedule  to  this  Act,  and  aiding, 
abetting,  counselling,  and  procuring  the  commission  of  the  offence 
of  {personation,  and  every  offence  which  is   a  corrupt  practice 
within  the  meaning  of  this  Act  shall  be  a  corrupt  practice  within 
the  meaning  of  the  Parliamentary  Elections  Act,  1868. 

4.  Punishment  of  candidate  found,  on  election  petition,  guilty 
personally  of  corrupt  practices. — Where  upon  the   trial   of   an 
election  petition  respecting  an  election  for  a  county  or  borough 
the  election  court,  by  the  report  made  to  the  Speaker  in  pur- 
suance of  section  eleven  of  the  Parliamentary   Elections   Act, 
1868,  reports  that  any  corrupt  practice  other  than  treating  or 
undue   influence  has   been  proved  to  have   been   committed   in 
reference  to  such  election  by  or  with  the  knowledge  and  consent 
of  any  candidate  at  such  election,  or  that  the  offence  of  treating 
or  undue  influence  has  been  proved  to  have  been  committed  in 
reference  to  such  election  by  any  candidate   at  such  election, 
that  candidate  shall  not  be  capable  of  ever  being  elected  to 
or  sitting  in   the  House  of   Commons   for   the   said  county   or 
borough,  and  if  he  has  been  elected,  his  election  shall  be  void; 
and  he  shall  further  be  subject  to  the  same  incapacities  as  if  at 
the  date  of  the  said  report  he  had  been  convicted  on  an  indict- 
ment of  a  corrupt  practice. 

5.  Punishment  of  candidate  found,  on  election  petition,  guilty 
by  agents  of  corrupt  practices. — Upon  the  trial  of  an  election 
petition  respecting  an  election  for  a  county  or  borough,  in  which 
a  charge  is  made  of  any  corrupt  practice  having  been  committed 
in  reference  to  such  election,  the  election  court  shall  report  in 
writing  to  the  Speaker  whether  any  of  the  candidates  at  such 
election  has  been  guilty  by  his  agents  of  any  corrupt  practice 
in  reference  to  such  election;    and  if   the   report   is  that   any 
candidate  at  such  election  has  been  guilty  by  his  agents  of  any 

(p)  This  Act  was  made  permanent  by  sect.  35  of  the  Bepresentation  of 
the  People  Act,  1918.  See  p.  278,  supra. 

(#)  The  definition  of  treating  given  in  this  section  is  set  out  on  pp.  291 
—292,  supra. 

(>•)  The  definition  of  undue  influence  given  in  this  section  is  set  out  on. 
p.  292,  supra. 


CQKRUPT  PRACTICES  ACT,  1883.        711 

corrupt  practice  in  reference  to  such  election,  that  candidate  shall 
not  be  capable  of  being  elected  to  or  sitting  in  the  House  of 
Commons  for  such  county  or  borough  for  seven  years  after  the 
date  of  the  report,  and  if  he  has  been  elected  his  election  shall 
be  void. 

6.  Punishment  of  person  convicted  on  indictment  of  corrupt 
practices  (#•). 

ILLEGAL  PRACTICES  (u). 
[Sects.  7—12.] 

12.  Extension   of   15    &   16   Viet.    c.    57,    respecting    electio'n 
commissioners  to  illegal  practices . 

ILLEGAL  PAYMENT,  EMPLOYMENT,  AND  HIRING  (#). 
[Sects.  13—21.] 

EXCUSE  AND  EXCEPTION  FOR  CORRUPT  OR  ILLEGAL  PRACTICE  on 
ILLEGAL  PAYMENT,  EMPLOYMENT,  OR  HIRING  (y}. 

22.  Report  exonerating  candidate  in  certain  cases  of  corrupt 
and  illegal  \practice  by  agents  (2) . 

23.  Power  of  High  Court  and  election  court  to  except  innocent 
act  from  being  illegal  practice  (a]. 

ELECTION  EXPENSES. 
[Sects.  24—35.] 

24.  Nomination  of  election  agent. — (1)  On  or  before  the  day 
of  nomination  at  an  election,  a  person  shall  be  named  by  or  on 
behalf  of  each  candidate  as  his  agent  for  such  election  (in  this 
Act  referred  to  as  the  election  agent). 

(2)  A    candidate   may   name   himself   as   election  agent,  and 
thereupon  shall,  so  far  as  circumstances  admit,  be  subject  to 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  both  as  a  candidate  and  as  an  election 
agent,  and  any  reference  in  this  Act  to  an  election  agent  shall 
be  construed  to  refer  to  the  candidate  acting  in  his  capacity 
of  election  agent. 

(3)  On  or  before  the  clay  of  nomination  the  name  and  address 
of   the   election   agent  of  each   candidate   shall  be  declared  in 
writing  by  the  candidate  or  some  other  person  on  his  behalf 
to  the  returning  officer,  and  the  returning  officer  shall  forthwith 
give  public  notice  of  the  name  and  address  of  every  election 
agent  so  declared. 

(4)  One  election  agent  only  shall  be  appointed  for  each  can- 
didate, but  the  appointment,  whether  the  election  agent  appointed 

t]  See  pp.  274—27"),  supra,  where  sect.  6  (1),  (3),  (4),  are  set  out,  and 
pp.  287.  288.  where  the  effect  of  sect.  6  (2)  is  given. 
if    Fur  a  list  of  these,  see  pp.  294 — 299,  supra. 

(x)  As  to  what  constitutes  illegal  payment,  employment,  and  hiring- 
respectively,  see  pp.  299—300,  300—301,  and  301—302,  supra,  respectively' 
(7/1  As  to  this,  see  the  Author's  "  Law  of  Parliamentary  Elections  and 
Election  Petitions,"  2nd  ed.,  pp.  178—187. 
{z}    Ititl.  p.  178—181. 
(a    Mid.  p.  181—187. 


712  APPENDIX  III. 

be  the  candidate  himself  or  not,  may  be  revoked,  and  in  the  event 
of  such  revocation  or  his  death,  whether  such  event  is  before, 
during,  or  after  the  election,  then  forthwith  another  election 
agent  shall  be  appointed,  and  his  name  and  address  declared  in 
writing  to  the  returning  officer,  who  shall  forthwith  give  public 
notice  of  the  same. 

25.  Nomination   of  deputy    election   agent   as   sub-agent. 

26.  Office  of  election  agent  and  sub-agent. 

27.  Malting  of  contracts  through  election  agent. 

28.  Payment  of  expenses   through   election  agent. 

29.  Period  for  sending  in  claims  and  making  payments  for 
election  expenses. 

30.  Reference  to   taxation   of   claim  against   candidates. 

31.  Personal   expenses   of    candidate    and    petty    expenses. — 
(1)  The  candidate  at  an  election  may  pay  any  personal  expenses 
incurred  by  him  on  account  of  or  in  connexion  with  or  incidental 
to  such  election  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  one  hundred  pounds, 
but  any  further  personal  expenses  so  incurred  by  him  shall  be 
paid  by  his  election  agent. 

(2)  The  candidate  shall  send  to  the  election  agent  within  the 
time  limited  by  this  Act  for  sending  in  claims  a  written  state- 
ment of  the  amount  of  personal  expenses  paid  as  aforesaid  by 
such  candidate. 

(3)  Any  person  may,  if  so  authorised  in  writing  by  the  election 
agent  of  the  candidate,  pay  any  necessary  expenses  for  stationery, 
postage,  -telegrams,  and  other  petty  expenses,  to  a  total  amount- 
not  exceeding  that  named  in  the  authority,  but  any  excess  above 
the  total  amount  so  named  shall  be  paid  by  the  election  agent. 

(4)  A  statement  of  the  particulars  of  payments  made  by  any 
person  so  authorised  shall  be  sent  to  the  election  agent  within 
the  time  limited  by  this  Act  for  the  sending  in  of  claims,  and 
shall  be  vouched  for  by  a  bill  containing  the  receipt  of  that 
person . 

32.  Remuneration  of  election  agent  .   .   .   . — (1)  So  far  as  cir- 
cumstances admit,  this  Act  shall  apply  to  a  claim  for  his  remu- 
neration by  an  election  agent  and  to  the  payment  thereof  in  like 
manner  as  if  he  were  any  other  creditor,  and  if  any  difference 
arises  respecting  the  amount  of  such  claim  the  claim  shall  be  a 
disputed  claim  within  the  meaning  of  this  Act,  and  be  dealt 
with  accordingly. 

(2)   ...  ($. 

33.  Return     and     declaration  (c)     respecting     election     ex- 
penses (d) . 

34.  Authorised  excuse  for  non-compliance  ivith  provisions  as 
to  return   and  declaration  respecting  election   expenses. 

35.  Publication  of  summary  of  return  of  election  expenses  (d). 

(b)  Repealed  by  the  present  Act.     See  sect.  47  (1),  p.  337.  «/;:r«,  and 
p.  398.  supra. 

(c)  The  effect  of  part  of  this  section  is  given  on  p.  264,  iwprct. 

(d)  As  to  repeal  of  part  of  this  section  by  Ihe  present  Art,  see  i-eet. 
47  (1),  p.  337,  wpra,  and  p.  398,  supra. 


CORRUPT  PRACTICES  ACT,  1883.  713 

DISQUALIFICATION  OF  ELECTORS. 

36.  Prohibition  of  persons  guilty  of  corrupt  or  illegal  prac- 
tices, &c.   from  voting. — Every  person  guilty  of   a  corrupt  or 
illegal  practice  or  of  illegal  employment,  payment,  or  hiring  at 
an  election  is  prohibited  from  voting  at  such  election,  and  if  any 
such  person  votes  his  vote  shall  be  void. 

37.  Prohibition  of  disqualified  persons  from  voting. — Every 
person  who,  in  consequence  of  conviction  or  of  the  report  of  any 
election  court  or  election  commissioners  under  this  Act,  or  under 
the  Corrupt  Practices  (Municipal  Elections)  Act,  1872,  or  under 
Part  IV.  of  the  Municipal  Corporations  Act,  1882,  or  under  any 
other  Act  for  the  time  being  in  force  relating  to  corrupt  practices 
at  an  election  for  any  public  office,  has  become  incapable  of  voting 
at  any  election,  whether  a  parliamentary  election  or  an  election 
to  any  public  office,  is  prohibited  from  voting  at  any  such  election, 
and  his  vote  shall  be  void. 

38.  Hearing  of  person  before  he  is  reported  guilty  of  corrupt 
or  illegal  practice,  and  incapacity  of  person  reported  guilty  (e). 

39.  List   in   register   of  voters   of  persons    incapacitated  for 
voting    by    corrupt   or   illegal   practices. — (1)  The   registration 
officer  in  every  county  and  borough  .shall  annually  make  out  a 
list  [containing  the  names  and  description  of  all  persons  who, 
though  otherwise  qualified  to  vote  at  a  parliamentary  election 
for  such  county  or  borough  respectively,   are  not  capable    of 
voting  by  reason  of  having  after  the  commencement  of  this  Act 
been  found  guilty  of  a  corrupt  or  illegal  practice  on  conviction 
or  by  the  report  of  any  election  court  or  election  commissioners 
whether  under  this  Act,  or  under  Part  IV.  of  the  Municipal  Cor- 
porations Act,  1882,  or  under  any  other  Act  for  the  time  being  in 
force  relating  to  a  parliamentary  election  or  an  election  to  any 
public  office;  and  such  officer  shall  state  in  the  list  (in  this  Act 
referred  to  as  the  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list),  the  offence 
of  which  each  person  has  been  found  guilty. 

(2)  Por  the  purpose  of  making  out  such  list  he  shall  examine 
the  report  of  any  election  court  or  election  commissioners  who 
have  respectively  tried  an  election  petition  or  inquired  into  an 
election  where  the  election  (whether  a  parliamentary  election  or 
an  election  to  any  public  office)  was  held  in  any  of  the  following 
places;  that  is  to  say, 

(a)  if  he  is  the  registration  officer  of  a  county,  in  that  county, 

or  in  any  borough  in  that  county;  and 

(b)  if  he  is  the  registration  officer  of  a  borough,  in  the  county 

in  which  such  borough  is  situate,  or  in  any  borough  in 
that  countjr. 

(3)  (/).-. 

(4)  Any  person  named  in  the  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list 
may  claim  to  have  his  name  omitted  therefrom,  ana  any  person 
entitled  to  object  to  any  list  of  voters  for  the  county  or  "borough 
may  object  to  the  omission  of  the  name  of  any  person  from  such 
list.     Such  claims   and  objections  shall  be   sent  in  within  the 
same  time  and  be  dealt  with  in  like  manner,  and  any  such  objec- 

(e)  For  the  effect  of  part  of  sub- Beet.  (5)  of  this  section,  see  p.  7,  mpi'f. 
(/)  This  sub-section  is  repealed  by  the  present  Act.     See  sect.  47  (1 ;, 
p.  337,  supra,  and  p.  398,  supra. 


714  APPENDIX  III. 

tion  shall  bo  served  on  the  person  referred  to  therein  in  liko 
manner,  as  nearly  as  circumstances  admit,  as  other  claims  and 
objections  under  the  enactments  relating  to  the  registration  of 
parliamentary  electors. 

***** 

(8)  The  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list  shall  be  appended  to 
the  register  of  electors,  and  shall  be  printed  and  published  there- 
with wherever  the  same  is  printed  or  published. 

PROCEEDINGS  ON  ELECTION  PETITION. 
[Sects.  40—44.] 

40.  Time  for  presentation  of  election  petitions  alleging  illegal 
practice. 

41.  Withdrawal  of  election  petition. 

42.  Continuation  of  trial  of  election  petition. 

43.  Attendance  of  Director   of  public  prosecutions   on    trial 
of  election  petition,  and  prosecution  by  him  of  offenders. 

44.  Power  to  election  court  to  order  payment  by  county  or 
borough  or  individual  of  costs  of  election  petition. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

46.  Removal  of  incapacity  on  proof  that  it  was  procured  by 
perjury. 

47.  K)  V-  : 

48.  Conveyance  of  voters  by  sea  in  certain  cases. 

LEGAL  PROCEEDINGS. 

50.  Trial  in  Central  Criminal  Court  of  indictment  for  corrupt 
practice  at  instance   of  Attorney-General. 

51.  Limitation  of  time  for  prosecution  of  offence. 

52.  Persons  charged  with  corrupt  practice  may  be  found  guilty 
of  illegal  practice. 

54.  Prosecution  on  summary  conviction,  and  appeal  to  quarter 
sessions. — (1)  All  offences  under  this  Act  punishable  on  sum- 
mary conviction  may  be  prosecuted  in  manner  provided  by  the 
Summary  Jurisdiction  Acts. 

(2)  A  person  aggrieved  by  a  conviction  by  a  court  of  summary 
jurisdiction  for  an  offence  under  this  Act  may  appeal  to  general 
or  quarter  sessions  against  such  conviction. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  PROVISIONS,  DEFINITIONS,  SAVINGS,  AND  REPEAL. 

59.  Obligation  of  witness  to  answer,  and  certificate  of 
indemnity. 

61.  Breach  of  duty  by,  officer. — (1)  Section  eleven  of  the  Ballot 
Act,  1872,  shall  apply  to  a  returning  officer  or  presiding  officer 
01*  iclcrk  who  is  guilty  of  any  wilful  misfeasance  or  wilful  act 
or  omission  in  contravention  of  this  Act  in  like  manner  as  if  the 
same  were  in  contravention  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

(2)  Section  ninety-seven  of  the  Parliamentary  Registration 
Act,  1843,  shall  apply  to  every  registration  officer  who  is  guilty 
of  any  wilful  misfeasance  or  wilful  act  of  commission  or  omission 

(gr)  This  section  is  repealed  by  the  present  Act.  See  sect.  47  (1), 
p.  337,  supra,  and  p.  398,  supra. 


CORRUPT  PRACTICES  ACT,  1883.        715 

contrary  to  this  Act  in  like  manner  as  if  the  same  were  contrary 
to  the  Parliamentary  Kegistration  Act,  1843. 

62.  Publication  and  service  of  notices. 

63.  Definition  of  candidate,  and  saving  for  persons  nominated 
without  consent. — (1)  In  the  Corrupt  Practices  Prevention  Acts, 
as  amended  by  this  Act,  the  expression  u  candidate  at  an  elec- 
tion '  and  the  expression  "  candidate  "  respectively  mean,  unless 
the  context  otherwise  requires,  any  person  elected  to  serve  in 
Parliament  at  such  election,  and  any  person  who  is  nominated 
as  a  candidate  at  such  election,  or  is  declared  by  himself  or  by 
others  to  be  a  candidate,  on  or  after  the  day  of  the  issue  of  the 
writ  for  such  election,  or  after  the  dissolution  or  vacancy  in 
consequence  of  which  such  writ  has  been  issued; 

(2)  Provided  that  where  a  person  has  been  nominated  as  a 
candidate  or  declared  to  be  a  candidate  by  others,  then — 

(a)  If  he  was  so  nominated  or  declared  without  his  consent, 

nothing  in  this  Act  shall  be  construed  to  impose  any 
liability  on  such  person,  unless  he  has  afterwards  given 
his  assent  to  such  nomination  or  declaration  or  has  been 
elected;  and 

(b)  If  he  was  so  nominated  or  declared,  either  without  his 

consent  or  in  his  absence  and  he  takes  no  part  in  the 
election,  he  may,  if  he  thinks  fit,  make  the  declaration 
respecting  election  expenses  contained  in  the  second  part 
of  the  Second  Schedule  to  this  Act,  and  the  election  agent 
shall,  so  far  as  circumstances  admit,  comply  with  the 
provisions  of  this  Act  with  respect  to  expenses  incurred 
on  account  of  or  in  respect  of  the  conduct  or  manage- 
ment of  the  election  in  like  manner  as  if  the  candidate 
had  been  nominated  or  declared  with  his  consent. 

64.  Genera!  interpretation  of  terms  (h}. 


APPLICATION  OF  ACT  TO  SCOTLAND. 

68  (/O-  This  Act  shall  apply  to  Scotland,  with  the  following 
modifications: 

***** 

The  expression  >;  Summary  Jurisdiction  Acts  "  shall  mean  the 
Summary  Jurisdiction  (Scotland)  Acts  1864  and  1881  and 
any  Acts  amending  the  same. 

(4)  The  jurisdiction  of  the  High  Court  of  Justice  under  this 
Act  shall,  in  Scotland,  be  exercised  by  one  of  the  Divisions  of  the 
Court  of  Session,  or  by  a  judge  of  the  said  court  to  whom  the 
same  may  be  remitted  by  such  division,  and  subject  to  an  appeal 
thereto,  and  the  Court  of  Session  shall  have  power  to  make  Acts 
of  seder  unt  for  the  purposes  of  this  Act. 

(6)  All  offences  under  this  Act  punishable  on  summary  convic- 
tion may  be  prosecuted  in  the  sheriff  court  in  manner  provided 
by  tht.-  Summary  Jurisdiction  Acts,  and  all  necessary  jurisdictions 
are  hereby  conferred  on  sheriffs. 


(/<)  As  to  repeal  of  part  of  this  section,  by  present 
p.  337,  supra,  and  p.  398,  xvpra. 


Act,  see  sect.  47    1), 


716  APPENDIX  III. 

(7)  The  authority  given  by  this  Act  to  the  Director  of  public 
prosecutions  in  England  shall  in  Scotland  be  exercised  by  Her 
Majesty's  advocate,  and  the  reference  to  the  Prosecution  of 
Offences  Act,  1879,  shall  not  apply. 


APPLICATION  OF  ACT  TO  IRELAND. 

69.  Application  of  Act  to  Ireland.  —  This  Act  shall  apply  to 
Ireland,  with  the  following  modifications: 

***** 

(2)  The  expression  "  Summary  Jurisdiction  Acts  "  means,  with 

reference  to  the  Dublin  Metropolitan  Police  District,  the 
Acts  regulating  the  powers  and  duties  of  justices  of  the 
peace  and  of  the  police  in  such  district;  and  with 
reference  to  other  parts  of  Ireland  means  the  Petty 
Sessions  (Ireland)  Act,  1851,  and  any  Acts  amending 
the  said  Act. 

(3)  Section  one  hundred  and  three  of  the  Act  of  the  session 

of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  years  of  the  reign  of 
Her  present  Majesty,  chapter  sixty-nine,  shall  be  sub- 
stituted for  section  ninety-seven  of  the  Parliamentary 
Registration  Act,  1843,  where  reference  is  made  to  that 
section  in  this  Act. 

(4)  The  provision  with  respect  to  the  registration  officer  send- 

ing the  corrupt  and  illegal  practices  list  to  overseers  and 
the  dealing  with  such  list  by  overseers  shall  not  apply, 
and  in  lieu  thereof  it  is  hereby  enacted  that  the  regis- 
tration officer  shall,  after  making  out  such  list,  himself 
publish  the  same(i). 

(5)  The  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature  in  Ireland  shall  be  sub- 

stituted for  the  Supreme  Court  of  Judicature. 

(6)  The  High  Court  of  Justice  in  Ireland  shall  be  substituted 

for  the  High  Court  of  Justice  in  England. 
(8)  The  Attorney-General  for  Ireland  shall  be  substituted  for 
the  Director  of  Public  Prosecutions,  and  the  reference 
to  the  Prosecution  of  the  Offences  Act,  1879,  shall  not 


10)  Any  reference  to  Part  IV.  of  the  Municipal  Corporations 
Act,  1882,  shall  be  construed  to  refer  to  the  Corrupt 
Practices  (Municipal  Elections)  Act,  1872. 

SCHEDULES. 

EIRST  SCHEDULE  (0- 

(i)  For  repeal  in  this  sub-section,  see  sect.  47  (1)  of  the  present  Act, 
p.  337,  supra,  and  p.  398,  supra. 

(k)  This  sub-section  is  repealed  by  present  Act.  See  sect.  47  (1),  p.  337, 
supra,  and  p.  398,  supra. 

(1}  This  schedule,  with  the  substitutions  and  alterations  in  Parts  IV. 
and  V.  introduced  by  sect.  33  (1)  of  the  Representation  of  the  People 
Act,  1918,  is  set  out  on  pp.  224—230,  supra. 


LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  (ELECTIONS)  ACT,  1896.      717 

SECOND  SCHEDULE. 
FORMS  OF  DECLARATIONS  AS  TO  EXPENSES  (ra). 

THIRD  SCHEDULE. 

*****; 

PART  THREE. 

ENACTMENTS  DEFINING  THE  OFFENCES  OF  BRIBERY  (n)   AND 
PERSONATION  (o). 

The  Corrupt  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1854,  17  &  18  Viet.  c.  102, 

ss.   2,  3O). 


LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  (ELECTIONS)  ACT,  1896 
(59  VICT.  c.  !)(». 

An  Act  to  continue  temporarily  certain  Powers  for  the  Removal 
of  Difficulties  at  Elections  under  the  Local  Government 
Act,  1894.  [6th  March,  1896.] 

[Preamble.^ 

1.  Power  of  county  council  to  remove  difficulties. — (1)  If  any 
difficulty  arises  with  respect  to  any  election  of  parish  or  district 
councillors  or  of  guardians,  or  to  the  first  meeting  after  any 
ordinary  election  of  such  councillors  or  guardians,  or  if,  from 
an  election  not  being  held,  or  being  defective,  or  otherwise, 
the  council  or  board  has  not  been  properly  constituted,  the  county 
council  may  by  order  make  any  appointment  or  do  anything 
which  appears  to  them  necessary  or  expedient  for  the  proper 
holding  of  any  such  election  or  meeting,  and  properly  consti- 
tuting the  council  or  board,  and  may,  if  it  appears  to  them  neces- 
sary, direct  the  holding  of  an  election  or  meeting,  and  fix  the 
dates  for  any  such  election  or  meeting. 

(2)  Any  such  order  may  modify  the  provisions  of  the  Local 
Government  Act,  1894,  and  the  enactments  applied  by,  or  rules 
framed  under,  that  Act,  so  far  as  may  appear  to  the  county 
council  necessary  or  expedient  for  carrying  the  order  into  effect. 

(3)  A  county  council  may  delegate  their  powers   under  this 
section  to  a  committee. 

3.  Short  title. — This  Act  may  be  cited  as  the  Local  Govern- 
ment (Elections)  Act,  1896. 

//  As  to  these,  see  the  Author's  "Law  of  Parliamentary  Elections 
and  Election  Petitions,"  2nd  ed.,  pp.  136—139,  339—342. 

(»)  For  definition  of  bribery,  see  pp.  289 — 291,  supra. 

(0}  For  definition  of  personation,  see  pp.  287 — 289,  supra. 

(p]  The  provisions  of  these  sections  are  set  out  on  pp.  289 — 291,  supra. 

(q)  This  Act  was  made  permanent  by  sect.  35  of  the  present  Act.. 
See  p.  278,  supra. 


718  APPENDIX  IV. 

APPENDIX  IV. 

DRAFT  RULES  AS  TO  PROPORTIONAL 
REPRESENTATION. 


COPY  OF  DRAFT  EULES  (a)  PBE8CEIBING  THE 
METHOD  OF  VOTING  AND  TRANSFER- 
RING  AND  COUNTING  VOTES  AT  ANY 
ELECTION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  PRIN- 
CIPLE OF  THE  SINGLE  TRANSFERABLE 
VOTE. 
[Cd.  8768.] 

I.— PARLIAMENT AEY  ELECTIONS   (SINGLE 
TRANSFERABLE  VOTE)  RULES. 

[NOTE. — These  rules  have  been  drawn  in  a  general  form  in 
-order  to  show  the  principles  to  be  followed.  They  will  require 
modification  if  the  single  transferable  vote  is  only  to  be  used  at 
university  elections. ,] 

1.  Conduct  of  election. — At  a  parliamentary 'election,   where 
there  are  two  or  more  members  to  be  elected,  any  election  of  the 
full  number  of  members  shall  be  conducted  in  accordance  with 
the  following  rules,  as  illustrated  in  the  First  Schedule  thereto. 

2.  Method  of  voting. — (1)  Every  elector  shall  have  one  vote 
only. 

(2)  An  elector  in  giving  his  vote — 

(a)  must  place  on  his  ballot  paper  the  figure  1  in  the  square 

opposite  the  name  of  the  candidate  for  whom  he  votes ; 

(b)  may  in  addition  place  on  his  ballot  paper  the  figure  2  or 

the  figures  2  and  3,  or  2,  3,  and  4,  and  so  on  in  the 
squares  opposite  the  names  of  other  candidates  in  the 
order  of  his  preference. 

3.  The  forms  contained  in  the  Second  Schedule  to  these  rules 
shall  be  substituted  for  the  forms  of  front  of  ballot  paper  and 
of  directions  for  the   guidance  of  the   voter   container!   in   the 
Second  Schedule  to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872. 

(a)  These  Draft  Rules  (Parliamentary  Paper  Cd.  8768)  were  presented 
to  Parliament  by  Command  of  His  Majesty  in  1917,  and  although  they 
were  not  made  the  subject  of  an  Order  in  Council,  they  are  valuable  as 
explaining  the  working  of  the  system  of  Proportional  Representation. 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  719 

4.  Invalid  ballot  papers. — A  ballot  paper  shall  be  invalid  on 
which — 

(a)  the  figure  1  is  not  marked;  or 

(b)  the  figure  1  is  set  opposite  the  name  of  more  than  one 

candidate ;   or 

(c)  the  figure  1  and  some  other  figure  is  set  opposite  the 

name  of  the  same  candidate;  or 

(d)  any  mark  is  made  not  authorised  by  the  Ballot  Act,  1872, 

as  modified  by  this  Act. 

4A.  Arrangement  of  ballot  papers. — After  the  ballot  papers 
have  been  mixed,  in  accordance  with  the  rules  contained  in  the 
First  Schedule  of  the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  the  returning  officer 
shall  examine  the  ballot  papers  and,  after  rejecting  any  that  are 
invalid,  shall  arrange  the  remainder  in  parcels  according  to  the 
first  preferences  recorded  for  each  candidate. 

5.  Counting  of  votes. — The  returning  officer  shall  then  count 
the  number  of  papers  in  each  parcel,  and  credit  each  candidate 
with  one  vote  in  respect  of  each  valid  paper  on  which  a  first  pre- 
ference has  been  recorded  for  him,  and  he  shall  ascertain  the  total 
number  of  valid  papers. 

6.  Ascertainment  of  quota. — The  returning  officer  shall  then 
divide  the  total  number  of  valid  papers  by  a  number  exceeding 
by  one  the  number  of  vacancies  to  be  filled,  and  the  result  in- 
<'ivtised  by  one,  disregarding  any  fractional  remainder,  shall  be 
the  number  of  votes  sufficient  to  secure  the  return  of  a  candidate 
(hereinafter  called  the  "quota"). 

7.  Candidates  with  quota  elected. — If  at  any  time  the  number 
of  votes  credited  to  a  candidate  is  equal  to  or  greater  than  the 
quota,  that  candidate  shall  be  declared  elected. 

8.  Transfer  of  surplus. — (1)  If  at  any  time  the   number  of 
votes  credited  to  a  candidate  is  greater  than  the  quota,  the  surplus 
shall  bo  transferred  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this 
rule  to  the  continuing  candidates  indicated  on  the  ballot  papers 
in  the  parcel  of  the  elected  candidate  as  being  next  in  order  of  the 
voters'  preference. 

(2)— (a)  If  the  votes  credited  to  an  elected  candidate  consist  of 
original  votes  only,  the  returning  officer  shall  examine  all  the 
papers  in  the  parcel  of  the  elected  candidate  whose  surplus  is  to 
br>  transferred  and  shall  arrange  the  transferable  papers  in  sub- 
parcels  according  to  the  next  preferences  recorded  thereon. 

(b)  If  the  votes  credited  to  an  elected  candidate  consist  of 
original  and  transferred  votes,  or  of  transferred  votes  only,  the 
returning  officer  shall  examine  the  papers  contained  in  the  sub- 
parcel  last  received  by  the  elected  candidate  and  shall  arrange 
the  transferable  papers  therein  in  further  sub-parcels  according1 
to  the  next  preferences  recorded  thereon. 

(c)  In  either  case  the  returning  officer  shall  make  a  separate 
sub-parcel  of  the  non-transferable  papers  and  shajl   ascertain 
the  number  of  papers  in  each  sub-parcel  of  transferable  papers 
and  in  the  sub-parcel  of  non- transferable  papers. 

(3)  If  the  total  number  of  papers  in  the  sub-parcels  of  trans- 
ferable papers  is  equal  to  or  less  than  the  surplus,  the  returning 
officer  shall  transfer  each  sub-parcel  of  transferable  paper?  to 


720  APPENDIX  IV. 

the  continuing  candidate  indicated  thereon  as  the  voters'  next 
preference. 

(4)  — (a)  If  the  total  number  of  transferable  papers  is  greater 
than  the  surplus,  the  returning  officer  shall  transfer  from  each 
sub-parcel  the  number  of  papers  which  bears  the  same  proportion 
to  the  number  of  papers  in  the  sub-parcel  as  the  surplus  bears  to 
the  total  number  of  transferable  papers. 

(b)  The  number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  from  each  sub- 
parcel  shall  be  ascertained  by  multiplying  the  number  of  papers 
in  the  sub-parcel  by  the  surplus  and  dividing  the  result  by  the 
total  number  of  transferable  papers.    A  note  shall  be  made  of  the 
fractional  parts,  if  any,  of  each  number  so  ascertained. 

(c)  If,  owing  to  the  existence  of  such  fractional  parts,  the 
number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  is  less  than  the  surplus  so 
many  of  these  fractional  parts  taken  in  the  order  of  their  magni- 
tude, beginning  with  the  largest,  as  are  necessary  to  make  the 
total  number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  equal  to  the  surplus, 
shall  be  reckoned  as  of  the  value  of  unity,  and  the  remaining 
fractional  parts  shall  be  ignored. 

(d)  The  particular  papers  to  be  transferred  from  each  sub- 
parcel  shall  be  those  last  filed  in  the  sub-parcel. 

(e)  Each  paper  transferred  shall  be  marked  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  indicate  the  candidate  from  and  to  whom  the  transfer  is 
made . 

(5) — (a)  If  more  than  one  candidate  has  a  surplus,  the  largest 
surplus  shall  be  first  dealt  with. 

(b)  If  two  or  more  candidates  have  each  the  same  surplus, 
regard  shall  be  had  to  the  number  of  original  votes  obtained  by 
each  candidate,  and  the  surplus  of  the  candidate  credited  with 
the  largest  number  of  original  votes  shall  be  first  dealt  with,  and, 
if  the  numbers  of  the  original  votes  are  equal,  the  returning 
officer  shall  decide  which  surplus  he  will  first  deal  with. 

(c)  The  returning  officer  need  not  transfer  the  surplus  of  an 
elected  candidate  when   that  surplus  together  with   any  other 
surplus  not  transferred  does  not  exoeed  the  difference  between 
the  totals  of  the  votes  credited  to  the  two  continuing  candidates 
lowest  on  the  poll. 

9.  Exclusion  of  candidates  lowest  on  the  pvll — (1)  If  at  any 
time  no  candidate  has  a  surplus  (or  when  under  the  preceding 
rule  any  existing  surplus  need  not  be  transferred),  and  one  or 
more  vacancies  remain  unfilled,  the  returning  officer  shall  exclude 
from  the  poll  the  candidate  credited  with  the  lowest  number  of 
votes,  and  shall  examine  all  the  papers  of  that  candidate>  and 
shall  arrange  the  transferable  papers  in  sub-parcels  according 
to  the  next  preferences  recorded  thereon  for  continuing  can- 
didates, and  shall  transfer  each  sub-parcel  to  the  candidate  for 
whom  that  preference  is  recorded. 

(2)  If  the  total  of  the  votes  of  the  two  or  more  candidates 
lowest  on  the  poll,  together  with  any  surplus  votes  not  trans- 
ferred, is  less  than  the  votes  credited  to  the  next  highest  can- 
didate, the  returning  officer  may  in  one  operation  exclude  those 
candidates  from  the  poll  and  transfer  their  votes  in  accordance 
with  the  preceding  regulation. 

(3)  If,  when  a  candidate  has  to  be  excluded  under  this  rule,. 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  721 

two  or  more  candidates  have  each  the  same  number  of  votes  and 
are  lowest  on  the  poll,  regard  shall  be  had  to  the  number  of 
original  votevS  credited  to  each  of  those  candidates,  and  the  can- 
didate with  fewest  original  votes  shall  be  excluded,  and,  where 
the  numbers  of  the  original  votos  are  equal,  regard  shall  bt* 
had  to  the  total  number  of  votes  credited  to  those  candidates 
at  the  first  transfer  at  which  they  had  an  unequal  number  of 
votes,  and  the  candidate  with  the  lowest  number  of  votes  at  that 
transfer  shall  be  excluded,  and,  where  the  numbers  of  votes 
credited  to  those  candidates  were  equal  at  all  transfers,  the 
returning  officer  shall  decide  which  shall  be  excluded. 

10.  Disposal  of  papers  after  any  transfer. — (1)  Whenever  any 
transfer  is  made  under  any  of  the  preceding  rules,  each  sub- 
parcel  of  papers  transferred  shall  be  added  to  the  parcel,  if  any, 
of  papers  of  the  candidate  to  whom  the  transfer  is  made,  and  that 
candidate  shall  be  credited  with  one  vote   in  respect  of  each 
paper  transferred.     Such  papers  as  are  not  transferred  shall  be/ 
set  aside  as  finally  dealt  with,  and  the  votes  given  thereon  shall 
thenceforth  not  be  taken  into  account. 

(2)  If  after  any  transfer  a  candidate  has  a  surplus,  that 
surplus  shall- be  dealt  with  in  accordance  with  and  subject  to  the- 
provisions  contained  in  Rule  5  before  any  other  candidate  is 
excluded . 

11.  Filling  the  last  vacancies. — (1)  When  the  number  of  con- 
tinuing candidates  is  reduced  to  the  number  of  vacancies  remain- 
ing unfilled,  the  continuing  candidates  shall  be  declared  elected. 

(2)  When  only  one  vacancy  remains  unfilled,  and  the  votos 
of  some  one  continuing  candidate  exceed  the  total  of  all  the  votes 
of  the  other  continuing  candidates,  together  with  any  surplus 
not  transferred,  that  candidate  shall  be  declared  elected. 

(3)  When  the  last  vacancies  can  be  filled  under  this  rule,  no 
further  transfer  of  votes  need  be  made. 

12.  Public  notice  of  the  result  o/  'the  election. — The  returning 
officer  shall  record  and  give  public  notice  of  any  transfer  of! 
votes  made  under  these  rules,  and  of  the  total  number  of  votes 
credited  to  each  candidate  after  any  such  transfer,  in  addition 
to  the  particulars  prescribed  by  Rule  45  to  the  First  Schedule 
to  the  Ballot  Act,  1872.    Such  public  notice  may  be  in  accordance 
with  the  form  given  in  the  appendix  to  these  rules. 

13.  Provision  for  recount*..— (1)  Any  candidate  or  his  agent 
may,  at  any  time  during  the  counting  of  the  votes,  either  before 
the"  commencement  or  after  the  completion  of  any  transfer  of 
votes  (whether  surplus  or  otherwise),  request  the  returning  officer 
to  re-examine  and  recount  the  papers  of  all  or  any  candidates  (not 
being  papers  set  aside  at  any  previous  transfer  as  finally  dealt 
with),  and  the  returning  officer  shall  forthwith  re-examine  and 
recount  the  same  accordingly.    The  returning  officer  may  also  at 
his  discretion  recount  votes  either  once  or  more  often  in  any  case 
in  which  he  is  not  satisfied  as  to  the  accuracy  of  any  previous 
count:     Provided  that  nothing  herein  shall  make  it  obligatory, 
on  the  returning  officer  to  recount  the  same  votes  more  than  once. 

(2)  If  upon  an  election  petition — 

(i)  any  ballot  papers  counted  by  the  returning  officer  are 

rejected  as  invalid,  or 
F.  4fi 


722  APPENDIX  IV. 

(ii)  any  ballot  papers  rejected  by  the  returning  officer  are 

declared  valid, 

the  court  may  direct  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  ballot  papers  to 
be  recounted  and  the  result  of  the  election  ascertained  in  accor- 
dance with  those  rules. 

(3)  On  any  recount,  subject  to  such  modifications  as  may  be 
necessary  by  reason  of  any  error  in  the  original  count,  each^ 
paper  shall  take  the  same  course  as  at  the  original  count. 

14.  Determination    of    questions   arising    from    transfers    of 
votes. — (1)  If  any  question  shall  arise  in  relation  to  any  transfer 
of  votes,  the  decision  of  the  returning  officer,  whether  expressed 
or  implied  by  his  acts,  shall  be  final  unless  an  objection  is  made 
by  any  candidate  or  his  agent  before  the  declaration  of  the  poll, 
and  in  that  event  the  decision  of  the  returning  officer  may  be 
reversed  upon  an  election  petition. 

(2)  If  any  decision  of  the  returning  officer  is  so  reversed,  the 
transfer  in  question  and  all  operations  subsequent  thereto  shall 
be  void  and  the  court  shall  direct  what  transfer  is  to  be  made  in 
place  of  the  transfer  in  question,  and  shall  cause  the  subsequent 
operations  to  be  carried  out  and  the  result  of  the  election  to 
be  ascertained  in  accordance  with  these  rules. 

15.  Definitions. — In  these  rules — 

(1)  The  expression  "  continuing  candidate  "  means  any  can- 

didate not  elected  and  not  excluded  from  the  poll : 

(2)  The   expression    "  first   preference "    means    the    figure 

"  1  " ;  the  expression  "  second  preference  "  means  the 
figure  "  2  " ;  and  the  expression  "  third  preference  " 
means  the  figure  "  3,"  set  opposite  the  name  of  any 
candidate,  and  so  on: 

(3)  The  expression    "  transferable  paper  "   means   a  ballot 

paper  on  which  a  second  or  subsequent  preference 
is  recorded  for  a  continuing  candidate: 

(4)  The  expression  "  non-transferable  paper  "  means  a  ballot 

paper  on  which  no  second  or  subsequent  preference 
is  recorded  for  a  continuing  candidate: 

Provided  that  a  paper  shall  be  deemed  to  bo  a  non- 
transferable  paper  in  any  case  in  which — 

(a)  The  names  of  two  or  more  candidates  (whether 
continuing  or  not)  are  marked  with  the  same  figure, 
and  are  next  in  order  of  preference;   or 

(b)  The  name  of  the  candidate  next  in   order  of 
preference  (whether  continuing  or  not)  is  marked — 

(i)  by   a  figure   not  following  consecutively   after 

some  other  figure  on  the  ballot  paper;  or 
(ii)  by  two  or  more  figures: 

(5)  The  expression  "  original  vote  "  in  regard  to  any  can- 

didate means  a  vote  derived  from  a  ballot  paper  on 
which  a  first  preference  is  recorded  for  that  candidate: 

(6)  The  expression    "  transferred   vote  "   in  regard   to    any 

candidate,  means  a  vote  derived  from  a  ballot  paper  on 
which  a  second  or  subsequent  preference  is  recorded 
for  that  candidate: 

(7)  The  expression  "  surplus  "  means  the  number  of  votes 

by  which  the  total  number  of  the  votes,  original  and 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  723 

transferred,  credited   to   any   candidate,  exceeds   the 
quota. 

16.  Construction. — These  rules  shall  be  construed  as  one  with 
the  Ballot  Act,  1872,  and  that  Act  shall,  in  cases  to  which  these 
rules  are  applicable,  have  effect  subject  to  these  rules. 

17.  Short  title.. — These  rules  may  be  cited  as  the  Parliamentary 
Elections  (Single  Transferable  Vote)  Rules,  1917. 


SCHEDULES, 
FIRST  SCHEDULE. 

EXAMPLE  OF  AN  ELECTION  CONDUCTED  ON  THE  SYSTEM  OF  THE 
SINGLE  TRANSFERABLE  VOTE  SET  OUT  ABOVE. 

Let  it  be  assumed  that  there  are  five  members  to  be  elected, 
and  that  there  are  ten  candidates,  A,  B,  0,  D,  E,  P,  Q-,  H,  I,  K. 
Arrangement  of  ballot  ywpers  (Rule  3). — The  ballot  papers 
are  examined,  and  the  valid  papers  are  arranged  in  separate 
parcels  under  the  names  of  the  candidates  marked  with  the 
figure  1. 

Counting  the  votes  (Rule  5). — Each  separate  parcel  is  counted, 
and  each  candidate  is  credited  with  one  vote  in  respect  of  each 
paper  on  which  a  first  preference  has  been  recorded  for  him. 
The  result  of  the  count  may  be  supposed  to  be  as  follows: — 

Votes. 

A  2,009 

B  952 

0  939 

D 746 

E  493 

P  341 

G  157 

H  152 

1    118 

K  .  ....        93 


Total   6,000 

The  Quota. 

Ascertainment  of  quota  (Rule  6). — It  is  found  that  the  total  of 
all  the  valid  votes  is  6,000.  This  total  is  divided  by  six  (i.e.,  the 
number  which  exceeds  by  one  the  number  of  vacancies  to  be 
filled),  and  1,001  (i.e.,  the  quotient  1,000  increased  by  one)  is 
the  "  quota,"  or  the  number  of  votes  sufficient  to  elect  a  member. 

Candidate  with  quota  elected  (Rule  7). — A's  votes  exceed  the 
quota,  and  he  is  declared  elected. 

First  Transfer. 

Transfer  of  surplus  votes  of  elected  candidate  (Rule  8). — A 
has  1,008  surplus  votes  (i.e.,  A's  total  2,009,  less  the  quota 
1,001),  and  it  is  necessary  to  transfer  this  surplus  (Rule  8  (1)). 

46(2) 


'S. 


724  APPENDIX  IV. 

All  A's  2,009  papers  are  examined  and  arranged  in  separate 
sub-parcels  according  to  the  second  preferences  indicated  thereon 
(EuleS  (2)  (a)). 

A  separate  sub-parcel  is  also  formed  of  those  papers  on  which 
no  further  available  preference,  i.e.,  no  further  preference  for 
any  continuing  candidate,  is  shown,  and  which  are  therefore  not 
transferable  (Rule  8  (2)  (c)). 

The  result  is  found  to  be  as  follows:  — 

A  next  available  preference  is  shown  for  D  on  257  papers. 
A  next  available  preference  is  shown  for  E  on  11  papers. 
A  next  available  preference  is  shown  for  3?  on  28  papers. 
A  next  available  preference  is  shown  for  G-  on  1,708  papers. 

Total  of  transferable  papers  ............  2,004  papers 

Total  of  non-transferable  papers  .....          5  papers 

Total  of  A's  papers  .........  2,009 

Proportion  of  papers  to  be  transferred  (Rule  8  (4)  (a)).— 
Since  the  total  number  of  transferable  papers  (2,004)  exceeds  the 
surplus  (1,008),  only  a  portion  of  each  sub-parcel  can  be  trans- 
ferred, and  'the  number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  from  each  sub- 
parcel  must  bear  the  same  proportion  to  the  total  number  of 
papers  in  the  sub-parcel  as  that  which  the  surplus  bears  to  the 
total  number  of  transferable  papers. 

How  numbers  to  be  transferred  are  ascertained  (Eule  8  (4)(b)). 
—  In  other  words,  the  number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  from 
each  sub-parcel  is  ascertained  by  multiplying  the  number  of 
papers  in  the  sub-parcel  by  1,008  (the  surplus),  and  dividing  the 
result  by  2,004  (the  total  number  of  transferable  papers). 

The  process  is  as  follows:  — 

D's  sub-parcel  contains  257  papers,  and  his  share 
of  the  surplus  is,  therefore:  — 

257  X-^008  or  129    ^ 
2,004  2,004 

E's  sub-parcel  contains  11  papers,  and  his  share 
of  the  surplus  is,  therefore:  — 


2,004  2,004 

F's  sub-parcel  contains  28  papers,  and  his  share 
of  the  surplus  is,  therefore:  — 


_ 

2,004  2,004 

G's  sub-parcel  contains  1,708  papers,  and  his  share 
of  the  surplus  is,  therefore:  — 

1,708  X  ^  or  859  JL2* 
2,004  2,004 


Total..  .    1,008 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION   725 

Treatment  of  fractions  in  transferring  surplus  votes  (Rule  8 
(4)  (c)). — The  numbers  of  papers  to  be  transferred  as  deter- 
mined by  the  preceding  process  contain  fractions,  and,  since 
only  whole  papers  can  be  transferred,  so  many  of  the  largest 
of  these  fractions,  taken  in  order  of  their  magnitude,  as  will 
make  the  total  number  of  papers  to  be  transferred  equal  to  the 
surplus  are  reckoned  as  of  the  value  of  unity. 

Thus,  as  the  whole  numbers  determined  above  amount  to  only 

1.007,  viz.,  (129  4-  5  -f-  14  +  859),  or  one  short  of  the  surplus 

1  068 

1.008,  the  largest  fraction  .-      -    is  reckoned  as  unity,  and  the 

2,004 

numbers  of  papers  to  be  transferred  are  as  follows: — 

To  D  129  papers. 

To  E  6  papers. 

To  F  14  papers. 

To  G  859  papers. 

Total,  being  A's  surplus  1,008  papers. 

Selection  and  marking  of  papers  to  be  transferred  (Rule  8 
(4)  (d)  and  (e)). — The  particular  papers  to  be  transferred  to 
D,  E,  F,  and  G  are  those  last  filed  in  their  respective  sub-parcels, 
and,  therefore,  at  the  top  of  the  sub-parcels.  The  papers  to  be 
transferred  are  to  be  marked  so  as  to  indicate  the  candidates  from 
and  to  whom  the  transfer  is  made. 

Disposal  of  papers  after  transfer  (Mule  10  (1)).— These  papers 
are  added  in  separate  sub-parcels  to  the  parcels  of  D,  E,  F, 
and  G. 

The  totals  of  the  votes  credited  to  these  candidates  then 
become: — 

Votes. 

D  746-4-129=    875 

E  493+      6=     499 

F  341+    14=     355 

G  157  +  859  =  1,016 

Quota  of  papers  of  elected  candidate  set  aside  (Rule  10  (1)). 
— The  remainders  of  the  papers  in  the  sub-parcels  (i.e.,  those 
papers  not  transferred),  together  with  the  papers  on  which  no 
further  available  preferences  were  marked,  are  collected  together 
and  formed  into  one  parcel,  representing  A's  quota  of  votes 
(1,001),  and  these  papers  are  set  aside  as  finally  dealt  with.  The 
parcel  is  made  up  as  follows: — 

The  remainder  of  D's  sub-parcel,  257  less  129  =  128 
The  remainder  of  E's  sub-parcel,  11  less  6  =  5 
The  remainder  of  F's  sub-parcel,  28  less  14  =  14 
The  remainder  of  G's  sub-parcel,  1,708  less  859  =  849 
Non-transferable  papers  ...  5 

Total,  being  A's  quota  1,001 


726 


APPENDIX-  IV. 


The  operations  involved  in  this  transfer  are  summarised  in  tha 
following  table:  — 

Transfer  of  A'x  Surplus. 

Surplus     1,008 

Number  of  transferable  papers    2,004 

Proportion  to  be  _  Surplus  __  1,008 

transferred  . . .  ~  Number  of  transferable  papers  ~~  2,004 


Names  of  Candidates  marked  as  the 
next  available  preferences. 


Number  of      Number  of 
Original     ;      Papers 
Papers.        transferred. 


Number  of 

Papers 
retained  for 
A's  quota. 


B 
C 

D 257  129  128 

E 11  6  5 

F 28  14  U 

G- !      1,708  859  849 

H 

I 
K 

Total  number  of  transferable  papers . .       2,004  1 ,008  996 

Number  of  non-transferable  papers  5  5 

Totals 2,009  1,008  1,001 

State  of  pott  after  first  transfer. — The  state  of  the  poll  on 
the  conclusion  of  the  transfer  is  as  follows:  — 

Votes. 

A  1,001  elected. 

G 1,016 

B 952 

0  939 

D 875 

E  499 

F  355 

H 152 

1   118 

K 93 

Total  6,000 


Election  of  candidate  as  a  result  of  transfer  {Rule  7).  —  G  now 
has  1,016  votes,  a  number  which  is  more  than  the  quota.  He 
is  accordingly  declared  elected. 


Second  Transfer. 

Surplus  not  transferred  in  special  case  (Rule  8  (5)  (c)).  — 
G's  surplus  (1,016  less  1,001,  or  15)  would  have  to  be  transferred 
were  it  not  for  the  provision  of  Eule  8  (5)  (c).  Under  the  latter 
rule  the  returning  officer  need  not  transfer  a  surplus  which  is 
less  than  the  difference  between  the  two  lowest  candidates  on 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  72-7 

tho  poll,  and  whore,  therefore,  the  transfer  could  not  alter  the 
relative  position  of  these  two  candidates,  even  if  the  whole  sur- 
plus were  transferred  to  the  lowest  candidate.  In  this  ease  the 
difference  between  1  and  K,  the  two  lowest  candidates,  is  25 
(118  less  93),  and  therefore  G's  surplus  need  not  be  transferred. 

Transfer  of  votes  of  candidate  lowest  on  the  poll  (Rule  9  (1)). 
— The  returning  officer  proceeds  to  distribute  the  papers  of  the 
candidate  with  the  smallest  total  of  votes. 

K's  parcel  of  93  papers  is  therefore  examined.  It  is  found  to 
contain  89  papers  on  which  F  is  the  next  preference,  and  4  on 
which  C  is  the  next  preference. 

Therefore  89  papers  are  transferred  to  F  and  4  to  C. 

State  of  poll  after  second  transfer. — The  poll  now  stands  us 
follows:  — 

Votes. 


A 1,001  elected. 

G  1,016  elected. 

B  952 

C  943 

D  875 

E  .' 499 

F  444 

H 152 

I    .  118 


Total  6,000 


Third  Transfer. 

Transfer  in  special  case  of  the  votes  of  the  two  lowest  can- 
didates in  one  operation  (Rule  9  (2)). — The  poll  shows  that 
as  a  result  of  the  second  transfer  no  further  candidate  obtained 
the  quota  which  would  entitle  him  to  election,  and  the  next 
operation  has  to  be  determined  upon. 

The  difference  between  I  and  H  (152  less  118,  i.e.,  34)  exceeds 
G's  surplus  (15),  which,  therefore,  is  still  allowed  to  remain  un- 
transferred  (Rule  8  (5)  (c)). 

Candidate  I  is  lowest  on  the  poll,  and  his  papers  have  to  be 
distributed  in  the  same  manner  as  K's  (Eule  9  (1)).  But  as 
the  combined  totals  of  H  and  I  together  with  G's  surplus 
(152  L-  118  -\-  15  =  285)  are  less  than  444,  the  total  of  F,  the 
next  highest  candidate,  the  returning  officer  avails  himself  of 
Rule  9  (2),  and  distributes  the  papers  of  both  H  and  I  in  one 
operation . 

The  papers  (152  +  118,  or  270  in  all)  in  the  parcels  of  H  and  I 
are  examined  in  one  operation,  and  it  is  found  that — 
B  is  marked  next  preference  on   119  papers. 
D  is  marked  next  preference  on   107  papers. 
Non-transferable  papers   44  papers. 

Total   270   papers. 


728  APPENDIX  IV. 

It  should  be  stated  that  on  some  papers  some  or  one  of  the 
candidates  A,  G,  I,  H,  and  K  may  have  been  marked  as  next  in 
order  of  preference  on  the  papers  examined,  but,  as  all  these 
candidates  are  already  either  elected  or  excluded,  any  papers  so 
marked  pass  to  those  of  the  other  candidates  for  whom  the  next 
available  preferences  have  been  recorded. 

The  operation  is  completed  by  the  transfer  of  119  papers  to 
B,  and  107  to  D,  whilst  the  44  non-transferable  papers  are  set 
aside  as  finally  dealt  with  (Rule  10  (1)). 

The  poll  now  stands  as  follows:  — 

Votes. 


A  1,001  elected. 

G                         1,016  elected. 

B  1,071 

D  982 

C  943 

E  499 

F  414 

Non-transferable  papers   44 

Total  ..             .  6,000 


Election  of  candidate  as  the  result  of  a  transfer  (Rule  7). — 
B  now  has  1,071  votes,  a  number  which  exceeds  the  quota.  He 
is  accordingly  declared  elected. 

Fourth  Transfer. 

Transfer  of  surplus  votes  arising  from  a  previous  transfer 
(Rule  10  (2)).— B's  surplus  (70)  exceeds  the  difference  (55) 
between  E  and  F,  the  two  candidates  lowest  on  the  poll,  and  it  is, 
therefore,  necessary  to  distribute  it. 

Sub-parcel  of  votes  last  transferred  examined  (Rule  8  (2)  (b)). 
— For  this  purpose,  only  the  sub-parcel  of  papers  last  trans- 
ferred, containing  119  papers,  is  taken  into  account. 

These  are  examined  and  arranged  in  sub-parcels  (in  the  same 
manner  as  A's  papers  were  examined  and  arranged)  with  the 
following  result: — 

A  next  preference  is  shown  for  E  on  84  papers. 
No  further  preference  is  shown  on  35  papers. 

The  total  number  of  transferable  papers  (84)  is  thus  greater 
than  the  surplus  (70),  and  the  proportion  to  be  transferred  is 

—  .  But  there  is  only  one  candidate,  E,  entitled  to  participate 
84 

in  the  transfer.  E  accordingly  receives  the  whole  of  the  surplus 
and  the  70  papers  last  filed  in  E's  sub-parcel  are,  therefore,  trans- 
ferred to  him,  after  being  marked  so  as  to  indicate  their  transfer 
from  B  to  E.  (Eule  5  (4)  (c).) 

The  remainder  of  the  papers  in  E's  sub-parcel,  together  with 
the  non-transferable  papers,  are  placed  with  B's  original  parcel. 
The  whole  constitutes  B's  quota  and  these  papers  are  set  aside 
as  finally  dealt  with  (Rule  10  (1)). 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.       729 

B's  quota  is  made  up  as  follows: — 

Original  parcel  952 

Remainder  of  E's  sub-parcel  14 

Non-transferable  papers    35 

Total 1,001 

State  of  poll  after  fom'th  transfer. — The  poll  now  stands  as 
follows:  — 

Votes. 

A  1,001  elected. 

Gr 1,016  elected. 

B  1,001  elected. 

D  982 

C 943 

E  569 

F  444 

^Non-transferable  papers 44 

Total  ..  .    6,000 


Fifth  Transfer. 

No  candidate  is  elected  as  the  result  of  the  transfer,  and  the 
next  operation  has  to  be  determined  upon. 

G's  surplus  is  still  not  distributable,  being  smaller  than  the 
difference  between  the  totals  of  E  and  F,  the  two  lowest  can- 
didates (Rule  8  (5)  (c)). 

The  votes  of  the  lowest  candidate  distributed  (Rule  9  (1)). — 
F  is  lowest  and  his  papers  have  to  be  distributed. 

On  examination  it  is  found  that  of  F's  444  papers,  353  show 
a  next  preference  for  0,  and  the  remainder,  91,  contain  no 
further  preference. 

The  operation  is  completed  by  the  transfer  of  353  papers  to  0, 
whilst  the  91  non-transferable  papers  are  set  aside  as  finally 
dealt  with  (Rule  10  (1)). 

State  of  poll  after  fifth  transfer. — The  poll  now  stands  as 
iollows:  — 

Votes. 

A 1,001  elected. 

G 1,016  elected. 

B  1,001  elected. 

C  1,296 

D  982 

E  569 

Non-transferable  papers  135 

Total  6,000 


730  APPENDIX  IV. 

Candidate  elected  as  a  result  of  transfer  (Rule  7). — 0  has 
now  1,296  votes,  a  number  which  exceeds  the  quota,  and  he 
is  accordingly  declared  elected. 

Filling  the  last  vacancy  (Rule  11  (2)). — No  further  transfer 
is  necessary,  for,  even  if  all  C's  surplus  (295)  and  all  GPs  surplus 
(15)  were  transferred  to  E,  his  total  would  only  amount  to  859. 

But  D's  total  (982)  exceeds  this  number  and  he  is  therefore 
declared  elected  (Eule  11  (2)). 

Final  result. — The  final  result  is  that  A,  G,  B,  0  and  D  are 
elected. 

Result  sheet  (Rule  12). — The  details  of  the  various  operations 
in  this  election  are  shown  in  the  subjoined  form  of  public  notice 
or  "  result  sheet." 


Public  Notice  of  the  Result  of  the  Poll  and  of  the  Transfer  of 

Votes. 

Number  of  valid  votes   6,000 

Number  of  members  to  be  elected 5 

Quota  (number  of  votes  sufficient  to  secure  the 

election  of  a  candidate)   1,001 


[TABLE  OF  RESULTS.. 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.   731 


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APPENDIX  IV. 


SECOND  SCHEDULE. 
POEM  OF  FRONT  OF  BALLOT  PAPER. 


Counterfoil     M, 
No. 


,-» 


Note.— 

p  'The  counter  -  ^ 
foil  is  to  hare  a 
number  to  cor- 
respond with 
that  on  the  f^\ 
back  of  the  )Q/ 
ballot  paper.  \jfcj 


Mark 

Order  of 

Preference 

in  Spaces 

below. 


Names  of  Candidates. 


I  BROWN  (John  Brown,  of  52,  George 
Street,  Bristol,  Merchant). 


JONES  (William  David  Jones,  of 
10,  Charles  Street,  Bristol, 
Merchant). 


ROBERTSON  (Henry  Robertson, 
of  8,  John  Street,  Bristol, 
Butcher). 


WILLIAMS  (James  Williams,  of 
5,  William  Street,  Bristol,  Dock 
Labourer). 


THOMAS     (Walter     Thomas,     of 
23,  Ann  Street,  Bristol,  Painter). 


MAcINNES  (Robert  Maclnnes,  of 
26,  James  Street,  Bristol, 
Licensed  Victualler). 


N.B. — Vote  by  placing  the  figure  1  in  the  square  opposite 
the  name  of  the  candidate  for  whom  you  vote.  You  may  also 
place  the  figure  2,  or  the  figures  2  and  3,  or  2,  3,  and  4,  and 
so  on,  in  the  squares  opposite  the  names  of  other  candidates  in 
the  order  of  your  preference  for  them. 


DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  733 


Form  of -Directions  for  the  guidance  of  the  Voter  in  voting, 
which  shall  be  printed  in  conspicuous  characters  and  pla- 
carded outside  every  Polling  Station  and  in  every  compart- 
ment of  a  Polling  Station. 

The  voter  will  go  into  one  of  the  compartments,  and,  with  the 
pencil  provided  there,  mark  his  ballot  paper  by  writing  the 
number  1  opposite  the  name  of  the  candidate  for  whom  he  votes. 
He  may  also  write  the  figures  2,  3,  and  so  on,  in  accordance 
with  the  order  of  his  choice  or  preference  opposite  the  names 
of  other  candidates  (that  is  to  say).: — 

He  must  write  1  in  the  square  space  opposite  to  the  name  of 

the  candidate  for  whom  he  votes. 
He  may  also  write  2  in  the  square  space  opposite  to  the  name 

of  the  candidate  he  likes  second  best,  and  3  in  the  square 

space  opposite  to  the  name  of  the  candidate  he  likes  third 

best. 
And  so  on. 

If  the  voter  does  not  mark  the  figure  1  on  his  ballot  paper, 
or  marks  the  figure  1  opposite  more  than  one  name,  or  marks 
the  figure  1  and  some  other  figure  opposite  the  same  name,  or 
places  any  mark  on  the  paper  by  which  he  may  be  identified, 
his  ballot  paper  will  be  invalid  and  will  not  be  counted. 

After  marking  the  ballot  paper,  the  voter  will  fold  up  the 
ballot  ptaper  so  as  to  show  the  official  mark  on  the  back,  and 
leaving  the  compartment  will,  without  showing  the  front  of  the 
paper  to  any  person,  show  the  official  mark  on  the  back  to  the 
presiding  officer,  and  then  in  the  presence  of  the  presiding  officer 
put  the  paper  into  the  ballot  box  and  forthwith  quit  the  polling 
station. 

If  the  voter  inadvertently  spoils  a  ballot  paper,  he  can  return 
it  to  the  officer,  who  will,  if  satisfied  of  such  inadvertence,  give 
him  another  paper. 

If  the  voter  takes  the  ballot  paper  out  of  the  polling  station  or 
deposits  in  the  ballot  box  any  other  paper  than  the  one  given 
him  by  the  officer,  he  will  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanour,  and  be 
subject  to  imprisonment  for  any  term  not  exceeding  six  months, 
with  or  without  hard  labour. 

Note. — These  directions  shall  be  illustrated  by  examples  of 
valid  ballot  papers,  such  as  the  following:  — 


734 


APPENDIX  IV. 


Examples  of  Ballot  Papers  validly  marked. 


A. 


*) 

Mark 

.*) 

Order  of 

Preference 

Names  of  Candidates. 

$N 

in  Spaces 

$; 

below. 

•./*\  ' 

BROWN 

0^0 

3 

(John  Brown,  of  52,  George  Street 

8*8 

Bristol,  Merchant). 

1 

JONES 

GlO 

4 

(William  David  Jones,  of  10,  Charles 

'%1 

Street,  Bristol,  Engineer). 

(*) 

(*) 

(¥) 

ROBERTSON 

/W\ 

2 

(Henry  Robertson,  of  8,  John  Street 

1 

Bristol,  Builder). 

| 

WILLIAMS 

xj/\ 

5 

(James    Williams,     of     5,    William 

1 

Street,  Bristol,  Dock  Labourer). 

GiO 

THOMAS 

•3K) 

1 

(Walter  Thomas,  of  23,  Anne  Street 
Bristol.  Painter). 

' 

'*) 

i 

MAdNNES 

\X.' 

6 

(Robert    Maclnnes,    of    28,     James 

1 

Street,  Bristol,  Licensed  Victualler) 

* 

DRAFT  RULES,  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION.  735 


Mark 
Order  of 
Preference 
in  Spaces 
below. 

Names  of  Candidates. 

BROWN 
(John  Brown,  of  52,  George  Street, 
Bristol,  Merchant). 

1 

JONES 
(William  David  Jones,  of  10,  Charles 
Street,  Bristol,  Engineer). 

ROBERTSON 
(Henry  Robertson,  of  8,  John  Street, 
Bristol,  Builder). 

WILLIAMS 

(James    Williams,    of     5,    William 
Street,  Bristol,  Dock  Labourer). 

THOMAS 

(Walter  Thomas,  of  23,  Anne  Street, 
Bristol,  Painter). 

MACINNES 

(Robert    Machines,    of     28,    James 
Street,  Bristol,  licensed  Victualler). 

736 


APPENDIX  IV. 


(*) 

'!*) 

Mark 
Order  of 
Preference 
in  Spaces 
below. 

Names  of  Candidates. 

BROWN 
(John  Brown,  of  52,  George  Street, 
Bristol.  Merchant). 

(*) 
(*) 

3 

JONES 
(William  David  Jones,  of  10,  Charles 
Street,  Bristol,  Engineer). 

t*9 

ROBERTSON 
(Henry  Robertson,  of  8,  John  Street, 
Bristol,  Builder). 

1 

1 

WILLIAMS 

(James    Williams,    of     5,     William 
Street,  Bristol,  Dock  Labourer). 

OK) 

/W\ 

THOMAS 

(Walter  Thomas,  of  23,  Anne  Street, 
Bristol,  Painter). 

2 

MAdNNES 
(Robert    Maclnues,    of     28,    James 
Street,  Bristol,  Licensed  Victualler). 

REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE. 


APPENDIX   V. 

REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE 
ON  ELECTORAL  REFORM  CONTAINED 
IN  A  LETTER  FROM  THE  SPEAKER 
TO  THE  PRIME  MINISTER,  DATED 
JANUARY  27™,  1917  (a),  PRESENTED  TO 
BOTH  HOUSES  OF  PARLIAMENT  BY 
COMMAND  OF  HIS  MAJESTY. 

SPEAKER'S  HOUSE,  S.W., 

January  27,  1917. 
DEAR  PRIME  MINISTER, 

I  HAVE  much  pleasure  in  informing  you  that  the  Con- 
ference on  Electoral  Reform  has  now  completed  its  work,  and 
that  I  am  authorised  to  report  to  you  the  resolutions  at  which 
it  has  arrived. 

You  will  doubtless  remember  the  circumstances  in  which  it 
originated,  but  for  the  sake  of  greater  accuracy  I  will  venture 
to  detail  them. 

During  the  debate  011  the  vsecond  reading  of  the  Special  Register 
Bill  on  the  16th  August  last,  Mr.  Asquith,  who  was  then  Prime 
Minister,  in  the  course  of  his  speech  used  these  words: — 

"  With  regard  to  the  Parliament  which  is  going  to  under- 
take the  work  of  reconstruction  after  the  war,  it  is  eminently 
desirable  that  you  should  provide  an  electoral  basis  which 
will  make  that  Parliament  reflective  and  representative  of 
the  general  opinion  of  the  country,  and  give  to  its  decisions 
a  moral  authority  which  you  cannot  obtain  from  what  I  may 
call  a  scratch,  improvised,  and  makeshift  electorate.  Let 
us  by  all  means  use  the  time — those  of  us  who  are  not 
absolutely  absorbed  in  the  conduct  of  the  war — in  those 
months  to  see  if  we  cannot  work  out  by  general  agreement 
some  scheme  under  which,  both  as  regards  the  electorate 
and  the  distribution  of  electoral  power,  a  Parliament  can 
bo  created  at  the  end  of  the  war  capable  and  adequate  for 

(a)  Parliamentary  Paper,  Cd.  8463. 
F.  47 


738  APPENDIX  V. 

discharging  these  tasks,  and  commanding  the  confidence  of 
the  country."     (Official  Report,  vol.  85,  p.   1906.) 
During  the  same  debate  Mr.  Long,  who  was  then  President 
of  the  Local  Government  Board,  said: — 

"  I  myself  believe  that  if  we  agreed  amongst  ourselves, 
and  the  Government  offered  any  assistance  which  they  could, 
and  which,  I  believe,  they  would  gladly  do,  to  set  up — I 
will  not  say  a  Committee,  because  that  is  not  exactly  what 
">  I  mean — but  a  representative  Conference,  not  only  of  parties, 
but  of  groups,  a  Conference  which  would  really  represent 
opinion  on  these  three  subjects:  electoral  reform,  revision 
of  your  electoral  power  when  you  have  got  it,  and  regis- 
tration, I  believe— and  I  do  not  speak  altogether  out  of 
books — that  such  a  Conference  of  earnest  men,  holding 
strong  views,  bitterly  opposed  to  each  other,  if  they  were 
face  to  face  with  these  difficulties,  when  we  are  all  longing 
with  a  great  longing  to  see  something  of  a  better  prospect 
for  our  country  in  the  future,  would  produce  an  agreed 
system  for  all  three  questions  upon  which  the  great  mass 
of  opinion  of  the  people  of  this  country  could  come  together." 

And  again  later  in  his  speech  he  used  these  words:  — 

"  I  believe  that  a  Conference  such  as  I  have  suggested 
would  have  a  great  result.  I  hope  that  in  the  short  time 
during  which  Parliament  is  released  from  its  duties  we  shall 
all  turn  our  attention  to  this  question.  If  my  honourable 
friends  in  .any  quarter  of  this  House,  or  outside  of  this 
House  were  to  invite  me  to  help  to  get  together  such  a 
Conference  I  would  do  it  with  the  utmost  pleasure.  I  believe 
that  is  the  way  in  which  we  are  more  likely  to  find  a  solution 
to  these  problems  than  any  other  plan  of  which  I  have  yet 
heard.  It  was  recommended  by  the  honourable  gentleman 
the  Member  for  Stockport  in  a  speech  he  made,  as  being 
put  forward  either  in  public  or  private  by  many  of  those 
who  have  given  time  and  attention  to  this  question.  I 
venture  to  say  to  the  House  it  is  our  duty,  one  and  all,  not 
to  criticise  the  Government  or  to  find  fault  with  this  Bill, 
but  to  set  ourselves  to  find  a  solution  which  may  be  a 
lasting  settlement  of  a  very  old  and  difficult  problem." 
(Official  Report,  vol.  85,  pp.  1949—1950.) 

The  idea  seemed  to  find  favour,  and  soon  afterwards  I  accepted 
an  invitation  from  the  Prime  Minister  to  convene  a  Conference 
of  members  of  both  Houses  of  Parliament  and  to  preside  over 
it.  The  Members  of  Parliament  and  Peers  whom  I  selected 
appeared  to  me  to  be  eminently  representative  of  the  various 
shades  of  political  opinion  in  Parliament  and  in  the  country 
upon  the  special  topics  connected  with  Electoral  Reform.  Their 
numbers  were  as  nearly  as  possible  proportionate  to  the  strength 
of  [pre-war  parties  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

On  the  question  of  Woman  Suffrage  I  endeavoured  to  obtain 
an  equal  division  of  opinion,  so  far  as  it  could  be  ascertained, 
but  ;many  obvious  difficulties  presented  themselves  in  discover- 
ing the  views  of  gentlemen  upon  that  important  topic. 


REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE.  739 

Eventually  the  following  Peers  and  Members  of  Parliament 
accepted  my  invitation:  the  Marquess  of  Salisbury,  Earl  Grey, 
Viscount  Bryce,  Viscount  Gladstone,  Lord  Burnham,  Sir  Eyland 
Adkins,  Eight  Honourable  Sir  Frederick  Banbury,  Sir  John 
Bethell,  Sir  William  Bull,  Colonel  James  Craig,  Colonel  Page 
Croft,  Mr.  Ellis  Davies,  Eight  Honourable  W.  II .  Dickinson, 
Eight  Honourable  Sir  E.  Pinlay,  Mr.  Goldstone,  Eight  Honour- 
able George  Lambert,  Sir  J.  Larmor,  Mr.  Macmaster,  Mr.  J. 
Mooney,  Mr.  T.  P.  O'Connor,  Mr.  Peto,  Mr.  Priiigle,  Eight 
Honourable  Sir  Harry  Samuel,  Mr.  Scanlan,  Mr.  MacCallum 
Scott,  Eight  Honourable  Sir  John  Simon,  Mr.  Turton,  Mr. 
Stephen  Walsh,  Mr.  Wardle,  and  Mr.  Aneurin  Williams. 

Before  the  Conference  met,  however,  Lord  Bryce  and  Mr. 
Laurence  Hardy  were  obliged  through  illness  to  withdraw  their 
acceptances,  and  Mr.  Mooney  also  found  himself  unable  to  take 
part  in  the  proceedings.  Their  places  were  taken  by  Lord 
Southwark,  Sir  Eobert  Williams,  and  Mr.  Brady. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Jerred,  C.B.,  Assistant  Secretary  to  the  Local 
Government  Board,  acted  as  Secretary  to  the  Conference. 

The  Conference  met  for  the  first  time  at  the  offices  of  the 
Local  Government  Board  on  the  12th  October  last,  but  all  sub- 
sequent meetings  have  been  held  in  Committee  Eoom  15  at  the 
House  of  Commons. 

The  terms  of  reference  were  as  follows: — 

To  examine,  and,  if  possible,  submit,  agreed  resolutions  on  the 
following  matters:  — 

a)  Eefprm  of  the  Franchise. 

b)  Basis  for  Eedistribution  of  Seats. 

c)  Reform  of  the  System  of  the  Registration  of  Electors. 

d)  Method  of  elections  and  the  manner  in  which  the  costs 

of  elections  should  be  borne. 

After  our  discussion  had  proceeded  for  some  time,  we  were  so 
unfortunate  as  to  lose  the  assistance  of  Lord  Grey,  who  was 
prevented  by  illness  from  attending,  but  as  I  was  in  constant 
expectation  that  he  might  be  able  to  resume  his  attendance  I 
did  not  invite  any  other  gentleman  to  take  his  place. 

Sir  Eobert  Finlay  also,  on  his  acceptance  of  office  as  Lord 
Chancellor  in  your  Government,  was  compelled,  to  the  regret 
of  all  his  colleagues,  to  leave  us. 

On  the  14th  December  Lord  Salisbury,  Sir  E.  Banbury,  and 
Colonel  Craig  found  themselves  unable  to  continue  to  assist  us, 
and  resigned  their  positions  &§  members  of  the  Conference.  Their 
places  were  taken  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Stuart- Wort-ley  (now  Lord 
Stuart  of  Wortley),  Mr.  Touche,  and  Mr.  Archdale,  and  it  is 
perhaps  only  fair  to  mention  that  some  of  the  conclusions  of 
the  Conference  were  arrived  at  before  they  became  members 
of  it. 

You  will  remember  that  when  we  had  reached  this  point  I  con- 
sulted you  as  to  the  desirability  of  continuing  our  labours,  and 
you  expressed  the  desire  of  His  Majesty's  Government  that  the 
work  of  the  Conference  should  proceed. 

Altogether  the  Conference  held  twenty-six  sittings,  the  last 
of  which  took  place  on  the  26th  instant,  when  I  was  authorised  to 

47  (2) 


740  APPENDIX  V. 

report  to  you  the  result  of  our  deliberations.     This  appears  in 
the  following  series  of  resolutions:  — 

I. — KEGISTRATION  OF  ELECTORS. 

1.  The  qualifying  period  for  registration  us  a   Parliamentary 
elector  shall  be^  reduced  to  six  months. 

2.  There  shall  be  a  revision  of  the  register  every  six  months. 

3.  The  qualifying  period   shall   be  six   months   prior   to   the 
loth  January  and  15th  July  in  each  year. 

4.  The  time  between  the  preparation  and  coming  into  force 
of  the  register  shall  be  shortened. 

The  foregoing  resolutions  (Nos.  2,  3,  and  4)  shall  not  apply 
to  Ireland  which,  owing  to  different  conditions,  may  require 
special  .treatment. 

6.  In    England    and    Wales    a    Registration    Officer    shall    be 
appointed  in  every   county   and  borough   who   shall   be,   in  the 
case  of  a  county,  the  Clerk  of  the  County  Council,  and,  in  the 
case  of  a  borough,  the  Town  Clerk. 

7.  An  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Eegistration  Officer  shall 
lie  to  the  County  Court. 

8.  In  the  opinion  of  the  Conference,  the  cost  of  registration 
should  be  a  charge  upon  the  local  rates,  subject  to  a  contribution 
of  ono-half  to  be  made  by  the  State. 

II. — EEFORM  OF  THE  FRANCHISE. 

9. — (a)  Every  person  of  full  age,  not  subject  to  any  legal 
incapacity,  who,  for  the  qualifying  period,  has  resided  in  any 
premises,  or  has  occupied  for  the  purpose  of  his  business,  pro- 
fession, or  trade,  any  premises  of  a  clear  yearly  value  of  not 
less  than  101.,  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  as  a  Parlia- 
mentary .(Elector. 

(b)  For  the  purposes  of  this  resolution  no  change  shall  be 
made  in  the  law  relating  to  the   joint  occupation  of  business 
premises. 

(c)  A  franchise  based  upon  the  foregoing  qualifications  shall 
be  substituted  for  all  existing  franchises. 

Provided  that  the  representation  of  the  Universities  shall  be 
maintained. 

10.  The  qualification  to  be  registered  as  a  Parliamentary 
Elector  shall  not  be  lost  by  removal  to  different  premises  within 
the  same  constituency,  or  from  one  constituency  to  another  in 
the  same  borough  or  county  (including  the  administrative  County 
of  London),  or  to  different  premises  in  a  contiguous  county 
or  borough. 

11. — (a)  A  person  shall  not  vote  at  a  general  election  in  more 
than  one  constituency. 

Provided  that  a  person  shall  be  entitled  to  one  additional  vote 
in  another  constituency  in  respect  of  the  occupation  of  his  busi- 
ness premises,  or  in  respect  of  any  qualification  he  may  have 
as  a  University  voter. 

(b)  For  the  purpose  of  this  resolution  the  expression  "  con- 
stituency "  means  any  county,  borough,  or  combination  of  places,. 


REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE.    741 

or  university  or  combination  of  universities,  returning  a  member 
or  members  to  serve  in  Parliament,  and  where  a  county  ur 
borough  is  divided  for  the  purpose  of  Parliamentary  elections, 
means  a  division  of  the  county  or  borough  so  divided. 

12.  The  law  relating  to  the  franchise  and  registration  shall 
be  codified. 

III. — REDISTKIBUTION  OF  SEATS. 

13.  This  Conference  accepts  as  governing  any  scheme  of  re- 
distribution the  principle  that  each  vote  recorded  shall,  as  far 
as  possible,  command  an  equal  share  of  representation  in  the 
House  of  Commons. 

14.  It  is  desirable   that  there  shall   be   a   Redistribution   of 
Seats  in  accordance  with  the  following  general  rules: — 

(i)  The  number  of  members  of  the  House  of  Commons  for 
Great  Britain  shall  remain  substantially  as  .at  present, 
(ii)  In  the  application  of  this  principle  the  information  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Conference  indicates  the  taking  of 
70,000  as  the  standard  unit  of  population  for  each 
member. 

(iii)  A  county  or  borough  (other  than  the  City  of  London) 
with  a  population  of  less  than  50,000  shall  cease  to  have 
separate  representation. 

(iv)  A  county  or  borough  with  a  population  of  50,000,  but 
less  than  70,000,  shall  continue  to  have  separate  repre- 
sentation. 

(v)  A  municipal  borough  or  urban  district  with  a  popula- 
tion not  less  than  70,000  shall  become  a  separate  Par- 
liamentary borough. 

(vi)  A  county  or  borough  at  present  returning  two  members 
shall  not  lose  a  member  if  the  defect  in  the  population  is 
20,000  or  less. 

(vii)  A  member  shall  be  given  for  70,000  and  for  every 
multiple  of  70,000,  and  an  additional  member  for  any 
remainder  which  is  not  less  than  50,000. 

(viii)  The  boundaries  of  Parliamentary  constituencies  shall, 
as  far  as  practicable,  coincide  with  the  boundaries  of 
administrative  areas. 

(ix)  The  City  of  London  shall  continue  as  at  present  to 
return  two  members. 

15.  Existing  boroughs  entitled  to  return  two  members   shall 
not  be  divided. 

16.  Where  there  are  contiguous  boroughs  which,  if  formed  into 
a  single  constituency,  would  be  entitled  to  return  not  less  than 
three  nor  more  than  five  members,  it  shall  be  an  instruction  to 
the  Boundary  Commissioners  to  unite  such  boroughs  into  a  single 
constituency. 

(This  resolution  would  only  become  applicable  in  the  event 
of  a  system  of  Proportional  Representation  being  adopted, 
as  recommended  in  a  subsequent  resolution.) 

17.  It  shall  be  an  instruction  to  the  Boundary  Commissioners 
to  take  the  population  as  estimated  by  the  Registrar-General  for 


742  APPENDIX  V. 

July,  1914,  instead  of  the  population  according  to  the  census  of 
1911. 

18.  It  shall  be  a  recommendation  to  the  Boundary  Commis- 
sioners, after  ascertaining  local  opinion,  to  segregate  as  fax  as 
possible  (adjacent  industrial   and  rural  areas   in    forming   con- 
stituencies within  any  county. 

19.  Where,  under  the  application  of  these  rules,   a  borough 
loses  its  right  to  separate  representation  in  Parliament,  it  shall 
be  competent  for  the  Commissioners,  after  having  ascertained 
local  opinion  on  the  subject,  to  combine  such  borough  with  any 
other  such  borough  or  boroughs  lying  within  the  county,  or  with 
any  other  borough  in  the  same  county  having  separate  repre- 
sentation, instead  of  merging  it  in  the  adjacent  county  division. 

20.  Where  an  ancient  Parliamentary  borough  loses  its  repre- 
sentation,  the  county   division  in  which   the   borough   becomes 
merged  shall  be  named  after  the  merged  borough. 

21.  Where  districts  of  burghs  in  Scotland  comprise   burghs 
in  different  counties,  or  where  under  the  foregoing  rules  a  Par- 
liamentary borough  which  is  a  district  of  burghs  would  lose 
representation,  it  shall  be  an  instruction  to  the  Boundary  Com- 
missioners to  consider  the  desirability  of  regrouping  the  burghs 
or  adding  neighbouring  burghs  in  the  same  county,  regard  being 
had  to  their  size,  to  a  proper  representation  of  the  urban  and 
rural  ^population,  and  to  the  distribution  and  pursuits  of  such 
population : 

Provided  that  the  representation  of  the  county  is  not  thereby 
affected. 

As  regards  Ireland,  the  Conference  desires  to  place  on  record 
that,  on  the  subject  of  redistribution,  it  has  carried  on  its 
deliberations  from  the  point  of  view  of  Great  Britain  only. 

IV. — UNIVEKSITY  KEPRESENTATION. 

22. — (a)  The  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  shall  con- 
tinue to  return  two  members  each;  the  electorate  shall  be 
widened,  and,  in  order  to  secure  a  proper  representation  of 
minorities,  each  voter  shall  be  allowed  to  vote  for  one  candidate 
only. 

(b)  The  Universities  of  Durham,  Manchester,  Birmingham, 
Liverpool,  Leeds,  Sheffield,  Bristol,  and  the  University  of  Wales, 
shall  receive  representation;  these  universities  shall  be  grouped 
with  the  University  of  London  so  as  to  form  a  single  constituency 
returning  three  members  elected  on  the  system  of  a  single  trans- 
ferable vote. 

J3)  The  combined  Universities  of  Edinburgh  and  St.  Andrews 
of  Glasgow  and  Aberdeen  shall  also  be  grouped  so  as  to 
form  a  single  constituency  returning  three  members  under  the 
system  of  a  single  transferable  vote. 

(d)  As  regards  all  Universities  the  obtaining  of  a  degree  shall 
be  the  basis  for  electoral  qualification. 


REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE.  743 


V. — METHOD  AND  COSTS  OF  ELECTIONS. 

23. — (a)  A  Parliamentary  borough  which  would  be  entitled 
on  a  basis  of  population  to  return  throe  or  more  members  shall 
be  a  single  constituency. 

Provided  that  a  constituency  entitled  to  return  more  than 
five  members  shall  be  divided  into  two  or  more  constituencies 
each  returning  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  five  members. 

(b)  The  election  in  any  such  constituency  shall  be  held  on 
the  principle  of  proportional  representation  and  each  elector  shall 
have  one  transferable  vote. 

(c)  For  the  purposes  of  this  rule  the  Metropolis  (excluding 
the  City  of  London)  shall  be  treated  as  a  single  area  and  divided 
into  constituencies  returning  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than 
five  members. 

24. — (a)  At  a  general  election  all  polls  shall  be  held  on  one 
day. 

(b)  All  nominations  shall  take  place  on  one  day. 

(c)  There  shall  be  an  interval  of  eight  days  between  the  day 
of  nomination  and  the  day  of  poll. 

25.  Returning  Officers'  charges  should  be  paid  by  the  State 
on  a  scale  to  be  fixed  by  the  Treasury. 

26.  The  duties  of  Returning  Officer  in  England  and  Wales  shall 
bo  discharged  by  a  deputy  Returning  Officer,  who  shall  be  in  the 
case  of  a  county  the  Clerk  to  the  County  Council,  and  in  the 
case  of  a  borough  the  Town  Clerk. 

27. — (a)  Every  candidate  at  the  election  of  a  Member  of  Par- 
liament for  any  county  or  borough  shall  be  required  to  deposit 
with  the  Returning  Officer,  at  the  time  of  his  nomination,  the  sum 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds. 

(b)  If  a  candidate  is  not  elected,  and  the  number  of  votes 
polled  by  him  does  not  exceed  in  the  case  of  a  single  or  double 
member  constituency  one-eighth  of  the  total  number  of  voters 
polling,   or  in   the   case  of   a   constituency   returning   three  or 
more  members,  one-eighth  divided  by  the  number  of  members  to 
be  elected,  the  deposit  instead  of  being  returned  to  the  candidate 
shall  be  forfeited  to  the  Treasury. 

(c)  For  the  purposes  of  this  resolution  the  number  of  "  voters 
polling  "  shall  mean  the  number  of  ballot  papers  counted  other 
than  spoilt  ballot  papers;  and  where  the  election  is  held  under 
the  system  of  a  single  transferable  vote,  the  number  of  "  votes 
polled  "  by  a.  candidate  shall  mean  the  number  of  votes  polled 
by  him  as  first  preferences. 

Although  the  question  of  candidates'  expenses  does  not  appear 
to  be  strictly  within  their  terms  of  reference,  the  Conference  is 
strongly  (and  unanimously  of  opinion  that  the  expenditure  at 
present  entailed  in  fighting  a  contested  election  is  unjustifiable, 
and  should  be  materially  reduced.  This,  the  Conference  considers 
can  only  be  effectively  carried  out  by  an  alteration  in  the 
maximum  amounts  at  present  allowed  under  the  Corrupt  and 
Illegal  Practices  Prevention  Act,  1883.  The  Conference  ac- 
cordingly resolved  that — 

28. — (a)  The  following  maximum  scale  of  expenses  shall  bo 
substituted  for  the  maximum  scale  contained  in  Part  IV.  of 


744  APPENDIX  V. 

the  First  Schedule   to  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices  Pre- 
vention Act,  1883:— 

Severipence  per  elector  in  a  county. 

Fivepence   per   elector   in   a  borough   other   than   a  borough 

returning  three  or  more  members. 

Fourpcnce  per  elector  in  a  borough  returning  three  or  more 
members. 

(b)  Where  there  are  joint  candidates  the  total  amount  of  tho 
expenses  of  the  joint  candidates  shall   not   exceed   one   and   a 
half  times  the  scale  allowed  for  a  single  candidate. 

(c)  A  duly  nominated  candidate,  or  a  number  of  duly  nomi- 
nated joint  candidates,  shall  be  allowed  one  free  postage. 

In  this  connection  the  Conference  has  had  its  attention  drawn 
to  a  growing  and,  as  it  considers,  mischievous  practice  by  which, 
at  the  time  of  an  election,  political  and  other  organisations  incur 
expenditure  in  the  furtherance  of  the  views  of  particular  can- 
didates. The  practice  is,  in  the  view  of  the  Conference,  a  con- 
travention of  the  spirit  of  the  Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices 
Prevention  Act.  The  Conference  realises  the  difficulty  of  deal- 
ing with  the  matter,  but  thinks  that  some  amendment  of  the 
Act  is  very  desirable,  and  resolved  that — 

29.  Any  person  incurring  expenditure  by  holding  public  meet- 
ings or  issuing  advertisements  or  publications  for  the  purpose 
of  furthering  the  election  of  a  candidate,   shall  be  guilty  of  a 
corrupt  practice  unless   such  expenditure  is  authorised  by  the 
candidate  and  returned  as  part  of  his  election  expenses. 

30.  The  Ballot  Act  shall  be  made  permanent. 

VI. — THE  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  REGISTER. 

The  franchise  for  Local  Government  purposes  is  so  closely 
connected  with  the  Parliamentary  franchise  that  the  Conference 
thought  it  desirable  to  deal  with  the  matter,  and  resolved  that — 

31. — (a)  In  substitution  for  all  existing  franchises  for  Local 
Government  purposes  every  person  who  for  a  period  of  six  months 
immediately  preceding  the  15th  day  of  January  and  the  loth 
day  of  July  in  any  year  has  occupied  as  owner  or  tenant  any 
land  or  premises  in  a  Local  Government  area  in  England  and 
Wales  shall  be  entitled  to  be  registered  and  to  vote  as  a  Local 
Government  elector  in  that  area. 

(b)  For  the  purpose  of  this  resolution  neither  sex  nor  mar- 
riage shall  be  a  disqualification,  provided  that  a  husband  and 
wife  shall  not  both  be  qualified  in  respect  of  the  same  premises. 

(c)  The    Conference   makes    no   recommendation   with    regard 
to  the  Local  Government  franchise  in  Scotland  or  Ireland. 

VII. — SOLDIERS  AND  SAILORS. 

32.— (a)  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Registration  Officer  to 
ascertain,  as  far  as  possible,  the  names  and  addresses  of  all 
persons  of  full  age  who  ordinarily  reside  in  his  area,  but  who 
are  serving  in  His  Majesty's  forces,  and  such  persons  shall  be 
qualified  to  be  registered  and  to  vote  as  parliamentary  electors 
within  that  area. 


REPORT  OF  SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE.     745 

(b)  In  the  case  of  a  person  who  has  served  in  His  Majesty's 
forces  during  any  part  of  the  qualifying  period,  residence  in  a 
constituency  for  on©  month  immediately  preceding  the  15th 
January  or  the  loth  July,  as  the  case«may  be,  shall  be  a  sufficient 
qualification. 

All  the  resolutions  under  the  foregoing  sub-heads  I.  to  VIE. 
were  agreed  to  unanimously. 

VIII. — WOMAN  SUFFRAGE. 

The  Conference  decided  by  a  majority  that  some  measure  of 
woman  suffrage  should  be  conferred.  A  majority  of  the  Con- 
ference was  also  of  opinion  that,  if  Parliament  should  decide 
to  accept  the  principle,  the  most  practical  form  would  be  to 
confer  the  vote  in  the  terms  of  the  following  resolution:  — 

33.  Any  woman  on  the  Local  Government  Register  who  has 
attained  a  specified  age,  and  the  wife  of  any  man  who  is  on 
that  Register  if  she  has  attained  that  age,  shall  be  entitled  to 
be  registered  and  to  vote  as  a  parliamentary  elector. 

Various  ages  were  discussed,  of  which  30  and  35  received  most 
favour. 

The  Conference  further  resolved  that  if  Parliament  decides 
to  enfranchise  women,  a  woman  of  the  specified  age,  who  is  a 
graduate  of  any  University  having  Parliamentary  representa- 
tion shall  bo  entitled  to  vote  as  a  University  Elector. 

IX. — MISCELLANEOUS. 
The  Conference  resolved  unanimously  that:  — 

34.  The  maintenance  in  any  asylum  for  lunatics  or  idiots  of 
any  person  for  whose  maintenance  any  other  person  is  respon- 
sible shall  not  disqualify  such  other  person  for  being  registered 
as  a  Parliamentary  elector. 

The  following  resolutions  were  passed  by  a  majority:  — 

35.  This   Conference,  having  considered  the  recommendation 
of  the  Royal  Commission  on  the  Poor  Liaws  and  Relief  of  Distress, 
is  of  opinion  that  no  person  who  has  received  poor  relief  other 
than  medical  relief  for  less  than  thirty  days  in  the  aggregate 
during   the   qualifying   period,   shall  be   disqualified    for   being 
registered  as  a  parliamentary  elector. 

36.  At  any  election  in  a  single  member  constituency  where 
there  are  more  than  two  candidates,  the  election  shall  be  held 
on  the  system  of  voting  known  as  the  alternative  vote. 

37. — (a)  Provision  shall  be  made  to  enable  any  person  who  is 
on  the  Parliamentary  Register  in  any  constituency  to  have  his 
name  entered  in  a  List  of  Absent  Voters,  and  to  record  his 
vote  as  such,  provided  that  he  satisfies  the  Registration  Officer 
that  the  nature  of  his  employment  will  render  it  probable  that  he 
will  be  compelled  to  be  absent  from  the  constituency  on  the 
day  when  the  poll  will  be  taken. 

(b)  The  Absent  Voters'  List  shall  be  prepared  at  the  same 
time  as  the  ordinary  Register,  and  should  remain  in  force  during 
the  currency  of  that  Register. 


746  APPENDIX  V. 

(c)  A  printed  ballot  paper  shall  be  sent  to  every  voter  at  the 
address  registered  by  him  for  the  purpose  in  such  form  and 
manner  as  will  secure  the  secrecy  of  the  ballot. 

(d)  The  ballot  paper  sh%ll  be  returnable  by  post  on  or  before 
the   polling   day,    accompanied   by    a    statutory    declaration   of 
identity  in  a  prescribed  form. 

(e)  A  person  whose  name  is  on  the  Absent  Voters'  List  shall 
not  be  entitled  to  vote  otherwise  than  as  an  absent  voter. 


In  conclusion,  I  should  like  to  bear  witness  to  the  admirable- 
temper  and  conciliatory  disposition  which  all  the  members  of 
the  Conference  showed  in  grappling  with  the  difficulties  con- 
fronting them.  They  were  convinced,  I  feel  sure,  of  the  great 
desirability  of  amicably  settling  these  thorny  questions,  and  of 
finding  a  solution  for  issues  fraught  with  the  possibility  of 
engendering  grave  domestic  strife  and  internal  friction.  They 
were  desirous  of  rendering,  at  a  time  when  the  national  energies 
were  almost  wholly  centred  upon  the  successful  prosecution  of 
the  war,  a  service  which  might  prove  of  the  highest  value  to 
the  State,  and  result  in  equipping  the  nation  with  a  truly  repre- 
sentative House  of  Commons,  capable  of  dealing,  and  dealing 
effectively,  with  the  many  and  gigantic  problems  which  it  will 
have  to  face  and  solve  as  soon  as  the  restoration  of  peace  permits 
of  their  calm  and  dispassionate  consideration. 

As  a  last  word,  I  should  like  to  say,  on  behalf  of  all  the 
members  of  the  Conference,  how  deeply  they  are  indebted  to* 
Mr.  Jerred  for  his  unfailing  courtesy,  his  untiring  energy,  and 
his  accurate  acquaintance  with  the  technicalities  of  electoral 
matters,  all  of  which  gifts  he  placed  unreservedly  at  the- 
disposal  of  the  Conference. 

Yours  very  truly, 

JAMES  W.  LOWTHER. 
To  the  Eight  Hon.  the  Prime  Minister. 


ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL.  747 

APPENDIX    VI. 

(SUPPLEMENTARY  TO  APPENDIX  I.) 

ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL. 


CONTENTS. 

PAOK 

1.  Order  in  Council  dated  June  4th,  1918,  prescribing  fees 

in  connection  with  registration  purposes,  registration 
dates,  &c.  (E.  P.  32)  747 

2.  Order  in  Council  dated  June  25th,  1918,  as  to  voting 

by  proxy  by  naval  and  military  voters  abroad 752 

3.  The  Proxy  Paper  Order,  1918  753 


No.  1. 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL  PRESCRIBING  FEES  IN 
CONNECTION  WITH  REGISTRATION  PUR- 
POSES, REGISTRATION  DATES,  ETC;,  (a). 

K.  P.  32. 

At  the  Court  at  Buckingham  Palace,  the  4th  day  of  June, 
1918. 

.  PRESENT, 

The  King's  Most  Excellent  Majesty  in  Council. 

WHEREAS  under  the  Representation  of  the  People  Act,  1918 
(hereinafter  referred  to  as  "  the  Act  "),  various  matters  are  to  be 
prescribed  by  His  Majesty  by  Order  in  Council: 

And  whereas  in  particular  provision  is  made  by  the  Act  as 
follows :  — 

"His  Majesty  may  by  Order  in  Council  prescribe  the 
forms  to  be  used  for  registration1  purposes  and  any  fees  to 
be  taken  in  connection  therewith,  and  alter  the  rules  con- 
tained in  the  Pirst  Schedule  to  this  Act  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  this  Act  into  full  effect"  .  .  .  (s.  13  (2))  (6): 

(«)  See  sect.  13  (2),  pp.  133,  134,  supra,  and  First  Schedule,  Rule  31, 
pp.  350,  351,  supra. 

(b)  See  pp.  133,  134,  snpia. 


748  APPENDIX  VI. 

'*  Any  document  required  to  be  published  shall  be  kept 
published  for  the  prescribed  time "  (First  Schedule, 
Eule  31)  (c): 

And  whereas  by  Orders  in  Council  dated  respectively  the  4th 
day  of  March,  1918  (d),  and  the  22nd  day  of  March,  1918  (e), 
made  under  the  powers  conferred  by  the  said  Act,  His  Majesty 
in  Council  has  been  pleased  to  fix  certain  registration  dates 
and  dates  governing  the  qualifying  period,  and  also  certain  forms 
for  registration  purposes,  and  it  is  expedient  that  the  said  dates 
and  forms  should  in  some  respects  be  altered: 

And  whereas  it  is  expedient,  in  order  to  avoid  any  question 
which  may  arise,  to  comply  as  respects  England  and  Wales  and 
as  respects  Ireland  with  the  provisions  of  the  Rules  Publication 
Act,  1893,.  as  to  the  matters  dealt  with  under  this  Order,  and  it 
is  necessary  on  account  of  urgency  that  any  Order  providing  for 
the  matters  dealt  with  by  this  Order  should  come  into  operation 
forthwith: 

Now,  therefore,  His  Majesty  is  pleased,  by  and  with  the  advice 
of  His  Privy  Council,  to  order,  and  it  is  hereby  ordered,  as 
follows:  — 

1.  The   documents  mentioned  in   the  First   Schedule   to   this 
Order  shall,  as  respects  the  First  Register,  be  kept  published  in 
Great  Britain  until  the  dates  specified  in  tlie  second  column  of 
that  Schedule,  and  in  Ireland  until  the  dates  specified  in  the 
third  column  of  that  Schedule. 

2.  The  fees  specified  in  the  Second  Schedule  to  this  Order  may 
be  taken  in  connection  with  registration  purposes,  and  shall  for 
the  purposes  of  the  Act  be  deemed  to  be  the  prescribed  fees. 

3.  The  names  in  the  absent  voters  list  (/)  shall  be  arranged  in 
the  same  order  (#)  as  that  in  which  those  names  appear  in  the 
register,  and  the  list  shall  be  in  the  form  set  out  in  the  Third 
Schedule  to  this  Order. 

This  rule  shall  not  apply  to  Scotland. 

4.  There  shall  be  added  as  a  supplement  to  that  part  of  the 
register  which  relates  to  any  polling  district  a  list,  giving  with 
respect  to  persons  who,  though  not  resident  in  that  polling  Dis- 
trict, are  entitled  to  vote  at  a  polling  place  for  that  district 
under  Rule  24  (h)  of  the  First  Schedule  to  the  Act,  the  same 
particulars  as   are  contained  with  respect   to   those  persons  in 
the   register,   adding  in   the   third    column    a   reference   to    the 
polling  district  where  any  such  person  is  registered,  provided 
that  the  names  shall  be  numbered  consecutively  after  other  names 
in   the  list  for   such   first-mentioned   polling  district. 

5.  Claims  under  the  said  Rule  24  (h)   must  be  made  for  the 
purposes  of  the  first  register  before   the  31st  day  of  July  in 

(c)  See  pp.  3oO,  351,  snpra. 

(d)  See  pp.  613,  614,  supra. 

(e)  See  pp.  626-627,  #«/>/>/. 

(/)  See  Rule  3,  p.  340,  supra,  aud  pp.  345,  346,  supra. 
(g)  See  Rule  4,  p.  340,  *npra. 
(h}  See  p.  348,  supra. 


ADDITIONAL  OKDEKS  IN  COUNCIL.  749 

Great  Britain,  and  before  the  26th.  day  of  July  in  Ireland,  and 
shall  be  in  the  form  set  out  in  the  Fourth  Schedule  to  this  Order 
or  a  form  to  the  like  effect. 

6.  In  connection  with  the  first  register  to  be  prepared  under 
the  Act,  the  registration  dates  and  dates  governing  the  qualify- 
ing period  referred  to  in  the  Fifth  Schedule  to  this  Order  shall 
instead  of  the  dates  specified  in  the  said  Orders  of  the  4th  day 
of  March,   1918  (/),  and  the  22nd  day  of  March,  1918  (7c),  be 
the  dates  specified  in  the  Third  Column  to  the  Fifth  Schedule 
to  this  Order. 

This  rule  shall  not  apply  to  Ireland. 

7.  Where— 

(a)  the  statement  of  any  naval  or  military  voter  made  in 

the  prescribed  form  (/)  that  he  would  have  had  the 
necessary  qualification  in  any  constituency  but  for 
his  service;  or 

(b)  (subject  to  verification  by  the  registration  officer)  any 

statement  containing  similar  particulars  supplied  by 
or  on  behalf  of  the  Admiralty,  Army  Council,  or  Air 
Council  (in}, 

is  received  by  the  registration  officer  too  late  for  inclusion  in  the 
electors  lists  that  statement  may  for  all  the  purposes  of  the  Act 
and  rules  made  thereunder  be  treated  as  a  claim  to  be  registered. 

8.  Where  the   registration  officer   receives   from    a   merchant 
seaman,  pilot  or  fisherman  any  such  statement  as  aforesaid  which 
includes  a  statement  of  actual  residence  (n)  and  is  therefore  to 
be  regarded  as  a  claim  and  declaration  under  section  5  (1)  o*f 
the  Act,  he  shall  nevertheless  place  the  person  from  whom  the 
statement  is  received  on  the  absent  voters  list  unless  he  gives 
notice  that  he  does  not  so  desire. 

9.  Where  a  statement  (o)  for  the  purposes  of  the  first  register 
is  received  by  the  registration  officer  not  later  than  the   17th 
of  August  in  respect  of  a  person  already  on  the  electors  lists, 
otherwise  than  as  a  naval  or  military  voter,,  indicating  to  his 
satisfaction  that  that  person  is  serving  on  full  pay  as  a  member 
of  any  of  the  naval,  military  or  air  forces  of  the  Crown,  the 
registration  officer  shall  place  that  person  on  the  absent  voters 
list  unless  before  that  date  he  gives  notice  that  he  does  not  so 
desire. 

10.  The  form  specified  in  the  Sixth  Schedule  to  this  Order  shall 
be  substituted  for  Form  VI.  in  Part  I.  of  the  Schedule  to  the 
said  Order  of  the  22nd  day  of  March  (p)  (which  prescribes  forms 
for  Scotland),  but  any  claim  made  in  the  form  as  prescribed  by 

(»)  See  pp.  613,  6H,  wpra. 
(k)  See  pp.  626—627,  supra. 
(I)  See  pp.  571—574,  supra. 
(»/)  See  Rule  18,  p.  346,  supra. 
(»)  See  p.  573,  supra. 
(6)  See  pp.  571 — 574,  supra. 
(p)  See  pp.  626—627,  supra. 


750 


APPENDIX  VI. 


the  said  Order  shall  nevertheless  be  valid  for  the  purposes  of  the 
first  register. 

11.  As   respects  any  registration    unit  in    Ireland   in    which, 
there  is  no  post  office  or  other  convenient  place  at  which  copies 
of  documents  relating  to  the  unit  can   be  made  available   for 
inspection  as  required  by  Rules  27  (q)  and  31  (r)  of  the  First 
Schedule  to  the  Act,  it  shall  be  sufficient  compliance  with  that 
requirement  if  copies  of  the  documents  are  made  available  for 
inspection  by  the  public  at  the  office  of  the  council  of  the  county 
district  comprising  the  registration  unit,  or  at  some  other  con- 
venient place  in  that  district  to  which  the  public  have  access 
instead  of  in  the  registration  unit  itself,  and  accordingly  those 
rules  shall  be  amended  so  as  to  give  effect  to  this  provision. 

12.  This  Order  shall  take  effect  from  the  date  hereof,  and, 
except  as  respects  Scotland,  shall  take  effect  provisionally  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  2  of  the  Eules  Publi- 
cation Act,  1893. 

ALMBEIC  FiTzRov. 


FIRST  SCHEDULE. 
PUBLICATION  OF  DOCUMENTS. 


Nature  of  Document. 


Electors  Lists  (First  Schedule, 
Rule  6). 

Notice  as  to  mode  of  making 
claims  and  objections  (First 
Schedule,  Rule  6). 

Corrupt  and  Illegal  Practices 
Lists  (First  Schedule,  Rule  8). 

List  of  Claimants  (First  Sche- 
dule, Rule  11). 

List  of  persons  to  whose  regis- 
tration notice  of  objection 
has  been  given  (First  Sche- 
dule, Rule  14). 

List  of  claimants  to  whose  re- 
gistration notice  of  objection 
has  been  jjiven. 

Register  (First  Schedule.  Rule 
27). 


See  p.  849,  s 


Dates. 

As  regards  Great 
Britain. 

July  18th. 
Aug-ust  1st. 

July  18th. 
August  1st. 
August  1st. 


As  regards  Ireland. 

July  5th. 
July  26th. 

July  5th. 
July  26th. 
July  26th. 


1 4  th  day  after 
publication. 

The  date  of  the 
coining  into 
force  of  the 
next  register. 


14th      day      after 
publication. 

The    date    of    the 
coming  into 

force  of  the  next 
register. 


(r)  See  pp.  350,  351,  *upra. 


ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL. 


751 


SECOND  SCHEDULE. 
FEES  FOR  COPIES  OF  LISTS,  REGISTERS,  ETC. 


s.d. 


l.*Fpr  a  copy  of  the  electors  lists  or  of  so  much  of  the 
lists  as  relates  to  any  registration  unit  or  units:  — 

not  exceeding  100  names  0     4 

for  each  additional  100  (or  part  of  100)   0     2 

:2.fFor  a  copy  of  any  claim  or  notice  of  objection  0     4 

•3.J  For    a    copy    of    the    register  or  of  so  much  of  the 
register  as  relates  to  any  registration  unit  or  units: — 

not  exceeding  100  names  0     4 

for  each  additional  100  (or  part  of  100)   0     2 

*  Schedule  1,  R.  33.  t  Schedule  1,  R.  33. 

+  Schedule  1,  R.  28. 


THIRD  SCHEDULE. 

ABSENT  VOTERS  LIST  FOR  THE  CONSTITUENCY  OF 
Polling  District 


Number 

as  shewn  j  Names  in  Full, 
in  the    \ (Surname  first.) 
Register.  I 


Qualifying 
Premises 

as  shewn  in 
Column  3 

of  Register. 


3. 


In  the  case  of  Naval  or 
Military  Voters  descrip- 
tion of  Service,  Ship, 
Regiment,  Number,  Rank, 
Rating,  &c.     In  the  case 
of  other  Voters,  recorded 
address. 

4. 


APPENDIX  VI. 


FOURTH  SCHEDULE. 

FORM  OF  CLAIM  TO  VOTE  IN  POLLING  DISTRICT  WHERE 
VOTER  DOES  NOT  RESIDE. 

To  the  Registration  Officer  for 
Address 

I,  being   entered   in    the   electors    lists   as    a    Parliamentary 
elector  for  the  above  constituency  as   follows: — * 


and  being  resident  atf  ,  which  is  not  in  the  polling  district 

in  which  I  am  entitled  to  be  registered,  hereby  claim  to  vote 
at  the  polling  place  situate  at^ 
for  the  polling  district§ 

Signed 

Date 

*  Here   insert   extract  from  printed  electors  lists  giving  registration 
unit  and  polling  district. 

t  Here  insert  full  postal  address  of  residence. 

J  Here  insert  name  of  place  where  elector  claims  to  vote. 

§  Here  insert  distinctive  letter  and  name  (if  any)  of  polling  district. 


FIFTH  SCHEDULE. 

REGISTRATION  DATES,  ETC. 


Subject-matter. 


End  of  qualifying  period  . 

Publication  of  lists  . 

Last  day  for  objections  to  elec- 
tors lists. 

Last  day  for  claims  . 

Last  day  for  claims  as  absent 
voters.  • 

Date  referred  to  in  Rule  17 

Publication  of  list  of  objections 
to  electors  lists. 

Publication  of  list  of  claimants. 

Last  day  for  objections  to 
claimants. 

Publication  of  list  of  objections 
to  claimants  (as  soon  as  prac- 
ticable after). 

Publication  and  coming  into 
force  of  register. 


Date  specified  in  Act.  I  Substituted  date. 


15th  Jan.— July 
1st  Feb.— Aug. 
15th  Feb.— Aug. 

18th  Feb.— Aug. 
18th  Feb.— Aug. 

18th  Feb. —Aug. 
2 1st  Feb.— Aug. 

24th  Feb.— Aug. 
7th  Mar.— 4th  Sep. 

7th  Mar.— 4th  Sep. 


15th  April— Oct. 


loth  April 
29th  June 
10th  July 

17th  July 
3 1st  July 

17th  August 
19th  July 

25th  July 
3 1st  July 

31st  July 


1st  October 


ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL.  753 

SIXTH  SCHEDULE. 

SUBSTITUTED  POEM. 
\Here  follows  form  applicable  to  Scotland,^ 


No.  2. 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL  DATED  JUNE  25m,  1918, 
AS  TO  VOTING  BY  PEOXY  BY  NAVAL 
AND  MILITARY  VOTERS  ABROAD  (/>). 

WHEEEAS  under  Section  twenty-three  (6)  of  the  Eepresentation 
of  the  People  Act,  1918,  power  is  conferred  on  His  Majesty  by 
Order  in  Council  to  direct  that  voting  by  proxy  by  naval  or 
military  voters  shall  be  permitted  in  any  area  on  land  abroad 
mentioned  in  the  Order  if  it  appears  to  Him  that  ballot  papers 
sent  to  that  area  by  post  cannot  reasonably  be  returned  before 
the  votes  are  counted,  and  that  the  case  cannot  be  met  by  an 
Order  under  the  said  section  twenty-three  postponing  the  count- 
ing of  votes: 

And  whereas  it  is  expedient,  in  order  to  avoid  any  question 
which  may  arise,  to  comply  as  respects  England  and  Wales  and 
as  respects  Ireland  with  the  provisions  of  the  Eules  Publication 
Act,  1893,  as  to  the  matters  dealt  with  under  this  Order,  and  it  is 
necessary  on  account  of  urgency  that  any  Order  providing  for 
the  matters  dealt  with  by  this  Order  should  come  into  operation 
forthwith: 

Now,  therefore,  His  Majesty,  being  satisfied  as  aforesaid,  is 
pleased,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy  Council,  to  order, 
and  it  is  hereby  ordered,  as  follows: — 

1.  Voting  by  proxy  by  naval  and  military  voters    shall    be 
permitted  in  all  areas  on  land  outside  the  British  Islands,  except 
areas  in  France  or  Belgium. 

2.  This  Order  shall   take  effect   from   the  date  hereof,   and, 
except  as  respects   Scotland,  shall   take  effect  provisionally  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Section  2  of  the  Eules  Pub- 
lication Act,  1893. 

ALMEEIO  FiTzEoy. 


(b)  See  s.  23  (4)  (a),  p.  174,  and  p.  201,  supra. 


F.  48 


754  APPENDIX  VI. 


No.  3. 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL  DATED  JUNE  BOTH,  1918, 
PRESCRIBING  FORMS  RELATING  TO 
PROXY  PAPERS,  BEING  THE  PROXY 
PAPER  ORDER,  1918  (c). 

WHEREAS  under  Section  twenty-three  (c)  of  the  Representation 
of  the  People  Act,  1918,  power  is  conferred  on  His  Majesty  in 
Council  to  prescribe  the  forms  to  be  used  for  the  purposes  of  the 
eaid  section,  and  to  make  regulations  as  to  the  mode  in  which 
proxy  papers  may  be  issued  and  cancelled,  and  generally  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  the  said  section  into  effect: 

And  whereas  it  is  expedient,  in  order  to  avoid  any  question 
which  may  arise,  to  comply  as  respects  England  and  Wales  and 
as  respects  Ireland  with  the  provisions  of  the  Rules  Publication 
Act,  1893,  as  to  the  matters  dealt  with  under  this  Order,  and  it  is 
necessary  on  account  of  urgency  that  any  Order  providing  for  the 
matters  dealt  with  by  this  Order  should  come  into  operation 
forthwith: 

Now,  therefore,  His  Majesty,  being  satisfied  as  aforesaid,  is 
pleased,  by  and  with  the  advice  of  His  Privy  Council,  to  order, 
and  it  is  hereby  ordered,  as  follows: — 

A. — ISSUE  OF  PROXY  PAPERS. 

1.  An  Application  by  an  elector  for  the  issue  of  a  proxy 
paper  must  be  in  the  following  form  or  in  a  form  to  the  like 
effect: — 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 
Application  for  appointment  of  a  Proxy. 

To  the  Registration  Officer  for  {Here  insert  name  of  county 
or  borough  in  which  the  qualifying  premises  are  situated]. 

I,  being  entitled  to  vote  by  proxy  and  being  or  believ- 

ing myself  to  be  qualified  for  registration  as  a  Parliamentary 
elector  in  respect  of  {Here  insert  address  of  qualifying  premises, 
including  if  possible  the  county  or  borough  or  parish  as  the  case 
may  be~\  hereby  apply  for  the  issue  of  a  proxy  paper  appointing 
{Here  insert  no/me  of  person  to  act  as  proxyj  who  resides  at 
[Here  insert  his  or  her  full  address']  and  is  [Here  insert  relation- 
ship, if  any,  to  the  elector']  or  failing  him  or  her  [Here  may  be  in- 
serted one  or  two  other  names  (ivith  addresses  and  relationship  to 
the  elector,  if  any}  in  order  of  preference,  if  the  elector  desires 
alternatives  in  case  the  first  named  is  unwilling  or  unable  to 

(c}  See  s.  23  (6),  p.  176,  supra,  and  Third  Schedule,  pp.  359—362,  supra. 


ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN^  COUNCIL.  755 

act  or  is  not  qualified  for  acting]  as  my  proxy  to  vote  on  my 
behalf  at  Parliamentary  elections  for  the  constituency  of 
Signed  , 

'[Here  insert  merchant  seaman,  pilot  or  fisherman,  or 
Red  Cross  or  other  recognised  war  service,  or  if  the  elector 
is  in  the  Navy,  Army  or  Air  Force,  particulars  as  to  num- 
ber, ship,  regiment,  rank,  rating ,  &c.] 

Witnessed  by  [The  witness  should  be  some  person  to  whom 
the  elector  is  known  and  in  the  case  of  a  sailor,  soldier  or  air- 
man should,  if  possible,  be  an  officer'], 
Bank,  occupation,  &c. 
Date 

2.  An  Application  by  a  person  authorised  by  an  elector  for 
the  issue  of  a  proxy  paper  shall  be  made  by  sending  or  deliver- 
ing to  the  Registration  Officer  an  authorisation  by  the  elector 
in  the  following  form  or  in  a  form  to  the  like  effect:  — 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 
Authority  to  apply  for  appointment  of  a  Proxy. 

To  the  Registration  Officer  for  [Here  insert  name  of  county 
or  borough  in  which  the  qualifying  premises  are  situated]. 

I,  being  entitled  to  vote  by  proxy  and  being  or  believ- 

ing myself  to  be  qualified  for  registration  as  a  Parliamentary 
elector  in  respect  of  [Here  insert  address  of  qualifying  premises, 
including  if  possible  the  county  or  borough  or  parish  as  the 
case  may  be]  hereby  authorise  [Here  insert  name  of  person 
authorised  to  apply  for  proxy  paper]  who  resides  at 
to  apply  for  the  issue  of  a  proxy  paper  appointing  {Here  insert 
name  of  person  to  act  as  proxy,  and  his  or  her  full  address] 
who  resides  at  and  who  is  [Here  insert  relationship,  if 

any,  to  the  elector]  or  failing  him  or  her  [Here  may  be  inserted 
one  or  two  other  names  (with  addresses  and  relationship  to  the 
elector  if  any]  in  order  of  preference,  if  the  elector  desires 
alternatives  in  case  the  first  named  is  unwilling  or  unable  to 
act,  or  is  not  qualified  for  acting]  as  my  proxy  to  vote  on  my 
behalf  at  Parliamentary  elections  for  the  constituency  of 
Signed  , 

[Here  insert  merchant  seaman,  pilot  or  fisherman,  or 
Red  Cross  or  other  recognised  war  service,  or  if  the  elector 
is  fm  the  Navy,  Ai*,my  or  Air  Force,  particulars  as  to  num- 
ber, ship,  regiment,  rank,  rating,  &c.] 

Witnessed  by  [The  witness  should  be  some  person   to   ivhom 
the  elector  is  known,  and  in  the  case  of  a  sailor,  soldier,  or  air- 
man should,  if  possible,  be  an  officer], 
Rank,  occupation,  &c. 
Bate 

NOTE. — This  authority  will  not  be  recognised  unless  it  is  duly 
signed  and  witnessed  and  dated,  and  the  name  and  address  of  the 
authorised  person  and  the  names  of  the  person  or  persons,  one 
of  whom  is  to  be  appointed  as  proxy,  are  filled  in  by  the  elector. 
Any  other  particulars  may,  if  desired,  be  left  to  be  filled  in  by 

48(2) 


756  ^APPENDIX  VI. 

the  authorised  person.     The  authorised   person   must   send  or 
deliver  this  form  to  the  Eegistration  Officer. 

The  authorised  person  may,  of  course,  be  entered  as  the  person 
or  one  of  the  persons  to  be  appointed  as  proxy,  if  qualified. 
If  so,  it  will  be  convenient  if  before  sending  this  form  to  the 
Eegistration  Officer  he  will  sign  the  statement  below  showing  that 
he  is  willing  to  act  as  proxy. 

I  am  willing  to  act  as  Proxy. 

Date  .     Signature  of  authorised   person 

3.  The  Registration  Officer  on  receiving  an  application  for  the 
appointment  of  a  proxy  shall  if  satisfied  that  a  proxy  may  be 
appointed  intimate  to  the  person  named  as  proxy  (or  if  more  than 
one  is  named  to  the  first  named)  unless  he  knows  that  that  person 
is  not  qualified  to  be  appointed  as  proxy,  or  has  expressed  his 
unwillingness  to  act,  that  it  is  proposed  to  appoint  him  as  proxy 
for  the  elector,  and  that  if  no  notice  is  received  within  seven  days 
intimating  that  he  is  unwilling  or  unable  to  act  as  proxy  for  the 
elector,  a  proxy  paper  will  be  issued  to  him  and  he  will  be 
entered  on  the  list  of  proxies. 

If  at  the  expiration  of  the  said  seven  days  no  notice  is  received 
intimating  that  the  person  named  (or  first  named)  as  proxy  is 
unable  or  unwilling  so  to  act,  the  Registration  Officer  shall  send 
or  deliver  a  proxy  paper  to  that  person,  unless  otherwise  directed, 
and  shall  enter  his  name  on  the  list  of  proxies. 

4.  If  within  seven  days  from  the  date  of  sending  the  intimation 
notice  is  received  by  the  Registration  Officer  informing  him  that 
the  person  named  as  proxy  is  unable  or  unwilling  so  to  act  the 
E/egistration  Officer  shall,  if  a  second  or  third  name  is  given  in 
tho  form  of  application,  deal  in  like  manner  with  the  person  or 
persons  so  named. 

If  the  person  named  or,  if  more  than  one  person  is  named,  all 
of  the  persons  named,  are  unable  or  unwilling  so  to  act,  or  are  not 
qualified  to  act,  or  if  for  any  other  reason  the  Registration  Officer 
does  not  comply  with  the  application  and  issue  a  proxy  paper,  the 
Registration  Officer  shall  send  a  notice  to  the  elector  informing 
him  that  no  proxy  paper  has  been  issued  and  explaining  the 
reason. 

5.  The  proxy  paper  to  be  issued  by  the  Registration  Officer 
shall  be  in  the  following  form  or  a  form  to  the  like  effect:  — 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,   1918. 

PROXY  PAPER. 
Constituency 

Polling  District 
(Name) 
(Address) 

is  hereby  appointed  as  Proxy  for 
(Name  of  elector) 

who  is  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  Elector  in  respect  of 
(Address  of  qualifying  premises) 


ADDITIONAL  ORDERS  IN  COUNCIL.  757 

to  vote  for  such  elector  at  all  Parliamentary  Elections  for  the 
above  constituency  whilst  this  Proxy  Paper  remains  in  force. 
Signature  of  Registration  Officer 
Date 

NOTE. — The  person  appointed  as  Proxy  should  carefully  pre- 
serve this  paper  which  must  be  produced  at  each  election  to 
the  Presiding  Officer  at  the  polling  booth,  who  will  then  issue 
a  ballot  paper  to  be  marked  in  the  usual  way. 


B. — CANCELLATION  OP  PROXY  PAPBES. 

6.  A  notice  to  the  Registration  Officer  cancelling  a  proxy  paper 
must  be  in  the  following  form  or  in  a  form  to  the  like  effect:  — 

REPRESENTATION  OF  THE  PEOPLE  ACT,  1918. 
To  the  Registration  Officer  for 

I,  being  registered  as  a  Parliamentary  elector  in  respect 

of  the  following  premises  \Here  insert  address  of  qualifying  pre- 
mises, including,  if  possible,  the  county  or  borough  or  parish 
as  the  case  may  be~]  hereby  cancel  any  proxy  paper  issued  in 
respect  of  the  above  qualification. 

Signed 

Witnessed  by  \The  witness  should  be  some  person  to  whom 
the  elector  is  known,  and  in  the  case  of  a  sailor,  soldier  or  air- 
man should,  if  possible,  be  an  officer]. 
Date 

7.  Where  a  proxy  paper  is  cancelled  the  Registration  Officer 
shall  send  notice  of  the  cancellation  to  the  person  who  has  been 
appointed  proxy  under  the  cancelled  paper,  and  shall  delete  his 
name  from  the  list  of  proxies. 


0. — GENERAL. 

8.  This  Order  shall  take  effect   from   the   date   hereof,    and, 
except  as  respects  Scotland,  shall  take  effect  provisionally  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Section  2  of  the  Rules  Pub- 
lication Act,  1893. 

9.  This  Order  may  be  cited  as  the  Proxy  Paper  Order,  1918. 

ALMERIC 


(     759     ) 


INDEX. 


ABEOAD,  meaning  of,  83. 

ABSENT  EMPLOYEE, 

be  entitled  to  business  premises  qualification,  36. 


ABSENT  VOTEE, 

not  to  vote  except  as,  under  sect.  23...  176,  202—203. 
special  provisions  as  to  allowing  more  time  for  receipt  of 

ballot  papers  during  war,  173  —  174,  200. 
voting  by,  172  —  203. 

ABSENT  VOTEES  LIST,  177—178. 
who  is  to  be  entered  on,  178. 

naval  or  military  voters  to  be  placed  on,  177  —  178. 
who  may  claim  to  be  placed  on,  345. 
time  for  claim,  345. 

who  is  to  be  placed  on,  by  registration  officer,  345  —  346. 
naval  or  military  voter,  duty  of  registration  officer  to  place 

on,  345—346. 

naval  or  military  voter,  when  not  to  be  placed  on,  345  —  346. 
record  of  addresses  of  persons  on,  to  be  kept,  346. 
person   whose  name   is  on,   not   to   vote  except   as   absent 

voter  under  sect.  23...  176,  202—203. 
preparation  of,  by  registration  officer,  340. 

ABSOLUTELY  EXEMPTED,  conscientious  objector,   113. 
ACT,  commencement  of  present,  336. 

ACTING  EETUENING  OFFIOEE, 

discharge  of  returning  officer's  duties  by,  217  —  220. 
who  is,  217,  218. 

ACTS,  ADAPTATION  OF,  308,  386—388. 
Scotland,  388—390. 
Ireland,  390. 


760  INDEX. 

ACTS  AND  BULBS  BELATING  TO  CIVIL  SEBVIOE, 
what  are,  153. 

ACTS  MADE  PEBMANENT,  278. 
ACTUAL  BESIDENCE,  what  is,  11—12. 

ADDBESSES,  EEOOED  OF, 

registration  officer  to  keep,  of  naval  or  military  voters  and 

persons  on  absent  voters  list,  346. 
conditions  under  which,  open  to  inspection,  346. 

ADMIBALTY, 

list  of  work  recognised  by,  Army  Council  and  Air  Council 

as  of  national  importance,  635. 
information  as  to  naval  or  military  voters  to  be  supplied  to 

registration  officer  by,  Army  Council  and  Air  Council,  346. 
rules  by,  proscribing  meaning  of  "afloat,"  628. 

APMINISTBATIVE  COUNTY,  meaning  of,  63. 

ADVEBTISEMENTS,  OIECULAES  OE  PUBLICATIONS, 
meaning  of  "publications,"  271. 

AFLOAT, 

expression,  to  be  interpreted  in  accordance  with  rules  made 

by  Admiralty,  308. 
meaning  of,  83—84,  628. 
rules  by  Admiralty  prescribing  meaning  of,  628. 

AGE, 

how  reckoned,  307. 

when  attained,  4. 

declaration  as  to,  registration  officer  may  require,  before 

registering  any  person,  352. 
fee  in  connection  with,  352. 
registration  officer  to  allow  inspection  of,  and  copy  of, 

to  be  made,  352. 

required  for  naval  or  military  voter,  80 — 82. 
male  naval  or  military  voter  qualified  at  19  years  of,  80 — 82. 

AGE,  FULL,  what  is,  4. 

AGENT,  ELECTION.     See  ELECTION  AGENT. 


INDEX.  761 

AIR  COUNCIL, 

information  as  to  naval  or  military  voters  to  be  supplied 
by  Admiralty,  Army  Council  and,  to  registration  officers, 
346. 

list  of  work  recognised  by,  Admiralty  and  Army  Council 
as  of  national  importance,  035. 

ALIEN,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5. 
ANNUAL  VALUE.     See  YEAELY  VALUE. 

APPEAL, 

notice  of,  from  decision  of  registration  officer,  when  and 

how  to  be  given,  350. 
notice  of,  to  be  forwarded  by  registration  officer  to  County 

Court,  350. 

statement  of  material  facts  to  accompany  notice,  350. 
information  to  be  furnished  to  County  Court  by  registration 

officer  when  required,  350. 
from  registration  officer,  when  lies,  137. 
to  County  Coujrt,  when  lies,  137. 
from  County  Court  to  Court  of  Appeal,  when  lies,  135,  137 — 

138. 

in  Scotland,  138. 
in  Ireland,  138—139. 
consolidation  of  appeals,  when  registration  officer  to  inform 

County  Court  that  it  appears  desirable,  350. 
test  case,  350. 

APPEAL,  COURT  OP, 

appeal  from  County  Court  to,  135,  137—138. 
rules  of,  135—137,  669—671. 

APPEALS,  134—139. 
in  Scotland,  138. 
in  Ireland,  138—139. 

APPEAEANOE 

of  parties  on  hearing  of  claims  and  objections,  353. 

AREA  in  which  voting  by  proxy  is  permitted,  174,  201,  753. 

AREA,  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  ELECTORAL, 
definition,  305. 


762  INDEX. 

AREA,  REGISTRATION, 
what  is,  128,  130—131. 
in  Scotland,  131. 
in  Ireland,  132. 

AREA,  VOTING,  what  is,  339. 

ARMY  COUNCIL, 

list  of  work  recognised  by,  Admiralty  and  Air  Council  as 

of  national  importance,  635. 

information  as  to  naval  or  military  voters  to  be  supplied 
by  Admiralty,  and  Air  Council  to  registration  officers,  346. 

ASSISTANT  OVERSEER, 

compensation  to,  who  suffers  loss  in  consequence  of  Act, 

148—153. 

meaning  of,  in  sect.   18...  149. 
in  Ireland,  153,  332. 

ASYLUM,  LUNATIC, 

patient  in,  not  to  be  treated  as  resident  therein,  15,  306. 

AUTHORITY,  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT,  meaning  of,  124. 

AUTUMN  REGISTER,  125—130. 

period  during  which,  in  force,  127 — 128. 


BALLOT  ACT,  1872, 

made  permanent,  278. 

modifications  of,  357 — 358. 

modified  by  sect.   21  of  Act,  161,  162—163. 

offences  under,  285 — 287. 

BALLOT  PAPER, 

grounds  for  rejection  of,  by  returning  officer,   182 — 200. 
rules  as  to,  182 — 200. 
when  invalid,  182 — 200. 

want  of  official  mark,  186 — 187. 

voting  for  more  candidates  than  entitled  to,  187. 

writing  or  mark  by  which  voter  could  be  identified,  187. 

unmarked  or  void  for  uncertainty,  187 — 200. 
counting  of,  182—200. 
sending,  to  absent  voter,  180. 


INDEX.  763 

BALLOT  PAPER — continued. 
spoilt,  210. 

tendered,  marking,  166. 
asking  for,  in   circumstances  which  only   entitle   voter  to 

mafk  tendered,  not  an  illegal  practice  under  sect.  22... 

164—165,  166. 
marked  by  absent  voter,  to  be  treated  by  returning  officer 

like  ordinary,  173,  181—200. 
not  to  be  sent  to  absent  voter  who  has  appointed  proxy, 

175—176,  202. 
not  to  be  sent  to  naval  or  military  voter  who  is  serving  in 

area  where  voting  by  proxy  is  permitted,  175 — 176,  202. 

BIETH,  CERTIFICATE  OF, 

registration   officer    may    require,    before    registering    any 

person,  352. 

how  any  person  requiring,  may  obtain,  353. 
fee,  353. 

BLAOKROCK  AND  PEMBROKE, 

townships  of,  contributions  by,  in  respect  of  registration 
expenses,  145. 

BODIES  WITHIN  SECT.  5  (3)  (ii)  (b), 
list  of,  with  addresses,  608. 

BODIES  RECOGNIZED  AS  WORK  OF  NATIONAL  IMPOR- 
TANCE, list  of,  with  addresses,  608—609. 

BOROUGH, 

when  expression  includes  a  university  constituency,  281. 

BOROUGH  COUNCIL,  registration  expenses  and,  139—145. 

BOROUGH  ELECTION, 

expression,  in  First  Schedule  (Part  IV.)  of  Corrupt  Prac- 
tices Act,  1883,  as  to  maximum  scale  of  election  expenses 
includes  university  election,  281. 

BOROUGH  FUND  OR  BOROUGH  RATE, 

registration  expenses  to  be  paid  out  of,  139 — 140. 

when  no,  how  paid,  139 — 140. 
contribution  by  Parliament  to,  141. 


764  INDEX. 

BOROUGHS,  PARLIAMENTARY, 

list  of,  showing  divisions,  contents,  and  number  of  members — 
London,  40^-419. 
England,  excluding  London  and  Monmouthshire,  419 — 

46$. 

Wales  and  Monmouthshire,  466 — 467. 
Scotland,  468—481. 

list  of,  containing  more  than  one  borough  or  urban  district, 
633—634. 

BRIBERY,  289— 291. 

punishment  for,  293 — 294. 

BRITISH  SUBJECT, 

alone  qualified,  121—122. 

effect  of  provisions  of  sect.  9  (3)  as  to  persons  not,  1,22. 
effect  of  disqualification  of  aliens,  122. 
See  also  ALIEN,  LEGAL  INCAPACITY. 

BUSINESS,  meaning  of,  34—36. 
BUSINESS  PREMISES,  what  are,  28. 

BUSINESS  PREMISES  QUALIFICATION, 
what  is,  24—37. 
of  naval  or  military  voter  (male),  86 — 91. 

BYE-ELECTION.     See  ELECTION. 


CANDIDATE, 

at  parliamentary  election,  meaning  of,  271 — 273. 

expenses  of.    See  ELECTION  EXPENSES. 

may  use  elementary  school  for  public  meetings,  204 — 206. 

must  include  charge  for  use  of  school  in  election  expenses, 
206. 

need  not  include  damage  to  school  in  election  expenses,  206. 

deposit  by,  207—208. 

forfeiture  of  deposit  by,  208 — 210. 

deemed  to  be  withdrawn  within  provisions  of  Ballot 
Act,  208. 

withdrawn  in  pursuance  of  Ballot  Act,  208. 

death  of,  commencement  afresh  of  proceedings  with  rela- 
tion to  election  on,  163 — 164. 


INDEX.  765 

CANDIDATE,  PEESONS  EMPLOYED  BY, 

previous  disqualification  of,  removed,  115,  122. 

CASUAL  VACANCY, 

meaning  of  election   to  fill   a,   111. 
voting  at  election  to  fill,  111—112. 

local  government  elector  may  vote  for  more  than  one  ward 
or  electoral  division  to  fill,  110 — 112. 

OENTEAL  TEIBUNAL, 
what  is,  119. 

procedure  by  applicant  before,  119. 
time  for  application  to,  119. 
certificate  of,  120—121. 

OEETIFICATE, 

of  Central  Tribunal,  120—121. 

authorizing  employ^  of  returning  officer  to  vote  at  polling 
station  other  than  allotted  polling  station,  203 — 204. 

OIECULAES, 

issuing,  for  purpose  of  promoting  or  procuring  election  of 
candidate,  by  unauthorized  persons,  269 — 277. 

CITY  OF  LONDON.    See  LONDON. 

CIVIL  SEEVICE,  ACTS  AND  EULES  EELATINQ-  TO, 
what  are,  1,53. 

OHAMBEES  IN  INNS  OF  COUET,  are  a  "house,"  19. 

OHAIEMAN  OF  UEBAN  DISTEIOT  COUNCIL, 
returning  officer,  211. 

CLAIM, 

who  may  make,  to  be  registered,  342. 

time  for  making,  342—343. 

form  of,  343,  562—569. 

where,  made  by  another  person  on  behalf  of  claimant,  343. 

publication  by  registration  officer  of  lists  of  claimants,  343. 

time  for,  343. 
consideration  of,  by  registration  officer,  347. 

time  for,  347. 

notice  to  parties  as  to,  347. 
powers  of  registration  officer  on,  347. 
registration  officer  to  supply  forms  of,  without  fee,  351. 
registration  officer  to  supply  copy  of,  on  payment  of  fee,  35L 


766  INDEX. 

CLAIM — continued . 

mode  of  sending,  351. 

who  may  appear  on  consideration  of,  353. 

powers  and  duty  of  registration  officer  with  respect  to  cor- 
rection of  lists  in  consequence  of  his  decision  on,  347 — 
348. 

notice  as  to  mode  of  making,  duty  of  registration  officer 
to  publish,  341. 

appeal  from  decision  of  registration  officer  as  to,  134-137. 

by  naval  or  military  voter  to  be  registered  for  actual  resi- 
dence qualification,  91 — 92. 

CLAIM  AS  TO  POLLING  PLACE, 

person  residing  outside  polling  district  in  which  he  is  regis- 
tered may   make   claim   to   vote   at   another   polling 
place,  348. 
form  of  claim,  752. 

CLAIMANT, 

appeal  by.    See  APPEAL. 

no  appeal  by,  who  has  not  availed  himself  of  opportunity 
of  being  heard  before  registration  officer,  135,  137. 

CLAIMANTS,  LISTS  OF, 

publication  by  registration  officer  of,  343. 
time  for,  343. 

CLEEK, 

in  employment  of  candidate,  previous  disqualification  of, 
removed,  115,  122. 

COMMON  COUNCIL, 

registration  expenses  of,  how  paid,  146. 

COMMENCEMENT  OF  ACT,  336. 

COMPENSATION  TO  ASSISTANT   OVEESEEES,   148—153. 
how  calculated,  149—152. 

CONSCIENTIOUS  OBJECTOE,  117—121. 
legally  incapacitated,  7,  118. 
effect  of  disqualification,  118. 
taking  up  service  of  naval  or  military  voter,  119—120. 

time  for,  120. 

taking  up  work  of  national  importance,  120. 
absolutely  exempted,  113. 
wife  of,  not  disqualified,  121. 


INDEX.  767 

CONSTITUENCY, 

meaning  of,  other  than  a  university  constituency,  3,  foot- 
note (a). 

meaning  of  words  "in  that  constituency,"  in  sect.  4  (1)... 
71—72. 

registration  in  more  than  one,  108. 

definition,  305. 

division  of  county  or  borough  regarded  as,  305. 

university,   definition  of,    306. 

'OONSTEUCTIVE  OCCUPATION, 

in  business  premises  qualification,  26 — 27. 
in  local  government  franchise,  44 — 45. 

OONSTEUOTIVE  RESIDENCE,  what  is,  1.2—15. 
CONVICT,  legally  incapacitated,  5—6. 

COEEUPT  AND  ILLEGAL  PEACTICES, 

committed  outside  United  Kingdom,  283 — 303. 
period  of  time  within  which  proceedings  in  respect  of,  must 
be  commenced,  302—303. 

OOEEUPT  AND  ILLEGAL  PRACTICES  LIST, 
duty  of  registration  officer  to  publish,  342. 

COEEUPT    AND    ILLEGAL    PEAOTICES    PEEVENTION 
ACT,  1883,  made  permanent,  278. 

COEEUPT  PEAOTIOE, 

incurring  expenses   on    account   of   public   meetings,    etc., 

without  candidate's  authorization,  274 — 376. 
punishment,  274r— 276. 
list  of  corrupt  practices,  287—293. 
punishment  of  personation,   287 — 288. 

other,  293—294. 
person  guilty  of,  when  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  6 — 7. 

COEEUPT  OFFENCE,  PEESON  GUILTY  OF, 
legally  incapacitated,  7. 

COUNCIL,  BOROUGH,  registration  expenses  and,  139—141. 
COUNCIL,  COUNTY,  registration  expenses  and,  139—141. 

OOUNOILLOE, 

qualification  of,  for  membership  of  local  government  autho- 
rity, 123—124. 


768  INDEX. 

COUNSEL, 

may  not  appear  on  hearing  of  claim  or  objection,  353. 
may  appear  on  appeal,  641. 

COUNTIES,  PARLIAMENTARY, 

list  of,  showing  divisions,  contents  and  number  of  members — 
England,  excluding  Monmouthshire,  482 — 536. 
Wales  and  Monmouthshire,  536 — 543. 
Scotland,  543—554. 

list  of,  containing  more  than  one  county,  632. 

COUNTY  COUNCIL,  registration  expenses  and,  139—141. 

COUNTY  COURT,  1.35—139. 
defined,  135—139. 
rules  of,  135—137,  636—668. 
appeal  to,  when  lies,  137. 
appeal  from,  135—138. 
registration  officer  to  furnish  information  to,  when  required, 

350. 
as  to  consolidation  of  appeals,  350. 

COUNTY  COURT  RULES,   135—137,  636—668. 
forms,  648—661.. 

COUNTY  COURT  RULES,  1918   (No.   2),  662—668. 

COUNTY  FUND, 

registration  expenses  to  be  paid  out  of,  139 — 140. 

COUNTY  PURPOSES,  SPECIAL, 

registration  expenses  may  be  paid  as  expenses  for,  139 — 140. 

COURT  OF  APPEAL, 
.    appeal  from  County  Court  to,   135 — 138. 
rules  of,  135—137,  669—671. 

COURT,  RULES  OF,  135—137,  636—671. 


DATES, 

in  connection  with  first  register,   128 — 129. 
alteration  of,  in  connection  with  first  register,  336. 
See  also  REGISTRATION  DATES. 

DAY  OF  ELECTION, 

meaning  of,  at  general  election,  179 — 180. 
at  bye-election,  179,  180. 


INDEX.  ?69 

DAY  OP  NOMINATION.     See  NOMINATION. 
DAY  OF  THE  POLL,    See  POLL. 

DECLARATION  OF  IDENTITY, 

to  be  sent  with  ballot  paper  to  absent  voter,   173,   181. 

DECLARATION, 

as  to  age  or  nationality,    registration   officer   may  require, 

before  registering  any  person,  352. 
fee  in  connection  with,  352. 
registration  officer  to  allow  inspection  of,  and  copy  of, 

to  be  made,  353,. 

by  candidate  as  to  election  expenses,  264. 
by  election  agent  as  to  election  expenses,  264. 

DECLARATIONS, 

at  university  election,  provided  by  present  Act,  358. 

DEPOSIT, 

by  candidates,  207 — 208. 
forfeiture  of  candidate's,    208—210. 
at  university  election,  210. 

when  election  held  under  system  of  transferable  vote, 
how  number  of  votes  reckoned,   210. 

DESCRIPTION,  INACCURATE, 

provisions  as  to  misnomer  or,   353 — 354. 

DIRECT  PECUNIARY  LOSS,  meaning  of,  149—152. 

DIRECTIONS  OF  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD 

to  registration  officers,  133. 

See  also  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD,  DIRECTIONS  OF. 

DISQUALIFICATION, 

of  returning  officer  for  being  candidate  removed  in  certain 

cases,  218,  219. 
in  Scotland,  not  removed,  220. 
in  Ireland,  not  removed,  220. 

DISQUALIFICATIONS,  112—123. 

poor  relief  no  longer  disqualifies,  116 — 117. 
conscientious  objectors,  117 — 121. 
legally  incapacitated,  118. 
effect  of  disqualification,  118. 
women  cannot  be,  117. 

See  also  LEGAL  INCAPACITY. 
F.  49 


770  INDKX. 

DIVISION 

of  county  or  borough  regarded  as  a  constituency,  305. 

DOCUMENT, 

destruction,  mutilation  or  removal  of,  penalty  for,  351. 

DOCUMENTS,  PUBLICATION  OF, 

meaning  of,  in  Registration  Eules,  350 — 351. 
keeping  document  published,   351. 

periods  during  which  particular  documents  must  be  kept 

published,  748,  750. 

effect  of  non-compliance  with  rules  as  to,  351. 
penalty,  351. 

DUTIES,  REGISTRATION,  133—134. 

penalty  for  failure  to  perform,  133 — 134. 

DWELLING-HOUSE, 

what  is,  49—54,  307. 

inhabited  by  virtue  of  office,  service  or  employment,  49 — 56. 

not  inhabited  by  person  in  whose  service  elector  is,  55 — 56. 

does  not  include  lodgings,  70. 

definition  of,  in  present  Act,  307. 


ELECTION, 

day  of,  at  general  election,  meaning  of,  179. 

at  bye-election,  179. 
time  appointed  for,   207 — 208. 
when  begins,  242—250. 
meaning  of,  in  sect.  8  (2)... 111. 
to  fill  a  casual  vacancy,  meaning  of,  111. 

voting  at,  111 — 112. 

held  during  present  war  or   12  months  thereafter,  special 
provisions  as  to,   337. 

ELECTION  AGENT, 
appointment  of,  271. 

necessity  for  early,  276 — 277. 

written  authorization  of,  necessary  for  holding  public  meet- 
ing, etc.,  in  support  of  candidate,  276. 

ELECTION  AGENT,  SUB-AGENT,  POLLING  AGENT, 
CLERK  OR  MESSENGER, 
previous   disqualification  of,   removed,   115,    122. 


INDEX.  771 

ELECTION,  BOROUGH, 

expression,  in  First  Schedule  (Part  IV.)  of  Corrupt  Practices 
Act,  1883,  as  to  maximum  scale  of  election  expenses  in- 
cludes university  election,  281. 

ELECTION  EXPENSES,  223—264. 
what  are,  224—232,   242—250. 
maximum  scale  of,   223,  228,    229,   230—232. 
return  of,  264. 

declaration   by  election   agent,  264. 
declaration  by  candidate,  264. 
persons  legally  employed  for  payment,  224—226,  231—232, 

232—242. 

of  joint  candidates,  229—230. 
illegal  practice  of  incurring  expense  in  excess  of  maximum, 

231. 

fee  to  election  agent,  232. 
personal  expenses  of  candidate,  232. 
public  meetings,  250—253,  263—264. 
political  education,  250 — 253. 
pamphlets,  etc.,  253 — 254. 
4(  nursing  "  constituency,  254 — 255. 
committee  room,  255 — 256. 
registration,  improving,  257 — 259. 
newspaper,  258 — 259. 
conversazione,  259 — 260. 
expense  incurred  by  association,  260 — 262. 
printing  and  publishing  addresses,  etc.,  262 — 263. 
university  election,  at,  281. 

applicability  of  maximum   scale  to,    281. 
expenses  of  public  meetings,  advertisements,  circulars,  etc., 
not  to  be  incurred  by  unauthorized  persons,  269 — 277. 

must  be  returned  as  part  of  candidate's,  276. 

corrupt  practice  of  incurring  such  expense,  274 — 276. 
punishment,  274—276. 

written  authorization  of  election  agent  necessary,  276. 
charge  for  use  of  elementary  school  to  be  included  in,  206. 
damage  to  elementary  school  need  not  be  included  in,  206. 

ELECTION,  GENERAL,  definition,  306. 

ELECTION,  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT,  definition,  305—306. 

49(2) 


77^  INDEX. 

ELECTION,  PLACE  OP, 
what  is,  223. 

in  Scotland,  223. 
in  Ireland,  223. 

ELECTION  PETITION, 

when  vote  may  be  disallowed  on,   1013 — 107. 

ELECTION,  UNIVERSITY,  definition  of,  306. 
See  also  UNIVERSITY  ELECTION. 

ELECTOR,  PARLIAMENTARY, 

meaning  of,  "  for  a  constituency    (other  than   a  university 

constituency),"  3,  footnote  (a). 
for  university  constituency,  meaning  of,  38. 

ELECTORAL  AREA,  LOCAL  GOVERNMENT,  definition,  305. 

ELECTORAL  DIVISION,  WARD  OR, 

local  government  elector  not  entitled  to  vote  for  more  than 

one,  except  to  fill  casual  vacancy,  110 — 112. 
local  government  elector  may  be  registered  in  more  than  one, 

except  in  municipal  borough,  111. 

ELECTORS  LISTS, 

duty  of  registration  officer  with  respect  to  preparation  of,  341. 

form  of,  341,  603—604. 

registration  officer  to  allow  inspection  of,  351. 

registration  officer  to  allow  extracts  to  be  taken  from,  351 . 

registration  officer  on  payment  of  fee  to  supply  copies  of,  351 . 

corrections  in,  by  registration  officer  otherwise  than  in  pur- 
suance of  claim  or  objection,  348 — 349. 
notice  to  person  affected,  348 — 349. 

formation  of,  into  register,  349. 

powers  and  duty  of  registration  officer  to  correct  and  make 
complete,   347—348. 

duty  of  registration  officer  to  publish,  341. 

date  for  publication,   341. 

notice  as  to  mode  of  making  objections  to,  duty  of  regis- 
tration officer  to  publish,  341. 

notice  as  to  mode  of  making  claims,  duty  of  registry tiou 
officer  to  publish,  341. 


INDEX.  773 

ELEMENTARY  SCHOOL, 

right  to  use-  of,  by  candidate,  204 — 206. 

charge  to  cover  expenses  incurred   by  local  education 

authority,  205—206, 

to  be  returned  as  part  of  election  expenses,  206. 
damage  to,  by  reason  of  use  by  candidate,  205 — 206. 

not  an  election  expense,  206. 
meaning  of,  in  Scotland,  207. 

EMPLOYEE 

may  possibly  be  entitled  to  business  premises  qualification, 
36,  37. 

EMPLOYEE, 

when,  occupies  premises  for  purpose  of  business,  profession 
or  trade,  34^-36. 

EMPLOYEE,  ABSENT, 

may  be  entitled  to  business  premises  qualification,  36. 

EXEMPTION,  ABSOLUTE, 

of  conscientious  objector,  effect  of,  on  qualification,  113. 

EXPENSES, 

of  returning  officer,  214 — 217. 

Treasury  scale  of  maximum,  216,  217. 
Treasury  regulations  as  to,  216,   217. 
of  public  meetings,  advertisements,  circulars,  etc.,  not  to  be 

incurred  by  unauthorized  persons,  269 — 277. 
written  authorization  of  election  agent  necessary,  276. 
must  be  returned  as  part  of  candidate's  election  ex- 
penses, 276. 

incurring,  on  account  of  public  meetings,  or  issuing  adver- 
tisements, circulars  or  publications  by  unauthorized 
persons,  is  corrupt  practice,  292 — 293. 
punishment  for,  293 — 294. 

EXPENSES,  EEGISTEATION,  139—145. 

scale  of,  610 — 612.     See  also  EEGISTRATION  EXPENSES. 


FAOTOE, 

registration  officer  may  require,  of  householder,  etc.,  to  giy« 

information,  352. 
penalty  for  not  giving  or  giving  false,  352. 


774  INDEX. 

FALSE  DEOLAEATION,  MAKING  KNOWINGLY,  292. 
punishment  for,  293—294. 

FEE, 

list  of  foes  in  connection  with  registration,  751. 
for  registration  for  university  constituency,  154,  155. 
fees  received  by  registration  officer  to  be  accounted  for,  141, 
142. 

FELON,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5 — 6. 

FIEST  EEGISTEE, 

coming  into  force  and  duration  of,  336,  752. 

alteration  of  registration  dates  in  connection  with,  336,  749, 

752. 
period  during  which  to  be  kept  published,  748,  750. 

FISHEEMAN, 

when,  may  vote  by  proxy,  174 — 175,  201. 

included  in  "  naval  or  military  voters,"  77 — 78,  83 — 84. 

FIVE  POUNDS,  yearly  value  of,  meaning  of,  70—71. 
FLAT  may  be  a  "house,"  17—20. 
FOEFEITUEE  OF  DEPOSIT,  208—210. 

FOEMS, 

Order  in  Council  prescribing,  for  registration  purposes,  133 — 

134,  555—578. 
Order  in  Council  prescribing,  for  Scotland  and  Ireland,  626 — 

627. 

County  Court  Eules  Forms,  648—661. 
Form    of    Information     from     Householder     or     Occupier 

(Form  A),  556—560. 
of    Information    from      Owner,    Agent    or    Factor 

(Form  B),  560—561. 

requiring  supplemental  information  (Form  0),  561. 
of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Man's  Parliamentary  Claim 

(Eesidence  Qualification),  562. 

of  Eequisition  for  certified  copy  of  entry  of  birth,  576. 
of  Eegister,  577—578. 
of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Man's  Parliamentary  Claim 

(Business  Premises  Qualification),  563. 
of  Claim  to  be  registered,   Woman's  Parliamentary 
Claim  (Own  Occupation),  564. 


INDEX.  775 

FORMS — continued. 

of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Woman's  Parliamentary 
Claim  (Husband's  Occupation),  565. 

of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Local  Government  Claim 
(all  Oases  except  that  of  a  Woman  Claiming  in 
respect  of  her  Husband's  Qualification),  566. 

of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Loc&l  Government  Claim 
(Woman  Claiming  in  respect  of  Husband's  Quali- 
fication), 567. 

of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Claim  made  by. one  Person 
on  behalf  of  another  (Parliamentary),  568. 

of  Claim  to  be  registered,  Claim  made  by  one  Person 
on  behalf  of  another  (Local  Government),  568. 

of  Claim  for  Correction  of  Entry  in  Lists,  569. 

of  Claim  and  Declaration  to  be  made  by  Naval  and 
Military  Voters  before  being  registered  in  respect 
of  an  Actual  Residence  Qualification,  569. 

of  Notice  of  Objection  to  Lists  of  Parliamentary 
Electors,  570. 

of  Notice  of  Objection  to  Lists  of  Local  Govern- 
ment Electors,  570. 

of  Notice  of  Objection  to  Claims  (Parliamentary),  570. 

of  Notice  of  Objection  to  Claims  (Local  Govern- 
ment), 571. 

Forms  of  Statement  to  be  made  under  sect.   5   (2)   of  the 
Act,  by  Men,  571—573. 

by  Women,  573 — 574. 
Form   of    Claim  to  be  placed  on  Absent  Voters  List,  575. 

of  Notice  of  Appeal  from   decision   of  registration 
officer — to  registration  officer,  575. 
to  opposite  party,  576. 

of  voting  paper  at  university  election,  372. 
Scotland,  383—386. 

of  claim  to  vote  in  polling  district  where  voter  does 
not  reside,  752. 

of  application  for  appointment  of  a  Proxy,  754. 

of  authority  to  apply  for  appointment  of  a  Proxy, 
755. 

of  Proxy  Paper,  756. 

of  Cancellation  of  Proxy  Paper,  757. 

of  Receipt  for  money  levied  or  paid  under  process, 
666. 

of  Certificate  on  Taxation  under  sect.  29  of  present 
Act,  667. 


776  INDEX. 

FORMS — continued. 

of  claim  and  notices  of  objections  to  be  supplied  by  regis- 
tration officer  without  fee,  351. 

FOUR  MONTHS, 

meaning  of  provisions  as  to  letting  during,  16 — 23. 
in  local  government   franchise,  45 — 46,   60. 

FRANCHISE, 

parliamentary  (men),  1 — 37. 
university,  men,  37 — 40. 

for  Scottish  universities,  39. 
•iocal  government  (men),  40 — 63. 
parliamentary  (women),  63 — 73. 
university  (women),  73. 

-fecal  government  (women),  in  own  right,  73 — 75. 
-local  government  (women)  in  husband's  right,  75 — 76. 
of  male  naval  or  military  voter,  76 — 93. 
residence  qualification,  86 — 90. 

actual,  91—93, 

business  premises  qualification,  86 — 91. 
university  qualification,  86,  90,  93. 
of  female  naval  or  military  voter,  93 — 94. 
parliamentary  and  local  government  franchise  enacted  by 
present  Act  to  take  the  place  of  all  parliamentary  and 
local   government  franchises   previously   existing,    308. 

FRANCHISE,  SERVICE, 

for  local  government  elections,  48 — 56. 

FRANCHISES,  MEMORANDUM  AS   TO, 

issued  by  Local  Government  Board  to  registration  officers, 
589—596. 

FREE  POSTAGE,  right  to,  by  candidate,  264—269. 

FREEHOLD,  COPYHOLD  OR  ANY  OTHER  TENURE, 
owner  of  property  held  by,  meaning  of  in  sect.  10...  124. 

FREEMEN, 

registration  of,  147 — 148. 
voting  by,  147 — 148. 

FULL  AGE, 

what  is,  4. 

women  must  attain,  for  loi'al  government  franchise  in  own 
right,  73—74. 


INDEX.  777 

FULL  PAY, 

serving  on,  as  member  of  naval,  military  or  air  forces  of 

Crown,  82—83. 
women  may  perhaps  be,  82 — 83. 

FUND,  BOROUGH, 

registration  expenses  to  be  paid  out  of,  139 — 140. 

where  no,  or  borough  rate,  how  paid,  139 — 140. 
contribution  by  Parliament,  to,  141. 

FUND,  COUNTY, 

registration  expends  to  be  paid  out  of,  139 — 140. 

FURNISHED  HOUSE.     See  LETTING. 


GENERAL  ELECTION,  definition,  306. 

GROSS  ESTIMATED  RENTAL, 
what  is,  28 — 33. 
opinion  of  registration  officer  as   to,   30 — 33. 

GROSS  VALUE, 
what  is,  28—33. 
opinion  of  registration  officer  as  to,  30 — 33. 


HOLIDAYS 

not  to  be  counted  in  reckoning  time  for  purposes  of  Regis- 
tration Rules,.  353—354. 

HOUSE,  meaning  of,  16—22. 

"HOUSE"    AND    "DWELLING-HOUSE,"    DIFFERENCE 
BETWEEN,  21—22. 

HOUSEHOLDER, 

registration  officer  may  require,  or  occupier  of  land  to  give 

information,   352. 

notice  requiring  jnformation  may  be  sent  by  post,  352. 
penalty  for  not  giving  or  giving  false  information,  352. 

HOUSE  TO  HOUSE  INQUIRY, 

registration  officer  to  make,  for  purpose  of  preparing  electors 
lists,  341. 


778  INDEX. 

IDENTITY,  DEOLAEATION  OF, 

to  be  sent  with  ballot  paper  to  absent  voter,  172 — 173,  181- 

IDIOT,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5. 

ILLEGAL  EMPLOYMENT,  300—301. 
punishment  of,  302. 

candidate  or  election  agent  guilty  of,  302. 
person  guilty  of,  etc.,  legally  incapacitated,  6,  7. 

ILLEGAL  HIEING,  301—302. 
punishment  of,  302. 

candidate  or  election  agent  guilty  of,  302. 

ILLEGAL  PAYMENT,  299—300. 
punishment  of,  302. 

candidate  or  election  agent  guilty  of,  302. 

ILLEGAL  PEACTIOE, 

person  guilty  of,  when  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  6 — 7. 

list  of  illegal  practices,  294 — 299. 

punishment  of,  299. 

voting  for  more   constituencies  than   allowed,   punishment 

for,  164—165,  166. 
relief  from,  164r— 165,  166. 

incurring  expense  in  excess  of  maximum  is  an,  231 . 
in  connection  with  voting  by  proxy,  361. 

ILLEGAL  PEACTICES,  OOEEUPT  AND, 

duty  of  registration  officer  to  publish  list  of,  342. 

IMBECILE,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5. 

INAOCUEATE  DESOEIPTION, 

provisions  as  to  misnomer  or,   353. 

INCAPACITY,  LEGAL.    See  LEGAL  INCAPACITY. 
INFANT,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5. 

INFOEMATION, 

registration  officer  may  require  any   householder,   etc.,  or 

factor  to  give,   352. 

notice  requiring,  may  be  sent  by  post,  352. 
penalty  for  not  giving  or  giving  false,  351. 

INFEINGEMENT  OF  SEOEEOY,  286—287. 


INDEX.  77$ 

INQUIRY, 

house  to  house,  to  be  made  by  registration  officer,  for  pur- 
pose of  preparing  electors  lists,  341 . 

INSTRUCTIONS 

by  Local  Government  Board  to  registration  officers.     See 
LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD,  DIRECTIONS  OF. 

INTERPRETATION,  305—308, 

IRELAND, 

application  of  Act  to,  326— 335V. 

meaning  of  "yearly  value"  in,  33,  335. 

register  in,  130,  334—335. 

registration  officers  and  areas  in,  132,  327 — 328,  329—330. 

appeals  in,  138—139,  331. 

registration  expenses  in,  143—145,  327—329,  331—332. 

meaning  of  "expenses  properly  incurred  by  the  regis- 
tration officer  "  in,  144 — 145. 
application  of  Registration  Rules  to,  354 — 357. 
registration  forms  for,  Order  in  Council  prescribing,  626 — 
627. 

ISLES  OF  SCILLY,  application  of  Act  to,  335. 


JOINT  OCCUPATION, 

in  business  premises   qualification,   37. 

in  local  government  franchise,  56 — 57,  60. 

by  lodgers,  60. 

may  be  by  one  on  behalf  of  others,  57. 

in   women's  parliamentary    franchise,   69 — 70. 


LAND  OR  OTHER  PREMISES, 

meaning  of,  for  business  premises  qualification,  28. 

LAND  OR  PREMISES, 

meaning  of,  for  local  government  franchise,  60. 

LAND  OR  PREMISES   (NOT  A  DWELLING-HOUSE)   OF 
YEARLY  VALUE  OF  £5.  meaning  of,  70. 

LAST  DAY  OF  QUALIFYING  PERIOD,  what  is,  9. 


780  INDEX. 

LAW,  POINT  OF, 

appeal  to  Court  of  Appeal  only  on,  137 — 138. 
what  is,  138. 

LEGAL  INCAPACITY, 
effect  of,  7—8. 
nature  of,  4. 

for  men's  parliamentary  franchises,  who  are  subject  to,  5 — 7. 
for  men's  university  franchise,  38. 
for  men's  local  government  franchise,  42. 
for  franchises  of  women,  67 — 68,  73,  74,  75. 
for  franchise  of  naval  or  military  voter,  82. 
duty  of  registration  officer  as  to  persons  subject  to,  7 — 8. 

LETTING  QUALIFYING  PREMISES, 
effect  on  residence  qualification,  16 — 23. 

four  months  need  not  be  consecutive,  22. 

tenant  may  qualify,  22 — 23. 

effect  on  business  premises  qualification,  27 — 28. 
in   local  government   franchise,   45 — 46. 

LIMITATION, 

period  of  time  within  which  proceedings  under  sect.  38  may 

be  commenced,  283. 
what  is,  303. 
how  reckoned,  284,  302—303. 

LIMITATION  IN  NUMBER  OF  VOTES  ALLOWED,  108—112. 

LISTS  OF  CLAIMANTS, 

publication  of,  by  registration  officer,  343. 
time  for,  343. 

LISTS  OF  PERSONS  OBJECTED  TO, 

publication  of,  by   registration  officer,    344 — 345. 
time  for,  344—345. 

LISTS.     See  ELECTORS  LISTS. 

LIVERY-MAN.     See  FREEMEN. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  AUTHORITY,  meaning  of,  124. 

LOCAL  AUTHORITY,  QUALIFICATION  FOR    MEMBER- 
SHIP OF,  123—124. 
enlarged  by  present  Act,  123. 


INDEX. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  BOARD,  DIRECTIONS  OF, 
to  registration  officers,  133 — 134. 
as  to  duties  of  registration  officer,  579 — 580. 

certificates  of  birth  and  statutory  declarations,   580. 
franchises,   580—581,  589—596. 
order  of  names  in  register,  581 — 582. 
employment  of  overseers,  582 — 583. 
registration  expenses,  583 — 584. 
printing  arrangements,  584 — 587. 

appointment  of  deputy  registration  officers,  587 — 588. 
to  registration  officers,  as  to  division  of  parliamentary  con- 
stituencies into  polling  districts  and  appointment  of  poll- 
ing places,  618—619. 

to  registration  officers,  as  to  registration  expenses,  620. 
as  to  order  of  names  in  register,  621. 
as  to  vacancy  in  office  of  registration  officer,  621. 
as  to  polling  districts  and  polling  places,  621—622. 
as  to  access  to  food  registers,  623. 
as  to  naval  and  military  voters,  623 — 624. 
as  to  provision  of  ballot  boxes,  etc.,  624 — 625. 
as  to  work  recognized  under  sect.  5  (3)  (ii)  (c),  625. 
as  to  registration  of  naval  or  military  voters,  628 — 629. 
as  to  delivery  of  cards  containing  statements  of  naval 

or  military  voters,  630—631. 
as  to  title  for  electors  lists,  631. 

as  to  absent  voters  list,  publication  of  documents,  etc., 
632. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  ELECTION,  definition,  305—306. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  ELECTORAL  AREA,  definition,  305. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  (ELECTIONS)  ACT,  1896, 
made  permanent,  278. 

LOCAL  GOVERNMENT  FRANCHISE.    See  FRANCHISE. 

LODGER, 

difference  between  tenant  and,  57 — 58. 

meaning  of,  58. 

difference   between    "  occupation  "    by,    and    occupation    by 

tenant,  59—60. 
apartments  of,  must  be  unfurnished  for  local  government 

franchise,  57 — 58. 

occupation  by,  meaning  of,  59 — 60. 
joint  occupation  by,  60. 


782  INDEX. 

LODGINGS  cannot  be  a  "dwelling-house,'*  70. 
LOSS,  DIRECT  PECUNIARY,  meaning  of,  149—153. 
LUNATIC,  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5. 
LUNATIC  ASYLUM.     See  ASYLUM. 

MARK, 

against  name  in  register,  340,  577. 

placing  of,  against  name  in   register,   appeal   from  regis- 
tration officer  as  to,  135,  136,  137. 

MEETING  OF  PARLIAMENT,  time  appointed  for,  162. 

MEMBER  OF  NAVAL,  MILITARY  OR  AIR  FORCES  OF 

CROWN,  82—83. 
women  may  perhaps  be,  82 — 83. 

MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  FRANCHISES, 

issued  by  Local  Government  Board  to  registration  officers, 
589—596. 

MEMORANDUM  AS  TO  NAVAL  AND  MILITARY  VOTERS, 

issued  by  Local  Government  Board,  605 — 609. 

MERCHANT  SEAMAN, 

when,  may  vote  by  proxy,  174—175,  201 — 202. 

MESSENGER, 

in   employment  of   candidate,   previous    disqualification   of, 
removed,  115,  122. 

METROPOLIS, 

value  of  premise*  in,  to  be  "  gross  value,"  28 — 31,  307 — 308. 

METROPOLITAN  BOROUGH, 

included  in  "municipal  borough  "  in  Part  V.  of  Act,  145 — 

146. 
application  of  Part  II.  of  Act  to,  145—146. 

registration  expenses  in,  how  paid,  146. 

METROPOLITAN  BOROUGH  COUNCIL, 

registration  expenses  of,  how  paid,  146. 

MILITARY  VOTER.     See  NAVAL  OR   MILITARY   VOTER. 
MISNOMER,  provisions  us   to,  or  inaccurate  description,   353. 


INDEX.  783 

MUNICIPAL  BOROUGH, 

local  government  elector   may   not   be   registered   in  more 

than  one  ward  or  electoral  division  of,  111 — 112. 
reference  to,  in  Part  II.   of  Act  to  include  metropolitan 

borough,  145—146. 

MUNICIPAL    ELECTIONS     (CORRUPT     AND     ILLEGAL 
PRACTICES)  ACT,  1884,  made  permanent,  278. 


NAMES,  order  of,  in  register,  340. 

NATIONAL  IMPORTANCE, 
work  of,  what  is,  84 — 85. 
work  recognized  as  of,  list  of  bodies  with  addresses,  608 — 

609. 
list  of  bodies  recognized  by  Admiralty,  Army  Council  and 

Air  Council  as  work  of,  635. 

NATIONAL  REGISTER, 

registration  officer  to  have  access  to,  352. 

NATIONALITY, 

declaration   as  to,   registration  officer   may  require,   before 

registering  any  person,   352. 

registration  officer  to  allow  inspection  of,  and  copy  of, 
to  be  made,   353. 

NATURALISATION, 

certificate  of,  registration  officer  may  require,  before  register- 
ing any  person,  352. 

NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  CHARACTER, 

service  of,  what  is,  84. 
women  may  be.  in,  84. 

NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTER, 

franchise  of,  76—94. 

legal  incapacities  applicable  to,  82. 

what  is,  76—85. 

age  required  for  female,  80. 

age  required  for  male,  80 — 82. 


784  INDEX. 

NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  VOTER— continued. 

male,  qualified  at  19  years  of  age,  80 — 82. 

but  not  discharged  soldier  or  sailor,  81 — 82. 
qualifications,  85 — 94. 
male,  residence  qualification,  86 — 90. 

actual,   91—93. 

business   premises  qualification,   86 — 91. 
university  qualification,  86,  90,  93. 
female,  qualifications  of,  93 — 94. 
qualifying  period  applicable  to,  87 — 88,  91,  92. 
registration  of,  88 — 90. 
statement  by,  as  to  qualification,  88' — 89. 

when  received  by  registration  officer  too  late  for  in- 
clusion in  electors  lists,  to  be  treated  as  claim  to  be 
registered,  749. 

when  statement  by  merchant  seaman,  &c.  contains  state- 
ment of  actual  residence,  registration  officer  neverthe- 
less to  place  name  on  absent  voters  list,  749. 
claim   to  be   registered   for    actual    residence   qualification, 

91—93. 

registered  by  virtue  of  residence  qualification  which  he  would 
have  had  but  for  service,  deemed  to  be  resident  for  pur- 
pose of  women's  local  government  franchise  in  husband's 
right,  76. 

registered  in  respect  of  qualification  he  would  have  had  but 
for  service,  deemed  to  be  registered  by  virtue  of  that 
qualification,  112. 

when,  may  vote  by  proxy,  174—175,  201—202. 
duty  of  registration  officer  to  place,  on  absent  voters  list, 

345—346. 

when  not  to  be  placed  on  absent  voters  list,  345 — 346. 
notice  by,  that  he  does  not  desire  to  be  placed  on  absent 

voters  list,  345. 
time  for,  345. 
registered  in  respect  of  actual  residence  qualification,  not 

to  be  placed  on  absent  voters  list,  346. 

information  as  to,  to  be  supplied  by  Admiralty,  Army  Coun- 
cil and  Air  Council  to  registration  officers,  346. 
registration  officer  to  keep  record  of  addresses  of, 

conditions   under  which  record  of   addresses   open   to 

inspection,  346. 
memorandum  as  to,  issued  by  Local  Government  Board,  605 — 


INDEX.  785 

NINETEEN  YEAES,  AGE  OF, 

male  naval  or  military  voter  qualified  at,  80 — 82. 
meaning  of,  81. 

discharged  soldier  or  sailor  not  qualified  at  nineteen. 
81—82. 

NOMINATED,  duly,  meaning  of,  265—269. 

NOMINATION, 

meaning  of  "duly  nominated,"  265 — 269. 
what  is,  265—269. 
place  of,  217. 

day  appointed  for,  meaning  of,  179 — 180. 
day  fixed  for  receiving  nominations  to  be  same  in  all  con- 
stituencies, 161 — 163. 

NOTICE, 

registration  officer  to  give,  to  person  affected  by  correction 
in  lists  otherwise  than  in  pursuance  of  claim  or  objection, 
348—349. 

NOTICE  OF  OBJECTION.     See  also  OBJECTION. 

registration  officer  to  supply  forms  of,  without  fee,  351. 
registration  officer  to  supply  copy  of,  on  payment  of  fee, 

351. 

amount  of  fee,  748,  751. 
mode  of  sending,  351. 

NOTICE  TO  QUIT, 

effect  of,  on  residence  in  connection  with  residence  quali- 
fication, 16,  23. 
effect  of,  on  occupation  in  connection  with  business  premises 

qualification,  27,  28. 

on  occupation  in  connection  with  local  government  fran- 
chise, 45,  46. 

NUMBEE  OF  VOTES  ALLOWED,  108—112. 


OATH, 

power  of  registration  officer  to  require  evidence  on,  at  hearing 

of  claim  or  objection,  353. 
F.  50 


786  INDEX. 

OBJECTION, 

who  may  object,  344. 
how  made,  344. 
notice  of,  344. 

time  for  sending,  344. 

copy  of,  to  be  sent  by  registration  officer  to  person  ob- 
jected to,  344. 
to  name  in  electors  list,  344. 

in  list  of  claimants,  344. 
list  of  persons  to  whose  names  notice  of,  has  been  given, 

publication  of,  by  registration  officer,  344 — 345. 
time  for,  344—345. 

time  during  which  to  be  kept  published,  748,  750. 
publication  of  objections  to  lists,  344. 

to  claims,  344—345. 

time  during  which  to  be  kept  published,  748,  750. 
to  correction  of  lists  by  registration  officer  not  in  pursuance 

of  claim  or  objection,  348 — 349. 
who  may  appear  on  consideration  of,  353. 
notice  as  to  mode  of  making,  duty  of  registration  officer  to 

publish,  341. 

powers  and  duty  of  registration  officer  with  respect  to  cor- 
rection of  lists  in  consequence  of  his  decision  on,  347 — 348. 
registration  officer  to  supply  forms  of  notice  of,  without  fee, 

351. 
registration  officer  to  supply  copy  of  notice  of,  on  payment 

of  fee,  351. 

amount  of  fee,  748,  751. 
mode  of  sending,  351. 

consideration  of,  by  registration  officer,  347. 
time  for,  347. 
notice  to  parties  as  to,  347. 
powers  of  registration  officer  on,  347. 
appeal  from  decision  of  registration  officer  as  to,  134 — 137. 

OBJECTOK, 

no  appeal  by,  who  has  not  availed  himself  of  opportunity 
of  being  heard  before  registration  officer,  135,  137. 

OBJEOTOE,  CONSCIENTIOUS, 

subject  to  legal  incapacity,  7,  117 — 121. 

OCCUPIED  FOB  THE    PUEPOSE    OE    BUSINESS,    PEO- 
PESSION  OE  TEADE,  meaning  of,  34—37. 


INDEX.  787 

OCCUPATION, 

meaning  of,  for  business  premises  qualification,  25 — 28. 

constructive,  26—27,  44—45. 

when  deemed  not  to  be  interrupted  by  letting  for  business 
premises  qualification,  27 — 28. 

as  owner  or  tenant,  meaning  of,  in'  local  government  fran- 
chise, 43 — 46. 

when  deemed  not  to  be  interrupted  by  letting  in  local  govern- 
ment franchise,  45 — 46. 

by  lodger,  meaning  of,  59 — 60. 

OCCUPATION,  JOINT.     See  JOINT  OCCUPATION. 
OCCUPATION,  SUCCESSIVE.    See  SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION. 

OCCUPYING, 

in  local  government  franchise,  used  in  different  meanings, 

43—44. 
comparison  between  meaning  of,  in  sects.  1  and  3... 44. 

OFFENCES   COMMITTED  OUTSIDE  UNITED  KINGDOM, 
punishment  of,  283 — 303. 

period  of  time  within  which  proceedings  must  be  com- 
menced, 284,  302 — 303. 

OFFENCES  IN  RESPECT  OF  NOMINATION  PAPERS, 
BALLOT  PAPERS,  ETC.,  285—286. 

OFFENCES  UNDER  BALLOT  ACT,  285—287. 

OFFICIAL  TELEGRAPHIC  INFORMATION, 

of  writ  having  been  issued  for  election  to  be  equivalent  to 
receipt  of  writ,  161—162,  163. 

OFFICERS,  REGISTRATION,  130—131. 
in  Scotland,  131. 
in  Ireland,  132. 
duties  of,  133—134. 

penalty  for  failure  to  perform,   133 — 134. 
See  also  REGISTBATION  OFFICER. 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL, 

prescribing  forms  for  registration  purposes,  133 — 134,  555 — 

578. 
prescribing  dates  in  connection  with    first   register,    128 — 

129,  749,  752. 

prescribing  forms  for  Scotland  and  Ireland,  626 — 627. 
50  (2) 


788  INDEX. 

ORDER  IN  COUNCIL — continued. 

complying  with  provisions  of  Eules  Publication  Act,  1893... 
626—627. 

prescribing  fees,  period  during  which  documents  mus't  be 
kept  published,  registration  dates,  rules  in  connection  with 
statements  by  naval  or  military  voters,  etc.,  747 — 753. 

permitting  voting  by  proxy  by  naval  or  military  voters  in 
certain  areas  abroad,  753. 

prescribing  forms  and  making  regulations  as  to  the  mode  in 
which  proxy  papers  may  be  issued  and  cancelled,  754 — 757. 

All  Orders  in  Council  under  Act  to  be  laid  before  Parlia- 
ment, 304. 

power  of  either  House  of  Parliament  to  annul,  304. 

any,  may  be  revoked  or  varied  by  subsequent,  304. 

to  have  effect  as  if  enacted  in  Act,  304. 

OVEKSEEE, 

registration  officer   may   require,    to   prepare   and   publish 

electors  lists,  341 — 342. 
duty  of,  as  to  preparation  of  lists,  etc.,  341 — 342. 

to  furnish  information  to  registration  officer,  341 — 342. 
expenses  of,  in  connection  with  preparation  of  lists,  etc., 

to  be  paid  by  registration  officer,  342. 
meaning  of,  342. 
instructions  by  registration  officer  to  overseers,  issued  by 

Local  Government  Board,  397 — 609. 

OWNEE, 

meaning  of,  in  relation  to  local  government  franchise,  46. 
meaning  of  owner  of  property  held  by  freehold,  copyhold 
or  any  other  tenure  in  sect.  10... 124. 

OXEOED  AND  CAMBEIDGE, 

women  not  admitted  to  degrees  at,  but  qualified  to  vote 
for,  73. 

PAELIAMENT, 

all  Orders  in  Council  under  Act  to  be  laid  before,  304. 
power  of  either  House  of,  to  annul  Orders  in  Council,  304. 

PAELIAMENT,  MEETING  OP,  time  appointed  for,  162. 

PAELIAMENT,  MONEYS  PEOVIDED  BY, 

contribution  out  of,  to  council  on  account  of  registration 
expenses,  141. 


INDEX.  789 

PARLIAMENTARY   ELECTIONS   AND  CORRUPT    PRAC- 
TICES ACT,  1880,  made  permanent,  278. 

PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  RETURNING  OFFICERS 
EXPENSES  (SCOTLAND)  ACT,  1878,  made  permanent,  278. 

PARLIAMENTARY  ELECTIONS  (RETURNING  OFFICERS) 
ACT,  1875,  made  permanent,  278. 

PECUNIARY  LOSS,  DIRECT,  meaning  of,  149—152. 

PEER, 

legally  incapacitated  for  parliamentary  franchise,  5. 
but  not  for  local  government  franchise,   42. 

PEERESS, 

in  own  right,  not  disqualified,  115,  122—123. 
by  marriage,  not  disqualified,  122 — 123. 

PEMBROKE  AND  BLACKROOK, 

townships  of,  contributions  by,  in  respect  of  registration 
expenses,  145. 

PERSONATION,  287—289. 
punishment  for,  287—289. 

PERSONS  EMPLOYED  BY  CANDIDATE, 

previous  disqualification  of,  removed,  115,   122. 

PERSONS  HOLDING  CERTAIN  OFFICES  LEGALLY  IN- 
CAPACITATED, 5. 

PETITION,  ELECTION, 

when  vote  may  be  disallowed  on,  103 — 107. 

PILOT,  when,  may  vote  by  proxy,  174—175,  201—202. 

PLACE  OF  ELECTION, 
what  is,  223,  682—683. 
in  Scotland, -223. 
in  Ireland,  223. 

POINT  OF  LAW, 

appeal  to  Court  of  Appeal  only  on.  137-138. 


790  INDEX. 

POLL, 

day  of  the,  meaning  of,  179 — 180. 

all  polls  to  be  held  on  one  day  at  general  election,  161. 
day  of,  at  general  election,   162—163,   179—180. 
day  of,  at  bye-election,  162—163,  179—180. 
questions  at.    See  QUESTIONS  AT  POLL. 

POLLING  AGENT, 

previous  disqualification  of,  removed,  115,  122. 

POLLING  DISTEIOT, 

person  residing  outside,  in  which  he  is  registered  may  make 

claim  to  vote  at  another  polling  place,  348. 
form  of  claim,  748,  752. 

POLLING  DISTRICTS, 

division  of  constituency  into,  220 — 222. 

in  Scotland,  222. 

in  Ireland,  222. 
re-arrangement  of,  303 — 304. 

POLLING  PLAGE, 

person  residing  outside  polling  district  in  which  he  is  en- 
titled to  be  registered  may  claim  to  vote  at  another, 
348. 
form  of  claim,  748,  752. 

POLLING  PLACES, 

re-arrangement  of,  303 — 304. 
appointment  of,  220 — 222. 
in  Scotland,  222. 
in  Ireland,  222. 

POLLING  STATION, 

voting  by  person  in  employment  of  returning  officer  at,  other 
than  allotted,  203—204. 

POOR  RELIEF, 

no  disqualification  by  reason  of  receipt  of,  116 — 117. 

POOR  HOUSE, 

inmate  in,  not  to  be  treated  as  resident  therein,  15,  306. 

POSTAGE,  FREE,  right  to,  by  candidate,  264—269. 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL, 

regulations  by,  as  to  free  postage  by  candidate,  264 — 265. 


INDEX.  791 

PEESOEIBED,  meaning  of,  308. 

PEEMISES.    See  QUALIFYING  PREMISES;  BUSINESS  PREMISES. 
meaning  of,  in  relation  to  residence  qualification,  23. 

PEISON, 

inmate  in,  not  to  be  treated  as  resident  therein,  15,  306. 

PBOOEDUEE  ON  APPEALS, 

determined  by  rules  of  court,  135 — 137. 

PBOMOTING  OE  PBOCUEING  ELECTION  OF  CANDIDATE, 
what  is,  271—274. 

PEOPOETIONAL  EEPBESENTATION,  155—161. 

applicable  only  to  university  elections,  155,  160 — 161. 
what  is,  158—160. 

scheme  for,  in  constituencies  other  than  university  consti- 
tuencies, 155—157,  160—161. 
rejected,  160—161. 
draft  Eules  as  to,  718—736. 

PEOXY,  VOTING  BY,  174—176,  200—203. 
area  abroad  in  which  permitted,  174. 
who  may  vote  by  proxy,  174 — 175,  201 — 202. 
rules  as  to  (4th  Schedule),  359—362. 
illegal  practice  in  connection  with,  361. 

PUBLIC  BODIES  COEEUPT  PEAOTICES  ACT,  1889, 
persons  twice  convicted  under,  legally  incapacitated,  7. 

PUBLIC  MEETINGS,  ETC., 

expenses  on  account  of  holding,  or  issuing  advertisements, 

circulars,  etcf.,  not  to  be  incurred  by  unauthorized 

persons,  269 — 277. 

written  authorization  of  election  agent  necessary,  276. 
must  be  returned  as  part  of  candidate's  election  expenses, 

276. 
corrupt  practice  of  incurring  such  expenses,  274 — 276, 

293—294. 

PUBLICATION, 

of  documents,  meaning  of,  in  Eegistration  Eules,  350 — 351. 
keeping  document  published,  351. 

period  during  which  documents  must  be  kept  published, 

748—750. 

effect  of  non-compliance  with  rules  as  to,  of  documents,  351 . 
penalty,  351. 


792  INDEX. 

PUBLICATIONS,  ADVEETISEMENTS,  CIECULAES  OB, 
meaning  of  "publications,"  271. 


QUALIFICATION  FOE  MEMBEESHIP  OF  LOCAL  AUTHO- 
-     EITY,  123—124. 
enlarged  by  present  Act,  123. 
meaning  of  owner  in  relation  to,  124. 

QUALIFICATION,  EESIDENCE.     See  EESIDENCE  QUALIFICA- 
TION. 
for  parliamentary  franchise,  what  is,  8 — 24. 

QUALIFICATIONS.     See  FRANCHISE. 

difference  between,  of  women  and  men  for  parliamentary 
franchise,  69. 

QUALIFYING  PEEIOD,  94—98. 
ordinary,  95 — 96. 
special,  96 — 98. 

applicable  to  naval  or  military  voter,  87 — 88,  91,  92,  96 — 98. 
effect  of  provisions  as  to  special,  on  sect.  7  (2)... 97 — 98. 
in  Ireland,  98.  •, 

last  day  of,  what  is,  9. 

for  residence  qualification   and  business   premises   qualifi- 
cation, what  is,  9,  24. 

for  local  government  franchise,   what  is,   61. 
for  naval  or  military  voter  in  local  government  franchise, 
97—98. 

QUALIFYING  PEEMISES, 

nature  of,  for  residence  qualification,  23. 

nature  of,  for  business  premises  qualification,  28 — 33. 

nature  of,  for  local  government  franchise  (men)   "service 

voter,"  49—54. 
lodger,  57 — 58. 
owner  or  tenant,  60. 

for  women's  parliamentary  franchise,  68 — 71. 
"in  that  constituency,"  meaning  of,  71—72. 

QUESTIONS  AT  POLL,  165,  167—172. 

questions  prescribed  by  present  Act,  167—168,  358. 
penalty  for  false  answer,  169. 
meaning  of,  171. 
when  to  be  put  to  voter,  171 — 172. 


INDEX.  793 

QUESTIONS  'AT  POLL — continued. 

questions  "  authorized  already  to  be  asked,"  168 — 169. 

penalty  for  false  answer,  168 — 169. 

oath  in  connection  with,  168 — 169. 

meaning  of,  169 — 171. 

when  to  be  put  to  voter,  171 — 172. 
not  to  be  asked  at  university  election,  172. 
declarations  in  university  voting  paper  equivalent  to,  172. 

BATE,  BOBOUGH, 

registration  expenses  to  be  paid  out  of,  139 — 140. 

where  no,  or  borough  fund,  how  paid,  139 — 140. 
contribution  by  Parliament  to,  141. 

BECKONING  OP  TIME, 

for  purposes  of  Begistration  Bules,  353 — 354. 

BED  CBOSS  SOCIETY, 

person   abroad  or  afloat  serving   in   work   of,  a  naval  or 
military  voter,  77 — 78,  83—85. 

BEDISTBIBUTION,  282—283. 
schedule  as  to,  403—554. 

Parliamentary  Boroughs — 
London,  404—419. 
England,  excluding  London   and   Monmouthshire, 

465—467. 

Scotland,  468—481. 
Parliamentary  Counties — 

England,  excluding  Monmouthshire,  482 — 536. 
Wales  and  Monmouthshire,  536 — 543. 
Scotland,  543—554. 
Universities,  554. 
in  Ireland,  not  affected  by  present  Act,  283. 

BEGISTEB, 

spring,  125—130. 

period  during  which,  in  force,  127 — 128. 
autumn,  125—130. 

period  during  which,  in  force,  127 — 128. 
dates  in  connection  with  first,  128 — 129. 
date  of  first,  128—129. 


794  INDEX. 

EEGISTER — continued. 

duration  of  first,  613. 

how  far  conclusive,  103 — 108. 

placing  or  refusal  to  place  mark  against  name  on,  appeal 

from  registration  officer  as  to,  135,  136,  137. 
copies  of,  to  be  kept  by  registration  officer  in  his  office  for 

inspection,  349. 
copies  of  part  of,  relating  to  registration  unit,  to  be  kept 

for  inspection  in  unit,  349. 
registration  officer  to  send  copy  of,  to  Local  Government 

Board  as  soon  as  possible  after  publication,  349. 
copy  of,  to  be  furnished  to  applicant  by  registration  officer, 

350. 

marks  against  names  in,  340,  577. 
order  of  names  in,  340. 
effect  of,  340—341. 
formation  of  lists  into,  349. 
publication  of,  349. 
time  for,  349. 
manner  of,  349. 
time  during  which  first  register  to  be  kept  published, 

748,  750. 

to  be  framed  in  separate  parts  for  each  registration  unit,  339. 
separate  divisions  for  parliamentary  and  local  government 

electors,  339. 
form  of,  577—578. 
specimen  form  of,  alphabetical  order,  603. 

street  order,  604. 
prepared  during  present   war   and    12   months    thereafter, 

special  provisions  as  to,  337. 
for  university  constituencies,  153 — 155. 

fee  for  registration,  154,  155. 
in  Ireland,  129—130,  334—335. 

See  also  CLAIM;    OBJECTION. 

EEGISTEE,  FIEST.    See  EEOISTEE. 

coming  into  force  and  duration  of,  336,  613,  749,  752. 

alteration  of  registration  dates  in  connection  with,  336, 

749,  752. 

EEGISTEE,  NATIONAL, 

registration  officer  to  have  access  to,  352. 


INDEX.  795 

REGISTRATION.    See  also  other  headings  under  REGISTRATION 

below  (REGISTRATION  AREA;   REGISTRATION  DATES,  etc.). 
effect  of,  on  right  to  vote,  103 — 108. 
in  more  than  one  constituency,  108. 
of  naval  or  military  voter,  88 — 90. 
of  naval  or  military  voter,  assistance  to  registration  officer 

in,  181. 
naval  or  military  voter  registered  in  respect  of  qualification 

he  would  have  had  but  for  service  to  be  deemed  to  be 

registered  by  virtue  of  that   qualification,    112. 
of  local   government   elector     in   more   than   one   ward  or 

electoral  division  allowed  except  in  municipal  borough, 

111—112. 
of  local   government   elector   in   more   than   one   ward   or 

electoral  division  of  municipal  borough  not  allowed,  111 — 

112. 
of  freemen,  147 — 148. 

REGISTRATION  APPEALS  RULES,  1918, 

being  Rules  of  Supreme  Court  as  to  appeals  to  the  Court  of 
Appeal  from  the  County  Court,  669—671. 

REGISTRATION  AREA, 
what  is,  128,  130—131. 
in  Scotland,  131. 
in  Ireland,  132. 

REGISTRATION  DATES, 

table  of,  129,  752. 

alteration  of,  in  connection  with  first  register,  336,  749,  752. 

last  date  in  connection  with  first  register  for  notice  by  naval 
or  military  voter  that  he  does  not  desire  to  be  placed  on 
absent  voters  list  (Pirst  Schedule,  r.  17),  749,  752. 

REGISTRATION  DUTIES,  1,33—134. 

penalty  for  failure  to  perform,  133 — 134. 

REGISTRATION  EXPENSES,  1.39—145. 

incurred  by  registration  officer,  139 — 142. 
how  paid,  139—142. 

contribution  by  council  of  other  area,  139. 
Treasury  scale  of,   140 — 142,  610 — 612. 
questions  as  to,  to  be  referred  to  Local  Government  Board, 
140—141. 


796  INDEX. 

EEGISTKATION  EXPENSES — continued. 

how  paid,  where  urban  district  is  coterminous  with  or  wholly 
contained  in  registration  area  which  is  a  parliamentary 
borough,  145,  146. 

of  Metropolitan  Borough  Council,  how  paid,  146. 
of  Common  Council,  how  paid,  146. 
advance  to  registration  officer  on  account  of,   141. 
in  Scotland,  142—143. 
in  Ireland,  143—145. 

EEGISTEATION  OPEICEE,  130—131. 

in  Scotland,  1.31. 

in  Ireland,  1.32. 

duties  of,  133—134. 

penalty  for  failure  to  perform,  133 — 134. 

who  is,  where  registration  area  is  a  parliamentary  county 
coterminous  with,  or  wholly  contained  in,  one  adminis- 
trative county,  130. 

who  is,  where  urban  district  is  coterminous  with  or  wholly 
contained  in  a  registration  area  wliich  is  a  parliamentary 
borough,  145,  146. 

who  is,  in  any  other  case,  130. 
Table  showing,  616,  617. 

Table  of  Parliamentary  Counties  containing  more  than 
one  administrative  county,  indicating  R.  0.  for  such  Par- 
liamentary Counties,  632. 

Table  of  Parliamentary  Boroughs  containing  more  than  one 
municipal  borough  or  urban  district,  indicating  E.  0.  for 
such  Parliamentary  Boroughs,  633 — 634. 

expenses  of,  139 — 142. 

how  paid,  139 — 142. 

advance  io,  on   account  of  registration  expenses,   141. 

to  account  for  fees,  141,  142. 

may  require  overseers  to  prepare  lists,  341 — 342. 

to  furnish  information,  341 — 342. 

EEGISTEATION  OEFIOEES  OBDEB,  1918... 615— 617. 

EEGISTBATION  BULES,  133,   134,  339—357. 
application  of,  to  Scotland,  354. 
application  of,  to  Ireland,  354 — 357. 

EEGISTEATION  UNIT,  what  is,  339. 


INDEX.  797 

REGULATIONS, 

as  to  university  elections,  281. 

by  Postmaster-General  as  to  free' postage  by  candidate,  264 — 
265. 

REPEALS,  337,  391—402. 

RESIDE,  PREMISES  IN  WHICH  THEY  BOTH, 

for  women's  local  government  franchise  in  husband's  right, 
meaning  of,  75 — 76. 

RESIDENCE.    See  also  RESIDENCE  QUALIFICATION;  RESIDENCE, 
SUCCESSIVE. 

what  is,  11—16. 

when  deemed  not  to  be  interrupted  by  letting,  16 — 23. 

when  broken,  14 — 15. 

legal  inability  to  reside,  effect  of,  on,  14 — 15. 

voluntary  incapacity  to  reside,  effect  of,  on,  15. 

inmate  or  patient  in  prison,  asylum,  workhouse,  etc.,  not 
to  be  treated  as  resident   therein,   15,   306. 

where  object  of,  is  to  obtain  vote,  effect,  15 — 16. 

necessity  for,  by  husband  and  wife  in  women's  local  govern- 
ment franchise  in  husband's  right,  75. 
where  husband  naval  or  military  voter,   76. 

of  naval  or  military  voter  husband  of  female  local  govern- 
ment elector,  76. 

RESIDENCE  QUALIFICATION, 

for  parliamentary  franchise,  what  is,  8 — 24. 
naval  or  military  voter  (male),   86 — 90. 
actual,  91—93. 

RESIDENCE,  SUCCESSIVE, 
what  is,  23—24. 

necessity  for  residence  during  30  consecutive  days  includ- 
ing last  day  of  qualifying  period  in  the  case  of,  9 — 10. 

RESIDING  IN  PREMISES.    See  also  RESIDENCE. 
meaning  of,  10—16,  23. 

RETURNING  OFFICER, 
who  is,  211—214. 
expenses  of,  214—217. 

Treasury  scale  of  maximum,  216,  217. 
Treasury  regulations  as  to,  216,  217. 


798  INDEX. 

RETURNING   OFFICER — continued. 

discharge  of  duties  of,  by  acting,  217 — 220. 

may  reserve  to  himself  and  undertake  to  perform  all  or  any 

duties  of,  218,  219. 
where  all  duties  of,  discharged  by  acting  returning  officer, 

not  disqualified  for  being  candidate,   218,   219. 
giving  casting  vote  by,  not  an  illegal  practice,  165,  167. 
to  send  ballot  paper  to  absent  voter,  173,  180—181. 
to  treat  absent  voter's  ballot  paper  like  ordinary  ballot  paper, 

173,  182—200. 
not  to  send  ballot  paper  to  absent  voter  who  has  appointed 

a  proxy,  175 — 176,  202. 
not  to  send  ballot  paper  to  naval  or  military  voter  who  is 

serving  in  area  where  voting  by  proxy  is  permitted,  175 — 

176,  202. 
persons  in  the  employment  of,  voting  by,  203 — 204. 

at  polling  station  other  than   allotted  polling  station, 

203—204. 

duty  of,  as  to  counting  ballot  papers,  182 — 200. 
may  authorize  employe  to  vote  at  polling  station  other  than 

allotted  polling  station,  203—204. 
in  Scotland,  21j2. 
in  Ireland,  .212—214. 
who  is  to  be,   for   Scottish  constituency  situated  in  more 

than  one  sheriffdom,  391. 

BIGHT  OF  PERSON  REGISTERED  TO  VOTE,  100—112. 
RULES  OP  COURT,  134—137,  636—671. 
RULES,  REGISTRATION,  133—134,  339—357. 


SOALE  OE  REGISTRATION  EXPENSES, 
framed  by  Treasury,  140—142,  610—612. 

SOILLY,  ISLES  OF,  application  of  Act  to,  335. 

SCHEME  FOR  PROPORTIONAL  REPRESENTATION,  155— 

157,  160—161. 
rejected,  160—161. 

SCHOOL,  ELEMENTARY.    See  ELEMENTARY  SCHOOL. 


INDEX.  799 

SCOTLAND, 

application  of  Act  to,  309—326. 
meaning  of  "yearly  value"  in,  33,  310. 
local  government  franchise  in,  63,   310 — 313. 
registration  officers  and  areas  in,  131,  317 — 319. 
appeals  in,  138. 

registration  expenses  in,  142 — 143. 
application  of  Eegistration  Eules  to,  354. 
registration  forms  for,  Order  in  Council  prescribing,  626 — 
627. 

SCOTTISH  UNIVERSITIES, 
franchise  for,  39 — 40. 

SCRUTINY,  when  vote  may  be  disallowed  on,   103—107. 

SEAMAN,  MERCHANT, 

when,  may  vote  by  proxy,  174 — 175,  201 — 202. 

SECRECY,  infringement  of,  286—287. 

SERVICE  FRANCHISE, 

for  local  government  elections,  48 — 56. 

SERVICE  OP  NAVAL  OR  MILITARY  CHARACTER, 

what  is,  84. 

women  may  be  in,  84. 

SON, 

living  in  father's  house  may  have  residence  qualification,  15. 

SPEAKER'S  CONFERENCE,  Report  of,  737—746. 

SPECIAL  COUNTY  PURPOSES, 

registration  expenses  may  be  paid  as  expenses  for,  139 — 
140. 

SPRING  REGISTER,  125—130. 

period  during  which,  in  force,  127 — 128. 

STATEMENT, 

by  naval  or  military  voter  as  to  qualification,  88 — 89. 

STRUCTURAL  SEVERANCE, 

necessary  condition  of  "house,"  20. 

SUB-AGENT, 

previous  disqualification  of,  removed,  115,  122. 


800  INDEX. 

SUCCESSIVE  OCCUPATION,  23. 

in  business  premises  qualification,  25. 

necessity  for  occupation  during^  30  consecutive  days  includ- 
ing last  day  of  qualifying  period  in  local  government 
franchise,  43. 

fulfilled  by  occupation  partly  as  owner,  partly  as  tenant, 
60—61. 

in  local  government  franchise,  61 — 63. 

SUCCESSIVE  EESIDENOE, 
what  is,  23f— 24. 

necessity  for  residence  during  30  consecutive  days  includ- 
ing last  day  of  qualifying  period  in  cases  of,  9 — 10. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  PEOVISIONS  AS  TO  EESIDENOE  AND 
OCCUPATION,  98—100. 

SWALLOW  VOTEES,  provisions  against,  9—10. 


TENANT, 

meaning  of,  in  connection  with  local  government  franchise. 

46>— 48.  . 
difference  between  lodger  and,  58 — 59. 

TEEMINATIO^  OF  WAE,  meaning  of,   118—119. 

THIETY  CONSECUTIVE  DAYS, 

residence  during,  including  last  day  of  qualifying  period, 

when  necessary,  9 — 10. 
meaning  of  provisions  as  to,  10. 

occupation  during,  when  necessary  for  local  government 
franchise,  43. 

conditions  as  to  occupation  during,  in  local  government 
franchise,  fulfilled  by  occupation  partly  as  owner,  partly 
as  tenant,  60—61. 

occupation  during,  not  necessary  for  business  premises  quali- 
fication, 25. 

THIETY  YEAES,  AGE  OF, 

meaning  of,  67. 

women  must  attain,  for  parliamentary  franchise,  63,  67. 
women  must  attain,  for  university  franchise,  73. 
women  must  attain,  fo,r  local  government  franchise  in  hus- 
band's right,  75. 


INDEX.  801 

TIME, 

reckoning  of,  for  purposes  of  Registration  Rules,  353. 
for  purposes  of  County  Court  Eules,  647. 

TIME  ALLOWED  FOE  EEOEIPT  AND  EETUEN  OF 
BALLOT  PAPEE  BY  ABSENT  VOTEE,  182. 

TRADE,  meaning  of,  35,  36. 

TEAITOE  subject  to  legal  incapacity,  5—6. 

TRANSFEEABLE  VOTE,  what  is,  158—160,   306—307. 

TREATING,  291—292. 

punishment  for,  293—294. 

TREASURY  SCALE  OF  REGISTRATION  EXPENSES,  140— 
142,  610—612. 

TRIBUNAL, 

what  is  "appropriate,"  which  conscientious  objector  has  to 
satisfy  that  he  has  done  work  of  national  importance,  120. 

UNAUTHORIZED  PERSONS, 

incurring  expenses  on  account  of  public  meetings,  adver- 
tisements, etc.,  by,  a  corrupt  practice,  292 — 293. 
punishment  for,  293 — 294. 

UNDUE  INFLUENCE,  292. 
punishment  for,  293—294. 

UNIT,  REGISTRATION,  what  is,  339. 

UNIVERSITY  CONSTITUENCY, 
what  is,  38,  306. 
register  for,  153 — 155. 

fee  for  registration,  154,  155. 

included  in  expression  "  borough  "  in  Corrupt  Practices  Act, 
1883,  First  Schedule,  Part  IV.  (Maximum  Scale  of  Elec- 
tion Expenses),  228,  281. 

list  of  university  constituencies,  showing  number  of  members 
returned  by  each,  554. 

UNIVERSITY  ELECTION, 
definition  of,  306. 

proportional  representation  at,  155,  157 — 160. 
conduct  of,  279—281. 
F.  '51 


802  INDEX. 

UNIVERSITY  ELECTION — continued. 
election  expenses  at,  281. 

applicability  of  maximum  scale  to,   281. 
included  in  expression  "  borough  election  "  in  Part  IV.  of 
First   Schedule   of   Corrupt   Practices   Act,   1883,   as   to 
maximum  scale  of  election  expenses,  228,  281. 
application  of  provisions  as  to  voting  in  more  constituen- 
cies than  allowed  (sect.  22)  to,  172. 
declarations  at,  provided  by  present  Act,  358. 
provisions  as  to  (5th  Schedule,  Part  I.),  364—372. 

Scotland  (5th  Schedule,  Part  II.),  373—380. 

UNIVEESITY  FEANCHISE, 
men,  37—40. 

for  Scottish  universities,  39. 
women,  73. 
naval  or  military  voter,  85,  86,  90,  93,  94. 

UEBAN  DISTEIOT, 

application  of  Part  II.  of  Act  where,  is  coterminous  with 
or  wholly  contained  in  registration  area  which  is  parlia- 
mentary borough,  145,  146 — 147. 


VALUE,  YEAELY.    See  YEARLY  VALUE. 

VOTE,  TEANSFEEABLE,  what  is,  158—160,  306—307. 

VOTE,  when  may  be  disallowed  on  scrutiny,   103 — 107. 

VOTES, 

number  of,  allowed,  108—112. 

at  parliamentary  general  election,  108 — 110,  112. 

bye-election,  110,  112. 
at  local  government  election,  110 — 111. 

local  government  election  to  fill  casual  vacancy,  111 — 
112. 

VOTING, 

for  more  constituencies  than  allowed,  164 — 172. 

penalty  for,  164,  166. 

illegal  practice  of,  164 — 165,  166. 

at  university  election,  172. 
by  returning  officer,  not  an  illegal  practice,  165,  167. 


INDEX.  80S 

VOTING — continued. 

by  absent  voters,  172—203. 

special  provisions  as  to  allowing  more  time  for  receipt  of 

ballot  papers  from,  during  war,  173 — 174,  200. 
by  proxy,  174—176,  200—202.    See  also  PBOXY,  VOTING  BY. 
by  freemen,  147 — 148. 

by  persons  in  the  employment  of  returning  officers,  203 — 204. 
at  polling  station  other  than  allotted  polling  station, 
203—204. 

VOTING  ABBA,  what  is,  339. 

VOTING  PAPEK, 

voting  at  university  elections  to  be  by,  366 — 367,  375 — 376. 
form  of,  at  university  election,  372. 
Scotland,  383—386. 


WAE, 

in  which  His  Majesty  is  engaged,  meaning  of,  84. 
register  prepared  during  present,  and  12  months  thereafter, 

special  provisions  as  to,  337. 
election  held   during  present,   and    12  months   thereafter, 

special  provisions  as  to,  337. 

WAE,  TERMINATION  OF,  meaning  of,  118—119. 

WARD  OR  ELECTORAL  DIVISION, 

local  government  elector  not  entitled  to  vote  for  more  than 

One,  except  to  fill  casual  vacancy,  110 — 112. 
local  government  elector  may  be  registered  in  more  than  one, 

except  in  municipal  borough,  I'll. 

WIFE  OF  CONSCIENTIOUS  OBJECTOR, 
not  disqualified,  121. 

WITHDRAWAL  OF  CANDIDATE, 

in   pursuance  of   provisions  of   Ballot   Act,   208. 

WOMEN.     See  FRANCHISE. 

WORK  OF  NATIONAL  IMPORTANCE, 

what  is,  84—85. 

effect  on  qualification  of  conscientious  objector  of  doing,  113, 
120. 


804  INDEX. 

WOBKEOUSE, 

inmate  in,  not  to  be  treated  as  resident  therein,  15,  306. 

WBIT  FOB  ELECTION, 

official  telegraphic  information  of,  having  been  issued,  to  be 

equivalent  to  receipt  of  writ,  161 — 162,  163. 
receipt  of,  what  steps  for  holding  election  may  be  taken 
on  or  after,  163. 


YEABLY  VALUE, 

what  is,  28—33,  307—308. 
in  Scotland,  33,  310. 
in  Ireland,  33,  335. 
how  ascertained,  31 — 33. 


LONDON  :    PRINTED  BY  0.  V.  ROWORTH,   HH,  FKTTKR  LANK,  K.C. 


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