-
5 oe
DAB LE OF CerOeNial i) Ni Gs
Possible Effects of Forest Fire on Big Game in the Sioux
Lookout Forest Protection District. - by A. T. Cringan
Annual Changes in Numbers of the Western Region Deer Herd.
- by R. Boultbee
The Winter of 1955/56 and the Western Region Deer Herd.
- by R. Boultbee
Variability in Deer Age-Measurements, Western Region 1951 to
1956 Inclusive. - by R. Boultbee
Deer Sample Size for Western Region. - by R. Boultbee
Seasonal Effects and the Western Region Deer Herd.
- by R. Boultbee
The Manitoulin Archery Season in 1956. - by W. A. Morris
Report on the 1956 Deer Season in the Sault Ste. Marie
Perese Dastrict.
oe 2 Va, onmitm, CC. Le. Perrie and M. T. Watson
1956 Deer Report - Kemptville District. - by J. B. Dawson
Kenora District Winter Deer Mortality Survey, 1957.
- by V. Macins
The 1956 Deer Hunt Report, Pembroke District.
= oy Ke K.. irizawa
The 1956 Deer Season in Pembroke Forest District.
=i i Ke Lrigawa
(THESE REPORTS ARE FOR INTRA-DEPARTMENTAL
INFORMATION AND NOT FOR PUBLICATION)
Page
18
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28
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POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF FOREST FIRE ON BIG GAME
IN THE SIOUX LOOKOUT FOREST PROTECTION DISTRICT
by
A. T. Gringan
Introduction
Ideal conditions for moose and white-tailed deer happen in
the early successional stages of a forest, whereas those for woodland
caribou usually occur in the climax. Therefore changes in the age-
classes of forests likely affect the relative abundances of these
ungulates. Three important succession-initiating factors have
Operated in the Sioux Lookout Forest Protection District in recent
years - forest fire, logging and the spruce budworm. These have
altered the ages of the forests and so have probably affected big
game populations.
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the recent fire
history of the district so as to facilitate interpretation of changes
in big game populations. The effect of logging and forest insects
should also be analyzed, and the results integrated with those of
this study for a full understanding of the problem.
The Sioux Lookout Forest Protection District comprises
40,660 square miles, of which 33,748 are land.
Forest Protection Prior to 1926
No data concerning acreages burned annually prior to 1926
are available. Some residents think that the number of forest fires
increased around 1910, when the trans-continental line of the
Canadian National Railways was built. They also believe that fires
were just as bad immediately prior to 1926 as they were in the
period just ea Therefore I shall use the average area burned
ead between 1926 and 1940 as an estimate of annual losses prior
1@) e
Areas Burned Since 1926
The average area burned annually has decreased greatly
Simee 1926, as shown in Table I, based on data taken from District
Annual Reports. The mean area burned annually between 1941 and 1955
was less than one-fifth of the average between 1926 and 1940.
The area burned over in 1956, 135 square miles, was the
largest in any year since 1948, when 167 square miles were burned
Over, and the second largest since 1937. Consequently, the total
area burned between 1956 and 1960 will likely be greater than average
five-year totals experienced since 19403 future 10-year and 15-year
totals will not necessarily be influenced as greatly.
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Effect of Forest Fire on Age Composition of the Forest
Changes in the ages of the forests of the Sioux Lookout
Forest Protection District as a result of fires may be computed
using the foregoing information. Computations are subject to the
following assumptions:
(1) that areas burned annually prior to 1926 were of the same size
as those burned between 1926 and 1940.
(2) that 20% of all areas burned have already been burned within
the last 15 years.
(3) that 80% of all areas burned have not been burned for at least
150 years; (the unreality of this assumption is admitted; it
is to simplify computations).
(4) that areas burned from 1956 to 1980 will be essentially similar
to those burned between 1946 and 1955.
(5) that all other succession-initiating factors have little effect;
(the unreality of this assumption is also admitted).
The results of the computations are given in Table II.
Forest fire protection may already have markedly changed the areas
of forests of certain ages in the district. For example, in 1940
there were 1,850 square miles of O-15-year old burn, and in 1955
there were only 260 square miles of such burn. At the same time,
the area of mature forest has probably increased. If the present
Siiteiency of forest fire protection is maintained, it is possible to
Peeaieo the time during which stands of fire origin of particular
ages will become scarce:
otands of Fire Origin of Years During Which Such Stands
Age-Class Will Decrease In Area
Owl5 years 1940-1955
16-30 years 1956-1970
31-45 years 1971-1985
46-60 years 1986-2000
61-75 years 2001-2015
76-90 years 2016-2030
The area occupied by stands of fire origin less than 15
years old has already been reduced to less than 15% of the area
accupied by such stands prior to 1940. Similar reductions will
eventually occur to all young age classes.
While the decrease in areas of young timber is rapid, the
relative increase in areas of mature timber is much slower. The
computed area of old (15l-years and over) forest increased by only
11% between 1940 and 1955.
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Effect of Habitat Changes on Moose
Burned-over areas seem to provide the best conditions
for moose within 15 years of being burned. Such areas have been
assigned a carrying capacity of four moose per square mile (Table
III): 16-30-year old stands, two moose per square mile, 31-45-year
Old stands, one moose per square mile, and older stands, four square
miles per moose.
The carrying capacity of the Sioux Lookout Forest Protec-
tion District may have been 20,000 moose in 1940, 13,000 of these
Simic o50) square miles of forests of Tire origin less than 45_
meomorold! dnithe absence or ovher succession-initiating factors,
@iemcarrying capacity is likely to drop to 10,000 moose by 1985, of
which only 1,800 will be carried on the 780 square miles of forests
Si tire Origin less than 45 years old.
The projected decline in moose carrying capacity is rapid,
and is directly proportional to the decrease in area burned annually.
Effect of Habitat Changes on White-tailed Deer
fF am unable to suggest how deer populations in the
Gieurtec. May be influenced by forest fire protection, as they are
more strongly affected by other variables such as weather than are
meose. i suspect that the carrying capacity for deer will decrease
more and earlier than that for moose.
Effect of Habitat Changes on Woodland Caribou
The woodland caribou fares best in mature stands, is
present in forests approaching maturity, and absent from young
forests. JI have assigned a carrying capacity of one caribou per
10 square miles to forests between 91 and 150 years in age, and of
one caribou per five square miles to older forests.
The carrying capacity of the forest protection district
may have been about 3,800 woodland caribou in 1940 (Table IV).
It should gradually increase to 4,500 by 1975 and 5,000 by the year
2,000, as the area of mature forest slowly builds up.
The carrying capacity of woodland caribou increases much
more slowly (Figure I) than that of moose decreases.
Discussion
Forest fire protection, in the absence of other succes-
Sion-initiating factors like logging, may cause the moose carrying
Capacity to decline rapidly and the woodland caribou carrying capa-
city to increase slowly. The combined carrying capacity for all
Species of big game undoubtedly decreases.
This phenomenon can certainly be expected in the
hinterland portions of the Sioux Lookout Forest Protection District,
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where logging is unlikely to begin for many years, and in adjacent
parts of the Patricia West and Patricia Central Wildlife Management
Districts where forest protection is now being practiced.
The projected change in moose carrying capacity may have
far greater management consequences than a drop from 20,000 to
10,000 would indicate. If the 1940 moose population had reached the
capacity of the range, there would have been about 13,000 moose on
5,550 square miles of good range. This would have been a healthy
population capable of sustaining a kill of 25% or 35% annually -
between 3,200 and 4,500 harvestable moose each year. The availability
of this density of surplus moose would make hunting - and management
—- much easier. On the other hand, by 1985 there may only be 1,800
moose on good range having high productivity, which will sustain a
harvest of only 450 to 625 animals per year. The remaining 8,200 moose
M@eGee district may sustain a kill of 10% or 15%, owing to a lower
productivity of animals. The total allowable harvest by 1985 is
likely to be between 1,270 and 1,855 moose per year. Had the range
conditions of 1940 been stabilized, a total harvest of between 3,905
and 5,555 moose might have been maintained.
it will become increasingly difficult to persuade hunters
beerarvest moose in the future, owing to the anticipated decrease in
yield.
Projected increases in caribou carrying capacity will not
commence soon enough or be sufficient to compensate for decreases in
moose carrying capacity. The over-all supply of big game is bound
GO deteriorate in areas influenced by forest fire protection but not
by logging.
There were estimated to be about 9,300 moose in the Sioux
Meorour Horest Protection District in the fall of 1953, at which
time the carrying capacity (Table II) was computed to be about
15,000 moose. As the population continues to increase and as the
Capacity is certainly declining, the two should soon come into
balance, perhaps in 1957 or 1958. This situation could conceivably
detonate a moose crashe Only time will tell?
On the other hand, I estimated there to be only about
2,000 woodland caribou in the district in 1955, when the computed
S2eryame capacity (Table IV) was 4,100. It should take the caribou
at least several years, perhaps 10 or more, to reach the general
Capacity of the range within the district.
Some management problems raised by this consideration are
as follows:
(1) Is the moose going to decline as a result of improved fire
protection, or will gains in the form of succession initiation
through logging compensate for this?
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Are we prepared to manage the woodland caribou as the quality
of its range gradually improves?
Have these suggestions implications which we should work into
our present public relations program? Specifically - how much
Teaser ecan the present moose irrupvion Vast? Will it not
shortly crash either because of our failure to contain the
population or because of changes in the range? Should we not
prepare for a decline in the moose population in the immediate
Fucure’?
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ANNUAL CHANGES IN NUMBERS OF THE WESTERN REGION DEER HERD
by \
R. Boultbee
The results of the Western Region Fall Deer Check Station
from 1951 to 1956 inclusive are given in table one in percentage
form.
TABLE I - Game Check Percentages
Migue = ¢.) a.s s 6.8
Check
lo ae Pee os) 6h 785 98.5 905 (Total
1951 Pe elt eS 2567 1869 9.2 6.8 ieOee 0 VOr> ~LOOse
1952 3250 URE} Ne, 56 9 8.9 Dini Pee ace he? LOO gO
1953 Baal BO, 1 UG te US Digit Da. Cpe Ose O.0>" 100.0
1954 2e6> Sha IUCN) 5 3469 Lg le Broo OZO: “LOOTO
955 28.3 29.6 ees. On 1 Sow 20 Paes «(OO 200.0
1956 L20k Bille e ile eb Se 4.6 1.9 Pie Ons... On0.) 100.0
eer Oe OC) vles.2 7305 33.7 2hel 17.1 6.6 2.4. 600.0
AVE. 28.5 249 2Oao ~ Lenk 5.60 4.0 eae ed "Oe
Experience has shown that three year old deer are the most
vigorous, and suffer the least from the rigours of winter. This
paper traces the changes in herd numbers, starting in 1951 with a
representative herd of one hundred animals. The assumption is made
that animals aged 3.5 years suffered average mortality each year in
the preceding twelve months. It is not claimed that this assumption
is perfectly correct but it is a reasonable basis for speculation on
progressive changes in herd numbers. To some extent the errors should
compensate each other so that the yearly changes in numbers are
probably conservative.
The bottom row of table one shows that a six years’ average
of 24.9 deer aged 2.5 are reduced to 20.5 animals one year later.
Ths is a survival of 62.3 percent. If this survival rere is applied
to 2.5 year animals in Ak 1951 check we can expect 15.5 (0. #23) =
$2.6 animals of age 3.5 in 1952. - Table two is constructed on this
basis. The line for i351 is the same as in table one except that it
now represents a typical herd of one hundred animals. In the 1952
line it is seen that the 3.5 year animals are set at 12.8 as calcula-
ted above. The remainder of the 1952 line is filled in by altering
ine Values of table one 4n the ratio of 12.8/11.5. Thus 32.6 animals
of age 1.5 in the 1952 line of table one become 36.3 animals in table
two.
me ee ce
The 17.0 animals of age 2.5 in table two for 1952, when
multiplied by 82.3 percent yield 14.0 animals aged 3.5 in 1953. The
numbers for 1953 in table one are then multiplied by the ratio 14.0/
16.4 to complete the 1953 line of table two. These steps are
repeated till table two is completed.
TABLE II - Progressive Changes in Herd Numbers
Hee = 66 las Se Ss
Omeck Year. 1.5 _2.5 ee eo oro fe) (S05. 965. Total
1951 in mw oa met ono 8.2 6.6 1.0.01,0. 0+.5..L00.0
1952 Comme Ome noomly 26 90,9 6,3 00,3. 2.8 .2.1...111,3
1953 Deo Aba mle O Oo ee 2en ee 60.2 O.0 S5 ok
LOSE Bou hte? 2uee Coan O. Seo eeOu t.0 ©,0 127.9
1955 BORO tee ee 91 bse Cawley? tbe ies. 0.0. -180,0
1956 Pim o Peu rue e oot 645 eeeg ooh. let 0.0, 140.7
The column of totals at the right hand side of table two
purports to follow the annual changes in a representative herd that
started with one hundred members in 1951.
There is a mechanism in this procedure for estimating
absolute deer herd numbers but the writer is not rash enough to
recommend its use. If the Spring mortality survey and the Fall check
become accurate enough, the sample of dead animals in the mortality
survey can be equated with the change in numbers indicated by the
Fall check. The sampling is not yet accurate enough, as can be seen
in table two. For the most part the numbers decrease as they should,
proceeding downward diagonally from the left, but two large dis-
crepancies and several small ones can be found. These discrepancies
are probably due to errors in aging and sampling. Selectivity by
hunters may also be a contributing factor. Such influences will be
difficult to eliminate.
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THE WINTER OF 1955/56
AND THE WESTERN REGION DEER HERD
by
R. Boultbee
The Wildlife Management officers of the three Districts
in the Western Region made deer mortality surveys in the Spring of
1956. As a result of their findings they predicted that hunter
success would be down in the Fall of 1956 and that the proportion
of young animals would drop.
The predictions proved to be true. It will be interes-
ting to study the changes that occurred in the herd as traced by
the game checks of 1955 and 1956, and to see what indications, if
any, of the changes could be seen in the Spring mortality surveys.
The most interesting point is the proportions of the herd
in the kill of 1956 as compared to the average from 1951 to 1956
inclusive (the period during which game checks have been made).
This is done in figure one on a percentage basis.
The next step is to trace the change from the proportions
@el955 to those of 1956 as indicated by the kill data. These are
given in table one.
si Ay =
FIGURE I
Age Class Averages
1951-1956 Incl.
1.5 years 28.5%
LO 2.5 years 24.9%
3.5 years 20.5%
| 4.5 years 12.2%
5.5 years 5.6%
6.5 years 4.0%
745 years 2.8%
P 6.5 years 1.1%
e 9.5 years 0.4%
r
c 100.0%
e
n :
Class \
o | Averages \
f Faemoeie1956 \ ,
4 ine) Ine Lusi ve
\
e 10 \
r x,
d lea
Pe
~ Se
0 S$ ro
Meer od> 405 Se O65 Yad) 8.5 965
1956 Kill Curve and Six Years’ Average
Figure one shows that there was indeed a deficit of young
deer in the 1956 game check and also of old animals. The three and
a half year animals seemed to withstand the winter much better than
other ages, and time may prove this age to be the most hardy.
TABLE I - Kill Data in Percentages
A e Co) ais Se vs
eae
From table one it can be seen that the deficits in the
1956 data are still present with relation to the 1955 data, as well
as with relation to the six years’ average. The relationship will
be still more evident if we use absolute numbers rather than per-
centages, as follows. We take advantage of the fact that 3.5 year
animals in 1956 seemed to be the least affected by mortality. Let
us assume that only average mortality occurred in this age-class.
Mortality may well have exceeded the average but we have no way of
knowing by how much, and the results we secure must be accepted as
a minimum condition. The problem is therefore to apply the average
Paso Or mortality to the 29.6 animals of age two and a half in 1955.
The average rate of decrease from 2.5 years to 3.5 years is in the
ratio of 20.5/24.9 (secured from figure one). Therefore we multiply
Popo by 20.5/24.9 and get the answer 24.4.
We can now construct a new table of the 1955 and 1956 data.
In table two we repeat the 1955 figures but this time we view them
as representing a herd of one hundred deer and not as percentages.
In the 1956 line we place the figure 24.4 (obtained in the preceding
paragraph) in the 3.5 year age class. These 24.4 deer represent the
remnant of 29.6 deer a year earlier, assuming average mortality.
The next step is to complete the 1956 line so as to have the same
relationships within the line as previously. This is done by
reducing all the 1956 percentages in the same ratio as the 3.5 year
animals. Thus the 1956 percentage of 31.2 in table one is reduced
to 24.4 animals in table two. Hach other 1956 percentage is reduced
ewetearty, Thus 22.2 in table one is multiplied by 24.4/31.2 and
yields 17.4 to go in table two.
TABLE II - Change in Herd Numbers
_ ae ae ee Mates oie 5) Oecd aot Gs Totals
Ved 100.0
0.6 UES
1950 PE.3- 2946 3
1956 ak 16,6 Cee Lee 3 3}
The herd is seen from table two to have been reduced to
78.3, a reduction of 21.7 percent from 1955. This is assuming
average mortality from 2.5 years to 3.5 years. If the mortality
of these age classes was actually greater, then the figure of 21.7
percent will be conservative. This difficulty can not be solved.
If the discrepancy is great then the results could be seriously in
error. in round numbers we can say that the 1955 herd suffered an
above-average loss of approximately twenty percent (or one-fifth)
presumably due to a hard winter.
The data of table two are presented in figure two. A
better idea of what happened to the 1955 herd can be had from this
figure. For instance it is easily seen that the deficit is princi-
pally in young animals, but also appears in old animals. Middle-
aged animals seemed to come through the winter without being much
affected, particularly the 3.5 year animals.
= VG) =
FIGURE II
Gee GS ey
ok Age Class
Wee ere) eo. 5. O55 7nd 645
Change in Herd Numbers
ihnukeaora and onoux Lookout Dastricts a total of twelve
animals were aged in the Spring mortality survey of 1956. Their
age-class distribution was as follows.
TABLE III - Mortality Data
Sepa wm. oy 2 Age Cea iS asuce: Ss
1.0 PO) Biwio 4.0 5a OnO 729 nd) Totals
1956 5 @) O il: Ly @) a 1 12
By oe
By the Fall of 1956 these age classes would all be half
a year older. They can be seen to correspond loosely to the deficits
in the 1956 herd. If we continue our Spring mortality surveys till
we acquire confidence and consistency we may predict the proportions
of the Fall hunt with equal confidence.
This paper is therefore a plea to our Western Region
Wildlife Managers to continue developing their skill in running
Spring mortality surveys. At the same time they should endeavour
to assess winter factors such as temperatures, snow conditions, and
Guratzons of both factors, with regard to their effects on Spring
mortality surveys. All inventory techniques will probably yield
extra facts when related to each other.
Sm
VARIABILITY IN DEER AGE-MEASUREMENTS
WESTERN REGION 1951 TO 1956 INCLUSIVE
by
R. Boultbee
Aging of killed deer during hunt season has become a well
established practice wherever deer are found in the province. It
is important to know the relative accuracy with which the various
age classes have been measured. This paper studies the problem
using data from the Western Region Big Game Checking Station, gathered
from 1951 to 1956 inclusive.
The data, omitting fawns, are given in table one in
percentages.
TABLE I - Deer Hunt Data in Percentages
Age Gud. auses es
Check Aver
Year io} OES: 325 aD Digi a 6.5 TaD 6.5 9.5 Totals ages ?
1951 eo eon, eed yy [eet | OeS 82.0 61.0 0.5 100.0 22.1
1952 Bewo! 15.3 He > LSM ee 9 Dell Sop cee)! Se9, LOOZO 11.2
1953 aie 20eL AG Re wee ee Aan Ove (O20. 100,012. 5
1954 28.5 373 L656 Deo gel, Bele Ose O10 100.0 12.5
ine yey rs | 29.6 Zion Ola. Blight 20 ZrO es) i OeOn LOOO 125.5
1956 Pe teste loys O 2.9 2.4 0.6 O10 100.0 12.5
eee ALLO) 123.2 73.5 3367 2hel 17.1 6.6 2.4 600.0
Meee 2h 20,5 12.3 5.6. 4.0 2.9 1.1 Of 100.0 11.1 ?
The average age class is seen to contain 11.1 percent of
the herd.
Table two repeats the same information but the age classes
are staggered so that all percentages with the same year of origin
appear on the same line, The year of origin (year class) is
indicated in the left column.
The right hand column of averages in table two shows a
strong trend from small to large numbers going from top to bottom.
This bias is due to incomplete data. The small numbers of older
animals in the early year classes results in a small average, and
vice versa. This bias is an introduced error which can be removed
by adjusting each age class go that its average is 1ll.1, the same as
the grand average.
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The bottom line of table three shows that each age class
Reference to the right hand column of averages
now averages ll.l.
shows that the bias has been removed, leaving only irregularities
due to differences in year class strength.
can be ironed out by making the adjustments indicated by the right
hand column of table three based on the year class difference from
These adjustments have been made in table four.
the grand average.
These last irregularities
TABLE IV - Bias and Year Class Irregularities Removed
Age Gans Se. S
Year
Class 1.5 205 ee)
1942
1943
1944
194.5
1946
1947
1948
1949
a0, © Os
tle Lis
Ode ~ Lb
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993
1954
Gos ids
TOMES 6757 66.2 63.2
Meee 1053 11.0 10.5
—eee Clee 0 eee ee eee
66.5
ele.
72.6
I2Zs
72.0
12.0
66. 7
sas Ae
Sami ee
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LOC. Le9
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10.0 SIS)
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9.7
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1053-1055
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The right hand column shows that both bias and year class
differences have been removed.
remain to be removed
with its deviation from its age class average
line). This operation is shown in table five.
Only differences between age classes
- These can be removed by replacing each item
(shown in the bottom
im this) table-the
data have been folded together again by game check years rather than
year classes.
feelin DD) ia
TABLE V - Deviations From Age Class Averages
(Bias and Year Class Differences Removed)
Age G1l.@ ss és
Check
Year ie 5 225 325 Led 7) 65 (OW) 8.5 9.5
7951 =-2.0° -he7 Meir ae Leg 0.8 IAG 0.0 0.6
age 325 he? -3.9 25 0.9 0.0 et Zao ak
1953 203 Led Di)" eOe 2.) veh, 3 Onell (alee O.6
1954 -5.3 6a -3.9 -1.7 1.8 WAG) -1.3 -0.3 -0.9
1955 L.6 -O.4 -1.6 -2.7 Zad OME -l.4 -O.4 -0.5
1956 -—O.1 =1.7 Gols. Vaad 20'S Zur HO =0,6 =1e2
TOTALS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.027) (O20
The figures in table five no longer represent deer: they
are merely deviations. In table five variations due to bias, year
class strength and age class strength have been eliminated. Pre-
sumably the principal remaining sources of variation are random
error and aging error. The data of table five are repeated in
figure one to permit easier interpretation. Items within the stan-
dard error are attributable to random error. Items well beyond
the standard error and in the vicinity of the ten or five percent
confidence limits are open to interpretation as errors in age measure-
ment.
In general age classes with most of their items within
the standard error can be classified as consistent and affected
mainly be random errors. All age classes except 2.5 and 3.5 may
thus be classified as satisfactory. Age classes 2.5 to 4.5 inclusive
are shown separately in figure two, with the game check year placed
beside each item.
In figure two age class 2.5 is scattered but shows some
pattern in that the last two game checks are within the standard
error, Age class 4.5 has most of its points within the standard
error but shows an interesting tendency to go lower each year. It
will be interesting to watch the course of these two age classes.
As it now stands age class 2.5 is badly affected by aging errors
(perhaps spilling over from age class 3.5) but may be settling down,
Age class 3.5 has every item badly scattered. There is
no tendency to form a cluster and only one item is anywhere near
the zero line. No time pattern is discernable other than wide skips
in successive years.
Whatever the cause, aging of 3.5 year old animals is
subject to serious errors and appears in need of reconsideration.
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~- 25 &
DEER SAMPLE SIZE FOR WESTERN REGION
by
R,. Boultbee
You wrote me recently to ask what is an adequate sample
of deer. In my opinion the answer given below is adequate for the
Western Region and may apply in other parts of the Province. It is
based on 1,297 deer 1.5 years and older checked in 1954, 1955 and
1956. These animals were divided into twenty-five samples of thirty
or more each, and the variations in age-classes served as the basis
of the study.
The simplest statement is the equation y ~ 1274.30
2
x
where y is the sample size including fawns, and x is the percentage
margin of error acceptable to the deer worker. The margin of error
will be exceeded only five times in a century and then probably by
a very small amount. Most values will be much closer than the
acceptable margin of error.
As an example, how many deer should be sampled for an
accuracy of two percent? Two squared is four, which when divided
into 1274.30 gives a sample size of 318.575 which can be rounded
off at 320. If as another example it is desired to know what per-
centage of accuracy will be obtained with a sample of 200 deer we
can place y at 200 and solve for x. We find x in this case is
Peeer woaach we can round off at 2.5 percent,
The equation is a good way of finding a compromise between
the Wildlife Management Officer who wants high standards of accuracy
and the administrator who has to find the men to do the sampling.
Some persons prefer a graph to an equation. Figure one
presents the equation in the form of a curve. As an example, to
find what sample is needed for two percent accuracy, start from two
on the lower edge of figure one and go up to the curve and then left
to the answer which is about 316. This can be rounded off at 310 or
320. The figure can also be used in the reverse manner.
It may be asked what is meant by a certain margin of error
if the sample data is presented percentically, or in other words as
a representative herd of one hundred animals. It is meant that the
collective errors of the various age classes will not add to more
than the margin of error.
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si i . ; oe 12 ee ~ogh ‘S ae ; od elds THOS ar a Be TOT
o elquss 6 Adiw De OFe: re ae 5 fiw concn to
MolJaupe’ os Ga eee ia ine gris enouOg amok
t
odd to @iyeg teiito at’ Niuge: Vay Cone
‘ii-ysaews oat bebivih erew eleming -
o ¥ colteupe edt = seaman each ll
Sik DOS .otwe? Boho rene’ este otanner ots 4
<3 Clone? @ GE Beka evi? vice: be baat
seeolo ‘fomm od {few eoulav te Teo: 3 ono
ibid cs) Lyre
Q
42]
8. 0d Bivone Agen Md SE i work Peet sug ps re
lofriw ,1wo0t at bevegie 7 owt. By; Te tS: OVE to 4 ,
' no briw oa ATE a0, esha Saeee. © oot Os aN
M? te oP & ry A hy =) Lope Te toe ny Ls bey hers MS or - © & >» :
‘
rat x Oolt oW 4x Ol ev¥iibe Dae -OOs shes ¥
» STDS ee 2 To Duvet ses ow we
Oo S BHibnakd to Taw O03) Set AOLIBUpS oat
; cA phew Or hy SHORTED gone sao ettt
Doge Bee 62 ceil ever t0dexee eae
; | bi
S 2A .ovius 8 TO WO) Ste ir Ole eee eee
' Tosivo3e8 doh owe OL bo ben et oighas 4
dt o2°qp U8 O90 SURES 36 ‘sake 13¥Ok
aq eo {t OEe shade es qo tee “owe ne
~ 4s M uw - 1) ae "
es i it ot beeu ed-oete nes 38 ult ai 5
Jises # yd Onset ef Senh Boxes od) vem ay
© .vileolononied hagneee ta os ey afg
‘at 3. ,alsambin hepa eae Le breast ov hdedang
oh by Wit muibaiaestl Is TO atoene eve
ec to to feta 4 .
nS
a h
DG ee
In the Western Region the two and a half year age class
has a slightly larger margin of error than that for the whole sample.
The remaining age classes have smaller margins of error than that
of the whole sample. Fawns were not included in the study, although
they are included in the equation and in figure one. It should be
noted that the margin of error only applies to animals one and a
half years and older although the sample size includes fawns. If,
in taking a sample in any one year it is found that fawns are showing
at more than 20 percent of the herd the total sample should be
increased somewhat.
The curve is more revealing than the equation. A little
study makes it clear that a very large increase in sample size is
needed above about 400 to get a small improvement in accuracy.
Below about 100 a small decrease in sample size causes a large loss
in accuracy.
Care should be taken not to alter the sampling conditions.
Sampling should extend through the season, as previously, and
include animals from all parts where hunting occurs.
bs!
©
:
:
.
“Hi
_ geelo ope te087 tied sb : 0
sfqmae slodw ont sot teak
. vsdd sad? t0o1re te entgh
fguoitio .Ybuse oft nt be
od ‘blvode ai 28x00 9" ue
aT sane? aotulont’ ele”
stworle o%8 enwst Jars bayot ats
‘9d bivode sigqmee [at0% 3
,Sliil A .notteupe edd ‘asad vr
at oste olquse nt ee ks
. «¥9B8%v9O98s ni Inemevartgitt MB ‘ea 0
esesol eursl 2 B#entAas ostia oLquse* te *abaetace “tas
‘ancistbnoo antiqnees eft toxtfs oF sor asians of ptveh
brs Ceuotverg ee .roesse At Hauoids “bheaxs:
BTU990 BM. ‘Suet a Desires! sip mors
FIGURE I uel | =
1000
800 |-~
600
‘Size
500
Sample
LOO
|
Margin of Error Pércent | |
6
3 mn y)
=
nw
3 i :
ae } ; a
a a enon’ aN Neto em
- i
ee ane
Bi
SEASONAL EFFECTS AND THE WESTERN REGION DEER HERD
by
R. Boultbee
In the Spring of 1956 Wildlife Management Officers in the
Western Region predicted that hunting success would drop in the Fall
from its position in 1955, and that the proportion of young animals
would drop. Both predictions proved to be correct.
It will be interesting to see to what extent the six Fall
deer checks made in Western Region vary from their average, and
speculate on the part played by seasons, especially winters. Table
one presents the six years data in percentage form.
TABLE I - Game Check Percentages
ALE iet = wer Val S. 5) evs
Check
Years .1.5 Zn 3 5 Leo Dipkbionr Om 27655.0005 Ges | Total
1951 21.4 Uy) 25m Le 39 9.2 6.8 OW sO" O25 4 LOOsO
1952 Bee Poe (lien E5298 2859 abe? 1 Sal 205 »1e9 100.0
1953 eo Om erOpk Gas Sek 2e7 263 O.2 0.0. 100.0
1954 28.55 Ses IMEI Died Sy) Palen ee Ons. 0.0 100.0
Tew, 28.3 29.6 COINS) aoa Oa Bis? Za enon Aid 10,0 | 200.0
1956 2202 Ailes Fg Aico. 7 4.6 9 OaemOs Se OeOnn 100.0
emo oO) ) Uete2 730593357 24.L 17.1 6.6 2.4 600.0
AVER. Pens Pie? (20600 2252 Seow wee) Lek Ok
These are hunting figures broken into age classes, but are
assumed to be a sample of the herd in the Fall. The bottom line is
the average for the six years of the game check. Table two is a
collection of the surpluses or deficits of table one above or below
the six year averages. For instance in 1951 the value of 21.4 for
animals aged 1.5 years is 7.1 below the average of 28.5. Table two
shows a value of ~7.1.
TABLE II - Surpluses and Deficits from Age-class Averages.
Age-classes
LUN: 205 305 LP) Fe Onn eo Sind 9.5
1951 =-7o1 -9.4 $5.2 +6.7 +3.6 $2.8 -1.8 -O.1 40.1
1952 thei -9.6 -9.0 +3.7 +3 ne | és 7 42.9 t1.4 41.5
1953 48.9 $5.2 W-4,1 =-1.'7 —2.2 -1.3 -0.5 -0.9 -O.4
1954 0.0 412.4 =3.9 -6.8 -1.7 +0.4 +0.3 ~-0.3 -O.4
1955 -0.2 -4.7 41.3 “2.1 -1.9 -lo4 -0.2 40.2 -0.4
e023 357 | 410.7. 4305. 200 -201 =00h -0.3° =0.4
prety
OfSH Aaga sOTOER HATE
oT fa
eit at eresittO snewighaaanttie ares te
(fei sig nt qoth bluow seeoowe antgnnd tedt t
elemins 3nvoy to soorses od edd sagt. ‘bnes ey
dL
+ t0@S109 og bevetg eno:
[fet xte oft Jnedxo Jadw oF ese ivan ae 7
bas ,o3sievs thedt mort ywisv nofueh avegeoW ak
eidel .exetatw viletoeqae (aaeease a beyela sug 86
mot egetnedteq ni cihoed e1n0y eae
Po epee ' Ls me!
is
ic
a
4
pies
7
; *
FE
F:
Jal hi e,.@ Oaf O ! §.0 c.? ’ e.8L.- Y.as
O.00L O.f 265 To? AQVe Ge epee Weeee
q ~OOL 0.0 S U 4 Ss es af aT ae of
C OOL Ae a. 0 b £ t 4 gah v~.t ' Care ee 4
OOL tot Od a5 Vee maQl ; 3.{£5
9.00 0.0 8.0 dS Osl Oed” OF eee
00 eS 8 c.V¥I {.AS Yoh SR) Saeee
P| fp oe a.5 f egh O.e $, Sf 2408
s : tud eeseals exs otnk nodetd serugtl gation eis - f hs
el eeil motsod. eit: ,fiet edd af Stet aid To. eiquina
-” g @i-ows eidaT doen emeg off To BtRey Mie eaie el
Pd . t
fed 10 svods ono eldat to edfolled to esauiquue Gna: ex
. [S$ te sufisyv aris Age i mk bby AY) Jenk tod eGOReOve
I #2.8S to essievs afd woled 1.) @f eaney @ tun
ola Ve. 46
“eR ORStOVA B aplomons | nox? ett
ae we ee
z © ¢ : . : =\. € of — ila ‘ Ssh. ath
a - *B; fn Ss Vet? 0+
il} @.S4 -Ssde°-GcEp OES
= - " Ce b » Ss ” Y Vea gh
- (hd A404 Vale By Oe
> Oe «pele Crke Spies
4 seO~w -+ Tye Ole Cy bs
Arey
The data of table two are easiest to interpret by reference
to figure one. The prediction made for the 1956 hunt is easily °
checked because the deficit in young animals stands out clearly.
A deficit may also be present in the oldest age classes but more
shailow and spread out. The 1956 curve also shows a plain peak at
age 3.5, indicating perhaps that this age-class is the hardiest by
a distinct margin. In interpreting these curves it must be kept in
mind that they are based on percentages, so that when one part goes
down, another part must go up, resulting in differences showing up
in sharper contrast than in other kinds of curves.
The preceding observations on the 1956 curve are obviously
not firm conclusions but they are reasonable enough to justify some
speculation on the other curves, The 1955 curve is almost flat and
may represent an average winter in 1954/1955. The 1954 curve is the
reverse of the 1956 curve and may represent better than average
survival in the winter of 1953/1954. The 1953 curve shows ambiguous
characteristics namely a high survival of young animals and a deficit
in old animals, The curve of 1952 shows a high survival of young
and old animals and may indicate a better than average winter in
1951/1952. An inconsistency in age 2.5 animals is perhaps attribu-
table to error in aging since a previous study shows this age class
to have been too low in 1952. The 1951 curve may indicate hard
conditions in the winter of 1950/1951.
The 3.5 year age class served as a good determinant in each
of the above curves. Surpluses and deficits are most easily seen
in relation to the 3.5 year age-class, and the position of the 3.5
year age-class above or below the axis indicated the assumed severity
or favourableness of the winters.
A check on the significance of the surpluses and deficits
may be had from a Chi Square test. This is done in table three.
Age=~classes 7,5, 8.5 and 9.5 were joined in one group.
TABLE III
Check Year Chi Square Pu data =. 6)
INS onl dBe yr (555) 0.02
ne bey 19.85 0.01
1952 Seow 0,23
1954 E33 | 0.08
1955 Cee Oxo
1956 10,09 Owe
The curves for 1951 and 1952 vary from the average with
strong significance. The curves for 1954 and 1956 are reasonably
significant. The 1953 curve is not acceptable as different from the
average, though the value of P is suggestive. The 1955 curve is
bohotdter ‘yd ‘tox qretnt of
yliess al et a2 mi
‘.vixselo 3uo sbaade een Ben
stom Jud eseesto eye desble art.
J5 Aseq
vd deo fim ale et eerlowege atid ge
at Iqod od Seum JE eovaus Saou oni soneeeiee
esos Itaq eno new dedd ob yeeEsineoieg ao borsd.
qu aniwode oneal nk anidivear: yqu o
,
atelq s ewore cele oyu 320
eevee ‘Yo ehn ee ‘todo ak fate
Ylevotvdo sis sve deel: eit. ive Sabi th vcontine viitbeos's
enoz viisteut ot davone eldsnoeres ota veld tad
bas telt seouls et evims ee0L oAT- seOvAD nedto er > 39
oA? ef sviwo Weel sAT SPO L\ eos put tedndw ANB Vs oe
eevee madd wedded tnezsiqet, Yam bis evig9) GCL €
evougidns ewode evi €@CL sdAT eA OL\ ESOL to setatw ¢
Siotteb s bae elemtas anwoy to Leviveue dati s lowe B9
smvoy to fsevivive daid 6 éwode S@ef to eve oAT . of
nf tosjuitw enateva neds Taare Bb steotbas Yam bog. ef
-udinits eqedteq at elontas 2s ope ak yohede tanoome :
eeslo ous efds eworde ybuve Pe Mi & sonia anige At aoe
bred sdsotbak yea ovis fees eit, RRL: oF wol oot me
»LPOL\O@OL to roda.iw odd oa
: af gosnimietebd. booe 2 pevrwe eapl [> aye 189 wa
e ylierso teon ore wero ab Das ceautqiul «ROVING
¢.€ oft to mottteog sds buns ,2ee loos u6 tHEY 248 oat og
ti-revoe Be it Detso tbat eles: Ag waiee “TO eveds 86
,etedatw oft to ezend
ettotteb bre esenloive odd Io sonsolitagte eit ao Aoeans AS
29%N3 ofdst at onob ef etal. .fesd lea 1 PD mort: t
-quory 90 af beniot sxew @.0 bam 2.8 at ve
, Fé .a4
eG Ct. § j
: Lt 23
( Ce oo
3.0 ee
[,9 CO.0f
fiw exerevs od3 mye yiev. S@eL bas [20L tot asveue
d 10k ey STS ae 2 by is sPOL TOT’ Bo V TD ent e Bette
uost Snsrsttib es eldatqesos Jon et avenro €@OL edT - °
vio 220L odT ,ovideesgue ef 9 to sofayv one: riguon
\
= 30s
distinctly average. These findings correspond with those made from
figure one. It is only an assumption to say that they are due to
winter conditions but the writer thinks they justify an investigation
of en between snow station records and deer population
checks.
Such a study may lead to the skill to predict the effects
of winter on the deer herd in numerical terms. If this skill is
added to the present practices of our Wildlife Management Officers
the following annual routine might result:
1. Estimate of effects of winter on the herd as the winter prog-
resses, and estimate of consequent effects on the hunt.
2. Confirmation and check of winter estimate coming from the Spring
mortality survey, followed by a prediction of the coming hunt
based on the two procedures.
3. Fall check on the hunt. This will serve as a check on the
Spring prediction, and lead to further refinements in gauging
winter effects and predicting from the Spring mortality survey.
The combination of several approaches to population
conditions gives a greater total of information, and a greater
insurance against a mistaken prediction. Spreading the various
population checks through the year means that the Wildlife Management
Officers will not “lose touch" with the herd.
\ Wi
nont-shsa seodd_Atiw bsoqes
oe yeptihch Kage a te ‘.
SBipstis sng sot rae og Efbte: ede: ae fre est
le sind 7 earet Leoittonige at pred
eteot tio jromen sit eM StLiblaw Awoche: aot soar,
i ifveet: “ntg.te stored
n07q tedaiw +i es Deed -eye ap ogi ta panette Yo fo od
stati ely co avaeris Oneupye fos ‘To seth sii Ba
mee. slit mort.» OS teat geo ToWiie to Woe! fete
inud gatmos el? to nobes tberrg Bi La bewol fot L yYeovitve |
eBeINDe OT OWE, seat
aS Ma Asse 6 a8 Syearse Dw ebAt daud edd. He
wey ot. stuementlat content o¢ baal ‘brs cokdonbe
Veviue ysilstuon sorted sds ment gaisorhs gt J bas atootie
LAS CES {
istesiy 5 bap . ae " Saat i o° into’ woo py a eovkg
: 8CIGY ent "i EDs yrEGC: eNO totherra x isn ve £m, 2 Jamis :
: ILilociW edd. Isak? Basa bt 4 { } Agro ‘eas
«btedt) Be ‘3 dtiw “Aewod eaolP ~~
eo cs
FIGURE I - Surpluses and Deficits
a -——. 1951
Nea ea | aap
SN Lg 52
~
+
1955
nore A ee ee
— SS
Age Classes
Domes Moe oun oes O65 76d Ba | Oa5
meee
AUN en hace
gs
= an
Ora ee i ‘ {
.
© PRT ten om et ey NALIN a - gu oe ate nen
Actas BE ah ds ity ae
roma ne
, ee BIB tos ce ret [OCR eT COs Sl!
ou Sf epimers a Aparna pga ll ney tmpene tpn ceepemnneg tlipideammnsiianl
ae
4
s ; .
a \ a
r . " =
or, t . =
s - ¥
— Shermer eons lai a anti ce Si graeme
” c . .
~ ; a
(2) San te. 4
Whee ss Ew ss. ,
1 oh te
: a er cum dq
ale ut moe 8? Bs
hewesbewe apy os mons Toshi <sreenaans tem strain seaman eile A aman Serer meen nd
- , ay) See ' a" ig aT 2 y - fe
{ + a Xa s ay BP Ne eo ¢ + i, e™ _ *,
i
uit
ot ae
MANITOULIN ARCHERY SEASON IN 1956.
by
William A, Morris
Introduction
This report deals with the events leading to the first
archery season on Manitoulin Island, The success of the hunt is
outlined, and recommendations are made for future seasons.
The Sudbury office of the Department of Lands and Forests
wishes to express its thanks to Mr, John Budd, Mr. W,. J. Patterson,
Mr, Art Racey, and Mr. Harry Loth for their efforts in initiating
this season,
A special archery season for Manitoulin Island was first
Suggested by Mr, John Budd, Biologist at the South Bay Fisheries
Research Station, Mr. Budd made the suggestion while attending a
meeting of the Manitoulin Conservation Council in May, 1956, because
he was well acquainted with the successful archery season in his
home state of Wisconsin, The idea met with only mild enthusiasm at
that time; however, it did appeal to some of the local tourist opera-
tors, since it appeared to be a way to increase the length of the
Season and yet not seriously deplete the deer herd. W. J. Patterson,
editor of the Manitoulin Expositor, also expressed interest in the
plan, The topic was raised again at the following meeting of the
Council in June, but still no definite decisions were made. In an
effort to get a final answer, Mr. Art Racey, a forester with the
Ontario Paper Company and also secretary of the Council, conducted a
telephone poll in late August of all the township representatives.
The results of this poll showed that ten of the sixteen townships
were in favour of a trial season from October 27th to November 10th,
A signed letter to this effect was sent to Dr. W. J. K. Harkness
early in September for his consideration.
This proposed archery season was presented to the Fish and
Wildlife Committee in early October, but during the intervening time,
some of the Manitoulin residents, particularly landowners, became
critical of the plan, It was suggested that the archers would "kill
too many deer", "wound cattle" and so on. To offset these mis-=
understandings, the department initiated a public educational program.
Two coloured films on hunting big game with the bow and arrow, and
a film "The Michigan Deer Story", an excellent illustration of deer .
menagement were shown by William A. Morris, District Biologist, at
Gore Bay, Little Current, Mindemoya, Manitowaning, and South Bay
Mouth. During these film showings, which took place over the period
of a week, it was noted that an increasing number of residents spoke
in favour of the archery season proposal. By the time the last film
ettt ssw boslel oiluedineM a? wossee erento ieteul
esizsifeli veo cAgvot efy ge -deatgolord ,bbutl nutob 9%
text? eft oF gn beef *edneve: ad Hate. atee one
et snuf eft ‘to sdeoowe efT .,bneler nilvosh
Sndesee AtisuT 4Ol Sham ore: 20 oebacuts
e1ol bos ebasd “to tmemdtaqed ‘od+ Io e5itie vrudbot off
ere ized ob W: pbbud Hot . Bi: ocredasds ecl sestaxe |
tis
a
siting aft etiotte stedy ch) dgod yang om bas «ves
|" peta AAB an) SASHA amet as cE PRADA da . : :
nafhaests ol tiw sod tee eaaue eid aban bbge’ a ae
|. O2OLl- . val « toned: oitsveteno) abivotinst sa
vk. noes ryan Meassoue oft Adtiw bedatege 38
sepL ofT ynkedese# to mt
‘Lae G Te bE $f crevoued §
yaw 8 oc 09 bevtesqge Fie
iolaobh. yLlavobtss Jon Isy sh
tose Lele qa atlvodingM odd 4
‘mtezs beste taw olqed of
deb nay we 78 gud - Dot
WE 1S isat?.
baa yas 63
seugul etal aL {fe
Liog atidy. %o4
tetas s 36
® eaefnasy og Ty
eit vot ‘rodmedt qe
a 2
“Apesee Ywto te. DELO alt
bend. “a hort} dy lee gt pat beripe
EG Cr. Sine btest abluotiaae ls
ONBNe saw Fi eal ety Te
Ybae“eltsas bawow ies
potint sromigeqeh ony ry — s
ponies atd gattaud. no ealit B
el beoxe aa. 4 Senode tool. nagtda tM oat
: «8 Le tOr: eA: met l Lew vd fworne STOW
crel.: gHvomebetl «: jae efstid .
iq edt tsvoO io tew. geuhkwore milt seed? gabe
- etn bizet io sedaun- gnkerotont ne. fend bedom eaw It 4
edd emt? cht va ..Jasoqurg: soseee yietois Sag to"
~
Mw SS oe
its
Bote
showing was made, the archery season became law on October 5th,
1956, by Amendment 188/56 made under the Game and Fisheries Act.
When the Sudbury office received word that the archery season had
received official sanction, a specially prepared news release was
forwarded to the twenty archery clubs throughout Ontario as well as
to the names on the regular mailing list. A copy of this news
release is included in the Appendix.
In order to keep in close contact with the archery season
progress, the Sudbury office arranged with the Little Current
Chamber of Commerce to conduct registration of all archers at its
Information Booth. However, it was found that few hunters were
recorded in this way, and the Department was obliged to contact a
large percentage of the archers through information supplied by
local residents. By using this method, this office was able to
obtain the names and addresses of thirty-four archers who took part
in the season, Hach one of the thirty-four people was mailed a
Simple questionnaire to be completed and returned to the office. A
copy of this questionnaire is included in the Appendix. Every archer
was asked to submit other names of persons known to have participated
in the hunt. The archery clubs (see appendix) also assisted by
reporting the names of their members who hunted on the Island during
the special season. In this way, the Sudbury office obtained the
names and addresses of all archers who took part in the hunt, with
the exception of two non-residents who hunted a few hours in an
area south of Little Current while awaiting transportation to
Killarney. The results compiled from the questionnaire are shown in
Table #1.
It is of interest to note that aside from the actual
residents, 59.3% of archers paid for accommodation in either a lodge,
hotel or cabins. A minority (40.6%) camped or stayed at non-
commercial establishments. These figures indicate that future
archery seasons would be of financial benefit to the tourist business.
During the special season, there were no reports of infrac-
tions of the Game and Fisheries Act, wounding of cattle, or
trespassing. The Department was notified that an archer's guide was
using a dog to drive deer in the vicinity of Gore Bay. This action
brought complaints from the residents and some criticism from other
archers. The dog was used for one weekend, after which time there
were no further reports. It would appear that the archer realized
that he had deviated from the accepted practice of both the residents
of Manitoulin and his fellow archers. This incident was the only
issue which resulted in any criticism of the archers. On the other
hand, letters were received by the Sudbury Office from the Manitoulin
Tourist Association, and the West Manitoulin Board of Trade, as
well as from numerous archery clubs, expressing their approval of
the special archery season and asking that it be continued. Copies
of some of these letters are included in the Appendix.
In order to further determine the public's reaction to a
continuation of the archery season this year, William A. Morris,
District Biologist, spent the greater part of a week in March, 1957,
on Manitoulin Island, and with the cooperation of Conservation
Officers C. J. Young and J. H. Bailey made personal contact with
representatives of the Townships. The results of this poll are
shown in Table #2.
<is2 redoz00 no wel onaoue pipet! wis
.jok Coftodeld bre omed odd ‘ebaw +
bed noasoe yredoww: 9ft Jets oe. bavis
esw cepelat ewen bersqe2q: +. sivege
es Ifow e& obisind- Se tt
ewor eft Io yqod A- dati sAkiten “eli
nossse yredows edt ddiw goetnos. shells at Bee os |
tnetiso elssid odd dgiw bagepites .65
+2 erods
ms Lis to hotsjerselyot:: toubnos: ‘oF ao'tem
LOW etsinud wol Jedd bagel esw Jt .sevewoH. «Ase
tn09 03 beatide-eaw taemireged add bas 4 Yew ek
ed be fiqaque
NOL
& %
B «
edule itt
» axtbagagd ont arf
aonpotic -
*
ismrolnk tavords atedots eds To es
ot ofda eaw eottte bide ~bodtonr eld? -gnteu ya
TEG 40 ot ow atedote iyo leyated ‘to @eegetbbe bas 8
s bsitam esw elqosq suoteystide ed? to sao dose
a soktio sit of bonxudes bas hbotsiqnuoo of ef otter 10 L,
Hors visva .xibneqgA oft af bape Lons ef. eviannotseeup &
taqtotiteq ever o3 awond endeteg to Bemed iedio simdues
‘d bedetees oele (xibnegqr see) edulo pronogvs sail. ae
frub basfel ont no betawd ofW eredmem tien? To Semen ont .
ntaddo soltto ywuydbue edd Qyew bids ol .oORS
sora end ns pisq Hoos ofw enetotea [fs to 25860" tbe
is mi etivod wet. 28 -be Soe ow: Etitab Leotecior ows te. 10:
03 noliscroqdenst? anidiewse sidtaw goes ofsttd: ‘
18 otisnnoitesip etd mowt beliqmos eidinnes ane
= z : Y
oid mot? ebles Jat odo ot deoned nd to ef #1
to at noltebommoose 167% his q- -etatote to Ri CE a
on ga beyste vo boqmes (asce lay ytivortm A> set im
wu? gadj, steotbui iyit.sect?. sedtemtet ids tee
d tefuvot ott ot shiecned Letpapnes 16 ad bluow anobe
) BFtOqSt on tod hORRoR feiooge + ons
o ef te5 Hnstow SA: eotrenets bets anew
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"t iw redte ,bror -o0 tod Betw esw g0b 8
{ fit ay ta Vis ‘pivew $1 “gadroqet 19nd
t rd to eotvorta ft 2908: ond mort. betelveb Ba
do esw. gusbtent eldt lore! woflet eid bas wee
0 . YB Off3 Yo metoks bea ¥ab at betiuest as
rf . tTLO yaudbue’ ard No: Dewioaes os9W Stags
4 atlivodinkl dec etd bas. paoigatoguiem
Betqx end niyo Mes aglen tion.
ro : bod: nines DAB Ok ase. YIOASIs:
*E! 1) ofS of -bebetont eva eiegsel oeane
e'otiduq od? siihwiadet Nadtast of. nobwa ae a
filiw .teev elad inopeee- yrototes end To mae
‘ w 6 to Meg “Teteeny: ond Jace, .¢etgoloneas
to nokge: Logos! ont idiw be .bueket af, oth
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whi Se. oldeT fs
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TABLE I - Manitoulin Archery Season
Meee rohery, HUNUCTS: wesc ccc cecceaewcmewerccesceos 30
Memes OF) QUESLIONMAIresS Teturned wecvespeccscsscesvccs 37
Se eMC CCU cccpatcecoenscccceanecbevsevecncoeses 97%
Pemeamimnper Of GAYS HUNbE scoscosececcesecsseevessees 158
Average number of daysS hunted cescavcccercnvencscveccece Lok
iweraze Pull of 37 bows, Low = 35 1bs., High = 63 lbs.. 48.2 lbs.
i
Piet Gecer MISSCO) scepecre Dewees eceesesedssveroeseseee
meron Cer KILLCd sesewerensencvoeesaseacccessacecs 0
MiigersOt Partridge Killed swcsmecvccssacecscvcccescess 0
Number of rabbits ka led eoeooe@eeoeaeeeoeoecoeoenreoeeseseeeoeesee ese © @ 2
Accommodations:
Lodge @eeeeoepeoesososeeos co ceeoeocneoeetweooneeeoeoeeeosvoeoenoeve#e020208@8800 2
Hotel eooocoaeseeoeeocoocvee Qceeeceeeowvedveaoo0oeeoneed0e7820000909090980029086 0
Cabin ecooooooeoooeoe 2@0O0O0e0@e0e8 C4e@eeaoe#eedodecedceeeoeeeesvedgeesvsegedcscevsdsd ogee
Pawo ae NCCOMNIOMCALLON. scscvesoceweweocovervetseccecee
8
5
Camping @ooooogoeeoec ocaceoo0oeoeeee#ecvoeeeeeeseocvsoe#eoewmeovno0eoeeeegsoacn e098 6 0 L
8
9
Island Resident c@eeaoovoo@se@e@ogeoeovooe @BOvoovsoeosvso0eveon009098 09909930 @ 5
Percentage of archers visiting Island - paid lodging... 59.3%
Percentage of archers visiting Island - stayed at non-
Pommereial) eStablishmants ,omescccecscevecewss 40.6%
TABLE II - Poll of Representatives of Townships Regarding
Manitoulin Archery Season in 1957.
Township Township
Allan yes Dawson yes
Assiginack yes® Gordon yes
Barrie Island no Howland yes
Bidwell yes Mills neutral
Billings yes Robinson yes
Burpee no Sandfield yes
Campbell yes Sheguiandah yes
Carnarvon yes Tehkummah neutral
x The reeve suggested that archery kills should be certified, and
that archery season should overlap with the time that the South
Bay Mouth-Tobermory ferry is in operation.
During the poll (Table 2), it was found that twelve
townships expressed a desire to continue the season, while two
representatives were opposed and two were neutral.
that more of the island is now in favour of archery hunting that
prior to the opening of the experimental season, when the vote
taken by Racey was ten “yes" to six "no",
This indicates
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Conclusions
The Sudbury Office feels that the continuation of an
archery season on Manitoulin Island in 1957 would meet with the
approval of a large majority of the Island residents and it would
also supply recreation for a large number of sportsmen.
Recommendations
From this study of the 1956 experimental archery season
and subsequent inquiries, the following recommendations are respect-
fully submitted:
(1) The archery season for deer should be continued on Manitoulin
teleand in, 1957.
(2) The open season should be a period of two weeks or longer,
prior to the regular gun season, which usually starts on
November 15th.
(3) Consideration should be given to having the season overlap
with the time that the South Bay Mouth to Tobermory ferry is
in operation. This would ensure easier access to the Island
and greater revenue for the Islanders. The last scheduled
trip is on October 28th, 1957.
(4) The use of dogs to hunt deer on Manitoulin is subject to a
great deal of controversy. Since most archers do not approve
of the use of dogs for hunting, it is recommended that the use
of dogs be prohibited during future archery seasons.
(5) From a public relations standpoint, it would be an advantage
and source of information for the Department to have each deer
killed by archers certified by the local Conservation Officer.
(a) The suggested dates for the 1957 archery season are?
October 19th to November 9th, 1957 or October 26th to
November 9th, 1957.
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APPENDIX
eopy Weekly Report Sudbury District
For Period Ending October 6th, 1956
Fish and Wildlife
The Minister of the Department of Lands and Forests is
pleased to announce a special archery season for deer on Manitoulin
island and Barrie Island from October 27th to November 10th inclu-
eivee During this period, the hunting of deer with firearms will
be illegal. The archery season on Manitoulin Island has been
established this year by Order-in-Council on an experimental basis
with the approval of a majority vote of all township councils on the
Island.
Mo Gebers wee ane wesidents or Ontario will require a
regular $5.00 deer licence. If they wish to take bear, rabbits,
partridge, ducks or geese, they will require an additional $1.00
resident hunting licence. Hunters who are not residents of Ontario
Wall be permitted to take bear, rabbits, partridge, ducks and geese
as well as deer during the season by obtaining a regular non-resident
deer licence for $36.00.
If an archer (resident or non-resident) succeeds in taking
a deer, he will not be entitled to hunt deer during the regular gun
season. If, however, the deer licence has not been filled during
the archery season, he will be entitled to use the same licence to
hunt deer during the regular gun season.
Archers are reminded that the success or failure of future
archery seasons on the Island may well depend on good hunter-
landowner relationships during the initial season. In this respect,
it would be well to remember all land on the Island is private,
and although the majority of landowners are in favour of archers,
-eueware nou, Iherefore, before you start your hunt, please make
the necessary arrangements with the land owner. It may be of
interest to prospective archers to know that Manitoulin Island has
long been recognized as one of the best deer hunting areas in the
province. This high population of deer is due to the good produc-
tion of second growth hardwoods which is used for summer food, and
extensive growth of white cedar which supplies winter browse. In
addition, the snowfall on Manitovlin is generally lighter than that
Manen Occurs in the more northern parts of the Province. The success
of hunters during the past regular gun seasons from November 15th
to November 25th has been as high as 50%. Each season, well over
1,000 deer are taken.
The Manitoulin is accessible by road, rail, and aircraft,
but unfortunately, the ferry which runs between Tobermory and South
Bay Mouth will not be operating at this time.
10 Sob. TOF Aoeese, Yiediois ialooge: @ soatior
3! if rsdmsvot on asys Tadotoo: ary bre felt oi%
iw emtsotll ifttw deeb to antvaonr etd a heraee es aie
Aa Gear ees Prt Sa de al
\ ' ce rt Lijis Le h hoe Gare) LO ZF rate ro Toe Roe vistors eat, an
ed Latnomktsoxe ne’ Ae [tonuo Sei t=tebae Yd weey elaes
‘ tones gkierwog Ile to exon y (aLIOLe yon” po ey ante
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7, oy vt ee fac vs Bat im iy inn gh - ple fe niin ph eco Net 4 N
DADS DAR Pe ae ee a eS OT ORS aN ee ene i ae snore”
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Bear are scarce on the Island, but the partridge and the
snow=shoe hare (rabbits), are abundant enough to supply good small
game hunting for the archer.
It is of interest to archers to note that the accommodation
on the island ranges from well equipped lodges and hunting cabins
to camping privileges. In addition, guides will be available and
groceries and archery supplies may be purchased at local stores.
All enquiries regarding accommodation and maps should be
addressed tos:
Mr. John Tilston, Secretary,
Manitoulin Tourist Assocation, or
MANITOWANING, Ontario.
or
Mr. Adam Casson, Secretary,
Rotary Club,
GORE BAY, Ontario.
Sed.
Hor
Mr. Graydon D. Hay,
Chamber of Commerce,
LITTLE CURRENT, Ontario.
iVigan AS Morris"
W. G. Cleaveley,
District Forester.
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MANITOWANING, Ontario,
November 30th, 1956.
Dr. Clarke,
Fish & Wildlife Division,
Department of Lands & Forests,
Parliament Buildings,
TORONTO, Ontario.
Dear Dr. Clarke:
We are writing this in the hope that you will consider
favourable an archery season on Manitoulin Island for 1957.
As far as the executive of Manitoulin Tourist Association
can learn there has been nothing but favourable comments from the
local people about the archers.
If there is to be a season in time that we can include
that information in our 1957 folder. We would be much obliged
if you can let us know as soon as possible the dates you may set.
ours truly,
Jar be Lalstonm, —secty,
Manitoulin Tourist Association.
oFtetnQ ONT! ravoTTKON.
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tsbienoo [fiw voy dadd sqod eit at asin ankdiew a
eVeOl wot -baslel nt (sod ben no domeor ‘yredote
iotssisoas Pwo" oh isogtaemh bo. ovbdsente ents at wt
odd mort etrhesisco slistaoveal (hem ' gaditadie need gen oe
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copy a8 =
WESTERN MANITOULIN BOARD OF TRADE
GORE BAY, Ontario
GORE BAY, Ontario,
December 5th, 1956.
Department of Lands & Forests,
Fish and Wildlife Division,
SUDBURY, Ontario.
Attention: Mr, C, Bibby
Dear Mr. Bibbys
Please be advised that at a recent meeting of our Board
of Trade, the following resolutions were passed?
1. “That the Western Manitoulin Board of Trade go on record as
being unanimously in favour of continuing the Archery Season for
at least another year",
2. "That we ask the Department of Lands and Forests for a
permanent resident manager to attend to our Fish and Wildlife
problems".
Please let us hear from you on these two resolutions.
If the Archery Season is going to be continued, it should be
ineluded in the Tourist Association Advertising for 1957.
Mourns truly, ,
M. McQuarrie, Secty.
iret Aa @
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Bushmaster Bowmen,
217 Burton Road,
OAKVILLE, Ontario,
November 26th, 1956.
Department of Lands & Forests,
Pish and Wildlife Division,
SUDBURY, Ontario.
Dear Sirs
In reply to your letter, none of the Bushmasters
participated in the deer hunt this year due to previous arrange-
ments, but quite a few intend to, next summer.
Yours truly,
Sgd. Wendy Weyman,
Sec.-Treasurer.
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BRANT BOWMEN
199 Grand River Avenue,
BRANTFORD, Ontario,
November 28th, 1956.
Mr. W. G. Cleaveley,
District Forester,
Department of Lands & Forests,
SUDBURY, Ontario.
Dear Sir:
In answer to your letter wishing to contact all archers
who participated in the recent archery season on Manitoulin Island,
our club has no archers to add to your list.
We do wish, however, to draw to your attention that ten
of our members who went to the archery season in Michigan, would
have gone to Manitoulin Island had we only known soon that there
would be an archery season there. We appreciate the opportunity
we had to shoot in Manitoulin, but having arranged to get time off
work and make reservations in Michigan, we could not make use of
the opportunity.
We are definitely in favour of an archery season in
Manitoulin Island and will certainly support it next year, provided
we have enough time to make arrangements and reservations.
And we do wish to thank you for the work you have done
in this regard.
Yours truly,
Sgd. George McGowan,
Secretary,
The Brant Bowmen.
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2 =
Archery Clubs in Ontario, 1956
Blue Water Bowmen,
c/o John E,. Hammond,
1275 - 3rd Ave., West,
OWEN SOUND, Ontario.
Brockville Fish & Game Club,
c/o John Dixon, Archery Chairman,
68 George Street,
BROCKVILLE, Ontario.
Chemical Valley Bowmen,
c/o Robert Carter,
496 Davis Street,
SARNIA, Ontario.
Forest City Archers,
c/o Norm Goody,
470 Charlotte Street,
LONDON, Ontario.
Glendale Archery Club,
c/o Harry Loth,
37 Glenridge Avenue,
ST. CATHARINES, Ontario.
King's Forest Archers,
c/o Mrs. V. Kolmer,
172 London Street, South,
HAMILTON, Ontario.
Oxford Archery Club,
c/o Mrs. W. Stevenson,
3 Vansittart Avenue, Apt.-5,
WOODSTOCK, Ontario.
Renfrew Archers,
c/o Bruce McPhail,
168 Raglan Street, South,
RENFREW, Ontario.
Woodland Field Archers,
c/o Mrs. A. Kitchen,
431 Centre Street,
OSHAWA, Ontario.
Belleville Bowmen,
Geoff Calvert,
®7o (GC. Belch,
Rie Re #6,
BELLEVILLE, Ontario.
Brant Bowmen,
c/o George McGowan,
199 Grand River Avenue,
BRANTFORD, Ontario.
Bushmaster Bowmen,
c/o Herb Brooks,
84 Cross Street,
OAKVILLE, Ontario.
Dunnville Bowmen,
c/o Max Beckett,
916 Pine Street,
DUNNVILLE, Ontario.
Galt Bowmen,
c/o Herm Walters,
85 Edwin Street,
KITCHENER, Ontario.
Grimsby Archery Club,
c/o Art Harley,
25 Elizabeth Street,
CRIMSBY, Ontario.
Ottawa Bowmen,
c/o W. L. Ross,
201 Metcalfe Street, Apt. 10,
OTTAWA, Ontario.
Port Colborne Bowmen,
c/o Charles Goss,
72 Homewood Avenue,
PORT COLBORNE, Ontario.
Windsor Bowmen,
c/o Len Gensens,
1986 Ellrose Avenue,
WINDSOR, Ontario.
York County Bowmen,
c/o Miss Ella Inches,
47 Brookmount Road,
TORONTO, Ontario.
Humber Valley Archers,
c/o Gerry Barbcur,
292 Evelyn Avenue,
TORONTO, Ontario.
Compiled by: Mr. Harry Loth, Secretary,
Hunting and Field Archers of Ontario,
November l4th, 1956.
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i) hs ee
REPORT ON THE 1956 DEER SEASON
IN THE SAULT STE. MARIE FOREST DISTRICT
by
M. W. I. Smith, C. L. Perrie and M. T. Watson
Introduction
The value of accurate data on the total kill and on the
composition of the kill during a deer season has been clearly
demonstrated.
For several years now this district has obtained data on
the non-resident kill including total numbers, percentage success
of hunters, and age composition of the kill. In 1955 the first
approach in this district to assessing the resident kill was made
when the Elliot Haynes Company was engaged to conduct a ballot
survey. In 1956, having learned some valuable lessons the previous
year, an improved survey was carried out by our own staff and inclu-
ded, for the first time, the kill by farmer deer licensees.
This report, therefore, provides our most complete coverage
of district deer hunters to date.
Resident Hunters
_ Methods
During December, 1956, and January, 1957, a mailed ballot
survey was conducted among a 25% sample of the 5,000 Ontario deer
hunters who bought licenses in this district. Lists of licensees
were obtained from all license issuers and the hunter sample which
comprised every fourth name appearing on these lists amounted to
1,238 hunters.
The questionnaire, or ballot, mailed to these hunters, a
sample of which appears as Appendix "A", was designed to provide data
on the following:
Total kill by residents
Percentage success of resident hunters
Townships in which deer were killed
Hunting days per hunter
Hunting days per deer bagged
Use of dogs, and opinion on use of dogs
OO OS
HhOoQA0 0 9
SS SS
Initial contact with the 1,238 sampled hunters was made on
January 10th when the ballot, Appendix "A", was mailed. This was
followed by two subsequent mailings on January 2lst and on January
31st with Appendices "BY" and "C", respectively.
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anjaso1cg ,eyedmun Leged gnkbegear Lied a0
42 220L al «Lia edt do porsisogser « ree
‘ta sob odd uetteesaes of toraseks ef
/ od, begsante aw YORqHIOD seinyeH.
iosest sideutev Soe: beatest uatven ,
fa nwo suo yd duc Baryges saw Yevuse: rt
sff wosbh sem1A vd {it i eric, ems Janik
ao; NO. BODIVOTR? vordtenoils 4d
»vI8H O02 eteIned
ZC
|
ip , Teel .yisvrel Bite poeRt stTedmesed ant’
10 000,2 off to slomea SOS A gnomes besoune
to eteltl ,doirdetb eid gs eeanceks Jango
e Ast 13 es i re iis. mort Bem
BHgCa erst AITOF vio Z
eons of bSiram « A BO y! ities tétoup% 3
, DB il sb Bx . 5 \? pan ry, RE OTe cpa” aoe
7 ee
test ¥o- eet 4
jw pes (ohe £5. oe
mosh aod at a
“= Soe 1S See
sued aonb sq bye
; rehege : isa ,eR0b”
WW ieee ; j OTe s 84 % ‘y bee. & Cae thw: : tos thbo7 a
£2. ew ‘ an xi ce 4159 whe ts an Ne * tad oe ae: nedw:
: [S yiscubh mo eansiiert 2 coupes dus: ows
»vievisoeqer? .. "0" Bae a Soo thaaaga
sy tat
Weather Conditions
During the 1956 season temperatures were slightly above
normal and precipitation was perhaps less than normal. Table #1
shows the noon temperature records for several points in the district
gus prior to the season.
TABLE I
Date Peshu L. Sand L. Blind R. Sys le Average
Oeti, 15 64, 58 Bi 64 61
Oct. 16 6h 66 Sh 60 61
Cete 1.7 70 65 63 76 68
Oct. 18 43 L8 53 DZ L9
Get. 19 5k 58 54 5h Do
Oet ¢20 58 58 De 60 bY
Oet, 21 6h 52 52 60 Sif
Oeus 22 58 63 5k 5k Si,
Ot. <3 13 39 De 48 15
Cet. el 42 Lg 16 45
Het. 25 a2 De 5k 54
Cec. 26 L6 48 L6 L6
Oct, 27 Lk 52 5 50
Oct. 28 Lh
Oct. 29 56
Oct, 30 56
Ceti 3a. 58
Snow stations were in operation from November lst and
Table #2 records this information.
Date Bat chawana sand L. Balkan His Oise Twp. Wells
Hover 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Nove 2
Nove), 3
Nev. &
Nover 5
Nove. 6
Nove 7
Nov. 8 trace HN
Novis, 9 trace 1" 13"
Nov. 10 trace ate ze
Nov. ll trace 1.8" sf
Nov. 12 trace ioe in
Nov. 13 trace are at
Nov. 14 trace 5a" 13"
Nov... 15 "gan eet Ty
Nov. 16 a 10" 5M
Nov. 17 63" LO" 7
Nov. 18 dai 10" 6 i
Nov. 19 aot Lo" 4.8
Nov. 20 2.0" 10" 4.6"
Nov. 21 5-3 16H 320
Nov. 22 7.0% 18.3" ay
Nov. 23 wb 16.6" M
“aly an OS Bae zt 6"
OVe 7 oe ae v" 3
a ae tn
ovode isytie. Stew estitanvauen: eu:
ofdsT -famron sedd east aqertyoq t
johadedt “odd nt i {pyoves tot abrose
SS BTOVA
4s se ae c
* ‘ + gm oe a
ve a¢ OC
ve X S2 ge
4 .> C7
’ _\, »e VV
a mh $2 VE
‘
' -
SaaS | Owe
. ae
a ja i .c
Ca]
Cres ba
‘a on
Jf ae
base gef tedmevol mon Hofsa4ede Ni otew. edotense c
scoltenrotaf. etng aba
bag + bay
, o9 ee
ay ge
Generally speaking, these weather conditions allowed
access to all parts of the district but lack of snow reduced the
opportunity of tracking. Small ponds first became frozen on
November 14th.
Data
Initial sample ballots mailed - 1,238 = 100%
Ballots returned, completed - 978 = 79%
Since the original was a 25% sample, the nonrespondents,
260 in number, reduced the overall sample to 19.3 percent.
Of the 978 respondents, 40 = approximately 4 percent,
hunted in areas outside the Sault Ste. Marie District. A further
28 hunters - 3 percent of those who bought licences, did not hunt.
Of the nonrespondents, 9 were returned because of incorrect
addresses.
As in 1955, the district has been broken into 6 areas for
purposes of comparing success and total kill within the district.
These areas are shown in Appendix "D", Table #1 presents, by area,
the numbers and percentages of resident hunters and of resident+-farmer
hunters and their respective success.
TABLE III
No. of
No. of Resident- Percentage Success
Resident Farmer Percentage
Area No. Hunters Hunters of Hunters Residents Farmers
1 1h 0 16 28.6 O
2 2h9 8 29.5 Zoe 50.0
2. ZOD 70 h2o1 266) 40.0
4 23 38 Aen 41.5 3422
| 22 O 205 36.4 O
6 48 3 509 Sar) B30
Ontario residents who purchased deer licenses in this
district numbered approximately 5,000. Of this number, 4 percent
- 200, hunted outside the boundaries of this district. Thus, of the
total number, 4,800 actually hunted in the district.
Fourteen percent of the respondents to our survey indicated
that they had hunted on a farmer's deer license. The total number
of such licenses can, therefore, be calculated at 672. Returns by
these licensees indicated a success of 38.7 percent. The total
kill by these hunters is calculated, therefore, at 260 deer.
The remaining 86 percent of the Ontario residents sampled
in the survey hunted on a regular resident license. These residents
numbered 4,128 and reported a success of 30.4 percent. Kill by these
resident hunters is estimated at 1,245 deer.
bewolisa enoisibace. "1. Seow |
sit beowber wome Yo adosi dud.
no. nesort omnqad awe huog fi
gest = vettea, akin ofqnss Le
Lqmee Res ‘B.eRw, Lentgixe etd eo
38 tes a £% of ar
be Ie, iqmoD gaerTeON: f
oLenee flerevo: odd beouben at vd
\ Xte9 am ixo tags, - Ou anes
ore _Atiure opis shieduo e
dgvod ow eeedd Io daeot
ad barrens stow .@ wee r
rbd 9 ine
ss
snob lee: ‘to @egednsoteg B
Sloe ps Lee to tao ovag fi 18d
; ev) ke Wy telus
; ry eesooue - Ee 4 Moby ere: “Deen” Boia A :
aot Bro. seg
eect sotacath. ond. ECE 7
into? bite sescoue ‘yade Bits “
ae xibasqqa at awode- a 7 i
asooous SVivoageet, tise
to. ot.
~trisbreod,
senme T
_ Bee
CBT ortw syuebiee obs
900, 2 vieosohcongays ' bert
o wot aris tod sis SbLIE INO:
nf be cit va bcc rnaraih on 008.4 4
uh atone? # no. bodrae
fgo od coe ota igMBo S26kae
lo Begogue 8 bedezibat gee
« DS; setae te > ae haa
to deo" q 08 antatenee eat
ae YY é ie. bedava Vow
eas, f 36 r Saatsee- oe ;
fen Cass
ma Sate
The total kill by resident hunters, therefore, is
estimated at 1,505 deer. Of these, 47.8 percent were bucks, 38.7
were does and 13.5 percent were fawns.
The foregoing may be summarized as follows:
Pueemcersales to residents of Ontario secccccecececcccccess 5,000
Licensees hunting outside of this district ~- 4% 200
Beemer hunters (Ontario residents) Soscosccsccccccvcscece 4,800
Farmer deer licensees = 1L% of sample eeev5envo0aevn0e2e0e¢8020028080808008 672
Percentage SUCCESS @eeeeoocvccoseseeevseeeevoeveevseceeveeoeseonoeseseoeseeeeeevreoe @ 36.07
feuamated kill by farmer deer LicenSeeS sccvcccccesccsocses 260
Resident deer licenses - 86% of sample cescccccervevceccees Hyl2e
Percentage sucCceSS eeeseaeocoeaeoceaoeeoegpgeseocoeaespeoegew#weoecodn0ecn0e @ oH © eeseeseoses ee @ 305%
Meeimated Kill by resident deer licensees ceccscsevcacsceves Lek
hotel Pode): by Ontario residents eoogo@eeeveoecevoevee#@ocooeoeeeoee eed @ @ 1 505
deer.
The average hunter spent 6.4 days hunting and it required
an average of 20 hunter days to bag a deer. The average hunter
reported seeing 2.6 deer or almost nine times as many as were shot.
Approximately 29 percent of the hunters used dogs and
42 percent favoured their use. Forty-two percent of those using
dogs bagged a deer, as compared to 27 percent success by hunters
who did not use dogs.
Non=Resident Hunters
The non-resident deer kill was sampled as in 1955 by
personnel stationed at the ferry dock on weekends only. In this
way a total of 224 non-resident deer hunters and 106 deer were
CL aese Of these, 72 hunters had bagged 45 deer outside this
TSN AE gaa eae
Thus, 152 non-resident hunters shot and exported 61 deer
from this district.
On the basis of this sample of 106, 57.5 percent, of the
deer exported at the border had been shot in this district.
Customs records show that a total of 515 deer were exported in
1956. It follows then that 57.5 percent - or 296 of these were
bagged in the Sault Ste. Marie District.
The sample taken also indicated a 40 percent success by
non-resident hunters. Thus, if non-resident hunters bagged 296
deer in this district with 40% of the hunters successful, we must
have had a non-resident population of 740.
Percentage composition of the non-resident kill was as
follows:
Tibet
et ,stotoreid pee soulibde
<adoud stow = 8.99 cond 10
sorwet ow %
tewollol cy testrsania ad yan ites
seer eteeeereaees ROSE s ‘eke sn ‘to esnobleot of
. NA + Jobtvesh etd¢ to ebfetio we
Weeeeer etter er ocr) co (egnobteet ofyean0)
sccovevevedsetevenene oLqmss ‘to BAi « aseanoot
eect e eee eaten ae t® Lew OCU ee enwaeeedes ceqees ehpebie
pevenevocntervevecs SOSORBIEL Ipoh Tonte2 vd {ffl
| -evees OLqmpg to ROR « asenontt 90b
we asaceeseererseoe suse eepe seen eeeeseeees err
eecevcscsuecvues QB98MO9EL tosb gnobieet yo 26
cece seweeeee ev usneoe ed oe Oe ORs oe spebresot ‘ora ino NSS
:
*
*
*
*
©
.
°
.
*
*
7
©
1k bite satiaudt eveb 8 faege teJaud oneteve ofl!
{ osetova oa? .tse6b 6 Bares even “esas 08 tos
Tow 8! ifm es eek o@in Jeon fe 10 yuob 3 Opa an
ob beav-etetount etd oO 98 LEO g Se ‘Uipdemtxonag
ots to ansoxteq OweHysTOe hae pid DIMWOTE. e
wi vd eeooome Sneeteq VS Ge) boraqnoa es ,t9eb-6>
) ,epedb sew 3
a20f mt es befamses esw 1Lea scent i Sipoaites Ts |
r yyino ebretoow no anob Yates mes note tele
dof 6 doi. "900 JhgRieeron ASS ‘to Le
i ab J bed i SY ,easds 10) .
7 -_
LOC aS DiS OMe. BLS OT a ay abbr-r0s Se f one Ae
| a yoligerb @
COL to 3 Lemp “atdd to ¢fe eed. odd ae
vet soe freeg bh 46 brood sit- oe fom .
miogxs o1ow tooh @£2 To Aas ‘jedd wode ebiee
Ww ond ro 16 » Jnopisd € Ne Sucle tedd ewollot g
Ai resend | ahaa 62708 ade *{eee @
ioO19g |! ‘i £& DED so itbnt OF re me Ans ra ol] qatse edt
; on bE yee | } I eurit 4 ee te Stet 2 ngb
josd edd Yo WOd ddtw Joi9sekD et
OAT to aokseticaae In abies ison fs =
[fri gnebteot=snon ait To note EaO MOD ons stot
mn ae
Bucks - 46 percent; does - 31 percent; and fawns - 23 percent.
Aging was possible only on 50 of the 61 deer checked.
Age distribution was as follows: 2 aA
iw
8
p)
Total deer kill in the district: Resident hunters - 1,245
Farmer-hunters - 260
Non-resident hunters - 296
Total LOO
~w
cd] Ee
ft hSi-4
Discussion and Summary
The survey of the 1956 deer season was conducted bys
Vaunenehecking station at the ferry dock and (b) a mailed ballot
survey for resident and farmer hunters patterned after that con-
ducted in 1955 through Elliot Haynes Limited.
It was estimated that approximately 4,800 residents hunted
in the district, and killed 1,505 deer. Of these, residents who
hunted on farmers’ licenses numbered 672 and killed 260 deer. The
success of the farmers was estimated at 38.7 percent and that of
other residents at 30.4 percent. The significant number of farmers’
licenses sold and their relatively high rate of success emphasizes
the need for continuing to obtain figures on this portion of the
kill.
Non-residents numbered 740 in 1956 as compared to 1,400
in 1955. Their rate of success dropped only slightly from 43
percent to 40 percent but the total kill dropped from 615 in 1955
to 296 in 1956.
The total kill estimated at 1,801 deer, decreased from
the 1955 kill of 2,030 by an amount nearly equal to the decrease
in the non-resident kill.
Areas #*s 2, 3 and 4 were again the most popular and the
most lucrative. Special attention was again given to the kill on
St. Joseph Island and another sharp drop in the total kill for that
part of the district has been noted. A special survey of the herd
and range conditions on St. Joseph Island is now underway and a
Supplementary report of our findings will be issued shortly.
An attempt is being made to prepare a special report
providing historical data for deer in the district. This report
will also include the more complete data of recent years and it is
hoped that information will emerge to show us how our present deer
herd compares to that of earlier years.
.betseito ‘tosh
OL .
os
Se;
coe ar |
a arocoud tnebieoi ssatadets ond sat 2
eas
Oo $ - ats taud=toarte 4
ees - erednud jnsbleeisn0t
-Insoteqg €S ~ enwst ite
f08,f£ Indor
Yismse brig |
syd begou jar sew soasee toeb O@CL sdé to yavawe of .
toftind boftem a (d) bas A9eb yrtet oft ts notsede ankl
enoo gad3 note bontatseq etodmend remtmst bas tiobtes
»booimed songs gorild Aguordts ¢
besaud eisnebteos 008.4 yloceminxorqys ahs ‘betemtses. enw
tw etnsbkeot eastt 10 yesh @0e,% Gallia bre Wage
eft .teob 008 belt ty bas SYO bevedmyn aeedeotl "exer 181
lo ded? bas dnooteq Y.SE t8 bodtemtgeas sew etomist onge
‘'evomist to nodmuel tneoltingte oT ,.dnegteg A.0F gs etagh
eestesdquoe sesoour To sdet Agta qovtastor vionlt bus bLOE
| tduog eid? so eetug kt missée OF gaiuntssoa Ot
>
OOi,f oF borsames e6 SACL AL oan bowtediauter svhoh stow aaaa
es is
ort ylddatfie vino beqqoth essagve Bo Sd6t tee
“ we" ,? XY ‘ J my - f
eeCl mi cid mowl heqqorb £h
in Lasoo odd oad tneo1sq OL ©
| 2 ORG ‘
phy —
mort boassiseb ,toeb [08,1 36 bedemszee. {ita Is3o3 it
esetseb old od Leups Yineon tayome me ¥d OFO.S Tor
, «i fia noblest
7 i
si? bae tsluqoq seom ens nisge ets e brie — .S a'h &8 ae
jo [ff eft of movig oleae eae moteeegan Igtsage wave:
Sefdd sot [fi Isdot ene nk gob eene tetijons bas baptel
biel sft lo yoviwe Ieloeqe A ,badon moped ead doiytenoe
bas yewitsbew won at beslel Ageeob .0G Ro enotstbaes
mrofe boueet od ILiiw @unibart abo to Micdes <
er
qor I[stoeqa & etagetq oF ebsm Bniso 3f dqmsTIa i am
ot efdT .JSoiuseth odd al teen ‘yot sinh [ealroge
ef Si bas etasy dnodet to SIJen ste Lqmos | otom ong obuLlome
tisestq tuso word eg wode o¢ suteme Iifw noltsmrotak
etey tokitse to gedd of a
-~ 4S -
APPENDIX A
DEER Hoven fe NeG. io UR Vee y
ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF LANDS & FORESTS
We are conducting a survey among Ontario hunters regarding hunting
practices and deer appearances and kills during the 1956 season.
Your co-operation in answering the following questions will help
improve hunting conditions in future years, and the three minutes
you spend answering this questionnaire will be greatly appreciated.
To show our apprecation, we are enclosing a carborundum stone that
you will find useful on your next hunting or fishing trip.
Yours sincerely,
District Forester.
Approximately how many days did you spend hunting deer
during the 1956 season? iiscueces GAYS
iiewmiae vOownship or general area did you hunt? .wcsccvscecccceee
(a) Approximately how many deer did you see during
your hunting trip? eoo@cooe2s6e06000828008009000600 @ecegoeeo0oe¢?d0 sd ®@
Pamowonany Moose Gid YOU SCE? .sccncsucvees sveseveces
Dadeyou bring home a deer this season? Yes ( ) No ( 3
ie Ves, what was it? Buck ( ) Doe 10 3) Fawn (_ )
Sead you hunt with dogs? .iccctess. Yes (° ) No ( )
(b) Are you in favour of or opposed to the use of
dees an deer hunting? J.e.s.. in favour 4 } Opposed ( )
Pear eSweaa Mere At WOU WES Seen occ ee ei eecesicnccccescoce ve
Thank you sincerely for your help with this survey. All
information will be treated confidentially.
Please fold and seal this self-addressed (return postage
guaranteed) form and drop it in the mail box today.
~
a
tbhta207 oa ‘obte
dees peepee oe
w enolteoup &
ertds ett b
e vi 14
1B
1g5 La
tedig snove my baw sods B sek isng aan: OM
:
eqiit acite Lt ate) per baton aero ey ate
evioreonte eww0t
ISVBS TS ' ea Ma A egw
ee ee eee eon ere nie Ty
yesh aboot bose Hon eae, yausit ‘Wout
ey b ** oof OF 9 4 } HI ae eu e ae
qntrwh eee Hoy bth +98 a, wot vied
Seer aed pes RR Rida duh oo"
Sine beara! ata DR RONEN Ne", fage uOy ‘bed: ott
. a | 7
. | oF to} wey noe Sam piss toot 2 ) Sort
{ ) of ( 28% “dis eieenn Seneb dak “dowd
to weu ond oF baaoaga ib 10 niowe aa
( } beeogq’ OD at rsh ny, seen fant ae a west
ohh al ie Ss, } Lg) a
e«e Soe ero ees Oe SOK OHH He OH eee ee hetor ie 8 onpect! ig
" eee ee i "0 kere +
— tM Ch me ce aR CRIES LE lake IME Nok aes ahaa Mm ill Yr Arr tert A et i
[fA .voviwe aint tdiw afer “so OD ‘ylorornte way
wviteis Nob ETeo De soln a Led
‘foe abny J fies. bares bf vent
fie 3% ott Re nia ont ‘ban, i a
WHEN REPLYING KINDLY QUOT
THIS FILE NUMBER
APPENDIX B
ONTARIO
DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS
DouUlt ote. Marie, Ontario,
canuary 2, 1957.
Dear) D112
Recently we forwarded you a deer hunting
survey questionnaire, which you have not returned to
date.
We would appreciate your cooperation in
returning this questionnaire, which will help us in
our deer management program.
If your questionnaire is already in the mail,
please accept our thanks and disregard this reminder.
Yours very truly,
A. J. Herridge,
GPC /f District Forester.
O28 VIC SHIVIEAR “IHW
MPUMUW B7re BHT
~Oftse tno ey Pee aes ele
iment eis bogene tb! fae, Leta aks sei oom
~ Raed 18 ade
not Ae 8 OY babel? t
benririet Jon 4 ven sO i dw 0%
ml molie%s fs Fae \ oantaamnggg ail
Bi ated, Td ee in tlw Fee) , fosn “s¢ BY:
eft mt yvbserts et ee A, “0% at
(Vinny viet Raney,
a ‘ Wel Pp Yi } ‘ t ‘ muy ty
® ci bf Bp. ols wiih eer a cM
steteexol détade a! | ee i
ioe 50 ul WHEN REPLYING KINDLY QUO
APPENDIX C THIS FILE NUMBER
DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FCRESTS
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario,
January 31, 1957.
Near Sirs
On December 13, 1956, we forwarded you a deer hunting
survey questionnaire which you have not returned to date. We
also forwarded you a reminder on January 21, 1957. Would you
please fill in the following information and return it to this
Office as soon as possible?
1. Approximately how many days did you spend hunting
deer during the 1956 season? deigiena sew Gays
2. in what township or general area did you hunt? .rccccevoe
3. (a) Approximately how many deer did you see during
MouE hUMbANeS CUP? veese teases sec Ne enewecces gee
(b) How many moose did you see? cesece Sap wiaisiswee eevee
feaelvaeyou bring home a deer this season? Yes { ) No( )
if yes, what was it? Buck (_ ) Boe {).) Fawn ( }
Meet you hunt with GOES? Jdcenuswares Yes ( ) No ( )
(bo) Are you in favour of or opposed to the use of dogs
iiedecr HunliNehawewseeee In tavour ( )) Opposed ( )
Your cooperation in returning this questionnaire will
help us in our deer management program. If your questionnaire
is already in the mail, please accept our thanks and disregard
this letter.
Yours very truly,
MTW/f A. J. Herridge
District Forester.
ity Pega
ove Yueh SHIvseare Wow
S3GMUN 3119 DHT ‘
BT2TAOR SMA 2anAs TO THAMTRARD
~obredaO ,otvall .ed@ tase
Teel . LE yrewagl
“ev etab od poraraen phe “eved WOY ‘Ab tae i
yoy bilyoW .VeOl ,[S yrasast no teboaimes 2 oer Be
etd} o¢ 2i aude bre nolsemrotat yntwollot ord ae
) eidleeoq eo -M
antgnavc biege voy bib a YNsa wor Les emt
OVED: osesbcneae *noeese BeOL ang gat ab
soegeeocese THMUd oy bib sete Leroy 10 qidenwod ¢
agntwb ssa voy bib tesb “yoann word ete
~ Seer eerereeeeeov es sve eee enveweeee Taitt gn iota
enveoneeusbedeee igaga ene woy DED seoom yee we '
( ) of ( ) eeY fmoasee eine tosh s onod anbud
} mei ( ) sod = J tone Sat ecw Some gee
tL J) ot (¢ ) esx eee Tegob Adtw toud voy BEE
exoh to ser we og besoqqo oO ‘to nyove? AE yoy 6 f
: } beaoqq) ( ) voVvBt AL vevsesece * got toud ‘oud aa
ree
tn te
tw etisnnotsasup std? gantetstes nf aotdetsqoos aor
etisnnoisesyp twoy tT aMerwong tnemezecan iesbh wo as
t
ai
rsyetelb bas ednsdd awe tqeson seaolg ,tism dag ae
«viors yrev savor
egbittal .b sa
s1Sstee107 stofratetkd .
APPENDIX D
SAULT STE. MARIE
DISTRICT
)
\
Sault Ste. Marie
un) TLE
Vie
\
, 2B Min
vr yi eBruce Mines
Ms Xa Thessalon
hie g ins Eee
a rth Sa
We oi aa Cha Nel
o.? ~
Plan Showing -
Areas for breakdown of deer
hunter survey data.
em 2 eT Non-Pistrict a
Data.
200
aTAaM .8T2 RVAE
TOIATeIG. i,
2
a=
“4
of
See
_— ~
~ } 4
“a ~-
_- xD
é ~, | i
7s
oa
= ay,
7 : ae es. Pee Bees
<i ¥ =
ee
.- et
i
- .
é
-
toeb to awobsseme
: ' BIRD 4) i
wnat smnyainpeneme |; *hhtdetdanol Clee
Bua ots
DEER SEASON - KEMPTVILLE DISTRICT - 1956
by
J. B. Dawson
Deer kill data are difficult to obtain in Kemptville_
District since an extensive road system makes the use of checking
stations impractical.
Three methods of data collection were used during the 1956
deer season. These were as follows:
(i) Two survey teams, each composed of two men, collected information
during the course of the hunt; one team spent one week, the
other two weeks in the field.
(ii) A checking station was set up on the Lanark road, near Perth,
on November 17th and 18th.
(iii) An appeal for deer heads or jaws for aging purposes was sent
to District Licence Issuers for distribution to District
hunters. 1500 mimeographed forms and a similar number of
shipping tags were sent to approximately 90 issuers. The
value of deer management was outlined and hunters were
requested to ship the head or lower jaw of their deer, express
comlcen, FO the Kemptville District office.
Of the above three methods of data collection, the survey
Bedlis were the most effective. 311 Kemptville District deer were
checked: 200 of these were checked by one team, 56 by the other.
The Lanark road station provided information on only 15
Kemptville deer, although 92 Tweed District deer were aged during
the two-day check.
The appeal for aging material made through the licence
issuers was disappointing, since only 55 jaws or heads were received
at District Office. Co-operating hunters represented only 3.2% of
the total number of appeals. It is believed however, that approxi-
mately one third of the forms were not distributed to hunters. If
this was so, and if hunter success is considered to be about 30%,
then the 55 returns represent a return of nearly 20% of those suc-
cessful hunters receiving forms and tags. Some of the deer aged in
the field were potential returns; this, of course, influenced the
amount of aging material received at District Office.
Hunter Success
Although reliable figures are limited, hunter success
appeared to be good in Kemptville District.
The method of data collection influenced hunter success
rates. Field crews located many deer for aging purposes by ques-
tioning farmers and local storekeepers. Thus, hunter success
information was biased by the fact that most of the parties inter-
viewed had already bagged one or more deer.
aT
he bar
Ww A
PU ae -
Hf : im
# vs 23
"TP J ies
k qs
Siw pepe
A - we) :
1 ba a
LD iw te Be i
: ~ eee
- 1 ory 5
prarsk fy i
Src rer
Go LO 4
‘+ \
2 4 wv
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< 4
at
w
: Ww
b ‘,
Ps |
Li
ni
®
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"
© x
ev “4 -*
rf &
’
|
e
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;
ry
’ fp
6%
s: 7a) r
o~
‘
ha) ‘
; : re ree
~- & i
viqned nk ateasddo ot Huot 5B ») ona cae Oi set
ite SP i{!
,
~~ SY 4 A Be rt " . =f
oofltc. Joliset? silivianss aie od As
iy to team sand. to ont odd ‘¥d ‘beserid eew
edd gexten medeye bao owikenedas”: nF pone
,fem ows Io Deng sey 9 rs, ‘aneee tae
ot sno seri add. “ie EB IHGO eng
Meri sitoae eilsow “¢
shee Aw | a om ‘ tom = sok i
HIGRBS ote SO. 8 oS8 Shy aotteva = e
re ‘is
ae ee
or
HIBS Bove dave, “adie ‘
Los 0) ewe aN ih ely Leek ot
ttudindeatla ToT 4 sosteotd ie
te 8 bas ergot erptae” GOR
\ ris ¥; ry Ae The
e1aW ange?
eniea Rigi <99 0 <3
fen? otha om haw
(foo estet to ehedged-seads svodie ‘od
- inet rs , mr “%y :
‘7 olliveqnet, £06" "sav eaors te teonr old
2 yee ono Yd bedondts, stew epede Taam
mount bobiven)) iin, 4 “ny Spal a
voob *ointerl bsowl-Se savodels ami
ioods:
¢ "rr oe at he ; } " bys Peary Bites xt Leeqass edt
TO Bwe; ¢ Pee os ot Cm “y tars DOY Longe
; ~. * rs a we ie,
; ie 7 i. in | on fae | " : “A nn
aarti 200 Sm eRe “pt pit (BOLTR
r Mr ah ¥ ’ or iy “7 eo 7 ‘
ReaD Lee de Pt enn Rear nese 8 PLEAS TO Te
4odiroe eb dom ei Gayo? se ‘th badass
i} boyshhedeo @2 meomoie tegaent Tl Bee 7 Bi
rson to. ode e sitese eee anidtet a a
mod sAaee’ one atrro? uiivieset “To dn
sano: "Lo <a ite series Is peieetty,. tow
‘30 tetnsekO G6 boevisgat Dette) ate
ee | : 10) bo dteon oft.
Te ure 10't 6 yet au he tad ewerrd blok®
cane r ta} iii ‘ au » &: *"y 48 af ora slg 80 Je BBG ®, 4 bas B tom
ete. ottort tO erie. : ee vbesais | bar
alee
af live ay.
ry Alm
a
Data collected in the above manner is as follows:
No. of Percent of Man-days Man-days
Hunters™ Deer Shot Success of Hunting per deer
170 88 Bey. 1051 ae,
More reliable hunter success figures were obtained on
opening day. 181 hunters who had bagged 20 deer, were checked in
Marlborough Township of Carleton Count, on November 12th. This
indicated a hunter success rate of 11.6% and a figure of 9.0 man-
days per deer bagged. The hunter success figure is low since hunters
were questioned throughout the day and some, no doubt, shot their
deer after they had been checked.
For several reasons, no attempt was made to distinguish
between organized and casual hunters. Casual hunters predominate
in this District, and those that do hunt in an organized fashion
are usually farmers.
High hunter densities in many areas no doubt tended to
equalize organized and casual hunter success rates. Many hunters
shot their deer in front of other men's dogs and organized drives,
and numerous deer, wounded by organized groups, were claimed and
tagged by casual hunters.
x includes organized, local and casual hunters.
cee
sewolfot ee ab ama evodo et at
eysbenal ” eyabeat to dnsost
gob 190 &,
Cif | FOL
no benteatdo etew sug Seovoue sit 6
nt bexosdo stew ytsab 0 Foto J
etaT .ArsSt asdnovol! ne gan motefnd
~orma 0.2 to stuuftt 6 bas RO. if 26 ster teas
eresnud sonte wol ef otugit eesoous eodmi ont
e ¢ 4: dd tode ,tdyob on qyotoe bas YHb eda tuod:
shexoento Asg9
usnitzeth o3 sbem sew of notte. OM ,enoese't {
ninoberq etocnud Eeuesd etodaurl Laveno 8
fr £
tdest boexstnsegyro ne at deal ob tel veond. b
tS
ot bsbas? tduob on epsta yaom at aoittensb + ¢
e1sdnud ynsli .estek sesoowe ted Isveso me
~eavitib borinss10 bis egob a?nem toddo to grotto me
bos bemislo stow ,equotg bexinsgio yd bebauow —
» atch
ee
a rae 4
.erotnud L[eseso bone Lnool .besinegioe eobeis
H 30
- 54 -
Deer Age-Class Distribution Summary
District Kemptville 195 6
Total Deer Checked: 311
MOG BUCKS seseees 125
Adult Does cooeeeeee 87
mek KAWNS wee cece LO
Doe Fawns 6oeoogc 080 @@00 Li
Unsexed @eeeeoeoeeeoee8ese 8
Adults unaged wesc. 25
Percentage of Deer Checked:
Percentages of Adult Deer in Each Age Class
Bucks
No. of Percent of
Age .—«s—<és=Deer Total
Ne 43 36.4
23 19 16.1
34 14 ro
LB a7 1hek
53 16 13.5
63 5 4.3
73 2 le?
84 = 0.0
93 2 aici
104 - 0.0
forAnS 118 100.0
UNAGED 8
tank 1s
Average age of
Adult Bucks 3.32
AGUA BUCKS Waakasevesscese 4Oe51%
AiG UGSGI EN Calsibessncsees 27097%
Bees Game siecsatcesecs Sle52%
100.008
Does oexes Combined
No. of Percent of No. of Percent of
Becer om Pamelwil)) Deer. jcRotal _
23 32 39 66 bipees
9 1248 28 14.9
9 1245 23 T22
Th Liat 28 14.9
vel Ne ay 1h.4
2 earie) fi Fad
5 43 D Z¢0
2 29 2 tee
- 0.0 Z Lvl
- 0.0 - 0.0
70 100.0 188 100.0
17 25 bey
87 213
Average age of Average age of
Adult Does 3.58 eld adults 3.12
>
Race LE
X00.00L
sboNoadd sed to egadaeos4 ;
eee eh ee eeeesees edxtoud sfuba —
our eee ee eee en eee neotl siuha .
ec eee eee enhances enwst Lesot
tneotad TO so:
aw hetOT eee
PE 2 gS.
ras ‘ g < (
8h. —§®
hy t %
~ oH
es $
ef) one
det) a
Wy4 Oy
to O38 egarevA
Beet Bool thybA
‘ar ees
aie
SS- os -
poe dtubs
%
be)
50. ineored ‘to s
poe,
8 svosennaal
ee
7 a eeeeee
neeeenees
Estot
ee oe ; " wre sa Ans :
AsBE
0,001
ast
‘to 628 ennai
Shel @ oe —
SRS
Age-Class Distribution
Age-class distribution figures, for 188 adult deer aged
in Kemptville District, indicate
(1) that 37.8% of all adult deer aged were 43 years of age or
older.
faye that 22.9% of all adult deer aged were 53 years of age or
older.
The 1954 and 1955 Ontario Deer Season summaries show that
only 16.35% of adult deer aged were 44 years or older, and only
8.4% were 54 years or older. (Ave. of nine Districts 1954, 10
Districts 1955).
The number of 23 and 34 year olds in the Kemptville sample
is low and the reasons for this are not well known. It has been
suggested that the deep snows of late winter in 1955 may have
influenced the survival rate of the 1954 fawn crop and thus lowered
the number of 23 year old deer in the sample. If this was true,
an appreciable mortality must have occurred, which is questionable.
Certain sampling errors may have occurred; these are,
however, not obvious.
if a representative sample of the deer herd was obtained
the abundance of older deer would seem to indicate that the herd
has not been over-harvested during recent years.
bens tseb tiuhe 88f 10% sous pare mt:
etsotbut
10 ens to e1sey ba bh / bogs we0b ton fe 40 8
aan ° D2
y* Spar
to ogs to ersey 42 Stew iia wink oobe Is ‘to Re.SS .
—
fab OY
teda wore eotismmue moesee te9f obtetn0 y anes ree “SOL 8
vine bas ,1bfo to ersey $ ovew bess toeb ¢ ba Yo.
OL ,de@L etotisetd ontn to .ova) wiabhLo 70 etEs 198
olqmse olfliviqaeNt edd at eblo se07 de bas Eg to deanna
need esd 31 .nwont flow ton ete eidd rot enossst ena:
everd yam @20L nt wstntw etal To eworne . ps Deis
berewol end bne qovo mwet §20L ond to ston Levi
,outd Bew etdd Il .efqmse edd af tosh Blooteey |
sfdenotsesip.el do Eat ~beris9899 eved Jenn tities
sis gases shorimeso ovat yem etoTrs gr itqmoe ated
wevotvde J -
<q Z
benitstdo esw bied s9eb odd To eee evita steestqet a
bred eft tJedd staolbni oF mege biyow toab nebLo, to £
-21seY Inesey aniawh boszowssit0v0 A
So)
H 32-4
1956
Nov.
Nove
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
NOV.
Nov.
Nov.
Nove
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
i2
13
14
a5
16
a7
18
9
20
ran
Ze
23
2h,
Deer Season Weather Report
Station General Conditions
Snow Conditions
% of Ground Soft or Average
Covered Crusted Depth
Hild - -
ia - <
100% in am. soft
Me an P.M,
igus all =
‘ale ile =
mat -
al: -
ia) -
ma ‘=
na 1 -
mid -
mal -
District Kemptville
Ground Conditions
Frozen
eee or oft. Wet vor Dry _
SOLt Dry
lightly fro- Dry
zen in A.M.
soft Wet-erain all
day
soft Weterain all
day
soft Wet-rain in
aem. - high
winds in p.m.
soft wet
soft dry
soft dry
soft wet-rain all
day
frozen wet
frozen wet
frozen wet
™ f.
¢ ri : v if r
ene en ame A nA Ea elie ae me Hg nwa
“
Ta
PSOE
“> ~ 4 bh on 59
4 eet: ae
—eree a woe he ie ete it ee earemeeoreny
ey
ap 48 tok
i La
rv ' mwe 7 1
V + i 0 i. 1
ior
rr + ee a
& ” . LIS
a et
r eo + call
4 ; rey aly yi + Ae hy a
y
a is on et
j ‘5 «= Nik SR
:
* _ ivf oD
se
)
' | f
er
7 ay ict
bE fae
ny Prey
r ‘ - “af * 2 yay
7 i
H
“ L q
j j Oe
atl
STOVER
foyer
ayer in 8 “Aeterna
Cd
ToS 208
bosenay
oo
= 57 =
Temporal Distribution of the Deer Kill - November 12th-17th.
Since hunters were interviewed continuously during the
hunt, temporal distribution figures for the deer kill are limited.
One survey party worked sections of Lanark County only
during the second week of the hunt. The temporal distribution of
114 deer killed in these areas during the previous week was as
follows:
Date No. of Deer Killed Percent of Total
November 12 37 Bie ole
November 13 25 PAS,
November 14 7 We.6
November 15 ae bak
November 16 8 Te
November 17 is 15
TOTALS 114 100.0
This sample indicates a gradual decrease in hunter success
following that of November 12th. The kill was lowest on November
Poco, a day of rain and high winds.
Milk Teeth
Condition of the milk teeth was. noted on 35 deer 14 years
of age. Of these 17 had shed and 18 had not shed their milk teeth.
Lactation in Does
The state of lactation was noted in only 37 of the 87 does
checked, since many deer had been cut up when the survey teams
arrived.
Lactation, by age-classes, was as follows:
Age Class Milking Dry
13 3 6
ai 5 2
34 6 :
i i i
és é f
73 al 1
TOTALS ral 10
[stol to stneotes hal ira |
en eee en Se ae ree cuig eee anu nar pe Sarg arene wag agra en rade em
ot gaisub cisandbuee: ‘newotovaie
.bedinif ote Lfhl teh: ont M02 aosuge?
yino vinwod aArened Ao: nioidoee: bewkrow: yor
to noldwdstseER laroqmet oAT trust odd to Ret
es esw Moow auolvetd ei? gubive: Rea Te
é todnwi at ceserieb Iavbewi se aeteo tine ofqim
ap ee: j oe, Og : “tte eee isda iy An
ae lw ‘Ages fie pels ~
£ f tsob Of m6. bedon sew dooed wim oniat 1
itoor7 » stent pene ton Bed 8. bee bende bed. vs
coh TR odd to SE vino wt Beton eew noldedosl to: soem
aure? yavise odd ctedw quo ds moed ‘bet eek gaam)
3 See mey eeglo ene.
f $i.
a Pal
al : oh
cy e £
9 $ : EH
fi a é
nae scsiapdatulcaiatalas
. f c ¢
=
|
a
Distribution of Deer Checked
Map #1 shows the number of deer checked in each of the
Townships open for hunting during the 1956 season.
The number of deer checked is not correlated with the
actual number of deer killed per Township in any way, since the
survey crews, of necessity, confined their activities to certain
areas.
MAP #1 - Deer Checked by Townships, Kemptville District,
November, 1956. cf
odd ‘Yo lowe a eam Ur Hse
MORRO BCL, oft a
dt doviw betsfurron ton. wt
oft conka .¥SW YOS Wi ofdeawol: tee:
nistres od ®ekiivivos: reese) ponpt ceo"
4
Jorugetd eLtivaguelt ‘eqtenwol
a rll
pa
Fae A
'
A
:
'
'
'
4
‘ y y
P
, 4
é ~“
‘
™~,
\
:
x
ma —~
sel O
1956 Deer Data - Marlborough Township*, Kemptville District
This Township, in Carleton County, has an assessed acreage
Brey .o09"™,. (The amount of Crown Land is’ negligible). Of this 85
square miles, only 29% is cultivated. 32% is abandoned farm land,
much of which is woodlot and swamp, and the remainder, 39%, is wood-
lot or unimproved land.
Much of the Township is excellent deer habitat, and since
the area is located about 15 miles from the city of Ottawa, annual
hunting pressure is high.
Several factors contributed to an even heavier concentra-
tion of hunters than usual in Marlborough Township in 1956. For
the first time in several years, the five eastern Counties of
Kemptville District were closed to deer hunting. This, coupled with
the fact that adjacent areas to the south and east of the Township
Opened two days later, resulted in a very high hunter density,
especially during the first two days of the hunt.
In an attempt to check as many deer kills as possible
during the period of highest hunting pressure, a section of the
Township covering approximately 48 square miles was cruised exten-
sively by automobile on November 12th and 13th.
On November 12th, 161 hunters, with a total kill of 20 deer,
were checked - a hunter success of 11.6%.
On November 13th, about the same number of hunters bagged
16 deer, After the 13th, as the season opened to the south and east,
hunting pressure fell considerably and the intensive check was
abandoned.
In two days, 36 deer kills were checked on the 48 square
Miles. It is estimated that about 70% of all deer killed were
checked during the two days; if this assumption is correct, then
about 50 deer, (slightly over one deer per square mile) were killed
on the first two days.
This rate of kill was certainly not maintained during the
last three days of the season due to a greatly reduced hunting
pressure. A kill of slightly over two deer per square mile is
estimated for the entire six-day season. If this figure is applied
to the Township as a whole, then a kill of 85 x 2 or 170 deer occurred.
This figure is probably high, since the 48 square miles checked com-
prise a large percentage of the Township's best deer range.
x see map #2.
xx Canada Bureau of Statistics, 1951 Census.
gobs te |
enss10s beckorss ns aad adage’ notenean Ae
e8 etdd %0 (ofdigtigen et ‘boad sword Yo-
~busl ote benobnada ak RSE. »beteviding @
eboow ef , Ye yrobakemey : ott ‘bas. a aneaart ‘hae
sonte bar ,tetidsed sesh - tepsinat et eee”) edd ‘40,
[suns ewets0 to yoro odd mort eotim tf suods: boss:
esticsonos tatvesd neve ta -of boesudixagace ‘ one
104% #el wk oidenwél davorodiasi ok faves walt s
10 eelsnuod mrodess ovt't odd ,ersey. fevevee mak |
d3ftw bolquoo ,efdT . «ant a rash od boerolo evew toad
arwoT od to dase bos ttuée odd ot Eset IaSORERee
~Yiteneb totaud dofd yrs & ak bedicest etasel aye
stn edd to eveb. ow? cers odd. aot
[dteeoa es ell youb Vir ge stoeto-ot SqnoT TS ae
forht PROSE 'to bol. :
~
i
4
o}
di? to moltose . ,ONMBBetTG Bi:
enotxs beeluio saw eoLim ateupa~ fa 23s xo dge Bie
38L bos 2351 voduevoy no siigouau
IS to (LEA Leto? 8 détw ,evetnum Lot ,esi iodusvorl at
ROell to: sesooue Teta 8 = Es
ee ;
{ exodaucd to tedmun smse ens Guedes ~Aves redxevor 4 Ds
1s Mdyos.odt oF beneqo mopees oft Bs .neth eae ‘S08 py rah
. io ovtensint edt bos yvideyshienos Ifset tq
_ odd so bestosdo. otaw efit qoeb O€-,eyab Oma nl.
er bollin wef i & ‘to SOY guods:. darts - br OE atte ek. e
rend he 3 os he € + P72 i £ Pept PB k & £ 2 TE re eid rgb ow?d Sit 3a. f
{lt so ieftm tales tog 99h OHO THY¥O: yids fa) ape
| 2X6 ows -
} anfiuyh boniadntsam Jon vine ‘dtoo Sew iifd lo 93a7t orate
anitoun boouvb visjesxs 8.07 euh moence sdt To SyeRe
[Im oteups teq aN owd tava vi Jigtfe to flit kh
tia ft omunt? aftdg 3] IOEROR: YODAKES siitae ofd SOBs
ro S x @R to Lbse | feds colori & 8S qt dene
eolim eteupe Bes add sone digid yidsedotg La
1 "yeb tesd e'qatdenwot oft to sgsdneoteg as
“4
auerne? 120£ ,goltetsese to sett Bam
=) COs
Sixty-nine deer from Marlborough Township were aged. The
results are contained in the deer age-class distribution summary on
page 61.
This summary indicates that deer in the older age-classes
constituted the bulk of the sample. Several causes of this age-
class distribution are suggesteds
te
(34)
Since the sample is small, a random sample of the kill was
probably not accomplished.
The sample may indicate a trend towards older age classes in
the population. If this is so, it may be that although high
densities of hunters occur, hunting is done in a very inef-
ficient manner. Hunting pressure was higher this season than
in previous years. It is quite possible that the harvest of
recent years has not affected the Township's deer herd appre-
ciably.
No definite conelusions can be made from one sampling of
the population and special efforts will be made to collect data from
Marlborough Township in the future.
oAT~
10. WrAmmus
mB
r +
e315 G brid
P rf}
r
ow Lith
iY Ss
lol sala
x 28)
1: reel
aetad WJ
7 Rs + “-
* : fie ote
. > : 4
tt rte ;
r
= ~Trt rT? 7
+s " a
LS * . a
{ oii
£
wt mint -
sboxs stow, chdeawot pe er
oortudirteskb baa tones, ictal offs
ifo-ena twebfo sé? AL weeb gett aden eee’
i od¢ to ofqmse mobhit es ,Lficme ef oleae ]
ene Yebfo ebtawod basse 5 steotbat vem ofg
496! e'qidenwo% ang Esvootis Oe eal “exeoy §
sosfios of sham sd Ii iw egyeiis istoaga bas.
os
to coeuso Igneve® .olqune edd 4
sboJeonaue 918. Hof
aaah a dt “TORN
isit ed yam o£. (oe ef tidd TE” .nekom
6 at snob af yietdnid saloso se wwdnen Be
cid’ terlgid sew SiypReStg gatgant SR 2
sty Jadd sJ hia avicp et SL... .8thsy 4
\
i
ero mort sham ed meas enotsulones os bittebe
Oot orig ask Sc
rk Ole oe
Hy 30
Deer Age-Class Distribution Summary
Marlborough Township, Kemptville District 1956
Total Deer Checked: 69 Percentage of Deer Checked:
Adult Bucks eoee000 26 Adu Bucks oenoseoeeeew#oet eo 4 B77
Adult Does e@o0ooeoee@2e00 Bay Adult Does oeoe@e@oeeeeongeg eee 6 305k
EUeePaWIS seesecces Ll MG eWelWiNS bese ss 0s 0060 0 B19
MGSVPAWHS es¢gseueee Ll
Unaged & Unsexed AO - Total Ce ee ee ee 100.0
Percentages of Adult Deer in Each Age Class
Bucks Does Sexes Combined
Nos or Percent No. Of Percent NO. Of Percent
Age Beer” of ‘Total peer, ot. Total Deer of Total
13 5 TWA 6 28.5 ia 23.4
23 3 ERS 3} te3 6 12,0
cS - L-) 2 9.4 z eo
he 9 Slee 7 3 14.3 12 ()
53 7 26.8 5 SE We 25.5
63 i e0 1 he@Y 2 eS:
73 - 2 il 4.9 al Ana
gh . me : :
93 iL 4.0 a - 1 2A
104 “ aa e & uy a
TOTALS 26 100.0 Zi £OO..0 17 1007.0
Average age - Bucks 4.23
Does 3.74
ALY Adudts)) tp. Le
Te v;
A
——<>—
verse sptourinist den io
se
see
* >
4
‘eeeeee eve
*
ji itosS of poet Piabk 29 .coneseos ¥e
rs é 4
eT eee ae ee en tne gm 4 at
‘a ener T tLobA | OS se eeeen |
tot" ‘96.20 alliviqmod: satan
“psios3st | ed sbedfoad
e« Soot $LubA ; eee ays ‘
. emwed Lato? SL eseecese
[{ seeeses _
eerveabvee {retort : ; - se bexeeat
; }
oot - eioud ae
tros19%, To Pre) | ies
fetoT to “_aeeeal
28s ae SOE
: 4 “] be rr
tC g42 a C ek tb
: 4 an
\®
a . -
\ arr
oy te Lon
~ r
P
‘i * f ( 7 aes
' }
a4 4 @ oye
‘ "
ume
ww 4 {
~ o ooo
om ube ad
- ~~
eee et A on) Ae ae ee A
' = A
_ ’
= 62 <=
MAP #2 - Location of Marlborough Township,
Kemptville District
T's
qtannweT dasoted
= Nes
KENORA DISTRICT WINTER DEER MORTALITY SURVEY, 1957
by
V¥. Macins
Areas Checked For Deer Winter Kill in the Spring of 1957
(1)
(2)
(4)
May 6, 1957 check on the Long Bay area North of Sioux Narrows
Lake of the Woods) by Carl Liddle (Conservation Officer) and
Val Macins. Area covered: three miles long, one chain wide
(3760 mi, sq.).
In this area the remains of two deer were found. The lower of
one 3 = 4 year old deer was collected. Part of skull, chips
of bone and hair also found in the same vicinity.
Meeehevother location (30 chains S. E. of the first) only chips
of bone, contents of the stomach and large amounts of hair
found. No sex could be determined and no femur was collected
in either case. Evidence points to predator kill. Sufficient
browse available throughout the area covered, but in places
heavy browsing on Juneberry, Mountain Maple, White Birch, Hazel
and Aspen was noted.
May 11, 1957 the area north of Granite Lake (up to Deception
Lake) was checked.
Area covered: 5 miles long, one chain wide (1/16 mi. square).
In this area no dead deer were found. Browsing only moderate.
Browse most utilized - Dogwood, Mountain Maple, Juneberry and
Fly Honeysuckle. Browsing on Hazel very light, no signs of
heavy concentrations of deer in this area.
On May 13th. and l4th. areas east and west of Cygnet Lake were
checked. Both areas covered were of a similar size five miles
x one chain wide (1/16 mi. square).
No deer that died the previous winter were found. Remains of
few from the winter of 1955/56 were noted.
In the area east of Cygnet Lake moderate browsing on Hazel,
Juneberry, Birch, Aspen and Balsam Fir. The effects of the
heavy browsing in the winter of 1955/56 were noticeable. In
this area more present signs of moose than deer were noted.
The area west of Cygnet Lake is moderately to heavily browsed
utilizing mainly the same species of browse. In this area deer
populations seem to be much more abundant than on the east
shores of the lake (estimated from fresh pellet groups).
The total area covered in all four checks on the spring of
1957 was .23 square miles.
vore
5 EYIO
re Ferris
sit
stidw .o lost nketruol “Uuiedsanwl oO grtewot
ano’. anol poltm soidt tbhentevoo, goTA Bento
nin to gxsd .betoolioo eaw tool bilo 1664 a = a
ewiintotv esmspe end mi Dawot oats tia bas 9a0d7
tit oft 10 od 46 antede, O€) noizesol eodto ek
tasome egret bin dopmada oft to etnssnos Vs
(ith sodsbetq of edniog spnebiva .o8nS Te
ot ay). ated
to déacoll asts Yeo Ano. oft do sosts ¥:
noktavieenod) s{bbtd L160 yd (ebooW a:
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sbrivol stew teebh ows to nAtenex eft see g.
Thm T a bae bankwadeb od bisoo xee OMe
sud eDEIHVOd: 4 sere od aah: a olde lieve:
»beson BW neces,
attngay Te Agron genre oft
sbadoes 93 eaM
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> j
m" ¥ine otewoxrd bre? YVSW TS b bao on £9%8 2: ta iY
wl ,ofqsit atedrrol 480 oowao4d ~ beerligy Rom.
on ,tiatl yrov fsssHino gniewot! .oftoreyems
NS J
2£9%R eLtd ak seeb “to ‘nol ee
invl to ¢sow brs Jase asore »itdal bre Asti
sfimte 8 to stow Botevus feats dstod a
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nuot stow veseiw asotverq oft herb tang ee
boton evow O@\@eOCl to wadatw edd aoe
gateword eterebom sided Jeasyd Jo tesa sere
t%t9 eT 2125 neeled brie moqea foatd . Yrte6s
aT vow O@\2@0L Yo vodntw oft nt sakewouiaae
9b cedd seoom to easte daceovg stom Bae
ee |
oF yLosetebom ek oxed: tar ayo ‘to deow 89s
,seworrd to Beotoege emce odd ‘Lote antsk
cad? tnsbawds som foun ad oF} mone chorsed
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co axoodo wot Life ni botevos ‘seta Isyore
| olin ousupe €S. Saw 4
io) hae
1956 DEER HUNT REPORT - PEMBROKE FOREST DISTRICT
by
K. K. Irizawa
Information on the 1956 deer hunting was collected at the
highway checking stations, by using hunt camp survey forms and
through field checks of camps and hunters by Department personnel.
This report presents a summary of our findings. In most cases
comparisons will be made with similar data from previous years so
that you may follow the trends which occur in deer populations and
hunting in general.
This year, 179 hunt camp report forms were sent or handed
out to the parties compared with 103 in 1955 and 107 in 1954. Prior
to January 7, 1956, when a reminder was sent out, 87 returns were
made. Following the reminder another 69 returns were received for
a total of 156 or 87% returns. This compares very well with 1955
when 85% made returns and with 1954 when 82% made returns. At this
rate by 1965 we should be getting close to 100% returns.
Of the 179 hunt camps contacted 101 were operating with
a land-use permit on crown land. The remainder were camp parties
hunting from camps on patented land or from summer cottages and
farm-houses. Of the final returns totalling 156, 14 indicated their
camps were not in use for a variety of reasons leaving 142 whose
information is used in this report.
Let us look now at the overall summary of success and
effort for the hunt camps and of checking station data.
For Hunt Camps 1956 O55 1954
Number of deer reported 604 37k 376
Total number of hunters lige 646 607
Total days of hunting 7010 LLOQ 3977
Hunter success 53.4% 57.9% 61.9%
Hunter = days per deer 6 260 10.6
In addition to the 604 deer reported above six moose were
reported killed. If these moose are added to the deer the "new"
success and effort figures become 53.9% and 11.5 hunter-days,
respectively. Some people have suggested that one moose is worth
five deer because the average weight of moose and the cost of the
Special “moose licence” are both approximately five times as much
as that for deer, Following this reasoning further we added 30
(6 x 5) to 604 and got a “revised hunter success of 56.1% and effort
of 11.1 hunter-days.
eet bees
edd te betoofloo esw ynfdnet tesh) deer add so Aolsar
' bas enmrot yevive queso soil ‘Santen yd ,encitese 3
-fenncéieq Jaomdisqed yd arednw bee eqmso to edd ‘b
sseso seom nl .egnibelt wo to yismewe 6 aaneesag
OB BI65¥ avotverd mort edoab telimte datw sbem od :ffiw-
bre enotdefuqog sob ak “wooo Len abiets afd wollo? 4
aati.
bn ioe otew emtot droge ams. Janel est eIBSY abd] Py
tol7vd .dCOL mk TOL bas @20L ak GOL coi beteqmos e6k ae
stew aniutet V8 ,tuo snes sew tebabmey & nedw Otek ey
10% bevitoos : stew ensiuder 0d tedsgons tebreinet edd? aniwol.
e20f dtiw [low yiov eessqmoo sidT seomudes ETS ao ae
etdd JA en tudet obec R88 oodw Weel wieiw bas. siden
semiugat ROOL og eeofo yaks ttag ad bivorde ‘ew
7 a
ee?
djiw sntisteqo stew LOL hs TOS IIHS neg Saud OTL ond!
sstiisq amso etow tebelamey sat «~hapt AWOLD 110 St tarte¢
bos esretioo tome mort 16 bast betnsdseq no sqmes) me
ttod3 betsotbnkt AL .Oel sati leased. siugdsy [enti ete Wee
' epodw SAl antveol srosset to wie fray & T0l sey af son
Janoqes aids ak boew ef |
pode
. ca oP eg
bas esesoue to yremiye Ifetevo sia ds wot hood by tod
: * ‘ j y= a y aa
b soktiede gauidovdo To Dns &GMS9 taud mired” o
+ =
: ¥ ri
Sze! ‘20L dacr eqns Sault
ewe ee were keene owner initia lewreryrnt 5 — ve haan Be
ee ox
€ "Fp
Ave £08 bodioqen tesh %
id Lett gxotoud to sedan
CE hs OOP . 4yrtcvaud To Bye
J Xe 88999.
ae 0.8 Bell -§e6b eq exyek
vf socom xic svoos he SIOGSHT WHHL s0d edd ot. nortibba at 4
WwSIT' my teod eng oF bebbs Sis et oam seeng iI bell ro
(3 trie [i br 2 “Ke antooud eetuglt Jvotis b;
1800! fed? Bae wave evead atqosq oinog vhs
coo onfd bes seoom To Shee s OG ETISVS att eeuBoe
s eemis evtt.ylotemtxoigge aso J ets "99on nookt oB0e
O€ bobbs ow tet txt ate ekas antwollod » goad
) P[.c¢@ to eesooue’ tetau Mil "bee ty: ay" 2 Jos BAB 400°” ie
| av se¢eb=tednumi
- 65 =
At The Checking Stations 1956 ODD 1954
Number of deer checked 381 39h 295
Total number of hunters 137 1004 Shab
Total days of hunting 6343 5720 Ah3h
Hunter success 33.5% 39.2% 35.0%
Hunter - days per deer 16.6 IAG) Dai
Although the success dropped somewhat and the time
required to kill a deer increased slightly there is no need to panic
because this was the general picture in this part of the Province
last fall. The averages for this district still remain better than
those of Similar districts adjacent to us,
The age-sex breakdown for hunt camp and checking station
deer are shown next as percentages of the total.
For Hunt Camps 1956 1955 1954
Adult bucks 45.9% 47.6% 51.6%
Adult does 28.8% 27.5% 30.6%
Total fawns 253% 2h..9% 7.870
At The Checking Stations 1956 1955 1954
Adult bucks L6.4% 2.1% LO. 7%
Adult does s 27.60% 31.5% 31.5%
Total fawns 26.0% 26.4% 278%
A total of 573 deer were aged at the checking stations
and in the field. Of these 134 were classed only as “unaged adults"
so that 439 actually aged animals of both sexes are represented in
the table below.
+
ra) oe
Age 4 (fawn) 13
22 Seite hes hail
No. 130 Ze fan y) 2
53
34 WS 8
The average ages of adult deer shown below are based on
checking station data only.
1956 1955 Sys
Adult Bucks 2 5O. VE Sa 2eino. yrs. 2.10. ViPS
Adult Does Dial, eS Sa2e VCS. 2-99 yrs.
All Adults 2a ou VE Se 2u0 VESe Pe Oh TS
Complete weight figures are not available this year be-
cause very few deer were weighed at the checking stations. We
recall one buck at 218 lbs. but the rest of the "big bucks" were
just over or under 200 lbs.
Hunters checked at the checking stations this year were
classed as "casual" or "organized" again. Calculations show that
organized camp hunters are more than twice as successful as casual
gq ov be on ef vted itngel
tvo1t + Io Sts ali rts q Levetey eno” ane
isdted ol : (hide sobute Kb eit od. abgs Tove eat.
x
4
.r
a ea een
Ci is
me |
vas
‘ 4 a
=
aE ae Foal PEER
on i Oi oe. seh eh ee
wae oleae eeemerers ie Thar ney renee etn eine jae
>
“~ f ‘ “J
‘ ‘ s' )
v *
,\ & 1 ils |
ys al + .
5 es a ee we
tubs bowers" ee ylon heeenke asow Jet cag vipa 10 Pesci
7
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mp
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ch
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a
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=
beqqort ee adore addy
fe Sepeeigas. tsp. ry
mere od ine@stbe € sore de tal “
f den TAL _
ttste untdoodo bos mse Naot Yok owobdie td a6e—enn
fesod odt 3Q sampateotedq Sh sien tae
ia
J
¢
72
>
sittase sattosd> en? Ge BOR’ .ertow Sere V2: ae TReoy.
-~ rs £ ~ He ) r
eh ¢ a an = oh.
ft WE Sc L\ Soi
o boaesd sts woied voip scoob ¢Lbube Ye Bene saaiSvieaeee
vino siBeb- mois,
ror t aay,
_ - wn } aerndentemepep sia Teen ale ashe 1
. toy ee a Pp §
2 Ts 7\'% ae : t 4 eerily eae ie’ :
c y 0G" +: eo & a TV A ie £
: 1 SEW
oc” de ee ' a ee EY 1k eat
- assy eidé eldeilavs Jon. oee saueees ieee a aio Lqgaod
spouottede antwoads od 36 beds fo otew- teen sam
‘ . ‘ 4 nite od me cr:
E ‘tetoud utd" sade to aeen Bd Wd) wee ers | -3f woe
se | sr +
c seal 005 “ebau
ott docio arsdauh 7
es reey etds enolase antwoeio eay Fe beds 2 len: é
e r 4 bs ae ay 1 f ay ee ee ad
THT. WOone Sito tgaivoueY oH ELBE sich: e ehe A4"tO™ - iO 'Tsusso
Cyleecooue @s oo iwia: ted stem ets. 2I6cnva b aaladt
SO:
hunters and bag their deer in almost half the time.
1956 - Casual hunters -~ 17.1% success, 27.6 hunter-days
Organized hunters 39.4% success, 15.1 hunter-days
1955 - Casual hunters - 18.6% success, 26.0 hunter-days
Organized hunters - 45.3% success, 14.1 hunter-days
Based on success and effort figures for hunt camp and
checking station data combined, the following general areas of the
Pembroke Forest District were rated on a one, two, three - basis
for your best chances of getting a deer in the least time.
Area 1956 1955
I Deux Rivieres - Stonecliffe - Rolphton
II Deep River - Chalk River - Petawawa
IiI Alice - Westmeath - Lake Dore
IV Indian ~- Round Lake - Bonnechere
V Paugh Lake = Barry's Bay - Aylen Lake
VI Madawaska - Hay Lake - Whitney
ke
WE MOHN WN
EWNAPSE
Area II has established itself as the best deer unit in
the district every year. This year Area IV replaced Area I as the
second best unit. There were no clear-cut differences between
positions 2, 3, 4 and 5, in fact Area I and Area VI ended up in a
virtual tie.
“To Use Dogs or Not To Use Dogs"
Dogs remain as one of the controversial topics among deer
hunters. We are not proposing any solutions but we present the
following information extracted from the 142 hunt camp returns made
as being of possible interest to you.
Four parties did not state whether they used dogs or not,
(we presume they didn’t). Sixty-eight parties did not use dogs at
all and seventy parties reported using dogs. Of the latter, 16
parties had one dog each, 17 parties used two dogs each, 13 parties
used three dogs each, 20 parties used four dogs each and four
parties had five or more dogs in camp. The average number of dogs
used per dog-using party was 2.8 or nearly three dogs per party.
The average number of hunters per party reported was eight
but in actuality there was an average of 6.6 hunters per party out
each day. This difference, we believe, is due to the practice of
some camps designating one licencee as “cook-for-the-day", while
other camps have some hunters with that familiar “morning-sickness",
which renders them hors de combat for the day’s hunt.
MYou'li Take the High Road and J’ll Take the Low Road"
Do you recall that you were asked at the checking stations
whether you went to your camps entirely by land or whether any
water travel was involved. We have found out that for this district
one party out of 13 have some water travel before they can reach
their camp. This information is necessary if the season were to be
extended or perhaps set back later in the month.
vont edd ‘ted Jao
ayeb<ts Jaud 3, 78 gensoona: &
. eyeb=trotnud “f£.éL oe
evsh—tedrud 0.08 weecooue f
evyeb-rogmun I, AL reesooue %
bas qaiso “Snund 07 sory tt. seo’ sian ene
} to essts L[eteneg' getwollot gid hestideion ag
atesd = sold ows .ano 6 md: Daten Saw tobidaid ast
omid tunet = aa Teoh. pS ‘adsaeg bad art
\a0f 220! APO I
oct Se ee aes Fase
g iS s noddg Lon: =o ttaienndt a este
ari
~ ie
[ £ pwewe ged = tov it AtetO-
a Pa) sarod eael + dtasnte
: m g arakaennod « ode ‘bavoll
rs 3 7 eae rea [YT A, - sont Ke ad gm "
f A ah yensinw (ol) yBH
mt sing web stead ont es Hipasys bedeiideans ‘end It
it ez I seth booslqsy VI Beth meey ‘BEAT gtRoy. treve
noowted dsonetetirh suo-testo on. anew ensnt eth
a? git bebas IV sewed bas TT’ eosh goed ot ae bee: dig
‘Sene0 sal of Jon ao,
ysah asoms esicot Iaktaneventdnoo ons To sno, ae HEBISt =
ad anereta ow tud’ enotgulos Vite uuteoqord JON sts
enruget anso gayd Saf ond moth Dasoetere: ‘Mmoldsmro%
oie oy ot Jeotodit old teage
jor so egoh boey vent wentonw e7hos . aout i bolsieg %
cs enob eeu ton bib aokiuag taetoeyiare {dt abib yod
ft ,settel any “0 ,BROD Birey ho droge B: elotsg yar
€f ,fose egoh ows Dear & dab abe ee BS gob 9n0
ct bas does enob thet hoem 3: ines 8
oh to tsdeur epeteve SAT. | qmas ah pop 10 -8¥ET
Jisq Yoo SBOD vo tiy Nitaen TO" Sah YsLeq 3A LeUes
iduis esw bedrogey Yiteq weg arson ‘LO SCM OSS SVS: Sa Je
; i'yaq t9q ated OO to eaetove 08 BBW Bete Vo
ttoe1a ent ot Suh Be ev ert: ad aw ,.Sohere Vtib “eit? =
lw . VED=9 ito7oO'l8tO00" BB AE ones ct copay ol anivengteokil
to feegninanxom" tet line? Sead unk atedcud gio oven:
tod a yab of9 dol cednioo a Baton Monee 9bn
| an
: wks e.¢ ; wn i cfd
‘NEON WO ois | Se: Litt Dae bey. sod st
he a Rhee ee Ad keoen eT saminamesoonnne yst oe Ee ON cst iter
ts antdosdo oft 35 Howee Siow wow and: fies 99% Oy of ae
ite yedderw So bret va wletiane) bo Heo: IwAYy od Jew Bite "*
> afd? ro? salt tuo bod? evel OW LV boviora Saw fom
ox seo yods onrbted Levaeag TOU BW otlOe oved -€L to IuO4
(ow noessa ofd Ll yeeeeodeh- ab noidsmacint’ eid? sqme
igaom end AE sadek toad toe aqetiog 10 DB
Hi me
Oar
Res Special Moose-Deer Licences
A Gotal of 127 licences were sold in this district, In
addition 14 hunters who had bought their licences elsewhere hunted
Memunts district for a grand total of 141 "moose hunters”. Returns
amounted to 115 or 81% and the reported kill was 40 moose (18 bulls
13 cows and nine calves) and 19 deer (10 bucks, five does and five
fawns) for a hunter success of 51.3%. There were 56 unsuccessful
hunters (48.7%). The most disappointing feature of the moose survey
we conducted was that only 10 sets of lower jaws (out of 40) and two
sets of reproductive tracts from cow moose (out of 13) were turned in.
Bear Facts
Hunt camp parties numbering 19 reported killing 31 bears of
which six were male adults, nine female adults, 11 male cubs and five
were female cubs.
The Winter of 1956-57 and Deer
Some preliminary field work was started this winter in a
census of our deer herd. In late January and early February we
covered the district by aircraft for the aerial survey of deer and
moose populations and distributions. Later a follow-up was done on
the ground using the pellet-group census technique. This involves
counting the number of deer dropping groups that can be found on
plots as we walk along measured strips in the bush. From this we can
compute the number of deer in a chosen area if we know the period of
time, say the number of days after a heavy snowfall.
As far as snow conditions are concerned we had a very mild
winter. The highest standing snow depth reported was 21 inches in the
Stonecliffe area in mid-February. Other snow stations run by the
Department in this district reported an average of 15 inches as the
deepest snows in mid-January. These low standing depths of snow and
the absence of any serious crust conditions certainly would not impede
deer in their movements.
With the passage of time we will be concentrating more of
our efforts on the field work aspects of deer investigation. The
facts we dig up, we hope, will aid us in deer management and thus
ensure “good deer hunting" for you every fall.
How to Age Deer
Many hunters whom we have interviewed in the field, at the
checking stations or at their camps have expressed an interest in the
techniques used in determining the age of deer by the teeth of the
lower jaws. (Editor's note - a series of diagrams were included in
the original paper). First, you have to recognize that certain
changes occur in deer dentition with increasing age just as in human
beings. Until deer reach the age of 14 years fer: months) or so the
number of teeth present and the replacement of the "milk" premolars
Yoviwe
M
put
wi
te
rm
ae Re
.doirdetb elo at
(Oyk
i
tes coat secon"
oegom Of BW. tibet
Ss esobd ¢ avi fh
UB FIL! oe stow
secon sd ‘lo -2* rade at ‘ty ates or lus. § on
to tuo) mbes:
gw tel to sped
y
iniflin bedaroget: OL patiddinen ae
ersed LE gnii {I
vit bane eduo salen LI eo Lybs. ‘ei ane ound st 430i
oo re
e ot te¢niw eid? bedrede sew wow Deeks visatmi fest
1 vrewided vines Bins TLL etel al . .baod, tem
f rseb ‘to yevwe Leitos end so2/ Oiet on t6 NG fobrses
oO snob Baw qu-wollh? 6: sede -gepoktudisserh brs aioe
seviovak etcT’ .supimiood euenee quotaatet ge oft gag
1o bavet ed neo stadt equota Bm eqqoth 49D 10 10 ae
) stds morte? «deed odd Ah eee berivassm Sa08e ALe
LO (eq od won ew TEL nome meme, eo ib) ‘to.1eda
| ieatwone vveenh & Berke are to vo Amare
% +) aa
! i A ert <a
bit pe bed ow hentsonds, ote Bhotatbhnoo one SB Tear
j dont £S esw bedtoqed witqeb wees antbnade Jeeta kn
3 wd os site TONG. a AS ee de'in bie nf 68
att, Be Born vve ve betmodes. do tiell eae
bns #woge 10 ie (Ol gaentt ~ yrsurisleb Sim oie
€ son Diu NE Cn dais evoliee Yona lee
-2dnomevom
rom anitexdtiheanoo: od LiLiw eh Gite ie om HERBY: -ethk az.
AT ofteatseevak theb Yo ‘etoeqes anow blot “ott AO
odd 6 rronesensm seer wt Bo Dee fi iw econ (Oe ae
Lie yaewen Boe stot, pLkgaue . —e
iz Efett edd at bewolwuedtith) aya ow ectie
: i ne beawe Tees” ONUNT RamnnS: ap
‘ + mis 4 sf As é aie” & «
tt bobuio y ib In) bie
etros dadtd esinataes op att
qemu af @ mur eRe BLeeotne ky
P oO Lecormol , ae ) RENE a a ed | 93 we
es a “ALin” edd to: deme s ees
= OS is
are the guides used in aging. Once the "milk" teeth have been replaced
by the permanent premolars at about 18 months, there is no more
replacement taking place. From then the amount of wear as reflected
by the relative widths of the whitish enamel to the brownish dentine
is the key used in age-reading. It is rather difficult to state simply
the innumerable subtle changes that occur in wear pattern from 23 years
(30 months) on, but in general principle if the teeth are sharp and
shows lots of white, the animal is younger than that whose teeth are
flattened from grinding and hence show lots of brown.
Do You Know
- That within the U. S. and Canada white-tailed deer inhabit
1,500,000 square miles of range and number about 6,500,000 animals?
- That doe fawns may breed their first year? Where deer
were getting all they wanted to eat as high as 35% of the fawns born
in the spring were breeding in the late fall.
= That the rate of reproduction in a deer herd is affected
by food conditions? Does living in a range where food conditions were
good were producing nearly twice as many fawns as were does living
where food conditions were poor.
- That availability of food rather than disease, poachers,
parasites or predatory animals is the factor limiting the size of our
deer herd?
- That antler size and formation is a reflection of nutri-
tion and condition of bucks and not of age? We have checked yearling
bucks with forked horns and older bucks with only “spike” horns.
About Hunter Safety
Do you know why many of us are scared of becoming deer hunter
casualties? We are scared because we do not know why we have such
accidents and it is only human to be frightened of something that is
not understood.
One good tip for the hunter - wear RED - scarlet - not the
black and red plaid. The latter, especially when faded, looks black
and bear=like when seen at a distance. Better still, wear some of
that fire orange or neon red material that is available now. It is
almost four times brighter than scarlet in bright light and the
difference increases as the light fades.
Gun accidents, particularly deer hunting accidents, seem to
be a little more spectacular than most forms of sudden death. We
become calloused to the ordinary, such as vehicle accidents or drown-
ings, which we read about every day.
The greatest single cause of deer hunting gun accidents is
the hunter himself or a member of his own party - an accidental dis-
charge at point-blank range, cleaning or unloading rifle, horseplay
or stumbling and falling. All of us have read the 10 Commandments of
1 Cay
“eros on ie ered oe ‘col
betooltet te thew Io) J et
gnilcnsd dekiwosd and’ oe rte
[quite evete ot PigoLtTsD
erasy £3 mort oveddsq seen Re’
bae yisda Sts daged ads: bi
o1s iteot egorw dsid aadt 2 ei.
daword ‘Lo edo£ wore
tideduit tesb, bolindeadidw AbarwO He 4 26 u ord Prey ars
tefeamins 909,002 ,.d twods “velit bis, ognet To. aeolian 99
~gseb ovedt - Sapey dene qtedd beaud ven erwey 20b ger]
‘ eowst oft to Me as ayia ea dee of bovnew. vodd Tis
Lilet ad sf enka, wz gutbeord Stew,
pedostis at bied teeb 8 ak moldoubowqes to etext eid
tow enoisthbnod hool arsiw esnet se at gaivtl good Leno.
itvif esob exew en srivst vinshoer so pws: vixeen aniks
i «3009 ortow enotath
erotosog ,seseetbh nedd rahthy Boot: ‘to ‘ti edd |
yuo to ssie art? qake bnek f ~OdoRT Bett: et elentns vrodebs®
Etoolton 8) ak so bte en ide erie to ateake Je
att aay TO y he 1%
1ifassy bedoeds oven oW Togs “io gon bee aifoud to woke
ensod “ootaoa® wine coe wt etoud I ra bto. br a hada bes itod.
fer Ny tre ia
borsoa ete ax to yom yeh wom yo"
dove oved ot vot tom ob ew caimnood Detkoe STa S
tedd aotiitemoe to hone dig iy? ied od ara ty eee | yiao ek at
is gon = tebraoe « on SRO ow MSR LT fot ats boos
sls erools sbet tiie tosgne rete aT sbheko
to omoe Tasv tlise renee sSORRIBLE 6 43 eee aed
i 0 Wi ideifeve ef godt Le tiotem bet moon’ ae by
a theif sdigked am) Toltsoe rand sodity tad: eomt
weobeal ddatl off eb cossotaal .
choos. atts nud Ave toy vive iyo tense: etnebieos
: ates Ne DL LO alent seem mene ow isqedooge. stom
xb to ethebloor elotaey) me AOOS ig CHEALING - and od)
eiab \ieve THOGH. beet
E aJnobroos mig BEIM "Ss tab: to oie} ‘otnate: ve se.1gerg | eit a
- [adnebtoon ab = tibia nwo: afta To sedmem se : TD. VToentis 3 to
fqee1078 oli lst ankieolow “EO” yatnpolo 4 SSAF aneid-tntoq
rombrnamao) Of echt beet evan gu To) da Lahiae bre.
265%
Firearm Safety, maybe so often that they sound trite. Read them
again?
However, if all this sounds too gloomy and you need reas-
suring see you insurance man. He probably will tell you that you are
a lot safer watching a run way on a frosty morning than you are
painting your house, driving to the movies or even having a nice quiet
game of golf?
(adapted from Mich. Cons.)
at cto ok in) 1 Oo 5 7
moat beef podiag — ort
-ace% boon wey bua. een Pre WOR
STE MOY tens voy Lies Iiltw bese da oon
ts voy asdt gatorom yasord B bed aut
o tuo ola e antved Aave 10 ad sia ‘snitvinh <28N0)
{(,.2n0% .doiM moxvt besanbe)
reef of ga bdo oH otse
eopy -~ 70 -
Pembroke, Ontario, April 9th, 1957.
Dear Sir:
We are sending you a copy of the 1956 deer hunting report
for the Pembroke Forest District. You will notice that special
emphasis has been placed in putting out a more informative report
so that you will have a better understanding of the problems we
encounter in deer management. We hope that after you have read the
report you will pass it along to the rest of your hunt camp members.
Along with sending you this report we would like to voice
our appreciation for the splendid cooperation shown by most hunt
camp parties. It goes without saying that without your encouraging
support it would not have been possible to complete this report.
When the 1957 deer season rolls around we shall be appealing
to you again for information on the hunt. We trust that at that
time we will get the same high degree of cooperation and help which
you have given us in the past.
Yours very truly,
DNs Omandy,
K.K. Irizawa/SS District Forester.
eV2OL ,f70 [faqéA ,ofresa0 .oxordney
‘roqet anisaud tosh BeGL sot to tqo8 £ uOy ackbuse ¢
fooqe sendt sukdon ILiwiwo¥ .dottdekd Jeer08 sae
[Ssmtotas er0om 8 200 Bini sIIuG 5 a bsozelg fi99
ems{do1g.sdit to sntbsesete or setved B even
t sved voy testis dant sgol ek .Jmoseusiem Fa 9b
qnes gnud tuoy to Jaen ont ee gnols at euBq Li kw a
otov of eATl blirow cw daoget efos vey arthase dtke gm
tim Jeom yd wore wot serteqoop blinofae sis vol Sots.
troone wo0y Jhodtiw tele amtives suoisiw geog ar. .<89]
Jroget elds odslquon ot eldieeog fesd evan Jom bLscow
nifssqaa ed ILede aw bawote allen nOeabe teeb TeCL Saam
tedy Je gedd tsund eW want ond no Rorccamio ine 197
itcdw aqisd bre ttéeysqeoo to sengob tafd emes eid Jae ar
.Jasq oft af ey nSvae
eViors Yrov etiuor
« By tam li ¢ G y
etateote® gofrtetd
-~ 7l-
THE 1956 DEER SEASON IN PEMBROKE DISTRICT
by
KK, Irazawa
The 1956 deer season in the Pembroke District was from
November 12th to 24th inclusive, excepting Sunday, the 18th. As in
past years, information on the hunt was collected at the highway
checking stations, through hunt camp report forms and on field checks
of hunters and camps.
I Checking Stations
About 49% of the data shown in this section was obtained
at the Arnprior station. The rest came from stations in adjoining
districts in the following approximate proportions: Burleigh Falls
- 29%: Gravenhurst - 14%: and Millbridge-Kaladar - 8%. One card from
the Union Creek Station (Lindsay) was grouped with Burleigh Falls
and one from North Bay was grouped with Gravenhurst. In the summaries
following, the data from Millbridge and Kaladar, both in the Tweed
District, are combined and listed under Millbridge.
The composite summary of hunter success and effort-per-deer
for this district is shown below.
Number of deer checked - 381
Number of hunters checked - 1,137
Total days of hunting = 46,343
Hunter success percentage - 336)
Hunter-days per deer - 16.6
A breakdown of these data by checking stations is presented
below. The percentage of the total of deer, hunters and days are
listed in parentheses.
Suation Deer Hunters Days Success Effort
Arnprior ToL Bho) Ve Cheer ue 3260 (51.4) B2.7 18.0
Burleigh LOG (2758) 3h 2062) i/o (27.8) 30.9 V6)s6
Gravenhurst 70: '(1s 1.) 133. (ab) HOS Veit i.) 52.6 10.3
Millbridge Au O65) MOT Ok) 597 ( 9.4) Zeal 24.9
TOTALS 381 orgie fi 6343 3565 16,6
Each station where deer and hunters from this district are
checked is unique inasmuch as the origin and destination of the
hunters is concerned. At Arnprior hunters from Ottawa and the lower
Ottawa valley and St. Lawrence valley towns are checked. They have
hunted chiefly in our deer management units I, II and IV. (For a
description of these units the reader is directed to pp. 2-3 of the
August 1955 Fish and Wildlife Management Report. Alice Township
formerly in unit IV has been placed in unit III this year.) At
man t
ca
:
,
as
sort eaw toate pd adareuel edd ot noessa eee
.128L odd .yebnw? gattqeaxe ,evieulon&’ dgdS of ms
fatd sdt te bee beng taud. edd oo nok temtotae |
st? no Bas ano? st6¢q 1 geiko’ gu dgyontd .anoks,
ntstdo enw solvesa etdt at swode sieb ofa To qe aioe
toi bse at anofisde mort smso. dasa Sait t 10ttste * * ¢
inioligé senok inogortg: adshixorgqs sdiwollfol sr
igkeLawé Addy he query esw (YAE “pntd) qoksese
vr na“ ae ns er = od ) an *
JtOlis Dit S&esonus tegaun 10 "a
a |
or a
rab -DAe stedo cad eee to a esos pee to SySTNSST
. 7
letb ett mort eredewd bas teeb stew nolkyads ome
(.veay etdd Ill stow ak boomlg seed eat VI Git eee
‘ToraTera avgaawed AT rozase 9
‘wally * i i
deer Tt
cl . equags . 18
not tase
‘
am +h = web Fedeergh tered £ LEM bie past » be 4
oft al: .~deaprineven) atiw boquois esw ved Astou
is «A riszod , wboaLad bas egbt rol t i mort eta ¢€ %
sonbind{ lim vebau bedetl bas beatdaed ae
amuse stieogaod Saba
ed swore ef goLt eth,
[SE ~ bownedo veoh te sadmul oT
TEL, [ « bedsoetd etotnunt Yo twdmat Te
FAG. SO « onidouwn to eyebh Lage.
\
eek l - QRBdHAOT>G Beeooue Aotne
~ ‘ , y aie PR. ER ne
+O ~ yeob geq aysdeTtodnui
© nwobtsord
-BORns hay Bq f
{81
% (\,f2), O8S€ - 19.84) Ate, te
(S.0S) sve (S.08}) Ak (SeVSi cee
; (Aff) SSy (V.ff) EL . (kesh
Gee ® } wa CA.e } VOL. (f.0 ) AS
ay AES refi £5€
) notssnisesbh bas afyrao sad ec Aoumeent suptag :
bos ews770 mort execsiut softaniaA oA bent99noey Bi
r bsxosid oxB BNWwOU ¥e i fav eoranwad 30 bas yollay
« i Dif 7 | ; Feet a 4 i ie "> iTF eae $ BS sash %UO at yitel bya
-S .aq of botoorth ef ache omy eskne seodt to moky
otfk ,otoqed Inemonedat stk ibLiw bas dett Cc@ie
ae
Gravenhurst, hunters headed for the Toronto - Southwestern Ontario
areas have hunted in Units I, V and VI. At Burleigh Falls, hunters
bound for the Toronto = Western Lake Ontario region have hunted in
units IV, and V and VI. At Millbridge and Kaladar the hunters
checked are from the Eastern Lake Ontario - Bay of Quinte and lower
Trent valley towns and their hunting was confined mainly to units
mv, v and VI.
In addition to hunter-success and effort data, data on
age and sex of deer, premolar condition of yearling animals and
lactation in adult does were collected at the stations. Owing to the
difficulty in attempting to age frozen animals on the second week-end,
the numbers of unaged adults is quite high when compared with those of
boo or 1955.
Age-Class Distribution
Total Deer Checked Percentage of Deer Checked
Agel bucks. - 177 Adult bucks - 46.4%
Hautes does . = 105 Adwlt dees) = 27.0%
Topal fawns - 99 total fawns = 26.0%
Percentages of Adult Deer in Bach Age-Class
isle! ic ae Un Be Combaned
Ages Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
13 53 L605 745) Boece 76 TEARS
26 25 Bve®) 16 Zoe ral Dealt
36 19 Ge7, ae 15.9 30 16.4
he 1 9.6 iipk ISAS) Be L260
23 5 Lek 3 Lod 8 Lek
63 1 0.9 2 29 3 1.6
73 - ~ il les i 0.5
7s + - - 2 29 2 ak
TOTAL JW 100.0 69 1LOO.0 183 LOOEO
UNAGED 63 3510 36 Bh 99 3543
GRAND TOTAL 77 100.0 105 100.0 282 100.0
Average age of adult bucks - 2.56 years
Average age of adult does - 3.14 years
Average age of all adults - 2.78 years
This year, hunters interviewed at the stations were classed
as either “Organized" or "Casual". The former includes organized
camp hunters and guided hunters, the latter consists of hunters
who hunt on varying roadsides and locales from day to day.
irvesia0 ovodnewityoe « asnnne® odd. 201
ere dna Ofte dgtofiwl SA,
ni besnud ‘¢
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sved sokget oftesa0™ edad. ate te oY
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atari So ved = oftadad coded atedesa end sic
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she
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sate ent tn. botosffoo
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Jeb ¢1oTte bane gascoue-tstnud of noidtbbs at
efentos gaifvesy lo agtstibate selomeig .1eeb Io"
4 stew 690b diube
: S48 oF Riitquedas a
bs tngmod nodiw dats es Lup at adlubs begeny. 20.
ane LoubA
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fadotT
ees lonead Homd of ge of as
ao ares 28S J > ore ok ws Oe ol oo
fnooted aodmuli «6gneoxst sedmai
rE a 3 fs OG ee
StS oD e.LS es
vets Ii VeO! ef
e.e@f tS i Bek If
\ is é P| * P| @
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OL Or 0 .0O0L dif
Ag ae O.2E td>
1,00 COL O,00L VTL
32.8.6 edoud tiube to on6 onetova
tesy Al.& « esob tivubs to 538 SSBTSVA
BY +S = a3 iube Iie to e388 s3e707A
ts bowsivrodnt esednud <aey ekare
smrot off ."Lsyesl" a0 “bos tnegiO™ a
9 todieL odd ,et9dauil bobbing Das jee
ri io1tt gelnool bak evbiebaor- an iyiev a0
a4 a ~~
TSS
Success and Effort by Units and Categories
Unit Category Deer Hunters Days Success Hi tort
I Organized 70 178 72 13 67% N68?
Casual 13 65 34.2 20.0% 26.3
aE Organized 77 57 970 49.0% 12,6
Casual a Pa) 198 2h oL% 18.0
ry Organized 5 23 108 Pe Zi 20
Casual 2 20 72 10.0% 36.0
IV Organized 36 80 391 45.0% 109
Casual 7 39 27 17.9% 1S gl
V Organized 55 5 923 35.0% 116.8
Casual 3 V7 358 16.9% 2s
VI Organized 87 24,3 1418 35.8% 16.3
Casual 5 of) 264, 9.4% 5226
Summary by Categories
Organized 330 838 L982 39.4% Gel
Casual 51 299 1361 Gs 260-7
Percentages of Deer, Hunter and Days by Category
Category Percent Deer Percent Hunters Percent Days
Organized 86.6 EPO 4A)
Casual 13.4 26.3 PAS)
Summary by Units
Total. Total Total Hunter Hunter
Unit Deer Hunters Days Success Effort
a 83 243 m5 1), 34.2% 1662.
ri 88 202 1168 43.6% WB Ae!
EO i 4,3 180 16.3% 25.
IV 13 119 518 36.1% 2.0
V 68 23h 1281 29.1% 18.8
VI 92 296 1682 Bia 18.3
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Condition of Premolars in Yearlings
Special attention was paid to the condition of premolar
replacement in 13 year old animals. Those with the milk teeth shed
completely or in the process of shedding with perhaps P3 and Ph
shed and P2 still intact were classed as shed. Those with all the
milk teeth intact were classed as unshed. In the sample 34 animals
had milk teeth shed, 34 had the teeth unshed and nine animals were
unchecked for a total of 77 yearling animals.
Condition of Lactation in Adult Does
Udders on adult does were slit and examined to see if the
does were milking (wet) or dry. This gives an indication of the
reproduction in the deer herd. On the second weekend particularly,
some difficulty was encountered in checking for lactation owing
GO the frozen condition of the animals. A total of 105 does were
examined in the following proportions.
Milking (wet) - 363 Dry = 323 Unchecked - 37.
Land ~ Water Route to Camps
Every party interviewed was asked whether they travelled
by land only or by water as well to get to their camps. This would
have a bearing on the open season especially if the season was
extended for a week or two or if it was set back into December.
The summary is as follows.
By Land By Water
No. of Parties Le 35
No. of Hunters 102L alas
Average No. hunters per land party - 2.38
Average No. hunters per water party - 3.23
Ratio - water: land partics - 1.03 12.3
Ratio = water: land hunters - 1.03 9.1
Weather Record
Weather reports from Cormac, Round Lake, Whitney, Stone-
cliffe and Pembroke were kept during the season. Average conditions
throughout the district for the two weeks may be summarized by
stating that the first week was mild, and wet, snow falling on
Tuesday and rain on Thursday and Friday: the second week was still
mild and wet at the beginning but became colder towards the end
with snow flurries on Thursday and Friday. Detailed reports on
snow and ground conditions have been sent in to Maple.
II Hunt Camps
A substantial increase in hunt camps data this year
resulted from extensive field work during the hunt and from concerted
efforts by the staff at the Arnprior checking station to seek the
identity of established hunt camps hitherto unknown. In all, 179
+ * c
berte 3 auto
oa or
| one ec 4
ay J Tjtiw oe ‘ONT.
) - ¢
BJ re i
4 " rts ©
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2 . 77)
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iff Off
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sso des09 od bad Ae qbede 300d af
arate
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meged gud satnatned ¢ 219 te dow |
rebtt Des yaberwodT oo sobre
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A = i} 7
tons isl eyes
china ar oe stow tossak :
yoifieey VY te Lsdod & |
eso tiwhs mt nottasse. So
bie title ovew aeoh tichs ao sasha
is covig eka? yb to (tow) -yibolL fie
bs B ens nO re tanv\ tosh dt mf ne ej
? gutisedo it hotedavogas Bow? Ve,
sf pest; ‘ya ad Fo 1 nolo ibis: os
® ernoks LOGO TG 2 nniwories ont :
2S€ = yal :0€ = (samy
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it guttvb dqseh. stew ellowdaed
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so soltqwiA ont ts Tete odd vd 8
tnuod bedeifdates to ou
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ST ae
hunt camp report forms were sent or handed out to the parties this
meme cr. 195) = 107 amd 1955 = 103).° Prior to January 7, 1957
when a reminder was sent out, 87 returns were made. Following
the reminder another 68 returns were received for a total of 155
(86.6%). This compares favorably with 1954 - 82.2% and 1955 -
85.4%. Of the 155 returns made, 14 indicated that their camps were
not in use for a variety of reasons leaving 141 whose information
1S used in this section.
Of the 179 hunt camp parties contacted 101 were operating
with a land use permit on crown land. The remainder were either
patented land camps or parties hunting from private summer cottages
and farm houses.
summary of Success and Effort
Number OL deer reported coe ee CC OOOO oO eC DO oe OOO Be OOO MeO OO MeO eo 60h
Dee emo Uti CieSielcebcsiueceoecoeco act oescescecccees LIZ]
Teta days of hunting eo@ecoeaodvocecvceaevgveaovnoeevecvcgceen0env0e0e2c0eo0e2000 8908689 7OLO
HUI QUCCESS PCYCENLAGS ceeccdecccvcccsvcevcceseesroseces D3 oly
Hunter days per deer @oeoevo0oec0 coc ecocoeooeodcescoeeceseeeegeeeceeseaoacsegese ga TAS
In addition to the deer reported above six moose were
reported killed. If these moose are added to the deer to total
610 animals, then the success and effort may be revised to 53.9% and
11.5 man days. IJ1f the weight differential and licence cost dif-
ferential between moose and deer is taken into consideration it
may be justifiable to conclude that a moose is worth five deer.
Upon pursuing this reasoning and adding 30 moose to 604 deer the
success and effort would be "improved" to read 56.1% and 11.1
hunter-days respectively.
The six moose killed consisted of two bulls, two cows
and a male and female calf each. Two of these were killed in Airy
Township and one each in Cameron, Wylie, Dickens, and Sabine .Town-
ships.
A total of 19 parties reported killing 31 bears. These
consisted of six adult males (19.42) , mine adult females (29.07%),
Peete cubs (35.5%) and five female cubs (16.1%).
ouccess and Effort by Units
Unit Deer Hunters Days Success Effort
r 113 259 1767 43.6% 15.6
It 194 289 1878 67.1% Oo7
OTT 5 1b 70 33.3% 14.0
IV 115 22h 19°72 51.3% 10,2
V 9h 163 1064 STD Aes
VI 83 181 1059 45.9% 12.8
TOTAL 604 TS 7010 53.4% TA 6
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at
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tatd Basen eberk. “10 woken ere :
i+
SLOW LAD) mi wogd et patie : ty! RAEN ae oop al
eholtoga,
(OL bevssndros. eo ton AGRE: gem 3m: dual OFL ont
netoigmem ent: . saat wore ty, ores sq eeu’ f
EVI Moe? wiktond eedonee 20 wh
a * ee Pe eee eo & 1) Serra
*eaovetee#e oom on 8. 2 © ee ee BL Re eRe ents, decict ‘to
oe SHO ek Oe ee we Ow ele WR ee eee aiid sae %e
ROD AO MR PaO Bey 8 we Om we +d eae: BAe eae ts
rs Pe 8 OR DO Ce oh hw wy ae Ae. eee oh ee a "It
; sekey
(fe AaK: OD - re)
Tao! ROOM: Sects a”
4p aeeanie esto ines Sag :
ib G4 a few ont Be hi,
OLetaw x MG ODE Bop Speh ae ny Si aes
flisow BE epoomow cod dace: ie SOD OF
Od o¢ eBoOem Ox CHD. DER ‘igiid! eidd 3
68. &1.02 bees od: thotarinte neil riot
SL LLG... 2% Pts oehoO
tx serot ey ERY
bas: _e SO ae 2
theme au OE:
[ 1 4 ; soba vine ne
ie avid Bas (es oe mi
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Age Class Distribution
Total Deer Reported
Adult bucks - 277
Adult does = 174
Total fawns = 153
Percentage of Deer Reported
Adult bucks - 45.9%
Mutt does = 28,8%
Tobal fawns = 25.3%
The ages obtained of hunt camp deer will be found in
section III,
Temporal Distribution of Hunt Camp Deer Kills
No. Of NOm Of New of Percent of Percent of
Mase Hunters Parties Deer foveal Kilt Hunter Suceess
2 Nov. 943 133 163 Aun 1/5
ish Nev: 900 125 107 ie 7 19
14 Nov. 87h 23 gl LS 9.3
Peco. 758 oe 5)5) 8 IAS
16 Nov. 798 a2 L6 TENS SA)
i7 Nov. 750 1LO9 LO 8.1 6.5
TOTAL 5023 Q13 481 1986 Dele
19 Nov. 392 66 3h SAIS Saw
20 Nov. BZ 61 23 Sa) Oe
2 Nov. 292 55 3 Rak heS
22 Nov. 323 58 19 Seal 59
23 Nov. 318 58 ay 208 Died
24 Nove 290 52 7 268 569
TOTAL 1987 550 23 ZOE 36.5
The pattern of temporal distribution of kill conforms to
the general pattern throughout the Province. The importance that
weather plays in determining the size of the kill is reflected in
the data for Thursday, November 15, when rain was responsible for
the low kill and success. By expanding on the deer kill in the
temporal distribution table it was possible to determine the
temporal distribution of the deer kill composition which is shown
below.
Temporal Distribution of Deer Kill Composition
Bucks Does Fawns
Date Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
12 Nov. 81 49.7 39 BOS) 13 ZO
13 Nov. L9 4508 34 es 2k 22 0h
14 Nov. Al 50.6 20 Zhe? ZO 2he7
15 Nov. 18 51.4 at 20.0 10 28.6
16 Nov. 20 43.5 Ll 312.0 alm 2539
17 Nov. 18 36.7 1 30.26 IRS Giet
TOTAL Ber AT oe 130 2700 12h 25a
7 ~y ="
RO .¢ = Bloud
°S.89 =» Baad
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Bucks Does es he es
Date Number Percent Number Eercent Number” Percent.
19 Nov. 20 Dowe Tul Dew 3 8.8
20 Nov. 9 o7eL 9g D9aL 5 Zas 7
21 Nov. r Vol 7 52.8 D ISO)
22 Nov. 9 K7 oh 3 dsb ts) q 36.8
23 Nov. D 29.4 8 L7 el L We)
24, Nov. 6 3503 6 3563 5 294
TOTAL 50 40.7 hh o3.6 29 23.0
GRAND TOTAL 277 hed 174 28.8 LD 2503
Although there is inconclusive evidence in the table to
show clear-cut patterns, there is a suggestion that the buck composi-
tion decreases and the doe composition increases between the first
and second week. The fawn composition is relatively unaltered
between the two weeks.
Average Size of Hunt Camp Parties by Days
First Week Mon. Fues. Wed. Te Ss. | CR Oat. Total
No. Hunters 94,3 900 87h 758 798 750 5023
No. Parties 133 15 23 ek a2 109 TAS
Average size he fica 7 gill 6.8 ‘Lek 6.9 (20
second Week
No. Hunters 392 Be 292 323 318 290 1987
No. parties 66 61 55 58 58 52 350
Average size 59 Get ne Bris 565 io Daf.
The totals for the two week period were 7010 hunters,
1063 parties and an average party size of 6.6 hunters. This figure
does not indicate the true average size of the party but merely the
average party size of hunters out each day. The true figure may be
arrived at by dividing the total numbers of hunters listed on the
hunt camp return forms by the number of returns. In this case the
hunters total 1131 and returns 141 hence the average size would be
8.0 hunters per party. The discrepancy between 8.0 hunters and
6.6 hunters is likely due to the fact that some camps designate
one licencee as cook-for-the-day or other camps have hunters with
that familiar “morning sickness" which renders them “hors de combat"
for the day's hunt.
III Field Checks
The data in this section are results of field work done
by the biologist and conservation officers and include district
road checks, age studies and a brief summary of the Camp Petawawa
military area hunting.
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Orange Road Check
On opening day, between 3.30 and 5.30 pem., 124 hunters
with eight deer were checked at Duke's Crossing on Orange Road which
taps the civilian hunting zone on the military area. The hunter
success and effort-per-deer of this group of casual hunters was
6.5% and 15.5 hunter-days, respectively. When these are compared
with the hunt camp hunters’ opening day figures of lie 3% and 15.6
hunter-days there is certainly conclusive evidence of the higher
success enjoyed by organized hunters. The ages of these deer will
be found elsewhere in this section.
Camp Petawawa Forms
Survey forms were prepared and distributed by the camp
authorities to each casual hunter who registered to hunt on the
military area. The return address on these forms was that of the
Department of Lands and Forests at Pembroke. Our experience with
this type of form last year was very discouraging, hence it was
surprising to see that the Camp authorities had gone along with the
forms again this year without consulting the Department. Our
skepticism was borne out when only 52 forms were returned of the
1000 or so distributed. The return of 5.2% (cf. 4.7% in 1955) does
not warrant continuing the use of these forms.
There was a tendency of the successful hunters replying
for 29 (58.8%) of the respondents were successful and 23 not success-
ful. The age-class distribution shows 16 adult bucks (55.2%),
eight adult does (27.6%) and five fawns (17.2%). The effort was very
low = 217 hunter-days for 29 deer or 7.5 hunter-days per deer.
Temporal distribution of the kill was not calculated for such a
small sample but it was noted that 23 deer were killed in the first
week and six in the second.
Age Studies
A total of 191 deer ages were obtained from deer checked
in the field and from deer jaws turned in by local hunters and by
the local frigid locker establishment. Several sets of jaws were
voluntarily mailed in by hunt camp hunters who had gone out on a
week day and had not been checked at a checking station.
Age-Class Distribution
Total number checked: Adult bucks - 103 (53.9)
(Percentages in parentheses) Adult.does’ = 58 (30.4)
Hetaliatawnsie »32)) (15.7)
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Percentages of Adult Deer in Bach Age-Class
Bucks Does Combined
Ages Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
13 3h 13.16 12 25.0 16 36.5
2 Oe 26.9 9 Ss 30 23 ats}
38 12 eS yeast 10 20.8 22 ile)
he 3} 3.8 fe) 18.8 Ae OTS)
22 5 aryh 2 Lee fi 5.6
63 3 35 2 here: D EO)
73 - ~ L 8.3 L Bist
TOTAL 78 99.9 L8 LOO G1 126 HOO ea:
Unaged 25 PATS) 10 Tee 39 Pala]:
GRAND TOTAL 103 100.0 58 VOO'sO Vou 100/50
Average age of adult bucks ~ 2.64 years
Average age of adult does - 3.54 years
Average age of all adults - 2,98 years
Comparison of these average age figures with those in
Section I show the same general pattern without any significant
difference.
Since little information on premolar condition in yearlings
and lactation condition in adult does was collected in the field,
comparative analysis with similar information in Section I was not
feasible.
IV Comparisons, Discussion and Recommendations
Checking Stations
The data for the years 1954-56 show a decline in 1956 of
success and increase in effort but not sufficiently so to worry
about.
Neere Hunters Days success Hf fort
1954 £95 Shh AWZh BE OY 15.0
at ys) 394 LOO4 5720 39.2% 14.5
1956 381 ilies ly, 6343 33.5% 16.6
The age-class distribution over the same period has
remained fairly constant.
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1954 40.7% 31.2% 27 8% (plus 0.3% unknown)
1955 42.1% 31.5% 26.4% |
1956 L6.4% 27.0% 26.0%
When the percentages of adult deer in each age-class for
the last three years were plotted on semi-logarithmic paper a good
straight line relationship without any severe departure points
was noted. The slopes of these lines have been remarkably consistent
suggesting a well balanced herd.
An analysis of the hunting summaries by the unit system
indicates again that Unit II is the best area from the stand point
of success and effort. A notable exception in 1956 was the resur-
gence of Unit IV as one of the better areas. Formerly Unit V
enjoyed the runner-up position behind perennial leader Unit II.
Hunt Camps
A Comparison of success and effort for the past three
years Sale a consistency in spite of the greatly increased sample
an 950.
Deer Hunters Days Success Hite owt
1954 376 607 3977 61.9% Oe:
£955 374 646 LLOY 57.9% 12.0
1956 604 iWiesws 7010 53.4% 1.6
The success and effort for 1956 would be enhanced and
brought up to the standard of the other two years if as suggested
in section II the figures are revised to include moose as follows:
(a) addition of six moose - 53.9% and 11.5 days
(6b) addition of 30 moose = 56.1% and 11.1 days (weighted version)
Hunt camp success and effort figures on the unit system
basis corroborate the checking station figures for the three years.
Unit II remains the best area and Unit V the second best, a position
formerly held by Unit I in both 1954 and 1955.
The age-class distribution of hunt camp deer, with the
exception of 1953 and 1954 when doubtful returns were made conform
to the established pattern shown annually in the checking station
data and in the 1955 hunt camp data.
Adult Bucks Adult Does Fawns
1953 53.0% 33.0% 13.9%
1954 51.6% 30.6% 17.8%
1955 147.6% 27.5% 21.9%
1956 45.9% 28.8% 253%
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Recommendations
As usual, some hunters in the field, at the checking
station and through the medium of survey forms and correspondence
gave freely of their opinions and recommendations on the deer
season, the deer populations, the congestion of hunters in certain
areas, the use of dogs, pro and con, and similar pertinent hunting
conditions. Generally speaking, hunters were quite satisfied with
the 1956 deer hunt.
Dogs continue to be one of the main focal points in deer
hunting controversy. The use or non-use of dogs as listed in the
141 hunt camp report forms received were tabulated. A total of 68
parties did not use dogs at all, 16 parties used one dog each, 17
parties used two dogs each, 13 parties used three dogs each, 19
parties used four dogs each and four parties used five or more dogs
each during the hunt for a grand total of 69 parties using an
average of 2./ dogs per party. The parties using five or more dogs
each had in addition to their regular complement of four dogs, an
average of two pups at camp for “breaking-in" or orientation purposes.
Finally, four parties did not signify whether they used dogs or not.
In conclusion, it is felt by this district that the deer
season could be extended for one week without any adverse effect
on the deer herd. Another recommendation is that the deer season
open yearly on the Monday before and including the 15th of November
for this area. This would mean that the opening would be set to
Open on the ninth at the earliest and 15th at the latest. If this
is adhered to, the following benefits may accrue?
(1) Officials of the Department of Lands and Forests at the
district level are besieged with queries from the public on
the dates of the forthcoming deer season from January on.
This is because many people have to declare their choice of
holiday time to their employers well in advance.
(2) Early openings with consequent warmer weather contribute to
deterioration of venison in the woods.
(3) There is better likelihood of ideal weather conditions for
hunting with a later start. This would undoubtedly result in
a larger harvest, a sound principle, management-wise.
(4) Bush road accessibility to hunt camps would be ideal under
frosty conditions. At the same time there would be insuffi-
cient freezing of the waterways to discourage those using
water routes.
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