Rhopalocera nihonica: a description of the butterflies of Japan

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Part III.] DECEMBER, 1880. [Price $4.

Mier ALOCERA NIHONICA:

AS DESCRIPTION, OF- THE

Peers OF JAPAN.

Pest Pals Viele ie:

YOKOHAMA:

PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ‘‘JAPAN MAIL:” PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR'S EXECUTORS.

MAR 20 1853

a IBEL
HV) ピーン 6
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OU22 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 2

84. Vanessa charonia, Drury. (PI. 7, fig. 4.)
Var. glauconia, Motsch.

Localities—Yokohama, Yezo.
Food plant—Smilax China, し .
Time of appearance—August.

Very common about Yokohama. This species is variable in the size and colour of its markings.

85. Meliteea phoebe, Schiff. (Pl. 7, fig. 5.)

Var. sibivica, Stder.
Var. etheria, Ev.
MM. scotosia, But.

Locality—Asamayama.

‘Time of appearance—July.

Varies greatly in size and coloration.

86. Melitea athalia, Rott. (PL 7, fig. 6.)

M. niphona, But.

Locality—Asamayama.
Time of appearance—July.

This species also varies much in size and coloration.

87. Melitea n. sp.? (PI. 7, fig. 7.)

Locality—Asamayama.
Time of appearance—August.

This may be only an extraordinary variety of AZ. athatlia.

As Mr. Elwes well remarks, the genus Melitaa is an extremely puzzling one, and requires an

immense series of specimens to illustrate it.

88. Atella phalanta, Drury. (Pl. 7, fig. 10.)

Locality—Sonogi, about 30 miles from Nagasaki.

Time of appearance—October.

The specimen figured was taken in 1880 by the Rev. W. Andrews. Mr. Hewitson’s catalogue includes

specimens from Calabar, Natal, Madagascar, and Mekian. The species is figured in the Rhopalocera

Malayana (PI. 9, fig. 4.)

28 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

89. Areynnis niohe, Linn, (PI. 7, fig. 8a, 8B.)

Localities—Yokohama, Nagasaki, Tosa, Hachijo.
Time of appearance—March to July.

Rare in the vicinity of Yokohama, but seems to be common in South Japan.
J

go. Areynnis daphne, Schiff. (PI. 7, fig. 9.)
A. vabdia, But.

Localities—Nikko, Asamayama, Yezo.
Time of appearance—July.

Varies greatly in size and coloration. It is common at Nikko and in Yezo.

gt. Argynnis aglaia, Linn, (PI. 7, fig. 11.)
A. fortuna, Janson.
Localities—Fujisan, Yezo.

Time of appearance—September.

This is not a common insect.

92. Argynnis adippe, Linn. (PI. 7, fig. 12.)
A. pallescens, But.
Localities—Yokohama, Fujisan, Oyama, Asamayama, Yezo, &c.

Common every where.

93. Argynnis nerippe, Feld, (Pl. 8, fig. 1-a, r-B.)

Localities—Oyama, Asamayama, Fujisan, Kanosan, Yezo.

Time of appearance—August.

Very abundant in the mountains.

94. Argynnis anadyomene, Feld. (PI. 8, fig. 2.)
A. ella, Brem.

Localities—Yokohama, Yezo.
Time of appearance—July, August.

Very common about Yokohama.

95. Argynnis sagana, Doubl. (PI. 8, fig. 3.)
A. paulina, Nordm.

Localities— Yokohama, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—July.

DS}

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 29

This species is common about Yokohama. The two sexes show a very remarkable differentiation in

coloration. The specimen figured is a male.

96. Argynnis paphia, Linn. (PI. 8, fig. 4.)
A. paphioides, But.

Localities—Oyama, Asamayama, Kanosan, Fujisan, Yezo.
Time of appearance—July, August.

This is a mountain species. I have taken it once, however, at Yokohama.

97. Argynnis laodice, Pall. (PI. 8, fig. 5.)
Var. japonica, Mén,.

Localities—Yokohama, Yezo.
Time of appearance—August.

Common about Yokohama.

98. Areynnis ruslana, Motsch. (PI. 8, fig. 6.)
6 A. lysippe, Janson.

Localities—Yokohama, Nikko, Yezo。
Time of appearance—September.

Mr. Elwes remarks that this species comes very near A. /aodice, Pall. It looks like a hybrid, but the

specimens in my possession are as yet too few to enable me to give a decided opinion on the subject.

Family DANAID.
99. Danais tytia, Gray. (PI. 8, fig. 9.)

Localities—Yokohama, Fujisan, Yamato, Oyama, Atami, Kanosan, Yezo.

-

Time of appearance— May, August, September.

This is scarce about Yokohama, but I generally see two or three every year. It is much more
abundant on the mountains, and I have taken as many as five specimens, at one sweep of the net, on the
2

summit of a mountain in Yamato, near Yoshino, on the path leading to O-mine San-jo-san.

30 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

Family SATYRIDE.

100. Melanitis ismene, Moore. (PI. 8, fig. 7.)

Locality—Yamato.
Time of appearance—October.

This is a very rare insect. I saw only two specimens in Yamato, both of which [ captured. They

were flying round the bole of a cryptomeria growiag on the mountain pass leading up to Odaisan.

101. Melanitis leda, Linn. (PI. 8, fig. 8.)
Localities—Tosa, Nikko (Mr. Maries).
Time of appearance—July, August.
Very rare. I have one specimen only, captured on the borders of Tosa and Iyo, in Shikoku. It was
fitting among the tall stems of the cultivated hemp, and was, in consequence, very difficult to capturesa |

saw only two specimens.

102. Melanitis n. sp. ?
Locality—Nagasaki.
I have only one specimen, received from Mr. Ota. My brother informs me that this comes nearest to

M. solandra from Tahiti. It would be exceedingly interesting could a large series be obtained.

103. yoalesis gotama, Moore. (PI. 9, fig. 1.)

Locality—Yokohama.

Time of appearance—

This is very common about Yokohama, where it frequents dark thickets.

104. Mycalesis perdiccas, Hew. (PI. 9, fig. 2.)

Locality—Yokohama.

‘Time of appearance—

Also very common, frequenting the same places as JZ. gotama, which it resembles in markings.

Both species appear at the same time.

105. Ypthima baldus, Fab. (Pl. y, fig. 3.)
Y. argus, But.

Localties—Yokohama, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—August.

One of the most abundant butterflies about Yokohama. I have two specimens very dark in the

underside from this locality.

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA., 31

106. Erebia sedakovii, Ev, (PI. 9, figs. 44, 4B.)

E. niphonica, Janson,
? E. scoparia, But.

Localities—Asamayama, Nikko, Yezo.

My Yezo specimen is £. scofaria, which appears to me probably only a local differentiation of the

above, although I have not seen a sufficient number of specimens of either to enable me to decide.

107. Satyrus dryas, Scop. (PI. 9, fig. 5.)
S. bipunctatus, Motsch.

Localities 一 Yokohama, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—August.

Very abundant about Yokohama flitting among the grass.

108. Pararge achine Scop, (FP. 9, fig. 6.)
P. achinoitdes, But.

Localities—Nikko, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—July, August.

Abundant at Nikko in June and July. The Yezo specimens are generally larger and lighter colored.

109. Pararge deidamia, Ev. (Pl. 9, fig. 7.)
の. ménétritésit, Brem,

Localities—Nikko, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—July, August.

Not uncommon at Nikko.

110. Pararge maackii, Brem. (PI. 9, fig. 8.)

Lasiommata marginalis, Motsch.

Localities—Yamato, Yezo, Tokyo (Fenton).

This is not a common insect.

111. Lasiommata epimenides, Men. (PI. 9, fig. 9.)
Neope fentont, But.

Localities—Yezo, Asamayama.
Time of appearance—July, August.

Very rare in Japan, but, according to Mr. Elwes, not uncommon in various parts of the Amoor region.

32 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

112. Lethe sicelis, Hew, (PI. 9, fig. 10.)

Localities— Yokohama, Asamayama.
Time of appearance—August.

Extremely abundant about Yokohama and everywhere in the plains, but does not go very far up the
mountains, where it is replaced by the next species. I have taken the Zarva, and believe it feeds on the

bamboo grass.

113. Lethe diana, But. (Pl. 9, fig. 12.)

Localities—Oyama, Yamato, Asamayama, Yezo.
Time of appearance—July, August,

Common in all the mountains. It is probably the mountain form of the last species.

114. Pronophila schrenkii, Men. (PI. ro, fig. 1.)

Localities—Yezo, Asamayama.

Time of appearance—August.

This fine insect is common in Yezo. Mr. Leech (P.Z.S. 1887, p. 426.) says "it flies in dense under-

wood, and is hence rather hard to take.”

115. Neope gaschkevitschii, en. (PI. 9, fig. 11.)

Localities—Yokohama, Oyama, Yamato, Asamayama, Yezo.

‘Time of appearance—April, August.

Very abundant about Yokohama, in Yamato, and elsewhere. The specimens from high up Oyama

are much darker than those taken about Yokohama.

116. Neope calipteris, But. (PI. ro, fig. 2.)

Localities—Oyama, Yamato, Yezo.

‘Time of appearance—August.

This is a mountain insect.

117. Ceononympha cedipus, Fab, (PI. 10, fig. 3.)

C. annulifer, But.

Locality—Asamayama.
Time of appearence—July, August.

Like the last, a mountain insect.

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. 33

Family HESPERIDA.

118. Tsmene benjamini, Guér. (Pl. 10, fig. 4.)
7. benjamint, var. gaponica, Murray.

Localities—Oyama, Nikko, Yamato.
Time of appearance—July ; Southern Japan, May (Mr. Leech.)

Common in the above localities.

119. Pythauria chryseglia, But. (PI. 10, fig. 5a, 58.)
Localities—Nikko, Asamayama, Yezo.

I have a long series of specimens from Yezo.

120. Daimio tethys, Murray, (PI. 10, fig. 6.)
Pyrgus tethys, Mén.
Localities—Yokohama, Yezo.

Abundant about Yokohama. I have a variety with the white spots in the forewing united, forming

a large V-shaped patch.

121. Pamphila mathias, Fab, (PI. ro, fig. 7.)

Locality 一 Yokohama.

Common about Yokohama ; also in Central and Southern Japan (Mr. Leech.)

122. Pamphila lamprospilus, Feld, (PI. 10, fig. 8.)

P. vitrea, Murray.
Isoteinon lamprospilus, Feld.

Locality—Yokohama, Tsuruga (Mr. Leech.)

Common in the vicinity of Yokohama.

123. Pamphila varia, Murray. (PI. 10, fig. 9.)

Localities—Yokohama, Yezo, Nagasaki, &c.

Common about Yokohama. Easily recognized by the dark veins on the underside of the hind-wings

(Mir: Leech).

34 RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.,

124. Pamphila puttata, Brem. and Grey, (PI. 10, fig. 10.)

Eudamus guttatus, Brem. and Grey.
Gonoloba guttata, Mén.

Localities— Yokohama, Yezo.

Common about Yokohama.

125. Pamphila pellucida, Murray. (PL to, fig. 11.)

Localities—Yokohama, Asamayama, Yezo.

Time of appearance—August.

Very common about Yokohama.

126. Pamphila jansonis, Bui, (PI. 10, fig. 12.)

Localities—Ikao.
Very closely allied to P. pellucida, the only difference of any importance being a conspicuous pale

spot near the base of the hind wing on the underside (Mr. Leech).

127. Hesperia sylvanus, Esp. (PI. 10, fig. 134, 138.)

Localities—Asamayama, Nikko, Fujisan, Yezo.

‘Time of appearance—August.
Mr. Elwes remarks that the forms of this species found in China, Japan, and Amurland are usually

larger than the European ones.

128. Hesperia comma, Linn. (PI. 10, fig. 144, 148.)

Locality—Asamayama.

‘Vime of appearance—July, August.

fea)
—

129. Hesperia leonina, But. (PI. 10, fig. 1

Localities—Nikko, Yezo.

‘Time of appearance—August.

Not uncommon at Nikko.

130. Hesperia rikuchina, But, (PI. 10, fig. 16a, 16.)

Localities—Nikio, Yezo, Asamayama.

Time of appearance—August.

Abundant at Nikko.

“Sn

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

131. Hesperia flava, Murray. (PI. 10, fig. 17.)

Localities—Yokohama.

‘Time of appearance—June, August.

Common about Yokohama.

132. Hesperia, Sp. 2? (PI. 10, fig. 18.)

Localities—Nikko, Asamayama.

Time of appearance—July.

133. Cyclopides ornatus, Brem. (Pl. 10, fig. 19.)

Localities—Oyama, Fujisan, Nikko.
) ’ J ,

Occurs also in Yezo (Mr. Leech).

134. Pyreus inachus, Men, (PI. ro, fig. 20.)

Localities—Nikko, Asamayama.

‘Lime of appearance—August.

Rather scarce at Nikko.

135. Syrichthus maculatus, Br. and Grey, (PI. to, fig. 21.)
Pyrgus maculatus, Mén.

Localities—Yokohama, Nikko.

Common in Japan and Korea (Mr. Leech).

136. Syrichthus sinicns、 (PI. 10, fig. 22.)
Pyrgus sinicus, But.

Locality— Yokohama.

137. Nisoniades montanus, Brem, (PI. ro, fig. 23 )
N. rusticanus, But.

Localities— Yokohama, Yezo.
Food plant—Oak (quercus).
Time of appearance—April.

Abundant about Yokohama in the early spring, feeding on the oak leaf.

COLLECTING:

Since publishing Part I. of this work, I have received suggestions that, as many of my readers have
had little practical experience in Entomology, a few directions would be servicable, especially to my
Japanese fellow workers.

The apparatus required is as follows :-—

ru Net. 10. Setting House.

2. Cyanide Bottle. 11. Glass Cylinders for rearing Larve.

2. Collecting Box, 12. Cabinets:

4. Larva Box. 13. Pliers and Dissecting Scissors.

5. Chip Boxes. 14. The following Chemicals: Potass. Cyanide,
6. Satchel. Napthaline, Acetic Acid dilut., Plumbi
7 alien. Precip: Calcis Carb:

8. Tin to hold Sugar. Pie Je itis:

g. Glass Tubes.

All apparatus ‘used in the field should be as lightly made as possible. Specimens should be removed
from the Net by means of the Cyanide Bottle, and when stupified by the fumes, should be pinned through the
side in the Collecting Box. The Net should be not less than 2 feet across the mouth, and not toodeep. The
Umbrella Net is the most handy for use. The Cyanide Bottle should be of strong glass. 1 find the most
servicable to be a smooth glass tumbler, with an India rubber stopper. The Cyanide is powdered and
wrapped up in blotting-paper, and over this a piece of stout cardboard is placed. The Collecting Box should
be 8 x 10 inches, lined with cork and double-bottomed, and havea strap by which to sling it over the shoulder.
The Larva Box should be made of zinc with perforated sides ; this also should have a strap by which it can
be slung over the opposite shoulder to that carrying the Collecting Box. The Chip Boxes should be made
to fit one within the other, in nests. The Glass Tubes should have cork stoppers and should be from 1 to は
inches deep. The Satchel should be made so that it easily opens and shuts, with a flap to prevent the con-

tents being jerked out when running. The Setting House is a very important item, and should contain

II RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

not less than 30 feet of setting boards ; it should be very strongly made to withstand rough usage when
travelling. The boards should be made of soft wood, with cork or pith in the groove, and when they are
put away in the house, they should stand perpendicularly, to prevent the bodies of the specimens becoming
distorted, while drying. They should be perfectly flat and all of the same depth, not less than one inch-
The cages for rearing /arve should be open Glass Cylinders, the tops being covered with net; they
should stand on earthenware plates, each plate having a hole drilled in the middle, through which the stalk
of the plant, on which the larva feeds, is immersed in a vessel holding water underneath. The Cabinet
is, perhaps, the most important of all, as, unless it is a good one, the results of the collectors’ time
and trouble will be spoilt. After very many experiments, I find the best wood for the drawers to be the
red wood of the cherry; any fancy wood not given to warping or giving off resin, may be used for the
case, but camphor wood, keyaki, cedar, pine, &c., are most unsuitable. The drawers should be 14 in.
long by 2rin. broad, and will then hold one dozen small size sheet-cork, as it is a great advantage
to have as many as possible of a genus under observation at the same time. All drawers should have air-
tight lids, and for butterflies it is useful to have both the tops and bottoms of glass. For the
latter, a narrow strip of cork is fastened between thin pieces of wood; this is laid on the bottom and
secured in position by means of a rack arrangement, which permits of the cork being shifted nearer or
further apart, as required by the size of the specimens. For moths it is only necessary to have the ZZ of
glass, the bottoms of the drawers being lined with cork and papered. The drawers should be of
sufficient depth so that the heads of the pins do not touch the glass lid, or say 14 in. inside measurem ent.
The sides should be double, and the lid have a deep flange fitting accurately into the cavity thus formed.
The drawers should be supported on side runners, and all should be made exactly of the same
gauge, so as to be interchangeable, if necessary. Only the very best workmanship should be em-
ployed, so that neither moisture nor insects can obtain access to the contents. ‘The Pins for all
Macro-lepidoptera should be of a uniform length, but of different degrees of thickness. Those for Micro-
lepidoptera should be smaller. The Pliers should be turned up at the point and the inner sides provided
witha pin and socket. The Scissors should have fine points—they are used for opening the abdomen of

all large moths, the contents of which should always be extracted.

Only the best Cyanide should be used; it is generally in thin cakes, and when its action
is sluggish, it can be freshened up by the addition of a few drops of vinegar. Napthaline placed in a
pocket between the double sides of the drawers, is the best protection against the attacks of insects.
Plumbi Precip. and Calcis Carb. sprinkled over the bottom of the drawers, although somewhat unsightly,
will in damp climates keep away mould and acar’. If, however, mould appears persistently, the
drawers should be placed round a bright fire, some six feet distant, with the lids removed, for
several hours, at intervals of a few days. As a substitute for this method, a small quantity of

Calcis Chloride, placed in a small pan in each drawer, for a short time, should be sufficient to absorb

all moisture. Camphor is worse than useless, as it only damages specimens, instead of acting as a

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. II

preservative. To kill specimens, a drop of table vinegar or Acetic acid dilut. (not too strong,) should be
taken up on an ordinary pen. ‘The insect is laid on its side, the pen is thrust into the under side of the
thorax, and the acid allowed to flow into the wound. No freshly caught specimens, although apparently
dead, should be set out, until this is done. In setting insects, I find from experience that what
is known as the Continental system is the best; in fact the English system is a decided mistake.
The advantages of the Continental system are, that the specimen is set high up the pin, perfectly flat, with
the wings well forward. In this position it is easy to figure accurately, there is plenty of room unaerneath
for labels recording references of date, place of capture, &c.; specimens so set are not liable to the
attacks of mould and insects, and they can be moved with less risk of breakage. To keep the wings in
position while drying, I use narrow silk ribbons, varying in width from ¢ to $ an inch, for the larger speci-
mens, and a long stout horse hair for the smaller; this is pegged down by short stout pins which carry

small fragments of cork.

To obtain specimens, the most satisfactory method is to rear them from the larval stage ; better
specimens are secured, and their life history and affinities can only thus be accurately studied. This

method, moreover, will always prove of great interest and give much instruction to the observer.

In searching for /arva, it should be remembered that every part of a plant supports them; some
feed on the leaves, others on the stem, bark, flowers, seeds, roots, fungi, lichens (many lichen feeders
mimic their food, or pile it on their backs), dead tissue, such as cloth, dried specimens, dead leaves, &c.
A great many 7vnee pass their whole larval stage between the inner and outer cuticles of leaves. Many
larve can only be obtained at night, by means of the sweeping net, which is strongly made of canvas
and swept rapidly backwards and forwards, over low herbage. Beating the overhanging branches of

trees into an umbrella, or beating net, is another effective way of obtaining /arve.

Preserving Larve.—About twenty years ago, I first published instructions how to preserve /arva, by in-
flating them over a spirit lamp until dry. This process has since been considerably improved, and with
patience and practice, many beautiful specimens may be preserved. Roughly speaking, the process is as
follows: the Zarva, which should be kept without food for a day, is immersed in a strong solution of
alum water; the inside is pressed out on blotting paper and the empty skin inflated by means of a
glass pipette, over a spirit lamp enclosed in a tin box, until perfectly hard. The tin box which encloses
the spirit lamp, 1s open at the front ; the flame is kept from scorching the skin by an inner protector of per-

forated zinc. The pipette must be bent almost at right angles and must have a round bulb in the middle.

Pupa-digging and raking should be prosecuted during the autumn and winter, when specimens cannot
be obtained in the perfect state. Large isolated trees should be selected and the moss and earth from

immediately round the base of the trunk, should be shaken over a sheet of paper.

Many moths mimic the bark of trees, and the trunks should therefore be carefully searched, it being

often necessary to blow into the crevices before the insect can be dislodged and seen. An effective way

IV KHOPALOCERA NIAONICA.

of dislodging moths from close low herbage, is by means of fumigators, similar to those employed in

conservatories.

Light is also a very productive method of obtaining moths. Gas-lamps on the outskirts of towns yield
an abundant harvest, and alight ladder should be carried, in order to take off the specimens by means of the
Cyanide Bottle. I may mention that it is as well to inform the police what the collector is after, and to carry
a box of matches to relight any lamps, that may be accidentally extinguished. A powerful lamp, enclosed
in a glass house, elevated in a conspicuous position ona pole, under which is a white cotton cloth,
will, on favorable nights, attract a host of specimens, many of which will be found seated on
the cloth. There are many forms of moth traps constructed on the principle of eel traps, so
that a moth once entering cannot escape; they are baited either with sugar or a light. Many
species can usually only be taken at sugar, or the blossoms of certain flowers. Sugar is
made by mixing black-sugar with Japanese saké, adding a httle rum and beer. This is smeared
on the trunks of trees just before dusk; the trees are visited, and the specimens taken off in the
Cyanide Bottle, by the aid of the light of a lantern; on favourable nights immense numbers of insects of
all orders, visit the sugar, but at other times hardly an insect 1s to be seen. Pine and cedar trees are
generally unproductive. The evening primrose (@vothera) is the best flower for hawk-moths, and is in
blossom for a long time. The most attractive flower in the spring is the Stachyurus precox, the branches
of which should be gently shaken into a large flat umbrella. Ivy blossom should be similarly treated in
the autumn. Sallow catkins are the favourite flowers, in the spring, in Great Britain, but are rarely visited

by moths in Japan.

An accurate register of all specimens obtained shouldbe carefully kept. This is easily effected by means
of numbers. A key or reference number is given to each species, and a subsidiary number to each specimen
captured ; the first number gives the page of the register, and against the second is written, in the register,
a record of the time and place of capture, together with any notes concerning the habits of the insect. I
have seen many collections, which have been made with great expenditure of time and trouble, but
without aregister being kept by the collector, the specimens of which, might, so far as their practical value
was concerned, have been so many pieces of painted paper. Mere specimens have no intrinsic value; it is

the facts concerning them which are of instruction and value.

NOMENCLATURE.

I have a few remarks to make concerning Nomenclature. In theory a combination of the generic
and specific name should denote a particular species, but unfortunately in practice exactly the opposite, in
very many instances, is the case. Thisis owing to the misdirected zeal of ‘species makers’ who multiply
genera and species out of all reason. The evil is an ever increasing one, and it is no unusual thing for

twenty or more names to be applied to a single species, necessitating the use of formidable lists of

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA. V

synonyms. Mr. Strickland many years ago attempted to remedy the evil in the Stricklandian Code,
approved of by the British Association, but one of the results of his well-meant endeavour, has been the

‘

revival of obsolete names, together with those of the long forgotten ‘godfather.’ The only true test for a

name is its general use, and no regard should be given to any sentimental consideration of the so-called ‘law

(

of priority’ if it interferes with the name known to the ‘greatest number.’ A greater evil arises from the
action of certain learned individuals who, engaged in the Sisyphean labors of ‘hair splitting,’ obtain single
specimens from little known localities, to which they hasten to tag new names, without sufficient investi-
gation or material. This leads me to speculate why people of this class are so exceedingly anxious to
‘name new species.’ It seems to me they attach some particular honor or self glorification to the
performance, as if they thought they were thereby erecting a monument to perpetuate their own puerile
work—a strangely false idea!—a name being once established, no further interest is felt in the ‘ godfather.’
I will venture the statement that, roo years hence, no one will trouble their heads whether ‘ But.’ or ‘ Tub.’
is the abbreviation of the describer’s name of any insect from Japan or elsewhere. No doubt the mere
museographist is a necessity, as, without his aid, the naturalist’s time would be too greatly taken up in the
purely mechanical work of classification and description, but that a describer should attempt to arrogate
to himself any particular scientific honour is absurd. It is as if the mechanic who makes the brass

tube for a telescope, should, in consequence, consider himself equal to the Herschel who uses it.

NOTES BY PUBLISHERS.

A,—An eleventh Plate had evidently been contemplated by the Author, with the view of making the
work still more complete, and of embracing two species given in Mr. J. H. Leech’s paper—‘ On the Butter-
flies of Japan and Corea (Proc. Z.S. 1 May 3rd, 1887.) But as the delineation of the species had not
been completed by the Author, his Executors do not feel justified in producing the intended Plate.

The sketch plan of the intended plate as left by the author is as follows :—
9 Papilio Memnon, Linn. male.—PI. 2, fig. 1 is the female.

9A Papilio Mikado, Leech (P.Z.S., 1887, Pl. 35, fig. 1).
Regarding this new species Mr. Leech writes l.c. p. 406 : 一 " I took a specimen about 2oth May near

IXagoshima, in the province of Satsuma. The nearest allied species is P. Lmpylus.”
8 ) I | 9

ro Luehdorfia pustlot, Ersch.

Already figured (PI. 1, fig. 10), but apparently not to the author's satisfaction.

30 Nephanda fusca, Brem or Grey. Male.

The female is figured (PI. 4, fig. 2).

53 Lycena argus, Linn. Violet-colored male.

Three figures have already been given of this species (PI. 5, figs. 1A, 1B, IC).

59 Lycena thuriensis, But.

Already figured (Pl. 5, fig. 5).

to

“I

Neptis lucilla, Schiff. Southern form.

Northern form figured already (Pl. 6, fig. 5).

95 Argynnis sagana, Doubl. Female.

The male is figured Pl. 8, fig. 3.
118A Plesioneura curvifascia, Feld.

Mr. Leech writes as follows, P.Z.S. l.c. p. 427 一 "This species which is new to Japan, occurs plenti-
fully in a small ravine close to the sea, near the port for Kumamoto in Kiushu. I found the specimens just

out in May.”

Regarding Plerygospedea sinica, Feld., of which Mr. Leech, l.c. p. 428, says there are specimens
from Nikko in the British Museum: there is a note in the author’s handwriting stating that if the specimens

in question are from Mr. Maries, they are probably Chinese, and not Japanese.

Vill RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

B.—Below is given an extract from a letter by Mr. Oliver Janson in reply to the Author's enquiries,

which was received by the Executors after his death :—

I received your skippers * * *. The following is a list of them with the corrected names :—
No.1 (PI. 10; fig. 13A:) = herculec, But (male)
No. r (PI. 10; fig. 138.) = hereulea, But. (female.)
No. 2 (PI. 10, fig. 144.) = ochrana, Brem. (male.)
No. 2 (Pl. 10, fig. 148.) = rvikuchina, But. (female.)
No. 3 (PI. 10, fig. 164.) = florinda, But. (male.)
No. 3 (Pl. 10; fie. 108.) — flovinda, But. (female,)
No. 4 (Pl. 10, fig. 18) = sylvatica, Brem. (male.)
No. 4 (PI. 10, fig. 18) == sylvatica, Brem. (female.)
No. 5 (Pl. 10, fig. 15) == deonina, But. (male.)
ERRATA.
Pace. LINE. Pace. Ling.
1 18 For primarilly read primarily. 7 3 For Men. read Meén.
3 rr From bottom. For Alen. read Alén. 7 15 From bottom. For Spring read Spring,
— 10 From bottom. For dehaani read dehaanii. 8 16 From bottom. For A/en. read Alén.
Ti 73 Woy (QU aye Galea, yyy teauel (ella a velee, 1), 8 14 From bottom. For mares’ read marvest.
4 17 For alrcinous read alcrnous. | 8 rr From bottom. For 77zz. read Alén.
A a7 - Pori(Pl, 3, HU read. (Pls, fig. =). 9 7 For dmmutuality read tmmutability.
4 6 From bottom. For five rapid, read fine, rapid. g 16 For realy read rea/ly.
5 8 For Z. and Z. read S. and Z. Io 7 For Men. read ALén.
5 12 For Luedorfia read Luehdorfia. a 6 For fig. 1. 2. read fig. 1a, 1B.
5 17 For Parnassus read Parnassius. 21 5 For on read zn.
6 12 For Jfen. read Alén. 24 15 After the word year add re. 1886.
6 7 From bottom. For Sink read Link. 30 13 Add (PI. 10, fig. 24).

TNDEX.

Amblypodia japontca, MUAY に ee 27
es LOOT, ble PIVel ニー Benn eens ZO
in LUPOGLE Dts aneen a tlemeies sine isineeaansr ries 28
AnthOcharis SCOLYMUS, BULL”. .caticcceeccueatascessesyecte 25
A paturanilia, Schiff. .....csescecssessecreeeenne sec neecneeee 62
Aporia crate@gt, LINN. に … Desens mle
Argynnis adippe, LInn...,...scccrcscecreceresecertesorsese G2
“A LIGA, LAMM, so.sisvicceesvireecreavnestvercreese | OT
ie OHUAVOTLENE Me deacnniascmeeredseemesacesseess 4
nn GEPANE, OCI, Acasoocens semen neater saa go
a の の の 2 の
遇 722752 の の VGC] の ツウ
所 niphe, Linn.
3 の 92 時 語ら
Piel, UMUOKSG ee の ee の て
274DOUUD eo eeeo 05
relia pnalagig, TDN E 計 hon ンド ea ンー つら
COORG NVTIP NE DOTDUS, SHAD: 4
COOL ree Tee MICA teapreerseenre>sStessancesanecttesttvs 1 e20
ME DOLL LO PUU0U UEDOCRC ees Steere ees, LL
Gupenis aciiiaNIOOTEy ceraasnaessecteaiessdeteccasssssaes 20
00270 の の 6000222002720 人 NBMUISEN ia:ereeeeot 33
CUTZ We OR aTIaS. DOISOe ques asenanestacsaseaceang OF
1D Pda) AMIS, IME Anctios sosnnatoncas 6eoecg Ap bue の の
UD OBCUSHE SLC A GRAY Be ate caes teeta setters ease eae
DiGhOrrG Pia Uesimachnus, BOISd. jcceivncrrissvccreace OF
PPUPSOS VOndSt, JAWSOM ai
55 42 PBE DESP2BRDT CAO eR ener OT ame
MMS CSL ALOT LEW: ceases gneeeciee er ere see ata:

WERE OVE SCADROUID MEV 0 usvacese cvs dastscets cueescxeaesose LOO

2 の 720000 の 00 が の の 上 16 ES ee 03

を VYaponica, Weld aeecessssessces PT POE oY |
Llesperva coninia, LAMM. sense sese eee

Ulasporic fava, IVUUUTRRNW eee eo

x leonina, But.

" PC HUT GOUUA Meaney aeaeerret aia execieerer etl gO

“a SWILOG 71S ASS Deen ne ae 2 eee ED

が 26 benjamint, Gueér. ee 118

Lastommata epimenides, Mén.

Lethe diana, But.

CR ROC eres 1
の CN
74620072 の 7 の NGO eo
Leucophasia sinaprs, Linn. oat naa nae
427677.20. POD MIL, VANS nw (OS
i HAIMa zs (Witte ae ese tnn spear sane oeneon nee enounen ca mae
Lycena egon, Schiff..........
Lycana argia, MEN, ........cceeceeeceee eT tanta
» argiades, Pall
Sy WAS COIS INN ast acdetesss varncnscoa
6727/G7| 1011 53
pee EC CCLica elite enentena et cote aaa
っ euphemus, Hb..

Nie COATES IBN ean seaeanne Spielmann. 5.0

27 ee 50

» (©) ogasawaraensis, H. Pryer

3) COU LYcormas, But. ¢...;

Py wel eres NEUNEAY i eee is PROC id 57
24222746 puarlot, EXSCR. ai
Melanittis tsmene, Moore

- Ucihow MUNN can aarenanens

RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.

IOLA SEES Dy Oo Macatee. sara eere 0 の BOOotole

Melit@a athalia, Rott. ......

EDU OUC MOCMiinicn seme been ett GEO

Yr MU SD ote

Miletus hamada, Druce.............. re BA a oH Cnos

Mycalesis golama, Moore

3 perdiccas, 2 っ 02

Neope calrpteris, But.

AP Ch ae ee ee
IN EDLISRCELES, AGC DS が PS rea se aes eatinda erin

» @lwina, Brem., Grey .........

» €xcellens, But.

ルル タダ ルル 28o【G】9000 時 PGIGDDGC aman treet aes treta nectareane
ん ルイ 51( す ME まや TP リー まとい 7
Nifhanda fused; Breim, , NEY Eee as
INISON1AdES MONTANUS. BICMs.se0e ee コブ ピピ ee
20700750777/27072LGIO ES cence Tents ts
a PL SO PUT DU Saori
lamprosptlus, Feld. ......

oe ガク タルガ 2 人 0 間 軸 1107 の EPC の CO

の の 67020 memes tees giver deus ot

a varta, Murray

POD] OF G1 CU CUS UU = secs ne taset caer etiaitan ace

- demetrius, Cr.

A er ee er ee

87 i
Satyrus dryas, Scop. ......

Thecla arata, Brem. ......

7O » Outlert, Fent. ......

, enthea, Janson ...

oe eer acs Wehbl, きま Doe

っ japonica, Murray

っ ortentalis, Murray

+3 orsedice, But.......

5 Sieala, BW sie

4 saphirina, Stdgr.

Syrichthus maculatus, Brem. .

a 272222231 ER

2672Y。727700 は USN eset pees
Lerias mulliformis, H. Pryer

Pyr pus anachus, MGM. EE
Pythauria chryseglia, But. .….….….
Rhodocera acuminata, Feld..e. sess csccecseeersevessvaee

HIE Htbe, BI ba. eerich one BaocRe.

Lertas bethesba, Janson,.........+..

Terias biformis, H. Pryer (page 21)

4 attilia. Bremen

je UJHLU AASB RY 1; GEC a wessres nesses senators

EGR GNU songcnetoc

222722 Nese

CEA A ac coe 46
ros 40

TEE 往生 きき きまま

helenus, Linn. ・ 7 Sar ae dla, BRCM ences nae 34
“5 maackt, Mén..... 75 くに ご 23 ご 7222 2 3 e LU QLDILIL MUSTO CH eee. sme seen > 41
- CMAN ed oigis MAW 0S an tscesae cariaie neacoh- nooner Honeosnar I Vanessa GNL1OP A, TANN cchesecnseomunnt esa Sr
” macilentus, Janson Poe eee a ee ee wee ane eee erence ane 5 5 buresana, 91000 74
っ > memnon, Linn. HOCHCCPEKCUPG 人 “endleum Maiiiy. Ga cetacciattntcate een ee 75
の Sar pedon,, TOs 0 NAND RA Le 9 較 TEU A OTA UP 生還 2COP'OPD COHa 83
pi See CIEL 1 TES NPG 5» €ardut, LINN: EE
POuOr Se ACRE COD dies se nenuan tus an 108 i. Gs AUP eum, Wis aeoasitoancsoseee cee eee TT,
Non IQLELO TILT NN at tadenesuenves one ICO a charoniad, OTUGY Weeeneaeereeee : 84
BW ames ASEM ake eah oes nenecaneake san ee ane IIO 5 edo; UN ee = 80
Parnassius glacialis, But. ......606 pxwsss: LE » devaria, Li eee

TANCES] (24 ora OT OU inane iia ae tener aee REGISTER
Se Pe. LSM wee cares oe Sore ieee BARKS Reeth E
POLO VAL ILS sD Leas MONI Msn eee das teen ee eeey neces

Pronophila schrenkil, Mé........0.0065

Cr ee ee ray

urtice, Linn.

v. album Hubn.

”

49 »

xanthomelas, Schiff.

Vpthima baldus, Pabe wen nscecer:

te a. GO
FR SCG ETSAA 78
ys BUO

PEATE 1: Big Pace.
Rie. Pace. No. 14 Amblypodia japonica, Murray (Lycenide). rr
1A, Papilio machaon, Linn. (Papilionide) rs に rrp oni en do. a
machaon ox early spring form... 3 r ie , Hore ue ay. o
IB. 19 5 Linn. (Papilionidee) ;
4066 Or soe form Gan 3 1 PLATE 3.
oc eg ern AO) 1 Papilio demetrius, Cr. (Papilionide) 4
22000OMNC2UI/ spun ee tories 83,0 2 2 53 mactlentus, Janson. (Papilionide). 4
2B. a ns Linn. (Papilionidz) 3 ' ieee 8 a F
Be Ot SN ROU acs oa 4A. Anthocharis scolymus, But. (Pieridee) 6
3 », maacki, Mén. (Papilionidz) ...... 3. «3
4B. ” ” 6
OB Ri 2 0 の 5 5 Parnassius glacialis, But. (Papilionide) ... 5
4762220420702800028 Esse eae ES OM Preps rope site ( Pieridae: ene ere.sss ace. 6
7 Aporia cralegi, Linn. (Pieridae) 5
PLATE 2. 8a. Prerts napt, Linn. p. megameru,
1 Papilio memnon, Linn. (Papilionide) ...... 4 8 GPienide)| ase ec sane ee eee. 6
の ” helenus, Linn. (Papilionida) ...... a eth 8B. Pieris napt, Linn. p. melete, Mén......... 6
3 Colas paleno, Linn. (Pieridz) “eae
4a. ,, Aypale, Linn., spring form (Pieridae). 8 20 PEATE «2
4B. ぁ 5 summer form (Pieridae) 8 2o 1a. Curetis acuta, Moore. (Lyczenidz)... rr
5 Rhodocera maxima, But. (Pieridee) ......... 77 iB. a a do. II
6 6, acuminata, Feld. (Pieride)...... Te Site 2 Niphanda fitsca, Brem & Grey. do. 13
7 Leucophasia sinapis, Linn. (VPieridz) ,..... 7 10 3 Dipsas sepestriata, Hew. do. 13
8 55 ‘5 氷原 ヶ 16 4 3 lutea, Hew. do. 13
ga. Terias multiformis, H. Pryer. (Pieride) ... 8) 21 5 5 “Jouast, Janson, do. 13
ORM 45 5 do. ie 6a. Thecla smaragdina, Brem. do. 13
10 ne Ovformis, JA. Pryer. 7. laeza, Boisd. sie (ity ena 7 Es do. 13
Il 0 * T. bethesba, Janson ...... 1222 7A. 4, Japonica, Murray. do. 14
Ir2 Miletus hamada, Druce (Lycenide)......... IO 24 7B. oy の の do.
13 Lycena (?) ogasawarensts, H. Pryer. 7C. 55 の » do.
GIEVCZMIGES)) sai tviciieevercersegdtavvane’s LO 25 4D. 45 ‘i is do.

tN eX Oo PiEAwgs,

No.
27
29
28

14
14

XII RHOPALOCERA NIHONICA.
Fic Pace. No. Fic Pace.
8a. Thecla orientalis, Murray. (Lycenidz) ... 14 36 Ir Vanessa burefana, Brem. (Nymphalide)... 25
8B. ,, % is do. 34 12 3 levana, Linn, do. 24
ga. 4, saphirina, Stdgr. do. oy, 13 Libythea lepita, Moore (Lemonide)......... 21
OB 3 a ‘6 do. 37 14 Cyrestis thyodamas, Boisd. (Nymphalidz). 23
10 » arata, Brem. do. 15 38 js Limenitis stbylla, Linn, do. 23
Ir Ay CLO ep do. 15 39 16 Lycena pryert, Murray. (Lyceenide)......... 18
12 9 enthea, Janson, do. IS 40 =
J > PLAGE 6.
I4 5» w-album, Knoch. do. IS 41 Ass: ; :
. Ir WVeptis aceris, Lep. (Nymphalidz) ... 24
15 っ prunt, Linn, do, 15 42
2 A excellens, But. do. 24
16 . mera, Janson. do. 1S. 48
2 Pe pryert, But. do. 24
17 っ orsedice, But. do. 15 44 ce
4 Neptis alwina, Brem., Grey. do. 24
18 Ma. 727 た 5 do. 10 45 “2 a ;
i 5 Neptis luctlla, Schiff. do. 24
2) - butler?t, Fent. do. 16 46 _-
6a. Vanessa c-album, Linn. do, 25
1g » signata, But. do. Tom 47
7 ; 6B. ” ” うぅ do.
2O » Srivaldszkyt, Led. do. 16 48 : :
: 7A. Vanessa c-aureum, Linn, do. 25
21 Polyommatus phleas, Linn. do. 16 49
> 78. ) ’ うう
22 Lycena betica, Linn. do. L750 _ :
’ 8 re urfice Linn. do. 26
23A. re argiades, Pall. do. 7 weal
: : 9 i v-album, Htibn. do. 25
23B の ” 3 do. Lz) 51
; - 10 a xanthomelas, Schiff. do. 26
レア POT argta, Mén. do. hp SY.
: Ir zo, Linn. do. 26
24B. y - - calor 52
24C. ye 本 内 do. 52 PAA Tes Wh
25 A 4) argiolus, Linn. do. 18 ss 1 Vanessa antiopa, Linn, (Nymphalidae) ... 26
25B - 6 7 do. 55 2 . cardut, Linn, do. 26
7 3 店 callirhoe, Fab. do. 26
PLATE
- 4 re charonta, Drury. do. 27
1A. Lyce@ena argus, Linn. (Lycanide) ............ 18 53
5 Melitwa phase, Schiff. do. 27
IB, or 3 do. 53
6 a athalia, Rott. do. 27
LiGs ” ” ” do. 55
: 本 Be do. 2
の っ @gon, Schiff. do. 18 54 7 7
8a. Argynais ni, Linn. 8 28
3A. Lycana lycormas, But. do. 18 56 ATEN DES POR OD 9
3B 了 計 上 CLO ae ote crete 56 8B. っ yp do.
8 daphne, Schiff do.
4A », euphemus, Hb. do. Ig 58 9 , 200
IO Atella phalanta, Drury. do. の の
ABE > i do. 58 2 2
M3 tl Argynunis aglata, Linn. do. sae 428
5 ,, tburtensis, But. do. serge cha cia OSG Sg > an
8 2 2 inn, 0. oo
6 Luripus charonda, Hew. (Nymphalidz) ... 22 63 6 の 22040 Tie ¢
7 Limenitis populi, Linn. do. 23 65 63
8 Kuripus japonica, Feld. do. 23 64 1 Argynnis nerippe, Feld. (Nymphalide)... 28
»
9 Apatura ilia, Schiff. do. 22 62 IA, “ * * (do.) piper ar
10 Dichorragia nesimachus, Boisd. do. ZZ TOI 2 anadyomene, Feld. (do.) sha

ウッ
94

(oo (

RHOPALOCE RA NIHONICA. XIII

Pace. No. Fic. Pace. No.
Argynnis sagana, Doubl. (Nymphalida)... .… 95 4 Ismene benjamini, Guér. (Hesperide) ...... 33 118
の paphia, Linn. (do.) 29 96 54. Py/hauria chryseglia, But. do. TiO
laodice, Pall. (do.) 97 5B. e ie 119
08 ruslana, Motsch. (do.) g8 6 Daimio tethys, Murray GO Semen 120
Melanitrs tsmene, Moore. (Satyrida) 30 100 7 Pamphila mathias, Fab. doa) ae 121
う leda, Linn, (do.) 30 101 8 » lamprospilus, Feld. do... 122
の zz な tyliz, Gray. (Danaide) 29 9J 9 » varia, Murray Gloy eA o ne L23
PLATE 9. IO っ guliata, Brem. Gs aun 34 124

Mycalests gotama, Moore (Satyride) ...... 30 103 a ape acerca ay Co Pa 2
a perdiccas, Hew. GOm uae: 104 13 Te gs 0 | Bit 2
Sap ETE PCAN ites Ck or 13A. Hesperia sy'lvanus, Esp. COW) WP cance 127
.Lrebta sedakovit, Ev. GO Wn. eae 31 106 pee is ees sis
. 7 re hee IAA. a comma, Linn. Gi een 128
Satyrus drvas, Scop. (a0) ne ee 107 as に Sa i 92 生じ に ae Ae
Pararge achine, Scop. Got Wass sigs 108 He 5 feugiat Coe No #2?

‘ eine ae eo 16a, om rikuchina, But. GOs Wess e ieee 18
- maackii, Brem. Oye We ences Iio ws ae ian | es ie
Lastommataepimenides,Mén. do... lent 4 » LENE BORO foun 35 131
Lethe sicelts, Hew. Gust JS Daseee a2 112 18 ae sp.? dO, …… 132
2002722.2227204732278 Ni Gane ie r9 Cycloprdes ornatus, Brem. dow a... 133
J TOO ER IO re ve 20 Pyrgus tnachus, Mén. do. 8 134

21 Syrichthus macula/us, Brem. & Grey (Hes-

AIN 10; DGG aiEUOGCR 135
Pronophila schrenkit, Min. (Satyride)...... 32 114 22 Syrichthus sinicus (Hesperidee) 136
Neope calipteris, But. Osea daar 116 23 Nisontades montanus, Brem. (Hesperide).. 137
Canonympha edipus, Feb. GOs “ante. 117 24 Melanitis nt. sp.P (Satyride) oceciscecc senses 30 102

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of the Toky6 Educational Museum, to whom the Author had entrusted this branch of the Work.

itis feared that some valuable information in the way of additions to and modifications of the Notes to

the latter portion of the text may have perished with him.

on

i

Brem.) inclusive, were found in type, the final proofs of the greater part having received the Author’s ap-
The Notes on Collecting and Nomenclature (which will appear in Part III.) were also found in

type, ready for printing. The remainder of the text has been completed from the two following sources :

(2.) The Author's Paper in the Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, ‘“ A Catalogue of

the Lepidoptera of Japan,” read May, 1883.

All the figures down to Plate No. 7, inclusive, were found ready for publication, whilst all the
original coloured drawings for Plates Nos. 8, 9, and 10, were in the lithographer’s hands under contract

for execution as speedily as possible.

Mr. BisseT has to thank Mr. Loomis and Mr. MANLEy for the assistance they have kindly

afforded him in preparing the work for publication. The Japanese translation is the work of Mr. NAMYE,

It is believed that the whole Work is as complete as the Author originally intended, although |

deals

BUTTERFLIES OF JAPAN,

NOTICE.

Owing to the lamentable and untimely death of the Author on the 17th February, 1888, the pre-
paration for the press of the unpublished portion of this Work was undertaken by JAMEs BisseT, F.L.S.,

kis intimate friend and business associate.

The descriptions from No. 30 (Niphanta fusca, Brem. and Gray) to No. 74 (Vanessa burejana

ae

(1.) The Author's own outline of the whole Work, which includes the names, synonyms, locali-

ties, food plants, and time of appearance, interspersed with notes. a

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