4RLF
SB 30T 010
THE
ROSE AMATEUR'S GUIDE :
CONTAINING AMPLE INSCRIPTIONS
ALL THE FINE LEADING VARIETIES OF
ROSES,
REGULARLY CLASSED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FAMILIES ;
THEIR HISTORY, AND MODE OF CULTURE.
BY T. 1UVERS, JUN.
CORRECTED AND IMPROVED.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR,
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS,
PATERNOSTER- ROW.
1843.
a...
LONDON :
Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODE,
New-Street- Square.
PKEFACE
THIRD EDITION.
THE public Having so highly favoured me as to
call for a Third Edition of this little work, I have
endeavoured to show my gratitude by giving the
result of long experience in the propagation of
this now very popular flower. I am induced to
flatter myself that the directions given in the
following pages for propagation and for the culti-
vation of roses in pots will be found both inter-
esting and profitable to the amateur ; in the former
I trust those given will be found sufficiently plain :
but I must observe that a practical cultivator here
finds some difficulty ; he, almost obstinately, sup-
poses that every one must know something
relative to those, with him, e very-day operations ;
he is apt therefore not to go sufficiently into
detail. I have, in writing on propagation, combatted
this feeling; and humbly hope that what I have
said will be found sufficiently explicit by an
indulgent public.
Sawbridge worth,
Nov. 8, 1843.
A 2
667889
PREFACE
SECOND EDITION.
IN giving a Second Edition of this little work
to the public, I have to again beg indulgence, for
I fear that more than I have been able to perform
will be expected. Still I am induced to hope that
my hints and instructions for raising roses from
seed, most certainly original, will meet with the
approbation of rose amateurs. And when I ad-
duce as a fact, that some very pretty hybrid
China Roses were raised from seed in York-
shire, from a blush tea-scented rose, trained up
the rafters of an old greenhouse, and fertilised
with various hardy roses, it will certainly encou-
rage those who live further south to hope for suc-
cess without the aid of glass.
The fear of being tedious, and the little know-
ledge I yet possess of the habits and flowers of many
A 3
VI PREFACE.
of the new roses, has induced me not to attempt
a description of all of them ; for till they have
bloomed in the open ground, and under different
circumstances, at least two seasons, a proper esti-
mate cannot be formed of their qualities. As the
leading characters of those are given in the cata-
logue published annually in the autumn, which
will always be sent by post on a paid application,
I flatter myself this seeming omission will be
excused. Instructions for budding, grafting,
and other modes of propagating roses are given in
every gardening book; I have not, therefore,
thought it worth while to endeavour to impart
any of my knowledge in those matters. But my
principal motive for omitting this branch of rose
culture is the impossibility of conveying by words
any tangible idea of the nicer modes of practice :
it is very easy to show how to insert a bud, or put
on a graft, but almost impossible to tell it.
Roses may be struck from cuttings, and budded
and grafted from March to September if the buds,
grafts, and stocks are in a proper state. It is only
incessant practice that can give this knowledge, as
almost every family, and even different varieties
of the same family, require peculiar treatment.
A small volume might be written on this subject.
Perhaps when the hoar frost of age has powdered
PREFACE. VU
me more plentifully than at present, and when
the cultivation of this favourite flower is followed
more for my pleasure than my business, I may
possibly again attempt to make a little book about
roses.
Sawbridgeworth,
April, 1840.
INTRODUCTION.
So many rose amateurs have complained that it
is extremely difficult to select, from the multi-
plicity of roses now under cultivation, such va-
rieties as are distinct and adapted for particular
situations, though accurately enough described in
a catalogue, I have presumed some practical ob-
servations might be acceptable. I have also long
felt the conviction, that a mere enumeration of
the form and colour of the flower is not enough,
particularly for the amateur with a small garden ;
for he, of course, wishes to select a, few varieties,
and those well adapted to the situation they are
to occupy. As a guide, then, to the lovers of
roses, this little treatise has been written in the
few leisure moments allowed me by the unceasing
cares of a general nursery business. I give the
result of twenty years' experience, gained by the
culture of choice roses on a much larger scale
than any where in Europe. I say this advisedly,
as from ten to twelve acres are here devoted to the
cultivation of select named varieties. In noticing
and describing the different roses in the following
X INTRODUCTION.
pages, though a cultivator of them for sale, I have
endeavoured to lay aside all business prejudices,
and only to view them as an admiring amateur.
Varieties inserted in the catalogue, and not no-
ticed here, are, in many cases, equally beautiful
with those that are; but in these instances
they perhaps much resemble them, or at least
have no particular distinguishing traits. It may
be asked, Why, then, are so many varieties enu-
merated in the catalogue, if so few comparatively
can be recommended ? To this I reply, that some
roses resemble each other in the form and colour
of their flowers, yet differ much in the cha-
racter of their leaves, branches, and general
habit. Some will also often bloom out of cha-
racter, and imperfectly, one or two seasons con-
secutively, while others of the same colour and of
the same family are blooming well ; and then,
perhaps, for a like period, the former will have
their bright seasons of perfection, while the latter
receive some blighting check ; so that it is almost
necessary to have plants of different natures bear-
ing flowers alike. I may also mention, that in
moist showery weather, the flowers of some of
the extremely double roses cannot open, but those
of others less double, but like them in colour,
will open freely, and bloom in great perfection.
INTRODUCTION. xi
These little facts are well known to the expe-
rienced cultivator.
Some new roses inserted in the catalogue have
only bloomed here one season, and perhaps not
quite in perfection, so that an accurate descrip-
tion could not be given of them : many of these
are most undoubtedly fine varieties. In classing
the roses in the following pages, and in the cata-
logue, I have retained those that are but slightly
hybridised in that division to which they have
the nearest affinity; for instance, if a rose between
the French and Provence roses has more of the
characters of the former than of the latter, it is
retained with the French roses, as it will group
well with them, though not a pure French rose :
this helps to avoid those numerous subdivisions
with which most of the French catalogues are
burdened, as they only tend to confuse the young
amateur. In the descriptions, the colour of the
flower is not always given, as the catalogue, of
which this guide is only a companion, generally
gives that correctly.
In forming a collection of roses from the
French gardeners, great difficulty is often expe-
rienced by their incorrectness in the names of
their plants: this inattention, to call it by no
worse name, has long been the bane of com-
Xll INTRODUCTION.
mercial gardening. In this country almost every
nurseryman is now aware of the great respon-
sibility he is under as to correct nomenclature ;
but in France they manage these matters differ-
ently, certainly not "better;" for if a Parisian
cultivator raises a good rose from seed, and gives
it a popular name, a provincial florist will imme-
diately give some one of his seedlings, perhaps
a very inferior rose, the same, so that there
are often two or three roses bearing the same
name ; and if the original, or most superior va-
riety, is ordered, ten to one if you get it, as the
French florist generally gives you that which is
most convenient for him to send, quite regardless
of what you wish for. This is carried to an
extreme, of which only those well and intimately
acquainted with roses can form a just idea.
I have now only to beg the indulgence of my
readers. A man of business must be deficient in
the many requisites of correct composition. I have
endeavoured to be plain and explicit ; and cannot
help flattering myself, that the instructions con-
veyed in these insignificant pages may be the
means of restoring many unfortunate neglected
roses to health and vigour.
Sawbridgeworth, Herts,
Nov. 20. 1837.
CONTENTS,
PART I.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Page
THE PROVENCE, OR CABBAGE, ROSE - 1
THE Moss ROSE - 8
THE FRENCH ROSE - - 21
HYBRID PROVENCE ROSES - 34?
HYBRID CHINA ROSES - 39
THE WHITE ROSE - - 59
THE DAMASK ROSE - - 62
THE SCOTCH ROSE - 67
THE SWEET BRIAR - 70
THE AUSTRIAN BRIAR - 73
THE DOUBLE YELLOW ROSE - - 77
CLIMBING ROSES. (The Ayrshire Rose) - 80
(Rosa Multiflora) - - 83
(The Evergreen Rose) - 86
(The Boursault Rose) - 91
(The Banksian Rose) - 93
(Hybrid Climbing Roses) - 95
TREATMENT OF THE SEED, SOWING, &c. - 99
PROPAGATION OF SUMMER ROSES - - 105
PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS - 106
PROPAGATION BY BUDDING - 108
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING - - 111
PLANTING - - - - - 115
XIV CONTENTS.
PART II.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Page
PERPETUAL ROSES - 116
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES - - 129
THE BOURBON ROSE - 134
THE CHINA ROSE - - 144
THE TEA-SCENTED CHINA ROSE - 152
THE MINIATURE ROSE - 162
THE NOISETTE ROSE - 164
THE MUSK ROSE - 174
THE MACARTNEY ROSE - 177
ROSA MICROPHYLLA - 180
PROPAGATION OF AUTUMNAL ROSES - 182
BUDDING ROSES IN POTS - - 184
DIRECTIONS FOR FORCING ROSES - - 185
CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS FOR THE
GREENHOUSE - - 190
CULTURE OF HARDY ROSES IN POTS FOR
EXHIBITION ... 192
PLANTING - - 198
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES - - 200
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES - - 204
THE
SUMMER ROSE
THE PROVENCE, OR CABBAGE,
ROSE.
(ROSA CENTIFOLIA.)
THIS rose has long and deservedly been the
favourite ornament of English gardens; and if,
as seems very probable, it was the hundred-leaved
rose of Pliny, and the favourite flower of the
Eomans, contributing in no small degree to the
luxurious enjoyments of that great people, it
claims attention as much for its high antiquity,
as for its intrinsic beauty. 1596 is given by
botanists as the date of its introduction to our
gardens. That "prince of gardeners," Miller,
says that it is the prettiest of all roses ; and this
idea still prevails to a great extent in the agricul-
tural districts of England, where, in the farm and
cottage gardens, the Cabbage Rose and the Double
Wall-Flower are the most esteemed inmates ; form-
ing in their turns, with a sprig of rosemary, the
' 2-
2 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
Sunday bouquet of the respectable farm-servant
and cottager.
The groves of Mount Caucasus are said to be
its native places of growth, and also Languedoc
and Provence; but the claims of these latter have
ib$eu, disputed^ I lately wrote to a very old rose
amateur in^Frarice for information on this point.
> J3e iiifo^m^li^ that, the species with single flowers
'is found in a wild state in the southern provinces;
it is therefore very probable that it was called the
Provence Rose from growing more abundantly in
that province : it has now, however, quite a dif-
ferent name in France, for it is called the " Rose
a Cent Feuilles/ from the botanical name, Rosa
centifolia, or Hundred-leaved Rose. I must here
confess that, when I was a young rose-fancier,
this name often misled me, as I was very apt to
think that it referred to the Scotch and other
small and thickly-leaved roses, not for a moment
supposing that the term was applied to the petals
or flower-leaves.
Hybrid roses, between this and Rosa gallica,
are called Provence Roses by the French amateurs
of the present day. Our Provence, or Cabbage,
Rose is exceedingly varied in the form and dis-
position of its petals : the first in the catalogue,
Anemoniflora, has those in the centre of the flower
imperfect and partially fimbriated, giving it some-
thing the appearance of a semi-double anemone ;
whence its name.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 3
The Celery-leaved Rose, or Rosa apiifolia, is
also a curious rose, unlike any other : its leaves
are, perhaps, as much like imperfectly curled
parsley as celery. The curled Provence is as
beautiful as curious, having fine globular-shaped
flowers, with petals waved in a very peculiar
manner. Dianthseflora, or the Pink-flowered
Rose, is a curious variety, with imperfect lacini-
ated petals, unlike any other rose, and something
like a pink. Duchesne is a Provence Rose, a
little hybridised, with very large, finely-shaped,
and double flowers. Due d'Angouleme also
slightly departs from the habits of the true Pro-
vence Rose: this is a finely-shaped rose, of a
vivid rose-colour. The Dutch, or Large Pro-
vence, is exactly like the Old Cabbage Rose, and
equally fragrant, but very much larger : this is a
fine rose for forcing, but with fewer petals than
some other varieties. Grande Agathe, also known
as the Lacken Provence, is indeed a grand rose,
remarkably double, and finely formed. Its flowers
are of the palest flesh-colour : like some others of
the true Provence Roses, its clusters of bloom
are too heavy and pendulous to be seen with effect
on dwarf plants. Illustre Beaute, or Celestine,
is a hybrid Provence, with flowers extremely
double, and not quite so globular as those of the
true Provence Roses ; but a most beautiful rose,
and a very abundant bloomer. The King of
Holland is a very old variety, with immense glo-
B 2
4 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
bular flowers, and curious sepals ; so that the
flower-bud seems surrounded with leaves. The
Monstrous Provence, Cabbage-leaved, or Centi-
folia bullata, has that large and curious inflated
foliage, which we have no expressive name for,
but which the French call " bullee : " it is a vi-
gorous-growing plant, with flowers like the Old
Provence. La Reine de Provence really deserves
to be the queen of this division. Its large and
finely-shaped globular flowers have a good effect
when suspended from a standard : these are of a
pale lilac rose-colour, distinct and beautiful. The
Scarlet Provence is an old variety, one of those
misnomers that in flowers so often lead to disap-
pointment: it was probably the first Provence
Rose that made an approach to scarlet ; but the
faint carmine of its flowers is very far removed
from that rare colour among roses. The Spotted
is a hybrid Provence of great beauty, with large
globular flowers of the deepest rose-colour, deli-
cately spotted. This fine rose has large leaves,
and makes upright shoots of great luxuriance and
vigour. The Striped Provence is a delicate
variety, with flowers of a pale flesh-colour, often
striped with red. This rose has smooth glaucous
green shoots, and leaves much resembling the
Striped Moss, and the Old White Moss.
The Unique Provence is a genuine English
rose, which, I believe, was found by Mr. Grim-
wood, then of the Kensington Nursery, in some
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 5
cottage-garden, growing among plants of the
common Cabbage Rose. This variety was at
first much esteemed, and plants of it were sold at
very high prices. Most probably this was not a
seedling from the Old Cabbage Kose, as that is
too double to bear seed in this country, but what
is called by florists a sporting* branch or sucker.
In describing this and the next division I shall
have occasion to notice more of these spontaneous
deviations. The Striped Unique is one ; for this
was not raised from seed, but, a flowering branch
of the Unique having produced striped flowers,
plants were budded from it, and the variety was
" fixed," as the French florists term it. However,
this is certainly not fixed ; for it is a most incon-
stant rose, in some soils producing flowers beau-
tifully striped, in others entirely red, and in the
soil of this nursery most frequently pure white.
In Sussex, where, this season (1837), it has
bloomed finely in its variegated character, it has
been honoured with a new name, and is now
known as "the Maid of the Valley." The Wel-
lington Provence is one of the largest of this
division, something like Grand Bercam in the
colour of its flowers, which are of a beautiful
* A term used to denote any portion of a plant departing
from the character the entire plant should sustain. Thus, one
stem of a carnation will often produce plain-coloured flowers,
while the remainder of the plant has striped flowers : it is then
said " to sport. "
B 3
6 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
deep rose, very double, but not quite so much so
as those of the Dutch Provence. This forms a
splendid standard. Wilberforce is a new variety,
and very splendid. This and La Simplicite are
slightly hybridised with some dark variety of
Kosa gallica, which has greatly added to their
beauty, as they both produce flowers approaching
to dark crimson, a rare colour among Provence
Roses.
Since the publication of the first edition but
few additions have been made to this family. In
Appendix, List No. 2. I have given the names of
a few new varieties, among which the Superb
Striped Unique may be mentioned, as being very
beautiful and constant in its variegation ; it is of
less vigorous growth than the common Striped
Unique, its leaves are nearly round and deeply
serrated: this is not the variety mentioned as
being grown in Sussex, but a French variety,
which was found among others, and propagated
on account of its distinct character ; the same rose
appears to have bloomed at Grimstone Park,
Yorkshire, in great perfection. !
There are but two ways in which Provence
Roses can be employed as ornaments to the
flower-garden, — as standards for the lawn, and
as dwarfs for beds. Standards of some of the
varieties, if grown on a strong clayey soil, form
fine objects of ornament, as their large globular
flowers are so gracefully pendent. In this de-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 7
scription of soil also, if grown as dwarfs, they
will not flourish unless they are worked on the
Dog Eose; but in light sandy soils it will be
advisable to cultivate them on their own roots.
The freedom with which they grow in the light
sandy soils of Surrey points out this method of
culture on such soils as the most eligible. In
pruning, they require a free use of the knife :
every shoot should be shortened to three or four
buds. If not pruned in this severe manner, the
plants soon become straggling and unsightly. In
poor soils, they should have annually, in Novem-
ber, a dressing of rotten manure on the surface of
the bed, to be washed in by the rains of winter.
To raise Provence Eoses from seed, for which
more full directions are given when treating
of Moss Eoses in p. 20., the Wellington should
be planted with, and fertilised by, the single
Crimson Moss, and Le Grand Bercam with the
Luxembourg Moss ; if seed can be procured from
either of these varieties, thus fertilised, some fine
crimson, and, what is also very desirable, pure
Provence Eoses may be raised. As the characters
of the true Provence Eose are so desirable, the
object ought to be to endeavour to obtain deep
crimson varieties, with all the pleasing qualities
and perfume of the original. Wilberforce planted
with the single Crimson Moss might possibly pro-
duce seed ; but this variety is a hybrid, and, like
many other hybrid roses, it does not bear seed so
B 4
8 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
freely as those that are pure: but I shall have
occasion to notice many exceptions to this, in
giving instructions for raising new roses from
seed: these instructions and hints, with the
names of the best seed-bearing roses, will be
given at the end of each article, and they will,
I hope, form a valuable addition to this work.
THE MOSS ROSE.
(EOSA CENTIFOLIA MUSCOSA.)
The Moss Eose, or Mossy Provence Eose, is
most probably an accidental sport or seminal
variety of the common Provence Eose, as the Old
Double Moss Eose, which was introduced to this
country from Holland in 1596, is the only one
mentioned by our early writers on gardening. If
it had any claims to be ranked as a botanical spe-
cies*, the single-flowering Moss Eose would have
been the first known and described; but the
Single Moss, as compared with the Double, is a
new variety. Some few years since a traveller
in Portugal mentioned that the Moss Eose grew
* Miller says, with a most remarkable simplicity, that he
thinks it must be a distinct species, as it is so much more difficult
of propagation than the common Provence Rose.
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
wild in the neighbourhood of Cintra ; but, most
likely, the plants were stragglers from some
garden, as I have never seen this assertion pro-
perly authenticated. The origin of the Double
Moss Eose, like that of the Old Double Yellow
Eose (Eosa sulphurea) is therefore left to conjec-
ture ; for gardeners in those days did not publish
to the world the result of their operations and
discoveries. As regards the Moss Eose I regret
this; for it would be very interesting to know
how and where this general favourite originated.
Probably, when first noticed, gardening was of
such small consideration, that the discovery of a
rose, however remarkable, would not be thought
worth registering. That it is merely an accidental
sport of the common Provence Eose is strength-
ened by the fact, that plants produced by the
seed of the Moss Rose do not always show moss :
perhaps not more than two plants out of three will
be mossy, as I have often proved. Those that
are not so are most evidently pure Provence Eoses,
possessing all their characters. To show, also, the
singular propensity of the varieties of Eosa centi-
folia to vary, I may here mention that the common
Moss Eose often produces shoots entirely destitute
of moss. In the summer of 1836 I also observed
a luxuriant branch of the Crimson, or Damask,
which is generally more mossy than the Old Moss
Eose, having a remarkable appearance. On ex-
amination I found it nearly smooth. The next
10 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
season it had entirely lost its moss, and had pro-
duced semi-double flowers, the exact resemblance
of the Scarlet Provence. The White Moss is
another instance of this singular quality, for that
originated from a sporting branch; the Mossy
de Meaux is also a curious deviation, the history
of which will be given in the descriptive enume-
ration following ; the Crested Moss, or Provence,
is another case in point. It seems, therefore, very
feasible that the Provence Rose, from being cul-
tivated in Italy through so many ages, produced
from seed, or more probably from a sporting
branch, the Double Moss Hose, that is, a double
Cabbage or Provence Eose, covered with that
glandular excrescence which we term moss ; this
branch or plant was propagated, and the variety
handed down to us, perhaps, as much admired
in the present day as when first discovered. These
Eoses always have been, and I hope always will
be, favourites : for what can be more elegant than
the bud of the Moss Eose, with its pure rose-
colour, peeping through that beautiful and unique
envelope ?
The first in the catalogue is the Asepala, or
Eosa muscosa asepala ; a new variety, something
like the Provence Dianthseflora, curious, sometimes
very pretty. The Blush Moss is a most beautiful
variety of the colour of that well-known rose, the
Celestial, — so exactly intermediate between the
White Moss and the common, that it is quite ne-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 11
cessary in a collection. The Crimson or Damask
Moss, sometimes called the Tinwell Moss, was
originated in the garden of a clergyman at Tinwell
in Rutlandshire ; from thence sent to Mr. Lee of
Hammersmith. As it was one of the first deep-
coloured Moss Roses, it was much esteemed, and
plants of it were sold at a high price. This is a
more luxuriant grower than the Old Moss; its
branches, leaves, and buds are also more mossy. It
is an excellent rose for beds ; for, if its shoots are
pegged to the ground with small hooks, the sur-
face is soon covered with its luxuriant foliage and
flowers. For this purpose it is better on its own
roots, as worked plants so treated would throw up
too many suckers. The French Crimson Moss is
deeper in colour, and much more double than the
preceding, not such a luxuriant grower, but one
of the best Moss Roses we have. The Crested
Moss, Crested Provence, or Rosa crestata, for it is
known by these three names, is said to have been
discovered growing from the crevice of a wall at
Friburg in Switzerland. No rose can be more
singular and beautiful than this. The buds, be-
fore expansion, are so clasped by its fringed sepals,
that they present a most unique and elegant ap-
pearance, totally unlike any other rose. When
the flower is fully expanded, this peculiar beauty
vanishes, and it has merely the appearance of a
superior variety of the Provence Rose. It should
here be mentioned, that, if grown in a poor soi!3
12 THE SUMMEK ROSE GARDEN.
its buds often lose their crest, and come plain, like
the Provence Rose. As a standard, this rose is
very graceful, its large flowers and buds drooping
from their weight. Mousseuse de Veillard has not
yet Uoomed here in perfection. In colour it does
not differ from the common moss; but it seems
more dwarf and delicate in its habit, and more
abundantly mossed. E'clatante is a Moss Rose,
quite worthy of notice ; for it is so vigorous in its
growth, that it soon forms a fine tree : its colour
is also remarkably bright.
Moussue Partout is indeed all over moss ; for
its leaves, branches, and buds are thickly covered.
The flowers of this singular variety are much like
the common Moss Rose. The Miniature Moss is
one which I originated from seed in my endeavours
to raise a superior dark variety from the Single
Moss Rose. Its flowers are small, of a bright
pink, and pretty, though only semi-double. The
Prolific Moss is not the Prolifere of the French,
but a dwarf variety of the common Moss, and a
most abundant bloomer. This is known by the
French florists as the Minor Moss : it is a most
excellent variety to keep in pots for forcing.
Prolifere, or Mousseuse Prolifere, is an old variety
from France, producing very large flowers, which
do not open well in wet weather ; but in dry hot
seasons this is a fine rose. The Pompone Moss,
or Mossy de Meaux, has for some years been a
great favourite. This rose was found by Mr. Sweet
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 13
of the Bristol Nursery, at a garden at Taunton,
Somersetshire, in 1814. He obtained possession
of the plant for five pounds ; and afterwards dis-
tributed the young plants at one guinea each. It
was most probably an accidental sport from the
Old Rose de Meaux, and not from seed, as that
rose is too double to bear seed in this country.
This is one of the prettiest of roses, and one of
the first to make its appearance in June, glad-
dening us with its early clusters of small and
finely-shaped flowers. It is not well adapted for
a standard ; for, when grafted or budded, it is but
a short-lived plant, at least in the generality of
soils ; on its own roots, in light rich soils, it may
be grown in great perfection. The Perpetual
White Moss is a Damask Kose : it is pretty only
in bud; for, when expanded, the flower is ill-
shaped. This made a great noise in the rose
world when it first appeared ; but its reputation
for beauty was much over-rated. However, if
grown luxuriantly, it produces immense clusters
of buds, which have a very elegant and unique
appearance. This rose is a proof, often occurring,
that florists are apt to designate a plant by some
name descriptive of what they wish it to be, rather
than of ivhat it is. The Perpetual Moss is not
perpetual; but, like the Old Monthly Damask
Rose, in moist autumns and in rich soils it some-
times puts forth flowering branches. The Lux-
embourg Moss, or " Ferrugineuse," has been
14 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
raised from seed, within these few years, in the
Luxembourg Gardens. It is evidently much
tinged with the dark colouring of some variety of
Rosa gallica, and approaches to that grand desi-
deratum, a dark crimson Moss Eose. This is
most certainly a superb variety, of great luxuriance
of growth, forming a fine standard : it will pro-
bably be the parent of a dark Moss Kose still
more splendid, as it bears seed freely. The Mottled
Moss is the Mousseuse Prolifere, a large globular
rose with petals that are crisp or curdled before
its flowers open: this gave rise to its name of
Mottled Moss. This rose does not open well in
wet seasons, but is often very beautiful, and forms
a fine standard.
The Scarlet Moss, the Mousseuse de la Fleehe
of the French, from being originated at the town
of La Fleehe, is a pretty brilliant rose, with flowers
nestrly as small as the Pompone Moss, but not so
double. The Spotted Moss is also a French
variety ; but its spots do not add to its beauty in
the eyes of the English florist ; though in France
any distinguishing feature in a flower, however
absurd, is seized with avidity to mark a variety.
The Old Striped Moss is a singular rose, of deli-
cate growth, often producing flower-stems and
buds entirely without moss; still its glaucous
foliage and striped flowers give the plant a pretty
original appearance. The Sage-leaved Moss is a
good double rose, remarkable only for its leaves,
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 15
which are much like those of the common sage.
The Single Moss and Single Lilac Moss are
desirable as being distinct, and capable of bearing
seed from which new varieties may be raised.
Eivers's Single Moss is inclined to be semi-double.
This is a remarkably luxuriant grower, as is the
Single Crimson Moss, a seedling which bloomed
for the first time in the season of 1836; a rose
quite worth notice, for its colour is beautiful ; and
as it is a true Moss Rose, and bears seed abun-
dantly, it will, I hope, be the parent of some first-
rate varieties. The White Bath or Clifton Moss
is a favourite and beautiful Rose : this owes its
origin to a sporting branch of the common Moss,
which was found in a garden at Clifton, near
Bristol, about thirty years since, from whence it
was distributed. The Old White Moss is, perhaps,
a French variety, as the French cultivators, when
speaking of the Clifton Moss, call it Mousseuse
Blanche Anglaise ; and the Old White Moss,
M. Blanche Ancienne. This has not so much
moss as the Clifton, and is not pure white, but
inclining to a pale flesh-colour: it is also much
more delicate in habit.
To the Moss Roses described in the preceding
pages may now be added Lancel, so named from
its originator, which has the merit of producing
the most beautiful of flower-buds. The moss with
which they are enveloped is long and abundant,
and of the most lively green ; its flowers, when
16 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
expanded, are of a deep reddish rose, rather irre-
gular in shape : it is in its buds that this rose is
interesting. The Agathe-leaved Moss, " Mous-
seuse & Feuilles d'Agathe," is a new hybrid, be-
tween the Rose gallica Agathe and the Moss Rose :
its flowers are of a pale flesh-colour, rather
irregular in form ; this is interesting from its
singularity, but not by any means beautiful.
Mousseuse de Metz proves to be a very pretty
bright carmine Moss Rose, with flowers double and
finely shaped ; in short, a rose quite worthy of cul-
tivation.
The Scarlet Pompone, Pompone ecarlate, or
Mousseuse Picciola, is a new variety, something
like Mousseuse de la Fleche in character, but more
dwarf, with flowers much smaller, and nearly or
quite double ; it is a very pretty bright carmine
rose, and will probably prove one of the prettiest
of our dwarf Moss Roses.
A new striped Moss Rose, Mousseuse Panachee
pleine, was received two years since from France ;
this has proved a much prettier rose than I at one
time thought it to be ; its flowers are pale flesh
striped with pink, and generally constantly so ;
sometimes half the flowers will be white, and the
remaining petals of a bright rose colour.
Several moss roses have been lately introduced,
most of them emanating from the Luxembourg
Moss. I will take them in their alphabetical
order, and begin with a Feuilles Pourpres, so
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN 17
named from its leaves being of a dark red in
spring. This is a pretty, brilliant carmine rose,
with flowers rather small, and will probably,
when its character is more developed, prove to be
worthy a place in a good collection. Alice Leroy,
recently raised at Angers, that most favourable
of all climates for raising roses from seed, is of a
robust habit, giving full-sized double flowers,
rather a deep rose tinged with lilac.
Anemone is a very distinct variety, with shoots
very slender and graceful; flowers bright pink,
petals incurved, much like those of some double
anemonies. Celina is, however, one of the very
best dark crimson moss roses we yet possess : its
foliage has a peculiarly dark glossy-green tint,
quite distinct; its flowers are large and double,
but not quite full to the centre ; colour very bril-
liant but deep crimson, in some seasons slightly
tinged with purple : this will most probably su-
persede the Luxembourg Moss, which only a few
years since, was our only deep-coloured moss
rose. Its habit is not quite so robust as that of
the latter, which in some soils is almost too much
so, making here shoots six feet in length in grow-
ing seasons. The Crimson Pompone, or Oscar
Foulard, raised from seed by M. Foulard of Le
Mans, is small, with flowers quite double ; colour,
red, tinged with purple: a pretty and distinct
rose. Helene Mauget, and Hortensia are quite
new roses, from that prolific parent the Luxem-
c
18 THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN.
bourg: they are pretty, but not enough distinct
to be recommended: to the collector only they
will prove interesting. Louise Colet is a re-
markable and distinct variety, not so much in
the colour of its flowers as in its curious leafy
sepals, giving the flower a pretty and singular
character. Malvina, raised by the same culti-
vator at Angers, is really a good double rose ; the
whole plant distinct in character; flowers full
sized, and very double, of a bright rose-colour
slightly tinged with lilac. Pompone Feu is a
dwarf variety, with peculiar brilliant pink flowers,
not quite double : this is a pretty dwarf rose, and
should be planted with the other Pompone moss
roses. Princess Royal was raised here from seed
by crossing that old variety Mousseuse ponctuee
with the Tuscany Rose. This would indeed be
the most splendid of moss roses if its flowers were
quite double; they are not so, but still more
than semi-double, and the number of its petals
seems to increase annually, as in the Single Crim-
son Moss, which, from being quite single, is now
semi-double. Princess Royal is, if possible, still
more robust in its habit than the Luxembourg ;
it makes shoots five to seven feet in one season ;
its leaves and shoots in spring are of a deep red ;
it 'gives a profusion of flowers, which are of a very
deep crimson purple, mottled with bright red ;
when in bud, or half expanded, they are very
beautiful. As this rose bears seed freely, it will
most probably be the parent of some unique va-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 19
rieties. We have now also what was at one time
thought to be impossible, viz. the Old Eose
Unique mossed : this is called Moss Unique de
Provence. I cannot learn its origin ; if from seed
or otherwise ; but am inclined to think it is a sport
from our old favourite, the Unique Rose : its
habit is exactly similar, and equally robust; its
flowers of the same pure white, and blooming in
the same magnificent clusters. This beautiful
white rose offers a fine contrast to Celina, and
equally deserves a place in every garden.
Moss Roses, when grown on their own roots,
require a light and rich soil : in such soils, they
form fine masses of beauty in beds on lawns. In
cold and clayey soils they in general succeed much
better worked on the Dog Rose, forming beauti-
ful standards. I have ascertained that they esta-
blish themselves much better on short stems, from
two to three feet in height, than on taller stems.
If short, the stem increases in bulk progressively
with the head, and the plants will then live and
flourish a great many years.
To give a succession of bloom, the plants in-
tended to flower early should be pruned in Octo-
ber, and those for the second series the beginning
of May — shortening their shoots, as recommended
for the Provence Roses. Give them also an
abundant annual dressing of manure on the sur-
face, in November.
To raise Moss Roses from seed is a most inter-
c 2
20 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
esting employment for the genuine rose amateur ;
such a pleasing field is open, and so much may
yet be done. The following directions will, I hope,
assist those who have leisure, perseverance, and
love for this charming flower. A plant of the
Luxembourg Moss and one of the Single Crimson
Moss should be planted against a south wall, close
to each other, so that their branches may be min-
gled. In bright calm sunny mornings in June,
about ten o'clock, those flowers that are expanded
should be examined by pressing the fingers on the
anthers ; it will then be found if the pollen is
abundant ; if so, a flower of the former should be
shaken over the latter ; or, what perhaps is better,
its flower-stalk should be fastened to the wall, so
that the flower will be kept in an erect position.
Then cut a flower of the Luxembourg Moss, snip
off its petals with a sharp pair of scissors, and
place the anthers firmly but gently upon a flower
of the Single Crimson, so that the anthers of
each are entangled : they will keep it in its posi-
tion : a stiff breeze will then scarcely remove it.
The fertilising will take place without further
trouble, and a fine hep full of seed will be the re-
sult. To obtain seed from the Luxembourg Moss,
I need scarcely say that this operation must be
reversed. /A wall is not always necessary to ripen
seed ; for in dry soils, and airy exposed situations
the above Moss Hoses bear seed in tolerable abun-
dance. The treatment of the heps, sowing the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 21
seed, and the management of the young plants,
as applicable to all, is given at the end of the first
part.
THE FRENCH ROSE.
(ROSA GALLIC A.)
The French Rose (Rosa gallica of botanists) is
an inhabitant of the continent of Europe, growing
abundantly in the hedges of France and Italy. In
the " Flora? Romanae" of Sebastiani, published at
Rome in 1818, this rose, Rosa sempervireris, and
Rosa canina, are said to be the only roses grow-
ing naturally in the Papal States. It was one of
the earliest roses introduced to our gardens. 1596
is given by botanists as the date of its introduc-
tion ; and, owing to its bearing seed freely, it has
been the parent of an immense number of varieties,
many of the earlier sorts being more remarkable
for their expressive French appellations than for
any great dissimilarity in their habits or colours.
The Semi-double Red Rose, grown in Surrey for
the druggists, is of this family, and a very slight
remove from the original species, which is of the
same colour, with but one range of petals, or sin-
gle. All the roses of this group are remarkable
for their compact and upright growth ; many for
the multiplicity of their petals, and tendency to
produce variegated flowers. Some of these spotted
c 3
22 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and striped roses are very singular and beautiful.
The formation of the flower, in many of the su-
perior modern varieties of Eosa gallica is very
regular ; so that most probably this family will
ultimately be the favourite of those florists who
show roses for prizes in the manner that dahlias
are now exhibited ; that is, as full-blown flowers,
one flower on a stem ; for they bear carriage
better, w^hen fully expanded, than any other roses.
In France, this is called the " Provins Rose ; " and
some varieties of it are classed in a separate divi-
sion, as "Agathe Eoses." These have curled
foliage, and pale-coloured, compact flowers, remark-
able for their crowded petals. That very old striped
rose, sometimes improperly called the (( York and
Lancaster" Eose, seems to have been one of the
first variations of Eosa gallica, as it is mentioned
by most of our early writers on gardening. This
is properly " Eosa mundi : " the true York and
Lancaster Eose is a Damask Eose.
To describe a selection of these roses is no easy
task, as the plants differ so little in their habits ;
and their flowers, though very dissimilar in appear-
ance, yet offer so few prominent descriptive charac-
teristics. Some of the new varieties lately intro-
duced, though much prized in France, have not
yet bloomed well here : the change of climate seems
to have affected them. Av Fleurs a Feuilles Mar-
brees, as the name implies, has its leaves and flowers
marbled or stained, as are also its branches. This
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 23
rose is so double, that it has as much the appearance
of a ranunculus as a rose, and in fine weather is
very beautiful ; but wet soon disfigures it. Aglae
Adanson is a fine marbled rose, something like the
above in colour, but with much larger flowers,
which are double, finely-formed, and open freely.
Anarelle is a large-cupped and finely-shaped rose;
its outer petals pale lilac ; its centre of a deep pur-
plish rose, distinct and good. Aspasie is one of
the most delicate and beautiful roses known, for
its form is quite perfect, a little inclining to be
globular, like some of the hybrid China roses. Au-
relie is much like the last in colour and form, but
is delicately spotted with white. Assemblage des
Beautes is not quite full enough of petals, but de-
serves its name, for its varied and finely-coloured
crimson and scarlet flowers, on one stem, are al-
ways admired. Belle Herminie is a semi-double
spotted rose, remarkable as being the parent of
most of the spotted and marbled varieties. Berlese
is a fine rose, with a dark purple ground, spotted
with crimson, and before it is faded by the mid-
day sun it is very beautiful. Belle de Fontenay is
now a well-known variety, but quite unique, as its
margined flowers are distinct and characteristic.
Bizarre Marbre is a fine marbled rose, very dou-
ble and well shaped, of a bright rose-colour beau-
tifully shaded. Comte Walsh has been described
in the catalogue, on the faith of a French florist,
before it bloomed here ; it has not proved true to
c 4
24 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
its description, as it is not margined, but it is a
first-rate show rose.*
Camaieu is a very distinct striped rose. Its
flowers are rather small, and sometimes not
of a good form; still it is a very pretty rose.
Comte de Murinais is a large flattish rose, of a
slate-coloured ground, spotted with rose colour;
a very distinct and 'good variety. Cramoisie
Picotee is a distinct and curious slate-coloured
spotted rose, not so pretty and brilliant as the
Old Picotee ; its spots have a reddish-brown
tinge. Delille is a new rose, very prettily
spotted on a purple ground. Like most of the
roses of this colour it is only to be seen in per-
fection in the morning, if the weather is sultry ;
but in cloudy weather it will retain its beauty the
entire day. Due de Trevise is a most beautiful
rose, of first-rate form for a show rose, and of a
robust and distinct habit. Due d' Orleans is also
a fine and brilliant rose; large, finely cupped, and
distinctly spotted with white, and of the most
robust and vigorous habit. E'clatante is a rose
that may be distinguished in a group, however
crowded, as it is so extremely bright ; it perhaps
ought not to be called scarlet, yet no other term
so well describes its colour.
E'clat des Roses is a very double and large
* This term is applied to those varieties that produce very
double and perfect flowers, fit to be exhibited singly, as dahlias
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 25
rose, of the most perfect form for a show rose.
It seldom produces deformed or ill-shaped flowers;
the plant is also of the most vigorous habit. To
Fanny Parissot this description may also be ap-
plied, only that its colour is much more delicate.
Fanny Bias is a name also given to this rose.
Fanny Elsler is a new and pretty spotted rose,
but it has not yet bloomed here in perfection.
Fleur d' Amour is one of the most vivid-coloured
roses in this group, much like Assemblage des
Beautes, but more double. Grandissima is a most
robust-growing and very large rose, likely to
prove a show rose of first-rate excellence. The
King of Rome, or Theodore de Corse (for they
are one and the same), is a beautiful double and
compact rose, so exactly like a double ranunculus
that it might almost be mistaken for one. Leo-
pold is a fine dark rose, much like that old favou-
rite the Tuscany Rose, but with smaller and more
double flowers.
La Capricieuse is indeed capricious, for some
of its flowers are plain, and some most beautifully
pencilled with white ; which, on the vivid rose-
coloured ground of this rose, has a pretty effect.
La Moskowa is a large dark rose, not quite
double enough for a show rose, but its flowers
have a fine effect on the plant. Lafayette is a
pencilled rose, quite different from the generality
of these roses, and much like Rationale Tricolore.
It is shaded with purple and crimson, and varies
26 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
much with the season. La Nationale is a distinct
variety, of a bright rose-colour, marbled and
striped with crimson ; one of the prettiest of its
class. Lucile is a spotted rose : this, like many
of the new variegated roses, is very pretty in dry
and warm seasons.
Madame Cottin is a large and well-shaped rose,
adapted for a show-rose ; as is also Madame Du-
barry, perhaps one of the very finest double roses
known. These are both of the most vigorous
habits and first-rate excellence. Malesherbes is
a purple spotted rose, requiring to be kept from
the hot sun ; for, like all roses inclining to purple
or slate-colour, it soon fades. Nationale Tricolore
is one of the prettiest of variegated roses, gene-
rally shaded with red and purple, with a white or
yellowish centre; but this central colour is not
constant.* Oracle du Siecle is a most charming
rose, perfect in form, and rich and beautiful in its
fine crimson and scarlet colouring.
Oriflamme is a rose which I ventured to
describe as deep scarlet, on the faith of a very
honourable florist, who raised it from seed. It
has bloomed in this country, and proves to be
a fine bright red rose, perhaps scarcely double
enough. Picotee, or Violet Picotee, in some soils,
produces flowers of a deep violet crimson, striped
with white ; in others it loses its variegation ;
* This has, since the above was written, proved so much like
Belle de Fontenay that it can scarcely be distinguished from it.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 27
but, under all circumstances, it is a pretty and
most distinct rose. Princess Victoria was raised
from seed at Linton in Cambridgeshire by a Mr.
Gimson. This is a fine brilliant crimson rose,
and generally a good show flower, as it is very
double, and regular in its form. Porcelaine
Royale is a beautifully-shaped mottled rose ; not
large, but cupped, and perfect in its form, and
adapted for a show rose. Renoncule Ponctuee,
or the Spotted Ranunculus, is happily named ;
for it is much like a ranunculus, both in its form
and in the disposition of its colours. When this
rose opens well (which, owing to the crowded
state of its petals, it sometimes fails to do), it is a
peculiar and beautiful variety. The Superb Tus-
cany is a seedling from the Old Tuscany, with
larger and more double flowers ; very dark, per-
haps more so than those of its parent, yet their
colour is not so brilliant.
Sir Walter Scott is a good rose, finely-shaped,
of that deep purplish-rose colour which has a very
rich appearance ; it is well calculated for a show
rose, as its shape is generally perfect. Sombrieul
is a delicate spotted rose, something like Aurelie ;
probably having the same origin, as it was raised
from seed by the same grower. Tricolor, or La
Belle Alliance, is now a very old variety; in
some soils producing flowers prettily striped with
yellowish white, in others its flowers are quite
plain. Tricolor Pompon seems to be merely a
28 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
variety of the preceding, with smaller petals, and
a greater proportion of white in them ; probably,
it owes its origin to a sporting branch of the
original Tricolor. Tricolor superba is one of the
finest of the striped roses : its ground colour is of
the darkest crimson, on which its regular stripes
of nearly pure white have a good effect ; it also
bids fair to be constant in its variegation.
Triomphe de Rennes is a very large and finely-
shaped show rose : the habit of the plant is also
most luxuriant, and it forms a fine standard.
Tullie is a very large rose, of a bright rose-
coloured ground, distinctly and largely spotted.
The Prince, bright red, spotted with blush, is
a very remarkable and pretty rose. Like all
the roses of this colour, it requires to be kept
from the sun. The Village Maid, or Provins
Panachee, is now a well-known rose, varying so
much in colour, in different soils, that many assert
there are two or three varieties ; but this is not
the case, for there is as yet but one Village Maid
Rose, which, in some situations, has red or car
nation coloured, in others slate-coloured or purple,
stripes.
Uniflore Marbree has a tendency to produce its
flowers on single footstalks, whence its name. It
is a good-shaped and very double rose, beautifully
marbled.
New varieties of this family are raised with
such facility that it would lengthen this little
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 29
work too much to enumerate and describe all that
have been received since the first edition was pub-
lished. In List No. 2., I have, as show roses, given
the names of some of the finest varieties in this
family; but, as the characters of the variegated
roses cannot be given with such facility, a few of
the most remarkable must have a passing word.
Panachee pleine, which ought perhaps to be
called the New Carnation Rose, is a seedling from
the Village Maid Hose, with striped flowers, like
it in every respect, but more compact and double
in its flowers, and better calculated to show as a
prize rose singly.
Triomphe de Beaute is also a dark violet crim-
son rose, prettily streaked with red ; this is a very
pretty bright-coloured well-shaped rose.
Pulchra Marmorea is one of the best of this
class, a bright rosy-red, marbled with white.
Superb Marbled, Superbe Marbre, or General
Damremont is a finely-shaped full rose, crimson,
sometimes marbled very beautifully with purple ;
this is an inconstant, but, when perfect, a very
superb rose. Arethuse, like AN Feuilles a Fleurs
Marbre, has its leaves prettily variegated or rather
marbled ; this is rather a small but very pretty
rose, of a bright rose-colour, spotted with pale
blush.
A perfect crowd of new varieties have lately been
raised belonging to this family. My limits will
only allow me to notice a few of the most striking
30 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and superior varieties. Antonine d'Ormois is a
fine free-growing variety, with flowers large, of
the most perfect shape ; colour a delicate blush.
Cerise superbe is one of the most brilliant in co-
lour in this class ; its flowers approach to scarlet ;
they are quite double, and in shape perfectly
beautiful. Columella is also a rose deserving a
high eulogium. Generally its flowers are of a
bright pink, beautifully shaded on their margins,
with blush ; occasionally it produces self-coloured
flowers, but is always a first-rate and remarkably
distinct variety. Kean is now become a well-
known rose, remarkable for its constancy, for it is
always beautiful ; in size it is first-rate, in shape
quite perfection; colour bright reddish crimson,
in some seasons approaching to scarlet. Latour
d'Auvergne is another of these most perfect roses,
worthy of a place in every rose-garden; colour
deep crimson, habit most robust and vigorous.
Letitia, of a beautiful veined deep rose-colour, is
equally valuable as a show rose, for in all seasons
it is invariably perfect in shape. Shakspere is a
fine shaded rose; in most seasons this beautiful
variety shows a brilliant red centre, having a
charming effect. Schombrunn and Triomphe de
Jaussens are also brilliant crimson roses, quite
perfect in shape, and most constant and beautiful.
There are yet many other self-coloured roses in
this family, of equal beauty, but of which it is
impossible to give descriptions without a sameness
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 31
which would be tedious to the reader. In the
Catalogue of 1843 accurate descriptions are given,
which, though brief, are correct. To variegated
roses of this class one has been added most espe-
cially deserving of notice ; this is GEillet parfau%
a rose raised in the West of France, and given
out to the world before its qualities were appre-
ciated. It is a hybrid between the Damask and
the French rose, so exactly like a carnation in its
beautifully-striped flowers as scarcely to be dis-
tinguished from one : its ground colour is pale
blush, striped distinctly with dark red and crim-
son, no other variegated rose approaching it in
beauty. One or two pretty varieties of Rosa
tricolor have lately been originated. Tricolor
d'Orleans is the most distinct of these : its flowers
are of a peculiar vivid, shaded red, striped with
white. A very pretty marbled rose, called Mo-
deste Guerin, is also worthy of notice, as some of
its petals are of a bright rose-colour, others nearly
white. Lavoisier, a new rose, is remarkable for
having its leaves variegated, and flowers spotted ;
this is a very double and finely-shaped rose.
Madelen Friquet is also a perfectly-shaped rose,
remarkably full of petals, something like that fine
old French rose, Crivalis. This is a spotted va-
riety; ground-colour, rose spotted with pale blush.
Some of these spotted roses, more particularly
those with a red or crimson ground, look as if
they were disfigured by the weather, i. e. as if
32 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rain had given rise to discolouration, but some are
very distinct and pretty.
Most of the varieties of Kosa gallica are robust
and hardy, and flourish equally as bushes on their
own roots, grafted or budded on short stems, or as
standards; but they cannot be recommended for
tall standards, as their growth is too compact to
be graceful. To grow them fine for exhibition as
single blooms, or " show-roses," the clusters of
buds should be thinned early in June, taking at
least two-thirds from each; manure should also
be laid round their stems on the surface, and ma-
nured water given to them plentifully in dry
weather. With this description of culture, these
roses will much surpass any thing we have yet
seen in this country. To prolong their season of
blooming, two plants of each variety should be
planted ; one plant to be pruned in October, and
the other in May. These will be found to give a
regular succession of flowers. In winter pruning,
shorten the strong shoots to within six or eight
buds of the bottom ; those that are weak cut
down to two or three buds.
To raise self-coloured French roses from seed,
they should be planted in a warm, dry border,
sloping to the south, in an open, airy situation.
The shade of trees is very pernicious to seed-bear-
ing roses ; and, in planting roses for the purpose of
bearing seed, it must be borne in mind that it
will give great facility to their management if the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 33
plants are planted in pairs, close to each other ; ac-
cident will then often do as much as art in fertilis-
ing them; thus the Woodpigeon Rose may be
planted with and fertilised by the Tuscany, La
Globuleuse with Comte de Murinais, Oriflamme
with Assemblage des Beautes, Vesta with Feu
Turc, Jean Bart with Princess Victoria, Superb
Tuscany with Leopold, La Majestueuse also with
the latter. All these roses bear seed, often without
being fertilised, but the crop is almost certain if
that operation is performed ; and the above unions
are likely to produce roses of decided colours and
first-rate qualities.
To raise variegated roses the following, which
also bear seed freely, should be selected and planted
as before directed : — Aglae Adanson with Ana-
creon, the Village Maid with Due d'Orleans,
Tricolor and Tricolor Pompon also with the
Village Maid. This last union would probably
produce some pretty striped roses.
Berlese may also be planted with Seguier, Due
d'Orleans with Andre Thouin, and the Leopard
Rose with Anacreon: these would most likely
give pretty spotted roses. Picotee might be fer-
tilised with the Village Maid, and, if seed could be
procured, some fine varieties must be the result ;
but the central small petals should be removed
with a pair of tweezers from the former rose, when
its flowers are half expanded, as they are too much
crowded to allow it to bear seed. Clear white and
34 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
crimson striped roses are yet desiderata, as those
we possess are inconstant. The Tricolor Rose
fertilised with Globe Hip, which abounds in pollen,
will be an experiment worth trying.
The Tuscany Rose, which is a most convenient
variety for imparting dark colours, as it abounds
with pollen more than any cultivated rose, should
be planted in every rose seminary.
HYBRID PROVENCE ROSES.
These beautiful roses are exactly intermediate
between the French and the Provence Rose, par-
taking, almost in an equal degree, of both parents.
They have upon the long and graceful shoots of
the Provence the close and more dense foliage of
the French rose; and, in some of the varieties,
the pale and delicate colouring of the first is
enlivened by the rich and deep crimson hues of
the latter. The origin of these roses may be soon
attested; for, if the Single Moss, or Provence
Rose, is fertilised with the farina of Rosa gallica,
Hybrid Provence roses will be produced, agreeing
in every respect with the above description.
Among the most superior varieties is Agnes Sorel,
a delicate fresh-coloured rose, very double and
finely-shaped; Amelie Guerin is evidently from
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 35
the seed of that good old rose, the Globe Hip, but
with smaller and more double flowers, of the
same pure white; a pretty and distinct variety.
Blanchefleur is of the most delicate flesh-colour,
or nearly white ; very distinct, and even now
(1843) one of the finest roses known. Cleliee
is a magnificent rose, of the largest dimensions,
forming a very fine standard, as its branches are
graceful and spreading. Celinette is also a very
large and fine rose, of the most delicate flesh-
colour, possessing in its habits all the characters
of this division.
Duchesse d'Angouleme, or the Wax Rose, is
an old but deservedly a favourite variety : its
colour is so delicate and its form so perfect that
it must always be admired; the habit of the plant
is most luxuriant, and rather more erect than most
other members of this family. Enchantress grande
Henriette, or Rose Parmentier, for these, and I
believe some others, are its synonymes, is an old
and most beautiful variety, so double and finely-
shaped that it may be considered a prize-rose of
the first character.
Gracilis, or Shailer's Provence, is a very old
and delicate-growing rose, unlike most other va-
rieties of this family in its habit, as it seems to be
between the Boursault and Provence Rose.
The Globe Hip, the "Boule de Neige" of the
French, was raised from seed many years since at
the Hammersmith nursery. This is now much
D 2
36 THE SUMMEK ROSE GARDEN".
surpassed by some of our new white roses, but
still it is a favourite variety. Its habit is most
luxuriant ; and if it is grafted on the same stem
with George the Fourth, or some other vigorous-
growing dark variety, the union will have a fine
effect. The Glory of France is an immense rose,
of the most luxuriant habit, having a fine effect
grown as a standard, but, like some other very
large roses, its flowers are irregularly shaped. La
Volupte is a new variety, possessing in its bright
vivid rose-colour, and perfect shape, all that can
be wished for in a rose. L'Ingenue is most un-
doubtedly a descendant of the Globe Hip, with
flowers of the purest white, the centre of the
flower inclining to yellow; this is one of the
finest white roses known, and, like the Globe Hip,
it is of the most luxuriant habit. Lycoris is a
new variety, of a fine vivid rose-colour, marbled
and spotted in a very distinct and beautiful man-
ner. Malibran is a distinct and good rose, with
peculiar glossy foliage and shoots; it is not spread-
ing and diffuse in its habit, but very erect, unlike
any other rose in this division. This rose has not
yet bloomed in full perfection in this country.
Reine des Beiges, a fine white rose, was classed
in the catalogue of last season among the Hybrid
China roses, but it is so evidently a seedling from
the Globe Hip, that I have now placed it in this
division : this rose, when it blooms in perfection,
is one of the most double and beautiful in exist-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 37
ence. The Tree Pseony Rose produces flowers
rivalling in size those of the Paeonia Moutan, or
Tree Pseony, but, as they are flat, irregularly-
shaped, and not very double, it cannot long be a
favourite with the amateur.*
To this family we have some interesting ad-
ditions, particularly to White Roses, of which
Melanie, or Melanie de Waldor, and the New
Double Globe, orBoule de Neige a Fleurs pleines,
are very perfect and beautiful varieties : the latter
is also called Clarisse Jolivain; this is an improved
variety of the Globe Hip.
To blush roses, Duchesse d'Orleans, one of the
most elegant delicate-coloured roses known, and
the Blush Globe, a seedling from the Globe Hip
fertilised with the Tuscany, are valuable additions
as prize roses. " Elisa Leker " is a new deep rose-
coloured variety, spotted, of much beauty.
Very many beautiful roses have within the last
three years been added to this class ; one of the
most distinct is Christine de Pisan, deep reddish
pink, occasionally mottled ; this is a very beau-
tiful rose, and differs much in habit and flowers
from all in this family. Emerance is also per-
fectly unique, and one is inclined to wonder how
this peculiar colour could be gained : its flowers
are most perfect in shape, and of a delicate straw
colour, differing altogether from any other summer
* I have now placed this rose in my catalogue among the
Damask roses, to which it is very nearly allied.
D 3
38 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rose. Laura, with flowers very large, of a fine rosy
blush, is a first-rate and most beautiful variety, de-
serving of all that can be said in its praise. Madame
Huet and Rose Devigne are delicate blush roses
much alike, and both beautiful ; the latter has,
perhaps, the larger flowers of the two. The co-
lour of both is very similar, being a delicate blush,
A new white rose, Princesse Clementine, has
within the last season been introduced ; this was
raised at Angers, and is reported to be the finest
and largest white rose known. Nero is a fine
deep purplish red rose, grouping admirably with
the, perhaps, too many pale roses in this family.
Semilasso is also a deep-coloured and finely-shaped
rose, equally worth a place in the rose-garden.
Hypacia is a new variety of much beauty ; flowers
perfectly cupped, and of the most regular shape ;
colour deep pink, occasionally mottled : this is a
distinct and charming rose.
Hybrid Provence roses are very robust and
hardy, useful to the rose amateur, as serving to
form a most delicate group of soft colours : they
also make admirable standards, as the branches of
most of the varieties are inclined to be spreading^,
diffuse, and of course graceful.
The seed-bearing roses of this family are the
Globe Hip, the flowers of which should not be fer-
tilised if pure white roses are desired. Some few
years since I raised a plentiful crop of seedlings
from this rose, fertilised with the Tuscany, nearly
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 39
all my plants produced semi-double blush and
rose-coloured flowers ; the Blush Globe was the
only exception.
Blanchefleur, with Cleliee, would possibly pro-
duce seed from which fine shaped and delicate-
coloured roses might be expected. The same with
the Tuscany rose would most likely originate deep
rose-coloured varieties, with finely-shaped cupped
flowers.
HYBEID CHINA KOSES.)
(ROSA INDICA HYBRIDA.)
The superior varieties of this fine division give
SL combination of all that is or can be beautiful in
roses ; for, not only are their flowers of the most
elegant forms and colours, their foliage of extreme
luxuriance, but their branches are so vigorous and
graceful, that perhaps no plant presents such a
mass of beauty as a finely grown hybrid China
rose in full bloom. They owe their origin to the
China, Tea-scented Noisette and Bourbon roses,
fertilised with the French, Provence, and other
summer roses, and also to the latter crossed with
the former ; the seeds of such impregnated flowers
producing hybrid China roses. These have, in
many cases, resulted from accident, but latterly
D 4
40 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
from the regular fertilising process, as mules or
hybrids have been raised from well known pa-
rents.
In England, but few varieties have been ori-
ginated ; as the common China rose does not in
general ripen its seeds sufficiently for germination.
The parents of Brown's Superb Blush, which is
an English hybrid, raised by the late Mr. Charles
Brown, of Slough, one of our most scientific and
persevering cultivators, cut off in the prime of life,
was the old Tea-scented rose, Rosa indica odorata,
impregnated with some hardy summer rose.
Rivers's George the Fourth is also an English
rose ; but as this came by accident, its origin is
not so well ascertained. Rosa Blairii is also En-
glish, and raised from the yellow China, impreg-
nated with some variety of hardy rose. All these
roses have the true characters of the family: leaves-
smooth, glossy, and sub-evergreen : branches long,
luxuriant, and flexible. They give a long con-
tinuance of bloom, but they never put forth se-
condary or autumnal flowers. This is a most
peculiarly distinguishing trait, and an interesting
fact. Impregnate a Bourbon, China, or Noisette
rose, all abundant autumnal bloomers, with the
farina of a French or Provence rose, and you en-
tirely take away the tendency to autumnal bloom-
ing in their offspring. They will grow vigorously
all the autumn, and give a long, but not a second-
ary series of flowers. Some of these hybrid China
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 41
roses produce seed abundantly, which is rather a
remarkable feature, as so few hybrid plants are
fertile.
Hybrids produced from the French rose im-
pregnated with the China rose, are not of such
robust and vigorous habits as when the China rose
is the female parent ; but, perhaps, this is an asser-
tion scarcely borne out by facts, for the exceptions
are numerous, and, like many other variations in
roses and plants in general, seem to bid defiance
to systematic rules. By some cultivators the roses
of this division have been much more divided than
in my catalogue, forming " Hybrid Noisettes,"
" Hybrid LTsle de Bourbons," &c. &c. ; but as
these all owe their origin to the common China
rose, their offspring may with justice be called
Hybrid China roses. I have, however, found the
Hybrid Bourbon roses distinct in their characters,
and they now form a group, or division, in the ca-
talogue.
Those that have been raised from Noisette
roses have a tendency to produce their flowers in
clusters ; those from Bourbon roses have their
* leaves thick, leathery, and round ; those from the
Tea-scented have a delicate and grateful scent;
but all have those distinguishing family traits as
before given, and accordingly they group beauti-
fully. As this is the grand object of the amateur
cultivator, it seems far more preferable to arrange
them as one family, than to make several divisions
42 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
with but very minute distinguishing features. It
is a difficult task to point out the best in this
division, as they are nearly all well deserving of
cultivation. However, by making a few remarks,
such as cannot be given in a descriptive catalogue,
I may perhaps be able, in some measure, to direct
the choice of amateurs to those most worthy their
notice.
Adolphe Cachet is a rose not much known ;
but a very double, well shaped, and distinct
variety. Attelaine de Bourbon, the Athelin of
some French catalogues, is a Hybrid Bourbon
rose, scarcely double enough, but exceedingly
beautiful. It has finely shaped flowers, and blooms
in large and erect clusters ; its colour is of that
vivid rose so peculiar to the Bourbon roses. As
this bears seed freely, it will probably be the
parent of numerous fine varieties.
Bonne Genevieve. This rose, under the name
of " Beaute ethereal," and described as " purple
margined with crimson," has been sold extensively.
It is a most beautiful and perfectly imbricated
rose. Brennus, the Brutus of some collections :
this very superb rose will form a finer object as a
pillar rose* or standard than as a bush ; its lux-
uriant shoots must not be shortened too much in
winter pruning, as it is then apt to produce an
* All the roses to which this term is applied make very long
and flexible shoots, well adapted for training up a column, thus
forming a pillar of roses.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 43
abundance of wood, and but very few flowers.
This rose often puts forth branches in one season
from eight to ten feet in length : if these are from
a dwarf, and are fastened to a wooden or iron
stake, and not shortened, the following season they
will form a pillar of beauty but rarely equalled.
Blairii, a rose not so much known as it deserves
to be, is a very distinct and unique variety, so
impatient of the knife, that if pruned at all se-
verely, it will scarcely put forth a flower: it is
perhaps better as a pillar rose, than grown in any
other mode, as it shoots ten or twelve feet in one
season, and its pendulous clusters of flowers which
are produced from those long shoots unshortened,
have a beautiful effect on a pillar. Beauty of
Billiard is, of all roses, the most glowing and
beautiful : its colour is described in the catalogue
as scarlet; but it is rather a fiery crimson, so
vivid, that it may be distinguished at an immense
distance. This rose also requires care in using the
knife ; the extreme tips of the branches may be
cut off, and some of them thinned out ; it will
then bloom in great perfection, but care must
always be taken in winter pruning to leave its
shoots nearly their full length. Becquet is a
pretty distinct dark crimson flower, very double
and well shaped. Belle Marie is a first-rate rose,
finely shaped, and a good show-rose. Belle Para-
bere is a very remarkable variety of inconceivable
luxuriance ; its flowers are very large : it will in
44 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN
good soils, as a standard, soon form a large um-
brageous tree. Belle de Rosny is a hybrid Noisette,
blooming in very large clusters, of first-rate
quality. Catel is one of our finest dark roses, very
double, and finely shaped, quite worth the notice
of the amateur. Coccinea superba, or " Vingt-
neuf Juillet," is a rose alike beautiful in its flowers
and foliage ; in early spring its leaves and shoots
are of a most vivid red, and this appearance they
retain the greater part of the summer ; its flowers
are brilliant in the extreme, crimson purple shaded
with scarlet : the shoots of this rose must also be
left at nearly their full length.
Coupe d' Amour richly deserves its name, for it
is a beautiful neat rose, quite perfect in its form
and colour.
Coronation is one of those purple shaded roses,
inclining to slate, imbricated, and very perfect in
its shape. Chatelaine is a hybrid Bourbon rose,
dove-coloured, finely shaped, and very good.
Coutard may be safely recommended as a most
perfect and good rose, flowering with great freedom,
and beautiful either as a dwarf or standard.
Colonel Fabvier, also a sterling good rose, is
remarkable for its delicate fragrance. The Duke
of Devonshire is an imbricated rose, one of the
great favourites of the day, and most deservedly
so, for its rosy lilac petals are so delicately striped
with white, and its shape is so perfect, that it will
always be admired. Due de Choiseul is not a
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 45
new variety ; but as it is between the China and
Provence rose, which is a species of hybridisation
not very common, it is interesting ; it forms a very
fine standard. Due de Choiseul ponctuee, or the
spotted, is a most distinct and pretty variety, a
hybrid between the China and Provence rose ; it
is so nearly allied to the latter, that in the cata-
logue it is placed with the Provence roses: this
makes long and slender shoots, and is well adapted
for a standard. Daphne is a hybrid Bourbon, and
one of the most beautiful of roses: it has the
brilliant colour of that interesting group, and the
fine foliage, but its flowers are much more double
than the generality of Bourbon roses. Dr. Guepin
is a most perfect shaped, globular rose, quite
distinct in its character : this, with a few others,
which will be noticed in their turn, have beautiful
spherical-shaped flowers, singular and pleasing.
Eugene Barbet is also one of these finely formed
roses, with dark purplish crimson flowers of first-
rate excellence. Elizabeth Fry is a hybrid
Noisette, blooming in large clusters, a most
brilliant and pleasing rose. Fulgens, or the Malton
rose, is certainly one of the most brilliant and
beautiful of roses ; the entire plant is also worthy
of admiration, independent of its magnificent
globular scarlet flowers, as its foliage is so abun-
dant, and so finely tinted with red ; its branches
so vigorous, and yet spreading so gracefully, that
it forms one of the very finest of standard roses.
46 THE SUMMER HOSE GAEDEN.
Fleurette offers quite a contrast in its small deli-
cately-coloured, and finely shaped flowers ; it is a
desirable and pretty variety. Fimbriata is a most
curious and beautiful rose : each flower-leaf is cut
something like the petals of a pink, and as it is
imbricated, it looks more like a large self-coloured
carnation than a rose. General Lamarque is one
of the darkest of roses, a most luxuriant grower,
and very distinct : in wet weather it is apt to lose
its colour, and to change to a dull brown.
/^Bivers's George the Fourth is still, perhaps,
one of the best of this family : it was raised from
seed by myself, about twenty years ago, and con-
tributed probably more than any thing to make
me an enthusiastic rose cultivator.* It is now
much esteemed in France, where it is compara-
tively a new variety. / Grilony is a new and fine
rose, of a purplish slate colour, and first-rate form
* I hope to be pardoned the digression, but even now I have
not forgotten the pleasure the discovery of this rose gave me.
One morning in June I was looking over the first bed of roses I
had ever raised from seed, and searching for something new among
them with all the ardour of youth, when my attention was at-
tracted to a rose in the centre of the bed, not in bloom, but grow-
ing with great vigour, its shoots offering a remarkable contrast to
the plants by which it was surrounded, in their crimson purple
tinge ; upon this plant I set my mark, and the following autumn
removed it to a pet situation. It did not bloom in perfection the
season after removal, but, when established, it completely eclipsed
all the dark roses known, and the plant was so vigorous that it
made shoots more than ten feet in length in one season. This
plant is still living, and nearly as vigorous as ever.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 47
and character. Hybride blanche is a hybrid Noi-
sette blooming in clusters, and a pretty neat white
rose a little tinged with rose colour. Hypocrate
is a most superb variety, one of the finest of its
class, and well adapted for a show-rose : this
is not the Hypocrate of many catalogues, or
of the French cultivators, which is a hybrid
Bourbon, an inferior variety. The King of
Koses, or Saudeur panachee, is a rarity among
hybrids, for it is finely striped, and as yet so few
variegated roses are in this class : till these few
last seasons never has it bloomed in perfection,
or in fact scarcely at all, owing to its having been
pruned too much : like some few others mentioned,
its branches may be thinned, but scarcely at all
shortened : this rose will form a fine pillar, and a
standard of the largest size, as it grows with ex-
traordinary luxuriance and vigour. Legouve is
a hybrid Bourbon rose, and quite first-rate in
form and colour: this may be grown for a prize
or show-rose. Lady Stuart, like the Duke of
Devonshire, is a gem of the first water, for no
rose can surpass it in beauty; the form of the
flowers before expansion is perfectly spherical,
and exceedingly beautiful. This rose, for some
years to come, must and will be a favourite. La
Grandeur is, perhaps, nearly as much to be ad-
mired, but for qualities quite opposite, as this is
when quite open an imbricated rose, exceedingly
regular and pleasing in its form. Las Casas is a
48 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
hybrid Bourbon of the most robust habit, pro-
ducing very large flowers, nearly the colour and
shape of the common cabbage rose. Lusseldem-
bourg is a fine spherical-shaped rose : its flowers
are of a bright rosy lilac, very beautiful and dis-
tinct. Monteau and Miaulis are both good dark
roses; but they are certainly surpassed by Mi-
ralba, which has recently been named f( Chevrier : "
this is not a large rose, but decidedly one of the
most brilliant and beautiful dark crimson roses
we possess. Moyena, a bright purplish rose, has
flowers very double and finely shaped; it will
prove a good show-rose. Ne Plus Ultra, the
Pallagi of two or three rose cultivators, and
called also Gloire des Hy brides, is now an esta-
blished favourite. Like many others of this di-
vision it is not at all adapted for a show-rose ; its
flowers resemble in colour the red stock, and are
singularly brilliant.
Princess Augusta is an English rose, a vigorous
grower, and well adapted either for a pillar rose
or a standard. Petit Pierre is one of those rapid
and diffuse growing roses, like Belle Parabere
and the King of Roses in luxuriance and vigour
of growth ; this is one of the largest and the
most double of hybrids, and when grown as a
standard, forms a magnificent tree. Pompone
bicolor is rather a small, but well-shaped rose,
its centre inclining to scarlet, with outer petals of
fine crimson purple, a most distinct and desirable
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 49
rose. Heine de Belgique rivals Lady Stuart in
the fine and perfect shape of its flowers ; this rose
has been sold for Keine des Beiges, a hybrid Pro-
vence; but, as that is of the finest white, and
this of a rosy lilac, the cheat is soon detected.
Riego is between the China rose and the sweet
briar, a remarkable, but most pleasing union, as
it has the most delicious perfume. Rosine Du-
pont is a very pale flesh-coloured rose, with re-
markable glossy foliage, and erect growth, very
distinct and pretty. Sapphirine is one of the
largest globular roses known, and most astonish-
ingly robust and vigorous in its habit : in a very
few years, in a strong soil, this rose would form
a tree of the largest size. Souvenir d'une Mere
is a large rose, of that delicate but bright rose-
colour, always so much admired. Its flowers are
not so double as some other varieties, but very
large and magnificent. Triomphe de Laffay is a
beautiful rose, not of a pure white, but rather
what is called French white, the outer petals in-
clined to rose-colour. Triomphe de Guerin, a
very large pale rose, much resembles Lady Stuart,
differing only in having the centre of its flowers
of a warm rose-coloured tint : this is a most beau-
tiful and distinct variety. Triomphe d' Angers is
perfectly unique, and no rose can be more de-
serving of admiration. Its perfume is much like
ripe fruit, and its singularly brilliant crimson
flowers are often striped with wrhite : these two
E
50 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
last-mentioned varieties are finer grown as stand-
ards than in any other mode, as their flowers are
large and pendulous. Titus is a remarkably
pretty purple rose, blooming in large clusters.
Its flowers are not large, but finely shaped and
very distinct. Victor Hugo, one of the finest of
the lilac-coloured roses, deserves a place in every
collection. It produces flowers of the very largest
size, globular, and finely shaped. This is a very
erect growing rose, and may be cultivated either
as a standard or a dwarf. Velours Episcopal is a
new and beautiful variety, perfectly globular,, of
a fine crimson purple, inclining to the latter co-
lour. Wellington is now an old rose : for some
time thought to be the same as Bizarre de la
Chine, but now found to be quite different in its
habit and growth, though its flowers have an
exact resemblance.
As with French roses, the new varieties of this
family are too numerous for detailed descriptions,
but Saint Ursule, Comtesse de Lacepede, and
Adalila ought not to be passed over ; they are all
of the most perfect shape and delicate tints. As
rose-coloured roses, Charles Duval, and Richelieu,
are quite perfection in the form of their flowers,
and for vivid rose-coloured varieties, Lord John
Russell, General Allard, and Louis Fries, can-
not be too much recommended; they are all
truly beautiful. Charles Duval and Lord John
Russell are hybrid Bourbon roses, and it is
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 51
remarkable that hybrids of that family are nearly
always first-rate ; their habits are also generally
pleasing, as they are of compact growth and fine
foliage. Potart, Decandolle, Colonel Combes
(hybrid Bourbon), and Larochefoucault are vivid
red roses of great beauty.
To Hybrid China Roses but very few really
good roses have been added ; to one variety, how-
ever, too much attention cannot be directed, and
this is Chenedole, so called from a member of the
Chamber of Deputies for Calvados, a district in
Normandy, where this fine rose was raised. It
has often been asserted that no rose could compete
with Brennus in size and beauty ; but I feel no
hesitation in saying, that in superior brilliancy of
colour, and size of flower, this variety is superior ;
the foliage and habit of the plant are also much
more elegant and striking ; in colour its flowers
are of a peculiar glowing vivid crimson, discern-
ible at a great distance : it is indeed an admirable
rose, and cannot be too much cultivated. Le
Meteore is from the same origin ; in colour bright
rosy red, very striking, and when blooming in
large clusters on the plant, always much admired.
Julia is a peculiarly elegant-shaped rose ; in co-
lour brilliant, rose very distinct in habit and cha-
racter, as is also Jenny, in colour rather a deep
rose, with flowers beautifully cupped.
Prince Albert, raised by Mr. Hooker, of
Brenchley, Kent, is remarkable for its perfect
E 2
52 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and most elegantly-shaped flowers, most regularly
cupped ; colour delicate yet vivid pink. Triomphe
de Laqueue is another of these most elegantly-
shaped cupped roses, blooming in large clusters ;
colour deep yet vivid rose, slightly tinged with
lilac.
Among Hybrid Bourbon Roses we have two
or three, of recent introduction, surpassingly beau-
tiful; and to no rose can this term be applied
with more justice than Coupe d'Hebe ; in habit
most robust, with foliage glossy, sub-evergreen,
and abundant ; flowers large, and most perfect in
shape, with petals thick and wax-like; colour
delicate pink, changing to blush : so delicate and
beautiful is this rose, that no description can do
justice to it. The Great Western is a rose totally
different to the preceding ; this is not a delicate
but a grand rose. Those who know the old rose,
Celine, may at once form an idea of the habit of
this rose, which is even more robust, and has made
shoots this season more than six feet in length,
and thick as a moderate sized cane ; its leaves are
enormous, and measure from the base to the tip
9 inches, leaflets 3^ by 2 inches; its large clusters
of flowers are produced with from ten to fifteen
in each, but as these are often too much crowded
to expand properly, it is better to thin each
cluster, removing about half the buds; the flowers
of this truly gigantic rose, are of a peculiar deep
rich red, sometimes tinted with purple ; they are
THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN. 53
variable according to the season, but their prevail-
ing colour is as described. Budded on stout stocks
of the dog-rose, this variety will form a large
umbrageous tree *, it will form also a fine pillar
rose, and as a bush budded on a two-feet stem, so
that the whole plant is taken at once by the eye :
it will give a magnificent mass of flowers at one
view. Hortense Leroy is also a most elegant and
beautiful rose ; foliage small, glossy, and distinct,
flowers very perfect and double, colour pale rose.
Ernest Ferray and Elise Merco3ur are most ro-
bust-growing and beautiful roses. Richelieu
(Duval) is perfectly beautiful in its flowers, but
its habit is meagre, and unlike all others of this
generally robust family. Dombrowski and Syl-
vain are two most beautiful brilliant roses, deep
in colour, and well worthy a place in the group.
The first is occasionally almost scarlet, and, like
all these hybrid Bourbons, has thick leathery
petals ; the second is a perfect and fine rose, of a
brilliant crimson. A bed of roses of this family,
on stems of one to two feet in height, will form
one of the most ornamental groups in the rose-
garden.
With but few exceptions hybrid China roses
may be cultivated as standards to advantage, as
their growth is luxuriant and umbrageous, some
of the most robust-growing varieties forming im-
* In the " Rose Garden, No. 5," Gardeners' Chronicle for
1843, p. 356, I have described this rose and its peculiar habit.
E 3
54 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
inense heads. To keep them in a healthy state,
lay round their stems, on the surface of the soil, in
winter, a good proportion of manure ; and mind
that before the blooming season commences this
is added to, as they require the surface of the soil
moist when in flower : they will also continue
much longer in bloom if this is attended to.* The
great objection to this summer surface-manuring,
with English gardeners, is its unsightly appear-
ance, particularly round trees on well-dressed
lawns: this may be soon obviated, by covering the
manure with some green moss ; and to keep the
birds from disturbing it, which they will do after
worms, place on the moss some pieces of rock, or
flints, thus forming an ornamental mound. In
France roses are cultivated with much and well-
rewarded care ; for even standards of thirty years
growth have, every spring, a large quantity of
manure laid on the surface round their stems.
* The following note from the Catalogue of 1843, will be found
of value: —
" I may, perhaps, venture to give the results of some experi-
ments made this last season with roses.
" I have found night-soil, mixed with the drainings of the
dunghill, or even with common ditch or pond water, so as to make
a thick liquid, the best possible manure for roses, poured on the
surface of the soil twice in winter, from one to two gallons to each
tree. December and January are the best months : the soil need
not be stirred till spring, and then merely loosened two or three
inches deep with the prongs of a fork ; for poor soils, and on
lawns, previously removing the turf, this will be found most effi-
cacious.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 55
This keeps the extreme heat of the sun from pe-
netrating to their roots ; and as they are abun-
dantly watered in hot weather, it also prevents
that rapid evaporation which would otherwise take
place, so often rendering watering useless. This
practice is, after all, only imitating nature, for the
Dog Kose, upon which all the fine varieties are
grafted, grows naturally in woods and shady
places ; consequently, it is impatient of exposure
in hot, dry soils and situations.
For rose beds on lawns the roses of this division
are finely adapted, as they form such a mass of
foliage and flowers. They may also be formed
into a regular bank, rising gradually from the
edge, by having dwarfs of different heights, and
" petites tiges," or dwarf standards, in the back-
ground. They bloom remarkably fine on these
little stems, and as the stem is protected from the
sun by the branches of the plant, it increases in
thickness much faster than when taller; tall stems,
owing to exposure, are apt to become bark-bound
and unhealthy, increasing but slowly in girth, and
often requiring support. To have hybrid China
roses in perfection as pillar roses, they require
attention, and a superabundance of manure ; but
they will amply repay it, for a column twelve to
twenty feet high, covered with such roses as
Brennus, Blairii, Belle Parabere, Coccinea su-
perba, Fulgens, Fimbriata, General Lamarque,
George the Fourth, King of Roses, Petit Pierre,
E 4
56 THE SUMMEE ROSE GARDEN.
or Triomphe d' Angers, &c. &c., would be one of
the finest garden ornaments it is possible to con-
ceive. To make these varieties grow with the
necessary luxuriance each plant should have a
circle, three or four feet in diameter, to itself ;
and if the soil is poor it should be dug out two
feet in depth, and filled up with rotten mature
and loam. This compost must be laid consider-
ably (say one foot) above the surface of the sur-
rounding soil, so as to allow for settling : in shallow
or wet soils they will grow the better for being on
a permanent mound. Plant a single plant in the
centre of this mound, or, if you wish for a va-
riegated pillar, plant two plants in the same hole,
the one a pale-coloured or white, the other a dark
variety : cover the surface with manure, and re-
plenish this as soon as it is drawn in by the worms
or washed in by the rains. Water with liquid
manure in dry weather, and probably you will
have shoots eight to ten feet in length the first
season. I scarcely know whether to recommend
grafted roses on short stems for this purpose, or
plants on their own roots ; this will in a great
measure depend upon the soil, and perhaps it will
be as well to try both. Most roses acquire ad-
ditional vigour by being worked on the Dog Rose,
but some of the robust varieties of this family
grow with equal luxuriance when on their own
roots; finally, for dry and sandy soils I am inclined
to recommend the latter.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 57
I shall now proceed to give a list of those roses
from which, in combination with others, choice
seedlings may be raised.
Aurora, a most beautiful purple rose, often
striped with white, may be made a seed-bearing
rose of much interest ; if self-coloured roses are
desired it should be planted with Athelin, which
has abundance of pollen ; if striped and variegated
roses, the Village Maid rose may be planted with
it. The Duke of Devonshire, in a very warm
and dry soil, will produce heps in tolerable abun-
dance ; and as it is inclined to be striped, it would
possibly form a beautiful combination with the
French rose Tricolor, which should be planted
with it.
Souvenir d'une Mere, a very large and most
beautiful rose, will bear seed if fertilised ; the best
union for this rose would perhaps be Celine, which
is one of the most abundant seed-bearing roses we
possess : very large and brilliant rose-coloured
varieties would probably be originated from these
roses in combination.
Kiego, which partakes of the sweet briar, might
be made the parent of some beautiful briar-like
roses by planting it with the Splendid Sweet
Briar.
General Allard, a hybrid Bourbon rose, from
which Monsieur Laffay has raised his new per-
petual rose, " Madame Laffay," is much inclined
to give a second series of flowers ; this rose should
58 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
be planted in a very warm border, or trained
against a south wall with Bourbon Gloire de
Rosomene, and if carefully fertilised with it some
beautiful crimson autumnal roses would probably
be originated.
Henry Barbet is also a hybrid Bourbon rose of
great beauty. This should be planted with Tri-
omphe d' Angers, with which it may be fertilised,
but as the latter has but a small portion of pollen,
and the former a great abundance, the process may
be reversed; if seed can be procured from Tri-
omphe d' Angers it must produce fine flowers, as
it is one of the most beautiful and fragrant of
roses.
Petit Pierre, although very double, bears abun-
dance of seed; as this is a fine and large rose
deepness of colour might be given by planting it
with the French rose, La Majestueuse. Legouve
with the Tuscany would probably originate a fine
class of rich dark crimson roses, of which at pre-
sent we possess but few that are really perfect in
form and colour. Time will most probably put us
in possession of many other seed-bearing hybrid
China roses ; at present, those recommended are
all that can be depended upon.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 59
THE WHITE ROSE.
(ROSA ALBA.)
Rosa Alba, or the White Rose, so called be-
cause the original species is white, is a native of
middle Europe, and was introduced to our gardens
in 1597. In some of the old farm and cottage
gardens of Hertfordshire and Essex a semi-double
variety is frequent ; this is but a slight remove
from the single flowering original species, and
grows luxuriantly without culture in any neg-
lected corner. The roses of this division may be
easily distinguished by their green shoots, leaves of
a glaucous green, looking as if they were covered
with a greyish impalpable powder, and flowers
generally of the most delicate colours, graduating
from pure white to a bright but delicate pink.
Attila is one of the deepest coloured varieties
of this division, with large and partially cupped
flowers of a perfect shape. Belle Clementine, an
old but very pretty variety, a hybrid departing in
a slight degree from the characters of the group,
often produces flowers finely mottled ; it is a lux-
uriant grower, and forms a fine standard. Blanche
Superbe, or Blanche de Belgique is a much older
variety than the preceding, with all the characters
of this division, and producing very large and
double flowers of the purest white. Blush hip is
a hybrid, possessing more of the characters of this
60 THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN.
division than of any other, consequently it is
placed in it : this is a fine and free-growing rose
always beautiful. Bullata is a curious but pretty
variety, with large foliage and tinted white flowers,
forming a robust and fine standard. Camellise-
flora, a small but very pretty pure white rose,
with cupped flowers, possesses all the characters
of the species, and is quite worthy of cultivation.
Due de Luxembourg, a hybrid, is a most beautiful
and unique rose, producing globular flowers of
the largest size: the exterior of the petals is
almost white, the interior of a bright rosy purple,
at once singular and pleasing. Fatime is a pretty
rose, its colour not pure white, but tinted with a
delicate pink in the centre of the flower ; this is
peculiar to roses of this family, and in general it
is very pleasing. Fanny Sommerson, a new and
very fine variety, is a most robust grower, pro-
ducing rose-coloured flowers, extremely double,
and finely shaped, a little imbricated, but so per-
fect that this variety may be considered a good
show-rose. Felicite is also a new and beautiful
rose ; its flowers are exactly like a fine double ra-
nunculus, of a most delicate flesh-colour : this is a
distinct and fine rose.
Ferox is a most anomalous variety of this
family, for most of its members are thornless, but
this is completely covered with those fierce de-
fenders ; its flowers are of a pretty tinted white,
very double and perfect. Josephine and Josephine
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 61
Beauharnais must both be mentioned, as they are
so often confounded: the first is a most robust
grower, producing in large clusters flowers not
very double, of a delicate pink ; the latter has
large globular flowers, very double, white, tinted
with rosy buff. La Seduisante is most appro-
priately named ; it is not a new variety, but a rose
most perfect in shape and beautiful in colour.
Madame Campan is a hybrid departing a little
from the characters of the species, but producing
flowers of a bright rose finely mottled with white,
of first-rate excellence. Princesse de Lamballe is
one of the finest in this division, possessing all the
characters of the species in its foliage, branches
and flowers : these are of the purest white, and of
the most perfect and beautiful shape. Queen of
Denmark, an old but estimable variety, produces
flowers of first-rate excellence as prize-flowers:
so much was this esteemed when first raised from
seed, that plants were sent from Germany to this
country at five guineas each. Sophie de Marsilly,
a new variety is a most delicate and beautiful
mottled rose, with flowers very double and perfect
in shape. Viridis is the far-famed green rose of
France, which has several times been brought to
this country and sold as a great rarity: it is
curious, for its flowers are nearly green till fully
expanded.
The varieties of this family form a, beautiful
mass, not by any means gay and dazzling but
62 THE SUMMER KOSE GARDEN.
chaste and delicate, and contrast well with groups
of the dark varieties of Rosa gallica and hybrid
China roses; they also make good standards, often
growing to a large size and uniting well with the
stock: they always bloom abundantly and bear
close pruning ; in this respect they may be treated
as recommended for the French roses.
THE DAMASK ROSE.
(EosA DAMASCENA.)
The " Damask Rose" is a name familiar to
every reader of English poetry, as it has been
eulogised more than any other rose, and its colour
described with a poet's licence. In these glowing
descriptions the truth, as is frequently the case in
poetry, has been entirely lost sight of; for in plain
unvarnished prose it must be stated that the
original Damask Rose, and the earlier varieties,
such as must have been the roses of our poets,
though peculiarly fragrant, are most uninteresting
plants; however we must not ungratefully de-
preciate them, for they are the types of our present
new, beautiful, and fragrant varieties. The original
species with single flowers is said to be a native of
Syria, from whence it was introduced to Europe
in 1573: varieties of it are still grown in the
gardens of Damascus. The branches of the
Damask rose are green, long, and diffuse in their
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN. 63
growth; leaves pubescent, and in general placed
far asunder; prickles on most of the varieties
abundant. To those old members of this family,
the red and the white monthly, which by some
peculiar excitability often put forth flowers in
warm moist autumns, nearly all our perpetual
roses owe their origin, so that we can now depend
upon having roses as fragrant in October as in
June. The York and Lancaster rose, with pale
striped flowers, is one of the oldest varieties of
this division in our gardens. There is perhaps a
little too much sameness of character in some of
the varieties of the Damask rose ; their gradations
of colour are sometimes too delicate to be distinct,
but the following may be depended upon as fine
leading sorts.
Arlinde, a beautifully-formed rose, of a delicate
rose colour, is not a pure damask, as its foliage is
less pubescent than in some other varieties. Angele
is a pretty bright-coloured rose, very double and
distinct. Blanche borde de Rouge is a fine rose
when it opens well, but in moist weather its petals
are too numerous to expand freely ; sometimes its
flowers are pure white, at others finely margined
with purplish red. Bachelier, so named from a
Belgian amateur, is one of the finest show-roses
in this division, producing large double compact
flowers, of a fine rose-colour, and very perfect
shape. Climene is a new variety with rather
small beautifully- shaped flowers of a very brilliant
64 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
rose colour. Couronne Blanche is a pure Damask
rose, distinct in habit, and a pretty white variety.
Coralie is a beautifully formed rose, of a pale
flesh- colour, with rosy centre, to which several of
this family are inclined. Deesse Flore is a first-
rate variety, with flowers rather larger than
Coralie, and much like it in colour : when about
half expanded they are most beautiful.
Imperatrice is not a pure Damask rose, but
very nearly allied. This is a large compact rose,
very robust, and distinct in habit. La Fiancee
seems a hybrid between the Globe Hip and the
Damask, a pretty shaded rose, nearly white, with
a pale rosy centre. La Ville de Bruxelles is a
new variety, with rose-coloured flowers, very large
and double : this is a distinct and fine rose. Lady
Fitzgerald is a beautiful rose, most valuable in
this division, as its brilliant rose-coloured flowers
are so conspicuous in a clump of Damask roses ;
this is not a pure Damask rose, but very nearly
so : its foliage when young is a little stained with
the colouring matter of some variety of Rosa
gallica, which much adds to its beauty. Ma
Favorite is a very small rose, of a delicate flesh-
colour, and exceedingly neat and pretty. Madame
Hardy was raised from seed in the Luxembourg
gardens, by Monsieur Hardy in 1832 ; this is not
a pure Damask rose, as its leaves have scarcely
any pubescence ; but a more magnificent rose does
not exist, for its luxuriant habit and large and
THE SUMMER HOSE GARDEN. 65
finely shaped flowers place it quite first among
the white roses.
Madame de Maintenon is a pretty delicate rose
with deeper colouring towards its centre : this is
a new variety, and has not yet bloomed quite in
perfection. Moheleda is a hybrid Damask, with
large double rose-coloured flowers, prettily marbled :
this is a new and good rose. The Painted Damask
is a rose which for some time to come will be a
favourite, as it is distinct and beautiful ; its large
and thick foliage and painted flowers are quite
unique, but, like most of the variegated roses, it is
a little inconstant, as its flowers are sometimes
pure white ; in general, however, the outer edge
of each petal is tinged with a fine purple.
Some pretty and interesting varieties have lately
been added to these favourites of the poets. The
Duke of Cambridge — which I at first thought a
Hybrid China, will perhaps be better grouped
with the Damask roses, of which it largely par-
takes— is a very fine rose, of a vivid rose colour,
and robust luxuriant growth. Belle d'Auteuil
is a large and perfect show-rose of great beauty
when flowering in perfection. Bella Donna is a
true Damask rose, bearing a profusion of delicate
pink or bright rose-coloured flowers. Adonis,
as a pretty pale blush or rosy white variety, is
quite worth cultivation.
Some new Damask roses, of deeper colours than
we have hitherto possessed, now give an increased
F
66 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
interest to this elegant family : among these,
Chateaubriand is remarkable for its brilliant red
flowers, very perfect and beautiful in shape. Louis
the Sixteenth has flowers rather deeper in colour
than the preceding: this is a distinct and good
rose: but La Negresse is by far the darkest Damask
rose known; its flowers are of a deep crimson
purple. Blanche Davilliers and Pulcherie are
two pure white roses; the latter, in particular,
most elegant and beautiful. Semiramis is quite
novel in colour, and a most perfect and beautiful
rose : the centre of the flower is of a bright fawn-
colour, its marginal petals are of a delicate rose.
This fine variety ought to be in every collection.
Penelope is remarkable for its fine foliage ; the
edges of its leaves tinged with red ; flowers of a
very deep rose, globular, large, and distinct.
The roses of this neat and elegant family have
a pretty effect arranged in a mass ; like the varie-
ties of Eosa alba, they are so beautiful in contrast
with the dark roses : they also form fine standards,
more particularly Madame Hardy and the Painted
Damask, which will grow into magnificent trees,
if their culture is attended to. The pruning re-
commended for Eosa gallica will also do for these
roses.
The only roses of this family that bear seed
freely are the Purple Damask or Jersey Eose,
which should be planted with Imperatrice. From
this union large and very double roses might be
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 67
expected ; and the Painted Damask, if some of its
central petals were removed, would probably bear
seed : if fertilised with the Purple Damask some
fine variegated roses might possibly be originated.
Bella Donna with Lady Fitzgerald would produce
some brilliant coloured roses, which are much
wanted in this family.
THE SCOTCH ROSE.
(ROSA SPINOSISSIMA.)
The varieties of this distinct and pretty family
owe their origin to the Dwarf Wild Rose of the
North of England and Scotland, nearly all of them
having been raised from seed by the Scotch nur-
serymen : in some of their catalogues two or three
hundred names are given, but in many cases these
names are attached to flowers without distinctive
qualities. In my catalogue the names of a few of
the best varieties are given, but even these vary
much with the seasons ; for I remarked that in the
summer of 1836, after the peculiar cold and un-
genial spring, and again in 1837, they departed
much from their usual characters, and bloomed
very imperfectly ; in warm and early seasons
they flower in May, and are then highly orna-
mental.
The following varieties have generally proved
good and distinct. Aimable Etrangere, a French
F 2
68 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
hybrid with very double pure white flowers. Ade-
laide, a large red rose, double, and a good variety,
Blanda is one of the best of the numerous marbled
Scotch roses, as these are generally much alike.
Countess of Glasgow, Daphne, Erebus, and Flora,
are all good vivid-coloured dark roses, varying in
their shades, and very pretty. Guy Mannering is
a large and very double blush rose, distinct and
good. La Cenomane is a French hybrid, pure
white, with large and very double flowers ; a beau-
tiful rose, but not so robust as the pure Scotch
varieties. La Neige is deserving of its name, for
it is of the purest white, and very double and good.
Lady Baillie, Marchioness of Lansdowne, and
Mrs. Hay, are all pretty, pale sulphur-coloured
roses : from the seed of these it is very probable
that some good yellow varieties may, at some
future time, be raised.
Painted Lady is a French hybrid; white,
striped with red, but rather inconstant, as its
flowers are often pure white : when it blooms in
character, it is a charming little rose. Princess
Elizabeth and the Queen of May are both bright
pink varieties, very distinct and pretty. The True
Yellow is a hybrid raised in France, and in most
seasons is a pretty sulphur-coloured rose, much
admired; but in very hot weather it fades very
soon to. white : this was the case more particularly
this summer (1837); it seemed much influenced,
in common with the other Scotch roses, by the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 69
cold spring and the rapid transition to hot weather.
William the Fourth is the largest white pure
Scotch rose known; a luxuriant grower, and a
good variety. Venus is an excellent dark rose,
with very double flowers and distinct character.
Scotch roses may be grown as standards, and
the yellow, and one or two of the more robust
varieties, made good heads ; but in general they
form a round and lumpish tree, in ill accordance
with good taste : when grown in beds or clumps,
as dwarfs, they are beautiful, and in early seasons
they will bloom nearly a fortnight before the other
summer roses make their appearance; this, of
course, makes them desirable appendages to the
flower-garden. They bear seed profusely; and
raising new varieties from seed will be found a
most interesting employment. To do this, all that
is required is to sow the seed as soon as ripe, in
October, in pots or beds of fine earth, covering it
with nearly one inch of mould; the succeeding
spring they will come up, and bloom in perfection
the season following.
With the exception of La Cenomane, Painted
Lady, and the True Yellow, all the Scotch roses
bear seed most abundantly : if this seed is sown
indiscriminately numerous varieties may be raised,
and many of them very interesting ; but the aim
should be to obtain varieties with large and very
double crimson flowers : this can only be done by
slightly hybridising, and to effect this it will be
F 3
70 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
necessary to have a plant or two of the Tuscany,
and one of Superb Tuscany, or La Majestueuse,
trained to a south wall, so that their flowers are
expanded at the same time as the Scotch roses in
the open borders : unless thus forced they will be
too late. Any dark red varieties of the Scotch
roses, such as Venus, Atro Rubra, or Flora,
should be planted separately from others, and
their flowers fertilised with the above French
roses : some very original deep-coloured varieties
will probably be obtained by this method. Sul-
phurea and one or two other straw-coloured
varieties may be planted with the Double Yellow
Austrian Briar, and most likely some pretty
sulphur-coloured roses will be the result of this
combination.
THE SWEET BRIAR.
(EOSA RUBIGINOSA.)
Who knows not the Sweet Briar? the Eglan-
tine, that plant of song, the rhyme of which
jingles so prettily, that nearly all our poets, even
love-stricken rustics, have taken advantage of its
sweet sound.
" I will give to my love the Eglantine,"
has been often the beginning of a country lover's
song ; but in sober truth, every one must love this
simplest and sweetest of flowers, for what odour
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 71
can surpass that emanating from a bush of Sweet
Briar in the dewy evenings of June ? It pleases
not the eye, for the single Sweet Briar bears
flowers, in comparison with other roses, quite in-
conspicuous ; but it gratifies in a high degree by
its delicious perfume, and gives to the mind most
agreeable associations, for it is so often (at least
in Hertfordshire) the inhabitant of the pretty
English cottage-garden — such a garden as one
sees nowhere but in England. The Single Sweet
Briar is a native plant, growing in dry and chalky
soils in some of the southern counties; from it
the following varieties, with some others, have
been originated, more or less hybridised. The
Cluster Sweet Briar, with semi-double rosy lilac
flowers. The Celestial, a beautiful little rose,
with flowers very double and fragrant, of the
palest flesh-colour, approaching to white. Hes-
soise, or Petite Hessoise, is a pretty French
hybrid, with bright rose-coloured flowers, and
leaves not so fragrant as some others. The Mon-
strous Sweet Briar is a very old variety, with
large and very double flowers, distinct and good.
Maiden's Blush and Manning's Blush are both
double and pretty, with fragrant leaves like the
original. Eose Angle Sweet Briar is a new va-
riety, raised from seed by Mr. Martin, of Eose
Angle, near Dundee : this produces large and
very double flowers, of a bright rose-colour ; its
foliage is also very fragrant. The Splendid Sweet
F 4
72 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Briar is really a splendid rose, with large light
crimson flowers, but its foliage is not very fra-
grant. The Scarlet, or La Belle Distinguee, or
Lee's Duchess, or La Petite Duchesse, for they
are one and the same, is a pretty bright red, small,
and compact rose, very distinct and good, but its
leaves are entirely scentless.
Sweet Briars form a pretty group, interesting
from their origin and associations, and pleasing
from their fragrance and peculiar neatness ; they
make also pretty trees, particularly on " petites
tiges," as the French term them : they require the
same culture as the other hardy roses.
Humble as are the claims of the Sweet Briar
when contrasted with the gorgeous beauty of some
of our new roses, yet it is so decidedly English,
that raising new varieties from seed will I am
sure be found interesting.
The Scarlet may be planted with the Splendid
Briar, which so abounds in pollen that fertilising
will be found very easy. The Carmine with the
semi-doubled Scarlet will also give promising
seed ; the beauty of their flowers might be in-
creased by hybridising with some of the French
roses, but then their Sweet Briar-like character
would be lost, and with that a great portion of
their interest.
The Hybrid China Rose, Kiego, if planted with
the Splendid Briar, would produce seed from
which large and very fragrant double roses might
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 73
be expected, and these would partake largely of
the character of the Sweet Briar.
THE AUSTRIAN BRIAR.
(EOS A LUTE A.)
The Austrian Briar, a native of the South of
Europe, is found on the hills of the North of
Italy, producing copper or red, as well as yellow
flowers ; but, strange to say, though the flowers
are invariably single, yet they never produce seed.
In this country also it is with extreme difficulty,
and only by fertilising its flowers, that seed can be
perfected : if the flowers are examined they will
all be found deficient in pollen, which accounts
for this universal barrenness. A Double Copper
Austrian Briar is yet a desideratum.
The Copper or Ked Austrian, the Capucine of
the French, is a most singular rose ; the inside of
each petal is of a bright copper red, the outside
inclining to sulphur : this*- rose is most impatient
of a smoky atmosphere, and will not put forth a
single bloom within ten or twelve miles of Lon-
don. The Double Yellow, or Williams's Double
Yellow Sweet Briar, is a pretty double rose,
raised from the Single Yellow Austrian by Mr.
Williams, of Pitmaston, a few years since : this
blooms more freely than the original species, and
is a most desirable variety. Kosa Harrisonii is
74 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
also a double yellow rose, said to have been raised
from seed in America, and sent from thence to
this country about four years since: this has
proved one of the most beautiful of yellow roses ;
its flowers before expansion are globular, but a
hot sun makes them expand and lose much of
their beauty. It is a more robust grower than
the Double Yellow Sweet Briar; its flowers are
also a little larger, and do not fade so soon. The
Single Yellow is the most brilliant yellow rose we
yet possess ; and it will probably be the parent of
some double varieties, its equal in colour.
To this peculiar family of roses a few new va-
rieties have been added. Cuivre Rouge, a curious
hybrid, partaking of the Boursault Rose, with
smooth thornless branches and dull reddish single
flowers, and the Superb Double Yellow Briar, a
seedling raised by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston,
from the same rose, and, I believe, at the same
time, as the Double Yellow Briar. This has larger
and more double flowers, but they are perhaps not
so bright in colour, which might be owing to the
excessive wet weather during its flowering season,
as it bloomed here for the first time in the summer
of 1839. A third variety is also in my possession,
the Globe Yellow, a very pretty pale yellow rose,
of humble growth: this variety was raised in
Italy.
A new yellow rose has been given to us from
that land of flowers, Persia. This was introduced
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 75
to the gardens of the Horticultural Society of
London in 1838, and is now called the Persian
Yellow Rose. In habit it is so exactly like the
Single Yellow Austrian Briar as not to be dis-
tinguished from it: it seems to grow readily
budded on the Dog Rose, as my plants this season
have made shoots three feet or more in length : in
colour it is of a deeper yellow than Rosa Harri-
sonii ; its flowers are quite double, cupped, and not
so liable to become reflexed as that very pretty and
brilliant rose. Like the Yellow Austrian Briar,
it loves a pure air and rich soil, and will probably
bloom as freely. It bloomed beautifully in the
garden of the Horticultural Society, even on a
very small plant in a pot. Numerous seedlings
have been raised from Rosa Harrisonii, but all that
have come under my notice have proved inferior
to their parent.
To bloom them in perfection Austrian Briars
require a moist soil and dry pure air ; but little
manure is necessary, as they grow freely in any
tolerably good and moist soil ; neither do they
require severe pruning, but merely the strong
shoots shortened, and most of the twigs left on
the plant, as they, generally, produce flowers in
great abundance.
No family of roses offers such an interesting
field for experiments in raising new varieties from
seed as this. First, we have the Copper Austrian,
from which, although it is one of the oldest roses
76 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
in our gardens, a double flowering variety has
never yet been obtained. This rose is always
defective in pollen, and consequently it will not
bear seed unless its flowers are fertilised : as it
will be interesting to retain the traits of the spe-
cies, it should be planted with and fertilised by
the Double Yellow; it will then in warm dry
seasons produce seed not abundantly, but the
amateur must rest satisfied if he can procure even
one hep full of perfect seed. A French variety
of this rose called " Capucine de Semis " seems to
bear seed more freely, but as the colour of its
flowers is not so bright as the original, its seed,
even from fertilised flowers, would not be so
valuable.
The beautiful and brilliant Rosa Harrisonii,
however, gives the brightest hopes. This should
also be planted with the Double Yellow Briar; it
will then, as I had the pleasure of ascertaining
even the last unfavourable summer, bear seed
abundantly : no rose will perhaps show the effects
of fertilising its flowers more plainly than this,
and' consequently to the amateur it is the pleasing
triumph of art over nature. Every flower on my
experimental plants, not fertilised, proved abor-
tive, while, on the contrary, all those that were
so, produced large black spherical heps full of
perfect seed.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN, 77
THE DOUBLE YELLOW ROSE.
(EOSA SULPHUREA.)
The origin of this very old and beautiful rose,
like that of the Moss Eose, seems lost in ob-
scurity. In the botanical catalogues it is made a
species, said to be a native of the Levant*, and
never to have been seen in a wild state bearing
single flowers. It is passing strange, that this
double rose should have been always considered a
species. Nature has never yet given us a double
flowering species to raise single flowering varieties
from; but exactly the reverse. We are com-
pelled, therefore, to consider the parent of this
rose to be a species bearing single flowers. If
this single flowering species was a native of the
Levant, our botanists, ere now, would have dis-
covered its habitats: I cannot help, therefore,
suggesting, that to the gardens of the east of
Europe we must look for the origin of this rose ;
and to the Single Yellow Austrian Briar (Eosa
lutea), as its parent ; though that, in a state of
nature, seldom, if ever, bears seed, yet, as I have
proved, it will if its flowers are fertilised. I do
not suppose that the gardeners of the East knew
of this, now common, operation ; but it probably
was done by some accidental juxtaposition, and
thus, by mere chance, one of the most remarkable
* Introduced to our gardens in 1629.
78 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
and beautiful of roses was originated. From its
foliage having acquired a glaucous pubescence,
and its shoots a greenish-yellow tinge, in those
respects much unlike the Austrian Briar, I have
sometimes been inclined to impute its origin to
that rose, fertilised with a double or semi-double
variety of the Damask Rose, for that is also an
eastern plant.
As yet, we have but two roses in this division ;
the Double Yellow, or " Yellow Provence," with
large globular and very double bright yellow
flowers, and the Pompone Jaune, or dwarf Double
Yellow, both excessively shy of producing full-
blown flowers; though they grow in any mode-
rately good soil with great luxuriance, and show
an abundance of flower-buds ; but some " worm i'
the bud" generally causes them to fall off pre-
maturely. To remedy this, various situations
have been recommended : some have said, plant it
against a south wall; others, give it a northern
aspect, under the drip of some water-trough, as it
requires a wet situation. All this is quackery
and nonsense. The Yellow Provence Kose is a
native of a warm climate, and therefore requires
a warm situation, a free and airy exposure, and
rich soil.
At Burleigh, the seat of the Marquis of Exeter,
the effect of situation on this rose is forcibly
shown. A very old plant is growing against the
southern wall of the mansion, in a confined situ-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 79
ation, its roots cramped by a stone pavement ; it
is weakly, and never shows a flower-bud. In the
entrance court is another plant, growing in front
of a low parapet wall, in a good loamy soil and
free airy exposure ; this is in a state of the great-
est luxuriance, and blooms in fine perfection nearly
every season.
Mr. Mackintosh, the gardener, who kindly
pointed out these plants to me, thought the latter
a distinct and superior variety, as it was brought
from France by a French cook, a few years since ;
but it is certainly nothing but the genuine old
Double Yellow Rose.
In unfavourable soils it will often flourish and
bloom freely, if budded on the Musk Rose, the
Common China Rose, or the Blush Boursault;
but the following pretty method of culture, I beg
to suggest, though I must confess I have not yet
tried it : — Bud or graft it on some short stems of
the Dog Rose ; in the autumn, pot some of the
strongest plants, and, late in spring, force them
with a gentle heat, giving plenty of air. By this
method the dry and warm climate of Florence
and Genoa may, perhaps, be partially imitated ;
for there it blooms in such profusion, that large
quantities of its magnificent flowers are daily sold
in the markets during the rose season.
80 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
CLIMBING ROSES.
DIVISION FIRST. THE AYRSHIRE EOSE (EosA
ARVENSIS HYBRIDA).
It is the opinion of some cultivators, that the
varieties of the Ayrshire Eose have been origi-
nated from the Eosa arvensis, or creeping single
White Eose of our woods and hedges. But this
is contradicted by botanists, who assert, that the
original Ayrshire Eose was raised in Scotland
from foreign rose seed : it may have been ; but to
judge from its habit, I feel no hesitation in assert-
ing, that it is merely a seedling hybrid from our
Eosa arvensis, having acquired much additional
vigour, as all hybrid roses nearly invariably do,
from some accidental impregnation: perhaps no
rose can be more luxuriant than this ; for the
Single Ayrshire, and that semi-double variety,
known as the Double White, will often make
shoots in one season, twenty to thirty feet in
length. Several of our prettiest varieties have
been raised from seed by Mr. Martin, of Eose
Angle, Dundee ; but the first in the Catalogue,
the Ayrshire Queen, the only dark Ayrshire Eose
known, was originated by myself, in 1835, from
the Blush Ayrshire, impregnated with the Tus-
cany Eose. But one seed germinated, and the
plant produced has proved a complete hybrid.
Its flowers are of the same shape, and not more
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 81
double than those of the Blush Ayrshire, its fe-
male parent ; but they have all the dark purplish
crimson of the Tuscany Rose. It has lost a por-
tion of the vigorous climbing habit of the Ayr-
shire, but yet makes an excellent pillar rose.
Till we can get a dark Ayrshire Rose, double as
a Ranunculus, it will be acceptable. The Double
Blush, or Double Red of some catalogues, is a
pretty early rose, a vigorous climber, and as a
standard forms a beautiful umbrella-shaped tree.
Bennet's Seedling* is a new variety found grow-
ing among some briars, by a gardener, of the
name of Bennet, in Nottinghamshire. It is said
to be a very pretty double and fragrant rose.
Dundee Rambler is the most double, and one of
the best in this division ; it blooms in very large
clusters, much in the Noisette fashion, and is
truly a desirable rose. Elegans, or the Double
White, is one of our oldest varieties ; its flowers
are semi-double, and, individually, not pretty, as
their petals in hot weather are very flaccid ; but
then it blooms in such large clusters, and grows
so vigorously, that it forms an admirable Wilder-
ness Rose. Jessica is a pretty, delicate pink
variety, distinct and good. Rose Angle Blush is
like Jessica in its colour, but is much more lux-
uriant in its habit. I am sure that this rose in
strong soils will make shoots in one season more
than twenty feet in length.
* Rosa Thoresbj ana of the Floricultural Cabinet.
G
82 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Lovely Rambler, or the Crimson Ayrshire, is
too semi-double, and its petals too flaccid, to be
much esteemed ; it is mentioned here to prevent
its two imposing names from misleading the ama-
teur. Myrrh-scented : this name has been ap-
plied to two or three roses having the same pecu-
liar scent ; this variety has semi-double flowers of
a creamy blush. Queen of the Belgians is a fine
rose, with very double flowers, of a pure white ;
this is a most vigorous climber, soon forming a
pillar fifteen or twenty feet high. Ruga is now a
well-known variety, said to be a hybrid between
the Tea-scented China Rose and the Common
Ayrshire ; it is a most beautiful and fragrant rose.
Splendens is a new variety, with very large-
cupped flowers, of a creamy blush ; this rose has
also that peculiar " Myrrh-scented " fragrance.
Ayrshire Roses are some of them, perhaps, sur-
passed in beauty by the varieties of Rosa semper-
virens ; still they have distinct and desirable qua-
lities: they bloom nearly a fortnight earlier than
the roses of that division ; they will grow where
no other rose will exist ; and to climb up the stems
of timber trees in plantations near frequented
walks, and to form undergrowth, they are admi-
rably well adapted : they also make graceful and
beautiful standards, for the ends of the branches
descend and shade the stems, which, in conse-
quence, increase rapidly in bulk. It seems pro-
bable that Ayrshire Roses will grow to an enor-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 83
mous size as standards, and surpass in the beauty
of their singular dome-shaped heads many other
roses more prized for their rarity.
The following extract from the Dundee Courier
of July llth, 1837, will give some idea how
capable these roses are of making even a wilderness
a scene of beauty : —
"Some years ago, a sand pit at Ellangowan
was filled up with rubbish found in digging a
well. Over this a piece of rock was formed for the
growth of plants which prefer such situations, and
amongst them were planted some hah0 dozen plants
of the Double Ayrshire Rose, raised in this neigh-
bourhood about ten years ago. These roses now
most completely cover the whole ground, a space
of thirty feet by twenty. At present they are in
full bloom, showing probably not less than ten
thousand roses in this small space."
CLIMBING ROSES.
DIVISION SECOND. ROSA MLTLTIFLORA.
The Rosa multiflora, or many-flowered rose, is
a native of Japan, from whence it was brought by
Thunberg, and introduced into this country in
1804. Several of the varieties in the catalogue
have been raised in Italy, where these pretty roses
flourish and bear seed abundantly. In the neigh-
bourhood of Florence the Double Red may be seen
a 2
84 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
climbing to an enormous extent, and large plants',
completely covered with thousands of its very
double and perfect flowers, having a fine appear-
ance. The Single White is also grown in Italy ;
from this I have this season (1837) raised several
hundreds of seedlings ; the seed I received from
Signor Crivelli, of Como, an Italian Rose amateur,,
very much devoted to gardening ; all the varieties
of this family are interesting, as they differ sa
much from other roses. Alba, or the Double
White, is rather a misnomer, for it is not pure
white, but rather a pale flesh-colour, pretty and
distinct. Crivellii is a new variety, and one of
the prettiest; its flowers are of a brilliant and
changeable red, very unique ; it is a free grower,,
and well deserves attention. Elegant is a most
beautiful little rose, changing from blush to nearly
pure white : it is a little hybridised, and con-
sequently more hardy than the true Rosa multi-
flora. Fragrans is a most robust growing variety*
but it has not yet bloomed in this country. Scarlet
Grevillia or Russelliana is a hybrid, differing much
in character from the other varieties of this family;
it is more hardy, but does not climb so freely;
still it is a beautiful and distinct rose: its large
clusters of shaded crimson flowers have a fine
effect on a pillar. Grevillia, or the Seven Sisters*
Rose, is a vigorous climber, blooming in large
clusters, which show a curious diversity of colours;
for, soon after expansion, the flowers change from
THE SUMMER HOSE GAKDEN. 85
Crimson to purplish rose, and then to pale rose ; so
that in the clusters may be seen three or four
shades, from rose to deep purplish crimson. In
wet soils, it is often killed to the ground by the
winter's frost: even in warm situations, and if
-covered with mats, it shoots so early that when
uncovered it cannot endure the cold of spring. It
would probably form a fine pillar rose, if thatched
in November with green furze or whin, which
•admits air and yet keeps off the severity of the
frost. This covering may continue till March,
and then must not be removed at once, but at
twice or thrice; as want of caution in not re-
moving their winter covering gradually is the
death of thousands of half-hardy plants. If a
plant is protected with spray or furze, remove half
in mild weather in March, and let the remainder
continue a week or fortnight longer, being regu-
lated by the weather. The treatment of the
Grevillia Rose as a pillar may be applied to all the
varieties of Rosa multiflora, except Eusselliana,
as they are impatient of cold. Hybrida, or Laure
Davoust, is a hybrid, and a most elegant and beau-
tiful rose, having all the peculiar neatness of the
double red and white varieties, with larger flowers
and more beautiful foliage. This is one of the
prettiest climbing roses known. A Genevese
friend informs me that some pillars of this rose at
Geneva are thirty feet high, and covered with
flowers the greater part of summer. Kubra is
a 3
86 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
our oldest variety, but still interesting and pretty.
Large plants of this rose may sometimes be seen,
seldom putting forth flowers; this is owing to
severe pruning, or to the winter killing the small
spray-like shoots, from which they are generally
produced. Superba is a variety approaching the
Grevillia Kose in appearance, but much more
dwarf and hardy.
These roses have but few adaptations. I have
given under Grevillia Kose their culture as pillar
roses : for these and for warm situations against
walls, they are very ornamental : they also bloom
in the greatest perfection as standards, but they
will require removing to a warm shed in winter.
Grafted on short stems and grown in large pots,
they bloom freely, and form pretty objects, as
they produce their myriads of elegant flowers the
greater part of summer.
THE EVERGREEN ROSE.
(ROSA SEMPERVIRENS.)
The original of this beautiful family is the Rosa
sempervirens, the climbing Wild Rose of Italy,
with small single white flowers, and foliage nearly
evergreen. Monsieur Jacques, the chief gardener
at the Chateau de Neuilly, has had the pleasure
of originating most of the varieties now in cul-
tivation; two or three he has named after the
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 87
daughters of his royal master, King Louis Phi-
lippe: Adelaide d'Orleans is one of these, and
a very pretty and excellent rose it is, with dark
shining green foliage, and beautiful shaded pale
rose-coloured flowers ; in the Floricultural Cabinet
for September, 1837, a figure of it is given, which
is as like a sunflower as this pretty and distinct
rose. Banksia3flora is more fragrant than the ge-
nerality of these roses ; it seems hybridised in a
trifling degree with the old Musk Rose, which has
probably imparted a little of its delightful per-
fume; this has small and very double white
flowers. Brunonii is not a true Sempervirens, but
approaching so near in its habit, that it cannot be
placed in any other division with propriety. It
has more colour than usual in roses of this family,
as they are all inclined to pale flesh-colour, or
white. This is of a vivid rose-colour, and very
pretty and distinct. Carnea grandiflora: this
name conveys an accurate description, as its
flowers are large and flesh-coloured. Donna Maria
is of the purest white, with fine dark green foliage,
and very double flowers ; a good and distinct rose.
Eximia is a new variety, that has not yet bloomed
here : it has been described as ff rose edged with
white." In habit, it is much like Indica major.*
Felicite perpetue has been sold as " Noisette flora-
bunda," " Noisette compacta," " Mademoiselle
* After waiting three years, this rose has bloomed, and proved
nothing but Rosa Indica Major.
G 4
88 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Euphrasie," " Abelard sempervirens : " and pro-
bably under some other high-sounding appellations,
for it is a general favourite, and justly so, as it is
one of the most beautiful of roses. No plant can
be more lovely than a large specimen of this rose,
covered with its double ranunculus-like cream-
coloured flowers. It will not bloom if pruned
much ; therefore its shoots must be tied in their
full length, and thinned out if too numerous, but
not shortened.
Jaunatre is a new variety, with yellowish-white
flowers. This is evidently hybridised with the
Musk or Noisette Kose, as it is fragrant.
Melanie de Montjoie has large flowers of the
purest white, and foliage very abundant and beau-
tiful, of a shining dark green, contrasting finely
with its flowers.
Myrianthes, sometimes called Eanunculacea, is
a charming plant : its flowers are so perfectly and
elegantly shaped, and their colour so delicate,
that, if not the most beautiful of all, it is one
among them. Plena is also known as Semper-
virens major, and as the Double White Noisette.
This is our oldest double variety, and a very good
rose. Princesse Louise and Princesse Marie* I
have found so much alike, that I have not entered
the latter in the catalogue, Princesse Louise is a
fine and vigorous-growing variety, with flowers
* I have recently received the true Princesse Marie, a very
pretty rose-coloured rose.
THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN. 89
very double and prettily cupped. Rampant, as
its name implies, is a most vigorous and rampant
grower, and a very pretty pure white rose. This
will cover a wall or building with nearly as much
rapidity as the common Ayrshire. Rose Foncee
has very dark shining green foliage, and varies in
the colour of its flowers ; for this season (1837)
they have not, by any means, been either a bright
or deep rose-colour, though in 1836 they were
very distinct and in character. Scandens is a
hybrid Sempervirens, having much of the Ayr-
shire habit, and making shoots of an immense
length in one season. Its flowers are of a delicate
buff when they first open, but they soon change
to a pale flesh-colour. Alice Grey is the poetical
name given to this rose by some nurserymen.
Spectabile, or Rose Ayez of some catalogues, is a
fine and distinct climbing rose, with bright rosy
lilac flowers, and curiously incised petals ; a most
vigorous-growing and desirable variety. Triomphe
de Bolwyller, or Sempervirens Odorata, is a
hybrid between the Rosa Sempervirens and the
Tea-scented China Rose, and decidedly the finest
climbing rose known ; its large globular flowers
are very fragrant, and much like Noisette La-
marque, differing slightly in colour. This rose
often blooms in the autumn, and that pleasing
quality makes it still more desirable.
The varieties of Rosa Sempervirens are of the
easiest culture, as they seem to flourish in all soils
90 THE SUMMER EOSE GARDEN.
and situations. In sheltered places and under trees
they are nearly evergreen, retaining their leaves
till spring. This makes them valuable for cover-
ing banks, trees, or walls. I know of no rose
idea prettier than that of a wilderness of evergreen
roses, the varieties planted promiscuously, and
suffered to cover the surface of the ground with
their entangled shoots. To effect this, the ground
should be dug, manured, and thoroughly cleaned
from perennial weeds, such as couch grass, &c.,
and the plants planted from three to five feet
asunder. If the soil is rich, the latter distance
will do; they must be hoed amongst, and kept
clean from weeds after planting, till the branches
meet ; they will then soon form a beautiful mass
of foliage and flowers, covering the soil too densely
for weeds of minor growth to flourish. Those
weeds that are more robust should be pulled out
occasionally, and this is all the culture they will
require ; for temples, columns, and verandahs,
their use is now becoming well known. One of
the most complete temples of roses is that at the
seat of Warner, Esq., Hoddesdon, Hert-
fordshire ; and the prettiest specimens of festoon-
ing these roses from one column to another, by
means of small iron chains (strong iron wire will
do), may be seen at Broxbourn Bury, near Hod-
desdon, the seat of Bosanquet, Esq. They
also form elegant and graceful standards ; like the
Ayrshire roses their shoots are pendulous, and soon
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 91
hide the stem, in a few years forming a pretty dome
of foliage and flowers; for covering the naked
stems of forest or ornamental trees they are also
very useful, as their roots will not injure the tree
which supports them ; and if strong copper wire
is brought loosely round the trunk of the tree to
support their branches, they will give scarcely any
trouble in such situations. To make them grow
vigorously, give them a supply of manure on the
surface, annually in the autumn, to be carried to
their roots by the rains of winter. In autumn or
winter pruning, their branches must be left their
full length, for, if shortened, they will make
prodigious long shoots the following season, but
produce no flowers ; as they are very flexible, they
can be laid in and twisted in any direction, but
the use of the knife must be avoided as much as
possible.
THE BOURSAULT ROSE.
(ROSA ALPINA.)
This is a most distinct group of roses, with long,
reddish, flexible shoots ; they are not such decided
climbers as the preceding three divisions, but they
are excellently well adapted for pillar roses : they
owe their origin to the Rosa Alpina, a single red
rose, a native of the Alps, and also of the hills in
the south of France. M. Boursault, formerly a
92 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
great Parisian Rose amateur, gave his name to the
group, by the first double variety, the Red, being
named after him. Blush, or Boursault Florida,
Calypso, White Boursault, Bengale Florida, Rose
de Lisle, &c., for it is known by all these names,
is a beautiful rose, and when trained up a pillar
its large and delicately-coloured flowers have a fine
effect ; the Tea-scented Roses budded on this rose
bloom in great perfection. Crimson, or Amadis,
is also a very fine pillar rose ; its clusters of large,
deep purple and crimson flowers are inclined to
be pendulous, consequently they have a fine effect
when on a tall pillar. Drummond's Thornless is
now an old variety, but it produces such a pro-
fusion of bright red flowers, that it ought to be in
every collection of climbing roses. Elegans is a
most beautiful vivid-coloured rose ; its purple and
crimson flowers are often striped with white : this
has a long succession of bloom, as it is one of the
earliest and latest of summer roses. Gracilis is a
hybrid, of the most vigorous growth in good soils,
often making shoots ten to twelve feet long in one
season ; unlike the other varieties of this division,
its shoots are covered with thorns. Nothing can
be more graceful than the luxuriant foliage of this
plant; it has also finely-cupped flowers, of the
most vivid rose-colour, and must be reckoned a
beautiful and desirable rose. Inermis, or Bour-
sault Pleine, is a pretty variety, with flowers of
a bright red, and a fine and luxuriant grower.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 93
The Red Boursault is our oldest variety, and,
though only semi-double, it is distinct, pretty, and
still a rose worth cultivating.
THE BANKSIAN ROSE.
(Eos A BANKSL^;.)
Among the Banksian Roses, botanists class
Rosa lasvigata, or sinica, a rose with peculiarly
glossy foliage, and large single white flowers. This
is a native of Georgia, also of Tartary and China,
and, very probably, is the plant from which the
Chinese derived our Double Banksian Roses. Rosa
sinica is also known as Rosa laevigata and Rosa
ternata.
Our popular Double White Banksian Rose is
almost universally known and admired. It was
introduced in 1807 ; and very large plants are now
to be seen in some situations : one in the garden
of Miss Chauncey, at Cheshunt, covers a wall of
immense extent. The flowers of the White
Banksian Rose have a slight violet-like perfume,
very agreeable. The Yellow Banksian Rose was
brought to this country in 1827. This is an
unique and beautiful variety, with scentless straw-*
coloured flowers, a little inclining to buff: they
are like the flowers of the white, very small and
double. Both these roses bloom early in May;
and large plants, covered with their clusters of
94 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
flowers, have a pretty, but most un-rose-like ap-
pearance. The Rose-coloured Banksian Rose is a
hybrid, with very bright rose-coloured flowers,
the whole plant partaking as much of the charac-
ter of the Boursault Rose as of the Banksian : in
fact, it is a most complete mule ; and though it
has lost a little too much caste in the shape and
size of its flowers — for they are a degree larger,
and not quite so double as those of the Banksian
Rose — it will prove a very pretty, bright-coloured
climber, and quite hardy. The Rosa Banksia
Odoratissima, lately introduced from France, and in
some catalogues said to have rose-coloured flowers,
in others rose-coloured margined with white, I
am fearful is a rose with a "nom d'affaire."
The true Banksian Roses are not adapted for
pillar roses, as they are too tender : they require
a wall, or very sheltered situation. Their very
early flowering, also, renders this quite necessary,
as the spring frosts, in cold exposures, destroy the
bloom in the bud. They bloom more freely in
dry than in wet, retentive soils, and they require
pruning with care, for none of the small and
twiggy branches should be shortened; but, if the
plant has a superabundance, some of them may be
removed. If their branches are shortened they
will not bloom, but put forth a profusion of strong
shoots. The flowers will be generally found in the
greatest abundance on these small and twiggy
branches, which at once points out the necessity
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 95
of their being left on the plant. Often, towards
the end of summer, large old plants will produce
immensely thick and strong shoots. These should
be removed early in autumn, unless they are
wanted to fill up a vacancy on the wall : the upper
part of the plant, and its flowering twigs, will then
not be exhausted in spring by them.
Banksian Roses seldom bear seed in this country;
but in the south of France, and in Italy, they
produce it in tolerable abundance ; so that we may
yet expect crimson and other coloured roses of
this charming family.
HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES.
These are hardy and strong-growing roses, the
origin of some of them not well ascertained.
Among them, Astrolabe is a pretty, bright-
coloured, and very double rose ; not so vigorous in
its growth as some others, but a distinct and good
variety. Clair is a single hybrid rose, with
small crimson flowers, said to be between Rosa
sempervirens and the Crimson China Rose, or Rosa
semperflorens. This is a singular and rather
pretty rose, blooming all the autumn : it will, pro-
bably, be the parent of some beautiful climbers,
as it bears seed freely. Indica major has perhaps
a dozen names ; for as " Rosa Bengalensis," " Ben-
galensis Scandens," and the " Walton Rose " of
96 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Essex, it is well known ; and last, but not least,
as "Rosa craculatum,"— a name given to it by
Mr. Wood of Maresfield. It is a fine robust
variety, nearly evergreen, and makes shoots from
ten to fifteen feet in length in one season. Its
flowers are large, nearly double, and of a delicate
pale rose-colour. This beautiful rose may be soon
made to cover the most unsightly buildings or
walls. Miller's Climber, from the nursery of Mr.
Miller of Bristol, is a pretty bright pink rose,
with small flowers, not quite double. Madame
d'Arblay, or Wells' White, has been till now
placed among Rosa sempervirens ; but its habit
is so different, and its origin so well ascertained,
that I have removed it to this division.
This robust variety was raised from seed some
years since by Mr. Wells of Redleaf, near Ton-
bridge Wells ; and, I believe, given by him to the
Messrs. Young of Epsom, from whom I received
it, under the name of Madame d'Arblay. In
strong soils it makes the most gigantic growth,
soon forming a tree or a pillar of the largest size :
its flowers are very double and pretty. The
Garland, or Wood's Garland, is also a seedling,
raised by Mr. Wells of Redleaf, I believe, from the
seed of the Noisette Rose. Like Madame d'Ar-
blay this is a vigorous grower, producing its
flowers in immense clusters. These are fragrant,
and change from white to pink after expansion.
Rosa elegans is a variety which has hitherto
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 97
been omitted in the catalogue. This is also known
as Bengale Elegante : it is a rose of most distinct
character, with cupped flowers, of the brightest
pink, and nearly double. It makes long flexible
shoots, and blooms in great profusion for a much
longer period than any other summer rose.
To Hybrid Climbing Roses a very singular
and pretty variety has been added. This I have
raised from Italian seed. It produces abundance
of flowers in large clusters, of a bright crimson
scarlet, nearly double, and, what is very rare
among climbing roses, they are very fragrant. I
have named this rose " Sir John Sebright," as I
have the honour of knowing that Sir John is a
great admirer of brilliant coloured climbing roses.
A new family of climbing roses has been lately
introduced from North America; we owe this
group to Eosa rubifolia, the Bramble-leaved Rose.
A Mr. Feast, nurseryman at Baltimore, has been
the originator of a few varieties, one of which is
described as being an autumnal bloomer. The
Queen of the Prairies is said to be one of the best
of these roses, producing its flowers in large clus-
ters, of a bright rose-colour ; its foliage is large,
and habit very robtbst. The plants have grown
very freely here this summer, but none of them
have yet produced flowers.
Among climbing roses but few can be found
that will bear seed in this country, the Ayrshire
Roses excepted, from some of which it is probable
H
98 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
that some fine and original climbers may be raised.
A most desirable object to obtain is a dark crim-
son Rosa ruga; this may possibly be accomplished
by planting that favourite rose with the Ayrshire
Queen,, and fertilising its flowers very carefully
with those of that dark rose. It is remarkable
that although these roses are both hybrids, from
species apparently very remote in their affinities,
yet both of them bear seed, even without being
fertilised. The Blush Ayrshire, a most abun-
dant seed-bearer, may be planted with the Ayr-
shire Queen, the Common Bourbon, Gloire de
Rosomene, the Double Yellow Briar, Single
Crimson Moss, Celine, Henri Barbet, the China
Rose, Fabvier, Tea Princesse Hellene (Luxem-
bourg), and its flowers fertilised with the pollen
of these roses ; if any combination can be effected,
pleasing results may reasonably be hoped for. To
(f make assurance doubly sure," the anthers of the
Ayrshire Rose should be removed from some of
the flowers with which the experiment is tried.
The Red Boursault Rose, planted with Athelin,
may perhaps be made the parent of some brilliant
red climbing roses.
Rose Clair, if planted against a south wall,
with Gloire de Rosomene, or fertilised with the
flowers of Athelin, Sir John Sebright, or the
Ayrshire Queen, would give some distinct and
curious varieties.
Sempervirens Scandens, of which the flowers
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 99
are buff when they first open, would be worth ex-
perimenting upon with the Double Yellow Briar;
as this is a most vigorous climber, its progeny >
however much of hybrids, would be sure to retain
enough of that desirable quality.
TREATMENT OF THE SEED, SOWING, &c.
The heps of all the varieties of roses will in
general be fully ripe by the beginning of Novem-
ber ; they should then be gathered and kept
entire, in a flower-pot filled with dry sand, care-
fully guarded from mice ; in February, or by the
first week in March, they must be broken to
pieces with the fingers, and sown in flower-pots,
such as are generally used for sowing seeds in,
called " seed-pans," but for rose seeds they should
not be too shallow ; nine inches hi depth will be
enough; these should be nearly, but not quite,
filled with a rich compost of rotten manure and
sandy loam or peat ; the seeds may be covered, to
the depth of about half an inch, with the same
compost ; a piece of kiln wire must then be placed
over the pot, fitting closely at the run, so as to
prevent the ingress of mice, which are passionately
fond of rose seeds ; there must be space enough
between the wire and the mould for the young
plants to come up, half an inch will probably be
found enough; the pots of seed must never be
H 2
100 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
placed under glass, but kept constantly in the
open air, in a full sunny exposure, as the wire
will shade the mould, and prevent its drying.
Water should be given occasionally in dry wea-
ther ; the young plants will perhaps make their
appearance in April or May, but very often the
seed does not vegetate till the second spring.
When they have made their " rough leaves," that
is, when they have three or four leaves, exclusive
of their seed leaves, they must be carefully raised
with the point of a narrow pruning knife, potted
into small pots, and placed in the shade : if the
weather is very hot and dry, they may be covered
with a handglass for a few days. They may re-
main in those pots a month, and then be planted
out into a rich border ; by the end of August
those that are robust growers will have made
shoots long enough for budding. Those that have
done so may be cut down, and one or two strong
stocks budded with each ; these will the following
summer make vigorous shoots, and the summer
following, if left unpruned, to a certainty they
will produce flowers. This is the only method to
ensure seedling roses flowering the third year;
many will do so that are not worked, but very
often the superior varieties are shy bloomers on
their own roots, till age and careful culture give
them strength.
It may be mentioned here, as treatment ap-
plicable to all seed-bearing roses, that when it is
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 101
desirable the qualities. .of >a fiwoimte rose should
preponderate, the petalsv of the flower to' be fer-
tilised must be opeagd" "gei/Jy with the lingers*;
a flower that will expand in the morning should
be opened the afternoon or evening previous, and
the anthers all removed with a pair of pointed
scissors ; the following morning when this flower
* It requires some watchfulness to do this at the proper time ;
if too soon, the petals will be injured in forcing them open ; and
in hot weather in July, if delayed only an hour or two, the anthers
will be found to have shed their pollen. To ascertain precisely
when the pollen is in a fit state for transmission, a few of the
anthers should be gently pressed with the finger and thumb ; if
the yellow dust adheres to them the operation may be performed ;
it requires close examination and some practice to know when the
flower to be operated upon is in a fit state to receive the pollen ;
as a general rule, the flowers ought to be in the same state of ex-
pansion, or, in other words, about the same age. It is only in
cases where it is wished for the qualities of a particular rose to
predominate, that the removal of the anthers of the rose to be
fertilised is necessary ; thus, if a yellow climbing rose is desired
by the union of the Yellow Briar with the Ayrshire, every anther
should be removed from the latter, so that it is fertilised solely
with the pollen of the former. In some cases, where it is de-
sirable to have the qualities of both parents in an equal degree,
the removal of the anthers must not take place ; thus, I have
found by removing them from the Luxembourg Moss, and fer-
tilising that rose with a dark variety of Rosa Gallica, that the
features of the Moss Rose are totally lost in its offspring, and
they become nearly pure varieties of the former ; but if the anthers
of the Moss Rose are left untouched, and it is fertilised with Rosa
Gallica, interesting hybrids are the result, more or less mossy ;
this seems to make superfetation very probable ; yet Dr. Lind-
ley in " Theory of Horticulture," page 332, " thinks it is not very
likely to occur."
H 3
102 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
is fully Expanded it 'must be fertilised with a
flower' cf SQii^e *vaiiety> of which it is desired to
ha ve" seedlings 'pai'takiirg largely of its qualities.
To exemplify this,, we will suppose that a climbing
Moss Eose with red or crimson flowers is wished
for: the flowers of the Blush Ayrshire, which
bears seed abundantly, may be selected, and
before expansion the anthers removed; the fol-
lowing morning, or as soon after the operation as
these flowers open, they should be fertilised with
those of the Luxembourg Moss; if the opera-
tion succeed, seed will be procured, from which
the probability is, that a climbing rose will be
produced with the habit and flowers of the Moss
Eose, or at least an approximation to them ; and
as these hybrids often bear seed freely, by repeat-
ing the process with them, the at present apparent
remote chance of getting a climbing Moss Eose
may be brought very near.
I mention the union of the Moss and Ayrshire
Eose by way of illustration, and merely to point
out to the amateur how extensive and how in-
teresting a field of operations is open in this way.
I ought to give a fact that has occurred in my
own experience, which will tell better with the
sceptical than a thousand anticipations. About
four years since, in a pan of seedling Moss Eoses,
was one with a most peculiar habit, even when
very young ; this has since proved a hybrid rose,
partaking much more of the Scotch Eose than of
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 103
any other, and till the plant arrived at full growth
I thought it a Scotch Rose, the seed of which had
by accident been mixed with that of the Moss
Rose, although I had taken extreme care : to my
surprise it has since proved a perfect hybrid,
having the sepals and the fruit of the Provence
Rose, with the spiny and dwarf habit of the
Scotch Rose ; it bears abundance of heps, which
are all abortive.* The difference in the fruit of
the Moss and Provence Rose, and those of the
Scotch is very remarkable, and this it was which
drew my particular attention to the plant in
question ; it was raised from the same seed, and in
the same seed-pan, as the Single Crimson Moss
Rose ; as this strange hybrid came from a Moss
Rose accidentally fertilised, we may expect that
art will do much more for us.
The following extract from the Botanical Re-
gister for January, 1840, will, I think, go to prove
that these expectations are not without found-
ation : —
" My principal reason for publishing a figure
of this very remarkable plant, Fuchsia Standishii,
is because it is a mule between Fuchsia fulgens
and Fuchsia globosa, two plants as dissimilar as
possible in the same genus. The former, indeed,
* It is more than probable, that if the flowers of this rose were
fertilised with those of the single Moss Rose, they would pro-
duce seed from which some curious hybrid moss roses might be
expected.
H 4
104 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN,
figured in this work for the year 1838, tab. 1.,
differs in so many respects from the common
species of the genus, especially in having an
herbaceous stem and tuberous roots, that it has
been supposed impossible that it should be a
Fuchsia at all. It now, however, appears, from
the fact of its crossing freely with the common
Fuchsias, that it produces hybrids, and really
does belong to the genus. These hybrids are
completely intermediate between the two parents ;
in this case having the leaves, flowers, and habit
of their mother, Fuchsia globosa, with the hairi-
ness and tenderness of foliage of their father,
some of his colouring, and much of his herbaceous
character. It is by no means necessary to take
Fuchsia globosa for the female parent, as Fuchsia
fulgens is found to intermix readily with many
other species. That which is now figured is the
handsomest I have seen. It was raised by Mr.
John Standish, nurseryman, Bagshot, who sent
me specimens last July, together with flowers of
several others of inferior appearance. He tells
me that it is an exceedingly free bloomer, with
a stiff erect habit; and I can state, from my
personal knowledge, that the plant is very hand-
some."
Now this is from Dr. Lindley, who may be
quoted as a weighty authority ; and this plant is a
hybrid between two, one of which, I believe, it was
seriously contemplated to place out of the genus
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 105
Fuchsia, so dissimilar did it appear to any known
species of that genus. After this, we may hope
for a Mossy Bourbon Rose, and a Yellow Ayr-
shire.
PROPAGATION OF SUMMER ROSES.
There are four modes of propagation applicable
to Summer Roses, viz. by layers, by cuttings, by
budding, and by grafting. Layering may be per-
formed in spring, summer, and autumn ; the two
latter seasons only can be recommended, but if
any are forgotten or omitted by accident, the
operation in spring will often give success ; still,
as summer layering is the most legitimate, I shall
give directions for that my first notice.
About the middle of July in most seasons the
shoots will be found about eighteen inches or two
feet in length; from these, two thirds of their length
the leaves should be cut off, close to the shoot, be-
ginning at the base, with a very sharp knife ; the
shoot must then be brought to the ground, so as
to be able to judge in what place the hole must be
made to receive it ; this may be made large enough
to hold a quarter of a peck of compost : in heavy
and retentive soils this should be rotten dung and
pit sand in equal quantities, well mixed ; the shoot
must then be " tongued," i. e. the knife introduced
just below a bud and brought upwards, so as to
cut about half way through ; this must be done at
106 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
the side or back of the shoot (not by any means
at the front or in the bend), so that the tongue
does not close ; to make this certain a small piece
of glass or thin earthenware may be introduced to
keep it open. Much nicety is required to have the
tongue at the upper part of the shoot, so as not
to be in the part which forms the bow, as it is
of consequence that it should be within two inches
of the surface, so as to feel the effects of the
atmospheric heat ; unless this is attended to the
roots will not be emitted quickly ; the tongued
part must be placed in the centre of the compost,
and a moderate-sized stone put on the surface of
the ground to keep the layer in its place. The
first week in November the layers may be taken
from the parent plant, and either potted as re-
quired, or planted out where they are to remain.
Those shoots not long enough in July and
August may be layered in October, when the
layers are taken from the shoots, and, if any are
forgotten, February and March will be the most
favourable months for the operation : as a general
rule, July is the most proper season.
PROPAGATION BY CUTTINGS.
To procure early cuttings, so as to have plants
ready for planting out in June, strong plants
must be placed in the forcing-house in December ;
these will make vigorous shoots, which, when
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN, 107
thoroughly ripe in March, should be made into
cuttings about six inches in length; the leaves
must be left on that part of the cutting above
the surface. Supposing the cutting to contain six
buds, from three of these the leaves may be
removed, or, if they are very large, even four,
leaving two buds with the leaves attached. The
cuttings may be planted singly in small pots
filled one third with small pieces of broken pots
(on these must the end of the cutting rest), and
the remainder with light mould, or peat and sand
equal quantities ; the cuttings must then be placed
in a gentle hot-bed and kept perfectly close, no
air should be admitted, by raising the lights in
the slightest degree, except for the operation of
watering ; they must be sprinkled with tepid water
every morning and again in the afternoon, but the
latter only in bright sunny weather : these opera-
tions should be performed as quickly as possible,
to prevent their being exposed to the exhausting
effects of the open air. They will have made roots
in a fortnight or three weeks. When this is
ascertained, which can be done by gently turn-
ing out the plant, they should be placed in a
cold frame and still kept close. After being a
week in this situation they may be potted into
larger pots. This is a very interesting me-
thod of propagation, and the plants made in
this manner form very pretty bushes of compact
growth ; it is applicable to all roses ; even Moss
108 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
Roses will strike root if treated as above ; they
require more patience, as they are longer in
forming their roots than many, as are also the
Provence. Care must be taken that the shoots,
before being formed into cuttings, are perfectly
ripe : an invariable sign of their maturity is when
the terminal bud is formed at the end of the
shoot ; this shows that they have made their first
growth; to hasten this, the plants should be
placed in the most sunny situation, so as to
mature their shoots as early as possible.
Cuttings of Hybrid China Koses, Hybrid
Bourbons, and of all the climbing roses, may be
raised with facility by planting them in a shady
border in September. They may be made about
ten inches in length, two thirds of which should
be planted in the soil : in fact, they can scarcely
be planted too deep : one, or at most two, buds
above the surface will be enough ; on these buds
the leaves must be left untouched. These will be
fit for planting out the following autumn.
PROPAGATION BY BUDDING.
This seems at present, owing to the strong wish
manifested by the present generation to do every
thing quickly, to be the favourite mode of propa-
gation. A summer rose from a cutting requires
at least two seasons to form a blooming plant. A
layer is occasionally very capricious, and very loth
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 109
to make roots ; indeed, of some varieties, particu-
larly of Rosa alba, they will not by any means be
induced to form roots when layered, and are very
difficult even to be propagated by cuttings from
the forcing-house; but these become perfectly
docile and manageable when budded, in one season
only forming large and handsome plants. The ope-
ration of budding is difficult to describe. A longi-
tudinal cut, not so deep as to cut into the wood,
but merely through the bark, should be made in
the clear part of the shoot; thus /[", making the
diagonal cut at the top of the incision. I differ
from most of those who have given directions for
budding, as they make the incision thus, f : my
practice has arisen from the frequent inconve-
nience sustained by shoots from standard stocks
being broken off by the wind, when the cut is
made at right angles : with the diagonal incision
an accident rarely happens : the bark on both sides
this incision must be opened with the flat handle
peculiar to the budding knife, and the bud in-
serted : the slice of bark taken off the shoot with
the bud in the centre should not be more than an
inch in length ; but half an inch is enough, the
incision being made of the same length : this is the
length used by experienced budders, who pride
themselves upon performing the operation in the
neatest manner possible. When the bud is in-
serted, cut off with your knife (which should be
very sharp) a piece from the upper part of the
110 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
plate, i. e. the piece of bark with the bud attached,
so that it fits closely to the diagonal cut at top ;
then bind it up firmly with cotton twist, such as
the tallow-chandlers use for the wicks of candles ;
the finest quality is best : this is the most eligible
binding known, and far preferable to matting or
worsted. Many writers recommend the wood to
be left in the plate : in cases where the bud is un-
ripe this may be very well ; but, as a general rule,
always remove it. Take buds that are mature,
and, by placing the thumb nail at the top of the
plate, peel cleanly the wood from the bark : if a
remnant of wood is left on or near the eye of the
bud, let it remain; it will do no harm; but if
attempted to be removed, the eye is liable to be
bruised and injured. Budding may be commenced
in June, and performed as late as the second
week in September; if done in June, the only
shoots fit to take buds from are those that have
shed their bloom: on these alone the buds are
mature. I have occasionally known them to suc-
,ceed in October. After August it is at the best
uncertain, as the success of the operation entirely
depends upon the state of the weather. In taking
the wood from the bark, it will seem occasionally
as if the eye or root of the bud is dragged out ;
it will then appear hollow : this only appears so,
and is not of the least consequence, at least wTith
roses, as those apparently hollow buds take as
readily as those with the eye prominent.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. Ill
PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING.
This may be performed in the forcing-house in
January, and in the open air in February and
March. There are many modes of grafting:
those most eligible for roses are the common
"whip grafting/' using clay as a covering, and
" cleft grafting/' using wax or pitch : the former
is generally the most successful ; and if the stocks
are potted a year before being used, strong bloom-
ing plants of the perpetual roses may be made in
three months.
A neighbouring amateur has been very fortunate
in grafting roses, merely gathering his stocks
from the hedges in January and February, and
immediately grafting and potting them after the
operation ; in doing so covering the union of the
graft firmly with mould, using no clay, so as to
leave only three or four buds above the surface,
and placing them in a gentle hot-bed, in a common
garden frame, keeping them very close. In this
simple method of operating I have seen eighteen
out of twenty grafts grow, but, owing to the stocks
not being established in pots a year as they ought
to have been, these plants have not made strong
and luxuriant shoots the first season. Stocks may
be potted in October if none can be had established
in pots ; these may be used in January or Feb-
ruary with much success.
112 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
In whip grafting of roses in pots it will be as
well to omit the usual tongue by which in open
air the graft is, as it were, hung on the stock ; this
tonguing weakens rose-grafts too much; as their
shoots are generally pithy, a slice of bark with a
very small portion of wood about 1 J inch in length,
taken from one side of the stock where the bark
is clear and free from knots, is all that is required ;
then take part of a shoot about seven inches in
length, and pare its lower end down quite thin
till it fits accurately on the place in length and
breadth, from whence the slice of bark and wood
from the stock was taken ; bind it firmly with
strong bass, which has been soaked in water, and
then place clay over it, so as to leave no crack for
the admission of air: presuming this graft to be in
a pot, it may be plunged in sawdust or old tan,
leaving two buds of the graft above the surface in
a gentle hot bed, and kept close till it has put
forth its shoots: when these are three inches in
length, air may be admitted gradually by propping
up the light : if perpetual roses, they may shortly
be removed to the greenhouse, where they will
bloom in great perfection in early spring. After
this first bloom their shoots should be shortened,
and if required they may be planted in the open bor-
ders, where they will flower again and again during
the summer : if summer roses they will flower but
once, but they will make strong shoots and esta-
blish themselves for another season ; if a forcing-
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 113
house is used instead of a hot-bed frame they
must be plunged in the same materials, as this
keeps the clay moist, and generally ensures suc-
cess ; if convenient, grafting wax, made as follows,
may be used in lieu of clay : 1 Ib. Burgundy pitch,
^ Ib. common pitch, 2 oz. bees' wax, and £ oz.
mutton fat, melted, and put on with a brush while
warm : in cleft grafting, for a description of which I
must refer to London's Encyclopaedia of Gardening,
article " grafting." Grafting pitch must alone be
used if the grafts are small ; this is a very nice
mode, but difficult to describe, and the same result
may be obtained by rind-grafting*, a very neat
method : before this operation the stocks must be
placed in the forcing-house for a few days till the
bark will run, i. e. part readily from the wood ;
the top of the stock must then be cut off cleanly,
and without the least slope; an incision, as in
budding, must then be made through the bark
from the crown of the stock downwards, about
one inch in length, which can be opened with the
haft of a budding-knife ; directly opposite to this
incision a bud should be left if one can be found
on the stem of the stock, the graft must then be
cut flat on one side, as for whip-grafting, and
inserted between the bark and wood, bound with
bass, and covered with grafting wax. In March
* The best stocks for this kind of grafting are the Blush Bour-
sault and Rosa Manettii ; the latter I received a few years since
from Italy.
I
114 THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN.
this may be done with young shoots of the current
season from the forcing-house; they must be
mature ; as a rule, take only bloom shoots that
have just shed their flowers — these are always ripe.
To those who love roses, I know no gardening
operation of more interest than that of grafting
roses in pots in winter ; blooming plants of the
perpetual roses are made so quickly, and they are
so constantly under observation; but for this
a small forcing-house is of course necessary: a
house twelve feet by eight feet, with an eighteen-
inch Arnott's stove, will do all that is necessary ;
and the expense of a structure of these dimensions
is very moderate. What can be done in the way of
propagation in so small a house with method is
quite astonishing ; a hot-bed frame will give the
same results, but the plants cannot be viewed in
bad weather with equal facility; that interest
attached to watching closely every shoot as it
pushes forth to bud and bloom in all its gay attire
is lost. To the mind happily constituted this is a
calm and untiring pleasure; the bud breaking
through its brown wintry covering into verdant
leaves, replete with the delicate tints so peculiar
to early spring, and unchecked by cold and
withering blasts, makes us feel vernal pleasures,
even in January ; and then the peeping flower-
buds perhaps of some rare and as yet unseen
variety, add to these still calm pleasures, felt only
by those who really love plants and flowers, and
all the lovely creations of nature.
THE SUMMER ROSE GARDEN. 115
PLANTING.
November and December are so well known to
be favourable months for planting the Summer
blooming Boses, that it is thought by many ama-
teurs no others are or can be so eligible : applied
to dry sandy soils this idea is quite correct ; but
on wet retentive soils February is much better, as
the holes can be opened in winter so that the
mould is pulverised by frost. In light soils a
mixture of well-rotted manure,, and rich stiff loam
from an old pasture, giving to each plant, if a
standard, a wheelbarrow-full, if a dwarf, about
half that quantity, will be found the best compost :
if the soil is stiff, half a wheelbarrow-full of ma-
nure mixed with the natural soil will be quite
sufficient.
I 2
116
THE
AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
To Autumnal Roses we are much indebted for
that prolonged season of interest which this
" Queen of Flowers " now gives. The roses of
June, however splendid, soon fade; but some Per-
petual, or Noisette, or Bourbon roses enrich our
gardens with their perfume and gay colours, till
the chills of approaching winter prevent the ex-
pansion of their flowers. Among the most fra-
grant of these autumnal beauties are
PERPETUAL ROSES.
This division has as much variety in its origin
as in its appearance : it would, indeed, be a dif-
ficult task to trace the parentage of some of the
justly esteemed varieties of this family. Our old
red and white monthly roses have, no doubt, con-
tributed their share of sweet assistance; for, in
many of them, the powerful fragrance of these
two very old damask roses is apparent, and no
perfume can be more pleasing.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 117
In preference to giving a slight history of the
family at the commencement, I shall, as I describe
them, at the risk of being tedious, give the sup-
posed origin of most of the varieties ; premising,
that all those termed true perpetuals have, gene-
rally, a terminal cluster of buds at the end of each
shoot, whether produced in spring, summer, or
autumn.
Antinous is a new rose, evidently between the
French Rose and Crimson Perpetual, equalling
that fine rose in form and fragance, and surpassing
it in beauty of colouring ; but it partakes rather
more than it ought to do of the French Rose, as
it [is not a True Perpetual. However, it often
puts forth its fine crimson-purple flowers in Sep-
tember; it will therefore be much esteemed, as we
have hitherto been accustomed to roses of more
sober hues in that pleasant month. Billiard, so
named from a French rose amateur, is a pretty
bright rose, very fragrant and double, and a True
Perpetual. Belle Italienne approaches very near
to the Crimson Perpetual, except that its flowers
are larger, and not quite so double : this is also a
True Perpetual. Bernard, or Pompon Perpetual,
is a most beautiful new rose, with rather small
flowers ; but these are very double and finely
shaped, of a delicate carmine colour: this is a
True Perpetual, and a most desirable rose.
The Crimson Perpetual, Rose du Roi, or Lee's
I 3
118 THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN.
Crimson Perpetual,, deserves a few extra words of
comment. This fine rose was raised from seed, in
1812, in the gardens of the palace of Saint Cloud,
then under the direction of Le Comte Lelieur,
and named by him Rose du Roi ; owing, I sup-
pose, to Louis the Eighteenth soon after that time
being restored, and presenting an opportunity for
the Comte to show his loyalty : it is not recorded
that he changed its name during the hundred days
to Rose de 1'Empereur ! It is asserted that it was
raised from the Rosa Portlandica, a semi-double
bright-coloured rose, much like the rose known in
this country as the Scarlet Four-Seasons, or Rosa
Paestana ; which Eustace tells us, in his Classical
Tour, grows among the ruins of Paastum, enliven-
ing them with its brilliant autumnal flowers. This
is treated as a traveller's tale by one or two of our
English botanists, and the Rosa Paestana is said to
have been originated from seed in England : but
was that seed from Italy ?
Every gentleman's garden ought to have a large
bed of Crimson Perpetual Roses, to furnish bou-
quets during August, September, and October;
their fragrance is so delightful, their colour so rich,
and their form so perfect.
Crispata, or the Curled Perpetual, is one of
those whimsies of nature, more curious than pretty.
Each leaf is curled, and forms a ring, giving an
odd appearance to the plant. De Neuilly is a
hybrid Bourbon of great excellence, having all the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 119
peculiar beauty of the Bourbon Roses, with thg
fragrance of the Damask Kose. It is a most
abundant autumnal bloomer, and ought to be ex-
tensively cultivated. De Eennes is a True Per-
petual, of first-rate excellence, with large and very
double flowers. Delice d'Hiver is a splendid rose,
with large and finely-shaped flowers, of that vivid
rose-colour so much admired ; also a True Per-
petual. Desespoir des Amateurs, or Perpetuatis-
sima, had its origin in Italy, from whence it was
ushered into France, with its high-sounding names,
equally ridiculous; for, in reality, the rose, though
pretty and fragrant, is much below many in this
division. It is a hybrid of uncertain origin, and
totally unlike any other rose in habit, which is
dwarf and rather delicate.
Flon, Gloire des Perpetuelles, and La Mienne,
are roses of the same race or breed, and have the
same leading features, differing only, and that but
little, in the size of their flowers.* They are all
True Perpetuals, and abundant bloomers, with a
peculiar and pretty habit ; for their foliage has
a soft appearance, and, when the plants are
covered with their brilliant red flowers, no Per-
petual Roses are more beautiful. Ferox is quite
unique, and very magnificent, having larger
flowers than any other in this division \ but it is
* This difference is now found to be imaginary, and owing to
local circumstances.
I 4
120 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
not a certain autumnal bloomer. The White
Four- Seasons has an attractive name, but it does
not deserve it, as it has not the habit of the
True Four- Seasons Rose, producing constantly
terminal flower-buds, but more like the Common
White Damask, from which it is but little re-
moved. The Grand Perpetual, or Fabert's, is a
True Perpetual Kose of great excellence, requir-
ing a rich soil and good culture to bloom in per-
fection. It has one great fault, — the flowers
produced in July are so large that they almost
invariably burst, but its autumnal flowers are
much more symmetrical. Grande et Belle, or
Monstreuse, is a rose of immense size and beauty,
and generally a good and True Perpetual. Hen-
riette Boulogne is a good rose, but rather an in-
constant autumnal bloomer. This, with some
others, the French distinguish as roses that " re-
montante- rarement," in contradistinction to the
True Perpetuals, which, they say, " remontante
franchement." Jean Hachette is a most immense
rose, and very double, but not a True Perpetual.
Jenny Audio is a rare rose, not remarkable
for any peculiar beauty, but fragrant, and a
True Perpetual. Josephine Antoinette is now an
old variety, but a True Perpetual of great excel-
lence. Louis Philippe, being introduced before
Antinous, has had a large share of admiration : its
immense size, under proper cultivation, and its
dark purple colour, make it even yet desirable ; it
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 121
is also a True Perpetual. Lodoiska and Madame
Feburier are superb roses, and very large and
double ; but they are rather Inconstant Perpetuals.
Marie Denise is a fine robust variety ; its flowers
resemble those of Lodoiska, but more double, and
the plant approaches nearer to a True Perpetual
than that fine rose. Pompon Four Seasons is a
very old rose, as its name may be found in many
old catalogues; still it is rare, it blooms well in
autumn, and forms a pretty little bush.
Pulcherie is a pretty dark purple rose, very dis-
tinct, and a True Perpetual. Perpetuelle d' Angers
is an old variety, a very free autumnal bloomer,
and remarkably fragrant ; but its flowers are not
so finely shaped as those of some other varieties.
Palmire, or the Blush Perpetual, is of about the
same standing as the Crimson : it is a True Per-
petual, and a good rose. Panache de Girardon, or
the Striped Perpetual, is a pretty variegated rose.
In some seasons its flowers are much more striped
than in others ; but it is not a True Perpetual.
Palotte Picotee, a name without meaning, as it is
not spotted, is much like the Queen of Perpetuals ;
in fact, it cannot be distinguished from that rose ;
and, like that, its flowers seldom or never open.
Portlandica carnea is an exceedingly pretty bright
rose, something like Rosa Paestana in habit, with
flowers of a paler colour, and a True Perpetual.
Portlandica alba, or Portland Blanc, is a new
white rose of great beauty ; it however rarely opens
122 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
in our moist climate ; a True Perpetual Rose like
it would be invaluable. In rich soils it will, per-
haps, give a second series of flowers; but it cannot
be depended upon as a constant autumnal bloomer.
Prud'homme is a new and beautiful rose, bright-
coloured, fragrant, and a True Perpetual. The
Royal Perpetual is a seedling from the Four- Sea-
sons Rose ; its flowers are very double and perfect,
of a fine vivid rose-colour, and the plant a True
Perpetual. Sisley's Perpetual, like De Neuilly, is
hybridised with the Bourbon Rose ; and, like that
fine variety, it has lost but little of the fragrance
of the Damask : this is a large and beautiful au-
tumnal rose. The Stanwell Perpetual, I believe,
was raised from seed in Mr. Lee's nursery at
Stanwell. It is in habit something like the Scotch
Perpetual, but it blooms with more constancy, and
with greater freedom. In the autumn its flowers
are also larger ; in short, it is a much better rose
pf the same family, and one of the prettiest and
sweetest of autumnal roses. The Sixth of June,
so named by the French in commemoration of one
of their numerous political changes and " glorious
days," is a miniature variety of La Mienne, and
a pretty vivid-coloured rose.
Volumineuse is a magnificent rose, very large
and finely shaped: but, though it often blooms
finely in autumn, it must not be depended upon
as a True Perpetual : this, with Madame Feburier,
is now classed with the Damask roses.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 123
To Perpetual Roses some valuable additions
have been made, chiefly of Hybrid Bourbons,
which partaking of the fragrance and hardiness of
the Damask rose, are very desirable, as well as
from their blooming so abundantly in the autumn.
These roses are termed " Hybrid Perpetuals " in
some catalogues. Clementine Duval is a very
pretty pale rose-coloured variety of this class, of
compact growth, and giving abundance of flowers.
General Merlin, of the same origin, also raised by
Monsieur Duval, is quite a new variety, with
rose-coloured flowers/ rather bright, and elegantly
shaped. Queen Victoria is of a very deep reddish
rose, tinged with purple : this is a fine and robust
rose. Fulgorie, like the above, is also a hybrid
Bourbon, with flowers of a deep purplish crimson,
very double and perfect, blooming freely all the
autumn, and growing most luxuriantly. This is
certainly one of the best roses of its class and
colour. Marshal Soult is a robust and free-
growing rose, but rather dull in colour when
compared with Fulgorie. Princesse Helene is
also a robust and free-growing deep rose-coloured
rose: in moist weather, and sometimes in autumn,
its flowers do not open freely. Coquette de Mont-
morency, a bright red rose, is one of the most de-
lightful varieties yet introduced : its growth is so
compact, and its flowers are produced in such abun-
dance, always opening freely, and always elegantly
shaped, that it cannot be too much recommended.
124 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Madame Laffay is perhaps a rose of equal merit,
and if it had made its appearance before La Co-
quette, Monsieur Laffay would have reaped more
advantage from it; its habit is robust, and its
flowers a little larger than those of the latter :
this was raised from General Allard, a hybrid
Bourbon rose, blooming generally but once in the
season. Monsieur Laffay, by persevering through
two or three generations of seedlings, has at last
obtained his object in getting a Perpetual Rose of
the same brilliant colour. This information will,
I trust, be an incentive to amateurs in this coun-
try. Roses of distant affinities cannot be brought
together at once: thus a Yellow Ayrshire Rose
must not be expected from the first trial, but pro-
bably a climbing rose, tinged with yellow or buff,
may be the fruit of the first essay. This rose
must again be operated upon, and a second ge-
neration will, perhaps, be nearer the end wished
for : again the amateur must bring perseverance
and skill into action; and then if, in the third
generation, a bright yellow climbing rose is ob-
tained, its possession will amply repay the labour
bestowed ; but these light gardening operations
are not labour, they are a delightful amusement
to a refined mind, and lead it to reflect on the
wonderful infinities of nature. I ought, perhaps,
to mention, among new Perpetual Roses, a
" Striped Crimson Perpetual," or Rose du Roi
panachee which has been introduced from the
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN. 125
South of France. The attractive descriptions of
this new rose are qualified with the word " in-
constant."
As the culture of this class of roses is at pre-
; sent but imperfectly understood, I shall give the
result of my experience as to their cultivation,
with suggestions to be acted upon according to
circumstances. One peculiar feature they nearly
all possess — a reluctance to root when layered ;
consequently, Perpetual Roses, on their own roots,
will always be scarce : when it is possible to pro-
cure them, they will be found to nourish much
better on dry poor soils than when grafted, as
at present. Perpetual Roses require a super-
abundant quantity of food : it is therefore per-
fectly ridiculous to plant them on dry lawns, to
suffer the grass to grow close up to their stems,
and not to give them a particle of manure for
years. Under these circumstances, the best va-
rieties, even the Rose du Roi, will scarcely ever
give a second series of flowers. To remedy the
inimical nature of dry soils to this class of roses,
an annual application of manure on the surface of
the soil is quite necessary. The ground must
not be dug, but lightly pricked over with a fork
in November; after which, some manure must
be laid on, about two or three inches in depth,
which ought not to be disturbed, except to clean
with the hoe and rake, till the following autumn.
This, in some situations, in the spring months,
126 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
will be unsightly : in such cases, cover with some
nice green moss, as directed in the culture of
Hybrid China Hoses. I have said that this treat-
ment is applicable to dry poor soils ; but even in
good rose soils it is almost necessary ; for it will
give such increased vigour, and such a prolongation
of the flowering season, as amply to repay the
labour bestowed. If the soil is prepared, as
directed, they will twice in the year require
pruning : in November, when the beds are dressed,
and again in the beginning of June. In the No-
vember pruning, cut off from every shoot of the
preceding summer's growth about two thirds; if
they are crowded, remove some of them entirely.
If this autumnal pruning is attended to, there will
be, early in June, the following summer, a vast
number of luxuriant shoots, each crowned with a
cluster of buds. Now, as June roses are always
abundant, a little sacrifice must be made to ensure
a fine autumnal bloom ; therefore, leave only half
the number of shoots to bring forth their summer
flowers, the remainder shorten to about half their
length. Each shortened branch will soon put
forth buds ; and in August and September the
plants will again be covered with flowers. In cul-
tivating Perpetual Eoses, the faded flowers ought
immediately to be removed; for in autumn the
petals do not fall off readily but lose their colour
and remain on the plant, to the injury of the
forthcoming buds. Though I have recommended
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 127
Perpetual Roses to be grown on their own roots,
in dry soils, yet, on account of the autumnal rains
dashing the dirt upon their flowers when close to
the ground, wherever it is possible to make grafted
roses grow, they ought to be preferred ; for, on
stems from one and a half to two feet in height,
the flowers will not be soiled; they are also brought
near to the eye, and the plant forms a neat and
pretty object.
The Crimson, and, indeed, nearly all the Per-
petuals, force admirably : for this purpose, it is
better to graft or bud them on the Dog-Rose, as
it is so easily excited. It requires, also, but small
pot-room ; as, previous to potting, its roots may
be pruned to within two inches of the stem, and
apparently, with advantage ; for, if placed in gentle
heat, an abundance of fibres are immediately put
forth, and the whole plant will soon have an ap-
pearance of great vigour. Those who wish for
the luxury of forced roses, at a trifling cost, may
have them by pursuing the following simple
method : — Take a common garden frame, large
or small, according to the number of roses wanted ;
raise it on some posts, so that the bottom edge
will be about three feet from the ground at the
back of the frame, and two feet in front, sloping
to the south. If it is two feet deep, this will give
a depth of five feet under the lights^ at the back
of the frame, which will admit roses on little
stems as well as dwarfs. Grafted plants of any
128 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
of the Perpetual Eoses should be potted in October,
in a rich compost of equal portions of rotten dung
and loam, in pots about eight inches deep, and
seven inches over, and plunged in the soil at
bottom. The air in the frame may be heated by
linings of hot dung ; but care must be taken that
the dung is turned over two or three times before
it is used, otherwise the rank and noxious steam
will kill the young and tender shoots; but the
hazard of this may be avoided, by building a wall
of turf, three inches thick, from the ground to
the bottom edge of the frame. This will admit
the heat through it, and exclude the steam. The
Perpetual Eoses, thus made to bloom early, are
really beautiful. They may also be forced in any
description of forcing-house with success, by
plunging the pots in old tan, or any substance
that will keep their roots cool. It will at once
give an idea how desirable these roses are, when
it is stated that, by retarding and forcing, they
may be made to bloom for eight months in the
year.
Perpetual Eoses do not bear seed in this country
freely, but Louis Philippe may be planted with
the common Bourbon, as may the Eosa Paestana ;
they both bear seed abundantly, which would
probably give some fine high-coloured varieties.
Grande et Belle trained to a south wall, with
Gloire de Eosomene, and Lodoiska with the
Common Bourbon Eose, would possibly be the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 129
parents of some large-flowering and splendid
varieties.
An attempt to obtain a Mossy Crimson Per-
petual might be made by planting Louis Philippe
with the Single Crimson Moss. To roses, and
many other gardening operations, the hacknied
motto may justly be applied, " Nil desperandum."
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.
This class has now become so rich in beautiful
roses, that a separate notice must be devoted to
them. In p. 39 is given the origin of Hybrid
China Roses, which it is well known bloom but
once in the season. Some of these hybrids or
mules, unlike many plants of the same descrip-
tion, bear seed freely. These fertile varieties
have been crossed with different varieties of China
and Bourbons. From seed thus produced we have
gained anew race of autumnal roses, bearing abun-
dance of flowers during the whole of the summer
and autumn, and now called Hybrid Perpetuals.
Certainly a more beautiful and interesting class of
roses does not exist ; their flowers are large, very
double, most fragrant, and produced till the end
of October. Their habit is robust and vigorous
in a remarkable degree ; and, above all, they are
perfectly hardy, and will grow well in any climate
in Great Britain, however far north ; but caution
will be required in selecting varieties for cold and
K
130 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
damp localities, as those only that open freely
should be planted. Some few are fine roses in a dry
southern climate, and also when forced ; but in a
moist climate they will seldom or never open their
flowers. I will mention a few that may be chosen
without the least fear of disappointment. And first
I must name the queen of this family, Madame
Laffay; this, like the Crimson Perpetual, in its
class, is at present unrivalled ; words cannot give
the effect of this rose ; with its fine large foliage
and rosy crimson flowers, it is perfectly beautiful,
highly fragrant, and ought to be in every garden.
We have a fine contrast in colour in the Duchess
of Sutherland, which is a rose of equally luxuriant
habits and fine foliage, with flowers of the most
perfect shape ; colour, delicate rose. One defect
this rose has which ought not to be concealed —
it will not give autumnal flowers constantly, but
often makes shoots without a terminal flower-bud.
Aubernon is a beautiful brilliant crimson rose,
opening freely, and blooming abundantly during
the summer and autumn. Of the same prolific
habit is Eivers, so named by M. Laffay, who
frequently "dedicates" (to use his own expression)
roses to his friends. This is a rose of first-rate
quality; flowers red, something like Brennus,
very large, and produced in clusters of great
beauty, flowering profusely all the autumn. Mrs.
Elliott is a beautiful free-flowering and free-open-
ing rose, with flowers of light crimson, tinged
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 131
with lilac. Like some others in this class, barren
shoots are often produced in the autumn. William
Jesse is a large and superb rose, crimson, with
lilac tinge. This is certainly one of the most
beautiful very large roses that exists ; its flowers
always open freely : like the preceding, every
shoot does not give flowers, but with good culture
it will bloom well in the autumn. Prudence
Rasser is a hybrid noisette, blooming in large
clusters, of exceeding beauty, and highly fragrant.
As a standard, or as a pillar rose, this variety is
peculiarly adapted ; its flowers, not full-sized, are
of a pale rose, with fawn-coloured centre, and
elegantly shaped; every shoot, whether in summer
or autumn, seems to give its terminal cluster of
flowers. Among those roses that open freely,
none are more beautiful than Comte d'Eu ; it is,
strictly speaking, a double dwarf Gloire de Roso-
mene, from which it was raised. This is a brilliant-
coloured and fine variety. Reine de Lyon is also
a new and fine rose, with erect habit, and very
double dark crimson flowers, of the same fragrance
as the Provence Rose. Due d'Aumale is a new
and very erect-growing variety, with brilliant
crimson flowers of much beauty. To the above
free-flowering and free-opening roses, may be
added Louis Bonaparte, Comte de Paris, Julie
Dupont, Lady Alice Peel, Dr. Marjolin, and
Augustine Mouchelet. The following are varieties
of first-rate excellence, but cannot be recommended
K 2
132 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
for moist climates ; in warm and dry exposures,
their flowers will open freely. Clementine Seringe,
with flowers large as those of Brown's Superb
Blush, and with the same peculiar fragrance as
the cabbage rose, is a most superb variety; its
flowers are placed on stiff erect foot-stalks ; these
are of a fine rosy blush : as a forcing rose, this
is invaluable. Reine de la Guillotiere is a superb
brilliant crimson rose, which, not having opened
so freely as usual this wet season (1843), I should
not recommend for moist climates : this is a con-
stant autumnal bloomer, and a very fine rose.
Prince Albert, in 1842, was splendid everywhere;
but owing to the too abundant moisture of the
past season, scarcely any of its flowers have
opened. So much is this rose influenced by cli-
mate, that when I, last autumn, visited France,
the cultivators of roses would scarcely credit my
assertion that it did not in general open well in
England; they said it was impossible. When
flowering in perfection, it is really beautiful, its
flowers quite double, finely shaped, of a deep
crimson purple, and remarkably fragrant: as a
forcing rose, it is quite unrivalled.
In a recent visit to Paris (Sept. 30. 1843), I
have had the pleasure of seeing a new rose of this
family, "gained" by M. LaiFay from seed, and
named La Reine ; one of the largest, most perfectly
shaped, and, in short, the most beautiful in its range
of colour, of any Hybrid Perpetual rose known. I
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 133
am inclined to judge, from its foliage and habit,
that it has a near affinity to William Jesse. Its
flowers are quite as large as, I think I may safely
say larger than, those of that fine rose. They are
most beautifully cupped, and quite double ; but
not too much crowded with petals, so as to lead to
any fears of their not opening freely in our climate.
Their fragrance is remarkable, having much re-
semblance to our old favourite the common Cabbage
Provence Hose ; and in their brilliant rose-colour,
slightly, very slightly, tinged with lilac, give a
pleasing change, as many varieties in this class
have dull and rather sombre-coloured flowers.
All the robust-growing varieties of this family
form admirable standards, and are particularly well
adapted for planting in rows by the sides of walks,
giving them plenty of manure, and the necessary
culture required by these roses — removing aportion
of their bloom buds in June ; thus, if there are
twelve clusters of bloom making their appearance,
cut off five to within about six buds of the base of
each shoot ; these will soon push forth, and give
fine flowers in August. Constant care should be
taken to remove in the same manner all the
clusters of blooms as soon as they fade. Louis
Buonaparte and a few others are very apt to make
barren shoots without terminal flowers. As soon
as this can be ascertained, cut all such shoots to
within six or eight buds of their base ; they will
then, in most cases, give fertile branches : in short
K 3
134 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
these roses require much summer pruning and
attention to make them flower in great perfection
in autumn. Madame LafFay, Prudence Rgeser,
Fulgorie, Mrs. Elliott, and William Jesse, will, in
rich soils, form very fine pillar roses, and be made
to flower, with summer pruning, all the autumn.
THE BOURBON EOSE.
(ROSA BOURBONIANA.)
It is now, perhaps, about twelve years since a
beautiful semi-double rose, with brilliant rose-
coloured flowers, prominent buds, and nearly
evergreen foliage, made its appearance in this
country, under the name of the " L'He de Bour-
bon Rose," said to have been imported from the
Mauritius to France, in 1822, by M. Noisette.
It attracted attention by its peculiar habit, but
more particularly by its abundant autumnal flow-
ering ; still such was the lukewarmness of Eng-
lish rose amateurs, that no attempts were made to
improve this pretty, imperfect rose by raising
seedlings from it, though it bore seed in large
quantities. This pleasing task has been left to
our rose-loving neighbours the French, who have
been very industrious, and, as a matter of course,
have originated some very beautiful and striking
varieties, and also, as usual in such cases, have
given us rather too many distinct and fine-sound-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 135
ing names attached to flowers without distinctive
characters. In a little time we shall be able to
rectify this very common floricultural error. Many
fables have been told by the French respecting
the origin of this rose. The most generally re-
ceived version of one of these is, that a French
naval officer was requested by the widow of a
Monsieur Edouard, residing in the island, to find,
on his voyage to India, some rare rose, and that,
on his return to L'lle de Bourbon, he brought
with him this rose, which she planted on her
husband's grave : it was then called Rose Edouard,
and sent to France as " Rose de L'lle de Bour-
bon." This is pretty enough, but entirely devoid
of truth. Monsieur Breon, a French botanist,
and now a seedsman in Paris, gives the following
account, for the truth of which he vouches : —
" At the Isle of Bourbon, the inhabitants gene-
rally enclose their land with hedges made of two
rows of roses, one row of the Common China
Rose, the other of the Red Four-Seasons. Mon-
sieur Perichon, a proprietor at Saint Benoist, in
the Isle, in planting one of these hedges, found
amongst his young plants one very different from
the other in its shoots and foliage. This induced
him to plant it in his garden. It flowered the
following year ; and, as he anticipated, proved to
be of quite a new race, and differing much from
the above two roses, which, at the time, were the
only sorts known in the island" Monsieur Breon
K 4
136 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
arrived at Bourbon in 1817, as botanical traveller
for the government of France, and curator of the
Botanical and Naturalization Garden there. He
propagated this rose very largely ; and sent plants
and seeds of it, in 1822, to Monsieur Jacques*,
gardener at the Chateau de Neuilly, near Paris,
who distributed them among the rose cultivators
of France. M. Breon named it " Hose de L'lle
de Bourbon ; " and is convinced that it is a hybrid
from one of the above roses, and a native of the
island. Owing to the original being a hybrid, the
roses of this family vary much in their characters ;
those that retain the leading features I have
termed true Bourbons. I shall now notice and
describe a few of the most striking and distinct
varieties of this very charming group ; and begin
with Armosa, quite a new variety, very double
and perfect in the shape of its flowers, which are
of a delicate rose-colour : the plant is of medium
growth. Augustine Lelieur is a charming rose, a
true Bourbon, so vivid and so beautiful that it
cannot be too much recommended: its flowers are
very erect and bell-shaped, and as fine in October
as in June. Diaphane is a small high-coloured
rose, almost scarlet. This is not a true Bourbon,
but a very pretty rose, of dwarf growth, adapted
for the front of a border. Dubourg is also a hy-
brid Bourbon, of a different character to the last,
* Whence the name often given to the Common Bourbon Rose
of" Bourbon Jacques."
THE AUTUMXAL ROSE GARDEN. 137
as it is very robust and makes long shoots, gene-
rally terminated by a fine cluster of flowers : in
rich soils this will make a fine pillar-rose. Due de
Grammont is also a hybrid Bourbon, very dwarf
in its habit, with flowers of fine shape, and very
double, inclining to purple. Earl Grey is a genuine
Bourbon Hose, with large and double flowers,
of a fine rose-colour, and the plant of a compact
though vigorous growth ; its flowers have a fault
too common with these roses ; they do not open
well. Faustine is now an old variety ; but a very
pretty little rose, very dwarf in its habit, with
flowers of that silvery pale blush, so peculiar to
some varieties in this group.
Gloire de Eosomene is a hybrid of most re-
markable habits. Its large foliage, luxuriant
growth, and beautiful semi-double crimson flow-
ers, make it one of the most desirable of this
division ; but not for grouping, as it outgrows all
its congeners. As a pillar rose it will form a
splendid object; indeed, I cannot imagine any
thing more imposing in floriculture than a pillar,
from twelve to fifteen feet high, covered with the
splendid flowers of this rose from June till Octo-
ber : it will also form a fine standard. Gloire de
Guerin, like the last, departs from the characters
of the group ; but, like all that I have retained, it
has the pleasing feature of autumnal flowering.
This is a dwarf rose, adapted for the front of the
rose border. Ida is also a beautiful rose, with much
138 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
smaller flowers, perhaps of a still deeper carmine.
The plant is dwarf, yet possesses all the characters
of the true Bourbon Eoses in the prominency of its
buds, and in its foliage. La Tendresse has flowers of
a silvery-pale rose-colour, very double and large.
Its habit is robust, hardy, and luxuriant, fit for
the centre of the rose bed. Latifolia is a fine
bold rose, much like Augustine Lelieur in its
colour and habit : a good rose, but not required in
a collection where that rose is grown. Madame
Desprez : this fine and robust rose has never yet
bloomed so beautifully in this country as during
this autumn (1837) : its large clusters of very
double flowers have indeed been superb. Monsieur
Desprez, a distinguished French rose amateur,
raised it from seed about five years since. It is,
most probably, a little hybridised with the Noi-
sette Eose, as it blooms in larger clusters than any
other Bourbon Eose. Marshal Villars approaches
to the China Eose in habit, which takes from it
that compact growth peculiar to most of the true
Bourbon Eoses : this has flowers of a bright purple
tinge, very vivid and double.* Phillippart, if not
the same as Augustine Lelieur, is too much like it
to be grown in the same collection. Psyche is
a very remarkable rose, a hybrid of humble
* The flowers of this rose seldom open well ; a distinguished
rose amateur has expressively, but whimsically, named Bourbon
roses of this character "hard-heads."
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 13C
growth, with double pale pink flowers, of the
most perfect shape.
Queen of the Bourbons is a fine variety, and
very beautiful. Its flowers are of a vivid rose-
colour, a little tinged with buff, very large and
double. Phoenix is nearly a true Bourbon Rose
of a fine rosy red.
Rivers, so named by a French rose cultivator,
who raised it from seed, is a pretty delicate rose,
a true Bourbon ; and called by the originator an
" extra fine rose:" it has not yet bloomed here
well enough to support that character. Thimocles
is a large and fine rose, very double, and a
genuine Bourbon, of luxuriant growth, and distinct
character. Victoire Argentee is one of those
beautiful silvery-pale roses, with very double
flowers, which often refuse to open freely.
The White Bourbon, or Julie de Loynes, was
raised from seed by Monsieur Desprez, who an-
nually raises immense numbers of Bourbon and
other roses from seed, to procure new varieties.
This rose is a little hybridised with the Noisette,
which has given it a clustered character, and,
unfortunately, taken from its flowers that bold
and peculiar shape, so beautiful in the Bourbon
Roses. The French cultivators are at deadly
strife respecting this rose ; some swearing, by all
their saints, that it is a veritable Bourbon, while
others as stoutly maintain that it is a Noisette
Rose. An Englishman, after listening to such
140 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
warm disputants (Frenchmen generally are), and
to so "much ado about nothing," would coolly
turn away and smile at such violent altercation,
and their making a trifle " light as air " a matter
of such grave importance. Walner is a true
Bourbon Rose, dwarf, bright-coloured, and very
distinct and pretty.
A few very remarkable additions have been
made to this family since the publication of the
first edition of this little work ; which, were it not
for the endless variations in flowers in which we find
pleasure, would seem to leave us nothing more to
wish for in Bourbon Roses. Dark crimson va-
rieties, with double and finely-shaped flowers, were
desiderata, but are so no longer ; for in " Le Grand
Capitaine," perhaps so named, in compliment to
our " Great Captain," we have one of the most
brilliant Crimson Scarlet Roses known; this seems
a seedling from Gloire de Rosomene, as it has the
same serrated foliage and habit. Splendens, or
Crimson Madame Desprez and the Crimson Globe,
seem to be all that can be wished for ; they are both
of the most robust habits, they bloom constantly,
and their flowers open freely ; these are of a rich
purplish crimson, the latter is the deepest in colour.
The first will probably form a fine pillar rose, and as
a standard it equals in luxuriance of growth the
most robust of our Bourbon Roses. Madame Nerard,
as a pale rose-coloured variety, is most perfect in
the shape of its flowers, and Desgaches, a fine rose-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 141
coloured variety, blooming in large clusters, is
equally beautiful and quite first-rate. Pucelle
Genoise also is a fine large and double rose, appa-
rently a hybrid of the China Rose, as its foliage
approaches it in resemblance. Bouquet de Flore,
and Emile Courtier, are true Bourbons, and most
perfect and beautiful varieties, with large and
double flowers of a deep rose-colour.
Among the novelties in Bourbon Hoses, one of
the most remarkable is Madame Lacharme, a
rose raised at Lyons, and named after the wife of
a rose cultivator there ; this may with justice be
called White Madame Desprez; it produces its
beautiful white flowers, the outer petals of which
are slightly tinged with blush, in large clusters,
and has the same robust habit as that above fine
and well-known rose ; this will undoubtedly be a
most popular variety ; in fine contrast to the above
are two new dark crimson Bourbons, Proserpine,
and Paul Joseph, these are both of robust and
luxuriant growth, producing their flowers on erect
foot-stalks; foliage large, thick, and of a deep
glossy green, flowers of the most brilliant crimson,
slightly shaded with purple ; the latter is possibly
the darker of the two ; but it is really difficult to
say which one would prefer. Cornice de Seine
et Marne is also a new variety, with flowers of
the most brilliant crimson, not quite so deep in
colour as the before-mentioned, and not tinted
with purple ; this is a most splendid rose. Enfant
142 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
d'Ajaccio and Souvenir d'Anselnie are two new
roses of precisely the habit of Gloire de Roso-
mene, with flowers of the same colour, but quite
double; these are both beautiful and very fragrant
roses. A race of delicately pale flesh-coloured
roses has sprung from Madame Nerard. Of these
the most beautiful are Manteau de Jeanne d'Arc,
almost white ; and Heine de Congres and Com-
tesse de Resseguier, of the most delicate blush ;
these are all elegant and beautiful roses.
In the preceding notices of sorts, I have pur-
posely mentioned the habits of those that deviate
a little from the characters of the generality; in
forming a clump, it will therefore be seen which
to place in the front, and which in the centre ;
several varieties in the catalogue not noticed here
are equal in beauty to those that are ; but as their
habits have nothing particularly distinctive, I
have, to avoid being tedious, not described them.
Bourbon Roses most certainly show themselves
to greater advantage on stems from one to three
feet in height, than in any other mode of culture ;
if on their own roots, they are too near the ground,
and the autumnal rains spoil their delicate blos-
soms, by dashing the dirt upon them. They seem
to grow well in all soils, but I should recommend,
in spite of the above objection, those who have
only a dry and poor sandy soil, to have plants on
their roots, as the Dog-Rose will not flourish in
such soils ; though cultivated roses in soils of the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 143
same description will grow most luxuriantly.
Nature often seems to delight to puzzle us gar-
deners with anomalies that cannot be fathomed,
clever as we are in our generation.
These roses require but little pruning ; towards
the end of March or beginning of April their
shoots may be thinned, those that are killed by
the winter removed, and long shoots shortened to
within four or five buds.
I hope, in a few years, to see Bourbon Roses
in every garden, for the " queen of flowers "
boasts no members of her court more beautiful;
their fragrance also is delicate and pleasing, more
particularly in the autumn ; they ought to occupy
a distinguished place in the autumnal rose garden,
in clumps or beds, as standards, and as pillars, in
any, and in all situations, they must and will
please. To ensure a very late autumnal bloom, a
collection of dwarf standards, i. e. stems one to
two feet in height, should be potted in large pots,
and during summer watered with manured water,
and some manure kept on the surface; towards
the end of September or the middle of October,
if the weather is wet, they may be placed under
glass : they will bloom in fine perfection even as
late as November. I consider the culture of
these roses only in its infancy ; we shall ulti-
mately have the richest hues combined with per-
fection of form, and the complete plenitude of
their flowers.
144 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
It is difficult to point out roses of this family
that bear seed freely, except the Common Bour-
bon ; but Acidalie, planted against a south wall,
would probably give some seed. If any pollen
can be found, it might be fertilised with the
flowers of Julie de Loynes. A pure white and
true Bourbon rose ought to be the object ; there-
fore it should not be hybridised with any other
species. Gloire de Rosomene may be planted
against a south wall, with the Common Bourbon,
with which it should be carefully fertilised : some
interesting varieties may be expected from seed
thus produced. Queen of the Bourbons, planted
with the yellow China Rose, might possibly give
some seeds ; but those would not produce true
Bourbon roses, as the former is a hybrid, partaking
of the qualities of the Tea-scented roses. Du-
bourg, planted with La Tendresse, would give
seed from which some very delicate Blush roses
might be raised ; and Phoenix, fertilised with the
Common Bourbon, would also probably produce
seed worth attention.
THE CHINA ROSE.
(ROSA INDICA.)
This rose is said by botanists to be a native of
China, from whence it was introduced to our
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 145
gardens in 1789. Its ever-blooming qualities have
made it a favourite, from the cottage to the palace ;
and perhaps no plants have contributed so much
to enliven our cottage walls as the common China
Rose (Rosa Indica), and the crimson China Rose,
or Rosa semperflorens. These roses have been,
and are, considered distinct species by botanists.
Like all other cultivated roses, they sport much
from seed ; but the descendants of each may ge-
nerally be recognised by a close observer. The
common and its varieties make strong green
luxuriant shoots, with flowers varying in colour
from pure white to crimson. The crimson also
takes a wide range ; for though its original colour
is crimson, yet I have reason to believe that the
pure white, which was raised in Essex, came from
its seed. In describing the varieties, those that
are decidedly of the Semperflorens family I shall
mark with S. after the name. I should most
certainly have placed them in a separate division,
were it not for the numerous intermediate va-
rieties, in which it is impossible to decide to
which species they lean.
Admiral Duperri, S., is a pretty, brilliant, crim-
son rose, distinct and worth cultivating : Alba
elegans, though not white, as its name implies, is a
fine double rose of the palest flesh-colour, and a good
distinct variety. Archduke Charles is a new rose,
and very beautiful. Soon after expansion, the tips
of most of its petals change to crimson, giving it
L
146 THE AUTUMJSTAL ROSE GARDEN.
a pretty variegated appearance. Belle Archinto
and Bardon are both pale-coloured fine roses, very
double and good, but resembling each other too
much to be planted in the same bed. Beau Car-
min, S., is a rich dark crimson-shaded rose, raised
in the Luxembourg Gardens, and a fine and dis-
tinct variety. Belle de Florence is a very double
and finely-shaped pale carmine rose, very distinct
and pretty. Belle Isidore, like a few others in
this division, is a changeable rose : its flowers will
open in the morning, and show only the colour of
the common China Rose, but by the afternoon
they will have changed to a dark crimson. Ca-
mellia blanche is an old variety, with large glo-
bular flowers of the purest white : this rose has a
fine effect on a standard, as its flowers are gener-
ally pendulous. Camellia rouge is also an old
variety, not differing in colour from the common,
but with stiff petals and very erect flowers, giving
it a Camellia-like appearance. Cameleon, like
Belle Isidore, is a changeable rose, and very pro-
perly named : this has larger flowers than Isidore,
though not quite so double, and a more robust
habit, so that it forms a good standard. The two
finest varieties of these mutable roses are Arch-
duke Charles and Virginie ; during their change
they are often variegated like a carnation, and
are truly beautiful. Comtesse de Molore is a
new rose, said to be fine and distinct, but it
has not yet bloomed here in perfection. Cou-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 147
ronne des Pourpres is a dark crimson changeable
rose ; to this colour the French give the name of
" pourpre," or purple : this is apt to mislead, as
our purple is, as I scarcely need say, so totally
different. Cramoisie eblouissante, S., and Cra-
moisie superieure, S., the last, the finest, and most
double, are both brilliant and excellent varieties
of Rosa semperflorens. Countess of Albemarle
is now a rose tolerably well known ; this was a
great favourite in France when first originated :
it is a fine robust variety, very fragrant, and
forms a good standard. Due de Bordeaux is
now an old, but still a pretty and distinct rose,
with that bluish-lilac tinge peculiar to a few va-
rieties in this division. Duchess of Kent, S., is
quite a gem ; so perfect is the shape of its very
double and delicately coloured flowers, that it
must and will become a favourite. Fabvier, S.,
approaches nearer to scarlet than any other China
Rose ; its flowers are not quite double, but very
brilliant and beautiful. Gardenia is a variety,
approaching to the Tea-scented roses in its habit ;
its flowers have also a peculiar fragrance : this is a
distinct rose. Grandiflora is one of the most robust
and finest of its class ; it a little resembles that
well-known rose, Triompharite, orPseony Noisette,
but has larger and more globular-shaped flowers :
this is a fine and distinct variety, and forms a
good standard. Henry the Fifth, S., is one of
those vivid scarlet roses that in calm cloudy
L 2
148 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
weather are so beautiful; a hot sun very soon
diminishes that excessive brilliancy of colour : this
is a fine rose, with flowers very double and per-
fect. Joseph Deschiens has rather small but
very double and perfect flowers of a reddish
crimson; this is a variety quite distinct, and
worth cultivation. Louis Philippe d' Angers, S.,
is a good rose, which, having often been sent
from France as " Louis Philippe," has given rise
to several mistakes, as there is a Tea-scented rose
of this name, quite different in character, for
which this has been substituted. Madame Desprez
and Madame Bureau are both fine white roses,
yet distinct in their habit. Madame Desprez
is one of the largest white China Roses we pos-
sess. Marjolin is a fine dark crimson variety,
likely to prove one of our most popular roses ; but
it is proper to mention that there are two Marjo-
lins : this trick of giving the same name to two
roses raised by opposition cultivators is very pre-
valent in France, and opens a door to deception ;
the Marjolin described here is a fine and distinct
rose, robust and hardy, and likely to form a good
standard. Napoleon is a sterling good variety,
with large bell-shaped flowers of a fine bright pink.
Roi des Cramoisies, S., is a beautiful and bril-
liant rose, with flowers very double and nearly
scarlet. Rubens or Ruban pourpre is a new and
splendid rose from the Luxembourg Gardens : this
Is one of the finest shaded dark roses known.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 149
Romaine Desprez is a beautiful and very double
and large rose, finely shaped, of robust habit, dis-
tinct, and calculated to make a popular variety.
Reine de Paestum approaches the Tea Rose in
habit and scent ; its petals are too thin and flaccid
to bear exposure to our summer and autumnal
showers. Sulphurea superba is a fine and very
double variety of the yellow Chinese or Tea
Rose : its flowers are large, rather flat, and quite
unique. Triomphe de Gand is a shaded rose
of very robust growth, forming a fine standard.
Triomphante, Paeony, Noisette, Indica superba,
La Superbe, or Grande et Belle, for like all very
good and old roses it has several names, is a fine
and distinct variety, erect and robust in its
growth, and forming a fine standard; an entire
clump of this rose, with its large, shaded, crimson
flowers, would have a fine effect.
New China Roses are raised with such facility in
France that it is difficult to cultivate and describe
all that are introduced. In list No. II. I have
given the new and most desirable varieties, but to
a few I ought to give a word or two of praise.
As a white China Rose, Clara Sylvain is quite
unequalled ; it grows so freely, its flowers are so
globular, and it gives them in such abundance,
that it must be a favourite. Miellez is pretty
from its erect clusters of flowers, something like
Aimee Vibert Noisette ; but they are not double
enough to compete with Clara Sylvain. Belle
L 3
150 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Emile, Eugene Hardi, and Mrs. Bosanquet are
all beautiful roses of their class ; their colours are
all of the most delicate blush or flesh colour.
Augustine Hersent, although not a new rose, is
not enough known ; it is one of the very finest
bright rose-coloured China Roses we possess, and
of most hardy and luxuriant habits. Fenelon
(Desprez) is a deep rose-coloured variety, with
erect clusters of flowers, which are large and very
double. Prince Charles and Eugene Beauharnais
are two Luxembourg* roses of great excellence ;
their flowers are large and globular, of a fine rosy
red : the latter is the deeper in colour.
In cultivating China Roses but little care is
required, as most of them are quite hardy; all
those marked S., as varieties of Rosa semper-
florens, are adapted for the front edges of beds or
clumps, as they are of more humble growth than
the varieties of the Common. It must also be
recollected that the latter are those alone adapted
for standards. The varieties of Rosa semperflorens,
though they will exist for several years on the
Dog Rose stock, yet do not form ornamental
heads, but become stinted and diseased; on the
contrary, the varieties of the China Rose, as
standards, particularly on short stems two to three
feet in height, form magnificent heads swelling
and uniting with the stock, and giving a mass of
bloom from June to November ; on tall stems I
* Raised in the Gardens of the Luxembourg by M, Hardy.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 151
have not found them flourish equally. About
the end of March, not earlier, the branches of
standards will require thinning out, and shorten-
ing to about half their length ; in summer a con-
stant removal of their faded flowers is necessary,
and this is all the pruning they require.
Every well-appointed flower-garden ought to
have a collection of China Eoses worked on short
stems in large pots ; these, by surface manuring,
and manured water, may be grown to a degree
of perfection of which they have not yet been
thought capable ; and by forcing in spring, and
retarding in autumn by removing their bloom-
buds in August, they will flower early and late,
so that we may be reminded of that pleasant season
" rose-tide " the greater portion of the year.
To succeed in making these roses bear and
ripen their seed in this country, a warm dry soil
and south wall is necessary ; or, if the plants are
trained to a flued wall, success would be more
certain. If variegated China Koses could be
originated they would repay the care bestowed.
This is not too much to hope for, and, perhaps,
by planting Camellia Panache with Miellez,
Cameleon with Camellia Blanc, and Etna with
Napoleon, seeds will be procured from which
shaded and striped flowers may reasonably be
expected. Eugene Beauharnais with Fabvier
would probably produce first-rate brilliant coloured
flowers. Triomphante, by removing a few of the
L 4
152 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
small central petals just before their flowers
are expanded, and fertilising them with pollen
from Fabvier or Henry the Fifth, would give
seed ; and, as the object ought to be in this family
to have large flowers with brilliant colours and
plants of hardy robust habits, no better union can
be formed. China Roses, if blooming in an airy
greenhouse, will often produce fine seed ; by fer-
tilising their flowers it may probably be ensured.
In addition, therefore, to those planted against a
wall, some strong plants of the above varieties
should be grown in pots in the greenhouse.
THE TEA-SCENTED CHINA ROSE.
(ROSA INDICA ODORATA.)
The original Rosa odorata, or Blush Tea-
scented Rose, has long been a favourite. This
pretty variation of the China Rose was imported
from China in 1810; from hence it was sent to
France, where, in combination with the yellow
China or Tea Rose, it has been the fruitful parent
of all the splendid varieties we now possess.
Mr. Parkes introduced the yellow variety from
China in 1824; and even now, though so many
fine varieties have been raised, but few surpass it in
the size and beauty of its flowers, semi-double as
they are ; it has but a very slight tea-like scent,
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 153
but its offspring have generally a delicious fra-
grance, which I impute to their hybridisation
with Rosa odorata. In France the yellow Tea Rose
is exceedingly popular, and in the summer and
autumn months hundreds of plants are sold in the
flower markets of Paris, principally worked on little
stems or C( mi-tiges." They are brought to mar-
ket in pots, with their heads partially enveloped
in coloured paper in such an elegant and effective
mode, that it is scarcely possible to avoid being
tempted to give two or three francs for such
a pretty object. In the fine climate of Italy
Tea-scented Roses bloom in great perfection
during the autumn : our late autumnal months
are often too moist and stormy for them, but in
August they generally flower in England very
beautifully. I was much impressed in the autumn
of 1835 with the effects of climate on these roses ;
for in a small enclosed garden at Versailles I saw,
in September, hundreds of plants of yellow Tea
Roses covered with ripe seeds and flowers. The
French cultivators say that it very rarely pro-
duces a variety worth notice. The culture of
Tea-scented Roses is quite in its infancy in this
country, but surely no class more deserves care
and attention ; in calm weather, in early autumn,
their large and fragrant flowers are quite unique,
and add much to the variety and beauty of the
autumnal rose garden. /
Among the most distinct varieties known to
154 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
be worth culture, for many new Tea-roses from
France will not flourish in our climate, are the
following : —
Aurore, an old but fine rose, a hybrid of the
yellow China and Rosa odorata, and partaking of
both, for its flowers are, when first open, of a
delicate straw colour, soon changing to blush.
Belle H61£ne is a pale variety of the original
Tea Rose, with flowers larger and more double ;
a distinct and good rose. Caroline, a pretty
rose, with flowers very double, of a bright rose
colour, and very perfect in their shape. Flon
is a new and beautiful rose, a sort of fawn-
coloured blush ; its flowers very large and fra-
grant. Fragrans, one of our oldest varieties, is
but a very slight remove from the crimson China,
but it has acquired, by being hybridised, the
pleasing perfume of this family. Goubault is
a most excellent rose, as it is remarkably ro-
bust and hardy, and will probably form a fine
standard. Hardy, or Gloire de Hardy, is a most
superb vivid rose of the largest size, of most
luxuriant growth, and well calculated for a
standard; this will bo one of our popular Tea
Roses. Hamon is also a very fine rose, but
rather too delicate for the open borders : this is
a changeable variety ; sometimes its flowers are
blush tinged with buff, and sometimes, when
forced, they are of a deep crimson. Lyonnais is
a very large pale flesh-coloured rose, hardy, and
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 155
worthy he attention of the amateur. Mansais is
a rose in colour something like Noisette Jaune
Desprez, but not constantly so; this is a fine
rose, but I cannot yet pronounce whether it is
hardy or otherwise.* Odoratissima is a very free-
growing and pretty lilac rose, more than ordi-
narily fragrant, and apparently very hardy. Pa-
lavicini has been much admired and also much
depreciated, owing to the different appearances it
has taken under cultivation. On its own roots,
and in a weak state, it is poor and insignificant,
looking like a bad variety of the yellow China
Hose ; but when budded on a strong branch of
the Common China or the Blush Boursault, it will
bloom in a splendid manner, so as to appear quite
a different rose: a branch budded a few years
ago, and blooming very finely on the wall of the
council room at the Horticultural Society, at-
tracted much attention. I believe it is of Italian
origin, as many fine Tea-scented and China Roses
are raised from seed annually in Italy, but not
distributed. Princesse Marie is one of the finest
roses in this group. I saw this variety blooming
in Paris in June (1837), in greater perfection
than any other Tea Rose : its flowers were from
four to five inches in diameter. Pactolus is a
yellow rose, of a pale sulphur, approaching to a
bright yellow in the centre of the flower: this
* This proves to be as hardy as the most robust of the Tea
Roses.
156 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
proves robust and hardy, and one of the best
yellow Tea Roses known. Reve du bonheur is a
singularly beautiful tinged rose, forming a fine
large cup, but not very double. Silene is a
robust and hardy variety, with large shaded red
and blush flowers, very double : this will make a
fine standard, and grow in any situation. Strombio
is now an old rose, but no variety can be more de-
serving of cultivation; when growing on a standard,
its large and pendulous cream-coloured flowers are
quite beautiful. Taglioni is a full sized, fine
white rose, shaded with blush towards its centre,
and a hardy and good variety. Triomphe du
Luxembourg has made some noise in Paris; in
the autumn of 1835 it was sold at thirty or forty
francs per plant ; it does not bloom quite so fine
in this country as in France, but under any cir-
cumstances it is a fine and distinct variety : its
colour is rose very peculiarly tinged with yel-
lowish buff. The yellow Tea or yellow China
Rose, for they are one and the same, is placed
here, as it has decidedly more of the habit and
appearance of the Tea-scented Rose than of the
China: its smooth glossy leaves and faint odour
of tea sufficiently show its affinity.
To these some new varieties of extraordinary
beauty have been added, among which Elisa
Sauvage, a fine straw-coloured rose, of rather a
deeper tinge than the Yellow Tea, with flowers
very large and double, richly deserves cultivation.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 157
Princesse Helene of the Luxembourg is also a fine
rose, of the same range of colour, with very large
globular flowers. Duchesse de Mecklenbourg is of
a more creamy yellow, and really a most beautiful
rose. Lutescens Grandiflora is one of the largest
of these yellow Tea Roses ; its flowers are cupped,
very large, and of deep yellow towards the centre
of the flower-cup.
Belle Allemande may be described as a creamy
fawn-coloured rose. The blending of the colours
in these roses is difficult to describe ; this is also a
most magnificent rose, and apparently very hardy
and robust. Anteros or Antherose is also a new
rose of this range of colour, but often much paler
than Belle Allemande, depending upon climate
and situation ; it may generally be calculated that
Tea Roses are less vivid in our moist climate than
in France. Comte Osmond is a beautiful cream-
coloured rose, very double and perfect in its
flowers.
In rose-coloured varieties we have two or three
very superb. Gigantesque, a Luxembourg Rose,
is one of the largest Tea Roses we possess, and
richly deserves its name. Bougere is a most sin-
gular and beautiful rose ; its flowers are of a fine
rose-colour, often slightly shaded with bronze,
and of first-rate form and quality. Mareschal
Vallee is also a rose-coloured Tea Rose, with
flowers very large and double ; this is a new and
first-rate variety.
158 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Some very beautiful roses of this class have
been introduced since the publication of the second
edition, among which Devoniensis takes a high
rank. This is not yellow, as was at first supposed,
but of a fine creamy white ; and, when cultivated
highly, produces flowers of an immense size : for
forcing, this is a most valuable rose, and highly
fragrant. Comte de Paris is also a magnificent
variety, with finely-cupped flowers of pale rose
colour. This variety opens freely in any situa-
tion, and is very hardy and robust. Josephine
Malton, equally hardy and robust, is a rose of the
first class, having large and elegantly-formed
cupped flowers ; colour creamy white. Adam is
one of the very largest roses in this family : its
flowers are not so regularly shaped as the above ;
colour rose, very fragrant, and showy. Moire, a
fawn-coloured variety, shaded with cream and
rose, has petals of remarkable substance, so that
it withstands heat much better than most in this
class : this is a first-rate and beautiful rose. Sa-
frano, like the old yellow Tea Rose, is most beauti-
ful in bud, and, when half expanded, its flowers
are then of the brightest saffron ; but, when fully
open and exposed to the sun, they soon fade to
nearly white.
As these interesting roses require more care in
their culture than any yet described, I will en-
deavour to give the most explicit directions I am
able, so as to insure at least a chance of success.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 159
One most essential rule must be observed in all
moist soils and situations; when grown on their
own roots they must have a raised border in some
warm and sheltered place. This may be made with
flints or pieces of rock in the shape of a detached
rock border, or a four-inch cemented brick wall,
one foot or eighteen inches high, may be built on
the southern front of a wall, thick hedge, or
wooden fence, at a distance so as to allow the
border to be two feet wide; the earth of this
border must be removed to eighteen inches in
depth, nine inches filled up with pieces of bricks,
tiles, stones, or lime rubbish; on this place a
layer of compost, half loam or garden mould, and
half rotten dung well mixed, to which add some
river or white pit-sand : this layer of mould ought
to be a foot thick or more, so as to aUow for its
settling: the plants may be planted about two
feet apart. In severe frosty weather, in the dead
of winter, (you need not begin till December,)
protect them with green furze or whin branches,
or any kind of light spray that will admit the air
and yet keep off the violence of severe frost. I
have found the branches of furze the best of all
protectors. With this treatment they will seldom
receive any injury from our severest winters, and
they will bloom in great perfection all summer.
This is the culture they require if grown as low
dwarfs on their own roots ; but perhaps the most
eligible mode for the amateur is to grow them
160 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
budded or grafted on low stems of the Dog Rose,
or Blush Boursault, which seems, if possible, even
a more congenial stock ; they may be then ar-
ranged in the beds of any flower-garden, and
graduated in height so as to form a bank of foliage
and flowers. Grafted or budded plants when esta-
blished will in general brave our severest winters ;
but still it will be most prudent in November
either to remove them to some warm shed, and
lay their roots in damp mould, or to reduce their
heads and give each plant an oiled paper cap.*
This is a mode practised in the north of Italy
with great success, to protect their tender roses
and other plants ; and though paper caps may not
be thought objects of ornament on an English
lawn, yet the method will be found very eligible
in many cases. In March those that have been
laid on the shed for protection may be removed to
the flower borders, pruning off all superfluous and
dead shoots ; they will bloom the following sum-
mer in great perfection, and in general surpass
those that have been suffered to remain in the
" If these beautiful Roses are grown as standards they must
have protection : the most simple method is to remove them in
December, and lay their roots in the ground near a north wall or
fence, their heads resting against the wall ; over these a mat
should be nailed during frost. For forcing or blooming early in
spring in the greenhouse they form beautiful plants, budded on
neat steins about 1 ft. in height: these, if potted in November,
give abundance of flowers in spring, of a larger size than when
grown on their own roots." — Extract from Catalogue for 1843.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 161
ground without protection. Some of the varieties
are much more robust and vigorous than others,
and equally beautiful as those of more delicate
habits ; it will therefore be scarcely worth while
to grow any but what are of known hardihood
and vigour. I have pointed out some of these in
my notices, but time can only make a knowledge
of their habits more perfect. Worked plants of
Tea- scented roses force very well: they do not
require to be established one year in pots, for if
only potted in October or November, and forced
with a gentle heat in January and February, they
will bloom finely ; in March and April the ex-
treme beauty of their foliage and flowers will
amply repay the attention given to them, as they
have a peculiar softness and delicacy of appear-
ance when forced and growing luxuriantly.
With attention, some very beautiful roses of
this family may be originated from seed, but the
plants must be trained against a south wall; if
flued the better, in a warm dry soil, or grown
in pots under glass : a warm greenhouse, or the
forcing-house will be most proper for them, so
that they bloom in May, as their heps are a long
time ripening.
For yellow roses, Lutescens grandiflora and
the Duchesse de Mecldenbourg may be planted
with the Yellow Tea, which abounds in pollen;
some fine roses, almost to a certainty, must be
raised from seed produced by such fine unions :
M
162 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
for the sake of curiosity a few flowers of the above
might be fertilised with the Double Yellow Briar
or Rosa Harrisonii. The Yellow Tea bears seed
abundantly, but it has been found, from repeated
experiments, that a good or even a mediocre rose
is seldom or never produced from it ; but fertilised
with the Yellow Briar, something original may be
realised. Gigantesque and Tea Hardy, planted
with Prince Esterhazy, would produce seed of
fine quality, from which large and bright rose-
coloured varieties might be expected. Archi-
duchesse Therese and Duchesse de Gazes, planted
with Bride of Abydos, would give pure white Tea
Roses ; and Mansais with Dremont would pro-
bably originate first-rate fawn-coloured roses ; but
the central petals of Mansais should be carefully
removed with tweezers or plyers, as its flowers
are too double for it to be a certain seed-bearer.
Belisaire, which is a hybrid, approaching very
near to the China Rose, should be planted with
William Wallace, as fine and large Crimson Tea
roses are still wanting.
THE MINIATURE ROSE.
(RosA LAWRENCEANA.)
In the botanical catalogues this curious little
rose is said to have been introduced from China
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 163
in 1810, and botanists have made it a species;
but, like the Hose de Meaux and Pompon Roses,
which are dwarf varieties of Rosa centifolia, this is
undoubtedly nothing but a dwarf seminal variety
of the common China Rose. Many plants that
have been long under cultivation have a tendency
to produce from seed these pigmy likenesses of
themselves : among these little " faerie queens,"
Caprice des Dames is a pretty morsel of beauty
with vivid rose-coloured flowers. Gloire des Law-
renceanas is one of the prettiest of the tribe ; its
flowers are of a dark crimson, and larger than
those of any other variety. Jenny and Lillipu-
tienne are both of them bright-coloured and
pretty roses. Nigra has not black flowers, but
they are of the darkest crimson, and very pretty.
This was named by some florist, with that exag-
geration peculiar to the craft ; this is not done by
the florist wilfully to deceive, but is merely given
as descriptive of what he wishes the flower to be,
rather than of what it really is. Brugmansia san-
guinea is a case in point ; and many other sangui-
neas and coccineas might be mentioned, in which
the colours of the flowers which bear those im-
posing names approach to any thing rather than
blood or scarlet. To return to Roses ; Pallida is
the only variety in this division approaching to
white. Its flowers, when they first open, are
nearly of pure white, but they soon change to a
pale flesh-colour: this is rather a delicate rose,
M 2
164 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
seeming very impatient of cold and damp. Petite
Laponne is a brilliant little rose, quite worthy a
place in the group ; as is also Retour du Prin-
temps, which is different from all the others ; its
pretty little flowers being surrounded by a leafy
calyx, and the whole plant tinged with a reddish
colouring matter.
These roses are all very impatient of moisture,
and in all moist soils require a very dry warm
raised border. I have not yet had an opportunity
of seeing them grow in dry soils, but I think it
probable .that the light sandy soils of Surrey
would suit them admirably. In cold situations it
will be advisable to grow them constantly in pots,
protecting them in a cold pit or frame till Janu-
ary, and then, if required to bloom early, remove
them to a warm situation in the greenhouse, or
force them with the Tea-scented Eoses. A col-
lection of these little rose-bushes, covered with
their bright flowers in March and April, will be
found one of the most eligible and unique orna-
ments for the drawing-room.
THE NOISETTE ROSE.
The original of this remarkable group, the
•Blush Noisette" Eose, was raised from seed in
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 165
America by Monsieur Philippe Noisette, and
sent by him to his brother, Monsieur Louis Noi-
sette, the well-known nurseryman at Paris, in the
year 1817. Perhaps no new rose was ever so
much admired as this. When first introduced,
its habit was so peculiar, and so unlike any other
known variety, that the Parisian amateurs were
quite enraptured with it. It was produced from
the seed of the old Musk Rose (Rosa moschata),
the flowers of which had been fertilised with
the common China Rose. The perfume of the
Musk Rose is very apparent : its tendency to
bloom in large clusters also shows its affinity to
that old and very remarkable rose, but since its
introduction to France so many seedlings have
been raised from it, and so many of these are
evidently hybrids of the Tea-scented and other
roses, that some of the roses called " Noisettes "
have almost lost the characters of the group ; for,
in proportion as the size of the flowers have been
increased by hybridising, their clustering tendency
and the number of them in one corymb has been
diminished. Among the varieties most deserving
of notice is Aimee Vibert, or "Rosa nivea," a
seedling from the Rosa sempervivens plena, which
it resembles, but much surpasses its parent in the
valuable quality of autumnal blooming. Nothing
can be prettier than a large plant of Aimee Vibert
Noisette, covered with its snow-white flowers, in
September and October. Andreselle is a fine
M 3
166 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
lilac rose, in colour like that old variety Noisette
Bougainville, but much superior in the size and
shape of its flowers. Ariel is a fine and vigorous-
growing rose, blooming in immense corymbs ; its
flowers are of the most delicate blush, tinged with
buff: this is a distinct and pretty variety. Belle
Violette is a genuine Noisette, and a very neat
and pretty little rose : its flowers are of a rosy
lilac, and very distinct and good. Belle Antonine
is a pillar Noisette, of very robust habit, with
flowers delicately-coloured and well-shaped. In
designating some of these as pillar Noisettes, those
varieties that are very vigorous growers, making
long and flexible shoots, are intended. Boulogne
is one of the few dark-coloured Noisettes, and
when first its flowers open they are very beautiful,
their colour being a dark crimson-purple. Beurre
Frais is singular, but scarcely double enough ; its
delicate butter-colour soon changes to white in
the sun. Bouquet tout fait, a pillar Noisette, is a
most vigorous grower, forming immense corymbs ;
this may be taken for the original Noisette at first
sight, but it is more fragrant, and its flowers buff
towards their centre. Camellia Rose, but not the
Camellia Rose of the French catalogues, is a pillar
Noisette of first-rate excellence, with large and
finely-shaped bright red flowers, and a most luxu-
riant grower. Cadot is also a pillar Noisette, with
large and very double flowers : a good and dis-
tinct variety. Cerise is also a pillar Noisette
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 167
equal to either of the foregoing: its large and
deep-coloured globular flowers, of a deep rosy
purple, are beautiful at any time and in any
situation. Charles X. is a pretty rose in very
dry weather, but in moist weather its buds will
not open, neither will it live long as a standard,
never forming a proper union with the stock.
Castalie is a variety, of a delicate flesh-colour,
very distinct and pretty.
Clarisse Harlowe is a piUar rose of first-rate
excellence ; its flowers are very large and double,
and its growth excessively vigorous, so that it
soon forms a large column. Fellenberg is a
Noisette well deserving of praise, if only for its
brilliant crimson. It is but a short time since a
bright crimson Noisette did not exist : this rose,
when grown luxuriantly, is a most charming plant.
Grandiflora is a very old rose, but mentioned here
that its synonymes may be given : as " Noisette
Lee," "Blush Perpetual China," and "Triomphe
des Noisettes." It has been extensively cultivated.
Hardy is a pillar Noisette, quite worth cultiva-
tion ; its large pale flowers have a deep rose and
buif centre; its habit is so vigorous that it will
shoot from six to eight feet in one season. Jaune
Desprez, or the new French Yellow Noisette, is a
well-known and much-esteemed rose : as a pillar
or a standard it is equally beautiful ; its fragrance
is also very remarkable. This was originated by
M. Desprez about fifteen years since, and is still,
M 4
168 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
and will be for some time to come, a very popular
rose. It is, most probably, a hybrid between the
Yellow Tea and a Noisette rose of some kind : it
sold for a high price in France, when first sent
forth to the rose world, as its name was very
tempting, for a yellow fragrant Noisette rose was
thought to be worth any price. The name, like
many other floral names, was, certainly, quite
calculated to make an impression. Its rosy
copper-coloured flowers are very singular, and so
powerfully fragrant that one plant will perfume a
large garden in the cool weather of autumn. A
pillar of this rose, twelve or twenty feet high,
would be a grand object on a well-kept lawn.
Lamarque is another hybrid Noisette, approach-
ing to the Tea-scented rose in the size and fra-
grance of its flowers. This is a most vigorous
grower, but not quite so hardy as Jaune Desprez.
As a standard it is quite superb, for its large pale
sulphur-coloured or nearly white flowers are pen-
dant from their weight, and have a fine effect. It
is rather impatient of cold, and will not bloom
unless budded on some strong-growing rose : on
its own root it is a weak grower, and scarcely like
the same rose when grafted and grown vigorously.
Lelieur is a pretty little dark purplish-crimson
rose, and deservedly a favourite, as its colour is
so vivid : the point of each petal is tipped with
white. La Biche is a pillar Noisette, with very
large pale flowers, inclining to fawn-colour in the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 169
centre : a very fragrant, beautiful, and distinct
rose.
Luxembourg is a fine variety, with large and
very double flowers, of a bright purplish rose:
this will probably prove a good climber, and if
so, it will form a magnificent pillar. Madame
Laffay was raised from seed by Monsieur Laffay,
and sold at a high price; but its habit is so
delicate, and its flowers so small, that it has not
pleased the generality of amateurs. Nankin, or
" Noisette a boutons Nankin," or " Noisette mu-
tabilis," is a very distinct and pretty rose. In the
morning, before the sun has much power, or in
cloudy weather, its clusters of flowers are of a
bright nankin-colour, changing to white a few
hours after expansion. Princesse d' Orange is a
pretty and fragrant white Noisette : its flowers
are sometimes very curiously and irregularly
shaped. The Ked Noisette, a very old variety,
Was raised from seed by Mr. Wells, of Redleaf :
it is a pretty bright semi-double rose, now eclipsed
by new and fine varieties. Smith's Yellow is
certainly more nearly allied to the Tea-scented
roses than to the Noisettes, for of this family it
has not a feature : if forced, this is a fine rose,
but it is scarcely fit for the open air in this coun-
try, as the moisture of the atmosphere glues its
outer petals together so firmly that its flowers
seldom or never open.
To Noisette Roses but few striking additions
170 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
have been made since 1837 ; but the following are
pretty : indeed this term may be applied to all the
Noisettes known. Miss Glegg is a white rose tinged
with blush, of medium growth, worth cultivation.
Ne plus ultra is a fine cream-coloured rose, which
forces admirably, and is highly fragrant. Euphro-
sine, a miniature likeness of Jaune Desprez, with
the same peculiar fragrance, but less of fawn co-
lour, and Vitellina, one of the same character, but
inclined to cream colour, are both interesting va-
rieties. Corymbosa is a remarkable rose, with pure
white flowers ; its foliage is rough, dark green, and
totally unlike that of any other rose. Zobeide
is a very pretty variety, with flowers of a vivid
rose colour. We have so many pale Noisettes,
that this is a welcome addition. Due de Nemours
is a new rose; this has lilac-rose flowers, which
are very double and well-shaped. Victorieuse, like
Lamarque and several others, is a hybrid Tea Rose
of first-rate qualities, but not very hardy.
We have but few additions to this class; in fact
there are only two worthy of especial notice ;
these have been raised at Angers, from Noisette
Lamarque, and no two roses have perhaps so well
rewarded with their beauty the care of a culti-
vator : the first in merit is Noisette Cloth of Gold,
called in France Chromatella. One would sup-
pose, to see this rose in bud, that it could not be
a yellow rose, as the extreme outer petals are nearly
of a cream colour, but when expanded it is one of
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GARDEN. 171
the most brilliant and beautiful of yellow roses.>
with petals thick and waxy, bearing exposure to
the hottest sun without fading. In habit it is very
robust, bearing in this respect much resemblance
to Jaime Desprez ; its leaves are large, shining,
and the whole plant, when in luxuriant growth,
most beautiful. While rare, as at present, it would
not be prudent to expose it during the winter in
the open border ; a south wall will probably be
the best situation for it, as it seems to delight in
heat ; but when more abundant it may doubtless
be planted out as a pillar rose, for which it is ad-
mirably adapted, as it makes shoots four to six feet
in length in one season : cultivated in this manner
it will doubtless require protection. Noisette Sol-
faterre is of the same parentage, with flowers not
so globular as the preceding, but rather flat, like
those of Jaune Desprez ; colour pale lemon, leaves
more pointed and narrow, like those of its parent.
This is a rose of much beauty, and of the same
robust habit as N. Cloth of Gold ; with regard to
treatment, it will be advisable, at present, to plant
it against a south wall, till its capability of bear-
ing our winters is tested.
Since the above was written a new crimson
Noisette has for the first time bloomed. This is
called Pourpre de Tyr. Its flowers, however, are
not of Tyrian purple, but brilliant crimson, large,
and very double. The habit of the plant is ex-
ceedingly robust. Foliage large, dark green, and
172 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
abundant. This is undoubtedly the finest crimson
Noisette rose known.
The individuals of this group are so varied in
character, that they may be employed as objects
of ornament in a variety of ways. I will first give
their culture as pillar roses, for which some of them
are so finely adapted. Perhaps the most pic-
turesque mode of growing pillar roses is to group
them in clumps of three, five, seven, or nine, or to
any extent in proportion to the size of the ground
required to be ornamented. A group of rose pil-
lars, on an artificial mound, has a very imposing
effect, and in wet situations this will be found the
most advantageous mode of growing them. The
posts should be made of yellow deal, or larch, or
oak, and charred as far as inserted in the ground;
they should be from ten to fifteen feet in height,
and stout, so that they can be firmly fixed in the
ground ; each post ought to be, at least, from nine
to twelve inches in circumference. For roses of
more humble growth, iron stakes, from six to seven
feet in height, will be found more light and
elegant in appearance than those of wood, and of
course more durable. It must be borne in mind,
that pillar roses cannot have too much manure ;
therefore, when they are planted, mix plenty with
the soil they are planted in, and give them an
annual surface dressing.
As standards, Noisette Hoses require but little
culture; the principal care is to be prompt in
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 173
cutting off the decayed and decaying clusters of
flowers, during the blooming season; and, in
March, to thin out their superfluous branches.
All the pillar Noisettes form fine drooping
standards : as dwarfs for beds, many of the va-
rieties are very eligible, for they will grow and
bloom luxuriantly in all soils and situations. To
ensure their receiving no injury in very exposed
situations, cut them down to within a foot of the
surface of the soil in November, and place over each
plant, or rather thatch it, with a thick covering of
furze branches, to continue on till March. This will
effectually protect them from the frost. This cover-
ing, as elsewhere recommended, must be removed
gradually, so that the young and tender shoots
are not exposed to the cold air too suddenly. For
ornamenting wire-fences these roses are also
admirably adapted, as they can be trained with
great facility, and they will form, in such situ-
ations, a blooming boundary for at least four
months in the year.
But few of the Noisette Roses will bear seed in
this country ; the following, however, if planted
against a south wall, and carefully fertilised, would
probably produce some. The object here should
be to obtain dark crimson varieties with large
flowers, and for this purpose Fellenberg should
be fertilised with Cerise or Boulogne, and again,
Cerise with Fellenberg, Cerise may also be
planted with the China Hose Fabvier, and Bou-
174 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN,
logne with the same; if seed can be procured,
fine deep-coloured and nearly genuine Noisette
roses would be produced. It will be interesting
also to try Noisette Nankin fertilised with the
Yellow China; from this union yellow or buff-
coloured Noisettes might possibly be originated,
and these of course would be unique and of great
interest. Beurre Frais with Duchesse de Meck-
lenbourg would probably give straw-coloured
varieties, and these would be large and fragrant,
as in Lamarque and Jaune Desprez. In these
directions for procuring seed from roses by fer-
tilising, I have confined myself to such varieties
as are almost sure to produce it ; but much must
be left to the amateur, as many roses may be
made fertile by removing their central petals,
and, consequently, very many varieties that I
have not noticed may be made productive.
THE MUSK ROSE.
(EOSA MOSCHATA.)
The White Musk Eose is one of the oldest
inhabitants of our gardens, and probably more
widely spread over the face of the earth than any
other rose. It is generally supposed that the attar
of roses is prepared in India from this species, and
THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN. 175
that this is also the rose of the Persian poets, in
the fragrant groves of which they love to describe
their " bulbul," or nightingale, as enchanting
them with its tuneful notes. The probability that
this is the famed rose of Persia is strengthened
by the fact, that it is much more fragrant in the
evening, or in the cool weather of autumn, than
at any other time or season, and probably in the
hot climate of Persia, only so in the coolness of
night, when nightingales delight to sing. A
recent traveller also remarks that the roses of
Persia are remarkably small and fragrant. There
are doubtless many seminal varieties of the
species ; their flowers differing in colour, but pos-
sessing the leading features of the original. Oli-
vier, who travelled in the first six years of the
French republic, mentions a rose tree at Ispahan,
called the " Chinese Eose Tree," fifteen feet
high, formed by the union of several stems, each
four or five inches in diameter. Seeds from this
tree were sent to Paris, and produced the com-
mon Musk Rose. It seems therefore possible
and probable, that this has been the parent of
nearly all their garden roses ; for, like most orien-
tals, their habits are not, and have not been, en-
terprising enough to stimulate them to import
roses from distant countries. Large and very old
plants of the Musk Rose may sometimes be seen
in the gardens of old English country houses.
The Blush Musk, or Fraser's Musk, or Rosa
176 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
Fraserii, is not quite a pure Musk Rose : but as
it is the only rose of this division of the colour,
and also very fragrant, it has been much planted:
its flowers are semi-double, and produced in large
clusters. Eponine is a pure white, and very
double variety, one of the prettiest of the group.
The fringed or toothed Musk Rose has the end of
each petal indented : this is a vigorous-growing
and very fragrant little rose. Princesse de Nassau
is a very distinct and good variety, very fragrant,
and blooming in large clusters ; the flower-buds,
before they open, are nearly yellow, changing
to cream colour as they expand. The Ranun-
culus, or new White Musk, is merely an improved
variety of the old or original Musk Rose, with
flowers more double. Tea-scented is a hybrid,
with large flowers of a pure white, and very
pretty; this is apparently a seedling from the
Musk Rose, fertilised with some variety of the
Tea-scented Rose, as it has a most peculiar habit
and perfume.
Moschata Nivea, or the " Snow Bush," and one
or two other roses, from Nepaul, have the scent
peculiar to this group; but as they bloom but once
in the summer, and differ totally in some other
respects from the true Rosa moschata, I have not
included them. For the culture of the roses of
this division, that recommended for Noisette roses,
in beds and as standards, may be adopted, as their
habits are very similar.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 177
THE MACARTNEY ROSE.
(ROSA BRACTEATA.)
The single Macartney Rose was brought from
China, in 1795, by Lord Macartney, on his re-
turn from his embassy to that country. It now
forms the original of a pretty family ; but as it
does not bear seed freely, even in France, fine
varieties, as yet, are not abundant; its strictly
evergreen and shining foliage is a beautiful feature ;
and I hope ere long to see numerous varieties,
with double flowers of the same brilliant hues as
our other fine roses possess. Time will prove; but
I think it is not too much to anticipate, that, ulti-
mately, we shall not be satisfied unless all our
roses, even the moss roses, have evergreen foliage,
brilliant and fragrant flowers, and the habit of
blooming from June till November. This seems to
be an extravagant anticipation ; but perseverance in
gardening will yet achieve wonders. The Double
(the old variety) was the first double Macartney
Rose raised from seed : it is mentioned here to cau-
tion any one from planting it, as it is totally worth-
less, its flowers constantly dropping off without
opening. The Double Blush or Tea Victoire Mo-
deste is so much hybridised with the Tea-scented
rose, that it has lost many of the characters of
N
178 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GAKDEX.
the group : in dry situations this is a most beau-
tiful rose, but in wet weather its flowers do not
open well. Maria Leonida is now an established
favourite : its fine bell-shaped flowers of the purest
white, sometimes slightly tinged with pink to-
wards their centre, and its bright red anthers
peeping from among its central petals, give it an
elegant and pleasing character. Rosa Hardii, or
Rosa Berberifolia Hardii, is a most interesting
rose, lately raised from seed by Monsieur Hardy,
of the Luxembourg Gardens, from Rosa involu-
crata, a variety of Rosa bracteata, fertilised with
that unique rose, Rosa berberifolia, or the Single
Yellow Persian rose. This curious hybrid, like
its Persian parent, has single yellow flowers with a
dark eye (much like Cistus formosus), and ever-
green foliage; it seems quite hardy, and forms
the very prettiest li ttle bush possible. It will pro-
bably be the parent of an entirely new group ; and
what can be imagined more interesting in roses
than varieties with double yellow flowers and
evergreen leaves.
Macartney Roses sometimes suffer when ex-
posed to severe frost in the open borders of the
flower-garden: they will therefore require the
same protection as recommended for the Noisette
roses in cold situations. Maria Leonida is a fine
border rose, for, by pegging down its shoots as
they are produced in summer, a few plants soon
cover a bed, or clump, with a dense mass of
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 179
foliage and flowers, ornamenting the flower-
garden from three to four months in summer and
autumn : it also forms a very fine standard.
It requires the burning sun of Italy to make
these roses produce their seed: yet, by perse-
verance and careful cultivation, this desirable end
may be obtained. To raise a double variety of
Rosa Hardii is, at any rate, worth attempting.
A flued wall must be used to train the plants to ;
and in small gardens, where there is not such a
convenience, a hollow wall might be built, about
four or five feet in height and ten or twelve feet
long, of two courses of four-inch brickwork, with
a space between, into one end of which an Ar-
nott's stove might be introduced, and a pipe
carried in a straight line through to the opposite
end (each end must of course be built up to keep
in the hot air) ; this pipe would heat the air be-
tween the two courses of brickwork sufficiently
for the purpose. A fire should be kept every
night from the middle of May to the middle of
July ; and this treatment would possibly induce
some of these roses to give their seed. Rosa
Hardii would bloom freely if trained to a hot
wall ; and, if fertilised with the Double Yellow
Briar, seed may perhaps be obtained. Lucida,
with the Yellow China Rose, will also be an ex-
periment worth trying. Maria Leonida, fertilised
with the Tuscany Rose, might also give some
N 2
180 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
curious hybrids. This is all speculative ; but such
speculations are, unlike many others, exceedingly
innocent and interesting.
EOSA MICROPHYLLA.
(THE SMALL-LEAVED HOSE.)
Rosa rnicrophylla rubra, from which we have
derived all our varieties of this pretty family, was
introduced from the East in 1823. It is nearly
allied to the Macartney, and is most probably a
Chinese hybrid of that rose. The original im-
ported plant bearing double flowers makes it
appear more probable that it is a mere garden
variety. I have received seed from Italy of this
rose, and find that plants from it, to use a florist's
term, sport amazingly, no two appearing alike.
From Italian seed we have Alba odorata, a
vigorous-growing variety, partaking as much of
the Macartney Rose in its habit as of Rosa mi-
crophylla ; in fact, it is a complete hybrid. This
is a good evergreen rose, producing an abundance
of pale sulphur, or rather cream-coloured flowers :
they are sweet-scented, but do not in general open
freely. Carnea, or Rosea, is a pretty and remark-
able rose, forming a neat little bush, nearly ever-
green ; its flowers are double, and of a beautifully
THE AUTUMNAL HOSE GARDEN. 181
cupped shape. Coccinea, as in one or two in-
stances which I have noticed, is named with a
florist's licence : it is not scarlet, but a very pretty
double rose, of a deep reddish-rose colour, with
the same neatly shaped flowers as the last: to
these may be added Purpurea, Rubra variegata,
and Violacea, three varieties quite new ; but, as
they have not yet bloomed in this country, no
opinion can be given of their merits.
With the exception of Alba odorata, these roses
are not hardy enough to bear exposure in wet and
cold soils : they will perhaps grow for a time, but
seldom bloom well. A warm and dry elevated
border will suit them admirably, protecting them
with some spray, &c., as directed for Noisette
roses : but to see these very curious roses bloom
in perfection, bud them on short stems of the Dog
Rose, and treat them exactly as recommended for
the Tea-scented Roses ; they will then bloom
freely, either in pots or in the flower-borders, and
form delightful little plants, quite unique in their
characters and appearance.
A few of these may be planted against a hot
wall, as recommended for the Macartney Roses ;
and, possibly, Purpurea, fertilised with a bright-
coloured China Rose, as Fabvier, would give some
curious varieties. The Single Microphylla, with
Athelin or Henri Barbet, would perhaps give
some original and beautiful hybrids. Coccinea
might also be fertilised with the Tuscany. If
N 3
182 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
any of these roses can be made to produce seed,
interest
result.
interesting and curious varieties must be the
PROPAGATION OF AUTUMNAL ROSES.
As with the Summer Roses, these may be
propagated by layers, budding, grafting, and by
cuttings; the latter mode is the only one re-
quiring especial notice, as the other methods ap-
plied to Summer Roses are of equal use in propa-
gating these. All the families in this division
are propagated with great facility by cuttings ; in
fact, with China, Bourbon, and Tea Roses, it is the
only eligible way of getting plants on their own
roots. There are three seasons in which this
operation may be performed with success, in spring,
summer, and autumn.
For spring cuttings, it will be necessary to re-
sort to the forcing-house in the month of March,
when those roses that were commenced to be
forced in January will be just shedding their
first crop of flowers ; these blooming shoots will
then be ripe and, as a general rule, fit for immediate
propagation, either for cuttings or buds. It
must be borne in mind, that no shoots are mature
till their blooming is past. The cuttings may be
made with three joints or buds, from the lower
end of which the leaf should be cut, leaving the
others untouched ; the cutting must then be in-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 183
serted about one inch into a very small pot of
light mould, or peat and sand, equal parts : with
rare sorts two buds will do, or even one ; in the
latter case, the bud must have the leaf attached,
and a small portion of wood below the bud ; it
must be inserted in the pot so that the bud is
slightly covered with the mould. The pots should
then be plunged in sawdust or old tan, into a
gentle hot-bed, and kept perfectly close, sprinkled
with tepid water every morning, and shaded from
the sun. In about a fortnight they will have
taken root, but they must not be removed from
this close frame till they have made a shoot from
one to two inches in length. They are then safe,
and may be removed into another frame, still
with gentle heat, and have air every day to harden
them. In a week they will be fit to pot into larger
pots, and they may then be removed into the
greenhouse or cold frame as convenient, till re-
quired for planting out in the borders in April and
May : the pots used for the above purpose are
very small, 2^ inches deep and 1^ inch over at
the top; if more convenient, three or five cut-
tings may be placed round the side of a larger
sized pot, 3^ inches deep by 3 inches over. This
method saves some trouble, but the plants are apt
to be checked when potted off; pots of the latter
size must be filled one third with broken pieces
of pots, on which the base of the cuttings should
rest ; the small pots require no drainage.
N 4
184 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
For summer cuttings in June and July, ripe
shoots may be taken as above directed, planted in
pots, and placed in a cold frame, kept close, and
sprinkled every morning. These will root slowly,
but surely; for autumnal cuttings any convenient
and spare shoots may be made into cuttings, and
planted under a hand-glass in a warm exposure,
about the middle or end of September : these
must have air in mild humid weather during the
winter, and be gradually exposed to the air in
April by tilting the light : by the end of April
they will be fit for potting. All the autumnal
roses will grow readily if the above methods
are followed. The Damask Perpetuals only are
slow in rooting, and are propagated with more
difficulty.
BUDDING ROSES IN POTS.
The Blush Boursault makes the best stock for
budding on ; it strikes readily from cuttings
planted in the autumn. My practice in budding
on the Boursault is as follows : — The strongest
shoots are selected early in July for layering;
flower -pots of the size 48 are taken, and the
aperture at the bottom is enlarged, so as to allow
the end of the shoot to be passed through. After
doing this the shoot is tongued; the pot is drawn
up till the tongue is about in the centre; it is
then filled with a mixture of rotten dung and
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 185
sand in equal parts, and well pressed down. The
shoot may be budded at the time of layering or
afterwards, accordingly as the buds are ready.
The shoots should be headed down at the time of
budding to within two eyes of where the bud is
inserted.* The buds of all the Bourbon, Tea-
scented, China, and Hybrid Autumnal Roses, will
push immediately. These may be removed from
the stools in August, potted into larger pots, and
forced with great success the following spring.
DIRECTIONS FOR FORCING ROSES.
Very few years ago forced roses were one of
the luxuries of gardening, and the matter was
looked upon as a difficult operation, in which ac-
complished gardeners only were successful ; but
with modern varieties the difficulty has vanished,
and every one may have roses, at least in Feb-
ruary, with the most simple means.
A pit 10 or 12 feet long and 8 feet wide,
just high enough to stand upright in, with a door
at one end, and a sunken path in the centre, a
raised bed on each side of the path, and an 18-inch
Arnott's stove at the further end, opposite to the
door, with a pipe leading into a small brick chim-
* This heading down at the time of budding, although com-
monly practised, cannot generally be recommended. If applied
to the Dog Rose when budded early in June, small heads will at
once be formed, but the constitution of the plant will be much
weakened.
186 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
ney outside (a chimney is indispensable), will give
great abundance of forced roses from February to
the end of May. To ensure this a supply must
be kept ready ; so that, say twenty, may be
placed in the forcing- pit about the middle of De-
cember, a like number in the middle of January,
and the same about the middle of February ; they
must not be pruned till taken into the house,
when each shoot should be cut back to two or
three buds or eyes, the latter for the strong
shoots. The fire should be lighted at seven in
the morning, and suffered to burn out about the
same hour in the evening, unless in frosty wea-
ther, when it must be kept burning till late at
night, so as to exclude the frost ; and for this
purpose double mats should be placed on the
lights. The thermometer should not, by fire heat,
be higher in the day than 70° during December,
January, and February ; at night it may sink to
35° without injury. The temporary rise in a
sunny day is of no consequence, but no air must
be admitted at such times, or the plants will exhaust
themselves, and immediately shed their leaves. When
the sun begins to have power, and in sunny
weather towards the end of February, the plants
may be syringed every morning about 10 o'clock
with tepid water, and smoked with tobacco at
night on the least appearance of the aphis or
green-fly.
To ensure a fine and full crop of flowers, the
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 187
plants should be established one year in pots, and
plunged in tan or sawdust in an open exposed place,
so that their shoots are well ripened : the pots must
be often removed, or what is better, place the pots
on slates to prevent their roots striking into the
ground ; but with the Hybrid and Damask Per-
petuals, even if only potted in November previous,
a very good crop of flowers may often be obtained,
and a second crop better than the first; for the great
advantage of forcing perpetual roses is, that after
blooming in the greenhouse or drawing-room, their
young shoots may be cut down to within two or
three buds of their base, and the plants placed
again in the forcing-house, and a second crop of
flowers obtained. The same mode may be followed
also with the Bourbon, China, and Tea-scented
Roses ; with the latter, indeed, a third crop may
be often obtained.
Towards the end of March, when the second
crop of flowers is coming on, the plants may be
gradually inured to the air, by opening the sashes
in mild weather. This will make them hardy and
robust. Syringing should be practised every
morning and evening ; but when the flower buds
are ready to open this must be confined to the
stems of the plants and the pots, otherwise the
flowers will be injured by the moisture ; air must
at first only be given about 12 in the day; care
must be taken to remove the plants from the forcing-
house to the green-house or drawing-room before
188 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
their blossoms expand ; they may then be kept in
beauty many days. I have not found the check
which the plants receive by this sudden change of
temperature at all detrimental. During their
second growth the plants should be watered once a
week with manured water*, and the surface of the
pot occasionally stirred. Those that are forced with
the greatest facility are worked roses: these
seldom or never fail to give an abundant crop of
flowers ; stems from 6 inches to 1 J and 2 feet
are equally eligible ; the latter form elegant plants,
and I think generally grow with greater luxu-
riance than dwarfs. China and Tea-scented Roses
on their own roots are more delicate, and require
more care ; still one crop of flowers may always
be depended upon, even from them. Instead of
forcing them for a second crop, it will be better to
place them in the greenhouse; they will then
bloom again finely in May. I find, from ex-
perience, that all the autumnal roses may be
forced every year without any disadvantage : to
ensure their well doing, they must be removed
from the forcing-house early in June, the surface
of the pots dressed with rotten manure, and
plunged in the same, or leaves, or any light sub-
stance. Towards the end of September they should
be carefully shifted, removing nearly all the earth
* Two pounds of guano to ten gallons of water forms the
very best species of liquid manure : this should be stirred before
it is used.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. ]89
from their roots, into a compost of light loam and
rotten dung, equal quantities (this is, on the
whole, the very best compost for potted roses),
watered, and again plunged till required for
forcing : this shifting would be better performed
in June, but, as the weather is then often hot and
dry, roses worked on the Dog Rose are apt to
suffer. Pots of the sizes called near London 24's
and 16's* are the best sizes for strong plants of
roses for forcing : when potted, the large and un-
yielding roots should be cut off close, so that
the plants may stand in the centre of the pots,
the fibrous and small roots merely tipped.
The treatment recommended for roses in a pit
with Arnott's stove may be pursued with roses in a
house with smoke-flues or hot-water pipes. Ar-
nott's stove is recommended as an economical and
eligible mode of heating, practised here to some
extent with success for several years: on these
stoves an iron pan, fitted to the top, should always
be kept full of water. Koses may be forced
slowly, but with perhaps greater certainty, by the
uninitiated, by giving air freely and constantly in
mild weather during the day, keeping the fire
constantly burning during the same period as
recommended when keeping them closely shut up.
* The respective sizes of these pots are, 24's, 7j inches deep,
and 8 inches over, measuring across the top of the pot ; 1 6's,
8^ inches deep, 9 inches in diameter.
190 THE AUTUMNAL KOSE GARDEN.
CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS FOR
THE GREENHOUSE.
For this purpose a selection should be made of
some of the finer varieties of China and Tea-
scented Hoses on their own roots ; it may also
include such Bourbons as the Queen, Acidalie,
Crimson Globe, Grand Capitaine, Madame Ne-
rard, Madame Margat, Proserpine and Phoenix,
and Noisette's Miss Glegg, Lelieur, Ne Plus
Ultra, and Victorieuse. These are all of dwarfish
and compact habit, and free bloomers. Presuming
these roses to be procured in the spring or sum-
mer, in the usual small pots they are generally
grown in by the cultivators for sale, they should
be immediately potted into pots called 32's,
(these are generally 7 inches deep, by 6 over
at the surface,) in a compost of turfy sandy
loam and well-rotted manure, equal quantities,
or leaf-mould ; if the latter is used two thirds
to one third of loam will be as well; this com-
post must not be sifted, but merely chopped
into pieces as large as a walnut : the fine mould,
which will, as a matter of course, result from this
chopping, must not be separated from the pieces
of turf, but all must be well mixed with the
manure or leaf-mould. The pots should then
be filled about one third with broken pieces of
crockery or potsherds, the plants taken from the
small pots, and the balls of earth gently pressed
so as to loosen them ; place each plant in the cen-
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 191
tre of the large pot ; press the earth well round
them ; give a soaking of water, and plunge them
in the sawdust or tan in some sunny exposed
place where they may have all the sun our fickle
climate will give them. They may remain here till
early in October, when they should be removed
into the greenhouse, but a fortnight before
taking them into their winter quarters, lift every
pot, and place it on the surface of the bed in
which they have been plunged : their roots then
become hardened, and bear the dry warm air of
the greenhouse without injury: they should at
this time also be pruned into any handsome de-
sirable shape, (a compact bush is perhaps the pret-
tiest,) or, if tall plants are required, the long shoots
may be fastened to a neat painted stick. Roses
thus treated will come into bloom in the green-
house in April, and continue one of its brightest
ornaments till the beginning of June ; they should
then be repotted into larger pots if large plants are
wished for, and again plunged in the open air till
the autumn : care must be taken to place the pots
on slates, to prevent their roots getting through
the bottoms of the pots. If compact and pretty
little plants are required the same pots may be
used, merely reducing the roots, so that the pot
will hold a small quantity of compost for the
plant to feed upon. A most excellent compost for
potted roses may be made as follows : — Pare some
turf from a loamy pasture ; the parings must not
192 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
be more than one inch in thickness ; bake them in
an oven about twelve hours when the temperature
is equal to that just after it has been used for
baking bread ; they must not be burned * : this,
chopped as before directed, with equal parts of
rotten manure, forms one of the very finest of com-
posts. The plants must be looked to carefully in
spring, and whenever infested by the aphis, or
green-fly, tobacco-smoke must be applied : extra-
ordinary luxuriance of growth may be given by
watering them once a week with guano-water.
A season may be saved in the growth of these
roses if plants in larger pots than those they are
usually sold in are purchased: if these are pro-
cured in the autumn or winter, they may be
placed in the greenhouse at once with a cer-
tainty of succeeding.
CULTURE OF HAEDY ROSES IN POTS
FOR EXHIBITION.
The most elegant pot roses for exhibition may
be selected from those families recommended for
greenhouse culture ; but as it is now the fashion
for Horticultural Societies to offer prizes for f( roses
in pots," it becomes my duty to offer a few obser-
vations on growing hardy varieties of roses in
* I have used, with much success, turf roasted on a sheet of
iron (placed in temporary brickwork) under which a moderate
fire has been kept : about one hour's roasting is sufficient. This
chars the turfy side, and acts most beneficially.
THE AUTUMNAL EOSE GAEDEN. 193
pots, so as to form very large plants. I must
here caution the reader, that occasional disap-
pointment must be expected in growing them in
pots for exhibition, as roses, like facts, are stub-
born things, and will often, in summer, bloom just
whenever it pleases them to do so, not being easily
retarded or forced : now, as days of exhibition are
usually fixed before it is known whether we are to
have an early or a late season, it is frequently a
complete lottery whether any particular plants of
roses will be in bloom or not. I have sometimes
known on days fixed for the exhibition at Chis-
wick, that I have looked over fifty plants of one
sort before I could find three or four perfect
flowers. Those roses recommended for green-
house culture, from their producing a succession
of bloom, must be most relied upon by the exhi-
bitor; but if by a lucky chance a collection of moss
roses, or some of the finer kinds of French and
Hybrid Bourbon roses, could be enticed to show
themselves in all their gay attire on the day, they
would make the greenhouse roses " hide their
diminished heads."
To form a collection of hardy roses in pots, the
very best should be selected from the following fa-
milies : Moss, Provence, Hybrid Provence, French,
Damask Roses alba, Perpetual, and Hybrid Perpe-
tual. Some good lists have been given in the
Gardener's Chronicle ; but these contain too many
varieties with flaccid petals, which will not bear
o
194 THE AUTUMNAL HOSE GARDEN.
removal when in bloom. Now for hardy pot roses,
except Moss Roses, in which the choice is limited,
only those with very double flowers, and stiff, waxy
petals, should be selected. The following will not
disappoint the amateur. I ought here to mention,
that it is better to pot two, or three, or four of
any one good sort, rather than have a greater
variety of second-rate roses.
Name. Family.
Cristata Provence.
Curled Provence.
Eeine de Provence Provence.
Superb striped Unique Provence.
Antonine d'Ormois French.
Aurelie Lamare French.
Boula de Nanteuil French.
Cicero French.
Grandissima French.
Guerin's Gift French.
Kean French.
Nelly French.
CEillet parfait French.
Superb marbled French.
Blanchefleur hybrid Provence.
Emerance hybrid Provence.
La Volupte hybrid Provence.
Theodora hybrid Provence.
Blush moss.
Celina moss.
De Metz moss.
French Crimson moss.
Lancel moss.
Malvina moss.
Unique moss.
White Bath moss.
Chenedole hybrid China.
Flora M'lvor hybrid China.
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 195
Name. Family.
Hypocrate* hybrid China.
Lady Stuart hybrid China.
Lord Keith hybrid China.
Pompone carmin hybrid China.
Belle de St. Cyr hybrid Bourbon.
Charles Duval hybrid Bourbon.
Coupe d'Hebe hybrid Bourbon.
Elise Mercoeur hybrid Bourbon.
Great Western hybrid Bourbon.
Hortense Leroy hybrid Bourbon.
Sylvain hybrid Bourbon.
Felicite alba.
La Seduisante alba.
Queen of Denmark alba.
Sophie de Marsilly alba.
La Ville de Bruxelles damask.
Penelope damask.
Semiramis damask.
Volumineuse damask.
Double-margined Hip hybrid briar.
Persian yellow Austrian briar.
Antinous' damask perpetual
Crimson damask perpetual
Royal damask perpetual
Requien damask perpetual
Aubernon hybrid perpetual.
Clementine Seringe hybrid perpetual.
Dr. Marjolin hybrid perpetual.
Duchess of Sutherland hybrid perpetual.
Fulgorie hybrid perpetual.
La Reine hybrid perpetual.
Madame Laffay hybrid perpetual.
Rivers hybrid perpetual.
William Jesse hybrid perpetual.
The above are all of first-rate quality; their
* The Hypocrate of many catalogues is a Hybrid Bourbon, a
very inferior rose to the above.
o 2
196 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
flowers are very double, and their petals thick,
and not liable to fade quickly. About the end
of October worked plants should be selected on
very straight stems, not more than from six to
eight inches in height. Care must be taken that
their roots are so formed that each plant may be
placed in the centre of the pot: unless this is
strictly attended to, they will make but a poor
appearance, as might be seen in some of those
exhibited at the horticultural shows in the season
of 1842. If any of the large roots interfere with
the position of the plant in the pot, they may be
much shortened, merely tipping the small roots
and fibres.
Stems from six to eight inches may be taken
generally as the most eligible height ; but, to form
plants for the back row, varieties of the following
families may be on stems one foot to eighteen
inches ; they will increase the effect ; viz. Hybrid
China, Hybrid Bourbon, and Hybrid Perpetuals.
Many of these will form, when in full bloom, fine
pendulous heads. When plants of the above de-
scription have been selected, they may be potted
in a compost of nice turfy loam and rotten dung,
equal parts ; the loam should, if possible, be more
rich and adhesive than that recommended for the
plants under greenhouse culture; the pots used
should be sixteens, and, if some of the plants are
very strong, even a size larger, called twelves,
may be used ; these should then be plunged, in
the open air on the surface of the soil, in sawdust,
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 197
rotten leaves, or old tan, which should be four
inches deep on the surface of the mould in the
pots, care being taken to place the bottom of each
pot on a slate, for reasons before given. I recom-
mend the pots to be placed on the surface, rather
than to be plunged in the soil, as they then
receive the full influence of the sun to their roots.
Towards the end of February each plant must be
pruned to within six or eight buds of the base of
the strong shoots, and to within two or three buds
of those that are more weak : it will be as well,
however, if the plants have very long shoots, to
shorten these one third at the time of potting,
as this prevents their being racked by the high
winds of November, as before stated in this work.
Autumnal pruning will tend to give an earlier
bloom ; therefore, one half of the plants may be
finally pruned when potted, if this is the object
sought for ; the remainder in March, or even late
as April ; indeed, this will give the exhibitor a
chance of having some plants ready on the im-
portant day. In May, if the weather is hot and
dry, the plants, although plunged and apparently
moist, will require water daily ; and once a week
a regular soaking with guano water will ensure a
most vigorous growth, and defy all attacks of the
aphis or any other little pest, the grub excepted,
which must be carefully sought for in all those
young leaves on the flower stems which appear
glued together.
O 3
198 THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN.
The plants will require shifting annually; in
general, pots of the same size will do, shaking all
the mould clean from their roots, and giving them
a fresh and rich compost. The middle or end of
October is the best period for this annual shifting.
I have before said it is most difficult to retard or
force into bloom roses grown in pots in the open
air ; however, removal into the greenhouse for a
week or ten days, to force them if required, may
be tried, to retard them; the method employed
by the courtier, in the days of Elizabeth, to save
his cherries for his queen, may be essayed, viz.
stretch a piece of canvas on hoops over the plants,
and keep it constantly wet, by sprinkling it with
water.
I wish success to all those who intend to ex-
hibit roses in pots, but must again caution them
not to be soured by one or two disappointments,
as the sun will shine and hasten, and clouds will
come and retard, and possibly blight the hope of
being able to exhibit twelve or twenty roses on
some appointed day.
PLANTING.
With the exception of the Perpetual Eoses,
which, in planting, can have the same treatment
as recommended for the hard-wooded roses of the
Summer Eose Garden, the transplanting of all
THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 199
the Autumnal Eoses ought, in cold and wet situ-
ations, to be deferred till Spring ; and the begin-
ning of April will, in ordinary seasons, be found
the most eligible time for this operation. A few
exceptions may be made; as Madame Desprez,
Dubourg, Splendens, Triomphe de Planteur, Bou-
quet de Flore, and some others, among the Bour-
bon Roses, are so hardy that our most severe winters
do not injure them ; but the varieties of Noisette,
Chinese, Tea-scented, Microphylla, and Macart-
ney Roses, are very apt to receive injury from the
frosts of winter, and the cutting winds of March,
if the plants are not well established.
0 4
200
LIST No. 1.
AN ABRIDGED LIST OF KOSES,
Adapted for Amateurs possessing small Gardens,
or for those beginning to .form a Collection ;
selected so as to give the leading Variations of
Colour.
Provence Roses.
Crested.
Duchesne.
Dutch.
Grande Agathe.
Heine de Provence.
Triomphe d' Abbeville.
Unique.
Unique striped.
Wellington.
Moss Roses.
Blush.
Celina.
Crimson.
Eclatante.
French Crimson.
Pompone.
Prolific.
Eouge du Luxembourg.
White Bath.
Hybrid Provence Roses.
Duchesse d'Angouleme.
Emerance.
Enchantresse.
La Yille de Londres.
LTngenue.
Theodora.
Hybrid China Roses.
Blairii, No. 2.
Beauty of Billiard.
Brennus.
Chenedole.
Comtesse de Lacepede.
Coupe d' Amour.
Decandolle.
Duke of Devonshire.
Fulgens.
George the Fourth.
Kleber.
Lady Stuart.
Le Meteore.
Ne plus ultra.
Triomphe d' Angers.
Triomphe de Laqueue.
Hybrid Bourbon Roses.
Charles Duval.
Colonel Combes.
Coupe d'Hebe.
Great Western.
Paul Perras.
Sylvain.
French Roses.
Aglae Adanson.
Antonine d'Ormois.
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
201
Boula de Nanteuil.
Cambronne.
Cyntie.
Due de Trevise.
Fanny Parissot.
Gil Bias.
Grandissima.
Kean.
Latour d'Auvergne.
Madame Dubarry.
Oracle du Siecle.
Pharericus.
Renoncule ponctue.
Village Maid.
Rosa Alba.
Due de Luxembourg.
Felicite.
La Seduisante.
Madame Campan.
Princess de Lambelle.
Queen of Denmark.
Sophie de Marsilly.
Damask Roses.
Carmin Royal.
Deesse Flore.
Lady Fitzgerald.
La Ville de Bruxelles.
Madame Hardy.
Painted.
Penelope.
Pulcherie.
Semiramis.
Scotch Roses.
Erebus.
Guy Mannering.
La Neige.
Lady Baillie.
Queen of May.
True Yellow.
William the Fourth.
Venus.
Sweet Briars.
Celestial.
Manning's.
Rose Angle.
Splendid.
Scarlet.
Austrian Briars.
Copper.
Double Yellow.
Harrisoni.
Persian Yellow.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses.
Aubernon.
Clementine Duval.
Comte de Paris.
Fulgorie.
Madame LafFay.
Prudence Rseser.
Rivers.
William Jesse.
Ayrshire Roses.
Ayrshire Queen.
Blush.
Dundee Rambler.
Jessica.
Ruga.
Splendens.
Rosa Multiflora.
Crivellii.
Elegans.
Hybrida.
202
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
Evergreen Roses.
Augustine Lelieur.
Adelaide d' Orleans.
Bouquet de Flore.
Brunonii.
Emile Courtier.
Donna Maria.
Madame Desprez.
Felicite perpetue.
Myrianthes.
Odorata, or Triomphe de
Bollwyller.
Princesse Louise.
Madame Margat.
Madame Nerard.
Phoenix.
Queen.
Splendens.
Boursault Roses.
China Roses.
Blush.
Archduke Charles.
Crimson.
Clara Sylvain.
Gracilis.
Cramoisie superieure.
Inermis.
Duchess of Kent.
Eugene Beauharnais.
Banksian Roses.
Eugene Hardy.
Fabvier.
White.
Grandiflora.
Yellow.
Henry the Fifth.
Hybrid Climbing Roses.
Madame Desprez.
Madame Breon.
Indica Major.
Marjolin.
Madame d'Arblay.
The Garland.
Mrs. Bosanquet.
Napoleon.
Rosa elegans.
Perpetual Roses.
Tea-scented Roses.
Barbot.
Bernard.
Crimson.
Bougere.
Caroline.
Flon.
Comte de Paris.
Grand.
Josephine Antoinette.
Royal.
Devoniensis.
Elisa Sauvage.
Goubault.
Stanwell.
Hardy.
Pactolus.
Bourbon Roses.
Princesse Marie.
Acidalie.
Silene.
Armosa.
Taglioni.
ABRIDGED LIST OF ROSES.
203
Triomphe duLuxembourg.
Yellow.
Miniature Roses.
Caprice des Dames.
Gloire des Lawrences.
Nigra.
Pallida.
Retour du Printemps.
Noisette Roses.
Aimee Vibert.
Boulogne.
Camellia Rose.
Cerise.
Clarisse Harlowe.
Euphrosyne.
Fellemberg.
Hardy.
Jaune Desprez.
Lamarque.
Luxembourg.
Miss Grlegg.
Nankin.
Ne plus ultra.
Victorieuse.
Musk Roses.
Eponine.
Fringed.
Princesse de Nassau.
Macartney Roses.
Double Blush.
Maria Leonida.
Hardii.
Rosa Microphylla.
Carnea.
Coccinea.
Purpurea.
204
LIST No. 2.
AN ALPHABETICAL LIST of Show or Prize Roses,
all of which have large and very double flowers.
Readers are referred to the catalogues for
1843-44, in which the colours of the flowers
are given, and the prices of plants.
Name. Family.
Aspasie French.
Anarelle French.
Aurelie Lamare French.
Agnodice French.
Aglae Adanson French.
Attila alba.
Antinous perpetual.
Antonine d'Ormois French.
Acidalie Bourbon.
Archduke Charles China.
Blush Moss moss.
Boula de Nanteuil French.
Bizarre marbree French.
Blanche fleur hybrid Provence.
Belle Marie hybrid China.
Beaute vive hybrid China.
Brennus hybrid China.
Becquet hybrid China.
Belle Clementine alba.
Bachelier damask.
Belle d'Auteuil damask.
Bougere tea.
Belle de St. Cyr hybrid Bourbon.
Bouvet damask.
Curled Provence Provence.
Crested Provence.
Cyntie French.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 205
Name. Family.
Crivalis French.
Cyrus French.
Charles Duval hybrid Bourbon.
Coutard hybrid China.
Corinne alba.
Carmin Royal damask.
Crimson perpetual perpetual.
Crimson Globe Bourbon.
Clara Silvain China.
Cramoisie superieure China.
Caroline tea.
Cambronne French.
Celina moss.
Charles Fouquier hybrid China.
Chateaubriand damask.
Chenedole hybrid China.
Clementine Seringe hybrid perpetual.
Columella French.
Comte de Paris tea.
Coupe d'Hebe hybrid Bourbon.
Dutch Provence Provence.
Due d'Angouleme Provence.
Duchess of Buccleugh French.
Due de Trevise French.
Duchesse d'Angouleme hybrid Provence.
Duchesse d' Orleans hybrid Provence.
Duke of Devonshire hybrid China.
Decandolle hybrid China.
Due de Luxembourg alba.
Devoniensis tea.
Double-margined Hip hybr. sweet briar.
Dr. Marjolin hybrid perpetual.
Duchesse d' Abrantes French.
Duchess of Sutherland hybrid perpetual.
Duke of Cambridge damask.
Evelina Provence.
Eclat des Roses .. French.
206 LIST OF SHOW OK PRIZE ROSES.
Name. Family.
Eclatante French.
Edouard Delair hybrid Bourbon.
Enchanteresse hybrid Provence.
Emile Courtier Bourbon.
Eugene Beauharnais China.
Elisa Sauvage tea.
Emerance hybrid Provence.
French Crimson moss.
Fanny Parissot French.
Franklin French.
Fleur d'Amour French.
Felicite alba.
Ferox damask.
Fulgorie hybrid perpetual.
Flon perpetual.
Grandissima French.
Grande Agathe Provence.
Great Western hybrid Bourbon.
General Foy French.
Guerin's Gift French.
George the Fourth hybrid China.
General Allard hybrid China.
General Dausmenil hybrid China.
Gil Bias French.
Goubault tea.
Heureuse surprise French.
Hortense Leroy hybrid Bourbon.
Hypocrate hybrid China.
Ulustre beaute Provence.
Julie French.
Josephine Beauharnais alba.
Jeanne d'Urfe hybrid Provence.
Kean French.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 207
Name. Family.
King of Rome French.
King of Holland Provence.
Laura hybrid Provence.
La Ville de Gand French.
Lee French.
L'lnfante French.
Leon the Tenth French.
La Nationale French.
L'Ingenue hybrid Provence.
L' Admiration hybrid Provence.
La Volupte hybrid Provence.
Lady Stuart hybrid China.
Lusseldembourg hybrid Bourbon.
La Grandeur hybrid China.
La Seduisante alba.
La Ville de Bruxelles damask.
Lady Fitzgerald damask.
Lamarque noisette.
La Cherie damask.
Lady Alice Peel hybrid perpetual.
Latour d' Auvergne French.
La Ville de Londres hybrid Provence.
Letitia French.
Matthieu Mole French.
Madame Dubarry French.
Melanie hybrid Provence.
Madame Campan alba.
Madame Hardy damask.
Madame Feburier damask.
Madame Nerard Bourbon.
Madame Aude Bourbon.
Madame Huet hybrid Provence.
Madame Laffay hybrid perpetual.
Madame Rameau French.
Malvina moss.
Marie de Medici s tea.
208 LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES.
Name. Family.
Modeste Guerin French.
Moire tea.
Mrs. Bosanquet China.
Nelly French.
Nero hybrid Provence.
New Double Globe hybrid Provence.
Old White moss.
Orpheline de Juillet French.
Oracle du Siecle French.
Paul Joseph Bourbon.
Paul Perras hybrid Bourbon.
Penelope damask.
Prolifere moss.
Princess Victoria French.
Porcelaine Eoyale French.
Pulchra marmorea French.
Petit Pierre hybrid China.
Princesse de Lamballe alba.
Princesse Marie tea.
Proserpine Bourbon.
Queen of Denmark alba.
Eeine de Provence Provence.
Eien ne me surpasse French.
Eeine des Beiges hybrid Provence .
Eeine de Lyon hybrid perpetual.
Eosine Dupont hybrid China.
Eichelieu hybrid China.
Eichelieu (Du val) hybrid Bourbon .
Eivers hybrid perpetual.
Eequien perpetual.
Eose Devigne hybrid Provence.
Eoyal perpetual.
Eubens . China.
LIST OF SHOW OR PRIZE ROSES. 209
Name. Family.
Schonbrunn French.
Semilasso hybrid Provence.
Semiramis damask.
Shakspere French.
Spotted Provence.
Sir Walter Scott French.
Superb marbled French.
Sophie de Mar silly alba.
Splendens Bourbon.
Sylvain Provence.
Sylvain hybrid Bourbon.
Theodora hybrid Provence.
Triomphe du Luxembourg ... tea.
Triomphe d' Angers hybrid China.
Triomphe de Jaussens French.
Triomphe de Laqueue hybrid China.
Triomphante China.
Unifl ore marbree French.
Victor Hugo hybrid China.
Velours Episcopal hybrid China.
Vandael hybrid China.
Volumineuse damask.
Wellington French.
White Bath moss.
William Jesse hybrid perpetual.
Woodpigeon (Rivers) French.
THE END.
LONDON :
Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODB,
New-Street-Square.
BOTANICAL WOEKS
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A CATALOGUE OF
NEW WOKKS AND NEW EDITIONS
PRINTED FOR
LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS,
LONDON.
ANALYTICAL INDEX.
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
AFFAIRS. pages
Bayldon on Valuing Rents, etc. - - 5
,, the Valuation of Property for
Poor's Rate 5
Crorker's Land Surveying ... 9
Davy's Agricultural Chemistry - - 9
Johnson's Farmer's Encyclopaedia - - 15
Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Agriculture - 18
Low's Breedsofthe Domesticated Animals
of Great Britain - 18
,, Elements of Agriculture - - 19
ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND
ARCHITECTURE.
Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera-
ture, and Art ------ 7
Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture - 12
Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm,
and Villa Architecture and Furniture - 18
Porter's Manufacture of Silk - 24
,, Porcelain & Glass 24
Savage's Dictionary of Printing - - 26
Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures,
and Mines ------ 31
Wathen's Arts, etc. of Ancient Egypt - 31
BIOGRAPHY.
Aikin's Life of Addison - 5
Bell's Lives of the most Eminent British
Poets «
Biographical Dictionary of the Societ
the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge '
Dover's Life of the King of Prussia - - 10
Dunham's Lives of the Early Writers of
Great Britain - - - 10
,, Lives of the British Dramatists 10
Forster's Statesmen of the Commonwealth
of England 11
Gleig's Lives of the most Eminent British
Military Commanders - - - - 11
Harford's Life of Dr. Burgess - 12
Jackson's Life of Wellington . 14
James's Life of the Black Prince - - 15
,, Lives of the most Eminent Foreign
Statesmen 15
y for
Pages
Maunders Biographical Treasury -
Roscoe's Lives of Eminent British I
yers '^
Russell's Correspondence of the Duke of
Bedford 6
Shelley's Lives of the most Eminent Lite-
rary Men of Italy, Spain, and
Portugal- - - - - 26
„ Lives of the most Eminent
French Writers - 26
Smith's Memoirs of the Marquis DePombal 27
Southey's Lives of the British Admirals - 25
Tate's Horatius Restitutus • - 29
BOOKS OF GENERAL UTILITY.
Donovan's Domestic Economy - - 10
General Catalogue ----- 32
Hand-Book of Taste- - 12
Hints on Ktiquette - - 12
Hudson's Parent's Hand-Book - - 14
„ Executor's Guide - 14
On Making Wills - 14
Lorimer's Letters to a Young Master
Mariner 17
Manual for Mechanics' Institutions - 19
Maunders Treasury of Knowledge - - 21
,, Scientific and Literary Treasury 21
„ Treasury of History - - 21
,, Biographical Treasury - - 21
Riddle's Diamond Latin-English Dictionary 25
Short Whist ------ 26
Thomson's Domestic Management of the
Sick Room 29
Tomlin's Law Dictionary - ... 30
Waltzing, Reform your - - - -31
BOTANY AND GARDENING-
Callcott's Scripture Herbal ... 8
Conversations on Botany - - - - 8
Drummond's First Steps to Botany - - 10
Glendinniug On the Culture ot the Pine
- 11
- 11
- 12
Appl-
Grigor's Eastern Arboretum -
Henslow's Botany -
Hoare On Cultivation of the Gri
on Open Walls
London: Printed by Manning and Mason, Ivy-lane, St. Paul's.
ANALYTICAL INDEX
Pages
Hooker's British Flora - 13
„ Compendium of English Flora - 13
„ Ditto iu Latin - 13
,, Icones Plantarum - - 13
„ and Taylor's MuscologiaBritan-
nica • « • - - 13
Jackson's Pictorial Flora - - - - 14
Knapp's Gramina Britannica - 16
Lindley's Theory of Horticulture - - 17
,, Outlines of the First Principles
of Horticulture - - 17
9, Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen
Garden 17
„ Introduction to Botany - -17
„ Natural System of Botany - 17
Flora Medica - - 17
„ School Botany .... 17
„ Synopsis of British Flora - - 17
London's Hortus Britannicus - - .18
„ ,, Lignosus Londinensis - 18
„ Encyclopaedia of Trees & Shrubs 17
., ,, Gardening - 17
„ „ Plants - - 18
„ „ Agriculture - 18
.. Suburban Garden and Villa Com-
panion - 18
,, Cemeteries and Churchyards - 18
Repton's Landscape Gardening and Land-
scape Architecture - - - - 25
Rivers's Rose Amateur's Guide - - 25
Roberts on the Vine .... 25
Rogers's Vegetable Cultivator - - 25
Smith's Introduction to Botany • - 27
„ English Flora - 27
CHRONOLOGY.
Blair's Chronological Tables ... 6
Nicolas's Chronology of History - - 23
Riddle's Ecclesiastical Chronology - - 25
Tate's Horatius Restitutus - - 29
Wathen's Chronology of Ancient Egypt - 31
COMMERCE AND MERCANTILE
AFFAIRS
Lorimer's Letters to a Young Master
Mariner ___--- 17
M'Culloch's Dictionary of Commerce and
Commercial Navigation - 21
Steel's Shipmaster's Assistant - - 28
GEOGRAPHY AND ATLASES.
Butler's Sketch of Ancient and Modern
Geography .... 7
„ Atlas of Modern Geography - 7
,, „ Ancient Geography - 7
Hall's New General Atlas - 12
M'Culloch's Dictionary, Geographical,
Statistical, and Historical - 21
Malte-Brun's Geography - - - 19
Murray's Encyclopaedia of Geography - 23
Walker's British Atlas - - - - 31
HISTORY.
Addison's History of the Knights Templars 5
Bell's History of Russia - 6
Bloomfield's Translation of Thucydides - 6
Cooley's History of Maritime and Inland
Discovery ...... g
Crowe's History of France - - 9
Dunham's History of Spain and Portugal 10
,, History of Europe during the
Middle Ages- - - - 10
„ History of the German Empire 10
„ History of Denmark, Sweden,
and Norway - -10
„ History of Poland - 10
Pages
Fergus's History of United States of
America ------ 10
Grattan's History of Netherlands .
Halsted's Life of Richard HI.
Keightley's Outlines of History
„ History of England
,, Elementary do.
„ History of Greece
,, Elementary do.
,, History of Rome - »
,, Elementary do. - - 15
„ History of the Roman Empire 15
,, Questions on the above His-
tories, separate - 15
Laing's Kings of Norway - 16
M'Culloch's Dictionary, Historical, Geo-
graphical, and Statistical - . 21
Mackintosh's History of England - - 19
Maunder %s Treasury of History - - 21
Moore's History of Ireland - - - 22
Rome, History of 26
Russell's Correspondence of the Duke of
Bedford - 6
Scott's History of Scotland - - - 26
Sismoudi's History of the Fall of the
Roman Empire - - - 27
„ History of the Italian Re-
publics - 27
Stebbing's History of the Christian Church 28
„ History of the Reformation - 28
Switzerland, History of - - - -29
Thirl wall's History of Greece - - 29
Turner's History of England - - - 30
JUVENILE BOOKS,
Including Mrs. Marcet's Works.
Boy's (the) Country Book - - 14
„ Own Book .... 7
Ladies' (the Young) Book - 32
Marcet's Conversations—
On the History of England - - 19
On Chemistry 19
On Natural Philosophy - - 19
On Political Economy - - - 20
On Vegetable Physiology - 20
For Children 20
Marcet's the Game of Grammar - - 20
,, Mary's Grammar - - 20
I9 John Hopkins' Notions of Poli-
tical Economy - - 20
„ Willy's Holidays ... 20
" „ Stories for Young Chil-
dren ... 20
,, The Seasons .... 20
Marryat's Masterman Ready - - - 20
MEDICINE.
Bull's Hints to Mothers -
„ Management of Children
Copland's Dictionary of Medicine
Elliotson's Human Physiology
Frankum on Enlarged Abdomen
Holland's Medical Notes -
Macleod On Rheumatism
Pereira On Food and Diet
Recce's Medical Guide -
MISCELLANEOUS.
Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
Bray's Philosophy of Necessity
Cavendish's Debates
Clavers's Forest Life ...
De Morgan On Probabilities -
Dendy's Philosophy of Mystery
Duhrmg's Art of Living -
Good's Book of Nature -
TO CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS.
Pag
Graham's English - - - •
,, Helps to English Grammar
Guest's Mabinogion -
Hand-Book of Taste - ...
Holland's Progressive Education
Hewitt's Rural Life of England
„ Visits to Remarkable Places
,, Student-Life of Germany -
,, Rural and Domestic Life of Ger
„ Colonisation and Christianity - 14
Jeffrey's (Lord) Contributions to the
Edinburgh Review - 15
Life of a Travelling Physician - - 16
Macaulay's Critical and Historical Essays 19
Marryat's Monsieur Violet -
Milne on the Valuation of Annuities and
Assurance on Lives, etc. - - - 22
Morgan on Assurances, Annuities, and
Reversions ...... 22
Peter Plymley's Letters - 27
Seaward's Narrative of Shipwreck - - 26
Smith's (Rev. Sydney) Works - - 27
Taylor's Statesman ..... 29
NATURAL HISTORY IN GENERAL.
Callow's Popular Conchology 8
Gray's Figures of Molluscous Animals - 11
„ Genera of Birds - - - - 11
Kirby and Speiice's Entomology - - 16
Reeve's Conchologia Systematica - - 24
Stephens's British Coleoptera - 28
Swainson on the Study of Natural History 28
,, Animals - - - - 28
„ Quadrupeds - - - 28
„ Birds ..... 28
,, Animals in Menageries - 28
Fish, Amphibians, & Reptiles 28
Insects - 29
29
,, Malacology -
Habits and Instincts of Ani-
mals -
Taxidermy
Turton's Shells of the British Islands , -
Waterton's Essays on Natural Hislory -
Westwood's Classification of Insects
NOVELS AND WORKS OF FICTION.
Blessingtou's (Lady) Meredith
Doctor (the;
Howitt's (Mary) Home
21
Neighbours - 13
„ ,, President's Daughters - 13
Ingemann's King Eric and the Outlaws - 14
James's Eva St. Clair .... 14
„ Novels 14
Marryat's Masterman Ready ... 20
Rambles of the Emperor Ching Tih . 8
ONE VOLUME ENCYCLOP/EDIAS
AND DICTIONARIES.
Elaine's Encyclopaedia of Rural Sports - 6
Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera-
ture, and Art 7
Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - - 9
Gwilt's Encyclopaedia of Architecture - 12
Johnson's Farmer's Encyclopaedia - 15
Loudon's Encyclopaedia of Trees and
Shrubs .... 17
,, Encyclopaedia of Gardening . 17
„ Encyclopaedia of Agriculture - 18
„ Encyclopaedia of Plants - - 18
, Rural Architecture - * 18
M'Culloch's Dictionary, Geographical,
Statistical, and Historical 21
„ Dictionary, Practical,Theo-
relical, etc. of Commerce 21
Murray's Encyclopaedia of Geography - 32
Savage's Dictionary of Printing
Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufai
POETRY AND THE DRAMA.
Aikin's (Dr.) British Poets - - 26
Baillie's New Dramas - • - - 5
,, Plays of the Passions - 5
Bowdler's Family Shakspeare - - 26
Chalenor's Walter Gray - 8
„ Poetical Remains - 8
L.E.L's. Poetical Works - - - 16
Lighter Hours 16
Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome - - 19
Milton's L'Alleero and II Penseroso - 22
Montgomery's Poetical Works - - 22
Moore's Poetical Works - - - -22
„ „ „ One Vol. - - 22
, Lalla Rookh, medium 8vo. - 22
„ foolscap 8vo. - 22
„ Irish Melodies - 22
„ „ Illustrated by Maclise 22
Moral of Flowers ----- 22
Southcy's Poetical Works - 27
,, British Poets ... 26
Spirit of the Woods - 27
Thomson's Seasons - - - - 29
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND
STATISTICS.
M'Culloch's Geographical Statistical, and
Historical Dictionary - 21
,, Political Economy - - 21
Smith's Wealth of Nations ... 27
Spaceman's Statistical Tables - - - 27
Tooke's History of Prices - 30
RELIGIOUS AND MORAL
WORKS, ETC.
Bellamy's Bible - ... 6
Bloomfield's Greek Testament - - 6
„ College and School ditto - 6
,, Greek and English Lexicon
to New Testament - - 6
Burder's Oriental Customs - 7
Burns's Christian Philosophy - - - 7
Callcott's Scripture Herbal 8
Dibdin's Sunday Library - 28
Doddridge's Family Expositor - 9
Ford's New Devout Communicant - - 10
,, Century of Prayers - - 10
Harcourt's Doctrine of the Deluge - - 12
Kippis's Collection of Hymns, etc. - - 15
Marriage Gift 20
O'Sullivau On the Apostacy predicted by
St. Paul 23
Parkes's Domestic Duties - 23
Pearson's Prayers for Families - - 23
Riddle's Letters from a Godfather - - 25
Robinson's Greek and English Lexicon
to the New Testament - 25
Sandford's English Female Worthies - 26
„ Female Improvement - - 26
„ On Woman - 26
Tate's History of St. Paul - - - 29
Tayler's Translation of Dora Meldcr - 10
Turner's Sacred History - - - - 31
Wardlaw's Sermons 31
„ On Socinian Controversy - 31
White On the Gospel - - - -32
RURAL SPORTS.
Bainbridge's Fly-fisher's Guide - - 5
Elaine's Dictionary of Sports 6
Hansard's Fishing in Wales - 12
ANALYTICAL INDEX.
Pages
Hawker's Instructions to Sportsmen - 12
Martingale's Sporting Scenes - 20
Ronald's Fly-fisher's Entomology - - 26
Thacker's Courser's Remembrancer - 29
„ Coursing Rules - - 29
THE SCIENCES IN GENERAL,
AND MATHEMATICS.
Bakewell's Introduction to Geology - 5
Brande's Dictionary of Science, Litera-
ture, and Art ----- 7
Brewster's Optics ----- 7
Bischoff On the Heat of the Globe - - 6
Conversations on Mineralogy 8
De la Beche on theGeology of Cornwall.etc. 9
Donovan's Chemistry 9
Farey on the Steam Engine - - - 10
Fos broke on the Arts, Manners, Manufac-
tures, and Institutions of the Greeks
and Romans 11
Greener's Science of Gunnery - - 11
„ On the Gun - 11
Herschel's Natural Philosophy - - 12
„ Astronomy - - - 12
Holland's Manufactures in Metal - - 13
Kane's Elements of Chemistry - - 15
Kater and Lardner's Mechanics - - 15
Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia - - 16
„ Hydrostatics and Pneumatics - 16
„ Electricity and Magnetism - 16
„ Arithmetic - - - - 16
„ Geometry - - - - 16
„ Treatise on Heat - - 16
Lectures On Polarised Light • - 16
Lloyd On Light and Vision _ 17
Mackenzie's Physiology of Vision - - 19
Marcet's (Mrs.) Conversations on the
Sciences, etc. - 19 and 20
Moseley's Practical Mechanics - - 22
,, Engineering and Architecture 22
Narrien's Elements of Geometry - - 23
Owen's Lectures On Comparative Anatomy 23
Parnell On Roads ----- 23
Pearson's Practical Astronomy - - 23
Phillips's Palaeozoic Fossils of Cornwall,etc. 24
„ Guide to Geology - 24
,, Treatise on Geology - - - 24
„ Introduction to Mineralogy - 24
Poisson's Mechanics - 24
Portlock's Report on the Geology of
Londonderry - 24
Powell's Natural Philosophy -
Roberts's Dictionary of Geology
Wilkinson's Kngines of War -
Wood On Railroads
Pages
- 24
- 25
- 32
- 32
TOPOGRAPHY AND GUIDE
BOOKS.
Adam's Gem of the Peak - - -
Addison's History of the Temple Church
,, Guide to ditto
Black's Tourist of England -
Britton's Picture of London -
Guide to all the Watering Places in Great
Bzitain I
TRANSACTIONS OF SOCIETIES.
Transactions of the Entomological Society
„ Zoological Society -
Linnsean Society -
„ Institution of Civil
Engineers - -
,, Royal Institute of
British Architects -
Proceedings of the Zoological Society -
TRAVELS.
Allan's Mediterranean -
China, Last Year in -
De Custine's Russia ..-•.'_,
Laing's Notes of a Traveller - - -
,, Residence in Norway - - -
„ Tour in Sweden -
Marryat's Travels of Monsieur Violet in
California, etc
Postaus's Sindh -----
Strong's Greece as a Kingdom - -
VETERINARY MEDICINE.
Field's Veterinary Records - - - 10
Morton's Veterinary Medicine - - 22
„. ,, Toxicological Chart 22
Percivall's Hippopathology - - - 23
,, Anatomy of the Horse - - 23
Spooner on the Foot and Leg of the Horse 28
„ On the Influenza of Horses
Thomson's Animal Chemistry -
Turner On the Foot of the Horse -
White's Veterinary Art - - _ _ 32
„ Cattle Medicine - - - 32
CATALOGUE.
ETC. ETC.
ADAM.— THE GEM OF THE PEAK;
Or, Matlock Bath and its Vicinity: an Account of Derby; a Tour from Derby to Matlock,
Excursion to Chatsworth, Haddon, Monsal Dale. etc. etc.; a Review of the Geology of Derby-
shire, and the Flora of the High and Low Peak. By W. Adam. 3d Edition 12mo. with Maps
and Engravings, 6*. cloth.
ADDISON.— THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS.
By C. G. Addison, of the Inner Temple. 2d Edition, enlarged, 1 vol. square crown 8vo.
with Illustrations, 18*. cloth. •
ADDISON.— THE TEMPLE CHURCH IN LONDON :
Its History and Antiquities. By C. G. Addison, Esq., of the Inner Temple, author of "The
History of the Knights Templars." Square crown 8vo. with 6 Plates, bs. cloth.
ADDISON.— A FULL AND COMPLETE GUIDE, HISTORICAL AND
DESCRIPTIVE, TO THE TEMPLE CHURCH. (From Mr. Addison's "History of the
Temple Church.") Square crown 8vo. Is. sewed.
AIKIN.-THE LIFE OF JOSEPH ADDISON.
Illustrated by many of his Letters and Private Papers never before published. By Lucy
Aikin. 2 vols. post 8vo. with Portrait from Sir Godfrey Kneller's Picture. 18s- cloth.
" Miss Aikin ha* not left a stone unturned, that her monument to nne of our most polished
writers and complete minds may be fair, upright, and symmetrical. Her book contains the
first cnmpl-te life of Addison ever put forth. As a literary biography it is a model; and its
pages are besides enriched by many hitherto unpublished letters of Addison."— Athenaeum.
ALLAN.— A PICTORIAL TOUR IN THE MEDITERRANEAN;
Comprising Malta, Dalmatia, Turkey, Asia Minor, Grecian Archipelago, Egypt, Nubia,
Greece, Ionian Islands, Sicily, Italy, and Spain. Bv J. H. Allan, Member of the Athenian
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of 40 Lithographed Drawings, and 70 Wood Engravings, 31. 3s. cloth.— Nearly ready.
BAILLIE S (JOANNA) NEW DRAMAS.
3 vols. 8vo. II. 16*. boards.
BAILLIE'S (JOANNA) PLAYS ON THE PASSIONS.
3 vols. 8vo. II. 11*. 6rf. boards.
BAINBRIDGE.—THE FLY-FISHER'S GUIDE.
Illustrated by coloured Plates, representing upwards of 40 of the most useful Flies,
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BAKEWELL.— AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY.
Intended to convey Practical Knowledge of the Science, and comprising the most important
recent Discoveries ; with Explanations of the Facts and Phenomena which serve to confirm or
invalidate various Geological Theories. By Robert Bakewell. Fifth Edition, considerably
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BAYLDON.-ART OF VALUING RENTS AND TILLAGES,
And the Tenant's Right of Entering and Quitting Farms, explained by several Specimens of
Valuations; and Remarks on the Cultivation pursued on Soils in different Situations.
Adapted to the Use of Landlords, Land-Agents, Appraisers, Farmers, and Tenants. 5th
Edition, re-written and Enlarged, by John Donaldson. With a Chapter on the Tithe-
Commutation Rent-charge, by a Gentleman of much experience on the Tithe Commission.
8vo. 10«.6rf. cloth.
BAYLDON. — TREATISE ON THE VALUATION OF PROPERTY FOR
THE POOR'S RATE; showing the Method of Rating Lands, Buildings, Tithes, Mines,
Woods, Navigable Rivers and Canals, and Personal Property; with an Abstract of the
Poor Laws relating to Rates and Appeals. By J. S. Bayldon, author of " Rents and
Tillages." 1 vol 8vo. 7». 6rf. boards.
CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
BEDFORD CORRESPONDENCE. — CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN,
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Introductions by Lord John Russell. 8vo. vol. 1 (1/42-48), 18*. cloth; vol. 2 (1749-6!j), 15s.
cloth.
' The ^second volume of this publication includes a correspondence having relation to the
portion bears upon an important question on which there exist some differences of opinion at
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Pitt, in 1757. The letters respecting the state of Ireland under the Viceroyalty of the Duke
of Bedford, also here, are not a little interesting "-Morning Herald.
Vol. III. to complete the work, is in preparat,
I BELL.— LIVES OF THE MOST EMINENT ENGLISH POETS.
By Robert Bell, Esq. 2 vols. foolscap 8vo. with Vignette Titles, 12*. cloth.
BELL.— THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA,
From the Earliest Period to the Treaty of Tilsit. By Robert Bell, Esq. 3 vols. foolscap 8vo.
with Vignette Titles, 18*. cloth.
BELLAMY.-THE HOLY BIBLE,
Newly Translated from the Original Hebrew only. By J.Bellamy. 4to. Parts 1 to 8.
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
Of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. To be continued Quarterly, in Half-
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,, ,, 2, completing Vol. 1. — Agathoclcs to Alexander III. 8vo. 12s. cloth.
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„ ,, 2, completing Vol. 2— Ameinocles to Antelmi (Leonce), 8vo. 12*. cl.
Vol.3, Part 1— Antelmi to Aristophanes. 8vo. 125. cloth.
*»* Publishing Quarterly.— The work will probably not exceed Thirty Volumes.
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opinion, we have sometimes gained new information, and at others have seen the ertorsof
former authorities satisfactorily corrected."— British Magazine.
BISCHOFF.-PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND GEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES
on the Internal Heat of the Globe. By Gustav Bischoff, Ph. D. Professor of Chemistry in the
University of Bonn. 2 vols. Vol. I. 8vo. Plates and Woodcuts, 10s. boards.
BLACK'S PICTURESQUE TOURIST,
And Road Book of England and Wales: with a general Travelling Map, Charts of Roads,
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BLAINE.-AN ENCYCLOP/EDIA OF RURAL SPORTS;
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Racing, and other Field Sports and Athletic Amusements of the present day. By Delabere
P. Blaine, Esq., author of " Outlines of the Veterinary Art," " Canine Pathology," etc. etc.
With nearly 600 Engravings on Wood, by R. Branston, from Drawings by Alken, T. Land-
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BLAIR'S CHRONOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL TABLES,
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BLOOMFIELD.— HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR.
By Thucydides. Newly Translated into English, and accompanied with very copious
Notes, Philological and Explanatory, Historical and Geographical. By the Rev. S. T.
Bloomfield, D.D. F.S.A. 3 vols. 8vo. with Maps and Plates, 21. 5s. boards.
BLOOMFIELD.— THE CREEK TESTAMENT :
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Bloomfield, D.D. F.S.A. 3d Edit, improved, 2 vols. 8vo. with a Map of Palestine, 40*. cloth.
BLOOMFIELD.-COLLEGE AND SCHOOL GREEK TESTAMENT;
With English Notes. By the Rev. S. T. Bloomfield, D.D. Third Edition, greatly enlarged
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BLOOMFIELD. — GREEK AND ENGLISH LEXICON TO THE NEW
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Schools; but also intended as a convenient Manual for Biblical Students in general. By
Dr. Bloomfield. Foolscap 8vo. 9*. cloth.
BOSWORTH.— A DICTIONARY OF THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE;
Containing the Accentuation, the Grammatical Inflexions, the Irregular Words referred to
their Themes, the Parallel Terms from other Gothic Languages, the Meaning of the Anglo-
Saxon in English and Latin, and copious English and Latin Indexes, serving as a Dictionary
of English and Anglo-Saxon, as well as of Latin and Anglo-Saxon. With a Preface on the
Origin and Connexion of the German Tongues, a Map of Languages, and the Essentials of
Anglo-Saxon Grammar. By the Rev. J. Bosworth, LL.D. Dr. Phil, of Leyden, etc. Royal
8vo. pp. 766, 21. 2s. boards. Cambridge, 1838.
==»
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BOY'S OWN BOOK (THE) :
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BRANDS.— A DICTIONARY OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND ART;
Comprising the History, Description, and Scientific Principles of every Branch of Human
Knowledge ; with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in general use. Edited by
W. T. Brande, F.R.S.L. and E. ; assisted by Joseph Cauvin, Esq. The various departments
are by Gentlemen of eminence in each. 1 very thick vol. 8vo. pp. 1352. Illustrated by Wood-
engravings, 31. bound in cloth. London, 1842.
BRAY.— THE PHILOSOPHY OF NECESSITY;
Or, the Law of Consequences as applicable to Mental, Moral, and Social Science. By Charles
Bray. 2 vols. 8vo. 15«. cloth.
BREWSTER.— TREATISE ON OPTICS.
By Sir David Brewster, LL.D. F.R.S. etc. New Edition. 1 vol. foolscap 8vo. Vignette Title,
and 176 Woodcuts, 6s. cloth. ^
BRITTON.— THE ORIGINAL PICTURE OF LONDON:
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28th Edition, with upwards of 100 Views of Public Buildings, Plan of the Streets, and Two
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BULL.— HINTS TO MOTHERS,
For the Management of Health during the Period of Pregnancy and in the Lying-in Room ;
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Physician Accoucheur to the Finsbury Midwifery Institution, etc. etc. 3d Edition. 1 vol.
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BULL.— THE MATERNAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN,
In HEALTH and DISEASE. By Thomas Bull, M.D. Foolscap 8vo. "». cloth.
"An excellent guide, and deserves to be generally known.''
Johnson's Medico Chirurgical Review, July, 1843.
BURNS.— THE PRINCIPLES OF CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY;
Containing the Doctrines, Duties, Admonitions, and Consolations of the Christian Religion.
By John Burns, M.D. F.R.S. 5th Edition, 12mo. 7s. boards.
CONTENTS.
Man is created for aFuture State of Happiness ;
on the Means by which a Future State of
Consolations afforded by the Christian Re-
ligioii.
War — Punishments — Religion — Time and
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of Man that he may obtain a Future State of
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BURDER.-ORIENTAL CUSTOMS,
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CONTENTS.
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BUTLER.-SKETCH OF ANCIENT AND MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
By Samuel Butler, D.D., late Lord Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry ; and formerly Head
Master of Shrewsbury School. New Edition, revised by his Son, Svo. 9s. boards.
The present edition has been carefully revised by the author's son, and such alterations
introduced as continually progressive discoveries and the latest information rendered neces-
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require it; and some additional matter has been added, both in the ancient and modern part.
BUTLER.— ATLAS OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY.
By the late Dr. Butler. New Edition ; consisting of Twenty-three coloured Maps, from a
New Set of Plates. Svo. with Index, 12j. half-bound.
BUTLER.-ATLAS OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY ;
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Edition. Svo. 12s. half-bound.
%* The above two Atlases may be had, in One rolume, 4to. 24*. half-bound.
CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
CALLCOTT.-A SCRIPTURE HERBAL:
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II. 5s. cloth.
" The last two years of her life were devoted to drawing the specimens of the pl>,nt*, and
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•itfin is honourable to the extent of her Biblical studies. The easy gracejulness of its style,
id its elegant embellishments, may lead many an inhabitant of the drawing-room or boudoir
' ' look from Nature up to Nature's God,' to study his ' unwritten laws' in the natural world
connexion with the written law of revelation."— From a Memoir of Lady Callcott, in the
Annual Biography for 1842.
CATLOW.- POPULAR CONCHOLOCY;
Or, the Shell Cabinet Arranged: being an Introduction to the modern System of Conchology;
with a sketch of the Natural History of the Animals, an account of the Formation of the
Shells, and a complete Descriptive List of the Families and Genera. By Agnes Catlow.
CAVENDISH'S (SIR H.) DEBATES OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS,
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CHAXENOR.-POETICAL REMAINS OF MARY CHALENOR.
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CHALENOR. -WALTER GRAY,
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CHINA.— THE LAST YEAR IN CHINA,
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CHINESE NOVEL. — RAMBLES OF THE EMPEROR CHING TIH IN
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CLAVERS.— FOREST LIFE.
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COLTON.— LACON ; OR, MANY THINGS IN FEW WORDS.
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CONVERSATIONS ON BOTANY.
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The object of this work is to enable children and young persons to acquire a knowledge of
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CONVERSATIONS ON MINERALOGY.
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HO WITT (MARY).— THE HOME;
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14 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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22 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
MILNE. -TREATISE ON THE VALUATION OF ANNUITIES & ASSURANCES
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MORTON.-A VETERINARY TOXICOLOCICAL CHART,
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MOSELEY.— ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRACTICAL MECHANICS.
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MOSELEY. —THE MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING AND
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MURRAY.-ENCYCLOP>EDIA OF GEOGRAPHY;
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24 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
PEREIRA.— A TREATISE ON FOOD AND DIET:
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RIDDLE.— A DIAMOND LATIN ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
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RIVERS.— THE ROSE AMATEUR'S GUIDE:
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26 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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30 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS
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32 CATALOGUE OF NEW WORKS, ETC.
WESTWOOD.— INTRODUCTION TO THE MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF
INSECTS; comprising an Account of the Habits and Transformations of the different
Families ; a Synopsis of all the British, and a Notice of the more remarkable Foreign
Genera. By J. O. Westwood, Sec. Ent. Soc. London, F.L.S., etc. 2 vols. illustrated wfth
above 150 Woodcuts, comprising about 2500 distinct Figures, 27. 7s. cloth.
WHITE'S COMPENDIUM OF THE VETERINARY ART ;
Containing Plain and Concise Observations on the Construction and Management of the
Stable ; a brief and popular Outline of the Structure and Economy of the Horse ; the Nature,
Symptoms, and Treatment of the Diseases and Accidents to which the Horse is liable ; the best
Method of performing various Important Operations ; with Advice to the Purchasers of Horses ;
and a copious Materia Medica and Pharmacopoeia. 17th edition, entirely reconstructed, with
considerable Additions and Alterations, bringing the work up to the present state of Veteri-
nary Science. By W. C. Spooner, Vet. Surgeon, etc. etc. 8vo. pp. 588, with coloured Plate,
16*. cloth. London, 1842.
WHITE'S COMPENDIUM OF CATTLE MEDICINE ;
Or, Practical Observations on the Disorders of Cattle and other Domestic Animals, except
the Horse. 6th Edition, re-arranged, with copious Additions and Notes. By W. C. Spooner,
Vet. Surgeon, author of a "Treatise on the Influenza," and a "Treatise on the Foot and
Leg of the Horse," etc. 8vo. 9*. cloth.
WHITE.— THE GOSPEL PROMOTIVE OF TRUE HAPPINESS.
By the Rev. Hugh White, M.A. 12mo. 6». cloth.
WILKINSON.— THE ENGINES OF WAR, ETC.
Being a History of Ancient and Modern Projectile Instruments and Engines of Warfare and
Sporting; including the Manufacture of Fire Arms, the History and Manufacture of Gun-
powder, of Swords, and of the cause of the Damascus Figure in Sword Blades, with some
Observations on Bronze: to which are added, Remarks on some Peculiarities of Iron, and on
the extraordinary Effect produced by the Action of Sea Water on Cast Iron ; with Details of
various miscellaneous Experiments. By H.Wilkinson, M.R.A.S. 1 vol. 8vo. 9*. cloth.
WOOD.— A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON RAILROADS, AND INTERIOR
COMMUNICATION in GENERAL. Containing numerous Experiments on the Powers of
the Improved Locomotive Engines, and Tables of the comparative Cost of Conveyance on
Canals, Railways, and Turnpike Roads. By Nicholas Wood, Colliery Viewer, Memb. Inst.
Civ. Eng. etc. Third edition, very greatly enlarged, with 13 large Plates, and several new
YOUNG LADIES' BOOK (THE):
A Manual of Elegant Recreations, Exercises, and Pursuits. 4th Edition, with numerous
beautifully executed Engravings on Wood. U. Is. elegantly bound in crimson silk, lined
with imitation of Mechlin lace.
Recently published,
Octavo, price Half-a-Crown, boards, the New Edition of Messrs. Longman and Co.'s
GENERAL CATALOGUE
Of WORKS in all departments of ENGLISH LITERATURE, Classified, with a General
Alphabetical INDEX. With the necessary Corrections and Additions to March 1843.
Also, 8vo. Gratis,
MESSRS. LONGMAN X CO.'S CATALOGUE OF OLD BOOKS
FOR 1843,
Containing various Works in General Literature ; besides Bolandus, Acta Sanctorum, 53 vols. fol.
— Baronii Annales Sacri et Ecclesiastici, 42 vols. fol. large paper— Labbei et Coleti Sacramenta
Consilia ad Reg^iam, 23 vols. fol.— Phanesi, Opere, 25 vols. fol.— Description de 1'Egypte, par
ordre de Napoleon, 23 vols. fol. papier velin— etc. etc.
London : Printed by Manning and Mason, Ivy-lane, St. Paul's.
GENERAL LIB*
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