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TO GIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES,
AS PRACTICED IN THE SOUTH.

Entered according to Act of Congress by RicHARD FROTSCHER, in the Office of the esi fe at
Washington, in the year 1877.

WAREHOUSE:

15 &17 DU MAINE STREBET,

NEAR THE FRENCH MARKET,

NEW ORLEANS, LA.

< >
OAs oe an

GEO. MULLER, PRINTER, 50 BIENVILLE STREET.
1890,

aad

——s

INTRODUCTION.

In presenting to my friends and patrons the

Thirteenth Annual Edition of my Almanac and Garden Manual,

I do so in stating that it is a plain work like its predecessors, intended
to give short but comprehensive instructions in regard to the cultivation
of vegetables and flowers as practiced herein the South. For the looks
of my work, it cannot be compared with the elaborated issues of some of
my Northern competitors, which are full of colored plates, and with gilded
covers, resembling more a series of ‘‘ Mother Hubbard’ than an instruc-
tion book on gardening; but I flatter myself, that it is the most useful
for this section. An old proverb says, ‘‘Not all is gold, which glitters.”’

The demand for my Almanac has increased from year to year, and
I am now compelled to publish twice as many as when I sent out the
first issue; although I have been careful in the distribution of this work
to place it in the hands of those who benefit by its instructions.

The raising and shipping of vegetables from the South to the West-
ern and Northern points has increased to such an extent, that it has be-
come quite an item of Southern industries, which requires the attention
and study of seedsmen to assist those who are engaged in this particular
branch by giving them the best informations in regard to selecting seeds
suited to our section.

I may state here that it is a quarter of a century since I went into the
- Seed business, on a small scale, and unknown; by working for the inter-
est of my customers, and by fair and honest dealing, I have succeeded in
building up the largest Seed establishment in the South.

Hoping a continuance of the favors of my patrons, which will be
duly appreciated,
I remain,

Yours truly,
RICHARD FROTSCHER.

4 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

SEEDS BY MAIL.

Seeds can be sent by mail to any part of the United States in packages not ex-
ceeding four pounds, at eight cts. per pound, or one cent for two ounces, or fraction
thereof. On seeds ordered in papers or by the ounce I prepay the postage, except
on peas, beans and corn. This refers to large sized papers which are sold at one
dollar per dozen. Whenordered by the pound eight cents per pound postage has
to be added to theprice of the seeds; to peas, beans and corn, fifteen cts. per
quart.

All packages are put up in the most careful manner, and every precaution
taken to insure their reaching their destination in safety. Purchasers living at
any place where my seeds are not sold, are requested to write to me to obtain their
supplies. This will be more profitable than to buy from country stores where seeds
left on commission, are often kept till all power of germination is destroyed. As
-seed merchants, who give their goods out on commission, rarely collect what is not
sold, oftener than once every twelve months, and as Lettuce, Spinach, Parsnip,
Carrots, and many other seeds will either not sprout at all or grow imperfectly if
kept over a summer in the South—to buy and plant such, is but money, time and
labor wasted.

Here in our climate, where we plant garden vegetables as freely in autumn as in
spring, and where often the seeds have to be put in the ground when the weather
is very warm, it is an indispensable necessity to have perfectly fresh seeds.

My arrangements with my growers are made so that I receive the new crop,
expressly cleaned for me, as soon as it is matured. The varieties which are not
raised in the North, I order from Europe, and have them shipped so as to reach me
about the beginning of August, just the time they are needed for fall planting. By
following this plan I have always a full supply of fresh seeds of undoubted germi-
nating qualities, while dealers, who sell on commission, have only those left from
the winter previous.

On the receipt of one dollar I will mail thirteen large size papers of seeds, put
up the same as seeds sold by the pound. These papers can be selected from this
Catalogue, and include four papers of either Beans or Peas, if so wanted. Or, for
the same amount, I will mail twenty smaller papers, including four papers of
either Peas or Beans. This is done to enable consumers to get reliable seeds in
good size papers in places where my seeds are not sold. The papers put up by
Northern seedsmen are so small that of some varieties they hardly contain enough
to do any good. The low prices charged to merchants are made at the expense of
consumers. My papers are large and worth the full value of the money paid for
them.

It cannot be too well impressed on the minds of all cultivators of vegetables,
that most seeds kept through a summer in this climate will not grow, and that all
who use such seeds will be losers.

All seeds that leave my establishment are thoroughly tested.

Having received a great many complaints that letters which were addressed to
me and contained money, were not answered, I must state that these letters never
reached me, and, therefore, would caution my customers not to send any money
in letters without registering same. By sending one dollar, or upwards, the cost,
ten cents, can be charged to me. The cheapest and surest way is money order or
draft, but where they cannot be had, letters have to be registered, which can be
done at. any Post Office.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

A Few Remarks on Raising Vegetables for Shipping. .

Within the past few years the raising of early vegetables for shipping West’
has become quite an item in the neighborhood of New Orleans. We have advan-’
tages here, which are not found elsewhere, for that branch of industry. Freights
have been reduced to all points from here, and special cars, built expressly for
carrying green vegetables and fruit, have been put on the Railroads. We are ear-
lier here than at any other point, and with the rich ground we have, and the large
supply of manure to be had for the hauling only, early vegetables can be raised |
very successfully. |

Almost every kind of vegetables are shipped from here, but Beans, Cucumbers, -
Beets, Tomatoes, Cabbage and Peas form the bulk of shipment. For Beans, the
Dwarf Wax, Improved Valentine and ‘Best of All”’ are principally planted for ship-
ping purposes; the latter carry well and find ready sale. The Wax varieties do
well in a dry season, but in a wet one they are apt to spot, which makes them un-
fit for shipping. If they have had a good season to grow, so they arrive in good or-
der at destination, they will sell higher than any other variety. The Crease Back—
a Pole Bean introduced here by me—is well adapted for shipping. It is very early
and will follow the Dwarf Beans closely in maturing. Thousands of bushels of
green pods are shipped from here to the Western markets. They are generally sten-
ciled ‘‘Mobile Beans,,’ which name is wrongly applied. Very few of this variety
are planted at that place.

In the way of Cucumbers, the Improved White Spine and New Orleans Market
are the best varieties, as they bear abundantly, keep their color better, and are su-
perior for shipping to any other. I have been supplying the largest growers in this
vicinity in that line with seed, the stock of which cannot be surpassed in quality.
Of Beets only the dark red Blood Turnip or the Egyptian should be planted for
shipping purposes. The Egyptian is a very quick growing variety, and should not
be sown quite so early as the Blood Turnip, which ought to be sown in September
and October; for the former variety, January is time enough. *

For Tomatoes, the Extra Early Dwarf comes in bearing first, but should be
planted only,for the first crop, as when large varieties come in the market, the
former do not sell as well. Great improvements have been made of late years in
Tomatoes; the varieties raised and introduced by Livingston’s Sons are perfect,
and hardly any improvement can be made on such varieties as the Paragon,
Favorite, Acme and Beauty. New Orleans is not a good point to ship Tomatoes
from as they hardly ever arrive at destination in good condition. Along the Jack-
son R. R., where the land is more sandy, a better article is raised for shipping.
Lettuce is shipped quite extensively ; the Improved Passion is used principally for
that purpose. .

Potatoes and Onions are shipped in large quantities, but the former are very
uncertain in regard to prices. Owing to the unfavorable weather last winter and
spring, the season has not been good for raisers and shippers of vegetables. The
crop of Winter Cabbage was almost a failure. The storm on the 19th and 20th of
August destroyed the plants which were almost large enough to be set out. Seed
had to be sown again, which did not grow well owing to the continued hard rains
in September. Plants could not be planted till late, and owing to the mild winter,
cabbage did not head well. There was not a fourth of an average crop; this had
to be sold at very low prices. Cabbage came here till January from the West, the
open winter there permitted growers to ship later than usual. This cabbage was
sold here at very low prices, sometimes hardly bringing the freight.

6 5 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

The Spring crop also did not do so well; January, February and part of March
were very wet, which prevented cultivators to work the growing crops. After the
rainy spell we had an exceedingly dry one, which was not favorable towards
developing the size of cabbage. Many thousand crates of cabbage did not pay for
freight at destination. Brunswick and Early Summer are the two principal varie-
ties shipped from here.

The surest plan is to sow the seed in cold frames in November, say from the
middle to the twentieth, to have them for transplanting in January.

Beets and Cucumbers paid well, that is, the latter raised in frames, and open
grouud. Peas did very poorly owing to the very heavy rains during March But
what was shipped brought good prices. Beans came in too late, and very few of
them paid; there came too many from along the line of the Jackson Rail Road to
_Chicago at the same time. Wax Beans arrived in good order, shipped from here
owing to the dry weatherin April; they also done finely from the line of the L. & N.
R. R., between here and Mobile. The Wax Beans, when in good order, always
bring higher prices than green podded varieties. .

The potatoes brought to the market early, realized good prices; most of them
were shipped to different points from here; but owing to their poor quality, having
been mostly dug before properly matured, the prices fell so rapidly, that our main
erop sold at very low prices. The principal! reason of it was, that our crop shipped
North and West came in competition with potatoes raised farther West, Mississippi
and Tennessee. Our late potatoes were not large owing to the dry weather in late
Spring. The yield of potatoes was very different, one from the other; some hardly
returned the seeds, while others got from 15 to 20 barrels for one planted, from the
same lot of seed potatoes. The crop of Onions was very large but sold low. Shipped
North and West they sold at ruinous prices to the shipper, in many instances
bringing less than they were bought for here. The quality was excellent and
kept well all Summer; in the month of October, I had some which were as sound
and firm as at the time they were dug (latter part of April). The Musk Melon erop
was large and of excellent quality; it paid well. Tomatoes also paid well.

Gardeners and others who contemplate raising vegetables for shipping, are
invited to give meacall. From the fact that all staple articles are raised for me
by contract, in such sections best suited to mature the varieties we need for our
climate, and the interest I take in the’seed business, coupled with a thorough knowl-
edge of same, enables me to assist in making selections of seeds for*the purpose.
The interest of my customers and mine are identical. My stock is the best selected
and largest in the South.

——__-+ 41 8 > > __—_—__—_—_

ae TI receive a good many letters which are plainly enough written,
except the signature. To insure prompt filling of orders, I ask all cus-
tomers and others writing to me, to write their names plainly; at the
same time, never fail to give the name of the nearest Post Office. Also,
write out the order in columns, not in the body of the letter. Some let-
ters came in without any signature; when the Post Office was properly
given, I returned the letter to the Post Master of that place, and in some
instances have traced up the writer in that way.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, y/

1st Month. JANUARY. 31 Days:

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

——————

NaN RGM thc tis cistern clan ob ws bide Seid 6d. 12h. 16m. Morning.
Last Quarter ........... Pa ASD coke DR CRRY aE 14d. ih. 12m. Morning.
ING POOR eel sclee wale ual f ways 8's een aa ae 20d. 6h. 29m. Evening.
Piet Mar hOR ace) Selle ae kee cee palette gee td, 2h. 56m. Evening.
DAY Sun | Sun | Moon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. | r. & 8. —or—
Month and Week." |. m.| hy m.| b.- m. IMPORTANT EVENTS.
1 | Wednesday |7 9| 4 51 | 2 20 | New Year. ,
2 | Thursday 7 8|452| 317 | Gen. Wolf born, Westerham, Kent, 1727.
3 | Friday 7 8/452] 4 2 | Eliot Warburton, Hist. Novelist, died 1852.
4 | Saturday 7 8|452| 459] Introd’n of Silk manuf’es into Europe, 1536.
1) Sunday after New Year. Matth. 2. Day’s length, 9h. 46m.
5 | Sunday |7 7/453| 550| Vigil of Epiphany.
6 | Monday 7 7/453] rises; Epiphany, or 12th day, old Christmas Day.
7 | Tuesday 7 714653 | 559 | Robert Nicoll, poet, born, 1814.
8 | Wednesday | 7 6|454]| 648] BattleofN.O,,1815 & Inaug. Gov. Nicholls,’77
9 | Thursday 7 G6|454)| 739) Car. Lucr. Herschel, Astronomer, died, 1848.
10 | Friday 7 6|4 54] 8 27} Ist Steamboat, New Orleans from Pittsburg,
11 | Saturday 7 5|455 | 925) First Lottery drawn in England, 1569. [1812.
2) ist Sunday after Epiphany. Luke 2. Day’s length, 9h. 50m.
12 | Sumday |7 5/455} 10 26; St. Arcadius, Martyr.
13 | Monday 7 4] 4 56 | 11 21) G, Fox, Founder Sect of Quakers, died, 1690
14 | Tuesday 7 3 {457} morn| ‘Great Frost” in England, began 1205.
15 | Wednesday | 7. 3 | 457 | 12 1] Thomas Crofton Croker, born, 1798.
16 | Thursday 7 2|458| 117} Edmond Spencer, Poet, died, 1599.
17 | Friday 7 1|4 59 | 229; Mozart, Musician, born, 1756.
18 | Saturday 7 0|}5 0} 8 42] Festival of St. Peter’s Chair at Rome.
3) 2nd Sunday after Epiphany. John 2. — Day’s length, 10h. 00m.
19 | Sunday ROMS, On tf 38 | James Watt, born, 1736.
20 | Monday 659 | 5 11] sets.| Coldest day in the century, 1838.
21 | Tuesday 658|5 2}| 617} St. Agnes, Virgin Martyr, 304.
22 | Wednesday | 6 58; 5 2] 730]! Francis Bacon, born 1561.
23 | Thursday 657|)5 3] 843 | Thanksgiving for victory of 8th, 1815.
24 Friday 656|5 4] 952] Frederick the Great, born, 1712.
25 | Saturday 656/5 41/1059] St. Paul’s Day.
4) 38rd Sunday after Epiphany. Matth. 8. - Day’s length, 10h. 10m.
26 | Sumday | 655/5 5] 1159] Louisiana seceded, 1861.
27 | Monday 6 54 | 5 6] morn; Admiral Lord Hood, died, 1816.
28 | Tuesday 653.15 7] 1212 | Henry VIII, died, 1547.
29 | Wednesday | 6 52|5 8] 1 8] Emanuel de Swedenborg, born, 1688-89.
30 | Thursday 651|5 9{| 210; King Charles I, beheaded, 1649.
31 | Friday | 650|510; 3 9) Ben. Johnston, born, 1574.

’ Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.—_January 22., Rosh Chodesh Shebat.

B RICHARD FROTSOAHR’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

G@xmernreesr usar oe

2d Month. PE BRU Arey: 28 Days.

tn eS Ss ca

va ee
ere

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

SUE INE OOM kia hs atthe OH ol eee Aan ane ina 4d. Th. 53m. Evening.
PASM QUATtOR .. coche Se. SRA Cnn mace cistern anes 12d. lh. 31m. Afternoon.
NGNVANIOON Ate. cr Sas REI NRE SE 19d. 5h. 7m. Morning.

‘ First Quarter. ..... Oi ictal dladee ego My ar SEO AR EA ai 26d. 8h. 42m. Morning.

DAY Sun Sun Moon CHRGSOLOGY
E OF rises. sets. | r. & 8. Nore
Month and Week.

hee fe eh) Bes PMeURTANT EVENTS,

TCT ie —. z : zs = ; —_ -
it | Saturday | 6 49 | 5 11 | 4 1 | Washington elected Pres’t. 1789.

4) Septuagesima Sunday. Matth. 29. Day’s length, 10h. 22m.

2| Sunday |649;511 448] Purification of the Blessed Virgin, Candle-
3 | Monday 648/512; 5 50| Henry Crom vell, born, 1627. [mas Day.
4 | Tuesday 647 |5 13 rises} Delegates from Conf. States meet at Mont-
5 | Wednesday | 6 461514 #46 31| Ole Bull, born, 1810. [gomery, 1861.
6 | Thursday 6.45 | 5 15 | 729 | Charlies II. King of England, died, 1865.

7 | Friday 644)516 8 30] Charles Dickens, born, 1812.

8 | Saturday 643 |5 17! 9 27| Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded, 1587.

6) Sexagesima Sunday. Luke 8. Day’s length, 10h. 36m.
9| Sunday 6 42 | 5 18/10 27 | David Rezzio, murdered, 1565-66.

10 | Monday - 6 41 | 519] 11 28 | Riot at Oxford, 1354.

11 | Tuesday 6 40 | 5 20} morn| Mary, Queen of England, born, 1516.

12 | Wednesday | 6 39 | 5 21 | 12 1} Abraham Lincoln, born, 1809.
13 | Thursday 6 88 | 5 22 | 12 39 | St. Gregory II, Pope, 631.

14 | Friday 623040823 130 | St. Valentine’s Day.

15 | Saturday 6 36 | 5 24] 229} Galilei Galileo, Astronomer,born, 1564.

7) Quinquagesima Sunday. Luke 18. Day’s length, 10h. 50m.
16 | Sumday | 635/525 | 3371] Dr. Kane, Am. Arctic Explorer, died, 1857.
17 | Monday 6 34} 5 26} 4 40 | Columbia, 8S. C. burned, 1865.

18 | Tuesday 6 33 | 5 27; 5 47 | Mardi Gras in New Orleans.

19 | Wednesday | 6 32 | 5 28 | sets Eliz. Carter, classical scholar, died, 1806.

20 | Thursday 6 31 | 5 29 635 | U. Gaghan & T. Connor, felon poets, hanged
21 | Friday 6 30 | 5 30 7 36 Pierre du Bose, born, 1623. [1749,
22 | Saturday 6 29 | 5 31) 8 37 George Washington, born, 1732.
$) 1st Sunday in Lent. Matth. 4. Day’s length, 11h. 04m.
23 | Sunday | 6 28| 5 32| 9 40 | Battle of Buena Vista, 1847.
24 | Monday 6 27 | 5 33 | 10 42 | St. Matthias, Apostle.

25 | Tuesday 6 26 | 5 34 | 11 45 | Dr. Bucan, born, 1729.

26 | Wednesday | 6 25 | 5 35 | morn} Thomas Moore, poet, died, 1852.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.— February 15, Shekolim ; 20 and 21,
Rosh Chodesh Adar.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 9

3d Month. MARCH. 31 Days.

Calenlated for the ettieces ‘of the acinus States.

-: Seana a ee ae

ASH LAPIN OV i alba INP ogee eae oes ie A RU At NC Sri th. 27m. Afternoon,
Last ( uarter ehh atl fo Beall IS fo 15 10h. 44m. Evening.
New Moon Dara ey y's By Marte Rel ietan steieares 20d. 3h. 41m. Evening.
HWirshyQuarbeue. akeiAy Rte Lo. Nin ees tse uh Ol 4h. 12m. Morning.
DAY Sun | Sun Moon CHRGNOLOGY
OF rises. sets r.& 8. —OF—
Mouth and Weel. Wi eter IMPORTANT EVENTS,
1 | Sntnrday | G80) 1.5238 Ts 2 34 i) First Noe of the Speciation pobushed: 1711.
9) 2d Sunday in Lent. Matth. 15, Day’s Tae ene 1lh. 18m.
2| Sumday (| 621 |5389 | 332 Territory of Dakota organized, 1861.
3 | Monday 6 20) 5 40 | 426] Edmond Waller, Poet, born, 1605.
4 | Tuesday 618 | 5 42 5 17 Abraham Lineoin inaugurated, 1861.
5 |, Wednesday |°6 171) 5.43) 6 7 First Locomotive run through Brit. tube, ’30.
6 | Thursday 616|5 44! rises! Great tinancial excitement, 1863.
7 | Friday 615|545 | 7 2{| Blanchard, Aeronaut, died, 1809.
8 | Saturday 614/546] 8 7| King William III, of England, died, 1702.
E®) 3d Sunday in Lent. Luke 11. Day’s length, 11h. 31m.
9} Sunday | 613/547); 9 3 William Cobbett born, 1762.
10 | Monday 611|549)]1011) The Korty Martyrs of St. Sebaste, 320.
11 | Tuesday 610 | 5 50 | 1119 | First daily paper, ‘‘Dailvy Courant.” Br. 1702.
12 | Wednesday | 6 9/5 51 | morn| St. Gregory the Great, Pope, 604.
13 | Thursday 6 81] 5 52) 12 6 | Dise’ry of planet Uranus, by Herschel, 1781.
14 | Friday Gove eo) DS tov Andrew Jackson, born, 1767.
15 | Saturday 6 6|5 54] 155] Julius Cesar, assassinated, B. C., 44,
Ae oS SEN Ds Ee SSA SUR SL eta vn itis i ae
ER) 4th Sunday in Lent. John 6. Day’s length, 11h. 50m.

—

16 | Sumday | 6
17 | Monday
18 | Tuesday

5 55 2 46 Prince Hohenlohe’s miraculous cures, 1823.
6
6
19 | Wednesday | 6
6
5

3/5 57 | 3 38} St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland.

2/558 | 433] Edward, King and Martyr, 978.

He on Oran oe Vets Joseph’ Ss day.

20 | Thursday 0|6 01} sets | Vesta discovered, 1807.

21 | Friday 5 59/6 1] 650] Louisiana ceded to France, 1800.

22 | Saturday 508 |6 2; 742) J. W. von Goethe, Germ. Poet, died, 1832.

22) Sth Sunday in Lent. John 8. Day’s length, 12h. 06m.

23 | Sumday | 5 57/6 3); 8 36| Peter the Cruel, King of Castile, died, 1369.
24 | Monday 556|6 4}| 927 | Mahomet IT, born, 1430.
25 | Tuesday 5 54|6 6/1020] Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
26 | Wednesday | 553) 6 7 | 1110| Gov. Winthrop, died, 1640.
27 | Thursday 552 |6 8 | 1149 | Vera Cruz captured, 1847.
28 | Friday 5 51/6 9} morn} Planet Pallas, discovered, 1802.
29 | Saturday 5 50 | 610 |1246|] Mrs. Fitzherbert, died, 1837.
13) Palm Sunday. Matth. 21. Day’ Ss length, 12h. 22m.
|
Sumday | 549/611 | 139 | Dr. William Hotere died, 1783.
a Monday

5 48 | 6 12 2 44 Beethoven, died, 1827.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.— March 1, Parshot Sochor; 6, Purim:
22, Rosh Chodesh Nissan ; 23, Parshot Hashodesh ; 29, Sabbath Hagodol,

id RIGHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

4th Month. APRIL, | 30 Days.

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

MOON’S PHASES.

LENO EY (rOvoy ahi eae ta ne Looeniene Acer MeRMRE iat gale aE 5d. 4h. 4m. Morning.
IPE Vi GU CHR Re) Rta irene Siar ai nese So ¢ 12d. 5h. 33m. Morning.
INFERIOR tse mies eenres Lenton ts Riev end eens 2 AGE 4h. 45m. Morning.
IESE ROU ARLCT Yee eS lecalie 0 are Sch dient ston amen 26d. ilh. 31m. Evening.
DAY Sun Sun Moon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. | r. & s. ype
Month and Week. |} m./h. m. | bh. m. IMPORTANT EVENTS.
i | Tuesday 5 47 | 6 13 | 3 26 | Earthquake at Melbourne, 1871.
21 Wednesday | 5 46!614! 4 4: Jefferson, born, 1743.
3 | Thursday 5 45 |615| 448] Washington Irving, born, 1783.
4 | Friday 5 44/616] 5 21) Good Friday.
5 | Saturday | 5 438 | 617] rises | St. Irgernach, of Ireland, 550.
14) Easter Sunday. Mark. 16. Day’s length, 12h. 36m.
6|Sumday | 542/618) 745) Haster Sunday, hoe
7 | Monday 5 41/1619] 8 40 | St. Francis Xavier, Missionary, born, 1506.
8 | Tuesday 5 40 | 620; 9 26 | Louisiana admitted to the Union, 1812.
9 | Wednesday | 5 39 | 6 21 | 10 21 | Gen. R. E. Lee surrendered 1865.
10 | Thursday 5 38 | 6 22 | 1116] St. Bademus, Abbot Martyr, 376.
11 | Friday 5 37 | 6 23 | morn| Geo. Canning, born, 1770. |jSumter.
12 | Saturday 5 36 | 6 24 | 12 35 | First gun of Civil War fircd, 1861, at Fort
#5) ist Sunday after Easter. John 20. Day’s length, i2h. 50m.
13 | Sumday | 5 35 | 6 25 | 134] Sydney Lady Morgan, died, 1859.
14 | Monday 5.34 5)) 6 26 226 | Lincoln assassinated, 1865.
15 | Tuesday 5 88 | 6271 315]! Geo. Calvert. Lord Baltimore, died, 1632.
16 | Wednesday | 5 32 | 6 28 |} 3551! Battle of Culloden, 1746.
17 | Thursday 5 31 | 629 | 455 | Dr. Benjamin Franklin, died, 1799.
18 | Friday 5 30 | 6 30 | 5 40; Shakespeare born, 1564.
19 | Saturday 5 29%] 6 31) osets | Battle of Lexington, 1775.
16) 2d Sunday after Easter. John 10. Day’s length, 18h. 04m.
20 | Sunday 5 28 | 6 32 | 7111! &E. Barton, ‘Maid of Kent,” executed, 1534.
21 | Monday 5 27 | 6 33 | 8 14 | Confederate victory at Plymouth, N.C., 1863.
22 | Tuesday 5 26 | 6 34); 919 | Madam DeStael, born 1766.
23 | Wednesday | 5 25 | 6 35 | 10 20 | Shakespeare died, 1616,
24 | Thursday 5 24 | 6 36 | 11 22 | Oliver Cromwell, born, 1599.
25 | Friday 5 23 | 6 37 | morn| St. Mark’s Day.
26 | Saturday 5 22 | 6 38 | 12 38 | David Hume, born, 1711.
BY) 3d Sunday after Easter. John 16. Day’s length, 13h. 18m.
27 | Sunday AN eee) | 120, Sir Wm. Jones, Poet and Scholar, died, 1794.
28 | Monday 5 20 | 6 40 | 156 + Monroe, born, 1758.
29 | Tuesday 518 | 6 42 | 227 | King Kdward IV, of England, born, 1441.
30 | Wednesday | 5 17 | 6 43 | 250] Louisiana purchased from France by U.S.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.—April 5. and 6., First days of Pessach.
11. and 12., Last days of Pessach. 20, and 21., Rosh Chodesh Lyar.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

5th Month.

MAY. 31 Days.
Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.
MOON’S PHASES. ’
EIA NNGOM Rate eM eames ure ene, Oe RDS 4d. 3h. 48m. Evening.
ash Maree Hr aE Nails Ca aidan ey sag 1id 10h. 44m. Morning.
INKL Mere nee os ee ee ee 18d 2h. 58m. Afternoon.
TOTS hah UU GAR oR dR ra ee 26d 5h. 138m, Evening.
DAY Sun Sun Moon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. | r.& s. —OoFr—
Month, and Weeks ye aa) by. mt IMPORTANT EVENTS.
1 | Thursday 5 16 | 6 44 Bil St. Philip and St. James, Apostles.
2 | Friday 515 |6 45 | 424 | William Camden, born, 1551. ioe
3 | Saturday ; 514} 646) 4 59 Discovery of the Holy Cross, by St. Helena.
28) 4th Sunday after Easter. John. 16. Day’s length, 13h. 32m.
4| Sunday | 5 14 6 46] rises | Dr. Isaac Barrow, Ing. divine, died, 1677. |
5 | Monday El Salk G4) 7 58 Emperor Justinian, born, 482.
6 | Tuesday 5 12|648 | 915 | Humboldt, died, 1859.
7 | Wednesday | 5 11 | 6 49 | 10 24 | St. Benedict II, Pope, Confessor, 686.
8 | Thursday 5 10 | 6 50 | 11 16 | Stonewall Jackson, died, 1863.
9 | Friday 5 10| 650 | morn| Battle of Spottsylvania, 1864.
10 | Saturday 5 9| 6 51 | 12 39 | Pacific Railroad finished, 1869.
19) 5th Sunday after Easter. John 16. Day’s length, 13h. 44m.
11 | Sumday |5 8/652] 127) Madame Ricamire, died, 1849.
12 | Monday 5 7|653 |] 157) St. Paneras, Martyr, 304.
13 | Tuesday 5 Gi opto (2 ro Jamestown, Va., settled, 1607.
14 | Wednesday | 5 5/655! 3 1) . Battle of Crown Point, 1575.
15 | Thursday 5 5|655] 340] Ascension Day.
16 | Friday 5.4|656 | 410] Sir William Petty, born, 1623.
17 | Saturday 5 3 | 607 |) 4.40 . J. day, died, 1829.
20) 6th Sunday after Easter. John 15. Day’s length, 13h. 56m.
18 | Sumday | 5 2 1658 | sets Napoleon I, elected Emperor, 1804.
19 | Monday 5 2/658}; 8 0| St. Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury, 988.
20 | Tuesday 5 16.59 8 57 Hawthorn, died, 1864.
21 | Wednesday | 5 11/659| 955 | Columbus, died, 1506.
22 | Thursday 5 0} 7 0} 10 54) ‘Title of Baronet first conferred, 1611.
23 Friday 459 /}7 1) 1128 | Napoleon I, crowned King of italy, 1805.
24 | Saturday 458 |7 2); morn| Bishop Jewell, born, 1522.
21) Whit Sunday. John 14. Day’s length, 14h. 04m.
25 | Sunday | 458|7 2/12 23} Battle of Winchester, 1864,
26 | Monday 457 |7 3] 1 3] Fort Erie captured, 1813.
27 | Tuesday zy nly 1co3 Dante, poet, born, 1265.
28 | Wednesday | 456 |7 4) 2 3] Noah Webster, died, 1843.
29 | Thursday 456|7 4] 236) Paris burned, 1871.
30 | Friday 455|7 5| 3 8| Peter the Great of Russia born, 1672.
31 | Saturday ERS Dea ene 3 38 | Joan of Arc burned, 1431.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.--May 8., Lag Beomer.
25. and 26., Shebuoth.

20., Rosh Chodesh Sivan.

12 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

6th Month, JUNE. 380 Days.

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

MOON’S PHASES.

Dyna NT OOM oes 2k Oe ha he Ee eas eel aed eee 3d. ih. 14m. Morning.
rea Sinha bey hee ss Aer ch RS ea! 9d. 4h. 29m. Afternoon.
BN SUVaMOO Mest OTe soe Seachne escort aus are pas ‘ew ene 4h. 37m. Morning.
First Quarter ...... Bt Ait OM RCI one ata che ly 510 8h. 33m. Morning.
DAY | Sun Sun Moon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. |r. & 8. —oF—
Sed eeem (hemi be ana ae am. 7 IMPORTANT EVENS.
22, Trinity Sunday. John 3. Day’s length, 14h. 12m.
1|Sumday | 454/;7 6/| 410/| Battie of Seven Pines, 1862.
2 | Monday 45417 €| 445 | Battle of Cold Harbor, 1864.
3 | Tuesday 45317 71! rises | S. A. Douglas died, 1861.
4 | Wednesday | 453} 7 7 | 8 42 | Lord R. Dudley marr’d A. Robsart, 1550.
5 | Lhursday 45217 8} 941] Corpus Christi.
6 | Friday 452|7 8 | 1040] Surrender of Memphis, Tenn. 1862.
7 | Saturday 45117 91| 1139 | First American Congress at New Yor k, 1765.
23) ist Sunday after Trinity. Luke 16. Day’s length, 14h. 18m.

8 | Sunday | 451

11 | Wednesday | 4 50
12 | Thursday 4 50

1012 1 367) Sir sohn Franklin, died, 1847,

10 | 2060 | Harriet Martineau, Novelist, born, 1802.
13 | Friday 4 50 10 | 2 34! General Scott, born, 1786.

14 | Saturday 4 50 10 | 3 31| St. Basil the Great, 379.

i 9 nN

ASA SSRIS I

24) 2d Sunday after Trinity. Luke 14. Day’s length, 14h. 20m.
15 | Sunday | 450/710] 3 34) Magna Charter, 1215.

16 | Monday 4501710) 4 3| Edward I, of England, born, 1239.

17 | Tuesday A AQT oils seus Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.

18 | Wednesday | 4 49 | 711! 8 26; War declared against Great Britain, 1812.
19 | Thursday 449|711|] 922); Kearsage sunk-the Alabama, 1864.

20 | Friday 449 |711/1016| St. Silverius, Pope and Martyr, 538.

21 | Saturday 4488! ol?) 110/499) 3 An Ghonmy; Collins, born, 1676.

25) 3d igunday after Trinity. Luke 15, Day’ Ss length, ‘14h. 22m,
22 Sumida AAO sini elle 8 Nawioloon I, abdicated, 1815.

23 | Monday AAS ei Ah td 8854, bauble or Solferino, 1859.

24 | Tuesday 449|711] morn] Nativity of St. John the Baptist.

25 | Wednesday | 4 49 | 7 11 | 12 34 | Battle of Bannochburn.

26 | Thursday AN SOR eekU) 1 4] Dr. Philip Doddridge, born, 1702.

27 | Friday 450 |710/; 134] John Murray, Publisher, died, 1843.

28 | Saturday 450/710; 2 2) Queen Victoria, crowned, 1838.

26) - 4th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 14. Day’s length, 14h. 20m.

29 | Sunday [450 | 50
30 | Monday 4 50

hod 0] 2 2 40 St. Peter the Apostle, 68.
710+ 310! Bishop Gavin Dunbar, died, 1547.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—3630. —June 18 and 19, Rosh Chodesh Tamuz,

fOR THE SOUTHERN STATS. 13

PLS Ee ee EE I ary Se eV STUN mB ERS VSL, PROPER Sy neo OS ee EEO SOO EP Pd Adon SEO RVers eDOCS ones

7th Month. JULY: 31 Days.

alban: <comiin -dbroe bel heap onae* nsipinsaitaneneucne bested salon abate po neaatsnRieaabstwanas iets neethie tte heats ntieienacanbeee <tc inmeiintshbin nbn timln tintin

as < ee ttn cinta ate ASA SPOR NaASSL inane Ae nenh nlibctieiAne shih minha ines mente henner |e ad

IP UCURL VOM Sleek eh tebhe siele be ster ea ne aoa aie 2d. 9h, 3m. Morning.

HAS ArLORT Satis lagi «5 y acaleaeeetn i Bes tol0 1th. 23m. Evening.

New Moon.... ..... NBT pee sity auccene 16d. 6h. 52m. Evening. *°

Pins Owanver = 3) pies east. e- EL ACUR Se ee a 24d. 9h. 24m. Evening.

BP INEO OM Ciera, seis Ty Ie as eR UN ANGE erty /9 aE ae ee 31d. 4h. 4m. Evening.
DAY Sun Sun Moon CHRONOLOGY

—or—

OF
Month and Week. IMPORTANT EVENTS.

1 | Tuesday | 4 50 | 7 10 Battle of Malvern Hill, 1862.

2 | Wednesday | 451/17 9! rises! Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

3 | Thursday 451|/7 9| 848] Quebec founded, 1608.

4 | Friday SoBe We Pera aA Us Independence of the United States, 1776.

9 | Wednesday | 453 | 7 7) morn| Zachary Taylor, died, 1850),

10 |. Thursday 45317 7.| 1223 | John Calvin, theologian, born, 1509.

11 | Friday Avb4 | 7 (6.1) 12-43) | SiiQ. Adams, born, 1767.

12 | Saturday A basi g NG il Teal Robt. Stevenson, engineer, etc., died, 1850.
2%) 6th Sunday after Trinity. Matth. 5. Day’s length, 14h. 10m.
13 | Sumday | 455|7 5] 151) Pope, John III, died, 573.

14 | Monday 456|7 4) 253; John Hunter, eminent surgeon, born, 1728.
15 | Tuesday 456|7 4) 3 54) St. Swithin’s Day.

16 | Wednesday | 457 | 7 31} sets | Great riot in New York city, 1863.

17 | Thursday 457;}7 3] 8 6| Dog days begin.

18 | Friday 458;}7 2| 8 36 | St. Symphorosia and 7 sons, Martyrs, 120.
19 | Saturday 4569/7 1] 911) St. Vincent de Paul, confessor, 1660.

29) 7th Sunday after Trinity. Mark. 8. Day’s length, 14h. 02m.
20 | Sumday |459/7 1); 935 (Coated: Congress at Richmond, 1861.

21 | Monday 5 0/7 0110 3| Battle of Bull Run, 1861.

22 | Tuesday 5 1) 6 59 | 10 32 | Urania discovered, 1824.

23 | Wednesday | 5 1/|659{|11 21 First Olympiad, 776, B.C.

24 | Thursday 5 2} 6 58 | 11 33 | Curran, born, 1750.

25 | Friday 5 2{]6 58 | morn| St. James the Great.

26 ayaa day Fhe o or uy holed Flood at Pittsburg, 1874.

30) “sth euamday after Trinity. Matth. 7. Day’s length, 13h. 52m.
27 | Sunday | Bl he po.) as eadiantic cable laid, aes.

28 | Monday |5 4|656| 126] Battle before Atlanta Ga., 1864.

99 | Tuesday |5 5/655 | 222) Albert I. Emp. of Germany, born, 1289.

30 | Wednesday | 5 6,654) 319 | Westfield Explosion, N. ¥. Harbor, 1871.

31 | Thursday 5 | 6 53 | rises | St. Ignatius Loyola, died, 1556.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts,—5650.—July 18, Rosh Chodesh Ab. 27, Tisho beab,

14 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

8th Month. ASIGUST: 31 Days.

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

MOON’S PHASES.

TURE SCO TPE UE 12) Seen. 9 ee ei Si a Re a ge) P ay ee 7d. Sh. 58m. Morning.
New Moon.... Me Met A ee ee ee aN Sees 76 18 10h. 59m. Morning.
Pyrci OU AIeT ee be oes Bees at Gee ee ate cw aolde 7h. 59m. Morning.
HallGVioow 22. 2 sk. ay Se ice atta, eee .. 29d. lih. 15m. Evening.
| a | SS SSS SS Ss
DAY gan’ | san sfarpon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. |r: & 8. Yom
pee antd Woee > | meres] ani |e an IMPORTANT EVENTS.

1 | Friday | 5 7/653) 8 7 Harriet Lee, Novelist, died, 1851.

2| Saturday 15 816521 846! Mehemed Ali, Pasha of Egypt, died, 1849.
3H) 9th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 16. Day’s length, 13h. 42m.

53| Sunday |5 9/651!) 916) Crown Point taken, 1759.

4 | Monday | 510/650) 944); John Banim, frish Novelist, died, 1842.

5 | Tuesday /511)649 1917) First Atlantic Cable landed, 1858.

6 | Wednesday | 5 12 | 6 48 | 10 47 | Transfiguration of our Lord.

7 | (hursday | 513 6 47 | 1115) Leonidas. Spartan Hero, slain 480, B. C.

8 | Friday 514 6465 1140, Fr. Hutcheson, Moral Phil., born, 1694.

g | Saturday | 5 15 | 6 45) morn| Isaac Walton, born, 1593.

32) 10th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 19. Day’s length, 13h. 28m.
10 | Sumday | 516! 6 44! 1247 | Battle of Weisenburg, 1870.

» g 2

11 | Monday |} 517 | 643) 1 45 | Viscount Rowland Hill, born, 1772.
12 | Tuesday 15 18 | 6 42 |. 2 2 | Pope Gregory IX, died, 1241.
13 | Wednesday | 5 19 | 6 41 | 3 1) Earthquake in Scotland, 1816.
14 | Thursday 519 641) 342)! G. Coleman, the elder, Dramatist, died, 1794.
15 | Friday 5 20 | 6 40 | sets | Ascension oz the Blessed Virgin Mary.
16 | Saturday | 5 21 | 6 39j| 7 40 | Battle of Bennington, 1777.

$3) 1lith Sunday after Trinity. Luke 18. Day’s length, 13h. 16m.
17| Sunday | 522/638! 8 8/| Frederick the Great. died, 1786.
18 | Monday | 5 23 | 6387 | 8 34 | John Earl Russell, born, 1792.
19 | Tuesday '524|636| 9 5! Battle of Gravelotte, 1870.
20} Wednesday | 5 25 | 6 35 | 945) Robert Herrick, English Poet, born, 1591.
21 | Thursday | 5 26 6 341021) Lady Mary Wortley Montague, died, 1762.
22 | Friday Py ae a 0 ee F. J. Gall, founder of phrenology, ee
23 | Saturday | 5 28 | 6 32/11 40| Wallace, beheaded, 1305. [1828.
24) 12th Sunday after Trinity. Mark 7. Day’s length, 13h. 02m.
24 | Sunday | 5 29 | 6 31 | morn| St. Bartholomew, Apostle.
25 | Monday /5 30 6 30) 1251 | 25th or 27th, Landing of Cesar in England,
96 | Tuesday 5 iSis| 6,294) 0-56 | Sir Rob. Walpole born, 1676. [55 B. C
27 | ee iy | 5°32 16 28 34 | Bae of Long Island, 1776.
98 ursday | 5 33 | 6 27 | 4 12 og days end.

29 | Friday | 5 34 | 6 26 | rises John Locke, Philosopher, pores 1632.

30 | Saturday | 5 35 | 6 25 | 7 20/ Union defeat at Richmond,

33) 13th Sunday aiter Trinity. Luke 10. Day’s length, 12h. 48m.

1 | Sunday | 5 36 | 6 24 | | 7 52 | John Bunyan, died, 1683.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.—August 1., Chamisho Osor.
16, and 17., Rosh Chodesh Elul.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 15

~———_____—_.

9th Month. SEPTEMBER. 30 Daye

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

MOON’S PHASES.

UPS StPU( 0): Fr 21 yn ee at 5d. 10h. 9m. Evening.
Naw MOUUisies 6.8 yes sd Sony ha Ree PG Aatk h, 14d. 2h. 33m. Morning.
TMS GS SL GREyS Ove) Vo an A ee 21d. 4h. 45m. Evening.
TAD MOCLENORN GY a Rk cid a pas a Rls Sobes's 28d. 7h. 39m. Morning.
DAY Sun Sun Moon CHRONOLOGY
OF rises sets r.&s8 ery
Se ar coral uliRt-optti: yltiyfrm, he h.-ma. IMPORTANT EVENTS.
i | Monday 5 37|623| 8 20| Navoleon III, captured at Sedan, 1870.
2 | Tuesday 5 88 | 622} 8 50| Great fire in London, 1666.
3 | Wednesday | 5 40! 6 20 | 9 22} Cromwell died, 1658.
4 | Thursday 5 42 | 6 18 | 955) Pindar, Lyric poet, 518, B...C.
5 | Friday | 5 438 | 617 | 10.31 | Confederates entered Maryland, 1862.
6 | Saturday 5 44!61611116! Geo. Alex. Stevens, writer, died, 1784.
$6) 14th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 17. Day’s length, 12h. 36m.
7| Sumday | 5 45|}615 |) morn! Independence of Brazil, 1822.
8 | Monday 5 46 | 6 14 | 12 25 | Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.
9 | Tuesday 5 47/613 | 1257| James LV, of Scotland, killed, 1513.
10 | Wednesday | 5 48 | 6 12 | 154} Mungo Park, African Traveler, born, 1771.
11 | Thursday 549) 611, 248; James Thomson, poet, born, 1700.
12 | Friday 651)6 9) 3 34] St. Guy, Confessor, 11th century.
13 | Saturday 5 52 | 62 8) 4, 2 Sir Wm. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, born, 1520.
37) 15th Sunday after Trinity. Matth. 6. Day’s length, 12h. 14m.
14| Sumday | 553); 6 71 sets | Uprising of the Poople of New Orleans against the ps Sano
15 | Monday 5541/6 6! 7 9{| Capture Harper’s Ferry” by St’ll Jackson,’62.
16 | Tuesday 555 |6 5| 7441 Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, died, 1736.
17 | Wednesday | 5 56/}6 4{| 810] Battle of Antietam, 1862.
18 | Thursday 557; € 3} 8 41 | Gilbert Bishop Burnet, historian, born, 1648.
19 | Friday 55816 2] 915 | First Battle of Paris, 1870.
20 | Saturday 5 58 | 6 2] 1029) Alexander the Great, born, 356, B. C.
38) i6th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 7. Day’s length, 12h. 02m.
1 | Sumday (|559/6 1/1051] St. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist.
22. | Monday Gi eG, Otis 5d Beginning of Autumn.
23 | Tuesday 6 1{|559 | morn| Wm. Uncott, Manusce. Collec., died, 1845.
24 | Wednesday | 6 21/5 58 | 12 56| Pepin, King ‘of France, 768.
25 | Thursday 6 3|557| 2 6| Pacific Ocean discovered, 1513.
26 | Friday 6 4|5 56! 319) Saints Cyprian and Justina, Martyrs, 304.
27 | Saturday 6 5|5 55 | 431] Strassburg fell, 1870.
39) 17th Sunday after Trinity. Luke 14. Day’s length, 11h. 48m.
298 | Sunday | 6 6 | 5 54] rises | Sir Wm. Jones, Oriental Scholar, born, 1746
299 | Monday |6 7|553| 712| Michaelmas Da ay.
30 | Tuesday |6 8/552] 745 | Yorktown invested, 1781.

’ Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5650.—September 15. and 16., Rosh Hashonoh 5651.
' 17.,Zom Gedaljah. 24., Yom Kippur. 29. and 30,, First days Suckoth.

16 RICHARD FEOTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL
10th Month. tees aa. 31 Days
Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.
MOON’S PHASES
MSE UA EEGT <<. nk alent kee ee ee ee ree 5d 2h. 43m. Afternoon.
Wie OG 3c 3 Rie 3 I a OS Ce ee Cees i3d 5h. 45m. Evening.
PEST CoUAEteL. (cess | Ge RS ea ae 2id. 12h. 16m. Morning.
BON OON eens ei os We Fe SE ee eee 27d 6h. 21m. Evening.
DAY Sun Sun Moon : CHRONOLOGY
OF rises. sets. | Tr. &8. ; Hae, aod
Seen and Week A) i. eae) Tosa, mn | IMPORTANT EVENTS.
1 | Wednesday | 6-49 | 5 51 | 8 17 | Fulton’s first Steamboat trip, 1807.
2| Thursday |610] 5 50 | 8 57 | André executed asa spy, 1780.
3 | Friday | 611/549] 939] Black Hawk, died, 1838.
4) Saturday | 612) 5 48 | 10 25 | Battle of Germantown, 1777.
| | :
4%) 18th Sunday after Trinity. Matth. 22. Day’s lengtL, lih. 32m.
5 | Sunday | | 6 14 | 5 46 | 1i 15 | Horace Walpole, born, 1717.
6 | Monday |615 | 5 45 | morn| Jenny Lind, born, 1820.
7 | Tuesday '616 5 44/1217) Margaret, Maid of Norway, died, 1290.
8 | Wednesday 617 5 43) 124! Battle of Perryville, Ky., 1862.
9 | Thursda; | 6 18 | 5 42 | 2 99 | Great fire in Chicago, i871.
10 | Friday | 619 | 541) 347) Benjamin West, Painter, born, 1738.
11 | Saturday | 6 20) 5 40 | 433) America discovered, 1492.
4A) 19th ee after Trinity. Matth. 9. Day’s length, 11h. 18m.
12| Sunday 6 21 | 539 | 5 8! St. Wilfrid, Bishop of New York, 709.
13 | Monday 6 23 | 5 37 | sets.| Battle of Queenstown, 1812.
4 | Tuesday | 6 24) 5 36} 655) Battle of Jena, 1806.
15 | Wednesday | 6 25 | 5 35 | 7 7) Virgil, Latin Poet, born, 70 B. C.
i6.| Thursday | 6 26 | 5 34 | 738 {| Marie Antoinette beheaded, 1793.
17 | Friday | 6 27 5 33; 818; Burgoyne surrendered, 1777. :
18 | Saturday |6 28 532) 915 Last State Lottery drawn in England, 1826.
2) 20th Sunday after Trinity Matth. 22. Day’s length, 11h. 02m.
19 | Sunday te 29 5 31 /10 13 | Cornwallis surrendered, 1781.
20 | Monday | 6 30} 5 30} 1111) M. Dahl, Swed. Portrait Painter, died, 1743.
21 | Tuesday | 6 31 | 5 29 | morn; Battle of Trafalgar, 1805.
22 | Wednesday | 6 32 | 5 28 | 12 22 | Charles Martel, died, 741.
23 | Thursday | 6 33 | 5 27 |,1 37 Dr. John Jortin, Critic, born, 1698.
94 | Friday | 6 34 | 5 26) 244! Daniel Webster, died, 1852.
25 | ee VE apa eae Me pare Dr. James Beattie, Poet, born, 1735.
43) 2ist Sunday Mies Tr rinity. Toha 4, Day’s length, 10h. 4sm.
26 Sumday 6 36 524 453 Hogarth, died, 1765.
27 | Monday 6 57 5 23 rises Cuba discovered, 1492.
28 | Tuesday 6 38 5 22) 6 27) Battle at White Plains, 1776.
29 | Wednesday | 6:39 5 21) 7 1) Surrender of Metz, 1870.
a0 | Thursday 640 520) 7 45 Solomon’ s Temple dedicated, 1004 B. C.
1 | Friday 641/519; 826 All Hallow Eve.

Jewish Foodvals and Fasts.—5651.—October 5, Hashaino Rabo.
7, Simchas Thora.

5, Shemini Azereth.
14 and 15, Rosh Chodesh Mar cheschwan.

11th. Month.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STAT RS, 17

NOVEMBER. 30 Days.

Calculated for the en of the Southern States.

sso — $$ ad

MOON’S 5 PHASES.

TASH OUADEOR aL Lt ar. cart Oke et ae meee oe erate Ad. 10h. 53m. Morning.
Oe OI ME RIN Ww, hosel ates at ea Sas et, Bence 12d. 8h. 17m. Morning.
AEM MATEO neti. oot Asis es wlaleidl salah kbc late & Aisials 7h. 24m. Morning.
Full NVIGKOL I ces, ciameener tet So 2 SPE a ae ca Vea nie 26d. 8h. 2m. ae
DAY — '| Sun | Sun | Moon CHRONOLOGY
‘, OF . rises. sets. |r. & s. i
Te ae aera Ni ch hb. m. IMPORTANT EVENTS.

h. m. |

.1 | Saturday. | 6 49 | 5 18 | 9 21

44) 22d Sunday after Trinity.

SE een

OTOL OUOT Or oren
fat ek et et pet pk
Do co HR O1oIod =]

10 12
11 24
morn
LAO
12 47
1 37
2 26

45) 23d Sunday after Tr Eee

54.

All Saints Day. |

Matth. 18. Day’s length, 10h. 34m.

All Souls Day.

Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, 1148.
George Peabody, died, 1869.

The PUmancan 74 launched, 1782.

’ Battle of Port Royal, 1861.

John Kyrle, ‘The Man of Ross,” died, 1724.
Cortez entered Mexico, 1519.

Matth. 22. Day’s length, 10h. 22m.

Cro1r cer ocr1 cicero
AOoOnwaovocore

—— —.

Great fire in Boeton 1872.

Mahomet, Arabian Prophet, born, 570.
Martinmas.

Sherman left Atlanta, 1864.

French entered Vienna, 1805.

Sir Chas. Lyell, Geologist, born, 1797.

John Keppler, great Astronomer, died, 1630,

46) 24th Sunday after Trinity.

16 | Sunday | 6 55
17 | Monday 6

o6 |

OT OT OT OT OT OF OF

5
4
3
3
2
1
0

9 10
10 11
11 26
morn
aA |
12 47

1 52

sb ——

Matth. 9. Day’s length, 10h. 10m.

Tiberius, Roman Emperor, born, 42 B. C.
Suez Canal opened 1869.

Fort Lee taken by the British, 1776.

St. Elizabeth of Hungary, Widow, 1231.
Thomas Chatterton, Poet, born, 1752.
Presentation of the Blessed Virgin.
Professor Dugald Stewart, born, 1753.

4&7¢) 25th Sunday after Trinity.

Maat 24. _ . Day’s length, 10h, 0511,

23 | Sunday
24 | Monday

25 | Tuesday

26 | Wednesday
27 | Thursday
28 | Priday

29 | Saturday

NINN
moo wb poe

4 59
4 58
4 58
4 57
4 57
4 57
4 56

3 10
4 20
5 40
rises

48%) ist Sunday in Advent,

Th. Hcniderton. “Prot of Astron., died, 1844,
Battle of Lookout Mountain, 1863.
Evacuation of New York, 1783.

John Elwes, noted: Miser, died, 1789.

Steam Printing, 1814.

Washington Erving, died, 1859.

Sir Philip Sidney, Poet, “born, 1554.

Matth. 21. | Day’ Ss length, 09h. 52m.

| | :
30 | Sunday aes | 4 56 | 8 49 | U.S. took possession of Louisiana, 1803.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5631.—-November 13., Rosh Chodesh Kisley,

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

12th Month.

DECEMBER. 31 Days.

Calculated for the Latitude of the Southern States.

MOON’S PHASES.

astu@uavrien =<. ies" ss ge Ce ae eee 4d. Sh. 6m. Morning.
WE WENE GOR ec oe ee oe ee Stee Bae lid. 9h. 50m. Evening.
ESE MOUAMO Ets ae-te Soka Sa ee eee 18d. 3h. 16m. Evening.
Full Moon. .....: Rey SRD 4: SY Se eee 26d. 12h. 37m. Morning.
DAY | Sun | Sun | Moon CHRONOLOGY.
OF ea) rises. seis. | tr. &s. sal ie

i ee |b. m. | bh. me. | B. m. | IMPORTANT EVENTS..

1 | Monday Tit 455 | 9 47 | Princess A. Comnena, Historian, born, 1083.
2 | Tuesday 7 6 | 4541] 10 47 | Hernan Cortez, died, 1547.

3 | Wednesday | 7 6 | 4 54 | 11 40 | Robert Bloomfield, Poet, born, 1776.

4 | Thursday | 7 7 | 453 | morn; Pope John XXII, died, 1334.

5 | Friday i 7 7 |4 53 | 12 24] Carlyle, born, 1795.

6 | Saturday (7 7:4453! 1231! St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra, 342.

49) 2d Sunday in Advent. Luke 21. Day’s length, 09h. 44m.
7 | Sunday |7 8/452 222) Cicero, Roman orator, assassinated, 43 B. C.
2) Monday 7 8} 452 321! Immaculate Conception of Blessed Virgin.

Tuesday |7 8|452, 420 | Milton, born, 1608.

10 | Wednesday | 7 9/451) 519{ Louis Napoleon, elected President, 1848.

li | Thursday 7 9|45i) sets | Louis, Prince of Conde, died 1686.

12 | Friday 7 9|451) 539] St. Columba, Abbot in Treland, 584.

13 | Saturday 7 9|451. 639| Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862.

30) 3d Sunday in Advent. Matth. 11. Day’s length, 09h. 49m.

14 | Sunday 710) 450) 7 48 | Washington, died, 1799.

15 | Monday 710 | 450! 857); David Don, Botanist, died, 1841.

16 | Tuesday | 710 |450 1011; Great Fire in New York, 1835.

17 | Wednesday | 710 450 / 11 22; Ludw. Beethoven, emin. comp., born, 1770.

18 | Thursday 7 il 449) morn| St. Winebald, Abbot and Confessor, 760.

19 | Friday 711 | 449);12 0] Capt. W. Ed.-Parry, Aret. Nav., born, 1790.

20 | Saturday 711 )}449! 1 6} Secession ord. passed in S. Carolina, 1860.
oh) 4th Sunday in Advent. John 1. Day’s length, 09h. 36m.

21 | Sunday $712 448); 214! St. Thomas, Apostle.

22 | Monday 711,449) 316) Emp. Vitellius, beheaded at Rome, 69 A. D.

23 | Tuesday Calta 49.) 4.26 Newton, born, 1642.

24 | Wednesday | 711 449) 5 21! Treaty of Ghent, 1814.

25 | Thursday | 711/449) 610) Nativity of our Lord. Christmas Day.

26 | Friday |7 10,450) rises} Battle of Trenton, 1776. ‘

27 | Saturday 710/450) 613) St. John, Apostie and Evangelist.

82) Sunday after Christmas. Luke 2. Day’s length, 09h. 40m.

28 | Sunday 17101450] 710 | Macauley, died, 1859.

29 | Monday Pia | 451} 811: Union repulsed at Vicksburg, Miss., 1862.

30 | Tuesday |7 91451] 9 91] Titus, Roman Emperor, born, 41 A. D.

31 | Wednesday |7 9 | 451 |10 5] Battle of Murfreesboro, 1862.

Jewish Festivals and Fasts.—5651.—December 7., Chanukah.
12., Rosh Chodesh Thebet.

‘

PEREECTION HEARTWELL CELERY.

BEST OF ALL
BUSH BEANS.

GREASE BACK
POLE BEANS.

x ey vm,

SOUTHERN. CASHAW PUMPKIN.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, | . | 19)

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

The size depends upon the purposes for which it is intended; whether the
family is large or small, and the time which can be devoted to its cultivation. The
most suitable, ‘soil for.a garden is a light loam. When the soil is too heavy, it
ought to be made light by applying stable manure, and working up the ground
thoroughly. ‘Prenching - as done in Kurope, or North, ‘is not advisable, at least
where there i is any cocoa, as by trenching the roots of this pest will get so deeply
incorporated with the soil that trouble will be met with afterwards to gét rid of it.
Exposure towards the east is desirable. If there are one or more large trees in
the garden, or on the immediate outside, their shade can be used in which to sow
Celery, Cabbage and other seeds during the hot summer months, which will be an
advantage. The seed beds for this purpose should beso ar Se as to receive only
the morning or evening sun. It is of the greatest importance that the ground
should be well drained, otherwise it will be impossible to raise good vegetables,
The most reliable manure for general purposes is well decomposed stable or “barn-
yard manure. Cow manure will suit best for light, sandy soil, and horse manure’
for heavy, stiff clay lands. For special purposes, Peruvian Guano, Blood Ferti-
lizer, Raw Bone, Cotton Seed Meal and other commercial manures may be’ em-
ployed with advantage. Of late years most gardeners who work their land with a
plow, use Cow peas as a fertilizer with excellent result. They are sown broad-cast
at the rate of 14 bushels to the acre, and when large enough they are turned under.
Where the land is very sandy, cotton seed meal has the most lasting effect. For
quick growing crops, such as Melons, Cucumbers, etc., the Blood Fertilizer and
Guano applied in the hills are very good. Soap suds are good for Celery; it is as-
tonishing to perceive the difference in the size of those stalks which are watered
every few days with the suds, and others on the same ground which are not. Wood
ashes are best for Peas, either used as a top dressing when the Peas just. come out
of the ground, or else sprinkled in the rows when planted. The New Orleans mar-
ket gardeners raise as fine vegetables as can be produced anywhere ; in fact, some
varieties cannot be excelled, and very few gardeners use anything but stable
manure, .

Rotation of Crops is another important item. Beets, Carrots and other
roots should not be grown in succession on the same ground, but should be changed
to those which grow above ground, such.as Lettuce, Beans, Peas, ete. Good seed,
good ground and good cultivation are essential in order to raise good vegetables,
When plants.are up, the ground should be stirred frequently ; weeds ought not to
be suffered to go into seed, but should be destroyed as soon as they appear. Hoe-
ing and working the young crops during dry weather is very beneficial because the
weeds are then easily killed, and hoeing the ground will make it retain moisture
better than if it were left alone.

50 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

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REL ee

THE HOt Bis:

Owing to the open winters in the South, hot beds are not so much used as in
the North, except to raise such tender plants as Ege-Plants, Tomatoes and Pep-
pers. There is little forcing of vegetables done here, except as regards Cucumbers
and Lettuce; and, if we do not have any hard frosts, the latter does better in the
open ground than under glass. To makea hot bedisa very simple thing. Any
one who has.the use of tools can make the wooden frame; the sashes may be ob-
tained from any sash factory. I consider a woolen frame from five to six feet wide
and ten feet six inches longavery good size. It should be at least six inches higher
at the back than in the front, and covered by three sashes 34x5 feet. The manure
ought not to be over one month old; it should be thrown together in a heap, and
when commencing to heat, be worked over with a fork, and all the long and short
manure evenly mixed. In this State the ground is generally low, and to retain the
heat of the manure for a longer time it is best to put the manure on top of the
ground--that is, make a bank two feet longer and two feet wider than the frame.
Keep the edges straight and the corners firm ; when thrown up about eighteen inches
trample the manure down to six or eight inches, then put on another layer of eigh-
teen inches and trample down again; place thereon the frame and sash, and fill in
six inches of good earth. After about five days stirthe ground to kill the weeds
which may have come up, then sow theseeds. In lower Louisiana the ground is
too wet to dig out eighteen inches deep, throw in the manure and trample down as
recommended in the North; by a few hard rains, such as we frequently have in
winter, the manure would become so soaked beneath the ground that the heat
would be gone. Another advantage, when the frame is put above the ground, is,
that it will go down with the manure gradually, and there remains always the same
space between the glass and the ground. If the ground is dug out and the manure
put into the frame, the ground will sink down so low, after ashort time, that the sun
will have little effect upon it, and plants will become spindly.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 21

SOWING SEEDS.

Some seeds are sown at once where they are to remain and mature. Others
are sown in seed bedsand transplanted afterwards. Seeds should be covered ac-
cording to their sizes, a covering of earth twice the size of the seed is about the max-
imum. Some seeds, such as Beans, Corn and Peas, can be covered from one to two
inches, and they will come up well. Here is a difference again: Wrinkled Peas
and Sugar Corn have to be covered lighter and more carefully than Marrowfat
Peas or the common varieties of Corn. It depends upon the nature of the soil, sea-
son of the year, etc. For instance, in heavy wet soils seeds have to be covered
lighter than in sandy light ground. Seeds which are sown during summer in the
open ground, such as Beets and Carrots, should be soaked over night in water and
rolled in ashes or plaster before sowing; they will come up quicker. When they
are sown in a seed bed, the ground should be light enough not to bake after a
rain. Some varieties of seeds require shade when sown during the summer, such
as Cauliflower, Celery and Lettuce. Care should be taken to have the.shade at
least three feet from the ground, and shade only after the sun has been on the bed
_ for two or three hours; and remove again early in the afternoon, so the plants may
- become sturdy. If too much shaded they will be drawn up, long-legged, and not
fit to be set out in the open ground. The most successful cabbage planters in this
neighborhood sow their seeds in the open ground, towards the end of July and dur-
ing August, and give them no shade but water, and keep the ground moist from
the day of sowing till the plants are transplanted. Seeds should be sown thinly
in the seed bed. If plants come up too thickly they are apt to damp off.

Lettuce seed should be sprouted during the hot months before sowing, accord-
ing to directions given for June.

To sow Turnips on a large scale during late summer and early fall months, the
ground should be prepared in advance, and the seed sown just before or during a
rain. Small pieces of ground, of course, can be sown at any time and watered
afterwards. For covering all kinds of seeds, a fork is preferable to a rake; with
either implement, care must be taken not to cover the seeds too deep. Beans, Peas
and Corn are covered with the hoe. Some fine seeds, such as Thyme or Tobacco,
are covered enough when pressed with the back of the spade to the ground. The
seedsman is often blamed for selling seeds which have not come up, when the
same are perfectly good; but, perhaps, through ignorance the party by whom they
were sown, placed them too deep or too shallow in the ground, or the ground may
have been just moist enough to swell the seeds, and they failed to come up. At
other times washing rains after sowing beat the ground and form a crust that the
seeds are not able to penetrate, or, if there is too rnuch fresh manure in the ground,
it will burn the seed, and destroy its vitality.

When seeds, such as Beans, Cucumbers, Melons and Squash, are planted before
itis warm enough, they are very apt to rot if it rains. °

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Seeds requisite to produce a given number of Plants and sow a given
amount of ground,

Quantity
per acre.
Artichoke, 1 oz. to 500 plants. ¥ Ib.
Asparagus, 1.0z. to -00 plants. ) lbs.
Barley : . 244 bu
Beans, dw arf, ] quart to 150 feet of drill. a A
i Beans, pole, 1 quart to 200 hills. _.. ee ES Ase
Beet, garden, 1 oz. to 100 feet of drill....... 10 lbs
~ Beet, Mangel, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. ..... Gaus
SBLOCCOlin Woz. tors, OOO planGsiae. - ne sacle 5 OZ
Broom Corn. 10 lbs
Brussels Sprouts, ! 02. to 8, 000 plants. 5 OZ
IU Ckawih@a tiers) sees eat ts ale aes ygbu
*Cabbage,- | 0z. to 3, 000 plants SE oor d OZ.
Carrot, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill . . 24% lbs
*Cauliflow er, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants... ..... DN OZ
*Celery, 1 oz. to 10,000 plants Ba pi oan ai Aen cs
Clover, Alsike and White Dutch. 6 lbs
«« Lucerne, Large.Red & Crimson

Preto esse wer. Ree Ne rae .8 Ibs.

Ee, MEA NEC CAUUTINY 2 Sapa au ata rene re ese 10 Ibs.
*Collards, 1 oz. to 2, 500 Saas Laie wLORROZS
Corn, sweet, 1 quart to 500 hills . 8 qts.
Cress, 1 oz. to 156 feet of drill 8 lbs
Cucumber, | oz. tu 80 hills eis i son (IAS
Egg Plant, 1 oz. to 2,000 plants.. ... OR OZ
Endive, 1 oz. to 300 feet of drill - 3 Ibs.
Flax, broadcast. , daa ee Von Ul.
Gourd, Voz: tos hills=-. )..03.00e.. 26 lbs
. Grass, Blue Kentucky. 2. bu.
: ‘* Blue English Sips ear Cate I eae,
ay Hungarian ad Millete 44 sy i oe

‘- Mixed Lawn. SLINGS

“ Orehard, Perennial Rye, Red Top,

Fow! Meadow and Wood Meadow iow iss

Quantity
per acre
roe bulbs, 1 ib. to 10 feet of drill .
mp.. : Vy bu.
Teste 1 oz. to 3, 000 plants) mies maces 4 02,
Kohl- Rabi, 1 oz. to 200 feet of drill.. 1Yelbs
Leek, lez.'to 250 feet of drill. 2 AEes
Lettuce, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill ... Reet Poh wen
Melcn, Musk, 1 oz. to 100 hills ... Wecptee 2 ogee
Melon, Water, ! oz. to 25 hills IA ae
Nasturtium. 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill . LO EES’
Oats. -.. ee Se 2144 bu
Okra, 1 02. to 50 feet of drill ; 10 lbs
Onion Seed, 1 oz to 200 feet of drill. AE
See PLOTE SEES tra Seen OCs eee OS
Onion Sets, | quart to 20 feet of drill. 8 bu.
Parsnip, | oz. to 250 feet of drill ........ 5 Ibs.
Parsley, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill .. rs ccs
Peas, garden, 1 quart to 150 feet of drill... 1% bu
ae field MRS Yoda Ce 24 ee
Pepper, 1 oz. to 1,500 plants. Uaioe afer enue 4° OZ.
POtatOes. sek une eee ee ep eee 10 bu.
Pumpkin, t quart to 300 hills 4 qts
Radish, ! oz. to 150 feet of drill eee LSe
VS gta etn at oom Sues War ae Mee cn ikee 0 avec keane 14 bu.
-Salsiiy, ‘1 oz. to 60 feet of drill. _ 8 lbs.
Spinach, oZ..to lOO feehomdrills-ss5-ee Toe
Summer Savory, 1 oz. to 500 feet of drill.. 2 *
Squash, summer, 1 oz. to 40 hills Le ere D betes
aS winter, 1 oz. to 10 hills Be gs eee os
Tomato, | 0Z. to 3,000 plants. iat Ace RE aE OES
Tobacco, 1 0z. to 5,000 plants _......... 2 eae
Turnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill ... -e-- Libs,
Metehe@sziisscur Woes. oy Reese 5 is 2 bu.
Wheat hor seco “1 to2 aR

* The above calculations are made for sowing in the spring; josie the summer ont requires
_double the quantity to give the same amount of plants.

Number of Plants or Trees to the Acre at given distances.

Dis. apart. No. Plants. Dis. apart. No. Plants. | Dis. apart. nee Plants. No. Plants.
2 foot matemerns Apes 174,240 | 3 feet by 3 feet.... 4,840 | “6 feet. 1,210 12 feet.. Re cn me ile
_ 43,560 | 4 1 foot.... 10,888 | 7 BNE tte eve Beer B39: [15 0: i) tie eee 193
14 feet ee RN 19,360 | 4 -2 feet.... 5,444 | San rat reese ead as G80 (18 > Sas eee Weeks (3:
pW eae oe 10,890 | 4 <* eo OD, OE ras eh Sie ERE SOO a pe erate ae ti. 33 108
Dg 6,969 |} 4 “« LIN. AWD) OP | 10s oho ee 435 iS pace ED 69
3 feet by 1 foot.... 14,520/5 Br Ge aL POMC MIN y: eee ke ieee 360 | 3 30 CONAN SP a 49
oN ee 2 feet.. 7,260 |
Standard Weight of Various Articles,
APDICS:. s. « per bush. 48 lbs. ONTONS Se eee eee eee per bush. 54 Ibs.
aes Ghats wad eee OL: 99) es Ye); Koa ea AN Se ene ne Se CRY MS ool ee 60 <<
JE AEA ANG Se obese Tay ietak (chs ee a RE “s AS Mts Plastering Miaielian cee a erences ut Spt
TEED RIRT DE Ome Re chal Ea ce een ae es 60); < oY OS meee Ase eins een nuely WNT eerey En =a 68 Qames
Buckwheat . ee eer ay ts Ares ss 48. < IRIVIO cece ee eee Are et ae gages & se
Broom Cern.. ; Benes ay 46_ ‘ Red ton SECU Pin ae ae ee ee oe jase
Blue Grass, Kentue ky. ss tsitay eke Of WA Salt COATS seine eters se aeoes “ 50a
es COE MRO Saye seth ese Ae fe 94. 6 Salt, Michipamny. 12 scene eee “ 56 <<
STDIN gets ho ere evegete SEN OATOE ne os 20h Sweet Potatoes....... Se Sea Se Lee ee Bineck
Canary Seed........ crane cic ree sf 60 ssFE Mimi othiys Se Ges. crim senior cee a by x
CAStOrwBe ams res cee ek ae ef 46° TUTNT PSs ys eae eer ue 58“
BOVOV ETS CCH. eee Se eek ek Agee eck es COT Wihe ati saeioe 6, eon ee pee eerie : 60 ‘
Cornishelile die) O sasees ee a 5Geaees Beef and Pork, per bbl., nébi vee 200% <4
yc Jom ear. pee Pe Seen aC yk Blour, per bbl mets. eee eee iG Ge
Corn Meal . Dactese aD uC D0 ie White Fish and Trout, per bbl., net..-_ 7: 200 *
a@harcoalvicituk «ne a2 Le eee: ue De is Saltsper bbs. wate eas apes Soe ee 280 sie
Coal aiim eran seas eae Le oC SOs Lime, . Oe Dee e se tale ree eee Pal ye Fd
Cranberries. ....... ry he 36 AOwue Hay, well settled, per cubic foot. 4s"
Dricdipeaches eyo ic mae bee w 28pe Corn, on cob, in bin eae pe Dar
Sab aKa SCC pee ee hupey oc hbo hicwkes anes 2 Ome “shelled “ FOG a Doge Gace Ane ts
HMiempiSeedyis. cess. cree. ee ne 44. HES Wheat, s 48.“
Hungarian Grass Seed A ss 48 Oats, eg Chet Gees 25165
Irish Potatoes, heaping? measure. os 60 ‘< Potatoes, oe bei ce ceca at A Lt 384“
Malet ease vane ten t is Ol sie Sand, dry, "i eS RS ORR Dr SF
Mab oer loi aca cern Ie rca ees ae OSE Clay, compact, t = St yoo.
Oats diet Ah iados) ato gee ag Pe nae og. Se ae Marble, ph sie Poesy Oe
Osage Orange....... Ha Ad Prac se “ Rae Seasoned Beech Wood, per cord. ... 5,616 <‘*
Orchard (Grass 27-0 :ce sence dee re ie Oy Ce Hickory, Ve 6,960 *

. FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 23

fad

DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS.

ARTICHOKE.

ARTICHAUT (F'r.) ARTISCHOKE (G.)
ALCACHOFA (Sp.)

Large Green Giobe. This
is a very popular vegetable in
the South, and much esteemed
by the native as weli as the for-
eign population from the South
of Europe. Itisextensively cul-
tivated for the New Orleans
market. It is best propagated
from suckers which come up
around the large plants. Take
them off during the fall and
early winter months; plant them

four feetaparteach way. Every om |Z aii S2 Gi | (a aM
fali the ground should be man- LG A LH pam o

ured and spaded or plowed be-
tween them; at the same time
the suckers should be taken off.
If planted by seed, sow them
in drills during winter or early
spring, three inches apart and
one foot from row to row; cover
with about one-half inch of
earth. The following fall the
plants can be transplanted and
cultivated as recommended
above. The seeds I offer are im-
ported by me from Italy, and of
superior quality; I can also fur-
nish sprouts or plants in the
fall of the year, at $1.50 per 100.

Early Campaniz. An
early variety imported by me
from Italy and which fruited for
the first time four years ago. The cut represents as it grows, and has been taken
from a branch brought to me; it is flatter at the base than the Globe; it is very
early, but has not proven itself as hardy as the foregoing kind.

ASPARAGUS.

ASPERGE (Fr.), SPARGEL (Ger.), ESPARAGOS (Sp.)

Early Campania.

Purple Top. The Asparagus is not extensively cultivatedin the South; not
that it is not liked well enough, but from the fact that it does not succeed as well
as in more Northern latitudes. It seems that it is short-lived, the roots giving out
soon or throwing up very small shoots,

- 24 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

The ground should be well manured and prepared before either the roots or
seeds are planted. For this climate the sowing of seed is preferable. Roots are
generally imported from the North, and I have found that the roots raised -here,
one year old, are as strong as those received from the North three years old. Plant
the seed in early spring. Soak over night in water; plant in rows, or rather hills,
one foot apart and two feet between ; put from four to five seeds in each hill; when
well up thin out to two plants. The following winter, when the stalks are cut off,
cover with a heavy cqat of well rotted manure and a sprinkling of salt; fishbrine
will answer the same purpose. In thespring fork in the manure between the rows,
and keep clean of weeds. The same treatment should be repeated every year.
The bed should not be cut before being three years established. Care must be
taken not to cut the stalks too soon in the fall of the year—not until we have had
a frost. If cut before, it will cause the roots to throw up young shoots, which will

weaken them.
BUSH BEANS.
CULEU RE.

Place in rows eighteen inches apart; drop a bean every two or three inches.
Plant from end of February, and for succession, every two or three weeks to May.
Bush Beans planted in this latitude during June and July, will not produce much.
August and September are good monthsin which to plant again; they will pro-
duce abundantly till killed by the frost. Do not cover the seeds more than two

oo POLE BEANS.

Lima Beans should not be planted before the ground has become warm in
spring. Strong poles ought to be set in the ground from four to six feet apart, and
the ground drawn around them before the seed is planted. It is always best to
plant after a rain and with the eye of the bean down. The other varieties can be
planted flat, and not more than three to four feet apart, and hilled after they are
up. Do not cover the seeds more than two inches; one inch is enough for the
Southern Prolific and Crease Back. .

BEANS.
(DWARF, SNAP or BUSH.)
Haricot (Fr.), BOHNE (Ger.), FRITOLENANO (Sp.}

Pride of Newton. Early China Red-Eye.
Early Valentine Red Speckled. Red Kidney.
Early Mohawk Six Weeks. Dwarf Golden, Wax.

Early Yellow Six Weeks.
German Dwarf Wax.

White Kidney.
Pride of Newton. Novelty from |
last year. Thisisa robust, strong grow-

inz bean with long flat pods, which are
light green. It is quite early and very
productive. The bean is similar to the
Yellow Six Weeks in color, but much
hardier.

Early Valentine, one of the best
varieties ; pods round, tender and quite
productive; not much planted for the
market. Excellent for shipping.

Best of All.
Improved Valentine.
Wardwell’s Dwarf Kidney Wax.

Early Mohawk Six weeks. This
is a long podded variety, and very hardy.
Tt is used to a large extent for the mar-
ket for the first planting; very produc-
tive.

Early Yellow /Six Weeks. This
is the most popular sortamong market
gardeners. Pods flat and long; a very
good bearer, but not so good for ship-
ping as the Mohawk or Valentine.

German Dwarf Wax. A good va-

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 25

riety which is unsurpassed as a snap
bean. Pods are of a wax colorand have
no strings; quite productive. Has come
into general cultivation ; cannot be too
highly recommended. | |
White Kidmey. A good strong
growing variety, not much planted.

Early China Red-Eye. Earlyand

of good quality, but not very popular.

Red Kidmey. This varietyis largely |

planted:for the New Orleans market.
It is a coarse growing variety. and much
used for shelling when the pods turn
yellow, so that the beans are well devel-
oped, but yet soit. es

Dwarf Golden Wax. A dwarf
variety with flat. pods, longer than the
Dwarf German Wax; entirely stringless
and white, mottled with purplish red.
This variety will come into general cul-

1x as

Bernier
‘sss

—
Sas reat sree

Dwart Golden Wax Bean,

tivation, and will in time take the place
of the black seeded Wax, being earlier
and more productive.

Best of All. A variety from Ger-
many of great merit, introduced here
by me. It is green podded, long and
succulent; it is prolific and well fla-
vored. An excellent variety for shipping
and family use. It is not quite so early
as the Mohawk, but is of superior quality
for shipping, and, therefore, is almost

y RNR er? He

Best of All Bean, % natural size

26 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

the only kind planted
here for that purpose.
The cut is a good rep-
resentation as it
grows; it shows only
two-thirds of its natu-
ral size. Can not be too
highly recommended.
I expect to have a full
supply this year.

Improved Vaien-~
tine. This variety has
all the good qualities
of the old Valentine;
only, itis ten days ear-
lier, a great considera-
tion when pianted for
the market; it will sa-
persede the old varie-
ty of Valentine.

Wardweli’s
Dwarf Kidmey
Wax. Thiskind was
introduced two years
ago. It is the best
dwarf Wax Bean in
cultivation ; it is quite
early ; the pods are of
similar shape as the
Golden Wax, but long-
er; color ofa beautiful
golden yellow. They
are very prolific und

—SS

WELLS DWA

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 27

hardy, surpassing any other Dwarf Wax Bean that I know of. The color of the bean
is somewhat like the Golden Wax, but more kidney-shaped and more spotted with
dark purple. It has done best here among the Dwarf Wax Beans. Of all the many
new kinds I have tried, I found none to excel it.
Dwarf Filageolet Wax. <A German variety which figures as Perfection
_ Wax, also Scarlet Flageolet Wax in some catalogues. It is a robust growing sort
with large fine yellow pods. This is the first year that I put it upon my list, but I
have had it in stock since three years, and have tried to introduce it amongst the
gardeners who still give the Wardwell’s Kidney the preference.

Improved Valentine.

BEANS.
. POLE OR RUNNING.
Harticots A Rams (I'r.), StanGEN-BoHNEN (Ger.), FrisoL Vastaco (Sp.),

Large Lima. Southern Prolific.
Carolina or Sewee. Crease Back.

Southern Willow-leaved Sewee or Butter. New Golden Wax Flageolet.
Horticultural or Wren’s Egg. Lazy Wife’s.

Dutch Case Knife. a New Golden Andalusia Waz.

{

German Wax or Butter. |

Large Lima. A well-known and excellent variety. It isthe best shell bean
known, Should have rich ground, and plenty room to grow.

28 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Caroiina or Sewee. A variety similar tothe Lima; the only difference is,
the seeds and pods are smaller. It is generally cultivated, being more productive
than the Large Lima.

Horticultural or Wren’s Egg. Does not grow very strong; bears well,
pods about six inches long, which are roundish and very tender.

Dutch Case Kuife. A very good pole bean; it is early; pods broad and
long, somewhat turned towards the end.

German Wax. This is a fine variety, and has the same good qualities as the
~ German Dwarf Wax. Pods have a waxy appearance; very succulent and tender.

Southern Prolific. No variety will continue longer in bearing than this.
It stands the heat of the summer better than any other, and is planted to suecced
the other kinds. It is a very strong grower; pods
about seven inches long and flat; seeds are dark yel-
low or rather light brown. Jt is the standard variety
for the New Orleans market, for late spring and
summer.

Crease Back. A variety of Pole Beans whick
has been cultivated in the South for a long time, but
has never come into the trade till introduced by me.
Ttis an excellent bean, earlier than the ‘‘Southern
Prolific.”? Seeds white; pods round, with a crease in
the back, from which the name. It isa good grower,
bears abundantly, and, if shipped, will keep better
than most other
kinds. Itsells bet-
ter in the spring
than any other for
shipping purpose;
and when inseason,
it can not be sur-
passed. For early
summer. the South-
ern Prolific is pre-
ferable, standing
the heat better.
Several years ago
I received half a
bushel from near
Mobile, Ala., and
all the beans of this
variety inthe whole
country can be
traced back to that
half bushel. I sup-
plied two growers
in Georgia where it
was not known at
that time. I expect >
to have a full sup-
ply this season.
There is a light

White Crease Back Beans. Lazy Wife’s Pole Beans. brown bean streak-

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 99

ed and mottled with dark brown
and black of the same name;
but it is not equal to the white
variety. In some localities this
kind is called ‘‘Calico Crease
Back.’’ The white seeded varie-
ty is also known in some sections
by the name of ‘‘Fat Horse.”
This is the original stock; the
quality is so fine that no im-
provement can be made on it.

Goiden Wax Flageoiet.
This variety was introduced
three years ago; it was brought
out from Germany. After anoth-
er year’s experience I can con-
firm all what is claimed for Jt.
It is the best Wax Pole Bean in

Golden Wax Flageolet Pole Peans.

wa NEW GO

LDEN

/ BEAN

15)
N\A
A K<
K Ly

LS A
1 » Wy MF

“LW WY ee (
WE nN SP

wit

a”
ly 7
a 7 we

{WTS

= Wiz. Wee
Gey LA NZ

WARNES f i : Ww

S FROM
ONE VINE

1 aus —

30 RICHAKD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

cultivation, surpasses in length and) beans are white, and as fine as a shell”
delicacy of flavor all other Wax varie- | bean. .
ties. It is a very strong grower, which is Southern Willow-leaved Sewee
wanting by most of the Wax Pole kinds. | or Butter. This is a variety which is
It bears abundantly, is entirely string- | grown by the market gardeners about.
less, and does not spot, even by too | New Orleans; the pods and beans are.
much rain or other untoward weather. |! the same as the Sewee or Carolina
Cannot be too highly recommended. The | Bean; it is quite distinct in the leaves,
Golden Wax Pole Bean, brought out two | being narrow like the willow. It stands
years ago, I have dropped, as it can | the heat better than any other Butter
stand no comparison with the Golden | Bean, and is very productive. ‘Try it..
Wax Flageolet. New Goiden Andalusia Wax

Lazy Wife’s. Anew Pole Beanfrom | Beam. Novelty of last year. Thisisa
Pennsylvania. The pods are entirely | very productive sort, but the pods-are:
stringless, 4—5 inches long, and havea | rather small as compared with some
fine flavor when cooked. They retain | other kinds. Recommend same highly
their rich flavor until nearly ripe. The | for family use.

ENGLISH BEANS.

Freve pr Marais (Fr.), Purr-Bonnen,(Ger.), Hasa-Comun (Sp.).

Broad Windsor. Notso much cul- | planted during November; as, if planted
tivated here as in some parts of “urope. | in the spring, they will not produce
It is much liked by the people of the | much.

Southern part of Europe. Ought to be

BEETS:

BeEtTRAVE (Fr.), RUNKELRUEBE (Ger.), REMOLACHA (Sp.).

Long Red Mangel Wurzel.
White French Sugar.

Extra Early or Bassano.
Simon’s Early Red Turnip.

Early Blood Turnip. | Silver or Swiss Chard.
Long Blood. | iclipse.
Half Long Blood. | Lentz.
Egyptian Red Turnip. |
CUT GRE:

The ground for beets should be rich and well spaded or plowed. Sow in drills
twelve to eighteen inches apart, cover the seed about one inch deep. When about
a month old, thin them out to four or six inches apart. In this latitude beets are
sown from January till the end of April, and from the middle of July till the middle
of November; in fact, some market gardeners sow them every month in the year.
In the summer and fall, it is well to soak the seeds over night and roll in J eeoe:
before sowing. |

Extra Early, or Bassano, is the | ter es than the varieties which ma-
earliest variety, butnot popular on ac- | ture later.
count of its color, which is almost white | Simon's Early Red Turnip.
when boiled. Earliness is not of so, This is earlier than the Blood Turnip,
much value here, where there are beets smooth skin and of light red eolor;
sown and brought to the market the | planted a good deal by the market gar-
whole year round, In the North it is | deners about New Orleans.
different, where the first crop of beets | Early Blood Turnip. The most
in the market in spring will bringa bet- | popular variety for market purposes as

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 31

pee ote atte gt crtrerinarratis

IN Ve nea ee UES tts

well as family use. Itisofa dark red
color and very tender. This is the prin-
cipal variety planted for shipping. My
stock is raised for me from dark selected
roots, and cannot be excelled.

Lonmg Bioeod. Is not quite so tender
as the foregoing variety ;it is not planted
at all for the market, and very little
for family use. In the North it is

chiefly planted for winter. use; here we
have Turnip Beets the whole winter

FeTTo ven eren toe ne se

from the garden; therefore it has not
the same value. |

Half Long Biood. A very dark
red variety of a half long shape;a good
kind for family use.

Egyptian Red Turnip. This is
a new variety sent out by ‘“‘Benary”’
some yearsago. Itis very early, tender,
deep red and of Turnip shape. Leaves
of this variety are smaller than of
others. The seeds are also much smaller.

Simon’s Early Red Turnip Beet.

White French Sugar Beet.

Silver Beet or Swiss Chard.

Farly Blood Turnip Beet.

Egyptian Red Turnip Beet,

Ce
bo

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

IT recommend it and consider it a good | succulent leaves, which are used for the
acquisition. The seed of this variety is | same purposes as Spinach. It is very
obtained by me from the original source | popular in the New Orieans market. ~

and is the finest stock offered. Lemtz. This new strain of Blood

Eclipse. Anew Beet from Germany, | Turnip Beet originated with one of.
very regular, of globular shape. It has | the most prominent market gardeners
a small top, is of dark red blood color, | around Philadelphia. This beet, as
sweet and fine grained flesh. It comes | selected and grown by him, has had a
as early as the Egyptian. great reputation, in the surroundings of

Long Red Mangei Wurzel. This | the above place, but the seed has been
is raised for stock; it grows to a large | carefully guarded and kept until -re-
size. Herein the South where stock is | cently, when it fell into the hands of a
not stabled during the winter, the rais- | seed grower, from whom I have received
ing of root crops is much neglected. s
Being very profitable for its food it
ought to be more cultivated. | quality; it has a fine turnip form with

White French Sugar, is used the | smooth roots, dark blood red flesh,

| my supply. Itis fully as early as the
same as the foregoing; not much | tender and sweet at all times, never be-
|

Egyptian Beet, but larger and of better

planted. coming tough and stringy, even when
Silver Beet, or Swiss Chard. | old. The cut is an exact representation
This variety is cultivated for its large ' ofitsshape. Giveit a trial.

cores re

Eclipse Beet. .

BORECOLE, OR CURLED KALE.
CHOU-VERT (FY.), aie Kou. (Ger.'!, Breton (Sp.).
Dwarf German Greens. A vegetable highly esteemed in the Northern
part of Europe, but very little cultivated in this country. It requires frost to make
it good for the table. Treated the same as cabbage. Mee

BROCCOLI.

CHovu Broco.ti (Fr.}, SPARGEL-KOHL (Ger.), BRocULI (Sp.). eis
Purple Cape. Resembles the Cauliflower, but not forming such compact

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 33

heads, and not quite so white, being of a greenish
cast. Weraise such fine Cauliflower here that very
little Broccoli is planted.

The Purple Cape is the most desirable variety ;
cultivated the same as Half Early Cauliflower; fur-
ther North than New Orleans, where Cauliflower
does not sueceed, the Broccoli may be substituted,
being hardier.

BRUSSELS SPROUTS.

Cuou DE BRUXELLES (Fr.), RoSEN oR SPROSSEN KOHL
(Ger.), BRETON DE BRUSELAS (Sp.).

A vegetable cultivated the same as the Cabbage,
but very little known here. The small heads which
appear along the uppe: part of the stalk between
the leaves, make a fine dish when well prepared.
Should be sown during August and September. Brussels Sprouts.

CABBAGE.

Cuou Pomme (Fr.), KopFKoHL (Ger.), RepoLuo (Sp.).

Early York. Improved Early Summer.

Early Large York. Improved Large Late Drumhead.
Early Sugar Loaf. Frotscher’s Superior Late Flat Dutch
Early Large Oxheart. Red Dutch ( for pickling).

Early Winningstadt. - Green Globe Savoy.

Jersey Wakefield. Early Dwarf Savoy.

Karly Flat Dutch. Drumhead Savoy.

Early Drumhead. St. Denis or Chou Bonneuil.
Large Flat Brunswick.

During the past ‘‘World’s Exposition’”’ I exhibited different vegetables as they
were in season. Many visitors will recollect the fine specimens of Cabbage, Beets,
Celery, Cauliflower, Lettuce, Cucumbers, etc., they saw there displayed. Ireceived
the Prize for **Frotscher’s Fiat Dutch Cabbage”’ and Early Blood Turnip
Beets. Ten heads of Cabbage, devoid of all outside leaves, weighed one hundred
and seventy-three pounds. They were raised on Captain Marcy’s place, one mile
below Algiers.—I did not exhibit them for competition, but merely to show to our
Northern visitors what fine vegetables we have here during the winter, when at
their. homes everything is covered with snow and ice. The Committee of Awards
on Vegetables gave me the Prize without any solicitation on my part,—they think-
ing it well merited. (See inside cover.)

CULTURE.

Cabbage requires a strong, good soil, and should be heavily manured. To raise
large Cabbage without good soil and without working the plants well, is an im-
possibility. Cabbage is sown here almost inevery month of the year, but the seed
for a main crop should be sown from July to September. Some sow earlier, but
July is timeenough. For asuccession, seed can be sown till November. The main
crop for Spring should be sown from end of October to end of November, as stated
before. The raising of Cabbage for spring has become quite an item of late years;
Brunswick should be sown a little earlier than the Early Summer,—the latter kind

34 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

not till November, but in a frame, so the young plants can be protected against
cold weather, which we generally have between December and January. After the
middle of January, setting out can be commenced with. These early varieties of
Cabbage require special fertilizing to have them large. Early varieties are sown
during winter and early spring. Cabbage is a very important crop, and one of the
best paying for the market gardener. It requires more work and attention than
most people are willing to give, to raise cabbage plants during the months of July
and August. I have found, by careful observation, that plants raised in August are
the surest to head-here. The most successful gardeners in raising cabbage plants
sow the seeds thinly in seed beds, and water several times during the day; in fact,

cE Lm

SSD ASSES SS et
SS OPT RADR =
~NARGE LAAN

EVRA WOTOR
CRBBRGE

These three heads of Cabbage were grown by M. POPOVICH at TUNISBURG, La.

Early Winningstadt.. St. Denis, or Chou Bonneuil.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 35

Green Globe Savoy. Early Flat Dutch.

ot SSS
- = NS
(
i

Early York. , Large Flat Brunswick, Early Dwarf Savoy.

36 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Early Drumhead. : Improved Early Summer.

the seed-bed is never allowed to get dry from the sowing of the seed till large
enough to transplant. There is no danger, in doing this, of scalding the plants, as
many would suppose; but on the contrary, the plants thrive well, and so treated,
will be less liable to be attacked by the cabbage-flies, as they are too often dis-
turbed during the day. ‘Tobacco stems chopped up and seattered between the
plants and in the walks between the beds, are a preventative against the fly.

Early York. This is an early va- | salable on account of being flat. Very
riety, but very little grown here except | good variety for family use.
for family use. As we have cabbage | Early Drumhenad. A similar va-
heading up almost the whole year, it | riety to the above; a little earlier, and
has not the same value as in Northern | pot making as many leaves, it can be
climates, where the first cabbage in | planted close. A good early spring
spring brings a good price. cabbage.

Large York. About two to three | Large Fiat Brunswick. This is
weeks later than the above, forming | alate German variety, introduced by
hard heads; not grown for the market. | me over twenty years ago. It is an
Recommended for family use. | excellent variety, and when well headed

Early Sugar Leaf. Another point- | up, the shape of it is a true type of a
ed variety, with spoon-shaped leaves; | Premium Flat Dutch Cabbage. It re-
sown in early spring for an early sum- | quires very rich ground if sown for win-
mer cabbage. _ter crop, and should be sown early, as it

Early Large Oxheart. An excel- | isa litthe more susceptible of frost than
lent variety, which is later than the | the Superior Flat Dutch. It is well
Large York, and well adapted for sow- | adapted for shipping, being very hard,
ing in fall or early spring. and does not wilt so quick as others, At

Early Wiwnimgstadt. This is a {| Frenpier, along the Jackson R. R. thisis
very fine solid-heading variety ; pointed | the kind principally planted, andis pre-
and of good size, of the same season as | ferred over all other varieties. The peo-
the Oxheart. Itis very good for family | ple living there plant nothing else but
use. It does not suit the market, as | cabbage, and have tried nearly all high-
no pointed cabbage can be sold to any | ly reeommended varieties, and this is
advantage in the New Orleans market. | their choice. At that place the seeds are

Jersey Wakefieid. Very popular | sownin October and November. The
in the North; but little planted here. | bulk of the cabbage raised there is ship-
It is of medium size and heads up well. | ped North in April and May, and is the

Early Flat Dutch. An intermediate | finest which comes to the Chicago
variety between the early pointed and | market.
late varieties. Itis not, on an average, improved Early Summer. This
as heavy as the Oxheart or Winning- | cabbage is of recent introduction. It is
stadt; but, if raised for the market, more | not quite so large as the Brunswick;

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 37

for fall it can be sown in August;
for spring, in November and as late
as January. It heads up very uniform
and does not produce many outside
leaves. Itis hardier than the Bruns-
wick, and stands the cold and heat bet-
ter. The seed I offer is of the best
strain cultivated, and can be planted
closer together than the late varieties—
say about 8000 to the acre. The finest
erop of this variety (one hundred and
fifty thousand heads of cabbage) I ever
saw, was raised three years ago near the
city. The grower could commence on
one end of the row to cut, and continue
to the end, all well headed. They aver-
aged about 7 pounds.

Improved Large Late Drum-
head. Fine large variety; should be
sown early in the fall for winter, or
during December and January for late
spring use; it. will stand more cold
weather than the Brunswick.

Superior Late Flat Dutch.
This is the most popular variety for
winter cabbage, and cultivated by al-
most every gardener who plants for
the New Orleans market. My stock is
of superior quality, and I venture to
say that seventy-five per cent. of all
cabbage sold in the New Orleans market
are of seeds which have been obtained
from my store. During winter and
spring, specimens which are brought

as samples to my establishment. weigh-
ing from fifteen to twenty-five pounds,
can frequently be seen. In regard to

the time of planting, see remarks under

head of “Cabbage” in the directions for
planting for July. I have tried seed of
the Flat Dutch from different growers,
but have found none yet to equal the
stock I have been selling for years, and
which is raised for me by contract.

Red Dutch. Mostly used for pick-
ling or salads. Very little cultivated.

Green Globe Savoy. Medium
sized heads, not very hard, but all the
leaves can be used. This and the fol-
lowing varieties are of fine flavor, and
preferred by many over the other kinds.

Early DwarfSavoy. Heads rather
small, but solid; leaves very curled
and succulent; of a dark green color.
Very fine for family garden.

Drumhead Savoy. Leaves are
wrinkled, but not quite so much as the
two foregoing kinds. It grows to a good
size with large roundish heads.

St. Denis, or Chou Bonneuil.
This was, at one time, one of the most
popular varieties grown for this market,
but during the past few years has not
done so well as formerly, and is, there-
fore, planted very little now. It wants
good ground and high cultivation. It
does better for spring than for fall.
Should be sown in November.

CAULIFLOWER.

CaourcLevr (Fr.), BLUMENKOHL (Ger.), CoLIFLOR (Sp.).

Extra Early Paris.

Half Karly Paris.

Karly Erfurt

Le Normands (short-stemmed).

Karly Italian Giant.
Late Italian Giant.
Imperial.

Large Algiers.

This is one of the finest vegetables grown, and succeeds well in the vicinity

of New Orleans.

Large quantities are raised on the sea-coast in the neighborhocd

of Barataria Bay. The two Italian varieties are of excellent quality, growing to
large size, and are considered hardier than the German and French varieties. I
have had specimens brought to my store, raised from seed obtained from me,
weighing sixteen pounds. The ground for planting Cauliflower should be very rich.
They thrive best in rich, sandy soil, and require plenty of moisture during the for-
mation of the head. The Italian varieties should be sown from April till July; the
latter month and June is the best time to sow the Early Giant. During August,
September and October, the Le Normands, Half Early Paris and Erfurt can be

38 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

sown. The HalfEarly Paris is very popular, but the other varieties are just as good.
For spring crop the Italian kinds do not answer, but the Early French and German
varieties can be sown at the end of December and during January, in a bed pro-
tected from frost, and may be transplanted into the open ground during February
and as late as March. If we have a favorable season, and not too dry, they will
_be very fine; but if the heat sets in soon, the flowers will not attain the same size
as those obtained from seeds sown in fall, and which head during December and
January.

Extra Early Paris. The ear-
liest variety: heads small, very
tender.

Half Eariy Paris. The most
popular in the New Orleans market.
Heads of good size, white and com-
pact.

Early Erfurt. This variety is
of more dwarfish growth than the
two former. Heads white and of
good size. Heads with certainty.

Le Normands isa French vari-
ety. and largely cultivated here.
Tt stands more.dry weather than
the other varieties, and has large :
and pure white heads. Notso pop- Zyleene Ne
ular as the Half Early Paris in Le Normands shori-stemmed Cauliflower.
this market. but there is no good
reason why it should not be, as it is an excellent variety in every respect: stands
the heat better than any other.

Large Algiers. A French variety of the same season as the Le Normands.
but a surer producer. It is one of the best kinds, and has taken the place of other
second early varieties since it has been introduced.

= pete
AE SSS
eS —~

——

Eariy Italian Giant ‘auliflower.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

Early Italian Giant. Very
large fine sort, not quite so late as
the Late Italian, and almost as
large. The heads are quite large,
white and compact, and of delicious
flavor. I recommend it to all who
have not tried it. When sown at
the proper season, it will head with
certainty, and will not fail to give
satisfaction.

' Late Italian Giant. This is
the largest.of all the Cauliflowers.
It is grown to a considerable extent
in the neighborhood of New Or-
leans. It is very large and com-
pact ; should not be sown later than ~
June, as it takes from seven to
nine months before it heads.
Imperial.

“a

A |
cl mar
veg — Vy, BA

Large Algiers.

A variety from France, very similar to the Le Normands, per-

haps a little earlier; very good, I reeommend it highly.

CARROT.

Carotte (Fr.), MoEHRE oR GELBE RUEBE (Ger.), ZANAHORIA (Sp.).

Early Scarlet Horn.

Half Long Scarlet French.
Improved Long Orange.
Long Red without core.

St. Valerie.
Half Long Luc.
Danver’s Intermediate.

Requires a sandy loam, well manured the previous year, and deeply spaded up.
Should be sown in drills ten to twelve inches apart, so the plants can be worked
after they are up. Gardeners here generally sow them broad-cast, and often the
roots are small from being crowded too much together.

Early Scarlet Horn. A _ short,
stump-rooted variety of medium size,
very early and of fine flavor. Not culti-
vated for the market.

HalfLong French Scariet. This
is the most popular variety, and exten-
sively grown for the market as well as
for family use. It is a little later than
the Early Horn, but much larger ; bright
searlet in color, and of fine flavor.

Half Long Luc. This is a new va-
riety from France. It is as early as any
previously mentioned, but stump-rooted
and larger. It is very smooth and ofa
fine color.

Improved Long Orange. This is
an old variety; roots long and of deep
orange color. It is not much cultivated
in this section, and the flavor is not so
fine as that of the two preceding kinds.
Valuable for field culture.

Long Red, without core. A new va-

riety from France, which is of eylindri-
cal shape, very smooth, bright scarlet
color, and of fine flavor; has no heart
oreore. Itis not quite so early as the
Half Long, but more productive. Con-
sider it a first-class variety for the table,
and onethat will come into general cul-
tivation when better known.

St. Valerie. A new variety from
France, bright red in color; a little lar-
ger and longer than the Half Long
French, and stronger in the leaves.
This is one of the finest carrots, and
will in the course of time take the place
of the Half Long. Itis very smooth.

Danver’s. An intermediate Ameri-
can variety of recent introduction. It
is ofa bright orange color; very smooth ;
symmetrically formed; somewhat
stump-rooted like the Half Long Luc.
It will produce more in weight to the
acre than any other Half Long variety.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

‘

hey

A TAN :

]

aan

\ aa

ALIN
be
ax

Hali Long French.
Searlet Carrot.

Hali Long iue Carrot.

Early Seariet Horn Carrot.

s Intermediat>?.

~
‘

Danve

St. Valerie Carrot.

amir

at |
ate
ANN

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 41

—$—$—<— $$

CELERY.

CELERI (Fr.), SELLERIE (Ger.),
Apto (Sp.).

Large White Solid.
Perfection Heartwell.
Turnip- Rooted.
Dwarf Large Ribbed.
Cutting or Soup.

Sow in May and June for
early transplanting, and ia
August and September for a
later crop. Sow thinly and
shade during the hot months.
When the plants are six in-
ehes high, transplant into
trenches about four inches
deep, nine wide and two and
a half feet apart, made very
rich by digging in rotten
manure. Plants should be
from 6 to 8 inches apart. Perfection Heartwell Celery.

When planted out during the hot months. the trenches require to be shaded,
which is generally done by spreading cotton cloth over them; latanniers will
answer the same purpose. Celery re- NVSUG/§ oe, VP
quires plenty of moisture, and watering Alig

with soapsuds, or liquid manure. will
benefit the plants a great deal. When

tall enough, it should be earthed up to
blanch to make it fit for the table.

Dwarf. Large Ribbed Celery. Large White sclid Celery.

49 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL |

Large White Solid. This variety used to be planted exclusively, but since
the introduction of half dwarf and dwarf kinds has been dropped, more so by mar-
ket gardeners. It is crisp, but not as fine flavored as the following kinds.

Perfection Heartweli. This variety is in size between the Large White
Solid and Dwarf kinds: it is of excellent
quality, very thick, and when blanched
the heart is of a beautiful golden yellow
color ; preferable to the White Solid, and
one ofthe best kinds ever introduced.

Celeriac or Turnip-Rooted Cel-
ery, isvery popular in some parts of
Europe, but hardly cultivated here. It
should be sown in the fall of the year,
and transplanted six inches apart, in
rows one foot apart. When the roots
have obtained a good size, they are
boiled, scraped off, sliced and dressed
with vinegar, etc., as a salad.

Dwarf Large Ribbed. This kind
was brought here several years ago from
France. It is short, but very thick-

ribbed, solid and of fine flavor. The
best dwarf variety for this section.

Celery for Soup. This is sown in
the spring of the year, broad-cast. to be
used for seasoning, the same as Parsley. Celeriae or Turnip-Rooted Celery.

CHERVIL.

CERFEUIL (Fr.), KERBELKRAUT (Ger.). —

An aromatic plant, used a good deal for seasoning, especially in oyster soup,
and is often cut between Lettuce when served asa salad. Inthe North this y vege-
table is very little known, but in this section there is hardly a garden where it is
not found. Sow broad-cast during fall for winter and spring, and in 1 January =

February forsummer use.
COLLARDS.

A kind of cabbage which does not head, but the leaves are used the same as
other cabbage. Not so popular as in former years, and very little planted in this

vicinity.
CORN SALAD.

Macuser, Dotcet (Fr.), ACKER SaLaT (Ger.), VALERIANA (Sp.).

Broad-leaved Corn Salad is the variety generally cultivated. Itis used as salad
during the winter and early spring months. Should be sown broad-cast or in
drills nine inches apart during fall and winter.

CORN.

INDIAN.

Mais (Fr.), WELSsc HKORN (Ger.), Marz (Sp.).
Extra Early Dwarf Sugar. Blunt’s Prolific Field:
Adam’s Extra Karly. Improved Leaming.
Early Sugar or Sweet. | Golden Beauty.
Stowel’s Evergreen Sugar. Champion White Pearl.
Golden Dent Gourd Seed. Mosby’s Prolific.
Early Yellow Canada. Hickory King.

Large White Flint.

Piant in hills about three feet apart, drop four to five seeds and thin out to two
or three. Where the ground is strong the Adam’s Extra Early and Crosby’s Sugar

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 43

can be planted in hills two and a half feet apart, as these two varieties are more

dwartfish than the other kinds.

Sugar. This is a very early variety
and of excellent quality. Ears small,
but very tender. Itis not so extensively
planted as it deserves to be.

Adam’s Extra Early, the most
popular variety with market gardeners
for first planting. It has no fine table
qualities, but as it grows to a good size,
and is matured in about forty days from
time of planting, it meets with ready
sale in the market, and for these reasons
gardeners prefer it. 4

Early Sugar, or New England.
A long eight-rowed variety, which suc-
ceeds the Extra Early sorts. Desirable
variety. ;

Plant for a succession from February to June.
Extra Early, or Crosby’s Dwarf |

Stowel’s Evergreen Sugar. This
is the best of all Sugar Corn. It is an
early Corn, but the ears are of large size,
and are well filled. It remains green
longer than any Otier variety, and is
quite productive. The cultivation ofthis
excellent cereal, as well as all other Sug-
ar Corn, is much neglected, yet why
people will plant common field-corn for
table use, considering size instead of
quality, I can not understand.

Golden Dent Gourd Seed. A field
variety which is very productive at the
North. it makes a very fine Corn South,
but has to be planted here several years
in succession before it attains perfection,
as during the first year the ears are not

D 72
WZ
ay b

3 ZZ
=

Improved Leaming.

44 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND. GARDEN MANUAL

well covered by the husk, which is the
case with all Northern varieties. When
selected and planted here for a few
years, it becomes acclimated and makes
an excellent Corn, with large, fine ears,
grain deep and cob of medium size.

Early Yellow Canada. A long
eight-rowed variety. It is very early,
and is planted in both the field and gar-
den. It does well here.

Large White Flimt. A very popu-
lar variety with gardeners and ama-
teurs. It is planted here for table use
principally, but like the Golden Dent,
makes an excellent kind for field culture A
after it has been planted here for two or —
three years.

Blant’s Prolific Field Corn. This
is a very excellent variety, either for the
field or for the table. Itis very prolific,
producing from four to six ears of corn.
They are of medium size, but well filled
and heavy. It is second early. This
variety has done better than any other,
and, being of Southern origin, it seems
to be better adapted to our climate. I
recommend it as an early yielding Corn
for field culture.

Improved Leaming. An extra
early variety, sold by me for the first
time six years ago. It is not hard and
flinty, but sweet and nutritious, making
excellent feed and fine meal. The ears
are large and handsome, with deep large
grains, deep orange color and small red
cob. It is very productive. The shucks
cover the ear better than any Northern
or Western variety [ have ever tried. It
is adapted to a variety of soils, and pro-
duces well on heavy or light soil; it has
shown itself as very reliable.

Golden Beamty. Thisvariety isthe §
handsomest of all yellow corn; the cars
are of a perfect shape, long, and filled
out to the extreme end of the cob. The
erains are not of a flinty type, neither (hI 5}
are they so soft as to be greatly shrivell- i. y
ed, as in the Golden Dent. Golden bay
Beauty matures early, ripening ineighty Sete
days from planting, and surpasses all
in size and beauty of grain.

Champiog White Peari. This a Evergreen Early Siean or~ -*:Extra Early
avery handsome white corn. Theegrain — Sugar Gorn. New England Corn. Sugar Corn.

is pure white, exceedingly heavy and
long, two of which wiil span the cob,
which is small. Being medium in size
of stalk it can be planted much thicker
than a large Corn, and at the same time
bear a full sized ear. The originator has
established in Champion White Pearl
Corn a short, thick stalk, with the ear

TAN) Ge
\\\ 4 \ BY if j y Fi

I!
ie |

\ ‘iN «

\ UY

growing low upon it, which isan advan-
tage in stormy weather.

Mosby’s Prolific Corm. This is a
Southern Corn, and is recommended for
general crop.: The originator of this

Golden Beauty Corn.

TON SARA CG al
WD oy

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 45

variety says: “‘This corn is a cross be-
tween two widely different varieties. It
is purely white; small cob, deep, full
grain, neither too hard nor too soft. It.
will stand crowding in the drill as close

———

SSS

: tesgte =i ati
= gai ail

Hickory KingCorn,

46 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

again as any other variety. Ears of
medium size, but long. It stands the
drought better than ordinary corn.”
Should be planted early.

Hickory King. This New Field
Corn was introduced here by me two
year ago. Ithas provenitselfall that was
claimed for it. Itis the Largest Grained
and Smallest Cobbed Pure White Dent

Cornin the World. It is very early, and
comes in succession to the Adams Early.
The ears are from seven to nine inchesin
length, and are generally borne from
three to five toa stalk, making it very
productive. The ears are well covered
by the shucks; a great consideration in
Field Corn planted in the South.

CRESS.

Cresson (Fr.), KRESSE (Ger.), BERRO (Sp.).

Used for salad during winter and spring.

inches apatt.
Curied or Pepper Grass.
Broad-Leaved.
sown from early fall to late spring.
which does not well succeed here.

Sow broad-cast or in drills six

Not much used in this section.

This variety is extensively cultivated for the market. It is
The leaves resemble Water Cress; a variety

Is considered a very wholesome dish.

CUCUMBER.

CoNCOMBRE (Fr.), GURKE (Ger.), PEPINO (Sp.).

Improved Early White Spine,
Karly Frame.
Long Green Turkey.

Early Cluster.
New Orieans Market.
Gherkin, or Burr (for pickling. )

Cucumbers need a rich soil. Plant in hills from three to four feet apart; the
hills should be made rich with well decomposed manure, and eight to ten seeds

New,Orleans Market.

Imp’d Early White Spine.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 47

West India Gherkin. Farly lrame. Early Cluster.

should be planted in each hill, and covered about one-half inch deep; when well
up, thin out to four plants in the hill till the vines meet. When the spring is dry
the plants have to be watered, else they do not keep in bearing long, They can
be planted from March till July. A great many cucumbers are planted here in
February, or even sooner, and are protected by small boxes with a pane of glass
on top, These boxes are removed during the day, and put back in the evening.
When days are cloudy and cold, the plants are kept covered.

Improved Early White Spine. New Orieans Market. This is a va-
This is the most popular variety. It is | riety selected from an imported forcing
of medium size, light green, covered | cucumber introduced by me. Itis good
with white spines, and turns white when | for forcing or open ground; very pro-
ripe. The best kind for shipping. Of | ductive, keeps its green color, and has
late years itis used by most gardeners | few vines. This kind can not be ex-
for forcing as well as outdoor culture. | celled for shipping, as it produces very
It is very productive. perfect cucumbers and but few culls;

Early Frame. Another early va- | the largest growers of cucumbers for
riety, but not so popular as the fore- shipping about here plant none but this

going kind. It is deep green in color, | variety. It is quite different from the
but turns yellow very quickly; there- Lone White Spine offered by some.
fore gardeners do not plant it much. West Indian Gherkin. This is an

Long Green Turkey. A long va- | oval variety, small in size. It is used
riety attaining a length of from fifteen | for pickling when young and tender.
to eighteen inches when well grown. | When grown to its full size it can be
Very fine and productive. stewed with meat. In fact, this is the

Early Cluster. Early, short and | only use made of it about New Orleans.
prickly ; it bears in clusters.

THE FOLLOWING MAY BE OF SOME IMPORTANCE TO THOSE WHO

CONTEMPLATE THE RAISING OF CUCUMBERS. -

The Cucumber is a very important crop for the Southern Gardener and
Truck-farmer. In fact it has been the best paying crop shipped from here for the
last years. To give some information on the cultivation I publish on the following
page a letter which is written by one of the most extensive and successful growers
of this vegetable in this neighborhood; he plants exclusively the Long Green
White Spine or New Orleans Market.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

NINE MILs Point, JEFFERSON ParisH,
Sept. 17th, 1888.

Mr. RICHARD FROTSCHER,
New ORLEANS.

Dear Sir:

In compliance with your
request, “‘to give you a description of
my practice in growing Cucumbers,’”’ I
send youthis. Old growers will not find
anything new in it, but to beginners it
may be of some service.

There are three methods in general
use by growers here. They are forcing
in hot-beds, growing in cold frames, and
the field crop. Of the first I have little
to say here; it requires a plentiful supply
of fresh stable manure, or other heating
material, and so obliges one to be located
where such ean be had in abundance,
and in my opinion, to be uniformly
successful, requires also skilled labor.

My practice for growing in the cold
frames isas follows. I makea good hot
bel. (for doing this you have given clear,
and ample instructions, in your Alma-
nac and Garden Manual) make the beds
large enough to hold three five inch
pots for every sash you have in your cold
frames; this will allow for one-third
dying. The hot bed should be made the
last week in December; ina week after,
place your pots in the beds, fill the pots
with a rich light soil, in this sow your
seed, seven or eight in each pot. cover
a little less than half an inch deep, let
the ground on top of the pots get dry
before watering, then water freely, close
up the sash and keep it closed until the
seed begins to come up, which it will do
in less than three days. From this time
on, the hot bed must be carefully
watched, plenty of air given on bright
days, even pulling the sash entirely off
for a few hours in the middle of warm
clear days. In coid cloudy weather keep

them elosed, the young plants are, at

this stage, very liabe to damp off. To
prevent this, give plenty of air when the
weather is good; if it is wet and cold,
and the sash cannot be opened, sprinkle
plenty of air slacked lime in the frame.
Water only when dry, and then only in
fair weather, When the plants are well

up, thin out to three ina pot. After the
second rough leaf is formed, pinch off
the top bud, this will make them stocky.
In four weeks after sowing the seeds, the
plants should be fit to set out in the cold
frames. The ground in the frames
should be made rich and light, loose
and well dug over with the spade. Itis
important to prepare the soil in the cold
frames well, or a poor crop will be the
result.

The transplanting from the hot-bed to
the cold frame should be done on a warm
calm day ; knock the plants out of the
pots carefully to avoid breaking the ball.
Plant two hills under each sash, at about
two feet apart, close up the sash as fast
as planted, and do not water until next
day ; do not give any air till the plants
recover the transplanting. As you will
now have to depend on the heat of the
sun to keep your plants growing, do not
open your sashes too wide, open them
only on fine days, and then open them
late in the morning, and close them
early in the evening. Two or three
weeks of this treatment will bring the
plants well forward, and as the weather
gets warmer, give more air, stir the
ground with a hoe to keep it loose, water
plentifully when needed. By the first
of March they should be setting fruit
freely. From this time on, the sash can
be pulled off entirely during the day,
and put on again at night ; asthe weather
gets warmer give plenty of water, in fact
keep the ground almost wet. Cut off all
cucumbers as fast as they get large
enough for the market; do not leave
any on the vines to get old, as it will
have the effect of retarding the growth
of the young fruit; thus making the
vines less productive.

For the field crop, we plant the seed
in strawberry boxes; in cold frames, the
boxes are four inches each way. width,’
leneth and depth. This is the best
size; they are without bottoms; they are
packed in the frame close together, filled
with a good soil and 5 or 6 seed planted
in each box; water, shut the sash and
keep it shut until the seed begins to come
up. Then from this on give plenty of

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 49

air in good weather, water freely when
dry, and thin out to three in a box; in
about four weeks they will be fit to plant
outin the field. Have the ground where
they are to be planted, well plowed,
fine and in good order; open the rows
eight feet apart with a plow. To take
the plants out of the frames, run a sharp
spade just under the bottom of the boxes
to cut them loose from the bed, lift them
on the spade and place them close to-
gether in a cart; pack them tight in the
bottom of the cart to prevent jolting
about in hauling to the field. Drive the
cart on the ground to be planted, take
the boxes one by one carefully out of
the cart, and place them in the furrow
already opened, about two feet apart;
have a hand follow with a sharp knife,
and cut down one corner of the box, and
remove it in one piece, without breaking
the ball of earth about the roots of
the plants. Much depends upon this
being carefully done; let hands enough
follow with hoes to fill up the furrow
with soil, drawing plenty of fine dirt to
the roots of the plants. They must be
watered if necessary. The after-treat-
ment will be to keep the ground about
the plants and between the rows loose
and fine with the cultivator and hoe.
Just before the vines begin to run, say
in ten days after planting, bar off close

to the plants with the plow, and in the
furrow on both sides of the plants seat-

‘ter a small handful of cotton seed meal

or other good fertilizer; cover this with
the plow, and plow out the middles;
keep the ground loose around the plants,
being careful not to disturb the vines at
any time, and when the vines cover the
ground no further cultivation is neces-
sary. By this method we generally get
fruit three weeks earlier than from seed
planted in the field. I need not tell you
that earliness in truck-farming is almost
everything. ‘The time for planting the
seed in the boxes for the crop will de-
pend on the season, locality, ete. This
much is certain, you can keep the plants
in the boxes for only four, or at the
most five weeks after planting the seed.
After that time they get too large to
transplant safely. The only guide is to
use our own judgment and plant the
seed four weeks before we expect the
last frost in the spring.

I have written this plainly, and de-
seribed my practice so minutely, because
I know from experience how hard it
sometimes is to get from books, etc., a
practical idea of how to do anything
that we have little or no previous knowl-
edge of.

Yours very respeetfully,
Ww. NELSON.

EGG-PLANT.

AUBERGINE (Fr.), KIERPFLANZE (Ger.), BERENGENA (Sp.).

The seed should be sown in hot-beds in the early part of January.

When a

couple of inches high they should be transplanted into another frame, so that the

Large Purple Egg-Plant.

50 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

plants may become strong and robust. When warm enough, generally during
March, the plants can be placed in the open ground, about two and a half feet
apart. This vegetable is very popular in the South, and extensively cultivated.

MWizaricet. Thisis the only kind grown | during the hot season.

here; itis large, oval in shape and ofa Early Dwarf Oval. This variety
dark purple color and very productive. | is very early and productive; the fruit is
Southern grown seed of this, as of a | not so large as the New Orleans Egg-
good many other tropieal or sub-trop- | Plant, but equal in flavor. For market
ical vegetables, is preferable to North- | it will not sell as well as the former;

Large Purple, or New Orleans readily, and the plant will last longer
|
ern seed, as it will germinate more | desirable for family garden.

ENDIVE.

CHICOREE (Fr.), ENDIVIEN (Ger.), ENDI@ia (Sp.).

A salad plant which is very popular and much cultivated for the market, prin-
cipally for summer use. Jt can be sown in drills a foot apart, and when the plants
are well up, thinned out till about eight inches apart. Or it can be sown broad-
cast thinly and transplanted the same as Lettuce. When the leaves are large
enough, say about eight inches long, tie them up for blanching, to make them fit
for the table. This can only be done in dry weather, otherwise the leaves are apt
to rot. For summer use do not sow before the end of March, as if sown sooner, the
plants will run into seed very early. Sow for a succession during the spring and
summer months. For winter use sow in September and October.

Green Curied. Is the most desir-
able kind, as it stands more heat than
the following sort, and is the favorite
market variety.

Extra Fine Curied. Does not grow
quite so large as the foregoing, and is
more apt to decay when there is a wet
summer. Better adapted for winter. :

Broad-Leaved, or Escaroile. =
Makes a fine salad when well grown
and blanched, especially for summer. Green Cnrled Endive.

GARLIC.

Gariic. There is more Garlicgrown | oneinchdeep. The distance between the
in Louisiana than in any other State, or | rows depends upon the mode of cultiva-
allStates together. Itisastaple product | tion ; if planted in the garden, a foot be-
of the lower Parishes. It is raised | tween the rows is sufficient. It is culti-
for home consumption and shipping. It | vated like Onions: in the Spring they are
is used for flavoring stews, roasts, and | taken upand plaided together ina string
various other dishes. People from the | by the tops. One of these strings con-
South of Europe use much more than | tains about from 50 to 70 heads in double
the inhabitants of the United States.—It | rows ; they are then stored or rather
should be planted in October and | hungupinadry,airy place. They keep
November, in drills two to three feet | trom 6 to 8 months.

apart, about six inches in the drills and

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. ol

KOHL-RABI, or TURNIP-ROOTED CABBAGE.

Cuou Navet (Fr.), Koui-Rasgi (Ger.), Cot pE Naso (Sp.).

This vegetable is very popular with the European population of this city, and
largely cultivated here. It is used for soups, or prepared in the same manner as
Cauliflower. For late fall and winter use
it should be sown from the end of July
till the middle of October ; for spring use
during January and February. When
the young plants are one month old
transplant them in rows one foot apart,
and about the same distance in the rows.
They also grow finely if sown broad-cast
and thinned out when young, so that
the plants are not too crowded; or, they
_may be sown in drills, and cultivated
the same as Ruta Bagas.

Early White Vienna. The finest
variety of all, and the only kind I keep.
It is early, forms a smooth bulb, and has
few small leaves. The so-called large
White or Green is not desirable.

LEEK.

Porreat (Fr.), Laucw (Ger.), Purro (Sp.).

A species of Onion, highly esteemed
for flavoring soups. Should be sown
broad-cast and transplanted, when
about six to eight inches high, into rows
a foot apart, and six inches apart in the
rows. Should be planted at least four
inches deep. They require to be well
cultivated in order to secure large roots.
Sow in October for winter and spring
use, and in January and February, for
summer.

Large London Flag. Is the most
desirable kind, and the most generally
grown.

Large Carentan. This is a new pe
French variety which grows to a very Ai yl
large size. Large London Flag Leek.

LETTUCE.

Lartvue (Fr.), Larricu (Ger.), LecHuGa (Sp.).

h\ DM ie
A\ WZ Pe
Oe i

Early Cabbage, or White Butter- Head. White Paris Coss.
Improved Royal Cabbage. Perpignan.

Brown Dutch Cabbage. New Orleans Improved Large Passion.
Drumhead Cabbage. .

: Lettuce is sown here during the whole year by the market gardener. Ofcourse
it takes a great deal of labor to produce this vegetable during our hot summer

52 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

months. For directions how to sprout the seed during that time, see ‘‘Work for
June.” The richer and better the ground the larger the head will be. No finer
Lettuce is grown anywhere else than in New Orleans during fall and spring. The
seed should-be sown broad-cast, when large enough, planted out in rows a foot
apart, and from eight to ten inches apart in the rows. Some kinds grow larger
than others; for instance, Butterhead will not require as much space as Drumhead
or Perpignan.

Drumhead Cabbage Lettuce.

Early Cabbage or White Butter. White Paris Coss Lettuce.

Early Cabbage, or White But- | popular as many other kinds ; good for
ter. An early variety, forming a solid | winter.
head, but not quite so large as some Drumhead Cabbage. An excel-
others. Itis the best kind for family | lentspring variety, forming large heads,
use, to sow during falland early spring. | the outer leaves curled.
as itis very early and of good flavor. | White Paris Coss. This is very
Improved Royal Cabbage. This | popular with the New Orleans market
is the most popular variety in this State. | cardeners, as it is the favorite with the
Heads light green, of large size, and | French population. It grows to perfec-
about two weeks later than the White tion and forms large, fine heads, partic-
Butter. Itis very tenderand crisp; can | ularly in the spring of the year.
be sown later in the spring than the Perpigman. A fine German variety
foregoing kind, and does not run into which forms large, light green heads,
seed so quickly. | and which stands the heat better than —

i PEPE REN _. | the Royal. Itis much cultivated for the |
Brown Dutch Cabbage. A very market, as it thrives well when sown

hard kind, forms a solid head; not so | during the latter end of spring.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 53

New Orieans Improved
Large Passion. This is a
large Cabbage Lettuce intro-
duced by me from California ;
it attains a large size, grows
slowly, but heads very hard.
It does better here during late
autumn and winter than in
summer, as it cannot stand
the heat. If sown late in the
fall and transplanted during
winter, it grows to very large
heads, hard and firm. It is
the kind shipped from here
in the spring, and cannot be
surpassed for that purpose.

MUSK OR CANTELOUPE.

Osage. Karly White Japan.
Netted Nutmeg. Persian or Cassaba.
Netted Citron. New Orleans Market.

Pine Apple.

Melons require a rich sandy loam. If the ground is not rich enough, a couple
of shovels full of rotted manure should be mixed into each hill, which ought to be
from five to six feet apart ; drop ten or twelve seeds, and when the plants have two
or three rough leaves, thin out to three or four plants. Canteloupes are cultivated
very extensively in the neighborhood of New Orleans; the quality is very fine and
far superior to those raiséd in the North. Some gardeners plant during February

Note.—The above cut represents the New Orleans Melon; it has been taken from a common speci-
men grown by one of my customers, who raises the seed of this variety for me.

and cover with boxes, the same as described for Cucumbers.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

When Melons are

ripening, too much rain will impair the flavor of the fruit.

Osage Musk Melon. Novelty from
last year. This variety is cultivated
largely for the Chicago Market. It is
small and does not look very attractive,
but is of excellent flavor.

Recommend |

it highly for family use or for shipping |

West. It will not sell well in this mar-
ket until its fine eating qualities are
better known. People here are accus-

tomed to roughly netted melons, such |

as the New Orleans Market. The Osage
is smooth, very slightly netted.

Netted Nutmeg Melon. ‘Small
oval melon, roughly netted, earlt, and
of fine flavor.

Netted Citron Canteloupe. This
variety is largerthan the foregoing kind ;
it is more rounded in shape, of medium
size and roughly netted.

Pine Apple Canicloupe. A me-
dium sized early variety. oval in shape,
and of very fine flavor.

Early White Japan Cante-
loupe. An early kind, of creamish
white color, very sweet, and of medium
size.

Persian or Cassaba. A large va-
riety, of oval shape and delicate flavor.
The rind of this kind is very thin, which
is a disadvantage in handling, and pre-
vents it from being planted for the mar-
ket. Very fine for family use.

New Orieans Market. A large
species of the citron kind. It is exten-
sively grown for this market; large in
size, very roughly netted and of luscious
flavor: different altogether from the
Northern Netted Citron, which is earlier
but not so fine in flavor, and not half
the size of the variety grown here. The
New Orleans Market cannot be excelled

Osage Melon.

by any othér variety in the world. Ina
favorable season it is a perfect gem. I
have tried it alongside of varieties prais-
ed at the North, such as are brought out
every year,—but none of them could
compare with the New Orleans Market.
As for some years past the seeds were
searce I had some grown North, but
they lost their fine qualities, size and
flavor. It requires a Southern sun to
bring the seed to perfection. Small va-
rieties of melons will improve in size if
cultivated here for a number of years,
and if care is taken that no Cucumbers,
Squashes, Gourds or Pumpkin are culti-
vated in the vicinity. If the best and
earliest specimens are selected for seed,
in three or four years the fruit will be
large and fine.

WATER.
MELON D’Eat (Fr.), WAssERMELONE (Ger.), SANDIA (Sp.).

Mountain Sweet.
Mountain Sprout.
Ice-Cream ( White Seeded.)
Orange.

Rattle Snake.

Cuban Queen.

Mammoth Iron Clad.
Pride of Georgia.
Kolb Gem.

Florida’s Favorite.
Oemler’s Triumph.
Seminole.

Water Melon will grow and produce in places where Canteloupe will not do

well.

The soil for this plant should be light and sandy.

Plant in hills about eight ©

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 55

feet apart, eight to twelve seeds in a hill; when the plants are well up thin out to

three.
clean till the vines touch.

Mountain Sweet.
This was once a very
popular variety; it is of
oblong shape, flesh bright
scarlet, and of good fla-
vor. It is very produc-
tive.

Mountain Sprout.
This, 4s similar in jthe
shape to the foregoing
variety, but rather later.
it is light green with
irregular stripes of dark
ereen. Flesh bright s¢car-
let. SQL

Tee-Cream. (WHITE .
SEEDED.) A medium sized U4 ze

The plants should be hoed often, and the ground between the hills kept

Mountain Sweet.

variety of excellent qual-

ity. Itis early and very A

Z
SSS

——
productive. Being thin Sapir nee =

. BS ares SSS ee a SS S

in the rind it is not so well a oe

adapted for the market
as the other kinds; not-
withstanding this, it is
grown exclusively by
some for that, on account
of its earliness. It has
come into general culti-
vation more and more
every year, as it is very
sweet, and sells readily
in the market.

Orange. Quite a dis-
tinct variety from the
others. The rind can be
peeled off the same as the skin of an
orange. It is of medium size, fair quali-
ty. Very little cultivated.

Rattie Smake. An old Southern
variety which has come into notice of
late years. It is of large size, light
green, with large dark stripes, and is
identical with the Gipsey. Fine market
variety. It stands transportation better
than most other kinds: has been the
standard market variety till the Kolb’s
Gem was introduced. However, italways
will remain a favorite with market-gar-
deners. The seed [ offer ofthis variety,
is grown for me by one of the best

Mountain Sprout.

Cuban Queen.

growers in Georgia. It is of the purest
strain that can be found.

Cuban Queen. A striped variety;
highly reecommended by Northern
seedsmen:; said to reach from fifty to
seventy pounds. Sweet and of delicate

' flavor; it does not grow as large here as

said it does North.

Mammoth rom Ciad. A new
variety; highly recommended North.
It did not do as well as Southern raised
seed. I have the seed now grown in
Florida, and, no doubt, it will give bet-
ter satisfacton.

Pride of Georgia. A new Melon

56 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

from Georgia, of excellent quality; at-
tains a large size when well cultivated.
A very good variety for family use.

Kolb Gem. Only a few years since
this variety has been introduced, but
the shipping qualities are so good,
that the bulk of melons raised for the
market are of that kind. Flesh crimson,
very thin but tough rind; fine flavor and
full of flesh, no hollow in the middle.
It is the heaviest melon for its size.
What I offer are Southern grown seeds,
which stand the sun better and produce
larger and more Melons than Northern
grown seeds.

Florida’s

Favorite.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 59

Florida’s Favorite. This variety
was introduced three years ago. It origi-
nated with W. M. Girardeau, of Monti-
cello, Fla. It is an excellent variety.
very prolific, earlier than the Kolb Gem,
Rattlesnake or Pride of Georgia, and

YUM)

ZZ
Yy

WW %

very fine for the table. Itis notas good
for shipping as the Kolb Gem, or Rattle-
snake; itis of medium size, colored with
light and dark green stripes alternately,
flesh deep red, deliciously sweet, very
firm and crisp. One of the best Melons.

\
AWN
\

DRS
NS

RQ QB \
EC KC GG

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Oemier’s Triumph. This Melon
originated on the borders of the Black
Sea, in Russia. The seeds are so
diminutive that a No. 6 thimble will
hold 55 of them, whereas it holds only 7
of those of our ordinary water melon
seeds, hence they can be swallowed
withoutinconvenience. It is very early
and very productive. In shape it isa
short oval. weighing about 15 ]bs., more
or less. The color is a dark mottled

green, and that of the flesh a dark red

with an edging of orange yellow. ithas
no light colored or tasteless core. Its
flavoris very sweet. Good for family use.

Seminole. Novelty of last year. A
very early Melon, oblong in shape, of
two colors, some gray and others light
green, resembling the Ice Cream, but
larger in size. It is fine flavored and
very productive.

MUSTARD.

Movutarbk (Fr.}, SENF (Ger.), Mostaza (Sp.).

White or Yellow Seeded.
Chinese

Large-Leaved Curled.

very large Cabbage-Leaved.

This is grown to quite an extent in the Southern States, and is sown broad-cast

during fall, winter and spring.
meat as greens.
chiefly for medical purposes

in Louisiana.

Large-Leaved Curied. This is
the favorite kind here, sown largely for
the market. Leaves are pale green, large
and curled or scalloped on the edges.

Chinese Very Large Cabbage-
Leaved. This is a European variety,
with light green very large leaves.
has not the same taste as the large-

It may be used the same as spinach, or boiled with
The White or Yellow Seeded is very little cultivated, and is used
. or pickling.
seed, a distinct kind from the Northern or European variety.
It makes very large leaves:

The large-leaved or Curled has black
The seed is raised
cultivated more and more every year.
leaved or the large curled, but will stand

longer beiore going to seed.

New Goiden Leaved. This variety
is of recent introduction. The smooth
leaves are very light green, almost yel-
low, from which the name. Itis of good
flavor, and when prepared for the table
cannot be distinguished from Spinach.

FoR ‘tHE SOUTHERN STATRS. 59

Je 2g eee ship Nb poeple og typ

NASTURTIUM.

CAPUCINE (Fr.), INDIANISCHE KREsSE (Ger.}, CAPUCHINA (Sp.).
Tall. | Dwaryf.
Planted here only for ornament. (For description, see List of Climbing

Plants. ) 0 K R ig

Green Tall- Growing. | Dwarf Green. | White Velvet.

This is a highly esteemed vegetable in the South, and no garden, whether small
or large, is without it. It is used in making ‘Gumbo,’ a dish the Creoles of
Louisiana know how to prepare better than any other nationality. Itis also boiled
in salt and water, and served with vinegar as a salad, and is considered a very
wholesome dish. Should not be planted before the ground is warm in spring as the

seeds are apt to rot.

Sow in drills, which ought to be two to three feet apart, and

when up, thin out, and leave one or two plants every twelve or fifteen inches.

‘Fall Growing. This is the variety
most cultivated here. The pods are
long, round towards the end, and keep
tender longer than the square podded
kind.

Dwarf Green. This is a very early
and prolific variety, and remains tender
longer than any other. It has come
into general cultivation, planted much
more than the tall. It may be said
here, that all dwarf varieties, when culti-
vated here in this locality for some
years, will grow taller every year.

Dwarf White. Similar to the fore-
going kind, except the pods being of a
light green color.

Velvet. A white variety; dwarf, with
round, smooth pods, free from ridges
and seams, and not prickly to the touch ;
very prolific and early. I tried this
variety the last three years, and solda
good deal of the seed last year. It has
come up to what is claimed for it. I re-
commend it to all who have not tried it.

Tall Growing Okra,

66 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

ONION.

OGNON (Fr.), ZwIEBEL (Ger.), CEBOLLA (Sp.).
Louisiana or Creole. | White Queen.

The Onion is one of the most important vegetables, and is grown to a large ex-
tent in Louisiana. It is one of the surest crops to be raised, and always sells.
Thousands of barrels are shipped in Spring from here to the Western and Northern
States. There is one peculiar feature about raising Onions here, and that is, they
ean only be raised from Southern or so-called Creole seed. No seed from North,
West, or any part of Europe, will produce a merchantable Onion in the South.
When the crop of Creole seed is a failure, and they are scaree, they will bring a
good price, having been sold as highas ten dollars a pound, when at the same time
Northern seed could be had for one-fourth of that price. Northern raised seed can

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 61

be sown to be used green, but as we have Shallots here which grow during the
whole autumn and winter, and multiply very rapidly, the sowing of seed for green
Onions is not profitable. Seed ought to be sown from the middle of September
to the end of October; if sown sooner, too many will throw up seed stalks. When
the month of September has been dry and hot, the beds where the seeds are sown
ought to be covered with moss. Where this cannot be had, palmettos can be used,
but they should be taken off in the evening and replaced in the morning. When
the seeds are well up, this is no longer necessary, but watering should be continued.
—They are generally sown broad-cast, and when the size of a goose quill should be
transplanted into rows one to two feet apart, and about five inches in the rows.
Onions are different, in regard to rotation, from other vegetables. They do best if
raised on the same ground for a succession of years. Onions did not bring very
high prices, owing to the very heavy yield, the largest ever made in Louisiana upon
the same acreage. The crop of seed has been very large the past season; the best
ever made since twenty-five years. Have been able to fill all orders, and plenty of
seed left to sow for sets. Expect to have enough Creole Sets the coming fall to fill
all orders.

Louisiana or Creole Onion. This | been selling of this kind, for a number

is generally of a light red color, darker
than the Strassburg, and lighter in color
than the Wethersfield. The seed I have

of years, has been raised on Bayou La-
fourche, and has never failed to make
fine large Onions.

The crop of Creole Onion seed having failed some years ago, I sold a good deal
of Italian seed and had ample opportunity to see the results. The Giant Roea I
have discarded ; it takes too long to bulb and is very spongy. The Bermuda and
Red Tripoli have done fairly, but the Onions do not mature as early as the Creole,
and do not keep so well, although attaining a very large size, and more so the Ber-
muda. They are of mild flavor, and well adapted to be used up in spring; but I
would not reeommend them to be raised for shipping, except the White Queen,

ITALIAN ONIONS.

White Queen. This is a medium
sized, white variety from Italy, very
early and flat; can be sown as late as
February, and good sized bulbs will yet

be obtained. It is of mild flavor and
very fine when boiled and dressed for
the table. It can not be too highly
recommended.

SHALLOTS.

ECHALLOTTE (Fr.), SCHALOTTEN (Ger.).

A small sized Onion which growsin clumps.
and used in its green state for soups, stew, ete.
and White; the latter variety is the most popular.
are divided and set outin rows a foot apart, and four to six inches in the rows.

It is generally grown in the South,
There are two varieties, the Red

In the fall of the year the bulbs
They

grow and multiply very fast, and can be divided during winter, and set out again.
Late in spring, when the tops become dry, they have to be taken up, thoroughly

_ dried, and stored in a dry airy place.

PARSLEY.

Persit (Fr.), PETERSILIE (Ger.), PERsIL (Sp.).

Plain Leaved.
Double Curled.

Improved Garnishing.

Parsley can be sown during the fall from August to October, and during
spring, from the end of January tothe endof April. Itis generally sown broad-cast,

62 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Plain Meaved. This is the kind | flavor as the other kind, but is not so
raised for the New Orleans market. popular.
Improved Garnishing This is
Double Curled. The leaves ofthis | the best kind to ornamenta dish; it has
variety are curled. It has the same ' the same flavor as the other kinds.

PARSNIP.

Panals (Fr.), PASTINAKE (Ger.), Pastinaca (Sp.).
Hollow Crown, or Sugar.

Should be sown in deep, mellow soil, deeply spaded, as the roots are long, in
drills twelve to eighteen inches apart; when the plants are three inches high, thin
out to three inches apart in the row. Sow from September to November for winter,
and January to March for spring and summer crops.

The Hollow Crown, or Sugar, | sesses all the good qualities for which
is the kind generally cultivated ; it pos- | other varieties are recommended.

PEAS.

Pors (Fr.), ERBst (Ger.), GUISANTE (Sp.).
EARLIEST.
Cleveland’s Alaska, 23 feet. | Early Tom Thumb, 1 foot.
Extra Early, or First and Best, 25 feet. Laxton’s Alpha, 3 feet.
Early Washington, 3 feet. American Wonder, 13 feet.

SECOND CROP.

Bishop’s Dwarf Long Pod, 13 feet. McLean’s Little Gem, 13 feet.
Champion of England, 5 feet. Laxton’s Prolific Long Pod, 3 feet.
McLean’s Advancer, 3 feet. | Eugenie, 3 feet.

Carter’s Stratagem, 22 feet. | Carter’s Telephone, 5 feet.

GENERAL CROP.

Dwarf Blue Imperial, 3-feet. Large White Marrowfat, 4 feet.
Royal Dwarf Marrow, 3 feet. Dwarf Sugar, 23 feet.
Black Eyed Marrowfat, 4 feet. Tall Sugar, 6 feet.

Peas are a fine vegetable, and therefore are very generally cultivated. It is
best to plant in ground manured the previous year, else they will make more vines
than peas. As a general thing the dwarf kinds require richer ground than the
tall growing varieties. Marrowfat Peas planted in rich ground will not bear well,
but they produce finely in sandy light soil.

The Extra Early, Tom Thumb, or Laxton’s Alpha will not produce a large
crop without being in rich ground. Peas have to be planted in drills two inches
deep and from two to three feet apart, according to the height they may grow.
Tom Thumb can be planted one foot apart, whereas White Marrowfat or Cham-
pion of England require three feet. The Extra Karly, Alpha and Tom Thumb can
be planted during August and September for fall. During November and Decem-
ber we plant the Marrowfats; January and February, as late as March, all kinds
can be planted, but for the latter month only the earliest varieties should be used,
as the late varieties will get mildewed before they bring a crop. Peas will bear
much better if some brush or rods are stuck in the drills to support them, except
the very dwarf kinds.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 63

Alaska. This is an extra early Pea,
blue in color, the earliest by a few days
of any other kind; very pure and proli-
fic, the best flavored pea among the Ex-
tra Early smooth podded kinds. Re-
commend it highly.

Extra Early, or First and Best.
This was the earliest Pea cultivated,
until the Alaska was introduced ; very
popular with the small market garden-
ers here, who have rich grounds. It is
very productive and good flavored. The
stock I sell is as good as any other in the
country, not surpassed by any, no mat-
ter whose name is put before ‘Extra
Early.”’

Early Washington, Early May
or Frame, which are all nearly the
same thing; is about ten days later than
the Extra Early. Jt is very productive
and keeps longer in bearing than the
foregoing kind. Pods a little smaller.
Very popular about New Orleans.

Tom Thumb. Very dwarfish and
quite productive. Can be cultivated in
rows a foot apart; requires no branches
or sticks.

Laxton’s Alpha. This is a variety
of recent introduction ; it is the earliest
wrinkled variety in cultivation ; of deli-
cious flavor and very prolific. This va-
riety deserves to be recommended to all
who like a first-class pea. It will come
into general cultivation when better
known.

American Wonder. A wrinkled
pea of dwarf growth, 10 to 12 inches;
it is prolific, early, and of fine quality ;
it comes in after the Extra Early.

Bishop’s Dwarf Long Pod. An
early dwarf variety; very stout and
branching; requires no sticks but sim-
ply the earth drawn around the roots.
It is very productive and of excellent
quality.

Alaska.

64 ¢

Champion of Emnsland. A green,
wrinkled variety of very fine flavor; not
profitable for the market, but recom-
mended for family use.

MeLean’s Advancer. This is an-
other green, wrinkled variety, about two
weeks earlier than the foregoing kind.

MecLean’s Little Gem. A dwarf,
wrinkled variety of recent introduction.
It is early, very prolific and of excellent
flavor. Requires no sticks.

Laxton’s Prelific Long Pod. A
ereen marrow pea of good quality.
Pods are long and well filled. It issec-
ond early, and can be recommended
for the use of market gardeners, being
very prolific.

Eugenie. A white wrinkled variety,
of fine flavor; it is of the same season

Extra Early, or First and Best.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

as the Advancer. Cannot be too highly
recommended for family use.

Carter’s Stratagem. This is a
new wrinkled variety from England.
It is very distinct in vine and foliage,
growing thick and large, does not need
any support. It is the Largest Podded
variety ever brought out, pods 4—5$
inches long, which cannot be surpassed
in flavor, and is very productive. Recom-
mend it highly.

Carter’s Teiephone. Another
wrinkled English late variety; grows
about from 43 to 5 feet high. The pods
are very long containing from 8—12 fine
flavored Peas. It is productive; will
bear twice as much as the Champion of
England which is about of the same
season.

Carter’s Stratagem.

, fat, but of dwarf habit.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 65

Dwarf Blue Imperial. A very good bearer if planted
early, pods are large and well filled.

Royal Dwarf Marrow. Similar tothe large Marrow-

Black-eyed Marrowfat. This kind is planted more
for the market than any other. Itis very productive, and
when young, quite tender. Grows about four feet high.

Large White Marrowfat. Similar to the last
variety, except that it grows about two feet taller, and is
less productive.

Dwarf Sugar. A variety of which the whole pod can
be used after the string is drawn off from the back of the
pod. Three feet high.

Wali Sugar. Has the same qualities as the foregoing
kind, only grows taller, and the pods are somewhat larger.
Neither of these two varieties are very popular here.

THE PEA BUG.

All peas grown near Philadelphia have small holes in
them, caused by the sting of the Pea Bug, while the pod is
forming, when it deposits its egg in it. Later the insect
perfects itself and comes out of the dry pea, leaving the
hole.

The germ of the pea is never destroyed, and they grow
equally as well as those without holes. Market gardeners
in this neighborhood who have been planting these Extra
Early Peas for years, will not take them without holes,
and consider these a trade mark.

- [ S L D O R C O W P = A S ° | Carter’s eae

There are a great many varieties of Cow Peas, different in color and growth.
They are planted mostly for fertilizing purposes and are sown broad-cast; when
in a good stand, and of sufficient height, they are plowed under. The Clay Pea is
the most popular. There are several varieties called erowders, which do not grow
as tall as the others, but produce a great many pods, which are used green, the
same as snap-beans, and if dried, like dried beans, make a very good dish. The
crowders are of an oblong shape, almost pointed at one end; they are on an aver-
ave larger than the other Field Peas. Lady Peas are small, white, with a black
eye; they are generally planted between corn, so that they can run up onit. Dry,
they are considered the very best variety for cookine.

Per re i.

PimMENT (Fr.), SPANISCHER PrerrErR (Ger.), PIMENTO (Sp.).

Bell or Bull Nose. . Red Cherry.

Sweet Spanish Monstrous. Bird Eye.

Sweet Ruby King. Chili.

Golden Dawn Mango. Tabasco.

Long Red Cayenne. Red Cluster. (New.)

Peppers are tender and require to be raised in the hot-bed. Seed should be
sown in January, and when large enough transplanted into the ground in rows
from one and a half to two feet apart, and a foot to a, foot and a half in the rows.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

There are more Peppers raised here than in other sections of the country; the hot
varieties are used for seasoning and making pepper sauce; the mild variety is
highly esteemed for salad. Care should be taken not to grow different kinds close

together, as they mix very readily.
Sweet Spanish or lFonstrous.
A very popular variety, much culti-
vated. Itis very mild, grows toa large
size, tapering towards the end, and,
when-green, is used as a salad. Supe-
rior for that purpose to any other kind.
Sweet Pepper, Ruby King. This
variety grows to a larger size than the

Sweet Spanish Monstrous, and is of |

The fruit is from 5 to
about 3 to 4 inehes in

different shape.
6 inches long by

Long Red Cayenne Pepper.

diameter, and ofa bright red color. It
is remarkably mild and pleasant in
flavor, and can be sliced and eaten as a
salad, the same as the Spanish Mon-
strous. Single plants ripen from 8 to 10
fruits, making this variety both produc-
tive and profitable. A decided acquisi-
tion.

Goiden Dawn Mango. Thissweet
pepper attracted much attention for the
last four years, and was admired by all

Red Cherry Pepper.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

I aU a enn nc ennc nnn Tanne

I believe it to be all the
originator claims for it. In shape and
size it resembles the Bell. Color, @
bright waxy golden yellow; very brilliant
and handsome. Single plants ripen
from twelve to twenty-four fruits, mak-
ing them productive and profitable.
They are entirely exempt from any fiery
taste or flavor, and can be eaten as
readily as an apple.

Beil or Bull Nose. Isa large ob-
long variety which is not sweet or mild,
as thought by some people. The seeds

are very hot. Used for pickling.

' Long Red Cayenne. Is very hot
and pungent. Cultivated here and used
for pepper sauce and seasoning pur-
poses. There are two varieties, one is
long and straight, and the other like
shown in cut, whichis the only kind [I |
keep.

Wed Cherry. Asmali roundish va-
riety, very hot and productive.

Bird Eye. Small, as the name indi-
eates. It is very hot and used princi-
pally for pepper vinegar.

Chili. A small variety, from three-

who saw it.

Wabasco. True. Another small va-
riety, used more for pepper sauces than
any other kind; the fruit is easily
gathered, growing almost erect on the
branches.

Red Cluster Pepper.

Red Ciuster. A new variety of
which the pods grow in bunches, upright
like the Chili which the pods resemble,
but are a little larger. It is quite dis-
tinct; ornamental on account of the

fourths to an inch long. It is strong,
and used for pepper sauce; very prolific. |

bright fruit and compact growth of the
plant. Itis hot and pungent.

POTATOES.

PoMME DE TeRRE (Fr.), Kagrorren (Ger.).

Early Rose. | Snowflake.
Breese’s Peerless. | Beauty of Hebron.
Russets. — | White Elephant.
Extra Barly Vermont. | Rural Blush.

Potatoes thrive and-produce best in a light, dry but rich soil. Well decom-
posed stable manure is the best, but if not to be had, cotton seed meal, bone dust,
or any other fertilizer should be used to make the ground rich enough. If the
ground was planted the fall previous with Cow Peas, which were plowed under, it
_ will be in good condition for Potatoes. Good sized tubers should be selected for
planting, which can be cut in pieces not too small; each piece ought to contain at
Jeast three eyes. Plant in drills from two to three feet apart, according to the
space and how to be cultivated afterwards. Field culture two and a half to three
feet apart; for garden, two feet will answer. We plant potatoes here from end of
December to end of March, but the surest time is about the first of February. If
planted early they should be planted deeper than if planted late, and hilled up as
they grow. If potatoes are planted shallow and not hilled soon, they will suffer
more, if caught by a late frost, than if planted deep and hilled up well. Early po-
tatoes have not the same value here as in the North, as the time of planting is so
long, and very often the first planting gets cut down by a frost, and a late planting,

68 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

which may just be peeping through the ground, will escape and produce in advance.

of the first planted. A fair crop of potatoes can be raised here if planted in August;
if the autumn is not too dry, they will bring nice tubers by the end of November.
They should not be cut if planted at this time of the year, but planted whole.
They should be put in a moist place before planting, so they may sprout. The
early varieties are preferable for this time of planting.

I have been handling several thousand barrels of potatoes every season for
planting, and make Seed Potatoes a specialty. The potatoes I sell are Eastern
grown, which,’as every one interested in potato culture knows, are superior and
preferable to Western grown.

IT have tried and introduced all new kinds here; but of late so many have come
out that it is almost impossible to keep up with them. New varieties of potatoes
come out with faney prices, but these prices for new potatoes do not pay here, as
we can keep none over for seed, and any person raising for the market would not
realize a cent more fora new fancy variety per barrel, than for a barrel of good Peer-
less or Early Rose. Earliness is no consideration, as we plant from December to
end of March. Somebody may plant Early Rose in December and another in Feb-
ruary, and those planted in February come to the market first; it depends entirely
upon the season. If late frosts set in, early planted potatoes will be cut down, and
those just coming out of the ground will not be hurt.

Up to now the Peerless is the standard variety. Among the new kinds I have
tried, I find the White Elephant to be a fine potato. It is a very strong grower,
tubers oblong, very productive, good quality and flavor. It is late, and will come
in at the end of the season, if planted with the earlier varieties. The Extra Early
Vermont, Beauty of Hebron, Snowflake and Early Rose for early, and Peerless and
White Elephant for late, are as good varieties as exist, and it is not likely that we

_will have anything better by new introductions. The Rural Blush, which I intro-
duced some years ago, may be added to the late varieties; it is of excellent quality,
strong grower and yields heavily. Most people are not careful enough in selecting
their seed. Some of the potatoes soid in this market for seed are not fit for planting.

For the description of some new varieties of potatoes, tried the past season, see
**Novelties.”’ Give them a trial.

Extra Early Vermont.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 69

he
fh, ' J

\N Hii i iN ili
\ i) | Hi Hy
ny | , “ We

GN
| [Na im )
Nek

Snowflake.

Early Rose.
doubt, the best potato for the table.
It is oval, very shallow-eyed, pink-
skinned, very dry, and mealy when
boiled. It has not become so popular
as it deserves as a market variety, as
pink or red potatoes do not sell so well
here as the white kinds. This variety
should not be planted too soon, from the
fact that they make small stalks, and if
cut down by frost, they suffer more than
other varieties; but they want rich,
light soil to grow to perfection.

Breese’s Peerless, Sixteen years
ago this variety was introduced, yet at
present it is the leading variety for mar-
ket as well as for family use. Skin dull
white, sometimes slightly russetted;
eyes few and shallow, round, occa-
sionally oblong; grows to a large size;
very productive and earlier than the
Jackson White. As white potatoes are
more salable than pinkish kinds, and as
this variety is haridsumein appearance,

and of good quality, it has become the |

general favorite in this section.
Russets. Vhis kind is still planted
bvsome. It isround, reddish and slight-
lv russetted. Eyes deep and many.
Very productive, but not so fine a qual-
ity assome others. Does best in sandy
soil, such as we have along the lake
coast. If the season is dry it will do

This is, without any |

| ductive.

well, but in a wet season, this variety
will rot quicker than any other.

Extra Early Vermont. Very sim-
ilar to the Early Rose, but of a stronger
growth; a little earlier, and the tubers
are more uniform and larger. Itis an
excellent table variety.

Snowflake. This is a very early
variety. Tubers good medium size,
elongated, very uniform and quite pro-
Eyes flat on the body of the
tuber, but compressed on the seed end.
Skin white, flesh very fine grained, and
when boiled, snow-white.

Beauty of Hebron. I have tried
this variety thoroughly and found it in
every particular as has been repre-
sented. It is earlier than the Early
Rose, which resembles it very much,
being a little lighter and more russetted
in color. It is very productive and of
excellent table quality; more mealy
than the Early Rose, but smaller.

White Elephant. This variety has
again given entire satisfaction the past
season. The tubers are large and of ex-
cellent quality ; planted alongside of the
Peerless, it produced fully one third
more than that variety.

BRural Blush. Second early, tubers
roundish flattened, blush skin, flesh
slighted with pink. Very dry and of
excellent quality. A heavy yielder,

70 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

THE SWEET POTATO.

Convolvulus Batatas.

The sweet Potato is next to corn the most important food crop in the South.
They are a wholesome and nutritious diet, good for man and beast. Though cul-
tivated to a limited extent on the sandy lands of New Jersey and some of the middle
States, it thrives best on the light rich lands of the South, which bring their red
and golden fruits to greatest perfection under the benign rays ofa southern sun. It
is a plant of a warm climate, a child of the sun, much more nutritious than the Irish
Potato on account of the great amount of saccharine matter it contains, and no
southern table should be found without it from the first day of August till the last
day of May. Some plant early in spring the potato itself in the prepared ridges,
and cut the vine from the potato when large enough, and plant them out; others
start the potatoes in a bed prepared expressly for that purpose, and slip off the
sprouts as they come up, and set these out. The latter method will produce the
earliest potatoes; others who set the vines, say that they make the largest tubers.
In preparing the land the soil should be thoroughly pulverized, the ridges laid off
about five feet apart, well drawn up and rather flat ontop. Ifeverything is ready,
and time for planting has arrived, do not wait for a rain, make a paste of clay and
cow manure; in this dip the roots of the slips and press the earth firmly around
them. Old slips are more tenacious of life than young ones, and will under cir-
cumstances answer best. Watering afterwards, if dry weather continues, of course
will be beneficial.- Otherwise plant your vines and slips just before or aftera rain.
Two feet apart in the rows is considered a good distance. The ridges should never
be disturbed by a plow from the time they are made until the potatoes are ready to
be dug.

Scrape off the grass and young weeds with the hoe, and pull up the large ones
by hand. Crab grass is peculiarly inimical to the sweet potato, and should be
carefully kept out of the patch. The vines should never be allowed to take root
between the rows. Sweet potatoes should be dug before a heavy frost occurs; a
very light one will do no harm. The earth should be dry enough to keep it from
sticking to the potatoes. The old fashioned potato bank is the best arrangement
for keeping them, the main points being a dry place and ventilation.

Varieties generally cultivated in the South.

frequently, under favorable circum-
stances, giving good sized tubers two
months after planting the vine. Very
productive, having given 300 bushels per

The Yam. Taking into considera-
tion quality and productiveness, the
Yam stands at the head of the list.
Frequently, when baked, the saccharine

matterin the shape of candy will beseen
hanging to them in strings. Skin and
flesh yellow and very sweet. Without
a doubt, the best potato for family use.

Southern Queen. Very similar to
the former, but smoother, the tubers
having no veins or very few;; it is earlier.

Shanghai or California Yam.
This is the earliest variety “we have,

acre when planted early and on rich
land. Is almost the only kind cultivated
for the New Orleans market.
white or yellow, flesh white, dry and
mealy, in large specimens frequently
stringy. iy

There are some other varieties of Sweet Potatoes highly prized in the West, but

not appreciated here.

The Red and Yellow Nansemond are of a fine quality and

productive, but will not sell so well as the California Yam, when taken to market.
For home consumption they are fine, and deserve to be cultivated,

Skin duil —

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 71

PUMPKIN.

Potrron (Fr.), Kiirpiss (Ger.), CALABAZA (Sp.).
Kentucky Field. Cashaw Crook Neck. (Green Striped.)
Large Cheese. | Golden Yellow Mammoth.

Are generally grown in the field, with the exception of the Cashaw, which is
planted in the garden; but great care must be taken not to plant them close to
Squashes or Melons, as they will mix and spoil their quality. Plant in hills from

eight to twelve feet apart.

Golden Yellow Mammoth.

Kentucky Field. lLarge round,
soft shell, salmon color; very produc-
tive; best for stock. Z

Large Cheese. This is ofa bright
orange, sometimes salmon color, fine
grained, and used for table or for stock
feeding.

Cashaw Crook Neck. This is
very extensively cultivated in the South
for table use. There are two kinds, one
all yellow and the other green striped
with light yellow color. The latter is
the preferable kind; the flesh is fine
grained, yellow, very sweet, and better
‘than any Winter Squash. It keeps well,
it takes the place here of the Winter
-Squashes, which are very little cul-
tivated. The striped variety has been
cultivated here since a century and
never was found North or West; since a
few years it has been brought out by
Northern Seedsmen as “Japam Pie
Pumpkims.’? I had this kind grown
alongside of the Southern Striped Ca-
shaw, and found it one and the same.

Goiden Yellow Mammoth. This
isavery large Pumpkin. Flesh and skin
are of a bright golden color, fine grained
and of good quality.’ I had some
brought to the store weighing one hun-
dred to one hundred and fifty pounds,
raised on land which was not manured
or fertilized.

Green Striped Cashaw Crook Neck,

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAG AND GARDEN MANUAL

RADISH.

Ranvigs, Rave (Fr.), Rapies, Retria (Ger.), RaBano (Sp.).

Early Long Scarlet.
Chartier’s Long.

Karly Scarlet Turnip.
Golden Globe.

Early Scarlet Olive-shaped.
White Summer Turnip.
Scarlet Half Long French.

This is a very popular vegetable, and grown to a large extent.

Scarlet Olive-shaped, White- Tipped or
French Breakfast.

Black Spanish (Winter).

Chinese Rose (Winter).

White Strasburgh.

White California Mammoth.

The ground for

radishes should be rich and mellow. The early small varieties can be sown broad-
cast among other crops, such as beets, peas, spinach, or where lettuce has been
transplanted. Early varieties are sown in this section the whole year, but during
summer they require frequent watering to make them grow quickly. The Golden
Globe and White Summer Turnip are best for planting during the summer months.
The Half Long Scarlet French is the only red kind raised for the New Orleans
market, and all the other cities in the United States taken together do not use as

many of that one variety as New Orleans does.

I have sold nearly two thousand

pounds of the seed per annum for the last twelve years.

dy, Mg) (i
vy WOE
As
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Early Long Scarlet.

Early Long Scarlet. Thisisavery
desirable variety; it is of a bright scar-
let color; short top and very brittle.

Charitier’s Long Radish. A new
long Radish, described as deep crimson

-tiful bright yellow color.
‘sown very thinly. Best adapted for

eolored at the top, shading off lighter,

until at the bottom it becomes white.
My trials with this variety have not

been satisfactory; the roots are larger,

but not very symmetrical, and not bet-

ter in flavor than the long scarlet. Will
never become a favorite here.
Early Scarlet Turmip. A small,

round variety, the favorite kind for fa-
mily use. It is very early, crisp and
mild when young.

Golden Globe. This stands the
heat better than the foregoing kinds.
It is of an oblong shape, and of a beau-
It should be

summer and fall sowing. The variety
I keep is of the finest strain, and as good
as any ever sold.

Early Scarlet Olive-shaped.
This is similar to the Half Long French,
but shorter, and not quite so bright in
color. It is early and of good quality.
Top short.

White Summer Turnip. This is
a summer and fall variety. Oblong in
shape, skin white, stands the heat well,
but not much used.

Scariet Half Lonmg French.
This is the most popular Radish for the
market. It is of a bright searlet color,

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 73

Early Scarlet Turnip. Scarlet Half Long French. Golden Globe.

and when well grown, from two to three New White Strasburgh. A new
inches long, very brittle and tender. variety, of an oblong, tapering shape;

Scarlet Olive-shaped. White | the skin and flesh are pure white, firm,
tipped, or French Breakfast. . A | brittle and tender, and has the tendency
handsome Radish of the same shape as | of retaining its crispness even when the
the foregoing kind, with end and root | rootsareoldandlarge. It isa very good
white. Quite tender. kind for summer use, as it withstands

Black Spanish. (Wintmr.) This | the severe heat, and grows very quickly.
is sown during fall and early winter. | The seed can be planted throughout
It is oval in shape, very solid, and stands | the summer, and fine large roots will be
considerable cold weather without be- | rapidly formed. It is an excellent va-
ing hurt. It can be sown broad-cast be- | riety for family use, as well as for the
tween Turnips, or planted in rows a! market.
foot apart, thinned out from three to| White California Mammoth.
four inches in the rows. This is a Winter variety of large size,

Chinese Rose. (Winter.) This is | but can be sown here in early Spring.
of a half long shape, bright rose color. | It is the largest of all Radishes, and
It is as hardy as the last described kind, | grows from 8 to 12 inches long, 2 to 3
not so popular, but superior to the fore- | in diameter.
going kind. Consider it the best winter
variety. |

ROQUETTE.

RoqueEtve (Fr).

Sown from September to March. Itis used as a salad, resembling the Cress
in taste.

SALSIFY OR OYSTER PLANT.

SALSIFIS (Fr.), HAFERWURZEL (Ger.’, OSTRA VEGETAL (Sp.).
American. | New Sandwich Island (Mammoth).

A vegetable which ought to be more cultivated than it is. It is prepared in
different ways. It partakes of the flavor of oysters. It should be sown in the fall
of the year; not later than November. The ground ought to be manured the
spring previous, deeply spaded, and well pulverized. Sow in drills about ten
inches apart, and thin out from three to four inches in the rows.

G4 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

ie
i

ALN R

ty peli os
on ey
Hie mi Sa ine

MLL YY 3
TAY TEERMMANY Ss toot ene

SSS

ywy)yypnhiy

= Smee
———_
3 —————=

~.
—=

Sandwich Isiand Mammoth Salsify.
grows much quicker than the old varie-
to be generally cultivated ; but since the | ties, it attains a large size; can be called
introduction of the Sandwich Island | with right mammoth. Jt is very superior
Mammoth, the demand for it has de- | tothe old kinds, and should be generally
creased considerably. cultivated.

New Sandwich Island Salsify.
(Mammoth.) This is a new sort which

SPINACH.

EPINnarD (Fr.), Sprnat (Ger.\, Esprnaco (Sp.).
Extra Large Leaved Savoy. | Broad Leaved Flanders.

American Saisify. This kind used

A great deal of this is raised for the New Orleans Market. It is very popular.
Sown from September to end of March. Ifthe fall is dry and hot, it is useless to sow
it, as the seeds require moisture and cool nights to make them come up. The
richer the ground the larger the leaves.

Extra Large Leaved Savey. The | Broad Leaved Flanders. This
leaves of this variety are large, thick | is the best standard variety, both for
anda littlecurled. Very goodforfamily | market and family use. Leaves large,
use. broad and very succulent.

SORREL.

OSEILLE (Fr.), SAUERAMPFER (Ger.), ACEDERA (Sp.).

Planted in drills a foot apart, during the fall of the year, and thinned out from
three to four inches in the drills. Sorrel is used for various purposes in the kitchen.
It is used the same as Spinach; also in soups and as a salad.

SQUASH.

CourGce (Fr.), Ktirpiss (Ger.), CaLaBaza TONTANERA (Sp.).
Early Bush, or Patty Pan. The Hubbard.
Long Green, or Summer Crook Neck. Boston Marrow.
London Vegetable Marrow.
- Sow during March in hills from taree to four feet apart, six to eight seeds.
When well up, thin them out to three of the strongest plants. For a succession

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 75

they can be planted as late as June. Some who proteet by boxes, plant as soon as

the first of February, but it is best to wait till the ground gets warm.

When it is

time to plant Corn, it is also time to plant Squash.

Early Bush or Patty Pan.

Early Bush, or Patty Pan. Is
the earliest and only popular kind here.
All other varieties are very little culti-
vated, as the Green Striped Cashaw
Puroapkin takes their place. It is of
dwarfish habit, grows bushy, and does
not take much room. Quality as good
as any.

Long green, or Summer Crook-=-
Neck. This is a very strong grower,
and continues in bearing longer than
the first named kind. It is of good
quality, but not so popular.

London Vegetable Marrow. A
European variety, very little cultivated
here. It growsto a good size and is very
dry. Color whitish with a yellow tinge.

Long Green or Summer Crook Neck.

The Hubbard.

The Hubbard. This is a Winter
Squash, very highly esteemed in the
East, but hardly cultivated here. It is,
if planted here, inferior to the Southern
Striped Cashaw Pumpkin which can be
kept from one season to another, and is
superior in flavor to the former kind.

Boston Marrow. Cultivated to a
large extent North and East for winter
use, where it is used for custards, etc. It
keeps for a long time and is of excellent
quality, but not esteemed here, as most
people consider the Southern grown
Cashaw Pumpkin superior to any Win-
ter Squash.

TOMATO.

Tomats (Fr.), LizpesaPpFeL (Ger.), ToMaTE (Sp.). —

King of the Earlies.
Extra Early Dwarf Red.
Early Large Smooth Red.
Trophy, (Selected.)
Large Yellow.

Acme.

Paragon.

Liwingston’s Perfection.
Livingston’s Favorite.
Livingston’s Beauty.

Seed should be sown in January, in hot-beds, or in boxes, which must be placed

in a sheltered spot, or near windows.

In March they can be sown in the open

ground. Tomatoes are generally sown too thick and become too crowded when
two or three inches high, which makes the plants too thin and spindly. If they
are transplanted when two or three inches high, about three inches apart each

76 RICHARD HROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

way, they will become short and sturdy, and will not suffer when planted intc
the open ground. Plant them from three to four feet apart. Some varieties can
be planted closer; for instance, the Extra Harly, which is of very dwarfish habit,
two and a half feet apart is enough.

They should be supported by stakes. When allowed to grow up wild, the fruit
which touches the ground will rot. For a late or fall crop the seed should be sown
towards the latter part of May and during June.

King ofthe Earlies. This variety | aresovery handsome inshape, thatthey
was introduced here by me two years | will sell better than any other, when
ago. It is very early and productive; | the market is once well supplied.

color bright red, of good size and quite Extra Early Dwarf. This is the
solid. The vine is medium, stout and | earliest in cultivation. Itis dwarfish in
branching. The buds appear soon, | habit; fruit larger than the following

blossoms as a rule adhere and produce | kind, and more flat; bright scarlet in
fruit. It is so much earlier than the | color and very productive. For an
Livingston varieties, that it should be | early market variety it cannot be sur-
planted for the first. The latter varieties passed.

King of the Earlies.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 77

Livingston’s Favorite.

Early Large Smooth
Red. An early kind of me-
dium size; smooth and pro-
ductive.

Selected Trophy. A
very large, smooth Tomato,
more solid and heavier than
any other kind. Has become
a favorite variety.

Large Vellow. Thisis
similar in shape to the large
Red, but more solid. Not
very popular.

Aeme. Thisis one of the
prettiest and most solid To-
matoes ever introduced. It
is of medium size, round
and very smooth, a strong
grower, anda good and long
bearer. It is the perfection
of Tomatoes for family use,
but will notanswer for ship-
ping purposes; the skin is
too tender, and cracks when
fully ripe. Of all the varie-
ties introduced, none has yet
surpassed this kind when
all qualities are brought into
consideration. It does well

about here where the ground

is heavy.

-Paragou. This variety
has lately come into notice.
it is very solid, of a bright
reddish crimson color,comes
inabout the same time asthe
Tilden, but is heavier in fo-

Hxtra Early Dwarf.

Aeme Tomato.

RDEN MANUAL

MANAC AND GA

S AL

RICHARD FROTSCHER

ngston’s Beauty.

ivi

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 79

liage, and protects its fruit. It is pro- | It ripens with the Acme or Paragon, but
ductive and keeps long in bearing. Well | keepslonger. Itis very perfect in shape
adapted for shipping. and does not crack, like some of the

Livingston’s Perfection. Very | thin skinned sorts.
similar to the foregoing in shape and
color.

Livingston’s Favorite. This Toma-
to was introduced only a few years ago;
it is as perfect in shape and as solid as
the Acme, but much larger, and of a
handsome dark red color. I had some
sent to me by a customer, and they
surely were the finest specimen of toma- BiG
toes I ever saw, and were admired by
everybody who saw them. They will
keep well, and do not crack.

Livingston’s Beauty. This va-
riety was offered for the first time four
years ago. Itis quite distinct in color,
being a very glossy crimson with a light SSCA iy

ffl

YH)
Wis Llp
tinge of purple, Jighter than the Acme). Paragon.

The seeds of the last five varieties are raised for me by the originators,
Messrs. Livingston’s Sons, and can be relied upon as being true to name
and of superior quality.

TURNIP.

Navet (Fr.), Rtips (Ger.), NaBpo Comun (Sp.).
Early Red or Purple Top Yellow Aberdeen.

(strap-leaved). | Golden Ball.
Early White Flat Dutch,(strap-leaved.) | Amber Globe.
Purple Top Globe. Early Purple Top Munich.
Large White Globe. Improved Ruta Baga.
Pomerian Globe. | Kxtra Early White French, or White
White Spring. | Egg Turnip.

Turnips do best in new ground. When thesoil has been worked long, it should
receive a top dressing of land-plaster orashes. Ifstable manure is used the ground
should be manured the spring previous to sowing, so it may be well incorporated
with the soil. When fresh manure is used the turnips are apt to become speckled.
Sow from end of July till October for fall and winter, and in January, February
and March for spring and summer use. They are generally sown broad-cast, but
the Ruta Baga should be sown in drills, or rather ridges, and should not be sown
later than the end of August; the Golden Ball and Aberdeen, not later than the
end of September. The White Flat Dutch, Early Spring and Pomerian Globe are
best for spring, but also good for autumn.

ariy White Fiat Dutch. (STRAp-
LeaveD.) This is similar to the above
popular kinds. It is flat, with asmall in shape, but considered about a week
tap-root, and a bright purple top. The | earlier. Itis avery popular.

(STRAP-LEAVED.) Thisis one of the most

the bulb. The flesh is finely grained | recent introduction; same shape as the
and rich. Pomerian Globe, but with purple top.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Fine variety for table or for stock.

Liss

not quite so early as the Early Red or —

Purpie Top. [Trecommendit very highly.
Large White Giobe. A very large
variety. mostly grownforstock. It can
be used for the table when young. Flesh
coarse, but sweet; tops very large.
Pomerian Globe. This is selected
fro>m the above. It is smoother and

F
f:andsomer in shape ;goodtoplant early |

Early Red or Purple Top [strap-leaved. |]

When pulled before it is too

in spring.
large it is a very salable. turnip in the
market.

White Spring.
the White Flat Dutch; not quite so >

This is similar to

large, but rounder in shape. The tops
are larger; it is early, a good quality,
and best adapted for spring planting.
Yellow Aberdeen. Thisisa variety
very little cultivated here. It isshaped

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 81

like the Ruta Baga, color yellow with purple top. Good for table use or feeding
stock.

Robertson’s Golden Ball, is the best of the yellow Turnips for table use.
It is very smooth, oval in shape, and of a beautiful orange color. Leaves are small.
Should be sown in the fall of the year, and always in drills, so that the plants can
be thinned out and worked. This kind ought to be more cultivated.

Amber Globe. This is very similar to the above kind.

Extra Early Purple Top

Wiumich. A new kind from Ger- il VEZ’
many; flat, with red or purple AA :

top; same as the American va-
riety, but fifteen days earlier to
mature. Itis very hardy, tender,
and of fine flavor.

Improved Purple Top
Ruta Baga. Thisis grown for
feeding stock, and also for table
use. Itis oblong in shape, yel-
low flesh, very solid. Should al-
ways be sown in rows or ridges.

Extra Earty White
French or White Egg Vur-
mip. Thisisalatelyintroduced | —————
variety; is said to be very early; £& ———_—
tender and crisp. The shape of SSS =
it is oblong, resembling an egg.
Having tried it, I found it as
represented, quickly growing,
tender and sweet. It will never
become a favorite market va-
riety, as only flat kinds sell well
in this market. It has to be
pulled up soon, as it becomes
pithy shortly after attaining ma-
turity.

a
=

= .
ey
=

Pomerian Globe.

Early White Flat Dutch [strap-leaved. | Munich Extra Early Purple Top.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Purple Top Globe.

yu
,

Improved Purpie Top Ruta Baga.

Extra Early White French, or White Egg Turnip.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 83

VOBACEO SEEDS.

Imported Havana. I imported from one of the principal growers the
finest and purest strain of Vuelto Abajo, which is considered the best of the
Havana varieties.

Price, 10 cts. per package—40 cts. per oz., $4.00 per Ib.

Connecticut Seed Leaf. A well-known American variety.

Price, 10 cts. per package, —-25 cts. per 0z.,--$2.50 per lb.

SWEET AND MEDICINAL HERBS.

Some of these herbs possess culinary as wellas medicinal properties. Should be
found in every garden. Ground where they are to be sown should be well prepared
and pulverized. Some of them have very fine seed, and it is only necessary, after
the seed is sown, to press the ground with the back of the spade; if covered too
deep they cannot come up. Early spring is the best time to sow them—some, such
as Sage, Rosemary, Lavender and Basil, are best sown in a frame and ufterwards
transplanted into the garden.

Anise, Pimpinelle Anisum. Lavender, Lavendula Vera.

Balm, Melisse Officinalis. Marjoram, sweet, Origanum Mayoram.

Basil, largeandsmallleaved. Ocymum | Pot Marigold, Calendula Officinalis.
Basilicum. Rosemary, Rosemary Officinalis.

Bene, Sesamum Orientale. Rue, Ruta Graveolens.

Borage, Borago Officinalis. Sage, Salvia Officinalis.

Caraway, Carum Carni. Summer Savory, Satureja Hortensis.

Dill, Anethum Graveolens. Thyme, Thymus Vulgaris.

Fennel, sweet, Anethum Foeniculum. Wormwood, Artemisia Absinthium.

GRASS AND FIELD SEEDS.

IT have often been asked what kind of Grass Seed is the best for this latitude,
but so far I have never been able to answer this question satisfactorily. For hay
I do not think there is anything better than the Millet. For permanent grass I
have almost come to the conclusion that none of the grasses used for this purpose
North and West will answer. Barley, Rye, Red Oats and Rescue Grass will make
winter pasturage in this latitude. Different kinds of Clover answer very well during
spring, but during the hot summer months I have never found anything to stand
and produce, except the Bermuda and Crabgrass, which are indigenous to the South.

Of late years the Lespedeza Striata, or Japan Clover, has been sown exten-
sively, a description of which will be found on page 92.

The Bermuda, in my opinion, is better suited for pasturage than hay, as it is
rather short and hard when cured. Having tried Guinea Grass I have come to the
conclusion that it will not answer here, from the fact that it will freeze out every
year. It will produce a large quantity of hay or green fodder, but has to be resown
every spring. The seeds thatare raised hereare light, and do not germinate freely.
To import seed every year is rather troublesome. The Johnson Grass advertised
by some as Guinea Grass, is not Guinea Grass; it is much coarser, and can hardly
be destroyed after having taken hold of a piece of ground, Some are enthusiastic

84 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

about Alfalfa or Lucerne; others, whose opinion also ought to be respected, say it

will not do here.
seed is the most suitable for the South.

Red Clover. Should be sown either
during fall or early in spring. Six to
eight pounds to an acre.

White Dutch Clover. A grass
sown for pasturage at the rate of four to
six pounds to the acre. Should be sown
in fall and early spring.

Alfalfa or Chitii Clover, or
French Lucerne. This variety does
well here, but the ground has to be well
prepared and deeply plowed. It will
not do in low wet ground. Should be
sown in the fall of the year, or January

a
y s c=.

White Dutch Clover.

_ the most valuable.

There exists a great difference of opinion in regard to which grass

and February; eight to ten pounds per
acre. This being of special value I refer

to the letter written by E. M. Hudson

on the subject.
Almanac.)

Kentucky Blue Grass. (EXTRA
CLEANED.) Shouid be sown in dry soil.
Two bushels per acre. See page 88.

Weadow Fescue, Festuca pratensis.
As a pasture grass I consider this one of
It is not affected by
dry weather, as its roots penetrate the
earth 12 to 15 inches: itis much relished
by all kinds of stock on account of its
long and tender leaves. It yields a
very superior hay when cured. It has
been grown very little in this country
and is deserving of much more attention.
Sow in spriug or fall. Lwo bushels to the
acre. In some sections it is called Ran-
dall Grass. This should not be con-
founded with the English Rye Grass,
offered by some dealers as the same
variety.

(See latter part of this

Alialia or Lucerne Clover.

Australia. It grows during winter.

foR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

Mi, Peet x ye
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\, ANE - a
oa X\ f ata

IN Nie ius
We

Moadow Feseue Grass.

Orchard Grass.

best grasses for pasturing. It grows

‘quickly, much miore so than the Blue

Grass. Can be sown either in fall or
spring. Sow one to one and a half
bushels per acre. (See extract from
“Farmers’ Book of Grasses.’’)

Rescue Grass. A forage plantfrom
Sow
the seed in the fall of the year, but not
before the weather gets cool, as it will
not sprout so long as the ground is
warm. Sow 14 bushels seed to the acre.

Hungarian Grass. This isa valu-
able annual forage plant, and good to
make hay. Sow three pecks to the acre.
It should be cut when in bloom.

German Millet. Of all the Millets
this is the best. It makes good hay,
and produces heavily. Three pecks sown
to the acre broad-cast secures a good
stand. Can be sown from April till June
but the former month is the best time.
Should be cut the same as the foregoing
kind.

Rye. Issown during the fall months
as late as December, for forage; and for
pasturage, during winter and spring.

Barley, Fail. Can be sown fall and
winter, but requires strong, good soil.
Used here for forage during its green
state.

VWexas Red or Rust Proof Oats.
It is only a few years since these oats

This is one of the |

Nea

y } ‘Ai
ie

qi
pay

Amber Sorghum.

have come into general cultivation.
They are very valuable, and will save a
great deal of corn ona farm. The seed of
this variety has a reddish cast, and a pe-
culiar long beard, and is very heavy. It
is the only kind which will not rust in
the Southern climate. They can be sown
as early as October, but should be pas-
tured down as soon as they commence
to joint, till February. Whenthe ground
is low, or the season wet, this cannot
well be done without destroying the
whole crop. During January and Feb-
ruary is the proper time, if no pasturing
can be done. One to one and a half
bushels per acre is sufficient. These
oats have a tendency to stool, and there-
fore do not require as much per acre as
e3smmon oats. Those who have not al-
ready tried this variety should do so.

Sorghum. Is planted for feeding
stock during the spring and early sum-
mer. For this purpose it should be sown
as early in spring as possible in drills
about two to three feet apart; three to
four quarts per acre. It makes excel-
lent green fodder.

Dhouro, or Egyptian Corn.
Sorghum vulgare. This isa well known
eereal. It produces a large quantity of

seed, of which fowls and animals are
fond.—Can also be sown broad-cast, for
soiling or in drills for fodder and seed.
If sowed in drills, one peck of seed per

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

= oO —

acre is ainple.

bushel per acre. For grain, the stalks

should not be nearer than 10 inches in |
the drill, but if to be cut repeatedly for |

soiling, it is better to sow quite thickly
in the hills. Seed should not be sown
too early, and covered from one half to
one inch. If too much rain in the
Spring, the seed will not come well;—
they require more heat than the other
Sorghums.
or Millow Maize produces the seed heads

upright in a vertical position, while the |
others are dropping. The seeds are

If. sown broad-cast, one ,

Rural Branching Sorghum |

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1
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smaller, but will keep longer than the
other varieties. The stalk grows very
large and produces a good many large
leaves. It suckers and tillers more and
more the oftener it is cut. It exceeds
greatly in yield of green fodder any of
the familiar fodder plants, except the
‘““Teosinte.’’—It should be planted ex-
clusively in drills four feet apart, 18 to
20 inches in the drills.

Broom Corm. Can be planted the
same as corn, put the hills closer to-
gether in the row. Six quarts will plant
an acre.

The following extracts have been taken, by permission from the author, Dr.
It is the most valu-

D. L. Phares, from his book ‘‘Farmers’ Book of Grasses.”’

able work of the kind ever published in
the South, and should be in the hands
of every one who takes an interest in
the cultivation of grasses.

Copies for sale at publisher’s price.
Paper covers, 25 cents; Cloth, 35 cents;
postage paid.

ORCHARD GRASS.

(Dactylis Glomerata.)

Of all the grasses this is one of the
most widely diffused, growing in Africa,
Asia and every country in Europe and
all our States. It is more highly es-
teemed and commended than any other
grass, by a larger number of farmers in
most countries—-a most decided proof
of its great value and wonderful adap-
tation to many soils, climates and treat-
ments. Yet, strange to say, though
growing in England for many centuries
it was not appreciated in that couutry
till carried there from Virginia in 1764.
But, as in the case of Timothy, soon af-
ter its introduction from America, it
came into high favor among farmers,
and still retains its hold on their esti-
mation as a grazing and hay crop.

Nor is this strange when its many ad-
vantages and points of excellence are
considered.

holding too much water. If the land
be too tenacious, drainage will remedy
the soil; if worn out, a top dressing
of stable manure will give it a good

It will grow well on any S$
soil containing sufficient clay and not *

Orchard Grass.

FoR THE SOUTHERN STATES;

send-off, and it will furnish several good
mowings the first year.
between 29° and 48° latitude. It may
be mowed from two to four times a year,
according to the latitude, season and
treatment; yielding from one to three
tons of excelient hay per acre on poor
to medium land. In grazing and as
hay, most animals select it in preference
among mixtures in other grasses. In
lower latitudes it furnishes good winter
grazing, as well as for spring, summer
and fall. After grazing, or mowing, few
grasses grow so rapidly (three or six
inches per week), and are so soon ready
again for tooth or blade. It is easily
cured and handled. Itis readily seeded
and catches with certainty. Its long,
deeply penetrating, fibrous roots enable
it to sustain itself and grow vigorously

It grows well |

during droughts that dry up other egrass-
es, except tall oat grass, which has
similar roots and characteristics. It
grows well in open lands and in forests
of large trees, the underbrush being all
cleared off. I have had it grown luxu-
riantly even in beech woods, where the
roots are superficial, in the crotches of
roots and close to the trunks of trees.
The hay is of high quality, and the
young grass contains a larger per cen-
tage of nutritive digestable matter than
any othergrass. Itthrives well without
any renewal on the same ground for
thitty-five, nay forty years; how much
longer, I am not able to say, It is
easily exterminated when the land is
desired for other crops. Is there any
other grass for which so much can be
said ?

- RED TOP GRASS.

(Agrostis Vulgaris.)

This is the best grass of England,
the herd grass of the Southern States ;
not in honor of any man, but probably,
because so well adapted to the herd. It

is called also Fine Top, Burden’s and
Borden’s Grass. Varying greatly in
characters, according to soil, location,
climate and culture, some botanists
have styled it A. Polymorpha. It grows

two to three feet high, and I have mown

it when four feet high. It grows well
on hill tops and sides, in ditches, gullies
and marshes, but delights in moist
bottom land. It is not injured by over-
flows, though somewhat prolonged. In
marshy land it produces a very dense,
strong network of roots capable of sus-
taining the weight of men and animals
walking over it.

It furnishes considerable grazing dur-
ing warm ‘‘spells’”’ in winter, and in
spring and summer an abundant supply
of nutrition, It has a tendency, being
very hardy, to increase in density of
growth and extent of surface, and will
continue indefinitely, though easily
subdued by the plow.

Cut before maturing seed, it makes a
good hay and large quantity. It seems
to grow taller in the Southern States
than it does further North, and to make
more and. better hay and grazing. Red
Top and Timothy, being adapted to the

§8 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAG AND GARDEN MANUAL

same soil and maturing at the same
time do well together, and produce an
excellent hay. But the Red Top will
finally root out Timothy, and if past-
ured much it will do so sooner.

Sow about two bushels (28 lbs.) per

acre, if alone, in September, October,
February, or March; if with Timothy
for hay, from 6 to 10 pounds; if with
other grasses for pasture, 3 to 5 pounds,
It is an excellent pasture grass, and
will grow on almost any kind of soil.

KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS.

(Poa Pratensis.)

This is also called
smooth meadow
grass, spear grass,
and green grass, all
three very appropri-
ate, characteristic
names. But Blue is
a misnomer for this
grass. Itisnotblue,
but green as grass,
and the greenest of
grasses. The P. com-
pressa, flat-stalked
meadow grass, wire
grass, blue grass is
blue, ‘the true blue’
grass from which
the genus received its trivial name.

Kentucky blue grass, known also in
the Eastern States as June grass, al-
though esteemed in some parts of
America as the best of all pasture grass-
es, seems not to be considered very
valuable among English farmers except
in mixtures, It is certainly a very de-
sirable pasture grass however. Its very
narrow leaves, one, two or more feet
long, are in such profusion, and cover
the ground to such depth with their
luxuriant growth, that a mere descrip-
tion could give no one an adequate idea
of its beauty, quantity, and value; that
is on rich land. On poor, sandy land,
it degenerates sadly, as do other things
uncongenially located.

Perennial, and bearing cold and
drought well, it furnishes grazing a large
partofthe year. Itisspecially valuable
as a winter and spring grass for the
South. Tosecure the best winter results,
it should be allowed a good growth in
early fall, so that the ends of the leaves,

Kentucky Blue Grass.

being killed by the frost, affordan ample ©

eovering for the under-part which con-
tinue to. grow all winter; and afford a
good bite whenever required by sheep,
cattle, hogs and horses. In prolonged
summer drought it dries completely, so
that, if fired, it would burn off clean.
But this occurs in Kentucky, where in-
deed it has seemed without fire, to dis-
appear utterly; yet, when rain came,
the bright green spears promptly re-
carpeted the earth.

With its underground stems and many
roots, it sustains the heat and drought
of the Southern States as well as those
of Kentucky, where indeed it is sub-
jected to severer trials of this kind than
in the more Southern States. In fact,
it bears the vicissitudes of our climate
about as well as Bermuda grass, and is
nearly as nutritious.

Blue grass grows well on hill tops,
or bottom lands, if not too wet and too
poor. It may be sown any time from
September to April, preferably perhaps
in the latter half of February, or early
in March. The best eatch I ever had
was sown the 20th of March, on un-
broken land, from which trash, leaves,
etc., had just been burned. The surface
of the land should be cleaned of trash
of all kinds, smooth, even; and if re-
cently plowed and harrowed, it should
be rolled also. The last proceeding is
for compacting the surface in order to
prevent the seed from sinking too deep
in the ground. Without harrowing or
brushing in, many of them get in too
deep to come up, even when the surface
of the land has had the roller over it.
The first rain after seeding will put them
in deep enough, as the seeds are very
minute, and the spears of grass small as
fine needles, and therefore unable to

get out from under heavy cover. These
spears are so small as to be invisible,
except to close examination; and in
higher latitudes, this condition con-
tinues through the first year. Thus,
some who have sown the blue grass
seed, seeing the first year no grass,
imagine they have been cheated, plant
some other crop, and probably lose
what close inspection would have shown
to be a good catch. This, however, is
not apt to occur in the Southern tier of

For THE SOUTHERN STATES. 89

States, as the growth here is more rapid.
The sowing mentioned above, made on
the 20th of March, came up promptly,
and in three months the grass was from
six to ten inches high. One year here
gives a finer growth and show than two
in Kentucky, or any other State so far
North.

Sown alone, 20 to 26 pounds, that is 2
bushels, should be used; in mixtures, 4
to 6 pounds.

ENGLISH OR PERENNIAL RYE GRASS.

(Lolium Perenne.)

This is the
first grass cul-
tivated in Eng-
land over two
centuries ago,
and at a still
more remote
period in
France. It was
long more
widely known
and cultivated
than any other
grass, became
adapted to a great variety of soils and
conditions, and a vast number (seventy
or more) of varieties produced, some of
which were greatly improved, while
others were inferior and became
annuals. Introduced into the United
States in the first quarter of the current
century, it has never become very
popular, although shown by the sub-
joined analysis of Way not to be de-
ficient in nutritive matter. In 100 parts
of the dried grass cut in bloom were

Ss zee

English Rye Grass.

albuminoids 11.85, fatty matters 3.17,
heat-producing principles 42.24, wood
fibre 35.20, ash 7.54. The more recent
analysis of Wolff and Knopp, allowing
for water, gives rather more nutritive
matter than this.

It grows rapidly, and yields heavy
crops of seed; makes good grazing, and
good hay. But, as with all the Rye
grasses, to make good hay, it must be
cut before passing the blossom stage, as
after that it deteriorates rapidly. The
roots being short, it does not bear
drought well, and exhausts the soil,
dying out in a few years. In these re-
spects it is liable to the same objections
as Timothy. The stem, one to two feet
high, has four to six purplish joints and
as many dark green leaves; the flexious
spiked panicle, bearing the distant
spikelets, one in each bend.

It should be sown in August or Sep-
tember, at the rate of twenty-five or
thirty pounds, or one bushel seed per
acre.

TALL MEADOW OAT GRASS.

(Arrhenatherum Avenaceum.)

Evergreen grass in Virginia, and other
Southern States, and it is the Tall Oat
(Avena elatior) of Linzeus. It is closely
related to the common oat, and has a
beautiful open panicle, leaning slightly
to one side. ‘‘Spikelets two flowered,

and a rudiment of a third, open; lowest
flower staminate or sterile, with a long
bent awn below the middle of the back.”’
—(Flint: )

It is widely naturalized and well adapt-
ed to a great variety of soils. Onsandy,

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAG AND GARDEN MANUAL

or gravelly soils, it sueceeds admirably,
growing two or three feet high. On
rich, dry up-
from five to
Seven trees
high. It has
an abundance
of perennial,
long fibrous
roots, pene-
trating deeply
in; »ther es oul
being, there-
fore, less affec-
ted by drought
or cold, anden-
abled to yield a
large quantity
of foliage, win-
ter and sum-
mer. These ad-
vantages ren-
der it one of
the very best grasses for the South,
both for grazing (being evergreen) and
for hay, admitting of being cut twice a
year. It is probably the best winter
erass that can be obtained.

It will make twice as much hay as
Timothy, and containing a greater
quantity of albuminoids and less of heat-
producing principles, itis better adapted
to the uses of the Southern farmer,
while it exhausts the surface soil less,
and may be grazed indefinitely, except

Tall Meadow Oat Grass.

land it grows |

after mowing. To make good hay it
must be cut the instant it blooms, and,
after being cut, must not get wet by dew
or rain, which damages it greatly in
quality and appearance.

ee green soiling, it may be cut four

r fivé times with favorable seasons.
In from six to ten days after blooming,
the seeds begin to ripen and fall, the
upper ones first. Itis, therefore, a little
troublesome to save the seed. As soon
as those at the top of the panicle ripen
sufficiently to begin to drop, the heads
should be cut off and dried, when the
seeds will all thresh out readily and be
matured. After the seeds are ripe and
taken off, the long abundant leaves and
stems are still green, and being mowed
make good hay.

It may be sown in March or AOE:
and mowed the same season; but for
heavier yield, it is better to sow in Sep-
tember or October. Along the more
southernly belt, from the 31° parallel
southward, it may be sown in November
and onward till the middle of December.
Whenever sown it is one of the most
certain grasses to have a good catch.
Not less than two bushels (24 pounds)
peracre should besown. Like Timothy,
on inhospitable soils, the root may
sometimes*become bulbous. The aver-
age annual nutrition yielded by this
grass in the Southern belt, is probably
twice as great as in Pennsylvania | and
other Northern States.

JOHNSON GRASS.

(Sorghum halapense.)

This has been called Cuba grass,

Egyptian grass, Means grass, Alabama |

and Guinea grass, etc.

It seems pretty well agreed now, how-
ever, to call it Johnson grass, and leave
the name Guinea grass for the Panicum
jumentorum, to which it properly be-
longs.

It is true that in Mr. Howard’s pam-
phlet, as well asin many periodicals and
books, and in lettersand common usage,
this grass has been far nore generally
called Guinea grass than the true Guinea

grass itself, thus causing vast confusion.
It is, therefore, assuredly time to eall
each by its right name. Johnson grass
is perennial and has cane-like roots, or
more properly, underground stems,
from the size of a goose-quill to that of
the little finger. These rootsare tender,
and hogs are fond of and thrive on them
in winter. The roots literally fill the
ground near the surface, and every joint
is capable of developing a bud. Hence
the grass is readily propagated from
root cutting. Itisalso propagated from

PE LR

FoR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

the seeds, but not always so certainly ;
for in some localities many faulty seeds
are produced, and in other places no
seeds are matured. Before sowing the
seeds, therefore, they should be tested,
as should all grass seeds indeed, in order
to know what proportion will germinate,
and thus what quantity per acre to sow.
One bushel of a good sample of this seed
is sufficient for one acre of Jand.

The leaf, stalk and panicle of this
grass resemble those of other sorghums.
It grows on any land where corn will
crow ; and like the latter, the better the
land the heavier the crop. On rich land
the culms attain a size of over half an
inch in diameter, and a height of seven
feet. It should be cut while tender,
and then all live stock are fond of it;
for a few weeks are sufficient to render
it so coarse and hard that animals refuse
it, or eat sparingly.

A few testimonials are here quoted to

give an idea of the productiveness and |

value ofthis plant. In aletter published
in the Rural Carolinian for 1874, Mr. N.
B. Moore, who had for more than forty
years grown crops, speaks of this grass
under the name of Guinea grass.

‘““My meadow consists of one hundred
acres of alluvial land, near Augusta.
* * * In winter I employ but four men,
who are enough to work my packing-
press; in summer, when harvesting,
double that number. In autumn I
usually searify both ways with sharp,

if the season is propitious.

steel-toothed harrows, and sow over the
stubble a peck of red clover per acre,
which, with volunteer vetches, comes
offabout the middle of May. The second
yield of clover is uniformly eaten up by
grasshoppers. The top roots remain to
fertilize the then coming Guinea grass,
which should be but from two to three
feet high.’ ‘** ‘* On’ such land: as
mine, it will afford three or four cuttings
I use an
average of five ton; of gypsum soon
after the first cutting, and about the
same quantity of the best commercial
fertilizers, in March and April. * * *
The grass, which is cut before noon, is
put up with horse sulky rakes, in cocks,
before sun-down.”’

Mr. Moore’s income from this field
was from seven thousand to ten thou-
sand dollars a year.

Mr. Goelsel, of Mobile, says: ‘‘It is
undoubtedly the most profitable soiling
plant yet introduced, and also promises
to be the plant for our Southern hay
stacks, provided it can be cut every
three or four weeks.”’

Note.—Recognizing all the above, I
would say, that great care must be taken
not to sow this grass near cultivated
lands. Ifdone, it should not be allowed
to go to seed, as the wind will blow them
off from the stalks, and when it gets
amongst cane or other crops it causes
a great deal of trouble. It is almost im-
possible to get it out of the land.

RESCUE GRASS.

(Ceratochloa australis or Bromus Schraderii.)

Itisan annual winter grass. It varies
in the time of starting growth. I have
seen it ready for mowing the first of
October and furnish frequent cuttings
till April. Again, it may not start be-
fore January, nor be ready to cut till
February. This depends upon the
moisture and depression of temperature.
When once started, its growth, after
the successive cuttings or grazings, is

very rapid. It is tender, very sweet, |

and stock eatit greedily. It makes also
a good hay. It produces an immense
quantity of leaves. On loose soil some
of it may be pulled out by animals graz-
ingit. I have seen it bloom as early as
November when the season had favored
it, and no grazing or cutting were per-
mitted. Oftener it makes little start
before January. But whether late or
early starting, it may be grazed or
mowed frequently, until April, it still

will mature seed. It has become natu-
ralized in limited portions of Texas,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and
perhaps other States. Itisa very pretty
grass in all its stages; and especially so
when the culms, two or three feet high,
are gracefully bending the weight of the
diffuse panicle with its many pedicelled
flattened spikelets, each an inch or more
long and with twelve to sixteen flowers.

I would not, however, advise sowing
this grass on poor land with the expec-
tation of getting a remunerative return.
It tillers abundantly under favorable
conditions.

Japan Clover.

There is now so much enguiry about
this plant, so much confusion, lack of
knowledge and confounding with or
mistaking for it another worthless ha-
tive species, and also the same errors
in regard to a small genuine clover,
that it is deemed proper to’ give some
correct information on the subject.

HISTORY.

To botanists .this plant has been
known for many generations in its
native habitat in China and other
eastern parts of Asia. Finding its
way to Japan it encountered congenial
climate and soil, and rapidly spread

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

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Reseue urass.

JAPAN CLOVER.

(Lespedeza Striata.)

over the entire country occupying all
waste places, which it has continued
to possess and improve for much more
than a century. Here as on the con-
tinent, it was of dwarfish habit and
received a name indicative of the fact.

Finally. a few seeds, arriving in the
United States, germinated, contested,
a few feet of soil with other native and
exotic plants that had long pre-occu-
pied the land.

It gained strength and increased in
yield of seed till becoming somewhat
abundant, it commenced its westward
invasion, simultaneously extending its
conquests northward and southward,
firmly holding all conquered territory.
Since 1870 its strides westward have
been immense. It now extends from
the Atlantic seaboard across the Mis-
sissippi, and its out-posts are pushed
far towards the western border of
Texas.

Denuded, soil-less hill tops, sandy
plains, gravelly slopes, bottoms and
banks of washes and gullies, pine
thickets, open woods, fields, dry and
damp soils, all seem as if specially
created for its home. It seizes upon all
with equal facility.

It maintains its dwarfish habit on
sands, gravels and other spots too poor
to produce any other vegetation, densely
covering the surface with its green robe
and affording delighted Hve stock with

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 93

delicious nutritious grazing for four to
eight monthsiof the year. But on richer
soil it doffs the dwarf and dons the tree
style justifying the American name of
“bush clover.’ sending its long tap root
deep down in the subsoil and its stem
two to three feet up into the light and
air, with its many branches thickly set
with leaves, inviting tooth and blade.

It attains here on rich or medium soil
protected from liye stock a magnitude
that could not have been imagined by
one seeing it initsfareastern home. It
takes possession not only of unoccupied
land and pine thickets but grows among
sedges, grasses, briers and weeds, com-
pletely eradicating many species of
noxious grasses and weeds. It subdues
even broom grass and holds equal con-
test with Bermuda grass; in some local-
ities one yielding, in other localities the
other succumbing, while in other spots
both maintain equal possession; or one
year one may seem to rule, and the next
year the other.

VALUE.

Ou sands, gravels, or denuded clay
hill tops no other plant known to me is
so valuable for grazing. Taking a suc-
cession of ten years, the same assertion
would not be far out of the way for rich
lands while few forage plants on these
would yield so much or so valuable hay.

The analysis of red clover gives 16 per
cent albuminoids and 41 carbohydrates.
The average of two analyses of Japan
clover gives 15.85 albuminoids and 56
carbohydrates, placing it above red
clover in nutritive value. Itis

SUPERIOR TO OTHER FORAGE PLANTS,
in several important particulars not
generally observed by the careless
stock-man. 1. The growing plant con-
tains less moisture than any other very
valuable forage plant with perhaps a
single exception. Hence we never hear
of animals having hoven or bloat or
scours from eating this plant as when
they have free access tored clover, peas
and many grasses. 2. We have never
yet found on the Japan clover any
fungous growths which are so common
on other plants as to cause many deaths

annually among animals grazing on
them or fed with the hay. 3. Heavy graz-
ing for a few weeks destroys the clovers,
lucerne and most of the grasses, while
this plant may be grazed however close-
ly, whether the season be wet or pro-
longed drouth prevail, without damage.
4. There is less difficulty of obtaining a
catch with this plant than most others.
The seed may be scattered on bare,
poor, barren ground, rich soil, among
weeds and dead grass or in March on
small grain sown the previous autumn
or winter and a catch will be obtained.
5. The grain being harvested when
ripe does not injure the Lespedeza;
which is ready for the mower through
September and October. 6. It is more
easily cured than the clovers, pea vines
and many grasses. 7. It does not lose
the foliage in curing as do clovers, peas
and some other plants. 8. It furnishes
good grazing from May, some years last
of March till killed by frost in October
or November.
PRODUCT OF HAY.

On medium to good land it ranges
from one to three tons per acre; and
this may be obtained after having dur-
ing thesummer harvested from the same
land a good crop of grain and straw.

QUALITY.

Some of our farmers, who have been
mowing Lespedeza striata for five to ten
years regard it as the soundest, best,
most wholesome and palatable hay they
ever used. These mowings have ranged
from two to three hundred tons on
single farms in one season. Yet no
complaint as to quality, or relish of
animals for it, or as to its nutritive
value and good effect on the stock has
ever reached us. Those who have used
it longest and in largest quantities and
kept animals—cattle, sheep, horses and
mules—in best condition commend it
most. We have now before us a beauti-
fulsample of this hay from Louisiana
being from a crop of perhaps 300 tons
mowed last autumn.

SEEDING.

A measured half bushel of seed per

acre may be sown broad-cast the first

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

week in March south of parallel 32° of
latitude, a few days later as we proceed
northward for each degree ortwo. Sown
in the fall or winter it springs up, but
freezes often throw it out and destroy
it. As already stated it germinates and
grows well on land in any condition, if
the surface is not so loose as to let the
seed sink toodeep. When land has been
prepared for or sown in grain, the winter
rains put it in about the best condition
for growing this plant for heavy crops
of hay.

All our remarks on this plant, as
found in our Southern States, are based
on what we have seen and learned of it
in a belt lying between 304° and 34° of
latitude.

The only

COMPLETE PROOF
of the value ofa forage plant is found in
the concurrence of chemical analysis
and the observation and experience of
the stockman. When the relish of an
animal for the forage is keen, the health
preserved and improved, growth pro-
moted, a maximum quantity of excellent
beef or mutton or pork, and, if superior,
milk and butter, are obtained, we cer-
tainly have an admirable food plant.
The judgment of the cow, the convic-
tions of the farmer arising from his
experiences independent of, and indeed

in utter ignorance of any chemical
analysis, confirming the decisions of the
chemist, give us the best ofall evidences
of the value of forage. And all these
we have in this case. Japan clover is
also a great

AMELIORATOR AND FERTILIZER.

Its abundant, long tap-roots decaying
render the soil porous and leave in it
much nitrogenous material and humus.
It releases and brings up from the sub-
soil valuable plant food; the ashes con-
taining nearly 40 per cent. potash, 29.-
60 oxide lime, 7.82 sulphuric acid, 7.54
phosphoric acid—all most valuable ele-
ments in plant life and growth. Soils
are thus renovated, slopes prevented
from washing, gullies filled, moisture
solicited and retained, atmospheric fer-
tilizers gathered and garnered: bald,
barren wastes covered with living green
to fill the stomach, delight the eye and
cheer the heart.

It should have been stated that this
pliant has eradicated over large areas
the much detested helenium or bitter
weed, which so often damages the flavor
of the milk of cows eating it while
grazing. Itis believed that it extermi-
nates also two or three plants that are
fatally poisonous to cattle and horses.

Price, per bushel of 25 lbs., 3&5 ;4 bush.,
$3.00; per pound, 30 cts. E

BURR CLOVER.

(Medicago Maculata.)

This variety of clover was brought
from Chili to California, and thence to
the States, under the name of California
Clover. It is often taken for Lucerne,
which name is wrongly applied.

blossoms in each cluster, while Lucerne
has many blue blossoms in an elongated
Lead.

The |
Burr Clover has only two or three yellow |

It furnishes good grazing from '

February til! April or May, It is good
for grazing and hay. As there is no way
for removing the seeds from the pods of
spotted medic, it is necessary to sow
the burr like pods, say one-half bushel
per acre. The planting should be done
early in fall, so the pods may have time
to rot and release the seeds. Should be
eovered very lightly.

BERMUDA GRASS. ne

(Cynodon Dactylon.)

Almost everybody livingin this section
of the country knows this grass; it is
planted as a Lawn grass, and nothing
will stand the sun better, or will make
a prettier carpet, when kept short, than
this grass. Itis also very valuable as a
pasture and hay grass. Itis only lately
that I have been able to obtain the seed
of:this grass, which heretofore had to be

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propagated by the roots. Six pounds
will sow an acre. Should be planted in
spring, but can also be sown later. Un-
der the most favorable circumstances it
takes from 20 to 25 days to sprout;
requires damp weather and hot sun; but
when once up it grows very rapidly.

Price, $1.50 per 1b; in lots of 10 lbs.
and over, $1.25, per lb.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

A ,

Pipe’ TIONS FOR OPLANTING.

The directions given here are for the Southern part of Louisiana.

If applied

to localities North of here, the time of planting will not be quite so early in spring,

and earlier in fall.

For instance: the directions for January will answer for Feb-

ruary inthe Northern part of this State, and Southern part of Mississippi or Arkan-

sas.

In autumn, directions for September can be followed in August.

In those

sections very little can be planted in November and December.

JANUARY.

Sow Spinach, Mustard, Carrots, Beets,
Parsnips and Leeks, the early varieties
of Radish, and for the last crop, the
Black Spanish.

Sow Spring and Purple Top Turnip.
Ruta Baga may also be sown, for table
use later in spring.

Sow Lettuce, Endive, Cabbage, Broc-
coli, Kohlrabi, and early Cauliflower ;
the best sown in a frame to be trans-
planted next month.

Cress, Chervil, Parsley and Celery for
cutting, should be sown this month,
Sow Roquette and Sorrel.

If the hot-bed has not been prepared
already. make it at once to sow Egg-
Plant, Pepper and Tomatoes.

All kinds of Herb seed may be sown
during this month. Piant Peas for a
general crop, towards the end of the
month the Extra Early varieties may
be planted.

Plant Potatoes, but the Early Rose
should not be planted before the latter
end of this month.

All winter vegetables can be sown this
month, such as Spinach, Mustard, Car-
rots, Beets, Parsnips and Leeks. Also,
the early varieties of Radishes and
Spring and Purple Top Turnip, Swiss
Chard and Kohlrabi.

Sow, for succession, Lettuce, Cabbage
and early Cauliflower; if the season is

favorable, and the month of April not |

too dry, the latter may succeed.
Cauliflower and Cabbage plants should
be transplanted; Shallots divided and
set out again.
Sow Sorrel, Roquette, Chervil, Pars-
ley, Cress and Celery for seasoning.

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Divide and _ transplant Shallots.
Transplant Cabbage plants sown in
November. Onions, if not already set
out, should be hurried with now, so they
may have time to bulb. Those who de-
sire to raise Onion sets, should sow the
seed towards the end of this month, as
they may be used for setting out early
in the fall, and can be sold sooner than
those raised from seed. Creole seed is
the only kind which can be used to raise
sets from. Northern seed will not make
sets. ‘This I know from experience.
Asparagus roots should be set out this
month.

Red Oats can be sown. I consider
these and the German Millet the two
best annual forage plants for Louisiana.
—Cucumbers can be planted in the hot-
bed; they are mostly planted here dur-
ing November and December, but if the
hot-bed is properly made, those planted
in this month will bear better than
those planted in November.

FEBRUARY.

Peas of all kinds can be planted, es-
pecially the early varieties. The late
kinds should be sown in January, but
they may be planted during this month.

This is the time to plant the general
crop of Potatoes. On an average they
will succeed better when planted during
this, than during any other month.

Herb seeds should be planted ; tender
varieties best sown in a frame, and
transplanted into the open ground af-

terwards.

Asparagus roots should be planted;
this is the proper month to sow the seed
of this vegetable,

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANDAL

Plants in the hot-bed will require at-
tention; give air when the sun shines,
and the weather is pleasant. If too
thick, thin out, so they may become
sturdy.

Bush Beans can be commenced with
this month; Cucumbers, Squash and
Melons may be tried, as they often suc-
ceed; if protected by small boxes, as
most gardeners protect them, there is
no risk atall.

Corn can be planted towards the end

of this month. For market, the Adams
Exra Early and Early White Flint are
planted. I recommend the Sugar va-
rieties for family use; they are just as
large as those mentioned, and Stowel’s
Evergreen is as large as any variety
grown.

Mangel Wurzel and Sugar Beet should
be sown in this month for stock. Sweet
Potatoes can be put in a bed for sprout-
ing, so as to have early slips.

MARCH.

Sow Beets, Radish, Cabbage, early
varieties; Kohlrabi, Lettuce, Spinach

Mustard, Carrots, Swiss Chard and
Leek.
Also, Celery for cutting, Parsley,

Roquette, Cress and Chervil. The lat-
ter part of the month sow Endive. Of
Lettuce, the Royal Cabbage and Perpig-
nan; the White Coss is a favorite varie-
ty for spring; the Butterhead will run
into seed too quickly, ard should not be
sown later than the middle of February
in this latitude.

Piant a full supply of Bush and Pole
Beans. For Lima Beans better to wait
till towards the end of the month, as
they rot easily when the ground is not
warm enough, or too wet.

Squash, Cucumbers, Melons and Okra
ean be planted. The remark in regard
to Lima Beans holds good for Okra.
Early varieties of Peas may still be
planted.

Tomatoes, Egg Plants and Peppers
can be set out in the open ground, and
seed sown for a later crop. PlantSweet
Corn.

Potatoes can be planted; all depends
upon the season. Some years they do
as well as those planted during last
month.

Beans are hard to keep in this climate,
and therefore very few are planted for
shelling purposes. With a little care,
however, they can be kept, but they
ought not to be planted before the first
of August, so that they may ripen*’when
the weather gets cooler. When the
season is favorable leave them out till
dry; gather the pods and expose them
afew days tothe sun. Itis best toshell
them at once, and after they are shelled
put them to air and sun again for a few
days longer. Sacks are better to keep
them in than barrels and boxes. The
Red and White Kidney are generally
the varieties used for drying. Beans
raised in spring are hard to keep, and if
intended for seed they should be put up
in bottles, or in tin boxes, and a little
camphor sprinkled between them.

Sweet Potatoes should be planted.

APRIL.

Sow Bush, Pole and Lima Beans,
Sweet Corn, Cucumbers, Squash, Melons
and Okra.

Beets, Carrots, Swiss Chard, Radish,
Lettuce, Mustard, Endive, Roquette,
Cress, Parsley, Chervil and Celery for
cutting.

Sow Tomatoes, Egg Plants and Pepper
for succession. It is rather late to sow
Cabbage seed now, but if sown, the

early varieties only can be successfully
used. Kohlrabi can still~be sown, but
it is best to sow it thinly in drills a foot
apart, and thin out to four inches in the
rows.

Towards the end of this month a
sowing of the late Italian Giant Cauli-
flower can be made. It is very large,
and takes from eight to nine months
before it matures, so it has to be sown

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

| early. It is always best to make a_

couple of sowings, so that in case one
should fail the other may be used. This
variety is hardier than the French and
' German kinds. A good plan is to sow
the seed in boxes, elevated two feet or
more above the ground, as it will keep
the cabbage-fly of. The plants should
be overlooked daily, and all green cab-
bage worms or other vermin removed.

Sweet Potato Slips, for early crop,
can be planted out. Early Irish Pota-
toes will be fit to dig now, and the ground
they are taken out of may be planted
with Corn, Beans, Squash, etc.

Sow Pumpkins of both kinds, the
Field and the Cashaw.

German Millet should be sown this
month. The ground ought to be well
plowed and harrowed. Three pecks of
seed is the quantum to be sown per acre.
It will be well to roll the ground after
sowing, and the seed will require no
other covering. If no roller is handy,
some brush tied together ought to be

passed over the ground sown. For hay
it should be cut when in flower. Every

planter should give it a trial.

MAY.

Very few varieties of vegetables can
be sown during this month. Many of

the winter varieties will not do well if |

sown now. ‘he ground should now be
occupied with growing crops.

Where Potatoes and Onions are taken
up, Corn, Melons, Cucumbers, Squash
and Pumpkins may be planted.

Nothing of the Cabbage kind, except
the Creole Cabbage seed, can be sown
this month. It is supposed to stand the

heat better than other varieties, but it |

makes only loose heads and runs up to
seed as early as the end of November.
Yellow and white summer Radish and
Endive should be sown. Lettuce re-
quires much water during hot weather,
and, if neglected, will become hard and

tasteless. The Perpignan is the best
kind for summer use. Okra can still be »
sown.

The first sowing of White Solid Celery
is to be made this month. The seed
requires to be shaded, and, if the
weather is dry, should be regularly

watered. Late Italian Cauliflower
should be sown.

Cow Peas can be planted between the
corn, or the crowders in rows; the latter
are the best to be used green. If they
are sown for fertilizing purposes, they
are sown one bushel per acre, and
plowed under when the ground is well
covered ; or sometimes they are left till
fall, when they commence to decay and
then plowed down.

Sweet Potato Slips can be set out,

taking advantage of an occassional rain ;

if it does not rain they have to be
watered. The top of Shallots will com-
mence to get dry; this indicates that
they are fit to take up. Pull them up
and expose to the sun for a few days,
and then store them away in a dry, airy
place, taking care not to lay them too
thick, as they are liable to heat. Lima
or Pole Beans can be planted; the
Southern Prolific is the best variety for
late planting.

JUNE.

This month is similar to the last, that |

is, nota great deal can be sown.

'weeds grow fast.
‘supply of roasting ears. A few Water
‘and Musk Melons may be planted.
Cucumbers, Squash and Pumpkins

planted this month generally do very |
‘well, but the first requires an abundance |

of water if the weather is dry.

The |
growing crops will require attention, as |
Plant Corn for the last |

Southern Prolific Pole Beans may be
planted during this month. Continue
to set out Sweet Potato vines.

Sow Yellow and White Summer Rad-
ish; sow Endive for Salad ; this is raised
more easily than the Lettuce.

Lettuce can be sown, but it requires
more care than most people are willing
to bestow. Soak the seeds for half an
hour in water, take them out and put

them in a piece of cloth, and place in a
cool spot—under the cistern, or, if con-
venient, in an ice box. Keep the cloth
‘moist, and in two or three days the
seeds willsprout. Then sow them; best
to do so in the evening, and give a
‘watering.

If the seed is sown without being
sprouted, ants will be likely to carry it
‘away before it can germinate, and the
-seedsman be blamed for selling seeds
that did not grow. This sprouting has
to be done from May to September,
depending upon the weather. Should

the weather be moist and cool in the |

fall, it can be dispensed with. Some

sow late Cabbage for winter crop in this |

month, saying the plants are easier

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RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

raised during this than the two following
months. I consider this month too soon ;
plants will become too hard and long-
legged before they can be planted out.

This is the last month to sow the Late
Italian Cauliflower; towards the end
the Early Italian Giant Cauliflower can
be sown. Some cultivators transplant
them, when large enough, at once into
the open ground; others plant them
first into fiowerpots and_ transplant
them into the ground later. If trans-
planted at this time, they will reguire
to be shaded for a few days, till they
commence to grow.

Sow Tomatoes for late crop during the
latter part of this month.

JULY.

~ Plant Pole Beans; also, Bush Beans,
towards the end of the month. Sow
Tomatoes in the early part for the last
erop. Some corn for roasting ears may
still be planted. Cucumbers can be
‘planted for pickling. Early Giant Cau-
Tiflower can be sown. Sow Endive, Let-
‘tuce, Yellowand White Summer Radish.
Where the ground is new, some Turnips
and Ruta Bagas can be sown. Cabbage
should be commenced with after the
‘15th of this month ; Superior Flat Dutch,
Improved Drumhead, St. Denis, or
Bonneuiland Brunswick are the leading
kinds. It is hard to say which is the
best time to sow. as our seasons differ so
much—some seasons we get frost early,
‘other seasons not before January. Cab-
page is most easily hurt by frost when
‘it is half grown; when the plants are
small, or when they are headed up, frost
does not hurt much. It is always good
to make two or three sowings. As a
general thing, plants raised from seeds
sown in July and August, give the most
‘satisfaction; they are almost certain to
head. September, in my experience, is
the most ticklish month; as the seed
sown in that month is generally only
half grown when we have some frosts,
and therefore, more liable to be hurt.
But there are exceptions. Some years
ago the seed sown in September turned
out best. Seed sown at the end of Oc-
tober and during November generally

give good results. November is the
proper month tosowforshipping. The
surest way to sow is ina cold frame, to
protect the plants from frosts which
sometimes occur in December and Jan-
uary. January, and the early part of
February, is early enough to set out.
Brunswick and Excelsior are the earli-
est of the large growing kinds, and it
should be sown in July and August, so
that it may be headed up when the cold
comes, as itis more tender than the Flat
Dutch and Drumhead. The same may
be said in regard to the St. Denis. All
cabbages require strong, good soil; but
these two varieties particularly. Bruns-
wick makes also a very good spring

‘cabbage when sown at the end of Octo-

ber. The standard varieties, the Supe-
rior Flat Dutch and Improved Drum-
head, should be sown at the end of this
month and during next. It is better to
sow plenty of seeds than to be short of
plants. I would prefer one hundred
plants raised in July and August, to four.
times that amount raised in September.
It is very hard to protect the young
plants from ravages of the fly. Strong
tobacco water is as good as anything.
else for this purpose, or tobacee stems
cut fine-and scattered over the ground
will keep them off to some extent. As

the plants have to be watered, the

smell of the tobacco will drive the flies
away,

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 99

AUGUST.

This isa very active month for garden-
ing in the South. Plant Bush Beans,
Extra Early and Washington Peas. Sow
late Cabbages and Drumhead Savoy,
also Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts and
Kale. The Early Italian Giant Cauli-
flower may still be sown; but now is
the proper time to sow the Half Early
Paris, Asiatic and other early varieties.

Sow Parsley, Roquette, Chervil, Let-
tuce, Endive and Sorrel; but, in case of
dry weather, these seeds will have to be
watered frequently.

Continue to sow Yellow Turnip Rad-
ishes, and commence to sow red varie-
ties, such as Scarlet Turnip, Half Long
French and Long Scarlet. ,

Towards the end of the month the
Black Spanish Radish can be sown;
also, Swiss Chard.

Sow Mustard and Cress; the former
will generally do well. All kinds of
Turnips and Ruta Bagas should be
sown; also, Kohlrabi.

Most of the seeds recommended for
last month can be sown this month, and
some more added.

In the early part, Bush Beans can be
planted, as they will bear before frost
|} comes. Plant Extra Early and early
|) varieties of Peas. Sow Radishes of all
| kinds, Carrots, Beets, Parsnip, Salsify
-Roquette, Chervil, Parsley, Sorrel,
| Cress, Lettuce, Endive, Leek, Turnips,
'Kohlrabi, Broccoli, Early Cauliflower,
| Kale, Celery, Corn Salad and Mustard.

After the 15th of this month, Creole
Onion seed can be sown. ‘This is an im-
| portant crop, and shouid not be neglect-
-ed. Ifit is very dry, cover the bed, af-
_ter the seed has been sown, with green
3) Moss; it will keep the ground moist,

{i Artichokes should be dressed, the
‘suckers or sprouts taken off and new
plants made,

not done last month.

The seed of all kinds of Beets should
be put in the ground.

Towards the end of the month Carrots:
can be sown; but the sowing of all
vegetables at this time of the year de-
pends much upon the season. If we
should have hot and dry weather, it is
useless to do much, asseed cannot come
up without being watered. White Solid
Celery should be sown for a succession,
and the Dwarf kinds for spring use.

Shallots can be set out during this
month; also, Onion Sets, especially if
they are raised from Creole seed. The
early part of the month is the proper
time to plant Red and White Kidney
Beans, for shelling and drying for win-
ter use.

Early Rose and other varieties of Po-
tatoes should be planted early this
month for a winter crop, and the latest
of Tomato plants should be set out, if
If Celery plants
are set out during this month, they re-
quire to be shaded.

SEPTEMBER.

and the seed will come up more regu-
larly. The moss has to be taken off as
the young plants make their appear-
ance.

Celery plants may be set out in ditch-
es prepared for that purpose. Cauli-
flower and Cabbage plants can be trans-
planted if the weather is favorable.

If the weather is not too hot and dry,
Spinach should be sown; but it is use-
less to do so if the weather is not suit-
able.

Cabbage can be sown, but it is much
better to sow in August and transplant
during this month.

Set out Shallots: Sorrel should be
divided and replanted.

Sow Turnip-rooted Celery.

OCTOBER.

Onion seed can still be sown; but it
is better to get the seed into the ground
as soon as possible, so the plants get to

100

be some size before the cold weather
comes.

Towards the end of the month Black
Eye Marrowfat Peas can be planted;
also, English or Windsor Beans.

Sow Cabbage, Cauliflower, Broccoli,
Brussels Sprouts, Kale, Spinach, Mus-
tard, Swiss Chard, Carrots, Beets, Sal-
sify, Leek, Corn*Salad, Parsley, Ro-
quette, Chervil, Kohlrabi, Radish, Let-
tuce, Endive and Parsnip. Shallots
from the first planting can be divided
and set out again. Salsify does very
finely here, but is generally sown too
late; this is the proper month to sow
the seed. The ground should be mellow
and have been manured last spring. It
should be spaded up very deeply, as the

NOVEMBER.

Continue to sow Spinach, Corn Salad,
Radish, Lettuce, Mustard, Roquette,
Parsley, Chervil, Carrots, Salsify, Pars-
nips, Cress and Endive, also Turnips
and Cabbage. Superior Flat Dutch and
Improved Drumhead, sown in this
month, make fine Cabbage in the spring.
—Artichokes should be dressed, if not
already done last month.

Sow Black Eye and other late varieties
of Peas. Frost does not hurt them as
long as they are small, and during this
time of the year they will grow but
very slowly. English Beans can be
planted ; frost does not hurt them, and,

DECEMBER.

Not a great deal is planted during this
month, as the ground is generally occu-
pied by the growing crops.

Plant Peas for a general crop; some

Potatoes may be risked, but it is uncer- |

tain whether they will succeed or not.
Sow Spinach, Roquette, Radish, Car-
rots, Lettuce, Endive and Cabbage.
Early varieties of Cauliflower can be
sown in aframe or sheltered situation,
to be transplanted in February into the
open ground, Harly Cabbages, such as

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

size and smoothness of the roots depend
upon the preparation of the soil.

Water the Celery with soap suds, and
if the season has been favorable by the
end of the month, some may be earthed
up.

Sow Rye, Barley and Red Oats, Or-
chard Grass, Red and White Clover, and
Alfalfa Clover. Strawberry plants

' should be transplanted ; they cannot be

left in the same spot for three or four
years, as is done North. The Wilson’s
Albany, and Sucker State, are the fa-
vorite varieties for the market.

The Wilson’s Albany do not make
many runners here, but they form a
stool, something like the plants of
violets, and these stools have to be taken
up and divided.

if not planted soon, they will not bear
much.

Manure for hot-beds should be looked
after, and ought not to be over one
month old. It should be thrown to-
gether in a heap, and, when heated,
forked over again, so the long and short
manure will be well mixed. The first
vegetables generally sown in the hot-
beds are Cucumbers; it is best to start
them in two or three inch pots, and
when they have two rough leaves,
transplant them to their place; two |
good plants are sufficient under every |
sash. |

York, Oxheart and Winningstadt, may
be sown. |

To those who wish to force Tomatoes |
I will say that this is the month to sow |
them. The best kind for that purpose |
is the Extra Early Dwarf Red. it is |
really a good acquisition; it is very
dwarfish, very productive, and of good
size, and bears the fruit in clusters, but
will sell only for the first, as the fruit is |
not so large as the Livingston varieties, |
which come in later. |

FoR THE SOUTHERN SiATES. 101

PEOWER SLEDS.

The following list of Flower seeds is not very large, but it contains all which is
desirable and which will do well in the Southern climate. Iimport them from one
of the most celebrated growers in Prussia, and they are of the best quality. There
are very few or no flower seeds raised in this country, and Northern houses, which
publish large lists and catalogues, get them from just the same sources as myself;
but they, on an average, sell much higher than I do. Some varieties, which are
bi-ennial in Kurope or North, flower here the first season ; in fact, if they do not, they
generally do not flower at all, as they usually are destroyed by the continued long
heat of summer. Some kinds grow quicker here and come to a greater perfection
than in a more Northern latitude.

Flower seeds require a little more care in sowing than vegetable seeds. The
ground should be well pulverized and light enough not to bake afterarain. Some
of the more delicate and finer varieties are better sown in boxes or seed pans,
where they can be better handled and protected from hard rains or cold weather ;
the other kinds do not transplant well, and are better sown at once where they are
to remain, or a few seeds may be sown in small pots to facilitate transplanting into
the gar Aen without disturbing the plants, when large enough. Some have very
fine seeds, which the mere pressing of the hand or spade to the soil will cover; others
may be covered one-fourth of an inch, according to their size. Watering juror be
done earefully, and if not done with a syringe, a watering pot, where the holes of
the spout are very fine, should be used.

By setting the plants out, or sowing the seeds in the border, consideration
should be taken of the height, so that the taller varieties may be in the middle and
the dwarf kinds on the edge of the bed.

The seeds are put up at ten cents a package, fifteen packages for one dollar,
except a few rare or costly kinds, where the price is noted. All flower seeds in
packages are mailed free of postage to the purchaser. Where there is more than
one color, I generally import them mixed, as I find that most of my customers do
not wish to purchase six packages, or more, of one variety, in order to get all the
colors. One package of Asters, Zinnia, Phlox, Chinese Pink, German Stocks,
Petunia, Portulaca, and others, will always contain an equal mixture of the best
colors.

Althen Resea. Hollyhock. This
flower has been much improved of late
years, and isvery easily cultivated. Can
be sown from October till April. Very
hardy ; from four to six feet high.

Alyssum maritimuin. Sweet
Alyssum. Very free flowering plants,
about six inches high, with white
flowers; very fragrant. Sow from Octo-
ber till April.

Antirhinum majus. Snapdragon.
Choice mixed. Showy plant of various
colors. Abouttwo feet high. Should be
sown early, if perfect flowers are desired.
Sow from October till March.

Aster. Queen Margaret. German
Quilled. Perfect double quilled flower,

of all shades, from white to dark purple
and crimson. One and a half feet high.

Aster. Trufaut’s Pzony-Flowered
Perfection. Large double peeony-shaped
flowers, of fine mixed colors; one of the
best varieties. 'T’wo feet high ; sow from
December till March. Asters should be
sown in a box or in pots, and kept in a
green-house, or hear a window; when
large enough,transplant into the border.
Take a shovel of compost and mix with
the ground before planting. Put three
to four plants together and they will
show better. They can be cultivated in
pots. r

Adonis autumnalis.

Flos Adonis
or Pheasant’s Eye.

Showy crimson

RICHARD FROTSCHfiR’S

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Althea Rosea.

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Amaranthus Caudatus.

Double Daisy.

Amaranthus Tricolor.

Adonis autumnalis.

Vou tae sOUrainN stanns, “6 6 PCW aes

Cyclamen Persicum.

flower, of long duration. One foot high.
Sow from November till April.

Amaranthus caudatus. Love
Lies Bleeding. Long red racemes with
blood red flowers. Very graceful; three
feet high.

Amaranthus tricolor. Three-
colored Amaranth. Very showy; cul-
tivated on account of its leaves, which
are green, yellow and red. Two to three
feet high.

Amaranthus bicolor. Two-colored -

Amaranth. Crimson and green varie-
gated foliage; good for edging. Two
feet high.

Amaranthus Salicifolius.
tain Plant. Rich colored foliage, very
graceful. Five to six feet high. Sow
from February till June.

Aquifegia. Columbine. A showy
and beautiful flower of different colors;
two feet high. Sow from October till
March. Should be sown early if flowers
are wished; if sown late will not bloom
till next season. >

Foun-

&
oat

Balsamina Hortensis...Lady Slip-
per. A well known flower of easy cul-
ture. Requires good ground to palace
double flowers.

Balsamina. Improved Gat lia:
flowered. Very double and. beautiful
colors. The strain which Tt offer of this

variety is very fine; but to have them

. perfect, they should not be sown too

soon. In rich ground and during ‘dry
weather they require plenty of water.
Balsamina camellia flora alba.
Pure white flowers, used for bouquets;
about two feet high. Baw — Febru-
ary till August. vias Re
Bellis Perennis, - ‘Daisy. Finest
double mixed variety: four. inches high.
From October till January. »
Browallia elata major. A free
blooming plant of. about, 12 inches in
height, with very showy dark blue
flowers. If sown in,March it will flower
all summer, but can also ‘be sown in
November potted and kept under glass,
where it will begin to bloom in the-latter

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

104

‘Cheiranthus Cheiri.

Aquilegia, or Columbine.

arbatus.

Dianthus B

Ss.

Double.

sis,

s Chinen

Dianthu

Centaurea Cyanu

Balsamina Camelia- Flowered. Calendula officinalis,

Celosia Cristata.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 105

part of December and continue ali |
winter. | |

Begoniatuberosa. A very thank-
ful green-house plant with tuberous
roots and large showy pink, white or
red flowers. It is of easy culture and
ean be kept out of doors in a half shady
place after the 15th of April. Sow from
October till March in flower pots. Price,
per packet, 25 cents.

Begonia Rex. A _ beautiful and
showy greenhouse foliage plant of easy
culture. Will do well out of doors during
summer months, but requires a shady
plaee. Sow like above. Price, per
packet, 25 cents.

Cacalia coceinea. Scarlet Tassel
Flower. A profuse flowering plant, with
tassel-shaped flowers in cluster; one
and a half feet. Sow February till May.

Calendula officinalis. Pot Mari-
gold. A plant which, properly speaking,
belongs to the aromatic herbs, but
sometimes cultivated for the flowers,
which vary in different shades of yellow ;
one anda half feet high. From January
till April. :

Celosia cristata. Dwarf Cock’s-
comb. Well known class of flowers
which are very ornamental, producing
large heads of crimson and yellow
flowers; one totwo feet high. Sow from
February till August.

Cheiraathus Cheiri. Wall Flower.
This flower is highly esteemed in some
parts of Europe, but does not grow very
perfectly here, and seldom produces the
large spikes of double flowers which
are very fragrant. Two feet high. No-
vember till March.

Campanula Speculum. Bell-
Flower, or Venus’ Looking-Glass. Free

flowering plants of different colors, from
white to dark blue; one foot high. Sow
December till March.

Centaurea cyanus. Bottle Pink.
A hardy annual of easy culture, of vari-
ous colors; two feet high.

Centaurez suavoiens. Yeilow,
Sweet Sultan. December to April.

Cineraria fiybrida. A beautiful
green-house plant. Seed should be sown
in October or November, and they will
flower inspring. Per package, 25 ceuts.

a a eS A A SA A

Cimneraria Maritima. A_ hand-
some border plant, which is cultivated
on account of its silvery white leaves.
Stands our summer well.

Coleus. A well known and beautiful
bedding plant which can be easily prop-
agated by seeds which produce differ-
ent shades of colored plants.

Cyclamen persicum. Alpine
Violet. A green-house plant with tuber-
ous or rather bulbous roots, blooming
abundantly; being possessed of very or-
namental foliage and of easy culture it

‘should notbe missing in any collection of

green-house plants. Sow in August and
September in pots; transplant in small
pots when large enough, and keep either
in green-house or a room near the
window, and give plenty of light and
air. Keep Bulbs dry during summer.
Price, per packet, 25 cents.

Correopsis. (Calleojpsis.) Bright
Eye Daisy. Handsome free blooming
plants, of the easiest culture, 2 to 3 feet
high, with yellow and brown daisy like
flowers. December to March.

Chrysanthemum tricolor (cari-
natum). Summer Chrysanthemum.
Showy summer bloomers of different
colors, 12 to 15 inches high. If grouped
together they have a pleasing effect.
Sow in March and April.

Dianthus Barbatus. Sweet Wil-
liam. A well known plant which has
been much improved of late years.
Their beautiful colors make them very
showy. Should be sown early, otherwise
they will not flower the first spring ; one
anda half feet high. October till April.

Dianthus Chimerisis. Chinese
Pink. <A beautiful class of annuals of
various colors, which flower very pro-
fusely in early spring and summer; one
foot high. From October till April.

Dianthus Weddewiggii. Japan
Pink. This is the most showy of any of
the annual pinks. The flowers are very
large and of brilliant colors; one foot
high. Sow from October till April.

Diseutines pleamaaris. Border Pink.
A fragrant pink used for edging. The
flowers are tinged, generally pink or
white, witha dark eye. Does not flower

Seal i

Dianthus Picotee.

Dianthus Caryophyilius.

Purple Globe Amaranth.

Dianthus Heddewigsgii,

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

the first year; two feet high. Sow from
January till April.

Dianthus caryophyllus. Carna-
tion Pink. This is a well known and
highly esteemed class of flowers. They
are double, of different colors, and very
fragrant; can be sown either in fall or
spring; should be shaded during mid-
summer and protected from hard rains ;
three to four feet high. November till
April.

Dianthus Picotee. Finest hybrids.
Stage flowers saved from a collection
of over 500 named _ varieties; . per
package, 50c.

Dianthus pusilla. Early dwarf
flowering Carnation. Ifsown early, this
variety will flower the first season.
They are quite dwarfish and flower very
profusely. November till April.

Delphinium Umperialis, fl. pi.
Imperial flowering Larkspur. Very
handsome variety of symmetrical form.
Mixed colors; bright red, dark blue and
red stripes ; 13 feet high.

Deiphinium ajacis. Rocket Lark-
spur. Mixed colors; very showy; two
and a half feet.

Delphiniuan Chinewmsis. Dwarf
China Larkspur. Mixed colors; very
pretty; one foot high. November till
April.

Notrse-- None of the above three varie-
ties transplant well, and are better sown
at once where they are intended to re-
main.

Dahlia. Large Flowering Dahlia.
Seed sown in the spring will flower by
June. Very pretty colors are obtained
from seed; the semi-double or single
ones can be pulled up as they bloom;
but those seeds which are saved from
fine double varieties will produce a zood
percentage of double flowers. Febru-
ary till June.

Escitscholizia Califormica. Cal-
ifornia Poppy. A very free flowering
plant, good for masses. Does not trans-
plant well. One foot high. December
till April.

Gaillardia bicolor. Two-colored
Gaillardia. Very showy plants, which
continue to flower for a long time.
Flowers red, bordered with orange yel-

107

low. One and a half feet high. January
till April.
_Gillia. Mixed Gillia. Dwarf plants
which flower freely, of various colors.
One foot. December till April.

Gomphrena wzliba and purpurea.
White and Crimson Batchelor Button
or Globe Amaranth. Well known va-
riety of flowers; very early and free
flowering; continue to flower for a long
time. Two feet high. From February
till August.

Geranium Zonaile. Zonale Ger-
anium. Seed saved from large flower-
ing varieties of different colors; should
be sown in seed pans, and when large
enough transplanted into pots, where
they can be left, or transplanted in
spring into the open ground.

Geranium pelargosmiuas. Large
flowering Pelargonium. {spotted varie-
ties, 25 cents per package. ;

Geranium odoratissima. Apple-
scented Geranium. Cultivated on ac-
count of its fragrant leaves; 25 cents
per package. Both of these kinds are
pot plants, and require shade: during
hot weather. Should be sown during
fall and winter.

Gypsophila paniculata. Gypso-
phila. A graceful plant with white
flowers, which can be used for bouquets.

One foot high. From December to
April.
Heliotropium, Mixed varieties

with dark and light shaded flower. A
well known plant, esteemed for the
fragrance of its flowers, which are pro-
duced during the whole summer in great
profusion. This plant is generally prop-
agated by cuttings. but can also be
raised from seed. Should be sown ina
hot-bed if sown early.

Melichrysum monstrosuam al-
bum. White Everlasting Flower.
Very showy double flowers. One anda
half feet high.

Welichrysum monstrosum rab-

waa. Red Everlasting Flower. Very
ornamental. One and a half feet high.

December till April. Does not trans-
plant well.
Helianthus fi. pl.

ing Sunflower.

Double Flower-
A well known plant,

with showy yellow flowers. Thedouble
is often cultivated in the flower garden.
The single varieties are cultivated most-
ly for the seed. They are said to be
anti-malarious. Four feet high. Feb-
ruary till May.

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Mathiola Annua.

Iberis amara. White Candytuft.
A well known plant raised a good deal
by florists for bouquets. Can be sown
at different times to have a succession of
flowers. One foot high.

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Lobelia Erinus,

Geranium Zonale.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 109

iberis umbelata rosea. Purple
Candytuft. One foot. October till April.

Linum grandifiorum rubrum.
Scarlet Flax. A very pretty plant for
masses or borders, with bright scarlet.
flowers, dark in the centre. One foot.
January till April.

Lobelia erimus, Lobelia. A very
eraceful plant with white and blue
flowers, well adapted for hanging bas-
kets or border. Half foot. October till
March.

Lychnis chaicedonica. Lychnis.
Fine plants with searlet, white and rose
flowers. Two feet. December till April.

Lupiows. Lupinus. Plants with
spikes of flowers of various colors.
Should be sown soon. Does not trans-
plant well. Two feet. October till
March.

Mathiola anmua. Ten weeks stocks.

This is one of the finest annuals in cul-
tivation. Large flowers of all colors,
from white to dark blue or crimson.
Should be sown in pots or pans, and
when large enough transplanted into
rich soil. Oneanda quarter feet. Octo-
ber till March.

WesembPryamtine oman crystailig
mum. Iceplant. Neat plant with icy
looking foliage. Itis of spreading habit.
Good for baskets or beds. One foot.
February till March.

Miimuiwstigrimus. Monkey flower.
Showy flowers of yellow and brown. — Petunia Hybrida.
Should be sown inashady place. Does
not transplant well. Half foot. Decem-
ber till March.

Matricaria capensis. Double
Matricaria. White double flowers, re-
sembling the Daisy, but smaller; are
fine for bouquets; blooms very nearly
the whole summer. Two feet. Decem-
ber till March.

Mimosa pudica. Sensitive Plant.
A curious and interesting plant which
folds up its leaves when touched. One
foot. February till June.

Mirabilisjalapa. Marvel of Peru.
A well known plant of easy culture;
produeing flowers of various colors. It
forms a root which can be preserved
from one year toanother. February till 2S=
June. Three feet. Nigella Damascena.

Blue Grove Love.

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RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

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‘ : FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

Myosotis palustris. Forget-me-
not. A finelittle plant with small, blue,
star-like flowers. Should have a moist,
shady situation. Does not succeed sc
well here as in Europe, of which it is a
native. Half foot high. December till
March. Br ae

Nemopiailadmsigmis. Blue Grove
Love. Plants of easy culture, very
pretty and profuse bloomers. Bright

blue with white centre. One foot high.

Nermoyhaiics, neamcwiatsa. Large
white flowers spotted with violet. One
foot high. December till April.

Nigella @amiaseemm. Love in a
Mist. Plants of easy culture, with light
blue flowers. Does not transplant well.
One foot high. December till April.

Nierembergia gracilis. Nierem-
bergia. Nice plants with delicate foli-
age, and white flowers tinted with lilac.
One foot high. Novembe: till April.

CGMuoctihersa Lamarchiamme. Hve-
ning Primrose. Showy, large yellow
flowers. Decembertill April. Two feet
high. :

Papaver Soumniferamaa., Double
flowering Poppy. Of different colors;
very showy.

Papaver rannuncnuius fowered.

Double fringed flowers; very showy.

Cannot be transplanted. Two feet high.
October till March.

Petuminz hybrida. Petunia. Splen-
did mixed hybrid varieties. A very dec-
orative plant of various colors, well
known to almost every lover of flowers.
Plants are of spreading habit, about one
foot high. January till May.

Petunia flora plemo. Large double
flowering varieties. They are hybri-
dized with the finest strains, and will
give from 20° to 25 per cent of double
flowers. Very handsome; 25 cents per
package. January till March.

Phiox Drummondii. Drum-
mond’s Phlox. One of the best and most
popular annuals in cultivation. Their
various colors and length of flowering,
with easy culture, make them favorites
with every one. All fine colors mixed.
One foot high. December till April,

Portulaca,

111

112 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

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Phlox Drummondii Grandiflora Stellata Splendens. Scabiosa nana.

terlera ahaa iin

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 113

Primula Veris.

Tagetes Patula.

Phiox Drummondii gramdie-
flora. This is an improvement on the
foregoing kind; flowers are larger, with
white ce:tre, different colors mixed.
Very beautiful. One foot high. Decem-
ber till April.

Phieox Drumimondii gramdi-
florse alba. Pure White, some with
purple or violet eye. .

Phiox Drummond grandi-
fiora, stellata splendens. This is
admitted to be the richest colored and
most effective of all large fiowered
Phloxes. It combines all the good
qualities of the Splendens, with the
addition of a clearly defined, pure white
star, which contrasts strikingly with
the vivid crimson of the flowers.

Phiox Drummondii Alba, fl. pl.
This is really the first double flowering
Phlox introduced. Fully two-thirds of
the plants raised from this seed will give
pure double white flowers, They can

Petunia Hybrida, Double.

Vinea Rosea and Alba.

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Phlox Drummondii, alba fl. pl.

be used for bouquets, at the same time
they are ornamental in the garden.
Price, per packet, 10c. Give ita trial.
Portulaca. A small plant of ereat
beauty, and of the easiest culture.
Does best in a well exposed situation,
where it has plenty of sun. The flow-
ers are of various colors, from white to
bright scarlet and crimson. The plant
is good for edging vases or pots; or

114

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

where large plants are kept in tubs, the |

surface can be filled with this neat
little genus of plants. Half foot high.
February till August.

Portulaca grandifiora, ff. pl.
Double Portulaca. The same variety
of colors with semi-double and double
flowers. Half foot high. February till
August. a

Primula veris. Cowslip. An her-
baceous plant of various colors, highly
esteemed in Europe. Half foot high.
December till April.

Primula chinensis. Chinese Prim-
rose. A green-house plant, which flow-
ers profusely and continues to bloom
for a long time; should be sown early
to insure the plant flowering well. Dif-
ferent colors; mixed, per package, 25
cents. One and a half feet high. Oc-
tober till February.

Pyrethrum aurea. Goiden Feath-
er. The fiowers resemble Asters. It
has bright yellow leaves which make
it very showy as a border if massed
with plants, such as Coleus, etc.

‘Reseda odorata. Sweet Migno-
nette. A fragrant plant and a favorite
' with everybody. One foot high.

Reseda grandifiora. Similar to
the above plant and flower, spikes larg-
er. Fifteeninches. December till April.

Scabiosa mana. Dwarf Mourning
Bride. Plants of double flowers of va-
rious colors.
ber till April.

Sapounaria caiabrica. Soapwort.
A very tree flowering annual, of easy
culture, resembling somewhat in leaves
the Sweet William.
high. December till April.

Salvin coccinea splendens.
Scarlet Salvia or Red Flowering Sage.
A pot or green-house plant, but which
can be grown as an annual, as it flowers
freely from seed the first year. Two to
three feet high. February till April.

Silene Armeria. Lobel’s Catchfly.
A free blooming plant of easy culture;
flowers almost anywhere. Red and
white. One anda half feet high.

Tagetes erecta. African or Tall-

growing Marig:ld. Very showyannuals |

One foot high. Decem- |

One anda half feet |

for borders, with bright yellow flowers
growing upright, One and a half feet

high.
Tagetes patula. French or Dwarf
Marigold. A very compact dwarf grow-

ing variety, covered with yellow and
brown flowers. One and a half feet
high. January till April.

Torenia Fournieri. A plant from
Mexico of recent introduction, but which
has become very popular in a short
time. It stands the heat well, is well
adapted to pot culture, and makes one
of the most valuable bedding plants we
have. The flowers are oi a sky blue
color, with three spots of dark blue.
The seeds are very fine and take a good
while to germinate. It transplants very
easily.

Verbena hybrida. Hybridized Ver-
bena. A well known and favorite flower
for borders. Their long flowering and
great diversity of color make them
valuable for every garden, however
small. Ali colors mixed. One and a
half feet high. January till April.

Verbena Striped Italian. These
are beautiful striped kinds of all colors
with large eyes.

Verbena Niveni. \Vhbite Verbena.
Pure white Verbena of more or less fra-
grance. Oneanda halffeet high. Jan-
uary till April.

Vimeca rosea and alba. Red and
White Periwinkle. Plants of shining
foliage, with white and dark rose colored
flowers, which are produced the whole
summer and autumn. Two feet high.
February till April.

Viola odorata. Sweet Violet. Well
known edging plant, which generally is
propagated by dividing the plants; but
can also be raised from seed. Half foot
high. Sow from January till March.

Viola tricolor maxima. Large
flowering choicest Pansy. This is one
of the finest little plants in cultivation
for pots or the open ground. They are
of endless colors and markings. When
planted in the garden, they will show
better if planted in masses, and a little
elevated above the level of the garden.
Half foot high. October until March.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 115

Cl i,

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fill

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Striped Italian Verbena.

Choicest Large English Pansy.

116

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Zinnia Elegans, Grandiflora Robusta Plenissima.

Large Trimardeau Pansy. This
is the largest variety in cultivation; the
flowers are well formed, generally three
spotted ; quite distinct; the plants grow
compact.

Cassiers’ improved Pansy. Very |

large blotched and spotted variety in all
imaginable shades and colors. Flowers
fully as largeas Trimardeau, but more
brilliant. This is one of the best of all
Pansy varieties. Price, 25c, per packet.

}

Non Plus Ultra. Benary’s Elite
Pansy. This new variety from Germany
is the finest of all Pansies. Endowed
with fine well formed flowers in endless
colors and shades, they form a valuable
acquisition 1o our many varieties in eul-
tivation, and should not be missing in
any garden. Price, 25c. per packet.

Zinnia elegans 4. pi. Double
Zinnia. Plants of very easy culture,
flowering very profusely through the

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 117

whole summer and fall; producing
double flowers of all colors, almost as
large as the flower of a Dahlia. Three
feet high. February till August.
Zinnia elegans pumila fi. pi.
Dwarf Double Mixed. A new dwarf
section, especially desirable. The com-
pact, bushy plants rarely grow over two
feet high, and are covered with large,
double Dahlia like flowers of great
beauty. xcea
Zinnia elegans, grandifiora ro=- Wi AE “il ee ae
busta plenissima. <A new variety ! (oY RR Th
recently introduced here from Germany.
The plants of this new class of showy
and attractive annuals are of very robust
growth and produce very large and
extremely double flowers; measuring
from 4to5 inches in diameter. The seeds
I offer for sale, come direct from the

mi)

originator, and contain about eight aoe FSIMONN.
different beautiful colors, mostly very Daninlen Portwlnea
bright.

Hybridized Verbena. Large Trimardeau Pansy.

118

CLIMBING PLANTS.

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Morning Glory.

Antigonumieptopus. Rosa mon-
tana. One of the finest perennial
climbers of rapid growth with long
racemes of beautiful deep pink flowers.
Being a native of Mexico, it is well
adapted to our climate and will stand
our most severe winters without any
further protection than perhaps a slight
cover of mossorstraw. Sow in February
or March in flower pots, and transplant

into the open ground in May. Will
fiower freely the first year.
Aristolochia elegans. A new

variety of the well known ‘‘ Dutchman’s
pipe’, (which however will not grow
here;) of vigorous growth and quite
hardy in our climate. It is a profuse

Mixed Thunbergia.

bloomer, bearing large flowers of a rich
purple color with irregular branched
markings Of creamy white and golden
yellow centre with rich velvety purple.
This plant is one of the most thankful
of all climbers blooming when quite
young, and continuing todo sothe whole
summer. _ Will stand our winter without
protection. Sowin January and Febru-
ary in flower pots, and transplant in
open ground when large enough.
Benincasa cerifera. Wax Gourd.
A strong growing vine with long shaped
dark crimson fruit. which looks very

ornamental. It is used for preserves.
Cardioespermum. Balloon Vine.

A quick-growing climber, the seeds of

cot Actin hi annals et sche

Hyacinth Bean.

which are in a pod, shaped like a minia-
ture balloon, therefore the name.

Cobzwa Scandens. Climbing Co-
beea. Large purple bell-shaped flowers.
Should be sown in a hot-bed, and not
kept too moist. Place the seed edgewise
inthe ground. Twenty feethigh. Jan-
uary till April.

Convolvulus major. Morning
Glory. Well known vine with various
handsomely colored flowers, of easy
culture. Growsalmost anywhere. Ten
feet high. February till July.

Curcurbita. Ornamental Gourd.
Mixed varieties or Ornamental Gourds
of different shapes and sizes. February
till May.

Curecurbita Lazgenaria dulcis.
Sweet Gourd. A strong growing vine
of which the young fruits are used like
Squash. February till April.

Dolichos Labiab. Hyacinth Beans.
Free growing plant, with purple and
white flowers. March till April.

Ipomzwea Q@uamoclit rosea. Red
Cypress Vine. Very beautiful, delicate
foliage, of rapid growth, with scarlet
flowers.

Ipomzvea @uameciitaiba. White
Cypress Vine. The same as the red
variety.

Tpomzwa Bona Nox. Large Flow-
ering Evening Glory. A vine of rapid
growth, with beautiful blue and white
flowers which open in the evening.
Twenty feet high. February till June.

- 'Phis is the Moon flower advertised in
Northern catalogues as a novelty, not-

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. Cha, eerie 119

Maurandia Barelayana.

withstanding the fact that it has been
known here for the past century.
Lathyrus odoratus. Sweet Peas.
Beautiful flowers of all colors, very
showy. Good for cut flowers. Six feet
high. December till April.
Maurandia Barclayana. Mixed
Maurandia. A slender growing vine of
rapid growth. Rose purple and white
colorsmixed. Tenfeethigh. February
till April. : :
Mina Lobata. This novelty, which
is supposed to have first originated in
Mexico, is one of the most beautiful

Mina Lobata.

120

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Aristolochia Elegans.

climbing vines for ornamenting the
garden. It closely resembles in growth
and its three-lobed foliage the several
species of the family of Ipomea; but
the flowers are altogether different.
The flowers appear on fork-like racemes
bearing themselves upright or almost
erect out of the dense and luxuriant
foliage, and with their bright colors
they present an extraordinary striking
aspect. The budsareat first bright red,
but change to orange yellow, and when
in full bloom, to yellowish white. The
most singular feature of this plant is,
that it retains the racemes developed at
first during the whole flowering season,
the buds continuing to grow succes-
sively at the top of the racetnes, while
the lower flowers, after blooming for
some time, fade, bearing thus con-
tinually clusters of flowers from the
bottom up to the highest vine of the
plant. The oldest racemes attain a
length of 15 to 18 inches, and at the end
of the time of blooming they have pro-
duced from 30 to 40 individual flowers on
each raceme, of which 6 to 10 had been
in full bloom ata time. This plant isa
yery rapid growing climber; within

three months the vine attains a height
of 18 to 20 feet. It does well on sunny
situations, and cannot be surpassed for
covering arbors, trellises, ete., on ac-
eount of its rapid growth and great
dimensions. JT have fiowered this beauti-
ful climber, the last two seasons, and
can substantiate all what is claimed for
it. It should be sown early, in order to
get it to perfection.

Do not fail to give it a trial.

Price, per packet, 25c.

Mamordica Baisamina. Bai-
sam Apple. A climbing plant of very
rapid growth, producing Cucumber-like
fruits, with warts on them. They are
believed to contain some medicinal vir-
tues. They are put in jars with alcohol,
and are used as a dressing for cuts,
bruises, ete.

Luffa acutanguija. Dish Rag Vine.
A very rapid growing vine of the Gourd
family. When the fruitis dry, the fibrous
substance, which covers the seeds, can
be usedasarag. February till April.

Sechitzrmedule. Vegetable Pearor
Mirliton. A rapid growing vine with
grape-like leaves, of which the fruit is
eaten ; there are two varieties, white and

ih a Ae et

green. It has only one seed, and the
whole fruit has to be planted.
Tropzolum majus. Nasturtium.
Trailing plants with elegant flowers of
different shades, mostly yellow and

. - #oR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

121

abundance. Four feet high. February
till April.
Thunbergia. Mixed Thunbergia.

Very ornamental vines, with yellow
bell-shaped flowers, with dark eye. Six

erimson, which are produced in great | feethigh. February till May.

BULBOUS ROOTS.

Anemones. Double flowering.
Planted and treated the same as the
Ranunculus. They are of great varie-
ties in color.

Double Dutch, 40 cts. per dozen.

Dahlias. Fine double-named varie-
ties. Plants so well known for their
brilliancy, diversity of colors and pro-
fuse flowering qualities, that they re-
quire no recommendation. They can be
planted from February till May; they
thrive best in rich loamy soil. They
should be tied up to stakes, which ought
to be driven into the ground before or
when planting them. To have them
flower late in the season they should be
planted late in the spring, and the
flower buds nipped off when they ap-
pear ; treated in this way, they wiil pro-

aah

Dahlias.

duce perfect flowers during fall. Undi-
vided roots, $3.00 per dozen.

The roots I offer are of the very best
type, having taken special pains to dis-
ecard varieties which did not flower well
here.

Gladiolus. Hybrid Gladiolus. One
of the best summer flowering bulbs;
they have been greatly improved of late
years, and almost every color has been
produced; is tinged and blotched in all
shades from delicate rose to dark ver-
million. When planted at intervals
during spring, they will flower at differ-
ent times, but those that are planted
earliest produce the finest flowers.
The roots should be taken up in the
fall.

Anemones,

122

Lilium Lancifolium Rubrum,

\ Cas

Double Hyacinth.

—

single Hyacinth.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

Hybrids mixed, ist choice, (extra) 10c.
each ; 75¢e. per dozen.

Hybrids white ground, ist choice, 10c.
each; 75c. per dozen.

Hybrids mixed, 50c. per dozen.

Gloxinias. These are really bul-
bous green house plants, but they can be
cultivated in pots and kept in a shady
place in the garden, or window. .They
are very beautiful; color from white to
dark violetand crimson. The leaves are
velvety, and on some varieties very
large. They should be planted early in
spring ; require sandy ground and a good
deal of moisture during flowering time.
French Hybrids, strong bulbs, 25c. each ;
$3.00 per dozen.

Hyacinths. (Dutcu.) Double and
single. The Hyacinth is a beautiful
flowering bulb, well suited for open
ground or pot culture. They should be
planted from October till February. If
planted in pots it is well to keep ina

JAPAN

Lilitm auratum.

flowers are large and white, each petal
having a yellow stripe. It is of easy
culture. A loamy, dry soil suits it best,

and planted one inch deep.

The past season I had occasion to see
several of this noble lily in bloom, and
it is really fine; half a dozen flowers
opening at the same time and measur-
ing from six to nine inches across. It
I expect some fine

is very fragrant.

Ranuneulus.

Golden Band .
Lily. This is a very handsome lily; the |

123

= roengscaies:

cool, rather dark place, till they are well
started, when they. can be placed in the
full light and sun. Double and single,
10 cents each; 75c. per dozen. Named
varieties $1.00 per dozen.

Nareissus. Bulbs of the easiest
culture, planted from November to Jan-
uary.

Double White, sweet scenied, 35c. per
dozen. .

Paper White (Single,) Price, 5c. each;
50c. per dozen.

Trumpet Major, (single) very
50e. per dozen.

fine,

Lilium tigrimum. Tiger Lily. A
well known variety, very showy and of
easy culture ; 10 cents each.

Lilium tigrinum ff. pl. This is a
new variety; it is perfectly double, and
the petals are imbricated almost as reg-
ularly as a camelia flower. Very fine,
15 cents each.

LILIES.

bulbs, same as I had last year, imported
direct from their native country.
Flowering bulbs, 25c. each.
Lilium iancifolium album.
Pure white, Japan Lily, 30 cents each.
Lilium lancifolium rubrum.
White and red spotted, 15 cents each.

Lilium ianecifoliamm roseu mm.
Rose spotted, 15c. each.

These Japan Lilies are very beautiful
and fragrant. Should be planted from
October till January. Perfectly suited
to this climate.

Scilla peruviana,

124

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Pzonia sinensis. Chinese or her-
baceous Peonia. Herbaceous plants of

different colors and great beauty; they |

should be planted during fallina shady >

situation, as they fiower early in spring.

If planted too late they will not flower

perfectly ; 25c. each.

Ranunculus. Decuble Flowering.

The roots can be planted during fall
and winter, either in the open ground
The French varieties are

or in pots.

Double Tulip.

more robust than the Persian, and the
flowers are larger. The ground should
be rather dry, and if planted in the open
ground, it will be well to have the spot
a little higher than the bed or border.
French Ranunculus, 25c. per dozen.
Scilla peruviana. These are
green-house bulbs at the North, but
here they are hardy, and do well in the
open ground. There are two varieties
—the blue and white. They grow up

Tuberoses, double flowering.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 125

a shoot, on the end of which the flowers
appear, forming a truss. Plant from
October till January. 25 cents each.
Tulips. Double and single Tulips
thrive better in a more Northern lati-
tude than this, but some years they
flower well here, and as they are cheap,
a few flowering bulbs will pay the small
amount they cost. They should not be
planted later than December, and
placed very shallow in the ground; not

more than one-third vf the bulb should
be covered. When near flowering they
require a good deal of moisture. Single
and double, 50 cents per dozen.

Vuberoses. Double Flowering.
They are ornamental for the garden,
and very valuable for making bouquets,
on account of their pure white color
and great fragrance. Plant during the
spring months. Strong bulbs, 10 cents
each; 75 cents per dozen.

THE NEW YORK SEED DRILL.

MATTHEWS’ PATENT.

era AS
Su a Ler
RO aL

I take pleasure in calling your attention to a perfect Seed Drill.

This Drill]

was invented and perfected by the father of the seed-drill business—Mr. FE. G. Mat-

thews.

It has been his aim for years to make a perfect drill and do away with the

objections found in all others, and in the New York he has accomplished it. Its
advantages over other drills are as follows:

1. Marker-bar under the frame, held
by clamps, easy to adjust to any width
by simply loosening thumb nuts.

2. Adjustable plow, which opens a
wide furrow, and can be set to sow at
any depth.

3. Open seed conductor to show seed

dropping.
_ 4. Bars in seed conductor, for scatter-
ing seed in wide furrows, prevents dis-
turbing strong plants when thinning
out—an important feature.

5. Ridged roller.

6. Dial plate in full sight of operator,
and made of patent combination white
metal which prevents rust.

7. Dial plate set on fulerum, and
hence holds close up. preventing seed
from spilling.

8. Ithasa large seed-box with hinged
cover.

9. Machine will stand up alone when
not in use, not liable to tip over.

It is the SIMPLEST, MOST COM-

' PACT and EASIEST DRILL TO HAN-

DLE, being only 32 inches long.

It covers the seed better and runs
very easy.

Packed in crates forshipping. Weighs
about 45 pounds. Price, $10.00

126 ' RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

MATTHEWS HAND CULTIVATOR.

Price, $6.00, boxed.

THe MattHews’ Hap CULTIVATOR is
one of the best implements

in use for |
weeding between row crops, and for flat |!

cultivation generally, and is an indis-
pensible companion to the seed drill.

It is thoroughly constructed through-
out, very durable; easy to operate. 4
boy can do as much with it as siz men
with hoes. It spreads from 6 to 14 inches,
and will cut ail the ground covered, even
when spread to its greatest extent. Its
teeth are of a new and iniproved pattern
and thoroughly pulverize and mellow
the soil. The depth of cultivating may
be accurately gauged by raising or low-
ering the wheels, which is quickly done
by the use of a thumb screw.

THE i ee

eon AND SEED

NTE

Patented April 4, 1882.
Simplicity, Durability and Efficiency.

Unequalled in S
THE BEST Is THE CHEAPEST.

: DIRECTIONS.

To set the seed cup.—Loosen the set-
screw and draw out the inside or narrow
gauge far enough to drop the desired
number of seeds. Then
serew. For ordinary planting, only the
narrow gauge should be moved. In
putting in phosphate, or a large quan-
tity of seed, both the narrow and wide
gauges should be drawn out together.
By taking out the screws. the gauges
may be drawn entirely out.

In experienced or careful hands the
machine will plant perfectly in any kind
or condition of soil, mellow or soddy,
dry or wet.

To operate the planter.—Place the
blades in the ground to the desired
depth, in advance of you, having the
“step’’ to the front. as in the cut, Wwith-
out its touching the ground. Then
pressing down forward on the handle,
walk forward. The step will press on
the ground and then the blades will be

opened, theseed deposited in the ground .

PERFECTLY SIMPLE.

tighten the -

Srupry PERFECT.

and a charge taken for the next hill.
After waiking past the planter, still
pressing on the handle, lift it from the
ground to the place for the next hill: as
this is done the charge of-seed wWill-be
HEARD rattling down upon the steel
blades, and the operator will know the
seed is ready for the next hill. Use
the planter as you would a cane, or as
much so as possible. The blades must
alwaus enter the ground closed, and come

out open.

dis Kfficiency. —We claim that the
“Chautauqua” is not equalled-as a drop-
per and planter. By actual trial in the
field with a number of good planters,
it has been shown that our machine will
cover the seed in different soils and at
different depths, shallow or deep, better
than any other planter. Our new im-
proved seed slide, having double gauges
for adjusting the seed cup, enables the
planter to drop accurately small or large
seed in the quantity desired.

Price, $2.25.

PBI Repent”

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 127

Ladies’ Set, Floral Tools. No. 5.

Dutch, or Scuftle Hoe.

MU
ail

Saynor’s Pruning Knife, No. 194,

Saynor’s Pruning Knife, No. 192,

128 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

ry
tf

whine Shear

Pa egirdtedrer nae

Cast Steel Gaz

Shear.

Strawberry or Transplanting Fo Weiss’ Hand Pruning

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 129

PRICE-LIST OF GARDEN IMPLEMENTS.

DEAKIN’S IMPROVED BRASS GARDEN
| SYRINGES. |
(AMERICAN.)

The Eclipse Combined Syringe and
Force Pump supplies a long felt want
for a perfect, easy working, entirely
satisfactory Syringe.

With a 5 inch stroke of the piston a
* gontinuous stream of water can be THE ECLIPSE SYRINGE
thrown forty feet, with as little exertion PATENT APPLIED FOR.
as is necessary to work the smallest
syringe.

No packing is necessary, as by its
peculiar construction there is no possi-
bility of its leaking.

Dents in the outer barrel have no effect
whatever upon its working parts. It is

Beg NID
ZN

~ SS x ~
sy \ \
(
| «K \\ SK,
\ ‘N Ne a
WW Fr, Db Z
LA
\
\ \
Wk ef
\\\ j
WW STi.
yy 0
\\ f
a

almost indestructible. aa '| \
By means of the 4 ft. hose attachment, | a \
water and solutions of various kinds can @ | |

be drawn from pail, tank or stream, thus
ensuring a continuous flow, and making
it very efficacious in case of fire.

Attach the Elbow Joint and you have
the most perfect apparatus for cleaning

the under surface of the leaves of plants, ee j= = yg

ete. : 4. Se \==} | LE
N.B. Keep the Piston well oiled. =e nas = ———
Price, Syringe with four ft. of hose, THE FC NGE

complete, $6.00. Fixed Elbow Joint, 75

cents extra PATENT APPLIED FOR

SA Length of Barrel, 12in.; diam., 1.

= So ;

No, A.—Length of barrel, 12 inches; diameter, 1 inch, with one stream and spray
rose, Price; $2.25.

No. 2.—Ladies’ Syringe; length of barrel, 144 inches; diameter 1, inches; with
one stream and two spray roses. The two roses, when not in use, are
screwed on the sides of the barrel, as shown in cut. Price, $4.25.

No, 3,—Length of barrel, 18inches: diameter, 1} inches. Best Plate Valve Syringe
large size, with one stream, two spray roses and side pieces on batrel.,

Price, $6,590,

130 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

No. 8.—Length of barrel, 18 inches; diameter, 1% inches. Best Conical Valve Syr-
inge, extra large diameter and length of barrel, with cross handle and
one spray rose. Price, $8.00.

No. 11.—'Second Quality.) Length cf barrel, 15 inches; diameter, 1kinches. Open
Rose Syringe, full size. Two spray roses and one stream. Side attach-
ments. Price, $4.29.

Che
f=
I
Ot

Lewis’ Brass Syringe, spray only, 1} by 20inches ........-.---

The Deakin’s Syringes are known to be the best manufactured in
e

rica, and are far superior to the imported.

FLORAL TOOLS.

The Boys’ Favorite—Hoe, Spade ane Rakes 05 G40 ae $2 00
No. 5.—4 pieces, Hoe. Rake. Spade and Fork (Ladies’ Set:. 1 00
FORKS.

Geneva Spading, Long Handled......-..-- ----. 0 75

“s < < strapped) eek: aoe 0 80
Spading Short Handled (strap NEG es ches See ae ae + 5e, 1.00 and 2
Manure Enterprise Long Handle d, 4 tine (strapped)... --.. *. ites ee 0 70

enews = 4 tine “ 12 oe 0 70
a = 5 tine 0 90
HOES.
W. A. Lyndon’s Louisiana, No. 00—Field....-. --..--- ------ a Sn a
$ ve No. 85

Qg— * Oe Cie = eA 2 eae

)

Se 0 90

Nas (225 88 ese 5 ee oe ee 1 00

No. «3 1 10

W. A. Lyndon’s Louisiana, No. 0—Toy ....-. ; aoe e eke ke
= a No: d=) S02. ee ae cry eee 0 75

i - NO. 24" A eee brb.s vee Re eee SS!

=s Broad, Field No. OOO cy Aad: Miegea f. let ee ee 9 40

= Not. (rt <p eee: INGE ES Mabe Bae > 0 45

r spe. Co ee one eg as Beis eee ee 0 50

¥ a RE ONG. 0 2 5 5 eee Oe. Meet Reap ee PRE i yes
Sandusky Tool Co’s Planter's S NG a ae a Saath ae eas Se bo ree Se ee aD

Noe 662253 eet ee ye, ees Joy. Soe ae . 0 40

<3 Woe} Ak Se Te er es ee 22 eee ; Pes

SSS SS See

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

Oa eOtOReWabhrMaNGiG. tr. ccy eee. con ONS a fa oP vee eNme treat £0 75
MMLCEDLISSMmOc mer WIth WANGIOL Ves Oe ooh ye eee ke eal fel le were late tale’: 0 35
Two Pronged Weeding, with handle...... DROP RN ay Ss ..40c. and 0 50
Four ‘a $f sf Pee See AOE yt, MiNi si: tote Vek, BONE” fc tN Goel oie er eR ea 0 50
Sima SOud shaulnk. INO. ols (POmnted) so Shins LEE OT ae Va eae 0 40
Maren s Hoe anc iake, COMpINEG..0) oc. cas ly ca laa b ech ou eee sate Oo 0 50
Miitehorscunie: sinches, (Mnehish sy TOA AL a GA oes 0 50
= 7 “ Be AR et NL aah saan oes dhe PPAN ay ant Bema eee ous air ah RNRee MENA ate 0 60
a te WHC NMMAMES (AMETICAIN iit le Rosen ons shatardes ato Oanaehe Bie 0 60
Sou shane Gotton. with, handle; No. 00 2d ili kee 0 50
s ‘* Planter’s ‘ SPP NOL OOOhP Stee «ke coms eat ees aN 0 45
as “ a ay AEA RIN (Coat SUN Ten Ora Bae gtice: Wie sha yee ee 0 60
Tiffin =e Adjustable, No. 1 with handle......... SMT EL WA Ah 0 55
vr a No. 2 of Lai id dh GEIL tt tte hs WiC Ig Pa 0 65
sf as mf No. 4 BRR TE Gal es taierat Ac ic. 3) Sect a es RN Rs 0 75
og seein Garden INOe W/O tiie aie sir eeae Nees ee Ra 0 35
fe NO S/O neh ik ie SURbe RMR, sium windy we ciay Rite 0 40
si wi) Nov3/0:with handle 2.0)... 2. ROG TYME. AEG Se GUN CI Le: Wat Lt 0 40
Re eT ONOS b/ Oy BOE ai OAs aE Rms 0 45
a Sead NO ee, bi = Be RS de Be EERE slab 0 50
a Now So Enea TALL Waar Pim eine a LOM Ne eM te 0 Yacsee Gea ea ee © 0 60
43 eau or Sprouting, No. 7/0 with Randle Hy eR ek a Fe 0 45
os is mt No. 5/0 “ MUS BERG coe CRRA RATA. Ante 0 50
ty MNO mEOn eo, Grape cwithyiam@l. cika Mase. . o) de. sak. Sh ine eaee 0 75
ie hake KNIVES. :
Pec MN ROIS SUM IM Sy ey eae from 60¢ to 1 25
Saynor & Cooke’s % {phe he Cah 2 et nah a Male a AL NOR le Re a from 75ce to 1 50
Saynor & Cooke’s Budding ..... igh | Deas $1 00Vand 1 40
Geo. Wostenholme’s Pruning I. X. ae Racy SAS am aR Mec eat A 0 75
Maher & Crests Buddine (Cocoa, Wandley Fi ols... 0 40
i (Biloomiyaicmcley ny see Cok ales is te Se rte ne engine 0 60
ce i me (Ivory handle). .... ae 0 75
POTATO HOOKS.
Long Handled, 4 tine, (Goose Necked)................. Peon oa mae mire ys ik 0 40
i: - SY LINDGREN eu A Goa A a Re aN Oa ae 65c and 0 70
Sf : 41 ENITIWS iG EM ca atl a oF ee 40c and 50
=e C4 4 tine (round)... WA Oa Pane a gee Th ie eh), |) | eat Oe 0 50
ms AP UM Oa Wise Met RECHIVEY Miele. gu) at. Nomeake's ly motu ties 0 50
PRUNING SAWS.
IDA EDULE 1.2) TINO SUAS) 87 (ReMi Saas ON TE a a een ete” MUN Fi 0 90
a WOxGET0 OFEISS: UTA Cla MGA POSSE ct Chan ae ane Ene Semi ean PURER SLANE) 0 50
% Ae eS ee iii jan Nem peer sour Meare ele ION EMO ee a gees ong Na ee 0 75
aM Diplex:/) 16 oF" "Ni ak COIR aie pat Mone lida a anime am Ramen RO ORR SPST. 1 00
ALSIP ay 1 INT OTIS SCAG cre aac EIN 1S RMS AG a A 1 00
STATUTE Ligh ACUI ARNG Saga ea ne mm ee OR CE eS ON ADO a free 0 75
RAKES.
Tmporprise wenst Steel. 6 teeth i: Uwe Oo vere ek ow oo Re 0 30
es. Tooi oY Ss, Cast Steel, 10 Wee LS (eosioci)) BA Rey rea NEA Ns ioc 0 45
“iG : ta sates LD altsicah 5y'spta] Ae re RRC A eel Be chen 0 50
+ F * ze cag ia TN Se CTR ae OS ee 8 Cae 9 60
«6 46 66 66 66 16 «@ es be cpl ates SY AR Ry tue Gem Ne n- ae e peta afrmtiant 0 70

52 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Challenge Rakes, (Malleable Iron) 10 teeth...... sel? 2 Bode ae aes . 30 30
“7 2 5 EP SORE. 2 CU SEe ON cee we Fey eee Nee ee 2 0 40

e ee ee és 14 ee ay ’ Pt sp <9 TUOS ad Be ce DEC EAN hte ag 0 45

ee 72 RAE 35 ce IGS Tee Se Sok Se E ee ae co) nu ee 0 50
Wooden Head, (12 Iron teeth). .. ....... Be) oP ter ee eg! ot bs a ee U 50
Wooden Hay Rakes. Pel cb aery Neon Ot dit geoph a eee ee
English Wroaeet Tron Rakes (10 a without handle. f Aylens ee ee 0 59
(12 Wii? St. ae 0 60

(i Bees : * ‘ih y ist ee ee

Gee *y e2 cy Re ee ak ie 2 738

Lawn Rakes (Qass “g es ite, Gis Je oe eee eee 2 50

; SPADES.
Ames’ Long Handled (extra heavy). -.-.... -. Made mec aes by ioe ee Sees it SD

Ames’ “* = Bright: 2:7). Pg RCS ie teal te Ee eR ee J. Sreegen 0 90
maMeS bmehh. —): Handle 2h Pets oe SOAS to se ae eee e e Bey et 0 30.

Rowlands’ Long Handled......- es Oey! apy. ke ie Oe tat ee ig) Saab Saag
Jonnson’s 7° se Bnisht..-.: Be ines, iar Mere Ee i ana 0 70
French Steel, Bright, without handles ......... ... are Rea yen * | 102 and 115

SHOVELS.

Rowland’s, D. Handle, (square) ... . abe aie Pe De RE eh ee 0 75

Ames’ Bright Long Handled, (round non SS ee ee Rs 23, Sse

Rowland’s Long Handled, (round point) ................. tae {sah Q 75

Rowland’s * - (SQUATE) 4 Bas sate D> i SAE ee one eae 0 75

SCYTHE SNATRHS.

Handles for French Scythe Blades (with Ring and Wedge’... sss: (i) 85

No. 0. Plate Heel. American . = 23 i Ja ek ee ee 0 65

Ne. eaten’, SO0p ll aSLGNGl <3) .o See eee oy ee Se ane
: SICKLES. |

English ae: No. = Ba PORES Wee Res SRR SEN NS a amet ere 0 46

Ne si eee ee eee 2) Ra REIL. ees oe peg § 45

Scotch (riveted back.) No.0. TE ae Ea ene kas Sa oe ae 0 50

No.1 9 60

English * INDO E Br ee Fe ens: Se tae te nee 0 50

ee = NO Si a Be eo TE ae eee ne ee ee 0 60

zy a NO. 4255 25..585, 2 2S eee eee ae | a

French Sickles. No. 1.......... Sgt Sh cee tee Pee ope te be eee ss)

3 . INO. OP rs ou RRs ee) eee ne eee Re ee ae: ve = 0 45

ae a, 8 inches ...... . pa: a2 Lt Tee REC: one 1 75
10 pe Wa ent Ae ee Se Bice Sh ae el el ee ee ee :
Pruning Shears No. 1, Wiss. ATR ee se:
oF No. 2, ie ey ee eR ey Needs! OLN aie) eee
ce ‘e No. 3. oy EOEAL (eet akaet SS, id oh - aoe 5
v 4g No. 4, eee eR oe ode Ce eth NS Ee 1 40
Pruning Shears No. 9; . WisSiB? 2o7, 3) 2.2 Sree ee RI oe a 1 65
Na. ee RAT NAPA tA 2S ane: 1 50
ay = No. 109, oh Steel Springs, 9 ij.ck. 5 2s pe eee 2 00
rs P No. 110, . 7 SO erie Fe Re . a 4 eae ee eee
ag f No. 111, et sf = | Bak? se ee oa. Witte eet ee
S - No. 160, Lee’s Cast Steel. he ie FS ie Re 1 25
if 6% sé ic ae 10 Ra eee Set ec ly” ee i 1 50

‘ FoR THE SOUTHERN STATES. ‘ a 133

eet

Pruning Shears, American Sheeptoe ................... HEAD Went topae carran Ce CSTE. $0 75

ae fe O2GEeNos~ 2. Saynor, Cooke Rides (thet. whee ee: aoa ik 1 50

* At No. 655, me a Peg a ey ee 1 65

ot ( No. 655, as a ASG ey Py SUNS ee ae 1 80

fp af renehyPertectioni NO. Pi cis dsl anual bai mes Aaa Nene 2 75

i A $e on INOS ae elle oe 2 50

ss ff “ “ No. 3 Jonette 2 25

is a Extra Heavy French, (Pat. Brass Spring), | eee 3 00

Bride JETAW VT NUTR UIVSEH BaIN ICG aed I ire ele Me On ea ee oO oe EU 2 50

if Hs INU 2Ni WN acacia ss ea RP RN le OES 9 NCE Cet rad aL ae ed Rea URS 3 00

i > . No. 3.. bee SAR I a 8 Ras A a gaa 3 50

oP os "4 PCY AS eet MD ACTA PRs oes cya 0's a He) Sl ae ie 4 00
SCYTHES.

French, net Eee esha) 22 belies Bed Ha UIE Cy SEAR iS AB ts Wor te 0 75

24. SOS ene nC eae Hae tt Me he RA ae ewes

C4 a i fe DIRE ils ON aie Eee olay Mea renee MD Ae ae se 1 00

re Second Quality any DOU eaaM et id vt” eet tin S: ea tp SAS lk ke oy 9 0 65

* hi DET Nil wal cee Ota RELY 2s Mea Rey RU MR BEN uia 0 75

ef < 26 CS AW AE aa Cees as IS STEN yas Pa ee a 0) 85

: i DM ue care Art ad St, wae 1 00

American Grass ....... he SS al 0 MNO Qa OLE nse eee ne 0 75

Mlood’s Champion Grass, .:.:.0.... 2. 0.2.20. peeing iia ha SR INA nd er 0 75

3 Brambles 20) bo 2oumenes: etek sy ioe Ce 0 a yy eee emer Oeve

The French Scythe Blades are imported ee me, and are of the best
quality ; none better can be had.

WOODASON’S BELLOWS.

Double Cone (for insect jornden) ‘Sule OR ae ange age aL DN Mpa a ee © Pt Tne Pi = Ta
Single cc re Bp arr Hee Sn eR tir ANE UAE Sa ee cts an ae 1 00
Atomizer (for liquid and powder) Be he ae AR hat ea ADI HE cI aR lta Mou Ee aR 2 00
Pure Pyrethrum Powder forabove bellows. ... ... .... .. hel. per box 050
3 ee WATERING POTS.
OGarice MaMa ase ey hone KES Goth eee vcs gred’¥o 8 Was ade « wha ks < aie ee ORO
Seana Sie a ee Sata TRANS aI Rie TREE Eas oe Ream EN Pi aes Se Sereecseer mE aH ai 0)
10 GG ce dit ay LS Gast 6 als. (OW SROWEEN tL 5t Oo ROE aoe RCo eT Aaeiee aot se CANS eng mens Boer lr ere sit URE dv ea 0 65
Pes 8! na PORES EOSIN IAN SMCs aceite VCCI mM NAP Rs MN eR NT) Fz
Gee 6 TEST NES AP EOS NR RS eRe Dy ae bint Pee es ee eA 0 90
Extra Heavy (hand made) No. 1, 20 Quarts Ne kad ks GP, BEART MME MOEN cea AB io ESR 8 2 00
(NOM tel Grek Taide eee Sosyacrs EC iad NP ale Re ea Pg Seti) rr
rT ce “ No. 3, 14 vO Bid, Pybere iors tats oi Ae toes ned Sirs a we aT bats
6s 3 66 No: 4, 10 SRN eA. ens ea AU tw By ae Lad pti d ders a dete ade 1 25
6s cé CGN as No. 5, 8 SO Aa Cae AU Sialic “ek ee tad Cara ate eee le 1 00

The latter are made of the best material, and have v ae Hue rose. heads: they
are made by a mechanic who has been furnishing the vegetable gardeners for years
with these pots, and has improved upon them until they are perfect for the purpose.

| ; : MISCELLANEOUS.

Hxecelsiom Weeding Hooks’ og 2 iy ee ee, A te te Samer Ba ee ed Aes

American Transplanting TrowelS 02... 242i dle va eS Vp Pade CMM (URS AL) od)

English hae: is CHE sly LA ete Pde ed abe PA NE a 2 ele ee eet g
se < tM oh hae INLET ok mi HALOS te eee Rev irmeenae ee | 45

Piston? Ss Trahsplanting ess g. (solid Shamk)6 mechs oe ee SANs ck Se Si SA ORAR

Enterprise °.. “ as PORE Tei IN eRe PR SAR bate 2 ST

134 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL
Transplanting Forks; (Steel) coy eee ee EE Tek ach ahen Ue A alo te a $0 35
(Malleable Hew ut aia CT Ra Wg ee Cea Bets 20c and 0 25
Rnetish bill or Briak HOOKS Pos ne) he) Or er iar (ce ae ee 1 25
Lang’s Hand Weeder............ «geeks ik SOREN Me RC Toes CE ar 0 25
LER ATS) OF 15 (CTR erg Ghani pind Caine pra na a INO ui. kre we Nae 0 40
MomehovelS.. 0.8.5 enc. Pee Siti ER Pen Ry Nee WO erm a 8 oN als 3 0 50
10a ie cong 8 0106 Ul (ete aaaitan Weare eee MRS MC UAC aniety, Gy rah aise can te CM MURIEL Wy so 0 15
Hoe Handles. 52.20... / ae POM eee aM veins aay UMN So hw i | 10c and 0 20
Pakesbandles i. i) Ne a NE conc: oh Re ae Ree Ml ae ce 0 15
Spade.and Shovel Handles. a0) s.0 pele ai ek) ee oe te ee Ge 0 20
row brdves Grathing Wax. boyces ens oe ae ee per ib. 40c. ; ene 4 Ib. 0 15
SeoteHawihepstones: uno a ee ere ole ooian BE Rs rR oR 0 20
American indian Pond. Whetstone: 2 2 ee ee eee 0 10
American. Berea, Whetstone Go oseeat 8k ee. oo eek Pe 0 10
Darby Creek Whetstone: 2.245 1535 cy. sees GER 0 10
STEM CH NWDEESEOI EG! Eis te ce emt oles Sate ae rs So eg eG eae 0 15
Hammer and Anvil for beating French ce Chesiee 2s ee a aes ees 1 50
Reha A(LOL yl) pao eos Rasen one A ep deere . per i Ue 10¢; : per Lb: 2.40230

Having received many enquiries on the culture of Alfalfa, I reprint the fol-

lowing letter, written by E. M. Hudson, Esq.,

give information thereon :

Mr. R. Frotscuer, New Orleans, La.

Dear Sir :—Your letter of the 3d inst.
has just reached me, and I cheerfully

comply with your request to give you |

the results of my

experiments with |

Lucerne or Alfalfa, and my opinion of it |

as a forage plant for the South.

I preface my statement with the ob-
servation that my experiments have
been conducted on a naturally poor,

piney woods soil (which would be class- |

ed as a sandy soil, varying in depth
from six inches to one foot. But Ihave
good red clay sub-soil, which enables
the soil to retain the fertilizers applied
to it, thus rendering it susceptible of
permanent enriching.

Three years since, when my attention
was first directed to Alfalfa, I sought
the advice of the editor of the Journal
of Progress,
formed me that, after attempting for
several years to cultivate it, he had de-
sisted. He stated that the plant,
Citronelle, in this county, died out every
summer, not being able to withstand the
hot suns of our climate. Discouraged
but not dismayed, I determined to test

Professor Stelle, who in- |

at |

a close observer on the subject, to

ViLLA FRIEDHEIM,
Mobile County. Ala.. September 7th, 1878.

the matter on a smali scale at first.
Having procured,some seeds in March,
1876, I planted them on a border in my
garden, and gave neither manure nor
work that season. The early summer
here that year was very dry; there was
no rain whatever from the first of June
te the 23d of July, and from the 2d of
August to the i5th of November not a
drop of rain fell on my place. Yet,
during all this time, my Alfalfa re-
mained fresh, bloomed, and was cut two
or three times. On the ist of Novem-
ber I dug some of it to examine the
habit of root-growth, and to my aston-
ishment found it necessary to go 22
inches below the surface to reach any-
thing like the end of the top roots. At
once it was apparent that the plant was,
by its very habit of growth, adapted to
hot and dry climates. It is indeed a
‘child of the sun.’

Encouraged by this experiment, in
which I purposely refrained from giving
the Alfalfa any care beyond cutting it
oecasionally, last year I proceeded on
a larger scale, planting both spring and-

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

fall, as I have done again this year, to
ascertain the best season for putting in
the seed. My experience teaches that
there is no preference to be given to
spring sowings over those of autumn,
provided only, there be enough moist-
ure in the soil to make the seed germ-
inate, which they do more quickly and
more surely than the best turnips. Two
winters have proved to me that the
Alfalfa remains green throughout the
winter in this latitude, 25 miles North
of Mobile, and at an altitude of 400 feet
above tide-water. Therefore I should
prefer fall sowing which will give the
first cutting from the first of March to
the ist of April following. This season
my first cutting was made on the Ist of
April: and I have cut it since regularly
every four or six weeks, according to the
weather, to cure for hay. Meanwhile
a portion has been cut almost daily for
feeding green, or soiling. Used in the
latter way (for wnder no circumstances
must it ever be pastured), I am able to
sive my stock fresh, green food, fully
four weeks before the native wild grasses
commence to put out. I deem it best

to eut the day before, what is fed green, .

in order to let it become thoroughly
wilted before using. Aiter a large
number of experiments with horses,
mules, cattle and swine, I can aver that
in no instance, from March to Novem-
ber, have I found a case when any of
these animals would not give the
preference to Alfalfa over every kind
of grass (also soiled) known in this
region. And, while Alfalfa makes a
sweet and nutritious hay eagerly eaten
by all kinds of stock, it is as a forage
plant for soiling, which is available for
at least nine months in the year, that I
esteem itso highly. The hay is easily
cured, if that which is cut in the fore-
noon is thrown into small cocks. at
noon, then spread out after the dew is
off next morning, sunned for an hour,
and at once hauled into the barn. By

this method the leaves do not fall off,

which is sure to be the case, if the Al-
falfa is exposed to a . day or two of hot
sunshine. :

a
|

135

It has been my habit to precede the
Alfalfa with a clean crop--usually Ruta-
bagas, after which I sow clay peas, to
be turned in about the last of July.
About the middle of September or later
I have the land plowed, the turn-plow
being followed by a deep sub-soil-plow
or scooter. After this the land is fer-
tilized and harrowed until it is thor-
oughly pulverized and all lumps broken
up. The fertilizers employed by me are
500 lbs. fine bone-dust (phosphate of
lime) and 1000 lbs. cotton seed hull
ashes per acre. ‘These ashes are very
rich in potash and phosphates, con-
taining nearly 45 per cent of the phos-
phate of lime—the two articles best
adapted to the wants of this plant. I
sow all my Alfalfa with the Matthews’
Seed Drill, in rows 10 inches apart.
Broad-cast would be preferable, if the
land was perfectly free from grass and
weeds; but it takes several years of
elean culture to put the land in this
condition, sowing in drill is practically
the best. No seed sower known to me
can be compared with the Matthews’
Seed Drill. its work is evenly and
regularly done, and with a rapidity that
is astonishing ; for it opens the drill to
any desired depth, drops the seed, covers
and rolls them, and marks the line for
the next drill at one operation. It is
simple and durable in its structure, and
is the greatest labor-saving machine of
its kind ever devised for hand-work.

When my Alfalfa is about three in-
ches high, I work it with the Matthews’
Hand Cultivator. First, the front tooth
of the cultivator is taken out, by which
means the row is straddled and all the
grass cut out close tothe plant: then the
front tooth being replaced, the cultiva-
tor is passed between the rows, com-
pletely cleaning the middles of all foul
growth. As often as required to keep
down grass, until the Alfalfa is large
enough to eut, the Matthews’ Hand
Cultivator is passed between the rows.

Alfalfa requires three vears to reach
perfection, but even the first year the
yield is larger than most forage plants,
and after the second it is enormous.

136 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

The land must, however, be made rich
at first ; a top-dressing every three years
is all that will thereafter be required.
The seed must be very lightly covered,
and should be rolled, or brushed in, if
not sowed witk. a Matthews’ Seed Sower.
Whenever the plant is in bloom it
must be cut; for, if the seed be left to
mature, the stems become hard and
woody. Also whenever it turns yellow,
no matter at what age, it must be cut
or mowed; for the yellow color shows
the presence of some disease, or the work
of some small insect, both of which
seems to be remedied by mowing
promptly. My experience leads me to
the conclusion that fully five tons of
cured hay per acre may be counted on
if proper attention be given to deep
plowing, subsoiling, fertilizing and
cleanliness of the soil. These things
are indispensable, and without them no
one need attempt to cultivate Alfalfa.
In conclusion, I will remark that I
have tried the Lucerne seed imported
by you from France, side by side with
the Alfalfa seed sent me by Trumbull

= x

& Co., of San Francisco, and I cannot
see the slightest difference in appear-
ance, character, quantity or quality of
yield, or hardiness. They are identical ;
both have germinated equally well, that
is to say, perfectly.

In closing, I cannot do better than re-
fer you to the little treatise of Mr. C. W.
Howard, entitled: ‘“‘A Manual of the
Grasses and Forage Plants at the
South.”? Mr. Howard, among the very
first to cultivate Lucerne in the South,

gives it the preference over all other -

forage plants whatever. My experience
confirms all that Mr. Howard claims for
it. Certainly, a plant that lasts a
generation is worthy of the bestowal
of some time, patience and money to
realize what a treasure they can secure
for themselves. I confidently believe
that in years from this date the Alfalfa
will be generally cultivated throughout
the entire South.

IT am, respectiully yours,

E. M. HUDSON,
Counsellor at Law,
20 Carondelet St.. New Orleans.

JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.

This tuber is well known, and has been described by mein my former Almanacs.
It is used for the table, also for stock feed. It does best in a rich loam; should be

' planted and cultivated like potatoes.

They yield very heavy.

Price, per bushel, $2.50—per gall., 35 cents.

DESCRIPTIVE Wis

SOME VARIETIES OF THE SORGHUM PA NiTTaNs

As a forage plant for early cutting, to
be fed to stock, I do not think that any-
thing is equal to the Amber Sorghum,
such as I have been selling for years,
imported from Kansas. After several
euttings, the branching varieties of
Sorghum, also called Millo Maize, may
be preferable, but more so for seed

than forage.—The Teosinte will give
more fodder than any of the Sorghums.
Some varieties not before described and
rather new here are the following:
Yellow Millow Maize, or Yellow Branch-
ing Dhouro, grows same as the White
Branching kind. The only difference
exists in the size of the seed, which is

acca i i

tS eC ES i at

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

twice the size of the white variety.—It
is said to be somewhat earlier, seeds
planted in April will ripen seed in
July.—On account of its branching habit
this grain should be planted in four
or five foot rows, and two to three feet

137
in the drill, according to the strength
of the land, two plants ina hill. The
cultivation is like corn.

Price, 1Uc. per lb; postage extra, 8c.
per lb. by mail—15 lbs. $1.00 by Express
or Steamer.

KAFFIR CORN.

This grain was distributed in small
quantities from the Georgia State De-
partment of Agriculture in 1878, and in
the hands of Dr. J. H. Watkins, of Pal-
metto, Campbell County, Ga., it has
been preserved and fully. developed,
and was first brought to public notice
through him in i885. The seed offered
for sale is from his own growing, the
genuine and pure stock; crop of 1889.

tis~a variety of Sorghum, non Sac-
charine, and distinctly differing in habit
of growth and other characteristics from
all others of that class. The plant is
low, stocks perfectly erect, the foliage
is wide, alternating closely on either
side of the stalks.

ft does not stool from the root, but
branches from fhe top joints, producing
from two to four heads of grain from
each stalk. The heads are long, narrow
and perfectly erect, well filled with white
grain, which at maturity is slightly
flecked with red or reddish brown spots.
Weight, 60 ibs. per bushel.

The average height of growth on good
strong land, 54 to 6 feet; on thin land,
44 to 5 feet. The stalk is stout, never
blown about by winds, never tangles,
and is always manageable, easily han-
died. A boy can gather the grain heads
or the fodder.
from 10 to i2 inches in length. and pro-
duct of grain on good land easily reaches
50 to 60 bushels per acre.

It has the quality common to many

The seed heads grow:

Sorghums of resisting drought. If the
growth is checked by want of moisture,
the plant waits for rain, and then at
once resumes its processes, and in the
most disastrous seasons has not failed
so far to make its crop. On very thin
and worn lands, it yields paying crops
of grain and forage, even in dry seasons
in which corn has utterly failed, on the
same lands.

The whole stalk, as well as the blades,
cures into excellent fodder, and in all
stages of its growth is available for green
feed, cattle, mules and horses being
equally fond of it, and its quality not
surpassed by any other known variety.
If cut down to the ground, two or more
shoots spring from the root, and the
growth is thus maintained until checked
by frost.

The Kaffir Corn may be planted in the
latter part of March, or early in April.
It bears earlier planting than other
Millets or Sorghums. It should be put
in rows not over three feet apart, even
on best land, and it bears thicker plant-
ing than any other variety of Sorghum ;
should be massed in the drill on good
land, for cither grain or forage purposes,
and also on thin land, if forage mainly
is desired. No plant can equal it for
quality and quantity of grain and forage
on thin lands. Use 3 to 5 lbs. of seed
per acre. Price of seed, 10c. per Ib.,
postage extra, 8c. per lb. by mail; lots
of 15 lbs. for $1.00.

TEOSINTE.

(Reana luxurians.)

This is a forage plant from Central |

America. It resembles Indian Corn in
aspect and vegetation, but produces a
great number of shoots 3 to 4 yards high ;
it is perennial, but only in such situa-

tions where the thermometer does not |

fall below freezing point. Cultivated
as an annual, it will yield a most abun-
dant crop of excellent green fodder.
Considering the Teosinte a superior
forage plant, the following extract. of a
letter from Mr, Chas. Debremond of

138 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Thibodeaux, La., will give additional He also advises cutting the stalks for
light on the cultivation of same.--In green food when about 4 feet high, and
describing his experience with Teosiate, | specially recommends cutting them
he advises planting the seed in Febru- close to the ground, as tending to make
ary, so as to have the plants up early | a much heavier second growth than
in March, as it takes some 14 or 20 days | when cut higher. His horses, mules
for the seed to germinate. He prefers | and cattle eat the stalks with great
planting in rows, as giving a heavier , avidity, leaving no part unconsumed,
crop than when in hills; and as its | and prefer it much to green Indian Corn
growth during the first month is very ; or Sorghum.

slow, he gives it a good hoeing for its | Price, $1.00 per lb.; 30c. per i Ib.. 15¢
first cultivation, using only the plough | peroz. Postage prepaid.

thereafter.

<p > —_____-____

ist of a Few Varieties of Acclimated Fruit Trees.
SUITABLE FGR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

HOW TO PLANT TREES.

Although there are numerous books | Nursery; work fine. meliow soil (butno
and papers published on arboriculture, | manure) among the roots, and when
giving necessary informations how to | they are all covered an inch or two, press
plant trees, and yet Iam so oftenasked | the soil very firmly down with the foot
by some of my customers how to plant | ora broad ended maul, after which fill
and prepare the soii for fruit trees, I | up evenly with setae soil, over which
deem it necessary to give here some | place a muich ci rotten straw, or man-
short instructions. | ure, 3 or 4inches eee extending 3 feet

Make the ground thoroughiy mellowat | every way from the tree. Whether the
least i5 inches deep, and 3 or 4feet wide | muich is put on or not, keep the soil well
each way, if holes are to be dug; thor- | cultivated aboutthetree. In this climate
ough plowing ofentire platis preferable | ali trees should be headed low and
ifit can be done. Prune the tree close; | leaned a little to the northwest when
straighten out roots evenly, having the | planted.
tree standing the same depth it was in |

DISTANCES APART TS PLANT TREES, VINES, ETC.:

Peaches, Plums, Standard Pears, , Grapes, such as Delaware, Ives Seed-
Apricots, in light soil, 16 to 18 feet: in ling, which are of slow growth, 6 to 8
strong soil, 18 to 20 feet each way. , leet apart each way. Thrifty growers,

Figs should be planted 20 to 24 feet like Concord, Triumph. Goethe, ete., §
apart. ' to 10 feet apart,

Dwarf Pears, Quinces, etc..10 to 15 feet | Herbemont, Cynthiana, ete., which
apart. / are the most rapid growers, 12 feet anart

Japanese Persimmons, 10 to 12 feet. in rows 8 feet wide. A.

DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING LE CONTE PEAR TREES.

Plant the tree up tothe collarinalarge | and chafing limbs with a view tospread-
hole, filling it with a rich loamin which ingthehead. Plant thirty feet each way.
some fertilizer has been mixed: press | Clean culture and broad-cast manuring
the earth in firmly around the roots, are best. For best results plant large
using water in dry weather; trim back one year trees, and only those grown
one-half of each year’s growth till the from cuttings.
fourth year, then trim only in-growing

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

LE CONTE PEAR.

This new Southern pear is as vigor-
ous in growth as the China Sand, and is
an enormous bearer. The fruit is large,
pale yellow, juicy melting; and of good
quality, doing better in the South than
elsewhere. Itbearstransportation well,
and commands the highest prices at the
North. Time of ripening begins about

Ned 5S.

*
wis
%. eee

139

a te cece clk it en ni th tt i ttt

the middle of July. So far, this pear
has never been known to blight. It
promises to be the pear for the South.

Rooted one year old trees, 4 to 6 feet,
20c. each; $2.00 per dozen, 2 year old
trees, 6 to 8 feet, 25c. each; $2.56 per
dozen.

PPO R EE os

“Set, DR
> Rory a

Yr EN ;

aes
7

SINT:

ROIS

Savy eee.)
BAERGA
Biers

4 es ‘ u * Se
S MAN: Take,
4 ee CORVRIGH TED,

Le Conte Pear,

146

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

KIEFFER’S HYBRID PEAR.

A variety from Philadelphia; a hyb-
rid between the China Sand and Bart-
lett, both of which it resembles in wood
and foliage. It has the vigor and pro-
ductiveness of its Chinese parents.
Fruit large and handsome; bright yel-
low and red cheek; flesh tender, juicy

and well fiavored. It comes into bear-
ing at an early age. MRipens end of

September, or beginning of October: 2

It is an excellent sort for preserving. —
Two year old trees, well branched, 30e.

each : $3.00 per doz. ; one year, 20¢, each :

$2.00 per dozen.

Kieffer Pear.

= beet mallet Dena Mh le ohne Daisies he

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

141

BARTLETT PEAR.

- This well-known variety, one of the
finest pears in cultivation, has been

successfully cultivated here; but occa- | finer and healthier trees.
Since the |

sionally it has blighted.
introduction of the LeConte, trials have
been made with success, that is by

grafting this, and other fine varieties, |

upon the LeConte;—by so doing, the

|
\

fh
hy

trees are imparted with the vigor of the
latter, growing stronger, and making
I offer trees
erafted on the LeConte Stock, for sale.

One year old trees, 3—4 feet, 25 cts.
each ; $2.50 per dozen.

Two years old, well branched, 5—6
feet high, 35c. each; $3.50 per dozen.

——-s
_[{kltllllll
Uff; —>=
Yi

Bartlett Pear.

DUCHESS D'ANGOULEME PEAR.

Another popular variety which does well in this section,—On LeConte Stock.
Two years old, well branched, 3vc, each; $8.00 per dozen,

142 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

HOWELL PEAR.

‘One of the best for here. Tree is an upright free grower; it is an early and
profuse bearer.
Two years old, on LeConte Stock, 30c. each ; $3.00 per dozen.

CLAPP’S FAVORITE PEAR.

A large new pear, resembling the Bartlett; but does not possess its musky
flavor. Fine texture; juicy, with a rich, delicate, vinous flavor. It is very pro-
ductive. On LeConte Stock.

Two years old, 30c. each ; $3.00 per dozen.

JEFFERSON PEAR.

Another blight proof pear, very distinct in habit and growth from other varie-
ties under cultivation. Cannot be stated yet under what particular type or species
it should be classed.

It ripens in Central Mississippi from the 1st—10th of June, is in the market
with the earliest peaches, and brings the highest prices, It is above medium size,
color bright yellow, with a bright, deep crimson cheek. It is ripe and marketed
before Leconte is ready to ship. Itis poor in flavor.

Price, two year old trees, 5—6 feet, 30c. each ; $3.00 per dozen.

WiLD GOOSE PLUM.

A native variety from Tennessee, where it is highly esteemed for market. Itis
a strong grower; the fruit is large and of good quality.
Price, 25c. each ; $2.50 per dozen.

Wild Goose Plum.

-FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES,

143

MARIANNA PLUM.

A new plum from Texas, supposed
accidental seedling of the Wild Goose.
It is a rapid grower. Grows from cut-
tings; it never throws up any suckers or
sprouts. Fruit as large, good and hand-
some as the Wild Goose; one to two
weeks earlier, hangs on better, ships
well; ripens and colors beautifully, if

picked a few days previously. It is
the best of the Chickasaw type. This
variety and the Wild Goose, should be
fertilized by the common Chickasaw
kind to have it bear well.

Price, 5-6 feet high, 25c. each; $2.50
per dozen.

Marianna Plum.

144

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

KELSEY’S JAPAN PLUM.

The Prunus Domestica, or European varieties, have proven worthless in the
above will take their place promising good results,

South generally. The
being of Asiatic origin.
The Kelsey Plum is
from two to two and
a half inches in diam-
eter, heart-shaped, rich
yellow, with purple
cheek. Parties who
have been fruiting it
here in the South, pro-
nounce itthe most mag-
nificent plum they have
seen; it weighs from 4
to 6 ounces. It excels
all other plums for can-
ning and drying, and
will carry for a long dis-
tance better than any

other kind. Matures
middle of August to
September. It has

fruited in this neighbor-
hood this past season ;
if is a most delicious
fruit, and everyone whe
plants fruit treesshould
not fail te plant some.
T consider it a great ac-
quisition.

Price, 25¢e. each,; $2.59 per dozen.

SATSUMA OR BLOOD PLUM.

This is another variety from Japan;
has been fruited in California last year.
The following is the deseription given
by theintroducer, Mr. Luther Burbank:
“Tt is nearly six weeks earlier than the
Kelsey, firm flesh; much larger, of finer
quality, colorand form. It is an early
and enormous bearer, and the trees grow

with more vigor than any of the other
varieties of Japan Plums [I have fruited
here. The seed is also the smallest yet
seen,”

The flesh is dark red, solid color from
skin to pit, firm, rather juicy, and of
good flavor.

Price, 75c. each; $6.00 per dozen.

OGAN AND BOTAN PLUMS.

Two other Japan varieties. They are
vigorous, handsome growers; branches
smooth with rich light green foliage.

The Ogani is a large yellow variety,
yipens early, and is very sweet, The

Botag is very large, reddish blue; a
good keeping andshipping fruit. Japan
fruit does well here generally; every-
body should try a few of these plums,
Price, 30c. each ; $3,00 per dozen.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

145

APRICOT PLUM.

(PRUNUS SIMONT.)

A new plum from North China. It
was fruited for the first time in 1885, by
T. W. Munson, of Denison, Texas—the
well-known nurseryman. The fruits,
when ripening, shine like apples of
gold, and become of a rich vermillion
when ripe. It is very firm and mealy,

and equal to any plum; has never been
attacked by the Cureulio. It will carry
any desired distance.

Tree very thrifty, upright; early and
abundant bearer.

Price, one year old trees, 30c. each;
$3.00 per dozen.

PEACH TREES.

I have a fine assortment of Southern grown Trees, selected from the well-

known Nurseries of Gaines, Coles & Co.

FREE STONES.

FREE STONES. H
Stump the World.

They consist of the following varieties, viz:

CLING STONES.
General Lee.

Jessie Kerr. |

Amsden. | Thurber. Stonewall Jackson.
Alexander, | Old Mixon. Old Mixon.

Early Louise. | Crawford’s Late. Lemon.

Fleitas St. John. Smock. Heath.

Mountain Rose. Picquet’sj/Late. Nix White Late.
Homey. Lady Parham. Stinson’s October.
Foster. Butler.

Crawford’s Early. Chinese.

Amelia.

As they follow in the list they ripen in succession.

Price, 25c. each ; $2.50 per dozen.

PEEN-TO OR FLAT PEACH OF CHINA.

This remarkable Peach is very popular |
in Florida, where it thrives admirably
and produces magnificent crops of fruit. |
Fruit 25 inches in diameter, very flat,
skin pale greenish white, with red cheek ;
pealing readily at maturity; flesh fine
grained, juicy and smelting with almond

aroma, quality best. It colors some time
before being ripe, and should remain on
the tree until fully matured, and may
then be shipped to distant markets with
perfect safety. Ripens in Florida about
the 1st to 15th of May.

Price, 25c. each ; $2.50 per dozen.

GRAPE VINES.

Have some selected varieties for the table, and for making wine.

ing is a list of them, viz. :

Champion.
quality but sells readily, being the ear-
liest in the market.

2 years old, 10c. each ; $1.00 per dozen.

Mioore’s Early. Large size and
very early, good tor table use. _ Price,
20c. each.

Delaware. Well known. Regarded
as best American Grape; it does well in

Large black, poor |

The follow-

the South, with good soil and high cul-
ture. Price, 20c. each; $2.00 per dozen.

Goethe. Light pink; very fine for
table use. It is the best of the Roger’s
hybrids. Price, 20c. each; $2.00 per
dozen.

Triumph. This is a late variety;
bunches very large, golden when fully
ripe, fine as best foreign, and sells

146 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

equally well; melting pulp, small seeds,
vigorous as Concord, of which it is a
hybrid seedling. Rarely it rots; stands
pre-eminently at the head as a late
table grape. Price, 20c. each.

Norton’s Virgimia. An unfailing,
never rotting, red wine grape of fine
quality. Price, 20c. each; $2.00 per
dozen.

Cyuthiana. Very much like the
latter; same price. ~

Concerd. Early:

very popular;

gocd for market. Some years it rots.
10c. each ; $1.60 per dozen.

Ives. Ripens with the Concord.
Good for wine; vigorousand productive.
10¢. each ; 31.00 per dozen.

Herbemont (WicKee). A most pop-
ular and successful red or purple grape
in the south ; excellent for table or wine.
Mckee is identical with it.

Price, 20c. each ; $2.00 per dozen.

Prices for other Nursery Stock will be
given on application.

JAPAN PERSIMMON.

This new valuable fruit has been fruited for the last few years.

Most varieties

are of excellent quality; twice and three times as large as the native kind; very

attractive when the fruit is ripe.

and of a most delicious flavor.

profitable fruit to grow.
Assorted named varieties.

I had some which weighed a pound, very sweet
As they are of easy culture and do well here, itisa

Price, 50c. each ; £5.00 per dozen, large size.

Japan Persimmon. (Hachiya.)

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

147

CELESTE OR CELESTIAL FiG.

I have only a limited supply of-.one
year old trees of this variety. They

have- been raised from cuttings in a |

sandy loam; are well rooted, and raised
to a single stem; not in sprouts, as is
often the case, when raised from suckers
taken off from old trees.

The cultivation of this fruit has rather
been neglected, which should not beso,
as the fig is always a sure crop, with
very little attention. It has commenced

to be an article of commerce, when
preserved; shipped from here it sells
quite readily North, put up in that way.
The Celeste is the best for that purpose,
not liable to sour like the yellow skinned
varieties, and sweeter than other dark
skinned kinds.

Price, 25c. each ; $2.50 per doz. ; packed
and delivered on steamboat, or R. R.
depot.

NEW WHITE ADRIATIC FIG.

This valuable variety has been intro-
ducedintothis country from South Italy ;
where it is esteemed as the finest of all
Figs. The Tree attains an enormous
size and isan immense bearer, bearing
more than any other variety known.

The fruit is of the finest quality; the
skin is thin like paper, thinnest at the
base and not like most other Figs thicker
at the point. The pulp Is very sweet,
with small seeds, without a hollow space
in the centre; in fact, the whole fruit is
one solid pulp.

The size of the fruit is larger than the
white Smyrna Fie and a great deal finer
inflavor. It begins to ripen in July, and
Figs ripen from that time continually
until frost. ,The principal crop is in
August.

This variety is extensively grown in
Italy fur drying, and the finest dried
Figs of commerce are obtained from it.
Since our climate is well adapted to its |
eulture it will in time prove the most
valuable of all Figs.

Price, 50c. each ; $5.00 per dozen.

NEW POMEGRANATE “SPANISH RUBY.”

This new variety of the well-known

Pomegranate is one of the most beauti- |

ful and finest of all fruits of our temper-
ate climate. Fruit very large, as large
as the largest Apple; eye very small,
skin thick and smooth, pale yellow with
crimson cheek ; meat of the most beauti-
ful crimson color, highly aromatic and

SUCKER STATE

We have various sorts of soil in Louis-
jana, and the Strawberry suitable to and
succeeding equally well in poor or rich
land, can only be determined by prac-
tical experiment.

There are but few varieties which
adapt themselves to all soils and lati-
tudes, hence the importance of planting
. those which experienced fruit growers
have tested and found profitable. A
Strawberry having all the good qualities,

very sweet. The Spanish Ruby is a fine
grower and good bearer, and the fruit is
excellent for shipping, as it will keep for
a long time.

it ripens shortly before Christmas and
could be shipped to Northern cities,
where during the holidays it would at-
tract great attention. — Price, 75c. each.

STRAWBERRY.

has not, and perhaps never will be
discovered; still in choosing, it is well
to purchase plants having as many good
points as possible. ThisI claim for the
Sucker State.

It is bisexual; having both, stamens
and pistils perfect. ‘The foliage is very
heavy, protecting the fruit from beating
rains and hot sun. It is very prolific,
large size, good quality, and cone
shaped, Color bright red, very attrac.

148 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

tive, and in addition will ship well.
prices, viz.: 60c. per 100; $5.00 per 1000.

I offer this variety at the following

Have other varieties, Wilson’s Albany, ete., at same price.

Sucker State Strawberry.

LOVISIANA SOFT SHELL PECANS.

This is a variety of nuts which only
grows South, and is a sure crop here.
Those who planted Orange trees twenty
years ago, lost most of their labor in
January, 1886, when seven-eighths of
trees were killed by the severity of the
weather. If Pecan trees had been
planted instead, they would have
brought a handsome income, and con-
tinued to increase every year in their
production, furnishing a never failing

erop for a whole century. The crop of
pecans from which I have been getting
my seed has failed, owing to the storm
of August, 1888, which broke off the
branches and mutilated the treesin such
manner, that they only grew new wood
this year, of which I expect a good crop
in 1890. Have some large pecans on
hand, soft shell; but not so large as in
former years.
Price, 50c. per pound. .

Sa scat ne Ei

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 149

WOVELTIES AND SPECIALTIES FOR 1690.

Hoorsford’s Pre-
lude Tomato. The
originator of this va-
riety claims to have in
this one of the earliest
tomatoes. The skin is
firm and perfectly free
from rot. It is of excel-
lent flavor and special-
ly adapted for forcing
as well as open air cul-
ture. Give ita trial.
Price, per packet, 10c. ;
per oz., 50c.; per 4 lb.,
$1.50.

DwarfChampion
Tomato. A new dis-
tinet “variety; the
plants grow stiff and
upright, and need no
support as other kinds.
Can be planted closely
together, three feet
apart. Itis very early
and productive; the
fruit resembles the
Acme, but is of lighter
color, ripens up even
and does not crack.
Where room is an ob-
ject this variety is re-
commended.

Price, per packet,
10c.; per 0Z., 50c.; per

4 1b., $1.50. |

Trocadero Let- FEN il
tuce. This is a new Horsford’s Prelude Tomato.
Cabbage Lettuce from
France; it is of light green color, form-
ing a large solid head, resembling the
New Orleans Improved Passion Lettuce
somewhat in appearance. It is good for
foreing and outdoor culture.

Price, per packet, 10c; per oz., 30c.;
per lb., $2.50.

Early Golden Cluster Wax Pole
Beans. This is the earliest Wax Pole

—

Bean in cultivation; pods from 6 to 8 Trocadero Lettuce,

150 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

inches long, produced in clust-
ers. The pods are golden yellow:
flavor delicious.

Price, per packet, 19 cts.; per
pint, 30c; per qt., 50e; per gall.,
$1.50; per peck, $2.50.

Henderson’s New Bush
Lima Beans. This isa dwarf
Butter Bean which requires no
poles; it grows from 18 to 24
inches high. It isearly and pro-
ductive. It should be called
Dwarf Carolina or Sewee Bean,
as the pods are of the size of
that variety. Recommend same
for family use, where it is diffi-
cult to obtain poles.

Price, per packet, 25c; five for
$1.00; per pint, 75c; per qt., $1.25.

.
é:

Early Golden Cluster Wax Pole Beans. Henderson’s New Bush Lima Beans

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES, 151°

Rural New Yorker No. 2 Potato. First. -Distinet appearance.
This potato is the nearest to perfection Second. — Large size and unusual’
of any kind yet introduced, and exceeds | smoothness of skin.
all othersin yield. It has many distinc- Third.—Eyes few, distinct and shal-
tive features, and could be readily recog- ; low. - : a
nized among a hundred others. Among Fourth.—Its form is that which is most
the features peculiarly its own are: | approved by all potato lovers.

Wil HAIG
A A A AM
AR co \

A
AW \ \
on \

\\ nN ii
\ ’

152 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

——_———
= nn

Fifth.—Extreme whiteness. both of| dry. They are fit for the table when
skin and flesh, and unexcelled table | dug quite young, as they are extremely
quality. early.

Sixth.—Great vigor in growth and soli- Price, per peck, 50c. ; per bush., $1.50;
dity of tuber, enablingit toresist disease | per bbl. 34.00.
toa remarkable degree. Do not fail to
try it.

Price, per 3 peck, 60ce. ; per peck, $1.00;
per bushel, $3.00.

The Thorburn Potato. The origi-
nators of this potato claim to have in |
this one.of the earliest and best of all
productive sorts. A seedling of the |
Beauty of Hebron, which it resembles; | eS

5 Bee: : : | arly Sunrise i’otato.
but is much earlier; quality is unsur- |
passed. - The Unknown Pea. This is a
- Price, per 3 peck, 40c.; per peck 75¢.; | new Pea belonging to the Southern Cow
per bush., 32:00; per bbl. $5.00. Pea elass. It is of a greenish white

Early Sunrise Potato. This va- | colorand of a strong vigorous growth.
riety is of recent introduction; itis very | The pods are long and full, and continue
early and fairly productive. Thetubers | in bearing for some time.
are large, oblong; solid, uniform and Price, per peck, 75e.; per bush., $2.09:
handsome; flesh white, fine grainedand by mail, postage paid. 15c. per lb.

EXTRA CLEANED BIRD SEE

I make a specialty to put up choice re-cleaned bird seed in cartoons holding
one pound. These cartoons contain a mixture of

SICILY CANARY, HEMP, GERMAN RAPE,
AND GERMAN MILLET,

all re-cleaned and of best quality.
Have also plain Canary put up in same way, one pound cartoons; this is of the
very best quality and also re-cleaned. Price, 10c. per cartoon; 3 cartoons, 25c.
Have also in bulk, the above as well as Hemp, Rape and Millet.
Cuttle Fish Bone, 5c. a piece; 50c. a pound.
a a

ee SS oe BIW IN ASS:

ALPHA, La., Noy. 24, 1889. | EWELTON PLANT., La., June 18, 1889.
Our garden was splendid this past | _ [cut a cabbage on the 15th inst. which
summer due to the fine seed you sent | Weighed 19} lbs. ; it was raised from seed
us ; in future will use no other, but yours. | Qf your Superior Flat Dutch Cabbage.
d ¥ ~ We had a six weeks’ drouth, which I

_ Mrs. R. W.SEAG. © calculated diminished its weight about
Houma, La., April 16th, 1889. aren een sie és i oa ADR well eta
Your seeds are doing splendid ; I have een all my Hohe Bic mee
never failed to get your seeds to germi- oP Boo MER TL,
nate. J.C. RAGAN. Se ee

ae rE oie Catvert S1’n, Axa., January 17, 1889.
RaMsey, La., February 15, 1889. Have always found your oes to beas
Have been planting your seeds for , represented. The Wardwell’s Kidney
several years, and have found them Wax Beans I got from you last season,
superior to those from Northern houses, | I liked better than any other bunch bean
especially with Melons. I ever tried before.
J.N. WILLIAMS, ! Mrs. Dr. W. T. WEBB.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 153

a a nn ne le

TER ees ets

Pl PERS & GARDENERS PRICELIST.

COST OF MAILING SEED.

Orders for ounces and ten cent papers are mailed free of postage, except
Beans, Peas and Corn See page 4 in regard to seeds by mail. On orders
by the pound and quart an advance of eight cents per pound and jijteen
cents per quart must be added to EU IAA Gs for postage.

SPECIAL DIS DISCOUNT.

On all orders, amounting to $ 5.00 and over, 10% diseouns.
14 6c 6c 10. OT) ts 1
¢e ce 4 2(). OO ce 15 cc
For larger quantities, special prices will be given on application.
The above discount is on all seeds e xcept Potatoes, Onion Sets,
Shallots, Grass and Field Seeds, which are net cash.

VARIETIES. PRICES.
|
ARTICHOKE. Per ae Per} Ib:,\\) Per tb:
Large Green Globe (Loan) .. ...... APTS, cea $0 50 | $1 75 6 00
Early CoB PACA LTT 0. set eRe A A RD ee | 40 f Woh Oe SHE BOO
ASPARAGUS. ) |
Conover’s Colossal ........... ee a RE ec a ae 10 20 | 50
Per 100 Per 1000 |
sf i Roots Syears old... ... pat 30 75 | $600 |
BEANS—Dwarf, Snap or Bush. Per quart. | Per peck. |Per bushel
Early Mohawk Six Weeks A sire lta Woes rape $020 | $125 | $4 50
Early Yellow Six Weeks...... ....... Seti Niti | 20 125 | 450
Dwarf German Wax, (stringless) ...... ae 25 25> .a/h = & SO
Dwar Golden Wax ike oe hue ola. Shik wee 25 link 50 6 00
Wardweli’s Dwarf Kidney Wax RD as eM 25 Ao 6 OU
Dwarf Flageolet or Perfection Wax............ 8 | 40 ee oO) 8 00
White Kidney ASB el Abe: CN Rie Sein ae 5 | 20 } 1425 4 50
Early China Red Bye. Seat eats 2: mal 20 han th 25 4 50
eaHCIGMeyh: 2 LG. seen perro 2 20 1 25 4 50
Bestiof Allis: .. AE Deed ae Aas 25 1 50 5 50
Improved Valentine MN Ree ys ic Bey aS 20 aes Rees 4 50
Pride of Newton, in 10c. papers only. oH |
BEANS— Pole or Running. 7 | |
3 | |
Margerlimea . 1) 94028). Rem a rear n , Pe | 40 | 2 50 9 00
WAMBO eee C ye toe a eee Sees ee is. 40 | 2 50 9 00
Southern Willow-Leav ed Sewee or Butter. ‘SI 50 | 2 50 9 00
Horticultural or Wren’s Beg EU AS ee UE 30 2 00 7 00
Dutch Case Knife. . Se SEER | ih ORR ieee 30 2 00 7 GO
German Wax (stringless)........... Bs eget ig =| 40 2 25 9 00
SBUPMOHO ME ONIMG 2c See A es bik 6 ale ie des te 40 2 25 9 00
PT ESSE 1B ce) PN ae ARE OS aa | 40 2, 25 9 00
Lazy Wife’s.... eat RUE Se fate 40 2 59 8 00
Golden Wax Flageolet. SAC a | 40 3 00 9 00
L

New Golden Andalusia Wax, in 100. papers only

BEANS—Ensglish. |
TESS ID VIC R10]: kn a at 25 fT SOey sie oe ON
Prices for lareer quantities given on application.

154 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

VARIETIES. PRICES:
BEET. Per ounce.| Per} lb. | Per Ib.
Mirae MarhyOrvBassaiio, Gaels Mi CU eran etn .. | $0 10 BO 20 $0 50
Simons Marly! Red ‘Burnipg: (ite. oy ee ge: pr ae 10 20 50
Harty Blood Turnip.) 2.05. ~ Rise ell din ard eth: 10 20 50
Rimes Bloods Oo Te ca ON AE aera esha iat 10 15 40
Halt Bong Bloods edie Chetry staan uae Meee 10 20 50
Biegotian hee Sia rm i a ae. eeo sk feed 2 eee ae eee 10 20 50
Eclipse SUB OD er ht eM MLSS UN ea ATR c gl ING LE ur AC AC 10 25 75
Ee rut oe TE ER OW tevin Ae lereuraeee 9 10 25 75
fancy Red Mangel Wurzel 0 000502 eset 10 15 40
Wihite Birencheor: Sucam shay Ge ieee sae saga 10 15 40
STIWOTA OES WASSAC IAT ier nue eh fae ee) malo NS 10 25 75
BORECOLE or CURLED KALE. ;
Dwart German: Greens, 00 ke A 15 40 1 00
BROCCOLI. Purple Cape...... MAUR GM NA GAS Nadie oe ne 2gS0 1 00 4 00
BRUSSELS SPROUTS............ .......... 25 75 3°60
CABBAGE. .
vey: WOM hele Ge ays EU AUN Cer SHCA eae OAS Bers Pee REG AT Tet
Early Large York BO ER Nt pee CM Litas te 2 60 2 00
HAI OUSAPELIO A Meer et cis Se wei tr IGS Pie 25 75 “2-50
Barly, Maree OxWeare oo cc. ck ac sede Ok oy senna 25 75 2 50
Ranly Winninostadti: canto! (oe. BRAS ee tad ee en 25 "5 42750
DELSEY CNV ARENT O LG aol ee ie TRE ee ar Ue aN 30 ah 00 4 00
Hari MlateDutehs..) 2 RON a NN Ne A OR Oe." 75 2 50°
eel Dr urna ne a Ges Mh coon A See Okie ten wie Naat 25 75 2 50
arve Mat Brunswick) woos. 205.0 so LOR nga ek 25 1 00 3 00
improved. Marve tbate, Drumheads 2-25 ea. 25 1 00 3 00
Superior large late:sHlat Duteh 22 -22.2 55 2 ee 25 1 00- 3 00
Improved Early Summer........ BA SAUL beer ly ih 25 1 00 3 00
Red Dutch (form relki ime) 5 2 220 eo ee i 25 1 00 3 00
Green Globe Savoy ........ SUN gay tae ie te 5 60 2 00
Harly Dwark Savoy. 35 Jui5 05. . cea ede ta eee ae ee 25 60 2 60
Drunmesaa Savoy ok oso. Ph MA at De AN Bite tee Cee 25 75 2 50
St. Denis’ or Chou. Bonneuihios cece) oe ones 25 75 3 00
CAULIFLOWER.
1D Se pel 2 Wel ie) Bes Nn Sy enna. eye AY aH Saas re Mat EE er ay SRR 105 2 50 10 00 -
Rat Marky Paris io 2M leek Boe Tivos i Sr Rea, 75 2 50 10 00
103518) hic ON EO Och ese alk ea ar aa She wal eoabore Mem ay alee 75 2 50 10 00
LeNormand’s Short Stemmed................ .---. 1 00 3 00 10 00
Harhy Tiallian Gianbe eo Wee eee oes a eel NS 1 00 3 00 12 00
Late Italian iat RED cle NL) OO rl tl tee gUR Uh coeie MeaA 1 00 3 00 12 00
Imperial fe pe NED ae Aiea ti LRTI Res, St 1 00 3 00 12 00
Algiers (fine): 3). 2.2: RnR POR ant vila aloud sy Manlio 1 00 3 00 12 00-
CARROTS.
PULA S CAE LOt EV ORM (2-0 ei PRO ee) eau yar ns ai 10 35 1 00
Half Long Scarlet French | ....... eee ae 10 25 80
Half Long Luc .... ANGI A S8 ss eee Ae PML SCE ty SST) 10 | 30 1 00,
Improved. Long Orange AT ee WOR Tee Wed Stee ie 10 he Stil 80 |
Long Red, VALHOUL COLO ona tise uceena me 10 30 1 00
Srevalerion in ole. te i RM naa Nh etc AYE 3M 10 30 1 00
Danver’s Intermediate . BB ay SRR RRA BON Cah 10 25 80
CELERY. ‘i
Large White Solid (finest American) .-............ 25 75 - 2 '50
Perfection Heartwell, (very ne) Us cs aii NEUE 40 1. 20) Sere
Large Ribbed Dwarf ..... ATA ih VMN Nah tat eae 25 75 2 50
Purnip-hooted {4.2 2S SEA GHO Me R LOR HORA os Ha 30 1-00 4 00
Cute ng Or Some ie ad ye Lake pe Bane RT ee Me 15 50 1 50
CHERVIL.
Plain leaved..... ARAN Se ERT AUT Pagar BARS Moat Pan CAR 15 50 1 50
COE 6 Fe ee eal 0 Lah VOT na) me 1 50 ieee West
CORN: SALAD eer FR, Pate Ie Ay ts. 15 50 1 50

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 155

VARIETIES. mRtC ES:

CORN. Per qnart.| Per peck. |Per bushel
Heron hariy wart Sugar (65 oe ee ee eeOeb #1 25 $4 00
Woeimas Wxtra, Marly ooo. oy eee as 20 1 00 3 00
HaGly SUedh OFS Welt lest yk ewe as x 20 125 4 00
Stowell’s “Evergreen eT est MY, ie ee vo 20 ie 4 00
CO MEM DEAUUV Sie sen act oe we ee ee eo ae a 15 1 00 2 50
Champion White Pearl ..5)0 02 wed yas P= 15 1 00 2 50
Golden Dent Gourd Seed............5.. 2.2... are 15 1 00 2 50
Farly Yellow. Canada ............... Sie age Se 15 75 2 50
Large White Flint ....... Pe SaL amet re aie yaks a x5 15 75 2 50
Plant Ss Prone ieldy. ik sve e eae eee a 15 1 00 2 50
Improved Leaming 0 AO Set DUAN MU oe Da 3 | 15 1 00 2 50
JEOPS OV FSR Pag) 10 CORRE ER ee ue 15 75 2 50
Bielsomyncime. WWW Nite) OR eee eg bee es ape Al 20 1 00 2 50

N, B.— Prices for larger quantities given on application.

CRESS. Per ounce.| Per $b. | Per Ib.
Curled or Pepper Grass . Beetham NRO RE UNE Eph: Biles $0 10 $0 35 $1 (0
Broad-leaved (grey seeded) NG ETE ME haat DIO 15 60 2 00

CUCUMBER. ;
improved Marly White Spine.) )o...0 3. 6 oe bee 10 Sa ae 80
Long Green White Spine or New Orleans Market USN, 50 1 50
arly Mrameree os fess) 10 oe 80
Long Green Turkey SNS Aas ae a aaa a eater ek ROMS Ohne eer) 1 00
1 Eh GCS) (he 10 25 80

_ Gherkin, or Burr ( for pickling) Spe AUR RENO alert asg Es, Ze 20 75 2 50

EGGPLANT.

Large Purple, or New Orleans Market..... .. ..... 40 1 50 5 00
ely Pewee Ovals Cod wieder ales Diem SUEN 30 1 ae 4 00

ENDIVE.

Green Cured ee ote oe, Siesta ee 20 75 2 50
Bahra ime @urled were wees ok ee yk Nee 20 75 2 50
Broad-leaved or Pscarolle ..... 20 75 2 50

KOHLRABI. :

Hamive White Viena orl) Oi ee dol visas Po ccc e 25 a5 2.50:

LEEK. |
Large London Flag, American grown.... .... ... 20 65 2 00
Large Carentan 380 1 00 3 00

LETTUCE.

Harly Cabbage or White Butter................... 20 60 2 00
Improved Royal Cabbage....... ......... ey get 20 15 2 50
Pico mm Dene ie me ae eek ee os * 20 75 2 50
Meamhead Cabbage sae jet ec leo. 15 50 1 50
Mintbeme are @assa nO) re eee 20 75 2 50
ee NS IE Meu MeN MS ye via Ik Aa ie 20 75 2 50

Improved Large Passion . AAACN CLG Mie A Sd, 20 75 2 50

MELON, MUSK or CANTE LOUPE.

Netted Nutmeg...... aN No eae tN tee RAR ania tt 10 35 1 00
EVR TEC GT OTIS Aol ae ale 10 35 1 00
Pine ye Davy! ae hi ene 1, Se eS ON PR ean 10 35 1 00
ELV ELGe eDOAM eee ok oe ey ge 15 40 1 25
Persiator Cassaba 76.6.0 RERUNS aa Ae 15 40 125
New Orleans Market (true)........... en a 1D 50 1 50
Ieuan Been OM iks) enon faa A lee th A 50 1 50 5 00

MELON, WATER.

&. ( Mountain Sweet...... ..... le Rk NUP tie sey 10 25 80

Oe | Mountain Sprout........... aA See a See auNy ate 10 25 80

eS j Ice Cream (White Seeded).......... .......0... 10 35 1 00

hed | Orange Pi RY GALES ANE HERS, Ree a ee NRC A RR A nS 15 50 1 50

$2) Dark Teing@ ... 22.0. LADD UOC E ION ROR aa 10 - 30 1 00

fae t Rattlesnake (true) - BP ae ag ee ct OR 10 30 1 00

156 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND: GARDEN MANUAL

VARIETIES. PRICES.
MELON, ee, Per onnee.| Per 3 lb. | Per ib.
ps) Cuban Queen) or)... Bi FN ee | eee iS %0 30 $1 00
E> bride of Georgiage: 2.22. TERN re Slits iat 15 30 1 00
ba, Mammoth Iron-Clad). Wc wea 10; -. 30 1 00
eee PRON Gene 6. FN eiae mcmew etsy eee Ait Ei eaTUN a 15 30 1 00
22 | Florida’s Favorite...... Ga are in AU noe 15 30 1 00
pee Oomilens, Prouniph wo) Me th ai yes 40 1 50 5 00
wi SSMU ONS re cee Se Nene a ticle Ht A EUS b 15 40 1 50
MUSTARD.
Maree Curied m0 bo 2 oue bs BY NO IANS Care Mae NON Sea 10 25 75
Chinese Large Leaved...... ..... act cre ae 10 25 75
WEhibe.on NeEllow Seeded {oe ai. ae eee 05 15 40
NASTURTIUMN.
DSS Y] een At eae gist 8 Las ace Maen se A apa, da ee Bite ainrae se 20 50 2 00
DD Welter eens Pei TR eer A Sy pa CER TI Wea Mt era 25 | 75 3 00
KERA.
atee mea WG Rowan tse Nan ee eo Se ae et 10 20 50
DwarkiGreemes U5) hee. DA pei ee ih US ey ae me 10 20 60
NWA Ee VCO Ge 0 a i SON Tah ANE weld Sete EGE Taw fu 10 DE 75
ONION.
Large Red Weithersfield........ Se alt AIRS ae Sa De 20 We 2 50
Wihhite or Silver Sikkim 3297008) Banas UNO REN TS cla ie aT BLUR inne UD 3. 50
ORC OUCHA Leatie CAs inte! oy SRST ee) a inc alia, ee PAS | 75 2 50
EFALIAN ONION. |
New Queen 6 1 ye . Pipes 25 | 75 2 50
erm Gav(uRme)e he. oe oes Ae Renae Be i 20 66 2 00
ONION SETS. Per quart | Per peck. |Per bushel
White agen. Ua SIRE Cure ROOD ON aE A AAI T 20 Market Price.
nedor Yellow..0 30.08 eevee iar UENCE ui Riana 20 i
SHALLOTS .... autre een OE aE KS fe
PARSLEY. Per onnee.| Per 4 Ib Per ib.
lain Wea Veda ey er pee an uoNTos oe ike eae af 10 25 15
Double Curled AI, me vra te MTEL Nate UM cus SMM 10 25 80
improved Garnishing 3 ye) AMC Hang Ue 15 35 sy)
PARSNIP.
ollowiCrowm) OMSUSaL jes MS Ripe wea ee 10 25 Rees 65)
PEAS. Per gnart.| Per peck. |Per bnshel
fxtra Harly, (First and Best) ......... UiyseaMien tense Vide a's 0) 7°45) $1 25 $5 00
PLAS ae ee EU St he ate aaiiul eM Uae Wes Sa a ed) 30 1 25 5 00
Tom Thumb ..... Mais Wienngea te punten i sieillan tse 25 195 5 00
Barly Washing tom, 232i 0 ys) iis EON s 20 1 00 4 00
Laxton’s Alpha. . pte Miner eae eB vera 725 1 50 6 00
Bishop’s Dwarf Long Pode sie at esa AR EAN! im 20 1 50 5 00
ChampionofEngland ... . ata LU eet = | 25 1 50 5 00
Carters Stratagene ie eee AN a mie = 40 2025 7 00
Carter’s Telephone _...... ees wo pa Spier Maes sl 40 225 7 00
Nclieam Se Advanicer Us ike ®, ees ea oe ot | 25 1% 6 00
MclLean’s LittleGem...... ..... Uae ee 25 1 50 5 00
Laxton’s Prolific Long Pod . AN ae 25 1 50 5 00
LE UCR ENON) ok gras Re ILC lait an haere Mec Bie Ie 3 25 1 50 6 00
Dwart Blue US an OX) E12 MANO cc alates aaa apse ace a! 20 1 59 5 00
ROVa LAD wari Marrow: | c)he ose nd a Roe bale < 20 1 00 3 50
Black Eved Marrowtati. 655°) °0W) car as 15 1 00 3 50
Large White Marrowfat...... Wee GY yal liad alk Sy} 20 1 00 3 50
Dwarf Sugar...... seine MN Meeuralody ye) BOre 2 00 8 00
Tall Sugar sie tue PE rac eae meres oe tee) aN a pea aes 30 2 00 8 00
Americim @vionder. ©. (a) ta eae 30 2 25 7 00
Mieldvon. Cow, Peass. Nee ico Mes Market Price. L
PEPPER. - |Per onnce | Per j lb. Per lb.
BewWiOL WU NOSe ih ER Nee gee Me Rees 2 30 1 00 3 00
Sweet Spanish Monstrous... 5) 20. sive ss .. seats 40 1 25 4 00
BongevRed Cayenne iki) ees OG a ese ciaie 30 1 00 3 00
A Ce (O RK CO AV) ot icti MAIN a aan aR ena ies Tirade TE 40 1 25 4 00

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES.

157

VARIETIES. PRICES.

BE Beene UT ENE, Per ounce. Per j Ib. | Per Ib,
Golden Dawn SoS nt Saas PN, Sia die da DISS Ag a $0 30 $1 00 $3 00
Bird ae SB ie BALA a OR hh EEE ot aa RR lle See Mat a 2 50 1 50
SVE SCO) ee UMA aI G A dais lt fye/ccs! OE A eae 50 1 50
Chili RE etter tee cents Won Hesail AR 50 1 50
1 uh] Get 9 Ba I a a go Re OATES MS Nr ah 50 1 25 4 00
Red /Chister..2 3.4 4. BR Rd ie NUL SNM Jo Uk gaat 50 1 50

-POTATOES. Per bushel] Per barrel.

Gx. GURUS S ETE), RAST a OeN o] ASPs sees a 2 EE »...{ B1 00 $2 50

~ Burbank Seedling LA Urs A a PN A kp MEAN eT 1 25 3 00

$8 Peerless, os 5.5.0: AWM RO in Aer ied stands Vay) 3 00

ain) Wehly Mose) (a)... ti. LESSORS aa PES Oe 1 50 3 00

aa WH xtra Barly Vermont “oil e s eee ee 1 50 3 00

2) Early Beauty of Hebron .............. eee 1 50 3.00

2 | White Elephant...... ..... We OP Ov eS niin 3 50

Sa VEL EARS EY SV Eo ak wos 3 Uae Benes aa SW 1 50 3 50

POTATOES, SWEET.

SETI a YASH TCE RARER SAD Ae ee? tn OR pm eee gee

Shanchar, or California Yam 23 0. .27 0° eee eT NS,
Prices vary according to market. Quotations
given on application.

PUMPKIN. Per

Kentucky Pield 0) /.o 200%. Meee NS SRN $0
AEE @MECSeL ef ewe Oe kal a $0
Cashaw Crook-Neck (¢ (g rreen str iped) southern grown
Golden Yellow Mammoth ... : a

RADISH.

Hachyewone Scapletya ro. 0 hos boy vet Ge 8 ol. Ee
LER aRS Gi el Key aed B12 110) Se ean a Oa Ne
Yellow Summer Turnip...........
Karly Scarlet Oe ered 43

White Summer Turnip . SN ds), ac
Scarlet Half Long IRB TG ae wih hk is
Scarlet Olive-Shaped, or French Pe caeaet ae
Black Spanish (WINTER) Pe ale
Chinese Rose. NEE: A ne ea
Chartier Hi ats AY a

mals she ve ebie smite ya
OC) Or OP SOON in On ry chile oh acl

ROQUETTE....... MOA En ie serea Ath! Vr Aig 8 whys

SAISEPW, American Ps ih aan dlde eee:
Sandwich Island (Mammoth)...

SOREBEL, (Broad-leaved

SPINACH.
Extra Large-leaved Savoy...... .............00.05.
Broad-leaved Flanders ..............

SQUASH.
arly Bush, or Patty LEGH ONES Wo Agee tie Eine Meant ete
Long Green, or Summer Crook-Neck
London Vegetable Marrow..:.....
The Hubbard

ehaleitpsrelia’ Tet Me nay PlA@ a? @rellis/tesle\lm ies 's) =) ele isis) ie cs
- se eee

vii wee el a ww eels
minate le i vimine) celle iw,
Ce i i ]

TOMATO. |
Kineotithe Marlies Aho. joc sc. os
Extra Early Dwarf Red...

Pari Pare OIMGOth HEM acc. fos) c sanlne) ela a den cs
Trophy, (selected) LOGE. DOE EOE O SRA it en ome

- Large Yellow. sch 7 atin, cs Rae BANE IROL ANA eacay MNSOPRrr ma hae aa ae

Acine a GRE ve irl in pee nN OE Se eS Re

quart.| Per peck.

25 $1 50
-onnee.| Per Z lh.
10 $0 20
10 25
15 50
10 20
10 20
10 25
10 20
10 20
10 20
10 20
10 25
15 35
is 3D
LO 30
10 30
15 75
20 60
25 75
15 50
10 20
10 20
10 25
10 25
1S 50
15 50
15 50
40 1 25
25 75
20 65
40 1 25
30 1 00

Per bushel

$5 00
Per |b.
$0 60

a OME OE NO a
—)
S

158 RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

VAAL EES: PRICES:
TOM AWO.—Conrinvuen. Per ounce.} Per 3 1b. | Per Ib.
APE TOM eae oy Eee ON EMAL DU Al ONL ie eee a Ot 30 25 $0 75 $2. 50
Livingston’ ByPertectiont. 0) Sagara Cae 25 75 2 50
Mivineston’s Favorites. 8 Ae ee 25 1 00 3 00
Livingston’s LBYer WT LB aMte haute eu wenn ueiah CaN ARMANI. BI 30 1 25 4 00
TURNIP.
Early Red or Purple Top (strap-leaved)............ 10 20 o0
Early White Flat Dutch Gere Mae yee) ete Ae eat hse 10 20 50
juarge (White Globe ess 458... e la Le dre 10 20 50
RW HIEG) Gish 6. a ne ha 10 20 50
Wellow Aberdeen yates ha os ee. 2 aE 10 20 50
Golden Ball ..... FOr aye ca ee Nea as 10 20 25; GO
Improved Purple Top Ruta Baga .. ............... 10 20 - 50
Manich Marly: Purple'Gop: = helo. ee as 10 20 60
Rutple hopiGiobe Wisk. slvn eks Wee manele 10 20 50
Walhtbe ume ee pero uuru tee eeaty BA See OHI ae ea 10 20 50
SWEET AND MEPICINAL HERBS. Per pack.
VNC CSO Oe Na cea Beek cte hinat le Aug auto ae c.s ad y ork $0 10
d Baw) c.¢ Ws a BON AR UTI Or Re sees! Og eb Gana A ra elm a Nl 2 10
BE HSiIN Bai es, ret ere oiler teeny 10
SOC eee ra tee Fat uae oper in Ue ati Nat ce ane nT gaa 10
MORASS ee sapere uy INE te et an Beeler ime on a jet aan eM 10
Caraway .. eas PENS SA Geet Oa PRR ee Brust EN US Ny UALRINA Lattin tai mreene S aw 10
v1 Ge a 10
i Fey aU 013) We an Ne: circa nae Py | ARN Ek eS 10
JES 7 SEK CE) nk Seles cep ears nee, Con au EA GR UE NT RS ores 10
Marjoram.. ah ARG Oe ape Meairn Give att oes 10
Pot Marigold . Se ISSR Aaa Ma nan oun St ots 10
Rosemary GNI Se aan Arise aed A BE Sts 10
ONS es 2 NE Ue a a ee ee eM aad ba UN CED Soe 10
RS EIS ITS es ON OM MRE ER ie OS EW SURO UR CaN ERO DR OO 10
Summer Savory Maoubiete Macca mie ram Once sm ate mig AC 10
LRU SA DEE a Pass atest A WARN MS DRA) SPAN RS eA Gre DUR. 10
SWOT OO GI te Meare hat aOR ad, st a Aire ern 10
GRASS AND FIELD SEEDS. Per ib. Per $ bu. Per bushel
Red Clover (Extra Cleaned ..... pe Renee SU AM Wis yoy eines si bred US et &6 00
Wiite, Duteh Cloverie seu oes SUT naL Ceae kcl 25 12 v0
NHK COLONEL Fie SMa ESE oi Ma elilina r Mlea a a ran 20 ae 10 00
Attala Or Erench, Mucerne. Oc. se ence ee ee 20 10 00
Lespedeza or Japan Clover................. be Sales 30 3 00 6 00
IBCEIMNUIC AN GASS IE Os ibe en) ata eres. Woah NR Oseae a 1 50
Kentucky Blue Grass. ‘(Extra eet BNA sts 15 1 50
Red Cop Grass 2.32.05 502. E Manon, 3 10 1 2d
English Rye Grass... SPE Ue ley Na aL ea eed eae 10 1 50
Rescue Grass .... .... A ac Pisaeh Ave ate Stes 32 25 3 00
Johnson Grass. (Extra Cleaned)................... 15 | 2 50
Mai Meadow: OBL Grasset ic. hoy ec oes 20 2 25
Meadow Wescue: Grasse gin ae len ee oan 20 2 50
Orchara Grass | se ce OPE RMA SNL ti Hatch 20 1 75
AE UNO TAIN eye ames eo a lsc aikest MRD ae taht arty. Sh et ie ea 10 2 50
Hungarian -Grass..... SRSA Rasicees treed aN ta Mee aa a
German, Miaildet mo. yh aie ty Wa os Pe BOR Reape |
EA eR creed itr Repay eens aa as aS Parte elk 2 aiele ae aaa Market Price.
1072116) (ent ate eed Det Aa ee ce a a PRE Getto uate oe Seen aan |
Red or Rust Proof Oats. .... Beant sc Avene Denso |
SOOM esis soe oe ee alere 1 ee e ae ae NE eg Ae 10 2 50
BT OOnt COLMA ts: iin wes bok Uy dh an chal Gane ee ace 10 2 50
Dhouro or Egyptian G0) 6 ARE PRO Ra MEAT NARS Sh bool 10
buckwheat.) 2 ois San AD ae Ay RRR eae Wide daa. i8 10 2 00
Russian Sunflower. . RE NARs NN eem S 10
Winter Vetch, (Vicia Sativa) a pees Arey MWR ene teerad 10 4 00
Burr or California Clover ......... (measured) per quart, 10c.; per bushel, $2.50,

N. B.—Prices for larger quantities given on application,

for this latitude.

FOR THE SOUTHERN STATES. 159

CSR INIDNIA!

Scone

The following extracts are taken from afew of the many complimentary letters

received during the ensuing year.
dealings with my house yet, that

This is to convince the public, who have had no

FROTSCHER’S SEEDS ARE THE BEST FOR THE SOUTH,
and have always given the utmost satisfaction.

_It is a gratification for me to receive letters from my patrons, expressing their
satisfaction, as it is my constant endeavor to please them.

MISSISSIPPI, January 19, 1889.

I have had some fifteen years ex-
perience in gardening, and in that time
I have never planted any seed which has
given me as much satisfaction as the
seed I got from you. B. H. WADE.

Mississippi, December, 9, 1889.
Having used your garden seeds in my
market garden here, almost exclusively
for the past four years, I deem it my
duty to bear testimony to thei: always
being true to name, fresh, sound and
reliable, and recommend them for use
of Market Gardeners of the south. I
consider your Almanae and Catalogue
of as much value to Truck Growers as
any work on Gardening for the South

not excepting O-— of Savannah, Ga.
F. A. WOLFE.

Texas, February 18, 1889.

Your seeds have always given satis- |

faction. THOS. McCANAHAN,

Louisiana, February 9, 1889.

I have planted your seeds for several
years, and have always found them to
be what they were claimed for.

R. R. HOGAN.

Lovistana, February 13, 1889.
I succeeded splendidly with your seeds
last Spring.
CAPT. G. C. MARSHALL.

FLoripa, January 28, 1889.
Tam a friend of your seeds, and have
always recommended them as being best
J. E. BORENS.

LovistaNna, January 18, 1889.
- The Peas that I got from you last fall
are growing finely ; am well pleased with
them. Miss L. LOTSPEICH.

Lovisiana, January 27, 1889.
[have been using your seeds for several
years, and have always succeeded very
well with them.
Mrs. CORNELIA LEVERT.

Mississippi, January 24, 1889.
The Boston Peerless Podtatoes that I
got from you did very well, considering
the late and dry season. From three
bbls. planted Ishipped seventy-six bbls.,
and kept 22 bushels for home use.
J.O. HAMMETT.

Mississiprt, January 29, 1889.

I have been using your seeds for the
last sixteen years, and have always been
satisfied with the results.

L. G. MANUEL.

MissIssIppi, January 19, 1889.
I have found your seeds to be excellent .
and reliable,
Mrs. H. R. C. BENWELL.

GEORGIA, January 22, 1889.
Iam so well pleased with my trade
with you, that I give you full discretion
as to varieties and quantities.
T. B. BROOKS.

Louisiana, February 4, 1889.
I have always found your seeds the
most reliable.
Mrs. C. G. BEAUMONT.

’ Lovistana, February 26, 1889.
The seeds which I get from you have
always proven more satisfactory than
those obtained from any other source.
Ded. BORD:

Louisiana, May 16, 1889.
I have never failed making a crop with
your seeds, C. R. CHEVAL,

160

Mississippi, December 14, 1889.
Have been using your seeds for the
~ past three years, and have always found
them to be as represented.

JAKE WESLEY.

Louisiana, December 17, 1889.
Notwithstanding the extra ordinary
drouth, the Frotscher’s Superior Flat
Dutch and German Brunswick Cabbage
have done splendidly, all well headed at

present. F. F. STEPHENS.

Texas, August 10, 1889.
All seeds that I have had from you
have given entire satisfaction.
CG. T. WESCOTT.

Mississippi, October 15, 1889.

I have been using your seeds for the
past six years, and havealways met with
success. The Purple Top Turnip did
exceptionally well this season.

LEOPOLD DORN.

Froripa, August 1, 1889.
We were very much pleased with the
flower seeds which we got from you last
fall. TROY & JACKSON.
Lovistana, August 2, 1889.
The seeds I received from you this
spring came up beautifully. I raised as
fine Cucumbers, Squash, Tomatoes and
Bush Beans as any in town.
EDWIN H. LEET.
LovistaNa, September 10, 1889.
The seeds which I have bought from
you, have invariably proven satisfactory.
CoSHIGAW:

Lovistana, September 26, 1889.
While working on the Star Plantation,
T had my seeds from you and they have
always given satisfaction.
L. PERRIN.

ARKANSAS, August 12, 1889.
The Cabbage seed you sent me in the
spring, the Early Summer and other
varieties were just splendid; they all
headed beautifully.
Mrs. M, EK. DICKSON,

RICHARD FROTSCHER’S ALMANAC AND GARDEN MANUAL

Fioripa, August 5, 1889.
The Creole Onion seed bought of you
last fall gave entire satisfaction, they
made large fine bulbs.
D. T. KENNERLY.

Louisiana, August 19, 1889.
Of the seeds I got from you last spring,
I do not believe that one refused to come
up out of the ground, and a nicer lot of
vegetables I never saw.
Mrs. M. J. COLEMAN.

MISSISSIPPI, September 2, 1889.
Last spring I got some seeds of the
Seminole Water Melon from you; I must
say that I found it to be an exceedingly
fine melon, a very good bearer, of iurge
size, thin rind, flesh crisp, very solid and
sweet. I think it is one of the best

melons for private garden.
C. FORKERT.

TeExas, October 6, 1889.
The seeds bought of you for my spring
and summer garden, gave the greatest
satisfaction. JAMES GREEN.

ALABAMA, September 12, 1889.
Have always found your seeds the
most reliable and true to name.
J.C. WILSON.

GeEorGIA, July 25, 1889.
Your seeds have given better satisfac-
tion than any I have heretofore planted.
T. C. YOUNG.

ALABAMA, May 6, 1889. .

Frotscher’s Superior Large Late Flat

Dutch Cabbage seed which I got last

summer, did splendidly; very large and

well headed, they averaged from 10 to
18 lbs. W. B. SIMMONS.

Fuioripa, June 13, 1889.

I have the finest lot of Tomatoes, Egg-
plants, Melons and other vegetables
from your seeds. I must say, thatI have
never had such success in gardening
before, until I commenced using your
seeds, J. B. FRIESSE.

3 Bao RTeT 07 me caeee i>, my meee, 3
ee eet a gt aes So #8 Bs

PAGE
RIMAGE a ets. oe. 7 to 18
eNO i | 2) 017 A ae 145
TEL GLN OVS) R00 A ava gn a 23
SID GTNE TIS A an as a 23
fpemulenteede 28). 2. ise cae atest: 141
Bets e(EMSH)! Jw. dace scene. 5 6 24
PSC OTIGMA(E MULES 4 cian tee GA. vee cs 1 ses 24

Beans, (Dwarf, Snap or Bush,) 24 to 27
Beans, (Pole or Running,)..... 27 to 30
means, Bmelhsh® yc... . 30
Beets ..

Ba es ee 30 to 32 |

IDO BN DONS OTTO TOOT I I OTTO TOD NN DO TOD TONS TON OOD NN a

LEVI? So ye(e' 5 Ik ae a Paeliod
Borecole or Kale Me, ae eR: 32
ESTOS SIC ANE Sa SAE se ee er 32
EMUSEEISUSPTOWUS, secs oe ba we ae ve 33
Talons, Roose... <6... 121 to 125 |
BDA ele ie cole See: 33.fo 3” |
Waulitiowen a0 5. see i 0: 37 to 39 |
OFTEN) Tren 2c s-els a pa oa s 39 and 40
WeleEYy 2 Se eth en ed a4 41 and 42
UCI TU ae ties Od ge aren 42
Clapp’s Favorite Pear... .2.2:...-.. 142
Climbing Plants: +.,..29 0%.) 118 to 121
CORON ET ISP 0 SU aera at eA i . 42
(OUST 606 a ee ae Pe ei
Worn Ineian’ 2. soo) 2s ...42 to 46
Corn and Seed Planter............. 126
OCS oe CE > Sa ie 46
ROICAUT CT Aes cee cul. 46 to 49
Directions for Planting ....... 95 to 100
Duchess D’Angouleme Pear .. ..... 141
BAD IAM media wet eda hods oct * 49 and 50
adive? 2.0 0. Yop A ay ain le aR Hoe oO)
Fig, Celeste or Celestial............ 147

‘© New White Adriatic ........... 147
lower Seeds: se .ek he. 101 to 117
Garden Implements .. .... 127 and 128
Garlies Fu. - Sch ao epee ey OO
Grape Vines .. ...... y hess, 145
Grass and Field Seeds......... 83 to 94
Herb Seeds i Ee Oo
cEUGTe 1 VE 1 a mn ane 20.
RIC Gel Weer Ha a a one 142 |

Japan Lilies

JaptMePersmamon ~ 6... . kg ks 146 |
OHETSOMN CAT oon ke ce ne 142
Jernsalem Artichoke....... ....... 136
LEGUERCS (OIG Tie S agit ne a 137
Kelsey's Japan Plum. .....7.2....: 144 |
Kieffer’s Hybrid Pear. °.... .140 |
LCULD SV SE Se a 51
wres@onte: Peat ok ak. 139 |

eifalin tote 16 «fee ene

PAGE. ‘
| Oy She} Nicci earl A MEAL 4 SMI oe oe Sc ol >
Letter on ‘‘Alfalfa”...... 0... 134 to 136
Leh) (os ae ale i Aire Beato 51 to 53
Marianna Plum 143

Matthews’ Hand Cultivator. ... ...126
Melon, Musk

53 and 54

eye. (a) (® (al) bile) 8] al alie id! ioe

Melon, Water ..... ON SES: 54 to 58
Minstardes i oa is pong aise fe, ee 58
Nasturtium >... ... Socal ech Lee ere
New York Seed Drill.......... shat
Novelties .... A vettn te aoe 149 to 152
Ogan and Botan Plums ............ 144
Otel sean eer Rah We aoa ee ae 59
OOM a Se ae coe Ness . 60 and 61

ATSIOVE Ea, Bae een ks Ve OL And bg
ASNT. 5 is oe a ey ee Agr oe
Peach Trees 145

Cee er er eT

Peen-To or Flat Peach of China |... .145
TEER oe ree sta iw 62 to 65
Pecans, Lonisiana Soft Shell... ..... 148

TERS} 91) 9 eemcete 8 eaupmere a ae er Are 65 io 67
Pomegranate, ‘Spanish Ruby”... ..147
BOtAGOCS 5 IGS orp sation 6 ug on os ONS 67 to 70
APMP KUING ae 24S se eG. ene OR soHel.

Price-List, Planters and Gardeners’
153 to 159
Price-List Garden Implements 129 to 134
RR AGIS I og 55 2 Ro. oes, aoe ons 72 and 73
Remarks on Raising Vegetables for
Shipving .. 5 and 6

A OOD tem iC LD Ono

Nvoqiretien. = aco ue tgs o> ose ee eee 73
Salsifver on ase tenets ee 73 and 74
Satsnma or Blood Plum... ........ 144
Seeda ty Maal. tek are doen Saal hae 4
Shailotse. .. 2 s.a. SS Ce ren RL er 61

Sorghuin 2°27). g 3 ss pee heO tobe
SOG oe aa ae 74
Sa@wime Seeds” oc. 0 cick dpe eee ken 21
Spach... 2: 74
SOMA Ie Smo Shee:
Sucker State Strawberry... .147 and 148
Teosinte eee ne eo
Mestamoanials, 2... 152, 159 and 160

TobAECO.SECRy : )- js stu sa ees 83
Mompte eas % 2). ease cetaate oe 75 to 79
Trees, how to plant, ete . Seite
uni Pure eco aal a. jecw anes 79 to 82
Table showing Quantity of Seed re-
quiredytowthe Acre > 4222) ene. 22
Veeetable Garden 22). . 2 j--.teae 19
Wild Goose Pham’, )9.(6. )3.S250 78: 142

—— Ya OE lee ee

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Full text of "Richard Frotscher's almanac and garden manual for the southern states : 1890"

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