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013626

New York

State College of Agriculture
At Cornell University
Ithaca, N. Y.

Library

639 356

xcx

1941

INDEX

Page

A. A A., On the, Fallacy .... 2

Aberdeen-Angus Bull, $15,000

for . . • : • 299

Aberdeen-Angus in Virgin. a 332

Aberdeen-Angus Sale . 300

Accidents, On Farm . . 326

Accounting by Cooperatives?,

Where is the . 417

Agriculture and National De¬
fense . 329

Aid to Men in Military Service 352

Albany County Notes . 350

Alfalfa, Growing . 421

Alfalfa Growing in Penobscot

County. Maine . 83

Amendments, in Favor of the 124
Amendments, The Vote on.. 20
Amendments, Vote on New.. 417

American Holly . 269

American Standard of Per-

fect.on . 260

American Way, The . 601

Americanism, Defin.tion of. . 13

Appie Advertising from a

National Point of View 227
Apple Crop Failure in 1849.. 614
App.e Crop, Our “Bang-Up” 470
Apple Festival, Western New

York . ■ 348

Apple Industry, What is

Wrong in the . 654

Apple Ju ce. Certify .ng . 279

Apple Juice, Promoting . 303

Apple Men, A Challenge to

the . ^35

Apple Men, Advice to . 30a

Apple Orchard Survey, Conn. 450
Apple Pack, Importance of a

Good . . ■ • • 43d

Apple Production. New York 5o8
Apple, Promotion for the.... 4

Apple Promotion Tax, The.. 84
Apple Selling, Practical . ... 596

Apple Tax, New York Apple

Men Work on . 271

Apples be Picked?, When

Should . ’80

Apples, Checking on Annual 298
Apples, Cull, for Da.ry Cows 380
Apples, Outlet for Surplus . . 367

Apricots Fail to Bear . . 556

Argument, A Good Political.. 245

Ark Farm Notes . 74, 250

Army Morale, Keep the, At

Par . 44

Assemblyman Flynn Seeks

Milk Investigation . 333

Attorney General, A New.... 496
Austerlitz, N. Y. Starts Cam¬
paign . 404

Australian Gov’t. Takes Over

Apple and Pear Crops.... 352
Automobile Insurance Law,

New . 660

Autumn is Rich in Color .... ooo

Award to Farm Boy . 432

Ayrshire Breeders Meet .... 399

Baby Chick Business, The

Great . 216

Baby Chick Show at Farm-

ingdale, L. I., N. Y . 109

Baby Chicks, Buying . 125

Baby Chicks, “Paging” . 260

Ballots, No. for Producers . . 90

Bang’s Disease, A Mane

Dairyman’s Views on . 129

Bargaining Agency and League
try to Stop New Referen¬
dum . 96

Barn, Disinfecting the . 574

Barns, Those Overshot . 8

Bean Pods, Feeding Value of 542

Beekeeping Helps . 325

Bees, Are Your, Ready to Go? 266
Bees, Better Wintering for.. 631

Bees, Blankets for . 551

Beetle Grubs, Lye for . 472

Beetle Trape, Melons as .... 475

Beets for L vestock . 583

Belligerent One, The . 556

Bill, Pa. Inspection, Now Be-

bore Governor . 437

Bird Life, Damage to . 405

Bird Lover. From A . 242

Bird Sanctuary, A Farm - 157

Birds, Attracting, to the Home 73

Blackhead, Probable . 523

Blind, Helping the. To Write 308

Blood Clots in Eggs . 422

Blue Comb . 569

Blueberry Industry, the, in

Maine . 168

Blueberry, the Cultivated — It

Has Come to Stay . 156

Bonus, Christmas Milk . 663

Books, Holiday, for Our

Friends . 656

Borden and National Dairy

Profits . 218

Boy, Farm. Winner . 557

Boys. Country, Make Good —

On the Farm . 630

Braces, Natural, for Fruit

Tree Branches . 38

Branches, Natural Braces for

Fruit Tree . 38

Bread, Dr'ed for Chicks . 483

Breeders Now. Pick Future.. 339
Breeding, Artificial, Future of 518

Breeds. Tke Choice of . 569

Brewery Grains for Hogs.... 248

Bridge Grafting . 435

Brockton, N. Y., School Case,

Concerning the . 124

Broilers and Fryers, Raising.. 404

Page

Broilers, 125, a Week . 258

Bro lers, Scalding . 443

Bronchitis. Treatment After. . 136
Brood Sow. Exercise the .... 211

Brooder, Electric . 382

Brooder. Electric, Capacity... 482

Brooder Management . 186

Brooder Selection . 67

Brooders, Questions on . 216

Brooding, Electric, Helps Do

a Better Job . 226

Brooding, Planned . 104

Brooding Practices, Planned

for 1941 . 104

Brooding, The First Few

Weeks of . 104

Brown, John K . 395

Brown-Swiss Breeders Meet.. 177
Brown-Swiss in the Tropics 207
Buffalo Area, Graft in the. . 497

Buffalo, What’s West of . 34

Build Winter Profits Now.... 313

Bumblefoot . 623, 648

Bureaucracy on the Loose.... 353
Bus ness. As Small, Sees it. . 558

Business Bits . 348

Butchering Service, A

Community . 464

Bookshelf —

Common Sense in Home

Decoration . 668

How Dear to My Heart.... 253

In My Mother’s Home . 433

Modern Fruit Production . . 236
They Came to a River.... 356
What Happens in My
Garden . 196

Cabbage, Storing . 579

Calf Feed ng. Cost of . 90

Calf Scours . 419

Calf Scramble in Idaho .... 567

Calf, Thriftless . 96

Californian Speaks Out, A.. 13

Calves, Rais ng . 97

Canary Raising . 257

Canaries and Paint Fumes.... 268
Canned Goods, Misbranding of 36

Cann balism . . . , . 545

Capons — A Poultry Product

for the Farm . 3

Cannibalism in Growing and

Laying Flocks . 420

Capons, Producing . 403

Centralization. After . 77

Centralizat.on at Hammonds-

port . 125

Centralization, Comments on 45

Central zat on in Mass . 448

Centralization, Re: . 316

Centralize or Not? Shall We 566

Charles, Prof. T. B . 329

Cheese Indictments, More .... 558
Cheese Monopoly Indictments 436

Cheese Output, Our . 164

Cheese, Trade, Local . 90

Chenango County. In . 555

Cherry Varieties. Mixed Sour 631

Chick Show, R. I . 108

Chick Show, Winners in

Farm ngdale . 217

Chicks, Buying Baby . 125

Chicks. Early Hatched, Add to

Income . 66

Chicks, Feeding Methods for 217
Chicks, Getting Ready for the 137
Chicks — Grow Them Right . . 140
Chicks, Starting the 1941 .... 103

Chicken Cann bals . ’ 336

Chickens, Ailing . 569

Chickens at a Profit . 139

Chickens. Dog Kills . 104

Chickens, Money From . 215

Chickens on Free Range .... 404
Chickens, Raising. The Year

Around . 618

Ch'ncoteague Pony Roundup

on July 31 . 445

Cider Tax Again, The . 13

Cider Tax Law, Repeal the. . 244
Civilian Defense. Your Part in 668
Classification. Doesn’t Like. . 21

Coccidios;s, Acute . 648

Coccidiosis, Chronic, in Pullets 482
Coccidiosis Control and Pre¬
vention . 359

Coccid'osis, Handling . 291

Coccidiosis, Probable . 464

Colds, Thoughts About . 381

Colt, Ailing . 251

Colt. The Growing . 309

Combs, Upright . 667

Compost Heap Start, This Fall 617

Concrete Blocks, Making . 302

Connecticut Farm, From a... 472
Connecticut Farmers Oppose

Pool . 341

Connecticut Shade Tobacco... 161
Conservation, A Home Guard

for . 261

Cooperative, Successful, In

Massachusets . 451

Cooperatives, Where is the

Accounting by . 417

Corn-and-Cob Meal, Ration

With . 604

Corn. Connecticut . 475

Corn Crop?. Shall We Get

Rid of the . 323

Corn Development, Hybrid... 163
Corn, Feeding Value of, Minus

the OT . 179

Corn, Hybrid, for Silage .... 211

Corn Stalks in Silo . 604

Correction, A . 254

Coryza . 403

Cossets, Raising, in Penobscot

Page

County, Maine . 248

Counterfeit Farm Cooper¬
ation . 50, 88

Country Boys Make Good —

on the Farm . 630

Country Fair, Interesting .... 598
Country Life Program, On the

Farmingdale . 121

Countryman’s Journal ....60,

196, 290, 383, 415, 454, 543, 632
County Agen’s Record, A.... 91

Cover Page, Our . 308

Cow, Don’t Neglect the Dry 493

Cow, Feeding Family . 94

Cow, Lame . 419, 445

Cows and Calves, Feeding . . 645

Cows, Boarding Dry . 211

Cows, 14. Sell for $3,335.... 586

Cows’ M.lk for Pigs . 445

Cows on the Road . 535

Cranberry Harvest on Cape

Cod . 550

Crochet Contest for the

Women . 416

Crochet Contest, Women

Enter . 436

Crocheters’ Field Day . 456

Crooked Breast Bones . 340

Crop, A New Cash, for the

Northeast . 162

Crop Lands. Vermont Gains in 60
Crop Report, New York .... 522
Crops and Prices, Various .... 228

Crowding. Watch the . 258

Culling. Systematic . 304

Currant Bushes, Chlorotic . . 556
Cuttings, Making, Take Root 617

D. F. U., Suggestion for the.. 18

Dahlias from Seeds . 69

Dahlias in The R. N.-Y.

Family . . 152

Da'ry Farmers. A Fraud on 204

Dairy Prices Rise . 51

Dairy Tragedy, New York’s . . 437
Dairying in Steuben County . . 86

Dairymen, Challenge to . 505

Dairymen Demand Action . . 305

Dairymen Rebel . 341

Dale View, Horticultural Chat

From . 232

Damage to Bird Life . 405

Damping-off Disease, The .... 119

Davenport, Eugene . 268

Daylilies. New . 370

Dealer Stooge. Report of a... 45

Defense Program, The, and the

Fruit Industry . 530

Defense Projects. Up-State.... 475

Defense, State Work . 637

Delaware Co. Co-op Delhi,

N. Y., in Reorganization.. 249
Delmarva ....324. 432, 452, 492,

632. 657 . 592

Delmarva, Crops on . 16

Delmarva Farm'ng . 75

Democrocy Our Great .... 305,

328, 353, 372, 396. 436, 477
496. 536, 601, 618, 636 580, 559
Depluming Mite, Probable . . 586
Diarrhea and Sour Crop .... 545
Disinfect After Sickness .... 589
Diversification. In the East It’s 68

Dixie Way, Down . 475

Dr. Reynolds Cites Records of
Losses to Producers in
N. Y. & Pa. Under Price-

Fixing Regulations . 16

Doctor Statement By a . 477

Dog, Chicken-Killing . 187

Dog Kills Chickens . 104

Dogs Attack Sheep . 211

Dogs, The Law of . 96

Draft, Farm Labor in the . . . 329
Draft Horses, Interest in .... 431
Draft Rules for Far mLabor 660

Duck Rations . 646

Ducks and Muskrats . 213

Ducks, Cost of Raising . 58

Ducks, Lame . 667

Ducks, Picking . 588

Ducks. Small Venture in ... . 26

Dutch Elm Quarantine . 141

Earlville. N. Y. Sales . 621

Earlville Sale, At the . 542

Easter Blooming, Plant Now

for . 607

Economy in Local Govern¬
ment . 581

Editorials —

A Hopeful Distinction . 559

A Kink in Justice . 580

America Needs a Jackson.. 581
America Safe, To Make . . .619
America, This in Free .... 558
An Idol Has Fallen . 661

Big-3 Two of the. Indicted 329
Bureaucracy and Free Trade 124
Bureaucracy at Its Worst.. 476
Cladakis, Mr., Speaks Out.. 416
Communism. First Step to 436

Cowardly and Mean . 278

Crooked Arithmetic . 84

Death Rattle at Syracuse.. 661
Depravity. A Lesson in .... 416
Distinction, A Hopeful .... 559
Error Yields to Justic .... 619

Facts, Not Fancies . 244

Family Unity. Fruits of .... 515
Farmers Lose Dealers Gain 619
Fifty Years of Progress.... 172
Food Indictments, More . . . 396
Foreign War and Civil Re¬
bellion . 279

Page

G. L. F. Trick, A Slick.. 457
Gov. Lehman on the Spot.. 244
Growers, It’s Up to the.... 45

Guns and Butter . 173

Handwriting on the Wall,

The . 125

High Cost of Travel . 125

Hoary Core, The, Survives 517

Home Ties Broken . 477

Humanity Reveals Itself .... 601

In a Changing World . 304

Independents Ask Farm

Support . 204

Industry, Greatest, in

America . 537

It’s Time to Think . 278

Jobs, Two Good, Well Done 373

Justice, A Plea for . 205

Labor-Saving Mah nery .... 456
“Lead Us Not Into Temp¬
tation” . 496

Lesson in Depravity, A .... 416

Loan Sharks . 205

Loan Sharks, More About. . 353
Lords of Monopoly Disagree

Too . 45

Message, A, to Farm

Friends . 516, 537

Milk Bribes, $8 200 in . 457

More Misinformat on . 536

New Deal Fallacies . 517

Organization, Progress in... 20o

Paradox at Albany . 147

Parents Should Choose, The 279
Parity, 35c vs. $5 is no.... 559
Pennsylvania, Stench in ... 173

Pledge to Our Youth . 12

Political Argument, A Good 24o

Poor Losers . ... 245

Product, on Trends . 352

Progress in Organization . . . 205

Record. In the . 373

Refugee. A Notable . 304

Riddle, Answer to a . 517

Run or Ruin . 13

Save the Surface . 476

Sense and Sentiment . 536

Shall It Be Taxes Or Fun? 580

Sin No more, Will . 125

Sp.rit. The, of the Farm.... 397

Stand by and Help . 456

Surplus and Conspiracy.... 85
Surplus. Has There Been a 397
"They Do It Themselves” 537

They Know Now ... . 279

T me to Switch Back .... 618
True Answer is Locked Up,

The . 124

Two Good Jobs Well Done 373
Two of the Big-3 Indicted.. 329

“Voluntary Quits” . 12

Wanted — New Germ Plasm 437
What Doth it Profit a Man? 373
Who Can’t Agree Now?.... 637
Youth, A Pledge to Our.. 12

Egg Auctions. The . 26

Egg Business. The Com¬
mercial . 16

Egg Buyers, Bond All . 437

Egg Co-op., In Favor of.... 483
Egg Cooperative Meeting .... 109

Egg Farm Starting an . 214

Egg Grading School . 586

Egg, The Useful . 260

Egg, The Vitamins in One.... 600

Egg Within an Egg . 26

Egg Yolk. Vitamin A In.... 314

Eggs, Abnormal . 403

Eggs and Potatoes . 340

Eggs. Blood Clots in . 422

Eggs, Double- Yolk . 648

Eggs, Fresh . 24

Eggs, Summer Income From 396

Eggs. Watery . 422

Elderberry, The . 152

Electric Brooder . 382

Electr'c Brooding Helps Do a

Better Job . 226

Electric Fly Screens . 200

Electricity for Defense . 601

Electricity on N. Y. Farms.. 149

Elm, A Giant . 552

England. Letters From . 37

English Walnuts. Hardy . 202

Europe Meets Starvation .... 347

F. F. A. Boys Go to Florida 70
Fairs. Grapes and Potatoes.. 512

Family Cow. Feeding . 94

Family Story?, Have You a.. 101
Family Unity, Fruits of .... 516

Farley, George Louis . 553

Farm. Around the, in

February . 69

Farm Boy. Award to ...... 432

Farm Boy Winner . 557

Farm. Buying A . 581

Farm Cooperation. Counterfeit 50
Farm Employment Problem,

The . 267

Farm Experience for Boys... 595

Farm Fires. Fighting . 123

Farm Flocks, Calling All.... 575
Farm Labor in the Draft. . . . 329

Farm Labor Problems . 636

Farm Loan Booklet, New.... 127

Farm News. Pa . 598

Farm. One-Fam’ly. Starting a 531
Farm Partnership. A That

Works . 657

Farm Plans — Past and Present 299
Farm Prices in New York.... 166
Farm Produce, Marketing .... 327
Farm Products, Marketing

Our . 241

Farm Products, Merchandising 559
Farm Show at Harrisburg . . 12

Farm Success Through Plan¬
ning . 276, 320

Farm Support. Independents

Ask . 204

Farm Survey Results . 457

Farm Tax Assessments . 35

Farm vs. Factory . 643

Farmer’s Wife Sees “New

Day” . 85

Farmers and Their Crops . . 497

Farmers Ask $3 a cwt . 417

Farmers, Helpful Resolution

for . 417

Farmers, Informat on for .... 193
Farmers, New Fields for .... 97

Farming is My Hobby . 299

Farmingdale Country Life

Program, On the . 121

Feathering, Slow . 384

Federal Order for Penna. 44

Feed Consumed by Poultry.. 525

Feed Dealer Approves . 497

Feed Formula Reviewed .... 660
Feed Quality, The Importance

of . 82

Fertility Slump, The . 188

Fields, New, for Farmers.... 97

Fields, Prosect Your Own.... 165
F.fth Columns Here, The.... 457

Fires, Automobile . 332

Fires, Farm, Fighting. ... 123, 203
First Garden Catalogue, The 44

Flock, Feeding Small . 443

Flocks, Calling All Farm.... 575
Flowers, Sept. — The Month

for Working With . 515

Fly Screens, Electric . 200

Following the Road . 658, 644

Food Indictments, More . 396

Food Poisoning, Possible .... 623

Foods. Illegal Traffic in . 373

Forester. So Your Boy Wants

To Be A . 195

Foster, H. R., Named Chair¬
man . 20

4-H Champ.ons, Wayne Co. 130

4-H in Orange County 361,553, 625

4-H Lamb Club .

4-H News, Orange County . . .

4-H Poultry Activities .

4-H Winners, National .

4-H Winners, St. Lawrence

County .

Fowl, Monument to a .

Fowl Pox Control, Vaccin¬
ation for .

Fowl Pox, Possible . .

Fowl Pox, Vaccination for,

Control .

Fowl Typho.d . .

Frazier-Lemke Questions .

Freeze. Further Report on
Middlewest .

Fresh Frozen for Flavor .... 659
Friend, A Letter From a de¬
voted . 558

From a Fr.end of Fifty Odd

Years . 244

From My Native County .... 244

Frozen Food Lockers; A New

Food Bank . 510

Fruit and Vegetable Industry,

Fruit Garden, Start Home,

This Fall . 491

Fruit Gardening Standards . . 457
Fruit Growers, Eastern,

Tackle Their Problem .... 146
Fruit Growers, Mass., Meet. . 71

Fruit Growers Meet . . . . ■ 532

Fruit Grow.ng a Family

Enterprise . 86 i

Fruit Growing, Short Course

in . 533

Fruit Industry, Consumption

and Production in the .... 197
Fruit Industrythe, and the

Defense Program . 530

Fruit Meetings, At the Whiter 172
Fruit Trees, Keeping, True

to Name . 594

Fruit?, What is a . 614

Fruits for New Hampshire.... 551
Fruits of Family Unity .... 516
Fruit Production, Toward

More Regular . 322

Fruit Tour to Appalachian

Area . 432

Fruit Tree Branches Natural

Braces for . 38

G. L. F. Chicken Feed . 581

Garden, A National Defense 201
Garden, A, Will Not Grow
Alone — And Neither Will

a Family . 384

Garden Catalogue, The First 44
Garden Spot, The Dedicates

Its Museum . 394

Garget. Treatment of . 499

Gasoline, 15 Ways to Save.. 508

Geese, Fattening . 545

Genesee Valley Horse Show.. 567
Germ Plasm Wanted, New.. 437
Germond Family Murder, The 581

Gladioli, Growing . 369'

Goat Assn. Meets in Trenton,

January 30 . 49

Goat Farm. Notes From a.. 86

Goat Milk, Regulations About 51
Goat, Milk, the, Has Its Place

in Our Livestock Industry 374
Goat, Where the Milk, Fits in 48
Goat Winners at Troy Hills.. 518

Goats and Hog Cholera . 465

Goats in Switzerland . 266

Government, Economy in

320

291

368

608

525

623

525

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Page

Local . 581

Graft In the Buffalo Area.... 497

Grafting, Talk About . 271

Grain, Harvest ng the . 451

Gra-ns, Protein in . 459

Grange Founder, Birthday of 43
Grange Meeting, State,

D. rector Parrott at . 663

Grange News . 7, 199, 348

Grange, Suggest. on to the. . . . 456
Grape Industry New York’s 578

Grape, New White . 657

Grass Land Farming . 78

Grass Silage for Poultry . 185

Graves Bill Made Law . 130

Graves, Senator. Honored .... 6

Graves- Wh tney Bill Made

Law . 341

Gray Eye in Poultry . 382

Grease Heel . 645

Green Food, Planning, for

Summer . 256

Greystone Park, Farm.ng at 579

Grow Them Right . 140

Growers Meet, Young . 78

Growers Say, Comment on

What . 5

Guernsey Club Officers . 379

Guernsey, New. Champ. on... 94

Guineas, Raising . 107

Hammondsport School Pro¬
gram, More Facts About

the . 338

Hatchery News . 24. 101, 218

Head. Less More Heart . 388

Hebrew Hol.days . 218

Heifer, Ailing . 51

Heifer, Erupt on on . 518

Heifer, Production of . 19

Heifer, Warts on . 589

Hens, Ailing . 340

Hens, Broodiness in . 457

Hens, Crop Bound . 443

Hens Do Not Lay . 482

Hens, Fat . 214

Hens for Home Defense .... 537

Hens Have Colds . 403

Hens .n Noisy Place . 422

Hens, L nseed Meal for . 403

Hens, Non-Defense . 618

Hens, Pasture for . 329

Hens, Teach Your, to Roost.. 669

Hens, Tobacco for . 56

Hens, Trouble With . 525

Hens. Tumors n . 403

Henhouse. Cinder Block . 188

Henhouse, Damp . 107, 289

Henhouses, No Profit in

Empty . 661

Henhouse Ventilation . 525

Henyard, First Aid for the.. 482

Hereford Sale . 248

Hereford Sale, Maryland .... 332
Hillside Farm, Notes From

A . 290, 338. 605

Hog Cholera, Goats and .... 465
Hog Cholera Prevention .... 94

Hog Production Testing . 379

Hogs, Fattening, n Virginia.. 605

Hogs, Hereford . 175

Hogs, Outlook For . 51

Hogs, Whey For . 211

Hogs Worm Treatment for. . 86

Holiday Remembrance, A .... 636
Holstein Association 1940

Report . 207

Holstein Heifer Lost . 552

Holstein. 3.000,000th Purebred 47
Home Fruit Garden this Fall,

Start . 491

Home Gardening Rewards.... 74
Home Guard, A, For Con¬
servation . 261

Home T es Broken . 477

Hoof Poor Development .... 587
Hop Industry. New York’s. . . . 535
Hormones Check Drop in
Dutchess Co., New York

Orchards . 83

Horse, Bunch on . 399

Horse Has Cold . 337

Horse Prices . 128

Horse, Uneasy . 131

Horse, Veteran . 89

Horse With Bots . 399

Horse With Thrush . 645

Horses, Feed for Working.... 604
Horses for Remount Service.. 277

Horses, Success With . 49

Horticultural Chat from Dale

View . 232

Hort.cultural Industry. A Real

Service to the . 600

Hort cultural Notes ....41, 79,

231, 349, 413 513 . 577

Horticulture Booklets and

Catalogs . 170, 202

Horticulture vs. Wild Animals 635
Horticulture. Real Values ,n.. 637
Hostel, Experience W.th Youth 235
Hot Weather Reminders .... 324
House Cleaning, Annual .... 523
How Grandpa Squire Used To

Do It . 274

Hunger and Food . 162

Iceberg Lettuce, About . 432

Ice Box, Outdoor . 130

Ice Cream Lawmakers . 328

Idaho, Success In . 275

Information for Farmers _ 198

Insect Control Problems in

New England . 158

Insect Vagar es . 235

Inspection. Arbitrary . 11

Inspect.on Bill, Penna. Farm¬
ers Support . 251

Institute Students Visit N. Y.

Poultry Farms . 97

Intestinal Parasites . 422

In Tune With the Times. .275,

344, 370 . 495

Isle of Jersey, On the . 128

Japanese Beetle Control . 350

Jtrmond Fam.ly Murder, The 536
Jersey Breeders Meet, New

York State . 88

Jersey Cattle Club Sale . 375

Jersey Fa r. Big Doings at _ 492

Jersey P.geon Show . 647

Jersey Sale at Geneva,

May 31 . 332

Judge, Qualifications of a.... 396

Kendall Apple, On the . 38

Keystone Producers Elect.... 47
Knapp, Nathaniel S . 130

Lamb Feeding in Michigan ... 19

Lamb Feeding in Western

New York . 89

Lamb Feeding Methods . 418

Lamb Feeding Prospects . 542

Lambs, Dock.ng . 565

Lambs, Goat Milk . 251

Layers, Summer Management

Page

of . 463

Laying. Early . 340

Lay.ng Rations . 25

Leaf 't roubles of Garden Trees 390
League Mi!k Prices, An

Analysis of . 308

League Pr.ces, An Analysis of 305
Lebanon Springs, N. Y.. At.. 161
Lehman, Gov., on the Spot. . 244

Lespedeza, Y.eid of . 604

Less Head, More Heart .... 388
Letter. A, From a Devoted

Friend . 558

Letter. A, to Secretary

W ckard . 352

Letters From England . 37

Leucosis, Probable . 648

Lice on Ducks and Geese.... 545
License Fees on Farm Trucks 244
License for Selling Poultry . . 107
Liiies, New Diseace of.

Mosaic . 234

Limberneck . 588

Linseed Meal for Hens . 403

L tter and Insulation . 258

Litter?, How’s Your . 29

Litter, Small . 419

L ver, Enlarged . 313

Livestock and Dairy —

Beltsville and the B.A.I. .. 560
Blue Ridge Mts.. In the.... 582
Breeding, Artificial, Future

of . 518

Calf Care and Feeding.... 354
Comparative Milk Produc-

t on Feed Costs . 398

Delaware Exp. Station . 602

Experiments at Penn. State

College . 46

Farm and Home Week . 206

Farm Flock Factors . 638

Foal Feeding Factors . 246

Future of Artificial Breed¬
ing . 518

He Stands Alone . 92

Lamb Feeding Methods . . . 418
Maryland My Maryland.... 498
N. J. Station, At the.... 620
Pigs, Pork and Pathology.. 14
Pork Production Problems.. 306
Production Practice and

Progress . 126

Protein Programs for Pigs.. 662

Steer Feeding Factors . 174

Steer Studies . 478

Tales From the Tanbark.. 536
We May Need These Feeds 280

We Ride Again . 330, 355

Wool Grades and Classes.. 438
Livestock, Southern Tier .... 51

Livestock Sweet Potatoes for 309
Livingston County, From.... 444
Long Acres, Rambling Along

at . 59

“Lyre Tree,” The . 60

MacCampbell, Theron . 477

Machine Farming in the

Northeast . 194

Maine, News From . 60. 435

Management is the Secret . . . 290

Mange, Probable . 337

Mann. Willis T . 240

Maple Syrup :n St. Lawrence

County . 115

Mash Hopper, Around the. 647, 669
Mash Ration. All; Blue Comb 569
Massachusetts Apple Festival 324

Mastitis Control . 383

Mead, John J . 558

Meat, Better, Quality Needed 600
Meat Labeling Ruies, New.... 628

Melons as Beetle Traps . 475

Message A, To Farm Friends 516
Metropo’itan Co-Operative Milk
Producers Bargain ng

Agency . 45, 661

Military Service, Aid to Men

in . 352

Milk, Action at Albany On.. 90
Milk Amendments Approved.. 177
Milk Amendments, Producers

Offer . 328

Milk Amendments, The . 397

M Ik and Cream Supply ... .45.

279, 328 352, 416, 437,

477, 536. 600, 618

Milk and Dairy News . 341

Milk and Dairy Notes.... 20,

90 417, 437 . 476

Milk Ban, Raw, Dismissed.... 331
Milk Ban, Raw, in Oho.... 124

Milk, Big Money in . 124

Milk Checks, Levy on . 96

Milk Control. A Challenge to

Government . 16

Milk Control Farm Woman

on New Jersey . 522

Milk Front, News Along the 278

Milk, Garlickly . 285

Milk Grade Rules, New . 44

M lk Hearings, New . 456

Milk Indictments, Reader

Asks About . 417

Milk Indictments, The . 397

M.lk Investigation, Assembly-

man Flynn Seeks . 333

Milk June, $1.95 a cwt. for.. 437
Milk Legislation, Results on 279
Milk L censing, Views of Legis¬
lators on . 20

Milk Made at a Loss 11 Years 476

M.lk, More on Raw . 248

Miik. More Tamper ng With 245
“Milk Odors,” More on

Pennsylvania’s . 285

Milk Plant, Farmer-Owned.. 172
Milk Plant, Waverly, N. Y.

Seeks . 245

M'lk Plants Burn' . 600

Milk Prices for August . 559

Miik Prices, Corrected June.. 456
Milk Prices for December. ... 84

M.lk Prices for April . 352

Milk Prices for February .... 278

Milk Prices for June . 436

M lk Prices for March . 328

Milk Prices for May . 397

Milk Prices for January . 172

Milk Prices for July . 517

M.lk Prices for October .... 619
Milk Prices for October

Additional . 636

M lk Prices for September. . . . 581
Miik Pr.ces, What Our Farm

Women Think About .... 383
Milk Producers, Accounting

for . 353

Milk Producers Bargaining
Agency, Metropolitan Co¬
operative . 45

Milk Producers, Metropolitan
Co-operat ve, Bargaining

Agency . 661

Milk Production Feed Costs.

Comparative . 398

Milk Product on in Penna. 399

Milk Racket, Protests . 91

Milk, Raw, Ban Postponed.. 47
Milk. Raw, In Favor of .... 87

Milk Referendum, Baraginlng
Agency and League Try

Page

to Stop New . 90

Milk Referendum on Feb. 17 85

Milk Report for 1940, A .... 130
Milk Research Council . 361

M. lk Rulings, New . 218

Milk, Stringy . 131

Miik Wanted . 250

M lkers. Drying off Heavy . . 539

Mjneola Fair Winners . 533

Mineral Deficiency . 176. 250

Molt. Neck . 25

Monopoly Favors Pasteuri¬
zation . 212

Monopoly, Lords of, Disagree

Too . 45

Montour Falls, at, N. Y . 224

Monument to a Fowl . 608

Monuments, More . 659

Mosaic — New Disease of Lil.es 234
Mucklands, Progress in the.. 351
Muskmelons at Wa'berta Farm 120

Muskrat Catches Duck . 384

Muskrats and Ducks . 213

Mutton?. What Becomes of the 659

National Dairy Show. The... 129
Natural Nitrate Film, New.. 6
Nature Trail at Thousand

Island Park . 229

Navel Infection, Possible .... 499

Neck Molt . 25

Neppco Exposition . 517

Neppco Eelects Managing

Director . 56

New Deal Fallac'es . 517

N. E. Fresh Egg Institute.... 101
New England Village Pioneers

Again, A . 411

New Hampshire Awards .... 217

New Jersey Fair. At the _ 552

New Jersey, In . 368 444

New Jersey. News From. ... 17
39. 80. 140. 184. 220, 240,

293, 312. 364, 423. 454, 483.

557. 628, 642 . 656

New Jersey, Thanks From _ 596

New Jersey W nners . 459

New York Crop Report .... 522
New York Flower Show, at

„ the . 230

New York State Expert Going

to Orono . 486

New York State Fair. 1941 _ 458

New York State Jersey Breed¬
ers Meet . 88

New York State Livestock.... 211
New York’s Dairy Tragedy.. 437
New York’s Farm Census.... 475

Niver, Frank M . 6

North Country News. . 56

121, 155, 421, 555 . 643

Ohio State Horticultural So¬
ciety Meeting of the . 200

Ophthalmia Periodic ... 445

Orange County 4-H News .... 72

Orange County Patr arch. An 395
Orchard ng, Scientific, By a

Pioneer . 367

Order Amendments, Not Sub¬
ject to . 90

Orono. N. Y. State Expert

Going to . 486

Orphan Pigs . 419

Otsego County, From . 131

Otsego County in the Spring 300
Our Great Democracy . . 618

Oviduct Trouble . ! 340

Paradox at Albany . 147

Parent and the School, The 84

Parrott. Director, at State

Grange Meeting . 663

Pastroal Parson and His

Country Folks . 72. 287

Pasture for Hens . 329

Pasture, Price for . 399, 499

Pastures, Twenty Years

With . 366. 408

Patriotism and the 4-H . 394

Pea Seed Treatment . 69

Peach Trees. Budding Old _ 414

Peach Variety Situation, The 237
Peaches, Do We Cultivate,

Too Much . 450

Pear, Her Majesty the . 124

Peas In Central New York.. 672
Peas, Telephone. Supporting.. 597

Peas?, Whats Spoils the . 432

Peat — Its Nature and Value to

Horticulture . 392

Peat. On the Use of . 453

Penna. Boy s Winner . 7

Pa. Farm News . 28, 36, 598

Pa. Farm Show Winners _ 128

Pa., Govt. Price Fixing in. . 16

Pa. Inspection Bill Now Be¬
fore Governor . 437

Peonies for Fall Planting.... 490

Pepper, James H . 552

Percheron Conference Coming

East . 264

Percherons, Increase in . 49

Perenn.al Border for the Farm 615

Pheips, Charles S . 338

P g Pen Floor . 175

Pig, Strange Actions of . 445

Pigs Best, for Home Use... 86
Pigs, Cow’s Milk for Orphan 383

Pigs, Crossbred . 499

Plants for Northern New

Hampshire . 508

Plants. Wild, Protected . 598

Plight of a Consumer . 285

Plum Tree, Ailing . 578

Poem — Pl.ght of a Consumer 285

Polyneur tis. Possible . 382

Pond, A Practical, for the

Small Formal Garden .... 242

Ponies and Children . 566

Ponies Boarding . 419

Pool, Conn. Farmers Oppose.. 341

Poor Hoof Development . 587

Pork Product-on Problems.... 306

Potato Field Day . 433

Potato Industry. The, in New

York . 491

Potato Planting in Steuben

County . 351

Potato Production, New York,

Up . 296

Potato Rot, Effective Treat¬
ment for . 597

Potato Scab. Prevent ng . 154

Potato Tour. Long Island.

June 26-27 . 371

Potatoes for Poultry . 588

Potatoes Grown under Straw 592

Potatoes on the Eastern Shore 433

Potatoes, Peculiar Actions of 633

Poultry, Acorns for . 648

Poultry and Egg Producton

„ l05’ . . 287

Poultry and Egg Production,

Increase in . 38I

Poultry Association, A State. . 85

Poultry Association, In Favor

„ of a . 173

Poultry Association, Support

Page

for . 245

Poultry Association, What New
York Poultrymen Have to

Say About a State . 215

Poultry Assoc ations. Active.. 254
Poultry Booklets and Cata¬
logs . 101, 184

Poultry, Bread for . 382

Poultry, Cut-up. Market for.. 559

Poultry Day, Ohio . 404

Poultry Farms, New York In¬
stitute Students Visit . 97

Poultry, Feed Consumed by.. 525

Poultry Feed Costs . 422

Poultry, Good, Will Pay Off 56

Poultry. Grass Silage for . 185

Poultry, Home Grown Feed

for . 477

Poultry House, Annual, Clean¬
ing . 523

Poultry House, Glass . 382

Poultry House Problem . 382

Poultry in Delmarva . 258

Poultry Lice . 443

Poultry, License for Selling.. 107
Poultry L fe on the Range.. 346

Poultry M tes . 648

Poultry, Packaged . 29

Poultry. Paralyzed . 623

Poultry Partnership . 340

Poultry Problems. Help On.. 287
Poultry Problems, Various . . 139

Poultry Quiz . 57

Poultry Ration. A . 667

Poultry, Save Work With _ 57

Poultry Show, 92nd Boston... 105
Poultry Show, Rensselaer

County . 25

Poultry, Some Thoughts About 108

Poultry Tumors . 314

Poultry Vaccination . 314

Poultry Vitamin Requirements 97
Poultry Work, Planning out

the . 286

Poultrymen Meet, N. H . 404

Price F xing Govt., in Pa. . . 16

Producer Payrolls?, Where are

the . 417

Producer Plea Rejected by

Sheffield . 417

Producers’ Co-operative, A

Successful . 178

Producers, No Ballots for .... 90

Production Trends . 352

Boost Sale of State Products 601
Pruning Pointers. Practical.. 151
Pullets, Chronic Coccidiosis in 482

Pullets, Hous ng in 1941 . 314

Pullets, Raising, in Fall . 545

Pullets, Select, Carefully _ 503

Railroad for $301!, He

Bought a . 511

Rambling Along at Long

Acres - 59, 72, 117, 169.

239. 274, 301. 428, 548 . 634

Raspberries. Fall Bearing and

Late Strawberries . 200

Raspberries. Red, for the

Upper South . 166

Ration With Corn-and-Cob-

meal . 604

Raw Milk Ban in Ohio . 124

Raw Milk, Best Hearts on . . 372

Raw M.lk Hearing . 20

Reader Asks About Milk In¬
dictments . 417

Real Values in Horticulture.. 637

Rehoboth, Mass., Fair . 472

Resolution, Helpful, for Farm¬
ers . 417

Resp.ratory Trouble . 588

Rhode Island Chick Show.... 108
R. I. Reds, Exper.ence With.. 289

Rhubarb Curcuiio . 368

Ringbone Treatment . 337

R.ngworm Possible . 645

Roadside Stands . 415

Roadside Stands, Efficient _ 271

Rockhiils Farm W. nners .... 512
Romance, The 70 Year Old . . 218

Roof, Sparks on the . 515

Rubber, Conserving . 579

Rural Mail Del-very . 325

R. N.-Y. Reader is Winner . . 268
Rural New-Yorker Trip, No.. 395
Ruralisms —

Acacia, The Bull-horn _ 394

Akebia. The Graceful . 394

Anemones. The Japanese .. 327

Annuals, Suggested . 272

Balsams. The . 118

Beans, Two Attractive .... 150

Cactus, A Showy . 434

Callas for W.nter . 554

Camellia, The Old . 81

Chrysanthemums. Early .... 42

Clematis, Small-Flowered. . . 534

Clemat s. The Showy . 473

Climbers, Annual . 150

Climbers. Smaller . 198

Daffodils That Fa 1 to Flower 414

Delphinium Troubles . 434

Euphorbias Perennial . 534

“Fiddle Greens” . 434

Flowers, Annual . H8

Flowers for Partial Shade.. 236

Friend. An Old . 554

Friends, Other Old . 42

Funkias or Plantain Lilies.. 327

Garden Lilies, The . 473

Geraniums, General Care of 578
Geraniums, L. Washington 578
Geraniums, Wintering the 578

Globe Thistle, The . 9

Hedges and Hedge Plants.. 350

Hedges, Evergreen . 414

Hedges. Flowering . 350

Herbs in the Window . 9

Holly, Sea, The . .... 42

Hop Vine, The Useful _ 198

Jerusalem Cherry . 81

Kerria, The Old . 414

L atris or Kansas Gay-

feather . 327

Mimosa. The . 236

Non-Climb ng Sorts . 534

Old Friend, An . 554

Perennial Euphorbias . 534

Perennials for Partial Shade 302

Phlox . 327

Piggy-Back Plant, The . ... 118

Poinsettia, Growing . 81

Pokers, Red-hot . | 554

Poppy Seed as a Crop . 350

Rose Bed. Preparing a . 198

Roses, New . 236

Roses, The . 198

Sea Holly. The . 42

Seed Orders . ns

Shrubs, Berr'ed . 9

Shrubs. Late-Blooming . 81

Silver King, The . 534

Southernwood . 554

Spring Favorites . 9

Strawberry Geranium, The. 118

Tea. French Homemade _ 198

Wheat Cactus Again, The. . 236

Safeway Stores in New York 372
St. Lawrence Co. 4-H Winners 368

Page

Salt, Why, for Livestock?.... 211

Scaly Leg . 648

Scandal, A, To Be Corrected 85

Schoharie H 11s, From . 652

School Abuses, Object to . 12

School Case Concerning the

Brockton, N. Y . 124

School, Central, Costs . 352

School, Concerning the One

Room . 213

School Program, More Facts
About the Hammondsport 338
School, Rural, Notes. .388 443 566
School Statement, Answer to

Brocton, N. Y . 243

School, The Parent and The.. 84

School, To, in a Bus . 350

School. Wappingers Falls .... 388

Schooling. Migratory . 316

Schools, Better Rural . 388

Schools, Readers Give V.ews

on Rural . 36

Schools, Rural. Give Us Back

Our . 448

Schools, Rural, vs. Centralized 566

Sec. W ckard A Leter to _ 352

Seedlings, Handling . 70

September — The Month for
Working With Flowers.... 515
Sesquicentennial at Mary¬
land. New York . 446

Set Aside the Best 25% . 471

“Seven Decades of M.lk”.. 173,

196, 244, 270, 304. 328 353,

373, 397, 477, 600 636, 660,

619, 559 . 580

Sheep Flock, Starting . 337

Sheep, Thoughts on . 587

Sheffield Producer Plea Re¬
jected by . 417

Shells, Soft . 136

Short Course in Fru't Grow-

_. inS . 533

Sickness, Disinfect After .... 589
Signal Leters in Box Car Size 417
S-lage Corn, Yield and Value

of . 645

Silage From Bushes . 465

S lage. Hybrid Corn for....!! 211

Silo Proposition, A . 94

Sires. Approved Ayrshire . ! ! ! 94

Sisson, George W. Jr. . 373

Sisson, George W., Jr.,

Honored . 375

Skimm.lk. Feeding Dry 188

Soft Shells . ...........!!! 667

Soil Conservat on Profits in.. 589

Soil Erosion Control . 391

So 1, The Wonder and Mystery

„ of • ■ . . 655

Sows. Two-Year-Old Best.... 131

Soybean, The Popular . 325

Soybeans, Edible . 371

Soybeans on the Atlant.c Sea- .

board . 531

Soybeans. Roasting . 47

Sparks on the Roof . ! 515

Sponsers . 439

Spray Behaved?, How Has the

Harvest . 494

Spraying, A Lesson in . 227

Springfield Exposition, Judges

„ ior . . 361

Spuds, Faith in . 535

Squab Broilers . 422

Squab Production Feed.ng for 106

Squash Variety, New . 6

Squire, How Grandpa, Used

To Do it . 274

Stands. Roadside . 486

Stars, The, of W nter . 116

State Fair, Exhibitors At .... 474
State Poultry Association A.. 85

Statement by a Doctor . 477

Steer Studies . 478

Steuben County, From .. .38,

165, 233, . 300

Steuben County News . 412

Stock, Good Laying . 26

Stock vs. Livestock . 42

Stooge, Report of a Dealer _ 45

Strawberries at Walberta

Farm . 273

Strawberries, Cover ng . 631

Strawberries, Fertilize, in

Slimmer . 414

Strawberries in Delmarva.... 369

Strawberries, Late . 200

Strawberry. Newer, Varieties

in Massachusetts . 228

Strawstack. Cutting a . 26

Streeter, Maitland H . 167

Subscriber, From an Old .... 71

Subscr.ption Racket, A . 632

Suffo k Association Meeting.. 51

Suffolk County Fair . 452

Sugar Maples, Tapping . 152

Sullvan County, Return to.. 6

Sunnyrock Farm Notes . 159

Sweet Potatoes for Livestock 309

Sweets, B g Business in . 115

Sw,ne, Ailing . 645

Swine Show and Sale . 6

Syracuse State Fair Program,

The . 474

Tanbark, Tales From the _ 565

Tax Assessments, The Prob¬
lem of . 238

Teacher, A States Her Case.. 167
Teacher, Another, Speaks Out 316

Teat, Drying Off Surplus _ 589

Teeth, Cause of Bad . 637

Tent Caterp liar Scarcity .... 431
Thanks From New Jersey.... 596
“The Top One-Third” — A

Lesson in Spray. ng . 227

Times, In Tune With the.... 275
Tobacco. Connecticut Shade.. 161

Tobacco Crop. Good . 492

Tobacco for Hens . 56

Tobacco in Fact and Fancy.. 148
Tomato Crop. Increased .... 574
Tomatoes at Walberta Farm.. 171

Tomatoes or Beans? . 368

Tour, Plans For An R. N.-Y. 70

Tourist Needs . 290

Town Meeting Spir t . 477

Tractor Operation, Rules for

Safe . 127

Tractors, Adv.ce on . 83

Trade Barriers on Fruits.... 205
Tree. Several Varieties on

One . 616

“Trix.e,” More News About.. 459

Turkey D nners . 615

Turkey Eggs Hatching . 254

Turkey Outlook Good . 648

Turkey Sale, Northern New

^ ,York . 58

Turkey Sales . 649

Turkeys, Ailing . 623

Turkeys, An Adventure in. 572

Turkeys, Feeding . 454

Turkeys, Fin.sh. Properly Be¬
fore Marketing . 609

Turkeys Market.ng 1 400, at

Retail . 430

Typ cal Rural New-Yorker

Farm Family, From The.. 612

Udder, Congested . . 399

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Page

Ulster County Dairymen Pro¬
test . 353

Ulster County Fair . 528

Vaccination, Trouble With . . 545
Vegetables, Home-Stored .... 149

Vegetables in Texas . 114

Veteran Horse . 89

Veterinarians Should Co¬
operate . 417

Vineyard, Story of an Er e

County . 199

Virginia, From Old . 558

Vitamin A in Egg Yolk . 314

Vitamin E for Fertil ty . 545

Vitamin Requirements. Poul¬
try . 97

Vitamins, The, In one Egg. . 600

War, We Are At . 660

Water Pumping Problem .... 576
Waverly License Hear ng at

Albany, April 18 . 268

Waverly Plant Denied License

for . 353

Waverly Plant, Hearing on.. 304
Wayne Co. 4-H Champions.. 130

We Ride Aga.n . 355

Weeds — -A National Menace.. 410
West of Buffalo? What’s .... 34

Western Fruit. Profits in .... 397
Western New York News ..40
70, 224, 296, 351, 368.

452. 552 . 635

What Farmers Say .... 13. 85,

124. 172, 204, 278, 372, 396,

496. 558, 637. 660, 456 . 601

What Farmers Say —

Business, A Big — for the

Dealer . 496

Credit to Whom it is Due. . 496
D. F. U., Powerful Right

Arm for the . 172

Farm Problem, A Pressing 396
Farmer. The, is Not Free.. 396
From Grandfather to Grand¬
son . 372

Government Control, Failure

n . 172

How Much Did it Cost? .... 278
Little Bird in Harrisburg. . 278
Milk Monopoly. Pressure by 278
M.lk Trust, The, Casts its

Shadow . 172

Taxes, Approves R. N.-Y.

Stand on Farm . 278

“What Growers Say,” Com¬
ment on . 5

Wheat in Ma ne . 598

Wheat, Winter, in Maine.... 542
Wildflower Protection in

Western New York . 455

Williams, Lewis C . 578

W nter, Good, on the Farm.. 264

Wool Grades and Classes . 438

Wool Labeling Act. The _ 337

Worm Treatment for Hogs.... 86
Wright Resigns as D. F. U.

Head . 20

Casserole Dish, N. E . 424

Castors in Style Again . 401

Catch ng Up . 22

Catsup Recipes . 480

Caution . 3o6

Centerpiece, Miniature . 640

Chain Letters . 401

Cheese-Mak.ng at Home .... 440

Cheese-Noodle Ring . 182

Chevon, Brick Chile con . . 52

Chevon, Mincemeat . 52

Chicken — and Rce with

Golden Sauce . 99

Curry . 99

Fat Shortening . 133

Livers on Toast . 99

Loaf . 664

Loaf Deluxe . 99

Muffins . 664

Chicken Souffle . 99, 311

Children’s R.ghts . 480

Chowder, Ciam . 584

Codfish Souffle . 311

Coffee, Sunshine Iced . 441

Cook es, Aunt Louisa’s . 54

Cook.es, Canteen . 606

Cookies, Honey Ice Box .... 377

Cookies. Shamrock . 180

Corn, Baked, and Cheese . . 132
Corn, Canning Tomatoes with 425
Corn. Hulled — the Modern

Method . 585

Cotton Week . 310

Cream, Clotted . 356

Crochet Contest, The . 480

Crochet Contest, The R. N-Y

Crochet Contest, The R. N.-Y.’

Speed, Last Call for .... 460

Decorator’s T^p . 480

Defense Diet . 376

Defense, National, and You 132
Dieting. My Struggles with . . 441

Doll Exhib t . 334

Dollar-A-Year Woman _ !. 282

Door, A Br.ght Blue . 440

Doors, Latticed Cupboard . . 377
Doughnuts Banana, Rate Tops 665
Dress, Give Your, the Look

of Spring . 282

Early Spring Tonics from the

Garden . 208

Easter Dinner, For the . 252

Egg Basket Salad . ' 252

Elderberries, Those . . 425

Executive. _ The Home . . . . ! ! 540
Experience. What is Your . . 376

Extra Dollars . 440

F 11 the Cans . 424

Filling, Date . 553

Flag Day — June 14th . . " " 376

Flower Show. Junior . 400

Flowers — Here and There . . 311
4-H Camp in Washington . . 424
Fru t and Vegetable Juices.. 563
Fudge, Maple Sugar Nut .. 31 1

Furniture, Porch . 334

Yards vs. Close Housing . 572

Woman and Home

/Accurate Shopping Figures . . 53

America, For . 664

Apple — Cheese . 520

Chutney . 480

Glazed Ham . 252

Puffs . 607

Rec pes. More . 22

Week Oct. 24-31, National 562
Appies — and Cabbage,

Scalloped . 520

Baked, Slices with Honey 22

Butterscotch . 520

Fancy Baked . 22

for Health . 182

French Pie . 182

Frozen Sauce Cream . 182

Grandma’s Fried . 22

Let’s Use More . 520

Old-Fashioned Pan Dowdy 22
Stuffed Pork Chops With 182

Apr.cot Squares . 563

Aprons, Tricky Garden . 401

Are You Really Your Own

Boss? . 180

Arts and Crafts Gulid . 540

Bags, Paper, Galore . 335

Banana and Strawberry Jam 356

Banana Muffins, Sour Cream 54

Banana Puffs . 209

Bandages, Homemade . 377

Bean, Lima, Loaf . 132

Beans, Home Canned . 23

Beefburger Tart . 520

Birthday, For a March .... 182
Birthday, For an April .... 253

Biscuits, Fruit Drop . 562

Blackberry Girl, The . 356

Blueberry Cream Pie . 461

Blueberry Recipes . 461

Blueberry roly-poly . ' 461

Book Notes —

“How Dear to My Heart” 253
"They Came to a River” 356

"Try This One” . 584

“America’s Housekeeping

Book” . 622

Book, Picture, for Home¬
makers . 562

Books for Christmas, Give . . 641

Borrowing . 665

Bread. Orange . 182

Breakfast — Day’s Most Im¬
portant Meal . 461

Butter Brickie . 641

Butterscotch Apples . 520

Butterscotch Date Sticks .... 606

Cake — Banana Nut Loaf 541
Brown Sugar Meringue

. 606

Chocolate Peppermint .... 54

Danish Apple . 501

Filling, Sour Cream . 54

Honey Coffee . 563

Lemon Sponge . 182

Camp, For the Boys in .... 606

Can the Culls . 664

Cann ng, Getting Ready for 282
Canning, Successful Straw¬
berry . 334

Canning Tomatoes with Corn 425

Caramel Divinity . 641

Caramels, Honey . 641

Carrot Scramble . j ’ ' | 541

Carrot, The Versatile . 541

Carrots, Candied . 544

Carrots, Peppy Peas and . . 541
Carrots, Spanish . 541

Garden Aprons, Tricky 401

Garden Hint . " 607

Garden Notes ...180, 252.' 311, 335
Garden, Take Your, Inside. 540
Gingerbread. Filed Honey 563
G rl. Blackberry, The ‘

Glasses, Decorating . . 622

Good and Bad Points in

Dress . 53

Grandma’s Easy Pickles . 441

Guest Room, For Your _ 425

Ham, Apple Glazed . 25“>

Ham Honeyed . 520

Ham Slices with Cranberries 563
Ham with Apricots and

Potatoes . 209

Handicrafters-Gardeners 29

52 99 132. 182. 208. 253,'

232 310, 334. 356, 376, 400
42o. 440. 480. 500, 521 540'

562, 584 607. 622, . ’ 664

Hobday Gift Suggestion, A.. 622
Home Grown Vegetables .... 180
Honey — Apple Dumplings.. 622

ADple Pie . ' Kco

Caramels . ’ ’ . . r41

Coffee Cake . 553

Gingerbread. Filled . . . sr?

Ice Box Cookies . 377

Peanut Butter Icing 563

Week— Oct. 27-Nov. 2 . 563

Hot Lunches. Make, for them 132
Hot Pan Holders for the Prac-

tical gp

Housewifes’s Musings ... 665

How to Carve Your Easter

Ham . . 208

How to Use Chevon . 52

Ice Cream. Home Made 440

Ice Cream. Vanilla . 440

Iced Coffee Sunshine 444

Icmg. Honey Peanut Butter. 563
Informative Labels . 22

Jam — Banana and Straw¬
berry . 356

Green Gooseberry . 400

Old Time Strawberry . 334

Strawberry-Pineapple . 334

Wild Strawberry ... 344

■Telly and Canning Helps".'.' 424

Jelly. Elderberry . 400

Jelly Red Raspberry and
Currant . 439

Keen Christmas. Merry . 640

Kitchen, New, by Rearrange¬
ment . CRO

Kitchen Thrift i"! . 93

Kitchen Thrift. More Ideas on 401
K.tchen Window Goes Gay.. 640

Latt ced Cuoboard Doors .... 377

Lent For Variety in . 182

Lenten Recioes . 439

Let Them Go to Seed 562

Letters, Chain . 404

Little Brown House From
the ....23, 208, 310, 400,

460 500 . 584

Lima Bean Loaf . 432

Lincoln’s Birthday . 98

Love is a Seasoning . 282

Lunch Boxes, Those . 520

Macaroni Loaf . 182

Maple Chocolate Fluff . 311

Page

Maple Sandwich Filling .... 311
Maple Sugar Nut Fudge .... 311
Milk Strainers, Uses for . . 440

Mistletoe, The . 640

Mixes, Minute Saving . 521

Molasses for Iron . 334

Money Making for Charity . . 54

Moths, Fooling the . 356

Muffins, Engl.sh . 356

Muff.ns, Whole Wheat . 461

National Defense and You . . 132
Needlework Competition .... 606

Neighboriiness. Good . 252

Neighborless, Red Cross .... 606

N. E. Casseroie Dish . 424

New Hampshires 8th Annual

Craftman’s Fair . 480

New York Town, In . 98

Not So Lowly Apron, The 180
Notes From the Catsk.lls

133, 376 . 481

Nurses, Registration for .... 356
Nuts, What to do with .... 541

Omelet, Plain . 344

Omelet, Vegetable . 253

Onions, Baked . 209

Our Part . . * ’ ’ 400

Oysters, Panned, on Toast . . 132

Page

Sponsors . 480

Strawberries, Never Float

Canned . 334

Strawberry, Successful, Can¬
ning . 334

Strawberry Supreme . 334

Successful W.nclow Boxes .... 282

Succotash. Tomato . 182

Summer Favorites . 377

Summer Tr.ps . 461

Sweets, Holiday . 641

Table, Do You Give Thought

to Your . 622

Thanksgiving, A Real . 606

That Extra Touch . 441

This and That . 562

Time Saving Ideas .’. . 376

Tiiiou’s, Mrs., Pnze Winning

Recipes . 400

T.p for Gardeners . 335

“Tomato Flip” . 481

Tomato Hot . 441

Tomato Puree . 480

Tomato Relish, Green . 480

Tomato Succotash . 182

Trays, My Serving . 253

Try Something New . 356

Uses for Sour Cream . 54

Page

Binder at Work on the Duncan

Campbell Farm . 475

Blossoms, Removing, By Caus¬
tic Sprays . 322

Blossoms, Sticking on by

Hand Pollination . 322

Blueberries . 68

Blueberry Area of Maine. The 168
Borland. Prof. A. A. and Part

of Dairy Herd . 46

Boys, Two and Goat . 491

Brace, Natural . 38

Brace, Natural on Young Tree 38
Brace, Natural, in the B. G.

Case Orchard . 38

Bridal Shower, Decorat.ons

for a . 334

Brooder House, Colony . 67

Brooder on Test . 67

Brooder With Removable
Center Heating Unit and
Substitute Oil Lamp Unit 67

Brookin, Mrs. B. H . 500

Brov.tch, Miss Irene . 500

Bull. Holstein. Sir Alberkerk

Pontiac Posch . 645

Bull, “Alice” . 548

Bull, “Hilltop Butterfat” _ 518

Bulls Exercising . 548

Burpee’s 1941 Specials . 35

Butter Tub, The World’s

Largest . 587

Buttons, Mounted . 98

Paper Bags Galore . 335

Pennsylvania Dutch Recipe. 132

Pepper Rings . 430

Peppermint Icing . 54

P-ckle, Red Cabbage . 500

P.ckles and Relishes, Tested 480

Pickles, Mixed . 480

Pickles, Quick Cucumber . . 480

Picnic, Meals, Quick . 425

Pie, “B g Apple” . 23

Pie, Blueberry Cream ... 461

P*e, Blush Apple . 562

Pie, Corn . 432

Pie, Honey Apple 563

P.e, Hoosier Apple . " 562

Pie, M.nce-Meat Apple 622

Pie Plant, That Good oid 283

P e, Raisin-Rhubarb . 252

P*e, Red Cherry . 433

Pie, Rhubarb . 252

Pie, Rhubarb Custard . 283

Pie, Rhubarb Meringue . . 283

Pies, Five-Minute . ' 432

Pineapple, Preservative Value

Of . 334

P nfeather Problem, The . 607

Plann.ng A St. Patrick’s

Party . 180

Plant Everlasting for Pleasure

and Profit . 282

Plant Now for Easter Bioorn-

D lng . . 607

Poems for 1941 _

Apple Jelly . 500

Canning Time . ” ” 48o

Children’s Rhyme . 376

Christmas Lullaby .... 640

Country Winter . 22

Farm Home, The . . 282

Hill Farms, The 584

H 11s of Home . 355

In A Changing World " ' 460

MeLssa’s Garden . 95 9

Milk.ng Time . .i";" 540

M.ne — This House . 208

My Kitchen . 490

November Scene . 606

Old Country Doctor . . 132

Optimism . ’ * 52

Prayer for Amer.can Home¬
makers, A . 520

Quiet Homestead . . . 62,:>

Rosemary Makes A Cake 562

Route One . 93

Star-Spangled Banner, The 664
To A Little Boy 494

Wants . 334

Where the Earth and Heaven

Meet . 440

Wild Strawberries . 310

Window Magic . 480

Primer For Americans . 52

Prize Winning Recipes, Mrs.

Tiiiou’s . 400

Pudding, Blueberry Crumb . . 377
Pudding, Steam Pumpkin . . 664

Ramblings . 534

Recipes From Maine . 500

Recipes. T.mely . . | 355

Red Cross Workers, For . . 480
Reduc ng Business, This .. 520

Relish, Cabbage, Beet and

Celery . 500

Relish, Cold Meat . | | 444

Relish, Green Tomato . 480

Relish, Maine Vegetable .... 540

Reiish. Quick Apple . 520

Reiish. Red Pepper . 444

Rhubarb Dumplings . 252

Rhubarb Ice Cream .... 252

Rhubarb in the Spring .... 252

Rhubarb Relish . 252

Room. For Your Guest .... 425
Rugs From Small Pieces .... 377
Rural Life Sunday . 334

Veal Baked in Cream . 54

Veal, Jellied . 377

Vegetable Omelet . 253

Vegetables, Home Grown .... 180

Vinegar for Pickles . 500

Vinegars, Distilled . 500

Vinegars, Fruit . 500

Visiting Nurse —

Dental Decay . 501

Diet and Disease, Part I.. 283
Diet and Disease, Part 11.. 357
Feet! Poor Neglected Feet! 98
If the Doctor Says: “You

Have Colitis” . 585

In Emergenc.es . 440

Parents’ Problems, Help in

Solv ng . 664

Playing Fair With Your

Physician . 181

When Sickness Strikes .... 481
Visits, Early September . 520

Ways With Chicken . 99

What Are We Doing? . 664

Whole Oven Meal, The .... 209

W nter Bouquets . 99

Women’s Exchange . 335

Working to Help Others .... 208

More on Penna.’s “Milk
Odors”

Your March 8 issue carried an
article headed “Stench in Pennsyl¬
vania.” Why put it so mildly? It is
rather gratifying to see your good
paper delving into some of the
affairs so mishandled through our
Pennsylvania Milk Control Com¬
mission.

Brother Bob Freeman, and others
in the Allentown area have made
monkeys out of the Milk Control
Commission for years, but if Free¬
man, Ortiwein and Avondale were
the only ones involved, the matter
might be less significant. The records
of M.C.C. have been jammed so full
of just such things from all over the
State that it is really pathetic.

Why wonder why the Commission
only collected $1,747.52? That’s a
trifle as compared with many other
cases of underpayments. What would
you think of a $36,000 underpayment
on which no attempt was ever made
to collect? Do you think it would
be possible to settle a $53,000 audit
for about $11,000? What would you
think of an irresponsible dealer
signing a bond personally, instead
of the proper signatures to make it
binding, for about $50,000, and then
have the Commissioner’s attorneys
come out of their Rip Van Winkle
slumber after it was too late? Or of
another case where a dealer flopped
around under three different names
and hooked the farmers for thousands
of dollars each and every time and
is probably doing the same thing
now?

Do you know that -practically all
the large dealers in the Harrisburg
area, and many in the Pittsburg and
other areas have underpaid then-
producers, all to the knowledge of
the Milk Control Commission? This
may have been corrected within the
past year, who knows.

The law calls for a 3-man com¬
mission but for almost a year now
it has been operating with only two
memoers, one a Republican, the other
a Democrat. Suffice to say if a disa¬
greement exists, then there is no con¬
structive legislation, and I under¬
stand that such has been the case

recently, and who would be left
holding the bag? The farmers, you
can bet.

Just so long as politics permeates
the Milk Control Commission, (and it
has been saturated with it,) just that
long will the farmers be the under¬
dogs. Any law with jokers in it is
bound to fail even though manned
by an efficient personnel, and by the
same token, a good law with a
personnel hostile to it is also bound
to fail.

It may be that we have a little
of each in Harrisburg.

Pennsylvania E. W. Maxwell

Garlicky Milk

We have a herd of 20 cows and
at different times during the Summer
have trouble with garlicky milk. It
seems that one of our fields has
plenty of this weed. What we have
been doing is to allow the cows to
graze until 1 P. M. then bring them
to the stable and feed hay heavily.
This seems to get rid of some of
the odor and taste but not all.

Pennsylvania o. x. h.

We know of no plan that will
avoid some garlic flavor if the cows
have access to it at all. If obliged
to use such pasture, they should be
removed before noon. There is con¬
siderable difference in the attitude
of cows. Now and then one seems
to like the gax-lic and will eat it
anyway.

Garlic comes up early in Spring,
so that there will be a lot of it in
the first feed. If there is any young
or dry stock, it is a good plan to
put them on this first feed before
the other cows are turned out.

Aeration will do some good to milk
with garlic or other strong flavor,
but it is no complete remedy.

If the garlic is in small patches,
of a square yard or so, as is some¬
times the case, it will pay well to
dig out as many of them as possible.
A spading fork thrust down deeply
in a wet time will loosen them so
that a great many may be pulled out.
We have seen this plan worked out
on quite a large scale, with less ex¬
penditure of time than would seem
possible.

More Cold/

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operates on a new, exclusive prin¬
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combines the lowest operating cost
with the utmost efficiency. The only
satisfactory cooling is quick cooling.
This requires ice; so the Surge
builds and maintains a large block
of ice. All this is fully explained in
our Illustrated Free Book — a reve¬
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MILK COOLER

Mail This Coupon for FREE B

i BABSON BROS. CO., of N. Y., 566 Spencer St.f Dept.3074, Syracuse, N. Y. I

■ Gentlemen: Please mail to me your Illustrated Free Book about the Surge Milk Cooler,

■ together with your Easy Terms.

I Name . j

J Town . R.F.D . State . j

Experience proves

qau 6&oe.

— fencing all stock, all the time,
all over the farm — with

Electric Fence
Controller

Underwriters* Laboratories Seal of Ap¬
proval forSafetyon Primehigh-linemodels.

There's your assurance of safety. The
experience of thousands of successful
farmer users is your assurance of money¬
making. work-saving performance . . .
Let Prime end your fence worries now.

___ See your Prime dealer . . .
i Also economical battery

models. The Prime Mfg. /
iyn Co., Milwaukee, Wis. M

.^-'ConUottw*

To HOLD the milk duct in its
natural shape while healing and
promote easy milking, use Bag
Balm Dilators. The smooth,
ivory-like, non-break material
will not absorb pus-infection
and cannot irritate injured tis¬
sue when inserting or withdraw¬
ing. All size teats conform natu¬
rally. Flutes carry in and apply
antiseptic* Bag Balm evenly, and
shaped neck prevents slipping out.
No fabrics to bunch up; no wife or
projections to snag or infect. Use
for all internal teat injuries or ob ■
structions while healing. 25 dila
tors in antiseptic ointment. 60c,
At dealers or mailed postpaid, p

DAIRY ASSOCIATION CO., INC.
Depf. 9-A, Lyndonville, Vf.

BAG

BALM

DILATORS

The Farmer Bis
Own Builder

By H. Armstrong Roberts

A practical and
handy book of all
kinds of building
information from
concrete to carpen¬
try. Price $1.50.

For sale by

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER
333W. 30th SI., N. Y.

(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

:X.CLV)SW^

CONIFORM

d .i0ot

—h.

wiket an“

stand K*°

W'*'cs

OVl*

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.- Y. and you'll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal. ” See guarantee editorial page.

286

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 19. 1941

ANNUAL PRICE REDUCTK

These are the same HIGH QUALITY CHICKS that we have been selling all season, but con
our policy — A $1.00 per 100 price reduction will take place

April 28th and Further Reductions May

This SEASONAL PRICE REDUCTION will enable many poultry raisers to discover for the
reasons why WISE POULTRYMEN BUY HALL’S CHICKS.

Send For New Price List And Order Early.

All chicks from Pullorum Free Stock by State Test, shipped prepaid and guaranteed 100% li

HALL BROTHERS HATCHERY* Inc* pwall?ngf6ord

Z>N

Bistent with

12th

mselves the

ve delivery.

let. 645-J2
CONN.

W rjKf T W p Mg V SgM mi

I Leg horns -Reds
1 New Hampshires-’ I

: ^rj| y

~ Rocks ~ Wyand
lall cross (Crossbred) C

Dttesfl
hicks i|;

M ; : ; ; ;

“W

^ELl

L BRED FROM WELL BREEI

>ERr

CREDIT«WENE© CHICKVPULLETI

1,800,000 EGGS
Hatching Capacity

6 MILLION

WE HE CHICKS
SOLD IN 1940

NEW JERSEY U.S. APPROVED-BIG SAVINGS Early Orders

PRICES SO LOW that customers’ success with WEND
BREEDING has made WENE CHICKS the most popular
and LARGEST SELLING CHICKS in the East. More
2-to-5-yr.-Old HEN BREEDERS headed by 200 to 314 Egg
Official Record pedigreed R.O.P. Sires than any other Eastern
plant. HATCHES YEAR ’ROUND — capacity 1,800,000
eggs. All popular pure or crossbreeds. Bloodtested. Time
Payment Plan, il desired. ,

EGG AUCTION MEMBERS SAY
WENE CHICKS MOST PROFITABLE

More Wene Chicks are raised by Eastern Egg Auction Members than any other
kind. These men sell eggs by grade and demand the best laying strains. Writa
for their letters reporting how many cases sold from their flocks, how their eggs
graded and prices they received for eggs. FREE CATALOG gives full details
— send postcard today for YOUR Copy. £

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept. 561 5-D, VINELAND, N.J.

ELMER He
WENE

WRITE FOR

FREE

CATALOG

HUBBARD’S

NEW HAMRSNIRES

... In every chick the

"PROFIT-MAKING" BLOOD LINE

Profit this year with the "profit-bred” strain— chicks in whose
blood stream flow all the money-making characteristics ! Through
an 8-point Balanced Breeding Program Hubbard chicks are
strong, big-bodied, officially Pullorum passed. They live— grow
fast— become excellent layers. 30-da£ Guarantee. Sexed day-old
pullets and cockerel chicks available. Rock Cross
for broilers.

HukkarJ Farms

Box 12, WALPOLE, N.H.

HATCHES EVERY MONDAY &
LARGE ENGLISH

THURSDAY — 100% LIVE DELIVERY POSTPAID
Pullets — 100 Ckls. — 100 Non-Sexed— 100

WHITE LEGHORNS . $12.00 $2.00

BARRED & WHITE ROCKS . 8.50 7.00

RED-ROCK CROSS . 8.50 7.00

R. I. REDS & WHITE WYAND . 8.50 7.00

NEW HAMPSHIRE REDS . 9.50 7.00

HEAVY MIXED . 7.50 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Pullets 90% guar. Terms: Cash or C.O.D.
MAPLE LAWN HATCHERY. R. T. Ehrenzeller. Box R,

$6.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
8.00
6.00

Write for free Cat.
MeAlisterville, Pa.

IIIIIIATA I rrUADKIC Our 27th year of breeding for larger and better LEGHORNS. We Keep
vUHIHIn LLUnUnnO from 4,000 to 8,000 birds on our farm. All are of TOM BARRON strain,
weighing up to 614 lbs. All breeders are Bloodtested and are from 2 to 6 years old. Visitors always welcome.
Write for photos of farm, they are free. Chick prices low as $6.50 per 100: Pullets $13: Cockerels $1.50.

JUNIATA POULTRY FARM Box R - ««

RICHFIELD, PA.

New England's Large Egg Strain

ENGLISH LEGHORNS

BIGGEST DISCOUNT WE’VE EVER OFFERED

Vigorous, hardy, northern chicks backed by 15 generations of hen
breeders. Insures highest livability in laying pens. Big savings NOW
for early orders. Beautiful new catalog. Write today.

PEARSON’S NES-TO-U,

Route R, KEENE, N. H.

1LT A ¥¥¥T A ¥ YTPV fllTfU'C Breeders bloodtested. From free range flocks. Safe del.

lN/VV-E, i9 ylJ ALII ¥ guar. We pay postage. Cir. free. 100 500 1000

HANSON OR ENGLISH LARGE TYPE SEXED PULLETS (95% accurate) . $12.00 $60.00 $120.00

HANSON OR ENGLISH LARGE TYPE STR. RUN WH. LEG. or BR. LEGHORNS 6.50 32.50 65.00

BAR & WH ROCKS R. I & N. H. REDS, WH. WYAND. & BUFF ORPINGTONS 7.00 35.00 70.00

Leghorn Cockerels, $2.00-100: $9.00-500; $18.00-1000. Assorted or Heavy Mixed - 6.00 30.00 60.00

mmJ. N. NACE POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY, BOX R, RICHFIELD,

PA..

vwvw

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

Planning Out the Poultry Work

The following plan can, I believe,
save poultry men hours and dollars.
A chicken farmer with a small
family needs about 2,000 chickens to
make a living. One man can take
care of 1,500 to 2,000 chickens on
the floor. There may be some who
during a few years take care of
3,000, but these men are exceptional.
Usually a man has to put in a full
day’s work all year round, including
Sundays, if he wants to keep his
2,000-chicken farm in good shape,
raise his chicks properly, cull regu¬
larly, and provide the hygienic
necessities, including vaccinations,
which modern poultry science de¬
mands. Every chicken farmer knows
that the main work which keeps him
busy and makes him weary is not
feeding the chickens and collecting
the eggs, but all the by-work such
as setting the fences for the new
range, digging the trenches for the
pipes, not to mention carrying water,
cleaning the coops, repairing and
painting them, raising the baby
chicks, and chasing around between
brooder stoves, laying rooms, and
the range which is often half a
mile away.

Now suppose we were able to
divide the work so that the egg
farmer had only to take care of his
laying hens, while another farmer
would raise them under the hover
and on the range. If this were possi¬
ble the egg farmers (who would be
in the majority), could take care
of many more than 2,000 chickens
without taking on workers or ex¬
hausting themselves in the course
of the years, and they would be able
to do a better job with the care
and culling of their laying birds and
pay more attention to the quality of
their eggs.

At present very few farmers have
an adequate place for storing their
eggs. Even though on most farms
the dealer comes every three to four
days (and consequently the eggs are
never older than three to four days)
during the hot months the egg
quality might suffer in a much
shorter period than that if they are
not stored at the correct temperature
and humidity. Some farmer, trying
to sell his eggs the same day they
are laid, starts grading and packing
shortly after the eggs have been
collected, without giving them a
chance to cool off. He argues that
he has to use the fastest possible
method if he wants to get through
with his work. He has neither the
time nor the free mind to keep
abreast of things or to try the slower
but better method. He is so busy keep¬
ing this cross between a farm and
a factory going that he is unable
to watch all the important details.
On many places pails are still used
for the collection instead of wire
baskets; eggs are collected once in¬
stead of twice or three times during
the hot season; eggs are washed in¬
stead of brushed; the bedding of the
nests is not changed often enough
so that the eggs get dirty and
cracked.

If the farmer had time, the litter
in the laying houses (often damp)
could be changed more often. Old
wooden nests and hoppers, ideal
hiding places for mites, could be re¬
placed with metal equipment. The
droppings boards or pits could be
cleaned more frequently, and the
manure, a breeding place for flies,
worms and parasites of all kinds,
could be stored in especially con¬
structed manure houses or dumped
so far away that it would not con¬
stitute a menace to the health of
the chickens. Ventilation and win¬
dow openings could be screened
against birds, an important carrier
of diseases. The chickens could be
fed more green stuff such as cut
grass, alfalfa, and clover, or sprouted
or germinated oats in Winter. They
could be given ample runs on the
southern as well as on the northern
side of the chicken buildings so that
the runs could be alternated every
year. Broody hens, which not only
do not produce during their brood¬
ing period but disturb the whole
flock by their constant clucking and
sitting, could be quarantined or
eliminated regularly. If the egg
farmer of today were less harassed
he would undoubtedly discover new
ways to make his chickens more com¬
fortable, thus increasing his egg
production.

The “raising” farmer, on the other

hand, would have to take care of
the baby chicks, provide pox vacci¬
nation and depending on the neigh¬
borhood, also laryngotracheitis vacci¬
nation. He would have to feed the
younger stock on the range and sell
them at laying age to the egg farm¬
er. With how much greater care
than the general poultry farmer
could he nurse the baby chicks and
watch constantly over the tempera¬
ture of the hovers, so often neglected
during sudden changes of tempera¬
ture. He could feed them more fre¬
quently, but not too much at a time,
give them skim-milk to drink and
more greens to eat. How much more
intensive and less occasional could
he watch over feather and toe pick¬
ing thus preventing the early de¬
velopment of cannibalism. He also
could screen the window and venti¬
lation openings of his coops against
birds. He could provide his chicks
with sun porches — with concrete,
wood or wire floors, so that they
could run outside as soon as their
Dlumage and the weather permit.
On the range he could move his
shelters more often so that neither
his soil would become infested nor
his crop burnt. Having more time
he could protect his flock more
effectively against skunks, weasels,
and similar marauders and keep his
fences in good shape. He could
underplow his soil at the correct
season and sow it with the best
adapted crops; he could perform the
vaccination properly without tearing
himself to pieces as todays’s poultry
farmer does during the raising season.
When the first chickens approach
laying age he could watch carefully
so that they would not pick and kill
each other. In other words he would
be able to do a complete replace¬
ment job.

It might easily prove advisable
that the “raising” farmer who could
raise about 10,000 birds during one
season be regularly supervised by
the extension service of an experi¬
ment station. This would give the
egg farmer the highest guarantee to
get well raised stock. A responsible
man under the proper guidance
would of necessity do a much better
job in raising than the all-around
chicken farmer of today.

The question naturally arises as
to whether this division of labor
would not only be convenient but
also practical in terms of cold cash.
The average farmer plans to spend
one dollar in order to raise one
ihick to laying capacity. This in¬
cludes purchasing price, mortality
risks and also eventual gain from
selling the little cockerels. On the
other hand, if properly handled on
a large scale, the price for raising
would be 80 cents or less. The
difference goes to the “raising”
farmer for his work. In other
words, the egg farmer pays one
dollar for his chicken ready to lay
and leaves the care of the -baby
chicks to the “raising” farmer. The
“raising” farmer makes about 20
cents for every chick which he
successfully raises to laying con¬
dition, and relieves the egg farmer
of the risk during that precarious
period.

This, therefore, would provide for
a fair division of labor and of profits.
The egg farmer who owns 2,000 lay¬
ing chickens makes about one dollar
per chicken per year or $2,000. He
can, however, have much more than
2,000 chickens and increase his
profits correspondingly since he has
much more time to spare. Even
with 3,000 laying chickens he would
have less work than with 2,000 under
the old arrangement. The ‘raising”
farmer would make about 20 cents
per raised chicken, or, if we assume
that he can attend 10,000 success¬
fully raised chickens, he would make
a profit of not less than $2,000. How¬
ever, he could easily raise broilers
during the time when he is not
busy and thus improve his living
standard.

Another advantage is the greater
freedom for the newcomer in the
choice of location. The “raising”
farmer would choose his site mainly
in regard to soil, elevation, vegeta¬
tion and drainage, while the egg
farmer would have to consider the
marketing possibilities, transporta¬
tion, and highways. Though, qf
- course, both types of poultry farmers
would choose their places consider¬
ing community life, electricity rates.

Ito RURAL NEW-YORKER

287

attractiveness, etc., the first men¬
tioned characteristics would probably
be of greater weight in determining
the final location. This means that
the “raising” farmer who needs a
large acreage but no egg market
could have his place far away from
the city, where land is cheap. The
egg farmer who needs but a few
acres but wants to have the most
favorable marketing possibilities
could choose his site in a more ex¬
pensive strip of land, preferably
closer to the city. Considering the
type of farmer less frequently met
with, that is to say, the one who
keeps his hens in cages, it is clear
that he would also benefit from the
proposed regulation and separation
of sites since he could move his con¬
centrated egg factory directly into
the outskirts of the city.

The newcomer in the egg farming
business would have another advan¬
tage. He would no longer have to
wait six months before the first eggs
and the first dollars come in. He
would no longer have to add to the
initial installment costs his and his
family’s living expenses for those
first six months. He could start
immediately, buy his hens ready to
lay and sell his eggs.

Advantageous both to the oldtimer
and the newcomer the proposed plan
would undoubtedly result in finan¬
cial gain through additional economy
in acreage, equipment and time.

Egon Winter

Poultry and Egg Production

Total egg production for the en¬
tire country during February was
3,281,000,000 eggs or 9,114,000 cases.
The number of layers on farms was
3 per cent below last year and 2 per
cent below average, but the rate of
lay, 10,33 eggs per bird, set a new
high record and was enough to off¬
set the decrease in the number of
layers. Chickens were about 15 per
cent higher and turkeys 8 per cent
higher than a year ago.

Cold storage stocks of eggs on
March 1, including the shell equiva¬
lent of frozen eggs, were 36 per cent
larger than a year ago, but 2 per
cent below the 5-year (1936-40)
average. Holdings of commercial
shell eggs on March 1 were 282,000
cases, compared with 81,000 cases a
year ago. Holdings of frozen eggs
on March I were 18 per cent larger
than a year earlier.

Total poultry stocks on March 1
were 13 per cent larger than a year
ago. Turkey stocks, which amounted
to 36 per cent of all frozen poultry,
were 7 per cent smaller than a
year earlier; stocks of broilers were
2 per cent smaller; but stocks of

fowls (hens) were 43 per cent larger.

The reports on hatchings of turkey
poults indicate that the season has
been slow in getting started. Sixty-
one plants reported hatching 40 per
cent fewer poults than in February
last year. The number of eggs set
in February, however, was only 9
per cent less and the number of
poults booked March 1 for later de¬
livery only 3 per cent less. For the
country as a whole, the intentions
report indicated a 3 per cent de¬
crease in the number of turkeys to
be raised this year, compared with
last year.

Help on Poultry Problems

Disease Diagnosis

We are constantly receiving re¬
quests to assist in solving disease
problems. It would be very helpful
if our readers desiring aid along
this line would be careful to give
among other information the follow¬
ing: (1) Age of birds. (2) Rearing
and management conditions. (3)
Method of feeding. (4) Age at which
birds first show symptoms of disease
trouble. (5) Symptoms of affected
birds. Post mortem appearance if
birds have been opened. (6) Number
of birds dying and total number in
pen or flock. (7) Rate of mortality,
i.e, one every few days, or several
daily. (8) In the case of baby chicks,
give rate of mortality for the first
10 days, as well as later. (9) Type
of litter used. (10) Any other helpful
information.

Feeding Problems

In many cases incomplete infor¬
mation is furnished when aid is
requested in helping to solve prob¬
lems of production, or non-produc¬
tion, as the case may be. It would
be very helpful if as much as possi¬
ble of the following information
could be furnished: (1) Age of birds.

(2) Methods of feeding and rearing.

(3) Disease troubles experienced
during the growing and rearing sea¬
son, as well as troubles in the laying
house. (4) Rate of production, and
length of time in heavy production.
(5) If in decline — how long? (6)
Changes, if any, in feeding manage¬
ment or length of day (where lights
are used). (7) Outbreaks of coryza,
bronchitis, colds, tracheitis or fowl
pox. (8) Supplementary feeds, if any,
giving amounts fed per 100 birds
daily, and how long they have been
used. (9) Total size of flock and
average percent mortality during the
past year for (a) chicks, (b) adult
birds. (10) Any additional infor¬
mation that might be helpful.

T. B. Charles

Pastoral Parson and His Country Folks

Good Work. — The Parson was up
at Templeton, Mass., the other day,
and they do seem to be working out
the village social and religious prob¬
lems there. The two Protestant
churches have federated. This Union
church has a fellowship supper every
month — just a “hat” passed around
at the tables. Even at this, they came
out with a substantial sum for the
church treasury at the end of the
year. There were 178 who sat at the
tables with the Parson. With such
a supper the children can come.
After the supper we all went up
into the church auditorium where
the Parson had a perfectly glorious
“visit” with them for an hour and
a half. A good many “outsiders”
came to the upstairs gathering. For
a nominal sum, this community is
taking over the now unused school
building for a community center,
where all sorts of village activities
will be housed.

Hard to Change. — The Parson was
up in Boston the other day. You
know how Boston is noted for its
brains and its beans, but it looks as
though the beans were getting the
better of it. However, they are still
somewhat given to learning as these
same beans have to take a course in
“browning.” He stayed with a very
fine young minister but who it seems
came near not getting the call to that
place. The committee that had
practically decided to call him said
they would go down and hear him
preach once more. Now it happened
that he was preaching where their
were a lot of Summer students and

it was terribly hot and he had the
ladies serve iced tea on the church
lawn after the morning service. More
than 100 away-from-home students
stayed and got acquainted and
cheered and cooled off a bit. But,
that’s it, but, wasn’t that a new
strange thing to do. The committee
went back with very serious mis¬
givings and came within an ace of
deciding against one who would do
such things. But many are coming
to the point of having a humane
church. The Parson knows of another
place where all who wish are invited
to the rectory after the morning
service for a social half hour and a
bite to eat. The Cathedral in Hart¬
ford serves refreshments after every
afternoon service.

Caught Napping. — Yes the tele¬
phone up by the bed is a good thing
and I would not have it removed
for the world for in more than 100
square miles everybody knows there
is a place where they can telephone
anytime of day or night in regard
to any trouble or need. But when
the Parson is trying to take a nap
after dinner as he often does — being
out speaking practically every night
in the week, he no sooner doses off
than this bedside telephone gets busy.
So today we had a switch put on for
$1.50 so that he can turn the thing
off when he wants to. He may have
a plug-in telephone with an open¬
ing by the fireplace in the room off
the kitchen so that it won’t keep him
jumping up and running across two
rooms to answer when he gets nicely
toasting his shins in front of the
open fire. George B. Gilbert

MODERN
FARM WAGONS

Most useful wagons you can
buy. Handle every hauling
job. Modern all-metal con¬
struction. Steel Wheeled
Model with tough, hot-
formed wheel rims. Air-
Tired Model furnished when
desired without tires and
tubes so owner can use old
auto tires at a big saving
in cost.

HAY quality is determined in the wind¬
row. NEW IDEA Rakes are scientifically
designed to protect the protein, rich leaves
and preserve the desirable color which
carries valuable vitamins. The yielding spiral
reel sweeps clean without skipping, bouncing
or digging. The unique double-curved teeth
turn cuttings end-for-end and air float them
into a tall fluffy windrow with leaves towards
the inside. Curing time is shortened; exces¬
sive bleaching prevented. When reversed for
tedding, this fast working light draft machine
gently aerates the matted swath without
violent shattering action. Your dealer will
gladly demonstrate NEW IDEA Rakes,
Mowers and Loaders — built to give you
better hay at lower cost. Write today for free
descriptive folders.

New Idea, i™.

Factories: Coldwater, Ohio

GREATEST

SILO EVER INVENTED

Wood

Staves

Silafelt

Crainelox

Binding

The tightest — strongest — best insulated wood silo
Construction known.

CRAINE TRIPLE - WALL

Three walls bound together into a tower of strength
that saves time, work, repair expense. Silafelt Lining
insulates, gives added warmth — which means better
silage. Crainelox Spiral Binding gives permanent extra
strength to silo. And you have your choice of the
Craine Bail Hinge Wood Frame Door Front, or the
new “24-Square” Cast-Iron Door Frame System —
non-warping, tight. This is the strongest door front
ever devised, yet it’s safer and easier to operate — a
new development by Craine engineers.

Send for FREE FOLDER “ ' Describes this great
silo in detail. Also, ask for present low factory prices.

CRAINE, INC. 431 Taft Street, Norwich, N.Y.

CRAINE "r.:r SILOS

AT THE WORLD'S
FAIREST PRICES

Forty Years a Country Preacher

A New Book By

REY. GEO. B. GILBERT

“The Pastoral Parson”

PRICE $2.75 POSTPAID

2% Sale* Tax additional for New York City residents.

Fill out the coupon below and send for it today !

R U RAL NEW-YORKER, 333 West 30th Street, New York City

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Enclosed find $2.75 for which please send me a copy of the new book
“Forty Years a Country Preacher.”

St., or R. F. D. .....................................

Town . . State.

Name

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you'll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

288

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 19, 1941

„ and

, SEXED PULLETS

Leghorns - /Vew Hampshires
Rocks - Reds - Crossbreds
Hatched from Pullorum Clean Breeders

Guarantee Protects You. Early Order Discount.
Write for Catalog and Prices.

TAYLOR’S HATCHERY, Bos R. LIBERTY, N. Y.

Stuck* s Quality Chicks

100% live delivery. 100-Str. 100-Pits. 100-Ckls.

Large Type W. Leg . $6.50 $3.00 $1-50

N. H. Red Special . 9.00 3.00 7.00

liar. & Wh. Rocks . 7.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00

Postpaid. Cash or C.O.D. All Breeders Bloodtested.
Hatches Mon. & Thurs. Write for Free Cat. giving
full details of our Breeders and Hatchery. Elec, hatched.
4 wks. old Leg. Pits. 25c ea. Shipped Express Collect.

STUCK’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY.

H. N. Stuck, Prop.. Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

SPADE’S QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Monday & Thursday Non-Sex. Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% Guaranteed 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. W. Leghorns . $6.50 $ 3.00 $1.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 10.00 6.50

All Free Range B. W. D. Bloodtested Breeders. 100%
live delivery Post Paid. Order from ad or write
for FREE Catalog. J. S. SPADE POULTRY FARM,
Box R. McAlisterville, Penna.

OF QUA LUX-CASH Ok C. 0. D
^(tmmoiK BLoomnti

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R.I. Reds . 6.50 8.50 5.00

Mixed $5; H. Mixed $5.50-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R. MeALISTERVILLE. PA.

** * 'thoB O-BRED CHICKS

CHICKS FROM 200-324 EGG PEDIGREE

Sires. Same bloodlines as our 1940 Contest Winners,
which hold 11 World Official Records. Pullorum Tested.
From 24-28 oz. eggs. Leghorns, Rocks, Hampshires,
Reds. Minorcas, Wyandottes, Giants, Orpingtons, Rock-
Red Cross, Ducklings. Free Catalog. New bulletin:
“How to brood chicks right.”

Schwegler’s Hatchery, 207 Northampton, Buffalo. N. Y.

PARKS »

World’s Oldest Laying Strain Laid their

1 way into popularity. Will win your ad¬
miration too. Officially bloodtested. R. >

O.P. State Supv. and Progeny tested. I
Eggs-Chicks-Toung & Old Stock — Priced Right. Cat.
Free. JOE PARKS & SONS, ALTOONA. PA.

The Premier strain of
a great dual-purpose
breed. Heavy layers—
______ ___,,_ wonderful for meat.

■ BURRED flOCHS £? ’£&. 'Vf.V’S

* .Pullorum Clean Breeders. Sexed Baby Pullets

and Cockerels. CHAMBERLIN POULTRY FARMS

R. F. D. 6. West Brattleboro, Vermont

Chamberlin

■yifewsra WJLTK FA«M5,

f/ McLoughlin Leghorn Chicks

X-B6AUTV7

%% '

Progeny-test bred. 7-time New York
v'A\]fy> R.O.P. champions with average produc-
Ag tion records of 257, 253, 256, 258, 266,
W 261 and 262 eggs. U. S. Pullorum
V Clean. Free catalogue.

McLoughlin Leghorn Farm, Chatham Center, N. Y.

DR. ROMIG’S p teVtei»m CHICKS

Bar. or Wh. Rocks, Wh. Leghorns $7; New Hamp. $7.50:
Red-Rock Cross $8; W. Giants $9; Lt. Brahmas $9.50:
H. M. $6; W. Leg. Pits. $13; W. L. Ckls. $1.50. 100%
live arrival Post Paid. Circular. DR. F. C. ROMIG,

Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania

Pilch’s Sex-Linked Pullets

Up to 5,000 pullet chicks per order. Cheterosis quality
direct from our 10,000 Bird Pullorum Clean Breeding
Farm. Circular. Feeding Hills, Massachusetts.

TRUSLOW CHICKS

$3180 made last year,”W. H. EVERETT, “Made
$361 from 100 hens ’’says L.G.C., Rochester, N.Y.
Write for FREE Catalog on Leghorns, New
Hampshires and Barred Rocks. Special matings,
sexed chicks . . . chicks you can afford. Write
today. Literature and list price free TRUSLOW
POU LTRY FARM , Box 1 02 , CHESTERTO WN , M D.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses: Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

C„ J_L_1|’ Blood-tested Quality Chicks: Poults. Eggs
UUUMIall !> direct. New Hampshires ; Crosses : (Leghorns-
Old-hen). Quality poults. Prices right. Guaranteed.

GODSHALL’S POULTRY FARM, SOUDERTON, PA.

BOLTON’S GUARANTEED CHICKS

I Four leading breeds all from blood-tested breeders. I
They’ll please you. Write today for free circular. 1

R. C. BOLTON FARMS, SCHOENECK, PENNA. I

WAI PIT thousands weekly. Nine

YY fiLV/IL L.I11LIVQ leading Breeds, every bird selected
and Blood Tested. R. O. P. males. Quality Chicks
reasonably priced, described In our FREE CATALOG.

L. R. Walck Hatcheries, Box R. Greencastle. Penna.

WHITF IfTMpC FOR SALE — Money-raising squabs
if (111 Li Iilll Uj produced from good foundation stock.
Mated pairs. For information and prices write —

A. MERTON. MENDHAM, NEW JERSEY

Important to Advertisers

Copy and instructions for clas¬
sified advertisements must reach us
on Thursday morning in order to
insure insertion in following week’s
paper. Change of copy or notice
to discontinue advertisement should ?
reach us on Monday morning in 5
order to prevent advertisement ap¬
pearing in following week’s paper.

From Large Size,
heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks
from Blood - Tested
healthy vigorous selected stock.
Straight Run $9 per 100; $26 per 300;
$43 per 500; $85 per 1000. Sexed pul¬
lets $18 per 100; $160 per 1000.

Cockerels $1.50 per 100.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Box R, Kleinfeltersville, Penna.

WHITIkOCK

1 MAY

z CHICKS.... Ill*

EGGS FOR

j HATCHING.../©.

PER (

IOO V,

PER

IOO

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOD-
MAN’S BOCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
FREE circular.

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

DEPT. F

ROCKLAND

MASS.

JOSEPH

TOLMAH

n‘ KAUDER sir.

Pedigreed White Leghorns
and New Hampshires

WORLD RECORDS FOR LIVABILITY AND
PRODUCTION

Kauder Leghorns hold first and third, all
breeds, for highest average production all
birds entered in contests ; also first and fifth,
all breeds, for highest average livability, all
birds entered. Those are the most im-
k portant records for you to consider. Free j
52-page catalog. Jk

SI IRVING KAUDER

Cs&^ciMt/rycff/CKS

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

White Rocks . . . 7.00 9.00 6.00

R. Ply. Rocks & B. I. Reds .... 7.00 9.00 6.00

New Hampshire Beds . 7.50 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 8.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Antigen Method.
We pay all postage. Sexing guar. 95% on all Pullet
Chicks. Order direct from ad. or write for FREE
Catalog. Cash or C.O.D. . R. W. ELSASSER
POULTRY FARM, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

CLEMENTSSr*,

H ■ mm mm mm CLEM- cross Wf f ftR*? »

■■ I ■ H IK sex-linked baby ^

IHWH am pullets areP
reaching wide popularity becausel/V
of their profit-abilities. So are|v
Clements' Reds, Barred & White|

Rocks and Clem -Rock cross chicks. Bred
right. Maine - U. S. Pullorum Clean. Catalog
tells about cooperative savings plan. Write today.

CLEMENTS BROS. FARMS,

Box 25, Winterport, Maine

FOSSELMAN’S CHICKS

Sexing Guar. 95% accurate. Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.
Cash or C.O.D. Postpaid. per 100 100 100

Large Eng. White Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. X. Reds.... 6.50 10.00 6.00

New Hampshire Reds . 7.50 11.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.75 8.00 5.00

Breeders Blood-tested. Order Direct. FREE Circular.
COUNTRY HATCHERY, Box 97, McAlisterville, Pa.

Progeny Tested Leghorns

Trapnested. pedigreed, pullorum clean. ALL OLD HEN
BREEDERS. Day old chicks, day old pullets. 4 weeks
pullets. Lowest prices in 25 years. Free catalog.

WILLOW BROOK POULTRY FARM
Allen H. Bulkley & Son. • Odessa, New York

TOM BARRON CHICKS

We import direct from Tom Barron in Eng¬
land. Large Hens Mated with R.O.P. Males.
Every Breeder Bloodtested, Prices Straight Run $6.50-
100; 95% Pullets $13-100; Cockerels $2-100. 1m. del.
Cir. Free. North Side Poultry Farm, Box R, Richfield, Pa.

MOTTLED ANCONA CHICKS

The greatest laying breed (that takes less Feed) of
chalk White eggs. Bloodtested. Write for CATALOG
and Full Details and get started on the road to real
Poultry Profit. Anoonas will do it for you. Sexed if
desired. SHRAWDER’S POULTRY FARM, Box R,
RICHFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA

MORRIS FARM CHICKS

HEADQUARTERS: Oldest American Breeder of
TOM BARRON — 5 to 7 LB. -LEGHORNS, 35
years. Greatest layers of all breeds on less feed.
REDS, ROCKS, NEW HAMPSHIRES, CROSSES.

Morris Farm, Catalog, Box R. Bridgeport, Conn.

SttWKX.

CHICKS

8SE8 s”5iS a Hanson & Pa. R.O.P.
— Bus,- — -«» s*3" a Foundation Leghorns,
»«*« 1 250 to 300 egg record

matings, BWD Tested.
100% live Arrival postpaid. Unsexed Pits. Ckls.
Pullets Guar. 95% 100 100 100

ENGLISH LEGHORNS . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

N. H. or R. I. REDS . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 8.00 5.00

Cat. of Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write.
Shadel Poultry Farm, Rt, 5, _ McAlisterville, Pa.

rm 6/0 ZNC. leCHOKrt

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets <

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$6.00 $12.00 $
Bar. & W. Box, B. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 1

H. Mixed $5.50: Leg. Mixed $5-100. CATALOG FR
Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville,

Various Egg Auctions

West Paterson, N. J.

White Eggs — Prices April 4, 1941

Jumbo .

. .$0.34

@ $0.31

Large .

. . .32

.28 V2

Medium .

.. .28

.26

Pullet .

. . .28

.23

Pewee .

. . .24

.21

Brown Eggs —
Jumbo .

. . .31

.28i/2

Large .

.. .29 Vz

.261/2

Medium . . . .

. . .26

.231/4

Pullet .

.. .221/2

.191/2

Pewee .

. . .21

.21

Total cases sold 574

Bethlehem, Pa.

White Eggs — Prices April 4, 1941

Fancy Large .

.$0.31

@ $0.28

Fancy Medium . . .

. .281/2

.27

Extras Large .

. .331/4

.271/2

Extras Medium . . .

. .30

.25%

Standard Large . .

. .28

.24

Standard Medium

. .261/2

.23

Producers’ Large .

. .281/4

.25%

Producers’ Medium

. .26

.23

Pullets .

. .251/2

.22

Peewees .

. .181/4

Jumbos .

. .481/2

.37

Crax .

. .2IV2

• 181/2

Brown Eggs —

Fancy Large .

• .271/2

.26

Fancy Medium .-. .

. .261/4

.231/4

Extras Large .

. .27

.26

Extras Medium . . .

. .251/4

.24%

Jumbos .

. .361/4

.36

Standard Medium

. .233/4

Pullets .

. .243/4

•23%

Peewees .

. .211/4

.21

Standard Large . .

. .261/4

Total cases sold 469.

Worcester, Pa.

White Eggs — Prices

April 3,

1941.

Fancy Large .

.32

.28 1/2

Fancy Medium ....

.26

.251/2

Extra Large .

.30

.27%

Extra Medium ....

•261/2

.251/2

Standard Large . . .

.26

.251/2

Standard Medium . .

.251/2

.25

Producers’ Large . .

•281/2

.26

Producers’ Medium.

.26

.241/2

Pullets .

.221/2

.21

Peewees .

.I61/2

.161/2

Brown Eggs —

Fancy Large .

.28

.27i/o

Fancy Medium ....

.24%

.23

Extra Large .

.30

.26

Extra Medium .

.251/2

.231/2

Pullets .

.201/2

.20

Peewees .

.17

Jumbos .

.34

Total cases sold 570.

Storrs Egg Contest

Carried on at the Connecticut
Agricultural College at Storrs, Conn.,
for the week ending March 31, 1941.

The leading pens are:

New Hampshires Points Eggs

James H. Horne . 1836 1720

Joachim Breeding Farm. . 1641 1518
White Rocks

Albert C. Lawton . 1654 1687

Carter-Dunham . 1481 1422

Barred Rocks

Dryden Pity Bdg. Farm.. 1785 1737

Angus J. Urquhart . 1785 1717

David T. Cohen . 1680 1664

White Leghorns

J. A. Hanson . 2247 2127

J. A. Hanson . 1985 1906

Kauder’s Pdg. Leghorns.. 1765 1705

W. A. Seidel . 1763 1668

Rhode Island Reds

L. D. Bartholomew . 2082 1956

Harco Orch. & Pity. Farm 1980 1874
Roberts Poultry Farm. . . . 1951 1820
G. G. Treadwell ........ 1946 1863

J. J. Warren . 1931 1865

Pennsylvania Egg Contest

Carried on at Harrisburg, Pa.

Re-

port for week ending March 31,

1941.

Ten high pens to date:

Points Eggs

RIR — Crooks Farm ....

1939

1849

RIR — G. B. Treadwell . .

1928

1853

SCWL— Burr’s Pty. Fm. .

1918

1899

SCWL— J. A. Hanson . .

1856

1795

BPR — David T. Cohen . .

1844

1745

RIR — E. B. Parmenter .

1832

1737

RIR — C. T. Avery & Son

1831

1777

SCWL— Guy A. Leader.

1823

1738

SCWL — Fuzzydele Farms

.1771

1726

RIR — J. J. Warren ....

1761

1764

High Pens for week ending March 31.

SCWL— J. A. Hanson . .

SCWL — Guy A. Leader.

SCWL— Fuzzydele F’ms.

RIR — G. B. Treadwell . .

SCWL — Burr’s Pty. Fm. .

BPR— E. V. Stanley -

74-

tIR — C. T. Avery & Son.

SCWL — Creighton Bros.

SCWL — Pay Streak Hch.

RIR — Crooks Farm ....

RUMMER

PRICES DOWN

CHICK5 and PULLETS

Sexed Day-Old Pullets, Males and straight
run chicks. Popular Breeds, produced by
Busk's Famous 7-Point Breeding Program/* 18th Con¬
secutive Year Blood Testing. Per 100: Heavy Assorted
$5.35; Leghorn Pullets $11.85; Surplus White Leghorn
CockereIs‘$2.75 Prepaid. Literature Free. "*•

RUSK FARM, Dept1042-D, WINDSOR, MISSOURI

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland’s Bronze Turkey Belt
Liberal DISCOUNT on early ORDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

BIG BREASTED TURKEYS

5,000 Weekly. Bronze, Black, White and Red. Special
breeding stock. Guar. Poults. Correctly hatched. Prompt
delivery. Low prices NOW. Write to —

S. W. KUNE, BOX 7. MIDDLECREEK, PA.

5000 HARDY BRONZE POULTS WEEKLY

From Bloodtested stock. Baby Beef Type. Livability
Quick maturing! Special discounts for early bookings.

HIGHLAND FARM - Sellersville, Pennsylvania

Sure-Profit POULTS

Leading Varieties !
High Quality ! I

„ . , ^ Low Cost ! I I

Catalog Free. liOSEDAIE POULTRY FARM, Quakertown. Pn.

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS

SEIDELTON FARMS, WASH INGTON VILLE, PA.

m , LP/lu"26 t3 ,,e Turkey. r>rom pt delivery'

Bloodtested. SUNNY ACRES. SEELYVILLE, PENNA.

Bronze. Bourbon Red. (Royal Palm) Black Turkeys
eggs. Poults. Elsie Hailock, Washington Depot, Conn.

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKLINGS &aDeu7eerlel

LAKEVIEW POULTRY FARM, Box R, Barker, N. \ .

T. 7 r P|kins’ 6 lbs” 10 "'eeks- h0'v Prices
Prompt Delivery. F, W. MOTT, Eastport, Long Island.

Dlirklinff^ Mammoth Pekins $14 hundred. Runners
DULltllllgb $13. Harry Burnham, N. Collins, N. Y.

BARRON i
LEGHORN I

CHICKS*

From high record trapnested.
bloodtested stock ; imported
and bred this strain for 26
years. Sexed or unsexed
chicks. Free circular.

DAVID M. HAMMOND,
Rt. 4, Cortland. N. Y.

QUALITY CHICKS

Utility Leghorns and Heavy Assorted . $6.00

A. A. GRADE LEGHORNS . 6.50

N. H„ R. I. Reds, Barred and Wh. Rocks. . . . 6.50

A. A. SEXED LEGHORN PULLETS . 11.50

Heavy Pullets . 8.50

Leghorn Ckls. $1.50-100; Heavy Cockerels . 5.00

Plum Creek Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Sunbury, Pa.

BIG CHICK BARGAINS

White & Black Giants. Lt. Brahmas. $*9.95

N. H. Reds. White Sc Barred Rocks . m ~gR

Dark Cornish 12c ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 m too
100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage C.O.D. 100%
Alive. EWING’S HATCHERY, BOX 2, McCLURE, PA.

- MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Barred & W. Rocks, W. Leghorns $7-100: New Hamp¬
shires $7.50; Rock-Red Cross $8; W. Giants $9; Leg¬
horn Pullets $13; Leg. Ckls. $2.50; H. Mixed $5.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

LONG’S uSHKS, CHICKS

Tested. Culled. Circular describing High Grade
Breed mailed Free. Price List included.

LONG’S CHICK FARM, Box R, Millerstown, Pa.

HAMPTON’S BLACK LEGHORN CHICKS

Live, Lay, Pay, Healthy, Hardy, Heavy Layers of Large
White Eggs. Free of disease and cannibalism. Circular

free. A. E. HAMPTON. Box R, PITTSTOWN, N. J.

PHI I type English Leghorns 4 weeks old

I ULLIj 1 ,J25c. Live arrival guaranteed. Blood tested.

SMITH’S POULTRY FARM, ELYRIA, OHIO

n ft I p V Q New Hampshires, Barred Rocks, White
11 1 v, Iv O Leghorns, $5.75-100. C.O.I). shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Guinea Chicks — day-old. Any quantity. Weekly ship¬
ments. DREXEL TURKEY FARM, Drexel Hill, Pa.

RINGNECK PHEASANT HATCHING EGGS
$8.00 per IOO. Lakoview Gams Farm, Athol, Mass.

THE GARDEN
ENCYCLOPEDIA

(Complete in One Volume)

1348 Pages - 750 Illustrations
Including 250 Photographs

Written by a Group of Horticul¬
tural Experts

FOR SALE BY

RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street, New York

A single big volume, more com¬
plete, more detailed, more under¬
standable, more usable than any
other garden book.

Covers every problem in plant¬
ing, planning and caring for your
garden. How to protect your
plants from pests and diseases, and
what fertilizer to use.

PRICE $3.00

(New York City residents, add
2% sales tax )

EDITED BY

E. L. D. SEYMOUR, B. S. A.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

289

REDBI RD

World’s Largest Breeding Farm

90,000 PULLORUM-TESTED BREEDERS
All Maintained on Our Own Farm

First Farm to Guarantee 98% Livability 1st 4
Weeks, on Champion, Grade A and Grade B
Matings, and to maintain that Guarantee 12 years
(now in Its 13th year). Customers report 3-lb.
Broilers at 10 weeks, and 50% Production 24-oz.
Eggs from 6-month Pullets.

LAY 50% AT 5*4 MONTHS

The 600 Bay-Old Chicks we purchased
from you last fall started to lay at 4 mo.,
19 days, and reached 50% one month later.
We also purchased 500 New Hampshire
Reds from a well-known breeder which
made a poor showing in laying against
your R. I. Reds.

WM. WAGNER

Feb. 19, 1941 Hoosick Falls, N. T.

RHODE ISLAND REDS WHITE LEGHORNS
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS
ROCK-RED CROSS RED-ROCK COSS

(Barred Broilers) (Sex Linked)

Sexing Service: Pullets or Cockerels to order, all
matings warranted 95% accurate. Lowest Prices
in REDBI RD History. To Step Up Your Pro¬
duction for Heavy Selling and Handsome Profits.

WRITE TODAY for Catalog, with Price List

REDBIRD FARM

Route 7 Wrentham, Mass.

A small ad with
a big message! The
full message of facts
and figures, with a wealth
of common sense poultry information,
awaits you in our new 1941 free cata¬
log. A breeding farm pullorum free.

ROBERT C. COBB, Old Pickard Farm

350 Great Road Concord, Mass.

“old PULLETS

from the CHAMPION BREEDER U.S.
1940 Egg Laying Contests for Highest
Number Pens and Hens Winning First
Place by Breed. Also Winner Livability
Award over all breeders 1938U.S. Con¬
tests. Sexed, day-old or , low AS
started pullets. Males, d

too. Low Summer Prices, 24-hr. service, many
popular varieties. 28 yrs. breeding program, T1 PER 100

including blood-testing, trapnesting, pedigreeing. Catalog Free.

LINDSTROM Hatchery & Poultry Farm, 51 1 Lindstrom Rd., Clinton, Mo.

IUII

II |l Wh. Leghorns & Bar. Bocks . $6.50-100

iSi 151 Wh. Leg. Pits. $13-100 Ckls . 3.00-100

Wh. Bocks, N. H. & B. I. Reds . 7.00-100

S. L. Wy. . Bl. & Wh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas 8.00-100

Bed-Rock Cross. .. $7-100; Heavy Mixed.... 5.95-100
All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Hatches Mon.
and Thur. Postage Paid. Cash or C.O.D. 100% live
delivery. Order from ad. or write for catalog.
HERBSTER’S HATCHERY, Box R, McCLURE, PA.

Ul 100% del. Cash or C.O.D. Free Cir. Hanson or
English Sexed Leghorn 100 500 1000

Pullets (95% guaranteed) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Hanson or English Wh. Leghorns.. 6.00 30.00 60

Barred & Wh. Rocks & Beds . 7.00 35.00 70

Breeders Blood Tested. H. Mix $6: Leg. Ckls. $1.80.
NIEMOND’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY,
Norman Niemond, Box R, McAlisterville, Penna.

R I DGEVIEW chicks

From Bloodtested Breeders. 100% live delivery guar.
LARGE TYPE TOM Non Sex Pullets Cockerels
BARRON OR HANSON per 100 per 100 per 100
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS. . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

Postpaid. FREE CIR. Pullets Guar. 95% accurate.
RIDGEVIEW HATCHERY, Box R, RICHFIELD. PA.

STARTED ,Si;S;N PULLETS

Large Eng. & Hollywood, 2 to 8 wks. old. Special
prices on orders 2 to 3 wks. in advance. Write:

Pellman’s Poultry Farm, Box B, Richfield, Penna.

INTERNATIONAL
Poultry Guide

for

FLOCK SELECTION

Profs.L.T .Payne Ji.M.Scolt

• HOW TO GET: Better hatching eggs — Better
baby chicks — Less losses on producing hens
—Earlier feathering strains.

• HOW TO PREVENT: Small eggs-
Crooked breasts — Bare backed
broilers, etc., etc.

• DESCRIBES: All important
breeds — How to select pro¬
duction flocks — How an egg is
formed, etc., etc.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th St., New York City

'llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a "square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. :

III 11 III II INI IIIMIIIIII llllDIIIIIIItlllllllllllH

Experience with R. I. Reds

The Rhode Island Red is one of
fhe oldest breeds of purebred chick¬
ens in the United States. Even before
the American Revolution the Reds
were common in “Little Rhodie” and
in the southeast section of Massa¬
chusetts. A new interest has been
revived in the breed however, that
seems likely to become permanent.

This revival of interest is due
mainly to the scientific studies made
with the breed by the Massachu¬
setts Experiment Station and to the
practical work done by breeders,
running through quite a period of
years. Several large breeders have
developed strains of Reds showing
High r production and good vigor.
For several years I have kept a small
flock of Reds, from a breeder, who
been improving the breed for 45
years. He has developed a strain of
high egg producers with eggs of
good size mostly of dark brown
color, and at the same time has
built up birds of vigor and hardi¬
ness by keeping them under large
range farm conditions.

In 1913 the Massachusetts Station
began breeding a well known
strain of exhibition stock of Rhode
Island Reds, and is still following up
a very valuable line of studies with
the breed. The first records were
published in 1916 and the last in
1937. The first years’ records showed
an annual average production of 133
eggs, winch is a little below the
average for commercial flocks. In
five years the production was in¬
creased to 199 eggs.

From 1922 to 1937 the average
annual production varied from 199
fo 234 eggs. The records were made
with mostly large flocks varying
(with the exception of two years)
from 330 to 360 birds. The long
period of years through which the
experiments have been carried and
the large number of birds under test,
makes the records of especial value.
The breeding plan has followed the
laws of genetics. After a period of
years it was found that the charac¬
ters most important in breeding
fowls for egg production were “early
maturity, high intensity, no winter
pause, non-broodiness and high per¬
sistency.” During the last six years
that records are available the biggest
change in the stock seems to be the
reduction in losses from disease.
During the first three years of this
six-year period, the losses amounted
to an average of 41 per cent of the
number housed in the Fall, while
during the second period of three
years the losses were only 12 per
cent. This reduction in losses was
due to increased vigor and good
management and not in any way to
disease treatment. The fowls were
kept mainly in large flocks, mostly
consisting of 250 birds. No artificial
lights were used in the pens, while
the care and management were the
same as is common in many com¬
mercial flocks. Great care was taken
however to breed only from vigorous
birds.

There is a growing tendency in
many sections to get away from the
light, single purpose breeds. This is
especially true on farms near the
smaller markets, where little at¬
tention is paid to shell color and
where a medium heavy fowl sells
as meat. At present the best laying
strains of R. I. Reds consist of birds
weighing four to five pounds for
hens and seven to nine pounds for
mature males. C. S. Phelps

Damp Henhouse

My henhouse 20x40 feet built of
wood and also has a wooden floor is
divided in two parts. The front has
a curtain in each half which slides
up and down for ventilation, this
faces the south. The trouble I have
is that the litter gets wet. k. w.

Maryland

The trouble with your henhouse is
lack of ventilation. The way to pro¬
vide ventilation is to have three sides
tight and one side open sufficiently
so that there will be an exchange of
air between the outside and inside.
This plan is really better than any
type of roof ventilator because it
does away with all drafts. The matter
is something that will have to be
studied out, considering the house
and the circumstances. Of course,
it is necessary to make sure that the
place is not drafty.

“'R.0.P

' PENNSYLVANIA '
i DEPARTMENTS)
X AGRICULTURE 7

S <“ MORE EGGS

from

PENNSYLVANIA
FARMS

LOW PRICES for
REAL PROFIT-MAKERS

Now we can offer R. O. P. sired chicks
not only in our big type White Leg¬
horns but also in our dual-purpose
breeds: New Hampshires. White and
Barred Bocks, Bhode Island Beds,
and White Wyandottes. This is the
greatest value in our 12 -year-old

From PEDIGREE BRED,
Progeny-Tested Bloodlines

poultry improvement program — the Sires' dams records 200 to 310 eggs; flock
largest in the state — all under Penna. averages up to 244.5 eggs per year: egg
Dept, of Agriculture supervision. weight 26.34 oz. : body weights to 6.84 lbs.

Write Today for Big Spring-Summer Price Reductions

SEXED DAY-OLD PULLETS AND
COCKERELS available in White Leghorns,
New Hampshires, White and Barred
Bocks, B. I. Reds and White Wyandottes.
Guaranteed 95% accurate.

PERFECTED HYBRIDS — Hamp.Rocks,
famous sex-linked egg cross, and Rock-
Hamps, fast-growing broiler cross.

LOW AS

$7 .50

per 100
“A A” Mat-
ings(NotSex-
ed) from Big
Bodied Heavy
Producers.

F REE CATALOG :Tells all
about our R.O.P. Sired
Stock & Breeding Program.
ALSO SPECIAL BREED
BULLETINS FREE . . .
Special bulletin on W. Leg¬
horns. New Hampshires,
P. Rocks and Cross-Breds.
Mention breed choice.

Pennsylvania Farms Hatchery, Inc., Box R, Lewistown, Penna.

STATE SUPERVISED-OFFICIAL BLOOD TESTED CHICKSf

Largest
State <*
Supervised
Hatchery In
Penniyivania

WOLF FARMERS' FRIEND’ CHICKS

Now you can get WOLF “Farmers’ Friend” Chicks at new low prices.
They’re from A. P. A. Registered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for
large egg production.

Order with confidence from this ad, or send for FREE GUIDEBOOK.
Only $1.00 books your order, balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

"A” “AA” "AAA”

c ,, . , . Mating Mating Mating

S. C. White Leghorns . $6.25 $7.25 $8.25

Leghorn Pullets . . . 12.50 14.50 16.50

Leghorn Cockerels . 2.00 3.00 4.00

W. and Barred Rocks, R.I Reds, and W. Wyandottes 7.00 8.00 9 00

W. and Bl. Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, W. Australorps 7.00 8.00 9ffi0

White and Black Giants . . 8.00 9 00 10 00

Assorted Heavies . 6.00 7 00

Odds - ends . 5.50 6.50

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less than 100 add 50e to the price

WOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, GIBS0NBUR6, OHIO

Highest

PENS,

All

Breeds, at

Tests

H ighest

HENS,

All

Breeds at

Tests

Highest

Red

PEN,

2-Year-Old

Tests

Highest

PENS,

1. Reds at

Tests

13 High Scoring RED PENS (1st, 2nd,
or 3rd Places)

7th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds

THEY.MAKE GOOD IN PUBLIC OR PRIVATE LIFE

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has awarded
its 1941 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to
WAKREN, in stiff competition with foremost
R.O.P. Breeders, marking the 10th Consecutive
Time. 8 State Institutions, using only WARREN
Chicks, officially reported a general laying aver¬
age of 234.1 Eggs per Hen in 1940.

Success and Profits!

234.1 Eggs per Hen, as an average for 1 Flock
or 8 Flocks, means absolute Success in the
Poultry Business, for any man or any institution,
with an assured income and substantial profits,
even when production costs are high.

Same Blood, Same Breeding, Same Results!
All WARREN RED and ROCK-RED-Cross
Chicks are of the same blood in the Red line as
WARREN'S Contest Winners, but Prices are no
higher than those of many commercial hatcheries.
Write Today for Catalog and 1941 Prices and
File Orders Early to Avoid
Disappointments.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

rCJRW-3 Bonded Against B.W.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give thi3
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE

ANDREW

Christie’s NEW HAMPSHIRE

%‘llof SPIZZERINKTUM

LARGEST DEMAND
in SPIZZERINKTUM History

Over 1 Million Chicks and 2
Million Hatching Eggs Sold in
from 40.000 Pullorum-Passed
Breeders (No Keactors) New Hamp-
ehires, Barred. Rocks & CHRIS-CROSS
Barred Hybrids. Send for Catalog
and Prices Today, and Order Early!
CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. 8. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS. NEW YORK

JWEGATEPA

REDS

QUICK DELIVERY

of family-bred R. I. Red and Barred Cross
Chicks of Guaranteed High Livability and
Early Maturity. Every pen headed by
“Measure-Bred” Males from our 26 super-
selected families: The same blood lines
as in our Special Matings.

Mass.-U.S. R.O.P. — State Tested — No Reactors
CHICKS — Straight Run, Sexed, Started
98% Livability Guaranteed First 4 Weeks
Our complete free Catalog tells the full story.
WEGATEPA FARMS, Box 9, Harvard, Mass.

WAYSIDE FARM

S. C. Rhode Island Reds, exclusively. Our chicks
have given complete satisfaction to hundreds of
customers: their repeat orders year after year
prove it. They might do as well for you. Think it over.

$8.50 Yds

Satisfaction guaranteed. Circular.

WAYSIDE FARM, J. C. Smith, Prop.

R. D. 2. Box R, Middletown, New York

PICTORIAL CATALOG

TELLS STORY of Largest RED
Breeding Farm in N. Y. Breeders
100* Pullorum Clean for 3 years.
No Reactors! Douglaston Western
N. Y. Contest averages :

13 Bird Pen — 233.3 Eggs;
20 Bird Pen — 227.1 Eggs.
(Compare with general contest
average 194 eggs.) Write for
catalog — prices. Sexed chicks
available,

DOUGLASTON MANOR FARM

R. D. 3 . Pulaski, N. Y.

NO CHANCES,
NO RISK with
these CHICKS !

Glendale Rocks. Reds, Crosses
insure profits. 8trong. healthy.
Rapid growth. Good layers. State
Tested. Prices Reasonable. Write
for calendar catalog and price details.
GLENDALE POULTRY FARM, Box R, Somerset, Mass.

PARMENTER’S

U.S. R. O. P.

World’s greatest egg layers by official figures.
Won 15 contests, best Red pen 31 contests,
1931-1940. Chicks. Eggs, males. Catalog

E. B. PARMENTERiilnifc.S,:

Reds

— TWICHELL’S NEW HAMPSHIRES —

R.O.P. — Bred for Farm Flock Profits — egg and
meat qualities, less broodiness. etc. Pullorum
clean. Free Catalog tells full story. Write.

H- S. & M. E. Twichelt, at. I, Box R, Exeter, N. H.

NEW HAMPSHIRES Famous for productions

By Gadd They’re Good! feTthenSk^ea^Sc’
and health. Pullorum Free. Write for new LOW prices
THOMAS B. GAUD, Box R, Plymouth. N.

CHICKS Parmenter Reds. Rock
old breeders. RED-W-FARM,

Red Cross. 1

WOLCOTT,

to 4 year

N. Y.

290

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

IjI V3S ZEP O UIiT - -

We specialize in Express and Truck Shipments.

T. S. Williamson & Bro. T.?.* ZZ'&ttTr:

BONDED C0MMIW0H MERCHANT*

c A I T Hay-Timothy, first and aecond
V U Jtv O A L-t m-i cutting alfalfa. Wheat straw,
delivered by truck* or car* Telephone: 9-2885.
Jame* Kelly, 137 E. leneoa Turnpike, 8yranute, N. Y,

SHIP YOUR LIVE POULTRY TO
KRAKAUR POULTRY CO.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

W/-v /■** » WANTED. Montpomery Worsted
U L Mills, Inc., Montgomery, N. Y.

STEADY WORK-GOOD PAY

Reliable man wanted to call oo farmers. No experi¬
ence or capital required. Pleasant work. Home every
night. Big Money every day. Wonderful new
proposition. Particular* free. Write McNESS CO.,
Dept. 518, - Freeport, Illinois

• Farm Light Batteries •

and rebuilt Delco light plants. Good trade-in prices.

YORK BATTERY CO., YORK, PENNSYLVANIA

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED —if

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25c.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

r ARIM ¥ ACC Seasoned, for sale at great
k/rtDIil liVuiJ bargain. Build your log
cabin now. Grand for summer camp or ail year home.
Can deliver by truck within three hundred mile radius.

KOERT BURNHAM, ESSEX. NEW YORK

\X7|| I pi JY for cash, infants hand crocheted
W ILtLt DU I sacques and three piece sets.

VAN WAGENEN SAGER Inc., SYRACUSE, N. Y.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

T-l IIIIIIIIIIIIF

The Farmer
His Own
Builder

H. ARMSTRONG ROBERTS

A practical and handy
book of all kinds of build*
ing information from con*
Crete to carpentry.

PRICE $1.50

NEW YORK CITY RESIDENTS ADD 2%
SALES TAX

For sale by

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER

| 333 West 30th Street, New York

Market Exchange

yfeu; Engl

land Notes

POULTRY PRODUCTION

603 Page Book With Index

Edited By

William Adams Lippincott
and

Leslie E. Card

Illustrated with 215 Engravings

With the Following Chapters

1. — The Breeds of Chickens. 2. —
The Structure of the Chicken and the
Foundation of the Egg. 3. — Principles
of Poultry Breeding. 4. — Selection
and Improvement. #5. — The Principles
of Incubation. 6. — The Practice of
Incubation. 7. — Brooding and Rear¬
ing. 8. — Houses and Equipment. 9. —
Principles of Poultry Nutrition. 10. —
The Feeds. 11. — The Nutrient Re¬
quirements of Poultry. 12. — Manage¬
ment Practices. 13. — Marketing
Poultry Products. 14. — The Business
of Poultry Keeping.

Price $4.00

Plus 8 Cents Sales Tax for New York
City Residents
For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th St., New York

Countryman’s Journal

That was a splendid discussion of
the one-room rural school in the
March 22 issue of the R. N.-Y. The
problem of education for country
living is one of the vital ones facing
America. Why should the children
and young people who ought to be
told and taught about country life
be weaned away to the cities? What
is wrong with giving boys and girls
an education right in the heart of
the country? A rural, one-room
school is a wholesome, natural en¬
vironment, and :t isn’t necessary to
put boys and girls into big consoli¬
dated schools to get an education.

I liked that statement of Mrs.
R. C. “As long as a rural school is
taught by a good teacher and has
the cooperation of the parents, it be¬
longs to stay right where it is; no
centralized school can accomplish
what it is doing.” We need a new
philosophy of education in this
country, and no place do we need
it more than in the country. The
Federal Government is spending
$325,000,000 for che C.C.C. this year,
and $75,000,000 for the N.Y.A.
(National Youth Administration).
That is 20 per cent of the total edu¬
cation bill of the United States which
is approximately $2,000,000,000. The
Smith-Lever Act of 1924, providing
for not more than $4,000,000 for ex¬
tension service through the 48 states,
seemed big then. In these days of
billions, four millions seems like
chicken feed.

The point is, the Federal Govern¬
ment is getting into education and
will spend its . money to help the
poorer areas. City children have a
lot because of concentration of
wealth. Education for country liv¬
ing needs to be entirely revised. We
ought to teach the fundamentals, and
then give courses in both practical
and cultural subjects that will pre¬
pare youth to be good farm citizens
tomorrow.

We are just starting to read the
1940 Year Book of the Department
of Agriculture, “Farmers in a Chang¬
ing World.” What a book it is! It
has 1,183 pages of reading! It has
six main parts, with many chapters
in each. The first three chapters of
Part One, The Farmer’s Changing
World, Old Ideas Versus New Ideas
in Farm Life, and American Agri¬
culture — The first 300 years, are ex¬
cellent, and give one a great back¬
ground. The introduction by Gove
Hambridge is worth a whole evening
in itself. There are good topics for
discussion in the Granges in these
chapters.

Most of us enjoy facts having to
do with country living. The past
two weeks I have been rereading
a book on conservation. Did you
know that when Captain John Smith
first looked over the Virginian shore
line, experts estimate there were
822,000,000 acres of virgin forest in
the United States? This was about
43 per cent of the total land area
of our country. Today there are
about 615,000,000 acres in all types
of forest lands, and each year now
the forest land area is increasing.
Our National Government now owns
157 national forests, covering 170,-
000,000 acres of the nation’s forest
lands, about 27 per cent. The states,
counties, and municipal governments
own some 13,000,000 acres. There
are about 1,800 town forests cover¬
ing 3,000,000 acres.

It would be interesting to conduct
a survey to find out how many farm¬
ers are using coal and oil for fuel

these days. Time marches on! And
so does science! Yet somehow there
is something incongruous to me .in
a family’s paying out hard-earned
dollars for outside fuel when there’s
plenty of wood right on the farm.
I wonder if a lot of farm families
couldn’t get ahead faster and use
their money more wisely if they were
willing to expend a little more
physical energy.

You know and I know certain
families that could raise a lot more
of their food right on the farm. But
instead, they open tin cans! There
are some situations where the work
is so highly specialized that a family
is probably justified in putting all
its attention on one thing. But for
the vast majority of farms, all over
the nation, it will pay in dollars and
cents and better human health, to
raise the family’s food. Cato, the
famous old Roman senator, who had
to interrupt his farming every once
in a while to lead an army for
Caesar, used to write on farming,
and a favorite bit of his philosophy
was to the effect that a farm should
entirely sustain all its livestock, two-
legged and four-legged.

Here in New England farm gardens
are growing bigger and better each
year. More pigs and beef critters
for home consumption are being
raised. Here and there one reads of
a grist mill where grains can be
ground. Our state college experts say
that a good big garden is the best
paying piece of ground on the farm.

Has any reader of the R. N.-Y.
tried high content fertilizer on straw¬
berries and raspberries? Could one
use a 8-10-12, or a 10-12-12?- We
have seen many experiments with
5-8-7, and with Catskill and Howard
17 strawberries and Taylor and
Latham raspberies, have come to the
conclusion that for both fruits you
can use 100 pounds for 100 feet of
row, put on in three or four doses
early in the growing season. We
think that raspberries should not be
fertilized after June 15, otherwise
the canes grow too late in the Fall
and are susceptible to winter-killing.

Massachusetts h. s. p.

April 19. 1941

rapidly. We shall plant some of all
three varieties this year, for in a
normal season some, or all, of the
varieties might behave differently.

iy.

Several years ago a hard Winter
killed many apple trees, some large
orchards of old trees being entirely
wiped out. Most of the young trees
survived and some orchards haye
been planted since. The orchards in
this section used to contain many old
varieties, such as Hubbardston None¬
such, Black Oxford, Pumpkin Sweet,
Garden Royal, Tolman Sweet, Straw¬
berry and dozens of others. The
freeze killed most of these old trees
.and now it is hard for one to find
those varieties, many of which were
excellent for home use. Some, like
Garden Royal, when at the proper
stage of ripeness having a flavor that
was hard to equal. In the old days,
before there was such a variety of
fruits that could be bought in the
markets, this large number of apple
varieties with their wide range of
flavors and season of ripening filled
the needs for variety that today are
filled by other kinds of fruit that are
grown long distances away and are
shipped to us. The question arises
whether we really are better off for
the change. h. l. s.

E. Dixfield, Maine

Notes From a Hillside Farm

Last season was one of the worst
for growing sweet corn that we can
remember. The Spring was late and
after the soil got dry enough to plant
the weather continued cool. We did
not have hot weather such as corn
enjoys until the middle of July, then
in early August, when the later corn
was silking, we had ten days of hot,
dry weather that spoiled the polina-
tion of many of the ears. Only a small
part of the ears of the later corn
was filled so as to be fit for market.
The yield from most fields of can¬
ning corn was light and at the end
of the run some was touched by the
frost which injured the flavor.

We have tried several varieties of
early, yellow sweet corn to find a kind
suited for use as an early market
corn under our conditions. We found
Seneca 60, yellow hybrid, gave the
best results of the lot. Last year we
planted Seneca 60 and for comparison
a little Spancross and Marcross, two
yellow hybrids originating at the Con¬
necticut Experiment Station. Span-
cross was ready the day after we
made the first picking of Seneca 60
and Marcross was only three days
later. The ears of both varieties were
larger than those of the Seneca 60.
The first picking came at the begin¬
ning of the hot spell just mentioned
and the rest of the ears developed

Tourist Needs

New Hampshire caters to many
tourists during the season. Ann
Beggs, State extension specialist,
gives the following suggestions to
householders looking after this busi¬
ness.

“The tourist home can do much to
create a friendly feeling for the
Granite State, and the pleasant and
attractive guest home can usually ex¬
pect to get its share of the travellers.
The tourist is usually a tired traveller
who stays only one night, and needs
very little during his stay. The
primary needs is a good bed, well
made, and supplied with extra covers.

“About the first thing the traveller
wants on stopping is a hot bath, and
a ready supply of hot water is neces¬
sary to make the guests comfortable.
Towels should be large. Have a good
supply of face cloths. Place the bed
in a well ordered room, with ade¬
quate closet space for wraps and
clothing. Shelves for hats and for
shoes are convenient. A rack for
suit cases at the foot of the bed saves
wear and tear on furniture and walls.
A desk with note paper is usually
convenient.

“Good artificial light near the mir¬
ror and a bed lamp or other arrange¬
ment for comfortable reading in bed
will add to the guest’s pleasant
memories of the tourist home. The
well satisfied customer usually re¬
turns or sends his friends to a known
stopping place.”

Photo — Herman Foster, Bantam, Conn.

A pair of useful animals at work on Fred Ferrets’ farm, Bethlehem, Conn .

Management is the Secret

Last summer we made a number
of trips around New England, and
talked with many farmers. Here in
Middlesex County we know many
farmers, most of whom do specialty
farming. And one big lesson always
stands out wherever one finds a suc¬
cessful farm family. The secret is
good management.

Income comes from several differ¬
ent lines. We were talking with a
farmer who milks a dozen cows, sells
cream, raises his best heifer calves
and a few steers, keeps three brood
mares, raises a dozen or two hogs,
and keeps about 100 laying hens. He
raises fifteen to twenty acres of mixed
barley and oats, an acre or two of
. turnips, and three acres of potatoes.
As we talked with this farmer and
his wife we knew they were “good
managers.”

Good managers keep enough rec¬
ords so they can tell if they are getting
ahead. They plan their work and
see that it’s done ahead of time —
rather than too late. Buildings are
kept in repair. It’s really less ex¬
pensive, not to mention attractive
appearance, to keep buildings painted
and in good shape.

Probably some folks are born good
managers; but most farmers and their
wives learn that it pays to be good
managers. Farming is a way of living,
but it is also a business. Common
sense tells us we ought to manage our
farms as a business, and good man¬
agement is the secret of farming as
a happy, worthwhile way of living.

Massachusetts b. e.

the RURAL NEW-YORKER

291

PLAY TRICKS
WITH CHICKS

YOUR 194 1 chick raising pro¬
gram is no place for experimenta¬
tion or guesswork or tricks.
Sound, sensible planning is
what’s needed here — the Larro
Productive Pullet Plan. For 17
years now Larro Research Farm
has been at work on this plan.

It’s the best, the safest, the surest,
the most efficient and the most
truly economical plan that we
have been able to develop after
testing more than 800 different
chick ration formulas. It brings
you wholesome, high quality
products — made of ingredients
that provide the chicks and pul¬
lets with needed nutrients at the
right time. Ask your Larro dealer t
or write to us for the new Larro
booklet. Read about Flavin, Vita¬
min A, pigmentation and other
improvements just announced.

LARROWE MILLING CO.

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Detroit, Michigan - Dept. 0

•^lUlSHFARMr chick;

All Breeders carefully culled &

Blood Tested. Order direct from
ad. or write for our new catalog.
Satisfaction & safe arrival guaranteed.
Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Unsexed Pullets, Cockerels.
Will Ship C. 0. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3.00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 9.50 7.00

Wh. Wyand., R. I. Reds. Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires, Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

SPECIAL GRADE A. MATINGS

White & Black Leghorns . 10.00 17.00 4.00

Bar. Rocks & New Hampshires. ... 1 1.00 14.00 7.50

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R, Port Trevorton, Pa.

ttt; «itt s s * Y * I * * t s rtJi :«*» tt«r

hollywoSS 'White Leghorns

R.O.P. Sired Chicks at Low Prices. Write now
for Free Catalog describing our Bloodtested Breed¬
ers. Bay Old Chicks-Sexed Pullets-Cockerels. Heavy
producers of large white eggs. Chicks as low
as $6.50-100; Pullets $13-100; Cockerels $2-100.
C. M. SHELLENBERGER, Box 34. Richfield, Pa.

HANSON STRAIN

brooksoe LEGHORNS

wwviuwo BABY PULLETS — 2 to 12 weeks
old Pullets. Also N. Hampshires.
B. & W. Rocks, Sexed or un¬
sexed. Day old or Started. Com¬
plete price list and booklet FREE

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

White or Barred Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

New Hampshires or S.C.R.I. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00

Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chicks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM,

Wm. Nace, (Prop.), Box R, McAlistervillc, Pa.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2. 00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
R.I. Reds, Rd-Roek Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Reds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Reliable
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

SANDY KNOLL CHICKS

100% live del. Postpaid. Large 100 500 1000

Type S.C.W. Leg. Pullets (95%) .. $12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Leghorns . 6.00 30.00 60

Day Old Cockerels . 2.00 10.00 15

Rocks $6.50-100; N. H. Reds $7-100; Catalog Free.
Sandy Knoll Hatchery, Box 73, McAlisterville, Pa.

Handling Coccidiosis

I have heard that vinegar added to
the little chicks drinking water in
proportion of one part vinegar to 79
parts of water has cured coccidiosis.

New Jersey h. j. h.

Vinegar in the drinking water has
been recommended as an aid in the
control of acute coccidiosis. The
specific recommendations can be
secured by writing to the Beltsville
Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland,

There are two general methods for
controlling coccidiosis; (1) a suit¬
able sanitary program, (2) the use
of flushing materials for cleaning out
the intestinal tract of chicks affected
with an outbreak of coccidiosis. The
first symptoms of acute coccidiosis in
chicks will be, (1) loss of appetite,
(2) unthrifty appearance, (3) a ten¬
dency for wings to outgrow the bird,
(4) and, ruffled feathers. In the final
stages, appearance of bloody drop¬
pings will be a sure symptoms; how¬
ever, chicks may have acute cocci¬
diosis without reaching this severe
stage.

In chicks from four weeks to twelve
weeks of age, it is well to be suspici¬
ous of acute coccidiosis if chicks are
unthrifty, and treat them accordingly.
(1) Flush out the birds using a
laxative agent such as epsom salts,
using one pound epsom salts to 500
pounds live weight of chickens. Dis¬
solve the epsom salts in about 24
quarts of water, and give as the only
drink. This should be given after
water has been withheld from the
birds for one hour, say from 9 to 10
A. M. After a suitable flushing action
has occurred, then clean out all litter
and put in dry litter. Clean drinking
fountains and all feeders, and give
clean, fresh water and clean feed.

If the chickens fail to respond to
this treatment, they can again be
“flushed out” after a week or ten
days. Other flushing agents can be
used such as (1) flushing mashes put
out by commercial feed concerns, (2)
a 40 per cent milk mash (40 pounds
dried milk to 60 pounds regular
mash) given in place of the regular
mash, (3) or a molasses flush — one
quart molasses to fourteen quarts
water given as the only drink. Sani¬
tation is important, but will not pre¬
vent this disease from affecting young
chicks. Dry litter, the use of wire
platforms under feeders and waterers,
and avoiding wet spots around the
waterers will be helpful.

Adult fowls may have acute coc¬
cidiosis but usually are affected with
the chronic type. Chronic coccidiosis
in adult stock will respond to some
degree to the flushing treatments, but
the best thing to do is to try and
grow the birds so that they will be
relatively free of coccidiosis. This
applies to both the brooding (1-12
weeks) as well as the growing period
(12-24 weeks). T. B. Charles

4-H Poultry Activities

The Eastern District Egg Show and
judging contest and demonstrations
were held at Menands Market, Al¬
bany, N. Y., March 14 and 15. Fif¬
teen counties participated; 163 dozen
eggs were exhibited, 23s girls demon¬
strated the use of poultry products as
food, one boys team and three in¬
dividual boys participated in the
agricultural demonstration.

William Plass, of Dutchess County,
and Alex Morrison, of Saratoga
County, tied for highest scoring dozen
of white eggs at 9814. Robert Shuster,
of Fulton County, had the highest
scoring of brown eggs at 97%.

The Ulster County judging team
composed of Harold Shortt, Ralph
Allen and Ivan DeHoff placed first
in egg judging contest in which fifteen
counties had entered.

Tompkins County took the honors
at the Central New York 4-H Egg
Show ,held at the State School in
Morris ville, on March 1, 1941. To
Tompkins goes the “traveling trophy”
for one year, held successively by
Madison, Cortland, Cayuga, Tomp¬
kins and Chenango (two years). Hon¬
ors for champion dozen of eggs were
shared by two Tompkins County 4-H
poultry members with a score of
9914. There were twelve dozen of
eggs that scored as high or higher
than the 1940 top score of 98V->.
Twelve girls took part in the Egg Use
Demonstrations. Ten counties sent
teams for the egg grading contests
and there were an additional twenty-
nine who graded eggs as individuals;
131 dozen of eggs were entered in
the show.

FEEDS Stepped-Up for YOUR Set-Up
Increases Profits— Cots Feed Bills!

Your farm is different. Acreage, equipment, range, your
growing plan, all may differ from your neighbor’s. Only
with feeds "tailor-made” for your conditions can you
grow the finest birds at lowest costs.

Pratt Feeds, . . . "Stepped-Up” for your "Set-Up,” . . .
provides feeds that fit your farm like a glove. It’s just
like having a staff of nutrition experts write a feeding
prescription for your farm.

All chicks are started on Pratts Chick Starter. But,
. . . those grown on grassy range are changed to Pratts
Range Grower. Tnose raised on bare range and sun
porches are changed to Pratts Growing Mash (for semi-
confined flocks). Totally confined flocks are changed to
Pratts Indoor Growing Mash.

Each plan provides feeds especially "Stepped-Up” in
those elements needed by flocks grown under each set
of conditions.

You pay out no money for many high-priced ingredients unneeded under your
conditions. You get 10 to 12 pounds more of needed feeds in every bag. And,
you can feed more scratch grain,

— slashing mash feed costs on
many farms in half.

Growth, health is better.
There’s no forced overeating. No
overloading the digestive tract
with unneeded feeds. Costs are
lower. Growth is fast.

Learn more about this com¬
mon-sense, logical, better, cheaper
way to feed. Send coupon and
10c today for complete details.

^T7oOD CO. 0ep*. 2l9

Philadelphia. Pa* send * 1

Set- UP- .

Your
Name ...

Address
Town ..

Street

pra&> QUALITY FEEDS

> MASH OR PELLETS

Brooder $4.80 Complete

In a few minutes you can make a better brooder than
you can buy. No tools needed but a pair of ordinary
shears. The materials, including Heater, will cost you
only $4.80. Broods 40 to 100 chicks.

1 want you to try my brooder and will send you plana
for making it, together with a Putnam Brooder Heater
for $4.75. All postpaid. The Putnam Brooder Heater
holds one quart of oil and

Burns 1 0 Days Without Attention

Try the brooder out and if you don’t say it's the best
brooder you ever used, return the Heater in 30 days and
get your money back. When ordering, please give your
dealer’s name. Send for my free Booklet “Poultry Helps.”

I. PUTNAM Route 464-K ELMIRA, N. Y.

Xj KIL£ THOSE

'BH Apply Avenarius Carbolineum _

XX ■ 'n the poultry house once a year. Kills,
fKee keeps out mites, blue buqs, fowl ticks. GUARANTFFD

BOOKieri . .

ensj

CABB0UNEUM CO., Ont.210 Milwaukee, Wis.

Hens need

Calcium-Grit for Better Egg Shells^

Calcite Crystals

—A Crystal-Hard Grit for Grinding
Costs so little ^ does so much

. Ask your Feed Dealer or write .
“Calcite Crystals’’ Box 126
Newton, N. J.

gt rd&L

QUALITY
CH ICKS

eteCTRICALLV HATCHED

Hatches Monday & Thursdays. Str. Pita. Ckls.

Catalog Free. Cash or C. O. D. 100 100 100

Large Hanson Str. W. Leghorns. $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

Bar. & W. Box, R. I. REDS _ 7.00 10.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 8.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B. W. D. 100% live
delivery guaranteed. We pay all postage. Write for
Catalog on Special Mating. Pullets guaranteed 95%.
Smith s Electric Hatchery, Box R. Cocolamus, Pa.

TOXITE KILLS

Before you get your chicks, spray brooder houses with Tox-
ite. Hills disease germs, Coccidiosis, worms, red mites.

Tnvifc y.DnLe;STSJler^ Write for poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, Md.

292

•P* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber* s
Exchange will be found on page 295.

Help Wanted

HOUSEKEEPER — Business couple. Must like
children. Boy 11, girl 4. Good home, $25
per month. MRS. L. BATES, 40 Alice Court,
East Rockaway, L. I., N. Y.

FARMER WANTED: good dairy farmer,
married, children no objection; to build
up 1st class goat dairy in Connecticut and
do light farming. Must be sober and wife
willing to do some housework. Position will
be made attractive to right persons. State
references and starting salary. ADVERTISER
1587, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM HAND, sober, preferably married:

permanent year-round position; modern
machine operated Maryland tobacco farm:
20 miles Washington. $30 monthly plus good
house, milk, eggs, etc., bonus. References
exchanged. Excellent position and oppor¬
tunity to learn profitable tobacco business
for ambitious hard worker. State age,
references first letter. ADVERTISER 1588,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm mechanic, must understand
farm machinery, tractors, trucks; handy
at carpentry and painting. ADVERTISER
1589, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Unmarried man as second in
dairy barn. All modern improvements in
barn and living quarters. Wages $35 to $40
per month, board and room. STONEHOUSE
FARM, Gladstone, N. J. Telephone 439-J
Peapack.

WANTED — Refined, Protestant, working
housekeeper. Middleaged, with driver’s
permit. Improved country home; small
family, adults. $40. References. ADVER¬
TISER 1592, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Strong boy over 16 for farm
work. $20 monthly, with room and board.
B. GASPARINO, Mystic, Conn.

WANTED — Single man to work on a potato
farm. $40 monthly, room and board. AD¬
VERTISER 1593, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man without children
for truck farm work. $60 monthly, house,
milk, fuel and vegetables. ADVERTISER
1594, care Rural New-Yorker.

INVALID LADY going to California, wants
nurse under 40. Some hospital training.
Must be tall, strong, willing; drives car.
$65 monthly. All details for personal inter¬
view. NEWMAN, Box 43, R. D. No. 2.
Wappingers Falls, N. Y.

YOUNG WOMAN for general housework;

small family. $30 month to start. Steady
work. MRS. H. L. OSIAS, 191 Joralemon
St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man, experienced in
general farming. RUSSELL PETERS,
Callicoon, N. Y.

WANTED — Farm helper, $20 month; self
cook; everything furnished. GEO. PERIER,
Selkirk, N. Y.

COUPLE — Woman cook and housework:

man, farm and cattle. Adult family. Abso¬
lute modern home; own room and bath. All-
vear job. State references, experience, salary.
Suburban Long Island. DAVID SCHWARTZ,
160-16 Jamaica Ave., Jamaica, N. Y.

WANTED — Responsible, steady, single test-
cow man for three-time milking. Diffi¬
cult hours, good pay. Interview immediately
with references. HAMLET HILL FARM,
Salisbury, Conn.

BUDDING GENIUS to work in my shop,
which is devoted to the development of
inventions. Must be betweeen 16 and 19,
with proven aptitude and good character.
Application by letter only, stating experi¬
ence and ambitions, and giving references.
PERCIVAL WHITE, Springdale, Conn.

RELIABLE WOMAN for cooking and gen¬
eral housework in country. Small family.
Modern conveniences, own room and bath.
Must like children. Wages $40 to start. AD¬
VERTISER 1596, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL 18-24, work, general helper; $3 week,
board, boating. Maine. ADVERTISER 1610,
care Rural New-Yorker.

HELP WANTED, experienced dairyman,
married, good references. ADVERTISER
1597, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN wanted on Grade-A
Guernsey farm. No. 1 dry-hand milker,
kind to cattle, understand farming; not
afraid of work. State wages, number
children and reference in first letter. AD¬
VERTISER 1598, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COUPLE for kennel work; or two
women, private kennel. ADVERTISER
1599, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Sober, reliable, single, middle-
aged man on fruit farm; steady job. One
who prefers good home to high wages.
State wages wanted. BOX 443, R. D. 2,
Highland, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER, LIGHT cooking, baby,
business couple. Light washing by ma¬
chine. $35 month. JESSE DEUTSCH, Wood¬
ridge, New York.

WANTED — Single men, $30 month, board;

also couple both milk; men general farm
work. State wages. BOX 294, Delhi, N. Y.

FARM MANAGER for large institutional
farm in northeastern Ohio; either single
or, if married, without family. Must have
technical knowledge and experience in
dairying, animal husbandry and horticulture.
ADVERTISER 1601, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married herdsman without chil¬
dren on modern estate. Over 100 head
purebreds. Room and board with manager.
Wife to take charge of housework. State
wages desired, age and references. ADVER¬
TISER 1603, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED, poultryman well ex¬
perienced; wife part-time housework. Nice
modern home, near Middletown, N. Y. AD¬
VERTISER 1606, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, SINGLE, Christian, able to drive, for
all-year position on poultry farm in New
Jersey. $50 per month, good home and op¬
portunity to share in business. ADVERTISER
1607, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two boys on farm, out of school.

Experience not necessary. $10 a month and
found. RALPH SHEPARD, Callicoon, N. Y.

YOUNG MAN to help on milk route, wash
bottles and milk machines; also barn work
in afternoon. $35 per month and board.
EDWIN C. LARRY, Pleasantville, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED ORCHARD man for North¬
ern New Jersey farm. Three-room living
quarters furnished. Give full particulars, ex¬
perience, wages desired. ADVERTISER

1633, care Rural New-Yorker.

FAMILY WITH four children, nurse, want
white couple; cook, serve, drive, garden.
No upstairs work. $100 per month. Apply
H. MORRIS, New Canaan, Conn.

WANTED — Married man, experience truck,
tractor and horses. Three-room apartment.
Good wages to right man. JOHN DERFUSS,
Blauvelt, N. Y.

CLEAN, TRUSTWORTHY woman, house¬
work, cooking, light laundry for two
adults. Driving preferred. Call or write:
references, experience and salary expected.
MRS. E. MUHLHAUSER, Maple Ave.,
Peekskill, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER — Protestant, reliable, re¬
fined; or man and wife. Sober, reference.

C. R. DIXON, R. D. Williamsburg, Pa.

WANTED — Competent middleaged woman
for general housework for two in small
house. Must be good cook. MISS C. GRIFFIN,
Brookfield Centre, Conn.

WANTED — Young married man to work on
farm; $75 four months, $60 eight months.
House, fuel, milk, electricity furnished.
HOWARD PELTON, Monticello, N. Y.

GARDENER CARETAKER, experienced,

willing; handy with tools. Small acreage
within 50 miles of New York City. Only
replies giving age, wages expected, detailed
experience and suitable references will be
considered. ADVERTISER 1637, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two single all-round farmers;

must be A-l hand milkers. Wages $60 and
keep. Apply in person. A. C. PETERSEN
FARMS, 240 Park Road, West Hartford, Conn.

WANTED — Reliable married man as herds¬
man. Also single dry-hand milker. No
liquor. Prompt reply requested stating age,
nationality, salary expected. ADVERTISER
1613, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good farm hand, milk and
general farm work; good room and meals.
$45 a month. Must be neat, honest and
clean, strong and willing. ADVERTISER
1638, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN BETWEEN 35 and 45 who can help
milk eight cows and do other farm work;
plowing with horses. Small dairy farm.
Wages $30. Year around job. ERNEST
REIMER, North Branch, Sullivan County,
New York.

WANTED — Single, middleaged, white man,
to work on modern dairy farm. Must have
experience in feeding and milking. $10 per
week and good board. No tobacco or liquor.
JOHN R. HUMPHREYS, Hook Road, Penns
Grove, N. J.

SINGLE, SOBER, clean, general farm hand;

who understands poultry. Excellent home,
steady job for the right man. $35 month,
separate room and board. Write, EAST END
DECORATING COMPANY, 666 Madison Ave., .
New York City. Or call for interview
Regent 7-3830.

SINGLE EXPERIENCED man on dairy farm.

Good wages and living conditions. AD¬
VERTISER 1639, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED— -Man to do general work on dairy
farm using milking machine. Farm is
located only eight miles from Trenton, N. J.
Good opportunity for right man. State
references and salary, with board, desired.

E. G. PETERSON, Yardley, Penna. Tele¬
phone Yardley 148.

WOMAN, WHITE, wanted to assist with
housework in a modern farm home, 25
miles from New York City. Must be clean,
trustworthy and congenial. Good home and
no long hours with $35 month; own room,
and board to right party. Could also use
man for milking and general farm work at
$50 month, room and board. ADVERTISER
1617, care Rural New-Yorker.

COOK— (couple considered) expert for small
exclusive inn; 75 miles New York City.
State qualifications fully. ADVERTISER
1641, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once, couple, wife housework:

' man general farm work. No milking. $75
per month and board. FRANK TODD,
Stamford, N. Y.

COUPLE _ imme(jiately, under 46, white;

$100 starting. Expert cooking, general
housework, gardening, driving, buttering
(evenings). Parents, two children in family.
State experience, reference, nationality. En-
close pictures if possible. ADVERTISER
1642, care Rural New-Yorker.

ALLROUND FARMER wanted, good team¬
ster, dry-hand milker, sober, reliable; good
position for right party, single; or married
couple without furniture, if woman is will¬
ing to assist in housework, not over 50;
modern farm. State wages, experience. Write
or call. WILLIAM GARTNER, Stephens-
burg, N. J. Port Murray, R. D.

WANTED — Single, all-around farmer, drive
and repair tractor and truck, handle and
repair farm machinery. Salary $55 monthly.
Sll?gje . room, board and laundry. Farm lo¬
oted ln Westchester County. ADVERTISER
1644, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN of school age on small farm
near Binghamton, N. Y.. ADVERTISER
1616, care Rural New-Yorker.

HANDYMAN. MECHANIC, country; state

Qualifications, recommendations, wages ex-
pected with home. ADVERTISER 1646, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE: PERMANENT position, family of
three (boy 11) ; modern home, south¬
western Connecticut village. Woman does
general housework; man looks after small
lawn, garden, drives, helps inside. Couple’s
quarters in house, two rooms, bath. Forward
references, snapshots, salary expected. AD¬
VERTISER 1649, care Rural New-Yorker.

Situations Wanted

CARETAKER MARRIED, two children; all
around gardening, painting, repairs, etc
ADVERTISER 1529, care Rural New-Yorker!

GIRL WHITE, experienced houseworker,
good home. $30 start. MRS. NATHANSON,
1340 50th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN, 47, experienced in general
farming, desires position; references. State
wages and particulars. ADVERTISER 1566
care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN or woman, strong and
healthy for steady position open May 11;
to take charge of house in suburbs. Family
of five, youngest 14. Experienced preferred.
State experience, references and salary ex¬
pected. MRS. H. DULTZ, 129 Mayhew
Drive, So. Orange, N. J.

GIRL 20. Agricultural School graduate, de-
sires position in creamery laboratory, doing
bacteria and butterfat tests. ADVERTISER
1569, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young man or woman to cook
for two men, on farm. Wages $3 per week.
No liquor permitted. CHAS. O. EDWARDS,
Dushore, Pa.

FARM FOREMAN married, 38, experienced

in cattle, horses, farm machinery and
tractors; good on repair jobs. ADVERTISER
1570, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Cook-houseworker, experienced,
handyman, gardener, station driving; small
home. Upper Westchester, about six months.
State references, wages desired. ADVER¬
TISER 1626, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN without family; good
milker and teamster. ERNEST CROWELL,
Middletown, Conn.

WANTED — Position as caretaker, gardener
and handyman. Married, no children;
have chauffeurs license. Can give reference.
Do not drink or smoke. GEORGE LOSEE.

R. D., Stamford, N. Y.

GIRL OR young woman, general housework,
own room, $40. A. SAMUELS, 188-16
114th Drive, St. Albans, Long Island, N. Y.

COUPLE, RELIABLE for family living out¬
side Peekskill. Woman to do housework
and simple cooking. Man to assist in house,
gardening and general handy work. Salary
$85 a month with full maintenance. ADVER¬
TISER 1628, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, SINGLE, 44, wishes permanent po¬
sition with refined, reliable family; $40
to start. Experienced in alT branches of
farming, drives all cars. Available about
'May 15. Sober, reliable. Will prove valu¬
able to right party. Excellent reference.
State correct and complete details first
letter. ADVERTISER 1573, care Rural
New-Yorker.

THOROUGLY EXPERIENCED gardener for
small home on Long Island. Salary $50
month, including 3-room apartment and
electricity. Call for interview. C. STONE,
505 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

REFINED, AMERICAN, educated lady,

Protestant, respectable, middleaged, wishes
position to take care of widower’s home.
A-l references exchanged. BOX 694, New
Canaan, Conn.

SINGLE MAN for New Jersey dairy farm.

Steady job for a willing worker. Must be
experienced. Write previous references and
wages expected. FOUR PILLAR FARM,
Neshanic, N. J.

WIDOWER, AGE 60, wishes position as
caretaker on private estate or helper in
nursery or farm. $10 a month. Write KOLAR,
275 Greenwich St., New York City.

WANTED — Experienced man, single; for
milk bottling plant. No liquor. State
wages and particulars. ADVERTISER 1629,
care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE MAN, age 40, desires position,
milking and taking care of cows or poul¬
try. Address WILLIAM MACKEY, Hunter,
New York.

HELP WANTED: Small estate Eastern
Massachusetts. Protestant couple under 50
years. Husband, handy man, gardening,
assist heavy cleaning in house, repairs, driv¬
ing license. Wife, general maid, cook, and
housekeeper. Large house, family of two.
References, character and ability required.
ADVERTISER 1631, care Rural New-Yorker.

CARPENTER AND builder wants work. A.
VINK, 82 Wain Ave., Paterson, N. J.

COUPLE WISH position; cook, houseworker,
gardener, lawn, repairs, general handy.
ADVERTISER 1578, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED YOUNG single man for handy
work on a suburban estate. Must be care¬
ful and capable driver of car and willing
worker on grounds and house. Salary $35
a month with room and board. EMPLOYER,
BOX 639, New York City.

HOUSEKEEPER — Refined middleaged Ameri¬
can, good manager and cook; cheerful, de¬
pendable. Gentleman’s suburban home pre¬
ferred. P. O. BOX 336, Montclair, N. J.

POULTRYMAN EXPERIENCED, middleaged.

single, wishes position as caretaker. Willing
to work on shares or salary. State wages.
ADVERTISER 1581, care Rural New-Yorker.

LIGHT HOUSEWORK, assist with children,
doctor’s home. Own cheerful room; $30.
Write DR. H. TIRSCH, 1390 Union St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

ELDERLY MAN, Christian, seeks postion on
a chicken farm, some experience. State
terms, etc. ADVERTISER 1583, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MOTHERS’ HELPER, responsible girl, baby,
one school child; state age; send photo¬
graph. Good salary. MRS. GORDON

WILKINS, 40-24 208th St., Bayside, L. I.

HOUSEKEEPER, REFINED, middleaged Ger¬
man, wishes good permanent position.
ADVERTISER 1586, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL, LIGHT housework, assist with child;

convenient time off. $30-$40. BLANK,
1209 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED AT once, light work on dairy
farm in milk room. Painting or gas stand.
Write or call. HARVEY J. CUTTS, Putman
Road, Newport, N. H.

WANTED BY dairy, immediately, single ex¬
perienced man, to help in field and barn.
Tlractor farming, machine milking, good
living and working conditions; year-round
job. Give full particulars. All letters an¬
swered. ADVERTISER 1632, care Rural
New-Yorker.

ELDERLY POULTRYMAN. reliable, active.

experienced all branches except dressing,
wants position. Capable taking full charge.
Can board myself. ADVERTISER 1591, care
Rural New-Yorker.

April 19. 1941

EXPERIENCED CARETAKER, married, no
children; general all-around handyman.
Carpentry, painting, drive car and tractors.
References. BOX 201, Montrose. N. Y.

WANTED BY Christian woman, position.

farm home. Gas station, cabins or small
boarding house; no cooking. Write P. O.
BOX 84, Scarsdale, N. Y.

CULTURED LADY, companion, light
housekeeeper or nurse invalid. ADVER¬
TISER 1602, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED, estate working super¬
intendent, gardener flowers, vegetables,
caretaker, grounds maintenance, landscaping,
painting, operates tractors, automobiles, farm
machinery, livestock. Married, well edu¬
cated, excellent references. 17 years on es¬
tates. Protestant. Go anywhere. P. O. BOX
311, Far Hills, N. J.

COUPLE, NO children, wish position; garden¬
er, caretaker, handyman. Wife willing to
assist in home. Best references; 20 years last
position. ADVERTISER 1608, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WORKING MANAGER, herdsman, 32.

married, no children, American. College
training with 14 years experience on farm,
estate producing highest quality products.
Desires position on small estate. Modern
farm or assistant on larger place. No
liquor, tobacco; ability and references A-l.
$125 monthly, house, privileges. ADVER¬
TISER 1609. care Rural New-Yorker.

HONEST, DEPENDABLE, sober man wishes
position, small place, camp; prepare
gardens, lawns, care livestock. Life experi¬
ence all farm work. Excellent references.
4008 Francis Lewis Boulevard, Flushing,
New York.

HONEST YOUNG man, neat, pleasant.

handy. Gardens, lawns, country home or
camp. Can milk; remodel. ADVERTISER
1612, care Rural New-Yorker.

PRE-VETERINARY STUDENTS needing farm
experience desire placement on stock
farms. Salary no object; available June 1st.
ADVERTISER 1614, care Rural New-Yorker.

ELDERLY MAN desires position as care¬
taker, experienced in poultry and vege¬
tables. Can milk cows. Excellent references.
182 Shaeffer St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

FARM MANAGER married, efficient, profit¬
able results in all lines of dairy farming,
interested only in purebred stock. Excellent
references. ADVERTISER 1615, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GOOD POULTRYMAN, single, 40; go any¬
where at once. ADVERTISER 1618, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MAN 48, wishes work on modern poultry
farm. ADVERTISER 1619, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Working gardener to superintend
private estate by man thoroughly quali¬
fied; up-keep lawns, flower gardens, green¬
houses, vegetables, trees, shrubs; also
thoroughbred stock on farm and crops. I
offer myself as thorough experienced man.
Neat, cheerful, obliging worker. A leader
not a driver of men. JOHN R. JACKSON.
Loomis, N. Y.

WIDOW IN her fiftys desires housekeepers
position to person alone; prefers home
to wages. On a farm or home in the
country. ADVERTISER 1623, care Rural
New-Yorker.

TEAMSTER AND general farmer wants
position. Single, age 49, Swedish natural¬
ized. ADVERTISER 1624, care Rural New-
Yorker.

SUPT.-MANAGER full charge on private
place where conscientious man desired;
married, over 25 years experience all
branches, garden, crops, horses, cattle, live¬
stock, machinery; sober character, compe¬
tent, trustworthy; excellent references,
previous position satisfactory ten years. AD¬
VERTISER 1625, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN, FARM school 'graduate, ex¬
perience, reliable, best reference; capable
of taking ful charge. E. FUNK, 408 10th
St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

MARRIED, EXPERIENCED gardener-care-
taker, age 42; to work on small country
estate with cottage. BOX 462, Waterbury,
Connecticut.

EXPERIENCED CHRISTIAN Holland couple.

daughter 9, desires position on country
estate or farm. Excellent reference; moderate
salary. Own car, furniture. ADVERTISER
1640, care Rural New-Yorker.

pobllioil, .v&v.MWxw, nuwcia, llUUbCIliail,

drive, temperance. $60 monthly and main¬
tenance. ADVERTISER 1645, care Rural
New-Yorker.

vcgeiaoies,

GARDENER, CARETAKER, would like po¬
sition in private, nice family only; reli¬
able reference; moderate
McNAMARA, 173 Elmwood
New Jersey.

wages. E.
Ave, Bogota,

Country Board

GREER HOME. Ellicottville, N. Y. for aged
people. Permanent or by month. Lovely
place.

BOARDERS WANTED, $5 week. MARJORIE
McCLELLAN FLINT, Randolph, Vermont.

ROOM, BOARD, wanted for Summer; man
60; Protestant. Farm quiet, congeniel, with¬
in 200 miles city. Moderate terms. ADVER¬
TISER 1605, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE FOR Summer, 6-room house
in Queens for similar house in country with¬
in 70 miles. 5337 65th Place, Maspeth, N. Y.

ROOM FOR rent, reasonable; write for in¬
formation. ELBRIDGE TUTHILL Remsen-
burg, Long Island.

COUPLE SEEKING board and two attrac¬
tive rooms with bath on private farm or
estate within one hour train ride from
New York City. ADVERTISER 1648, care
Rural New-Yorker.

Continued on Page 293

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

293

News From New Jersey

Spring work on all farms in New
Jersey has been backward this month
on account of excessive rains and
cloudy weather which have kept the
soil too wet for proper cultivation.
Potato farmers feel somewhat dis¬
couraged because planting has been
delayed from two to three weeks
which will mean a delay in harvesting
as well as in marketing the crop.
This will increase marketing com¬
petition which will lead to lower
prices. However, in spite of this un¬
promising outlook reports from the
various counties seem to indicate
that there will be a decrease of ap¬
proximately not less than three per
cent over the acreage of last year.

Beans and tomatoes may show a
decrease of three per cent. Other
truck crops, it is thought, will not
vary very much from last year’s
acreage.

Growers of wheat and other grain
crops in New Jersey, as well as those
in other grain growing states, feel
somewhat gloomy over the outlook
for such crops on account of increased
competition in the future grain mar¬
ket.

The deep subsoil of the high plains
wheat area is soaked as it hasn’t been
for ten years and the outlook for the
1941 wheat crop is the best in a
decade. Yet the wheat farmer is
worried; he’s afraid he’ll raise too
much wheat for his own good. The
heavy carry-over of wheat and grain
from last year when added to a
bumper yield of grain this year will
force lower prices and smaller profits.

Jersey Crops in 1940

Nature was lavish in her gifts to
the New Jersey farmer during 1940.
Yields, prices and income generally
were higher than in 1939. The princi¬
pal exception was the grower of
white potatoes, who suffered con¬
siderable loss because of low prices.

Farm values for 1940 crops, not
including livestock and minor un¬
reported commodities, were $45,023,-
000. Corresponding figures were
$42,387,000 during 1939 and a 10-year
average of $39,948,000.

Production during 1940 is approxi¬
mated at 53,500,000 bushels of vari¬
ous reported commodities and 382,000
tons of hay. The 1940 figures mark
an approximate increase of 5,500,000
bushels and about $5,000,000 in farm
prices over the preceding 10-year
average.

The 1940 yield of vegetables, other
than white potatoes, was about
26,652,000 bushels and the farm value
$19,948,000. White potato growers
harvested 10,150,000 bushels, valued
at $5,176,000. Grain crop production
was 10,718,000 bushels valued at $7,-
176,000, hay 382,000 tons at $5,103,-
000, tree fruits 4,916,000 bushels at
$4,497,000, berries and grapes 961,150
bushels at $2,482,000 bushels.

Tomatoes led the vegetable list
with a production of 9,393,000 bush¬
els. Then came cabbage, 1,897,000
bushels; asparagus, 1,863,000 crates

with a dozen bunches each; green
peppers, 1,863,000 bushels.

Field corn yielded 7,371,000 bush¬
els, wheat 1,316,000 bushels and oats
1,419,000 bushels. The commercial
crop of apples was 3,354,000 bushels
and of peaches 1,494,000 bushels.

Cranberry production was 270,000
bushels, strawberries 330,000 bushels,
grapes 260,000 bushels, blackberries
57,400 bushels and raspberries 43,750
bushels.

Urges Early Fruit Spraying

County Farm Agent, M. A. Clark,
of Freehold, N. J., advises farmers
in Monmouth County to spray their
apple trees at the right time. The
new schedule for New Jersey apple
growers recommends a dormant ap¬
plication for the control of aphids.
Aphid eggs pass the Winter around
the bud scales and the cracks and
crevices in the bark of the twigs.
Apple trees are now in the dormant
stage and this period will end as
soon as the buds start to swell and
show silvery. The sprays should be
applied at any time when the buds
are dormant, but not during periods
when the weather is freezing.

The recommended materials are a
dinitro cresol at the strength recom¬
mended by the manufacturer, or a
refined tar oil emulsion. If a 66 per
cent tar oil emulsion is used, the
spray mixture should be made up
of three gallons and three quarts of
the emulsion to 100 gallons of water.
Growers are advised to spray with
the wind when using these materials,
because they are rather caustic and
will burn if they come in contact with
the operator’s hands or face.

Oats Should be Planted Early

From yield data it has been found
that oats should be planted early.
When seeded after April 25, the
grain yield has been lowered, the
later the crop the' lower the yield.
Between April 15 and April 20 seems
to be the most favorable time for
sowing this crop at New Brunswick,
N. J. Yields were reduced 20 per
cent when the time of seeding was
delayed from April 20 to May 10.
The seed bed should be properly pre¬
pared as soon as possible to permit
early seeding.

Garden Club Meets in Frenchtown

The Frenchtown 4-H Garden Club
which met at the Frenchtown High
School heard an interesting report on
his experiences in building a hotbed
and starting plants in it, given by
Frank Hahola, Pittstown, vice-presi¬
dent of the club. Frank explained the
principles of each operation he had
folowed in building the hotbed and
in operating it. He also answered
questions that were asked by those
present. At the next meeting Joseph
Hooper, Spring Mills, will lead a
discussion on garden plans and
Kenneth McCrea, Spring Mills, will
lead a discussion on the starting of
early plants.

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
nrice for February 1941 is $1.99 for 3.5
per cent milk in the 201-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk) $2.65 per
cwt.; Class 1 (relief) $2.08 per cwt.; Class

2- A (fluid cream) $1.95 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,626; 2-C,
$1,476; 3- A, $1,539; 3-B, $1,626;; 3-C, $1,236;

3- D, $1,201; 4-A. $1,126; 4-B, $1,167.

Fluid sales for the whole month of

February amounted to 73,083,893 pounds
and there was a total of 384,850,195 pounds
of milk in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15 ’4
cents; 28 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 34 to 34*40 ; 91 to 92
score, 33*4 to 33%c; 88 to 90 score, 32%
to 33c; unsalted, best, 34(4 to 35c; 90 to
92 score, 33(4 to 34c; storage, 33c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 28c; specials, 26c;
standards, 24%c; firsts, 24c; undergrades,
23 ‘A ; exchange mediums, 24(4c; Pacific
Coast specials, 30c; standards, 27*/4c; me¬
diums, 24(4c; browns, extra fancy, 26c;
specials, 24c; standards, 23c; mediums, 22c;
duck eggs, 45c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2(4 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, 1(4 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are the open¬
ing figures for best quality. Undergrades
and small sizes proportionately lower.
Fowls, 18c; chickens 21c; roosters, 14c;
turkeys, 36c; ducks. 14c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 20c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 26c;
capons, 31c; roosters, 18(4c; squabs, lb., 40
to 43c;,

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, dozen bunches, $3 to $5; string-
beans, bu„ $3; cabbage, 50-lb. bag., $1.25;
new, l(4-bu. bkt., $2.25; carrots, bu., 50c;
cauliflower, crate, $2.50; celery, crate, $3;
chives, flat, 75c; collard greens, bu., 40c;
dandelions, bu., $1; horseradish, bbl., $12;

kale, bbl., $1; lettuce, bkt., $2; onions. 50
lbs.. $1.25; peas, bu., $3; peppers, bu., $1.75;
radishes, 12-qt. bkt., 40c; spinach, bu., 60c;
squash, southern, new bu., $3; turnips,
white, bu., 85c; rutabaga, 50 lbs., 80c;
water cress, bunch. 5c.

FRUITS

Apples, Baldwin, bu., $1.60; Albemarle,
$1.75; Greening, $1.50; Delicious, $2; Golden
Delicious, $1.75; McIntosh, $2; Spy $1.25;
Stayman, 90c; pears, bu., $1; strawberries,
pt., 22c; Papayas, lb. 15c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, Timothy, $20; No. 2, $18; No.
3, $16; clover mixed, $22; straw, oat and
wheat, $14.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 37c; eggs, 30c; live fowls, 20c;
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 24c; chickens,
29c; squabs, lb., 40 to 43c; apples, bu., $1.50;
carrots, bu., 50c; mushrooms, 3 lb. bkt., 60c;
onions, 50 lbs., $1.40; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.15;
sweet potatoes, bu., $2; turnips, bu., 70c.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 33c; eggs, 24(4c; hens, 21c;
chickens, 20c; ducks, 17c; turkeys, 22c;
apples, bu., $1; onions, 50 lbs., $1.35; pota¬
toes, 100 lbs., $1.45; hay $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, good to choice, $10.50 to $12.25;
medium to good, $7.75 to $8.50; common,
$6.75; bulls, $9; cows, $7.25; calves, $13;
wethers, $7.50; lambs, $15; heavy hogs, $8.50;
pigs, $7.

LANCASTER, LIVESTOCK
Steers, choice, $12; medium, $9.50; com¬
mon, $9; cows, good, $7.50; medium, $6.75;
cutters, $6.50; bulls. $8.25; calves, $13;
Stocker and feeders, $12; hogs, $8.75; sheep,
$8; lambs, $12; hogs, $8.75.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 34c; eggs, 30c; dressed fowls, 23c;
broilers, 24c; ducks, 17c; turkeys, 25c; live
fowls, 21c; chickens, 23c; apples, bu., $2;
potatoes. 100 lbs., $1,30; carrots, bu., 60c;
lettuce, hothouse, bu., $1.50; onions, 50 lbs.,
$1; squash, Hubbard, lb. 5(4c; wool,
scoured basis, $1.

PROFIT-BRED from PROVEN STRAINS

21 YEARS Forging Ahead

Our files are full of stories of successes volun¬
tarily sent in by Sunnybrook customers. These
letters tell of quick profits from broilers, high
flock averages and low mortality records.

PULLORUM TESTED SINCE 1921

New Hampshire* White Leghorns

Barred Rocks R. I. Reds

White Rocks Cross Breeds

SEXED PULLETS BREEDS

95% Livability Guaranteed Up To
Three Weeks.

Write Today for Catalog and Prices

SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM

A. HOWARD FINGAR, Owner and Mgr.
BOX H. HUDSON, NEW YORK

• R. 0. P. SIRED

FAIRPORT chick's

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . , . Parmenter Reds

Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

21 years of steady breeding im¬
provement with bloodlines from
WH. LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those
..... ..... above make this year’s chicks our

• LKUsS-UKcUS greatest breeding values. U. S.

• SEXED CHICKS Approved — pullorum tested. Every

l. _ .j. breeder selected and banded by
in all breeds N. Y. State Dep’t. of Agriculture
official. Largest state supervised
hatchery in N. Y. We hatch the year round.

LOW PRICES — FREE CATALOG
Get low prices, breeding facts on Fairport Leg¬
horns, B. I. Beds, New Hampshires, White
Wyandottes, Barred and White Bocks. Also
Hamp-Rocks (sex-linked cross) and Bock-Hamp-
shires (barred cross) from Twichell and Lake
Winthrop strains. Write Today.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Box R Fairport, Now York

DUCKLINGS — Highest quality. Lowest prices.

Lipory’s Duck Hatchery, Rt. I, New Brunswick, N. J.

VWVWAV^^^WWWVWVV

MEN WANTED

Leading Farm paper in
East has protected terri¬
tory open in New England
and Pennsylvania for men
with car to do subscription
work. Many men in our
sales force have been
with us for years, and
have done well. All
year work, good earnings.
References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER#

333 West 30th Street
New York City

| _ Fruits and Foods j

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬

ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

WILD RASPBERRY, orange blossom or
clover honey, choicest quality, liquefied,
5 lbs. $1.10; postpaid 500 miles; try some.
HARRY MERRILL, Merrick Road, Massa-
pequa, New York.

WAR HAS caused low honey prices. Europe
cannot buy. Take advantage. 60 best clover
$4.50; 28 $2.25. 60 clover and Fall flowers

mixed (good flavor) $3.30. Not prepaid. 10
clover postpaid $1.50. Remember, honey
builds health. Refined sugars may not.
Satisfaction guaranteed. F. W. LESSER,
Fayetteville, N. Y.

FINEST QUALITY new maple syrup, $2.25
per gallon; $1.25 half gallon delivered.
D. T. BARNARD & SONS, Shelburne Falls,
Massachusetts.

ORANGES OF quality, tree ripened, $1 bu.

Mixed, half grapefruit 85 cents. A. D.
EDWARDS, Lake Como, Florida.

BEST BUCKWHEAT or amber honey, 60 lbs.

$2.90. NELSON BROS. APIARIES, 9012
S. Military Road, Niagara Falls. N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Kiddies like honey. FRANK MAN¬
CHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HAVILAND’S ORANGE marmalade. A de¬
lectable tangy delight made from an old
Scotch -English formula, 4(4 lbs. (net) $1.35
postpaid. Send check or money order — or we
will send C.O.D. Send for it today. HANNAH
& STANLEY HAVILAND, D-l, New
Gretna, N. J.

BUTTERNUT MEATS 85c per lb.; 2 lbs.

$1.50; 5 lbs. $3.50. Pecan halves 1 lb. 70c;
2 lbs. $1.35; 5 lbs. $3.25. Broken pieces 58c
lb. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

GUARANTEED PURE maple products, quart
syrup, 2 pounds soft sugar and 1 pound
brick sugar all for $1.80 prepaid third zone.
Price list. DEANE HATCH, Hartland Four
Corners, Vt.

1941 PURE MAPLE syrup $2.25 gallon; $1.15
one-half gallon. Maple cream, 2-lb. pail
$1.10. Sugar cakes 45c lb. HUGH MacLAURY,
Harpersfield, N. Y.

THAT HEAVY bodied, delicate flavored
maple syrup is still $2 per gallon from
SHEOMET FARM, Winchester, Cheshire
County, New Hampshire.

FINE HONEY, liquid. 60 lb. can. here,
mixed clover $3.80; clover $4.80; (two $9).
Fall flower $3.30; 10 lbs. delivered, mixed
and buckwheat $1.40; clover $1.75. RAY
WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y. -

Miscellan eous

WANTED — Power lawn mower, good con¬

dition. ADVERTISER 1480, care Rural
New-Y orker.

WITTE TREE saw, almost new, with pulley
for belt; $65. CARL KALLENBACH,
Sykesville, Md.

BEES — Northern-bred Italian or Caucasian,
3-lb. package with queen $3.25; 2 lbs. $2.50.
Start shipping May 5th. HARRY CONNER,
Stockton, N. J.

FOR SALE, No. 3 American Heacock saw¬
mill, four head blocks, four-foot saw in
good condition; $250. LAWRENCE J. SMITH,
Box 222, South River, N. J.

FOR SALE, 110V, 800W, DC Kohler plant;

DC iron, Norge refrigerator, washing
machine almost new; $350 cash, or will sell
plant separately. CARL BOORECH, St.
Petersburg, Pa.

WANTED — Shallow well electric pump with
tank. REDMAN, 110 West 40th St.,
New York City.

WANTED — Two sets of French Burr stones
complete. State price, size and condition.
ARTHUR MATSON, 223 Farmington Ave..
Plainville, Conn.

70 QUILTS $4, $30. Aprons, rugs; quilting
done. Circular. VERA FULTON, Gallipolis,
Ohio. e,

WANTED — Small saw mill and 15 or 20 inch
planer. State price in first letter. S.
MEYER, 2977 Webster Ave., Bronx, N. Y.

WILL TRADE, need large used trailer truck
m good condition. Have fruit trees, etc.
to offer. E. M. Bush, Manchester, Conn.

Why your
chicks need
Vitamin E

Agricultural experiment stations
have shown that without vitamin E in the
egg, there can be no hatchability. Since
baby chicks depend so much upon vita¬
min E before being hatched, it follows
that the very life of the chicks after being
hatched also depends upon vitamin E.

To be sure your chicks have enough
vitamin E to live and grow normally and
healthfully, add four ounces of ADM
Wheat Germ Oil, the richest natural

source of vitamin E, to a 12-quart pail of
your regular starting mash. (Enough for
100 chicks for 2 weeks.) Thereafter feed
only mashes that have the ADM tag on
the bag, indicating they have been forti¬
fied with ADM Wheat Germ Oil.

FREE! An authoritative new article on
"Vitamin E and the Baby Chick,” which
recently appeared in an important farm
paper, is yours for the asking. Write
today to. Dept. 4-22.

ARCHER- DANIELS-MIDLAND COMPANY

Specialties Division • Minneapolis, Minnesota

294

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

April 19. 1941

Wonderful Success

Raising Baby Chicks

Mrs. Rhodes’ letter will no doubt be of ut¬
most interest to poultry raisers who have
had serious losses raising baby chicks.
Read her experience in her own words :

“Dear Sir: I see reports of so many
losing their little chicks so thought I
would tell my experience. My chicks,
when but a few days old, began to die by
the dozens. I tried different remedies
and was about discouraged with the
chicken business. Finally I sent to the
Walker Remedy Company, Waterloo,
Iowa, for a 50c box of Walko Tablets.
They’re just the only thing to keep the
chicks free from disease. I raised 700
thrifty, healthy chicks and never lost a
single chick after the first dose.” — Mrs.
Ethel Rhodes, Shenandoah, Iowa.

Danger of Infection Among
Baby Chicks

Readers are warned to exercise every
sanitary precaution and beware of infec¬
tion in the drinking water. Baby chicks
must have a generous supply of pure
water. Drinking vessels harbor germs.
Drinking water often becomes infected
with disease germs and may spread dis¬
ease through your entire flock and cause
the loss of half or two-thirds your hatch
before you are aware. Don’t wait until
you lose half your chicks. Use pre¬
ventive methods. Give Walko Tablets in
all drinking water from the time chicks
are out of the shell and you won’t lose
one where you have lost dozens before.

You Run No Risk

WALKER REMEDY COMPANY

Dept. 696, Waterloo, Iowa

Kerr Chicks come from a great laying an¬
cestry, bred for laying for 33 years. Proved
by winnings at leading Egg-laying Con¬
tests. All contest birds raised on Kerr's
own breeding farm. 120,000 breeders care¬
fully culled, banded and blood-tested by
the tube agglutination method. Sex-sepa¬
rated chicks. Start right by writing us now
for free literature and advance order dis¬
count offer.

Kerr Chickeries

.19 RAILROAD AVE., FRENCHTOWN, N. J.

There’s a branch office near you — call today
NEW JERSEY: Jamesburg, Paterson, Woodbury;
NEW YORK: Binghamton, Blue Point, L. I., East
Syracuse, Kingston, Middletown, Schenectady;
PENNSYLVANIA: Dunmore, Lancaster, Lewistown;
MASS.: West Springfield: CONN.: Danbury; DEL¬
AWARE: Selbyville. (Address Dept. 19.)

CONTENT FARM(

fa S. C. WHITE LEGHORNSl!

Our strain is bred for heavy production of large
eggs with excellent livability. 250 eggs or better,
double pedigrees back of every male used.
Pullorum Clean flock. No reactors. Write for
free Catalog. Telephone 89-J.

CONTENT FARMS, BOX R, CAMBRIDGE. N. Y.

Bnumc MOHR'S CHICKS

Cash or C. O. D. Post Paid Unsexed Pits Ckls

95% True to Sex 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks. R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Buff Orps., W. Wy., N. H. Reds _ 7.50 10.50 6.50

Jersey White Giants . 9.00 12.00 9.00

Lamonas (Dual Purpose Breed) . 10.00 20.00 4.00

Heavy Mixed. ,$5.75-100; Heavy Cockerels. .$6.00-100.

All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

A. W. ULSH'S CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.50 $2.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

N. H. Reds, W. Wy.. Bf. Orps... 7.50 10.50 7.50

H. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Post'pd. Sex 95% ac.

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

MEAD0WBR00K/To» LEGHORNS

270-830 egg R O. P. Bloodtested Breeders.

SIRED CHICKS $8-100. - Cockerels 200-S3.00

Pullets (95%) $15.45-100; Pullets 4 weeks. $35.-100.

MEADOWBROOK POULTRY FARM, R 9, RICHFIELD, PA.

Publisher’s D esk

I have heard of the wonderful
things you do for people. So I was
wondering if you could help me out
in my case. A short while ago I re¬
ceived a letter from International
Trustees of 217 East 3rd St., Des
Moines, Iowa stating that they were
holding cash money in trust for the
“above named person.” Along with
this letter came a question sheet
which I filled out immediately and
sent back. A few days ago I received
a penny from this concern which I
suppose was supposed to be the
money held in trust for me. What
I would like to know is there any
such a concern as this International
Trustees and is there anything that
I can do about the case. Personally
1 don’t think much of it. v. o. K.

New York

There are a number of concerns
working similar plans. They are
what are called “skip tracer” or¬
ganizations. Debtors move and leave
no address and this company by
sending out circulars and question¬
naires to people of the same or similar
names hope to unearth the original
debtor. To make the plan seem more
plausible after the questionnaire is
returned to them the International
Trustees send a card acknowledging
the response and say “Attached above
is the penny that was held in trust
for you. This is the full amount that
was held in trust in your name.”
Sometimes it is a fully prepaid pack¬
age that is being held, but the
sole aim is to locate a de¬
linquent debtor. We suggest the
fire for such literature. If you re¬
ceive a card or letter saying a sum
of money is being held for you, don’t
lose any sleep over it. You may get
the penny, and you may not.

The Rochester Better Business
Bureau reports that they have re¬
ceived over 200 inquiries since the
first of the year regarding “bargain”
insurance offered by mail. They refer
to the following companies: Arcadia
Mutual Casualty, Chicago, Ill.; Bank¬
ers Life and Casualty Co., Chicago,
Ill.; George Rogers Clark Insurance
Co., Rockford, Ill.; Guarantee Re¬
serve Insurance Co., Indianapolis,
Ind.; Guarantee Trust Life Insurance
Co., Chicago, Ill.; National Protective
Life Insurance Co., Kansas City, Mo.;
Postal Life and Casualty Co., Kansas
City, Mo.; Sterling Insurance Co.,
Chicago, Ill., and United Insurance
Co., Chicago, Ill. They say further
that these companies are not licensed
to do business in New York State
and those buying insurance in this
manner forfeit the protection of the
New York State Insurance Depart¬
ment. In case of dispute regarding
payment of claims, it would be
necessary to file suit in the State in
which the company is licensed. (In
some policies the company pro¬
vides that service will be accepted
by mail). Most of the above organi¬
zations are assessment associations
and the policies are “very limited”
in their coverage. We have more
than 200 inquiries a week about
these companies and we have re¬
ferred to some of them in this column
on different occasions, but we publish
the reference now from the Rochester
Bureau to emphasize the importance
of understanding the full significance
of these policies.

We bought through Baldwin and
Company’s agent M. Platt, a very
smooth talker, some common stock in
the People’s Home Journal. Are they
still in business? I never received
one cent back in interest. I had to
work hard for the money invested
and it seems a shame to bleed folks
that way. v. f. g.

New Hampshire

We are sorry to report that we
cannot find anything that would in¬
dicate that there was any value to
this stock. We are advised that the
parties active in the sale of the stock
were charged with fraudulent prac¬
tices and misrepresentation of assets.
A receiver was appointed but the
Peoples’ Home Journal was insolvent
and it was reported that because of
lack of funds the paper was not
published in October and November
1929 and January 1930. We know
of no market for the stock.

When possible will you please pub¬
lish any information you can give
the public about radio contests
being given at the present time for
winning cars, large cash awards,
bonds and annuities. I have numerous
friends who have faithfully tried
these contests put forth by nationally
known products, and manufacturers,
and never has one of them won a
thing nor have any of them ever
known personally of anyone of their
acquaintance winning. I have seen
so many hopes dashed, over a period
of years, concerning these types of
contests where the contestant is
asked to send a products’ wrapper
together with 25 words or less, why
they like that product. I wonder if
that isn’t their way of getting a small
boom in sales plus a lot of advertis¬
ing ideas. I am sure that there are
many people who would like to know.
I have read your Publisher’s Desk
for several years and through a letter
from one of your other readers,
found that a wholesale egg dealer
in New York to whom we had ship¬
ped once or twice was not to be
trusted, thereby saving us a great
deal of trouble and money — for
which I wish to expres my thanks
for your service. mrs. f. s. r.

New York

These contests, we believe, are
entirely above board and conducted
fairly and the various companies
live up to the rules of the contest
as given out in the radio and in
the press. They are, however, purely
advertising campaigns and while we
have read of people who make a
living on contests we have never met
one. A contest of this kind is a
gamble because all cannot win but
you take a chance that your answer
will be the successful one. You have
the fun of trying and it is all on the
lap of the gods whether or not you
will be the winner.. If you win, you
are “lucky” and if you do not you
have the product you bought in order
to get the label or wrapper to send
with your entry. There are thousands
answering each contest and some
must lose and experience has taught
us to be philosophical about the re¬
sults, knowing there is only one
chance in a thousand that one will
be one of the successful contestants.
It is worth considerable to the adver¬
tiser because each one who par¬
ticipates must buy the goods adver¬
tised. We are glad the information
in this column was helpful to our
reader and hope it will continue to
be so.

Robert J. Boltz, so-called financial
counselor, was sentenced to a 20-
year term in the penitentiary. He
pleaded guilty to defrauding clients
of more than $1,000,000 and it is
said that the total loss would reach
$2,500,000. His clients entrusted him
with money for investment which he
diverted to his own purposes. He
was charged with 186 indictments
on embezzlement and conversion and
violation of the Pennsylvania securi¬
ties act. He still faces arraignment
on 102 Federal indictments charging
mail fraud and violation of securities
and exchange regulations. Sentence
on these was deferred on Boltz but
it is thought the sentence will be
brought up to 40 years when they
are tried.

We reported the difficulties of the
Gienville Egg Market formerly of
345 East 115th St., New York, which
got egg shipments from producers
and failed to pay for same. Later
they disappeared and still later
creditors were advised that the
Gienville Market was in bankruptcy
and claims should be filed with the
referee. This was done for those
claimants who had sent their claims
to us. The referee now reports that
the case against this debtor is ready
to be closed, and that there were
insufficient funds to pay any divi¬
dends to creditors. Again we urge
our readers to insist upon prompt
payments and if there is delay hold
up the shipments. Precaution may
save loss.

jHJJJSL-

But YOU Can
PROTECT YOUR
FLOCK Against
TRACHEITIS
and FOWL POX
with WENE
U. S. LICENSED
VACCINES

Fowl with
TRACHEITIS
— Photo
Courtesy
\ U. of

Calif.

FREE!

Once pullets are diseased, it is
too late. The cost of vaccina¬
tion is so small, it does not pay
to risk loss of your birds and
egg income.

ACT Vaccination with

"X' „„ WENE U. S.

TODAY. LICENSED vaccines Is easy, simple,
quickly done. Both fowl pox and tracheitis
vaccines may be administered at same time. No shock
or physical setback. Produced by one of America’s
leading pathologists who pioneered in discovery and
development of Tracheitis and Fowl Pox Vaccines at
leading U. S. universities.

A valuable brochure
on poultry diseases,
written by Dr. C. S.
Gibbs, B.S., Ph.D.,
D. V.M., Internation¬
ally known scientist,
veterinarian, and
practical poultry-
man. Write today.

PRICES: WENE Fowl Tracheitis Vaccine (Chick Em¬
bryo Origin) — 100 doses, §2.50; 500 doses, S10.00. WENE
Fowl Pox Vaccine (Chick Embryo Origin) — 100 doses,
75 cents; 500 doses, §3.00. Produced under U. S. Veteri¬
nary License No. 209. issued by U. S. Dept, of Agr.
FREEl BOOK on Poultry Diseases — send postcard.
Dealers Wanted.

WENE POULTRY LABORATORIES
Dept. V415-D, VINELAND, N. J.

BABCOCKS

HEALTHY

CHICKS

W. Leghorns, R. I. Reds,

N. Hampshires, Barred
Rocks, White Rocks, Red-Rock Cross
100% Pullorum Clean

MAKE GREAT LAYERS

REPRODUCERS of America’s finest strains —
Kiniber and Dryden Leghorns; Parmenter B. I.
Beds; Lake Winthrop and Dryden Barred Bocks.
We have invested $10,000 in this stock but sell you
the chicks at reasonable farmer prices you can
afford to pay. We guarantee satisfaction to 30 days
or your money back. We guarantee 95% sexing ac¬
curacy on Leghorn chicks and 98% on Bed-Bock
Cross chicks. Our free catalog is one of the finest
ever printed. Send for it today.

BABCOCK’S HATCHERY

502 Trumansburg Road, • Ithaca, Now York

QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Tuesdays & Thursdays Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% accurate guar. 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. Wh. Leghorns. .. .$6.50 $13.00 $1.50
B. & W. Box, B.I. Beds. Box-Bed Cr. 7.00 10.00 6.50

Special Bred N. H. Beds . 9.00 13.00 6.50

H. Mix $6-100; 100% live del. P. Paid. All Breeders
Blood Tested. Antigen Method. Write for Free
Catalog with actual Photos of our Poultry Plant.

McALISTERVI LLE HATCHERY
Edgar C. Leister, Owner, Box II. McAlisterville, Pa.

GRAYBILL’S chicks

■

Electric Hatched from BLOOD-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OB C. O. D. Non-sex. Pits. Ckls.

Large Type Eng. or Han- 100 100 100

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHOBNS . $6.00 $13.00 $1.50

N. H. BEDS (SPECIAL) . 9.00 13.00 6.00

Barred & White Bocks . 7.00 9.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 5.00

Sexing guar. 95% acc. We pay all postage & guar.
100% live deL 4 wk. old Leg. Pullets 25c ea. Ship¬
ped Exp. Collect. Order direct for immediate ship¬
ment or write for FBEE Photo Cir. & Prices. C. S.
Graybiii Hatchery, Box R, Cocolamus (Juniata Co.) Pa.

CAed£e*, "'yaM&y CAvx\

VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY

CASH OB C. O. D. Non-Sex, Pullets Ckls

Large Type Hanson 100 100 100

S. C. White Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Bocks. R. I. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50

Direct New Hampshire Reds . . 9.00 13.00 6.50

Red-Bock Cross . 7.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 ....

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Sexing Guar. 95%
accurate. Order direct from adv. or write for FREE cat.
Chester Valley Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

SHIRK’S QUALITY CHICKS

From Blood Tested Breeders. Electric Hatched.

PULLETS GUAR. 95% Unsex. Pults. Ckls.

Will ship Cash of C.O.D. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Beds... 7.00 10.00 7.00

Bed-Rock & Rock-Red Cross . 7.00 10.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds (Special).... 9.00 13.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 8.00 5.00

Hatches Tues. & Thur. 100% live del. Prepaid. Order
direct from ad. or write for Free Cir. giving full
details of our Quality Chicks. SHIRK'S HATCHERY,
H. C. Shirk, Prop., Box 52, McAlisterville, Pa.

BABY CHICKS

Sexed or Started

PULLETS and COCKERELS

From Old Hen Breeders. Bugged.
Large Size. Large Eggs, Heavy Lay¬
ing Leghorns. Send for circular.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM
Phope 427 East Moriches, IV. Y.

we-do-it-with-s-q-u-a-b-s

RICE FARM, 205 H. St., MELROSE, MASS.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in your address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address label
on your R. N.-Y,, and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Farm and Dairy Hands Wanted. No cash fees in ad¬
vance. Jobs open. Call all week. Good wages. Establish¬
ed 20 years. QUINN’S EMPLOYMENT AGENCY,
59 Washington Street, New York City

FARMERS — Single and married, milkers, dairymen,
gardeners, couples. Estates and farms. References.

Farmers Bureau Agency, 235 5th Ave., New York City.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box nnmber
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach ns Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advanee of date of issne.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc, |

ACREAGE — Two to 20 acres, $25 acre and
upward. Low monthly terms. SAFRANEK,
Vineland, N. J.

FOR SALE, Madison County farms on a
milk contract; 23 acres, good buildings,
225 acres, running water, electricity. 179
acres on good road. L. L. WALKER, Sheds,
New York.

WELL KNOWN poultry farm and hatchery
for sale, near New York. Established
chick trade; excellent opportunity. ADVER¬
TISER 1413, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 3,000 acre Virginia river farm,
eight room house, stalk barn; $35,000.
218 acres, modern improvements, high class
farm; $20,000. 100 acre farm, eight room

house, two baths; $7,500. J. D. ADDINGTON.
Charlottesville, Va.

COUNTRY STORE and modern house on
Route 29- A; established 60 years. Large gas
business. Clean stock of goods. A money
making proposition. Must sell on account
of health. HOWARD W. KIBBE, owner,
Stratford, N. Y.

SUPER DAIRY farm or cattle ranch, border¬
ing on large lake, *4 mile undeveloped
shore, 300 acres growing alfalfa. Large barn
for 260 stock, three large silos, two tractors
and complete line of farm machinery; main
house 10 rooms, bath, electricity, garage
attached. Tenant house and other build¬
ings. No stock included. Farm is located
IV2 miles from large town, railroad and
buses. $20,000, cash $6,000; photos and com¬
plete details. Have several stocked dairy
farms in all price range. EVERETT KINCH,
Schenevus, N. Y.

BERKSHIRES — Farms $1,000 up; good land
$15 acre; virgin territory for country busi¬
ness; 8-12 miles famous cultural-recreational
country near Stockbridge and Lenox-Tangle-
wood. Ski tows, lakes. BERKSHIRE, licensed
broker, East Chatham, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent, modern dairy farm with
all equipment. No stock. Good location.
ADVERTISER 1567, care Rural New-Yorker.

SALE OR rent, farm near Smithtown, L. I.

ADVERTISER 1574, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Combination poultry-small fruit
or dairy-poultry farm, 50-100 acres. A-l
shape. No agents. Details first letter. AD¬
VERTISER 1575, care Rural New Yorker.

WANTED — Country store, near city.
ECONOMOS, 136 15th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED TO buy small house, 5 acres,
within one hour of New York City. Im¬
provements not necessary. ANNA GUSTAF¬
SON, 1310 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

300 ACRES, big, modern, stocked (74 head)
dairy. $2,000 monthly income. Everything
$38,000. Other North Jersey farms. 348 acres
$25,000. 330 acres, stone mansion, other

houses, big barns, $28,000, etc. Bergen
County poultry farm, iy2 acres to 12, mod¬
ern Colonial, 7 rooms, oil burner, etc.; hen¬
houses for 1,000; fine road, near Erie main¬
line. Ideal for commuter; $7,700. STAEHLIN,
Farm Specialists, (hundreds North Jersey
farms) , 275 Madison Ave., Paterson, N. J.

FOR SALE, two 100-acre adjoining farms.

SHEPARD, New Albany, Bradford County,
Pennsylvania.

CABIN OR shack wanted. BOX 9, Wood-
side, New York.

DAIRY FARM, stocked, equipped; tourist
cabins, lake, gas station, excellent home.
Vermont U. S. 5. Exceptional property. Good
income; sell or exchange. ADVERTISER
1579, care Rural New-Yorker.

SEE ME before you buy! Lowest prices in
Orange County^ near Middletown. Dairy
farms, poultry, truck, fruit and small farms;
boarding houses, camps, cabins, gas sta¬
tions, stores, lakes. “DOC” BENTON, Otis-
ville, N. Y. Free list.

FARMS IN Finger Lake country. Farm of 47
acres, 10-room house, barn, other buildings;
about 2*4 miles from large village (Sheffield
and Borden plants). Price $1,200; terms.

Farm of 85 acres, large house and barn,
other buildings. Running water to milk
house. Three miles from village (Sheffield
and Borden plants). Price $1,700; terms.

Farm 106 acres on state road, three miles
from large village (milk stations). Bus to
central school; 12-room house, barn 30x98.
horse barn, poultry house, other buildings.
Running water to buildings, electricity
available, two streams. Price $2,000; terms.
HILL REALTY COMPANY, Mrs. A. C.
McIntosh, representative, Locke, N. Y.

SUMMER HOME or farm near Groton. Ex¬
cellent location, good conditions. Write
GEORGE DURGlN, Townsend Harbor, Mass.

FOR SALE, retail milk route situated in
county seat, including good farm, 19 head
cattle, team horses, all farm implements;
$3,000 cash. Selling on account ill health.
ADVERTISER 1590, care Rural New-Yorker.

5,000 TREE apple orchard for sale or lease
m whole or part. Halfway between
Boston and Providence. BENJAMIN C.
TOWER, realtor, 45 Milk St., Boston, Mass.

FOR SALE or rent, 3J/2 acre poultry farm
in Huntington, L. I. House and buildings
in good condition. ADVERTISER 1595, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, gas station, electric pumps,
lunchstand, 6-room bungalow, all con¬
veniences, including Delco oil heat, 2-car
garage, 3 acres land, corner property
on state highway; $3,500. NELSON BEEBE,
owner, Petersburg, N. J.

38 ACRES, house, barn, improvements; 1!

acres woods, gravel pit. ADVERTISEI
1560, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, Route 6, Cape Cod 7-acre market
garden farm; small greenhouse, 5-room
cottage. Post Office building, and roadside
stand. Price $3,200. DILL & CHASE,
Eastham, Mass.

NEAR NATION’S capital, brick hotel, situ¬
ated on country’s heaviest traveled north-
south highway. Hotel may also draw from
large military reservations nearby. Building
has 15 bedrooms, running water in each; 4
baths, dining room, lobby, office, storage
room and other facilities. Completely fur¬
nished; 2-acre corner tract; service station;
6-cqr garage; one cottage and space for
more. Price $25,000. GREEN & MAGRUDER,
2840 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia.

SUBURBAN STORE with Post Office, $1,500.

Also poultry farm 2,000 capacity, $3,900.
GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

FOR RENT, small furnished cottage for one
or two. Ten minutes walk to station,
stores. Massapequa, Long Island. Write, R.
COURTNEAY, Factoryville, Penna.

WANT TO rent may buy, small furnished
house or bungalow for Summer. Good
condition, village farm, near neighbors; 2
to 10 acres. Full particulars first letter. Long
Island preferred. Address ADVERTISER
1600, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO rent small farm with option
to buy, on main road, good water, electri¬
city. State location and condition; must be
reasonable. Write, JOHN FANDEL. 789
East 158th St., Bronx New York City.

WANT TO buy dairy farm, 150 acres 01-
more. Stocked, equipped, good soil and
buildings. County of Cayuga, Seneca, Cort¬
land, Tioga, Schuyler, Steuben. Must be
reasonable. OTTO KAHN, 3904 5th Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

10 ACRES, 7 rooms, new brick house, all
improvements, oil burner, 2-car garage.
Commuting hour New York; Central Rail¬
road of New Jersey. Price $7,000. The house
and about 2 acres $5,500. ADVERTISER
1562, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARM, 160 acres, 27 head of stock,
machinery, good house, $6,500; part cash.
VERMANN, Coxsackie, N. Y.

WANTED — Isolated, unfurnished small house,
or cabin; habitable year-round. Low
monthly rental. Gentleman (beginner)
writer. ADVERTISER 1604, care Rural New-
Yorker.

NEAR NEWBURGH New York, Orang
County; one acre, seven rooms, bath
garage, fruit; state road. Terms. ADVER
TISER 1611, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, Long Island dairy, house with
improvements. Good milk house. Barn for
46 cows. Milk check averages $1,400 per
month; terms. ADVERTISER 1568, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SALE AT $8,000. Will take small North¬
eastern farm as part payment. Income
property. Plot 100x327. Furnished two family
house and new four room bungalow. Two
cabins. On famous No. 1 (Dixie) Highway at
Daytona Beach. P. O. BOX 381, Daytona
Beach, Florida.

FOR SALE, 60 acre farm, 3 (2 miles fror

Jhep,cltr1!!nits of Syracuse, N. Y. Rou
290. Electricity, water, good land for fru:
and vegetables. Fine location and scenery
Price $7,000. EVA OSBORN, R. F. D 1
East Syracuse N. Y.

40 ACRE dairy farm, l‘/2 miles from Putnar

City. State road. Including three cows, on
horse, poultry, machinery, seven room hous<
barn, garage; price $3,200. Bargam at th£

racine fak

WANTED SMALL farm, 2 to 15 acres, im¬
provements; near Poughkeepsie. Write full
particulars. CARLSON, 463 Dean St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Kh.Nl FOR Summer months, country hom
one mile from town, 10 miles from Dele
ware Bay. Eight rooms, bath electricity
MRS. G. A. SWANSON, Milford, Delawan

CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS county high¬
way dairy farm. Choice of markets for
all farm products. 134 acres, well balanced.
9-room reconditioned Colonial home. New
84 ft. gambrel roofed modern dairy barn,
overhead drive, 32 swing stanchions, water
buckets, electricity, piped spring water.
$8,500. Investigate long-term payment plan.
Free illustrated description. FEDERAL LAND
BANK, Springfield, Mass.

VILLAGE FARM of 75 acres, good buildings,
level land, electricity, stock and tools;
for sale or exchange on easy terms. BOX
13, Sheds, N. Y.

A-l, 360 acre dairy farm, new 36x126 Star-
line equipped dairy barn, hot and cold
water, air conditioned, modern 9- room house,
bath, furnace, fireplace, 4-car garage, com-
Plete outbuildings, tenant house, 50 head
registered Jersey and Holstein cows and 10
head young stock worth $10,000; right now
$8,000 worth tools (list on request). Farm
shows $8,819.96 net profit for fiscal year,
making more than total cost of farm and
equipment every 3 years. Price everything
$25,000; suitable terms to reliable 'party.
Communicate direct with FLOYD KENYON
Deposit, N. Y., owner or United Real
Estate, Triangle, N. Y.

BARGAIN — 150 acre farm, good buildings,
all farm machinery; estimated 300,000 ft.
timber. Price only $3,000, half cash. R. S.
ARMSTRONG, Winchendon, Mass.

FOR RENT, on Delaware River, poultry
farm, barns, garage, 10-room house, bath,
excellent condition. MRS. WALTER
CONKLIN, Chester, N. Y.

FOR SALE, dairy farm consisting of ap¬

proximately 73 acres, stocked. Six miles
north of Kingston, N. Y. Short distance to
haul milk. ADVERTISER 1627, care Rural
New-Yorker.

DELAWARE STATE

farms, from $1,000
STUCHLIK AGENCY,

poultry and dairy
up; easy terms.
Milton, Delaware.

60 COW farm, located one mile from
Oneonta. 2 houses, large barn, 32 acres
new seeding. 210 acres, $7,500. 90 acre farm,
$1,800; $500 down. Others. BUNNELL,

West St., Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 292 acre Franklin County dairy
farm on improved road. All tillable, trac¬
tor worked, in high state of cultivation.
Free from stones, completely fenced. All
new buildings, double tenant house; 2 large
cement silos; 220x34 ft. T-barn with 110
Holstein cattle. Owner wishes to retire.
Write JOHN F. FALLON, Constable, N. Y.

35 ACRE chicken farm on Long Island for
rent or sale. Modern buildings. Must
act quickly for sacrifice. ADVERTISER
1620, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE MODERN suburban Jersey
home for operating poultry farm. AD¬
VERTISER 1622, care Rural New-Yorker.

130 ACRE Fulton County farm, good land,
comfortable buildings, brook, springs;
$2,500. ADVERTISER 1630, care Rural New-
Yorker.

ONE ACRE, 7-room house, paved road,
electricity available. $500; half cash. 130
acres, bordering lake, paved road, modern
buildings, improvements, 25 stock, team,
tractor, machinery; $8,600; half cash.
STARKWEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta,
New York.

190 ACRE dairy farm, nice buildings, 28
head stock, tractor and equipment; $5,500.
BUNNELL, 11 West St., Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE or trade, large modern farm,
located near Binghamton. Well equipped.
ADVERTISER 1634, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE or exchange, six acres of land
with house in fair condition; on good
road near Margaretville. Will sell at sacri¬
fice. ADVERTISER 1635, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FOR SALE, country hardware and Esso
station. Doing fine business now. On
main route between Kingston and Oneonta.
Write for ful particulars. ADVERTISER
1636, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE or rent, modern 12-room house,
furnished. Ideal for convalescent home;
none other here; chance of lifetime for
doctor or nurse. A. M. LINNEY, 47 High¬
land Ave., Old Orchard Beach, Maine.

FOR SALE in the village of Hastings-on-

Hudson, N. Y., corner property 75x100
with house attached; suitable for apartments
or party commuting to New York City. Ap¬
ply to JAMES McGREGOR, 18 Echo Ave.,
New Rochelle, N. Y.

FOR SALE, A-l farm, stock and tools, 200
acres on state road. Two-family house,
milk route, egg route. Hartford, Norwich,
New London markets; electricity. Protes¬
tants preferred. 1,000 hens, 1,800 chicks all
ages. ADVERTISER 1643, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED FARM or farming acreage, with

or without buildings, by farmer, for
general farming. Upward to about 100 acres,
well divided, into fertile, tractor workable
tillage, pasture, woodland. Must have year-
round strong flowing trout stream crossing
property. Must be within 3 hours easy
motoring to New York City. Give full de-
scription, location, best price, terms, in first
Yorker ADVERTISER 1647, care Rural New-

W^JED_^2*- to 40 acres> 5 or 6 room house,

good condition, conveniences, ample water

r?t-vS°xri r°vd’ , withi?T 120 miles ^ew York
New York or New Jersey only. Give

R,!™rN?“vorr'icerADVERTISER 165»- c"e

Help Wanted

W#nNJEDd~+Men in Pennsylvania and New
England to represent The Rural New-
Yorker. Must have car. Steady work with
» Tearmngs. References. Write THE
N™AYo,kEa|ORKER' 333 West I«h S,E

DAIRYMAN — Experienced, married, 3-time

<, ,Hols,telns. A- R. and herd tesh

Small modern tenant cottage; privileges S60
Good opportunity for advancement if satis-
factory and permanent; good working con-
ditions. PENDELLA FARMS, Newtown, Pa.

WOMAN FOR housework, Protestant. No
„ cookmg, pleasant country farm home
MRS. ARTHUR SEAVER, Smithtown Branch,
Long Island, N. Y.

YOUNG MAN to do garden work and helD

n™^farTm- S?AVEr FARM, Smithtown
Branch, Long Island, N. Y.

WANTED — Married man, small family;

good dry-hand milker. No liquor; good
wages. ADVERTISER 1492, care Rural New-
Y orker.

P9,yLTRYMAN — Experienced, Protestant

Write stating age, height, weight, experi-
ence, and salary expected. ADVERTISER
1493, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED— Family with three good milkers
to take charge of large dairy farm. Good
wages to right party. Only willing workers
need apply. G. W. HINMAN, Madison, N. Y.

FOULTRYMAN — Thoroughly experienced in
raising large sized flocks of broilers. Write
full particulars first letter. SEAVER FARM,
Smithtown Branch, Long Island.

WANTED — Girl for general housework; ex¬
perience not necessary. Girl from rural
section preferred. BOX 613, Hawthorne,
New York.

FARMER AND milk driver, $50, house,
milk, plus commission; Southeastern

Pennsylvania. ADVERTISER 1564, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farmer to work farm on shares.

Rensselaer County. ADVERTISER 1565,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged Protestant single man
as dairyman; also a Protestant man and
wife, no dependents. To have charge of
cottage at The Boys’ Industrial Home,
Oakdale, Pennsylvania. Write the Super¬
intendent, W. R. McMUNN.

COUPLE — Pouftryman, handy, care 3,000
layers, 1,800 young stock, 10-acre farm.
Woman to clean eggs. Modern 4-room apart¬
ment. Eggs, chickens and vegetables fur¬
nished; $60 a month. AMWELL POULTRY
FARM, R. F. D. No. 1, Somerville, N. J.

COUPLE WITHOUT children wanted by
business executive and family of three,
making year round residence on 75 acre
farm at Cazenovia, N. Y. Woman for cook¬
ing and general housework. Man for out¬
side work, should have experience, general
farming. Comfortable quarters. State quali¬
fications and salary wanted. ADVERTISER
1621, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, AGE 25-54, light cooking.

Child 5 years. Business couple $20-$25
start. State experience and snapshot. AD¬
VERTISER 1561, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED FARMER, experienced dairy
cattle, to operate small Columbia County
farm. Prefer man willing to operate partly
on share basis in time; will cooperate with
willing worker of good character. Small
house, electricity, etc. $50 to start. AD¬
VERTISER 1563, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM COUPLE: Gardener, farmer, handy¬
man and cook-houseworker. All con¬
veniences; other help. Good home for good
people. State age, experiences, references,
wages. M. HARPER, Newtown, Pa.

EXPERIENCED WORKING manager, clean,
dependable, 40- cow dairy farm. Compe¬
tent milk production, machinery. Start $75,
furniture, telephone, electricity, fuel fur¬
nished. No small children. Wife to board
several men, $30 each. VICTOR EPPSTEIN,
Pottstown, Pa.

SINGLE FARMER, at once, experienced
milker, willing worker, neat, good habits.
$40 and board, year round job. VICTOR
EPPSTEIN, Pottstown, Pa.

GOOD MILKER, handy with machinery;

$50 monthly. ADVERTISER 1571, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER WANTED, cheerful, capable,
middleaged woman. Six room modern
house, family 2 adults, 2 children. No
laundry work. ADVERTISER 1572. care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two farm boys, out of school,
on farm. PAUL FUST SHEEPPEN,
Unadillla, N. Y.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, sleep in. Doc¬
tor’s home, 2 in family; $40. Must be
.. illing. Write stating age. DR. V. FANONI,
51 N. Regent St., Portchester, N. Y.

BUSINESS COUPLE want woman, care of
5 year old boy and small household.
Connecticut. Write full particulars, age and
salary expected. ADVERTISER 1576, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man . on dairy farm, must
be good milker and have driving license.
L. L. WALKUP, Westboro, Mass.

MAN WANTED for general farm work,
tractor driver; steady job, good wages.
State experience and wages expected in
first letter. PEACE DAIRY FARM, Lebanon,
New Jersey.

COUPLE — Woman must be good cook.

laundress, chambermaid. Man: houseman,
serve, care lawn, furnace, car, etc. Family
two adults, son and daughter; home college
vacations. State references, experience and
wages desired. BOX 98, Geneva, N. Y.

WANTED — Steady dependable married man,
for general farm. Experienced with team,
tractor, cows; milking machine used; per¬
manent. Available immediately. Near Phila¬
delphia. Tenant house two miles from farm
with all conveniences. Chicken house, garden
and milk furnished. Near school and
churches. $65 per month with chance of
advancement. Personal interview necessary.
School of Horticulture. ADVERTISER 1577,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Competent couple, small country
home. Cook and houseworker; gardener
and handyman. Furnished cottage and
board. POST BOX 266, Richfield Springs,
New York.

WANTED ON small dairy farm, middleaged
man, willing worker, agreeable, preferring
good home, low wages. BOX 283, Windham,
Greene County, New York.

RELIABLE, PROTESTANT, middleaged
housekeeper; modern farm home. Must be
capable full charge. Preferring good home
to high wages. German preferred. WILLIAM
KOSCHARA, Box 141, Selden, Long Island.

WANTED — A housekeeper for general house
work; three adults in family. GEO. W.
PETERS, R. 2, Callicoon, N. Y.

WANTED — Middleaged man, experienced in
poultry management for South Jersey re¬
tail feed store. Write ADVERTISER 1580,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WOMAN UNDER 40, general houseworker;

country. Send snapshot if possible. $50.
STREETER, R. D. 2, Norwalk, Conn.

GARDENER-FARMER, age 35 to 45; care
and exercise few horses, possibly some
driving on farm-estate. Far Hills, N. J.
Comfortable living room, kitchen, bedroom,
balh; heat and light furnished; salary $85.
Extra housework for wife if desired. Per¬
manent position for competent and respon¬
sible party. Write detailed qualifications and
experience to ADVERTISER 1582, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Cook, houseworker, laundry. Man:

Gardener, handy with tools, drive car
occasionally. No children. 50 miles New
York City. Small place. Good position for
right couple. ADVERTISER 1584, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MOTHER’S HELPER, good disposition, neat
appearance. Own room. No cooking. $30
monthly start. Write giving references.
JAMEISON, 26 DuPont Ave., White Plains,
New York.

PROTESTANT COUPLE, no children; house-
keeper and man to care for two saddle
horses and lawn. Must be reliable, sober
and in good health. Pleasant, year-round
work; full maintenance and $50 monthly to
start. Please give references, age and ex¬
perience in first letter. Located near Utica.
N. Y. ADVERTISER 1585, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Boy 15-17, can milk and do
general farm work. No smoking. JACOB
W. PALHEMUS, Flemington, N. J.

RELIABLE HOUSEKEEPER, small apart-
ments; one child. Pleasant surroundings.
State salary. BRODSKY, First Ave., Spring
Valley, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED FARMER, good teamster,
handy, milk cows, drive car; good home,
$30 monthly. A. POLSTER, Callicoon, N. Y.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 292.

Never Again . . .

A Chilly Home!

INSTALL A UTICA HEATING SYSTEM NOW . . .

NO PAYMENT UNTIL OCTOBER!

Never again need you have a chilly home or suffer incon¬
venience in winter. You can enjoy the comfort of a modern
Utica Radiator Heating System now . And you don’t have to
pay a cent until October — and then have as long as 3 years
to pay — and as little as $10 a month. Don’t miss this unusual
opportunity to be sure of a warm . . . comfortable home for
years to come on these easy terms.

Burn Coal, Oil or Wood

With a modern Utica Radiator Heating System you can burn
coal, oil or wood with equal efficiency. Our trained Author¬
ized UTICA Dealers offer you a free analysis and free cost
estimate — without obligation to you. Mail the coupon today.

NO down payment
> 3 YEARS TO PAY

AS tow AS $10 A MONTH

Utica Radiators
Give Comfortable Heat

FREE HEATING ESTIMATE - Mail Coupon

PLUS THIS

GUARANTEE

This bond is your assurance that
the materials are highest quality
and that your heating system is in¬
stalled in accordance with the best
installation practice.

Authorized
UTICA DEALERS
EVERYWHERE

PASTE
ON

PENNY
POSTCARD

UTICA RADIATOR

CORPORATION
UTICA, N.Y.

UTICA RADIATOR CORP. ▼

Dept. R-5. Utica, N.Y.

Gentlemen: Please have your nearest Authorized Utica Dealer
give me an estimate on the cost of installing a Utica Heating
System. It is understood this places me under no obligation.

Name . . . . . ■■ . .

Address . . . . .

City . . * . State . .

(Please Print or Write Plain.y)

fo tike 7a&7& wSez-ov tike /ot/

Dept. N.

THE COLLINS COMPANY,
Collinsville, Conn.

I want a copy of "The Axe”.

Name . . .

Address .

Timbermen whose livelihood
depends on their axes pick Collins
for the "big woods”. When you
grab a Collins Axe and start in on
your woodlot, you’re going to like
the way this axe cuts in deep with
every stroke . . . the result of per¬
fect balance and straight eye built
into every Collins Axe. The per¬
fect steel and temper of a Collins
means lifetime service on any farm.

FREE AXE BOOK! Send the coupon for the

newest Collins book for farmers — ’'The Axe”
— it’s packed with suggestions to take some
of the hard labor out of your woods work.

Illustrated is the "Yankee”
— popular among New
Yorkers for years. Ask
your hardware dealer for
Collins Axes, Hatchets,
Picks, Bush Hooks and
Hoes.

SELL YOUR BABY CHICKS
AT A PROFIT

If you have a surplus of baby chicks this season it will pay you to run an advertisement
In these columns. Tell our 300,000 readers about your stock, and you will find it easy to
do business with them. Write for rates and information to POULTRY DEPARTMENT,
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 333 W. 30th St., New York City.

BRAND-NEW,
GRAND NEW
CATALOG!

Finest implement catalog ever printed. 48 big
pages, 813 x 11. 136 big, detailed photographs
show what Planet Jr. implements do and how
they do it. Clear, concise descriptions of seeders,
cultivators, fertilizer-distributors, steels— for all
crops, soils, and types of farms and gardens. Save
time, work, and money. Write for new, big cata¬
log today. S. L. Allen & Co., Inc., 3439 North
Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Also Makers of
Planet Jr. Tractors. Catalog on reauest.

Planet Jr.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS

CHAW

£7du-allV V

GARDEN and SMALL
FARM TRACTOR

(Small glzes, for
gardens and lawns.

) Larger sizes do ALL:

[JOBS on small 1
i farm — small jobs.’
on FARMS,

walk or ride ; sizes
% to 8 H P. Write for Factory prices — Free Catalog.

SHAW MFG. CO., 4704 Front St., Galesburg, Kans.

5812-F Magnolia Ave., Chicago. III.; 130-F West 42nd St,
New York City; 668-F North 4th Street, Columbus. Ohio

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

'T'HE book relates many of his unusual exper-
■4 iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It is an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of the family.

Price $2.75 Postpaid
New Ycrk City residents add 2% for Sales Tax
For Sale Bj)

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

Western New York News

Horticulture

Apprehension is felt in Western
New York among grape juice manu¬
facturers that the tax which was
levied on grape juice in 1918 is apt
to be revived. Communications have
been sent to Washington opposing
the tax.

The “X disease” is said to be
threatening peacnes grown in the
rich Seneca Lake fruit belt. The
disease apparently spreads from wild
choke cherry trees and makes peach
trees appear in August as if they had
been hit by October frosts. The
following year the tree dies. Farm¬
ers are being urged to remove all
choke cherry trees within 400 feet
of the orchards.

Fourteen Orleans County 4-II
Club members will receive 1,000
trees each from the Conservation
Department on April 22. They will
be planted on waste and unused
land. The plantings will bring the
total in Orleans County to 93,000
trees since 1938.

Muckland onion growers near Elba
are happy over the price of onions
which has advanced more than 100
per cent recently from $1 to $2 per
hundredweight. The growers’ good
fortune is due to the fact they were
farsighted enough to place nearly
800 carloads of onions in storage.
The $2 is still holding after return¬
ing approximately $200,000 to the
muckland growers.

Scientists at the State Experiment
Station at Geneva released huge
quantities of parasites of the orien¬
tal fruit moth in Western New York
peach orchards recently, putting into
practice the old adage that “an ounce
of prevention is worth a pound of
cure.”

Cabbage has been bringing as high
as $60 a ton in Onondaga County. At
harvest time last Fall, cabbage sold
for $4 a ton with the government
paying $8.50 for U. S. No. 1 bagged
at the railroad car.

Livestock and Dairy

Cows in the herds of Willard B.
Onderdonk, of Hall, and his daughter
Miss Dorothy Onderdonk, have com¬
pleted official records qualifying them
for admission to the advanced
register of the American Guernsey
Cattle Club. Princess Anne’s Anita
produced 9,987 pounds of milk and
499.5 pounds of butterfat in 293 days,
while Frosty’s Florine of Elmwood
produced in 326 days 9,395.2 pounds
of milk and 463.3 pounds of butterfat.

Twin calves were born on the
Fischer farm near Geneseo to a
grade Guernsey cow. They weighed
69 pounds at birth, exceptionally
heavy for the breed.

To further promote interest in the
sheep and wool industry among
members of the Ontario County 4-H
Club, the Ontario County Sheep
Breeders’ Association is offering $25
in prizes to club members. Ontario
County’s 112 producers of wool pro¬
duced more than 67,000 pounds of
wool last year, the largest in any
county of the State.

Sheep are increasing in popularity
in Yates County with an estimated
25,000 breeding ewes bringing grow¬
ers an annual income of more than
$275,000. Last year was a prosper¬
ous one with wool prices 30 per
cent ahead of 1939.

4-H Club Notes

Two boys and two girls will repre¬
sent New York State’s 32,000 4-H
Club members at the annual gather¬
ing in Washington in June. They
are: Luella Tooley of Antwerp,
Jefferson County; Louise Mullen,
Stafford, Genesee County; Walter
Canshaw of Wilson, Niagara County
and Duane Benedict of Manlius,
Onondaga County. p. b. o.

N. Y. Potato Production Up

According to the most recently pub¬
lished 1940 census figures, New York
State ranks third in the United States
in annual potato production.

In 1940, New York produced 24,-
924,921 bushels of potatoes from
188,672 acres, compared with 21,445,-
436 bushels from 212,400 acres in
1930. Yield per acre over the ten-
year period increased from 101
bushels to 132 bushels.

Maine continued first in the country
with 33,678,069 bushels from 143,221
acres, Idaho was second with 26,605,-
110 bushels from 125,242 acres.

XT' 1 P Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.,

V OI. C. 333 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

- ^ - ' -

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 193S. at the Post CCriO

oEfice at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1S79. lxU. JUu

r* %

_ - 1 •-/ 9 ~\ - - I

H?-*

Photo — Clarence A. Purchase

Mother’s Tree” on the Shores of Lake Antietam, Pa.

298

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 3. 1941

Checking on Annual Apples

By Margaret Nordlie

R. R. H. ROBERTS, professor of
horticulture at the Agricultural
Experiment Station of the
University of Wisconsin at
Madison, has recently com¬
pleted a study of the bearing
tendencies of the McIntosh apple tree. This
article is based upon his observations and
conclusions.

In a three-year survey of trees on one
acre of a regular bearing block of McIntosh,
Dr. Roberts observed a tendency toward
biennial bearing in several cases. He found
much variation in the estimated percentage
of crop for the years of 1937, 1938, and 1939.
One group of 11 trees had 100, 43.5 and
92.7 for the three years respectively. A group
of 8 trees had 100, 63.1, and 88.8. A group
of 6 trees had as the estimated percentage
of crop, 90, 82.5, and 71.7. Another group of
11 trees had crops of 70-85, 72.5, and 70.3
for the three years. Another group of 8 trees
had 30-65, 81.3, and 67.5; and a group of 5

trees had 10-25, 96.0, and 28.0. Clearly some
of the trees were not performing as normal
annuals.

Some definition of terms is advisable at
this point to make the discussion clear and
accurate. Blossom buds are formed terminally
and laterally on shoots. The distinction be¬
tween spurs and shoots used here is that
spurs are generally growths shorter than
about 2V2 inches, and shoots are longer
growths.

The apple fruiting spur has the character¬
istic of producing blossoms once in two years.
When and if all the blossoms of a tree pro¬

duce fruit one year, none of them will the
next year. If only some of the blossoms bear
fruit one year, other blossoms may bear the
next. To secure bearing every year one must
prevent the blossoming of all spurs or the set¬
ting of all blossoms into fruit in the same
year. A heavily blossoming tree usually
means irregular bearing. The best crops are
produced when only from 30 to 60 per cent
of the spurs are blossoming.

Most of the fruit is produced from spurs
which make a seasonal growth of from Vs to
one inch. Spurs of very little seasonal growth,
one to 2/32 of an inch, rarely form blossom
buds. Ones of somewhat longer growth, 2 to
3/32 of an inch, form blossom buds but usually
do not produce fruit. Spurs longer than one
inch usually have terminal leaf buds. Further¬
more, the spurs which produce fruit are
generally slender in diameter.

Two characteristics of the McIntosh are
mainly responsible for the regular bearing of
the tree. One of them is that the terminal

buds on one year shoots
seldom produce blos¬
soms. This results in an
annual supply of second
year spurs for blossom¬
ing. The other charac¬
teristic is that it usually
has a very heavy early
drop of blossoms. As
a result many spurs
form another blossom
bud for the next year.

The recently increas¬
ing tendency toward
biennial bearing is due
to a number of factors;
partly to recent drought
seasons but perhaps
mainly to a type of
pruning that has led to
over-openness of the
tops. Whereas man can
do little about the
drought, he can do
something about proper
pruning. To secure
enough fruiting from blossoms, he must make
the McIntosh relatively open to light, and he
does this by pruning the top. Cutting out
too much of the top, however, causes two
undesirable conditions. One of these is that
a great increase in the amount of light ad¬
mitted causes a change in the growth habit
of the spur. Instead of having a variation in
the length of spurs, which causes lighter
blossoming, the spurs tend to become of uni¬
form length and to blossom heavily one year
and lightly the next. (See Figure 1).

The second undesirable condition resulting
from excessive cutting of the tops is that

Figure 1: McIntosh branches usually have vari¬
able length side branches and spurs (left).
This results in lower percentages blossoming and
regular production. If the tops are kept too open,
the spurs are more uniform in length (right).
This leads to too many blossoms and a biennial
fruiting tendency.

there is a marked increase in the percentage
of blossoms setting. This causes the trees to
bear fruit heavily one year and very lightly
the next. Figures 2 and 3 show the effects
of open-top pruning on McIntosh fruiting in
1938-39. Excessive open-top pruning, as
shown in Figure 2, led to the following re¬
sults: 87 per cent of the spurs blossoming; 84
per cent setting; 1.52 fruits per spur on May
25 dropping to .28 on July 19; 6.89 estimated
lugs per tree for 1938; 12.8 per cent of
blossom buds formed; and 2.63 estimated
lugs for 1939.

For Figure 3, the moderately pruned tree,
the following facts were observed: 81 per
cent of spur blossoming; 42 per cent setting;
.44 fruits per spur on May 25 dropping to .24
on July 19; 7.44 estimated lugs per tree for
1938; 43.3 per cent of blossom buds formed;
and 6.44 estimated lugs for 1939.

Another factor which determines the fruit¬
ing habit of the tree is the use of fertilizer.
Nitrogen is often applied in large quantities.
When there is much growth, the carbohy¬
drates manufactured by the leaves are used
to combine with the nitrogen. If there is an
excessive amount of nitrogen, this combines
with the carbohydrates to form protein. This
makes very green leaves; and trees with very
green leaves produce green apples. On the
other hand, trees with medium green leaves
produce well-colored apples, generally of
good size. (Continued on Page 303)

Figure 4: Terminal leaf size affects shoot diameter. Heavily loaded trees
produce small terminal leaves and slender shoots (left). Off year trees
or non-bearing shoots of regular trees have larger leaves, thicker diameter ,

and, form blossom buds (right).

Photos — University of Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

Figure 2: Excessive open-top pruning of the McIntosh.

Figure 3: Moderate pruning of the McIntosh.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

299

Farm Plans — Past and Present

In looking over an old scrap book I came
across the map of this farm which was pub¬
lished in The Rural New-Yorker sometime
in the early Spring of 1909, together with
the plans for that year’s crops. I have drawn
off another sketch to compare with d map of

see owe !

t/mothy* i

1909 Layout on Jefferson County, N. Y. Farm.

the same farm at the present day, with plans
for this year of 1941. I will mention some
of the changes that have taken place since
the first map was published in 1909.

I wrote of my attempts to start alfalfa, but
had not achieved any success at that time.
Now, however, all the hay on the place is

alfalfa or alfalfa mixed and I usually get
good cuttings twice a season. Lime was the
solution of that problem, for applications of
ground rock brought a fine stand and a good
yield, always ready to be cut early, in June,
and later a second cutting which practically
doubled the yield of hay for this farm. What
I do not need for my own use finds a ready
market, for it is an excellent feed hay.

There is a run, or small stream, traced on
the old map, and there were willows and
cowslips /growing there. I later put in a tile
drain there, cleared away the willows, and
the cowslips disappeared. Now, what was
waste land, is good work land. The maple
grove had been set six years that Winter, or
perhaps seven years that Spring. I mentioned
the rapid growth that the young trees had
made. It is 40 years this Spring since setting,
and we have been making maple sweets
from the sap of those trees for the past 10
years. I did not think they would be useful
to us so soon, for the sugar maple is a slow-
growing tree.

The old orchard marked on the old map
has been gone for years, and the young or¬
chard I set too, with the exception of two
Macintosh reds, which are bearing well. Last
Spring I set a dozen more red Macintosh, and
10 survived. It seems that the Winters are
colder than in former years, frost going
deeper, and Winter winds colder and more
devasting, on account of the destruction of
practically all the nearby forests, not only here
in our state, but also in Canada, bordering
on the north and west, with the St. Lawrence
River in between, giving the westerly winds
here a broad sweep.

We will have this year three cows and a
yearling heifer, grade Jerseys which look like
Brown Swiss, a horse, two pigs and 40 hens.
There will be an income from cream checks,
some hay and grain to sell, potatoes and
other vegetables. The three Summer cottages
have proved a profitable sideline. There was
only one of them on the old map — marked
“camp.” Practically all of the feed for the
stock, and much of the food for the family is
raised on the place. The maple orchard
supplies all the maple sweets we need for -
home use. The small farm of 25 acres
supplies all of the necessities of life and a

few of the luxuries, and there should be a bit
saved each year for the proverbial “rainy
day.” Have worked this farm since I was a
boy of 16; 51 years, that is, and my grand¬
children, living here now, are the sixth
generation, in a direct line from the pioneer
family which settled here about the year 1800.

The maps explain themselves. This year

-SHORE LINE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

MAPUp' GROVE ~CEDAR UNEP ROCKY SHORE Q CT pl

COTTAGE COTTAGE

NEW

SEEDING

PASTURE

. w

SC -

oa:

®<n

NEW

SEEDING

THEODORE ROOSEVELT HIGHWAY

10 MACINTOSH RED
APPLE TREES

ALFALFA

PLANTING

GROUND

TWO APPlE
TREES

u i— 1 *

SPRING I _ | X

HOUSE HOUSE «

CORN g

POTATOES <
_ o c

OATS

ALFALFA

MIXED

HAY

1941 Plans for the Same Farm.

I have about nine acres in hay, three in oats,
two in corn and potatoes, one in small garden
stuff, about an acre in berries, Columbias, red
raspberries, blackberries, and strawberries,
three acres in permanent pasture with twx>
more included this year.

North Country Farmer.

Farming is My Hobby

With an outstretched, firm hand in a hearty
handshake, and then, as if he were the State’s
official host smiling hospitably, “I’m Horatio
Butters and farming is my hobby,” was the
cordial greeting the farmer gave us the day
we stopped to watch him packing tomatoes
for market.

Twenty thousand onion sets, 10,000 tomato
plants, and 7,000 cabbage plants growing in
rows straight as a die and not a weed were
part of his gardens on both sides of the road.

At 72, an age when most persons plan to
play, putter or to rest, Mr. Butters, brimming
with health and energy, is up daily, long be¬
fore sunrise working in his many gardens at
his Nute Ridge Farm, Milton, N. H. and plan¬
ning new ones for the next year.

Born in Levant, Maine, 72 years ago, Mr.
Butters attended the local high school and
Castine Normal School. For two years he
taught a country school before he went to
Watertown, Mass, where later, with his wife,
he started a successful express business to and
from Boston.

“Agriculture has beckoned to me with an
insistent appeal, promising happiness as the

Onion sets in rows straight as a die.

reward, for many years,” Mr. Butters told me,
“but it has been only six years since I be¬
came a farmer.”

In these few years he has reclaimed a run¬
out farm, built up a large market gardening
business, and in doing so he has found con¬
tentment. On Nute Ridge, Mr. Butters came
alone, inexperienced in farming, with pockets
empty, but with a heart brimful of faith that
he could be a success on this run-down place.
Here he lives close to nature, God’s ordained
way as he says, carrying on his hobby of
agriculture. “Look around and see what a
poor, old man alone has done in six years,”
he smilingly urged.

Gardens at the end of the house, gardens
behind the barn, gardens of cabbage, corn,
and tomatoes here, gardens of beets, carrots,
and onions there. A three-acreage of Blue
Hubbard squashes, many weighing from 35
to 50 pounds each, which later yielded a 32
ton harvest was in the lower field. Row upon
row of luxuriant green plants, with no
Mexican bean beetles, grew in the three-acre
garden of beans at the north of the house.

"Those beans? I raised them from a sport
in my home garden in Watertown, Mass. It
has been eight years since I tied a rag around
a single stock in one hill of beans in my back¬
yard. From those few seeds, I have produced
the many bushels you see growing there.
Bumble-bee beans, I named them.”

These beans, rightly named according to
shape and size, white with purple eyes, are
equally delectable whether used as string,
shell, or baked. However cooked, they are-
meaty, rich, and sweet.

At first Mr. Butters had a hard time in get¬
ting a market for his produce. Each time the
chain store manager refused saying that he
bought from the warehouse in Somerville,
Mass, because local farmers graded poorly,
packed unattractively, looked for quantity not

quality, were undependable in delivery, and
expected retail prices.

“I’ve a farm back here on the hill and I’ve
got to make it pay. I can’t go back to my
city friends and say I’ve failed at farming in
New Hampshire, a State that imports about
90 per cent of the crops it consumes,” was
the way he met the rebuff of one manager.
The manager was still firm in his refusal to
buy.

"I hate defeat. I don’t know the word de¬
feat,” Mr. Butters continued. “I left a box of
tomatoes on the floor for customers to look
at — not for the manager to buy. Those
tomatoes talked more eloquently than I. First
grade vegetables, clear to the bottom not just
in the top layer of the box, attractively packed
caught the eye of the customer and softened
the heart of the manager. When I returned
later, he paid me $1.50 for the box and he
has been a regular buyer ever since.”

Nothing goes to waste on this farm. Proudly
he showed us his 50 Red Jersey Duroc pigs all
farrowed from registered stock. These, besides
being excellent foragers, convert second-grade
produce into high yielding dividends at the
season when (Continued on Page 300)

Packing tomatoes, Nute Ridge Farm, Milton, N. H.

300

11* RURAL NEW-YORKER

We Pay Transportation XS

25 100 500 1000 5000

BLAKEMORE . $0.30 $0.75 $2.40 $4.50 $2 1 .25

SUCCESS . 35 " - -

PREMIER .

CATSKILL . 40

DORSETT . 40

FAIRFAX .

ABERDEEN .

WM. BELT .

BIG JOE .

LUPTON . 35

CHESAPEAKE . 40

GANDY . 35

PATHFINDER . 40

NORTH STAR . 40

GEM E. B .

MASTODON E. B. ..

Asparagus - Rhubarb - Horseradish Roots

All Trans' Paid 25 50 100 500 1000 5000
Asparagus No. 1 . .$0.50 $0.75 $1.20 $3.50 $6.00 $27.50

Rhubarb No. 1 _ 1.25 2.50 4.00 13.00 25.00 120.00

Horseradish No. 1 . .50 .75 1.25 4.50 8.00 37.50

Raspberry — Latham, Chief, St. Regis & Cumberland.
Blackberry — Eldorado, E. Harvest, Lucreta, Dewberry.

12 25 50 100 500 1000

Blackberry . $0.60 $1.00 $1.75 $2.75 $10.00 $18.00

Raspberry . 75 1.25 2.20 3.50 12.00 22.00

C. E. FIELD PLANT

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.35

.80

2.65

5.00

22.50

.40

.90

3.00

5.50

25.00

.40

.95

3.25

6.00

27.50

.50

1.25

4.00

7.50

35.00

.50

1.25

4.00

7.50

35.00

SEWELL, NEW JERSEY

FARM

Location Barnsboro

CABBAGE PLANTS—
TOMATO PLANTS

lOO Acres This Season

Cabbage: Copenhagen, Marion Market, Allseasons
(Yellows Resistant), Flatduteh, Danish Ballhead,
Enkhuizen Glory etc. Prices 500-65c; 1000-$ 1 .00 ;
10,000-$7.50. Bermuda and Sweet Spanish Onion
plants same price. Cabbage and Onion plants are
now ready. Tomato Plants ready about May 10th.
Varieties: Master Marglobe, Marglobe, Rutgers,
Stokesdale, Bonnybest, John Baer, Stone etc. We
use Certified (treated) seeds and grow them in
rows and cultivate them which make a more stocky
and better rooted plant. The difference you pay for
quality plants will over be regained in crop pro¬
duction. Special service and terms to dealers and
truck load buyers. Shipping capacity over 500
thousand daily. Oldest growers in Virginia. Write
or wire for wholesale list.

J. P. COUNCILL CO., FRANKLIN, VA.

Stra>

.vberries

PAY

Allen’s 1941 Berry Book
from 56 years’ experience,
tells how to grow and sell
strawberries successfully.

Describes best varieties like
Premier, Catskill, Fairfax
and Dorsett, also Mastodon
and the other Everbearers.
Helpful both to the ex¬
perienced and beginners.
Write today for Free Copy.

W. F. ALLEN CO.

72 Market St., Salisbury, Md.

REE PLANT CATALOG

Send today for this Valuable 56-
Pagre Fruit Book. Describes and
illustrates in colors all the new
and better paying varieties of
Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬
berries, Grapes, New Boysenberry,
Peaches, Apples, Pears, Plums, Cher¬
ries, and Vegetable Plants. It’s a
complete culture guide for the com¬
mercial grower and the home garden
planters. Written by a lifelong fruit
grower. Itfs FREE!

E. W. TOWNSEND SONS

40 Vine Street, Salisbury, Maryland

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Certified, true to name, FRESH DUG from new
plantings, prompt shipment. Premier, Dorsett, Fair¬
fax, Catskill, Pathfinder, Dresden, Dunlap, Aberdeen,
I00-80c; 300-$l.90: 500-$2.50; IOOO-$5. Can fill

large orders. Mastodon, Gem Evbr., 50-60c; I00-$I;
300-$2.75; 500-$4; IOOO-$8. Transp. Coll. Figure each
variety separate. Eureka Plant Farm, Mapleview, N. Y.

100 Mastodon eveb. strawberry OR 200 Dunlap. .$1.00
250 Mastodon eveb. strawberry OR 500 Dunlap.. 1.95
25 New Boysenberry OR 50 Bl. Cap Rasberry. . . . 1.25
2 Caco, 4 Moores Early, 2 Niagara, 4 Concord

Grape 2 year number 1 . 1.00

10 (New) Thornless Boysenberry OR 25 Wayzata eveb. 1.25
Prices Prepaid. Order from ad. Checks accepted. Cat.
Free. So. Michigan Nursery, (R- 1000) New Buffalo. Mich.

<straurliarrv Plants Premier, Howard 17, Dor-
^tr aw Derry rianis sett, Fairfax and Catskill
80c per 100: $4.00 per 1000. Mastodon and Gem
Everbearing $1.00 per 100; $6.00 per 1000. Catalog
free. BASIL PERRY, Route 5, Georgetown, Delaware

Fresh Dug, Certified Strawberry Plants. Premier, Dor¬
set, Fairfax, Dunlop, Aberdeen, Clarmont, Pathfinder,
Catskill, Dresden: l00-80c; 300-$l.90; 500 $2.50: 1000-
$5. Trans, coll. R. Turnbull, Box 36, Maple View, N.Y.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Catalog free. W. E. BENNING, CLYDE, N. Y.

Improved BLUEBERRIES

Delicious U.S. Gov’t Hybrids, large as grapes.

2 Yr. Plants 50 cents ea.; $4 doz. ; $35 per 100.

3 Yr. Bearing Plants $1 ea.; $8 doz. ; $60 per
100. Special 6 — 2 Yr. plus 3 — 3 Yr. for $4.

GEO. A. MORSE - WILLIAMSON, N. Y.

BLUEBERRIES

In seven choicest varieties, guaranteed true to name.
Grower to customer service means bigger better plants,
investigate before buying elsewhere. Folder free.

HOUSTON ORCHARDS, Box K-16, Hanover, Mass.

Certified Raspberries

Fifteen varieties. Blueberries, Blackberries, Straw¬
berries, Grapes, Asparagus, Fruit Trees, Shrubs etc.
Guaranteed. Prices low. Catalog free.

BAKER’S NURSERY, HOOSICK FALLS, NEW YORK

T.-.n Plante grown from Certified Seed. Mar-
lumaiii riaHlS gi0pe> Pritchard, Rutgers, Balti¬
more $1.00-1000. California Wonder Pepper Plants
$2.00-1000 or 25C-100. Hot Pepper: Long Red Cayenne,
same price. Certified Porto Rico Potato Plants $1.75-
1000. White Bermuda Onion Plants 75C-1000. Cabbage
Plants: Copenhagen, Wisconsin, Hollander No. 8,
Flat Dutch 75c-10fl0.

QUITMAN PLANT CO., QUITMAN. GEORGIA

CERTIFIED tomato plants, Marglobe, Bonnie Best,
Baltimore, $1.25-1000; 75c-500; Peppers, $1.50-1000;
500-$ I . ; Cabbage, $1-1000 ; 500-65C. Free catalog.

SIMS PLANT COMPANY. Pembroke, Georgia

Otsego County in the Spring

We face the Spring with better
fertilized land than ever before, due
to the new manure spreader pur¬
chased last Fall. It is mounted on
rubber tires and the boys like to
use it. They can do a job in ten
minutes that used to take half an
hour. The manure is spread over a
larger area than by hand, and
being thinly spread, is more avail¬
able to the soil.

Right now, one hardly knows
what to plan for the coming season.
Being in an area of fluid milk pro¬
duction, our cash income is con¬
trolled by a definite type of farming.

’ Our only hope of increasing this
income is to reduce costs through
larger yields per acre. To this end
we plan to use more commercial
fertilizers and more labor-saving
equipment. We also plan to grow
more legumes for the cattle ration,,
saving the first of the early-cut
legume hay to provide vitamins A
and D for the calves and pigs, I
believe that lack of These vitamins
has been responsible for some of
our losses in the past. I have been
telling my boys that careful atten¬
tion to small details will cut down
many of the losses we have had.
None of us thought so much about
it until we began to keep cost ac¬
counts. Now everything is down in
black and white. We shall do
better in the future because we can
see where the losses occurred and
that many were due to carelessness
or ignorance. No doubt this is true
on many farms. If we are to enter
sincerely into the program for
national defense, we shall have to
make the very most of what we have,
and there must be no waste any¬
where. J. G. E.

New York

From Steuben County

Members of the Avoca Future
Farmers of America recently took
an inventory and on balancing their
books found that each boy had
averaged $49 for his own project
during the year.

The club, which consists of 33
members carried out 27 projects with
90 hens, 1,715 chicks, 62 dairy cows,
21 sheep, 1 brood sow, 10 calves,
58.6 acres potatoes, 23 acres beans,
13 acres peas, and 18 acres small
grains. No profit and very little re¬
turn for labor was found in the
potatoes but the beans, peas, dairy
and poultry showed fair profits.

It has been stated that about 5,000
acres of beans will be planted in this
county. This increased interest in
the crop has probably come about
because of the popular conception
that the army lives on beans. Added
to this is the urge felt by the farm¬
ers to find something more profitable
than the potato as the majority here
have made very little above grow¬
ing expenses in the potato market
this year. The average yield of
beans per acre is around 25 bushels
with red and white, kidney being
the favored variety.

High fat producing cows as com¬
piled by official testers were a regis¬
tered Holstein owned by George
Arnold of Kanona, which held both
the milk and fat record in the county
for the month of March. Her record

was 2,297 pounds of milk and 85
pounds of butterfat. Second place
was held by a grade Holstein owned
by August Neiltz with a record of
2,092 pounds of milk and 75.3 pounds
butterfat. " m. b. b.

Farming is My Hobby

(Continued from Page 299)
there is no income from crops. •

“Of all hobbies, agriculture is the
most remunerative in health, wealth,
and happiness,” Mr. Butters con¬
cluded. “If I had a dozen sons I
would teach and encourage them to
farm. Each one would go to the
State Agricultural College, that our
taxes help to support, and get the
results of the years of experimen¬
tation of those professors instead of
learning by the trial-and-error
method of our grandsires.”

With both arms upraised, Horatio
Butters gave us his benediction as
we drove away leaving him to pur¬
sue his hobby of agriculture, “the
most healthful, most useful, and
most noble employment of man.”

Massachusetts h. s. g.

Aberdeen-Angus Sale

The Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Asso¬
ciation will hold its Fifth Annual
sale in the Judging Pavilion at
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.,
May 12. .

The cattle in this offering are from
the outstanding herds of the North¬
east, the owners of which are mak¬
ing their living from this popular
breed of cattle. The blood lines
represented in the various herds are
so closely intermingled as to make
an extremely uniform lot of animals
and easy selection of well balanced
groups of similar breeding. This
event makes an opportunity to learn
more about this breed. There will
be a show from 9:30 preceding the
sale at 1 P. M.

Further information may be had
from Myron M. Fuerst sale manager,
Pine Plains, N. Y.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MAY 3, 1941

FARM TOPICS

Farm Plans, Past and Present . 299

Rambling Along at Long Acres . 301

News From New Jersey . 312

Farm Success Through Planning . 320

HORTICULTURE

Checking on Annual Apples. . 298

Mass. Apple Festival . 300

Ruralisms . 302

Promoting Apple Juice . . . 303

Advice to Apple Men . 305

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Hearing on Waverly Plant . 304

Dairymen Demand Action . 305

Pork Production Problems . 306

An Analysis of League Milk Prices,... 308

The Growing Colt . 309

Sweet Potatoes for Livestock . 309

4-H Lamb Club . 320

WOMAN AND HOME

From the Little Brown House . 310

Souffles and Omelets . 311

Flowers — Here and There . 311

Strawberry Recipes . 311

Maple Recipes . 311

THE HENYARD

Systematic Culling . 304

Pick Future Breeders . 312

Build Winter Profits Now . 313

Enlarged Liver.. . 313

Housing Pullets in 1941 . 314

Poultry Tumors . 314

Poultry Vaccination . 314

Vitamin A in Egg Yolk . 314

Various Egg Auctions and Contests.... 315

MISCELLANEOUS

Farming is my Hobby . 299

Making Concrete Blocks . 302

Our Great Democracy . 305

Readers Give Views on Rural Schools.. 316

Publisher’s Desk . 318

Photo P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.

The growing and shipping of nursery stock show real activity as Spring
shipments start to every state in the Union and to some foreign countries.
Full stocks of fruit trees, small fruits, ornamental trees, shrubs and per¬
ennials have started into shipment. Here is a typical packing celler in
Western New York. Wayne County is credited with being the largest
grower of nursery stock in the State with 1,593 acres.

May 3, 1941

CLEARANCE SALE!

7 ROSE BUSHES $1.47
Everblooming J. KS

2 and 3 year old, will bloom a few weeks from
planting. 15 for $2.95. Briarcliff, rose pink;
McGreedy’s Scarlet, scarlet buds; Caledonia, pure
white; Rapture, salmon flesh; Joanna Hill, Indian
yellow; Sister Therese, daffodil yellow; Talisman,
copper, gold and apricot. Catalogue free. Lists
roses for every purpose; perennials, flowering
shrubs, flowering trees, hedge plants, gladiolus
and dahlias. Write today.

Honorable Treatment Guaranteed.

REYNOLDS’ FARMS

R. F. D. 20, South Norwalk, Conn.

Cabbage & Cauliflower

Plants Now Ready

Tomatoes ready about May
20-25th. Cabbage: Copenhagen
Market, Golden Acre, Wake¬
field, Red Rock, Danish, Flat
Dutch 1000-$ 1.00; 5000-$4.50;
Marion Market (Yellow Re¬
sistant) 1000-$l.50; 5000-

‘$5.00. Certified and treated

; Tomato: John Baer, Bonny
Bdst, Marglobe, Pritchard,
Rutgers, Stone, 1000-$l.00;
5000-$4.50; Master Marglobe 1000-$l.50: 10,000-
$10.00. Snowball Cauliflower, Ruby King, Cali¬
fornia Wonder, Sweet Squash Pepper 1000-$2.50:
10,000-$20.00. Sweet Potatoes certified and
treated 1000-$3.00. Egg Plant Early New

Hampshire Hybrid 100-$2.00; Black Beauty 100-

$1.00. Ask for free catalogue. You will receive
what you order when you send to us for your plants.

CLIFFORD A. CUTCHINS Co., Franklin, Va.

STANDARD SMAIL^FARM TRACTORS .ft

i Powerful GasTractorsf orSmallFarms,
Seed W Gardeners, Florists, Nurseries,

CulttVdte\ Fruit Growers, Poultrymen.

Mow Hay \ . . 1 * 2 Cylinders
and lawns v High Wheels, Rubber or
SteelTires. Walk or Ride.

Do Belt Work — Free Catalog
STANDARD ENGINE CO.

Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa.
3260 Como Ave. 601-6, West 26 St. 2408 Market St.

Anchor Brand Quarts

MARVIL PACKAGE COMPANY, Laurel, Delaware

SEEDS and PLANTS

A Complete Line of all Leading Varie¬
ties of Vegetable and Flower Seeds
SEND FOR FREE 1941 ILLUSTRATED CATALOG
OROL LEDDEN & SONS, SEWELL, N. J.

Seedsmen for 37 Years, Largest Growers and
Shippers of Vegetable Plants in New Jersey.

— <^ u a 1 i t y I* laut s-

Flat Dutch. Golden Acre, Copenhagen, Marion Market
Cabbage. Crystal Wax, Yellow Bermuda Onion. Collard
and Beet. 500-50C. 1000-80C. 5000-$3.75. Pritchard,
Marglobe, Rutgers Tomato, 500-80C. 1000-$ 1.50. 5000-
$6.25. Pepper and Egg Plant 500-$ 1.50. 1000-$2.75.

Good Plants and prompt shipment guaranteed.
LAKE PARK PLANT FARMS, Lake Park, Georgia

New Spring Grown Cabbage Plants

Copenhagen Market, Golden Acre, Early Jersey and
Charleston Wakefields, Flat Dutch, Danish Ballhead
300-50c; 500-75c; l,000-$l.25 prepaid. Express collect
5,000-$3.50; 10,000-$6.50. Tomato, Certified Potato,
Onion, Cauliflower, and Pepper plants ready about May
25th. Write for our prices. Good plants, well packed.
BUSY BEE PLANT FARM, FRANKLIN, VIRGINIA

1,000 TOMATO PLANTS 98c

ALL VARIETIES NOW READY
Quick Express Shipments.

FARMERS PLANT CO., TIFTON, GA.

i cgciauiv i iaii» insure profitable planting. Choice
varieties cabbage, onion, lettuce, $1.00-1000; $4.00-
5000. Marglobe, Baltimore tomato ready May 15th
same price. Peppers, potato, celery ready May 20th'
Free prices. RELIABLE PLANT FARMS, Franklin, Val

Dahlias— Chrysanthemums cSh

Glads,5 $Y!m<W. IJfL 11 T* O PP I EST V i L L K° «

ULU tfibLloH dUXWUOD enlarge specimen"?

Marcel S. Keene, I East 60th St., New York City

Want to Buy Angelica Officinalis Seed or Plant

A. J. Mainzer, 37 Ave. & East River, Long Island City

Seven Decades of Milk

By JOHN J. DILLON

T'HIS Is the story of milk in the New York
milkshed. It goes back to the earliest avail¬
able sources of information to be found in
print and tradition for the commercial history
of the milk dairy industry in New YorkState.
It is suggestive of the early habits and cus¬
toms that may have affected the industry
down to the present time. The present milk
system began in 1870 and the author has been
able to write from personal memory and from
constant and intimate contact for 70 years.
He has known all the organizations and most
of the leaders in the NewlYork milkshed.
The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer & distributor.
This means prices for milk production and for
distribution based on costs plus the average
rate of profits paid by the producers on the
supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages. It is made
handsome and durable because it has
information for future generations. Price
$3.00 postpaid. New York City sales
only, add 2% Sales Tax. Books for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street, New York City

VIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllll

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal, ” See
guarantee editorial page. : : ;

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Ihf RURAL NEW-YORKER

301

2 BIG EXTRA Zipper POCKETS
behind the entire bib

Famous Crown or
Headlight overalls. . .
with new patented
feature you’ll want.
Besides all regular
bib pockets, two big
Safe Deposit pockets
— carry

money keys
glasses papers
pipe cigarettes

Clean! Safe! Self-
lockiug Talon zipper
closes so securely
you couldn’t lose
even a single pin.

ORDINARY OVERALLS /f~irrf
ARE OUT OF DATE . . Jj _ j I ij

sm-ptmns r-Hit
COST YOU NO MORE!

|J *Residual shrinkage less than 1 %, test CCC-T-191

■

!j:

si V

rtTn
1 i 1

i- li 1!

ijj I

^ £ 1

QUICK Pest Control
with FARQUHAR DUSTERS

Farquhar High
Pressure Duster
works FAST — and
thoroughly. You can
easily dust several acres be¬
fore breakfast. Farquhar Dust¬
ers are inexpensive to own and operate—
hangers and nozzles are easily adjustable for
any crop. Built in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 row sizes,
for use with tractor or team.

Write for Duster Manual
showing all power and traction types

A. 8. FARQUHAR CO., LTD., 1515 Duke St., York, Pa.

FARQUHAR DUSTERS

PARAGON

SPRAYER

Sprays any solution, disinfect¬
ant, whitewash better,
easier.f aster. Killslice.nits,
parasites on buildings, trees
gardens. Solution can’t
settle or clog.

Truck can’t
jam in narrow
passages.

Write for free
booklet and
money-iback
trial offer.

Complete
with pipe, hose
and nozzles.

Two Wheel
Truck if
ed.

THE CAMPBELL HAUSFELD CO.

201 STATE AVE. HARRISON, OHIO

/•DOW MORE, BETTER
VEGETABLES, FLOWERS

WITH

Once over with ROTOTILLEf
prepares ground for plant
ing. Fastrotatingtinesplow
disc, harrow, smooth — all in one operation. Make
Hto3 acres unexcelled deep seed bed in 8 hours
Breaks hard sod. Most efficient for cultivating
used by leading growers. Engineered to highes
automotive standards for yearsof hard work; eas'
to handle; fully guaranteed. 1 to 10 h. p. $232 up
Write for FREE 44-page catalog.

ROTOTILLER, INC.. TROY. N. Y.. OEPT. G

I KING - TWIN

Plows, Harrows, Seeds, Cultivates,
Mows,l)oes BeltWork, Pulls Loads

Catalog Free

Write for Special Factory Offer

ALLIED MOTORS CORP.

Minneapolis, Mian. New York, N.Y,

318S K. tioim A vo 717 JStarrett Lehigh Bid

Rambling Along at Long
Acres

It has been my job to top the
carrots and store them in the base¬
ment. Last Fall, Winter set in very
early so we did a hurry-up job and
stored them in old bushel baskets
tops and all and we never had
carrots keep so plump and fat be¬
fore, no shriveling and wrinkling.

Many farm sales this Spring as
more folks lose their homes via the
mortgage route. In many cases the
cause has been splurging, which
leads me to remark that sitting on
top of the world is a perilous ex¬
perience for the top of the world is
very slippery and one easily slides
off. I know by experience that it is
easy to go into debt and hard to
get out again.

While the world is big, our own
part of it is limited to our own little
community so community affairs are
important. That is why it is so neces¬
sary to get along with one’s neigh¬
bors, and here is my recipe for that;
just keep your mouth shut. Experi¬
ence proves that 99 per cent of our
troubles come from saying the
wrong thing at the wrong time or to
the wrong person.

Some robins always Winter over
in dense woods or brushy ravines.
The first warm day they seek the
homesites for food and folks think
Spring is here. We had that experi¬
ence again but alas a fierce and howl¬
ing blizzard, the worst of the whole
Winter, sent Spring scurrying back
to the southlands. The radio blurted
out such items as “Two boys found
frozen to death in their stalled car.”
“Twenty-six ice fisherman perish on
drifting floe in raging blizzard.” “Car
with six young folks misses bridge
and plunges into river, all drown.”
“Scores dead in record storm’.’ All
of this as we sat in warm security,
chores all done, extra care taken to
keep the stable warm, extra supply
of coal, wood, kindling and water
on hand without going out-of-doors.
The old stove sending out waves of
heat making it hard to realize just
what all this meant.

Calvin, a high and mighty high
school senior had his picture taken
for the annual, gets some larger
photos for friends and relatives and
I look at them with astonishment.
Our little boy is growing up fast, a
young man now- but still the help¬
ful boy with whom I like to work
on tne farm. He is so steady and
reliable.

The Missus got re-elected to office
in her local P.T.A. Many years now
that she has held an office from
president down or up. I go to the
barn to begin evening chores and
have a big time with “Hem'y Ald-
rich,” no, not the star of radio fame
but the small bull calf which has
such a joyful time plunging around
and making ridiculous jumps or
pretending to butt me off the map.
Then I feed the hens and make a
last feel for eggs in the nests; the
Missus gathers them early and occa¬
sionally I get a belated egg.

My new found New Jersey friend
said in his good letter “I too like to
take time to live” anl another new
friend found through this paper has
a grocery store but takes time to
write me a fine letter. Still another
new friend near Rochester offers me
a copy of the R. N.-Y. printed in
Rochester. None of these letters even
mention wars but all talk of the
little things of their own lives and
communities and each is very inter¬
esting. My work table piles up with
them, so many came in response to
my piece about rivers. I shall
answer each in time but outdoor
work begins to call loudly.

L. B.Reber

Berrien County, Michigan

Books for Home Gardeners

Practical Tomato Culture,

F. C. and M. A. Pellet . 75

Practical Vegetble Culture,

Albert E. Wilkinson . 2.00

Vegetable Gardening.

R. L. Watts . 2.50

W ay side Marketing,

Schuyler Arnold . 1.00

Vegetable Crops,

Thompson . 5. 00

Cauliflower and Broccoli Culture,

A. G. B. Bouquet . 1.25

Injurious Insects,

W. C. O’Kane . 3.25

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

Four reasons why

Pontiac is called

The Turners ' Triene/

1. LOW PRICE. The Pontiac
De Luxe "Torpedo” is priced a
lot lower than you’d think. In
fact, it’s priced so close to the
de luxe models of the "lowest-
priced three” that former own¬
ers of such cars say their monthly
payments are so small they
hardly notice the difference!

2. HIGH ECONOMY. Pontiac
owners from coast to coast
report 18 to 24 miles per gallon
of gasoline, with equally remark¬
able savings on oil. In fact, many
owners say Pontiac costs them
no more — and sometimes less —
to own than the lower-priced
cars they traded in!

3. LOW UPKEEP. Because
Pontiac is "Built to last 100,000
Miles” and is admittedly one of
the most trouble-free cars in
America today, owners tell of
driving 60, 70, 80 thousand —
and even more — miles with
almost unbelievable freedom
from upkeep and repair!

4. HIGH TRADE-IN VALUE.
Thanks to Pontiac’s great repu¬
tation for dependability and
long life, it is in great demand
everywhere as a used car. As a
result of this, it is not hard to
understand why Pontiac com¬
mands such a high allowance
at trade-in time!

De Luxe "Torpedo” Six 2-Door Sedan $874*

PONTIAC PRICES BEGIN AT $828 FOR THE DE LUXE
"TORPEDO” SIX BUSINESS COUPE
* Delivered at Pontiac, Mich. State tax, optional equipment,
accessories — extra. Prices subject to change without notice ,

THE E/HE CAR

§V/7H THE LOWPR/CE

OHiY *2S A4QX£ fVX AM £MTT
M AMY MO0£L

302

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

. . . These Special Properties of
NuREXFORM Lead Arsenate
Save Me Plenty of Time, Work
and Money.

"'V7'ES, I used to have lots of trouble with sprays!

I tried about every kind on the market. Then
one day I had a talk with myself. 5After all,’ I said,
’insecticides are chemicals and everybody knows
Du Pont is the leader in chemistry!’ So I called
on Du Pont and found out how easily and quickly
NuREXFORM can be applied and why it does such
an effective job. Now I find I can depend just as
much on all Du Pont insecticides and fungicides.
That’s why I’m sold on Du Pont!”

HOW NuREXFORM CAN SAVE YOU TIME AND MONEY

(1) NuREXFORM gives complete
coverage. It spreads as it sprays with¬
out the addition of a spreader.

(2) NuREXFORM {is easy to apply.
It stays in suspension — avoids clogged
screens and nozzles — provides a uni¬
form strength of spray from tank.

(3) NuREXFORM mixes readily with
Lime Sulfur without sludge formation
— giving a complete sprayout of tank.

Get the advantages of these three
time and money-saving features by
ordering NuREXFORM this season.
And for your other requirements, re¬
member — you can get a maximum of
effectiveness and economy by specifying
Du Pont insecticides and fungicides.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
(Inc.), Grasselli Chemicals Department,
Wilmington, Delaware.

New England Distributor - APOTHECARIES HALL CO., Waterbury, Conn.

m 1

NSECTICIDES

R . U . 5 .

° AND 1

■ UNGICIDES

Profit by this

natural

Fertilizing Plan

There’s profit for you in higher yield and better quality.

Chilean Nitrate of Soda improves both yield and
quality. It’s natural food for apple, truck and other
crops. It contains 16% nitrogen naturally blended
with small amounts of other plant food elements —
“vitamin” elements— such as iodine, manganese, mag¬
nesium, boron, calcium, potash, zinc, copper and many
more.

It’s a wise plan to fertilize your crops year after year
with Natural Chilean Nitrate of Soda. That way you
get full benefit of its fertilizing and soil-improving
qualities.

Be Sure You Get

NATURAL CHILEAN

NITRATE OF SODA

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you'll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal." See guarantee editorial page.

May 3, 1941

RURALISMS

Perennials for Partial Shade. —
Continuing the problem of flowers
for a situation that does not receive
sun all day, we may select perennials
for a permanency, with some of the
suggested annuals for reinforcement.
There are few perennial borders
that are not improved by the occa¬
sional use of annuals, which are
planned to give color when the
perennials are out of bloom. As
border plants for partial shade a
number of hardy Primulas are es¬
pecially desirable, but of course
many of these are only in bloom in
April and May. There are however,
later-blooming sorts; P. cortusoides,
with slender spikes of pink flowers,
nine inches tall, are in bloom from
May till July. The Polyanthus sorts.
Primula elatior, bloom in May, and
their clustered flowers make a great
show, pink, white, crimson and
yellow. The garden primroses have
been hybridized and selected until
great variety has been secured, but
we especially like the true English
primrose, Primula acaulis, for our
shady corners, the lemon yellow
flowers and bright green crinkly
leaves being very charming. In the
shade the foliage continues attrac¬
tive through the season, but most
primrose foliage melts away under
our hot Summer sun. The fringed
bleeding-heart, Dicentra eximia, is
excellent where a low-growing plant
is desired; it has finely cut fern-like
foliage and charming pink flowers.
This is a rather rare native species;
it likes leaf mold and moisture, and
in a favorable place will bloom all
Summer. The native variety from
the Pacific Coast, D. formosa, is also
a shade-lover; with us it does not
seem to demand woodland soil, but
does well anywhere so long as there
is some shade. It produces an abun¬
dance of rose-colored (sometimes
white) flowers often blooming at
intervals until Fall. The taller old-
fashioned bleeding-heart does not
like shade all day and is at its best
in a sheltered sunny place.

Leadwort, Plumbago Larpentae, is
a very good plant for "partial shade.

This makes a neat mound of attrac¬
tive foliage tinted with red when
young; in September and October it
is covered with vivid blue flowers,
in shape resembling Phlox. This is
native of China, thoroughly hardy
in the North. While it is usually
listed commercially as Plumbago, the
botanists call it Ceratostigma. It is
easily propagated by division, and
when once established it will spread
over a considerable space. It is
attractive hanging over a ledge in
the rock garden. Another very pretty
plant often seen in the rock garden
is the cat-mint, Nepeta Mussini, and
this too will endure partial shade.
It is low-growing and compact, with
pretty foliage and spikes of lavender
flowers, spotted with a darker color.
It flowers freely in the Spring, and
at intervals all Summer. The creep¬
ing Nepeta, called ground ivy, field
balm, or Gill-over-the-ground grows
well in complete shade, but should
never be admitted to a flower border.
It is, however, an excellent ground
cover forming a green carpet where
bare spots are unsightly, but it must
be barred from both lawns and
borders, because it spreads over
everything.

When we refer to hardy Asters or
Michaelmas daisies we usually think
of the tall-growing sorts, but there
is a charming variety called Mauve
Cushion that is dwarf and compact,
and that does very well in partial
shade. This is covered with its
mauve flowers in September and
October. Where one has plenty of
space some of the tall-growing Asters
may also be used in partial shade,
but the dwarfs are better for a
smaller area. Mauve Cushion is very
desirable for the rock garden.

Foxgloves, biennial or perennial,
are at their best with shade, and
the tall spikes of purple, yellow or
white are very striking. The garden
varieties ordinarily grown are bi¬
ennials; they are readily raised from
seed. The young plants are best
transplanted in Spring, if not sown
where they are to remain; Fall plant¬
ing is unfavorable unless they have
some protection. Under favorable
conditions they often self-sow, if
allowed to ripen seed. E. T. Royle

Making Concrete Blocks

Anyone having a little familiarity
with concreting can get excellent re¬
sults in making concrete blocks with
a mould like the one in the picture.
This mould or device will make a
standard block 8x8x16 inches with
two core openings. It will make per¬
fect blocks on any level floor or
board platform.

With this mould, you can make
regular blocks, corner blocks and
one-half blocks. The device is easily
made as the construction is simple.
Fill the mould with concrete not too
wet and tamp down the mixture and
smooth off the top of the mould. Lift
out the core patterns which are made
out of a piece of 3x4 inch stock
leveled so as to be smaller at one
end. Unscrew the turn-buckles and
take away the sides and the ends.

Let the block remain in its posi¬
tion for a few days and sprinkle it
with water whenever it appears to
be dry. Reassemble the parts and you
are ready for another block. If you
wish to use a wet mixture of con¬
crete and are willing to wait a week
for the blocks to dry, you will need
more than one mould. A dozen moulds
would use up one bag of cement at
one time.

Blocks made of this mixture would

be nearly waterproof. It would pay
anyone thinking of using concrete
blocks in any building construction
to make one or more of these moulds.

There are many places around the
farm and garden where concrete

blocks could be used to good advan¬
tage. This making of blocks could

be done at odd times and if under
cover, in all kinds of weather. With
the price of labor and materials going
up and with new projects in the
plans for the Spring and Summer

work, this idea is worth looking into.

To make the mould, construct the
sides first. A side is made up of one
board 8x16x1 inches and another

board 8x20x1 inches. Nail or bolt
the two boards together leaving two
inches of the 20-inch board extend¬
ing beyond the ends of the 16-inch
board. The ends are made of two
pieces of stock 8x8x1 inches with
two cleats nailed across the grain of
the wood. Place the ends up against
the ends of the 16-inch board. Fit
a cleat up against this and nail to
the 20-inch board so as to make a
groove on the sides for the ends
to slide up and down.

The picture will show the con¬
struction of the remainder of the
mould. Native Pine would make good
material for the work. A. w. T.

Massachusetts

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

303

IT KEEPS OUT DAMPNESS
. . . DRAFTS AND DUST

Whenever you build, put a layer of
SISALKRAFT building paper under
siding, floors and roof. It's tough
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To Subscribers:

Please report any change in your address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address label
on your It. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

Promoting Apple Juice

While several States, such as New
York, as recorded in previous issues
of The Rural New-Yorker, have
adopted laws and regulations which
serve to hamper the wider use of
apple juice, one of Nature’s rare
gifts to man, which contribute large¬
ly to health, Canada has taken a
bold forward step to make apple
juice one of the most popular and
widely used fruit juices. Well may
apple growers demand that their law
makers and administrators of laws
adopt similar measures.

In the past five years apple juice
has made tremendous gains in popu¬
larity as a Canadian beverage, and
who can doubt that the Canadians
have a far wiser method of liquor
control than found anywhere in the
United States; no officials have been
found in Canada who hamper the
wider use of apple juice due to any
conflict with intoxicating drinks, as
exists here.

The wider use of apple juice in
Canada has been due in part to ad¬
vertising, and to improving the
quality of the juice offered for sale.
This quality has been enhanced by
improvements in methods of pro¬
cessing and containers, so that apple
juice is conveniently available now
in attractive bottles as well as in
several sizes of cans. People are
drinking more apple juice not only
because they understand that it is
nutritious, but because they like it.

Considerable research by several
agencies has contributed to the pro¬
duction of better quality juice. Im¬
proved methods of selecting and
handling the fruit, deaeration and
flash pasteurizing of the juice have
all assisted in producing a finely
flavored apple juice of good keeping
qualities. Improvement in the treat¬
ment of tin cans especially for apple
juice has also been beneficial.

While it is now possible to give
the public a really good apple drink,
research continues. Growers, pro¬
cessors, distributors are not content
with things “as is;” continually they
aim to improve the product, the at¬
tractiveness of the parcel, and to
widen distribution. Present methods
of manufacture may be further im¬
proved with a view to producing
not only a uniformly attractive and
appetizing apple juice, but one in
which the maximum propei'ties

have been retained.

The Canadian Department of Agri¬
culture has recently established

standards for apple juice. This as¬
sures the public of a more uniform
and better product. The juice may
be one of three types: clear, un¬
filtered, or a crushed, pulpy type,

somewhat similar to pineapple juice
in appearance. Thus thei’e is a con¬
siderable choice available in the
selection of apple juice to meet in¬
dividual preference.

A large portion of the huge sur¬
plus apple crop, now going to waste,
or if used, devoted to low-grade,
cheap purposes, as to income to the
grower, may well be devoted annu¬
ally to the production of apple juice.

Earle W. Gage

Checking on Annual Apples

(Continued from Page 298)

Should the heavily blossoming tree
be heavily fertilized? No, that is not
advisable. The heavily blossoming
tree generally has small leaves and
hence does not have enough carbo¬
hydrates stored up to put a large
amount of nitrogen to good use. The
excess nitrogen increases the green
color of the leaves and causes green
fruit. Nitrogen should be applied
sparingly to the biennial tree in the
Spring or Fall before it blossoms.
For the bearing year the fertilizing
should be light for trees having a
large percent of set of fruit, and
heavier for the trees having a light
set of fruit.

The off-year is the time when the
heavier applications of fertilizer
should be made. This is to keep up
the nitrogen content, which becomes
relatively low when the fruit is not
being formed. Fertilizing in the off-
year makes for longer and more
slender growths of spurs. The
slender spurs tend away from ex¬
cessive blossoming, for the thick
growths produce most of the blossom
buds. (See Figure 4). It can be seen
then that great care must be taken
with the pruning to prevent exces¬
sive cutting of the top, and with the
fertilizing to avoid over-fertilizing
the heavily bearing tree.

WHY

WE DON’T CHARGE
FOR EXTRAS

When you set out to buy a
machine for farming, you want
a machine for farming.

“Extra” ought to mean just that:
something in addition to what you are
entitled to.

You are entitled to such things as
the safety electric starter, and the
battery and generator to go with it.
They are standard, not extra, on the
Ford Tractor with Ferguson System.

You are entitled to a muffler to save
your ears, and an oil filter to save vour
motor. They are standard, too.

A power take-off is something
you need; we make it standard
equipment. Also we include an adjust¬
able drawbar, adjustable wheel-tread
front and rear, independent rear wheel
brakes, and ignition lock and key.

The biggest extra we give you is the
Ferguson System. You can’t get that
at any price on any other tractor.

Built right into the Ford
Tractor, the Ferguson System
gives you extra speed in getting work
done, extra ease, extra accuracv. The
way it saves fuel, the way it saves time,
the way it makes you more money . . .
all these are extras you get without cost.

In fact, we sell the Ford Tractor
with Ferguson System at less cost, by far.

The nearest dealer will prove these
things on your farm. Call him for
an immediate demonstration. If
you don’t know who he is, write us.

The Ford Tractor with Ferguson System is sold nationally by the
Ferguson -Sherman Manufacturing Corporation, Dearborn, Mich.,
and distributed through dealers in every part of the country.

304

D* RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established isso

Publish'd Bl-W*»klj by th* Enr»l Pnbliiblnc Co., Inc. 333 West 30th 61., Row York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Ekhoholi), Vice-President William a. O’Bbien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell w. Duck

H. B. Tukey Mbs. E. T. Roylk

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign Countries in the Universal Postal Union, J2.S6.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

In a Changing World

THE Yearbook of Agriculture 1940, U. S.

D. A. is dedicated to an illuminating re¬
port of “Farmers in a Changing World.” In¬
deed this is a volume well worth a year’s
careful study by all farmers. Yet farmers do
not need to read this interesting report to
know that they are up against a highly
competitive world of ever changing forces.
They realize that they must fit their produc¬
tion and marketing programs to meet the
ever increasing competition.

Dairy and poultry farmers of the East
have been taxed heavily .for grain production
control programs. Millions of dollars have
simply been transferred from the pockets of
eastern farmers to help the grain farmers,
many of whom were in dire straits. Yet, an
arbitrary transfer of money from one group
of farmers to another cannot ever as a whole
help agriculture.

Hybrid seeds have helped to overcome any
advantage of reduced acreage of corn and
cereal grains. Planting corn at closer spac¬
ing has also helped to offset reduction of
acreage programs.

Fundamentally the farmers’ problems must
be solved by farmers, and not until those who
sit in the high places of agriculture admit this
fact and act upon it, will agriculture regain
its place as the basic industry of America.

Systematic Culling

ANY old hen will lay eggs in the Spring
as this is Nature’s time for reproducing
the species — at least, most any old hen.

No doubt you have made yourself a promise
that soon you will give the hens the once
over and really find out which ones have
paid for their keep, and will do so for the
next few months; also those which have not
worked and need to get the axe. Why not
surprise those old biddies that have been
taking life too easy and turn them into cash,
as poultry meat prices are usually good now?

Culling should be a routine job every day,
and there is no need to wait until the end
of the month to cull out the undesirables.
After a Winter of non-laying or low produc¬
tion, the poor birds will be carrying plenty
of yellow pigment in the shanks, their plum¬
age will look quite clean and neat; they may
carry excess hard fat in the abdomen; also
excess fat on the back.

Hens that have been laying well all Winter
will be well faded out in all sections; their
combs and wattles will be red, full and warm
to the touch; their feathers will be ragged and
dirty; their abdomens should be soft, pliable
and full, and their eyes bright and alert.
They will be friendly while the non-producer
will be wild and squawky.

Every poultryman no doubt has a good
knowledge of things to look for in culling out
the poor producer, but too few practice it
thoroughly. Why not then put your knowl¬
edge to work and make it pay dividends
throughout the Summer?

Hearing on Waverly Plant

THE second hearing on the M. H. Renken
Dairy Company license application to
build a milk plant at Waverly, N. Y. was
held in Albany on April 18.

The Waverly Milk Producers’ Committee
descended in a body on the Capital City,
having driven across the state since early
morning in private cars and a specially
chartered bus. In all, 33 dairymen testified
in favor of a new Renken plant at Waverly,
each individually stating a desire to deliver
his milk to the proposed plant because it would
mean a shorter haul and also because it
would mean a higher price for their milk.
The latter argument was urged chiefly by
present and former Dairymen’s League mem¬
bers. Burt Golden of Ellis Creek, asked the
hearing master: “Are we going to be forced
tc sell milk to someone we do not want to
deal with?” This statement brought a round
of applause from the assembled farmers.
James Cullen of the law firm of Cullen and
Hendrie, Sayre, Penna., represented the
Producers’ Committee. Full credit for the
organization of this farm group and for their
public spirit and enthusiasm in undertaking
the entire job must be given to Ed. O'Brien
and Ray Ingham, both of Waverly.

H. H. Mahnken, Renken vice-president,
testified that his company needed additional
milk since the milk from their present seven
plants had been insufficient to cover needs
during the latter part of the last year and
the first part of this year.

Several attempts were made by the oppo¬
sition, again represented by the Dairymen’s
League, Sheffield Farms, Eastern Milk Pro¬
ducers, Crowley Milk Producers, and the
Bargaining Agency, to stop the procession of
witnesses who testified in favor of granting
the license. They objected to so many farmers
testifying to the same facts. Hearing Master
William McDonough stated that the purpose
of this second hearing was to give to as many
who wanted, the opportunity to speak their
minds, and all were permitted to take the
stand.

There were also some few witnesses who
testified against the new plant. One of them,
a prominent business man in Bradford County,
Pennsylvania, later retracted his statement
and wired Commissioner Noyes that he
favored the license.

We believe that the Albany authorities
should be impressed by the business-like
and enthusiastic manner in which these pro¬
ducers have organized in their drive for a
new plant at Waverly. As we have stated
before, the only opposition is from the Milk
Trust whose sole motive is selfishness. They
don’t want their grip on the territory loosened
and are taking every advantage of the
technical laws which they themselves had
placed on the statute books for the per¬
petuation of their own monopoly.

A responsible dealer has offered to put up
this new plant at Waverly, which is a
centrally located village in a good farming
section. At least 150 dairymen have ex¬
pressed themselves in favor and their willing¬
ness to draw their milk to that new plant.
Business men have gone on record in support
of the plan. Only the Big-3 is opposed.
Whose interests shall be respected? The
Commissioner of Agriculture should not hesi¬
tate in granting the needed license.

A Notable Refugee

THE state of a Nazi-conquered people was
made real to us this week in the story of
Count Andre Rey, late of Poland. He is now
in America with his wife and one child. His
large ancestral acres which he managed have
been confiscated by the German regime.

Mr. Rey is well qualified for farm manage¬
ment in Poland. He received his preparatory
education in that country and in Austrian
high schools. He graduated from the Cracow,
Poland, Agricultural College in 1925. He also
had a course in commercial college and spent
his vacation times studying on model farms
and estate management, forestry and timber
operations. Part of these studies were con¬
ducted in America and in Canada. His experi¬

May 3, 1941

ence in agricultural production and manage¬
ment seems to be extensive.

The one thing that men of his type failed
to acquire in Poland was the skill in doing
the practical work with his own hands. He
realizes +hat defect now as he wishes to be¬
come a farmer in America. I found, however,
that he is not by any means helpless. In his
farm management work, he always stripped
the cows to make sure that the men did a
dean job. He harnessed the horses, but never
did a full day’s work behind the plow.

He is intelligent, ambitious, and cheerful.
The thing that mostly impressed me was his
cheerful approach to his problem, and his
anxiety to don overalls and get right down
to actual work on an American farm to learn
to do by doing. He wants a job, no matter
about the pay, if the farm is large enough
to give him a chance to learn the handiwork
on an American farm.

Another thing that 'impressed me was Mr.
Rey’s philosophy. He offered no abuse
of Hitler or his regime. He spoke not of his
losses of property or home. He just accepted
it all as an incident of life. If he is a symbol
of Polish manhood, his country will endure.
In our exchange column he is seeking a
suitable connection. j. j. p.

“Seven Decades of Milk ”

HP HE Syracuse Her aid- Journal reviews this
book in a full column editorial in its issue
of April 21, 1941. It concludes:

He (the author) argues that the majority of
present milk co-operatives are not controlled
by farmers and holds that farm-owned and
farm -controlled co-operatives acting in union
are the only way producers “may win
the fight.”

Whether or not you agree with Mr. Dillon’s
philosophy, you will find his book interesting
reading whether you are a producer or dis¬
tributor or a consumer.

I have just finished reading your wonderful
book, “Seven Decades of Milk” and hasten to
tell you how much I enjoyed it. As I read and
studied it my amazement grew by leaps and
bounds. I was impressed not only by the great
and profound store of invaluable information it
contains, buf especially by the fact that based
on solid facts it yet reads like a stirring novel.
There is real humor in the incident of the city
folks, fed on blue milk, objecting to whole milk
because of the yellow scum that formed on it.

Your book will stand as a blazing inspiring
symbol for all time to your great genius as a
writer, and as a compilation of the facts on which
we all need to be informed. R. W. Duck.

“Seven Decades of Milk” throws out a line of
hope to dairymen, and gives an outline as to
what dairymen must do to save themselves. It
is the best thing ever written as an encourage¬
ment but it means that the farmers must get cut
and fight for their Paradise. This book marks
a milestone in the milk problem. k. s.

New York

Autographed copies of this book are mailed
daily from The Rural New-Yorker office at
the regular price of $3.00.

Brevities

“Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and a light
unto my path.” Psa. 119:105.

Under average conditions in Maryland it costs
$75 to $100 to raise a calf to freshening age.

On April 1, there were reported 1,920,000
quarts of cream held in cold storage warehouses
in this country.

The last crop of elm leaf beetles, may winter
in the garrets of houses. We have several re¬
ports of such infestations.

During 1940, egg-breaking plants produced
218,311,000 pounds of liquid eggs. Dried egg pro¬
duction was 7,487,000 pounds.

Treating seeds of grain, vegetables, etc. — yes,
it is a safeguard against diseases borne on the
seeds. There are various commercial preparations
available for this purpose.

The Connecticut Station recommends a tea¬
spoonful of calomel dust, made from 4 parts
calomel to 100 of gypsum, put around the stem
of cabbage plants to control the maggots.

Strawberries are the third largest fruit crop
in Connecticut — about 1,500 acres. The Station
Farm at Mt. Carmel is testing varieties suitable
for freezing. Catskill worked well for this pur¬
pose last year.

Ohio authorities have found that early-used
pastures, provided they are not over-grazed, de¬
velop herbage of higher, protein and mineral
content than where grazings are much delayed.
The legumes furnish these things and are crowded
out if other grasses over-grow them.

<Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

305

Our Great Democracy

Part I

HE now familiar slogan “the American
way of life” must mean the economic,
social, cultural, political, moral and spiritual
activities that shape and direct the lives of
the American people. The spiritual and moral
influences are the most important and en¬
during, but the political is the most aggressive
and, from a temporary standpoint, the most
dominating. It includes our form of govern¬
ment and the administration of it.

Our American system was founded 150
years ago by our forefathers as a government,
not of men, but of laws based on truth, order
and justice by the will of the governed. God
was acknowledged as the Creator of all men
and the just ruler of all both in Heaven and
on Earth" All true American citizens there¬
fore recognize God as an object of worship,
love, and obedience. Those who deny these
tenets are not legitimate citizens of the
American government. No man can repudiate
the tenets of an organization and yet fairly
claim the benefits of membership in it.

The government concedes the equal rights
of all citizens to life, liberty and the pursuit
of happinesss. It provides for the protection
of life and property. Each citizen is free to
go where he will, to choose his own occupation
and to enjoy the fruits of his labor, his skill
and his forethought. He is charged with the
duty of making his own living. The govern¬
ment does not owe him a living. On the con¬
trary, he is under obligation to do his part
and pay his share of the legitimate cost of
the government which he has a voice in direct¬
ing and which affords him protection of his
just rights. Gratuities from the government
are not a matter of right. It is a social charity
which all citizens voluntarily and cheerfully
contribute to those who in childhood, old age,
illness or misfortune are disqualified to pro¬
vide for themselves, but not to the indolent
or the slacker.

Self support, except in the cases cited just
above, is essential to the dignity of freedom
and liberty and manhood. The person who
is fed and clothed and sheltered by another
man or by a group is not a freeman. He be¬
comes a dependent and, when that system
receives social sanction, he becomes a slave.
The legislative, administrative and judicial
departments of the government were to be
not only independent of one another but
each two of them were to be a check on the
third.

Each civil jurisdiction was to conduct its
own affairs in its own way and at its own
expense, from the village or township to the
county, state, and nation. The consent
of the governed was to be the controlling
factor.

A people who believed that right and
wrong exist in the world, and that truth and
justice are attributes of God, realized that
freedom and liberty, so highly prized by
Americans, are subject to individual respon¬
sibility and discipline. Each citizen was free
to go where he wished to go, to choose his
occupation, to work or to loaf, so long as he
did not interfere with the equal freedom of
others and made his own living. He was
free to produce any kind of wealth, consume
it, sell it, exchange it, bequeath it or give it
away. He was protected in the enjoyment
of his life, his property and his freedom of
speech; but he was held responsible for not
interfering with the equal rights of others,
and for the self discipline to restrain him
from doing violence to the life and property
of his neighbors.

These were some of the basic principles on
which our self-governed democracy was
founded. This was the setup of our American
government 150 years ago. For about one-
half of our national life, the government was
run in the main on these principles and on
the Constitutional setup. It was the noblest
and most successful government the world
had ever known.

In our next issue we will review the de¬
parture from the letter and spirit of this
system and the present tendency, in the hope
that the comparison may help guide us on
a safe course for the future.

Industry was to be free. Labor and employ¬
ment were free to bargain between them¬
selves. Prices were determined by the will of
the buyer and the seller. Every person was
entitled to access to the land and other gifts
of nature necesary to support himself.

An Analysis of League Prices

Here is the message that I sent to the Editor
of the Pittsburgh Press which was published in
the March 30, 1941 issue of that paper:

“Too long have our newspapers and other
periodicals, except The Rural New-Yorker,
published prices which are very misleading
to the consuming public. Why not publish
the blended or net price the farmer receives
for all his milk, rather than that portion only
sold as Class I or bottled milk? If this were
done, the public would soon realize that the
farmer nets only from $1.50 to $1.65 per cwt.
or approximately 3% cents per quart for his
entire production, to say nothing of being
pestered to death by a variety of inspectors,
many of whom, aside from wanting to exer¬
cise their authority, know very little about
milk or bacteria.”

Pennsylvania E. W. Maxwell

I would like to have some information on
Dairymen’s League milk prices, having been
told by some farmers that the price for milk
published in The Rural New-Yorker is wrong
as to the League price. To prove this point, one
of these men, L. Y., gave me his check stub for
October, 1940 milk. He makes 4.05 per cent milk
which means a 22c premium for fat. The League
announced a price of $1.91 for October and on
this man’s stub, his “zone pool return” is stated
at $2.13. Deduct the 22c for premium and you
get, as he says, $1.91 a cwt. Yet the R. N.-Y.
published a price of $1.81 for League milk for
October, 1940. Can you explain this difference
to him and to me? Also, I think there are many
hundreds of League producers who would be
interested in your explanation. m. e.

HERE is ample reason why the League’s
milk returns are difficult to understand.
The price announced in the Dairymen’s League
News is “an average net pool return” which
really bears no relation to the actual price
received. That is why we have analyzed the
many statements and check stubs that have
been brought to our attention so that we can
publish each month the true net cash price
received by each League producer. In this
particular case of L. Y., we have broken
down the figures on his stub to explain the
apparent difference between the two prices.
This analysis appears on page 308 of this issue.

Naturally, no two returns can be figured
alike because of fat and freight differentials
and other items, such as deductions for cans,
supplies, etc. Nevertheless, it should help in
clarifying a problem that has been too long,
and deliberately, kept a muddle by those
League officials whose business it is to make
things difficult and keep their members
confused.

Dairymen Demand Action

HE March, 1941, milk price was $1.95 a
cwt. This was the first test for prices
under the Federal Order amendments which
were vigorously opposed last Winter by
officials of the Dairymen’s League and the
Bargaining Agency.

This $1.95 price is 3 cents higher than the
$1.92 price for March a year ago. The com¬
parison is really more favorable than the 3
cents indicates since the Class I price of $2.82
in March, 1940 was 17 cents higher than the
March, 1941 Class I price of $2.65 (not $2.37V2
as wrongfully reported in certain periodicals).
Also, production was higher than last year
by 3,000,000 pounds.

Administrator Cladakis attributes the gain
in price principally to the new amendments
which, according to his previous statements,
should net producers $5,000,000 more in a
year. Outside, unpriced milk netted $556,-
142.93 extra cash in the pool. The skim milk
adjustment added $178,000; the 2 cents in¬
crease on outside cream, $11,000; plus reduc¬
tions of $15,750 in cooperative payments and
$84,000 in diversion payments.

The prospects for May and June are how¬
ever not too bright. The April price is esti¬
mated at about $1.86, 5 cents more than a
year agq. But the May price for Class 1 will
drop from $2.45 to $2.20. On the other hand,
farm costs are rising fast. It is impossible
to procure farm labor at any price and we
are just coming into the busy season. The
present Federal Order is not geared to take

care of these next few months. It was never
intended to do so anyway because the amend¬
ments that became effective on March 1 were
originally planned to become effective January
1, to be superseded later in the Spring by a
new set of amendments. The Big-3’s oppo¬
sition last December caused an unforeseeen
delay of two months which has resulted in
the present crisis.

Farmers are now insisting on action. They
feel that the Federal Order has already proven
itself to be unwieldy and slow to meet any
sudden change or emergency but they also
believe that, in the hands of officials like
Secretary Wickard and Administrator
Cladakis, the usual politics and red tape can
be cut through and the necessary changes
made quickly.

The League and Bargaining Agency are
putting up a pretense of seeking their own
changes in the Federal Order. Actually these
officials don’t want any changes at all. Their
efforts to create this false impression are
limited pretty much to publicity in their own
house organs about a misleadingly high fluid
price and some mythical $17,000,000 more
money. In reality they are doing nothing in
the way of amendments and the reason is
clear. The big dealers are making good money
out of diversion, more than they ever antici¬
pated. Fluid milk is short in the city. It is
being shipped to manufacturing plants in the
country, sold to outside markets as cream,
made up into evaporated milk and other by¬
products. Under the Order, cheese diversions
will begin on a big scale this month and con¬
tinue through September. Already, cheese
makers have contracted to take all the milk
available and pay 10 to 15 cents a cwt. bonuses
to the dealers who supply them. All such
milk will, of course, be classified and paid
for as cheese and thus reduce the blended
price under the Federal Order, while huge
profits are piled up by dealers for themselves.

Farmers are requesting immediate action
from Washington to hold the Class I price at
$2.45 for May and June and, even more im¬
portant, to reduce the number of classes, raise
manufacturing prices, and take steps to wipe
out diversion payments and special bonuses,
none of which are reflected in the price to
the producer. Administrator Cladakis recog¬
nizes the need for such prompt action and has
promised his full support. He, in turn, would
like to obtain ideas and comments from milk
producers’ themselves.

Advice to Apple Men

I was reading with great interest recently your
editorial on the apple promotion tax. It seems to
me that this editorial was very sound in its
advocacy that growers themselves must support
the advertising and merchandising of their own
apples.

The apple growers, more than almost any agri¬
cultural industry, have it within their hands to
make their business prosperous. Of course, many
things contribute to this but my own thought is
that if they do just two things, it will change the
whole apple picture.

The first thing, especially for the Eastern apple
grower, is to use a package that gets the apple
into the hands of the housewife without bruising.
Last year we made a survey of over 200 retail
stores and were amazed at the extent of bruising,
not merely of Eastern apples but of Western
apples also. With the nearness to markets, I
can’t see why apple growers should tolerate any
bruised apples getting into the housewife’s hands.
If a package is used where no pressure comes on
to any of the apples, this can be accomplished. At
the same time a full measure must be provided
to the customer. So far I have not seen any
package that meets these requirements except
the 1 1/5 bushel box which can be loaded flush
with the top and in which the whole weight of
any package on top is borne by the wood and
not by the apples.

The second factor is sales promotion and ad¬
vertising as carried out by the New York & New
England Apple Institute, Appalachian Apples, and
kindred associations. It is still a puzzle to anyone
in the . distribution business why every grower
who raises even a bushel of apples does not hunt
out the nearest representative of his association
and chip m his penny a bushel. The orange
glowers have stolen two bases on the apple grower
and are on the home stretch just because they
are putting up — not a puny penny but a full
nickel per box for advertising.

There are other matters of great importance to
the apple growers, such as removing the bottle-
n6ck in the Now York market, but if thoy concon-
ti ated on the fiist two factors mentioned, they
should be faced with a long period of unusual
prosperity that would last until more apple
orchards can be planted with consequent increased
production. Lou Blachly.

New York

306

Vh* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

May 3, 1941

When cows become
“board biters ”

it is a sure sign that you can
make more money with

SALT

WHEN COWS and other animals bite
boards, chew fence rails and gnaw at
stalls and mangers, it is a sign that needed
minerals are missing from the animal diet.
Usually one of the missing minerals is
salt. All farm animals need salt and will
eat strange and unusual things to get it. ,
Bring them back to normal by feeding a
little of International's Sterling brands of
salt, increasing the quantity every day un¬
til animals do not eat all the salt fed to
them. Then keep high quality, Sterling
farm salt before them at all times.

Unless they are "salt-starved,” farm ani¬
mals will not eat too much salt. They may
get too little, unless they have free access
to it. That is why you can make money
from Sterling brands of salt. Properly fed
free choice, it will preserve the strength
and health of animals, help them produce
more and healthier young animals, and
grow bigger and better. For correct infor¬
mation about the profit in salt, write for
a free copy of the International book,
"White Gold for the Farmer’s Profit.”

INTERNATIONAL SALT COMPANY
INCORPORATED
Scranton, Pennsylvania

For granulated salt, ask
for Sterling "Perfection”
For flake salt, ask for
Sterling "Lion.” These
two illustrated Sterling
brands are among the
most popular produced
by International.

TABLE SALT, For quality, use
Sterling, the steam-sterilized
table salt. For economy, use
the 1 lb. 8 oz. square carton,
with metal pouring spout on
the side, at 54. Also the larger
2 lb. round and 3 lb. square
cartons, at 104.

FREE BOOK. Correct in¬
formation on farm uses of
salt in the International book,
"White Gold for the Farm¬
er’s Profit,” was compiled
by the Research Department
of International Salt Com¬
pany, Incorporated, Write
for a free copy.

Live Stock and Dairy

Pork Production Problems

By R. W. Duck

With a decline of be¬
tween eight and ten
million head of hogs in
the United States during
the past two years, plus
increased domestic and
allied foreign demand, there is bound
to be greatly increased pork prices.
No other class of livestock has sus¬
tained a higher percentage advance
during the past several months, and
further pork prices increases appear
inevitable. All surveys estimate a
smaller total Spring and Fall pig
crop combined than that of the past
year. Based on present National
programs it is estimated that England
alone can and probably will have
use and need for all our surplus lard,
if indeed any such surplus may
exist.

Creep Feeding

While discussing various pig pro¬
duction problems last Summer with
Prof. B. W. Fairbanks when I called
at the Illinois Experiment Station,
Urbana, he mentioned the fact that
most hog men and experiment sta¬
tion workers usually recommend
the use of a creep for nursing pigs.
While many convincing statements
have been presented in favor of the
practice, a careful search of experi¬
mental literature failed to show any
well-conducted tests in which the
comparative value of pig creeps had
actually been measured.

for required protein. The rye pasture
provided needed chlorophyll and
vitamins.

Protein Possibilities

Self-feeding grain and protein
supplements in separate containers
(free-choice) permits growing-fat¬

attain'a weight of 100
to 150 pounds they do
not require as much
digestible protein; their
required ratio will then
be about 1 to 6, or about
17 per cent protein feed. For weights
of 200 to 300 pounds they will re¬
quire a ratio of almost 1 to 7, or
about a 14 per cent ration.

This fact has been so clearly es¬
tablished by repeated tests at various
experiment stations, and its economy
and importance so fully appreciated

The Berkshire breed of hogs originated in England. They are noted for
their superior type carcass, smooth finish and as good grazers. These
Berkshires are owned by Clarence Tucker, Elbridge, Onondaga County, N. Y.

Recent investigational work con¬
ducted by Carroll, Burroughs, Fair¬
banks and Krider of the Illinois Sta¬
tion, relative to this matter is there¬
fore of special interest and vaiue. In
their test suitable sows were placed
in groups of three with their litters
in one-fourth acre rye lots. The
pigs in alternate groups were given
access to a self-feeder, while the
others were forced to eat with the

tening shoats to select and balance
their rations in accordance with in¬
dividual and age requirements. This
has been demonstrated experi¬
mentally to be more economical and
efficient with most feeds than at¬
tempting to mix a so-called complete

by most pork producers it is now a
common practice to lower the amount
of protein supplement placed in home
mixed feeds after pigs attain an
age of eight to ten weeks. As an
illustration, a mixture consisting of
corn or barley four parts (by weight)
and one part protein supplement,
should be modified to contain six
parts grain to each one part protein
supplement after the pigs are eight
to ten weeks of age. They may then
be kept on the wider ratio feed
until they have attained a market
weight of about 225 potmds.

Protein Supplement

Shade and good forage keeps these hogs healthy and gaining when supple¬
mented with home-grown grain and skim milk. John Jackson, Savannah,
Wayne County, N. Y., used a Chester White boar on grade sows to pro¬
duce these good feeder shoats.

sows. The sows were full-fed ear
corn twice daily on the ground. A
mineral mixture consisting of ground
limestone 2 parts, steamed bonemeal
2 parts, and salt 1 part was kept
constantly available. The creep fed
pigs were self - fed, free - choice,
shelled corn and a protein supple¬
ment consisting of tankage 2 parts,
and soybean oilmeal 1 part.

The results of this test will prob¬
ably be a surprise to many, because
the creep-fed pigs did not gain as
rapidly or as efficiently as those fed
with the sows. However, differences
were so slight the results show no
advantage or disadvantage from the
actual feeding methods used. The
sows fed with their litters lost an
average of 41 pounds per head in
about five weeks, while those with
pig creeps lost 43 pounds. During
this time the creep-fed pigs gained
an average of 20 pounds per head,
and the other group averaged 21
pounds. It must be remembered
these sows were on rye pasture and
fed ear corn on the ground. There
was therefore probably sufficient
room to prevent too close crowding
at feeding time. If brood sows are
closely penned in crowded quarters
they may injure nursing pigs at
feeding time, especially if their ra¬
tions are inadequate for either
quality or quantity. In this case the
sows milk served to balance the corn

hog ration, and then either hand or
self-feed the composite mixture.
Carefully controlled tests show that
growing-fattening pigs from 30 to
50 pounds in weight require an
average nutritive ratio of 1 part di¬
gestible protein to each 4.25 parts of
total non-nitrogenous digestible nu¬
trients, or in other words about a
25 per cent protein suitable ration.
As the pigs grow and fatten and

During the Winter of 1939-40
Weaver of the Missouri Experiment
Station compared the value of vari¬
ous protein supplements to corn for
fattening pigs, having an initial
weight of about 50 pounds and fed
for a period of 108 days. The feeds
used and manner of feeding was to
feed a No. 2 grade of shelled yellow
corn for the basal ration. Tankage
fed was dry rendered, guaranteed to
contain 60 per cent protein; the soy¬
bean oil meal was Expeller type, 41
per cent protein; the alfalfa meal
was a dehydrated product, guaran¬
teed to contain 20 per cent protein.
All groups were self-fed a mineral
mixture composed of equal jparts
finely ground limestone, steamed
bonemeal and salt. The corn and
protein supplements were self-fed,
free-choice. When the protein supple¬
ments consisted of more than one in¬
gredient they were mixed in definite
desired proportions before placing
them in the self-feeders.

This test is especially impressive
in demonstrating the value and
economy derived from the use of a
suitable protein supplement. The

Shade, adequate feed and water, plus exercise keep these Duroc brood
sows and gilts at the Ohio Experiment Station, Wooster, in thrifty

breeding condition.

Jht RURAL NEW-YORKER

307

check lot, ied corn alone, required
2,317.28 lbs. of corn to produce 100
lbs. of gain. The corn and tankage
pigs required 360.64 lbs. of corn and
36.12 lbs. tankage per cwt. gain.
When tankage and soybean oil. meal
were mixed equal parts, by weight,
and fed as mentioned to supplement
the corn, it required 322 lbs. corn
and 65.24 lbs. of protein supplement.
A protein supplement consisting of
tankage 1 part, and soybean oil
meal 2 parts, required 315.28 lbs. of
corn and 83.41 lbs. of supplement
for each 100 lbs. gain produced.
Using soybean oil meal as the sole
supplement required 300.72 lbs. of
corn and 117.60 lbs. of soybean oil
meal. Another group was fed the
trio mixture as a supplement, this
consisted of tankage 2 parts, soybean
oil meal 1 part, and alfalfa meal 1
part. They required 348.88 lbs. of
corn and 47.03 lbs. of the trio mix¬
ture per cwt. gain produced.

The two supplements producing
the most favorable results were those
containing a mixture of equal parts
tankage and soybean oil meal, and
the so-called trio mixture fed group.
There was very little difference be¬
tween rates of gain or total feed re¬
quired per unit of gain when the
supplement used was tankage alone
or a mixture of one-third tankage
and two-thirds soybean oil meal.
However, the pigs consumed almost
double the amount of protein supple¬
ment when soybean oil meal was
fed equal parts with tankage.

The apparent high palatability of
soybean oil meal as indicated by its
much greater consumption especially
when fed as the sole supplement is,
however, not the only reason the
pigs ate more of this supplement.
Although it was eaten to the extent
of about one-fourth more than
necessary to meet their protein re¬
quirements in the mixed supplements,
it will be remembered the tankage
was 60 per cent protein, while the
soybean oil meal was 41 per cent
protein. The ratio of consumption of
supplement to grain was then ap¬
proximately 1 to 5 for the group fed
equal parts tankage and soybean oil
meal. However, when soybean oil
meal was fed as the sole supplement
the pigs consumed it in the ratio of
one part to about two and one-half
parts corn.

These results show the necessity
for preferably mixing soybean oil
meal with the grain when it is to
be used as all or a considerable part
of the protein supplement, instead
of feeding it free-choice. A desir¬
able ratio is about one part soybean
oil meal to each six parts of corn
for pigs weighing from 100 to 200
pounds.

Feeding Distillery Slop

There is considerable interest and
demand concerning the comparative
feed value of distillery slop for hogs.
The recent investigations of Wilford
of the Kentucky Station offer some
valuable considerations concerning
this matter. In this test three kinds
of slop were used; one was whole
slop also caled thick slop. It con¬
sists of the residual material drawn
direct from the still. The second
type of distilllers slop is called thin
slop, it is the part passing through
the strainers when processing dis¬
tillers dried grains. Another kind
now assuming some commercial im-
'portance is called evaporated dis¬
tillers slop. This is made by evaporat¬
ing the water from thin slop until
it is about the consistency of semi¬
solid buttermilk. In the Kentucky
test they also used a homemade re¬
duced moisture content, by allowing
thin slop to settle for a few hours
and removing about one-third of
the top water.

The results obtained show that any
form of distillery slop is not a satis¬
factory hog feed if used alone. If fed
alone or in too great volume in pro¬
portion to grain and supplement it
produced slow, inefficient gains and
soft oily carcasses. It was found that
if corn was fed in the proportion of
not less than 56 pounds shelled (one
bushel) to each 50 gallons of settled
slop, it resulted in good gains and
satisfactory carcasses. More rapid
and economical gains were produced
when tankage was self-fed plus corn.

The tests show that in feeding dis¬
tillery slop to hogs using proper
amounts of corn and tankage as a
supplement its comparative feeding
values were, thin slop one-half cent
per gallon, settled slop three-fourths

cent per gallon and whole slop one
cent per gallon. These values are
computed on the basis of corn at 60
cents per bushel and tankage at $65
per ton. Shrink in shipping would
also be a factor. When the hogs were
starved for 24 hours before slaughter
the evaporated slop fed group aver¬
aged 20 pounds shrink as compared
with 6 to 7 pounds for corn and
tankage fed hogs.

Mixed Supplements

Various tests at different stations
have demonstrated that a combina¬
tion of different animal and vegetable
proteins are more efficient and
satisfactory when used as a mixed
protein supplement for hogs than
any one of the several ingredients
fed singly. Vestal’s work at the
Indiana Station is especially com¬
prehensive relative to this important
hog feeding consideration. When I
visited at Purdue last Summer Prof.
Vestal discussed the various phases
of their more recent tests relative
to comparative values of different
protein supplements with me.

For Summer feeding on good
pasture the following protein supple¬
ment, self-fed (free-choice) with
grain, was found most efficient and
economical. Meat and bone scraps
(tankage could be substituted) 20
lbs., Menhaden fish meal 20 lbs.,
soybean oil meal 40 lbs., linseed oil
meal 10 lbs., cottonseed meal 10 lbs.
For Winter feeding in dry lot the
protein supplement which proved the
best consisted of meat and bone
scraps or tankage 20 lbs., Menhaden
fish meal 20 lbs., soybean oil meal
40 lbs., cottonseed meal 10 lbs., and
alfalfa meal 10 lbs. In all cases the
various supplements containing some
fish meal were more efficient than
those without it. A supplement com¬
posed of 40 lbs. meat and bone
scraps or tankage, 50 lbs. soybean
oil meal, and 10 lbs. alfalfa meal
was the most efficient of the supple¬
ments used which did not contain
any fish meal.

A mineral mixture consisting of
10 lbs. pulverized limestone, 10 lbs.
steamed bone meal, and 1 lb. of salt
was kept available at all times. The
pigs also had access to salt. Some
feeders prefer to use a little less salt
in the mineral mixture and feed it
separately. This point has never been
checked by any controlled test as
far as available literature shows.

ROSS mS1

...32nd YEAR OF CONTIN¬
UOUS MANUFACTURE AND
USE. . . now tighter, stronger,
easier to buy and maintain. Per¬
fectly preserves corn or grass
with juices intact. No freeze
Fire, wind and weatherj
proof. Save money by investigat- ;
ing now before the prices advance.

Write Today for Details.

113 Warder St.
Springfield, Ohio •

GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

350 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls from proved
sires and high record dams. Reasonably priced. Also a
few heifer calves. Write for pedigrees and full particu¬
lars. Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE, FLATS. N. Y.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS

DELHI - NEW YORK
Offers for sale at reasonable prices registered Guernseys
3 young registered oows due in July; 2 yearlings; 5
bred and ready to bred heifers. If interested write
at once for further particulars.

| _ SHORTHORNS _ |

THE STEADY INCOME FROM MILK

and Meat Shorthorns keeps the farm family, pays the
farm bills. Trial subscription MILKING SHORT¬
HORN JOURNAL, 6 months 50c. or 12 months $1.00.
Subscribe now or write for free literature.

MILKING SHORTHORN JOURNAL
Dept. F-l, 7 Dexter Park Ave., Chicago, Illinois

KVkl* Cain Dual Purpose Shorthorn bulls, up to
A ASA OalC serviceable age; also heifers. Some
descendants of Royal Knight, 5S R. M. daughters.

R. L. ACOMB & SONS. DANSVILLE, N. Y,

JERSEYS

FOR SALE - JERSEY COWS

A few very choice registered and bred heifers. Heard
free from T.B. and Bangs. For further information
phono or write HALCYON FARMS, Goshen, N. Y.

Registered Hereford Bulls 5S"Sgn,r.a„a £Sg

WEST ACRES FARMS, New Lebanon, New York

| .% HEREFORDS m\ "~|

Trolled Ilorefords

New York Hereford Breeders Association Sale Ithaca.
May 3, 1941. We are consigning two breeding bulls
two bred heifers: a cow and calf: one yearling heifer

THE GAGE STOCK FARMS, DELANSON, N. Y.

| GOATS .% |

MILK GOATS Toggenberg and Saanens, sold on

proval. Pony Farm, Hinirod, N.

Purebred Nubian Kids, out of price stock. Hert
Gericko. 1158 Richmond Av„ Port Richmond, S. I..N

HORSES and PONIES

]

' ‘I

Universal

HAS THEM ALL

Short-tube milkers, pail type
or portable-— whatever kind
you prefer. They're all
UNIVERSALS — the finest ma¬
chines this famous company
has built in all its 25 years of
experience.They milkfaster — j
cleaner-— saferthenever.wifhj
only 10 inches of vacuum.
See your Universal dealer
before you buy any milker.

THE

UNIVERSAL MILKING
MACHINE COMPANY^

DEPT. RN
SYRACUSE. N. V.

(i . ne°re$t
U?'versa,
ler.

| .-. ABERDEEN-ANGUS

PLAN TO ATTEND

The Fifth Annual

Eastern Aberdeen -Angus Sale

Cornell University, Judging Pavilion, Ithaca, N.Y.

MONDAY, MAY 12, 1941

Show Starts Sale Starts
9:30 A.M. 12:30 P.M.

Luncheon Will Be Served

— 54 HEAD —

Foundation Cattle from the
outstanding herds of the
Northeast. All T. B. ac¬
credited and Bangs free.
Approved.

8 BULLS 46 FEMALES

For Catalogues Address

Myron M. Fuerst Prof. John I. Miller

Sales Manager or Cornell University

Pine Plains, N. Y. Ithaca, New York

Andelot Aberdeen -Angus

One of the largest and finest purebred Aberdeen-
Angus herds in America. Now offering a choice
lot of heifers and young bulls. Accredited for
both T. B. and Bang's Disease.

ANDELOT STOCK FARMS

WORTON

MARYLAND

ALBEMARLE

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

AUCTION

Monday, May 19th — Keswick (near Charlottesville)

Cattle from the leading Virginia Herds.
For information and catalogs write

VIRGINIA ABERDEEN-ANGUS ASSOCIATION

C. T. Neale, Mgr., Gordonsville, Va.

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Angui beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen - Angus Breeders' Association, Col¬
lege Park, Md., or Eastern Aberdeen - Angus Breeders'
Association, Ithaca. New York.

ONE TRIED SIRE, 5 young bulls from 8-18
months old. Very well bred, thick, short -legged.

C. C. TAYLOR, - LAWTONS. NEW YORK

A wriic TAR SAIF Good grades; four cows, calves
rtllUUJ lull unLL at foot, four yearling heifers,
young purebred bull; $900. lot here. T. B. Bangs free.

WINDSOME FARM, LITCHFIELD, CONNECTICUT

AYRSHIRES

Most Profitable Cows

Big Miltcer* - - Hardy Rustlers
.Good Grazers - Perfect Udders

WV«t« for Booklet!

Ayrshire Breeders' Association

96 Center St., Brandon Vt.

Ffip CATC Pedigree Ayshire bull, 8 months old.
I VJIY OrtLL in excellent condition, from high
producing cow and great bull. $100. For pedigree
write FRANK SILVERN AIL, Supt.. Hyde Park. N. Y.

HOLSTEINS

Sons of Montvie Pathfinder

Leading sire of Type, Test and Production and
Springbank Aristocrat Ideal. His dam Springbank
Abbekerk Adeline 1144 fat.

F. C. WHITNEY - ILION, N. Y

•Wk PUREBRED HOLSTEINS

with D. H. I. Becords. Bull two years. Four Cows.
One six-months heifer. ELM RIDGE FARM.

W. P. Browne, 45 West 45th St, New York City

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

mported and American bred Sorrels and Roans
AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

BELGIAN HORSES

AT STUD

ROSCO PEEL Grand Champion

AND

TONY de BOY GBOERdeSBOV0f

Stallions, Mares and Colts for Sale

Reasonably Priced

EUGENE P. FORRESTEL, - Medina, N. Y.

Belgian Stallions — “The Good Kind”

Yes. Gentlemen, the kind that will please the critics.
More good ones than can be seen any other one place
in America. Prices below competition. Guaranteed to
be breeders. Will take in exchange stallions or any
bind of livestock at its commercial value. Terms to
the financially responsible: three or four years to pay.
If your community needs a good stallion write to
Ohio’s pioneer in the business, or come and
see our wonderful bargains.

A. W. GREEN, ORWELL, OHIO, Phone 4-L
40 miles east of Cleveland, Ohio, on Route 322,

• For Sale: Team Work Horses •

Saddle mare, especially suitable for children or woman
rider; also other horses, all in good condition, sound,
and at fair prices. Inspection invited. “Island Farm.”
Center Bridge, P.0. New Hope, Pa. Phone 646-R4.

BELGIAN STALLION LV^uf^a^ PoTd9

Weight 2000 lbs. Bred In Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

ASH GROVE FARMS, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.

WANTED HORSE

Ride, Drive, Quiet and Reliable.

H. C. Leggett, P. 0. Box 342, Goshen, New York

Morgan & Shetland Ponies

Young stock for sale: also broken ponies suitable for
children. TORREYA FARM, Millbrook, N. Y.

FftR SATF0R SERVICE PERCHERON STALLION:
i uiv unLL Begistered four years old. Dapple gray-
black. Located at Smithville Flats, New York.

GLADSTONE BROS. ANDES, NEW YORK

[

SWINE

]

CHESTER WHITES

Gilts and Boars sired by Bainbow Lad our famous
Western Boar, farrowed last Fall, now ready to ship,
double inoculated for Cholera $20.00.

DENTON’S FARM, Flanders, N. J

Or write office, I West 57th Street, New York

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6-7 wks. old $5.00 each. Good 8-9 wk3. old $5.50
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.

or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do

not please you return them at my expense.

Pine anil Shnatc that eat- li7e and grow. Mostly P.

rigs diiu onoais Chinas an(1 Berbs some Duroc9>

Chesters and Hamps., 6 to 8 weeks $4; Shoats, 30

lbs., $5; 40 lbs. $6 ea. State 2nd choice. Serum

vaccinated, castrated, crated; F.O.B. express here to
all points in N. Y., N. J.. Pa., or Conn. Unrelated
breeders $1 each extra. Money back guarantee to sat¬
isfy on arrival. Express 50e on pigs to $1 on shoats.
For big hogs next Winter order now from
C. STANLEY SHORT. CHESWOLD, DEL.

A few nice feeders six weeks $4.50.

Eight weeks $5.00 each. Shipped C.O.D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM, Lexington, Mass. Tel. 1085

REG. CHESTER WHITES Quality ^ breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton, Chester Co., Penna,

B^rksIlirPC Pure bred P‘6s f°r breed-
c ® ing stock. Not registered.

Harvey A. Foster, 34 Coleman St., Springfield, Mass.

REG DUROfS EalA-Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
KLU. UUliULJ Pattmgton, Scipio Center, New York

FOR SAIF ^•B^shites-Spting and Fall

t U1V J.4 L L piGS. B . 11. Price, Barton, N. Y.

| .-. DOGS |

COLLIES — Sable and White

Very well bred; reasonable.

E. EARL HARDING. _ - _ ALBION, N. Y.

Il KEBREb COCKE K PITPS AND DOGS.
Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably
priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

COLLIER Sable; excellent breeding; all

W W »■■ ■ w* w ages, $ 15.00 up. COL*LOVER
KENNELS, 1608 East Erlo Blvd., Syracuse, New York

For Sale GERMAN POLICE DOGS J™.=

JOHN SCHMELZ' CREAMERY. eiLBOA. N. Y.

FOR SALE SHEPHERD PUPS;S£l,

Mrs. Eli Thomas, Estate; Adams Center, New York

P U P P I F S 4 11 breeds, shipped anywhere. Free
breeds described. ^c.^ROYAL. ^o.

RELIABLE SHEPHERDS

Reg. Collies— Beaeles 4° a^e*„anl_color- woodi*n<i

5 vunica ucagicb Farms, Central Snuare, N. Y.

BULL TERRIER PUPPIES— White; registered- real

beauties. E. LEIDY, MIDDLESEX, NEW JERSEY

1 LkP- COLLI E PUPS, with herding inHn«^

make heel-drivera, bewntla*. Wllmot, Ejut ThetfoftlTvL

Pad. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups K*,“"’'Troe,,^TP4*r"

M?Jes. $5 to $25; females $3 to $20.
Spayeds $8. Maidie G. Putnam, Grafton, Mass,

RABBITS

RAISE ANGORA RABBITS— for wool and for meat.

r n*rr? «: c xU m rri o' 4 c work. VVrite for particulars.

GILCREST ANGORAS, EAST HAVEN. CONN.

308

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 3, 1941

ALWAYS

At Much Lower Cost /
Than Ever Before •

With the DAIRY-MAID
ELECTRIC WATER HEATER

At last! A portable heater that uses
slow heating, automatically con¬
trolled... plus heavy insulation... to
give you plenty of hot water, 24 hours
a day, at much less cost than you ever
dreamed possible ! No pressure needed;
no expensive installation; just plug it
in! Nothing in years has made such a
tremendous hit with dairy farmers all
over America! NOW they can main¬
tain cleanliness always.. .at the least
possible cost! Heavy insulation keeps
the water hot for many hours and,
by automatic control, current is used
only when needed. That saves you
DOLLARS 'MAKE US PROVE IT!

Ask for FREE
Demonstration !

Just Mail Coupon!

BABSON BROS. CO. of N.Y.

5G6 Spencer St
Dept. 3Q75, Syracuse, N.Y.

Please mail full particulars about the
Dairy-Maid Heater, your Easy Terms,
and your Free Demonstration Offer.

Name _

Town _

R.F.D. State

SAVE THE
JUICE I

Wood is the proven —
best material for silos
and curing silage. All
wood silos aren’t alike.
Only the Unadilla has
the patented lock dow-
elling that ties the en¬
tire silo into a Juice-
Tight, wind-proof, en¬
during structure. With
fair care it will outlast
any other silo.

D.Q0R vj||
FR0NT<1!

UNADILLA

SILOS

MAKES ANY BULL SAFE

Combined Bull HaT» — —
ter and Controller tame* any
bull. Turn your herd sire out
with tomplete safety. Stops fence
jumpers. Saves work, feed.
Money - back guarantee. Don’t
risk life and limb — act today!

RUSSELL & COMPANY

FOR FREE Dept. 20v Pl&ttevlll©,, Wlf»

BOOKLET

An Analysis of League
Milk Prices

L. Y., a League producer from
Pennsylvania, states that he received
$1.91 for his October, 1940 milk and
objects to our publishing a League
price of $1.81 for that month. The
following analysis explains why
L. Y. only received a net cash price
of $1.81, and not $1.91 as he believes.

The figures on L. Y.’s check stub
appear as follows:

Weight . 16.935 lbs.

Test . . . . . 4.05%

Zone Pool Return . $2.13

Your Return Per Cwt . $2.13

Amount . $360.82

Supplies . . $4.70

Supplies . $5.47

Certificate of Indebtedness . . $8.47

Frt. Diff. Rate . .05

Amount of Draft . $342.08

The plant to which L. Y. draws
his milk is within 140 miles of the
metropolitan market and under the
Federal Order he is therefore en¬
titled to a plus freight differential
of 5 cents, as shown on the check
stub. If the $1.91 price published
by the League News is correct, this
means that a price of $1.96 should
be paid for 3.5 per cent milk at
L. Y.’s country plant. Add to this
his butterfat premium of 22 cents
and you get a price of $2.18. From
this total of $2.18 must be deducted
the service and plant charges of
$4.70 (2.8 cents a cwt.) and $5.47
(3.2 cents a cwt.), together with
the $8.47 deducted for certificates of
indebtedness (5 cents a cwt.). These
three deductions total 11 cents which
should give L. Y. a net price of $2.07;
that is, if the $1.91 published by the
League News is correct. However,
instead of receiving $2.07, L. Y. was
only paid at the rate of $2.02 a cwt.
Divide the cash received by L. Y.,
$342.08, by 169.35 cwts., the amount
of milk delivered by him during
October, and the result is a price
of $2.02 a cwt.

The reason for the 5 cents differ¬
ence between the price that L. Y.
should have received, if the pub¬
lished League price is correct, and
the price that L. Y. actually did
receive, is that the return announced
by the League includes a 5 cents plus
differential which must be deducted
by every League producer in figur¬
ing his own net cash price.

The $1.81 price published in The
Rural New-Yorker for October, 1940
milk was the net cash price for
3.5 per cent milk in the 201-210
mile zone, as distinguished from the
$1.91 gross return announced by the
League. To determine this net cash
price, the 5 cents plus differential
and the 5 cents taken out for certifi¬
cates, a total of 10 cents, must be

deducted from the announced price.
Deduct, therefore, these two items
totaling 10 cents from the $1.91 re¬
turn announced by the League and
you get a net cash price of $1.81, as
published in The Rural New-Yorker.

There is a second way to prove
the correctness of the October $1.81
net cash price.

Net cash price published
by The R. N.-Y. for 3.5%

milk 201-210 mile zone . $1.81

Plus 5c freight differential . 05

i 1.86

Plus 5.5 fat points at 4c
a point . 22

$2.08

Less $4.70 service charge

(2.8c a cwt.) . 028

2.052

Less $5.47 plant charge

(3.2c a cwt.) . 032

Net cash return to L. Y . $2.02

The point that must be made clear
is that if L. Y. had received the
$1.91 as published by the League, his
check would have been 10 cents a
cwt. more, or $16.94. But out of that
announced price of $1.91 were taken
the 5 cent differential and 5 cents
for certificates.

There is still a third way to check
these figures. L. Y.’s October check
was for $342.08. Add to this the $4.70
and the $5.47 (which he would have
received if he had not bought
supplies), and you get a total of
$352.25. Then deduct from this
$352.25, the 22 cents fat premium
which amounts to $37.28, and you
get a balance of $314.97. Deduct
again from this figure of $314.97 the
$8.47 taken out for certificates and
the balance is $306.50. Then divide
this $306.50 by the amount of milk
produced by L. Y. in October, that
is 169.35 cwts., and you get a net
cash price of $1.81 for September,
1940.

The complicated method used by
the League management in announc¬
ing its monthly price has caused
much misunderstanding and con¬
fusion, particularly among League
producers. The problem is still
further aggravated by the fact that
each producer’s own return is
figured differently because of the
weight, fat, freight, and other items
and therefore, no general rule can
be laid down for figuring out a basic
price for all producers shipping to
the League. The only guide that
can now be used, under the present
method of League operations, is for
each League producer to take the
gross pool return each month and
deduct 10 cents. This will give him
the net cash price which he should
receive, subject ‘to his own particu¬
lar plus and minus differentials.

Our Cover Page

The White Birch is the nation’s
choice to honor Motherhood. The
tree pictured on our cover page was
the first tree planted and dedicated
for this purpose by Solon L. Parkes,
on the shores of Lake Antietam, May
13, 1923. There was a rededication
ceremony by Mayor G. Henry Stump
of the City of Reading in 1928.

This • tree is registered in the
‘■‘Hall of Fame” for trees by the
American Forestry Association,
Washington, D. C.

Helping the Blind to Write

Some time ago I wrote you telling
how a friend helped her blind sister
to write letters. I feel sure this idea
would help many, so I am sending
some sheets from a letter from this
friend who is 72 years old. A. b. c.

New York

This writing is done on paper
having perforated lines about three-
fourths inch apart. The blind person
is able to keep the words on the line
by feeling the perforations.

Matilda’s Pride II, bred by the Gage Stock Farm, Delanson, N. Y.

Udder Balm

H. W. NAYLOR CO. .. MORRIS, N.Y.

Dependable Veterinary Products

ANTISEPTIC
ointment lor
udder and teats.

The same soothing,
softening and
absorbing ointment
in which Dr. Naylor
Dilators are pocked.
Reduces congestion.
Promotes clean, rapid
healing.

50c

ox»

Made for Dairymen by a Veterinarian

Safe and dependable treatment for
Spider Teat, Scab Teats, Cut and
Bruised Teats, Obstructions

Dr. Naylor Dilators are medicated and
saturated with the antiseptic ointment
in which they are packed.

They have a deep, yielding surface
of soft absorbent texture which fits
either large or small teats without
overstretching or tearing and which
carries the medication INTO teat
canal to seat of the trouble.

Dr. Naylor Dilators furnish soft, com¬
fortable protection to the injured
lining and keep teat canal open in its
natural shape while tissues heal.

The Only Soft Surface Dilators

Large Pkg. (48 Dilators) $1.00

Trial Pkg. (1 8 Dilators) .50

VO YOUR WORK

with less neipf

With this Papec on your farm, two
men can put away a lot of hay in a day.
Chopped hay goes into the barn or stack
faster, doubles mow capacity, feeds out
easier, is cleaned up 100%. No one works
in the hot, dusty mow. No stops for bad
weather because you can turn uncured
hay into good grass silage.

Papec, with its man-saving finger feed
roll, handles regular silage crops faster and
easier than any ordinary cutter. Chops and
stores straw after combining. Shreds
fodder. Elevates feed grains.

Send postal or name on margin of this
ad for FREE BOOKLET telling how to
handle all your feed and bedding with less
labor. No obligation. Papec Machine Co.,
105 S. Main St., Shortsville, N. Y.

A£ MAKE HAY

7 ' Rain «r Shine ||

~ liith r “

hay CHOPPER-SILO filled

By all odds, the best buy is the sturdy , up-to-the-
ninute, cost-cutting Gehl. Excels in light running,
dean cutting at low speed. Saves time and work.

Special hay feeder cuts hay into mow with
lay fork speed. Saves half the storage space. Cattle
dean it all up — no waste. Efficient blower can t
dog. Fills highest silos at low speed.

All steel construction, unbreak-
ible flywheel, enclosed gears. ^

Fills silo, cuts hay into mow, ^
makes grass silage.

Send for

FREE CATALOG
and name of
nearest dealer
Gehl Bros. Mffi. 1
430 Water St.

DEHORNING PASTE

PREVENT GROWTH the humane
way when calves are young by using
DANA’S DEHORNING PASTE.
Applied in a jiffy; absolutely effective,
yet harmless. No bleeding or soreness.
One bottle sufficient for 50 young or 35
older calves. Satisfaction guaranteed
or money back. SI postpaid, with free
copy Dana’s Dairy and Breeders’ Sup¬
ply Oatalog. 48 pages. C.H.DANACO.,
77 Main St., Hyd* Park, Vermont

For $2 postpaid. Edmond’s Poultry
Account Book. The Rural New-
Yorker 333 W. -30th St., New York.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

309

V^e*'1

i^nampiun uursvi ewe we me i/ew Indi¬
ana State Fair, fitted and shown by
J. R. Henderson, owner and manager of
the Valley View Farm, Hickory, Penn.

A prominent breeder of Dorsets and a
successful showman, J. R. Henderson,
as secretary-treasurer of the Continental
Dorset Club, is actively interested in
America’s only organization for the reg¬
istry of Dorset Sheep.

Good shepherds, keenly aware of the
importance and true thriftiness in de¬
manding first of all, dependability, have
established the effectiveness of Nema
Worm Capsules through years of con¬
tinued use. Scientifically prepared, easy
to give, dependable, and low in cost,
Nema Worm Capsules are available in
various sizes for animals of different

FREE

ILLUSTRATED

BOOKLET

ages and weights.

Send for the new, helpful book¬
let No. 650 on the worming of
livestock, dogs and foxes.

Write to Animal Industry Dept., Desk N-39-E

PARKE, DAVIS & CO., DETROIT, MICH.

Drug Stores Sell Parke-Davis Products

NEW, Faster

uinMAN MILKER

Write today for free folder
on the new Hinman milker —
the sensation of the milker
world. Learn
how its gentler,
low - vacuum
milking action
soothes the
cows . . . emp-
udder faster . . .
milks up to 15 cows per
hour with one unit. Read
how its faster milking
helps you get more milk,
more butterfat than from
all slower methods of
milking. And how this
extra production soon
pays for the new Hinman.

Easy to handle, easy to
clean, the new Hinman
milker is the result of 33
years of success in making
milkers. Write today for the
new Hinman Folder — no
obligation.

Box 21

Oneida, New York

Hinman Milking Machine Co., Inc.

SENSATIONAL NEW PHENOTHIAZINE
WORM TREATMENT NOW AVAILABLE
IN THREE FORMS

PTZ Pellets (new and cheaper than
capsules) and PTZ Drench for individ¬
ual treatment of sheep, goats, horses
and cattle.

PTZ Powder (100% phenothiazine)
may be given in feed to swine, horses
and poultry.

Get PTZ from your Dr. Hess dealer,
or write Dr. Hess & Clark, Inc., Ash¬
land, Ohio.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

The Growing Colt

A well-grown yearling should at¬
tain approximately one-half its
maximum mature weight during the
first 12 months. This will require
about an average of eight pounds
concentrates and 10 pounds good
quality roughage daily. Nursing colts
should have access to a creep where
they can eat as desired without dis¬
turbing the mare. A mixture of 3
parts oats, and 1 part wheat bran
is good to start with. If best quality
legume hay is not available a little
linseed meal should be added. After
the colts are from two to four
months old the mixture can be
modified some by the gradual addi¬
tion of corn or barley or some of
both. Some horsemen use corn and
barley from the beginning, but in
general the colts with the best bone
and growth are the ones receiving
considerable oats plus some wheat
bran as the principal part of their
concentrate ration for their first six
to eight weeks.

Five to seven months of age is a
good time to wean colts depending
on the need for the service of the
mare. It is advisable not to let a
colt nurse a mare when she is hot
or tired from work, as the milk so
produced may cause a digestive dis¬
turbance. Frequent nursings are de¬
sirable; however, if the colt has the
company of others it will not fret
too much, and such absences make
final weaning less difficult. Complete
and final separation is usually best
at weaning time. If the feed of the
mare is reduced and she is milked
clean and this repeated in about 12
hours the teats may then be painted
with mercurochrome and sealed with
collodion (new-skin), with no fur¬
ther attention to her udder. Swelling
caused by her milk secretion will be
resorbed. Such methods of drying-
off both cows and mares have been
found to be beneficial to the udder
and its glands by several leading in¬
vestigators at various experiment
stations.

Worming colts and horses once or
twice yearly with the new drug
Phenothiazine is proving an easy and
effective method of controlling and
preventing internal parasitic in¬
festations. R. w. D.

Sweet Potatoes for Live¬
stock

Sweet potatoes for livestock feed
will be produced this year at one
of the state institution farms in
Alabama; 500 acres will be planted
for this purpose.

The idea of growing and process¬
ing sweet potatoes as carbohydrate
feed for livestock in the South has
been advocated for some time by
the Federal scientists. Howard S.
Paine, Chief of the Agricultural
Chemical Research Division of the
Bureau says that the bureau’s chem¬
ists and engineers will supply tech¬
nical assistance for the State’s new
venture in feed production in much
the same way that they have been
assisting in the solution of the prob¬
lems of making sweet potato starch
at the cooperative starch plant at
Laurel, Miss..

The bureau, working at the starch
plant has given considerable atten¬
tion to the possibilities of a livestock
feed made from the by-product pulp
at starch plants, or from sweet
potatoes from which starch has not
been extracted. They found that the
sugar-beet shredder was an effective
and economical machine with which
to prepare sweet potatoes for dry¬
ing for feed.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

May 10. — Field Day and Sheep
Shearing Contest, Glastonbury, Conn.

May 14. — American Guernsey
Cattle Club, Pennsylvania Hotel,
New York.

May 14. — Ayrshire Breeders Meet¬
ing, Syracuse, N. Y.

June 19. — Dairymen’s League
Annual Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y.

June 23-26. — American Dairy Sci¬
ence Assn., Burlington, Vt.

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29 -Aug. 1.— Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

IDEA

LOADER

ALL

HAY

FARM WAGONS

Most useful wagons you can
buy. Handle every hauling
job. Modern all-metal con¬
struction. Steel Wheeled
Model with tough, hot-
formed wheel rims. Air-
Tired Model furnished when
desired without tires and
tubes so owner can use old
auto tires at a big saving
in cost.

WHEN you see a big load building up
fast with the NEW IDEA Loader, you
have the satisfaction of knowing that you're
really getting ALL the hay — the valuable
leaves and short pieces as well as the
stems. The direct-motion cylinder picks up
clean from swath or windrow and delivers
the hay to the push bars without winnowing
action. The deck yields under heavy lifts to
prevent destructive jamming and compres¬
sion. Its closed construction prevents leaves
and short pieces from falling through. The
balanced pushbars elevate without thresh¬
ing action. You have more hay of better
quality. See NEW IDEA Loaders (*), Rakes
and Mowers at your dealers.

£ £

1 »

§ =2
" £

o □

■ M
L L

<y v

2 °
I-3

o □

5 >
o

VM* 2E

Q □

J 2

£ o
oc

< c
Ul o

New

Save

*Heavy Duty Model loader available for handling
silage hay, green alialla, peas, beans, etc.

New Idea, inc.

Particular Thresher men Prefer

GRAIN THRESHERS

Frick Threshers

Frick Threshers are of welded steel construction, fitted ^B
with roller and ball bearings, pressure lubrication, heavy ^B
cylinder of large diameter, specially designed cylinder and
concave teeth, deflecting beater, and patented roller-gravity ^
cleaner. Thorough cleaning and large capacity ^
make Frick separators the choice of farmers and ^
custom threshermen throughout the country. ^
^ Ask your nearest Frick Dealer for

literature on our full line of power
farming machinery.

^ Branches at:- Canandaigua and Scotia

N.y.: Pittsburgh. Williamsport, Harris-
burg and Easton, Penna.

WAYNESBORO. PA.

THESE

TWO NEW
MARIETTAS
IN SERVICE
NEAR

CHARLES¬
TON. S. C.

'Protection
Asainst Fire!
Storm! Waste!
{And Timet

IN SOUTH CAROLINA, MAINE.
OR WHEREVER YOU ARE

MARIETTA STR^CTION^U-OS

ASSURE GREATEST KNOWN
FEED CROP PROTECTION!

MARIETTA CONCRETE STAVE SILOS

Famous for Super-Construction, to withstand
ALL inside pressures — assure year ’round "N®
Gamble ” protection, anywhere, for Hay or
Corn silage.

Built-to-endure against ALL inside and outside
attacks — including FIRE, STORM, Vermin and
Time — their dependable performance has made
MARIETTA “the greatest name in silos.”
Lock-joint, “drop-forged” staves of clean sand
and gravel. (No combustible quarry refuse.)
Scientific acid-resisting treatment — inside. Re¬
frigerator-seal type Redwood hinged doors. Max¬
imum strength tested hooping. Our own,
perfect-lit, dome roof.

It pays — ALL WAYS — to investi¬
gate — then invest in Marietta’s
guaranteed extra protection. Mail
postal TODAY for Silo Profit Facts.

The Marietta Concrete Corp.

MARIETTA,/ Write Nearest V®?lt%ore’XIM£
OHIO VOffice-Dept. R 'Ls“Yj”e^jNYC*

When you write advertisers mention The R. N. - Y. and you ’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal. ” See guarantee editorial page.

310

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

May 3, 1941

Cotton Week

May 16 to 24 will be celebi'ated
as Cotton Week all through the
country. That should be a good
time to get pretty and inexpensive
materials for dresses for mother and
the girls as well as for various other
family and household needs. So I
suggest that you be on watch for
good things in cotton that may be
on display duri g that week in your
nearby stores. Most cotton garments
are simple to make and easy to
keep clean. c. b. w.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

I would suggest that, before send¬
ing material through to anyone in
the Handicrafter column, you get
in correspondence with the person
first to make sure that what you
have to exhange for her needs is
exactly what she wants, so that
you may have a mutual under¬
standing. c. b. w.

You happen upon them — like lovely
things

Not quite expected, but when they
are found

You remember them with sun and
wings

And birds’ songs and the wind’s
sound.

Sprinkled with dew, they are gems
in the grass

For dreams to keep, but they are
sweet

To the taste and their fragrance
does not pass

Soon from the lips stained while
you eat.

They are sweet — but they also have
a tang

Of wildness the garden ground
rejected.

And glamour is theirs ... as if
they sprang

From a summer mood not quite
expected!

Boys and girls will remember a
scent,

Teasing, elusive, that led them over

A wall to a spot of wonderment

Wild strawberries made on a
slope of clover.

— Glenn Ward Dresbach

If Ruptured
Try This Out

Modern Protection Provides Great
Comfort and Holding Security

Without Tortuous Truss Wearing

An “eye-opening” revelation in sensible and
comfortable reducible rupture protection may
be yours for the asking, without cost or obliga¬
tion. Simply send name and address, and full
details of the new and different Rice Method
will be sent you Free. Without hard flesh-goug¬
ing pads or tormenting pressure, here’s a
Support that has brought joy and comfort to
thousands — by releasing them from Trusses
with springs and straps, that bind and cut. De¬
signed to securely hold a rupture up and in
where it belongs and yet give freedom of body
and genuine comfort. For complete information
— write today !

WILLIAM S. RICE, Inc.
Dept. 64-P, Adams, N. Y.

HOMEY COMFORT

“I have lots of peony bulbs, rose
scented, deep pink and white ones
which I will exchange for quilt
pieces or any perennials that I do
not have. I also have dahlia bulbs
and other plants to exchange. Will
exchange bulbs for salt and pepper
shakers.” mrs. c. e. r.

Maine

From the Little Brown House

“I would like to exchange letters
with someone living in New Jersey
along the Delaware River, as that
is where my people settled some
time in the 17th Century — I think
about 1650.” mrs. j. l. m.

Virginia

“I would be most interested in
corresponding with others interested
in the study of wild birds, especially
in New York and adjoining states.
I identified 143 kinds one year.

New York mrs. e. v. s.

“I am 24 years old and would like
to correspond and exchange ideas
with anyone with feminine interests.
I have many pieces suitable for patch
quilts, which I would exchange for
plants and flower seeds.” mrs. e. o.

New York

“I am saving postal card views
and would be interested in trading.
I would like to hear from near and
far, also anyone who saves odd
recipes.” miss j. o.

New York

As we go about our Spring clean¬
ing we find many things stored
away, acting upon the adage to
keep anything seven years and you
will find a use for it, but to a local
merchant might go a banner for
keeping things. He said one article
he had inventoried for 38 years and
, never sold one and then recently sold
all he had. None of us could guess
what it might be, so I will tell you,
it was ox bow pins.

In these days with all roads snow
plowed motor trucks do the road
hauling, so perhaps farmers think
oxen will be more practical for farm
work as they will require less grain
and currying.

The Model T also furnishes a bit
of additional power, rigged as a trac¬
tor or doodle bug.

The article on French tea
substitutes recalls to mind that
we had a Swedish neighbor about
50 years ago and she told how,
in the old country, she had gathered
leaves of a wild spirea (salsifolia, I
think) dried them and used them
as tea, whether separately or to mix
with true tea, I do not remember.
The subject of herb teas is very in¬
teresting to me and each season I
try to sample one or two kinds new
to me. Borage seed is ready to be sown
as at least one new herb this season.

Yes, it is rather of a late Spring,
sugaring came late and robins de¬
layed coming till about April 1st,

Cool Cottons for the Warm Weather

and song sparrows and chipping
sparrows arrived a day or two later.
But here there are not as many birds
as usual; may be they will come
later. If birds are few, deer are more
plentiful and fearless. Yesterday we
went for a short ride and about a
mile from home, Errol said “there
are two deer.” Maynard stopped the
car. The road is close beside Bald
Mountain Brook there and just across
were two deer that came down to
drink. As they were small we con¬
cluded they were a year old and one
especially had that curiosity that is
supposed to belong only to the
“female of the species.” She raised
her tiny head, and we could plainly
see how her ears were black on the
edges, then the gray and a black
center and she had beautiful eyes.
She lifted her feet daintly and
stepped nearer, again and yet again.
If the current had not been so deep
and swift, I think they would have
crossed the brook to us, but we
drove on and left them gazing after
us. Every few days a family of three
deer come at twilight to graze in
sight of the house and they stop and
watch us, seemingly as interested in
us as we are in them. At such times
we wish for the ability of Hiawatha,
that we might talk with them
where’er we met them.

Is Hiawatha out of date in the
school curriculum? Billy is in the
fifth grade and he knows little of
that wonderful tale, that was written
first for children but is loved of all.
Perhaps if he has it in a little book
all his own he will feel its magic.

Littlejohn is at the stage when he
would like to be read to all the
evening and I must see that he
knows Hiawatha. He has just arrived
from school and handed me a box
of plants from far away Oregon,
from pen friends there.

Some lilies a few inches tall bear
testimony as to the season there and
the Korean chrysanthemums look
fresh and ready to grow. Are they
really, truly hardy in our rigorous
climate in the Green Mountains?
This year snow fell before the
ground froze and enough has re¬
mained all Winter to protect plants
so we expect they have lived well.
Polyanthus primmula, Sweet Williams
and Digitalis look especially fine and
the shrubs seem to be alive almost
to their tips. mrs. j. x. w.

in Syracuse

Folks like to stay at The
Syracuse because it's
homey ... in atmos¬
phere and service.
The rooms are modern
and comfortable, the
food tasty. 600 rooms
from $3.00.

HOTEL SYRACUSE

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Interest compounded semi-an¬
nually. Send post card NOW for
FREE booklet on safe, profitable/
Banking by Mail plan.

CITY& COUNTY SAVINGS BANK f11
DEPT. B ALBANY. N. Y.

SECTIONAL STEEL GARAGES

Lik1* wood $139 AND UP

Shipped Anywhere
Easily Erected.

Steel Buildings for All
Purooees

Write for Information.

John Cooper Co., 301 Second St., Hackensack, N. J.

• FRESH WATER ALL THE TIME •

If you have a constant supply of water and moderate
fall, use one of our RAMS to deliver a part of it
where wanted. They will operate continuously for
many years with no cost for upkeep.

Write for circular. Note new address.

RIFE HYDRAULIC MANUFACTURING CO.
30 Church Street New York City

The FARMERS
SHOP BOOK

By Louis M. Roehl

0 A revised guide to
teach farm boys to
do ordinary construc¬
tion and repair work,
and to help farmers
maintain up to date
tools and equipment.

• This hook contains
illustrations and chap¬
ters on grinding and
fitting farm carpentry
and woodwork tools.

Painting, repairing and
reflnishing furniture,
soldering, etc.

0 A 422 page cloth
bound book.

Price $2.48

5c Sales Tax for New York City Residents.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W 30th Street - New York Cit>

4687 — Blossom out in a sturdy print to do your household tasks comfortably. Center panel
and novel crossed-over neckline are slimming. Sizes 34 to 48. Size 36, 3% yards 35 inch
fabric.

9677— The smart matron selects a sheer cotton fabric for Summer. Note how the bodice
panels curve into the waistband. Size 34 to 48. Size 36, 3 'A yards 35 inch fabric.

331 — For sport, for play, for comfort — this back-buttoned dress shows an attractive waist-
girdle. Make it in linen. , Sizes 12, to 20 and 30 to 40. Size 16, 3 % yards 35 inch fabric.
Price of patterns 15 cents (in coins) each. Pattern and pattern book 25 cents (in coins).
If you are a resident of New York City add one cent for City Sales Tax. Send all orders
to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th St., New York City.

<Jh* RURAL NEW-YORKER

311

Souffles and Omelets

These recipes are easily followed,
are quickly prepared, but need care¬
ful baking. This standard omelet
recipe may be varied by using differ¬
ent sauces and fillings. Condensed
mushroom soup, cream of aspargus,
cream oi pea, vegetable, or plain
tomato — all of these undiluted, of
course — make excellent sauces to
pour around an omelet, while grated
cheese, chopped ham, chicken, or
cooked vegetables, parsley, onion or
chives sprinkled over the top before
turning over, give an added flavor.

Plain Omelet. — Four eggs, 4 table¬
spoons milk, y2 teaspoon salt, Vs tea¬
spoon pepper, 1 tablespoon butter or
other fat. Separate yolks from
whites; to yolks add salt, pepper and
milk; beat until thick and light
colored. Beat whites until stiff, cut¬
ting and folding them into yolk mix¬
ture until well blended. Heat omelet
pan, greasing both sides and bottom.
Turn in mixture, spread evenly,
place on stove where it will cook
slowly, turning the pan so that
omelet may brown evenly. When
top is firm, lightly sprinkle other
seasonings, if desired, fold over care¬
fully, turn on a hot platter. Many
cooks prefer hot water instead of
milk, as well as a few grains of bak¬
ing powder, but an omelet will never
fall if cooked slowly and served at
once.

Chicken Souffle. — Two cups white
sauce, 2 cups cooked chicken finely
chopped, 3 egg yolks well beaten, 1
tablespoon chopped parsley, 3 egg
whites beaten stiff, Vz cup stale soft
bread crumbs. Add crumbs to
sauce, cook 2 minutes; remove from
fire, add chicken, egg yolks and
parsley, then fold in egg whites.
Turn into a greased baking dish, set
in a pan of hot water and bake 35
minutes in a slow oven (325 degrees
Fahrenheit).

Fish souffle is made in the same
way as chicken, substituting 2 cup¬
fuls of prepared salmon, tuna fish,
or any white fish, adding 2 table¬
spoons lemon juice. One cupful
chopped ham and one of spinach
gives a good substantial souffle.

Codfish Souffle. — Two cupfuls cod¬
fish and potato mixture; mix well
with one cup of hot white sauce,
seasoned with salt, pepper and
grated onion. Add 3 well-beaten
egg yolks and fold in 3 whites beaten
stiff. Pour into a buttered baking
dish, set in a pan of hot water. Bake
in a moderate oven 325 degrees
Fahrenheit for 40 minutes. Canned
fishcake mixture is useful for this
souffle. Lauretta Hale

Flowers — Here and There

The mailman left me two letters
this morning and both speak of
flowers, and what cheering, com¬
forting things they are.

One was from a niece who lives
just outside Sheffield, England, and
who has worked with her husband
night and day to help those who
have been made homeless. She said:
“the war of course is terrible, and
the suffering great, the lovely build¬
ings in ruins, so many homes gone,
but Auntie, today the snowdrop and
violets are pushing up through the
rubbish and they do cheer us up so
so much, we shall win through it all.”

The other letter was from a dear
old friend in New Jersey, who has
never left her room in the last four
years, and who suffers terribly at
times. She says: “So many friends
send me lovely flowers to brighten
my room, and then I have my ivy
plants and the begonias and ferns
growing in my window. They are so
interesting and keep me cheered.”
And there comes to my mind a little
sick boy I nursed in a London
hospital more than 40 years ago.
Some friends in the country had
sent us a large hamper of moon
daisies, and he held out his little
thin hands towards the bunch I
placed near his bed. “Can I have
all these, nurse” he asked me. “I’ll
give them to my mother when she
comes. She could sell them for six¬
pence.” His mother was a flower
seller, and sat on the steps near the
Marble Arch all day, selling flowers
to support herself and her father¬
less little boy.” mrs. h. s. b.

Connecticut

Garden Note

I had always coveted beautiful
expensive pottery jugs and jars for
my garden. Then I discovered beauty
in grandmother’s old - fashioned
pickle jars.

My favorite is a fat, squat, un¬
glazed one with ear-like handles.
I move this around to various points
of interest in my garden as the sea¬
son progresses. It looks especially
lovely among the tulips with a large
bloom silhouetted against it.

I have also a large, tan-colored
pitcher with which I sometimes
decorate my garden. mrs. a. b.

Pennsylvania

A reader asks if anyone can give
the complete poem; remembered as
a child:

“Why, Phoebe have you come so soon,
Where are your berries, child?”

Right: Canning peas and beans by
the pressure cooker method — the safest
way for non-acid vegetables and meats.
Below: Hot water bath for canning
fruits.

Strawberry Sauce. — One table¬
spoon vinegar, 3 heaping cups firm
ripe strawberries, 3 level cups sugar.
Put into kettle in above named
order, set on back of the stove and
allow sugar to melt, moving berries
occasionally with a fork. When
sugar is melted move to front of
stove, bring to boiling point, (roll¬
ing boil) and cook exactly 10
minutes. Skim, turn out on platter
till cold, pack in glasses and seal
like jelly. The berries will be whole
and a beautiful dark red color. Nice
on bread puddings, ice cream, etc.

Wild Strawberry Jam. — Pick- over
berries and remove hulls. For each
pound of berries allow % pound
sugar. Crush fruit, bring to boiling
point, stirring frequently. Add sugar
to fruit and boil until thick, not
over 20 minutes, stirring to prevent
burning. Pack in glasses and seal
immediately. A. w,

Maple Sandwich Filling. — 1V2
cups fine maple sugar, 2 tablespoons
heavy cream, 2 tablespoons butter,
Vz cup finely chopped nut meats.

Cream sugar and butter thoroughly,
then beat in the cream. Add nut meats
ana if necessary add a little more
sugar. Is grand spread on either
white or brown bread and children
love it on graham crackers.

Maple Chocolate Fluff. — Fill a
tall glass % full of iced cocoa or
chocolate (unsweetened) add 2 table¬
spoons of maple syrup and top off
with whipped cream. Fine with either
sandwiches, small cakes or wafers.

Maple Sugar Nut Fudge. — One
cup maple syrup, 1 cup white sugar,
% cup cream, V\ cup butter, Vz cup
chopped nutmeats, % teaspoon
vanilla.

Boil sugar, syrup, cream and butter
until soft ball stage is reached. Add
nuts and vanilla. Cool, beat until
ready and pour into buttered tin.

Maine mrs. m. p.

[most left
my husband, , ,

WHEN WE MOVED TO THE COUNTRY!"

“I WAS CITY-BRED and when I first stepped
into the kitchen in our house in the country
and saw an old-fashioned coal stove, I almost
turned and fled!”

‘TOM’S A DARLING, THOUGH ... he
said I could have just as modern a range
as the one I had in the city. He grabbed
me and said ‘Come on, we’re off to see the
Perfection dealer!’”

“WHAT A SURPRISE I had when I saw
those beautiful Perfection Oil Ranges!
They’re even more modern than my city
range. And they’re just as fast heating as
gas . . . and faster than electricity!”

“AND MORE GOOD NEWS! With Per¬
fection’s perfect burner-control you can use
the new ‘vitamin-cooking’. You can adjust
the burner heat exactly to dozens of heats
at a touch of the finger!”

“HOME IN MY KITCHEN, f made other
discoveries! My pans stay shiny, spotlessly
clean. There’s not a trace of soot or smoke
with |these modern Perfection Oil Ranges.
And no objectionable odor.”

“I WOULDN’T GO BACK to my city range
for the world! My modem Perfection has
more modem controls than my city range
. . . yet it costs only 40c a week for fuel
. . . much less than other two ‘city* fuels!”

DISCOVER THE DIFFERENCE IN MODERN

PERFECTION

^RANGES

LOW PRICES /\ EASY TERMS

‘The JMark j / /x\ of Quality

I BEAUTIFUL ILLUSTRATED BOOK, FREE!

PERFECTION STOVE COMPANY
| 7289-B Ave., Cleveland, Ohio

Please send me, free, the new 24-page book
“Better Cooking with Less Work" □. Also booklet
I on Superfex Oil Burning Refrigerators □.

Name

St. or R.F.D _ Post Office.

County . .. . State—

Why Wait? -on

RUNNING WATER

RIGHT AWAY.'

No use to wait longer — running
water pays big profits in extra eggs,
extra milk, extra weight on beef and
hogs. Also cuts down chores and
gives fire protection. In the home
it saves drudgery of lug¬
ging water, lightens house¬
work and makes inside toi¬
lets and bathroom possible.

0URK$ SYSUMS

give automatic, uninterrupted
service at low cost. Shallow well
system lifts water up to 28 feet. <

Deep well educer system lifts water
210 feet. Only one moving part. *

Largest capacities, self priming. Burks Educer Sy;
Write for free catalog and prices.

for Deep Weli

DECATUR PUMP CO.. 175 Elk St.. DECATUR, ILL.

All kind* of new and reconditioned pipe for water
systems, greenhouse*, irrigation*, fence*, etc.
Cut to sketch and stocked. Also —

FITTINGS, VALVES, PUMPS and SUPPLIES

Write us your wants and let u* a note you prices.

ALBERT PIPE SUPPLY CO., Inc.
Berry & No. 13th St. Brooklyn, N. Y.

FOR

BIGGER RETURNS

ON YOUR

INVESTMENT MONEY

open an account with us where you
will benefit by the earnings of a
soundly managed organization which
has paid good dividends for 54 years.
Safety fully insured up to $5,000.

NATICK

FEDERAL SAVINGS
AND LOAN ASSOCIATION

Organized 1886

NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS
Assets Over $5,400,000

CURRENT

RATE

NEVER

PAID

LESS

FALSE TEETH

KLUTCH holds them tighter

KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental
plates so much firmer and snugger that one can
eat and talk with greater comfort and security;
in many cases almost as well as with natural
teeth. Klutch lessens the constant fear of a drop¬
ping, rocking, chafing plate. 25e and 50c at drug¬
gists... If your druggist hasn’t it, don’t waste
money on substitutes, but send us 10c and we
will mail you a generous trial box. © I.P. INC.
KLUTCH CO., Box 2803-E. ELMIRA, N. Y.

1 I RI TV for cash, infants hand crocheted
uv 1 saoque9 and three piece sets.

VAN WAGENEN SAGER Inc.. SYRACUSE. N. Y.

312

Yfcr RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 3, 1941

News From

Reports from various parts of New
Jersey indicate that farmers have
made good use of improved weather
and soil conditions that prevailed
from the middle of April to the end
of the month. The cold wintry
weather of March changed over al¬
most in a single night to warm
Spring-like weather at the end of
the first week in April. The bright
sunny days that followed enabled
farmers to rush their plowing and
planting of early Spring crops at top
speed. One thing that is very notice¬
able in the “Garden State” this year
is the increased number of tractors
and new farm machinery of all kinds.

Fruit trees of all kinds and es¬
pecially apples, peaches and plums,
after April 15 showed a heavy
covering of fine blossoms that would
seem to indicate the promise of profit¬
able -fruit yields for the next har¬
vest. Farmers and county agri¬
cultural agents report that prospects
are good for profitable yield also of
grapes, berries and other small
fruits.

The poultry industry in New
Jersey this year will show increased
production along all lines; especially
will this be true in regard to the
number of turkeys that will be
offered to the market. The new
turkey Research Experiment Station
at Millville, ' N. J. is encouraging
many farmers to add turkeys as a
sideline to their farming. It is
thought that production for 1941 may
reach an all high figure of 150,000
turkeys. The authorities at the
Millville Station agree with Prof.
W. C. Thompson, poultry specialist
and Director W. A. Martin, of the
N. J. College of Agriculture that
turkey meat should be an every¬
day diet.

Chickens Dangerous to Hogs

On many New Jersey farms
chickens are given free range and
are permitted to run with hogs and
other farm animals. Hogs are more
susceptible to chicken tuberculosis
than are chickens themselves, ac¬
cording to a recent experiment by
investigators of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture. Therefore the Bureau
of Animal Industry warns that it is
hazardous to allow chickens to run
in the same lot with hogs. It is not
only hazardous — from the standpoint
of the chickens — but it is a menace
to the health of the hogs if there is
any trace of avian tuberculosis in
the poultry flock.

In the experiment at the Beltsvile
Research Center, 50 chickens and 31
hogs, all negative to the tuberculin
test, were placed in a pen with 50
tuberculous chickens. The .pen was
built with wire mesh for the top as
well as the sides and equipped with
elevated feed hoppers and roosts for
the chickens.

After the hogs and chickens had
been exposed to the infection for a
year they were tested with tuberculin
and 93.5 per cent of the hogs and 54
per cent of the chickens reacted,
when 28 of the hogs were slaughtered,
23 of the carcasses showed slight
lesions of tuberculosis and avian
tubercle bacilli were recovered from
most of them. The other five were
classed as “no-visible-lesion reactors.”

The practical application of the ex¬
periment suggests the following pre¬
ventive measures, says the bureau.
Keep all poultry away from swine.
Even if there is not any evidence of
tuberculosis in the poultry flock there
is little to be gained in allowing the
constant danger of chickens running
with hogs. There is also the danger
of chickens being killed and eaten
by hogs.

Hunterdon Egg Contest

The Rapp Poultry Farm of Farm-
ingdale held first place among the
50 contestants at the end of the fifth
month with an entry of S.C.W.
Leghorns. This pen has a record for
the period of 1,654 eggs and 1,707
points. A bird in this pen is also
high bird in the entire contest in
production to date with a record of
144 eggs and 157.8 points. Other
birds in this pen hold third, fourth
and fifth places.

The New Hampshire entry of
George A. Pearce of Whitehouse
Station is fifth high in production to
date and this same entry stands third
in production of the last month. The
high pen for last month is an entry
by J. W. Schaible of Shiloh, of Barred

New Jersey

Plymouth Rocks. The Rapp Leghorn
entry is fifth high for last month.
The high bird for last month is a
Leghorn in the entry of Robert
Depue of Millington. An R. I. Red
in the entry of Cane Poultry Farm
of Rosemont, is fourth high for the
report of last month.

Plant Protectors for Small Gardens

A number of years ago, many
thousands of paper protectors were
used in New Jersey for starting
cucumbers, cantaloupes, squash and
also for protecting such young trans¬
plants as early tomatoes and egg¬
plants. After a few years of experi¬
ence with the protectors, practical
growers have given them up because
they did not feel that there was any¬
thing gained by their use.

In seed sowing, the soil under the
protectors would become dry and
germination would be retarded. Be¬
sides temperature would vary con¬
siderably under the protectors and
the young plants did not produce
earlier crops than those set out under
normal conditions. For small acreage
or for the home garden where close
supervision may be given, plant pro¬
tectors are more practical.

Peach Tree Sprays Important

While leaf curl is not a serious
disease of peach trees in Monmouth
County, attention is called by the
Monmouth County Extension Service
to the fact that where it is present,
the control measures must be applfed
while the buds are dormant. After
the buds start to swell no spray
material is effective against the dis¬
ease. In some sections of the
country where leaf curl is prevalent,
the control sprays are applied in
November and December so that the
growers can make sure to get them
on during the dormant period. Liquid
concentrated lime-sulphur at the rate
of 10 gallons to 10 gallons of water
is the best material to use, since it
will not only control the leaf curl,
but will also cut down the San
Jose scale.

Somerset’s Best Dairy Records

Halliday McCall, Neshanic, had
high herd for both milk and butter-
fat production in the Somerset
County Herd Improvement Associa¬
tion last month, according to the
report of the testers, Justin McAghon
and Miner Hill. This herd averaged
1,063 lbs. of milk and 37.2 lbs. of
fat per cow for the month.

Second place went to the J. V. D.
Bergen herd, Belle Mead, with an
average of 1,014 lbs. of milk and
36.5 lbs. of fat. Chas. F. N. Davis
and Son, New Center, had third herd
for fat with 35.3 lbs. per cow.

Baby Beef Club Hold Meeting

The Pioneer 4-H Baby Beef Club
held their regular monthly meeting
recently at the home of Warren
Seigle of Jamesburg. Those attend¬
ing the meeting were Joseph Kenny,
club leader; Robert Sabastin, Jr. of
Rocky Hill; Louis and Francis Dey,
of Dayton; and John Schours, Sophie
Lenard, Myrtle and Roy Etsch and
Warren Seigle, of Jamesburg. At the
close of the meeting, the members
made their rope halters for their
animals, after which refreshments
were served.

Avoid Potato Ring Rot

Bacterial Ring Rot is a serious
disease of potatoes which can be
avoided by the use of certified seed
and by using care during cutting.
The disease does not live over Winter
in the soil and the only source of
infection is the seed potato. The
disease may be spread by planting
seed which shows the discoloration.
Growers suspicious of their seed
should submit samples to the county
agent for examination.

Tomato Industry Increases

A total of more than 160,000 tons
of Garden State tomatoes were used
by Jersey canneries during the 1940
season for canned tomatoes, juice,
soup, ketchup and similar processed
foods.

Most of the tomatoes purchased by
canhouses in the state have been
grown from southern plants pro¬
duced from New Jersey certified seed.
Although the 1940 yield was esti¬
mated at 5.4 tons per acre, as com¬
pared to 6.9 tons per acre in 1939,
it was pointed out that the 1939
yield was exceptionally high, and the
ten-year average, 1929-38, was only
5.1 tons per acre, john w. wilkinson.

PROFIT-BRED from PROVEN STRAINS

21 YEARS Forging Ahead

Our files are full of stories of successes volun¬
tarily sent in by Sunnybrook customers. These
letters tell of quick profits from broilers, high
flock averages and low mortality records.

PULLORUM TESTED SINCE 1921

New Hampshire* White Leghorns

Barred Rocks R. I. Reds

White Rocks Cross Breeds

SEXED PULLETS BREEDS

95% Livability Guaranteed Up To
Three Weeks.

Write Today for Catalog and Prices

SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM

A. HOWARD FINGAR. Owner and Mgr.
BOX H. HUDSON. NEW YORK

BROILER CHICKS

NTROLLED BREEDING

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard’s
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, feather early, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE, N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

rfli frill

Leghorns -Reds-R
NewHampsVires-Hal

ocksAVyandottes
CtBSS (Crossbred) Chicks

: Hi ±: : :

(iff:

“WELL BRED/ -WLLL BREEDERS”

We have the facts

and we have the evidence why HALL’S
CHICKS should make more money for
you. There isn’t room here to tell the
story but you’ll find it set forth clearly
in our 24 page catalog. It’s yours
for the asking.

SEND FOR YOUR FREE COPY TODAY
Hall Brother* Hatchery Inc., Box 60, Wallingford, Conn.

QUALITY CHICKS

Utility Leghorns and Heavy Assorted . $6.00

A. A. GRADE LEGHORNS . 6.50

N. H., R. I. Reds, Barred and VVh. Rocks.... 6.50

A. A. SEXED LEGHORN PULLETS . 11.50

Heavy Pullets . 8.50

Leghorn Ckls. $1.50-100; Heavy Cockerels . 5.00

Plum Creek Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Sunbury, Pa.

BIO CHICK BARGAINS

White A Black Giants. Lt. Brahma*, $h«.95

N. H. Reds, White A Barred Rocks . m "PEr

Dark Cornish 12c ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 m ro<j
100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage C.O.D. 100%

Alive. EWING'S HATCHERY, BOX 2, McCLURE, PA.

Prom high record trapnested,
bloodtested stock ; imported
and bred this strain for 26
years. Sexed or unsexed
chicks. Free circular.

DAVID M. HAMMOND,
Rt. 4. Cortland, N. Y.

PHI I pTCLarge type English Leghorns 4-6 weeks
1 ULLX 1 ,3 old 25c-35c. Live arrival guaranteed.
Bloodtested. SMITH'S POULTRY FARM, Elyria. Ohio

niiri/l |UP( Imperial Mammoth Pekins $13-100.
PULKlIllW J Meadowbrook, Box R, Richfield, Pa.

THE GLADIOLUS

By Forman T. McLean

A new book for the home gardener.

n_Jra 4 O New York City residents

***'■'- T“' ^ add 2% for Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W. 30th Street New York City

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

313

HAVE

QUALITY BACKGROUND

• Quality eggs always bring top prices.
Folks want them. A few cents more a
dozen means a whale of ct big increase
in profits. Kerr Chicks for 33 years have
been bred for heavy production of quality
eggs. You want layers, not loafers, in
your flock. Every Kerr breeder— there are
9000 on the Kerr farm — tested annually
for B. W. D. 100 per cent live delivery
guaranteed. Seek bigger profits this year
with Kerr's lively Chicks. Send for FREE
literature and advance order discount offer.

KERR CHICKERIES

19 RAILROAD AYE., FRENCHTOWN, N. J.

There’s a branch office near you— call today

BDumcmMER's mens

Cash or C. 0. D. Post Paid Unsexed Pits Ckls

95% True to Sex IOO 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . ...$6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Butt Orps., W. Wy., N. H. Reds.... 7.50 10.50 6.50

Jersey White Giants . 9.00 (2.00 9.00

Lamonas (Dual Purpose Breed) . 10.00 20.00 4.00

Heavy Mixed. .$5.75-100; Heavy Cockerels. .$6.00- 100.

All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

CAeAftefv y&Me*i Cfiioc 1

VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-Sex. Pullets Ckls

Large Type Hanson 100 100 100

S. C. White Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50

Direct New Hampshire Reds .. 9.00 13.00 6.50

Red-Rock Cross . 7.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 ....

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Sexing Guar. 95%
accurate. Order direct from adv. or write for FREE cat.
Chester Valley Hatchery. Box R, McAiisterville, Pa.

SHIRK’S QUALITY CHICKS

From Blood Tested Breeders. Electric Hatched.

PULLETS GUAR. 95% Unsex. Pults. Ckls.

Will ship Cash of C.O.D. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds... 7.00 10.00 7.00

Red-Rock & Rock-Red Cross . 7.00 10.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds (Special).... 9.00 13.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 8.00 5.00

QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Tuesdays & Thursdays Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% accurate guar. 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. Wh. Leghorns. . . .$6.50 $13.00 $1.50
B. & W. Rox, R.I. Reds, Box -Red Cr. 7.00 10.00 6.50

Special Bred N. H. Reds . 9.00 13.00 6.50

H. Mix $6-100; 100% live del. P. Paid. All Breeders
Blood Tested. Antigen Method. Write for Free
Catalog with actual Photos of our Poultry Plant.

McALISTERVILLE HATCHERY
Edgar C. Leister, Owner, Box II. McAiisterville, Pa.

GRAYBILL’S

Electric Hatched from BLOOD-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-sex. Pits. Ckls.

Large Type Eng. or Han- 100 100 100

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHORNS . $6.00 $13.00 $1.50

N. H. REDS (SPECIAL) . 9.00 13.00 6.00

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 9.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 5.00

A. W. ULSH’S CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.50 $2.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

N. H. Reds, W. Wy., Bf. Orps... 7.50 10.50 7.50

II. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Posfpd. Sex 95% ac.

A. W. Ulsb’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

BABY CHICKS

Sexed or Started

PULLETS and COCKERELS

From Old Hen Breeders. Rugged,
Large Size, Large Eggs, Heavy Lay¬
ing Leghorns. Send for circular.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM
Phone 427 East Moriches, N.Y.

Build Winter Profits Now

During the weeks that the young
pullets are in the brooder coops and
on the range the chances for the
poultryman’s success or failure are
being determined and the operator
will not know the answer until ne^it
Winter. A nice batch of pullets
properly managed and cared for is
the best insurance a poultryman can
have for a profitable Winter. The
poultrymen who have these nice
batches of pullets are the ones who
have carefully planned for each
stage of the pullets’ development and
who have been prepared to give the
birds the best possible care in each
case.

Some farmers let their growing
stock rustle for themselves with the
result that the pullets that go into
the laying houses are small and un¬
developed. Nature cannot be de¬
pended upon to raise your chicks for
you and the let-up may prove
costly. When growth is retarded,
health is impaired and disease will
find an easy foothold with the re¬
sult that the pullets you had hoped
would be making you money will
be costing you money to keep.

If you want big, money-making
pullets you must give the chicks the
things that they need to develop
into that type bird. Plenty of a good
quality mash and fresh clean water
should be available to the birds at
all times, with a sufficient amount
of green food and minerals. If the
birds are on the open range, shelters
should be erected to protect them
from the glaring Summer sun and
if they are being raised in confine¬
ment, plenty of hopper space and no
crowding in the coops should be the
rule.

Another good way to provide shade
for the birds on the Summer range
is by the use of sunflowers, which
provide better shelter than trees or
other natural growths because there
is less of a surface accumulation of
filth all season and from one season
to another. Sunflowers can be drilled
into the soil the same as ensilage
corn as soon as the ground can be
worked in the Spring. It is best to
drill them in in even rows, three or
Four rows wide rather than in a
large block. The ground can be pre¬
pared the same as for corn. Narrow
strips of these plants can be used
to separate birds of different ages
as well as to provide shade.

Watch for pests on the range. Lice
can easily ruin what would other¬
wise be a flock of healthy pullets.
The young chicks especially succumb
very easily to the attacks of these
little pests. A dust bath is the best
immediate relief for the birds and
if an insect powder can be added
to the dust so much the better. Lice
breath through fine opening or pores
in the sides of their bodies and when
these are filled with dust the lice
die. For body lice each fowl may
have to be dusted individually.
Grasp the bird around the feet and
work the dusting powder well into
the feathers of the bird, particularly
around the wings and vent.

Watch those birds grow. The
poultryman who buys chicks from
good stock, grows them intelligently,
and practices common sense manage¬
ment will be putting as fine a bunch
of pullets as you would want to see
in his laying houses this Fall. E. c.

New York

we-do-it-with-s-q-u-a-b-s

RICE FARM, 205 H. St., MELROSE, MASS.

The Premier strain
a great dual-purp
breed. Heavy layer
wonderful for me
Hardy chicks fr
our 5,000 Vt. U.

Pullorum Clean Breeders. Sexed Baby Pull

and Cockerels. CHAMBERlm p0UlTRY fARf

R. F. D. 6, West Brattleboro, Verm

^ WORLD'S oldest layincr strain.

WORLD'S oldest laying strain.

'sed. “One

1 Right". Satisfied customers circle the
globe. Eggs— Chicks & Youngsters. MODERATE PRI¬
CES. Catalog FREE. Joe Parks & Sons, Altoona, Pa.

» oldest laying str

cy. Officially blood tested. R.O.P. State Supervised. **'
x&r Breed— Bred Right". Satisfied customers circle

When you write "advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

Enlarged Liver

Recently I bought a chicken which
seemed perfectly healthy, but when
dressed the liver was a peculiar
yellowish color, about three times
its normal size and full of white
lumps, some as large as a quarter.
The heart was very small and had
some of these spots in it. r. k.

New York

This large liver condition is no
doubt a part of the fowl paralysis
complex. It is now believed that it
is caused by a virus, but this has not
as yet been proven. Its method of
transmission is not yet known.

The diseased birds, in many cases,
will show a restriction and disin¬
tegration of the pupil of the eye,
finally resulting in blindness. Pale¬
ness of comb and face may also be
an aid in sorting out affected birds.

t. b. c.

Mr. Daniels’ poidtry plant has an annual output of 150,000 chicks.
It houses 4000 layers and breeders.

Earl T. Daniels, of Pineville, Pa., is another in the long list of
successful poultrymen who use and recommend B-B Feeds. Says
Mr. Daniels: “Last fall I housed 2000 pedigreed pullets and 250
pedigreed cockerels raised on the B-B Complete Poultry Feeding
Program. They were a splendid lot of birds that performed well in
the laying house with excellent livability and egg production. This
year I plan to raise 3000 pedigreed birds on the B-B Complete
Poultry Feeding Program because B-B Vitamized Complete Chick
Starter and B-B Vitamized Growing Mash give me birds that have
what it takes to show a profit at the end of the year.”

W e suggest you ask us or your B-B dealer for a free copy of the B-B
Complete Poultry Feeding Program and follow its proved and prac¬
tical recommendations that have been found so productive by so
many successful poultrymen. Maritime Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

FEED afc B B WAY

WHITFrOCK

1IO. too

•6.

PER

IOO

| MAY
■ CHICKS

EGGS FOR

I" HATCHING..

All Egg9 used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-

I MAN'S ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
^ FREE circular.

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

DEPT. F

ROCKLAND

MASS.

JOSEPH

TOLMAN

The KAUDER s,r,

Phucri tD Vnm Llghorns
and N'nv Hamcshhus

World’s Records for Liva¬
bility and Production

Kauder Leghorns hold the most important
World Records in laying contests — (or pro¬
duction and livability of all birds entered.
Free 52-page catalog: late season prices
are as much as 40% lower.

IRVING KAUDER vv

Sew Paltz
S. Y

4f0*%%a44&&

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

White Rocks . 6.00 9.00 5.00

B. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds _ 6.00 9.00 5.00

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 10.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.00 5.50

QUALITY

CHICKS

CLeCTRICALLV HATCHED

Hatches Monday & Thursdays. Str. Pits. Ckls.

Catalog Free. Cash or C. O. D. 100 100 100

Large Hanson Str. W. Leghorns. . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

Bar. & W. Rox, R. I. REDS _ 7.00 10.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 8.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed...... . 6.00 7.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B. W. D. 100% live
delivery guaranteed. We pay all postage. Write for
Catalog on Special Mating. Pullets guaranteed 95%.
Smith s Electric Hatchery, Box R. Cocoiamus, Pa.

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

Day-Old and Started Reds and Crosses from R.O.P.
Sired Pens of High Production. Pullorum Free. Catalog.
" ‘ Box 9,

HARVARD, MASS.

*Ji*>-v* do ui UlJill X XUUUL'HUIl.

WEGATEPA FARMS

•^ulshfarm/chickjH

All Breeders carefully called _

Blood Tested. Order direct from
ad. or write for our new catalog.

Satisfaction & safe arrival guaranteed.
Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Unsexed Pullets, Cockerels.
Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3.00

Bl. or Buff. Leg., Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 9.50 7.00

Wh. Wyand., R. I. Reds. Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires, Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

SPECIAL GRADE A. MATINGS

White & Black Leghorns . 10.00 17.00 4.00

Bar. Rocks & New Hampshires. ... 1 1.00 14.00 7.50

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FABM. Box R, Port Trevorton, Pa.

HANSON STRAIN

brooxsde LEGHORNS

BABY PULLETS — 2 to 12 weeks
old Pullets. Also N. Hampshires.
B. & W. Bocks, Sexed or un¬
sexed. Day old or Started. Com¬
plete price list and booklet FREE

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R. Sergeantsville, N. J.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

White or Barred Rocks . . 7.00 9.00 7.00

New Hampshires or S.C.B.X. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00

Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chicks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM.

Wm. Naee. (Prop.), Box R. McAiisterville. Pa.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2.00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
R.I. Beds, Rd-Rock Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Reds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Reliable
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R, McAiisterville, Pa.

100% del. Cash or C.O.D. Free Cir. Hanson or
English Sexed Leghorn 100 500 1000

Pullets (95% guaranteed) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Hanson or English Wh. Leghorns.. 6.00 30.00 60

Special Mating Leghorn Pullets _ 13.00 65.00 130

Barred & Wh. Rocks & Reds _ 7.00 35.00 70

Breeders Blood Tested. H. Mix $6; Leg. Ckls. $1.80
NIEMOND’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY,
Norman Niemond, Box R. McAiisterville, Penna.

SANDY KNOLL CHICKS

100% live del. Postpaid. Large 100 500 1000

Type S.C.W. Leg. Pullets (95%) . .$12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Leghorns . 6.00 30.00 60

Day Old Cockerels . 2.00 10.00 15

cf«aS »?'5?rl2i0:, Keds $7-100: Catalog Free.

Sandy Knoll Hatchery, Box 73, McAiisterville, Pa.

314

May 3. 1941

the RURAL NEW-YORKER

"I like this kind of

^om

Less Mash, More Grains As They Grow Older

In our tests large strain White Leghorns
have eaten an average per bird of about
7 lbs. of Larro Chick Builder and 2 lbs.
grains (hand-fed) during the first 12
weeks, the period of rapid growth rate for
which this mash is especially designed.

Then during the 13th to 24th weeks when
Larro Egg Mash is fed, they ate only about
434 lbs. of mash per bird and grains con¬
sumption (hopper-fed) increased to an
average of 8V2 lbs. You’ll like this kind of
economy. Ask your Larro dealer or write
to us for the new Larro booklet "Plan for
Productive Pullets.”

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Inc., Detroit, Mich. Dept. G

Spring & Summer Prices Slashed

on Pennsylvania

Farms CHICKS

/Sup&UM&ed

' PENNSYLVANIA '
l DEPARTMENT
v AGRICULTURE 7

Not For Years Have Times Been
So Ripe For Extra Egg And
Meat Profits.

What a year for Pennsylvania Farms
customers! Egg and meat demand ’way
. up due to National Defense and Lend-
Lease activities. Good prices guaranteed
by the Government at least until 1943.
Feed plentiful and feed prices stable.
And on top of all that, chicks of the
finest production breeding we’ve ever
offered. Our chicks are just the kind
you need for a late Spring or Summer
brood. But chick orders are flooding in.
Don’t delay. Write today.

MAKE SURE OF INCREASED PRODUCTION .

LOW AS

• 50

per 100
“AA” Mat-
ingslNotSex-
ed) from Big
Bodied Heavy
Producers.

BIG REDUCTIONS ON
R. O. P. SIRED STOCK

The breeding behind these chicks is based
on family records — the only dependable
method of transmitting egg production
to the offspring. For example, 2553 Official
K.O.P. White Leghorn breeding sires are in
our 1940 matings. Dams’ records from 200
to 316 egg3 per year; egg sizes from 24 to
28.8 oz. New Hampshire chicks from soma
of the finest bloodlines in New England.
Sires' dams records 200 to 310 eggs; flock
averages to 244.5 eggs per year; egg
weight 26.34 oz. ; body weights to 6.84 lbs.

SEXED DAY - OLD PULLETS AND
COCKERELS available in White Leghorns.
New Hampshires, White and Barred
Bocks, B. I. Beds and White Wyandottes.
Guaranteed 95% accurate.

PERFECTED HYBRIDS — Hamp.Rocks.
famous sex-linked egg cross, and Bock-
Hamps, fast-growing broiler cross,

. . . ORDER NOW!

FREE CATALOG :TelIs all
about our R.O.P. Sired
Stock & Breeding Program.

ALSO SPECIAL BREED
BULLETINS FREE . . .

Contains valuable infor¬
mation. Specify breed
interested in.

Pennsylvania Farms Hatchery, Inc., Box R, Lewistown, Penna.

STATE SUPERVISEO OFFICIAL BLOOD-TESTED CHICKS

Largest
State
Supervised
Hatchery in
Pennsylvania

ORTH • SOUTH • EAST • WEST

Highest PENS, All Breeds, at 5 Tests

Highest HENS, All Breeds, at 3 Tests

Highest Red PEN, 2-Year-Old Tests
Highest PENS. R. I- Reds at 5 Tests

13 High Scoring RED PENS (1st, 2nd.
or 3rd Places)

4th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds

THEY MAKE GOOD IN PUBLIC OR PRIVATE LIFE

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has awarded
its 1941 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to
WARREN, in stiff competition with foremost
R.O.P. Breeders, marking the 10th Consecutive
Time. 8 State Institutions, using only WARREN
Chicks, officially reported a general laying aver¬
age of 234.1 Eggs per Hen in 1940.

Success and Profits!

234.1 Eggs per Hen, as an average for 1 Flock
or 8 Flocks, means absolute Success in the
Poultry Business, for any man or any institution,
with an assured income and substantial profits,
even when production costs are high.

Same Blood, Same Breeding, Same Results!
All WARREN RED and ROCK-RED-Cross
Chicks are of the same blood in the Red line as
WARREN'S Contest Winners, but Prices are no
higher than those of many commercial hatcheries.
Write Today tor 1941 Prices and File Orders
— Early To Avoid Disappointment.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20. North Brookfield, Mass.

Bonded Against B.W.

WAYSIDE FARM

S. C. Rhode Island Reds, exclusively. Our chicks
have given complete satisfaction to hundreds of
customers; their repeat orders year year

prove it. They might do as well for you. Think it over.

$8.50 r<rs

Satisfaction guaranteed. Circular.

WAYSIDE FARM, J. C. Smith, Prop.

R. D. 2, Box R, Middletown, New York

COLONIAL CUTS PRICES

Hatches daily. All leading breeds. Also sexed chicks and
hybrids. World’s largest production means real cut prices on
lowest priced Standard grade up to R. O. P. pedigreed sired.
Chicks on CREDIT. Big colored almanac free.
COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS, Marion, Ohio

— -

BEAUTY-BAR

Strain Barred Plymouth Rocks. Winners
at New York and Boston. Exhibition and
production. Egg prices to suit your pocket-
book. Stamp for catalogue and mating list.

R. G. PAVY, So. Broad, Westfield, Mass.

-MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS

Barred & W. Rocks. W. Leghorns $7-100; New Hamp¬
shires $7.50; Rock-Red Cross $7.50; W.Giants $9; Leg¬
horn Pullets $13; Leg. Ckls. $1.50; H. Mixed $6.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland’s Bronze Turkey Belt

Liberal DISCOUNT on early ORDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

BIG BREASTED TURKEYS

5,000 Weekly. Bronze, Black, White and Red. Special
breeding stock. Guar. Poults. Correctly hatched. Prompt
delivery. Low prices NOW. Write to —

S, W. KLINE. BOX 7, MIDDLECREEK, PA.

5000 HARDY BRONZE POULTS WEEKLY

From Bloodtested stock. Baby Beef Type. Livability.
Quick maturing! Special discounts for early bookings.

HIGHLAND FARM - Sellersville, Pennsylvania

Sure-Profit POULTS

Catalog Free. ROSEDALE POULTRY FARM. Qaakertown, Pa.

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS prices. Circular.

SEIDELTON FARMS. WASHINGTONVILLE, PA.

ntrlinno Mammoth Pekins $14 hundred. Runners
UuCKIingS $|3. Harry Burnham, N. Collins, N. Y.

DUCKLINGS — Highest quality. Lowest prices.
Lipory’s Duck Hatchery, Rt. I, New Brunswick. N. J.

■•I ft Iff* Large type Wh. Leg. $6-100; Wh. Leg.
nlvnd Pullets 95% guar. $12-100; Bar. & Wh,
ocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds $6.50; H.*Mix. $5.75; Leg.
kls. $1.50. 100% live del. guar. Postpaid. Can ship

>w. Country Hatchery, Box 97, McAlisterville, Pa,

Guinea Chicks — day-old. Any quantity. Weekly ship¬
ments. DREXEL TURKEY FARM, Drexel Hill, Pa.

Ringneck Pheasant and Pearl Guinea hatching eggs.

LAKEVIEW GAME FARM. ATHOL, MASS.

Housing Pullets in 1941

Why talk about housing pullets
next Fall, in the Spring of 1941?
But, unless you have some very
definite plans for brooding and rear¬
ing your pullets, your chances of
filling that laying house next Fall
are not too good.

To What Are Losses Due

You can eliminate one cause of
chick mortality by securing chicks
from breeding flocks known to be
free from pullorum disease. What
next then may be expected to cause
major losses through the brooding
and re£ring period? The following
may be suggested and will vary in
order and severity in various locali¬
ties, and on certain farms. (1)
Coccidiosis, both acute and chronic.
(2) Range paralysis. (3) Accidents.
(4) Cannibalism. (5) Losses from
foxes, dogs, hawks, etc. (6) Over¬
heating, chilling, crowding and pneu¬
monia; as well as epidemic tremors,
ulcerated gizzards, coryza, contagious
indigestion (Blue Comb) bronchitis,
worm infestation, lice, mites and
theft.

Management Failures

Good chicks can stand up very
well many times under adverse con¬
ditions. Good management many
times may result in allowing some
poor chicks to survive. Failures or
slips in management are no doubt
the cause of one-half of our chick
mortality from day old to maturity.

1. Accidents many times cannot be
avoided — but pure accidents cause
the loss of many chicks.

2. Cannibalism may be started by
some accident or be the result of im¬
proper brooding, or slow rate of
feathering. It is too much to say
that all cannibalism can be elimin¬
ated — but much of it is traceable to
slips in management, including over¬
crowding.

3. Overheating, chilling, and
crowding cause the loss of large
numbers of chicks. Overheating
should be avoided, but it may occur
at night when we are not around
and thus is unavoidable. If over¬
heating does occur of course subse¬
quent chilling may damage the
chickens. Overcrowding of course
may be the chief cause in many
cases of overheating and chilling.

4. Coccidiosis has a very ready
avenue of entering the picture after
chicks have been overheated or
chilled. Acute coccidiosis usually
hits the chicks between 4 to 12 weeks,
although we have seen it in chicks
ID days ’ old. Chicks appear un¬
thrifty, show loss of appetite and
are likely to be dumpy or humped-up.
Acute coccidiosis usually can be con¬
trolled by flushing the birds with
epsom salts or dried milk mash, and

giving the pen a thorough cleaning.
This treatment may have to be re¬
peated in a week or 10 days.

5. Pneumonia in young chicks is
usually due to drafty pens, or chill¬
ing and overheating. Young chicks
need very little ventilation and if
too much is provided, floor drafts
will result and cause pneumonia.

6. Losses from foxes, dogs, hawks,
crows and the like, can be held down,
but probably never completely
eliminated except by brooding and
rearing in complete confinement.

7. Range paralysis in many locali¬
ties is largely due to chronic cocci¬
diosis. In this case a good range ro¬
tation and sanitation program will
help prevent major losses. In some
states or localities range paralysis
may be due to some other disease
or virus; then good management and
sanitation will help control this type
of paralysis, but not too effectively.

8. Lice and mites take toll annu¬
ally. It will pay to treat both bi’ooder
houses and range shelters to pre¬
vent mites from getting a start; also
growing pullets should be examined
occasionally to see that they are free
of lice, and if not to give them an
effective delousing.

9. Theft cannot always be pre¬
vented. Where the size of business
justifies, a night watchman should
be provided. Where small flocks are
involved, it may be necessary for
the owner to sleep on the range or
have a good watch dog.

By „ careful management a con¬
siderable portion of the aforemen¬
tioned troubles and losses may be
materially reduced. After all, the
man or woman who is doing the
brooding and rearing has it in his
or her hands to do a fine job or a
slip-shod one. Good care and
management will pay good dividends
in rearing pullets.

Livability is certainly inherited and
not all losses can be charged
against management. Two good
questions you may well ask yourself
are (1) How many good pullets will
I house next Fall per 100 chicks
purchased? (2) For each 100 pullets
housed next Fall, how many good
layers will be alive the following
Fall? If you had the answer now.
to these two questions, you could
readily predict just how profitable
your poultry business would be next
year. They can be answered now
in part by two things:

First, purchase chicks from sources
of stock that are known to have the
production you want, plus livability.
Second, check your management
plans to see that you do your part
to eliminate losses that you can pre¬
vent by eternal vigilance.

T. B. Charles

Poultry Tumors

I have a flock of about 50 Barred
Rock pullets, hatched last April.
They began laying in September and
have laid more than 50 per cent all
Winter. They have been well cared
for; but nine big hens died since
September, all with tumors. Is this
an inherited condition? Is is possibly
tuberculosis? A. F.

New York

Inasmuch as your birds have been
laying heavily all Winter and are
in good flesh, it is apparent that the
tumors are not related to tubercu¬
losis. Hens affected with tuberculosis
get thin and emaciated and waste
away. They also show loss of color
around the face, comb and wattles.
Tumors are of frequent occurrence
in domestic fowls and their cause is
not definitely known.

At the present time, there is a de¬
cided increase in Leucosis, or the
so-called big liver disease; with this
there occur many tumors, also
nodules or spots on the liver. In the
case of simple tumors, or this more
complex problem of big livers, there
is no proof as yet as to inheritance
having anything to do with it.

t. b. c.

Poultry Vaccination

Does all poultry have to be
vaccinated or only just chickens?
Must the chicks be vaccinated and
at what age. f. M.

New York

I assume you are referring to
vaccination for Fowl Pox control and
prevention.

If you plan to vaccinate for Fowl
Pox control, all birds on the premises
.should be vaccinated. However, at
this time of year it would be reason¬
ably safe not to vaccinate old birds
and pullets in heavy production; if
care is taken to avoid carrying any
of the vaccine on the clothes or hands
after treating the growing stock.
Also if hens or pullets in heavy pro¬
duction are vaccinated it will slow
down production to as low as 10 to
15 per cent level. Better take a
chance on waiting until the old birds
are through laying and vaccinate
only those birds that you plan to
carry over for the following Winter.

Probably the best age to vaccinate
for Fowl Pox would be from eight
to sixteen weeks of age. t. b. c.

Vitamin A in Egg Yolk

Although many foods having a
yellow or orange color are rich in
Vitamin A, this is not necessarily
true of an egg yolk. If the hen has
abundant green leafy feed, her eggs
will have dark yolks and a high
concentration of “provitamin A,”
which can be converted into Vita¬
min A in the human body. Yellow
corn in the diet also increases the
color of the yolk but provides less
provitamin A than green leafy feed.

On the other hand, eggs from hens
getting a diet that is low in pigments
but high in fish-liver oil will have
light-colored yolks rich in Vitamin
A. So either the pale or the deeply
colored yolks may — or may not — be
high in Vitamin A.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

315 '

REDBI RD

World’s Largest Breeding Farm

90,000 PULLORUM-TESTED BREEDERS
All Maintained on Our Own Farm

First Farm to Guarantee 98% Livability 1st
4 Weeks, on Champion, Grade-A, and Grade-B
Matings, and to maintain that Guarantee 12
years (now in its 13th year). Customers.ro-
port 3-lb. Broilers at 10 weeks, and 50%
Production 24-oz. Eggs from 6-month Pullets.
RHODE ISLAND REDS. BARRED PLY¬
MOUTH ROCKS, WHITE LEGHORNS.
ROCK-RED CROSS (Barred Broilers) —
RED-ROCK CROSS (Sex Linked)
Sexing Service: Pullets or Cockerels to order,
all matings, warranted 95% accurate. Lowest
Prices in REDBIRD History, To Step Up
Your Production for Heavy Selling and
Handsome Profits.

WRITE TODAY for New Catalog, with
1941 Price List.

Redbird Farm Wrentham, Mass,

PULLETS

Down to

$T90

PRICES

SEND FOR OUR

CATALOG

Make a side by side
comparison of our Prices
and Quality with any other
chicks and prove to your¬
self you can save up to
5c per chick. Our Fine
Purebred Foundation
Chicks are second to nqne,
regardless of price. They
are One Grade Only —
THE BEST, and come from 196,000 Blood Tested
Breeders, all Super-Culled and Hogan-Tested for
High Premium Quality Egg Records and
Big, Fast Growing Broilers. Send today for
our Amazing Bargain Prices and Catalog.
A postcard will do. __

SIEB’S HATCHERY

Box 195, Lincoln, Illinois

A small ad with
a big message! The
full message of facts
and figures, with a wealth
of common sense poultry information,
awaits you in our new 1941 free cata¬
log. A breeding farm pullorum free.

ROBERT C. COBB, Old Pickard Farm

350 Great Road Concord, Mass.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm— N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Maul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE

PARMENTER’S

U. S. R. O. P.

World’s greatest egg layers by official figures.
Won 15 contests, best Red pen 31 contests.
1931-1940. Chicks. Eggs, males. Catalog.

E. B. PARMENTERKUM:

- TWICHELL’S NEW HAMPSHIRES —

R.O.P. — Bred for Farm Flock Profits — egg and
meat qualities, less broodiness. etc. Pullorum
clean. Free Catalog tells full story. Write.

H. S. & M. E. Twichell, Bt.l, Box B, Exeter, N. H.

.Christie’s NEW HAMPSHIRES

- %iLor SPIZZERINKTUM

SPIZZERINKTUM Chicks always
have been and always will be sold
on a quality basis. They are the
choice of thousands of successful
SRpoultry raisers. 40,000 Pullorum-
Tested Breeders. Chicks and Hatching
Eggs from Spizzerinktum New Hamp¬
shires and Chris-Cross Barred Hybrids.
Write for Catalog and price list.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

CHICKS Parmenter Reds. Rock Red Cross. 1 to 4 year
old breeders. RED-W-FARM, WOLCOTT, N. Y.

Rahv ffinrlrc 100% Maryland U.S. Approved Barred
VaXiy LII1U6 Rocks. New Hampshire Reds and White
Leghorns. All from State Culled and tube tested breed¬
ers. WEST DENTON HATCHERY, Denton, Maryland

TOXITE KILLS

Before you get your chicks, spray brooder houses with T
ite. Kills disease germs, Coccidiosis, worms, red mit
etc. Sold by dealers everywhere. Write for poultry bo

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, ti

Various Egg Auctions

West Paterson, N. J,

White Eggs — Prices April 15, 1941

Jumbo .

$0.31 @ $0,281/2

Large .

.30 @

.25%

Medium .

.26 @

.23%

Pullet .

,22i/4 @

.21%

Pewee .

.171/2 @

.16

Brown Eggs —

Jumbo .

.30 @

.25%

Large .

.28 @

.23

Medium .

.241/4 @

.22%

Pullet .

.21 @

.20%

Pewee .

.17 @

.16%

Bethlehem, Pa.

White Eggs — Prices April 18,

1941

Fancy Large .

$0.2914 @ $0,251/4

Fancy Medium . . . .

.261/4 @

.223/4

Extras Large .

.271/4 @

•24%

Extras Medium . . . .

.24% @

■22%

Standard Large . . .

.251/2 @

.20%

Standard Medium .

.22% @

.22%

Producers’ Large . .

.241/2 @

.21%

Producers’ Medium.

.23 @

.20%

Pullets .

.221/2 @

•20%

Pewees .

.181/4 @

.17%

Jumbos .

.39 @

.36

Crax .

.191/2 @

• 19%

Brown Eggs —

Fancy Large .

.25% @

•24%

Fancy Medium . . . .

.213/4 @

•203/4

Extras Large .

.243/4 @

.24

Extras Mediums . . .

.22 @

.21

Standard Large . . .

.211/2 @

Pullets .

.191/2 @

• 18%

Pewees .

.I81/2 @

.18

Vineland,

N. J.

White Eggs — Prices April 14,

1941

Fancy Extra .

$0.28% @ $0,253/4

Fancy Medium . . .

.253/4 @

.24

Grade A Extra . . .

.261/2 @

•24%

Grade A Medium . .

.243/4 @

.23%

Producers’ Extra . .

.24% @

.23%

Producers’ Medium

.231/2 @

•2?%

Pullets .

.233/4 @

.22

Pewees .

.18 @

.15

Ducks .

.34% @

.34

Jumbos .

.301/4 @

.273A

Brown Eggs —

Fancy Extra .

.27 @

•24%

Fancy Medium . .

.233/4 @

.22%

Grade A Extra . .

.26% @

.23%

Grade A Medium . .

.23 dci)

.22

Producers’ Extra . .

.22 % @

.22%

Pullets .

.20 @

.18%

Pewees .

.16% @

.15%

N. Y. State Egg Contest

Carried on at the State Institute
of Applied Agriculture, Farmingdale,
L. I., N. Y. Report for week of April
14, 1941. The leading pens are:

White Leghorns Points Eggs
Foreman Poultry Farm., 1771 1759
Foreman Poultry Farm .. . 1711 1694
Honoria Poultry Farm... 1699 1738

Content Farms . 1690 1632

Harry A. Schnell . 1685 1618

Creighton Bros . 1681 1662

Creighton Bros . 1678 1590

Harry A. Schnell . 1639 1646

Moreland Thompson . 1622 1626

White Wyandottes ....
Missouri Valley Farm .... 890 969

White Plymouth Rocks

Arthur F. Beckman . 1295 1404

Faith Farm . 1216 1262

Barred Plymouth Rocks

R. C. E. Wallace . 1725 1703

David T. Cohen . 1601 1513

New Hampshires

Joachim Breeding Farm.. 1960 1877
Joachim Breeding Farm. . 1756 1660
Rhode Island Reds

J. J. Warren . 2256 2122

E. B, Parmenter . 2157 2062

J. J. Warren..: . 1986 1944

E. B. Parmenter . 1818 1747

Moss Farm . 1779 1651

Ford’s Riverbank Farm.. 1692 1737
T. H. Mettler . 1602 1546

Storrs Egg Laying Contest

Carried on at the Connecticut
Agricultural College at Storrs. Conn,
for the week ending April 14, 1941.

The leading pens are:

New Hampshires Points Eggs

James H. Horne . 1958 1831

Joachim Breeding Farm 1800 1663
White Rocks

Albert C. Lawton . 1770 1794

Hillview-Imp. Bdg. Farm 1595 1583
Barred Rocks

Angus J. Urquhart . 1949 1871

Dryden Pity. Bdg. Farm 1926 1868

David T. Cohen . 1828 1810

White Leghorns

J. A. Hanson . 2416 2282

J. A. Hanson . 2138 2048

Kauder’s Pdg. Leghorns. . 1895 1827

W. A. Seidel . 1882 1787

Rhode Island Reds

L. D. Bartholomew . 2247 2108

Hareo Orch. & Pity. Farm 2160 2040

Roberts Pity. Farm . 2120 1976

G. B. Treadwell . 2097 2004

J. J. Warren . . 2084 20-10

ELMER H. WENE

SEXED

DAY-OLD & STARTED

EGG & BROILER PRICES ahead of last year
and going up! Feed costs very favorable. Prepare
yourself for next fall’s HIGHER broiler and egg PRICES with
East’s most popular and largest selling chicks and pullets 1

CHOICE OF MORE EGG AUCTION
MEMBERS Than Any Other Chicks in East

The HIGHEST AVERAGE EGG PROFITS are
made by the members of EGG AUCTIONS. More
eggs are sold at Eastern Egg Auctions from Wene
Chicks than from any others. That’s^ because Wene
stock lays so many fancy, premium quality eggs. So
even if you have only a small backyard flock for your own fam¬
ily’s needs, you would still benefit by WENE chick breeding.

g/f SAVINGS on Your Favorite Breed

East’s largest production R.O.P. Sired WHITE LEG¬
HORNS, BARRED ROCKS, WHITE ROCKS, REDS and NEW
HAMPSHIRES headed by pedigreed males from R.O.P. Hens,
records 200 to 300 eggs. Other purebreeds. East’s largest pro¬
duction Specialty Crossbreeds: WYANROCKS, BRAMROCKS,
REDROCKS, MINORCA -LEGHORNS. Write today for RE¬
DUCED SUMMER PRICES, FREE CATALOG.

WENE

[HICKfStPULLETf

soT CREDIT

IF DESIRED

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds. Bloodtested.1
No order too large or too small for;
dependable service.

HATCHES EVERY WEEK
YEAR AROUND

1,800,000 EGGS
HATCHING CAPACITY

New Jersey,

. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

U.S

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept. 301S-E, Vineland, N. J.

WOLF "FARMERS’ FRIEND’CHICKS

- — - - ;

Now you can get WOLF “Farmers’ Friend” Chicks at new low prices.
They’re from A. P. A. Registered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for
large egg production.

Order with confidence from this ad, or send for FREE GUIDEBOOK.
Only $1.00 books your order, balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

“A” “AA” “AAA”

_ „ „ Mating Mating Mating

S. C. White Leghorns . $6.25 $7.25 $8.25

Leghorn Pullets . 12.50 14.50 16.50

Leghorn Cockerels . 2.00 3.00 4.00

. - — „ W. and Barred Rooks, It. I Reds, and W. Wyandottes 7.00 8.00 9.00

W. and RI. Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, W. Australorps 7.00 8.00 9.00

White and Black Giants . 8.00 9.00 10.00

Assorted Heavies . 6.00 7.00

Odds - ends . 5.50 6.50

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less than 100 add 50e to the price.

WOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, 6IBS0NBURG, OHIO

JUNIATA LFfiHORN<k °ur 27th year of breedln S for larger and better LEGHORNS. We keep
V WI1IM in LLUIIVIIIIO from 4 000 to 8,000 birds on our farm. All are of TOM BARRON strain,
weighing up to 6% lbs. All breeders are Bloodtested and are from 2 to 6 years old. Visitors always welcome.
Write for photos of farm, they are free. Chick prices low as $6.50 per 100; Pullets $13; Cockerels $2.00.

JUNIATA POULTRY FARM Box R RICHFIELD, PA.

0£V.MAPLELAWN LARGE CHICKS

r\\V^ BRED FOR SIZE AND EGG PRODUCTION

HATCHES EVERY MONDAY & THURSDAY — 100% LIVE DELIVERY POSTPAID

LARGE ENGLISH

Pullets — IOO

Ckls.— 100

Non-Sexed — IOO

WHITE LEGHORNS .

$2.00

$6.00

BARRED & WHITE ROCKS . . .

7.00

RED-ROCK CROSS .

7.00

R. I. REDS & WHITE WYAND.

. 8.50

7.00

NEW HAMPSHIRE REDS .

7.00

8.00

HEAVY MIXED .

5.50

6.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. Pullets

90% guar. Terms:

Cash or C.O.D.

Write for free Cat.

MAPLE LAWN HATCHERY,

R. T. Ehrenzeller.

Box R,

McAlisterville, Pa.

CHICKS

100% LIVE ARRIVAL GUAR. POSTPAID
CASH OR C. O. D, — ORDER FROM AD.
ALL BREEDERS BLOODTESTED

Hatches Every Mon. & Thur.

100 Non-Sexed

100 Pullets

100 Cockerels

LARGE ENGLISH WHITE LEGHORNS

$12.00

$2.00

NEW HAMPSHIRE REDS .

9.50

* 7.00

BARRED & WHITE ROCKS .

8.50

7.00

R. 1. REDS & WHITE WYANDOTTES

_ 7.00

8.50

7.00

RED-ROCK CROSS .

8.50

7.00

HEAVY MIXED .

7.50

5.50

Extra Quality Chicks
bred for size and
egg production. Pullets
guar. 90%. Write
for FREE Folder.

SUNNY SLOPE HATCHERY, INC.,

DEPT. R,

THOMPSONTOWN, PENNA.

M AT l?*C ATT AY YT’V Y^YYYf KC Breeders bloodtested. From free range flocks. Safe del.
■‘•vl-cAV-ti O ytlrlljll X V/IHVUiJ gllar We p.ay postage. Cir. free. 100 500 1000

HANSON OR ENGLISH LARGE TYPE SEXED PULLETS <95% accurate) . $12.00 $60.00 $120.00

HANSON OR ENGLISH LARGE TYPE STR. RUN WH. LEG. or BR. LEGHORNS 6.50 32.50 65.00

BAR. & WH. ROCKS, R. I. & N. H. R EDS, WH. WYAN D. & BU FF ORPIN GTONS 7.00 35.00 70.00

Leghorn Cockerels, $2.00-100; $9.00-500: $18.00-1000. Assorled or Heavy Mixed.... 6.00 30.00 60.00

1 N. NACE POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY, BOX R, RICHFIELD, PA.^— .

__ _ U. S. APPROVED

FAIRPORT chicks

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . . . Parmenter Reds
Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

d n d cincn -1 fears of steady breeding im-

• H. U, F. olKtU provement with bloodlines from
WH LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those
- nonce Dome aboTe make thls year’s chicks our

• LHUbb-DKtub greatest breeding values. U. S.

• SFXED CHICKS Approved — pullorum tested. Every

, , breeder selected and banded by

in all breeds N. y. State Dep’t. of Agriculture
official. Largest state supervised
hatchery in N. Y. We hatch the year round.

LOW PRICES — FREE CATALOG
Get low prices, breeding facts on Fairport Leg¬
horns. R. I. Reds, New Hampshires. White
Wyandottes, Barred and White Rocks. Also
Hamp-Rocks (sex-linked cross! and Rock-Hamp-
shires (barred cross) from Twichell and Lake
Winthrop strains. Write Today.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Box R Fairport, New York

ENGLISH WHITE LEGHORN

PULLETS

4 Weeks Old

From Healthy, well paying: flocks, 25c each

COCKERELS

Same breed and agre . , *. ... 8c each

Shipments are made by express collect A 10%
deposit will book your order.

Also Baby Chicks, Ducklings, Turkey Poults
FAIRVIEW HATCHERY - THERESA, N. Y.

From Large Size,
heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks

from Blood - Tested _

healthy vigorous selected stock.
®r May delivery at $8.00 per 100;
$38.00 per 500; $75.00 per 1000. Sexed
Pullets $16.00 per 100; $77.00 per 500;
$150 per 1000. Cockerels $1.50 per 100
Order from this ad. or write for Cat.

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Kleinfeltersville, Penna,

CLEAR SPRING CHIC KS

no % Guar. Pullets Str. Pult a Ckla.

100% live del. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns ..$6.50 $13.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds 7.00 10.00 7.00

Red-Rock Cross . 8.00 11.00 7.00

N H. Reds . 8.00 12.00 7.00

Black Minorcas . 7.00 14.00 2.50

?«*yy Mixed . 6.00 9.00 6.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Cash or C. O D
It will pay you to get our 1911 FREE Catalog of
31 years breeding experience.

_ O .CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa.

«Z*< RURAL NEW-YORKER

316

May 3. 1941

Readers Give Views on R

payer whose children are no longer
of school age; a spinster; or a
bachelor, is not as sympathetic to
the cause of a new school as are the
parents of youngsters that are likely
to attain an education there. It is
of little concern to the former that
the youngsters in their neighborhood
must put up with inadequate facili¬
ties for their education.

Before the central school came into
being here, my children attended a
little one-room school in which my
great aunt had taught 80 years ago.
And the changes to bring it up to
date had been few in the meantime.
We want for our children the best
obtainable. That is — we do if we,
ourselves, are progressive. Education
is making fcrward strides in keeping
with the progress of our changing
world — centralization is the modern
trend in schooling. Edna Manners

Wappingers Falls, N. Y.

Migratory Schooling

The Rural New-Yorker has pub¬
lished many letters pro and con on
the rural school problem and has
been so friendly to free speach that
I am assuming liberty to treat an¬
other phase of the problem that has
not yet been on the screen to the
public. Though I am aware I may
be called an old fogy or a radical; all
these new activities in school and
road affairs seem to be part of the
current effort to centralize and regi¬
ment rural life.

Last Summer our little school
structure, Friendship, went to the
highest bidder, razed as by hurricane
— the place where, surrounded by a
beautiful wood, I and eight brothers
and sisters learned our three R’s,
waded the deep snows fitting us for
the storms of life; seven of us yet
surviving. This school house was
the third on the site, each an im¬
provement over the last. The name
was suggested by my grandfather
(Hoyt) who about the year 1820
migrated from Friendship near the
Finger Lakes, New York. There he
established a home, a gri^t mill, a
saw mill and a store and as a
physician, served a wide settlement.

The above is typical of many rural

Re: Centralization

Like F. H. Lacy, I am from an
outlying district and have a whop¬
ping big tax bill; but I’m grateful
for and proud of the Wappingers
Central School. I doubt if he — in
his item on centralization — meant to
imply that the Wappingers Central
School Board, as well as the com¬
mittees who worked in favor of
centralization in Wappingers Falls,
are corrupt. Yet, what he stated left
that impression with me and lest the
item influence some taxpayer in an¬
other community to “profit by
Wappingers example,” it seems only
fair to let it be known that we have
capable men at the helm — fellow
human beings, no more given to
poor judgment and corruption than
F. H. Lacy or I; that there are more
taxpayers tickled pink with the new
school than are sitting home biting
their nails; and that the Wappingers
Falls Central School is not a white
elephant — a burden without com¬
pensation to the taxpayer; it is a
success.

The opponents in the outlying dis¬
tricts were mainly disgruntled about
the building of the central school be¬
cause it was to be erected near the
village, nearest the greatest number
of students. In their campaign against
it, they asked the question, “Why
should we pool our funds with the
village so that they can have the
school they need?” They were for
erecting a school at some far off date
in their own neck of the woods, not
recognizing the fact that we were in
as desperate a need for a decent
school as were the villagers.

They used the argument, hoping to
reach the hearts of parents, that in
so large a school as the Wappingers
Central School was proposed to be,
disease would be more prevalent.
(The Wappingers Central Schools had
about 300 cases -of “flu” during this
recent epidemic and the opponents
are saying, “I told you so!” despite
the fact that schools in other com¬
munities had to close because of the
epidemic). Statistics disproved their
theory, or course. When an epidemic
of mumps, measels, chicken pox, etc.,
broke out in any one of the little
one-room schools, it also broke out
in all the sister schools, at the same
time, in a 20 mile area. They used
the argument that the central school
would be run by the village and the
outlying districts would have no say
about it. That we have a “packed”
school board may be true, but the
members of that board are qualified
men doing a good job.

Granted that the village taxpayers
did sway the vote in favor of erect¬
ing the central school because of
their majority over the outlying dis¬
tricts. They voted “yes” despite the
fact that their taxes would go sky
high since they were and still are
paying taxes on an $80,000 indebted¬
ness on the former school that now
stands idle, having been condemned.
They were willing, if not eager, to
assume the additional burden so that
their children should be safe. I think
I would be safe in saying that the
opposition was mostly composed of
taxpayers without children. A tax¬

Photos — H. Schmid

A Visit to Washington in the Spring
Above: The Abraham Lincoln statue in the Lincoln Memorial. Below:

Entrance to the White House.

ural Schools

centers which in the past have
fostered rural life that evinced an
honesty and virtue that we might
well emulate today.

In farmers’ halls a score or more
years ago, there was much discussion
of school consolidation and free
transportation. Then the idea did
not have much support by the rural
folk but later the plan, agitated from
the top down, became an organized
system “For better or for worse”;
while this “Cash and carry” school¬
ing has visible advantages which
those in the service will enumerate.

But who is to write or tell us of
the apparent social paralysis of rural
communities since we have migratory
schooling? We transport our youth
daily to the already crowded streets
and schools of large centers carry¬
ing with them the inherent life and
gayety of youth and, lo, the centers
seem to like it. In plain addition
and substraction, some place has
lost and some place has gained. The
rural folks have lost a fullness of
home and community life.

Since the exit of the “Little Red
School House,” who ever hears of
a spelling bee, a school exhibition
or an old time singing school where
parents and youth mingle in happy
participation? Bless you, now when
we meet our neighbors’ children in
the road we do not know them. The
paths over the meadows and the
woodlots, once worn smooth, are now
grass and weed grown. If farmers
alone were the authors of the state
of affairs, we would call it rural
suicide.

I had hoped that at least half of
the high school training would be

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for March 1941 is $1.95 for 3.5
per cent milk in the 201-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk) $2.65 per
cwt.; Class 1 (relief) $2.08 per cwt.; Class

2- A (fluid cream) $1,902 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,661; 2-C.
$1,611: 3-A. $1,566; 3-B, $1,561; 3-C, $1,391;

3- D, $1,336; 4-A, $1,261; 4-B, $1,236.

Fluid sales for the whole month of
March amounted to 206,677.871 pounds
and there was a total of 512,018.433 pounds
of milk in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15
cents; 27(4 cents for 2-quart container.
BUTTER

Premium marks, 33 'A to 34y2c; 91 to 92
score, 33 to 33V4C; 88 to 90 score. 32 to
33c; unsalted, best, 34%c; 90 to 92 score.
33 to 33%c; storage, 32 'Ac.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 29'/4c; specials.
2414c; standards, 23%c; firsts. 22 >4 c; under¬
grades, 21>/2c; exchange mediums, 22%c;
Pacific Coast specials, 31c; standards, 2814c:
mediums, 2614c; browns, extra fancy, 2514c;
specials, 24c; standards, 2214c; mediums,
22c; duck eggs. 30c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 214 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, 114 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are the open¬
ing figures for best quality. Undergrades
and small sizes, proportionately lower.
Fowls, 23c; chickens. 24c; roosters, 13c
DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 20c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 26c;
capons, 31c; squabs, 37 to 40c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.50; bulls. $8.50; cows, $7.50;
-calves, $12.50; lambs, $9.25; hogs. $9.05.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $4; stringbeans, bu., $4;
cabbage, 114 bu., $1.25; carrots, bu., 50c;
cauliflower, crate. $2.25; celery, crate, $2.50;
chives, flat, 90c; collards, bu., 65c; dan¬
delions. bu.. 50c: horseradish, bkt., $3.75;
kale, bu., 50c: lettuce, bu., $1; onions, 50
lbs., $1.10; peas, bu., $3; peppers, bu., $1.50,
FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.50 to $2.50; pears, bu., $1;
strawberries, pt„ 12c; oranges, box. $2.25
to $5.75; lemons, box. $5; grapefruit, box.
$2 to $3.50; papayas, lb.. 20c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1 Timothy, $20: No. 2, $18;
No. 3, $15; clover mixed, $21; straw, oat
and wheat, $14.

given in a rural center. It would
seem more practical to transport a
few capable teachers than the large
loads of youngsters now carried.
There are hints from the pens of
some writers that this migatory
schooling is not conducive to good
moral character and life, which
allusion seems to have some foun¬
dation but that factor of the problem
is not the message of these lines.

However, being intimately familiar
with and associated with this school
and environment for many years I
know of no breach of moral conduct
in the environmnt of the school
Friendship, but do know that there
a number of able and good folks
got their elementary training.

Pennsylvania D. H. Watts

Another Teacher Speaks
Out

The article in your March 8 issue
entitled “A Teacher States Her Case”
amazed me. I doubt very much
whether it was really written by a
teacher at all even though it was
signed by one, but if so, it must
have been written by one so lazy
that new ideas seem too much effort
to assimilate. Some people, perhaps
some teachers too, feel that if it is
easier and cheaper to do things the
old way, it must be better too, even
if wasteful of the children’s time and
effort.

We can never go back to the “good
old days” with their automatic memo¬
rizing of a great deal of little under¬
stood material and their cruelty to
all but average children. Economy
should be sought but not wastefully,
as in ignoring modern useful short¬
cuts to pupils’ interest and under¬
standing.

We have always appreciated The
Rural New-Yorker and found it
remarkably fair as well as interesting
and valuable

A Teacher With a Conscience

The article “Concerning the One-
Room School” published in the March
22 issue of The Rural New-Yorker
is certainly expressive of the edu¬
cation of children at its best. Of all
the social objectives of education,
Character Education is the one which
educators realize the world needs
most of all today. The one-room
school in God’s country, with a
teacher of character, common sense,
energy and ideals with his heart in
the job gets the close cooperation and
interest of parents, pupils and other
citizens. Such a school bridges the
gap between profession and prac¬
tice and accomplishes the character
training objective of education.

Massachusetts G. H. Wetmore

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 38(4c; eggs, 25c; live fowls. 21c;
chickens, 23c; dressed fowls, 22V2c; chickens.
28V2c; squabs, lb. 40c; apples, bu., $1.50:
carrots, bu., 45c; mushrooms, 3-lb. bkt..
55c; onions, 50 lbs., $1.25; potatoes, 100 lbs.
$1.25; sweet potatoes, bu., $1.75; spinach,
bu., 35c.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 33%c; eggs. 2314c; hens, 21c;
chickens, 23c; turkeys, 22c; apples, bu..
$1.25; onions, 50 lbs., $1.50; potatoes, 100
lbs., $1.50; hay, $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12.25; bulls, $10.50; cows, $10;
calves, $11.50; wethers, $5.10; lambs, $14;
hogs, $8.50; pigs, $8.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12; cows, $8.25; bulls. $8.25:
calves, $13; feeders and stockers, $9 to $12.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 34c: eggs, 26c; dressed fowls,
24c; ducks, 17c: turkeys, 27c; live fowls,
22c; chickens, 23c; apples, bu., $1.75 to $2;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.50; carrots, bu., 40c;
lettuce, bu., $1.25; onions, 50 lbs., 85c.

Market Exchange

CAN USE

FANCY EGGS

BEST PRICES PAID
BOVERS & ROSENBLUM
2298 12th Ave. New York City

enip Tour live poultry to New York’s oldest
**• A m live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Box tit), W eat \V aslilnttoa Market, IS e w lark City

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGOS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAK TO

17 Jay St. New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!

S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

\\r fN I WANTED. Montgomery Worsted

™ *-* Mills, Inc., Montgomery, N. Y.

BACK NUMBERS OF MAGAZINES

I at low cost. Write for FREE LIST to choose from, 1
I or give names and dates of any magazines desired. 1
All requests handled promptly.

| MAGAFILE CO., Box 954, New Haven, Conn. |

STEADY WORK-GOOD PAY

• TVT o H - W o m. en •

FREE OITTFIT makes you up to $48.00 in a week
taking orders without deposit. Earnings advanced.
Full or spare time. No experience.

HEA TH NURSERIES, Dept. 12, Manchester, Conn.

DATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
O Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue It. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25c.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25c roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS. Box 2255, PATERSON. N. J.

CIDER TIME,

Supplies.

PALMER

Free. How to keep cider
sweet, make vinegar quick¬
ly, money from cull apples.
Presses. Graters. Filters.

BROS., COS COB, CONN.

7*t RURAL. NEW-YORKER

517

Subscribers, Exchange

Other Advertisements ot Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 319.

WANTED SINGLE men, $30 month, board;

also couple, both milk; men general farm
work. State wages. BOX 294, Delhi, N. Y.

WANTED — Farmer and wife for small 15
acre farm. Conveniences; $25 per month
and keep. Year round position and good
home for right couple. ADVERTISER 1724,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Country woman for general
housework in adult family. Modern country
home. Permanent if satisfactory; $35 month.
State age. BOX 18, River Road, Bound
Brook, N. J.

WOMAN MIDDLEAGED for general house¬
work; adults. Good home, own room,
steady work. $30 per month. MRS. HELEN
GODWIN, 472 Prospect St., South Orange,
New Jersey.

WANTED — General houseworker, refined
woman not over 50, as mothers helper.
Every convenience, private room with radio
and bath. $30 per month. P. O. BOX 133,
Valhalla, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTED, private residence, near
Spring Valley, N. Y. Woman, housework;
man, garden. Good home; no washing. Wages
$50 monthly. Write, with references. AD¬
VERTISER 1727, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farmer to work farm on shares.

Sullivan County. ADVERTISER 1728,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN SEEKS employment, country estate.

Experienced, farming, driving car, handy¬
man. Married, 45 years, citizen, born
Germany. Please write VEITH, care Eisner,
160 Riverside Drive, New York City.

STUDENT, AGRICULTURAL H. S., General
knowledge farming, especially poultry,
desires work on farm; school vacation.
DINGER, 114-08 133 Ave., Ozone Park,

Long Island.

HOUSEKEEPER FOR two people, or dining
room work in institution. Anywhere if
fare paid one way. ADVERTISER 1684, care
Rural New-Yorker.

A POLISH farmer who lost his farm in
the war, is now in America looking for
a farm connection, where his ability will
be helpful with opportunity to learn the
American way. ADVERTISER 1685, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SITUATION WANTED by reliable experi¬
enced gardener, flowers, vegetables, straw¬
berries. Strong, willing, milker, teamster,
temperate; board, $40 monthly. Come at
once with car. ROBERT WAITE, Canastota,
N. Y. Care E. Hurn.

REFINED, RELIABLE American, middleaged
mother and son 11, both wish light work.
July- August with American Protestant
Christian family; Eastern New York. Refer¬
ences exchanged. ADVERTISER 1688, care
Rural New-Yorker.

Help Wanted

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, single man, A-l
milker, operate tractor; $50, board, room,
washing. BOX 456, Cobleskill, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man to take charge of
small farm in Connecticut. Permanent po¬
sition, good wages and living conditions
for right man. ADVERTISER 1700, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED MAN on dairy farm, $65 per
month, house and privileges; also single
man, $50 per month and board. Albany
County. ADVERTISER 1701, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged woman for cooking
and housework for dairy farm on Long
Island. Must be a very good plain cook;
salary $40. ADVERTISER 1704, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man, general work; small
dairy farm; milk, drive team. $40 and
board. Also single gardener, lawns, vege¬
table garden, chickens; $35 and board. No
milking. Every Sunday off. ADVERTISER
1705, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE, about 40, farm
school or college training, desired on
breeding farm. Central New Jersey. Must
be Protestant, sober, honest, industrious and
thoroughly reliable; wages and bonus. State
training, experience and references. ADVER¬
TISER 1691, care Rural New-Yorker.

MILKER — Single man. Write BOX B,
Greystone Park, N. J. for particulars.

WANTED — Middleaged woman to help with
general housework in large farm house.
Christian home, all conveniences, $30 per
month. LA GROTTA FARMS, New Preston,
Connecticut.

CHRISTIAN GENERAL houseworker. Good
plain cooking. Modern home, suburban
New York. Three adults. No smoking; state
age, salary, references. ADVERTISER 1709,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR small estate in Connecticut,
50 miles from New York City. Wife plain
cook, houseworker. Husband: gardener,
handyman; $60 *a month and board. State
ages and experience. ADVERTISER 1710,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED BY modern South Connecticut
dairy farm, single man, experienced
general farm work. Good wages to man
with milking machine and dairy room ex¬
perience. Write full particulars and salary
wanted. ADVERTISER 1715, care Rural
New-Yorker.

OPPORTUNITY OFFERED: Strong, healthy
inexperienced young man who is defi¬
nitely interested in dairy farming. Prefer
one who has or intends to study agriculture.
Will receive room, board, wages, good ex¬
perience on modern farm. Write your in¬
tentions, age, education, etc. SEARCREST
FARM DAIRY, Norwalk, Conn.

MAN ON dairy farm, $65 per month, house
and privileges. Willing to board help; $30
per month. Albany. ADVERTISER 1717,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FOR May, neat couple. Experi¬
enced farmer, dairy and crop production,
dry-hand milker, independent worker with
qualification. No liquor, honest and abso¬
lutely capable. Separate new house with
every improvement, one hour from New
York City. $65 per month including elec¬
tricity, extra for boarding help. Steady
position and good future. State age, qualifi¬
cation and references. ADVERTISER 1721,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED SINGLE man for dairy farm, dry-
hand milker and good all around man,
driving tractor and horses. New house,
bath and good board. 40 miles from New
York City; steady position, wages $40 per
month and good future. No liquor. Give
references and age. MAX DIENER, Cherry
Lane Farm, Ringoes, N. J.

WANTED SINGLE man, farm with milking
machines; who can handle team. Good
salary and board. Address, H. E METCALF,
Branchville, N. J.

DAIRY HAND, single, 6-day week; $35
monthly, room, board, permanent; Penn¬
sylvania. ADVERTISER 1734, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GOOD, STRONG couple for housework.

gardens, etc; small country place. $50.
ADVERTISER 1723, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED GARDENER wanted. Year-
round position in Montclair, N. J. Married
man preferred. Must be under 50. Apart¬
ment provided. References required. Write
stating experience, age, size of family. AD¬
VERTISER 1735, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Woman good cook and general
housework; man for inside and some
gardening. Suburban New York home. State
experience, references and enclose photo.
H. W. BARCLAY, King St., Port Chester, N. Y.

FARM WORK, strong girl, cultivate, weed,
drive tractor, etc. Small pay, respectable
place. Northern New Jersey. References.
ADVERTISER 1736, care Rural New-Yorker.

CARETAKER GARDENER, married, ex¬
perienced every detail of up-keep, farm
or estate. ADVERTISER 1737, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WOMAN TO make herself useful on small
country place, no laundry; take full
charge when owner is away. Country raised
preferred; age between 30-40. $30 per month
to start. Own room, good home to right
party. BOX 125, Green Village, N. J.

COUPLE — Without children, gardener, farm¬
er, handyman, cook. A11 conveniences,
year around, state age, experience, wages
expected first letter. S. B. VANDER VOORT,
Ashville, N. Y.

WANTED — Single or married man on dairy
farm. FRED NICHOLS, Shelton, Conn.

FARM RAISED young man, preferably
student, on general farm for 2!/2-3 months
from about June 15. Pleasant surroundings.
$50 month and keep. BOX 3, Basking
Ridge, N. J.

MAN TO work in creamery, bottling,
pasteurizing, buttermilk and ice cream.
Good living wage to man that can prove
himself. Address ADVERTISER 1730, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED FARMER, good dry-hand milker.

Man who likes cows and able to get re¬
sults. Good living conditions. Address AD¬
VERTISER 1731, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED HERDSMAN, married, no children
preferred; take charge of Grade-A Guern¬
sey herd. Best of references, $75 per month,
up to date house; willing to board a man
or two. ADVERTISER 1732, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man without family,
good milker and teamster. ERNEST
CROWELL, Middletown, Conn.

Situations Wanted

REFINED MIDDLEAGED man, single, trust¬
worthy, desires light work; preferably
small chicken farm. 1-3 Christian adults.
Good home in preference to little or no
wages, depending on work. ADVERTISER
1703, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOYS FROM Vocational Agriculture High
School desire farm or nursery jobs for
the Summer. (Minimum $5 weekly plus
keep and transportation there). Write
SEWANHAKA PLACEMENT SERVICE,
Floral Park, L. I., N. Y.

EXPERIENCED FARM manager, registered
cattle, high grade milk production, crops
and pasture maintenance. Married, college
certificate, first class references. ADVER¬
TISER 1652, care Rural New-Yorker.

CITY BOY, 18, wishes Summer employ¬
ment, small dairy farm; wages secondary.
WILLIAM DEVERS, 419 East 56th St.,
New York City.

EXPERIENCED MIDDLEAGED milker, team¬
ster; references. Apt. 10, 1750 Grand Ave.,
Bronx, N. Y.

SKILLED CABINET maker, carpenter, good
painter. Elderly Norwegian, desires po¬
sition on estate where conscientious care
of property is appreciated. References.
KRISTIAN NEREM, 507 East 11th St.,
New York City.

MAN, ALONE, 55; caretaker, handy. Poultry-
fruit. SCHLEGEL, 219 Moffat St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

POULTRYMAN, GARDENER, caretaker; in¬
telligent, experienced, steady. Good home,
moderate wages. ADVERTISER 1657, care
Rural New-Yorker.

ASSISTANT GARDENER and handyman,
Scandinavian, 37, single, wishes steady
position on private estate. References, sober,
dependable, well liked; chauffeur’s license.
ADVERTISER 1661, care Rural New-Yorker.

ORCHARDIST, MANAGER experience;

knowledge of vegetables and stock. Agri¬
cultural graduate, married, 29. ADVERTISER
1662, care Rural New-Yorker.

CHRISTIAN, CULTURED American lady,
wishes housekeeping in gentlemans home
of 1-2 adults. Capable, cheerful disposition.
BOX 336, Montclair, N. J.

POSITION WANTED, single, sober, gardener
or assistant; also experienced poultry,
landscaping; handyman, chauffeur. $45. AD¬
VERTISER 1666, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER EXPERIENCED, excellent
cook; American, Protestant, Scotch des¬
cent. Motherless or gentleman’s home.
DUNN, P. O. Box 96, Grand Central Annex,
New York

WANTED BY a nurse, the care of an /in¬
valid lady or gentleman. For full particu¬
lars address ADVERTISER 1671, care Rural
New-Yorker.

LICENSED PRACTICAL nurse at liberty,
drives car, doctors’ references furnished.
Write ADVERTISER 1672, care Rural New-
Yorker.

EXPERIENCED FARMER desires position as
working manager, foreman or herdsman.
ADVERTISER 1679, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER married, efficient, profit¬
able results in all lines of dairy farming.
Interested only in purebred stock “ Excellent
references. ADVERTISER 1687, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GERMAN-AMERICAN, 43, married, one
child. Agricultural school graduate. Effi¬
cient, honest, hardworking; experienced in
dairy, poultry and farming; excellent garden¬
er. Wishes position as caretaker or work¬
ing manager. BOX 621, New Rochelle, N. Y.

SITUATION WANTED, man middleaged,
Christian, handy; wants work on estate
or assist on small poultry farm. No ex¬
perience, clean habits, sober, non-smoker.
ADVERTISER 1690, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN 28, wants farm work; high
wages unnecessary. ADVERTISER 1695,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING MANAGER, 20 years experience
incubation, brooding, laying, trapnesting;
desires change, on modern poultry plant.
Salary or percentage with house. Wife also
'experienced. ADVERTISER 1696, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE PROTESTANT gardener, age 45,
desires garden work. Maine, Vermont or
Adirondacks. Excellent references. State full
particulars in first letter. ADVERTISER
1697, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, college trained, married,
experienced poultry, dairy, general farm.
ADVERTISER 1698, care Rural New-Yorker.

SITUATION WANTED, man middleaged,
sober, reliable, general handyman; insti¬
tutional or private; no farm or driving ex¬
perience; like poultry business. Wages,
hours secondary; country preferred. Other
qualifications, laundry, grocery business.
JOHN SHEEHAN, 375 Westervelt Ave.,
Staten Island, N. Y.

CARETAKER, GARDENER, etc.; drive car.

Middleaged, temperate. TOWERS, care 60
French Ridge, New Rochelle, N. Y.

YOUNG LADY, refugee, graduated land¬
scaping architecture Prague Academy,
wishes position on estate or country home.
Willing, experienced worker. VOSKA, 23-81
27th St., Astoria, Long Island.

POULTRYMAN — Experienced plant manager.

Preference egg, pullet, broiler produc¬
tion. Broad general experience. Organizing
ability. Attention to details. Close timing
schedule. Carpenter, upkeep, repairs. Single,
39; no smoking, no drinking. Clean physi¬
cally, morally. Salary $50 to $80, mainte¬
nance. Will inspect plant. Interview. JOHN
LARSSON, 18 E. Main, Port Jervis, N. Y.

HIGH SCHOOL boy 17, wishes position on
dairy farm for Summer. ADVERTISER
1707, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED, caretaker, married,
two children, all around gardening, paint¬
ing, repairs, etc. ADVERTISER 1529, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SUPERINTENDENT — Is there an estate
owner who wants a superintendent ex¬
perienced in estate management to bring
their farm to a high state of bearing and
eventually have a choice herd of pure¬
bred cattle? If so let us get together and
talk this proposition over. ADVERTISER
1708, care Rural New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, experienced;

Summer position, dairy farm. ADVER¬
TISER 1714, care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPT.-MANAGER Tull charge on private
place where conscientious man desired;
married, over 25 years experience all
branches, garden, crops, horses, cattle, live¬
stock, machinery; sober character, compe¬
tent, trustworthy; excellent references,
previous position satisfactory ten years. AD¬
VERTISER 1720, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRYMAN, BUTTERMAKER, would like
position on small dairy. Wife is of assis¬
tance too. ADVERTISER 1722, care Rural
New-Yorker.

AMBITIOUS YOUNG married man, college
trained, years of experience in milk pro¬
duction and sales; a real go-getter in build¬
ing up routes, seeks position as manager of
small dairy. ADVERTISER 1725, care

Rural New-Yorker,

POSITION WANTED, working gardener and
superintendent on estate by man thor¬
oughly qualified, up-keep lawns, flowers,
gardens, greenhouses, vegetables, shrubs;
also thoroughbred stock, all farm crops. I
offer myself as thorough experienced man.
Neat, cheerful, obliging worker. A leader
not a driver of men. A-l references. JOHN
R. JACKSON, Loomis, N. Y.

WOMAN WITH boy 2>2, desires position in
motherless home or business couple.
EGNER, 805 Schuyler Ave., Arlington, N. J.

WORKING FOREMAN, married, wishes
work on farm or estate; good dry -hand
milker, handle and repair all makes of
machinery, including truck-tractor. AD¬
VERTISER 1729, care Rural New-Yorker.

ELDERLY LADY wants position as house¬
keeper, caretaker or cook. A-l references.
BOX 85, Millbrook, N. Y.

|j Country Board

TWO VACANCIES in a small convalescent
home for chronic, bedridden, convalescent
or elderly patients. Excellent food, good
care; from $25 weekly. ADVERTISER 1654,
care Rural New-Yorker.

GOOD COUNTRY board, plenty good plain
home cooking; good beds; electricity;
bath. $35 monthly. iTwo in bed $30 monthly).
G. A. GOSSOM, Waterfall, Va.

REST HOME, modern, Shenendoah Valley,
mountain view. Special care elderly people,
convalescents; reasonable. FRANCES E.
COURCHEN, 489 N. Main St., Woodstock,
Virginia.

PRIVATE FARM home, prices reasonable;

week-end guests welcome. HYMERS
FARM, Delhi, N. Y.

FURNISHED APARTMENT, three room and
bath. HELEN HYZER, Andes, N. Y.

GREER HOME, Ellicottville, N. Y. for aged
people. Permanent, or by month. Lovely
place.

WANTED ROOM and board on farm by
the month; 65 years old, quiet, congenial,
Protestant; in good health. Moderate terms.
ADVERTISER 1689, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOARDERS WANTED, permanent for Sum¬

mer; quiet, restful place. Small farm.
12 Railroad Ave., Brandon, Vt.

RIVERSIDE FARMS, near mountains, by
river. Large modern home, screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly, Woodstock, Va.

WANT BOARD, room, bath on main floor;

permanent. Must be reasonable. No other
boarders. Orange, Sullivan or Ulster Coun¬
ties only. ADVERTISER 1713, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Boarders, 200 miles from New
York. Booklet on request. MRS. BERT
PRATT, Route 1, Norwich, N. Y.

CONVALESCENTS — Write KATHERINE
STEFFENS, Cochecton, New York.

COUPLE AND two young boys desire
modern farm board for week-ends; about
one hour motor distance from Yonkers.
ADVERTISER 1726, care Rural New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

WILD RASPBERRY, orange blossom or
clover honey, choicest quality, liquefied,
5 lbs. $1.10; postpaid 500 miles; try some.
HARRY MERRILL, Merrick Road, Massa-
pequa, New York.

WAR HAS caused low honey prices. Europe
cannot buy. Take advantage: 60 best clover
$4.50; 28, $2.25. 60 clover and Fall flowers
mixed (good flavor) $3.30. Not prepaid. 10
clover postpaid $1.50. Remember, honey
builds health. Refined sugars may not.
Satisfaction guaranteed. F. W. LESSER.
Fayetteville, N. Y.

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

1941 PURE MAPLE syrup $2.25 gallon; $1.15
or. .-half gallon. Maple cream, 2-lb. pail
$1.10. Sugar cakes 45c lb. HUGH MacLAURY,
Harpersfield, N. Y.

THAT HEAVY bodied, delicate flavored
maple syrup is still $2 per gallon from
SHEOMET FARM, Winchester, Cheshire
County, New Hampshire.

FINE HONEY, liquid, 60 lb. can, here,
mixed clover $3.80; clover $4.80; (two $9).
Fall flower $3.30; 10 lbs. delivered, mixed
and buckwheat $1.40; clover $1.75. RAY
WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

VLTLL IN U 11N JQj v XL-rUVlV^iN 1. ciover

- - — ■ — - — — — — - — — llv/livj' 9 v

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid and
comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third zone.
Nature’s natural nourishment. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

MAPLE SYRUP, introductory offer, one
quart postpaid 70c; 40c pint. HI-N-LO
ACRES, Sharon, Vt.

HONEY CLOVER raspberry blend, delicious,
5 lbs. 85c postpaid, 60 lbs. $6. Fall flowers,
Spanish Needle, 60 lbs. $4.20. JOSEPH"
FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

HONEY — Light amber clover, 60 lbs. $3.75;
120 lbs. $7. LAVERN DEPEW Auburn, N. Y.

VERMONT FANCY maple products. Satis¬
fied customers for 18 years. Prices sent
on request. T. L. DOANE, Bakersfield, Vt.

VALENCIA ORANGES, seedless grapefruit;

large box oranges $4.25; grapefruit $3.75;
mixed $4; one-half box $2.25 prepaid. PAUL
W. SMITH, Fort Myers, Florida.

Miscellaneous

BEES — Northern-bred Italian or Caucasian,
3-lb. package with queen $3.25; 2 lbs. $2.50.
Start shipping May 5th. HARRY CONNER,
Stockton, N. J.

- — - •*- -

FOR SALE, International two-bottom plow,
Farmall 7 ft. mower, Farmall cultivator.
Very reasonable prices. BOX 3, Basking
Ridge, N. J.

WANTED — Surge milking machine. JENSENS
DAIRY, Penn Yan, N. Y.

FOR SALE, iron stand power grinder with
2 1 2x16 inch emery wheel. Power belt
pump, horizontal, iy4 inch suction. Screw
cutting Barnes lathe, most all tools, 6 inch
swing, 48 inch length. Two sets Stage har¬
ness for plow team, used one season, bought
new. Apply to HARRY C. HOLLOWAY,
Aberdeen, Maryland.

FOR SALE, Friend sprayer, undercut
carriage, power pump, 250 gallon tank;
good condition. HAVEN HILL ORCHARDS,
East Clarendon, Vt.

SEVEN FOOT disc, plow, corn planter.
Planet Jr. Pinat horse cultivator, 1,500
watt Western Electric plant, Goulds 27
gallon minute pump; reasonable. WM.
REINHARDT, Port Jervis, N. Y.

WITTE TREE saw, almost new, with pulley
for belt; $65. CARL KALLENBACH,
Sykesville, Md.

SEVEN COLONIES bees at the farm in
your hive. ROLAND FOX, Fonda, N. Y.

TWO RUGS for $5.25, new material; quilts
two for $5.25; embroidered pillow cases, lace
edge, $1 pair; four aprons with four gifts $1.
MRS. ALBERT DOWNING, Topsham, Vt.

WANTED — Old books on poultry breeding.
ROBERT DUNLOP, Newark, N. Y.

318

<Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 3, 1941

Danger of Infection

Among Baby Chicks

Success in raising baby chicks largely
depends upon proper care and manage¬
ment. Readers are warned to exercise
every sanitary precaution and beware of
infection in the drinking water. Baby
chicks must have a generous supply of
pure water. Drinking vessels harbor
germs. Drinking water often becomes in¬
fected with disease germs and may spread
disease through your entire flock and
cause the loss of half or two-thirds your
hatch before you are aware. Don’t wait
until you lose half your chicks. Use
preventive methods. Give Walko Tablets
in all drinking water from the time
chicks are out of the shell and you won’t
lose one where you have lost dozens.

Remarkable Success Raising
Baby Chicks

You Run No Risk

WALKER REMEDY COMPANY
Dept. 694, Waterloo, Iowa

VACCINATE Against

TRACHEITIS-FOWL POX

The cost is so
small that it does not
pay to risk loss of your birds
and egg income. WENE U. S.
LICENSED Vaccines are pro¬
duced by one of America s out¬
standing pathologists who pio¬
neered in discovery and develop¬
ment of Tracheitis and Fowl
Pox Vaccines at leading U. S.
universities.

U.S. LICENSED

VACCINES!

FREE!

A valuable brochure
on poultry diseases,
written by Dr. C. S.
Gibbs, B.S., Ph. D.,
D.V.M. Internation¬
ally known scientist,
veterinarian, and
practical poultry-
man. Write today.

2 to 6 MONTHS IS DANGER AGE !

This is Ideal time for vaccination against infection later.
The job is done easily, quickly. Preparing NOW safe¬
guards your Investment, egg income. No shock or
physical setback.

APT WENE Fowl Tracheitis Vaccine (Chick

I Embryo Origin) — 100 doses, $2.50; 500

Tfin AY I doses, $10.00. WENE Fowl Pox Vaccine
I U U H I . (Chick Embryo Origin) 100 doses, 75 cents;
500 doses, $3.00. Produced under U.S. Veterinary License
No. 209, issued by U.S. Dept, of Agr. FREEI BOOK
on Poultry Diseases— send postcard. Dealers wanted.

WENE POULTRY LABORATORIES

Dept.V215-E, VINELAND, N. J.

Give your pullets the Acidox Treat -
ment. Acidox is given easily, in the
drinking water, like Germozone. Be¬
cause its acid is controlled, Acidox
does not throw the birds off feed.

Greatest loss from Coccidiosis is in
the set back to the birds, and delayed
growth and development. They need
a medicine that will help them resist
the disease and reduce death losses without up¬
setting them. Give them Acidox. A 12-oz. bottle,
to treat 300 chicks for 2 weeks, $1.00. At your
Lee Dealer, or postpaid from
Ceo. H. Lee Co. 31 Lee Bldg., Omoho, Nebr.

Publisher’s D esk

I saw an advertisement of “For¬
tuny’s” of 87 Fifth Ave., New York,
in the Christian Herald and sub¬
mitted a manuscript for publication.
They praised it highly and said they
would “take an option on my next
two manuscripts and publish same at
their own expense.” I was suspicious
and inquired of the Christian Herald
and of you. Your rating of them
was not glowing and the Christian
Herald had discontinued their adver¬
tising because of complaints. How¬
ever I sent them my first manuscript
and signed a contract wholly on the
strength of publishing my next two
books at their own expense. They
were to publish the book and I paid
$75 on account. The result was not
satisfactory. When the second book
was ready they demanded a larger
sum than for the first and utterly
ignored their promise to publish my
next two at their own expense. They
claim they did not take up the'
option, but I signed the contract on
that basis. I have been defrauded
through the U. S. mails and I pre¬
sume lots of other people have also.

Connecticut p. w.

We had numerous inquiries and
many complaints similar to the above
and have been expecting the de¬
nouement that is now reported
in the daily press. The publisher
and president of Fortuny Publishers,
Inc. is Carlo M. Flumiani and he
has just been indicted on 14 counts
of mail fraud. It was contended
that books were to be printed at
cost. Advertisements appeared in
papers all over the country and the
promise was to publish a book for
$500 and the publishing firm would
pay all the remaining costs and
would take any losses if the book
failed to sell. It is alleged that at
least 500 persons paid $500 or more
to have their books printed and the
amount in total is said to be about
$250,000 that this so-called publisher
collected. High school graduates at
low salaries did the “expert” editing.
The flattery was Fortuny’s stock in
trade and the aim was to extract
as much money as possible. One
party was asked to pay $1,300 and
when he was unable to do so they
enclosed another contract which
called for a $40 payment. This is
an old trick. Some of his literature
promised to show how to make a
million dollars in songwriting.
Flumiani is being held on $7,000
bail.

A gentleman called saying he was
from Dun and Bradstreet and
wanted my rating. I cooperated with
him and gave the necessary infor¬
mation but I would like to know
why and by whom he was sent.

New York R. p.

This is an ordinary business pro¬
cedure and it is being done every
day. It is right and proper to furnish
the information, and it is not a reflec¬
tion on anyone’s credit or financial
standing. If a person wants credit
it is wise to have an established
rating and if he is going to extend
credit it is wise and proper to in¬
quire into the responsibility and
reputation of the party before mak¬
ing commitments. We commend our
reader for cooperating and we ad¬
vise definitely looking into the re¬
sponsibility of any person with
whom you intend doing business and
before signing any contracts.

I sent L. Weisler, 250 West 39th
St , New York City four cases of
eggs valued at $23,10 and he hasn’t
paid for them yet. The first ship¬
ment of two cases he paid at once;
so of course I thought he was O.K.
He promised to pay but did not and
had the nerve to write asking for
more eggs and offered two cents
higher than market price, but I didn’t
send any more. J. w.

New York

This debtor refuses to pay. He
ignored a summons served on him
and a lawyer could not make the
collection. As so often is the custom
with delinquent debtors, he makes
complaint as to the size of the eggs
and still asks for further shipments.
The record speaks for itself and the
only consolation is that the debt is
not larger. So much hard work goes
into the production of eggs any
loss eats into the profits. Insisting
on references is a wise precaution.

The Interstate Home Study Bureau,
901 Broad Street, Division AC-7,
Newark, N. J. claims they are will¬
ing to give any course with the
understanding that you are to pay
for the course only after you are
appointed and working, and if I
should take the course and fail the
examination, or not be appointed for
any reason whatsoever, the loss will
be theirs and I will not be obligated
to them. I would appreciate it very
much if you would write me and
let know if this company is on the
level. a. r.

New Jersey

We understand that this company
advertises that their study courses
of coaching will result in passing
examinations for government po¬
sitions and particulars are given as
to how to prepare for a government
job. The cost is $3 in advance and
the lessons sent are mimeographed
sheets which evidently are sent to
all applicants. The tuition fee is $30
but this is not to be paid until stu¬
dents are appointed and working for
the government. With a minimum of
government jobs available we main¬
tain that a neat profit can be made
on the $3 fee without consideration
of employment and payment of the
regular tuition.

I sent $2.50 to C. Betscher, 447
East 3rd St., Dover, Ohio for one
lily named “Beacon.” An acknowledg¬
ment of my order has never been
received nor have any replies been
made to my letters requesting the
merchandise. As I am a subscriber
to your paper will you please en¬
deavor to have this person refund
the $2.50. w. A. v.

Connecticut

A letter from Mr. Betscher, dated
July 17, 1940 and received by our
reader about October 28, 1940 claimed
the “season was against him” but if
the order had not been filled to ad¬
vise. Betscher, however, failed to
reply to further requests for the
goods or a refund of the money and
is, therefor, entitled to a severe dose
of letting alone.

The City School of Music returned
my five dollars and said there was
a .misunderstanding somewhere. I
want to take this opportunity to
thank you for all the trouble you
have taken to help me. It makes one
feel secure to know one has a place
to turn to with the problem large or
small and The Rural New-Yorker
is the place. mrs. e. s.

New Jersey

A representative of this school in¬
duced our reader to pay. a $5 deposit
on violin lessons for her nephew.
The lessons were put off from time
to time. A new studio was to be
opened and the representative prom¬
ised to send the address later as
soon as new classes started. No
further information was received.
Our letters were ignored but the
money was finally returned. The
amount was not large but there was
no justice in withholding it when no
service was given. An agent must
have authentic credentials and it is
your privilege to examine and check
them.

The Federal Trade Commission ac¬
cepted from Raymond McDonald and
Roy McDonald, trading as McDonald’s
Hatchery, 2830 Evans Ave., Fort
Worth, Texas, a stipulation in which
they agree to cease advertising that
the flocks of baby chicks which they
sell are inspected by the United
States Department of Agriculture,
and are inspected or mated by a
disinterested judge of the American
Poultry Association. The stipulation
recites that the United States De¬
partment of Agriculture has not
actually inspected the respondents’
flocks of chicks although such inspec¬
tions have been made by an official
State agency recognized by the De¬
partment of Agriculture as co¬
operating with the National Poultry
Plan. According to the stipulation,
the A. P. A. judge who mates the
flocks is Roy McDonald, of the re¬
spondent co-partnership, and there¬
fore not a disinterested party.

HERBSTER O,

WES3M

liH

H III "’ll. Leghorns & Bar. Rocks . $6.50-100

IS ISwh. Leg. Pits. $13-100 Ckls . 3.00-100

Wh. Rocks, N. H. & R. I. Reds . 7.00-100

S. L. Wy., Bl. & YVh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas 8.00-100

Red-Rock Cross _ $7-100: Heavy Mixed.... 5.95-100

All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Hatches ,Mon.
and Thur. Postage Paid. Cash or C.O.D. 100%' live
delivery. Order from ad. or write for catalog.
HERBSTER’S HATCHERY. Box R, MeCLURE, PA.

ELLERVILLE CHICKS

_ _ i Large Type S.C.W. Leg.$6.00 $30.00 $60

White & Barred Plymouth Rocks .... 6.00 30.00 60

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 32.50 65

Quality Heavy Mixed . 5.50 27.50 55

Large type Sex Leg. Pits. (95% guar. ) 12.00 .

Leg. C&ckerels $1.00. 32 Years Hatching experience.

W. A. LAUVER, Prop.. Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

CHICKS

Hanson &. Pa. R.O.P.
Foundation Leghorns,
250 to 300 egg record
matings, BWD Tested.
Unsexed Pits. Ckls.
Pullets Guar. 95% 100 100 100

ENGLISH LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00. $1.50

N. H. or R. I. REDSr . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . . . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . > . 6.00 8.00 5.00

Cat. of Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write.
Shadel Poultry Farm, Rt. 5, McAlisterville. Pa.

SHMAY VW,\WX

stun mi m i'»» a

100% live Arrival postpaid.

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% liva del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$6.00 $12.00 $1.50
Bar. & W. Box. R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 5.00

H. Mixed $5.50; Leg. Mixed $5-100. CATALOG FREi.
Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

Stuck’s Quality Chicks

100% live delivery. 100-Str. 100-Plts. 100-Ckls.

Large Type W. Leg . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

N. H. Bed Special . 9.00 13.00 7.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks . 7.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 6.00

STUCK’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY.

H. N. Stuck, Prop.. Box R. % McAlisterville. Pa.

-*y OFWUTr-MHORCM

b loo mm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Bocks, B.I. Reds . 6,50 8.50 5.00

Mixed $5; H. Mixed $5.50-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R. MCALISTERVILLE, PA.

SPADE’S QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Monday & Thursday Non-Sex. Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% Guaranteed 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. W. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 10.00 6.50

All Free Range B. W. D. Bloodtested Breeders. 100%
live delivery Post Paid. Order from ad or write
for FREE Catalog. J. S. SPADE POULTRY FARM.
Box R. McAlisterville. Penna.

TO^^RffNCHICKS

lauu. ±j aifec ncna iudtcu nun rv.u.Jr. DiaiCS.

Every Breeder Bloodtested, Prices Straight Run $6.50-
100; 95% Pullets $13-100; Cockerels $2-100.

Cir. Free. North Side Poultry Farm, BoxR, Richfield, Pa.

hollywoSd White Leghorns

R.O.P. Sired Chiek3 at Low Prices. Write for
Free Catalog describing our Bloodtested Breeders.
Heavy producers of large white eggs. Chicks
as low as $6.50-100: Pullets $13-100; Cockerels
$2-100. Also 4 week Old Pullets $25-100.
C. M. SHELLENBERGER, Box 34, Richfield. Pa.

F McLoughlin Leghorn Chicks

Progeny-test bred. 7-time New York
R.O.P. champions with average produc¬
tion records of 257, 253, 256. 258, 266.
261 and 262 egvs. U. S. Pullorum
Clean. Free catalogue.

McLoughlin Leghorn Farm, Chatham Center, N. Y.

MOTTLED ANCONA CHICKS

DR. ROMlG’S, %,iiSM CHICKS

Bar. or Wh. Bocks, Wh. Leghorns $7; New Hamp. $7.50:
Red-Rock Cross $8; W. Giants $9; Lt. Brahmas $9.50;
H. M. $6: W. Leg. Pits. $13; W. L. Ckls. $1.50. 100%
live arrival Post Paid. Circular. DR. F. C. ROMIG,
Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania

Progeny Tested Leghorns

Trapnested. pedigreed, pullorum clean. ALL OLD HEN
BREEDERS. Day old chicks, day old pullets. 4 Weeks
pullets. Lowest prices in 25 years. Free catalog.

WILLOW BROOK POULTRY FARM
Allen H. Bulkley & Son, • Odessa, New York

CHICKS FROM BLOOD TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires. Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish. Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults. Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

HAMPTON’S BLACK LEGHORN CHICKS

Live, Lay, Pay, Healthy. Hardy. Heavy Layers of Large
White Eggs. Free of disease and cannibalism. Circular

free. A. E. HAMPTON, Box R, PITTSTOWN, N. J.

WMCK rmm THOUSANDS WEEKLY. Nine
Tv nLvIY LlllolU leading Breeds, every bird selected
and Blood Tested. R. O. P. males. Quality Chicks
reasonably priced, described in our FREE CATALOG.
L. R. Walck Hatcheries, Box R. Greencastle. Penna.

STARTED r.iiGHouN PULLETS

Large Eng. & Hollywood, 2 to 8 wks. old. Special
prices on orders 2 to 3 wks. in advance. Write;

Pellman’s Poultry Farm, Box R. Richfield, Penna.

rmrVQ New Hampshires. Barred Rocks, White
Leghorns, $5.75-100. C.O.D. shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

FOR SALE. Madison County farms on a
milk contract; 23 acres, good buildings;
225 acres, running water, electricity; 179
acres on good road. L. L. WALKER, Sheds,
New York.

WELL KNOWN poultry farm and hatchery
for sale, near New York. Established
chick trade; excellent opportunity. ADVER¬
TISER 1413, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, .two 100-acre adjoining farms.

SHEPARD, New Albany, Bradford County,
Pennsylvania.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

34 ACRE village poultry and crop farm,
12-room, 2-family house, rent from one
apartment should take care of overhead.
Large barn could be converted into poultry
enterprise. Three good building lots, road¬
side store. Most products sold at the stand.
Outside work available in several nearby
manufacturing communities. $5,500; terms.
Write for illustrated detailed description.
FEDERAL LAND BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE, farm 100 acres, plenty spring
water, 12-room house, improvements.
SARAH ADEE, New Kingston, N. Y.

WANTED — Fruit-poultry farm, near New
York City. Reason "ble. PAUL GOEBEL,
78-55 80th St., Glendale, L. I.

FOR SALE, poultry farm, 35 acres, 50,000
ft. saw timber, 7-room house. School bus
and mail at door. Particulars. D. E. BOLEN,
Snowhill, Maryland.

TO RENT, apartment five or three rooms,
conveniences; nice for retired couple.
MRS. LYDA FOWLER, Marlboro, N. Y.

18 ACRES, 200 grapevines, one acre of
strawberries, 1,200 asparagus plants, 800
laying hens, two houses; one with all im¬
provements. Reasonable price. ADVERTISER
1653, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 102 acre good dairy farm or
Summer home. Eight room house, im¬
provements, basement barn, not equipped.
$3,000. Inquire Lake Como P. O. MRS.
MINNIE GREENWOOD, Lake Como, Penna.

FOR SALE, Ohio orchard; 50 acres, mostly
apples,. 29 years old. 15 miles south of
Akron, 12 from Canton and 8 from Massillon;
on paved road. Good 7-room house, free
gas, 40x60 apple storage. A wonderful home
for retired man who could occupy himself
overseeing orchard. Price $12,000. Terms if
necessary. For further particulars write
O. D. CLAY, owner. Canal Fulton, Ohio.

FOR SALE, 7-room house in good condition,
electricity, lawn, garden, barn, henhouse;
on Route 20 near village. MISS KATHERINE
WHITNEY, Richfield Springs, N. Y.

COUPLE WISH to rent fully equipt farm
where they can board owner. Particulars,
stock, etc. Husband good farmer; wife
former nurse. ADVERTISER 1658, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 48 acre truck and fruit farm.

Rich soil, good 6 room house, outbuild¬
ings, machinery, fully equipped; reasonable.
RICHARD BISCHOFF, Englishtown, N. J.

GARAGE, AUTO repairs, four gasoline
pumps; also little Summer lunch room, to¬
gether or singly; on New York-Atlantic City
Highway. Rent cheap; Route 4. A FRELIN,
New Gretna, N. J.

POULTRY FARM, South Jersey; six room
house. Reasonable. ADVERTISER 1677,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, old established business, general
line; in village. Corner property with
living rooms. ADVERTISER 1678, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 100 acre dairy farm, fully
equipped stock, machinery; 10 room
house newly painted, furnace heat, base¬
ment barn for 24 cows, two silos, other
buildings. Best buy in New York State.
$5,000; half down. ADVERTISER 1680, care
Rural New-Yorker.

IN SANFORD Maine, 25 acres rich tillage,
grand view, on black road, pressure water
system, telephone, light, heat, two story 60
foot modern henhouse, young orchards,
growing pine, pasture with hardwood; one
mile to good market. Price and pictures
on request. EUGENE LITTLEFIELD,
Rochester, N. H.

WANTED FARM, commuting New York
City; 2 houses, $8,000. ARTHUR KOODIN,
1878 W. 9th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

FOR SALE, gas station, body and fender
shop, new six room house, all conveni¬
ences, with or without equipment; doing
plenty business. Sacrifice, sickness. AD¬
VERTISER 1686, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 175 acre farm, good pasture,
small woodlot, well kept, ice pond, two
icehouses, average 2,000 tons, tools and
equipment. 80 ft. cow barn, 50 tie ups, two
silos, milk room, cooling tank with motor,
milking machine; 14 room house, steam
heat, oil burner, electricity, town water,
two car garage, good roads; near four cities.
With or without stock and tools. ARTHUR
ALLEN, Amostown Road, West Springfield,
Massachusetts.

APPLE FARM, 2,400 prime trees, beautiful
Colonial home, two modern tenant houses,
storage building, 270 acres, trout brook;
$13,000. GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield,
Massachusetts.

WANTED — Small house on unused farm,
modern conveniences unnecessary; yearly
rental. About 100 miles from New York
City. Give full particulars first letter. AD¬
VERTISER 1693, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANT TO buy about one acre with small
house, convenient to transportation. Must
have water and electricity. State particulars.
ADVERTISER 1694, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 17 acres level dry land, 200 feet
state highway. 28 miles to Atlantic City.
$60 per acre. M. KLEMM, Box 39, Parker-
town, New Jersey.

$2,200; BALANCE easy terms, buys large
fertile dairy farm, complete buildings.
Improvements, river. Genuine reason makes
this bargain possible. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

STATE ROAD, 8 acres, 8 rooms, barn,
garage, large hennery, electricity. $3,400;
terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

200 ACRE level river valley farm. Alfalfa
land, large basement barn for 60 head,
silo, excellent water supply, large modern
house, other buildings, electricity, improved
road; an outstanding dairy farm. No stock
or machinery. $6,500, cash 20%. 100 acres,

good buildings, silo, eight room dwelling,
furnace, gravity spring water, electricity,
improved road, 18 outstanding dairy cattle,
team, all tools. $5,600, cash $1,500. Several
other choice dairy farms and country homes.
EVERETT KINCH, Schenevus, N. Y.

ATTENTION: 90 acres valuable timber near
Pocomoke River; also 52 acre farm. WM.
BEAUCHAMP, Berlin, Md.

BEAUTIFUL HOME with all improvements,
15 acres; mile from Catskill. $3,500; cash
$1,500. Balance mortgage ADVERTISER
1664, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOUR ACRE farm for sale, Long Island,
Highway Route 25, between Smithtown
and St. James. Good business location, four
room house, porch, cellar, chicken house,
pig pen, other buildings; $4,000. $1,000 cash,
balance easy terms. G. VERBOSKY, 665
East 179th St., Bronx, N. Y.

25 ACRES good farm land with dwelling
situated on Montauk Highway. THOMAS
WRIGHT, Bellport, L. I., N. Y.

EXCEPTIONAL OPPORTUNITY, 7 dwell¬
ings, approximately 200 acres fertile land,
netting $1,000 yearly on rentals, can be in¬
creased. Bargain for $10,000; part cash. De¬
tails, ROOM No. 505, 114 East 32nd St.,

New York City.

WANTED — Chicken-fruit farm, highway;

stock, equipment; $400 down. ADVER¬
TISER 1702, care Rural New-Yorker.

SALE, MODERN bungalow, six rooms, bath,
electricity, four car garage, one brooder
house, poultry houses, established poultry
and egg business, two acres tillable soil,
strawberries; located on New York high¬
way, New Gretna, N. J. 20 miles from
Atlantic City. JOHN S. MATHIS, Realtor.

25 ACRES, barn, nice large house; mile
from Catskill. $2,000. Cash $1,000. Balance
mortgage. ADVERTISER 1665, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, good Broome County farm 160
acres, good buildings; just off good road
20 cows, tools, $4,500; one-half cash. E. B.
RYAN, Whitney Point, N. Y.

40 ACRE village farm, good buildings, $1,700.

100 acres, good buildings, 22 Jerseys, ma¬
chinery, milk cooler, $7,500; $2,500 down.
Many others. BUNNELL, 11 West St
Oneonta, N. Y.

GOOD LOTS on good road, */* mile from

Post Road at Wappingers Falls. Near
churches, school and bus. 50x175, $275;

double lot $425. Restrictions. F. EMANS,
LaGrangeville, N. Y.

EASTERN SHORE, one acre adjoining town
limits. Buildings in perfect condition.
Modern conveniences. A. R. CASE, Denton,
Maryland.

SALE OR exchange, home in Florida;
orange trees. CASTLE, Lake Como, Fla.

FISH AND vegetable route and 33 acre
farm for sale; two chicken houses, house,
barn, garage and sand pit; near super high¬
way, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Price
$7,000. FRANCIS BAKER, Monmouth
Junction, New Jersey.

FOR SALE, Hague on Lake George, 50
acre farm on hard surfaced road; one mile
from Lake George, beautiful brook borders
farm. Priced very low. Apply E. C. BART¬
LETT, 37 Wicker St., Ticonderoga, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent small farm with option
to buy, on main road, good water, elec¬
tricity. State location and condition, must
be reasonable. Write JOHN FANDEL, 789
East 158th St., Bronx, New York City

WANTED — Unrestricted wooded plot on rail
and bus line, for week-end outings; three
adults. All particulars. ADVERTISER 1712,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE by owner, prosperous, fully
equipped 130 acre dairy farm and tourist
home, all modern conveniences. Tioga
County. ADVERTISER 1716, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 3,000 acre farnf in heart of
Virginia; 300 acres fine river bottom, 500
acres upland grazing, balance wood and
timber. Low taxes. Eight room house, large
barn, tenant house. Price, $12 acre. N. T.
SHUMATE, Charlottesville, Va.

350 ACRE state road farm, mile from
village, excellent school, 150 acres tillable,
100 level, 50 woods, stream, extensive
gravity water system, basement barn, 50
stanchions, young stock stable, costly silo,
modern milk house, new electric cooler,
10-room part stone house, fireplace, im¬
provements, extensive repairs nearly com¬
pleted, Jamesway equipped henhouse. Must
be seen to be appreciated. $12,500; one-fourth
cash, balance reasonable terms, interest
4!/2%. EARL HAY, Broker, Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE, restaurant, beer, cabins, gas
station, 52 acres land, state highway,
spring water, 10-room house, modern im¬
provements, many other things; price $7,000.
Or trade for dairy farm. ADVERTISER 1670,
care Rural New-Yorker.

A DESIRABLE chicken farm of 414 acres,
capacity 450. Seven room house with
modern improvements, garage and barn.
WM. SWAN, West Winfield, N. Y.

WANT CHEAP farm anywhere. ADVER¬
TISER 1711, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FARM, elevation, commuting dis¬
tance New York City; tinder $3,000.
WEIL, 109 W. 53rd St., New York City.

FURNISHED COUNTRY homes, five, six
rooms, all modern conveniences; house¬
keeping rooms. North of Catskills. ADVER¬
TISER 1706, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR RENT, furnished bungalow on fruit
farm; to those that want privacy. Rustic.
ADVERTISER 1733, care Rural New-Yorker.

70 ACRES, house, barn, woods, stream,
paved road, $1,200; cash $400. Splendidly
located licensed hotel, near lake, $7,000;
terms. Farms and country homes. STARK¬
WEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta, N. Y.

Help Wanted

AN UNUSUAL opportunity for a clean cut
aggressive, reliable farmer. The owner of
a farm estate in nearby Connecticut is
willing to rent farm portion of property
which includes house, barns, chicken houses
and all necessary modem equipment. House
and bams in excellent condition. Cow barn
has stanchions and automatic water buckets
for 40 head. Milk room with electric cooler,
milking machines, etc. New Farmall trac¬
tor, manure spreader, hay loader, side arm
delivery rake mower, plows and harrows,
overhead litter carrier and truck. Poultry
houses for 800 laying hens including in¬
cubators, waterers, feeders, batteries, etc.
Electricity in barns. Ready milk market
at 7 cents a quart. Here is a real oppor¬
tunity for some sincere individual to es¬
tablish himself at little or no expense. No
drifters need waste their time applying.
Write stating past experience, etc. to BOX
B-ll, 340 East 149th St., New York City.

WOMAN FOR housework, Protestant. No
cooking; pleasant country farm home.
MRS. ARTHUR SEAVER, Smithtown Branch.
Long Island, N. Y.

YOUNG MAN to do garden work and help
on farm. SEAVER FARM, Smithtown
Branch, Long Island, N. Y.

POULTRYMAN — Experienced, Protestant.

Write, stating age, height, weight, experi¬
ence, and salary expected. ADVERTISER
1493, care Rural New-Yorker.

I LilUViniNEDi X JLiXVXJT 1-jKJ X lVAILiN X , U11UCI UC"

sirable conditions, on a southern Vermont
Guernsey farm, is available to a reliable,
experienced man for general farm work and
as extra barn man; good hand-milker, trac¬
tor and truck driver required. If married,
house, light, fuel and milk provided. Car,
for which gas will be supplied, necessary
as house is two miles from farm. If single,
good board and room provided. References
required. Give full particulars in first
letter. BOX 307, Arlington, Vt.

WANTED — Active, single, sober, reliable,

experienced farm hand for small dairy. $25
monthly, room and board. ADVERTISER
1659, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, experienced milker, general

farm worker. $35 monthly with raise if
satisfactory. ADVERTISER 1668, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEMAN WITH chauffeur’s license.

assist with housework and garden for
private family. References; state age. $25
per month with room and board. ADVER¬
TISER 1669, care Rural New-Yorker.

MILKER. EXPERIENCED, ^ DeLavel.

Single; $40 and board. Married, $50 month
and house. Small family only. Do not write
Call or telephone. NIELAND FARMS. 17-A,
Warwick, N. Y. Telephone Warwick 160.!

WANTED— Single elderly man to take care

small place m country. $io monthly to
start References. ADVERTISER 1674, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two farm, boys out of school.

on farm. PAUL FUST SHEEPPEN,
Unadilla, N. Y.

WANTED — Middleaged man, experienced in
poultry management for South Jersey re¬
tail feed store. Write ADVERTISER 1580.
care Rural New-Yorker.

HELPER, YOUNG, wanted on poultry farm;

$20 month and board, year round. AD¬
VERTISER 1651, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced, married man on
dairy farm and general farm work. $70
month and permanent. ADOLF PETERSEN,
Bloomfield, Conn. Phone. Hartford 7-0567.

WAiNitu di gentleman, position handyman
care for lawns, garden, flowers, repairs,
milk few cows; country estate; homey
surroundings. Snapshot and references. AD-
VERTISER 1673, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED POULTRYMAN, willing
worker; good home. Opportunities for
right man. GEORGE WHITE, Waldwick
New Jersey.

YOUNG WOMAN, assist with housework

lovely home; Long Island. Have own room
No washing, $35 monthly. Write details
about yourself. ADVERTISER 1675. care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A middleaged couple to take
care of small roadside place. MRS. ROSE,
R. D. 1, Ithaca, N. Y.

WANTED — General houseworker, family of
five. All modern conveniences; half hour
from New York City. Write giving full in¬
formation. ADVERTISER 1656, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young Protestant woman for
cooking and housework; good salary;
lovely home. One child aged two years.
MRS. J. K. CLARK, 412 Braeburn Road,
Ho-Ho-Kus, N. J.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, sleep in doc¬

tor’s home; 4 adults in family. Write
stating age and salary. DR. F. W. ANDREWS
Mount Kisco, N. Y.

anu family for 90 acre dairy
farm with herd of 15 cows. Cottage and
electricity furnished; salary paid. ReDlv
ADVERTISER 1676, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED HANDYMAN, must also help in

kitchen. Honest and sober; $35 per month
room and board. EASTPORT HOTEL*
Long Island, N. Y.

COUPLE — Wife as cook and housekeeper,
man as orchard manager; latter must be
expert producer and experienced in market¬
ing high grade fruit. Good all year round
place for right people. Attractive salary and
yearly bonus. Write qualifications, refer¬
ences, salary and experience. DOBBS
AGENCY, 288 Main St., Danbury, Conn.

COUPLE WANTED, wife experienced in
cooking and general housework; husband
in care of grounds and general handy man.
Year-round position to satisfactory couple.
Give full information in first letter. JOHN
S. HOLLORAN, Cornwall, N. Y.

HANDYMAN WANTED for resort hotel,
knowledge carpentry, plumbing, etc.;
year round job, $35 month and maintenance
to start. Also gardener, care of lawns, etc.
$30 month. PINE HILL HOTEL, Mount
Freedom, N. J.

WANTED — Girl for housework in country.

Salary $25 month; write age. HARRY
WHITE, Peekskill, N. Y.

WANTED— Single young man to help train
Beagles. Write, BABYLON HUNT CLUB
KENNELS, Houseman Lane, West Islip, N. Y.

WANTED — Single, reliable man between 25

and 40 years, for general farm work. Good
dry milker. Give full particulars and
references in first letter. R. B. GARDINER
Storrs, Conn.

WANTED — Married man wanted on Long

Island dairy farm. House and conveni¬
ences; state experience and salary. Steady
job. BOX 308, Smithtown Branch, N. Y.

COUPLE FOR dairy farm near Albany; no

dependents; woman efficient housekeeper;
man all around farmer, drive tractor, car-
free rent, fuel, light, farm products. $65
monthly, raise if satisfactory; start work
immediately. White. Write KERMIT GOELL.
East Schodack, Rensselaer County, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN, Christian, for commercial
poultry farm in Connecticut. $35 and
board to start. Excellent future. ADVER¬
TISER 1681, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged woman to keep
house on small farm for home use. One
in family; no fancy cooking or fancy home.
No drinking or smoking. Five miles from
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ADVERTISER 1683,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl for tearoom and housework ;-
eight miles from Albany, ANNA L.
BRADT, Feura Bush, N. Y.

FARMER, SINGLE preferred, 35 to 50;

capable drive car and tractor. To work
with convalescent young man; good home.
50 miles from New York; give full particu¬
lars. ADVERTISER 1660, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — First-class horseman, single or
married; to take care of purebred Belgian
horses. Must be good driver and able to
show them. STAFFORD BROTHERS, Marl-
ton, New Jersey.

WANTED — Protestant boy, 17 or over, to
assist in kennel. Able drive car. Willing,
fond of animals and capable assume some
responsibility. Board, own room, $25 per
month. New Hampshire Summers, West¬
chester County, New York Winters. BOX
270 Bedford Hills, N. Y.

WANTED — General maid, Protestant young
woman for adult family of three. Good
plain cook, wait on table and full care of
house. Willing, neat, clean and fond of
dogs. Own room, bath; $40 per month. New
Hampshire Summers, Westchester County
New York Winters. BOX 270, Bedford Hills,
New York.

HANDYMAN, SINGLE, 45-50; sober. AD¬
VERTISER 1663, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG LADY for general housework with
reliable family; references required. $40 a
month; near New York City. Give full par¬
ticulars. MRS. GREENSTONE, 201 Fair-
mount Ave., Hackensack, N. J.

GIRL, 20 to 30 years of age for cleaning
and to help in small restaurant; $20 a
month and good home. Write full descrip¬
tion and details to J. G., 1438 East Boston
Post Road, Mamaroneck, N. Y.

$30 MONTH and board; steady, for good
single man who can do any kind farm
work, diversified farming, team, tractor,
truck. No booze. LONGENECKER, Hacketts-
town, N. J.

COUPLE — Cook, housekeeper, gardener. Give
references, salary and experience. AD¬
VERTISER 1667, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER ON one man place. Married; no
children. Handy with repairs. Must have
car and furniture. Have small greenhouse,
2 cows and poultry. Supply living quarters,
heat, light and usual privileges. Salary $75.
Give age, experience and copy of recent
references. P. O. BOX 21, Peekskill, N, Y.

MAN ON farm, must be good milker; will¬
ing to do any kind of work. $40 per
month, board. ARTHUR SCHUMANN.
Madison, Conn.

GIRL WHITE. Protestant, general house¬
work; two small children; near transpor¬
tation. $7 weekly. MRS. HERBERT
WALWYN, 79 N. Munn Ave., East Orange,
New Jersey.

WANTED — Competent general houseworker
and cook in family of two. Own room and
bath; all modern conveniences. State age and
give references. MRS. E. H. ANDERSON,
Dorset, Vt.

MARRIED MAN, general farming, good dry-
hand milker with thorough knowledge of
cows. $70 month, large house, milk, eggs,
fuel. Central New Jersey. Year round job.
Write age, experience, references. ADVER¬
TISER 1692, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, private bath
and room. Center of town. Boy 9, girl 6.
$25 month, references. H. McCANDLESS,
69 Washington Ave., Suffern, N. Y.

FARMHAND ON poultry farm. Single, re¬
liable, sober, healthy and willing. Good
home. State age and wages to start.
NATHAN, Cuddebackville, N. Y.

WANTED — Three men for vegetable farm
May 15; $40 month and board to start.
Give all information first letter. PAFFEN-
DORF BROS., North Arlington, N. J.

ELDERLY MAN wanted, 51 acre farm; good
room, board, $18 month. Work with owner
together. Permanent. AZIMAR, Route 2,
Breinigsville, Pa.

WANTED — Willing handyman for boarding
house. Write to COIN BASQUE, Haines
Falls, New York.

HOUSEKEEPER WITH driver’s license; fond
of pets and country life, for New Jersey
farm home of three adults. State wages
wanted. ADVERTISER 1699, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE, NO children, woman cook, house¬
work. Man: handyman, driving, garden¬
ing, poultry. Must like children. Four in
family, two boys, 10 and 12. Small estate.
State salary. Write MRS. H. W. ROSE,
Ridgefield Road, New Canaan, Conn.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 317.

BLIND SPOT!

# Some poultrymen see everything on a bag of start¬
ing or broiler mash except the list of ingredients.

That list is there for your protection. Study it.
Is CORN GLUTEN MEAL included in the list of in¬
gredients on the mash you buy? It should be —

Why?

Vitamin A potency for one thing. Chick require¬
ment is 1500 — 1800 units per pound of mash. Not
many ingredients supply Vitamin A. DIAMOND CORN
GLUTEN MEAL is one that does.

The pigmentation factor, for another. The ability
to put yellow skin color on broilers. Very few ingre¬
dients supply this important factor. DIAMOND CORN
GLUTEN MEAL is very strong in it. These are facts
proven by Experiment Station tests.

Make sure that CORN GLUTEN MEAL is an ingredient
of the starting or broiler mash you buy. If it isn't,
demand a mash which contains it. The good ones do.

CORN PRODUCTS SALES CO.
NEW YORK * CHICAGO

DIAMOND

- ' « fSBR -- • , * ■ .. -V JB3 .* R

CORN GLUTEN MEAL

Complete line of Poultry
Equipment at Low Fac¬
tory Prices. Our 100-page
Catalog contains valuable
information and is chock-
full of items at money¬
saving prices.

Write for your Free
copy Today.

BATTERIES

l5w$j450

BUSSEY PEN PRODUCTS CO.

5177 W. 65th St., Chicago, III.

When you zvrite advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

AV.WVAVAV.W.VA*.VV.V.Vd,JW^AV^VW/VWW,JWUVW

Farm Success Through Planning

The dairy will occupy one man’s
time and half of that of a second one
from October 20 to the first week in
May. For the remainder of the year
it will occupy half of one man’s time.
This of course presumes that milk¬
ing will be by machine.

Early potatoes should be planted in
Jefferson County as nearly as possible
to May 1. The sandy soil chosen for
the crop makes it possible to adhere
closely to this date as rainy weather
does not render the soil incapable of
cultivation. Plowing would be the
last of April. The sandy land with
rye cover crop would require very
little fitting, and with a two-row
tractor planter, the planting would
occupy about three days if small seed
were planted uncut, and would be
limited as to time if cut seed were
used only by the time taken to cut
it, which would depend on the num¬
ber of men available to cut the seed.
If cut seed were used, it would pay
to hire extra heip for a few days.
Incidentally, with a tractor work can
be rushed in the field since it can
be used double shift in case of
unfavorable weather holding back
springs’ work.

•Following planting, the potatoes
would require three to five cultiva¬
tions, two or three goings over with
a weeder and spraying at intervals
of ten days from about June 15 to
the latter part of July on early ones
and into September on late ones. This
could be done with a horse sprayer,
leaving the tractor free for two-row
cultivation of corn and potatoes.
Harvesting would start August 1 and
continue as the potatoes were sold
until all the early crop has been
disposed of, rye being sown after
each strip of potatoes is dug, with
one going over with the double disk
as preparation. The late harvest
would come the first two weeks in
October.

Corn would be planted on fall
plowed sod the latter half of May.
Any time from May 12 to June 5 is
satisfactory. It would get three to
four cultivations, one going over with
a smoothing harrow and one or two
with a weeder. The crop would be
laid by about June 20 and harvested
about September 20. Binding with a
corn harvester would taxe about four
days with a team or three with trac¬
tor, and filling two days and chang¬
ing work with neighbors another two
days of two men. There would be
pitchers hired to load the corn.

Alfalfa hay should be cut in this
county about June 20 the first time,
and one more crop about the first
of August or slightly sooner. A third
crop can be taken but weakens the
stand so it is better to confine cuttings
to two per year except the last year
before plowing. By using a truck
and team to haul, using a tractor
mower and using a cut down car
with truck transmission and rear end,
it is possible to put in ten to twelve
loads per day of good weather. The
cut down car does the raking and
hauls off the hay at the barn. On
the farm in question there are three
children who like nothing better than
to drive the truck, tractor and cut
down car, nicknamed the Doodlebug,
enabling the hay to be handled fast.

The last crop is mixed grain. This
is sown as early in the spring as the
land dries off. Since the land is fall
plowed it takes a very short time to
fit it and sow the grain, not over
three days. This usually is done in
April but sometimes due to weather
is delayed until after potato planting.
Harvest is usually the last of July
or first of August. With a combine
it takes one long day or two short
ones to get the grain, and about two
days to rake and haul in the straw.

Many farm labor activities have
not been included in the analysis.
Building fence, repairing machinery,
repairing buildings, painting, ditch¬
ing, grubbing brush, cutting fuel for
owner and hired man, hauling same
to woodsheds, pressing hay and de¬
livering same, spreading manure
(mostly spread from the stable), and
numerous other less important oper¬
ations. These are slipped in between
other jobs, there being some time
in the fall and spring when there
is a little spare time.

In general, the farm will fully oc¬
cupy the time of three men with
some extra help at haying, potato
digging and silo filling. With a

twenty— horse general purpose trac¬
tor, a cut down car, made into a
tractor, one team and a ton and a
half truck, power is not a limiting
factor on a farm of this size.

In most of New York State the
average labor income before the first
World War was around $600. More
recently it has been about $161. Labor
income is gross farm income, less
expenses, and less interest at five per
cent on the total farm investment.
It is what the operator receives for
his labor and management. In addi¬
tion to the income given, the farmer
of course enjoys his fuel, the use of
his house, usually all his milk, po¬
tatoes and a considerable part of his
other vegetables and fruit, eggs and
other farm products to a total amount
of about $600.

If we analyze the expected income
from the hypothetical Jefferson
County farm, we can see by about

what amount our planning has im¬
proved the income over the average.
280,000 lbs. milk sold @

$1.75 . $4,900.00

(Plus milk used on farm)

7,500 bu. potatoes @ .50.. 3,750.00

40 tons hay @ $10.00 . 400.00

7 cull cows @ $50 . 350.00

25 bob calves @ $5 . 125.00

Miscellaneous sales . 40.00

Soil conservation payment 215.00

Gross farm income . $9,780.00

Expenses

Labor (incl. family labor) . $1,800.00

Milk hauling . 280.00

Fertilizer . 450.00

Feed . 875.00

Seed . 333.00

Taxes . 175.00

Light and power . 115.00

Telephone . 36.00

Combining grain . 48.00

Filling silo . 32.00

Gas and oil less tax rebate. 300.00

Insurance . 33.00

Miscellaneous . 100.00

$4,577.00

Depreciation, $6,000 bldgs.. 240.00

Repairs on bldgs . 200.00

Depreciation, $3,000 equip.. 300.00

Total expenses . . $5,317.00

Net farm income . $4,463.00

Interest at 5% on $20,000

farm capital . $1,000.00

Labor income . $3,463.00

This compares with average

labor income of . $161.00

New York A. H. DeGraff

North Country News

Eight Lisbon, N. Y., boys who are
taking advanced courses in Vocation¬
al Agriculture at Lisbon High School,
earned a total labor income of
$279.08, average per boy being
$34.88. This was done over a period
of a year starting March 1, 1940 and
ending March 1, 1941. The income
came from the following projects:
dairying, $140.65; potatoes, $51.79;
swine, $50.54; miscellaneous, $36. Not
only were these projects carried on-
while the boys were enrolled as full
time high school students, the work
being done at night and during va¬
cations, but in addition the 17 boys
enrolled in the course are testing
milk and keeping dairying herd im¬
provement records on 251 cows. The
boys plan to summarize these records
during the year, and exhibit them at
the State Fair in Syracuse this Fall.

Lewis County, which is always
hoping for enough big runs to beat
St. Lawrence County producers, re-
poi't that they tapped on March 24,
the same day as we in St. Lawrence
County did. After serious setback
caused by cold weather, we can
finally say that Spring is coming to
St. Lawrence County and with it is
the cry “sap’s runnin.” E. r.

New York

4-H Lamb Club

Definite steps have been taken to
form a 4-H lamb club in North¬
eastern Dutchess County, N. Y.,
under supervision of County 4-H
Agent H. H. Tozier. The plan is to
have at least ten farm youths in the
area take from one to three lambs
each and raise them at their homes
for the fall market.

A new 4-H girls’ unit is being
formed in the same section of the
county.

N.Y.STATZ COLL.AGRlC
L I BRA RY
ITHACA *1 , Y .

SFPT.£i3R 2510 U 8

\T 1 p Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.,
V Ol. v* 333 \v. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

May 17, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 1", 1936, at the Post CC AQ

Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. ^ O JuO

Photo — P. McCormick Henry, East Falls Church. Va.

A Good "Spring Stretch”

322

7h* RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

Toward More Regular
Fruit Production

By H. B. Tukey

WO operations working toward
each other from opposite ex¬
tremes illustrate the quest of
the fruit industry for better
controlled, better regulated
fruit production. The one is
renewed interest in “hand pollination” in
order to “stick” blossoms where they are
wanted; the other is destruction of blossoms
to remove those from where they are not
desired.

On the face of it, it seems absurd to include
two such contrary notions in the same breath,
but on second thought it is not, because they
are both aimed at smoothing production and
maintaining it even. That is, overloaded trees
result in thinning expense, in biennial pro¬
duction and low prices; and contrarily, light
trees mean high cost of production and low
net return.

All of this goes back to the now fully
understood fact that the common northern
orchard fruits fail to set fruit unless pro¬
cesses are accomplished which cause the
formation of seed within those fruits. To be
sure, the Thompson Seedless grape and the
Washington Navel orange will set fruit
parthenocarpically, but they only prove the
general rule that other fruits are different and
require seed formation. To accomplish this,
the orchardist has learned that the yellow
pollen grains of opened flowers must be trans¬
ferred to the receptive fruit-producing portion
of open blossoms in a process called “pollin¬
ation,” effected by bees and other insects in
such insect-pollinated plants as the common
fruits, and by the wind in the case of wind-
pollinated plants such as nut trees. Therefore,
the fruit grower provides for bees in the
orchard and for other means of aiding the
transfer of pollen, and he hopes for fine
weather and strong active flights of bees.

Further, he finds that even though pollin¬
ation is accomplished, fruit setting does not
take place unless seed formation or “fertili¬
zation” is brought about by the growth of
the pollen tube down into the flower to unite
the sperm of the pollen grain with the egg
cell enclosed within what is to be the fruit.
And he finds also, that with the exception
of the sour cherry and the peach, most fruits
are not fertilized by their own pollen and do
not set fruit with it. Accordingly he provides
other varieties to furnish pollen for cross¬
pollination, and he finds it a good general
lule to play safe and provide for cross¬
pollination even when he thinks none is
needed. For, he does not forget that whereas
even the peach was supposed to be self -fruit¬
ful 20 years ago, it has since been learned
that the poor yield of the Mikado and the
J. H. Hale varieties is due in part to the poor
pollen which they produce and their subse¬
quent inability to set fruit.

Still further, just as in animals, some in¬
dividuals are more effective sires than others,
so among plants some varieties -are superior
in pollen production and in ability to cause
fruit to set, while others are either impotent

Fig. 2. Removing Blossoms by Caustic Sprays.

or are incompatible with
certain other varieties. For
example, the Delicious
apple is outstanding as a
producer of pollen — as high
as 9,000 pollen grains to
a single anther, or over
100,000 to a single blossom,
where only a single effec¬
tive pollen grain is needed
to form a single seed. Like¬
wise the Clapp Favorite
pear is a good pollenizer, Fig. 1 A full bloom often means a heavy set and biennial bearing.

and the Black Tartarian sweet cherry. On the v/ith a powder duster. Overshadowing all
other hand the R. I. Greening, the Baldwin, of this, applications of nitrogenous fertilizers
the Gravenstein, and the Tompkins King and improved vigor of trees will tend
apples are notoriously poor pollen producers, to improve the set fruit.

The Early McIntosh will not fertilize the So much for “sticking blossoms on.” What
Cortland; the Seckel and Bartlett pears do about taking them off? Here again the idea
not work well together; and the Lambert, is not new. Over 100 years ago Robert
Napoleon, and Bing sweet cherries are not Manning of Salem, Mass., spent two days in
only unfruitful each to its own pollen but removing blossoms by hand from biennially
also to that from each other. It is easy to bearing Baldwin trees, finding that he changed
see that plenty of help is needed to make these the year of bearing of those trees so that they
varieties pay their rent for orchard space. alternated with Baldwin trees not so treated.

With these facts as a basis for operation, His interest in the problem shows that the
the problem is to use them to help in the nightmare of biennial bearing and alternate
annual production of fruit crops. First of all, years of heavy cropping such as apple grow-
where orchards have been planted to a single ers have been fearing for 1941, was operative
variety or have been thinned out by tree re- a hundred years ago as well as today. It
moval to a single variety, or where orchards shows, too, why with a big crop in prospect
consist of varieties that will not cross-fertilize for 1941 (as this is written), apple growers
each other, the idea is to increase production are again playing energetically with the
through increased set of fruit. To do this, trees idea of blossom removal. A moderate crop of
cf desirable pollenizing varieties may be set, good quality is the commercial idea. Any ex¬
bouquets of desired branches in full bloom periment looking to this end is worth con-
may be placed in oil drums full of water or sidering.

tb/rfriu °!i Water here anfi 1 u6re, thr°u£hout One way, of course, to remove blossoms is

the orchard, oi moie recently hand pollmation to prune severely in the “on” year, so as

may be used. to literally cut off blossoms while they are

Though seemingly new, none of this is en- still in the dormant bud. Another way is to
tirely new. French girls in their native land reduce or delay the nitrogen application so
have in Spring ceremonial for years passed as not to encourage too heavy set. Still an-
bouquets of open apple blossoms over apple other way is to actually thin the blossoms
trees to effect cross-fertilization. Neverthe- in early Spring as one would thin the fruit
less, commercial hand pollination is relative- later in the season, or to thin the fruit imme-
ly new. In the Pacific Coast region, several diately after it is set. And finally there is
thousand acres of apples are now each year the possibility of using a destructive blossom
handled in this way. Blossoms just as they spray such as cresylic acid, tar oil, or elgetol

open fully, and are scraped over an 8-mesh during the late cluster bud stage to actually

screen to remove the anthers which contain destroy the blossoms. It is this last method
the pollen. .The collected anthers are' then which for the last dozen or more years has
spread out at room temperature, not in the been intriguing growers and experimenters
direct sunlight, to open and release the pollen, interested in this matter in all parts of
ready for use at the place and time where the country.

and when it is needed. Unfortunately, the spray idea is still un-

1S placed m sma11 Vlals and ap- certain. What will the effect be upon the

plied by means of a small brush, the rubber tree? Is there a spray that will remove only

eraser end of a pencil, or tip of the finger to a desired percentage of the blossoms and

one or two open blossoms in every fourth or leave the desired number to develop into

fifth blossom cluster — depending upon the fruit? Regardless of the answers, the question
amount of bloom and attempting to proper- and the thoughts that they indicate show the

tion the number of fruits “stuck on” a tree trend in the fruit industry to be toward an

t0 th® total number of fruits ever more scientific approach to the problem
which the tree may be expected to carry to of regular production of fruit, and with it a
maturity. Pollen may be bought for about smoothing out of crops and prices. This will
$2 an ounce by volume, and two or three take some of the headaches out of the fruit
ounces will cover an acre. A 20-year-old business and put it on the sound economic
tree is estimated hand-pollmated in one-half basis necessary to make fruit growing a

to one hour, and the cost is given at 25 cents living industry,

an hour or 30 to 35 cents a tree, a surprisingly
low cost when the work done and results pro¬
duced are considered.

The advantages of hand pollination are
obvious. Trees may be set in solid blocks,
fruits may be better distributed, the size of
the crop may be better adjusted, thinning may
be reduced. The disadvantages are the cost
of operation and the uncertainties of the
weather and of bee flight which may make
for a full set of fruit under many eastern
orchard conditions in spite of any attempt to
set only certain blossoms. Nevertheless the
idea has just enough merit, combined with
small trees, solid blocks of a variety, and at¬
tempts to keep bees out of the orchard, to
attract more than passing attention. Attempts

have even been made to dust the pollen on Fig. 3. Sticking Blossoms on by Hand Pollination,

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

323

Shall We Get Rid of the Corn Crop?

So much attention has been called to the
difficulties encountered in growing corn, that
the question of discarding it as a major crop
has received serious consideration in some
quarters. The correct answer to this question
will depend on whether the faults charged
against corn are an inherent weakness of
the crop, or largely the result of mismanage¬
ment of a crop which has high value. Corn
now occupies about two million acres in the
three states of New York, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania, and has an annual farm value
of 50 million dollars yearly. Displacing the
crop would be a major change in our present
agricultural set-up. It is the principal silage
crop, and the most widely grown feed grain.
Since these states import nearly one-half of
all grains needed for feeding farm livestock,
this is important.

A comparison of the advantages and dis¬
advantages of corn as a crop makes an in¬
teresting story. First, there is the charge that
corn is responsible for extensive soil erosion.
As it is now handled on many farms this is
true. However, it is also true that corn grown
in a suitable rotation with grass sod, permits
but limited erosion on the majority of adapted
corn soils. Planting on the contour, with con¬
tour stripping the cultivation across slopes
instead of up and down, and the proper use
of green manure crops and of farm manure,
all aid in controlling soil erosion and water
loss. Moreover, corn yields are greatly in¬
creased by these same practices. It appears
obvious that much of the damage to soil which
occurs when corn is grown on the land, is
due to faulty farm practices rather than to
corn as a crop.

A second charge against corn is that the
crop seriously depletes humus and exhausts
fertility. This is certainly true when the crop
is grown year after year on the same ground
without proper treatment. It is also true of
any other cultivated crop grown continuously
on the same land. Numerous experiments
have shown that corn grown in a rotation
with two or more years of legume hay sod
and a year of small grain, together with a
rational system of liming, manuring and
fertilization, will produce fully twice as much
grain per acre as similar land cropped to corn
yearly without rotation and adequate manure.
As a matter of fact, a cultivated crop is de¬
sirable in all rotations where it can be in¬
cluded, to provide good seed bed preparation
for the following crops, to eliminate weeds,
and to make the best use of course organic
matter, such as manure and crop residues.

When land is planted to sod crops, there is
at first a rapid accumulation of soil humus
and of undecayed roots, stems and leaves.
The rate of increase of humus slackens after
a few years, and then a balance is reached
with no further gain. An excellent way to
utilize these reserves which would otherwise
be held immobile as frozen assets, is to
periodically plow and plant the land to a culti¬
vated crop such as corn, to release these frozen
assets and produce a valuable crop. By re¬
turning the land to grass again in a year or
two, there should be no harm to the soil, and
great gain from the standpoint of
returns to the farm, as harvested
crops. In other woi*ds, corn may
serve as a means of cashing in
on the soil organic matter reserves
beyond those needed for main¬
tenance of soil fertility.

A third charge against corn is
the high cost of harvest. It is
certainly true that the labor of
corn harvest is great. Is it too
much to ask, though, when the
size of the crop is considered?

What other grain crop will pro¬
duce two to three tons of grain
each year? A 50 -bushel crop of
barley -amounts to only 1.2 tons
of grain per acre, but a 70-bushel
crop of corn (which is easily pro¬
duced) means 2 tons of grain.

Corn harvest is spread over a
longer period than any other crop,
which distributes the labor load.

It is still true that the labor cost

is high, and methods of dealing with this
limitation are badly needed. In considering
this high labor charge, however, it is well to
remember that properly cultivated corn fields
aid greatly in controlling perennial weeds.
A cropping system that does not have corn
or some similar crop, would require consider¬
able extra labor for weed control, that is not
necessary when corn is included.

A fourth charge leveled against corn is the
high cost per unit of crop produced. It is
said that other crops yield higher net returns
per acre, and that corn can be purchased
cheaper than it can be grown. Whether this
is true or false, depends on the efficiency with
which the crop is grown. Obviously, it is not
fair to compare poorly managed corn fields
with well managed fields of other crops. What
is needed is a direct comparison between well
managed fields of corn and equally well
managed fields of the competing crops. Be-

Controlling pollination of corn by covering the
ears at the critical stage is a necessary part of
the breeding program which produces superior
hybrids. Pollen gathered from selected parents
is applied by hand to ears of superior, inbred
lines to obtain hybrid vigor.

fore corn is discarded, let the farmer con¬
sider what its possibilities are under the
treatment which the crop prefers.

The table in the next column, showing
a three-year study of yields and costs
on an average of 48 corn fields yearly,
throws light on the necessity of good yields
in lowering unit costs. Each of these fields
was grown under the careful supervision of
agricultural teachers in the high schools of
New Jersey, under actual farm conditions,
over a very wide range of soil conditions and
farm practices. The yields were accurately
recorded, and detailed cost accounts were
kept, and carefully checked. The yields given
are corrected to the fully cured basis.

It is clear that corn can be grown at lower
costs than the purchase price. The average
farm value of corn in New Jersey has ranged
from 65 to 75 cents per bushel during the
last five years. This is about equal to the
cost of growing corn when yields are only
40 bushels per acre, which is the state aver¬
age. There seems to be no reason why corn

should not be grown at costs of 40 to 45 cents
per bushel, if the present information on corn
growing is actually put to work. Seventy
bushel yields should be comparatively easy
to achieve when farmers become as efficient
in growing the crop as they know how to be.

Three-Year Average of Corn Yields and
Costs, in New Jersey
(N. J. Corn Growng Contest, 1936-38,)

Yields

Per Acre

Total Cost (1)

Value (2)

Net Cost

Yield

Cured

per acre.

of Stalks

per bushel

Group

Grain

Stalks Growing and

per acre

of Grain

Harvesting

89.1

2.57

$42.09

$15.42

29.9c

68.9

2.07

$41.95

$12.42

42.1c

58.7

1.78

$41.32

$10.68

52.2c

42.7

1.43

$37.86

$ 8.58

68.6c

Average

64.8

1.96

$40.80

$11.75

44.8c

1. The

costs

include land use

at $7 per acre.

all labor at 30c per hour, actual costs of fertilizer,
40% of lime — cost the year of application, manure
at $2 to $4 per ton, and standard rates for use
of all machinery.

2. The dried stalks were valued at $6 per ton.
either for feed, bedding, or as a soil improving
material when plowed down.

Let us review the things which are known
to increase the profits in corn growing:

1. Choose land that is suited to the grow¬
ing of corn. Obviously, land that is very stony,
very sandy, or poorly drained, or that is easily
erodible because of steep slopes and the
peculiar character of the soil, should not be
cropped to corn. However, this still leaves
for corn, the great majority of the land now
being used for this crop.

2. Follow an adequate rotation. It is true
on most soils, that corn should follow a sod
crop, preferably one with a legume included,
such as alfalfa and timothy, or red clover
and timothy. A good general rule is to have
the land in sod two years out of every five,
and have at least one year of sod for every
year the land is used' for a cultivated crop
like corn. This will increase yields, maintain
soil humus, and be a vital factor in con¬
trolling erosion.

3. Use liberal amounts of lime, manure and
fertilizer. Corn thrives with plenty of plant
food, and responds strongly to high soil fer¬
tility. Most corn in this region is on a star ¬
vation diet for one or more of the fertility
elements.

4. Plant seed of adapted hybrids. There
are literally hundreds of corn hybrids. Only
a very few of these are capable of fully
utilizing the climate and soil of any particu¬
lar farm. Don’t gamble on untested hybrids.
Plant those that are known to be well suited
to your region. They will produce 10 to 20
bushels more grain per acre with no greater
expense, save that of harvest.

5. Space plants so that each stalk has room
for development. Three plants per hill is
adequate on fields with hills, and in drill rows
the plants should be spaced 14 to 18 inches
apart. Closer spacing makes the crop more
subject to blowing down in storms, and also
reduces grain yields.

6. Cultivate early to kill weeds and avoid
root pruning. The easiest time to kill weeds
is when they are very small. Cultivate deep
and fairly close to the plants when corn is
small, and shallower and farther from the
plants as they become larger. The principal
reason for cultivation is to control weeds, and

three cultivations should be suffi¬
cient. Remember that “the lucky
farmer is the one who gets his
wrork done on time.”

7. Avoid unnecessary hand
labor. Not only is hand labor ex¬
pensive, but it is increasingly
difficult to obtain. The greatest
need for improvement is in har¬
vesting. The use of a corn binder
should reduce labor of putting-
corn in the shock, if you have
planted a strain that will still be
erect at maturity. Some may doubt
wffiether corn can actually be
grown at 40 cents per bushel. The
answer to this is that it actually
has been done under practical
farm conditions, not once but many
times. Why not give it a try on
your own farm, and see if this
important feed grain has been
neglected in the past?

Howard B. Sprague

Superior hybrids are not only more productive; they also stand up better
in storms. On the left: a lodge, resistant high yielding hybrid. On the
right: a hybrid of fair yielding ability that lodges badly in storms.

324

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

TOMATOES

a week earlier!
double the crop

with

Dig. U. S. Pol. Off.

One grower tripled his tomato
crop with TRANSPLANTONE
and started picking three
weeks earlier. TRANS¬
PLANTONE keeps plants
growing after they have
been set in the soil.

CHANGE THIS

and eliminates the
usual setback after
planting. It can

also give you an
earlier crop with
vegetables, ornamental
and flowering plants.

It reduces wilt
and produces faster

growth. Safe, eco¬
nomical and easy

to use.

THIS

3 oz. can $1.00

Makes 300 to 3000 gallons — depend¬
ing on use.

Buy from Your Local Dealer or Write to

AMERICAN CHEMICAL PAINT COMPANY

Horticultural Division 33, Ambler, Pa.

HAY UNLOADING
TOOLS

MYERS equipment an - -

avoid interruptions during the haying rush.
Unloaders for steel, wood or cable tracks ;
Slings in rope or chain ; Harpoon Forks,
Grapple Forks, Derrick Forks; Pulleys;
Tracks, Hooks and Fixtures. Carried by
good dealers everywhere. The famous
MYERS trademark guarantees quality.

Catalog free. Write

for it TODAY.

THE F. E. MYERS
& BRO. CO.

858 Orange St.

1 HT 1 Ashland, Ohio

Pumps Water Systems

»»n mi*«i~ TnmiT '’inftiu mi imm|

VEGETABLE

PLANTS

CABBAGE PLANTS: grown from YELLOWS RE¬
SISTANT SEED. Grows good crops where others fail
Golden Acre, Marion Market, Allhead Select, Wis.
Allseason, Globe and Wis. Ballhead.

TOMATO: John Baer, Stokesdale, Scarlett Topper,
Marglobe, Rutgers and Stone.

We Pay Transportation or Express

100

500

1000

5000

Cabbage .

.$0.50

$1.40

$1.90

$7.50

Tomato .

. .50

1.40

1.90

7.50

Pepper .

. .60

2.00

3.50

16.25

Sweet Potato .

. .60

2.00

3.50

15.00

Broccoli, Lettuce & Beets .50

1.50

2.40

10.00

Egg Plant, transplanted .

. 1.50

5.00

9.00

42.50

Pepper, transplanted

. 1.50

5.00

9.00

42.50

Combination orders of different

plants

with 100 each

must be charged at the
for less than 100 rate.

100 rate. Request

Catalog

C. E. FIELD PLANT FARM

SEWELL, NEW JERSEY, Location Barnsboro

STANDARD SMALL^FARM TRACTORS &

Plow Powerf ul Gas Tractors f or Small F arms ,

S©ed % Gardeners, Florists, Nurseries,

CultlVdte\ Fruit Growers, Poultrymen.

MowHav \ 1 & 2 Cylinders

and I.awnsV High Wheels, Rubber or
Lawns v St<felTires WaIk orRide.

Do Belt Work — Free Catalog,

STANDARD ENGINE CO.

Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa.
3260 Como Ave. 601-6, West 26 St. 2408 Market St.

KEEP DOGS AWAY If

from shrubs, flowers, evergreens fv

Use Liquid CHAPERONE IU

Wonderful new dog repellent, won’t
dissolve in rain. Lasts 2 to 3 weeks. -

prevents dog damage. Harmless to
plants. Send $1 for large 12 oz. size. .

Money back guarantee. Sudbury Lab- *“ /

oratory, Box 390 So. Sudbury, Mass,

TOMATO PLANTS—

CABBAGE PLANTS

ALL NOW BEADY

Pahhaiip' Copenhagen, Allseasons, Marion Maiket,
(Yellows' Resistant) , Flatdutch Banish Ballhead,
and Enkhuizen. Tomato: Marglobe. Master Mar-
globe, Rutgers, Stokesdale, John Baer, Bonny Best,
Stone and Baltimore. Onion: Sweet Spanish Crystal
Wax and Bermuda. Prices on Tomato, Cabbage
and*’ Onion plants $1.00-1000; $4 00-5000; $7.50-
10,000. Sweet and Hot Pepper plants, also Egg¬
plants all $2.50-1000; $20.00:10,000. Sweetpotato
plants: Nancy Halls, Porto Rico, Big Stem (yel¬
low), Jerseys $2.00-1000. We use CERTIFIED
(treated) seeds and grow our plants in rows and
cultivate them, which makes a more stocky and
better rooted plant. The difference you pay for
quality plants will be more than regained by in¬
creased crop production. Special service and terms
to dealers and truck load buyers. Shipping capacity
over 500 thousand daily. Oldest and largest growers
in Virginia. Write or wire for wholesale list.
Our 30 years experience is at your service.

J. P. COUNCILL CO., FRANKLIN, VA.

Delmarva

The hot spell which struck the
East in April was somewhat balanced
by surrounding waters on Delmarva.
Temperatures were suddenly high
but I did not see a reliable ther¬
mometer register much above 80 de¬
grees. Growth was incredibly rapid;
one shrub in my garden grew four
feet during 10 very hot days. By the
end of the month Peonies were from
one to two feet high. Lilacs and
Wistaria were in full bloom and fad¬
ing before May 1. Phloxes made
brilliant patches of white and pink
in garden borders and primroses
rendered to April the due of May.

Above the ground development
was as forced. Peach trees were
newly pink for Easter Sunday. By
Tuesday they were green and blos¬
soms fallen. Pear trees usually de¬
light us for several days with fra¬
grance and dainty beauty. This year
they blossomed and leafed the same
day. No sooner were they green
than apples showed pink and white
finery. Cherries were white hardly
over night. Within two weeks fruit
trees from peaches to apples blos¬
somed and dropped their petals.

On the whole, fruit blossom was
rather sparse. Ample to allow a full
set of fruit however. Strawberries
were in full blossom with some
berries forming before May 1. Beds
are in excellent condition. They
promise a full crop of very early,
high quality fruit. At present all
are well supplied with moisture.

Broccoli harvest came to a sudden
stop with the hot spell. The yellow
fields have now been plowed. Most
are being set to tomatoes though
growers of the love apple are not
as enthusiastic about their crop as
heretofore.

Except in northern counties, rye
and wheat headed in April. The
heat undoubtedly did both these
crops a considerable amount of
harm. If present moderate tempera¬
tures persist for some time, ^partial
recovery may be expected. At best
however, grain yields may be looked
for which will be disproportionately
low compared with straw. Heads,
forced out too soon, are short.

Potatoes in southern counties made
big tops during April. They look fine
and vigorous. English peas in middle
counties greeted May with tips 8 to
10 inches above the ground. Cucum¬
bers, cantaloupes and watermelons
were showing on the first. Some
super optimists even had sugar corn
coming and many lima beans had
been planted. Stringbeans always
are rushed in early where they are
grown for market. This year none
of that seed rotted.

All of which is a pretty picture if
only fear of frost could be exorcised.
Every day lessens the danger. Should
frost strike, my next report must
be a doleful one. This growth _ is
extremely tender. Cell walls are
delicate and plant juices thin. These
weak solutions will freeze almost as
readily as pure water. The least ice
pressure would rupture the delicate
cell walls. If this does come this
fairy land will suffer as sudden a
change as midnight brought Cinder¬
ella. As insurance against such
calamity some growers are still
planting tender things even among
full stands. c.

Mass. Apple Festival

The 1941 Queen of the Nashoba
Apple Blossom Festival, will be
selected at the coronation ceremonies
to be held in Westford, Mass.,
Sunday, May 18. She will be chosen
in an open contest from a group of
40 local apple blossom queens repre¬
senting the 40 towns in the Nashoba
Apple District.

The Nashoba Apple Blossom Festi¬
val has grown rapidly in importance
since its inception in 1935. Festival
ceremonies annually attract upwards
of 300,000 visitors to this colorful
apple growing region, the largest
fruit producing area in New England.

Headquarters of this year’s Festi¬
val have been established in West-
ford. Heading the Committee on
Arrangements is Frederick H.
Middleton of Hudson. Other officers
are : vice - chairman, William E.
Wright of Westford; secretary, Elbert
L. Agnew, Concord; treasurer, Frank
P. Abbot of Harvard. William D.
Marsters, New England representa¬
tive of the New York and New
England Apple Institute, is acting as
co-ordinator of activities and is in
charge of the Westford office.

Hot Weather Reminders

No one knows exactly how much
hot weather costs the poultrymen
and farmers of the country. Each
season I see many flocks of growing
pullets that need shade. These are
always flocks where the water pail
is dry, and many places just don’t
pretend to bother with green food.

Years ago, in the poultry section
of southern New Hampshire an
elderly farmer who had made a good
living for years from poultry, plus
a garden, cow or two, and pig, said
to me, “It’s during the hot dry
weather of Summer that you either
make or mar the pullets for next
year’s laying.”

These three points can be checked
by all without any expense: shade,
water, and green food. Keep the
future layers growing constantly,
keep them comfortable. And green
food, shade, and water will help grow
money makers for next year.

h. s. P.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MAY 17, 1941
FARM TOPICS

On Farm Accidents . 326

Marketing Farm Produce . 327

Farm Labor in the Draft . 329

Agriculture and National Defense . 329

Notes from a Hillside Farm . 338

Countryman’s Journal . 338

In Tune With the Times . 344

HORTICULTURE

Toward More Regular Fruit Production 322
Shall We Get Rid of the Corn Crop ... 323

Beekeeping Helps . 325

The Popular Soybean . 325

Ruralisms . 327

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

March Milk Prices . 328

Two of the Big-3 Indicted . 329

We Ride Again . 330

Assemblyman Flynn Seeks Milk Investi¬
gation . 333

The Wool Labeling Act . 337

Starting Sheep Flock . 337

Ringbone Treatment . 337

Milk and Dairy News . 341

WOMAN AND HOME

Porch Furniture . 334

Molasses for Iron . 334

Successful Strawberry Canning . 334

Preservative Value of Pineapple . 334

Women’s Exchange . 335

Paper Bags Galore . 335

THE HENYARD

Prof. T. B. Charles . 329

Pasture for Hens . 329

Chicken Cannibals . 336

Pick Future Breeders Now . 339

Poultry Partnership . 340

Crooked Breast Bones . 340

Early Laying . 340

Oviduct Trouble . 340

MISCELLANEOUS

Our Great Democracy . . 328

Automobile Fires . 332

Hammondsport School Program . 338

Markets . 340

A Win for New York Dairy Farmers

The dairy farmer can now sell 100 quarts of his own milk each
day to consumers on the farm premises, without having to take out
any State license. Previously, he had been denied that right.

On May 1, 1941, Governor Lehman signed the Graves-Whitney
Bill which Legalizes these direct producer-to-consumer milk sales.

Who was Against this Farm Bill ?

All the milk dealers, large and small, and their stooges — the
Dairymen’s League management, the Metropolitan Milk Producers’
Bargaining Agency, and the State Farm Conference Board, actively
lobbied against the bill and went publicly on record in opposition.

Who was For this Farm Bill ?

Every dairy farmer — and — THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
which was the only farm paper in the territory that worked and
fought for the passage of this hill.

HI H IITI* ALL leading

r LAN Id VARIETIES

100 600 1000
postage postage postage 1000
prepaid prepaid prepaid F.O.B.

Tomato . $0.60 $1.50 $2.00 $1.25

Cabbage . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Pepper . 60 2.00 3.50 2.50

Cauliflower . 1.00 4.00 6.00 5.50

Sweet Potato . 55 2.00 3.50 3.00

Egg Plant . 75 3.00 5.00 4.00

Brussell Sprout .. .55 1.50 2.50 1.75

Broccoli . 60 2.00 3.00 1.50

Collard . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Lettuce . 50 1.35 2.00 1.50

Beet . 50 1.50 2.50 1.50

Celery —

Ready June 20th .55 2.00 3.50 3.00

Flowering Plants “it

Calendula, Cosmos, Celosia, Snapdragon,
Gallardia, Alyssum, Chrysanthemum,
Larkspur, Calliopsis, Petunia, Phlox,
Balsam, Strawflower, Centaurea, Blue
Lace Flower, Verbena, Scabiosa, Amaran-
thus, Alyssum, Stocks, Snow-on-Mt.,
iy2c each postage prepaid.

Plants grown from selected seed stock; all
plants carefully packed in Live Moss.
We guarantee good delivery.

A complete line of high grade
dcGQS seeds. Before ordering seeds
we suggest sending for our catalogue.
Send for Free Catalog of Seeds and Plants

0R0L LEDDEN & SONS, SEWELL, N. J.

LARGEST GROWERS AND SHIPPERS OF
VEGETABLE PLANTS IN NEW JERSEY

FREE PLANT CATALOG

TOWNSEND’S

STR^|&

LW. TOWNSEND SONS'*’

40 Vine Street, Salisbury, Maryland

Certified Raspberries

Fifteen varieties. Blueberries, Blackberries, Straw¬
berries, Grapes, Asparagus, Fruit Trees, Shrubs etc.
Guaranteed. Prices low. Catalog free.

BAKER’S NURSERY, H00S1CK FALLS, NEW YORK

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Certified, true to name, FRESH D1JG from new
plantings, prompt shipment. Premier, Dorset! Fair¬
fax, Catskill, Pathfinder. Dresden, Dunlap, Aberdeen,

1 00-80C ; 300-$ 1 .90 ; 500-$2.50; 1 000-$5. Can fill

large orders. Mastodon, Gem Evbr., 50-60C, 1 00-$ l,
300-$2.75; 500- $4; l000-$8. Transp. Coll. Figure each
variety separate. Eureka Plant Farm, Mapleview, N. Y.

Transplanted Strawberry

and Raspberry plants. Best for May and June plant¬
ing. All leading varieties. 58 years in business.
Catalog free. L. J. Farmer, Dept. R.N. Pulaski, N. V,

1UI K CTflTIAM Everbearing Strawberry Plants $1.00
luAiJ I UUUrl per 100; $6.00 per 1000. Plants set
out now will bear quantities of largo delicious berries
in August and September.

BASIL PERRY, Route 5, GEORGETOWN, DEL.

Fresh Dug, Certified Strawberry Plants. Premier, Dor¬
set Fairfax. Dunlop. Aberdeen, Clarmont, Pathfinder,
Catskill, Dresden: I00-80c; 300-$l.90; 500 $2.50; 1000-
$5. Trans, coll. R. Turnbull, Box 36, Maple View, N.Y.

CTDAWDI7DDV PI AfcTTC Leading Varieties, Stocky
uinAWhCiKIV I r LAN ID Plants. Prices reasonable.
Catalog free. W. E. BENNING, CLYDE, N. V.

Anchor Brand Quarts

MARVIL PACKAGE COMPANY. Laurel, Delaware

100 GLADIOLUS BULBS Postpaid

Thirty or more selected varieties, carefully blended
into a gorgeous rainbow assortment. We include all
colors, from purest white to rich purple, blue, and
maroon. Bulbs are strong blooming size, 1 inch
or more in diameter. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Mention The Rural New-Yorker for 5 PICARDY,
the wonder glad, free. Order today or send for
interesting free catalog.

F. F. & F. O. SHEPARDSON

GLADLAND GARDENS PLAINVILLE, MASS.

rulilio Rornoine 12 selected roots large flowering
lsalllla DcugdlllS varieties $2.00. 8 old time favorites
$1.00. 15 mixed in handling $1.00. 6 pompons assorted
colors $1.00. 5 cut flower singles $1.00. 5 dainty
miniatures $1.00. Send for illustrated list. C. LOUIS
ALLING, 25IR Court Street, West Haven, Conn.

DAHLIA SPECIAL — 20 postpaid $1.00. Great variety
of sizes and colors, all marked. Sunburst included,
extra. FRED MURRAY, LAKE GEORGE, N. Y.

New Spring Grown Cabbage Plants

Copenhagen Market, Golden Acre, Early Jersey and
Charleston Wakefields, Flat Dutch, Danish Ballhead
300-50c; 500-75c; l,000-$l.25 prepaid. Express collect
5,000-$3.50; 10,000-$6.50. Tomato. Certified Potato,
Onion, Cauliflower, and Pepper plants ready about May
25th. Write for our prices. Good plants, well packed.
BUSY BEE PLANT FARM, FRANKLIN, VIRGINIA

Tnmuf/t Plante Brown from Certified Seed. Mar-
1 Olualu I ldulS E]0|)e Pritchard, Rutgers, Balti¬
more $1.00-1000. California Wonder Pepper Plants
$2.00-1000 or 25c-100. Hot Pepper: Long Red Cayenne,
same price. Certified Porto Rico Potato Plants $1.00-
1000. White Bermuda Onion Plants 75C-1000. Cabbage
Plants: Copenhagen, Wisconsin, Hollander No. 8.
Flat Dutch 75C-1000.

QUITMAN PLANT CO., QUITMAN, GEORGIA

Vonofalila Plante New ground, disease free grown,
1 cgclaUlc I Mills insure profitable planting. Choice
varieties cabbage, onion, lettuce, $1.00-1000; $4.00-
5000. Marglobe, Baltimore tomato ready May 15th.
same price. Peppers, potato, celery ready May 20th.
Free prices. RELIABLE PLANT FARMS, Franklin, Va.

CERTIFIED SWEET POTATO PLANTS

Big Stem Jersey, Maryland Golden, Porto Rico. Also
Tomato and Pepper. Write for price list.

FREDERICK H. LORD - BELLE HAVEN, VA.

PI ANTS Postpaid; Aster, Ageratum, C’nation, Col-
ILnlllJ unibine, Daisy, Delphinium, Pansy, Pinks,
Pyrethrum, (Petunia, seperate and mixed colors) oz. 35c

4 oz. $1.00. List. Glick Plant Farm, Smoketown, Pa.

CERTIFIED tomato plants, Marglobe, Bonnie Best,
Baltimore, $1.25-1000; 75c-500; Peppers, $1.50-1000;
500-$ I.; Cabbage. $1-1000; 500-65C. Free catalog.

SIMS PLANT COMPANY, Pembroke, Georgia

2 000 OOO Sweet potato plants Yellow Jersey,
,UUU,VUU Big Stem, Maryland Golden $1.95
per 1000 parcel post prepaid. Cash with order.

CHARLES E. BROWN, BRIDGEVILLE, DELAWARE

SEQUOIA — "New Potato Marvel” developed by TJ. S.
Department of Agriculture. White, disease resistant,
heavy yielder. CUYLER RICH, NEWPORT, MAINE

FOB CALF Certified Seneca Soy Beans. JAMES
TVJK 9ALB s. MORSE, IEVANNA, NEW YORK

325

<Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

Beekeeping Helps

It may be estimated conservatively
that bees create wealth equivalent
to ten times the value of their surplus
honey and wax, by their activities
as pollenizers. Many fruits, vege¬
tables, and seed crops require cross¬
pollination to be productive. An un¬
seasonable drop of fruit, poor seed
production, and small crops are often
traceable directly to imperfect pol¬
lination. The use of one colony of
bees per acre during the blooming
period of fruit or vegetables require-
ing cross-pollination increases not
only the quantity but also the quality
of the seed or fruit produced. With
the increased demand for bees, much
more care and attention should be
given this line of agriculture.

Probably one-third of the total
annual loss of bees is the direct result
of carelessness on the part of the
owner in failing to provide stores at
the proper time. In the spring such
large quantities of stores are con¬
sumed in early broodrearing, that a
few days of unfavorable weather may

bring a colony to the verge of starva¬
tion. This condition exists this year
to a marked degree.

Feeding bees requires much con¬
sideration these days in certain loca¬
tions and one of the best kind of
feeders is simply the five or ten pound
friction pail with about forty per¬
forations in the lid, made with a thin
wire nail about guage No. 19. Then
after filling the pail with sugar syrup
made of two parts sugar to one part
water, thoroughly dissolved, invert
the pail of syrup on top of the brood-
frames. This will help stimulate the
queen to egg-laying and alleviate
starving.

When one considers that the surplus
storage honey-flows last but a few
weeks, it is important that the bees
have plenty of room to store it in
when the flow comes. As soon as
the first super above the broodnest
is a third to half full, and even though
little of the new honey is sealed over,
raise the super and put an empty
one beneath it. It is a good rule never
to have a full super of honey directly
above the broodnest. Providing an
empty super so close to the brood¬
nest gives the bees a chance to carry
the honey from the broodnest so the

queen can keep up her egg-laying.

Some bee men don’t like the way
bees fasten the top bars together with
burr combs. The writer once tried
a plan which was quite encouraging.
The brood-frames were prepared in
the usual way, with this difference:
The sides and top of each top bar
were painted with hot paraffin. This
method proved very satisfactory.

Bees of a cross, irritable hybrid
variety may need pretty radical
treatment, and if one has to use lots
of smoke to subdue them then the
thing to do is to kill the queen and
put in a queen of a gentler strain.
The question has been asked as to
when a person should requeen for
the coming season. I always have
better success when the broodnest
is contracting rather than when it is
expanding; in other words, near the
end of the season. There are several
reasons why fall requeening is more
desirable; the colonies are not so
large at this time, and it is much
easier to find the old queen. Then
the new queen will not have such a
long period to lay before Winter;
thereby she will be fresh for early
brood-rearing the following Spring.

To protect dry combs from wax-

moth is to space them to seven combs
per 10-frame super and file the
supers criss-cross, leaving plenty of
room between the stacks for air cir¬
culation. The point is that the wax-
moth will not work where light and
air circulate about.

Men who work alone, such as bee¬
keepers, are especially inclined to
certain bad habits, such as puttering
about and wasting time over unim¬
portant details; having a lot of un¬
finished jobs about, and doing work
in a slipshod way just to get by
for the present time. This condition
is seldom mentioned but I think that
we all, more or less, are guilty and
that it is a large factor in increasing
the cost of beekeeping.

Why not also help that neighbor
inspect his few colonies, thus increas¬
ing the protection to ourselves as
well as helping the other fellow? I
mention burning, which I consider
the only true and dependable system
of perfect eradication, and the cheap¬
est in the long run. We are fortunate
in having good, sincere and com¬
petent inspectors in the work, who
are doing their best to help us. Why
not help them to eradicate A. F. B.?

Massachusetts John Van de Poele

The Popular Soybean

Soybeans are growing in popu¬
larity as a New Jersey crop, but not
for use as human food. It is grown
mainly to be blended with other
feeds for animals. Except when
grown as vegetables, soybeans will
probably never be gown as a staple
crop for sale to processing plants.
Most of our cash crops, such as
wheat, potatoes, and cabbage are
human foods, and soybeans are only
incidentally in this class.

The value of human food crops to
the acre is generally high, and near¬
ness to market prevents effective
competition from other areas. This
is not true of soybeans which cost
more to the bushel to raise here
than in the Corn Belt. This does not
mean that soybeans should not be
grown as a grain crop. It means they
have little promise as a crop to be
grown for sale. They do have high
possibilities as a feed crop, much as
do oats, barley, or feed wheat.

Dairymen who grow feed grains
may well consider the growing of
soybeans. They may use the har¬
vested grain as a protein supplement
with oats, barley or corn; and there¬
by make their farms supply more
fully the balanced ration needed
by the cows.

Aside from its value as a feed for
livestock, the soybean furnishes a
valuable oil which is largely used as
an ingredient of many kinds of
commercial paints and in Europe
some of the industrial plants are
making large use of soybean oil in
the manufacture of explosives.

J. w. w.

Rural Mail Delivery

Fifty years ago Postmaster General
John Wanamakei*, in his annual re¬
port to Congress, suggested that the
people of the farms were as much
entitled to free mail delivei'y as
were the residents of the cities and
villages. The National Grange had
been discussing this need for several
years and Postmaster General Wana-
maker gave voice to this Grange
sentiment for better mail service for
the rural communities.

At the annual session of the
National Grange in 1892, National
Master J. H. Brigham again em¬
phasized this need when this great¬
est and oldest farm fraternity met
at Concord, New Hampshire. Now,
after half a century, 8,000,000 rural
families representing 29,000,000 in¬
dividuals, are enjoying the great
blessings of a daily mail delivery,
primarily due to the tenacity with
which the Grange waged its cam¬
paign through the 80’s and 90’s.

When the National Grange meets
for its Diamond celebration in No¬
vember at Worcester, Massachusetts,
one of the brightest stars in the
Grange crown of achievements will
represent Rural Mail Delivery.

L. L. Allen

NEW
1941 1

CHEVROLET TRUCKS

World’s Leading Low-Priced Trucks
by the World’s Leading Truck Builder

Chevrolet trucks
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You’re bound to be right in your
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that buyers in all parts of America have
proved to be best for sturdy, dependable,
low-cost transportation— CHEVROLET!

Year after year, wise buyers look to
the world’s leading truck builder for
the solution to their haulage problems
—year after year, they make Chevrolet
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And why? Because they know Chev¬
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others in their field. . . . Because they
know Chevrolet trucks have the most
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field. . . . Because they know Chevrolet
trucks are completely dependable for the
daily haul and over the long pull. . . .
And, above all, because they know
Chevrolet trucks will save them money
in purchase price, operation and upkeep!

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who give Chevrolet leadership in truck
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they carry this clear message to you and
to all truck buyers :

Buy the world’s leading low-priced
truck by the world’s leading truck
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OUT-PULL • • • OUT-VALUE • • • OUTSELL!

326

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

On Farm

Our first thought in considering
the dangers connected with farming
as compared with those confronting
the city dweller, might easily lead
us to believe that in his environment,
so far removed from the rush and
competition of our industrial centers,
the farmer would be less liable to
serious accident. Such a hasty con¬
clusion cannot be drawn for the
facts so far available indicate that
actually the reverse is true.

John H. Powers M. D., a practic¬
ing physician in Cooperstown, N. Y.
has made quite an exhaustive study
of this subject, and his discoveries
given in the Journal of the Ameri¬
can Medical Association certainly
give us who follow the profession
of farming something to ponder over.

Why is it that there are more
accidents per capita in rural dis¬
tricts, and also a greater proportion
with serious if not fatal results, than
in the city? In the first place, the
farmer of today is using and asso¬
ciated with a surprisingly larger
number of tools having cutting edges,
high speed shafting and belting, and
many of these are poorly protected
or guarded to prevent contact with
one’s person. By their very nature
and the uses they serve, complete
protection is well nigh impossible.
Contrast this situation with the
conditions to be found in any factory,
on our city streets, and in all trans¬
portation agencies. There we are
constantly reminded to “Watch your
step,” “Stop, look and listen,”
“Caution,” “Danger do not enter,”
“Explosives, no smoking,” etc., etc.
These warnings are all intended to
protect human life and limb, avoid
legal action and prevent loss of
property. In addition, we notice
that first aid kits and emergency
rooms often with a nurse in atten¬
dance are frequently available. In¬
structions on using care and caution
are often given to factory employees,
all intended to reduce accidents and
the resulting misfortune to a mini¬
mum. Continuing along the same
line are laws requiring that belting,
shafting and pulleys be enclosed with
wire netting or other protective ma¬
terial to prevent contact with one’s
person or clothing, also laws regu¬
lating the construction of buildings
and frequent inspections are made
to see that they are enforced.

How much of this do we see on
our farms? On the contrary, farm
machines and equipment are to a
great extent unprotected; the farmer
is often far removed from any source
of help or expert assistance, doctors
are rapidly becoming less common
in small rural communities, estab¬
lishing themselves in the larger
towns and cities. Likewise more time
is required to reach a hospital when
necessary, since there are no police
or other agencies to call for ambu¬
lance service or other immediate
aid, so important in emergencies.
Less than one-third of the victims
tabulated in this study in Central
New York received help during the
first hour following their accident,
and hardly two-thirds were cared
for inside of six hours. These de¬
lays are likely to have serious con¬
sequences, a contrast to the more
prompt aid available in our cities.

Another contributing factor to the
frequency of farm accidents is the
class of men we are often compelled
to employ in carrying on our work.
For economic reasons we often take
on inexperienced boys, and occa¬
sionally men of questionable charac¬
ter and habits, some having an un¬
quenchable thirst that is likely to
render them easy victims to highway
accidents, particularly on Saturday
nights. With this kind of help some¬
times found on our farms, it is not
surprising that carelessness and in¬
efficiency are listed in the study re¬
ferred to as being the direct cause
of a greater part of farm accidents,
80 per cent being listed under that
head.

It was further discovered in this
survey that the danger spot on the
farm is in the barn and barnyard.
One-half of the 310 accidents tabu¬
lated were in connection with doing
chores in and around the farm build¬
ings. It can readily be seen that
working with our stock, having
varied dispositons, “gentle” bulls and
horses often very suddenly develop
wicked habits. Unprotected stair¬
ways, falls from hay mows and
wagons, and many other sources of

Accidents

trouble that might be mentioned, all
contribute to the risk that constantly
faces the man on the farm. On ac¬
count of the nature of his work and
the environment surrounding it, the
possibility of infection is always
present. It is quite impossible either
to sterilize or keep surgically clean
the tools and materials we are
obliged to work with. Consequently,
some standard antiseptic should al¬
ways be conveniently at hand, with
the knowledge of how to use it in
case of even slight wounds. The
smallest break in the skin may be
followed with most serious results.
Authentic illustrations of this danger
that is always lurking around us
can be quoted: A farmer while husk¬
ing corn by hand, pricked one finger
with a sharp piece of corn stalk.
Some very virulent germ must have
been present, for blood poisoning
developed, and for some time it was
feared that his hand or arm, if not
his life would be lost. However, all
were saved but intense agony was
endured for weeks and months, and
the use of the infected finger was

permanently impaired. Another case
of a similar nature occuring in .the
same neighborhood, was that of a
farmer who scratched his hand with
a strand of rope while splicing it.
He also nearly lost his arm from
some infection that must have been
carried by the hay rope.

It was noted that the upper part
of the body was more frequently in¬
jured, with fractured bones result¬
ing more often than lacerations and
other injuries; one-third of those re¬
quiring medical care having broken
bones. There are at least four causes
for concern that apply in all acci¬
dents, wherever they may occur, but
they seem to be of particular im¬
portance to the farmer. First, the
pain and suffering the victim has to
endure; second, the care and nursing
that his case requires while recover¬
ing in his home; third, the time lost
from his work, which the farmer can
ill afford to lose. And last but not
least, is the financing of the doctor
and hospital bills, a major catas¬
trophe in most cases, often requir¬
ing months and years of time before
they can De cancelled.

It is regretably true that few
farmers feel they can carry sufficient

May 17, 1941

insurance to protect them in meet¬
ing these losses of both time and
money. His first concern is likely to
be “How long must I be ‘laid up’
before I can again carry on”? He
knows far better than any one else
how to go on with his business and
farm operations, and his guiding
hand and eye are actually needed
to efficiently manage the affairs con¬
cerning his business.

In conclusion it is well to em¬
phasize the importance of care and
caution in handling the machines
fraught with potential danger, and al¬
ways to have a watchful eye on all
kinds of livestock. Sometimes the
“gentle” horse may use his heels very
unexpectedly. Beware of the bull;
he can never be trusted with entire
safety. Keep ladders, stairways, hay¬
racks, etc. in good repair in order
that our physical condition may be
maintained in the best possible
form and that our bodies may be
able to perform the duties ahead of
us from day to day.

In other words, Be Careful.

New York Irving C. H. Cook

Where’s the best place
to choose your new car?

ON THE HOAD!

We’ll match the "showroom
value” of the Ford with anyone
, . . but if you want to know how
great a car this is, take one out
on the road!

TEST THE PERFORMANCE ... IN
ACTION. There never was an¬
other low price engine like this
90 horsepower Ford V-8. Take
it out in traffic — then step out on
the open road — challenge the
toughest hills. Draw your own
conclusions!

TEST THE RIDE ... IN ACTION.

Ride on the pavement, then ride
the roughest road you know.
You’ll find the new Ford ride is
the kind of ride you like. Smooth
where the going’s good. Soft
and steady over the bumps.

TEST THE ROOM ... IN ACTION.

Measurements show this Ford

greatest in its whole field in
actual passenger space. A ride
will show what this means. Big¬
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TEST THE VALUE ... IN ACTION.

Stop with the biggest hydraulic
brakes anywhere near the price.
Rest your toe on the pedal df a
fine-car type of semi-centrifugal
clutch. Flick through the gears
with the easy, silent kind of
finger-tip shift that high-priced
cars use.

GET THE FACTS AND
YOU'LL GET A FORD!

FORD HAS THE
QUALITY FEATURES

V-8 POWER — 90 smooth
horsepower. There never
was a low price engine
like this before.

NEW BEAUTY— When you
look at the smooth flow¬
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the few cars with really
up-to-date styling this
year.

A NEW RESTFUL RIDE— On

the new Ford "Slow Mo¬
tion Springs.” A soft,
quiet ride wholly new
this year.

EXTRA value— New ease
of control with positive
mechanical, fine-car type
shift — extra-big hydrau¬
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famous Ford semi-cen¬
trifugal clutch.

FORD GOOD DRIVERS LEAGUE. Boys
and girls, here is your opportunity to
win one of 98 University Scholarships
for skillful driving. For details, write
Ford Good Drivers League, Dearborn,
Mich., or see your Ford Dealer.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Ruralisms

We all know the value of the
Funkias or plantain lilies in shade;
the variegated sorts do best with
little sun, and their foliage is showy
throughout the season. The showiest
of all is the variety Subcardata
grandiflora, which has very large,
pure white lily-like flowers in August
and September; the flowers are
fragrant, and very showy, and the
large light green leaves are attrac¬
tive. This is advised a s a ground
cover Tor lily beds, as the heavy
foliage protects the lily roots from
hot sun, while the tall spikes rise
above the Funkias. While commonly
called Funkia, the proper name of
this plant is Hosta. The foliage is
sometimes attacked by bacterial wilt,
but this has not been serious in our
experience. The plants increase in
size very rapidly, and are easily
propagated by division. There are
a number of garden varieties; the
familiar Funkia lancifolia with nar¬
row dull green leaves and spikes of
lilac blue flowers flourishes in shade,
also the broader-leaved F. ccerulea
lanceolata. These bloom in late July
and August. But we do not advise
Funkias in a small space, because
they soon take up a good deal of
room, and crowd out more delicate
plants; they are at their best edging
a shrubbery or wild garden, except¬
ing the large white-flowered variety,
which is so handsome that it makes
a fine specimen in a herbaceous
border.

The Liatris or Kansas gay-feather

Marketing Farm Produce

I had a problem to solve. It was
to sell produce of the farm and
garden, to turn the surplus into cash.
We had no car, so carrying the goods
to market was out of the question.
One great advantage was our living
on as fine a highway as there is in
this North Country. A part of the
Theodore Roosevelt Highway cuts the
farm in two, and our part of it is
now included in the Scenic Highway
along the shore of the St. Lawrence
River. The market goes right by
the door, or camps in the cottages
nearby — tourists galore, and the
cottagers who spend a week or two
with their families in our neighbor¬
hood, our transient neighbors, often
renew acquaintanceship year after
year.

A table under a tree close to the
road, with a blackboard fastened to
the tree trunk quoting prices on
whatever was on the table, seemed
to be all the equipment necessary.
Strawberries, red raspberries, Co¬
lumbian and long black berries in
season, new-laid eggs, braided strings
of popcorn, stringbeans, young car¬
rots, bunched onions, new potatoes,
green corn, tomatoes, almost any¬
thing goes, even the flowers, if I have
a bunch of them on the table. I’d
like to do more with flowers but I
do not hnve time for that.

At first I made few sales, but after
a time the tourists and cottage
people came to buy the fresh eggs
and fruit and vegetables and some¬
times the table would be cleared and
would have to be re-filled two or
three times a day. Only one more
difficulty presented itself. I coula
not always attend to customers; being
very busy most of the time attend¬
ing to other farm work. I tried out
a plan which was suggested to me
by a scheme for selling daily papers
in Washigton, D. C. I noticed on a
street corner, near where I was stay¬
ing, a big bundle of daily papers with
a placard stating, “Take your paper
and leave the pennies,” or words to
that effect. There was no one in
attendance, no newsboy in sight. I
thought if that plan could work in
a big city, it might work right here
at the farm, and it did.

I wrote on the board, “Please help
yourself and leave the money in
the dish,” which was a small glass
covered container. The plan worked
better than I had hoped. People
would tell me that they had bought
things before, though they had seen
no one. There was often money in
the dish. This plan of selling farm
produce disposes of much perishable
green stuff, but the idea is no “get
rich scheme” nor does the stuff “sell
itself.” Some one should be in at¬
tendance most of the time. Tourists
are as a rule trustworthy and ap¬
preciate the convenience of the
“serve yourself” plan.

North Country Farmer

is one of the perennials that will
thrive under partial shade, and there
are some new varieties that are finer
than the old wild variety, though that
is a very satisfactory plant. The
white variety of Liatris scariosa has
heavy spikes of pure white fringy
flowers, growing to a height of four
or five feet; it blooms in September.
This was used very effectively in the
perennial planting at the World’s
Fair. Another variety of L. scariosa
called September Glory has rich
purple flowers; the spikes may attain
a height of six feet of more. These
are excellent and lasting flowers for
cutting; in the garden they are es¬
pecially showy when massed at the
back of other plants as the leaves
are grassy and not at all showy. We
have not been encouraged by attempts
to gi'ow Irises in complete shade, but
if there is full sunshine for half the
day the Germanica varieties will do
quite well, some varieties being more
amenable than others. Much will
depend on whether they are crowded
by other plants, a condition they
dislike, especially if compact low-
growing plants are allowed to crowd
into their crowns. Generally, a very
rich soil with partial shade produces
a soft growth that is susceptible to
root-rot, a dreaded enemy of the
Iris. While the finest-blooms result

from abundant fertility, one gets
healthy growth and good bloom from
a moderately rich soil.

If one wants yellow flowers in
partial shade, perennial Coreopsis
and some of the day lilies, Hemero-
callis, will supply it. Perry’s Core¬
opsis has charming semi - double
flowers of a rich golden yellow; it
grows to a height of about 2V2 feet.
It is handsomer than the familiar
single Coreopsis lanceolata, but we
would not be without the latter be¬
cause it is so useful for cutting, with
its long wiry stems, and it grows
and spreads anywhere. As for the
day lilies, all those we have tried
have done well in partial shade, but
they also succeed in full sun. Their
preference is for a deep rich moist
soil, but they are not fussy. We es¬
pecially like the lemon lily, Herftero-
callis Thunbergi with pale yellow
flowers but there is a wide choice
now among the newer varieties, in
varying shades of yellow and orange.
There is one double variety, Kwanso,
with large showy flowers of golden
bronze.

The Japanese Anemones, which
bloom from September through
October like partial shade, though
they do equally well in full sun.
They are showy plants, throwing up
their flower spikes to a height of two

327

or three feet, the large flowers white,
pink or crimson. One of the popular
rose pink varieties is September
Charm, which is very free in bloom;
an early blooming sort with flowers
of rosy mauve is Hupehensis — a
somewhat awkward name derived
from a Chinese province. There are
a number cf fine named sorts. We
are so familiar with the little Spring¬
blooming Anemones that many do
not realize fhe beauty of these showy
Autumn-blooming varieties.

While we hesitate to recommend
the hardy varieties of Phlox for a
heavily shaded location it is true
that many varieties will flourish in
partial shade, and they are so showy,
and most of them so fragrant, that
no garden should be without them.
Selected sorts will give a long season
of bloom, but the gardener should be
hard-hearted in his treatment of
volunteer seedlings, which should
not be allowed to crowd out choice
sorts. The old plants should be lifted
and divided as needed, otherwise one
gets a hard woody crown that pro¬
duces indifferent growth. For blue
flowers in such a location some of
the Veronicas may be tried. There is
a variety called True Blue that only
grows about a foot tall, that pro¬
duces a wealth of intensely blue
flowers in June and July. We should
prefer this to some of the taller sorts
for the situation suggested. We should
not attempt to make a rose border in
a partially shaded place. E. T. Roy.le

• There’s a lot of satisfaction in staying on top of your job— running
your farm the way you know it should be run, and not letting the
farm run you.

Farmers everywhere find they get their work done with the great
new Farmalls. They call them power-partners . . . and plan all their
field work in terms of F ARMALL-hours.

There is no better way to make farming pay the biggest

POSSIBLE RETURNS.

Since the new streamlined Farmalls were first announced, more
than 100,000 of them have joined the ranks of a half-million and
more FARMALLS now in use— wore than all other makes of row-crop
tractors combined l

You’ll find the right tractors for all kinds of row-crop work in
the complete Farmall line. There are twelve variations, from the
Culti -Vision "A” to the big powerful "M” and Diesel-powered "MD.”
And, in addition, International Harvester also builds four crawler-
type TracTracTors, five standard and orchard-type wheel tractors.
Here is economical power that fits every farming need exactly.

Foresighted men are buying now. You can arrange for easy terms
on the Income Purchase Plan — payments made to fit your needs. Plan
to get ahead by seeing the dealer on your next trip to town.

International Harvester Company

180 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois

FARMALL-M IS A GREAT
CULTIVATING TRACTOR

The corn looks good — and it will look still
better after the big "M” equipped with an
HM-221 cultivator finishes this job. Close
to the driver’s right hand, a small lever
operates the "Lift-All,” hydraulic power
lift that raises and lowers the sweeps, or
any other direct-attachable tools — with a
flick of the finger.

FOR VEGETABLE GROWERS-THE NEW
HIGH-CLEARANCE FARMALL-AV

Here’s a new variation of the famous FaRM-
all-A— especially adapted for work in crops
planted in high beds. Here the "AV” is
shown doing a fine job of cultivating aspar¬
agus after the plants have reached consid¬
erable height. This Farmall gives you
6 extra inches of crop clearance,

328

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER' S PAPER
Established tsso

Published Bl-W*eklj bj the Rural Pnbliihing Co., Ihc. 333 West 80th St., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vice-President William a. O’Brien, Secretary.

William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell W. Duck

H. B. Tckey Mrs. E. T. Royle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Fire Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, 11.50 per agate line — 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“ A SQUARE DEAL”

Our Great Democracy

Part II

ITH two major exceptions the funda¬
mental principles of the Declaration of
Independence and the Constitution were in
the main adhered to by the Federal Govern¬
ment during the first 75 years of our national
existence. One of these exceptions was the
institution of slavery which was confined
to particular states but recognized and sup¬
ported by the national government. It took
a five-year civil war to force national recog¬
nition of the principle that “all men are born
equal with an inherent right to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness.” The war
ended the institution of slavery but not fully
the violation of the human injustices. The
other major exception was the authority
granted to private corporations to issue money
which is reserved to Congress by the Con¬
stitution. This grant of public authority to
private corporations has not been repealed
by war or otherwise but has been continued
and magnified in violation of the plain pro¬
vision of the Constitution.

During the first half of our national life,
business was conducted mostly in the name
of individuals and partnerships. In the early
part of the present period the corporation
entity was devised, but up to 35 to 40 years
ago the individuals and partnerships con¬
tinued to do business. Some individuals still
do business in their own name, but, farmers
excepted, there are few such. Partnerships
are almost extinct. Every man then felt it
well to have a reputation for responsibility
and honesty. Farmers, whether poor or pros¬
perous, never thought of avoiding an obliga¬
tion. Our fathers told us: “Boys, keep your
credit good. If you go in debt, plan to pay
the day it is due, and the day before is better.
Get a reputation for prompt payment and you
can always get credit at the bank or else¬
where. The best investment you can make
is to pay your debts.” Many loans on farms
were made on notes usually at five per cent
when the bank rate was six per cent. Prices
of farm products were always comparatively
low but during that 35-year period follow¬
ing the Civil War there was not one farm
foreclosure, it is safe to say, compared to
five now.

At the beginning of our Democracy, farms
owned one-half of the wealth of the country.
After the Civil War, government began to en¬
courage industry and trade. Laws were en¬
acted to encourage corporations for enter¬
prises in manufacture, railroad construction,
steamboat transportation, banks, insurance,
etc. The National Banking System was au¬
thorized, high tariffs were imposed on im¬
ports to encourage home manufacturing cor¬
porations with assurance to consumers that
the competition of home manufacturers would
keep prices at the cost of production and in¬
crease the wages of labor. When the manu¬
facturers grew wealthy under their tariff sub¬
sidies they formed incorporated trusts and
conspiracies to avoid the promised competition
to control the labor wages. The economists
wrote it down in their economic books that
the cost of labor was the cost of sustaining
the laborer. How boys were to be supported
until they reached the working age, or how

they were to be supported after they became
too old or feeble to work, was not discussed
by the erudite economists or considered by
the ambitious employer. One noted industrial
leader aserted that God had put the control
of industry and capital in the hands of in¬
dustrial leaders and it was their privilege to
fix the wage of labor.

(To be Continued)

Producers Offer Milk Amendments

ECRETARY of Agriculture Claude A.
Wickard and Market Administrator N. J.
Cladakis, have arranged for milk hearings at
the St. George Hotel, Brooklyn, New York
on the 14th and 15th of May and at the State
Office Building in Albany on the 16th and 17th
of May. At these hearings, farmers may
discuss the amendments to the Federal State
Order already filed at Washington and amend¬
ments may also be offered at the hearings.
There is a strong sentiment for abolishing
multiple milk classifications in favor of sell¬
ing requirements of inspected milk for fluid
use both as milk and cream. Under this
amendment dealers would file their orders
for inspected fluid milk so that the total re¬
quirements of inspected fluid milk would be
known. Individual farmers would deliver their
percentage of the production at the fluid price
and keep any surplus home for such use they
wished to make of it. The surplus delivered
to the plant would be sold to manufacturers
at the best price obtainable.

There is nothing new about this plan. It
has been suggested for many years even be¬
fore classification was adopted. The plan has
been urged regularly during the 20 years
of our experience with classification. This
paper advocated it before classification was
adopted and persistently since. Recently, it
has been popularized in an article by Owen
D. Young. The distributors of fluid milk will
necessarily be ineligible for handling milk
for manufacture, otherwise portions of it
would surely find their way into the fluid
trade, and the subsidiaries and affiliates of
fluid distributors should be ineligible for
buying the inspected surplus milk, if any,
unless a satisfactory way is found to prevent
the surplus inspected milk from getting into
the fluid trade.

This plan will also eliminate the preferential
bonuses to producers in certain counties, to
cooperative associations, and to all handlers,
cooperative or otherwise, for diversions and
amendments will probably be offered,
where necessary and desirable, to eliminate
bonuses of every kind. This would stimulate
an economic administration of the system and
especially so when an amendment is added for
a full and detailed accounting.

An amendment should be considered to
eliminate the present system of determining
the price of fluid milk to producers. The
farmers’ right of negotiating the price of their
products is fundamental and constitutional.
That right is denied them now because the
dealers have dominated the system. The price
of milk should be determined on the cost of
production plus a fair average of profits. No
amount of sophistry or pretense can convince
the farmer or anyone else that this is not
simple justice.

“Seven Decades of Milk”

This is the title of a 340-page volume by
John J. Dillon which covers his observations and
experiences in New York’s milk industry since
1870. His remark that “The one obsession of
milk dealers for seventy years has been as low
a price as they can force upon the producer in
the country and as high a price as they can wring
from the consumer in the city” is the real text
for Mr. Dillon’s sermon, but incidentally many
interesting ideas and experiences appear. So
while the volume is of special interest to those
concerned in the New York milk problem it is
not dull reading for anybody who wants to see
all sides of that problem. Candor is one of the
characteristics of the author and there is no
evidence of lack of it here. The . Orange Judd
Publishing Co., New York — $3.00.

( From the Pennsylvania Farmer)

Autographed copies for friends who might
wish to have them.

Other Milk and Dairy News, see pages 331, 341.

What Farmers Say

ICE CREAM LAWMAKERS

I have been interested for some time in your
battle for better milk markets and thought you
might be interested in the following as one reason
why very little is accomplished in the field of
legislation here in New York State. State Senator
Crawford of Brooklyn, who, for some reason,
appears very close to the Milk Control Board, is
oddly enough part ownei of two companies sup¬
plying milk companies with ice cream and milk
ingredients. His partner, Glaubman, solicits busi¬
ness as follows. “The Senator wants to know why
we haven’t had an order lately.” The two com¬
panies are Supreme Products Mfg. Co., 1476
Broadway, N. Y. C., and American Food Labs.,
Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. C. Interested.

New York

I have read the editorial “Guns and Butter”
in your March 8 issue. It is just such editorials
that will bring attention of this matter to the
authorities in Washington in a manner that will
make them realize the seriousness of the situation
confronting farm machinery manufacturers.

If all farm journals will do as you have done
in this editorial, much of the hardship that we
manufacturers are now experiencing can be over¬
come without any slow-up or hardship to the
war plans. I know that every manufacturer is
anxious that nothing be done to curtail war plans.

New York c. w. k.

In the March 8 issue, L. J. Happich writes:
“I too believe that I see daylight dawning in the
milk business.” No, he doesn’t; nor in any other
business. Because this administration’s borrow¬
ing and taxing, wildcat wasting and lending
money do not, to my mind, make for prosperity.
They make for a bigger depression. If the govern¬
ment had kept its nose out of business and just
done some honest-to-goodness governing, we
would have been out of this depression long ago.
The present administration has been hamstring¬
ing business and getting all the money the banks
are legally authorized to make. j. g.

Florida

I realize how well you have the truth about
the Dairymen’s League management, particularly
in connection with the recent milk referendum.
Yes, as you say in your issue of February 22, “The
handwriting is on the wall” for these fellows. In
fact, I have seen to it that a copy of your editorial
is now displayed in my place of business where
dairy farmers gather and read.

Son of a Dairy Farmer.

New York

Milk and Cream Supply

Recipts at the New York metropolitan area for
February, 1941 f - 40-qt. Units— - >

State of origin

Milk

Cream Condensed

New York .

.1,942,704

85,945

24,283

New Jersey .

. 457,361

3,200

Pennsylvania . .

. 317,635

8,384

.6,647

Vermont . .

. 131.535

3,544

Connecticut .

16,734

Maryland .

20.646

Massachusetts . . .
Ohio .

10.450

1,650

Total, Feb., 1941.

.2,897,065

102,723

30,930

Total, Feb., 1940

.2,929,387

110,527

26,488

New York furnished 67

per cent of

the milk

and 83.6 per cent of the cream coming into the city
for al the month of February, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Milk Prices for March

The net cash basic prices paid for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 201-210 mile zone by dealers report¬
ing for the month of March are as follows:

Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.
Lehigh Valley Co-op. Farmers ..$2.10 $0.0446

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 2.02 .0429

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 1.97 .0419

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 1.95 .0415

Boonville Farms Co-op. Inc . 1.95 .0415

Sheffield Farms . 1.94 .041

Dairymen’s League . 1.83 .039

These are basic prices. Fat, freight bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

Brevities

“Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he
that doeth righteousness at all times.” Psa. 106:3.

Heavy replanting of beans will be necessary
in parts of Western New York, due to frost
damage.

The carry over of old crop wheat by July 1,
1941, is expected to total 400,000,000 bushels, the
largest on record.

Some grass seed gets covered too deeply, so
that it never can come up. Just barely covering
is best in many soils.

Jerusalem artichokes are rather watery, but
if steamed, peeled, sliced in half and fried in
butter, they go very well.

New York State had 10 inches more snow than
usual in March. The heaviest local fall for the
month was 51.9 inches at Lake Placid.

At the Vegetable Growers Meeting, Columbus,
Ohio, August 4-7, tests of 50 new varieties of
tomatoes and 30 of muskmelons will be seen.

329

Two of the Big-3 Indicted

THE Federal authorities, under the gui¬
dance of Assistant Attorney General
Thurman Arnold, have finally wheeled into
action with sweeping criminal indictments
against the Borden Company and three of its
subsidiaries, Reid’s Union Dairy Company,
Dairy Sealed, and Interstate Dairy Company;
Sheffield Farms and Muller Dairies, one of
its subsidiaries; and several officials of these
milk companies. Last week, the Federal
Grand Jury in New York City returned an
indictment against these defendants, charging
an arbitrary fixing of store prices in violation
of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

The officers of the milk companies who are
named in the indictment are: T. C. Montague,
H. W. Comfort, W. H. Marcussen, F. R. Elliott,
George M. Waugh, Jr., C. E. Beardsley, P D.
Fox, R. V. Jones, J. A. Pickett, J. F. Watson,
M. T. Daly, Walter Sanders, Edward H.
Blauvelt, August Eisner, R. U. Wood, J. P.
Johnston, E. L. Noetzel, W. H. Rebman, all
associated with Borden or Borden affiliates;
L A. Van Bomel, H. S. Van Bomel, B. S.
Halsey, R. M. Wellwood, C. E. Cuddeback,
C I. Corbin, F. M. McGrath, Fred Snyder,
Frank Zollner, Daniel G. Townsend, Wilhelm
Jorden, Edward H. Miller, and Arthur Pieper,
officers of Sheffield and Muller Dairies;
Frohman Holland, vice-president of Holland
Farms Inc., and Frank E. Smith of Brooklyn.

The specific charges cover the period from
April, 1937 to date and include the following:

75 per cent of the milk sold in the metropolitan
area is produced in the State of New York.

Approximately 40 distributors in New York
City sell milk at retail and wholesale.

Approximately 150 distributors in New York
City sell milk only at wholesale.

Prior to 1933, 65 per cent of metropolitan milk
v/as sold at retail and 35 per cent at wholesale.
Since 1933Nto date, 60 per cent of the milk is
sold at wholesale and 40 per cent at retail.

Since April, 1937, Borden and Sheffield and
their subsidiaries have continuously increased
the volume of their city wholesale trade and
today sell between 50 and 60 per cent of the
total volume of wholesale milk.

Consumers have been paying 1 cent less at
stores for Borden and Sheffield milk than the
price charged for the same brands delivered to
the doorstep.

Consumers have been paying from 3 to 4
cents less at stores for Breakstone, Muller, Reid,
Dairy Sealed or Interstate milk, or for milk dis¬
tributed by any of the independents, than the
price charged by Borden and Sheffield at the
doorstep.

There is substantially no difference in quality,
purity and wholesomeness between any of the
above brands.

Beginning in about April, 1937, and continually
thereafter up to the present time, the defendants,
‘namely, Borden, Sheffield and their subsidiaries,
have knowingly entered into and engaged in a
combination and conspiracy unreasonably to
raise, fix and maintain wholesale milk prices in
New York City.

As part of this conspiracy, the defendants
meet and confer from time to time with one an¬
other and with independent distributors and at
such meetings wholesale prices are determined.

The defendants simultaneously publish price
announcements containing identical wholesale
prices, to which prices the defendants adhere.

The defendants compel, persuade or influence
the independent distributors to adhere to these
predetermined wholesale prices by threats, co¬
ercion and promises.

The defendants hinder or prevent independent
distributors from distributing and selling milk
below these fixed wholesale prices.

Meetings and conferences have been held by
the defendants with one another and with other
distributors at various times at the Hotel New
Yorker, Cornish Arms Hotel, and other places,
at which places and times the defendants agreed
on and fixed arbitrary and non-competitive
wholesale prices.

The defendants threatened independent dis¬
tributors that unless the wholesale prices agreed
upon and fixed were adhered to by these inde¬
pendents, they, the defendants, would use their
dominant position, power and resources to ac¬
quire customers of these independent distributors
by cutting prices, giving rebates, free merchan¬
dise and other concessions and allowances.

The defendants did in fact coerce and compel
independent distributors to adhere to the whole¬
sale prices agreed upon and fixed.

The defendants promised independent distribu¬
tors that if they adhered to these wholesale fixed
prices, they, the defendants, would refrain and
desist from selling to customers of the indepen¬
dents, and the defendants did in fact refrain and
desist from selling to such customers.

The Grand Jury action on this indictment
confirms the existence of the vicious mo¬
nopolistic practices in the New York milkshed
against which producers and consumers have
continually protested. Yet there is one puzzl¬
ing feature in the present proceedings. The
milk monopoly in the New York market is

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

known as the Big-3, made up of Borden,
Sheffield and the Dairymen’s League, the three
largest wholesale dealers in the metropolitan
area.

Two of the Big-3 have now been charged
with a combination and conspiracy in re¬
straint of trade. Why hasn’t similar action
been taken against the third member of this
unholy alliance?

Pro/. T. B. Charles

WE are pleased to announce that Professor
Thomas B. Charles has joined The
Rural New-Yorker staff as poultry depart¬
ment editor.

Prof. Charles was born at Odessa, N. Y. in
1890. He was educated at Watkins Glen High
School, Cornell University and Pennsylvania
State College, and taught poultry husbandry
in both these institutions. For the periods
1916-20 and 1923-26 he operated his bwn
poultry farm. Since 1928 he has been head of

Professor T. B. Charles

the poultry department of New Hampshire
University, at Durham. He is a member of
World’s Poultry Science; American Poultry
Association; Poultry Science Association (past
president); N. H. Poultry Growers’ Associa¬
tion; N. H. Red Club; N. H. Academy of
Science, and the Grange.

The poultry industry, with its complicated
production and selling features, requires the
best possible information worked into its daily
program. With his practical and scientific
training Professor Charles is well able to
answer questions and discuss poultry prob¬
lems. We are sure that all of us will benefit
from his continued advice.

Farm Labor in the Draft

RIGADIER General Ames T. Brown,
New York State Director of Selective
Service, has properly cautioned local draft
boards in rural areas not to aggravate short¬
ages of skilled farm labor.

Clearly, agriculture is one of the nation’s
chief defense industries, if not the most im¬
portant of all, and with the constantly grow¬
ing shortage of skilled labor on our farms, it
is a distinct danger to the health and safety
of the nation and its defense program if the
farms were deprived of workers that could
not be replaced.

Each local board has been requested to
inquire into the exact duties perfoi'med by
the registrant on the farm, the number of
other workers wffio might be able to take
over some of those duties if he were to be
inducted, the nature of the produce of the
farm and its importance to the food supply
of the nation, and the available supply of
labor from which to replace any man taken
into military service.

To enable the local board to properly
classify any farm worker, applications for
occupational deferment (Form 42) when sub¬
mitted by an agricultural employer should
provide at least the following information:
Size and type of farm on which the registrant
is employed; number of acres under cultiva¬
tion, quantity of stock and amount of pro¬
duce; number of people employed on the
farm; a specific description of the registrant’s
work and why it is necessary to the vital
operations of the farm; and the availability
of replacements who can do the work in
his stead.

Agriculture and National Defense

13 E AL appreciation of the fact that agri -
culture is in the first line of national
defense lies in the call from the Secretary
of Agriculture for an increase in the produc¬
tion of tomatoes for canning by 50 per cent
to meet probable demands for canned to¬
matoes under the Lend-Lease Act and for
distribution by the American Red Cross as
well as for school lunch, relief and other
purposes.

Admittedly the season is late for any great
increase in acreage, since most of the country’s
acreage is dependent upon transplanted to¬
mato plants — already growing and not suffi¬
cient in number to meet the 50 per cent in¬
crease. But there are other methods of
emergency production which farmers will
try. First of all is the suggestion that
improved fertilizer and cultural methods be
employed, and second that tomato seed may
be planted directly in the field and thinned
out to the desired number of plants.

Important cultural directions given in an
emergency circular by C. B. Sayre just re¬
leased by the Geneva Station recommend
that plants be thoroughly watered the night
before they are to be transplanted; that trans¬
planting be done as early as possible after
danger of frost is past since tonnage is re¬
duced about a ton per acre for each week’s
delay; that “started solutions” of fertilizer
(about V\ pint of solution per plant) will in¬
crease yields lxk to 2 tons per acre, and that
a 10-20-10 analysis fertilizer at the rate of
600 pounds or more per acre be tried. In
addition, the method of applying the fertilizer
is important, in which it is explained that
200 to 300 pounds of fertilizer per acre can
be most effective in band applications about
four inches below the surface of the soil and
about 2V2 inches to the side of the row.

Finally, the direct seeding method is
suggested, though admittedly likely to give
lower yields per acre unless an open Fall with
warm temperatures permits longer harvest¬
ing. Nevertheless, it is of interest to know
that seed may be sown in the field with a drill
and the resulting seedlings thinned out in
the row, or that the field may be check-rowed
and seed dropped by hand, using 6 to 8 seeds
per check mark end thinning to 1 or 2 plants
per hill. It is said that direct-seeded tomato
plants have more deeply penetrating root
systems and will grow more rapidly than
transplanted plants of the same age. In 1939.
7 tons of marketable tomatoes wrere obtained
per acre from direct-seeded plants as com¬
pared with 14 tons per acre from transplanted
ones; and in 1940, 8 tons w^ere secured from
direct seeding as compared with 12 tons from
transplanted tomatoes. The peak production
from direct-seeded tomatoes comes late in
September.

In this way and in other ways with other
crops will the farmer accept his responsibility
for his share in the national defense.

Pasture for Hens

OTHER Nature surely did a fine job in
providing, in green grass and sunshine,
two very valuable sources of ingredients
necessary for maintaining health. In the early
days of the commercial poultry industry, it
was common practice to allow hens the run
of the yard. This worked very well until
with the increased number of birds the yards
became bare of all green food and con¬
taminated as well.

Thus the next step was to keep birds con¬
fined to the houses the year around. If this
procedure is advisable, as it is in most cases,
ii is far better to grow the green food for
the hen and carry it to her, than to permit
her to go after poor green food in a yard that
may be a health hazard.

Unless the green grass is young and succu¬
lent, it is of little value. Thus, if we need to
use a yard for the hens to range in, it should
be well sodded and the grass clipped to keep
the young succulent shoots coming along. If
this is impractical, then it would be quite
satisfactory to keep the yard well cultivated
and seed in oats every two weeks all Summer.
This procedure would give the hens the bene¬
fit of succulent green food and keep the
yard in a reasonably sanitary condition.

330

Vht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

When used as soon as swell¬
ing is noticed, Absorbineoften
lets you keep horses working.

Absorbine, a time- tested rem¬
edy, brings fast relief to the
injury. It speeds the blood
flow to the swelling to help
carry off thecongestion. Often
relieves lameness and swell¬
ing in a few hours.

Absorbine is not a “cure-all” but proven
help in relieving windgall, collar gall, fresh bog
spavin and other congestive troubles. It won’t
blister or remove hair. Used by many veteri-
naries for over 40 years. $2.50 for a LONG-
LASTING BOTTLE that will prove its value
many times I At all druggists or postpaid.
W. F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

ABSORBINE

VETERINARY

MEDICINE Needs
Trained Men

Prepare now for a successful career
in the uncrowded profession of
Veterinary Medicine. Opportunities
in private practice are attractive.
Middlesex University’s School of
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faculty. Experimental stock farm.
H. S. graduates admitted to two-year
pre - Veterinary course in Junior,
College. Coeducational.

Other Departments of Middlesex University:

School of Medicine: 4-yr. course, M. D. de¬
gree. School of Podiatry: 3-yr. course. School
of Pharmacy: 2-yr. course. College of Art*
and Science*: (A.B. and B.S. degrees.)

CATALOG ON REQUEST

MIDDLESEX

UNIVERSITY

WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

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A practical and
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information from
concrete to carpen¬
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For sale by
THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER
333W. 30th St., N. Y„

(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

Live Stock and Dairy

We Ride A g a i

By R. W. Duck

Riding for pleasure and
health is increasing in
popularity with the
American public. Breed¬
ers of the various types
and breeds of riding

horses report a steady demand at trot, canter and rack. In addition it
profitable prices for horses of quality must perform at least one of the
and desired utility. Secretary Wayne intermediate gaits, such as, the fox
Dinsmore of the Horse and Mule trot, running walk or slow pace. The
Association of America has the gaits must not be mixed, and must
names and addresses of more than be changed immediately on com-
1 500 riding academies, stables and mand. The slow pace is the least de-
clubs scattered all over the United sirable of the intermediate gaits,
States He estimates there are more because while it is a stepping-pace
than 100,000 riding horses in plea- performed m broken cadence, it may
sure use Annual replacements will be productive of the horse degene-
require from 10,000 to 12,000 head, rating into a true pace. Any rider
Other outlets for suitable riding would find it exceedingly difficult,

In Eastern markets the
Three Gaited or so-called
* *■ English Saddle Horse is

the most popular for
riding academy use. This
is due to the fact
such horses are more easily trained,
and represent a type rather than a
breed. They also vary considerably
in type, and are consequently lower
in average price. More important,
however, than the consideration
mentioned is the fact that they can¬
not be so easily abused. A rack is

horses are the Army and ranches
for stock horses.

In the East all cities of 25,000 or
over usually have several riding
academies with good bridle paths.
After taking a few lessons the novice

uncomfortable and unsightly to re¬
main in saddle on a true pacing
horse. This is due to the fact that
a true pace is a lateral two beat
gait in which the right front foot
and the right hind foot hit the

is frequently encouraged to purchase ground at the same time, alternating

a horse. Pride of possession and tufn fee^ an?

convenience of ownership make this m this fashion, and thus producing
seem desirable to many. The academy a rolling motion which would be
owners frequently make a nice profit rn°st undesirable foi a uder.
from these sales. However, the pur¬
chasers are usually people of some
means and in general the deal is
mutually satisfactory. In making
such a piirchase it is advisable to
be sure the horse is gentle and well
broken. If sold as sound it is usu¬
ally best to have a competent veterin¬
arian make an examination for age
and health.

The American Saddle Horse

The American or Five Gaited
Saddle Horse is as distinctly Ameri¬
can as the Standardbred horse. The
foundation sires in many instances
were the same, the difference in type
and performance of the two breeds
being largely produced by selection.

The American Saddle Horse Breed¬
ers Association has its headquarters
at Louisville, Kentucky. High at the
withers and croup, beautiful in con¬
formation, and with poetry of motion,
this great breed is one all true horse
lovers admire.

Other considerations being approxi¬
mately equal, the value of an
American Saddle Horse is largely
determined by the ease, manner and
accuracy with which its gaits are
performed. When showing in a five-
gaited class it must be able to walk,

Top: This Quarter Horse stallion, Horace Wilson No. 230 A, is a double great-grandson of the famous sire
Peter McCue. He is owned by Mr. Howard Hampton, Clarksville, Texas. Center: Beautiful in conformation
and with poetry of motion this American Saddle Horse stallion, Royal Starof Windsor, pictured at two years
of age, ( foaled May 7, 1938). He is owned by Mr. W. C. Windsor, Windsor Place, Boonville, Missouri and. is
pronounced by many leading breeders to be the best son of the great Stonewall King. Bottom: Sometimes
designated as Golden Horses, as Las Ysabellas, and The Horses of The Queen, Palominos of today are increas¬
ing rapidly in popularity . This beautiful Palomino stallion, El Rey Sappho, No. 276 — P, H. A., is owned by

W. B. Mitchell’s Sons, Marfa, Texas.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

331

the outstanding spectacular feature
of a five-gated horse; it is a fast
flashy four beat gait, easy on the
rider, but hard on the horse. Con¬
sequently a novice would probably
ride a good racking horse to death,
or at least soon incapacitate it. The
rack is taught by sharply urging for¬
ward with spur and whip, and just
before it breaks into a canter or trot
checking it smartly with the curb.
Horses bred along American Saddle
Horse blood lines if so handled will
fall naturally into a rack, as they
have been selected and bred for
generations to perform this mar¬
velous gait.

Morgans

A one-horse breed in fact, but not
in implication, Morgans have been
a breeding corner-stone for both the
Standardbred and the American
Saddle Horse. Founded by the great
stallion Justin Morgan, they are as
rugged and enduring as their native
Vermont hills. The address of The
Morgan Horse Club is 90 Broad St.,
New York City. History rings with
the courage and endurance of the
Morgan, the greatest breed of march¬
ing horses. Among the many noted
Morgan horses ridden during our
Civil War, space permits the mention
of only one, the famous “Pink,”
which was returned to Crown Point,
N. Y., at the close of the war by
General John Hammond. This horse
did not know the meaning of fatigue,
though other horses kept under the
same conditions died. He lived Jto
be 30 years of age, and went through
88 skirmishes and 34 battles.

Army remount stations are located
at Fort Royal, Virginia; Fort Robin¬
son, Nebraska; and Fort Reno, Okla¬
homa. Morgans play an important
role in the remount service. The
U. S. Morgan Horse Farm was es¬
tablished in 1907 at Middlebury,
Vt., for the primary purpose of con¬
serving, improving, and perpetuating
the Morgan breed. It was made
possible principally through the
generosity of the late Col. Joseph
Battell of Middlebury. Selective
breeding shows definite improve¬
ment to produce a beautiful three
gaited horse suited for remount and
saddle use. Some of the studs used
include, Bennington, Mansfield, Can-
field and Belmont.

The Palomino

Like a page from the distant past
the Palomino returns to flash in
splendor and popularity in the king¬
dom of the riding horse world. Some¬
times designated as Golden Horses,
as Las Ysabellas, and The Horses of
The Queen, they are now being bred
to form a distinct registered breed.
“Dick” Halliday is executive secre¬
tary of the Palomino Horse Associa¬
tion, Ojai, California. There is also
a Texas Palomino Association, Inc.,
Dr. Arthur Zappe, secretary, Mineral
Springs, Texas. In the strict sense
of the word the Palominos cannot
yet be classed as a breed because
they do not breed true for either
type or color. However, for registra¬
tion both a type and color standards
are being adhered to so that in time
both may become fixed as breeding
characteristics. The color of their
coats can be any shade of gold; dark
dappled gold being preferable. The
mane and tail must be silver. The
eyes must be dark — no “glass” eyes
or blues are permitted. The skin
must be black — no pink or freckled
skins allowed; weight from 900 to
1100 pounds; conformation sym¬
metrical and suitable for best saddle
use.

The gold color is recessive and
breeding results indicate that it has
a tendency to fade out on successive
matings with the same color. How¬
ever, by using certain out-crosses for
color to intensify this characteristic
it may be reproduced by continuous
selective breeding, and it may in
time be produced as a pure breeding
character. Several western breeders
of Palominos have produced beauti¬
ful manadas (bands of brood mares)
by crossing Arabian red chestnut
stallions, with flax manes and tails
on dun colored mares. Morgan and
Thoroughbred blood is also being
used by some in the molding of this
breed. Among the many prominent
breeders of Palominos today W. B.
Mitchell and Sons, Marfa, Texas,
have produced a famous manada.
Their noted sire, Sappho, deserves
much credit for the quality of the

present-day Palominos in the South¬
west. His sire was a cross of Arch
Oldham, a Thoroughbred, owned by
O. G. Parks of Kyle, and a Rondo
mare owned by Sykes of Souther¬
land, Texas. Rey el Santa Anita
owned by “Lucky” Baldwin sired
Swedish King who in turn sired Del
Rey used so successfully by Dwight
Murphy of Santa Barbara, Calif., to
develop his famous manada of these
wonderful Golden Horses.

Arabians and Thoroughbreds
The Arabian and Thoroughbred
have been the corner stone breed
building blocks on which have been
founded most our present day types
and breeds of light horses. Head¬
quarters of the Arabian Horse Club
of America is located at Berlin,
N. H. Thoroughbreds are registered
in The American Stud Book pub¬
lished by the Jockey Club at 250
Park Ave. New York City. One of
General Washington’s favorite mounts
during the Revolutionary War was
a gray Arabian stallion named
Ranger. In 1838 Commodore J. D.
Elliott, U S.. N., imported several
Arabian stallions and mares into the
United States. Their endurance,
beauty, and great breeding potency
to improve the native stock resulted
in several later importations made
by other prominent men who were
admirers of good horseflesh. Pure
Arabians are never marked as paints
or multi-colored, although such
horses frequently carry some Arabian
blood. About half the present Ara¬
bians are bays, about 30 per cent
are greys, while chestnut, brown, a
few whites, and some blacks con¬
stitute the remainder.

(To be Continued )

Raw Milk Ban Dismissed

The Raw Milk case in Philadel¬
phia has finally been decided in
favor of producers.

On May 1, Common Pleas Judge
Byron A. Milner, handed down a
decision restraining the Philadelphia
Board of Health from enforcing its
proposed ban on inspected raw milk
sales in the City of Philadelphia.

Last June, after conferences with
the Philadelphia County Medical
Society, the Pediatric Society, and
the College of Physicians, the Health
Board adopted a ban on raw milk,
effective October 1, 1940, and re¬
fused to issue any further permits
to the many farmers who were en¬
gaged in this business. Immediately,
a group of these spirited dairymen
banded together and started injunc¬
tion proceedings against the health
authorities. Meanwhile, the ban was
postponed until final court action.
A week’s trial was held in January
and later voluminous briefs ex¬
changed by attorneys. The city’s
lawyers attempted to argue that
since the Health Department had
the power to restrain a nuisance,
they had the authority to stop raw
milk sales.

The Court has now held other¬
wise. It finds that the Board of
Health has no legal authority under
the statutes to adopt any such pro¬
hibition, that there was no proof of
any disease originating from these
raw milk sales in Philadelphia, that
the raw milk produced under the
State health regulations does not
constitute a nuisance since “raw
milk is recognized as a legitimate
food product for production and sale
in Pennsylvania * * * * and there is
no evidence that the milk produced
and sold by the plaintiffs is un¬
wholesome, unclean or impure.” As
a result Judge Milner decreed that
the city health authorities be re¬
strained from enforcing their reso¬
lution outlawing raw milk sales.

Whether the defendants will ap¬
peal, is not yet known, but at least
it is reassuring that these dairymen,
quick to protect their own interests
against the arbitrary arm of bureau¬
cracy, have won the initial victory.

| 7. HEREFORDS !\

Yearlings and proven
sires. Horned and polled.

lew Lebanon, New York

THREE-FOURTH TOGGENBEKG GOATS

IS months up. $15. some bred. One beautiful Nubian,
dispossing of herd. Moving to Washington.

Seven Spring Farm, Chappaqua Road, Briarcliff, N. Y.

Registered Hereford Bulls

WEST ACRES FARMS, I

GOA

R 5!^ GOAT JOURNAL. Dept. 167. FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly magazine crammed with heip-
ful information. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

MILK f.OATS Toggenberg and Saanens. sold on ap-
OUHIJ proval. Pony Farm. Himrod, N. Y.

£“:fbJed ,^bLa-n.Kid5-.ou‘ of prtEe stock. Herbert
Gericke. 1 168 Richmond Av.. Port Richmond. S. I..N.Y.

ELECTRIC FENCER

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JERSEYS

New York State

JERSEYCONSIGNMENTSALE

And Annual Field Day

Geneva, New York, May 31, 1941

10:00 -11:00 A. M. STANDARD TIME

Judging of the consigned cattle.
11:00-12:00 — Lunch by Seneca Castle Grange.
12:00 Noon — Auction sale of 40 females.

The consigned females are cows not over 7 years
of age and bred heifers within 4 months of
freshening. Their type is good plus or better;
production exceeds R. of M. requirements; from
disease free herds, with sound udders, and
guaranteed breeders.

For details and Catalogue write Club Secretary.

A. C. DAHLBERG, N. Y. Agricultural
Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y.

COLD SPRING FARMS DISPERSAL

Ve Mile South of Lower Cornwall, N. Y. on Route 9W.

Saturday, May 24, 10:30 A. M.

22 PURE BRED JERSEYS

Two bulls accredited negative. Represented are Sybil,
Oxford, Financial and other strains noted for high test,
type and production. Eleven in milk. Nine heifers;
two bulls ; Sorrel team ; all tractor and farm equipment.
Alfalfa silage etc. Circular upon request.

0. S. JANSEN. Auctioneer, WALLKILL, NEW YORK
C. Naughton, Owner

FOR SALE -JERSEY COWS

A few very choice registered and bred heifers. Herd
free from T.B. and Bangs. For further information
phone or write HALCYON FARMS, Goshen, N. Y.

GUERNSEYS

Offering two year old Guernsey bull, also females

Bournedale Breeding

Excellent records, type, accredited, negative. Reasonable

FLOYD SMITH, R ICH M ON D V I LLE, NEW YORK

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

350 H EA D — Accredited. Negative. Bulls from proved
sires and high record dams. Reasonably priced. Also a
few heifer calves. Write for pedigrees and full particu¬
lars. Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS. SMITHVILLE, FLATS. N. Y.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS

DELHI - NEW YORK

Offers for sale at reasonable prices registered
Guernseys. 3 young registered cows due in July;
2 yearlings; 5 bred and ready to bred heifers.
If interested write at once for further particulars.

• FOR SALE - GUERNSEYS*

We have many fine bull calves that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS, AUGUSTA, SUSSEX CO., NEW JERSEY

flirt h luunjusuureu uruemsej

* bulls at South Arlington, Vermont.

BARCLAY K. DOUGLAS, OYSTER BAY, N. Y

) ABERDEEN- ANGUS .% |

ALBEMARLE

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

AUCTION

Monday, May 19th — Keswick (near Charlottesville)

Cattle from the leading Virginia Herds.
For information and catalogs write

VIRGINIA ABERDEEN-ANGUS ASSOCIATION

C. T. Neale, Mgr., Gordonsville, Va.

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Angus beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen- Angus Breeders' Association. Col¬
lege Park. Md.. or Eastern Aberdeen- Angus Breeder*"
Association. Ithaca. New York.

COD CAI C Reg. Bloodtested Aberdeen-Angus bull.

rVSK JHLt James S. Morse. Levanna, N. Y.

AY RSHIRES

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Crowing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
with stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS' ASS’N.
96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

SHORTHORNS [

THE STEADY INCOME FROM MILK

and Meat Shorthorns keeps the farm family, pays the
farm bills. Trial subscription MILKING SHORT-
HORN JOURNAL, 6 months 50c. or 12 months $1.00.
Subscribe now or write for free literature.

MILKING SHORTHORN JOURNAL
Dept. F-l, 7 Dexter Park Ave., Chicago, Illinois

.-. RABBITS

RAISE RABBITS

A Profitable Industry. Our Association Book of 64
pages gives all details — 10c A. WEYGANOT, Sect’y
American Rabbit and Cavy Breeders Association.
Dept. G-5, Chicago, Illinois

RAISE ANGORA RABBITS — for wool and for meat.
Pleasant and profitable work. Write for particulars.

GILCREST ANGORAS, EAST HAVEN. CONN.

J HORSES and PONIES

OFFERED AT PRIVATE TREATY!

THREE REGISTERED

BELGIAN STUDS

PRINCE VALURE, 19240 . . . Age 6 Years
— sired by Rexall, 17706, out of Grand
View Bonetta, 13333.

SATIN DE JOE, 15129 . . . Age 15 Years
— sired by Laboureur de Saintes, 13597, out
of Deesse du Fosteau, 5867.

NORMANDY FARCEUR, 25105 . . . Age 2
Years — sired by Jay Farceur, 17627, out
of Nancy, 18808.

PRICED TO SELL QUICKLY AS ROOM IS
NEEDED TO EXPAND DAIRY BUSINESS.

Great opportunity for breeders. For complete
information address or call on:

RUSSELL ELLIOTT, Mgr., Normandy Farms
Centerville, Montgomery Co., Ohio

(Nine miles south of Dayton, Route 48 1

BELGIANh°orrasfets

AT STUD

ROSCO PEEL Grand Champion

AND

TONY de BOY °T§&£r&s£o\ot

Stallions, Mares and Colts for Sale

Reasonably Priced

EUGENE P. FORRESTEL, - Medina, N. Y.

BELGIAN HORSES

Pure breds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
raised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI. WEST TAGHKANIC. N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82. Near
Lake Taghkanic State Park. 10 miles S. E. of Hudson.

BELGIAN STALLION ^“’^ur68^ poi,T

Weight 2000 lbs. Bred in Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

ASH GROVE FARMS, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. V.

FOR SALE — REGISTERED BELGIANS

Mares, colts and fillies. Also Imp. Stallion and three
mares. 1940 champions in the leading eastern shows
Priced very reasonable. IDEAL GUERNSEY FARMS,
Augusta, Sussex County, New Jersey

C0R SALE — Belgian Stallion (Reg.), Sound Red
* Roan 2000 pounds, proven sire. Compact prize winner.
Good worker, quiet disposition. Close estate. Sacrifice

$250. H. NELSON RIDER, WESTFIELD, N. Y.

SWINE

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

Thrifty, nigged stock of exceptional quality.

Berkshire and Chester crossed or > « . _

Yorkshire and Chester crossed » ® weeks old $4.50
Chester Whites $5.00 each. All orders carefully filled.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

Pierq anil Senate that eat> live and grow. Mostly p.

*3uOala Chinas and Berks, some Durocs,
Chesters and Hamps., 6 to 8 weeks $4.50; Shoats, 30
lbs., $5. to $5.50; 40 lbs. $6. to $6.50; ea. State 2nd
choice. Serum vaccinated, castrated, crated; F.O B ex¬
press here, to all points in X.Y., X. J., Pa., or Conn
Lnrelated breeders $1 each extra. Money back guar¬
antee to satisfy on arrival. Express 50c on pigs to $1

C. STANLEY SHORgT. "'“cH ES WOLD, f DeU

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pl®s 6,J u.ks- S5-°° each. Good 8-9 wks. old $5.50

ffCrt J?hest« Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

Digs For sale

A few nice feeders six weeks $4.50.

Eight weeks $5.00 each. Shipped C.O.D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM, Lexington, Mass. Tel. 1085

For Sale Hampshire Pigs $r2i05 ,n0ot0

excellent fall boars. Also a few fine sows and gilts

Ideal Guernsey Farms, Augusta, Sussex Co., N. j.

Berkshires ?ure bred Piss for breed-

Harvey A. Foster, 34 Coleman St. ! 's p rin g ft ehf. ' ' M ass)

REG. CHESTER WHITES SS"7,, .Mf'

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelt,,. cilKli, C,‘ pSI

REG. DUROCS Dall-GiIt3 ani? .S9rT>S Pigs. Russell F.

uuiYVCd pattington. Scinio Center, New York

DOGS

PUPPIFS 4U .breeds, shipped anywhere. Free
. , . ... details. Book 104 photos recognized

breeds described, 2ac. ROYAL, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

COLLIFQ Sable; excellent breeding; all
~ *“ ** ages, SI 5. OO up. COL'LOVER

KENNELS, 1606 East Erls Blvd., Syracuse, New York

T3CREBRED COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.

, Non-Hegistered or REGISTERED. Reasonably
priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

Uandsome Red or Black Cocker Pups eight weeks.
■•Also \\ irehair Terrier Pups. Satisfaction guaranteed

ELM VIEW KENNELS, ST. ALBANS, VERMONT

W A N T F n w?u trained fox hound, moderately
ADVERTISER lUb'.^care Rural Nw^rkwf ra“Se'

Farm Raised SHEPHERDS

Pad. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups N*'””«Trocil,^*r"

Reg. Collies S|'ffi|0“^.itHAROLOme.

Reg. Collies— Beagles

®^M^*NERp-COLLIE PUPS, with herding inert nn*
make heel-dnvers, beauties. Wllmot. East Thotford. Vt.

Great Dane Pups F^teSaKnvs:

COLLIES

Collie Puppies Lyie Afford" 0^= Ne'w Yo?k

f ft! I IFS Sable beauties ; pedigreed. A.K.C. Reg.

LULLlEiJ HILLCREST FARM. ALTMAR. N. Y.

DAIRY CATTLE

TISER 1795, care Rural New-Yorker.

au » 1. 1

332

•Jht RURAL NEW-YORKER

HE lights dare not go out for a single instant during an operation

in a hospital. Many hospitals, as well as schools, stores, theatres, and
public buildings, have Exide Batteries for emergency lighting. All
batteries look much alike, but in buying a battery for your car, truck

or tractor, you can be guided
by the experience of hospitals
and other large users. You
know you will get your
money’s worth in Exide.

•

THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, Philadelphia

The World’s Largest Manufacturers of Storage Batteries for Every Purpose
Exide Batteries of Canada, Limited, Toronto

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

system down to the present time.

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer and distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for distribution based
on costs plus the average rate of profits paid by the producers
on the supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete refer¬
ence index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

I 333 West 30th Street -s- New York City

Automobile Fires

There are now over 1,000,000 car
and truck fires annually in this
country. There is a heavy property
loss and considerable loss of lives.

Several cities of the Northeast find
that a rapidly increasing proportion
of their fire department’s service is
in putting out automobile fires. And
there are twice as many private car
fires as there are in trucks, busses and
taxis which, in most areas, are re¬
quired by law to carry fire ex¬
tinguishers. Losses are, of course,
relatively much greater in rural
areas than in cities where fire fight¬
ing apparatus is quickly available.

Some of us are lucky. I have
carried fire extinguishers in cars for
27 years without ever having had a
fire of my own but have happened
along at the right time to put out
fires in 21 cars belonging to other
people. The fact that several of
them didn’t even say “thanks” is
more than made up for by the ap¬
preciation of some of the others. I
am satisfied and prefer to have
equipment with me.

A recent survey by the National
Fire Protection Association covering
4,700 automobile fires gave short
circuits as the cause of over 40 per
cent of them and backfires causing
20 per cent. Prevention, of course,
is the best kind of protection. Know¬
ing that you may have a short and
letting it go can be dangerous .and
expensive. Yet, people do it and
have their cars damaged or all
burned up as a result. Defective
wiring and connections, giving' no
attention to the smell of burning
insulation and having an accumu¬
lation of oil and dirt around an
engine are excellent ways to be
reasonably sure that a car or truck
may burn up. Smoking and light¬
ing matches around the gasoline tank
are good ways to have a fire.

If you catch an electrical fire be¬
fore the flames have started up,
shoving the wire out of contact with
whatever it is shorted on or discon¬
necting the battery terminal may be

Jersey Sale at Geneva
May 31

Forty head of registered Jersey
cows and bred heifers will be sold
at public auction on Saturday, May
31 at the New York Agricultural
Experiment Station at Geneva. The
sale is the third annual consignment
sale of the New York State Jersey
Cattle Club.

In the forenoon at 10 o’clock
standard time a competent judge
will place the animals to be sold in
the same manner as in competition
at State Fairs. This judging will be
educational and will give buyers a
splendid opportunity to see the cattle.
The cattle have all been selected by
Joe Taylor of Homer, N. Y.

All animals to be sold are from
herds accredited for tuberculosis and
free from Bang’s disease. They have
been selected with consideration
given to both type and production.
The cows are not over seven years
of age and the bred heifers are with¬
in four months of freshening. The
quality of the animals is better than
that of either preceding sale.

The club is giving a special testi¬
monial banquet for its distinguished
member, George W. Sisson Jr. of
Potsdam, N. Y. on Friday evening,
May 30. A. C. Dahlberg, Secy.

Aberdeen- Angus in Virginia

A recent survey made by the
Virginia Aberdeen-Angus Association
estimates that -there will be well
over 2,500 purebred Angus calves
born in Virginia this year, indicating
that there will be approximately
4,000 registered Angus cattle in the
State by the end of the year.

Since April 1 of this year Virginia
breeders have added almost $30,000
worth of purebred Angus breeding
stock to their herds, including pur¬
chases at the recent Lonjac Dispersal
Sale in Missouri and other auctions
in the Middle West. The Grand
Champion bulls of both the 1936 and
1937 International Livestock Show
in Chicago are now heading two
prominent Virginia Angus herds,
while several prominent females of
this show are also in use here. Since
the onset of the war abroad many
famous individuals of the Scotch
herds have been brought to this

May 17, 1941

the easy way to stop it. If it is burn¬
ing seriously, use a tetrachloride ex¬
tinguisher. If that’s not available,
throw sand or earth on it. As a last
resort, water can be used if necessary
but it is likely to damage the elec¬
trical equipment and shouldn’t be
used if the other means are available.

Gasoline and oil fires around the
engine can usually best be put out
by pumping tetrachloride through the
hood openings or through the
radiator — the engine having been
stopped, of course. With the hood
left down, the tetrachloride gas will
smother the fire more quickly and
more surely than it would if the
hood had been opened. If such an
extinguisher isn’t available and it is
necessary to open the hood, do it
carefully and quickly by keeping the
face and body back as far as possi¬
ble so that if the fire flares up you
will not be burned. Then, throw
sand or earth on it.

Upholstery fires frequently re¬
ignite after having been apparently
put out. Most any fireman or
garageman knows of instances of
this sort. It is a good idea to open
up around the burned area and be
sure the cotton is well soaked with
water. An upholstery fire supposedly
out re-ignited and not only burned
that car but another, the garage, a
barn and two homes.

Those quart and a half tetrachlo¬
ride pump extinguishers are efficient
automobile fire fighting equipment.
However, the quart size is most
common and perhaps most easily
handled by the average person. Most
people who have had any experience
fighting fires are likely to consider
the pint size a very poor investment
as compared to the larger sizes. If
you have to get extinguishers, be
sure you know how to handle them
and be doubly sure that they are
kept full and in working order.

Cars and trucks get on fire — nearly
3,000 every day. Reasonable pre¬
cautions plus fire extinguishers are
inexpensive compared to what a fire
may cost, even with insurance.

New York W. Franklin Moore

country in an effort to perpetuate
their line.

These popular little “dodies” (so
called in Scotland for being polled)
may be seen at the show and exhibit
in connection with the Albermarle
Auction of Angus cattle being held
in Keswick at the Keswick Hunt
Club grounds on Monday, May 19.
Here they will be divided into differ¬
ent classes and judged by a breeder
from a nearby state. The supreme
individual of the show will be
awarded the Montrose Cup. These
cattle are solid black and hornless
and transmit both of these charac¬
teristics to their offspring.

Maryland Hereford Sale

The first annual sale of the Mary¬
land Hereford Association was held
at the Frederick Fair Grounds,
April 23.

The offerings comprised 43 females
and 7 males. These animals were
consigned by Buck and Doe Run
Valley Farms, Coatesville, Pa.; Fox-
hall Farm, Catonsville, Md.; W. W.
Groves, Cambridge, Md.; W. C.
Turner, La Plata, Md.; B. S. Oles,
Kingsville, Md.; A. B. Shipley, Sykes-
ville, Md.; C. A. Smith, Chester, W.
Va.; Mrs. Charles H. Tilghman,
Easton, Md.; A. G. Rolfe, Poolesville,
Md.; A. R. Johnson Jr., Pearson, Md.;
Susquehanna Farms, Pearson, Md.

The 43 heifers average $309 each,
and the bulls $359.

H. C. Lady Domint 32nd brought
top price for a cow, $550. Four others
brought $500 each.

The highest bull price was $1,000
for Foxhall Super D. 3rd. The next,
$670, was for Foxhall Super Domint
4th.

Those connected with the sale felt
that it was a good start for the
association.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

June 19. — Dairymen’s League
Annual Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y.

June 23-26. — American Dairy Sci¬
ence Assn., Burlington, Vt.

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29- Aug. 1. — Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

333

Assemblyman Flynn Seeks Milk Investigation

The statement made last month in
the New York State Legislature by
Assemblyman Daniel Flynn is here
printed. Mr. Flynn was sponsor of
•a resolution for a legislative investi¬
gation of the milk dealer spread and
this statement was made by him in
support of the resolution.

Mr. Flynn: Mr. Speaker.

The Speaker: The Chair recog¬
nizes Mr. Flynn.

Mr. Flynn: On my resolution to
study the milk industry. I feel the
need for this investigation has in¬
creased along with the increased
spread. I have had this resolution in,
I believe, for the past three or four
years. I am going to be very brief
this afternoon as it has been a long
day. I just want, to state a few salient
facts.

In March, 1937, the farmer was
getting $2.90 per hundred pounds for
Class I milk. The consumer was pay¬
ing $6.11 per hundred, which figures
at 13c a quart. The spread at that
time was, therefore, $3.21 per
hundred.

During the Winter of 1939, the
Class I price to the farmer was $2.82
a hundred. It had gone down 8c
from the Class I price in 1937. On
the other hand, the price to the con¬
sumer had risen to 15c a quart, or
$7.05 a hundred, an increase of 96c
a hundred or over 2c a quart since
March, 1937. The meant an increase
in dealer spread in 2 V2 years from
$3.21 to $4.23.

On May 1, 1940, the Class I price
to the farmer was reduced to $2.45.
At that time the consumer was pay¬
ing 14V2c a quart, which meant a
further increase in dealer spread of
14c a hundred, or $4.37.

On November 1, 1940, the price
to the producer was raised 20c a
hundred but the price to the con¬
sumer was raised 35c a hundred, to
15V4C a quart, thereby increasing the
spread 15c more.

Then on April 1, 1941, only yester¬
day, we had another case of the same
type of dealer price juggling. The
price of Class I milk to the farmer
was reduced from $2.65 a hundred
to $2.45. In other words, there was
a reduction in the price to the pro¬
ducer of about i/2 c a quart while the
reduction to the consumer from
15V4C to 15c was only of one cent
a quart. Thus, the big dealers cut
the farmer a whole x/2c a quart but
only passed one-half of that cut on
to the consumer. This was a further
8c increase in the dealer spread.

Over the past four years since we
did away with Milk Control in
March, 1937, or at least attempted
to do so, down to today, the spread
has increased on practically every
price change. With the result that
what the milk distributor gets out
of what you pay has increased from
$3.21 to $4.60 a hundred pounds. This
means that over this four-year
period the dealer spread has in¬
creased 3c a quart. And in the last
year alone this spread has increased
37c a hundred pounds or almost lc
a quart.

In other words, today the big dis¬
tributor is getting 3c more a quart
for the milk which he sells than he
was getting four years ago. Todqy,
the farmer is worse off than he was
four years ago. In March, 1937, he
was getting $2.90 a hundred pounds
for his Class I milk. Today, he is
getting $2.45 for that same milk.

Those are figures that cannot be dis¬
puted. Similarly, four years ago the
consumer was paying 13c a quart for
a bottle of milk. Today, that same
consumer is paying 15c a quart for
that same bottle of milk. Those also
are figures that cannot be disputed.
In other words, as far as the pro¬
ducer and consumer of milk are con¬
cerned the situation is growing worse
every year while the big middleman
continues to get more and more.

Last year, I spoke to you about
the enormous profits of the big dis¬
tributors, the Borden Company, and
National Dairy Products Corporation
which operates in this State as
Sheffield Farms. During the years of
the depression these two milk com¬
panies doubled their profits while
at the same time, as I have above
outlined, both the producer and the
consumer became worse off. This is
not a fair and equitable situation
and I say that something should be
done about it. I did say in 1937 that
we ought to do away with Milk Con¬
trol. We only did away with it
partly. In other words, while we
took away any restrictions on the
big distributors for what they should
sell milk for in the city, the control
of prices to the farmer was gradu¬
ally increased and tightened. Today,
the Commissioner of Agriculture of
this State has just as much, if not
more, control over the farmer than
he ever had. Today, the farmer can¬
not sell a quart of milk, cannot even
give it away, except with the ap¬
proval of the Commissioner of
Agriculture and that approval is
rarely, if ever, given. In other words,
what we have in this State today
is an absolute monopoly by dealers
and department officials without any
proper regulation in the public in¬
terest. I have stated on the floor of
this House during this present session
that if you are going to create a
monopoly the least you can do would
be to regulate it and if you don't
want to do that, then you should
allow free competition. You ought
to allow the farmer to sell as much
as he can, not to regulate it to only
100 quarts on his own farm; nor
should you regulate people who want
to go into the milk business. As
Judge Finch of the Court of Appeals
said in a recent case — “here we
have an absolute denial of the right
of anyone to enter an industry
which a chosen few are allowed to
monopolize.”

I know the farmers of the State
work from early morning until late
at night, and I too know that the
amount which the farmer gets for
his milk is a mere pittance. It is not
a sufficient sum to give the average
dairyman a decent livelihood while
on the other hand thousands of
children in the cities are being de¬
prived of milk because their parents
cannot afford to pay the high prices
that the big dealers insist on charg¬
ing. I say then that it is high time
that something should be done about
the situation and the only thing that
can be done is to reduce this ever
increasing spread. If a farmer only
receives 4c a quart for his milk, I,
as a consumer, should not be com¬
pelled to pay 15c a quart, and no¬
body can satisfactorily show me that
any middleman is justified in charg¬
ing 11c a quart for bringing that
milk from the farm to the doorstep
in the city. It is all out of order
and I think it is high time that this
Legislature should do something
really constructive both for the pro¬
ducer and for the consumer of milk.

I ask for a slow roll call on my
resolution.

Mother Goat and her four one-week old kids on the farm of Chari
Collins, Schoharie County, New York . This is the second time freshen
ing of the mother , a Saanen Doe; the first time she had three kids‘

riv^Rrn dlrfUtll

to prove that you can have

HOT WATER

ALWAYS

At Much Lower Cost Than B* *

You Ever Dreamed Possible! BH

Here ... at last! ... is a portable.

Electric Water Heater that uses

slow heating, automatically con-
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to give you an abundant supply of
hot water ... 24 hours a day ... B
at a much lower operating cost than
was ever possible before. <■ -

The Dairy-Maid needs no pressure.

Fill it from faucet or pail, just as
you wish. And no expensive instal- ■■mmib 11 m 11 1 1 1 m
lation. Just plug it in! Nothing in
years has made such a tremendous
hit with dairy farmers all over Amer¬
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equipment ... at all times . . . and _ _ _ _

at the least possible expense! NEW 1941 MODEL

Heavy insulation keeps the water

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automatic control saves you DOL- J . x"1 V* *

lars* EQUIPMENT is the best

in a word ... the Dairy-Maid Elec- Guarantee of Durability . . .
trie Water Heater combines the ut- Reliability... and Performance

r.h us • ■ • <* »°ur •"•»*» <*« m.

us prove this. See for yourself. 99099990

Write for a FREE DEMONSTRA¬
TION right in your milk house. Do BABSON BROS. CO. Of N.Y.
it TODAY! 566 Spencer St., Dept. 3065, Syracuse, N.Y.

Mail Coupon for FREE DEMONSTRATION Offer!

BABSON BROS. CO. of N.Y., 566 Spencer St., Dept. 3065, Syracuse, N.Y.

Please send me your Free Demonstration Offer on the Dairy-Maid 1
Heater, together with your Easy Monthly Terms.

Name . . . . I

^JTown . . . R. F.D. ...... . State . .

DAIRY MAID
Electric
Water Heater

TIME • WORK • MONEY

EMPIRE MILKING MACHINE CO.

EMPIRE MILKER

West Chester, Pa. • 159 Brook St., Elgin, III.

Let EMPIRE solve your help problem at
milking time. Leading dairymen say
EMPIRE milks faster, with less help . . .
gets more milk.. EMPIRE is modeledafter
the natural action of a calf. Each cow
receives a comfortable, normal milking.
So easy to clean and easy to use, a 12-year-
old child can do your milking.

SEND POSTAL for facts on EMPIRE per¬
formance. Address Dept. C-8.

STANDARD OF THE BETTER DAIRIES

FOR OVER 40 YEARS

JUICE

tight:

Wood is the proven,
best material in which
to cure and keep silage.

Write today for catalog and early order
discount prices. Unadilla Silo Co.,
Box C, Unadilla, N.Y.

Agents Wanted — Open Territory

UNADILLA SILOS

BETTER ENSILAGE— LESS WORK

with Dellinger
Hay Chopper - Silo Filler

Write for bulletin.

Use this modern combination hay chopper-
silo filler for grass crops in spring and summer,
corn ensilage in fall. 4 sizes, 8 types. SKE ball
bearings, enclosed gears running
in oil. With special mo¬
lasses pump attachment
you can make hay —
rain or shine.

DELLINGER MFG. CO., 731 N. Prince St., Lancaster, Pa.

Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in your address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not he forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address labd
on your R. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

334

Ibt RURAL NEW-YORKER

r. . . . OUR NEW
DEXTER TWIN TUB
| CERTAINLY DOES
.CHANGE WASH DAY
TO WASH HOUR

both

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tubs, wrings and rinses all at
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for average family in one hour.
Gets clothes cleaner, whiter, with¬
out soaking, boiling or hand rub¬
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Dexter makes a complete line of
efficient single tub washers, too.

WRITE TODAY—*

for free booklet explain¬
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system of washing.

THE DEXTER CO.

151 N. 9th St.

P AIRFIELD, IOWA

If Ruptured
Try This Out

Modern Protection Provides Great
Comfort and Holding Security

Without Tortuous Truss Wearing

An “eye-opening” revelation in sensible and
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be yours for the asking, without cost or obliga¬
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details of the new and different Rice Method
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Support that has brought joy and comfort to
thousands — by releasing them from Trusses
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where it belongs and yet give freedom of body
and genuine comfort. For complete information
—write today !

WILLIAM S. RICE. Inc.
Dept. 64-P, Adams, N. Y.

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Willnot soil orinjure anything.
Easts all season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, Inc.,
150 De Kalb Ave.,B’klyn,N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

HHII ¥ TV for cash, infants hand crocheted

T ’ uc 1 sacques and three piece sets.

VAN WAGENEN SAGER Inc., SYRACUSE, N. Y.

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1 00 STATE STREET, ALBANY, N . Y . B
Please mail free booklet about your bank
and easy, safe banking by mail plan.

T^ame .

Address . .

City . . . State .

Wants

She wants a country kitchen;
Spacious it must be,

With a wide window opening
Close to an apple tree.

She plans her flower garden;

Tulips she will grow.

And by the kitchen door she’ll have
Marigolds in a row.

She wants a bird to sing to her,
And a plump Persian cat.

She lives on the seventh floor
In a two room furnished flat.

Edith Shaw Butler

Rural Life Sunday

This year the annual Rural Life
Sunday services, on the 18th, will
have more significance than ever be¬
fore, not only because of the need
to get back to basic things for
strength in a war-torn world, but
because in rural life itself there can
be more security than in any other
way of living. When the 4-H boys
and girls and the F. F. A’s. have a
part in these services, along with
their fathers and mothers, it makes
for real co-operation and unity, in
the family and in the community,
with the church as the center.

c. b. w.

Porch Furniture

We had a nice porch but no
furniture, so I began to wonder
what could be done about it with
little money. I went to the attic and
up the wagonhouse stairs where some
old things were stored. I found a
seat and chair from an old parlor
suite which had good springs and
a strong cloth cover. These were
cleaned up and given a good coat
of outdoor paint. The loose springs
were tied in place. Then the question
came up as to what we could use
to cover the cloth. We decided to
use table oilcloth and big black
enamel headed tacks. I purchased
a quantity of oilcloth and when
the pieces were finished we were so
pleased. The furniture is a pretty
shade of green, the oilcloth white
background, with small figures in
yellow, green and black.

Then we decided to paint some old
chairs. They had no seats, so a good
strong muslin feed bag was torn
into strips of about one inch wide.
These were woven back and forth
until good strong seats were made.
These were padded and a strong
cloth placed to hold the padding. This
was covered with oilcloth. Then a
drop leaf table was painted and
covered with oilcloth and pieces
were fastened on chair backs, and
seats. These have stood the weather
and wear for two Summers and are
good for another, as I put them
under shelter in Winter. The rain
does not hurt them and the dust is
easily wiped off. mrs. l. c.

New Jersey

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“I would like to exchange handker¬
chiefs for old buttons with unusual
and interesting designs, such as
pictures, birds, animals, etc., or
military or uniform buttons. I will
also exchange wild plants and shrubs.

New Hampshire mrs. g. t. w.

“I would like to exchange rock
garden plants, also stamps.”

New York • mrs. a. f. c.

“I like all sorts of handiwork but
am starting a collection of old
buttons.” mrs. o. A.

New York

“I would like to exchange quilt
and rug patterns with other farm
women. We are interested in mak¬
ing quilts and raising poultry.”

Pennsylvania mrs. s. r. m.

“Will some one please send me
instructions for knitting the old
fashioned fringe stitch? Will return
favor in any way desired as I have
many useful and interesting patterns
and recipes.” mrs. d. l. p.

Pennsylvania

Doll Exhibit

Those handicrafters whose hobby
is collecting dolls would have been
most enthusiastic over a display put
on by one of the large New York
department stores. There were about
5,000 dolls in the collection, some
of them, like the one that was at
least 5,000 years old and believed
to be the oldest doll in the world,
were so valuable that they were well
insured. There seems to be a great
deal of interest in doll collecting
this year and several exhibits have
been put on or are planned for, some
of them for war relief benefits, and
if one has time to study the various
national groups there is much of
historical value to be found in them.
Then there are dolls dressed in the
fashion of our own country from
the earliest days down to the present
and it is interesting to see how
fashion history repeats itself.

Perhaps there is an idea here for
a local benefit. The attics of many
an old farmhouse might yield much
in forgotton treasure. c. b. w.

Molasses for Iron

Do you know that the ordinary
molasses that you use as a matter
of course in your cooking is the
cheapest and second richest source
of iron in the whole food world?
And yet the average American diet
is deficient in iron. The nutrition¬
ists who are planning the program
of nutrition for Civilian Defense are
stressing the fact that “malnutrition
is the undefended coast line of our
human defenses.” And that is some¬
thing very serious for all of us to
think about when we are wonder¬
ing just what we, in our homes, can
do for national defense in these try¬
ing times. If the average diet you
plan for your family contains plenty
of vegetables and fruits, whole wheat
cereals and some meat, perhaps all
Mt needs is the addition of a few
tablespoons of molasses, in some form
or other, to assure the necessary
amount of iron. And certainly that
is easier than taking iron tonics.

■ A Bridal Shower

A little cart covered with a chintz
patterned crepe paper, candle sticks
with spiral roses decorating the base,
the same roses used as a favor
boutonniere, are the simple requisites
for announcing the engagement or
wedding of that dear friend of yours.
Write us for free directions for
making.

May 17, 1941

Successful Strawberry
Canning

Last Summer when selling the
surplus strawberries from our patch,

1 discovered that very many house¬
keepers had difficulty in canning
them. Some complained of poor
color, fasteless, soft berries, all at
top of can. '

These are tried and true methods
of canning strawberries, designed
especially to preserve their delicate
flavor and color.

Never Float Canned Strawberries.
— Sprinkle 3 cups sugar over 3
quarts hulled strawberries in a large
bottom preserving kettle. Shake to
distribute sugar evenly and let set
12 hours to make own syrup. Bring
to boil, let simmer 10 minutes and
pack gently into hot, sterilized jars.
Seal.

Strawberry-Pineapple Jam. — Mix

2 quarts halved strawberries with 1
large shredded pineapple. Mix in
well 3 pounds of sugar and bring
slowly to a boil. Cook gently until
thick and clear. Seal while hot in
sterilized glasses.

Old Time Strawberry Jam.— Mash
2 quarts of strawberries with 6 cups
of sugar, let heat slowly, then cook
over moderate heat for 20 minutes,
stirring often. Remove from heat,
skim and pour into sterilized glasses.

The following recipe yields a
very superior product, bright in
color and fresh fruit-like in flavor.
Only sound ripe freshly picked fruit
should be used to insure success in
these uncooked products. I pick 3
or 4 quarts, being careful that no
green tipped, soft or dirty berries
are put in, then I proceed to pre¬
serve them. Yes, it is a fussy pro¬
cedure but well worth it to have such
fresh tasting fruit for Winter use.

Strawberry Supreme. — Crush fruit
thoroughly, weigh and allow iy2
times the weight of berries in sugar.
Every berry must be crushed to
almost liquid form. Stir sugar and
berries until sugar is all dissolved.
Let stand 4 hours, stir well, and seal
in freshly sterilized jars. Sealed in
half-pint cans and stored in a cool
place they keep uncooked because
of the high sugar content but don’t
skimp on sugar, please.

A real Winter treat used as a
topping for pudding or ice cream, in
shortcake or as a jam. A surprise
filling for layer or roll jelly cake.

H. R.

Preservative Value of
Pineapple

I have had trouble keeping canned
strawberries as well as strawberry
jams. Last year I noticed that the
strawberry jams made with pine¬
apple were keeping perfectly. As I
was wondering why this was so, I
remembered that years ago when I
used to be afflicted with laryngitis,
I was given pineapple juice to help
my throat trouble. I began to won¬
der if it had some preserving value,
so this last Summer I put up all my
strawberries with pineapple and have
had much better success. We were
still enjoying the canned berries in
late Winter and the jams kept in
excellent condition.

I use pineapple in all my rhubarb
canning, using about one can of
pineapple to eight or even ten quarts
of cooked rhubarb to which sugar
has been added. When I open the
cans in Winter I usually add a little
plain syrup to improve the volume
and the flavor.

Part of a can of rhubarb and
pineapple added to a can of blue¬
berries when opened makes an
agreeable change and flavor, while
pineapple added to crushed black¬
berries when canning makes them
a delightful sauce even to those who
do not usually like canned black¬
berries. M. F. B>

Vermont

Jelly Recipes Free

If you champion jelly makers
would like to try some new recipes
this Summer, we have a packet of
six interesting ones that we will be
glad to send you if you will ask
for them, and enclose a stamped
envelope.

Women’s Exchange

Now, before the Summer rush be¬
gins, is the time to start a Women’s
Exchange. Anywhere in the country
these days you are likely to find the
Summer vacationer. And where the
vacationer goes, there grows a
market.

The requirements are simple; a
shop, articles for sale by a group of
women who want to help themselves,
one person or several, free and
willing to tend the shop.

As far as the shop goes, many a
village has a small building empty
and easily converted to the purpose.
A conspicuous, easily reached front
room, roadstand, or even a corner in
another already established store
would be satisfactory. Only see that
there is sufficient space for display
without cluttering. The shop and
stock must be immaculate, of course,
so it is wise to show only a few
articles at a time, and they must be
protected from sun and soil.

For the stock, a little thought will
bring to mind an extensive list of
articles which can be made by farm
wives, to bring in cash. Hand
knitted baby sweaters, bonnets,
mittens, leggings, shawls, separately
or in matching sets, toddlers’ romp¬
ers and suits, and older children’s
sweaters are but a few. Those who
sew especially well might do chil¬
dren’s smocked dresses, house dresses,
luncheon sets, aprons or even pot
holders. Extra fine canned goods,
jams, jellies, mincemeat and pickles
which are individual specialties have
their place as do herbs, dried, fresh-
cut, or potted. Many a farm wife
has a hand with flowers and can
supplement her income in this way
with potted seedlings or established
house plants in small, attractive con¬
tainers. There is also something of
a field for such novelties as poman¬
ders, described in The Rural New-
Yorker in the November 30 issue.
In the spice corner of a large New
Jersey department store these fra¬
grant balls sold from one dollar for
those made of small oranges, up to
two dollars and a half for those
made of grapefruit.

It is possible to manage such a
shop at first with only volunteer
help; but it is much better to pay
a sum, small though it must be, to
one person who will make it her
business and will not feel that faith¬
ful attendance is an imposition.

Each woman sets the prices on
her own articles, with the advice of
the committee. Twenty per cent is
deducted from the amount of each
sale for running expenses, the rest
being turned over to the makers at
any convenient time.

Pricing does sometimes present a
problem. The best method probably
is that used by the large department
stores. They check their prices
against competitors’ by comparison.
If possible, some committee member
should be delegated to do this job
on a trip to the nearest city. If that
is not practical, then a study of
similar articles in the large mail¬
order catalogs will be helpful. Of
course, it is only right to charge a
premium for fine quality and hand¬
work. Therefore, knitted goods, for
instance, will run 50 to 100 per cent
higher than the machine made ar¬
ticles in the catalogs. Canned
goods, pickles, etc. should be checked
in the local store for quantity as
well as quality. These too will run
well over the price of the commer¬
cially produced article — but not high
enough to frighten away the would-
be customer.

Edith Tappen Nuner

Tip for Gardeners

Take an old discarded salt shaker
(be sure the holes are large and
well cleaned out) and put the seeds
wanted in it, shake along the row.
I find this spreads them in just about
the right quantity. mrs. c. f.

Last year I had much trouble
getting small early seeds to start —
finally I remembered reading of
starting celery seed in damp
sand kept at a warm tem¬
perature until just sprouting, then
sow sand and all. I tried it with
parsnips and allowed for some seed
that wouldn’t come and I think every
seed came up at the third planting
of sand and parsnips. This year I’ll
try it for first planting on various
small seeds. N. E.

Pennsylvania

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

335

Needlework Treasures

6931 — Home Sweet Home! A colorful sampler
in cross-stitch and other simple stitches.
Pattern contains a transfer pattern of a
sampler 12x14'/2 inches; materials needed;
illustrations of stitches; color schemes.

2714 — Whirling Star — one medallion at a
time and you’ve caught this lovely design
for bedspread, cloth or smaller accessories.
It’s easy to crochet. Pattern contains
directions for medallion; photograph and
illustrations of it and stitches; materials
required.

Price of patterns 10 cents (in coin) each.
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.

Easy, “Quick Money” Contest
Offers 158 Cash Awards To Home Bakers

Simply tyittUlt

f f I LIKE THE NEW MACA YEAST BECAUSE _

_ 99 Complete this thought in 50 additional words or less

PURPOSE OF CONTEST: To induce more women to quickly
try the new improved Maca Yeast— the yeast that acts
fast and keeps without refrigeration.

Improved Maca Yeast looks different and actually con¬
tains more “active” granules of yeast but you use it in
exactly the same way to get glorious results. The granules
are larger and more uniform. Thus the splendid keeping
qualities of Maca have been further improved.

With these improvements in mind, plus the grand fea¬
tures Maca has always had— its convenience and fast
action— you can easily prepare a statement that can put
you in the running for that big first prize. So act at once.

Imagine using a yeast that gives bakings the old-fash¬
ioned flavor that everyone loves. Then add the fact that
Maca gives bakings the appetizing, smooth texture you
always seek, and saves time in the bargain! Performance
like this should inspire anyone to write an entry!

5 PRIZES OF
$10.00 EACH

AND

150 PRIZES OF
$1.00 EACH

#£K£'s m oppo/m/A//ry
1 <P£T B/G AMAgy

Paper Bags Galore

There used to be an old saying
in the South: “My! Dem folks mus
be rich, dey got so many paper
bags.” On the farm where you grow
most of your food, paper bags don’t
accumulate as fast from frequent
trips to the store as in the homes
of town and city dwellers. I sup¬
pose that is why I still feel “rich”
if I have saved plenty of paper bags
that once brought oranges and sugar
and soap To my kitchen.

But no matter how many I save,
there are always uses for more. I
used to flour the pieces of chicken
on a plate before frying and never
enjoyed the sticky plate to wash
afterwards. Now I always use a
paper bag, dumping in the full
quantity of flour, salt and pepper,
shaking well with the top firmly
closed, and then shaking the pieces
of chicken separately. They are
much more evenly floured this way.
Any seasoned flour left in the bag
is saved for the gravy.

French-fried potatoes dropped into
a stout paper bag as they are taken
out of the frying basket can be
drained and salted in one operation.
The fat is absorbed by the paper and
after the salt is dropped in, the bag
is shaken until all the potatoes are
evenly seasoned. Care should be
taken to choose a really strong bag
and not shake too vigorously as the
fat softens the bag and the contents
may go sliding across the floor.

Next to the doughnut jar, I al¬
ways keep a paper bag with a little
sugar in it because we like our
doughnuts sugared and this way one
can always freshly sugar enough
doughnuts to order, as it were.

Most of my largest paper bags are
containers for the peas and corn sold
from the Summer’s garden. The
smallest wttite, brown and trans¬
parent bags hold the few pieces of
candy or a sandwich the children
love to carry outdoors while at play.

Vermont E .J. Hutchinson

Try New Maca and Enter Contest Now

Don’t delay. Get your entry in right away. Don’t forget
that the new improved Maca acts fast — just dissolve in
lukewarm water and it’s ready to use. And remember you
can keep a supply of Maca on your pantry shelf. There
are so many advantages to using Maca that preparing
your entry will be easy ! Your grocer has the new Maca now.

FOLLOW THESE RULES:

1 Simply complete the thought:

“I like the new Maca Yeast be¬
cause _ in 50 addi¬

tional words or less.

2 Mail entries to Maca Yeast,
215 N. Michigan Avenue, Dept.
RNY, Chicago. Illinois. Each en¬
try must be accompanied by three
foil wrappers (or facsimiles) from
packages of Maca Yeast.

HINTS TO HELP YOU WIN

To write a winning entry decide what advantages of the new Maca
appeal to you most. Then complete the thought: “I like the new

Maca Yeast because - ” using 50 additional words or

less. For example, each package of Maca now contains more active
granules of yeast, so you might write about the smooth texture
Maca gives to bakings.

Or because the new Maca granules are more uniform, with bet¬
ter keeping qualities, you might write about this feature. Or you
might write about the fast action of Maca. Or the fact that you
can keep a handy supply on your pantry shelf —ready to use at a
moment’s notice.

Or you might write about the delicious old-fashioned flavor Maca
gives to bakings— how your family enjoys these bakings. Or you
might write about the combination of all these Maca advantages.

Don’t try to do any “ fancy writing.” Plain everyday language
is sufficient. And don’t think your entry isn’t good enough. Let
the judges decide that. Send your entry now.

3 This contest closes at Mid¬
night, June 15th, 1941. $500 ire
cash will be awarded for the best
letter; $200 for the second best;
$100 for the third best; $10 for
the next 5 best and $1 each to
the senders of the next 150 best
entries.

4 Entries will be judged for orig¬
inality, sincerity and aptness of
thought. Decision of the judges
will be final. Fancy entries will
not count extra. Duplicate prizes
will be awarded in case of ties.
Entries, contents and ideas
therein become the property of
the Northwestern Yeast Co.

5 Residents of Continental
United States may compete, ex¬
cept Northwestern Yeast Co. em¬
ployees, their advertising agency,
and their families.

6 Winners will be notified by mail.

DON'T DELAY— ENTER NOW
CONTEST CLOSES JUNE 15, ’ 41

I MAY BUY READY¬
MADE CLOTHES,
BUT I SURE HAVE
MY COFFEE
CUSTOM GROUND

SAME HERE, MY
WIFE BUYS THAT
SWELL A&P COFFEE
TOO!

Custom Ground coffee is A&P coffee correctly
ground for your own coffee pot.

itStfSS

AT ALL A&P FOOD STORES

336

1 The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

WRITE FOR

FREE SAMPLE

General Laboratories Div.,

Penns/lvonia Salt Mfg. Co., Dept. RNY
Widener Bldg., Phila., Po.

Gentlemen:

Send me FREE sample bottle of B-K
Powder, germ-killing agent for sanitizing
milk equipment.

NAME _

ADDRESS

WELL BRED/^WEIX BREEDERS’"

Wehave the facts —

and we have the evidence why HALL’S
CHICKS should make more money for
you. There isn’t room here to tell the
Story but you’ll find it set forth clearly
in our 24 page catalog. It’s yours
for the asking.

SEND FOR YOUR FREE COFY TODAY
Hall Brother* Hatchery Inc., Box 60. Wallingford, Conn.

QUALITY
CH ICKS

CL6CTRICALLV HATCHED

Hatches Monday & Thursdays. Str. Pits. Ckls.

Catalog Free. Cash or C. O. I). 100 100 100

Large Hanson Str. W. Leghorns. ,$6.00 $12.00 $2.00
Bar. & W. Rox, R. I. REDS.... 7.00 10.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 8.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 5.50

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE XJDGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

White Bocks . 6.00 9.00 5.00

B. Ply. Rocks & It. I. Reds - 6.00 9.00 5.00

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 10.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.00 5.50

CHICKS

Hanson & Pa. R.O.P.
Foundation Leghorns,
250 to 300 egg record
matings, BWD Tested,
Unsexed Pits. Ckls.
100 100 100
. . , .$6.00 $12.00 $2.00

N. H. REDS . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Mixed. 80% Heavies Gt’d _ 6.00 8.00 5.00

Cat. of Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write.
Shadel Poultry Farm, Rt. 5, MeAlisterville, Pa.

100% live Arrival postpaid.

Pullets Guar. 95%
ENGLISH LEGHORNS ...

C/iedd&V yiMeA! C/tvx\

VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-Sex. Pullets Ckls

Large Type Hanson 100 100 100

S. C. White Leghorns . $5.50 $11.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Bocks, R. X. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.50

Direct New Hampshire Reds .. 8.50 12.00 6.50

Red-Rock Cross . 7.00 9.50 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Sexing Guar. 95%
accurate. Order direct from adv. or write for FREE cat,
Chester Valley Hatchery, Box R, MeAlisterville, Pa.

BnumcmniR5 mm

Cash or C. 0. D. Post Paid Unsexed Pits Ckls

95% True to Sex 100 (00 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Buff Orps., W. Wy., N. H. Reds ... 7.50 10.50 6.50

Jersey White Giants . 9.00 12.00 9.00

Lamonas (Dual Purpose Breed) . 10.00 20.00 4.00

Heavy Mixed. .$5.75-100; Heavy Cockerels. .$6.00-100,
All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

100% del. Cash or C.O.D. Free Cir. Hanson or
'English Sexed Leghorn 100 500 1000

Pullets (95% guaranteed) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Hanson or English Wh. Leghorns.. 6.00 30.00 60

Special Mating Leghorn Pullets.... 13,00 65.00 130

Barred & Wh. Rocks & Reds _ 7.00 35.00 70

Breeders Blood Tested. H. Mix $6: Leg. Ckls. $1.80.
NIEMOND’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY.
Norman Niemond, Box R, MeAlisterville, Penna,

Wonderful Success

Raising Baby Chicks

Mrs. Rhodes’ letter will no doubt be of ut¬
most interest to poultry raisers who have
had serious losses raising baby chicks.
Read her experience in her own words :

“Dear Sir : I see reports of so many
losing their little chicks so thought I
would tell my experience. My chicks,
when hut a few days old, began to die by
the dozens. I tried different remedies and
was about discouraged with the chicken
business. Finally I sent to the Walker
Remedy Company, Waterloo, Iowa, for
a 50e box of Walko Tablets. They’re
just the only thing to keep the chicks
free from disease. I raised 700 thrifty,
healthy chicks and never lost a single
chick after the first dose.” — Mrs. Ethel
Rhodes, Shenandoah, Iowa.

You Run No Risk

Buy a package of Walko Tablets today
at your druggist or poultry supply deal¬
er. Give them in all drinking water from
the time chicks are out of the shell. Sat¬
isfy yourself as have thousands of others
who depend on Walko Tablets year after
year in raising their little chicks. You buy
Walko Tablets entirely at our risk. We
guarantee to refund your money prompt¬
ly if you don’t find them the greatest
little chick saver you ever used. The
Waterloo Savings Bank, the oldest and
strongest bank in Waterloo, Iowa, stands
back of our guarantee.' Sent direct post¬
paid if your dealer can not supply you.
Price 50c and $1.00.

WALKER REMEDY COMPANY
Dept. 692, Waterloo, Iowa

PULLETS

Protect
YOUR

VACCINATE with**
nrrsTTlU.S. Licensed

LiadJr vaccines

FOR

ACH
DOSES

The cost is so small that
it docs not pay to risk
loss of your birds and
egg income.

TRACHEITIS &

FOWL POX

Can Only Be Prevented

Once a bird is diseased, it
is too late! WENE U. S.

LICENSED Vaccines are produced by one of
America’s outstanding pathologists who pioneered in
discovery of Tracheitis and Fowl Pox Vaccines at
leading U. S. universities.

FREE!

A valuable brochure
on poultry diseases,
written by Dr. G. S.
Gibbs, B.S., Ph D.,
D.V.M. Internation¬
ally known scientist,
veterinarian, and
practical poultry-
man. Write today.

ACT

WENE Fowl Tracheitis Vaccine
(Chick Embryo Origin) — IDO doses,
TODAY I 82.50; 500 doses, $10.00. WENE Fowl
I V WH I . pox vaccine (Chick Embryo Origin)
100 doses, 75 cents; 500 doses, $3.00. Produced under
U. S. Veterinary License No. 209, issued by U. S.
Dept, of Agr. FREE BOOK on Poultry Diseases—
send postcard. Dealers Wanted.

WENE POULTRY LABORATORIES
Dept.V315-E, VINELAND, N. J.

PRODUCTS OF
SCIENTIFIC MERIT

Disinfectants
and Insecticides

CRESANOL (Disinfectant and
Dip, Coeff. 6) • WHITPIN E
_ _ _ (Pine Disinfectant for Incuba¬
tors) . HYDRO L (Litter Spray Concentrate for Coc-
cidiosisGontrol). WHITMOYER INCUBATOR FUMI-
GANT-KLOREX (Concentrated Hypochlorite Powder)

• WHITOLINEUM (Red Mite Paint) . ROOST
PAINT (Nicotine Compound for Delousing Poultry) .

Poultry Disease Treatments

PROTOSEP (Flock Treatment for Coccidiosis) •
PROTO-TABS (Intestinal Antisepticand Astringent)

• AMYTHOL (Spray for Colds and Roup) • PIK-
REM (Blood Soluble Anti-Pick) • VERMEXTABLETS
(“Two-in-One” Worm Tablets) • OVUMIX (Tonic
and Flock Treatment for Worms.)

Write for prices and full details.

WHITMOYER LABORATORIES, lnc.MacnSrsms

Box 7 « MYERSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA

HENS NEED

Calcium-Grit for Better Egg Shells^

Calcite Crystals

—A Crystal-Hard Grit for Grinding
Costs so little, does so much

^Ask your Feed Dealer or write ^
“Calcite Crystals” Box 126
Newton, N. J.

¥kill those rm 1 .rj

Apply Avenarius Carbolineum JJJLXJ

- in the poultry house once a year. Kills,
ffiff keeps out mites, blue bugs, fowl ticks. GUARANTEED.
sootier

m CARBOLINEUM CO., Dept. 210 Milwaukee. Wis.

Chicken Cannibals

All chickens are born cannibals,
and if given a chance will work at
it. Personal injury to one is the
center of attraction for the “gang”
— result, a dead or badly injured
chicken. As a matter of fact, it seems
evident that the sense of feeling is
poorly developed in a chicken, be¬
cause when one is injured it will
stand still and pick and injure it¬
self.

The Early Bird

We have always believed that the
early bird catches the worm. Well,
sometimes they catch it “in the
neck.” We once had a lot of fine
White Leghorn cockerels in an or¬
chard, and as is their habit they
roosted in the trees. We started
losing some of the birds every day,
and we were suspicious of some
animal of prey at work. So, to find
out about this loss we made it our
business to arrive at the range be¬
fore daybreak. Imagine our surprise
when we found that the earliest
birds to jump down from the trees
and crow were pounced on by the
later to rise, and our early birds
got it in the neck, so to speak, from
the late rising cockerels.

Many have said they believe that
cannibalism is inherited. If this is
strictly so — why is it that, of sev¬
eral people purchasing chicks from
the same breeder — one op two may
have feather picking and the others
will not have any trouble? It seems
quite evident that certain breeds are
more cannibalistic than others. Possi¬
bly it is due to color of plumage,
although this might be hard to
demonstrate.

Inherited Slow Feathering

However, what is important from
a breeding standpoint is the rapidity
and completeness of feathering. If a
chick feathers completely at an early
age less trouble will be experienced
with cannibalism. Slow feathering
chicks, the backs of which supply
for a long time nice juicy pin feathers
full of blood, are choice specimens
for cannibalistic attacks. Inasmuch
as slow feathering is definitely in¬
herited, you might say that canni¬
balism is inherited, but I am sure
you would have a lot of trouble
pi’oving it. In about five years, you
can change over a slow-feathering
strain to a rapid-feathering one,
and wipe out one of the chief start¬
ing points of cannibalism in chicks.

Cannibalism in Chicks

The chief causes of cannibalism
in chicks are due to:

1. Inherited slow feathering.

2. Mechanical injury.

3. Faulty management.

4. Improper feeding.

5. Overci'owding.

Mechanical Injury

In the mechanics of brooding there
are many ways for chicks to become
injured. Feed hopper grids, faulty
drinking fountains, cracks in the
floor, wire floors under feeders or
waterers, or any other defective
piece of equipment, may result in
physical injur-y to chicks. Any in¬
jury sufficient to draw blood may
start picking and cannibalism. Many
times chicks get caught in the feed
hopper, and when trying desperately
to get loose, let out a “plaintive,
peep.” This calls the attention of
the other chicks, and picking starts.

Faulty Management

Faulty management of growing
chicks results in starting cannibalism
that may persist throughout the lay¬
ing year. Lack of sufficient feeding
space, direct spots of sunshine caus¬
ing chicks to bunch up, irregularity
of feeding, lack of feed for too long
a period, lack of water, are a few
of the more obvious things that may
start trouble.

Improper Feeding

Recent experiments conducted by
G. E. Bearse and co-workers at the
Western Washington Experiment Sta¬
tion are of special interest. In study¬
ing the comparative results with
several thousand growing pullets, they
report that under conditions of
their experiments that: (1). High
corn rations have never failed to
produce feather picking and pick
outs. (2). High wheat and barley
rations have also produced plenty
of picking. On the other hand, high
ground oat rations and ground oat
hulls and oat mill feed rations fed
at the same fiber level have definitely
(Continued on Page 339)

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 109 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2.00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Bocks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
It. I. Beds, Itd-Koek Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Beds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms- Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Keliable
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R. MeAlisterville, Pa.

WAYSIDE FARM

S. C. Rhode Island Reds, exclusively. Our chicks
have given complete satisfaction to hundreds of
customers; their repeat orders year after year
prove it. They might do as well for you. Think it over.

33 a to y Cfi RA Per
Cliiclis 3.00

Satisfaction guaranteed. Circular.

WAYSIDE FARM, J. C. Smith, Prop.

R. D. 2, Box R, Middletown, New York

BABY CHICKS

Sexed or Started

PULLETS and COCKERELS

From Old Hen Breeders. Rugged,
Large Size. Large Eggs, Heavy Lay¬
ing Leghorns. Send for circular.

LCKERT LEGHORN FARM
Phone 421 East Moriches, N.Y.

Stuck9 s Quality Chicks

100% live delivery. 100-Str. 100-Plts. 100-Ckls.

Large Type W. Leg . $6.00 $11.00 $2.00

N. H. Red Special ...... 9.00 13.00 6.50

Bar. & Wh. Bocks . 6.50 8.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.50

STUCK’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY.
H. N. Stuck. Prop., Box R, MeAlisterville. Pa.

SPADE’S QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Monday & Thursday Non-Sex. Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% Guaranteed 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C.' W. Leghorns . $6.00 $11.00 $1.50

Barred & White Bocks . $6.50 9.00 6.50

All Free Range B. W. D. Bloodtested Breeders. 100%
live delivery Post Paid. Order from ad or write
for FREE Catalog. J. S. SPADE POULTRY FARM,
Box R, MeAlisterville, Penna.

A, W. ULSH'S t-HIJ'j'IM:* CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large White Leghorns.., . $6.50 $12.50 $2.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

N. H. Reds, W. Wy., Bf. Orps... 7.50 10.50 7.50

H. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Post’pd. Sex 95% ae.

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

haol!ywood White Leghorns

R.O.P. Sired Chicks at Low Prices. Write for
Free Catalog describing our Bloodtested Breeders.
Heavy producers of large white eggs. Chicks
as low as $6.50-100; Pullets $13-100; Cockerels
$2-100. Also 4 week Old Pullets $25-100.
C. M. SHELLENBERGER, Box 34, Richfield, Pa.

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Bocks, B.I. Reds . 6.50 8.50 5.00

Mixed $5; H. Mixed $5.50-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R, McALISTERVILLE, PA.

McLoughlin Leghorn Chicks

Progeny-test bred. 7-time New York
R.O.P. champions with average produc¬
tion records of 257, 253. 256, 258, 266.
261 and 262 e<r"S. U. S. Pullorum
Clean. Free catalogue,

McLoughlin Leghorn Farm, Chatham Center, N. Y.

QUALITY CHICKS

Utility Leghorns and Heavy Assorted . $6.00

A. A. GRADE LEGHORNS . 6.50

N. H., R. I. Reds, Barred and Wh. Bocks _ 6.50

A. A. SEXED LEGHOBN PULLETS . 11.50

Heavy Pullets . 8.50

Leghorn Ckls. $1.50-100; Heavy Cockerels . 5.00

Plum Creek Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Sunbury, Pa.

SANDY KNOLL CHICKS

100% live del. Postpaid. Large 100 500 1000

Type S.C.W. Leg. Pullets (95%) . .$12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Leghorns . 6.00 30.00 60

Day Old Cockerels . 2.00 10.00 15

Rocks $6.50-100: N. H. Reds $7-100; Catalog Free,
Sandy Knoll Hatchery, Box 73, MeAlisterville, Pa.

f mniME

WORLD'S oldest laying strain.
R.O.P. State Supervised. “One
Satisfied customers circle the
Youngsters. MODERATE PRI-

Parks & Sons. Altoona, Pa.

■■■■■■ ldiiu. uaigo uaia luatcu >viui n.u.r. iviaies.

Every Breeder Bloodtested, Prices Straight Run $6.50-
100; 95% Pullets $13-100; Cockerels $2-100.

Cir. Free. North Side Poultry Farm, Box R. Richfield, Pa.

Officially blood tested. ]
Breed— Bred Right",
globe. Eggs— Chicks &
CES. Catalog: FREE. Jc

MOTTLED ANCONA CHICKS

Progeny Tested Leghorns

Trapnested, pedigreed, pullorum clean. ALL OLD HEN
BREEDERS. Day old chicks, day old pullets, 4 weeks
pullets. Lowest prices in 25 years. Free catalog.

WILLOW BROOK POULTRY FARM
Allen H. Bulkley &. Son, - Odessa, New York

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish. Crosses; Poults, Guineas.
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

DR. ROMIG’S p testk»m CHICKS

Bar. or Wh. Rocks, Wh. Leghorns $7; New Hamp. $7.50;
Rcd-Rock Cross $8; W. Giants $9; Lt. Brahmas $9.50;
H. M. $6; W. Leg. Pits. $13; W. L. Ckls. $1.50. 100%
live arrival Post Paid. Circular. DR. F. C. ROMIG.
Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania

we-do-it-with-s-q-u-a-b-s

RICE FARM, 205 H. St.. MELROSE, MASS.

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

337

The Wool Labeling Act

This Federal Act, approved, Octo¬
ber 14, 1940, to be effective nine
months thereafter, authorizes the
Federal Trade Commission to make
the rules and regulations necessary
for enforcement of the act. Some of
these rules now under consideration
are:

Each and every wool product sub¬
ject to the Act shall be marked by
a stamp, tag, label, or other means
of identification, in conformity with
the requirements of the Act and the
rules and regulations thereunder.

The marking of wool products
under the Act shall be in the form
of a stamp, tag, label, or other
means of identification, showing and
displaying upon the product the re¬
quired information legibly, con¬
spicuously, and nondeceptively. The
information required to be shown
and displayed upon the product in
the stamp, tag, label, or other mark
of identification shall be: (a) the
fiber content of the product; (b) the
maximum percentage of the total
weight of the wool product of any
non-fibrous loading, filling, or
adulterating matter; (c) the name of
the manufacturer of the product.

The stamp, tag, label, or other
means of identification shall be such
as is appropriate to the nature of
the product and shall be affixed to
the product securely and with suffi¬
cient permanency to remain thereon
in conspicious, clear, distinct, and
plainly legible condition throughout
the sale, resale, distribution, and
handling incident thereto, and shall
remain and be on the respective pro¬
duct when sold and delivered to
purchasers and purchasing consum¬
ers thereof. Where these require
ments are met, the stamp, tag, label,
or other means of identification may
be affixed by having the required
information stencilled, imprinted, or
branded upon the product itself, or
placed thereon in the form of a
strong, durable label securely sewed
or stapled to the product or other¬
wise securely attached thereto, or
by a strong, durable tag securely
tied to the product.

Stamps, tags, labels, or other marks
of identification which are insecurely
attached, or which in the course of
offering the product for sale, selling,
reselling, transporting, marketing, or
handling incident thereto are likely
to become detached, indistinct, ob¬
literated, illegible, mutilated, or in¬
conspicuous, shall not be used.

Except where another name is re¬
quired or permitted under the Act,
the respective common generic name
of the fiber shall be used when nam¬
ing fibers in the required infor¬
mation; as for example, “Wool,”
“Reprocessed Wool,” “Reused Wool,”
“Cotton,” “Rayon,” “Silk,” “Linen,”
“Horsehair,” “Rabbit Hair.”. Words
or terms in the required information
descriptive of fiber content shall
not be abbreviated or designated by
the use of ditto marks, but shall be
spelled out fully.

Except in instances where other
form of marking is specifically au¬
thorized, the stamp, tag, label, or
other mark of identification shall be
attached to and appear upon each
garment or separate piece of mer¬
chandise subject to the Act, irrespec¬
tive of whether two or more gar¬
ments or pieces may be introduced
into commerce, sold, or marketed
together or in combination with
each other.

Starting Sheep Flock

What is the best way to start a
flock of sheep? What kind of ram
would I need? Would I have to get
a new ram by the time his offspring
would be ready to breed? h. h. m.

New York

For lamb and wool production on
a commercial scale it would prob¬
ably be more satisfactory to found
the flock with grade ewes. Western
ewes carrying considerable fine-
wool blood are hardy and well
suited for such purposes. Some live¬
stock company at the Buffalo Stock
Yards, East Buffalo, N. Y., could
purchase these for you in the Fall,
when most such shipments arrive.
A good purebred registered ram of
any of the mutton breeds would
make a desirable ram to use on these
ewes, any of the breeds such as
Shropshire, Hampshire, Southdown,
Oxford, or Suffolk would be satis¬
factory. It would be best to use a
new ram when the first ewes arrive
at breeding age from the first cross,
using preferably a ram unrelated
but of the same breed. r. w. d.

Probable Mange

I bought some grass calves last
Fall and two of them evidently had
mange. They gave it to nine others
that I put them in with. I called
it barn itch and doctored it for
same. Now a cattle dealer tells me
that it is mange. If I turn them in
a pasture with other cattle this
Spring are the other cattle liable to
get it and is it liable to occur next
Fall? A. E. E.

New York

Nicotine dips are good as a remedy
for cattle mange. Black Leaf 40
which may be purchased in most
drug or supply stores is suitable for
this purpose. Lime-sulphur dips are
also effective; they are handled by
most local supply or drug stores.
Directions are furnished with these
products. Contact in the barn, or in
pasture would probably cause the
mange to spread throughout the en¬
tire herd. It would remain until the
small mites causing the condition
were killed. r. w. d.

Ringbone Treatment

My horse is getting a ringbone on
his right hind leg. Is there any
remedy that I could use to cure it?

Pennsylvania f. b.

Once ringbone or other bony
growths and deposits such as bone
spavin, sidebone and other similiar
forms are established there is no
cure for them. They may be re¬
lieved some by rest and using strong
liniment or blister applications. If
fired by a veterinarian it may help
some to relieve the lameness, but
the actual bone deposit will still
remain. r. w. d.

Horse Has Cold

I desire a remedy for a cold in
a horse. M. J. c.

Massachusetts

Remedies which have been found
to be of benefit in colds are to keep
the animal blanketed and out of
drafts. Use light feed such as equal
parts oats and wheat bran, dampen
with a little warm water and sprinkle
two tablespoons of salt over this
feed. Do not feed dusty hay; use
only best quality. Keep the horse
bedded warm and dry. r. w. d.

• :-.v

Questa 5th, Aberdeen- Angus cow owned by Clayton C Taylor, Lawtons,
Erie County, New York, and the dam of several of the young animals in
his present herd. She is a granddaughter of the International Grand Cham¬
pion bull. Quality Marshall.

MODERN
FARM WAGONS

Most useful wagons you can
buy. Handle every hauling
job. Modern all-metal con¬
struction. Steel Wheeled
Model with touglv, hot-
formed wheel rims. Air-
Tired Model furnished when
desired without tires and
tubes so owner can use old
auto tires at a big saving
in cost.

O □

tj O

v TJ
a a

| “

o □

> V)
r— u
O "
CO >

*: 2
a.

0) _

a n

- sy
O %

_E a
ec

rpHE yieIding spiral reel of these fast
working light draft rakes, sweeps clean
without skipping, bouncing or digging. The
patented double-curved teeth turn the cut¬
tings end-for-end and airfloat them into a
tall fluffy windrow with the tender protein-
rich leaves towards the inside. Curing time
is shortened; desirable color is retained and
valuable nutritive elements are saved. Re¬
versed for tedding, this machine gently
aerates hay without shattering it. NEW
IDEA Haying Machines are built to give
you better hay at lower cost. See them at

your dealers; or write for free folders today.

New Idea, /nc.

Factories: Coldwater, Ohio
Sandwich. Illinois

. . . and make your crops PA Y

Dollar for dollar, you get more
thorough spraying for your money
with Iron Age high pressure sprayers.
Heart of this low cost crop protection
is the slow speed, long life Victory
pump . . . built in five sizes — 6,
10, 14, 20, 37 GPM capacities — for
working pressures up to 1000 lbs. PSI.
You’ll find the Iron Age Sprayer you
need for your crop in this new
catalog. Write for it today.

A. B. FARQUHAR CO., Limited

1415 Duke Street, York, Penna.

WRITE TODAY foe t r«« booklet on how to Icokfrooi your
roof at low cost uiiag Hit old rcliobfa American
\«\ Liquid Roof Ccm«nf — gua ranteed. Can ploco re*
Itabic man to toke orders several Counties-— good
viSZ'' pa v— -permanent. Write today.

American Oil St Paint Co., Dept. B. Cleveland. 0.

KINKADE GARDEN TRACTOR

and Power Lawnmower

A Practical Power Plow and Cultivator
for Gardeners, Suburban!

Truckers, N

Low Prices - Easy Terms
American Farm Machine Co.

1065 33rd Av. SE. Minneapolis, Minn,

5 H AW P^py ^/'GARDEN TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for homo gardens,
poultry and fruit ranches, estates, green
houses, mowing parks and cemeteries, etc.

Air-cooled motor. Other oirve up to 8 H.

Write for 10 DAY TRIAL OFFER. LOW

PRICES and FREE CIRCULAR. SHAW _

IMFG. C0..47PS Front St.. Gatosburg, Kansas.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiimiiiiMiiiiiiiiimiii

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

'THE book relates many of his unusual exper-
iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It 19 an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of the family.

Price $2.75 Postpaid

New York City residents add 2% for Sales Tax
For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

iiniiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiimii

SAVE m . GRANGE

Before you invest in a silo, investigate GRANGE ex¬
clusive construction features that help you conserve
profits, avoid losses in nine ways. You can fill your
GRANGE and remove silage faster and easier. More
storage space for your money, too. Plan an extra silo
now to preserve for winter, the June-fresh succulence
and vitamin content of summer grasses. Be sure it’s
a GRANGE ! Backed by 26 years experience.

Tear out coupon today
and mail for helpful

FREE BOOKLETS

GRANGE SILO CO.

Dept. E-5, Red Creek, N. Y.

Please send me your free booklets
on "Grass Silage" and “ Grange Silos."

NAME .

ADDRESS

n«aa»4

338

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Says Fred Hunt,
Falls, Pa.

'/ have been
using a Prime Con-
iroller for three years. It has
paid for itself many times over
in money saved and peace of mind
and I do not hesitate torecommend it.'

Records prove — you do

SAVE

with the SAFE

PRIME

Electric Fence Controller

— holding all of your livestock,
all over the farm, all of the time

Successful use for years on thousands
of farms proves Prime’s power to hold
stock. Underwriters' Laboratories Seal
on A. C. models answers all questions
of safety. Also economical battery mod¬
els. This season, cut costs, save time,
work, pasture — • with Prime,

See your Prime dealer.

The Prime Mfg. Co.,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

On all

Prime A.C.

Prime

Controllers

YOU GET MORE FOR .
YOUR MONEY IN A FOX!

ECAUSE THE FOX doe* more kind* of work—
* does them quicker and better. The FOX stand*
head and shoulders over other silo fillers in making On**
Silage. Also makes better Com Silage, Chops
Hay, Straw, makes Alfalfa Meal, Shreds
’ Fodder, is used as a Grain Blower.

In the FOX you get field'proven
dependability— ease of operation-
many exclusive time and
labor-saving features.

LIGHT

\ftUHN/MG

SILO FILLERS
HAY CUTTERS

kW FOX RIVER TRACTOR COMPANY

1 191 N. R.nkln Str««t . APPLETON, WIS.

At, 9 Msnulsctursrs FOX Combination P/ck-up CllttW,
Grass and Corn Glint* Hsrvsstts

Market Exchange

_ _ _

STEADY WORK-GOOD PAY

m M ■■ M ^ 1 k 1 r Free, How to keep cider

IiIIIbk 1 1 It/E *■ sweet, make vinegar quick-

llllirri 8 1 111 I ■ ly. money from cull apples.

WlWfcll 1 ■ "•■-I Presses. Graters. Filters,

Supplies. PALMER BROS., COS COB, CONN.

RATH ROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
D Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue R. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25c.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

CAN USE

FANCY EGGS

BEST PRICES PAID
BOVERS & ROSENBLUM
2298 12th Ave. New York City

• OLIVE HOGSHEADS*

The only Hogsheads now obtainable, may cease arriving
from Europe at any time. Buy your supply now. I ship
from New York. Henry A. Thorndike, Newport, R. 1.

3j1vo Poultry w axitodL

KRAKAUR POULTRY^ COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

■ m mg ■ Highest Cash Prices Paid for Wool. ■

1 m M\M ■ ■■ ■■ We Pay Freight Charges. Ship to— 1

1 VV Wk SOKALNER BROS., Trenton, N J 1

\\T f WANTED. Montgomery Worn**

VV W Ms Mill*, Inc., Montgomery, N. Y.

QUILT PIECES: 75 large, assorted, tubfast prints 25c.

M. VandenBerg, Box 358, Grand Haven, Michigan

THE GLADIOLUS

By Forman T. McLean

A new book for the home gardener.

D*>iro4>0 ftflNew York City resi dents
rr ILC^A.V/V add l°/o for Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street New York City

Notes from a Hillside Farm

Spring is with us again with its
accompaniment of swelling buds,
piping frogs and blooms of snowdrop,
crocus, trailing arbutus and blood-
root. As usual on a farm that does
not specialize in one line of farming,
there is quite a variety of work at
this season. There is a little graft¬
ing of apple trees to be done. We
shall set scions of Cortland and
Northern Spy with a few Graven-
steins this Spring. Besides this, there
are pruning and spraying in the
orchard, repairing fences and fertil¬
izing the pastures for the livestock,
preparing' the ground and planting
the crops and brooding and caring
for the chicks that will be the laying
flock next Winter. A few other jobs
such as working up the woodpile,
making a few repairs to the build¬
ings and attempting the improvement
of the home grounds, insure that un¬
employment will not become a per¬
sonal problem for some time.

The ground did not freeze very
deeply last Winter and roads came
through in better condition than
usual. Shallow frost in the ground
also meant that we could begin work
earlier on the soil. Fruit trees came
through the Winter without injury.
Shrubs and perennial plants also
came through in better shape than
usual.

Are our Winters warmer than they
used to be? In a supplement to a
recent apple market report issued
by the Division of Markets of the
Massachusetts Department of Agri¬
culture, two graphs are given show¬
ing the mean annual and Winter
temperatures at Boston for the last
hundred years. These graphs were
prepared from the Weather Bureau
records at Boston, the graph show¬
ing mean Winter temperature cover¬
ing the months of December, Janu¬
ary and February. They show that
the mean Winter temperature of the
last 50 years was definitely higher
than that of the first 50, with the
mean Winter temperature of the
last 20 years higher than that of
any other equal period during the
century. They also show that the
mean annual temperature has fol¬
lowed the same trend. After such
great variation was noted, records
were checked with the New Haven,

Conn., Weather Bureau records and
the same trend was noted there. The
regularity and accuracy with which
Weather Bureau records are taken
leave no reasons for doubting the
correctness of this conclusion. Per¬
haps, some day, scientists will tell
us why the temperature here in
New England is rising.

The canning factories are offering
two cents a pound for cut corn this
year; this is a little more than last
year but compares with four and
one-haif and five cents a pound dur¬
ing and just after World War I. The
factories furnish seed of heavier
yielding varieties than were grown
at that time/ This heavier yield helps
to offset the lower price.

Fewer chicks are being started
locally than for two years past. Prac¬
tically all being raised are from
pullorum tested stock. Since the prac¬
tice became general of buying day-
old chicks from good producing
flocks instead of hatching them from
eggs from the farm flock, there has
been a marked increase in egg pro¬
duction from the flocks on our farms.

Last October the Androscoggin
Valley Breeding Association was or¬
ganized and began work. There has
been a good response in member¬
ships from dairymen in this area. At
present they are handling four
breeds: Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein
and Shorthorn. This Association
affords the small dairyman the op¬
portunity to secure the service of
a high-grade sire at very reasonable
cost and should result in a large
increase in the number of high
quality dairy cows in this area in
a few years.

The use of electric fence is in¬
creasing rapidly in this locality. In
the past it has been used mostly for
temporary fencing around fields that
were being grazed and for short
lengths near the buildings. This
Spring some are installing it for
quite long stretches on the lines be¬
tween different owners. Those who
have used it agree that after animals
have run against electric fence for
a time they are more careful about
crowding on any wire fence whether
it is charged or not. h. l. s.

Maine

Countryman’s Journal

What are good cash crops for the
general farmer? A brief survey of
| southern New England shows a tre¬
mendous range. A one-man poultry
plant has an acre of raspberries; a
one-man dairy farm has an acre of
strawberries and an acre of potatoes.
A nursery grower keeps a couple
hundred hens, an orchardist has
begun to raise a few steers each year.
The point is this; in most instances
a^farm family needs more than one
line of income. A diversified farming
policy, plus many home-raised pro¬
ducts, seems to be the safest pro¬
gram. In a few years we shall see
freezing lockers right on the farm!
Then farm families can handle meats,
fruits, and vegetables efficiently and
inexpensively. A great scientist re¬
cently said that as soon as the war
is over, there will be many advances
for the benefit of farmers. He men¬
tioned such things as the lockers, a
one-man tractor outfit at perhaps
half the cost of present ones, much
cheaper electric motors, new metal
alloys for tools, less expensive
fertilizers, and increased use of
plastics from farm crops.

In the eight years we have had
“Winaleswisp” we have never be¬
fore had asparagus in April. On
April 20th there were stalks six and
eight inches high. We have three
rows of asparagus, each 80 feet long,
and to judge by the way we eat it,
you would think we’d turn into
asparagus.

For years now we have been run¬
ning three fertilizer experiments on
the asparagus. One row is fertilized
with nitrate of soda; one with 5-8-7;
one with 5-8-7 plus wood ashes. To
date, we think the last produces the
biggest and best “grass.” Our soil is
a heavy loam well filled with humus.
For nitrate we use 10 pounds for
the 80 feet, put on in three doses, in
April, May, and June. For the other
two rows, we use 80 pounds per
row, or a pound per running foot.

This is also put on in three spaced
doses.

The Latham and Taylor raspberries
have wintered well. We are thinning
out the canes so that only the big,
husky canes will be left to bear.

The kitchen garden is started: peas,
potatoes, beets, carrots and lettuce
are in. Just recently I was read¬
ing how the plant scientists are
changing the common vegetables to
suit new conditions and the modern
housewife. Our vegetables have to
appeal to the eye! There are carrots
with red hearts now, developed to
suit the canners; beans without
strings, even - sized, small - cobbed
sweet corn. The crook - necked
Summer squash has had its spine
straightened; cucumbers are stream¬
lined. There are baby limas, round
cabbages, smaller-sized baking po¬
tatoes. A lilliputian watermelon is
on the market.

New styles in fruits and vegetables
are the order of the day. Every¬
thing material seems subject to rapid
change.

But let us not forget that the in¬
tangibles are the same yesterday,
today and forever. The Golden Rule
is fundamental now, and will be a
thousand years hence. The Good
Book is inspiration and solace for
the eternal ages. Men struggle on,
haltingly and weakly, perhaps, but
ever onward. The time will come
when the battle flags will be furled
forever, and men will live by the
principles of justice. h. s. p.

Massachusetts

Useful Poultry Books

Commercial Poultry Raising,

H. A. Roberts . $3.00

How to Select the Laying Hen,
Lamon and Kinghorne . 1.25

Poultry Production,

Lippincott & Card . 4.00

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2.% Sales Tax)

May 17, 1941

More Facts About the Ham-
mondsport School Program

We very much appreciate the space
given us in your paper regarding cen¬
tralization in Hammondsport. How¬
ever, in the April 5 issue there were
some statements we wish to correct.

It is true that an attempt was made
to buy some of our petitions, and
that the sum of $1,000 was offered.
A sworn statement has been made
covering the whole deal. However,
the lady approached was not from
the Pleasant Valley district but an¬
other in this proposed centralized
area. Neither was she to leave the
petitions at the “corner store” but
with any one of three of her neigh¬
bors whose names were given as a
suitable place. These neighbors were,
and I believe now are, working for
centralization. Lastly, she did not
swear thaf both license plates were
gone as she did not see the front of
the car. The rear plate was gone.

The opposition is making the most
of these misstatements and we are
sorry they occurred, as it has a ten¬
dency to harm our cause. We believe
they are unintentional on your or the
writer’s part.

We have taken an active part in
this fight against centralization. We
have over 500 rural voters signed up
against it with more signing up, yet
the promoters of the scheme are
bound to force us to accept what they
think is best for us. We aren’t ready
yet to accept their “protective cus¬
tody.”

There have been many other things
done by the “centralizers” which to
us seem unfair and unethical. There
were meetings called by them to dis¬
cuss the matter to which the oppo¬
sition was not invited, and in some
cases did not even know the meetings
were being held. At an open meeting
held later, the President of the Board
at Hammondsport tried to stop a
speaker we brought in to give our
side of the story. The crowd insisted
that our man be allowed to speak
which he did, much to the annoyance
of the Board President.

There was also a scandal in regard
to the manner in which the pro¬
ponents of centralization secured
names on their petitions. Sworn
statements are on file charging illegal
methods. These sworn statements
were made by legal voters in the
Wayne Village District. Several
others petitioned Albany to remove
their names from these above men¬
tioned petitions. Yet we are being
told this whole plan is being carried
on in an honest manner. Just what is
honesty?

However, we are not surprised at
any of these things after reading some
of the accounts in your paper. People
from other districts which have cen¬
tralized have also told us much. It
is our opinion that any project which
cannot be brought to a successful
conclusion on its own merits, but
must resort to ti'ickery, is not even
worth considering. Thus we are op¬
posed to centralization.

Two Opponents
C. Slater and D. B. Damoth

Charles S. Phelps

This prominent educator, farmer
and farm bureau manager, died
from heart failure while fighting a
brush fire at his home, Wilton, N. Y.,
April 11.

Prof. Phelps wrote many articles
for The Rural New-Yorker in earlier
years, and of late was an occasional
contributor. He was born in 1861.
at Northampton, Mass., and would
have celebrated his golden wedding
June 10. He was next to the young¬
est of six children, and his earlier
years were spent on the farm.

After graduation from Amherst
Agricultural College, he taught four
years at Storrs, Conn., then for six
years managed a 1,000-acre stock and
dairy farm at Salisbury, Conn. For
six years he was farm bureau mana¬
ger of St. Lawrencb and Saratoga
Counties, New York. Since 1919 he
had lived on his own farm, at Wilton.
He was a member of the Grange
and justice of the peace for many
years.

Surviving are his wife, Mrs. Orra
Parker Phelps, four daughters, three
sons and several grandchildren.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

339

*# '

PULLETS

Down to

$T90

Summer

PRICES

SEND FOR OUR

CATALOG

Make a side by side
comparison of our Prices
and Quality with any other
chicks and prove to your¬
self you can -save up to
5c per chick. Our Fine
Purebred Foundation
Chicks are second to none,
regardless of price. They
are One Grade Only —
THE BEST, and come from 196,000 Blood Tested

Breeders, all Super-Culled and Hogan-Tested for
High Premium Quality Egg Records and
Big, Fast Growing Broilers. Send today for
our Amazing Bargain Prices and Catalog.

A postcard will do.

SIEB’S

Box 195,

HATCHERY

Lincoln, Illinois

• Quality breeding for more than 33 years
has given Kerr's Lively Chicks their extra
pep and vitality. When added to a flock,
Kerr birds increase the average lay and
the average income. For years they have
been in the front rank among contest win¬
ners. Blood lines carefully developed on
the large Kerr Farm. More than 120,000
breeders culled, banded and blood-tested.
• Write for Free Literature and
Advance Order Discount Offer

KERR C HICKERIES

19 RAILROAD AVE., FRENCHTOWN, N. J.

There’s a branch office near you— call today

NEW JERSEY: Jamesburg, Paterson, Woodbury;
NEW YORK: Binghamton, Blue Point, L. I„ East
Syracuse, Kingston, Middletown, Schenectady;
PENNSYLVANIA: Dunmore, Lancaster, Lewistown;
MASS.: West Springfield: CONN.: Danbury; DEL¬
AWARE: Selbyville. (Address Dept. 19).

FAIRPORT CHICKS

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . . . Parmenter Reds
Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

- n n D ciDrn 21 years of steady breeding im-

• n. u. r. alKtu provement with bloodlines from
WH. LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those

_ ..... ..... above make this year's chicks our

• LHiibs-BHtub greatest breeding values. U. S.

• SEXED CHICKS Approved — pullorum tested. Every

■■ u. a- breeder selected and banded by
m all breeds n. Y. State Dep’t. of Agriculture
official. Largest state supervised
hatchery In N. Y. We hatch the year round.

LOW PRICES — FREE CATALOG
Get low prices, breeding facts on Fairport Leg¬
horns, R. I. Reds, New Hampshires, White
Wyandottes, Barred and White Rocks. Also
Hamp-Rocks (sex-linked cross) and Bock-Hamp-
shires (barred cross) from Twichell and Lake
Winthrop strains. Write Today.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Bo* R Fairport, New York

From Large Size,

Heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks
from Blood - Tested
healthy vigorous selected stock,
for May delivery at $8.00 per 100;
$38.00 per 500; $75.00 per 1000. Sexed
Pullets $16.00 per 100; $77.00 per 500;
$150 per 1000. Cockerels $1.50 per 100.
Order from this ad. or write for Cat.

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Box R, Kleinfeltersville, Penna.

ERBSTER3

mmwim

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Postage Paid.
Will Ship C.O.D. Pnsex. Pits. Ckls.

Sexing Guar. 95% 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Br. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Rd.-Rk. Cross, S.L.Wy., N. H. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50
Bl. & Wh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas.. 8.00 11.00 8.00
Breeders Bloodtested. II. Mix $5.95; H. Mix Okis. $6.
HERBSTER’S HATCHERY, Box R, McCLURE, Pa.

Hanson Strain Leghorns

Chicks from two to four year old lien breeders. R O.P
Sired Chicks $7.-100; Pullets $14.-100. Hanson Strain
Chicks $6.50-100; Pullets $13.-100. 95% sex guarantee.
Cockerels $2.-100. Immediate delivery. Postage paid

lmiif»v0LDu „ C- M- SHELLENBERGER’S
POULTRY FARM, Box 34, RICHFIELD, PENNA

CHICKS ?ewt Hampshires, Barred Rocks. Whitt

HFCI * enui tbvTI’d^-^'I00' C.O.D. shipments,

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA,

TOXITE KILLS

Before you get your chicks, spray brooder houses with Tox-
“«• H Us disease germs, Coccidiosis. worms, red mites,

TOxIte 4Rnni"rno?rce,ii' Write for poultry book!

lOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, Md,

Chicken Cannibals

(Continued from Page 336)
curtailed cannibalism. These men
further indicate from their experi¬
ence that under certain conditions
of management, pelleted rations
seem to make chickens more liable
to feather picking and cannibalism
mortality than the same rations in
all-mash form. Inasmuch as pellets
can be eaten quickly and the mash
slowly, it is apparent that the old
adage “keep the chicks busy” is
still good feeding practice.

Overcrowding

What is overcrowding? Frankly,
this is subject to change without
notice, because what is overcrowded
to one poultryman may not be to
another. We usually recommend one-
half square foot of floor space per
chick for the first four to six weeks,
and one square foot of floor space
from that age to ten or twelve weeks.
Such an allotment of floor space
should not result in overcrowding, if
other things are all right. Over¬
crowding, as previously indicated
will result in poorer growth, more
culls and possibly cannibalism.

Cure or Prevention

Prevention is, of course, to be de¬
sired if possible. Once cannibalism
starts it is hard to stop. A thousand
and one things have been tried — a
few are here listed for possible
trial. 1. Keep birds active by fre¬
quent restricted feedings. 2. Hang
beets or cabbage so that chicks can
pick at them easily. 3. Feed grain 1
in the litter several times daily to
induce activity. 4. If hopper feeding
grain, cut it out for a time. 5. Shift
position of feed hoppers. 6, Increase
feeding of liquid or condensed milk.

7. Allow chicks access to outside
yards, and put some feeders outside.

8. Feed a bulky feed, rather than a

finely ground ration. 9. Visit the
flock often and do different things
each time to keep chicks busy. 10.
Thin out the chicks, giving more
floor space. 11. Remove cockerels as
soon as possible and put in separate
pens. 12. Clean out and renew litter.
13. If pens can be darkened, use
ruby or blue lights. 14. Use anti¬
pick grease or pine tar on affected
parts. 15. Remove injured chicks
at once. 16. Feed green food if
available. 17. Put pine boughs or
branches in pen and renew as soon
as pine needles are eaten off. 18. In¬
crease feeding space. 19. Increase
animal protein for a few days by
putting in hopper of meat scraps.
20. Maintain a regular feeding and
management schedule. 21. Provide a
"warm spot” and a “cool spot” in
the brooder house; this will induce
feather growth. 22. Induce chicks to
roost early. 23. Remove to range as
soon as possible. One or two extra
weeks in the brooder house may
result in starting feather picking and
cannibalism. 24. “Tip the beaks” as
a last resort. 25. Be eternally
vigilant. T. B. Charles

Note: If you have developed a
successful method for the control or
prevention of cannibalism in grow¬
ing chicks, I would be pleased to
hear from you.

Pick Future Breeders Now

Many poultrymen and general
farmers have formed the desirable
custom of picking out their best
pullets and cockerels very early.
Other things being equal, we want
quick growth good feathering, and
early maturity. In each flock there
are usually a few pullets and a few
males that quickly catch the* eye.
They are bigger, handsomer, sturdier
than the others. They have good
type, keen eyes, nicely balanced
head points.

If you are gradually breeding a
strain for certain qualities, it pays
to mark these special youngsters. If
you are doing business on a large
scale, make a special pen of these
best birds. If you have a general
farm flock that you are trying to
improve from year to year, toe punch
or leg band the outstanding young
birds.

Nothing can ever take the place
of inherited strength, vigor and
constitution. We need that above

TF/ien you write advertisers mention
I he Hiiral New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page. : ;

everything else today in the poultry
industry. But beyond that, begin to
watch for the future breeders that
have those characteristics you want
the flock to have. h. s. p. '

Spring & Summer Prices Slashed

an Pennsylvania

Farms CHICKS

./&up&UM&eA

PENNSYLVANIA |
i DEPARTMENT
v AGRICULTURE 7

Not For Years Have Times Been
So Ripe For Extra Egg And
Meat Profits

What a year for Pennsylvania Farms
customers! Egg and meat demand 'way
up due to National Defense and Lend-
Lease activities. Good prices guaranteed
by the Government at least until 1943.
Feed plentiful and feed prices stable.
And on top of all that, chicks of the
finest production breeding we've ever
offered. Our chicks are just the kind
you need for a late Spring or Summer
brood. But chick orders are flooding in.
Don’t delay. Write today.

BIG REDUCTIONS ON
R. O. P. SIRED STOCK

The breeding behind these chicks is based
on family records — the only dependable
method of transmitting egg production
to the offspring. For example, 2553 Official
R.O.P. White Leghorn breeding sires are in
our 1940 matings. Dams’ records from 200
to 316 eggs per year; egg sizes from 24 to
28.8 oz. New Hampshire chicks from some
of the finest bloodlines in New England.
Sires’ dams records 200 to 310 eggs; flock
averages to 244.5 eggs per year; egg
weight 26.34 oz. ; body weights to 6.84 lba.

MAKE SURE OF INCREASED PRODUCTION

SEXED DAY - OLD PULLETS AND
COCKERELS available in White Leghorns,
New Hampshires, White and Barred
Rocks, R. I. Reds and White Wyandottes.
Guaranteed 9o% accurate.

PERFECTED HYBRIDS — Hamp. Rocks,
famous sex-linked egg cross, and Bock-
Hamps, fast-growing^ broiler cross.

I.U

LOW AS

.50

per 100
“AA” Mat-
ings(NotSex-
ed) from Big
Bodied Heavy
Producers.

. . ORDER NOW!

FREE CATALOG:Tells all

about our R.O.P. Sired
Stock & Breeding Program.

ALSO SPECIAL BREED
BULLETINS FREE . . .

Contains valuable infor¬
mation. Specify breed
interested in.

— - mm uiuoa. r i uuucei i. xii.

Pennsylvania Farms Hatchery, Inc., Box R, Lewistown, Penna.

STATE SUPERVISED OFFICIAL BLOOD-TESTED CHICKS

Largest
State
Suoervised
Hatchery in
Pennsylvania

SEXED
DAY-OLD & STARTED

1WENE

CHICKS PULLETS

sSnd CREDIT

IF DESIRED

CHOICE OF MORE EGG AUCTION HOUR SERVICE
MEMBERS Than Any Other Chicksin East ^

The HIGHEST AVERAGE EGG PROFITS are
made by the members of EGG AUCTIONS. More
eggs are sold at Eastern Egg Auctions from Wene
Chicks than from any others. That’s because Wene
stock lays so many fancy, premium quality eggs. So
even if you have only a small backyard flock for your own fam¬
ily’s needs, you would still benefit by WENE chick breeding.

g/f SAVINGS on Your Favorite Breed

on many popular kinds. Bloodtested.
No order too large or too small for,
dependable service.

HATCHES EVERY WEEK
YEAR AROUND

1,800,000 EGGS
HATCHING CAPACITY

UC New ^ersey

.0. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept. 3015-E, Vineland, N.J.

WOLF' FARMERS’ FRIEND CHICKS

Now you can get WOLF “Farmers’ Friend’’ Chicks at new low nrices
large ^/"production/ A‘ Reslstered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for

P confidence from this ad. or send for FBEE GUIDEBOOK

b; Only $1.00 books your order, balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. feel

"A” “AA” “AAA”

<a p wbttn r Mating Mating Mating

, . \v nite Leghorns. . . . . . ,<6 no <7 nn eo nn

Leghorn Pullets . ,2 00 14 nit ifi nn

Leghorn Cockerels . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 I .'95 29? 'I’S?

tv’ an? V?,ar!ic<? Koi'ks. K. I Beds, and W. Wyandottes 6.50 7.50 8 50

tvL ?nd 1! ; Minoreas, Buff Orpingtons, YV. Australorp 6.50 7.50 8 50

White and Black Giants . 750 a ?n qVI

Assorted Heavies . . . . . . . . " .1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 5 95 6.50 0°

Odds - ends . . 5.45 6 00

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less ’ than' 100 add 50e to the price

WOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, GIBSONBURG, OHIO

JUNIATA LEGHORNS

Our 27th year of breeding for larger and better LEGHORNS. We keep
from 4,000 to 8,000 birds on our farm. All are of TOM BARRON strain,
weighing up to 6% lbs. All breeders are Bloodtested and are from 2 to 6 years old. Visitors always welcome*
Write for photos of farm, they are free. Chick prices low as $6.50 per 100; Pullets $13: Cockerels $2 nn

JUNIATA POULTRY FARM Box R RICHFIELD, Pa!

Ctf'AMAPLE LAWN LARGE CHICKS

BRED FOR SIZE AND EGG PRODUCTION

-Vv 't-

Extra Quality!

THUBSDAY — 100% LIVE DELIVERY POSTPAID

HATCHES EVERY MONDAY
LARGE ENGLISH

WHITE LEGHORNS . $12.00

BARRED & WHITE ROCKS

RED -ROCK CROSS . 8.50

R. I. REDS & WHITE WYA!

NEW HAMPSHIRE REDS .

HEAVY MIXED . 7.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Pullets 90% guar. Terms: Cash or C.O D
MAPLE LAWN HATCHERY. R. T. Ehrenzeller, Box R.

Pullets — 100

Ckls.— 100

Non-Sexed — :

$2.00

$6.00

7.00

8.00

5.50

6.00

Write for free Cat.

McAlisterviile, Pa.

NACE’S QUALITY CHICKS

We pay postage. Safe delivery guaranteed.

Han. or Eng. Large Type 100 500 1000

Sex Leg. Pit’s (95% guar.) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Wh. or Br. Leg . 6.00 30.00 60

•B. & W. Rox, R. I. & N. H. Reds 7.00 35.00 70

Wh. Wyand. & Buff Orps . 7.00 35.00 70

Leghorn Cockerels . 2.00 9.00 18

Assorted or H. Mixed . 6.00 30.00 60

From Free Range Flocks. Circular FREE.

J. N. NACE POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
BOX R. RICHFIELD. PENNSYLVANIA

GRAYBILL’S

HI-GRADE

CHICKS

Electric Hatched from 8L00D-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OR C. O. D. Non -sex. Pits. Ckls.

Large Type Eng. or Han- ino 100 101)

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHORNS. . .$6.00 $1 1.00 $2.00
N. 11. REDS (SPECIAL DIRECT) 9.00 13.00 6.50

Barred & White Rocks . 6.50 8.00 6 00

Heavy Mixed (SPECIAL) . 5.50 7.00 5.50

hexing guar. 95% acc. We pay all postage & guar.
U)0% Uvo del. 4 wk. old Leg. Pullets $23-100. Ship-
ped Exp. Collect. Order direct for immediate ship-
ment or write for FREE Photo Cir. & Prices. C. S.
Graybfll Hatchery, Box R, Coeolamus (Juniata Co.) Pa.

340

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

WHITEWASH in PASTE FORM

"Just Add Water and Apply"

This new “Redymixt Whitewash Paste”
is reduced with equal parts of water —
for both interior and exterior application.

Non-Scaling Non-Rubbing Waterproof

Cost You 5oc Per Gallon

When Reduced With Equal Parts of Water

Approximate covering capacity — 250 sq.
ft. on wood — 200 sq. ft. on brick — 275
sq. ft. on plaster — suitable for wallboard,
cement and cinder blocks, to decrease
transmission of light through windows,
to reflect heat from asphalt gravel roofs,
asbestos shingles, etc.

Sold by Hundreds of Dealers — You May
Order Direct if He Cannot Supply You.
Supplied in 1 to 50-Gal. Containers —
$1.00 Per Gallon — Lower Quantity Prices.

CASEIN-PIGMENTS, Inc.

Liberty St. and Hudson River
Ossining, N. Y.

2ij

f PROFIT- BRED FROM PROVEN STRAINS

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS, R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Bullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar. to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% aco. guar.
POL LETS 5000 six weeks old
For Sale Now! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Catalog It Prices. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fin gar. Owner A Manager.

BOX H. HUDSON, NEW YORK

ALGER GOLDEN HAMPS'
and ROCK - HAMP CROSS

make superb BROILER CHICKS for sum¬
mer and fall profits — fast feathering, yel-l
low flesh, short legs and broad breasts. Our
own breeders, State tested. 98% livability guarantee.
Hatches weekly. Get Catalog, Pri“|;.«„TnKI m*<jc
SANFORD E. ALGER, Jr. Box 3, BROCKTON. MASS.

COLONIAL CUTS PRICES

Hatches daily. All leading breeds. Also sexed chicks and
hybrids. World’s largest production means real cut prices on
lowest priced Standard grade up to R. O. 1 . pedigreed sired.
Chicks on CREDIT. Big colored almanac free.
COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS, Marion, Ohio

- MATTERN’S BL00DTESTED CHICKS -

bom Pullets $13; Leg. Ckls. $1.50; H. Mixed $6.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular

M. F. MATTERN. R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

BIG CHICK BARGAINS

White St Black Giants, Lt. Brahmas. $—#.95
N. H. Beds. White & Barred Bocks. .... £ f>E«
Dark Cornish 12c ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 * }Op
100 Send no Money. Chicks & Postage C.O.I). 100%
Alive. EWING’S HATCHERY, BOX 2, McCLURE, PA.

Pilch’s Sex-Linked Pullets

at LOW Order 100 to 5000. Cheterosis quality di-
SUMMER rect from our 10,000 Bird Puliorum Clean
PRICES Breeding Farm. Circular.

Box 101, Feeding Hills, Massachusetts

HAMPTON’S BLACK LEGHORN CHICKS

Live. Lay, Pay. Healthy, Hardy, Heavy Layers of Large
White Eggs. Free of disease and cannibalism. Circular
free. A. E. HAMPTON, Box R, PITTSTOWN, N. J.

ft HI five Large type Wh. Leg. $6-100; Wh. Leg.
Lnlvnd Pullets 95% guar. $12-100; Bar. & Wh.
Bocks, K. I. & N. H. Beds $6.50; H. Mix. $5.75; Leg.
Ckls. $1.50. 100% live del. guar. Postpaid. Can ship
now. Country Hatchery, Box 97, McAlisterville, Pa.

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland’s Bronze Turkey Belt

Liberal DISCOUNT on early OKDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

5000 HARDY BRONZE POULTS WEEKLY

From Bloodtested stock. Baby Beef Type. Livability.
Quick maturing! Special discounts for early bookings.

HIGHLAND FARM • Sellersville. Pennsylvania

Sure-Profit POULTS

Catalog Free. UOSEDALE POULTRY FARM, Quakertonn, Pa.

POULTS FOR SALE hatching May P27th.

Also limited number of Bronze and White Hollands
available in June and July.

C. H. Timerman’s Turkey Farm, LaFargeville, N. Y.

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS prices. Circular.

SEIDELTON FARMS. WASHINGTONVILLE. PA.

Bronze, Bourbon Red, (Royal Palm) Black Turkeys,
eggs. Poults. Elsie Hallock, Washington Depot, Conn.

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKLINGS Early Deliveries.

LAKEVIEW POULTRY FARM, Box R, Barker, N, Y.

ft IIC VI ■ aiftC Imperial Mammoth Pekins $13-100.
UULKLINu) Meadowbrook, Box R, Richfield, Pa.

DUCKLINGS — Highest quality. Lowest prices.

Lipory’s Duck Hatchery. Rt. I, New Brunswick. N. J.

OlllllllliOlllllllllUIUllllll

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : s

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The Henyard

===== By T. B. Charles =====

Poultry Partnership

We need some advice about rais¬
ing chickens on a share basis. I
work for a farmer by the month, get
house, rent and light; no fuel or
milk. There are no cows on the
place, just sheep. I am to have a
garden this Summer and may keep
a cow. My employer wants to raise
chickens with my wife on shares.
Would it be right to have him buy
all the baby chicks, and have my
wife go half on the feed bill but
not on the chicks? She will have
to take care of his part of the
chickens. Or should she go half and
half on everything? E. w.

New York

To the best of my knowledge
there is no standard agreement that
is available for your situation. How¬
ever, cost account records show that
the cost of producing broilers is
made up essentially of the following
items: Cost of chicks 19.8%; cost of
feed 54.3%; cost of labor 7.8%; fuel
cost 8.3%; miscellaneous items 9.8%.

Inasmuch as the cost of chicks is
a much greater item than labor, it
would seem entirely fair for your
landlord to buy the chicks and your
wife pay for her half of them when
the broilers are sold. In turn it
would also be fair for your land¬
lord to pay for one-half of the labor
and one-half of the fuel used. Cost
of feed would, of course, be
split equally, and could be taken out
when broilers are disposed of at
10-14 weeks, depending on the age
at which the broilers are sold. To
put this in a more concrete form,
let us assume the following cost
figures per broiler: Chicks .090, fuel
.037, feed .240, labor .036, miscel¬
laneous .045; total .448.

These figures are assumed and
will vary under different conditions
and locations, they are used here
merely to show elements of cost. On
the above basis, the items for chicks,
fuel, and feed would be split 50-50,
and your wife would get a credit at
the end of about 1.9c per broiler
for half the labor charge, plus half
of the income over the expense for
chicks, feed and fuel. It would, as
you probably know, be best to buy
sexed cockerel chicks which can be
purchased for much less per chick,
and you would get greater total
weight increase on the cockerels.
This difference in weight should
amount to at least one-half pound
per bird, with heavy breeds, slightly
less possibly with light breeds.

Crooked Breast Bones

I bought 300 New Hampshire
Reds. They grew very fast but they
have crooked breast bones. H. j. p.

New York

Crooked breast bones in chickens,
broiler age, is usually ' due to ( 1 )
improper mineral balance of the
ration; (2) inadequate Vitamin D;
(3) forcing the chickens to roost too
early; or (4) using a roost rail that
has a sharp edge, or a combination
of some or all of these factors.

As your chicks grew very rapidly
this might tend to cause more trouble
from crooked breasts if some of the
above conditions were not just right.
In order to prevent this trouble re¬
occuring, I would first check up on
the feed, as to mineral balance and
Vitamin D content; second, I would
not force the chicks to go to roost
until after 6 to 8 weeks of age, if
at all; and third, I would check up
on the roosts and see that there are
no sharp edges that might cause the
breast to become indented. Use a
flat roost such as a 1x2 in. piece
laid flat.

Early Laying

I feed my pullets a commercial
feed according to directions but I
find that they are fat and start lay¬
ing too early. Last year they started
at four months and the year before
at 4V2 months. They are New Hamp-
shires. I am feeding them all the
laying mash they can eat and 12
pounds of grain per hundred.

New York r/j.

Age at which pullets start to lay
is due primarily to two things, first,
inheritance and second, method of
feeding during the brooding and
rearing period.

If birds are fed a good ration and
are not stinted on feed, they will
start to lay in accordance with their
inherited date of sexual maturity.
However, high protein feeding may
advance sexual maturity slightly,
even though in many cases the birds
will be under-sized at first egg. Your
New Hampshires should weigh from
41/2-5 pounds when ready to lay.

There is a general practice today
to grow pullets slower. This can be
done by feeding more hard grain
during the entire growing period.
Some are providing an extra hopper
for the feeding of whole oats after
the birds are 10 to 14 weeks of age.
This will tend to cut down mash
consumption and retard growth, so
that the pullets will not come into
production so early.

Oviduct Trouble

My yearling hens lay eggs with
blood covered shells and then a
couple of days later their intestines
pass out also and I have to kill
the chickens. I have lost quite a
few of them lately. c. h.

New York

Eversion of the oviduct may be
due to inflammation of the oviduct
caused by straining in laying a large
egg. This accounts for the blood on
the shells. This is usually experi¬
enced during periods of heavy pro¬
duction, and usually when birds first
start laying. Also late in the Winter
or early in the Spring as birds just
start laying again this trouble may
recur.

Treatment after prolapse is usu¬
ally a waste of time, because most
birds will repeat the process, and
the other birds will pick out their
oviduct and intestines before you
discover them. Some people recom¬
mend that, if it is due to overforc¬
ing for egg-production, slight changes
in feeding should be made to some¬
what reduce the pressure for heavy
production. In many cases however,
this may result in upsetting things
and more will be lost than gained.

Feed a reasonably laxative ration,
or, if necessary, give the birds a
milk flush with epsom salts, or other
material. Also a fairly bulky ration
will aid in keeping the digestive
system in good working order; this
in turn seems to relieve the pressure,
and less prolapse should occur. It
is the weaker birds that cannot
stand the strain of laying a lot of
large eggs that usually die.

Ailing Hens

I have 50 White Leghorn hens
which have been producing heavily
since December. Lately I have been
losing one every few weeks. Their
combs become pale and they lose
weight, becoming weaker until finally
they die. l. h. p.

Pennsylvania

The fact that your birds have been
producing heavily all Winter would
indicate that your mortality problem
is one affecting just an individual
bird, and probably not an epidemic
type.

There are many things that may
cause comb and wattles to become
pale. Ruptured egg yolk condition
which would cause occasional deaths
in your flock very probably may be
causing a few birds to die at inter¬
vals. Many times with ruptured egg
yolk, the comb may be somewhat
purple at the base. In some cases
birds die within a few days, and
others within a week or two. Birds
with ruptured egg yolks usually die
finally with peritonitis, and on
opening the abdomen the intestines
will seem reddened and inflamed.

Leucosis or leucemia, or the so-
called paralysis complex, will also
cause the comb, face and wattles
to become pale. Losses from these
diseases however will be consider¬
able and will show big livers, tumors
and paralysis.

May 17, 1941

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,661; 2-C
I S1-566; 3-B> $1-561; 3-C, $1,391;

3"B> $1-336; 4- A, $1,261; 4-B, $1,236.

*/r Uu sales for the whole month of
andrCfh^m0Unted+ **? 206.677,871 poundl

of dm uf t W+tS a jotal. of 512,018,433 pounds
V??11 ? -,the administrator’s pool.

eenbu f°r fluid milk is 15

cents, 2714 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 34% to 35c; 92 score.

34/a.c‘> oo9 score' 34c; unsalted, best, 36c;
90 to 92 score, 34*4 to 35c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 25c; specials, 23c:
standards, 22V2C; firsts, 22c; undergrades.
21c; exchange mediums, 21c; Pacific Coast
specials, 32c; standards, 29c; mediums, 27c*
browns, extra fancy, 2514c; specials, 2314c:
standards, 2214c; mediums, 21c; duck eggs.

wUC t

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 214 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds. 114 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are the open¬
ing figures for best quality. Undergrades
and small sizes proportionately lower.
Fowls, 23c; chickens, 23c; roosters, 13c:
turkeys, 23c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 22c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 27c:
capons, 3114c; squabs, lb., 35 to 40c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.50; bulls. $8.50; cows, $7.75:
calves, $13; hogs, $8.90.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $4.50; stringbeans, bu.,
$2.50; cabbage. 114 bus., $1.25; carrots, bu.,
60c; cauliflower, crate, $2; celery, crate,
$2.50; chives, flat, 60c; dandelions, bu., 40c;
horseradish, 5-lbs.. 70c; kale, bu., 25c:
lettuce, bu., S4; onions, 50 lbs., $1.50; peas,
bu., $1.75; peppers, bu.. $2.25; radishes,
bu., 50c; spinach, bu., 70c; squash, new.
bu., $2.25; turnips, white, bu., 50c; water
cress, bunch, 3c.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.25 to $2; pears, bu., 75c:
strawberries, pt., 12c; oranges, box, $3.50
to $5.75; lemons, box, $5; grapefruit, box,
$3.50.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay. No. 1 Timothy, $20; No. 2, $18; No.
3, $15; clover mixed, $21; straw, oat $14.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 38c; eggs, 25c; live fowls, 22c:
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 26c; chickens.
29c; squabs, lb., 40c; apples, bu., $1.50;
carrots, bu., 60c; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.25:
sweet potatoes, bu., $1.75; turnips, bu., 50c.
PITTSBURGH

Butter, 34c; eggs, 23c; hens, 22c; chickens,
23c; turkeys, 22c; apples, bu.. $1.25; onions.
50 lbs., $1.60; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.50;
hay, $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12; bulls, $9; cows, $7.25; calves,
$12; wethers, $5; lambs, $14; hogs, $7.75:
pigs, $7.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11; cows, $8; bulls, $8.25; calves,
$13.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 35c; eggs, 27 c; dressed fowls,
24c; ducks, 17c; chickens, 24c; turkeys, 29c;
live fowls, 22c; chickens, 21c; potatoes, 100
lbs., $1.40; carrots, bu., 50c; lettuce, bu.,
$1.25; wool, 44 to 46c.

Eggs and Potatoes

The Agricultural Department is
recommending the following potato
and egg omelet. It sounds like- a
good way to use these good and
wholesome farm staples: 6 eggs, 6
tablespoons cold milk, 2 cups diced
boiled or mashed potato, 2 table¬
spoons fat. Beat the eggs and add
the milk; mix with the potatoes and
season to taste. Melt the fat in a
skillet, pour in the mixture, cover
and cook over low heat 20 minutes
or until the omelet has set and is
lightly browned on the bottom.

Sunday on the Farm.
r he Levi Joyal Family of Enosburg
Falls, Vermont.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

341

Milk and Dairy News

GRAVES-WHITNEY BILL MADE
LAW

Responding at last to the unani¬
mous demands of dairy farmers,
Governor Lehman has signed the
Graves-Whitney Bill, effective May
1. This new law restores to farmers
the right to sell 100 quarts of milk
a day to consumers on the farm
premises without having to obtain
State milk dealer licenses.

The action of the Governor in ap¬
proving this bill is to be commended,
particularly since it was done in the
face of a powerful opposition, an¬
nounced publicly, by all the dealers
and bogus farm leaders. Yet this is
no permanent or final solution to a
vexing problem. It is only a first
step toward the final goal of a full
restoration of the dairyman’s in¬
herent rights over his own milk.

It was in the early days of Mr.
Lehman’s tenure as Chief Executive
that laws were placed on New York’s
statute books stripping dairy farm¬
ers of their right of sale and control
over the product of their labor and
investment. That was Emergency
Milk Control. When the emergency
had passed, the price-fixing pro¬
visions of Milk Control were repealed
but the pressure of the milk monopoly
was successful in retaining those
laws that prevented a producer from
selling or even giving away a quart
of his own milk under penalty of
a fine.

Recognized as owners of the milk,
farmers are entitled to exercise all
the rights of ownership over that
milk. To limit their sales to the farm
premises or to a certain number of
quarts a day and no more, is legally
and socially indefensible. Upon proof
of compliance with reasonable health
requirements, dairymen should be
allowed to sell as much milk to as
many consumers who want it and
wherever they may be located. While
not giving the final recognition to
these inherent rights, the new
Graves-Whitney law does point in
the right direction and will give
dairymen the encouragement that is
so badly needed that the tide is at
last turning in their favor.

CONNECTICUT FARMERS OPPOSE
POOL

Dairymen in Connecticut have
organized in opposition to the pro¬
posed Milk Marketing Act which is

patterned along the Rogers-Allen-
Federal- Order setup in New York
State. A mass meeting held on
April 27 in Woodbury led to the for¬
mation of the Connecticut Dairy
Farmers’ Emergency Association for
the sole purpose of fighting the new
milk proposals, which they describe
as “conceived in Moscow and hatched
in Washington.” The Association pro¬
tests mainly against the equalization
pool and points out that under the
New York Federal Order losses have
been sustained by dairymen while
the dealer spread has continually
increased.

A second meeting attended by over
350 farmers was held on May 4 at
the Hotel Garde, Hartford, in fur¬
ther protest to convince legislators
that individual milk producers are
opposed to the bill. Heard at this
meeting were Harry F. Farnham,
member of the Legislature from East
Windsor, Everett C. Wadhams,
Bloomfield, Chairman of the House
Agriculture Committee, Ralph B.
Hemingway, North Haven, Clerk of
the Committee, and Irving P. Camp¬
bell, legislative member from Tolland.

The elected officers of the Connec¬
ticut Daffy Farmers’ Emergency
Association are: Joel Chatfield,
Seymour, president; Eugene J.
Devine, Norwalk, and Irwin C.
Atchison, Sherman, vice-pi'esidents;
Marcy I. Berger, Woodbury, secre¬
tary-treasurer. A legislative com-
mitee was appointed composed of
A. C. Petersen, West Hartford; Ray¬
mond M. Holloway, Avon; and Mr.
Berger.

In addition to their general oppo¬
sition to the bill, farmers have pro¬
tested against the endorsement of
the bill by the State Farm Bureau on
the ground that hundreds of Farm
Bureau members have publicly
stated that they have never seen the
bill nor have they authorized any
Farm Bureau officers to endorse it
in their behalf.

No final action has yet been taken
by the Legislature.

DAIRYMEN REBEL

A brief telegram from New Paltz,
N. Y. says an independent milk
dealer was refused a license, and 40
producers stormed the Commission¬
er’s office at Albany. Their prompt
protest resulted in the issuance of
a permit.

Subscribers' Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 343.

Help Wanted

COUPLE for country home of two elderly
people. Woman for housekeeping and
plain cooking. Man for garden and out¬
side work. P. O. BOX 61, Kitchawan, N. Y.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, no laundry,
family two adults, plain cooking, good
home, own room; near New York City.
DR. COOPERNAIL, Bedford, N. Y.

HELP WANTED, girl, helper, $12 month,
board, boating, fare. LOWDEN, East
Bbothbay, Maine.

WANTED — Girl for tearoom and house¬
work; eight miles from Albany. ANNA
L. BRADT, Feura Bush, N. Y.

BOY OR man wanted as assistant on fruit
, and vegetable farm. Energy and ability
more desirable than experience. $40 to $45
a month, with all keep to start. WILLIAM
M. KLING & SON, Sharon Springs, N. Y.

WANTED — Man for general farm work;

white, $40 month and keep. RUSSELL
PETERS, Cailicoon, N. Y.

SINGLE, EXPERIENCED, all around man
for modern dairy. Address, SPRUCE RUN
FARM, Clinton, N. J.

HOUSEWORKER— Neat, clean, plain cook¬
ing, serving. Two adults, two school girls.
Pleasant room, bath, radio. $50 monthly.
Write MRS. ROBERT C. TOWER, Harrison,
N. Y. giving age, weight, height, religion,
references.

YOUNG MAN wanted on farm for general
farm work. Must be good milker. $40 per
month and board. JOSEPH BABICH,
Red Hook, N. Y.

WOMAN, LIGHT housework, small chicken
farm. No cooking; good home. $20 month¬
ly start. BECKWITT, Bound Brook, N. J.

MILKER — Single man. Write BOX B,
Greystone Park, N. J. for particulars.

WANTED — Single man for general dairy
farming; good dry-hand milker. $40
monthly. ADVERTISER 1792, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GIRL. CHRISTIAN, whirte, not over 30, as
general houseworker; family two adults,
three children. Must be wilting, cheerful.
Permanent position for good worker. Write
qualifications; send picture to MRS. H. D.
HARRIS, Chappaqua, N. Y.

MIDDLEAGED couple, man farming, drive
car; wife good cook, housekeeper. Steady
job, $50 month, room and board; call at
once. NICK PAPPAS, 200 W. 50th St.,
New York. Telephone Col. 5-8720.

WOMAN, REFINED; five room house; three
in family, simple cooking. BOX 183H,
Route 1, Briarclifi Manor, Telephone Chappa¬
qua 735.

WANTED COUPLE, man for gardening;

woman for dishes and laundry in small
inn. $80 month, room and board. MRS. C.
B. NARAMORE, Newtown, Conn.

HOUSEWORKER — Two new neighboring
homes in country, each \yith two school
children, will give two young, intelligent
girls a happy home, own room. No cooking
or laundry. $25 monthly. P. O. BOX 193,
Suffern, N. Y.

SINGLE, EXPERIENCED farmei and milker;

$45 month, room and board. LOUIS
KIESLING, Bordentown, N. J.

COUPLE, 35-45., cooking, general house¬
work; private home. Man must be good
driver; $50 month. Write experience, refer¬
ences. E. R. SMITH, 50 Brookside Drive,
Greenwich, Conn.

WANTED — Single and married men, farm
workers; dry-hand milkers. House with
improvements. A. SILVERSTEIN, North
Franklin, Conn., Tel. Willimantic 466-W1.

TWO WOMEN, or married couple for private
country home, taking adult boarders nine
weeks, beginning July I. One, excellent
cook; one, help and odd jobs. No
laundry. References, salary, photo. ADVER¬
TISER 1796, care Rural New-Yorker.

HELP WANTED, small estate. Eastern
Massachusetts. Protestant couple under 50
years. Husband, handyman, gardening,
assist heavy cleaning in house, repairs,
driving license. Wife, general maid, cook
and housekeeper. Large house, family of
; two. References, character and ability re¬
quired. ADVERTISER 1797, care Rural
New-Yorker.

I WANTED — White woman (farm raised pre¬
ferred) as mothers’ helper for housework
on farm. Must be clean, quick and reliable
and not over 45. Wages $35 month, room,
board; vicinity of New York City. ADVER¬
TISER 1798, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COUPLE, childless; cook, house¬
work, some driving, care lawn. Good
characters, pleasant with children; perma¬
nent home. State salary. DR. WASHBURN,
Lake Ave., Greenwich, Conn.

FARMER, SINGLE, desires position on small
place or a caretakers’ job. Practical ex¬
perience, all around farmer. MEHREN, 20
North William St., New York, N. Y.
HOLLAND COUPLE, girl 9, Protestant;

WANTED — Married and single farmhand.

Also single man experienced in carpentry
and painting. Good living conditions and
steady year round work to satisfactory
parties. Give full particulars as to experi¬
ence and wages expected in first letter.
J. S. HOLLORAN, Cornwall, N. Y.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $45 and board. Write age, refer¬
ence, experience, weight, height. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

WANTED COUPLE, wife a competent house-
worker, man experienced automobile driver,
wages $50, good country home. BOX 151,
Bernardsville, N. J.

Situations Wanted

HOUSEKEEPER REFINED, American,
daughter 14; excellent cook, baker, can¬
ning; conveniences. References; livable
wages; permanent. ADVERTISER 1749, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EMPLOYMENT WANTED as camp counselor
by young man. Attended Temple Univer¬
sity for one year. Good references. ADVER¬
TISER 1748, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN 37, handy with tools, would
like to learn farming; American citizen;
of the Jewish faith. No boarding houses.
New York State preferred. DAVID JACK-
SON, 23-84 24th St., Astoria, L. I., N. Y.

WOMAN WANTS housework, more as ope
of the family or with business or elderly
couple: near Greenwich, Conn., or on
Long Island. ADVERTISER 1760, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Jobs for Agricultural High School
pupils on farms, estates, and care of
grounds for the Summer. Wages from $10
to $25 a month and carfare. Available for
work June 7th or after. Address: R. P.
ARMSTRONG, Agricultural Department,
Newtown High School, Elmhurst, N. Y.

BOY, 16, wishes Summer employment, small
farm. Protestant, some experience, refer¬
ences. FREEMAN TOMPKINS, 274 Bedford
Road, Pleasantville, N. Y.

WANTED BY gentleman, position as handy¬
man, care for lawns, garden, flowers, re¬
pairs, milk few cows; country estate; homey
surroundings. Snapshot and references. AD¬
VERTISER 1767, care Rural New-Yorker.

PRACTICAL MARRIED dairyman, will
manage dairy or work share basis. Refer¬
ences exchanged. ADVERTISER 1778, care
Rural New-Yorker.

STUDENT AT veterinary college desires
position for Summer on dairy farm where
practical experience may be obtained. AD¬
VERTISER 1780, care Rural New-Yorker.

HEALTHY, 13 year old boy, wants clean.

comfortable farm two months during
Summer to do light work in part payment
for board. Write price. ADVERTISER 1781,
care Rural New-Yorker.

ASSISTANT GARDENER and handyman.

Scandinavian, 37, single; wishes steady
position on private estate. References, sober,
dependable;, well liked; chauffeur’s license.
ADVERTISER 1770, care Rural New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, 17, desires
farm position; some experience. Not afraid
of work. ADVERTISER 1771, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED FARMER, with girl 11. de¬
sires caretaker or farm work; Christian.
Conscientious, thorough, no tobacco, liquor;
excellent health. Go anywhere. ADVER¬
TISER 1774, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED FARMER or herdsman.

married, two children, wishes position
where good worker and ability are appre¬
ciated and willing to pay a living wage
with good living conditions. ADVERTISER
1777, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, experienced in breeding
dairy cattle, certified milk production,
crops and pasture, improvement; excellent
references. College certificate. ADVERTISER
1787, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, 41, married, two
children; 20 years experience diversified
farming, purebred cattle; excellent refer¬
ences. $100 per month. New York or
Connecticut preferred. ADVERTISER 1788,
care Rural New-Yorker.

CHRISTIAN, CULTURED, American lady,
wishes housekeeping position for 1-2 adults.
| Gentlemans home preferred; would like
Pennsylvania; very efficient. P. O. BOX
336, Montclair, N. J.

SITUATION WANTED, work on farm,
young man with poultry, gardening ex¬
perience; moderate wages. ADVERTISER
1790, care Rural New-Yorker.

| POULTRYMAN ELDERLY, thoroughly ex¬
perienced, capable taking full charge
] wants job. Prefer board myself. ALLEN
| BELL, General Delivery, Newburgh, N. Y.

SUPT-MANAGER full charge on private
place where conscientious man desired;
j married, over 25 years experience all
branches, garden, crops, horses, cattle, live¬
stock, machinery; sober character, compe¬
tent, trustworthy; excellent references,
previous position satisfactory ten years. AD¬
VERTISER 1791, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN — Farm school graduate, ex¬
perienced, reliable, best references; capable
of taking full charge. E. FUNK, 408 10th St„
Brooklyn, N. Y.

POSITION WANTED, caretaker, married,
general maintenance, estate, lawns, ma¬
chinery, some gardening, driving, painting,
etc. P. O. BOX 311, Far Hills, N. J.

RELIABLE FARMER wants superinten¬
dent’s job; 20 years experience Grade- A
milk production. Breeding purebred dairy
cattle, horses, beef cattle, general farming,
fruit. State wages, information. ADVER¬
TISER 1793, care Rural New-Yorker.

wants position. Man, gardening, handyman;
woman. Housework. Own car, furniture;
references. ADVERTISER 1794, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GIRL 20, wishes housework, farm home. AD¬
VERTISER 1786, care Rural New-Yorker.

CARETAKER, GARDENER, married, ex¬
perienced every detail of upkeep farm
or estate. ADVERTISER 1799, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Country Board

RIVERSIDE FARMS, near mountains, by
river. Large modern home, screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

REST HOME, modern, Shenendoah Valley,
mountain view. Special care elderly people,
convalescents; reasonable. FRANCES E.
COURCHEN, 489 N. Main St., Woodstock,
Virginia.

FURNISHED APARTMENT, three rooms
and bath. HELEN HYZER, Andes, N. Y.

HARVEY’S MOUNTAIN View, Rochester,
Vermont. Elevation 1,440, rooms, baths,
food, recreation, safe hills away from state
road; Route 100. Early reservations, single,
double, triple rooms. Screened porches,
furnace heat. Select clientiele.

MODERN FARM home in Jersey hills, ex¬
cellent meals, easy commuting, reasonable
rates. ERWIN, Rippling Brook Farm, Morris¬
town, New Jersey.

WANTED — Two children to board; milk,
eggs, bathing, farm. IRMSCHER, Madison,
Connecticut.

COUPLE AND two children desire farm
board for week-ends; in Pocono Mountains.
ADVERTISER 1742, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN WANTS home. C. GOVE, General
Delivery, Boston, Mass.

LOVELY FARM home, ideal for children’s
vacation. Moderate rates. Write ADVER¬
TISER 1745, care Rural New-Yorker for
particulars, snapshots, etc.

WANTED STEADY farm board with middle-
aged couple, within 100 miles. South. $5
weekly and repairing. FISCHER, care B.
Route 1, MEDUSA, N. Y.

RETIRED RURAL teacher will give mother's
care to infant or mentally or physically
handicapped child. ADVERTISER 1765,
care Rural New-Yorker.

BOARDERS WANTED, low rates. MAR¬
JORIE McCLELLAN FLINT, Randolph, Vt.

HOME-LIKE VACATION place, pleasant
surroundings; $15 weekly. PEARL
STEVENS, R. D., Canaan, Conn.

WANTED — Little girl boarder, $3 weekly.
LOWDEN, East Boothbay, Maine.

SUMMER BOARD wanted for boy 11, strong,
healthy, A in school, previous Summer
at camp. Modern, well stocked, busy, private
farm. Willling to learn to milk, team and
do other chores. $5. ADVERTISER 1775,
care Rural New-Yorker.

CONVALESCENTS — Write KATHERINE
STEFFENS, Cochecton, New York.

WANTED — A Protestant home in or near
Schenectady County for temporary care
of small baby. Give description of home
and household, references and price desired.
ADVERTISER 1784, care Rural New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

WILD RASPBERRY, orange blossom or
clover honey, choicest quality, liquefied,
5 lbs. $1.10; postpaid 500 miles; try some.
HARRY MERRILL, Merrick Road, Massa-
pequa. New York.

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY CLOVER raspberry blend, delicious;

5 lbs. 85c postpaid, 60 lbs. $6. Fall flowers,
Spanish Needle, 60 lbs. $4.20. JOSEPH
FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

HONEY — Light amber clover, 60 lbs. $3.75:
120 lbs. $7. LAVERN DEPEW, Auburn, N Y.

MAPLE SYRUP $2.25 per gallon; sugar 40c
per lb.; 5-ib. pail soft sugar $1.65; maple
cream 2-lb. pail 90c. Write for price on
la, ge quantities. Prepaid. JAMES CHURCH,
South New Berlin, N. Y.

BEST GRADE black walnut kernels, 2 lbs.

$1.25; 5 lbs. $3. All quarters, 75c lb. P. P.
paid. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

BEST BUCKWHEAT honey, 60 lbs. $3.60;

freight paid to 500 miles. NELSON’S
APIARIES, 9012 So. Military Rd., Niagara
Falls, New York.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Eat honey — Nature’s own sweet.
FRANK MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

Miscellaneous

BEES — Northern-bred Italian or Caucasian,
3-lb. package with queen $3.25; 2 lbs. $2.50.
Start shipping May 5th. HARRY CONNER,
Stockton, N. J.

SALE — Trap nest fronts, 20c each. Two
small electric incubators. C. CHISMORE.
Hubbardsville, N. Y.

FOR SALE, hay rake, team mowing ma¬
chine, mower machine blade grinder.
ED. WHILES, R. 1, Hackensack, N. J.

iiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiHiiiiimmiuui

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a Quick reply and a “ square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiimiiim

342

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 17, 1941

5th MONTH TRIUMPHS

NORTH • SOUTH • EAST • WEST

Highest PENS, All Breeds, at 5 Tests

Highest HENS. All Breeds, at 3 Tests

Highest Red PEN. 2-Year-Old Tests
Highest PENS, R. I. Reds at 5 Tests

13 High Scoring RED PENS (1st, 2nd,
or 3rd Places)

4th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds
THEY MAKE GOOD IN PUBLIC OR PRIVATE LIFE

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has awarded
its 1941 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to
WARREN, in stiff competition with foremost
R.O.P. Breeders, marking the 10th Consecutive
Time. 8 State Institutions, using only WARREN
Chicks, officially reported a general laying aver¬
age of 234.1 Eggs per Hen in 1940.

Success and Profits!

234.1 Eggs per Hen, as an average for 1 Flock
or 8 Flocks, means absolute Success in the
Poultry Business, for any man or any institution,
with an assured income and substantial profits,
even when production costs are high.

Same Blood, Same Breeding, Same ResultsI
All WARREN RED and ROCK-RED-Cross
Chicks are of the same blood in the Red line as
WARREN’S Contest Winners, but Prices are no
higher than those of many commercial hatcheries.
Write Today for 1941 Prices and File Orders
— Early To Avoid Disappointment.

J. J. WARREN

Bo* 20, North Brookfield, Maas.

Bonded Against B.W.

REDBI RD

World’s Largest Breeding Farm

90,000 PULLORDM-TESTED BREEDERS
All Maintained on Our Own Farm

First Farm to Guarantee 98% Livability 1st
4 Weeks, on Champion, Grade-A, and Grade-B
Matings, and to maintain that Guarantee 12
years (now In its 13th year). Customers re¬
port 3-lb. Broilers at 10 weeks, and 50%
Production 24-oz. Eggs from 6-month Pullets.
RHODE ISLAND REDS. BARRED PLY¬
MOUTH ROCKS, WHITE LEGHORNS.
ROCK- RED CROSS (Barred Broilers) —
RED-ROCK CROSS (Sex Linked)
Sexing Service: Pullets or Cockerels to order,
all matings, warranted 95% accurate. Lowest
Prices in REDBIRD History. To Step TJp
Your Production for Heavy Selling and
Handsome Profits.

WRITE TODAY for New Catalog, with
1941 Price List.

Redbird Farm Wrentham, Mass,

A small ad with
a big message! The
full message of facts
and figures, with a wealth
of common sense poultry information,
awaits you in our new 1941 free cata¬
log. A breeding farm pullorum free.

ROBERT C. COBB, Old Pickard Farm

350 Great Road Concord, Mass.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

SPIZZERINKTUM Chicks always
have been and always will be sold
on a quality basis. They are the
choice of thousands of successful
poultry raisers. 40,000 Pullorum -
Tested Breeders. Chicks and Hatching
Eggs from Spizzerinktum New Hamp-
shircs and Chris-Cross Barred Hybrids.
Write for Catalog and price list.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

PARMENTER’S nftfI0

u.s. R o.p. ncllo

World’s greatest egg layers by official figures.
Won 15 contests, best Red pen 31 contests,
1931-1940. Chicks, Eggs, males. Catalog.

E. B. PARMENTER! L

— TWICHELL’S NEW HAMPSHIRES

HOP. — Bred for Farm Flock Profits —
meat qualities, less broodiness,
clean Free Catalog tells full

H. S. &. M. E. Twichell, fit. I. Box

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. B. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. s. KENYON, (R) MARCELLOS, NEW YORK

CHICKS Parmenter Beds. Rock Red Cross 1 to 4 year
old breeders. RED-W-FARM, WOLCOTT, N. Y«

Publisher’s Desk

Enclosed please find check for a
new subscription. This party has
bought a farm near here and I
interested him in “our paper.” This
is the second subscription I have
sent you in two weeks and I get a
special pleasure in sending these as
a slight attempt at repayment for
your past favors. G. c.

Virginia

I am writing to let you know
what good fast work you can do. I
received my order in just about no
time at all after you wrote them.

I certainly can’t begin to tell you
how much we appreciate your writ¬
ing them for us. And I’m sure glad
we take such a fine paper as The
Rural New-Yorker. mrs. j. h

New York

We are much gratified by the
above letters. We know no better
way to get a neighbor started right
in his reading and farming than to
introduce him to the R. N.-Y. and
we only hope more new neighbors
will move into our friend’s locality.
It is this spontaneous approval of
our work that makes a continuance
of it possible. Our purpose is to carry
only responsible advertising and the
result has beeen satisfactory to us
and our readers. Any help we can
render is freely offered.

Due deliberation on some of the
plans proposed by serious adver¬
tising in circulars and over the
radio or through agents would result
in turning them down completely and
seeing what is called “the African in
the woodpile.” If the plan is worth¬
while any legitimate concern is will¬
ing and ready to give you time to
consider it. Don’t buy a refrigerator,
a car, or a radio; don’t take a corre¬
spondence course or a free offer; don’t
“sign your name so the agent can
prove he called” without taking time
to consider whether you really want
the goods or if months later you
can contiune paymentsr It is easy
to say it is only $3 or $5 or even
$1 a month. Some contracts run
on for years and they have to be
paid in accordance with the terms,
so we say reflect and investigate be¬
fore you sign anything. We are here
ready, willing and anxious to advise
and help and our service will cost
you nothing, just the same as the
accounts we have collected without
any charge to our readers.

A salesman called and offered us
eight lots in Green Lawn Park
Cemetery in the metropolitan area
of New Jersey in exchange for $3,000
eight per cent gold bonds due 1940
in the Associated Gas and Electric
Company. Telling us we would re¬
ceive $3,200 in about two years.
Two churches were interested in this
cemetery and thought what a wonder¬
ful chance it was. There are no stones
but flat brass plaques on all the
graves, great wide driveways and
churches pay $250 per grave and
can sell them for $400, making $150
profit. The reason they were getting
away from New York, they said, was
so people would not know the graves
sold for $250. He had pictures of
the grounds and they looked wonder¬
ful but for all I know may have
been some other place. He was so
positive that if I wrote you, you
would not be favorable but I told
him I would rely on what you said,
but he would not consider it at all
and said good bye and left without
making a deal. Would appreciate
any information you can give me
regarding this matter. c. J. G.

New York

We considered this a money mak¬
ing scheme for the promoters and
not an investment for the people who
were to put up the money. Our judg¬
ment has been confirmed by the
action of the court who sentenced
the promoter, George Arlen, to five
years in the Federal Penitentiary on
a mail fraud charge and conspiracy
indictment. This involved a swindle
in which Associated Gas and Elec¬
tric bond holders were induced to
exchange their securities for inter¬
ests in the Greenlawn Memorial
Park at Bernardsville, N. J. Arlen
was also wanted in Chicago and was
sent there for trial in connection
with a similar swindle. We are very
glad the reader took time to con¬
sider the matter and wrote us.
Haste to get your name on the
dotted line should act as red light.

Can you give me any information
as to the reliability of the “Mac”
Dahlia Glad Gardens, South Sud¬
bury, Mass.? In October, 1939, I
had a card from them offering three
dahlia tubers for 25 cents. I sent 50
cents for six to be sent in March,
1940. Not receiving them I wrote
and asked them to send the tubers.
They have never acknowledged the
order or answered the letter. I know
you investigate firms as to whether
they are reliable or not and thought
you might do this for me. The sum
involved is small but firms should be
honest in their advertising.

New Jersey mrs. l. d.

We wrote this concern but they
ignored all our demands for a re¬
fund if bulbs were not sent. He did,
however, write the reader in June,
1940 that his bulbs would be sent
as soon as possible and if not satis¬
factory, to advise them. They were
advised that after a year’s wait it
was not “satisfactory” and again
asked for a return of the money. It
has not been sent and bulbs not
been received.

I have often read of the different
people you have helped and won¬
dered if possibly you could help
me. I bought four acre leases on
oil wells in Texas, in 1933 and
haven’t any results so far. I will be
very glad to pay you if there are
any charges. Thank you for trying.

Ohio a. f.

We could find no value for these
leases. The rule is that all oil leases
are for a period of five years at the
end of which time the leases expire.
If the yearly rental is not paid the
leases expire at the end of the year
unpaid. As the leases in question
were taken out in 1933 they became
null and void in 1938. Oil leases
are usually speculative. While there
have been producing wells in the
vicinity of these leases it would not
follow that these particular ones
would be productive. There is a
great variation in land and some¬
times wells only a short distance
apart, would show a radical differ¬
ence. One would produce and the
other be non-productive.

John Calvin Mclntire of Wilming¬
ton, Del. was held in $10,000 bail
on a charge of embezzlement of cash
and securities from three elderly
women of that city. He is called a
Bible salesman ^nd is alleged to
have sold $100 ten-year six per cent
prior lein debentures in the Bible
Corporation of America of which he
was said to be the president and
sole stockholder. He explained that
he had no publishing plant but
placed large orders for Bibles and
distributed them to dealers and to
retired ministers as agents. The
people who put their money into
the proposition made the complaint
of unfair dealing and Mr. Mclntire
was arrested.

On August 14, 1940 I shipped

David Budnitsky, 8 Lackawanna Ave.,
Scranton, Pa., 212 bushels of to¬
matoes and he told me he sold them
for $1.50 to $1.75 p'er bushel, which
would net me around $200. I put
this in a lawyer’s hands in Scranton,
but Budnitsky cleaned up from there
and went somewhere in New York
State. If you can collect this bill
for me I would appreciate it very
much. J. b.

Maryland

Budnitsky not only went out of
business but he disappeared. We
have not been able to get any trace
of him. We would like his address.

When the “Spanish Prisoner Swin¬
dle” crops up we know Spring is
here. The Post Office Department is
placing a notice on all bulletin
boards in Post Offices throughout the
country warning against the scheme.
We have exposed it for years back
but it bears repeating because the
swindlers revive it every year, and
every year they find victims. If you
get a letter asking for funds to get
the “prisoner” out of jail send it at
once, with the envelope, to the Post¬
master General at Washington, D. C.

BROILER CHICKS

OF CONTROLLED BREEDING

WALPOLE, N.H.

Box 12

Hubbard Farms

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

WHITFyltOCK

£ CHICKS ? IO* IOO

EGGS FOR (C per
HATCHING .... IOO

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-
MAN’S ROCKS) famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
FREE circular.

SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

JOSEPH

TOLMAN

DEPT. F

ROCKLAND

MASS. i

FARMf CHKKJB

All Breeders carefully culled & fDAY^I
Blood Tested. Order direct from IjKsjApl
ad. or write for our new catalog.

"I" Satisfaction & safe arrival guaranteed.

Sh^mnship0nc.&oThDS:_UnSeXed PiooetS’ioo0cke^o-
White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $ J2.50 $3.00

Hr °rWhite • o^6 Buff Rocks: ! " ! ! ! ! Ho '^0 £83

Wh. Wyand.. R. I. Beds, Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires, Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

SPECIAL GRADE A. MATINGS

White & Black Leghorns . 0.00 7.00 4.00

Bar. Rocks & New Hampshires - 11.00 14.00 7.50

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R, Port Trevorton, Pa.

ELLERVILLE CHICKS

SPECIAL QUALITY — All breeders care¬
fully culled & blood-tested. Order direct
from ad. or write for our new catalog. Sat¬
isfaction & safe arrival guaranteed. Will
ship C. O. D. If desired. 100 500 1000

_ _ _ Large Type S.C.W. Leg.$6.00 $30.00 $60

White & Barred Plymouth Rocks - 6.00 30.00 60

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 32.50 65

Quality Heavy Mixed . 5.50 27.50 55

Large type Sex Leg. Pits. (95% guar.) 12.00 .

Leg. Cockerels $1.00. 32 Years Hatching experience.

W A LAUVER, Prop., Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

8R00KSDE

HANSON STRAIN

LEGHORNS

BABY PULLETS— 2 to 12 weeks
old Pullets. Also N. Hampshires.
B. & W. Rocks, Sexed or un-
sexed. Bay old or Started. Com¬
plete price list and booklet FREE

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

SHIRK’S QUALITY CHICKS

From Blood Tested Breeders. Electric Hatched.

PULLETS GUAR. 95% Unsex. Pults. Ckls.

Will ship Cash of C.O.D. 100 100 100

Largo Type English Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, B. I. Reds... 7.00 10.00 7.00

Bed-Rock & Rock-Red Cross . 7.00 10.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds (Special).... 9.00 13.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 8.00 5.00

Hatches Tues. & Thur. 100% live del. Prepaid. Order

direct from ad. or write for Free Clr. giving full
details of our Quality Chicks. SHIRK'S HATCHERY,
H. C. Shirk, Prop., Box 52, McAlisterville. Pa.

c&SdCt&Sk

QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Tuesdays & Thursdays Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% accurate guar. 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. Wh. Leghorns. .$5.50 $11.00 $2.00
B. & W.Rox, R.I. Beds, Box-Red Cr. 6.50 8.50 6.50

Special Bred N. H. Reds . 8.50 13.00 6.50

H. Mix $5.50-100. 100% live del. P. Paid. All Breed¬
ers Blood Tested. Antigen Method. Write for Free
Catalog with actual Photos of our Poultry Plant,
MCALISTERVILLE HATCHERY
Edgar C. Leister, Owner, Box II, McAlisterville. Pa.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

W’hite or Barred Bocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

New Hampshires or S.C.R.I. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00

Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chicks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM,

Wm. Nace. (Prop.). Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

■ P || i 1 1 l|rP S/C E/VC. lECHOKA/'T

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$6.00 $12.00 $1.50
Bar. & W. Box, R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 5.00

H. Mixed $5.50: Leg. Mixed $5-100. CATALOG FRE,?.
Lehman Strawser Hatchery. Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

BARBED ROCKS

The Premier strain of
great dual-purpose
breed. Heavy layers —
wonderful for meat.
Hardy chicks from
our 5.000 Vt. U. S.
Pullorum Clean Breeders. Sexed Baby Pullets

and Cockerels. CHAMBERLIN POULTRY FARMS

R. F. O. 6, West Brattleboro, Vermont

Subscribers ’Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy mast reach ns Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance of date of issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

[ Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc. |

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

GUERNSEY DAIRY farm, 165 acres; Orange
County. State road, fine land, buildings,
50 fine cows, modern equipment; owner ill.
“DOC” BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Free list.
Dairy, poultry, fruit farms, homes, stores.

MOUNTAIN HOME, 68 acres, 8 room modern
house, bath, furnace, fireplace, electricity,
garage, no barn, orchard, beautiful view
Susquehanna River; 1 mile from Route 6.
$2,800; terms. FLOYD "A. DYMOND, Tunk-
hannock, Penna.

IDEAL VILLAGE, 14 acre orchard and 10
room modern Cal. bungalow and barn, 900
10 and 20 year fruit trees, best variety of
apples, grapes and berries. One block off
Maine St. and Route 208. $12,000, half cash.
Owner L. G. RUCKEL, 100 Coldenham Road,
Walden, N. Y. Telephone 2-3551.

MODERN INCOME property, two stores and
six apartments; rents $2,000. Price $12,000,
half cash. Owner L. G. RUCKEL, 100
Coldenham Road, Walden, N. Y. Tel. 2-3551.

FOR SALE, 80 acre dairy farm, 10 room
house with or without stock. STEVE
SCHMIDT, R. D. 2, Middleburg, N. Y.

HUDSON VALLEY fruit and general farm.

On macadam highway, auction market at
Poughkeepsie, wholesale markets with
speedy transportation to New York City.
106 acres, 28-acre orchard standard varieties,
8 grapes, 10 currants, balance tillage, pasture
and woods. Two attractive dwellings,
modern conveniences, large brook near
dwellings. 50 ft. barn, packing house, poultry,
house and other buildings. $12,000; terms.
FEDERAL LAND BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE, bargain, 250 acre dairy farm,
good buildings, 38 head stock. Owner.
A. CHARLAN, Box 125, Fleishmanns, N. Y.

WANTED TO buy small farm without
stock on main road, with good water,
electricity. State price, location and con¬
dition. No agents. Write JOHN FANDEL,
789 East 158th St., Bronx, N. Y.

WANTED — Building site, 3 to 5 acres,
tillable. Improved road, New York or
Connecticut. Complete details first letter.
ADVERTISER 1741, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED THREE to five acre, unimproved
land in Dutchess County, New York. Must
be low priced and over 900 ft. altitude.
ADVERTISER 1743, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 79 acre fruit and poultry farm,
Columbia County, New York. Two houses,
ideal location for convalescent home; im¬
provements. ADVERTISER 1744, care Rural
New-Yorker.

REAL COUNTRY home, 7 rooms, all im¬
provements; one acre, main highway,
$4,850. EUGENE MESSMER, opposite sta¬
tion, Bellmore, Long Island.

GRAFTON, MASS., 98 acres; tillage, pasture
and wood. Modern buildings, 500 ft. water
front; camping, fishing and hunting. Near
state highway. Farming or Summer re¬
sort. $10,000. 151 George Hill Rd.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, with family,
would like to rent cottage on large farm
or estate within two houre drive of New
York. Financially responsible. ADVER¬
TISER 1746, eare Rural New-Yorker.

20 ACRE farm, 8- room house, barn, wood,
well, spring water; near Danielson, Conn.
Price reasonable. MRS. JOHN HUNTING-
TON, R. D. 2, Killingly, Conn.

90 ACRES farm land on state highway with
pasture, brook, woodlot and orchard. $450
cash. SAUT HORTON, Sprakers, N. Y.

WANTED — Small detached house, some
ground. Suitable kennel, toy dogs. State
rent. MRS. WARNER, Harrington Park, N. J.

FOR SALE, first class equipped Delaware
County dairy farm, heart of cauliflower
section. Excellent buildings with city con¬
veniences. 55 stock, team; near village on
stone road. $11,000; half cash. Write
BERDENE, Andes, N. Y.

COUNTRY BEER garden, dance hall;

splendid paying business. Reason for sell¬
ing, too old to care for both farm and
business. Write for particulars. HARL
SNEDEKER, Bloomville, N. Y.

WANTED — Dairy farm, about 10 miles from
Poughkeepsie. Give price. ADVERTISER
1751, care Rural New-Yorker.

BUY SECURITY now before rising real
estate prices prohibit. For sale, in settl¬
ing an estate, 175 acre farm and woodlot
with house and farm buildings only 10 miles
from art colony at Elizabethtown. In beauti¬
ful Adirondack foothills. Will sell for $1,000
and include in deal enough seasoned peeled
logs to build charming Summer cottage.
Contractor and plans available. Don’t miss
this opportunity. This farm bought in 1918
for $6,000. Post Office DRAWER A, Essex,
New York.

SMALL HOUSEKEEPING camp, suitable for
family with one or two children on
beautiful, privately owned lake. Readily
accessible. Rates per week $20; per month
$60. Christian atmosphere. Another camp,
ideal for two people, $50 for the Summer.
Fine sand beach for bathing. References
necessary. ROSE BURNHAM, Keeseville,
New York.

WANTED — Farms and country estates for
sale or exchange. Send particulars imme¬
diately. B. T. PLATANIA, 716 East 233rd
St., New York City.

NEAR GRAHAMSVILLE, N. Y., five room
apartment, furnished or unfurnished, im¬
provements, high elevation, good roads,
daily mail; garden, on large farm. ADVER¬
TISER 1753, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 7V2 acre poultry farm fully
equipped, running water; capacity 3,000
layers; buildings new, barn, garage, 11
room house, improvements; orchard. Near
village; free express service. FRANK
VANSYCKLE, New Paltz, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent farm with option to buy,
on good road, water and electricity with¬
in 100 miles of New York. Must be reason¬
able, photograph and all particulars. AD¬
VERTISER 1758, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FARM, gas station, roadstand,
or boarding farm, in exchange for one
family house, seven rooms, all improve¬
ments in upper Bronx; near churches,
schools. Free and clear, give details in first
letter. ADVERTISER 1759, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FOR SALE, a farm of about 200 acres in
Putnam, New York, on the shore of
Lake Champlain. Large stone house and
numerous outbuildings. FRED WALKER,
Shoreham Vt.

NEAR SYRACUE, 10 acre village farm, all
tillable; good buildings with improve¬
ments. Wonderful opportunities. Priced
right. DONALD. Phoenix, N. Y.

SALE — Good going poultry farm, 42 acres,
modern 8 room house, henhouse, capacity
1,000, modern equipment, 1,200 young and
old poultry, 400 baby turkeys, brooder-
houses; near Adirondack resort; beautiful
country; 1,400 feet elevation. Price $8,000;
$4,000 cash, rest mortgage. ADVERTISER
1762, care Rural New-Yorker.

INCOME DAIRY farms, estates. 300 acre
dairy farm; 350 acres, lake, buildings;
140 acre private lake, dairy farm $7,500.
“DOC” BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Free list. j
Farms, homes, hotels, stores, cabins.

WELL BUILT building 3.000 square feet,

2 ‘4 acres, suitable for chicken farm; al
bungalow wonderful location; 40 minut,
from New York. Bargain $5,000, h
mortgage. BOX 352, Saddle River, N. J1

FOR RENT, 50 cow dairy farm. Incomi
about $8,500 year. $1,500 security. N
references. FRIEDMAN, West Coxsacki
New York.

AGED WIDOWER anxious to sell very1
modem and productive dairy and poultry
farm, two miles from Oneonta. Beautifu '
eight room house, hardwood floors, al
modern improvements, large basement bar:
new silo, 21 choice cattle, team, nearly ne
farming tools, team, accommodations fo:
1,000 layers, five brooders, two-car garage?
a money-making farm. $13,000; one-half cash.
KINCH, Schenevus, N. Y.

ALL YEAR or vacation homes. Five rooms.

one acre, poultry house, gorgeous view,
electricity, water, fruit, $625; 80 acres, new
four room cottage, barn, trout stream, im¬
proved road, electricity available; $850, one-
half cash. 190 acres, large rolling fields,
woods, 10-acre lake, 1,900 ft. elevation, fruit
trees, improved road, electric plant, very
excellent eight room bungalow, view for
miles; ideal for health camp or sportsmens
club; $2,100 cash. Others. E. KINCH,
Schenevus, N. Y.

WANTED TO buy general farm, $2,000 cash:

give all details in first letter. P. O. BOX
105, Cos Cob, Conn.

CANNING FACTORY. Sussex County, Dela-
ware, on railroad siding, private switch,
capacity 72,000 cans of tomatoes 10 hours
work. Two lines of machinery for tomatoes,
150 H.P. return Tuble steam boiler, 30 H.P.
horizontal steam engine, with other neces¬
sary equipment to successfully operate the
plant. Plenty of tomato and bean acreage
and native laborers. Ample storage room
for 20,000 cases. Retiring owner wishes to
sell. ADVERTISER 1768, care Rural New-
Yorker.

RENT BUNGALOW, six rooms, furnished:

country. Orange County. 58 miles New
York. $150 season. ADVERTISER 1769, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MUSE BE sold at once, productive dairy
and poultry farm of 150 acres, very good
buildings; near main road. Six cows, four
heifers included. Full price $2,900; $800

down payment. MRS. CLAIRE PARSONS,
Burlington Flats, N. Y.

220 ACRES, modem buildings, 70 head,
milk route; 1940 sales $33,000. Price $29,000.
GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE, 28 miles out, house, garage,
garden, hennery, retail egg route. Suit¬
able for retired person. BOX 84, Spring
Valley, New York.

FARM FOR sale, 114 acres, good potato
land; town of Cuba, Allegany County,
414 miles from village of Friendship; 5!4
miles from village of Cuba; >4 mile from
state road on hard gravel road. Eight room
house and basement, hot and cold water;
recently reconstructed. School bus. Price
$3,000. Owner, W. N. RENWICK, Cuba, N. Y.

FOR RENT, two room bungalow and a ten
room house in the mountains, for year
or Summer season. Write P. R. SKOWFOE
Warnerville, N. Y.

100 ACRES, eight room house, paved road

elevation, view; $900, cash $300. Dairy
farm and tourist home, Route 20, near
Cherry Valley, 200 rich acres, 14 room
house, electricity, good water, 35 cow barn
other buildings, 23 stock, team, machinery
$8,500, cash $2,500. STARKWEATHER’,
Grand St., Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 42 acre flat farm, brook
macadam road, mail, school bus, telephone
electricity, running water, bath, fruit,
crops; bargain. Owner, HARRY TILBURY.
Owego, N. Y.

102 ACRE dairy farm, very productive.

running water; priced to sell. ALOYS
WEBER, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

FRANKLINVILLE, N. J., 10 acres, highway;

suitable roadhouse, chicken farm. Eight
room house, bath, gas, electric pump, two
chicken houses, 80 fruit trees; $4,200.
SUPERINTENDENT, 250 West 26th St.,
New York City.

FOR RENT, furnished bungalow on fruit
farm; to those that want privacy. Rustic.
ADVERTISER 1782, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, eight room house, garage, one
acre, $2,000; on mountain road, needs
repairing. Has running water, electricity
available. In Cornwall, N. Y. Writet ROBERT
SECOR, Hopewell Jet. Dutchess Co., N. Y.

WANTED — Equipped, stocked farm; one
with small acreage. Prefer New York or
Connecticut. Reasonable. ADVERTISER 1789,
care Rural New-Yorker.

TO RENT, three room furnished apartment;

private rural home; convenient; improve¬
ments. Adults preferred. Season or per¬
manent. Also three room cottage. LEEDER,
New Paltz, N. Y.

FOR LOW rent, Flemington, N. J. Two
room bungalow; season or year round.
Furnished or unfurnished. J. RODKIN.

EASTERN SHORE Maryland, farm bargains.

Two small farms, over $20,000 replace¬
ment value. No better bargains anywhere.
Wonderful buildings, improvements, good
location. Your choice, one $5,000; other
$3,000; to settle estate. Terms; possession.
Call or write at once for pictures and de¬
tails. C. E. TURNER, Federalsburg, Md.

FOR SALE, good Broome County farm, 160
acres, good buildings, just off good road;
20 cows, tools; $4,500, one-half cash. E. B.
RYAN, Whitney Point, N. Y.

FOR SALE, farms. BOX 60, Oxford, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 14 acres, Bellmore, L. I. Few
minutes from railroad station; suitable for
chicken farm. Gas, electricity. Sacrifice'
$500 per acre. ADVERTISER 1772, care
Rural New-Yorker.

BOARDING HOUSE, oil heating, one acre.

direct highway, road stand; $5,500, $1,000
down, $50 month. BOHN, Maybrook, N Y

SINGT.5."h.iivi\, experienced milker, general
farm worker; $35 monthly with raise if
satisfactory. ADVERTISER 1668, care Rural
New-Yorker. *

MILKER, EXPERIENCED, use DeLavel.

Single, $40 and board. Married, $50 month
and house. Small family only. Do not write.
Call or telephone. NIELAND FARMS, 17-A,
Warwick, N. Y. Telephone Warwick 160.

FARMER AND family for 90 acre dairy
farm with herd of 15 cows. Cottage and
electricity furnished; salary paid. Reply
ADVERTISER 1676, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Trustworthy farmer for small
dairy, milking machine, year around work.
$40 per month, board and room; good home
References. AGNES MULLIGAN, Richfield
Springs, N. Y.

MAID FOR cooking and general housework;

modern conveniences. No children; good
wages. References desired. MRS. CHARLES
ROBBINS, R. D. 3, Dundee, N. Y.

HOUSEWORKERS — $40-$65, couples, house¬
keepers, chambermaid - waitresses, nurses.
MAIN EMPLOYMENT AGENCY, 186 Main
St., Hackensack, N. J.

MEN TO cut wood by the cord. F. J.

MARKET, Wilcox, Pa.

WANT A good milker, not over 35 years
of age. Wages $28.30 per week with a
day off. DAN O'DOWD, Pine Brook, N. J.

SINGLE MAN on modern poultry farm
steady job, good pay. WINDRUSH FARM,
Cedar Grove Road, Princeton, N. J.

BUSINESS COUPLE wants woman, care of
5-year old boy and small household.
Connecticut. Write full particulars, age and
salary expected. ADVERTISER 1739, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Woman to cook, man to assist
general housework, care for lawns and
grounds; suburban house, Scarsdale, N. Y.
No driving necessary. $80. Two nice rooms
and private bath. Give references. ADVER¬
TISER 1740, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two competent women for
housework, cook and second maid, or a
couple. Must be experienced. Write to MRS.
JAMES E. COOPER, Cragtop, Brookside
Road, New Britain, Conn.

PROTESTANT, HOUSEWORKER, 4 adults;

$35, own room; no smoking. References.
LEWIS, 112 Maple St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Married man on farm with
extra milker. BOX 3, Bovina Center, N. Y.

GOOD DAIRYMAN and farmer wanted; in¬
terested in fine cattle. $65 per month, house,
running water, fuel, electricity, milk, garden.
ADVERTISER 1785, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged couple, handy around
country place; $30 monthly. ADVERTISER
1747, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER — Man and wife in country
home need neat, cheerful woman for plain
cooking; tidy housekeeper. American Protes¬
tant preferred. Home all modern improve¬
ments. No laundry, good home, fair salarv,
permanent. State qualifications. ADVER¬
TISER 1750, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Expert milker and general
farmer, married. $60. Privileges. BOX 456
Coble-kill, N. Y.

HOUSEWORKER UNENCUMBERED, experi¬
ence unnecessary, dependable; good home.
Northern New Jersey. Family two; $20
monthly to start. ADVERTISER 1752, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER, GOOD milker for small Delaware
County dairy farm; $40 and board, year
round job. ADVERTISER 1754, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man, dairy farm work;

wages $45 month, board, room, washing.
No smoking or drinking. G. L. HESELTON,
Ridgebury, N. Y.

MARRIED MAN, experienced in general
farm work and management; able to
handle machinery and dairy farming
Modern tenant house with conveniences.
Northeastern Pennsylvania. ADVERTISER

1755, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced herdsman, married
for 50 cow dairy farm; New Jersey, Mercer
County. Must be reliable, sober and fa¬
miliar with machine milking. Six room
house; good wages for right man. First class
references essential. Write ADVERTISER

1756, care Rural New-Yorker.

DELAVAL SINGLE unit operators and

strippers; must handle 55 cows three
times daily; wages $85 per month and board.
ADVERTISER 1757, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Reliable, single, farm hand; no
liquor. MIDDLE BOX, West Cornwall.
Conn. ^

YOUNG MAN, preferably draft exempt, for
timekeeper’s-assistant manager’s job on
large vegetable farm in South Jersey.
Knowledge of farming and keeping of
records necessary. Agricultural college edu¬
cation desirable. Write to ADVERTISER
1761, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN WANTED on nationally
known breeding farm. Write or telephone
stating experience. DAVID T. COHEN,
Guilford, Conn. Telephone 441.

FARMER — Single, experienced, handy with
tools and painting to take care of some
farming, maintenance of gentleman’s farm.
Pleasant, permanent home, good wages for
reliable, conscientious worker. Write full
.particulars. ADVERTISER 1763, care Rural
g'Jew-Yorker.

OUPLE WANTED immediately to run 70
acre fruit farm on main highway in
C'Jorthwest, Pennsylvania. A fine home for
a couple with A-l references. ADVERTISER
1764, care Rural New-Yorker.

-STEADY EMPLOYMENT for sober, middle-
aged man, helping in house and vegetable
garden on farm. Give details. ADVERTISER
1766, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man, general farm work,
good milker; $50 month, room and board.
R. E. BORGESON, R. F. D. No. 2, Litchfield.
Connecticut.

FARMER MARRIED, handy with beef
cattle and tools. Steady job. Own living
quarters,, cow, garden, etc. MYERS GROO,
Grahamsville, Sullivan County, New York.

COUPLE, WHITE, care for kennel, small
dogs; experience not necessary; positively
no children. References required. BOX 100.
R. F. D. 1, Riverside, Conn.

COUPLE WANTED. 30-40 years; no children.

Wife experienced cook, general house¬
work. Husband: serving, station driving,
handyman; year round position, good wages.
References. MRS. WILLIAM E. SIMS.
Monroe, N. Y.

HELP WANTED: We can use a few good
milkers and test cow milkers; must be
sober. Wages $106 per month. Purebred
Guernseys. IDEAL GUERNSEY FARMS,
Augusta, Sussex County, New Jersey.

HELP WANTED: Licensed engineer and
fireman for creamery. Must be experienced
and sober; good wages. IDEAL FARMS
INC., North Haled on, N. J.

HELP WANTED: Two men for pasteurizing
and bottling plant. Must be experienced
and sober. IDEAL FARMS INC., North
Haledon, N. J.

COUPLE WANTED, good gardener, good
cook, good health and good disposition
required. Man should have general country
experience suitable for taking charge of 15
acre place. Wife, if capable, to assume full
management of house. Family of two adults
in business, school girl of 10. 35 miles from
New York. Write qualifications, experience
and salary wanted in addition to board
and good accommodations. W. W. COMMONS
Suffern, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER FOR six room country
home with every convenience. Two adults;
children aged 7 and 11. Must be capable
of taking charge while mother is at busi¬
ness; $35 monthly. ADVERTISER 1779, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced, farm raised man

on fruit and poultry farm. Kind treat¬
ment, good home. W. A. JONES, Hillsdale,
New York.

WANTED FOR permanent general house-

work, family of two adults, small house
country. MRS. ROBERT MacMURPHEY
Chichester Road, New Canaan, Conn.

WANTED IN Ruxton, Maryland, general
houseworker, cheerful, conscientious girl
who is also fond of children. Very good
home; wages $10 per week. Write MRS
HUBNER RICE, Ruxton, Maryland.

MAN ON farm, must be good milker, will¬

ing to do any kind of work. $40 per
month, board. ARTHUR SCHUMANN
Madison, Conn.

RELIABLE MAN to start in chickens and
goats with owner of small Pennsylvania
farm; share basis. No smoking or liquor.
ADVERTISER 1783, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once, middleaged man on

small dairy farm, good home, wages
JENNINGS, Windham, N. Y„ Gr4ene Co.’

COUPLE WANTED, poultryman well ex¬

perienced; wife part-time housework. Nice
modern home, near Middletown, N Y $60
a month. ADVERTISER 1773, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 341.

In Tune With the Times

You can measure its Economy

150-HDUR

VEEDOL

Oil consumption is an impor¬
tant yardstick in measuring
most of your tractor costs. And it
takes few crankcase check-ups to
prove the many economies of 150-
Hour Veedol Tractor Oil.

You soon learn that here is an
oil that far outlasts 60- and 75-hour
oils in distillate-burning tractors
... an oil that actually gives 150
hours of positive protection in
modern gasoline-driven tractors
before draining is required.

Far more important, you learn
that the long life of this pure 100%
Pennsylvania oil is the natural
result of its finer piston seal ... its
extreme resistance to heat ... its
freedom from sludging and oxida¬
tion ... All major factors in cut¬
ting fuel bills and overhaul costs.

150-Hour Veedol quickly wins the
complete confidence of those tractor
owners who buy oil not on gallon-price
but on acre-costs. It will save you

100% PENNSYLVANIA
“A Better Tractor Oil
by the Clock”

money, too! A single 5-gallon pail is all
you need to prove to your own satisfac¬
tion that here is “a better tractor oil by
the clock”.

150-HOUR VEEDOL
cuts costs these 5 ways in
your gasoline tractor

1, Saves Fuel . . . Reduces power “blow-by”,
minimizes dilution . . . thus saves fuel consumption.

J5. Saves Oil ... In many cases doubles operat¬
ing hours between oil refills.

3. Saves Losses _ Ends time and money losses

from needless breakdowns.

4. Saves Repairs . . . Greater resistance to heat
and friction cuts costly tractor repairs.

5. Saves Tractors ... By reducing wear, as¬
sures long, economical tractor life.

There is a Veedol lubricant for every make
of truck and passenger car! These Veedol
Oils are made 100% from Bradford-
Pennsylvania crude. Veedol greases and
gear lubricants tneet all modern conditions.
A Product of Tide Water Associated Oil Company

Potato Growing. — Recent experi¬
mental work reported from New
Hampshire indicates some of the
important factors that should be con¬
sidered in growing bigger crops of
potatoes and potatoes of better
quality. In a three-year rotation of
potatoes, oats, and hay, they used
4-8-7 fertilizer at rates varying from
Vz ton to IV2 tons per acre. Over a
six-year period, the yield of potatoes
has averaged 318 bushels per acre
where Vz ton of fertilzer was used;
386 bushels per acre where one ton
was used; and 431 bushels per acre
where 1 Vz tons were used. This
variation in yield amounts -to about
60 bushels for each additional Vz ton
of fertilzer. The other potato grow¬
ing practices in this experiment wei;e
standard methods used by the best
potato growers in the region. Using
the same amount of plant food in
the form of double strength fertilizers
also gave them increased yields.
Applying the fertilizer in bands
along the sides of the row gave only
a slight increase over broadcasting.
Lime did not improve the yield of
the potato crop, but it did improve
the yield of oats and hay that
followed. An attempt was made to
measure the quality of potatoes
„ under various conditions in
test and it was found that the
that were well matured

_ j harvest, especially those grown

thout any set-backs during the
due to adverse weather were
highest quality.

Farm Houses. — Studies now show
-Z~Z~-ZZ2 of farm women for vari-
features of the farm house,
.bout one-half of the women sur-
\ favored one-story houses
than two-story houses. Four
of five of the women voted in
:r of a basement regardless of
number of stories in the house.

> most satisfactory living room

_ lrr.3 seemed to be about 15x20

feet and bedrooms, 12x14 feet.
“ ' ' j rooms are apparently desired
in most farm houses but in addition,
five out of six wanted kitchens large
enough to serve the family meals
comfortably. These women almost
universally favored a bedroom on
the first floor. Some of them even
thought two bedrooms would be de¬
sirable on the first floor.

Vitamin C. — This vitamin is es¬
pecially important in human diet.
Poultry, hogs, and cattle can ap¬
parently manufacture their own
Vitamin C, but humans must get it
from their food. This vitamin helps
build disease resistance. It is scien¬
tifically known as Ascorbic Acid, and
is commonly obtained in the human
diet from fruits and vegetables. It
has been found that broccoli, cauli¬
flower, endive, kale, lettuce and
New Zealand spinach lost Vitamin
C content rapidly when held at room
temperature. On the other hand,
most of these vegetables retained the
vitamin when they were stored
under refrigeration. In cases where
disease resistance was low because
of lack of Vitamin C, it has been
found that some individuals can build
up this resistance again rapidly once
the Vitamin C is furnished. In other
cases, it has been found very difficult
to build up resistance once it has
been broken down.

Potatoes Supply Vitamin C. — •
“Cooked potatoes, whether new or
old, add considerable Vitamin C —
ascorbic acid — to the diet regardless
of whether they are baked, boiled,
or steamed.” A scientific test to de¬
termine the effects both of cooking
and of storage on the potato’s ascor¬
bic acid content was recently con¬
ducted on Green Mountain, Irish
Cobbler and Chippewa potato varie¬
ties. The potatoes were cooked by
methods commonly used by home¬
makers. In no instance did the potato
lose more than 25 per cent of its
Vitamin C value. In most cases the
loss was even less, despite the fact
that Vitamin C is destroyed easily
by exposure to heat and air. Boiling
pared potatoes — probably the most
common way of cooking — was the
method most destructive of Vitamin
C. This experiment shows that a
person can get a substantial part of
his daily Vitamin C requirement from
potatoes. Army officials find that the
potato supplies from one-sixth to
one-fourth of the soldier’s daily
quota of Vitamin C and consider it
a protective food because of this food

value as well as its vitamin content.

Milking Cows. — Geneva Experi¬
ment Station now reports on a test
to determine the length of time that
a milking machine should be left on
individual cows. The test has been
run for five years and should give
us valuable information. They be¬
lieve it is especially important that
a definite time schedule be allowed
and they think that four or five
minutes for each cow is a satisfactory
standard. By all means, they urge
that great variation from this be
avoided. Cows, once they are ac¬
customed to having a milking ma¬
chine left on four or five minutes,
are affected unfavorably if they are
milked for a longer or shorter
period. When the operator was al¬
lowed to use his own judgment as
to how long milking machines should
be left on cows, the milking period
was irregular, usually longer. They
even recommend now that some sort
of timer be a standard part of the
equipment of milking machines so
that the milking interval may be
standardized.

Buffalo Grass. — Perhaps Buffalo
grass offers new possibilities for
Southern Tier New York. It is a
dominant grass through much of the
Great Plains area of the southwest.
There it is known as “short grass.”
It forms a dense turf and furnishes
a nutrient feed during most of the
year. Even during the Winter the
dried grass seems to be quite pala¬
table. It is not a prolific seeder, so
it would seem to fit the needs of
permanent pasture rather than tem¬
porary pasture. Recently it fias
proved favorable as a lawn grass
under dry conditions. In the Spring
the grass grows slowly but with
Summer’s hot, dry, weather, it grows
better than most of our common
grass.

Methods of Growing Soybeans. —
With the development of modern
cultivating machinery, the tendency
seems to be more and more for
farmers to grow soybeans in rows
far enough apart to cultivate. This
certainly is true with farmers who
grow soybeans for grain or for other
purposes in which the soybeans are
threshed. Some farmers who grow
soybeans for hay are even claiming
better results with soybeans planted
so that they can be cultivated. The
evidence seems to indicate that sov-
bans are just one jump behind the
weeds in many fields and where the
beans are drilled broadcast, the weeds
sometimes constitute a serious prob¬
lem. On the other hand, a small
amount of early cultivation either
with a weeder, a spiked -tooth harrow,
or cultivator, will set the weeds back
and give the soybeans a chance Jo
assume the proper function in the
field. Modern methods of cultivation
have lightened the burden of con¬
trolling weeds on many farms, thanks
to the development of improved
cultivating machinery.

Fertilizer Tests. — The response
of the hay crop to lime, phosphorous,
potash and nitrogen in various
quantities and various combinations
has been studied recently. Tests
were conducted in nine New York
State counties on nine different soil
types. The results of the test are
for the year 1940, but the yields
under various treatments show a
significant trend. The greatest re¬
sponse came from lime. On new seed¬
ing, clover, timothy and alfalfa hay:
seven out of the nine tests showed
a marked response where lime was
used. The next most significant re¬
sults came from the use of potash
and in four out of nine cases there
was a definite response to the hay
crop from the application of potash.
Only two of the nine farms showed
striking evidence of the need of
phosphorous. Perhaps it may be
assumed that since these farms were
mostly livestock farms with a con¬
siderable quantity of manure, that
phosphorous had been used on the
farm over a period of years and
much of the phosphorous deficiency
had been met. At any rate, only
two of the tests showed phosphorous
response; likewise two of the tests
showed response to nitrogen. This
was during 1940 when there was
ample rainfall in most sections of
the State and fertilizer tests would
be expected to show results.

New York L. H. Woodward

L t BRARY
ITHACA N.Y.
SEPT*a3R pan on

“Lunch Time” at White Chimneys Farm

Photo T. J. Page. Stamford, Conn.

May 31, 1941

Ke-entered as Second-Class Matter July IT, 1936, at the Post
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

No. 5504

Vol. C.

346

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 31, 1941

Poultry Life On The R a n ^ e

During This Summer Thousands of Pullets Will be Grown to
Replace the Laying Hens of Last Year’s E&& Production Flocks

j^^^spiOME times it takes periods of
serious emergency to bring us
face to face with facts. We
are now in a period of national
emergency. The whole nation
is talking about defense. The
imminent needs of our country and our people
are being much discussed. What we will be
called upon to do for others in this war-torn,
upset world enters the picture of our
American thinking as well. The farmer is
not outside this proposition. He is very
much a part of it. The poultry and egg
farmer has a distinct function to perform in
these coming months. The biggest job of
farmers is, and always has been, to produce
food for human beings. Now, in emergency
times, the continued production of ample
food supplies is a paramount issue.

Of all the many, varied, and indispensible
foods for humans which are produced on the
farm few exceed the egg in economic sig¬
nificance or daily demand. It is not that eggs
are more important than other -farm-produced
food stuffs; it is simply that, amongst those
needed for every day use, eggs have come
to be truly indispensible. People cannot do
without eggs, and be healthy, happy, and
well fed. We are told that the American
poultry flocks must step up their egg produc¬
tion during the coming year by several
millions of dozens of eggs. Farm poultry
flock owners, then, will tighten their belts
and begin to do it. The farm, with its open
fields and grass-covered ranges, is an ideal
place on which to grow sound, healthy
pullets. In these Summer weeks the increased
layer population called for by those who are
in a position to know can easily be grown.
It many instances more late hatched chicks,
chicks hatched in June even, will be secured
in order to help guarantee the increased
layer population called for by the conditions
prevailing in these troublous times. In other
instances it will be chiefly a matter of im¬
proving methods and practices used in the
growing of oncoming pullet flocks, so that
fewer losses will be sustained during the
Summer, and so that pullets grown this year
may be put into laying quarters in the Fall
at a lower cost per bird. If, by better manage¬
ment on the range this Summer, replacement
pullets can be brought up to the ready-to-lay
in the Fall at, let us say, 20 cents less per
pullet in actual production and growing
cost, the economy of next year’s pullet
year egg yield will be made considerably
safer and better.

In the Out-of-Doors
All poultrymen know that much of the

By Willard C. Thompson

quality of any flock of growing pullets was
determined when the parent breeders were
selected and made up into breeding flocks.
It is not the season now when anything can
be done about the inherent qualities possessed
by the 1941 chicks now at hand. We must
take the crop which is now hatched' and
make the best we can of it. It is the opinion
of experience that much of the efficient egg-
producing quality of the year’s egg layers is
traceable back to what happened to those
birds when they were going through the
period of development on the range. So, much
may be done in this present Summer with
what pullet chicks are at hand toward mak¬
ing an improved lot of potential egg layers
for next Fall and Winter.

There is no place where strong, vigorous,
healthy pullets can be grown better and
more cheaply than in the great out-of-doors.
On the open range, in the wood-lot, or in the
grassy field are to be found, naturally pro¬
vided as a rule, those factors of environment
which are essential to normal, natural growth
and development. What are these factors?
Well, (1) direct sunshine provides anti¬
rachitic elements which— ward off rickets and
leg weakness and promote sturdy body ma¬
turity. The farm poultry range should have
on it areas which are out in the open, where
the Summer’s sun can strike the young
pullets direct. It will also be necessary to
protect the pullets from too much Summer
sun. Trees or shrubs on the poultry range
afford this shield against too much sun.
Colony houses, or Summer shelters, with roofs
painted silver or white will in themselves
afford much protection against intense noon
day Summer sun. Corn, or sunflower, or
other leafy, tall farm crops may be planted
on the poultry range to guarantee this needed
protection. And yet, one must not forget that
growing pullets will need some subjection to
the direct rays of the sun, for the ultra¬
violet rays are *a cheap insurance against
rickets. (2) Fresh air, a wealth of it, un¬
limited in extent, is an essential to health¬
ful growth. Pullets require space, room, and
unlimited fresh air. Farm pullet colonies
should be distributed over the fields so that
each lot will be uncrowded. We recommend
not more than 60 young pullets, counted and
divided into growing flocks at about 8 to 10
-weeks of age and when they are out from
under the need of artificial heat, to be put
into one colony and into one house or Summer
shelter. This number will rarely prove to be
too numerous for optimum development, it

will avoid over-crowding. (3) Colony houses,
each with its quota of about 60 young
pullets, should be located at least 100 feet
apart, because most of the pullets will not
wander more than about 75 feet away from
their own colony house on Summer days.
This arrangement of colony shelters on a
field or range will tend to assure a more
sanitary, and probably grass-covered soil
area around each colony house, and that is
important. (4) It will further aid good pullet
growing, if the colony units can be moved
onto fresh area at least twice during the
Summer. This should avoid the total wear¬
ing down of the crop on any one spot, and
should prevent the hard caking of the soil
on the land just around the colony house,
and the accumulation of an unsanitary and
unsafe load of manure. Pullets need to run
over a well-drained, drainable soil surface.

Pullet Shelters

For several years now we have been recom¬
mending the use of Summer range shelters
for optimum pullet-rearing, because they are
simple, economical structures which furnish
unlimited fresh air, protection at night, and
at mid-day from the hot sun. The principal
essentials of a good Summer shelter -are: (1)
a white roof which will absorb a minimum
of heat from the Summer sun; (2) wire sides
which will impede no air movement and yet
which will protect the birds on perch at night
against enemies, predatory and otherwise;
(3) Wire floor through which the droppings
may fall, out of contact with the birds, or
their food and water. The shelter need not
be larger than about 6x8 feet, and therefore
is light in weight and may be easily moved
by hand. It need not be higher than about
40 inches at the peak. We have prepared our
plans for the New Jersey Collapsible Summer
Shelter on a knock-down basis, that is each
side, the roof, and the floor sections are built
in separate units, which are fastened together
with hooks and eyes. This means that our
shelter may be quickly dismantled, and
stored away between seasons, thus adding
years to its durability.

Summer Feed Hoppers

After the colony shelters have been located
out on the range it will be necessary to pro¬
vide for each unit a dry mash hopper at least
6 feet long, from each side of which the
young pullets may eat at will, thus provid¬
ing 12 feet of feeding space for each 60
pullets. This dry mash hopper should be built
low, just off the ground, to promote more fre¬
quent use of it, and it should be provided
with an (Continued on Page 358)

Left : This range mash hopper is 6 feet long, for 60 pullets, covered, easily home-made, and efficient. Right : This N. J. collapsible Summer shelter,
built in sections , has a white roof, for coolness, raised perches and a wire floor, for sanitation. For 60 pullets, easily moved and readily disassembled

at the close of the range season.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

347

Europe Meets Starvation

By Ora Smith

by adding water, salt and bread and can be German invasion and about 910,000 barrels
cooked in hamburger or sausage cake style of oil came from the catch. German chemists

by adding butter, cream and spices. About can treat this oil so that it is edible. In
Most of those who read, these lines enjoy 2.2 pounds of artificial meat are said to con- Iceland studies were made of the uses of
three square meals a day without much tain 3,727 calories and to consist of 40 per herring oil in the manufacture of paints, soaps
immediate concern whether or not they are cent carbohydrate and 22.3 per cent white and margarine. Flax seed was produced ex¬
consuming the proper balance and amounts albumin. The cost of four portions is said perimentally in Denmark,
of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, to be less than 20 cents. In Sweden the total agricultural crop yield

and minerals. This does not mean, of course, Vitamin C tablets are being administered is about 70 per cent greater than 50 years

that such knowledge is not important, but in Germany under government auspices, ago and the output of milk has expanded
merely that without a great deal of effort or Extensive plantings of wild roses alongside more than five-fold. A drug, colchicine, which
forethought most of us receive well-balanced the arterial motor roads might be interpreted when applied to plants often produces extra
meals because of the abundance of food and by the passerby as a road beautification pro- large plants, has been applied in producing
the availability of natural raw materials for ject but they have been planted as sources giant trees of larch. A commercial process

our meals. of Vitamin C. A railway planting of 400,000 has been developed for extracting Vitamin C

But the moment one begins to talk about shrubs was made for the same purpose, from roses. Pine and juniper needles have
the food supplies of European countries, the Sandthorn berry was found to be rich in also been found to be utilizable sources of
word “substitute” bobs up, because it is Vitamin C. A national campaign was opened Vitamin C. The use of seaweed as animal

substitutes which are there all too often against rickets by using an oil claimed to be fodder has been studied, and fodder cellulose

„ i. i.x_ ---« is being made by pulp mills for

mixing with other kinds of cattle
feed. A chemical plant for ex¬
tracting and hardening herring
oil is to be built.

The introduction of whale meat
in Japan was attempted recently
but is reported to have met with
unfavorable acceptance. It seems
that besides a strong flavor the
meat is normally quite tough.
Possibly whale meat palatability
could be much improved by
treatment with one of the newly
developed tendering processes
which through the enzyme action
reduces the toughness and also
changes the flavor. As about half
the whale is flesh and the annual
catch may yield two million tons

John E. Blake, Pleasant Valley, N. Y. raised this ram and ewe by cross- economic rossihiTitip^f WhpL
mg a purebred Suffolk ram with purebred Shropshire ewes. The ram in . CO 0 c possibilities. Where meat

the foreground is a three-year-old and for two years sheared 12V2 lbs. of 1S scarce, it certainly is very
three-inch % wool. In Mr. Blake’s opinion this cross makes a more hardy cheap, selling at a price of six
sheep which does well in Dutchess Conuty climate. He states the sheep to seven cents a pound
have large chops, good-sized legs, and are also much easier to keep clean. ^

The ewes, according to Mr. Blake, make the best mothers of any sheep he

has ever raised.

necessary to maintain life and
well being. This article is con¬
cerned with accomplishments of
experimental or research work
with foods in foreign countries,
many of which are at war,
during the year 1940.

For instance, in Germany, in
order to expand the agricultural
yield to maximum levels by the
best use of fertilizer, all farmers
upon request are required to sub¬
mit to authorities samples of their
soil for analysis. The plan pro¬
vides for each of the 70 agri¬
cultural experiment stations to
conduct some 25,000 tests annu¬
ally, the number of tests to be
increased to about 100,000 a year
per station after the program has
become well established. They
have acquired an estate in the
Alps to be used as an experiment
station in the study of cultivation
of grains and highland pastures.

Although no foods were pre¬
served by quick-freezing methods
three years ago, approximately

In Hungary the government has
been encouraging the manufacture
of tobacco seed oil — used in soap

- . , . luuav-w accu - u&eu in soap

one-htth is now so preserved. Dried vege- high in Vitamin D. The. German Livestock manufacture and as an edible oil. The ex¬
tables are in military use in improved form. Syndicate increased the collection of glands tracted meal is reported to be suitable as a
New refiigerant gases have been found for for medicinal purposes, and experiments were livestock feed. Tobacco seed oil is also re¬
quick freezing. As tin is very scarce they continued on the production of medicinal ceiving attention in Bulgaria. German

now have tinless, phosphated steel cans for extracts from whale glands. Since tea and capitalists have shown interest in the pro-

fiuits and vegetables. They also are striving coffee are very scarce, the supply of the drug duction of cellulose from cornstalks and

foi resin substitutes and materials which caffeine, found largely in coffee, is very low. plans have been worked out for small mills

will be suitable for impregnating cardboard Uric acid is being tried as a substitute raw using this raw material.

containers. material. Medicinal herbs are being gathered In England the Food Investigation Board

A method has been devised for extracting by youth organizations; chestnuts have been has studied the function of nitrate and bacteria
the better substances from soybeans; soy- used as a source of alcohol. in the curing of bacon and hams. The quality

bean flour is being used in large quantities Fodder yeast, that is, yeast to be fed of kipper was found to vary with the fat
foi feeding the soldiers. “Migetti” is a food animals, is cultivated from sulfate liquor content. The “Macon” that one hears about

product similar to rice in appearance and under industrial conditions. There also are is cured mutton or lamb. A small scale plant

use, made mainly from potatoes and whey, experiments in the production of albumin for to dry foodstuffs has been in operation at
and substance called lactalbumin was pro- animals from calcium carbide. It has been Cambridge. Low concentrations of acetylene
posed as a substitute for egg albumin. suggested that this “ersatz” or substitute an illuminating gas, have been successful in

Germany has been notably low in edible fodder be tried on Norwegian cattle. Formic hastening the ripening of plums. Better

fats for several years. Accordingly farmers acid, the acid which makes bee stings so methods of storing bananas also have been

have been urged to plant one-half million painful, has been tried for the conservation studied. To prevent the rotting of citrus fruits
acres in oil-producing seed such as rape, of silage. from green mold the fruit is washed with a

soybeans, caraway and poppy in 1941 in an Without a doubt the supply of fats in hot concentrated solution of borax before

effort to increase fat supplies. They have Germany has been augmented by the Nor- storage. Chemically treated wrappers also
treated sesame oil in such a way that when wegian supply. Norwegian whaling for the prevent other fruits from rotting. Fruit is

added to lard it prevents rancidity. Pro- 1940 season was completed just before the preserved in the home bv the use of notaq

tection to many vegetable oils is • v

obtained by addition of oat oil

The meat of the whale is said
to resemble beef in appearance,
and taste by scientists of the
University of Hamburg. It is
claimed that if it is suitably pre¬
pared it has no oily flavor. When
fresh, whale meat can be canned,
smoked, dried, pickled, or pre¬
served by freezing. It is some¬
times made into sausage or
“corned beef.”

Hungarians are now eating
“ersatz” meat concocted cheaply
from 12 garden plants and vege¬
tables, and Germany is expected
to borrow the idea for large scale
production. Put up as a powder,
this meat invention is made edible

Note: The author wishes to ac¬
knowledge that some of the ma¬
terial in this article was obtained _

from the News Edition, American Photo— p. b. Oakley, Geneva, N. y.

Chemical Society and front Science A sample of contour strip cropping in Madison County, New York that
Supplement. is replacing the conventional square fields.

sium metabisulfite tablets.

A process has been evolved for
producing an oxide film on tin¬
plate which has been found
effective with many canned vege¬
tables and meat products, but
has given poor results with fruits.
Starch has been produced from
fruit sugar through the aid of
an enzyme derived from potatoes.
All margarine other than that
sold for manufacturing purposes
is to contain Vitamins A and D
in the same amounts as in butter.

Red palm oil has been pro¬
posed as a substitute for cod liver
oil as a source of Vitamin A.
Vitaminized peanut oil standard¬
ized to contain Vitamins A and
D in the same proportions as in
cod liver oil has also been sug¬
gested, and research has been
conducted in the conservation of
straw into animal feed by treat¬
ing (Continued on Page 351)

348

May 31, 1941

Grange News

Dates have been set for the Middle
Atlantic Conference of Grange
Lecturers, which is to convene this
year at College Park, Maryland,
August 12-15. A large number of
Grange workers are certain to be
brought together. A similar confer¬
ence at Amherst, Mass., comprising
the New England group of Grange
Lecturers, is scheduled for the
following week in August, the exact
dates being 18-21. In both cases
the Grange gathering will be held
at the State College, with housing
facilities afforded in the college
dormitories.

No more important announce¬
ment in Grange circles is made the
whole year through than the list of
winners in the National Highway
Safety Contest, which is conducted
each year jointly by the National
Grange and the Highway Education
Board, and which results in a great
number of competitors for the
generous cash prizes offered. This
year’s competition had fully a score
of states represented and some
magnificent safety work in local
communities was done by enterpris¬
ing Granges. In all cases the general
public was benefited, and the total
of work accomplished in this com¬
petition is almost beyond belief.
First prize of $100 was won by
Denmark Grange, No. 1544 at Dorset,
Ohio; second prize, $50 Rubidoux
Grange No. 611 at Riverside, Cal.;
third prize $25 Winona Grange No.
1038 at Endicott, Wash. Ten other
Granges won $10 apiece and a
further list of 15 Granges carried
off $5 awards. It is expected that
the same competition under similar
auspices will be conducted the
coming year, and that there will be
an increase in contestants is assured
by the fact that their number has
been growing each year since this
competition was started.

A unique form of community
service work has just been per¬
formed by Fitchburg Grange in
Massachusetts which learned that
the otherwise well-equipped hospi¬
tal of the city was seriously lacking
in clocks. Consequently the Grange
took the money which had been
raised by various cooperative means,
purchased a number of attractive
clocks, and had them installed at
conspicuous points in the hospital
rooms. The patients were delighted,
the Grange gained much publicity,
and the committee which carried out
the project is now searching for
other equally practical forms of
community service.

Owing to the discontinuance of
many lines of rural railway in the
country sections on account of lack
of business, the mail facilities have
been crippled to an alarming extent.
To meet this condition the govern¬
ment has adopted a new form of
service in the line of traveling Post
Offices. The first of these mail
coaches was put in service last
February between Washington, D.* C.
and Harrisonburg, Va. A similar
route was placed in operation be¬
tween Indianapolis and South Bend,
Indiana, on May 3. These routes pro¬
vide swift and efficient mail service
and the coaches are provided with
every convenience for transacting
any and all lines of mail service.
Before many years, this method of
mail delivery and service will be
universally adopted and put in daily
operation. George M. More

New York

D* RURAL NEW-YORKER

Western New York Apple Festival

“Health to thee, good apple tree,
Well to bear pocketsful, hatsfull,
Pecksful, bushel bagsful.”

Devonshire Folk Song

A wanton May wind moved gently
across Western New York orchards
as more than 20,000 residents of eight
counties attended Western New
York’s Annual Apple Blossom
Festival held in Canandaigua,
Ontario County, early this month.

Roland D. Foley, Buffalo, president
of the New York State Breeders’
Association greets Miss Betty Jane
Lewis of Sodus, crowned as Western
New York’s Apple Blossom Queen.

The affair, sponsored by a regional
organization comprising Farm Bu¬
reaus, Home Bureaus, various
Granges and 4-H Clubs, The State
Department of Agriculture and
Markets, The Apple Institute and
other groups, was designed as a
tribute to beauty — the graceful
beauty of blossoms, the precise

beauty of rolling acres set with fruit
trees, and most important of all in
the eyes of a throng of beholders,
the surpassing beauty of the region’s
prettiest girls. Eight counties took part
in the annual fete: Ontario, Seneca,
Yates, Livingston, Genesee, Wayne,
Monroe, and Orleans. A brown eyed,
18 year old girl now rules as “Queen
of Appleland” in Western New York.

Miss Betty Jane Lewis, of Alton,
a Sodus High School senior was se¬
lected as Queen of Appleland. Other
candidates were: Ontariot Natalie
Fake, 16, Gorham; Monroe, Marcia
Thompson, 18, Henrietta; Genesee,
Lillian Mansell, 16, Corfu; Livings¬
ton, Norma Chasey, 17, Nunda;
Senece, Florence Troutman, 18,
Romulus; Yates, Mildred Arn, 17,
Dundee; Orleans, Edna Ball, 16,
Albion.

The Apple Blossom Festival is an
annual event held by the Western
New York Festival Association, Inc.
with headquarters in Rochester.
Herbert W. Bramley of Rochester is
president; Francis H. Blake, Albion
and Mrs. Stewart N. Johnston of
LeRoy, vice-presidents; Kendrick J.
Smith, Newark, treasurer; J. Frank¬
lin Bonner, Churchville, secretary;
Frank W. Beneway, Ontario, and
Howard Bloomfield, Rochester, direc¬
tors. When apple blossom time
comes to Western New York, it
means that Nature throws off its
Winter cloak; that the landscape is
smiling with the promise of the
future. In ancient times men and
women celebrated the return of
Spring with merrymaking and fes¬
tivities. The cares and hardships of
the long cold months were forgotten
for the moment. Stock grazed in the
green fields; men exulted in turning
new furrows; the trees that had been
drab for so many months gave forth
their blossoms and fragrance; youth
danced and sang and the May queen
was crowned. Though conditions
have changed and life is grimmer
for many persons, the Spirit of
Spring lives on. The Festival in
Western New York is a continuing
form of this spirit. P. B. Oakley

The 4-H Club of Wayne County had
a most attractive float at Western
New York’s Apple Blossom Festival.

Photos — P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.

Yates County’s Float

ni ■ uTC all leading

rLARIa varieties

100 600 1000
postage postage postage 1000
prepaid prepaid prepaid F.O.B.

Tomato . $0.60 $1.50 $2.00 $1.25

Cabbage . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Pepper . 60 2.00 3.50 2.50

Cauliflower . 1.00 4.00 6.00 5.50

Sweet Potato . 55 2.00 3.50 3.00

Egg Plant . 75 3.00 5.00 4.00

Brussell Sprout .. .55 1.50 2.50 1.75

Broccoli . 60 2.00 3.00 1.50

Collard . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Lettuce . 50 1.35 2.00 1.50

Beet . 50 1.50 2.50 1.50

Celery —

Ready June 20th .55 2.00 3.50 3.00

Flowering Plants % s fit

Calendula, Cosmos, Celosia, Snapdragon,
Gallardia, Alyssum, Chrysanthemum,
Larkspur, Calliopsis, Petunia, Phlox,
Balsam. Strawflower, Centaurea, Blue
Lace Flower, Verbena, Scabiosa, Amaran-
thus, Alyssum, Stocks, Snow-on-Mt.,
lVic each postage prepaid.

Plants grown from selected seed stock; all
plants carefully packed in Live Moss.
We guarantee goqd delivery.
q.. Je A complete line of high grade
OccQS seeds. Before ordering seeds
we suggest sending for our catalogue.
Send for Free Catalog of Seeds and Plants

0R0L LEDDEN & SONS, SEWELL, N. J.

LARGEST GROWERS AND SHIPPERS OF
VEGETABLE PLANTS IN NEW JERSEY

100

500

1000

5000

$0.50

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7.50

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16.25

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2.00

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15.00

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2.40

10.00

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5.00

9.00

42.50

1.50

5.00

9.00

42.50

erent

plants

with 100

each

Business Bits

Taking as a basis for its experi¬
mental work a bulletin published
by one of the Experiment Stations,
entitled “The Diagnosis and Control
of Mastitis,” Sterling Research Cor¬
poration of Buffalo, N. Y. has caused
to be made certain extended ex¬
perimental tests which they believe
will be helpful to dairymen.

Predicating these tests upon the
fact that the Brom Thymol Blue
Test gives certain color reactions
when the milk of affected animals
is subjected thereto, the Research
Company has created a large 11x14
chart in four colors by means of
which any breeder or dairyman may
easily determine the degree or
severity of the infection of any
animal tested.

By using the chart as a guide to
these color reactions, any dairyman
is equipped to make his own com¬
parison and to know with a reason¬

able degree of accuracy the pro¬
gress the mastitis infection has made
as applied to any particular animal.
Likewise, knowing the degree or
severity of the infection, he knows
what action to take by way of
segregation, treatment, or other dis¬
position of the cow. As an added
feature, this chart carries a test for
35 cows, with each month ruled off
with spaces wherein may be entered
a record of each test made during
the year and the result of such test.

Readers can obtain full particu¬
lars by writing Sterling Research
Corp., Dept. B-5, 775 Main St.,

Buffalo, N. Y.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER MAY 31, 1941
FARM TOPICS

Europe Meets Starvation . ; . 347

Western New York News . 351

News From New Jersey . 364

HORTICULTURE

Western N. Y. Apple Festival . 348

Horticultural Notes . 349

Ruralisms .

Progress in the Mucklands . 351

Potato Planting in Steuben County .... 351
Takes Over Apple and Pear Crops .... 352
LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

A Letter to Secretary Wickard . 352

License for Waverly Plant Denied - 353

Ulster County Dairymen Protest - 353

Calf Care and Feeding . 354

We Ride Again . ••• . 355

WOMAN AND HOME

Fooling the Moths . 356

Try Something New . 356

Timely Recipes . . 356

Diet and Disease Part II . 357

THE HENYARD

Poultry Life on the Range . 346

Production Trends . 352

Coccidiosis Control and Preventions .. 359
MISCELLANEOUS

Aid to Men in Military Service . 352

Our Great Democracy . . 353

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vegetable

V PLANTS

CABBAGE PLANTS: grown from YELLOWS RE¬
SISTANT SEED. Grows good crops where others fail.
Golden Acre, Marion Market, Allhead Select, Wis.
Allseason, Globe and Wis. Ballhead.

TOMATO; John Baer, Stokesdale, Scarlett Topper,
Marglobe, Rutgers and Stone.

... _ _ Parcel Poet

We Pay Transportation or Express

100

Cabbage . $0.50

Tomato .

Pepper . . . Jjjj

Sweet Potato .

Broccoli, Lettuce & Be
Egg Plant, transplanted
Pepper, transplanted .

Combination orders of d - .

must be charged at the 100 rate. Request Catalog
for less than 100 rate.

C. E. FIELD PLANT FARM

SEWELL, NEW JERSEY, Location Barnsboro

PFE PLANT CATALOG

Send today for this Valuable 58-
Page Fruit Book. Describes and
illustrates in colors all the new
and better paying varieties of
Strawberries, Raspberries, Black¬
berries, Grapes, New Boysenberry,
Peaches, Apples, Pears, Plums, Cher¬
ries, and Vegetable Plants. It’s a
complete culture guide for the com¬
mercial grower and the home garden
planters. Written by a lifelong fruit
grower. It’s FREE!

LW. TOWNSEND SONS

40 Vine Street, Salisbury, Maryland

Transplanted Strawberry

and Raspberry plants. Best for June and July plant¬
ing. All leading varieties. 58 years in business.
Catalog free. L. J. Farmer, Dept. R.N. Pulaski, N. Y.

Fresh Dub, Certified Strawberry Plants. Premier, Dor¬
set Fairfax, Dunlop, Aberdeen, Clarmont. Dresden:
1 00- 80c: 300-$ 1 .90 ; 500-$2.50; 1 000- $5. Trans, coll.

R. TURNBULL, BOX 36, MAPLE VIEW, N. Y.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

100 Acres This Season. All Now Ready

TOMATO: Marglobe, Master Marglobe, Rutgers,
Baltimore, John Baer, Bonnibest, and Stone $1.75-
1000; 10,000-$ 1 5.00. Cabbage Plants all leading
varieties including Yellows Resistant $1.00-1000.
Sweet Potato Plants; Nancy Halls, Porto Ricos
and Big Stem Jerseys $1.75-1000; $15.00-10,000.
We use certified (treated) seeds and cultivate
our plants which gives them a better root system.
The difference you pay will be regained in by
increased crop production. Shipping capacity over
500 thousand daily.

J. P. COUNCILL CO., FRANKLIN, VA.

CERTIFIED SWEET POTATO PLANTS

Big Stem Jersey, Maryland Golden, Porto Bico. Also
Tomato and Pepper. Write for price list.

REDERICK H. LORD - BELLE HAVEN, VA.

new ground disease free grown plants.
jDCCIal liClllUCU Leading early late tomato, cabbage,
onion, broccoli, $1.00-1000; $4.00-5000. Potato, peppers,
$1 50-1000. Expressed collect. Fresh delivery guaranteed.

RELIABLE PLANT FARMS, FRANKLIN. VIRGINIA

2 AAA AAA Sweet potato plants Yellow Jersey,
,UUU,UUU Big Stem, Maryland Golden $1.95
Der 1000 parcel post prepaid. Cash with order.

CHARLES E. BROWN, BRIDGEV1LLE, DELAWARE

CERTIFIED tomato plants, Marglobe, Bonnie Best,
Baltimore, $1.25-1000; 75c-500; Peppers. $1.50-1000;
500-SI . ; Cabbage, $1-1000; 500-65c. Free catalog.

SIMS PLANT COMPANY, Pembroke. Georgia

DI ANTC Postpaid; Aster, Ageratum, C’ nation, Col-
lLnllli) umbine, Daisy, Delphinium, Pansy, Pinks,
Pyrethrum, (Petunia, separate and mixed colors) doz. 35e

4 doz, $1,00, List. Glick Plant Farm, Smoketown, Pa,

Certified Raspberries

Fifteen varieties. Blueberries, Blackberries, Straw¬
berries, Grapes, Asparagus, Fruit Trees, Shrubs etc.
Guaranteed. Prices low. Catalog free.

BAKER'S NURSERY, HOOSICK FALLS, NEW YORK

1 00 GLADIOLUS BULBS Postpaid

Thirty or more selected varieties, carefully blended
into a gorgeous rainbow assortment. We include ail
colors, from purest white to rich purple, blue, and
maroon. Bulbs are strong blooming size, 1 inch
or more in diameter. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Mention The Rural New-Yorker for 5 PICAIIDY.
the wonder glad, free. Order today or send for
interesting free catalog.

F. F. & F. O. SHEPARDSON

GLADLAND GARDENS PLAINVILLE, MASS.

r\„L1* 0„mmf 12 selected roots large flowering
Uanlia Bargains varieties $2.00. 8 old time favorites
$1.00. 15 mixed in handling $1.00. 6 pompons assorted
colors $1.00. 5 cut flower singles $1.00. 5 dainty
miniatures $1.00. Send for illustrated list. C. LOUIS
ALLING, 251 R Court Street, West Haven, Conn.

VEGETABLE PLANTS

Copenhagen Market, Golden Acre, Early Jersey and
Charleston, Wakefields, Flat Dutch, Danish Ballhead
cabbage plants; 300-50c; 500-75c; l,000-$l.25 prepaid.
Marglobe, Stone, Greater Baltimore tomato plants; 300-
50c: 500-80c; l,000-$l.50 prepaid. Prizetaker onions
same price as tomato. Certified Porto Rico potato 300-
75c; 500-$ 1 .00 ; 1,000-$ 1 .75 prepaid. Snowball Cauli¬
flower, 50C-100. Write for prices on large orders.
Good plants, well packed.

BUSY BEE PLANT FARM, FRANKLIN. VIRGINIA

T _ , grown from Certified Seed. Mar-

1 OHlatO rianis f-lobe, Pritchard, Rutgers, Balti¬
more 75C-1000. California Wonder Pepper Plants
$2.00-1000 or 25C-100. Hotr-Pepper; Long Red Cayenne,
same price. Certified Porto Rico Potato Plants $1.00-
1000. White Bermuda Onion Plants 75C-1000. Cabbage
Plants: Copenhagen, Wisconsin, Hollander No. 8,
Flat Dutch 75C-1000.

QUITMAN PLANT CO., QUITMAN, GEORGIA

CELERY, CELERIAC, BROCCOLI, BRUSSELS
SPROUTS, CABBAGE, and RUTABAGA TURNIP
PLANTS. We will have millions of these field grown
strong, disease free plants ready for shipment about
June 20. Prices for Celery and Celerlac 30C-100; $2.00-
1000; $1.75-1000 over 5000. Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts,
Cabbage and Rutabaga Turnip 25c-100; $1.50-1000;
$1.25-1000 over 5000. All F. O. B. Canastota.
WARNER CELERY CO., CANASTOTA, NEW YORK

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal,” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

349

Horticultural Notes

■— By H. B. Tukey -

The frozen food locker system is
growing remarkably. Started first as
a storage for meat, it developed
into general usefulness for the stor¬
ing of fresh fruits and vegetables
by farmers. Now it seems various
groups are getting together and
actually purchasing produce by the
carload and bringing it in to be
prepared and stored by the customers
of the plant. With the development
of domestic refrigerators with stor¬
age trays for 5 to 20 pounds of pro¬
duce, the central locker takes on
added value, since a trip now and
then to the central plant serves
easily to keep the home unit re¬
plenished for immediate needs.

# * * *

The war has brought another odd
crop to the fore, namely, juniper
berries from the decumbent form of
the common juniper (Juniperus
communis var depressa). Formerly
imported from Europe, especially
from Italy, the war has interrupted
shipments. Prices are said to be in
the neighborhood of 35 cents a pound
for the dried, ripe berries — used by
the wholesale drug tade.

* * * *

The Santa Clara Pear Association
claims to have disposed of more than
15,000 boxes of Comice pears under
the trade name “Out of the West”
as holiday gift package fruit. This
compares with an experimental
movement of 1,600 boxes the preced¬
ing year.

* # * <f>

The Redhaven peach, originated
at the South Haven Experiment
Station, South Haven, Michigan, from
a cross between Halehaven and
Kalhaven in 1930, is attracting
some attention. The fruit ripens
early — some say as early as Oriole,
a month befoi'e Elberta — medium in
size, slightly elongated in shape and
usually almost completely covered
with a brilliant red color. The de¬
scription goes on further to say:
“Where the ground color shows it
is bright yellow, the skin is smooth
and tough. The flesh is firm, fine-
textured, moderately sweet in flavor
and of good quality. Apparently the
stone is always free. The firm flesh
and tough skin indicate better hand¬
ling qualities than are usually found
in a peach of this season.”

* si; SR :j:

The Pacific Rural Press pictues a
17y2-foot spray tower of light steel,
mounted on pneumatic tires, as used
by Ross Benson of Kellseyville,
California, who claims that the
height permits spraying down into
the calyx cups in Spring and has
“reduced our worm production from
20 to one-half per cent in two years.
Also three lead sprays are now re¬
quired instead of five which yielded
the 20 per cent worm crop.”

* * * *

The blackberry is one of the worst
weeds with which the New Zealand
farmer has to contend, according to
the New Zealand Journal of Agri¬
culture. Among standard methods of
control are the use of goats, cutting
with a slash-hook and burning off,
plowing and cropping for a year,
spraying with sodium chlorate, and
dusting with dry sodium chlorate
mixed with 20 parts of lime.

* * * *

Materials which have helped to
keep cut flowers as used by Alex
Laurie and D. C. Kiplinger of Ohio
are: One ounce of hydrazene sul¬
fate in one quart of water to make
a stock solution, used at the rate
of one teaspoonful to a quart of
water plus one tablespoonful of cane
sugar; one-fourth teaspoonful of
potassium aluminum sulfate (alum)
plus one tablespoonful of cane sugar
per quart of water; one gram of
Santomerse penetrator plus one
tablespoonful of cane sugar per
quart of water. Roses were kept two
to three days longer and carnations
three to four days longer when
treated with these materials.

* * * *

Orange juice often develops a
bitter flavor upon standing a few
hours. This flavor is due, it is said,
to the presence of a glucoside found

largely in the inner peel and sege-
ment walls. Oxidation and similar
changes which proceed after the
juice has been extracted, lead gradu¬
ally to the full amount of bitterness
possible with the particular content
of glucoside in the particular sample
of juice. It is found that the bitter-
nes can be reduced by choice of
variety, by proper maturity of fruit,
and by extraction under best con¬
ditions. The Valencia orange is
superior in relative freedom from
bitter taste juice. Immature fruits
contain more glucoside than im¬
mature ones. Machinery that does
not tear the peel and the segement
walls excessively, so as not to in¬
crease the amount of glucoside in
the juice, gives the best product.

* * * *

Suggested varieties of apples for
the Stanthorpe District of Australia
are the Granny Smith, the Delicious,
the Lalla (Red Delicious), the
Winesap, and the Red Statesman,
and perhaps the Gravenstein. Of
these the Granny Smith is most
highly recommended, the statement
being made that even if the planting
of this variety were doubled or even
trebled there should be no difficulty
in marketing the fruit at existing
or even enhanced prices. Among
pears the Williams Bon Chretian
(Bartlett), Packhams, Triumph, and
Beurre de Box (Beurre Bose?) are
recommended.

>1: #

In 1898 there were only 5,007
carload shipments of deciduous fruits
from California, that is, apricots,
cherries, grapes, peaches, pears,
plums, and various less important
fruits. By 1908 this figure had
doubled to 10,716 cars. By 1918 it
had increased five-fold to 27,422. In
1928 it was 83,894, having reached
the peak of 87,389 the preceding year.
From those peak years it has de¬
clined until in 1938 it stood at 42,418
cars. It has remained in the neighbor¬
hood of 40,000 cars for the last eight
years. Among the various fruits,
grapes are responsible for the great¬
est total, ranging from 734 cars in
1898 to 69,320 in 1927, and back to
32,792 in 1940. All of which beai's
out the statement so frequently made
that there is nothing quite so certain
as change — even in the fruit
business.

* $ <: <:

D. S. Blair in the planting num¬
ber of Canadian Horticulture and
Home discusses apple varieties for
northern sections, summarized as
follows: Red Melba — superior to
Melba in firmness of flesh and in
keeping quality as well as in appear¬
ance; “unquestionably the most at¬
tractive and highest quality early
apple grown.” Early McIntosh —
ripens little later than Melba, fruits
inclined to run small, most attrac¬
tive, juicy and tender but not as
good in quality as Melba. Atlas —
resembles well-colored winter St.
Lawrence, ripe in early September,
good dessert and excellent cooking
apple and ships well; “has a definite
place on our fruit lists.” Milton —
handsome and very good quality,
must be marketed quickly, “strictly
a roadstand and local market apple,
with lots of color and quality.”
Macoun — excellent keeper in com¬
mon and cold storage and longer
marketing period than McIntosh;
should be planted on a limited
scale. Linda — very highly colored,

aromatic, firm, crisp white flesh,
hangs on tree well, early and
annual bearer, should not be sold
until after mid-January; “because of
excellent keeping properties is the
most promising Winter apple for
Eastern Ontario and Quebec or¬
chards.” Sandow — outstanding Spy
seedling, picked early October, same
season as Northern Spy but more
attractive, keeps well into April;
“should be given an extensive trial
in those regions where Spy is not
fully hardy.” Bancroft— Better keep¬
er than McIntosh, out of storage in
March, fruits washed with red, at¬
tractive, crisp flesh, good quality;
“new variety, which should be
given extensive trial.”

MODERN
FARM WAGONS

T OSE the leaves of hay and you lose
most of the protein. The direct-motion
cylinder of NEW IDEA Loaders picks up
clean from either swath or windrow —
delivers hay to the push bars without win¬
nowing action. The deck is closed — leaves
and short pieces cannot fall through. It
yields under heavy lifts to prevent destruc¬
tive jamming and compression. The bal¬
anced pushbars move the hay upward
without threshing action. The valuable pro¬
teins are saved — not scattered over the
field. Your dealer will gladly demonstrate
NEW IDEA Loaders (*), Rakes and Mowers,
Descriptive folders on request.

(*) Heavy Duty Model loader available tor hand¬
ling silage hay, green alialfa, peas, beans, etc.

o»

5 i

6 □

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L t_

V u
5 O

I-3

o □

_ M

° >
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• i/»

o’ «*

= o
oe

< e

S °

-o

American Beauty

DUSTERS

Biggest Bellows * most power
Finest Materials - longest life
Best Workmanship - least trouble

25 YEARS
The World's Finest

The entire top lifts off for easy fill¬
ing and cleaning. The bellows is oper¬
ated with a compound handle making
largest cloud and most power with
ease. All internal parts are brass or
cadmium plated to assure long life.
And by long life we mean that parts
are still available for American
Beauties made in 1922 and being
used. You too can have the best.

Write For Free Descriptive Booklet

LOS ANGELES CHEMICAL CO.

I960 Santa fe Ave. Los Angeles. Calif.

TOMATOES

a week earlier!
double the crop

with

*«g. U. S. rat O*

CHANGE THIS

and eliminates

the

usual setback

after

planting. It

can

also give you

earlier crop

with

One grower tripled his tomato
crop with TRANSPLANTONE
and started picking three
weeks earlier. TRANS-
PLAXTONE keeps plants
growing after they have
been set in the soil.

vegetables, ornamental
and flowering plants.

It reduces wilt
and produces faster

growth. Safe, eco¬
nomical and easy

to use.

THIS

3 oz. can $1.00

Makes 300 to 3000 gallons — depend¬
ing on use.

Buy from Your Local Dealer or Write to

AMERICAN CHEMICAL PAINT COMPANY

Horticultural Division 34, Ambler, Pa.

mssnKKSSSammmmmm

ONLY

ORIGINAL

FLEXIBLE-

GRAPPLE

LANTZ

HAY FORK

Lantz originated the
Flexible-Grapple Hay
. Fork — America’s fin-

l£_2' m est hay fork. There

have been imitators, yes, but as specialists in hay

fork design, Lantz always leads. Now Lantz gives you another
Important improvement in the new POSITIVE ACTION HEAD,

NO TROUBLE TRIPPING — This new, simple, patented,

exclusive head is fool proof. No sticking — never lets go un¬
til tripped. Safer, sturdier — saves time, work and U)
trouble. Cleans off rack. Best in design, ™

finer steel. Three sizes. Made by manu¬
facturers of the Lantz Kutter-Kolter.

WRITE for FREE literature and
name of dealer.

• LANTZ MFG. CO.

Dept. H Valparaiso, Ind.

9 EXCLUSIVE FEATURES
GIVE YOU

A Greater Strength
V Longer Life

A Greater Capacity

CONCRETE

METAL

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Send for

FREE FOLDER

GRANGE SILO CO.. Dept E-5, Red Creek, N.V.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New - Yorker and you'll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

350

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Ruralisms

Pofpy Seed as a Crop. — This
country has been a very large im¬
porter of the poppy seeds used by
bakers and confectioners, and as the
imports are now lessened, or entirely
ended, by war conditions, there has
been some suggestion that the seed
should be produced here. There is
however, one point that seems to
be overlooked. This is not the seed
of the field poppy from which so
many garden sorts are derived; it is
the oil or opium poppy, Papaver
somniferum, and the culture of this
plant is illegal without the restric¬
tions imposed by law. It is under
the jurisdiction of the Bureau of
Narcotics, Treasury Department,
Washington, D. C., apd any person
desiring to grow this plant must pay
an annual occupational tax; and aiso
register the possession of the plants,
and give monthly returns involving
transactions in this material. There
are State as well as Federal laws
regarding narcotic plants, so that
there is a fine web of red tape to
cover their production. Any intelli¬
gent person realizes the danger of
permitting the source of opium to
become readily obtainable. We be¬
lieve that commercial poppy seed is
rendered non-viable before entry.
No doubt it would be a profitable
crop under favorable conditions, but
it is not likely to appeal to American
growers when the legal difficulties
are considered. It is quite possible
that there are other medicinal plants
that may offer excellent possibilities
during this time of reduced imports.

Hedges and Hedge Plants. — Many
suburban communities encourage
open lawns without boundaries, and
a block of attractive homes well
landscaped, gives a charming park¬
like effect when there are no fences
or hedges. Unfortunately such open
property is always subject to tres¬
pass, and cost of upkeep is enor¬
mously increased by the damage done
to lawns, flower beds and shrubbery,
not only by children, but also by
adults. In Europe and Great
Britain walls and gates or doors are
a matter of course; here we are
likely to regard such protection as
somewhat exclusive. Hedges, how¬
ever, do afford protection, and may
also form part of the general land¬

scape design. Whatever material may
be used, it should be remembered
that the hedge is a permanent plant¬
ing, and careful preparation is
needed to insure satisfactory results.
Not only must the soil be well pre¬
pared and enriched in advance; the
hedge must also receive plant food
afterwards, and this is especially
necessary where adjacent trees may
impoverish the soil. For a small
place a closely trimmed formal
hedge is always preferable; where
■there is more room natural un¬
sheared growth is informal and at¬
tractive. Deep planting, with a level
surface, is demanded; if the soil is
mounded around the plant moisture
is drained away from the roots. Any
clipped hedge must always be
trimmed so that it is narrower at
the top than the bottom, a flat-topped
wedge being the proper form. If the
top is wider than the bottom the
lower growth is likely to die out,
spoiling the symmetry of the hedge.
A wide top also holds heavy snow,
which may bend the growth out of
shape. The typical American hedge
is the California privet, which we
see everywhere; it is not particular
as to soil, endures shade, and
flourishes in the city, or at the sea¬
shore. Its one weakness is lack of
hardiness in sub-zero weather, but
even if it dies back in a severe
Winter, the roots usually survive,
and it makes a vigorous growth after
being cut down. However, the Amur
privet, a Chinese variety of upright
growth, is much hardier, and is an
excellent hedge plant for the North.
Next to the privet, the Japanese
barberry may be regarded as an
especially popular hedge plant. It is
hardy, an attractive green all Sum¬
mer, and a beautiful red in Fall,
while its scarlet fruit persists in
Winter, and is attractive to birds. Its
thorns add to its value in discourag¬
ing trespass. The Japanese barberry
(Berberis Thunbergi) is not attacked
by the rust that renders the common
barberry a dangerous host. The dis¬

advantage of the ordinary form of
the Japanese barberry is that if it
is not kept within bounds it becomes
too broad and spreading, and with¬
out some pruning it becomes stragg¬
ly, with unsightly old growth. How¬
ever, there are improved forms that
are free from these defects. The
Mentor barberry, which is a cross
between Thunbergi and Berberis
Julianae, is erect in growth, an ideal
habit for a hedge, and the foliage is
carried right to the ground. Thus it
stays in shape without prunning and
forms a very dense growth. It is al¬
most evergreen in the North, very
hardy, yet able to withstand heat
and drought. We are under the im¬
pression that it does not fruit freely,
but the dark green foliage is very
attractive. There are other erect va¬
rieties such as the one called True
Hedge Column berry that are ex¬
ceedingly attractive in forming neat
hedges, without trimming. There is
one disadvantage, however, in the
way these thorny shrubs catch scraps
of paper and other debris, which
is carried away by the wind when
blown along a privet hedge. It is
difficult, too, to keep grass from
growing up among the branches; a
good deal of care is needed to keep
the bottom hoed out. The original
cost is higher than for privet. In spite
of these disadvantages, however, the
Japanese barberry remains our
favorite where a protective hedge is
needed. There is a very showy red-
leafed form.

Flowering Hedges. — As a rule,
flowering hedges take up more room
than shrubs that are kept trimmed,
and for this reason they need more
space. They are desirable along a
street or road, so long as they are
not allowed to extend over the pave¬
ment or footpath. However, the old
Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Syriacus)
makes an excellent hedge, trimmed
to a narrow pyramidal shape. As it
blooms late in the season it can be
cut to shape in early Spring with¬
out interfering with the flowers, and

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for April 1941 is $1.87 for 3.5 per
cent milk in the 201-210 mile zone This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk) $2.45 per
cwt.; Class 1 (relief) $1.88 per cwt.; Class

2- A (fluid cream) $1.96 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as folows: 2-B, $1^88; 2-C,
$1 738; 3-A, $1,675; 3-B, $1,688; 3-C, $1,518;

3- D $1,463; 4-A, $1,388; 4-B, $1,364
Fluid sales for the whole month of April
amounted to 203.463,105 pounds and there

was a total of 576.960,186 pounds of milk
in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 14 Vz cents,
27 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 36*4 to 37 Vic; 91 to 92
score, 36 to 36*/ic; 88 to 90 score, 35 to
35%c; unsalted, best, 37%c; 90 to 92 score,
3614 to 36%c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 27 Vi to 29c;
specials. 27c; standards, 25Vic; firsts, 24*,4c;
undergrades, 24c; exchange mediums, 23Vic;
Pacific Coast specials, 33c; standards, 31c;
mediums, 28c; Browns, extra fancy, 28,4c;
specials, 25'4c; standards, 24 Vic; mediums,
23c; duck eggs, 25c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 214 to 3 pounos
each; smaller breeds, IV2 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are the open¬
ing figures for best quality. Undergrades
and small sizes, proportionately lower.
Fowls, 23c; chickens, 22c; roosters, 14c;
turkeys, 17c; ducks, 13c; rabbits, lb., 16
to 20c.

DRESSED POULTRY
Fowls, 27c; broilers, 24Vic; turkeys, 27c;
capons, 32c; roosters, 18c; squabs, 35
to 40c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11; bulls, $8.50; cows, $8; calves,
$14; sheep, $5.50; lambs, $13; hogs, $9.25.
VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $3.50; stringbeans, bu.,.
$2.50; cabbage, lVi bu., $1.25; carrots, bu.,
50c; cauliflower, crate, $2; celery, crate,
$3; kale, bu., 50c; lettuce, bu., $1.50;
onions, 50 lbs.. $2; peas, bu., $1; peppers,
bu.. $2.50; radishes, bu., 65c; spinach, bu.,
60c; squash, new, bu., $1.75; turnips, white,
bu., $1.50; water cress, bunch, 2 to 6c.
FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.50; pears, bu., 70c; straw¬
berries, qt., 8 to 13c; oranges, box $3;
lemons, box, $4; grapefruit, box, $3.
HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1 Timothy, $20; No. 2, $18;
No. 3, $16; clover mixed, $22; straw, oat
and wheat, $14; rye, $19.

BUFFALO FEED

Standard middlings, $22.50; standard bran*
$23; corn. No. 2 yellow, 80c; oats. No. 2
white, 43 Vic; barley, No. 2, 61V4c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK
Butter, 43 to 45c; eggs, 40 to 45c; chickens,
32 to 35c; potatoes, lb., 2 to 3c; string-
beans, lb., 10c; peas, lb., 13 to 14c; oranges,
doz., 15 to 20c; apples, doz, 25 to 40c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 37 Vic; eggs, 32c; live fowls. 22c;
chickens, 21c; dressed fowls, 24c; chickens,
25c- squabs, lb. 35 to 40c; apples, bu.,
$1 50; carrots, bu., 60c; mushrooms,
bskt., 35 to 50c; potatoes,
sweet potatoes, bu., $1.25.

PITTSBURGH

100 lbs.,

3-lb.

$1.25;

Butter, 36c; eggs, 25c; hens, 21c; chickens,
20c; turkeys, 18c; apples, bu., $1.25,
potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.50; hay, $14.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11; bulls, $9; cows, $7.50; calves,
$11.50; lambs, $12; hogs, $9; pigs, $8.
LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11.25; cows, $8; bulls, $9; calves,
$11.50; sheep, $5; lambs, $12; hogs, $9.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 37c; eggs, 30c;; dressed fowls,
23c; ducks, 17c; turkeys, 28c; live fowls,
21c; chickens, 20c; apples, bu., $2; potatoes,
100 lbs., $1.30; carrots, bu., 75c; lettuce,
bu., 85c., onions, 50 lbs., $2; wool, 46 to 47c.

Albany County Notes

The Spring has been unusually dry
in this section with rainfall below
and temperature above normal.
Gardeners and berry growers ex¬
press concern for their crops unless
there is rain soon. In some cases im¬
provised irrigation is used to assure
a yield as a fair income is derived
from these products in the home
market. Few village residents take
the trouble to raise small fruits that
may be purchased, freshly picked,
and delivered from a neighborhood
garden at a moderate price.

As dairy farming is one of the
main sources of income, concrete
stables have been installed during
the past year in compliance with
the law, the older farmer investing
in modern equipment, in preference
to retirement from those daily duties
necessary in the care of a dairy that
some have followed for half a
century.

Poultry raising is on the increase,
if one may judge from the number
of chicks sold in the home hatcheries
that the more progressive dealers
are installing, thus adding to their
income from eggs, broilers and
poultry. A. E. M.

Japanese Beetle Control

I thought you might be interested
to give your subscribers the benefit
of the enclosed sketch of a beetle
trap that might help them when
those pests visit us this year.

This is Bill McGue’s opening
method. It is very simple to con¬
struct, but it actually catches
thousands of beetles on sunny days,
when they are most active.

Here is how to make it: A stake
is driven into the ground, a bit of
board nailed on top to set the pan
on, a straight narrow-necked bottle,
as in picture, filled with sand to
about an inch from the top, to
which add a teaspoonful of beetle
bait and a perforated cap on the
bottle. A little bait rubbed on the
bottle helps to attract. Fill the pan

Willian McGue and his beetle trap.

May 31, 1941

it will be well clothed with foliage
to the ground. Severe pruning does
not seem to lessen bloom, and it
makes a very showy hedge. It is
quite tolerant of shade, and not par¬
ticular as to soil, except that it does
not do well in light sand. We pre¬
fer the single-flowered sorts, be¬
cause the doubles do not always
open well. The variegated sorts
have showy foliage, but do not bloom
so well; if we were planting a Rose
of Sharon hedge we should select a
familiar single-flowered type with
plain green foliage. Any reliable
nursery offers a selection of stand¬
ard sorts. Some of the Spiraeas form
excellent flowering hedges, but they
need room. Perhaps the best Spiraea
for this purpose is S. Vanhouttei,
which makes a fountain of snowy
bloom in May. This grows five to
six feet tall; the dark green deeply
toothed rhomboid leaves are attrac¬
tive, and the clusters of white
flowers are borne so profusely as to
cover the branches. It stands partial
shade and poor soil. The more erect
bridal wreath, Spiraea prunifolia, is
less desirable for a hedge because
of its leggy, stiff growth; it looks best
when some lower shrub of compact
growth is planted in front of it. The
Japanese quince makes an effective
hedge, but needs room, as it will
grow both wide and tall. The bright
scarlet flowers in early Spring are
very welcome. Of course it must not
be pruned until flowering is over.
It suckers freely, which is not usu¬
ally an objection in a hedge, and if
desired the old plants may be
divided. The Chinese quince, with
light pink flowers, is not as hardy
as the Japanese variety, though there
are some good specimens in .our
locality that seem to be immune to
New Jersey Winters. In a favorable
locality the Chinese quince grows to
the size of a small tree. The For-
sythia is sometimes used to form a
hedge Where there is ample space,
but this spreads too widely for or¬
dinary use, and does not make a
protective boundary, being too open
at the bottom. The variety F. inter¬
media is considered best for a hedge,
as it has some erect and some
drooping branches. E. T. Royle

two-thirds full of water. As soon as
the beetles hit the bottle, they fall
into the pan. and that is the end
of them.

The trap should be set near the
plants that attract the beetles. It is
many times more effective than
any thing I have found on the
market. I have not found that the
color made the slightest difference.

As any old pans and bottles will
answer the purpose, the cost is only
a few cents, and the result is the
vicinity cleared of this destructive
pest.

I used a spoonful of arsenate of
lead in the pan at first, but I find
that clear water does the trick just
as well, and preserves the birds
from danger. The pans fill up very
rapidly and I then scoop them into
a pail filled with water and some
kerosene. Three traps catch about
ten quarts of beetles a day and that
means so many less to breed for
next year. w. h. m.

Westchester County, N. Y.

To School in a Bus

I thought your readers might be

interested in this poem that was

published in the New York Herald

Tribune. b. j.

Pennsylvania

As a wintered youngster I went to
school

To the triple R’s and a ehree-foot
rule;

I trudged two miles through the
unplowed drifts,

With only occasional bobsled lifts.

My toes were cold, but my cheeks
were red

As the little school where my mind
was fed,

And when I reached home with the
facts I’d learned,

I knew that my wisdom was surely
earned.

Today, in a crowded streamlined bus.

Youth rides to school while thetax-
payers fuss;

I’ll bet it would help in brains and
budget

If we scrapped the Jpus and made
’em trudge it.

Vk RURAL NEW. YORKER

351

Western New York News

Horticulture

Some 60,000 trees will be planted
on idle farm land in Steuben County
by vocational agricultural students
and 4-H Club members. Each boy
will plant 1,000 trees on approxi¬
mately one acre of idle land, pro¬
tect from fire and grazing and keep
a record of survival.

Many Genesee County farmers are
planting spinach for seed purposes
as a result of war-caused cessation
of imports of the seed from Holland
and Denmark. More than 500 acres
of land are said to be tilled for that
purpose.

Successful results obtained last
year from a pole bean project have
prompted farmers in Geneseo vicini¬
ty a second trial. The yield last year
was about three and a half to four
tons per acre as compared with one
or two tons per acre by ordinary
planting.

Livestock and Dairy

Public pasture lands, similar to
grazing lands in the West have been
made available to Schuyler and
Seneca County farmers. Situated in
the eastern area of Schuyler County
and the southern section of Seneca
County, the lands comprise 13,000
acres. The project is to be operated
through the soil conservation service.

The 3,168 cows included in the 177
herds of the dairy improvement
association of Steuben County, for
the year ending December 31, 1940,
produced a grand total of 13,000 tons
of milk, valued at more than $512,—
000, records reveal. This averaged
8,621 pounds per cow or 329 pounds
of butterfat. The average grain con¬
sumed by each cow was 2,400 pounds
with two tons of hay or ensilage and
the average feed cost per hundred
pounds was 84 cents, it is stated.

Designed to cut down sheep losses
in Yates County, the death penalty
has been decreed for any dog found
at large after sundown, unac¬
companied by its owner.

Poultry

Ralph M. Olin, Horseheads, has
given up milk for eggs — that is, he
has wound up 20 years as a dairy¬
man and gone into the poultry busi¬
ness. He has converted his hay barn
into a three-decker chicken house
accommodating 1,800 fowls. He has
more than 5,000 laying hens and
pullets. Olin declares the poultry
business produces more satisfactory
results than dairying.

Miscellaneous

Wyoming County fair officials are
already planning for a big horse
and poultry show to be held August
18-20. Warren White of Attica is the
new general superintendent of the
fair. P. B. o.

Progress in the Mucklands

Experiments in an effort to obtain
a lettuce strain which can be grown
during the entire season will be con¬
tinued this Summer under the au¬
spices of the Oswego County Farm
Bureau and State College. At the
present time Oswego County muck-
growers raise Imperial 44, which was
the outgrowth of several experi¬
ments. Imperial 44 does not stand
up well during the heat of Summer;
as a result Oswego County growers
must get their lettuce in early and
thus are restricted to a short season.
It is to overcome this condition that
experiments are being continued in
this county.

A new strain, unnamed to date,
has been developed, but not in
sufficient quantities to warrant com¬
mercial growing. Seed will be grown
this Summer and next season experi¬
ments on a commercial scale will be
undertaken. It is expected an ample
supply of seed will be available in
two years. When growers obtain a
strain that can be grown the entire
season it is expected a large acreage
of muck will be devoted to growing
iceberg lettuce and that Oswego
County will in part regain the po¬
sition it formerly held in eastern
markets, now lost to California
growers.

Growers in the vicinity of Fulton
have already started lettuce planting,
much earlier than usual. They re¬
port muck in fine shape and barring
unforseen difficulties, the season
should be good. The season last
year was very poor. A large acreage
of muck onions has been planted;
these onions are treated with for¬
maldehyde before planting as a pre¬
ventive against smut. a. j. o.

Europe Meets Starvation

(Continued from Page 347)
with caustic soda. The refining of
raw cane sugar from Cuba has been
started in beet sugar factories in
Eire.

Finland’s forests are being called
on to make good the country’s
present shortage in cattle feed, in the
production of an emergency ration
known as “pine oats.” The product
is claimed to be quite successful.
“Pine oats” is made by a modifica¬
tion of the ordinary process for pro¬
ducing soda paper pulp. The wood
is chipped into small pieces, which
are cooked in a pressure kettle with
a soda solution. The cooking is kept
up longer and at higher pressure
and temperatures than is the case
with ordinary paper pulp. The long¬
er it is cooked the more digestible
is the final product. After cooking,
the pulp is watered down to the
consistency of thin gruel, washed
free of sand and twigs, and spread
on screen trays to be drained of
water and dried in an oven. Then
it is chopped into fine bits, about
the size of oat grains, and stored
until needed. Cattle fed on an ex¬
perimental diet consisting exclusively
of “pine oats” got along all right,
but unfortunately gave little milk.
For regular feeding, a cow is given
a daily ration of 6y2 pounds of “pine
oats,” 6y2 pounds of hay and y3 of
a pound of mineral salts. Current
production of the new feed is 500
tons a day.

Finnish chemical engineers are
also undertaking the large-scale pro¬
duction of sugar from wood. This
sugar is not quite as sweet as beet
sugar, but is said to be quite satis¬
factory for preserves, jams and
similar products. Two wood-sugar
factories are now under construction.

From this very brief survey of
the practical research work which
is in progress we can more readily
understand the drastic conditions
under which battles are fought not
only at the front with deadly ma¬
chines but in the chemical labora¬
tories and in the minds of research
workers all over the continent.

How good it makes one feel to
think of the well-filled granary,
haymow, cowstalls and family fruit
and vegetable cellar, canned goods
shelves and pantry which most of
us enjoy in this country. May it
ever be thus.

Potato Planting in Steuben
County

Potato planting, one of the busiest
seasons of the year for the farmei’s
of this section whei'e the potato is
the main crop to be grown, has
come again. Cutting of the seed is
being done nearly entirely by women.
Each group of five or six women is
aided by one man who lifts the
heavy, hundred pound sacks into
place and cares for the cut seed.
One good eye on each cutting
is the general requirement, with the
cut seed being put into barrels and
treated with lime to stop the “bleed¬
ing,” Cut seed is never left longer
than ten days before going into the
ground, so no great quantities can
be prepared in advance. The wage
allowed in this section for cutting
seed is 20 cents per barrel, with 10
or 15 barrels per day being the
average amount cut per person.

Men in the fields keep the tractors
going day and night preparing the
ground and planting. Seed is planted
deep, that less covering later in the
season may be necessary. The idea
of deep planting is a comparatively
new feature here, but is being put
into practice by more growers each
year.

Little rainfall has been had here
during the past month, about one
and one-half inches being reported
for the entire period. The seeding
which came with a good stand for
the first time in four years, together
with the peas and small grains
which have been planted with an
abundance this Spring are standing
still due to the lack of moisture.
Many are anticipating a dry Summer
similar to that of 1939, when wells
and springs became dry in the 157-
day drouth. Fruit growers assert
however that the dry weather is an
advantage to them as it prevents
insects and diseases from germi¬
nating in the tender young fruit.

M. B. B.

Good hired hands grow scarcer — milking time grows
more important to your income every month. Now,
more than ever, you’ll welcome the cleanliness, effici¬
ency, and AMAZING LOW PRICES of FORDS
Milkers! Most practical for the AVERAGE farm,
they’re SIMPLIFIED, EASY to operate . . . save
you valuable time and labor. Costs mighty little to
MODERNIZE electrically with up-to-the-minute
FORDS Milkers — backed by 30 years of progress,
FULLY guaranteed.

Doris Orr,
Amlin , Ohio

‘Easiest to Clean and
Keep Clean”, say
FORDS users. No
pipelines; adaptable to

any type bam; quickly, easily installed. Com¬
plete line of track and portable models, elec¬
tric or gasoline powered. WRITE TODAY
for complete facts , prices, easy terms'.

MYERS-SHERMAN CO., 1326 E. 12th St., Streator, Illinois

VIKING -TWIN

Garden Tractors

2 CYL.|

Viking Twins Handle a 5 H.P.
FulllOInch Plow.They 0<Df f
Cultivate, Harrow and *’ &

Seed. Mow Lawns and DrvrDtr
Hay. Pull Loads. Do

, _ _ _ . -n |r. Belt and All Small-farm work.

New Low Price — Easy Credit Plan

For Small Farms, Gardens. Nurseries, Poultrymen,
Florists, Fruit Growers, and Country Home Owners.

Catalog Free

Write Now for Special Factory Offer

ALLIED MOTORS CORPORATION

Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N. Y.

318S E. Henn. Ave. 71S Starrett Lehigh Bldg.

SHAW?w/V*GAROEN TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for home gardens,
poultry and fruit raachea, estates, green
houses, mowing parks and cemeteries, etc.
Air-cooled motor. Other sires up to 8 H. P.
Write for If DAY TRIAL OFFER, LOW
PRICES and FREE CIRCULAR. SHAW
MFC. C0..47M Front St.. Galesburg.

PREPARE !- with a CRAINE
TRIPLE WALL

Get ALL the facta on CRAINE
TRIPLE- WALL . . . tightest and
warmest silo construction known.
Silafelt Lining insulates and pre-
serves silage — Crainelox Spiral
Binding eliminates hoops. NEW
24-Square Door System has Cast-
Iron Frame — no warping. Send
for FREE FOLDER and present
low direct factory prices. Drop
postal to CRAINE, Inc.

551 Taft St.. _ Norwich, N. Y.

CRAINE w faiIr s SILOS

KINKADE GARDEN TRACTOR

and Power Lawnmower

A Practical Power Plow and Cultivator
for Gardeners. Suburbanites. Florists.

Truckers.N ursery men. FruitG rowers

Low Prices - Easy Terms

American Farm Machine Co.

1065 33rd Av. SE. Minneapolis, Minn.

Does the fast pace of modern
living “key you up,” make it dif¬
ficult to drop off into restful
sleep? Then you should try one
of the oldest and best remedies
in the world—

It is fresh milk— a glassful,
hot or cold just before retiring.
Drink it every night and enjoy
“morning freshness.”

Milk is Nature’s most near¬
ly perfect food. It provides a
helpful alkaline reaction which
aids in overcoming fatigue.
Rich in vitamin A, fresh milk
helps fortify your system
against colds.

No other natural food gives you
the same benefits and nourish¬
ment for so lit¬
tle money.

Bureau of Milk Publicity,

* Albany, N. Y., Dept. WW-S

I Would you like to know just how to use
milk to do this and the many other things

I it can do for you? It’s Nature's wonder
food, and the complete, illustrated book-

(let, “Getting More Out of Life— with
MILK,” is yours for the sending of this

I coupon. Print name and address plainly
below.

IName _ _ _

Address _ _

| City - - - Srafe- _

352

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER
Established iSSO

Fnhlltbed Bl- VFe®kly by the Hnr»l PoblUblng Co., Inc. 333 W*«t80th 8L, New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Bebghold, Vice-President William A. O’Bbibn, Secretary.

William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell W. Duck

H. B. Tukey Mbs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 92.0&.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, 31.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL1’

A Letter to Secretary Wickard

May 20, 1941

Hon. Claude R. Wickard
Secretary of Agriculture
Washington, D. C.

Dear Secretary Wickard:

At the milk hearing' in Albany on May 17,
my associate, William F. Berghold, offered in
evidence a copy of my book “Seven Decades
of Milk.” Objection was made by the Dairy¬
men’s League. The objection was overruled
and the book was received in evidence. The
League attorney persisted in his objection and
Hearing Master Gifford then reversed him¬
self and struck the book out of the record
with the statement that five copies of the
book should be sent to you and if you, saw
fit to overrule his ruling, the book would
then be made part of the record.

My information and belief are that these
hearings for the most part have been con¬
ducted fairly and impartially by Mr. Gifford.
The technical rules of evidence have been
relaxed for the purpose of obtaining as com¬
plete an understanding as possible of the
many problems confronting the New York
dairy industry. The Dairymen’s League
officials and attorneys have fully availed
themselves of the informality at these hear¬
ings and have introduced, without objection
from others, much irrelevant and self-serving
charts, tables, maps, etc.

Having thus availed themselves fully of
the privileges of this helpful rule and having
sanctioned it by their own liberal use of it
for the benefit of themselves and their milk
dealer associates, they now seek to exclude
truths and facts and records intended to
benefit dairy farmers by insisting on a strict
observance of the technical rules of evidence.

I believe it is your desire to have the record
of these proceedings contain statements and
facts and opinions to be reviewed completely
by your Department in an attempt to under¬
stand and clarify the many problems in the
New York milk shed. A copy of the book off¬
ered in evidence at the May 17 hearing and
marked for the record is a virtual history of the
distribution of milk in New York for the past
seventy years. I have been personally
familar with the record of the milk industry
during practically every day of this time. My
business as editor and publisher of a farm
paper afforded me opportunity to study and
become familiar with the conditions and
causes of continuing and increasing hardships
to dairy farmers in the New York milk shed
for these seven decades. I have realized that
no fiction or exaggeration would show the
plight of the dairy farmer in New York so
well as the plain facts truthfully stated in
this book.

I am mailing you a copy of the book, “Seven
Decades of Milk” originally marked for the
record. Had I known that the rules of the
hearing were to be changed, I should have
presented this evidence in person and if it
is thought that I can do anything to help
clarify the evidence in the book I shall be
glad at your suggestion to go to Washington
or elsewhere, at my own expense, to help
amplify the text and to submit to cross¬

examination of it by any interested person
whom you may suggest. In the meantime, I
respectfully ask your personal attention to
the matter and trust that the ruling made
at Albany may be reviewed and reversed
by you.

Respectfully,

John J. Dillon

Production T rends

UE to the total defense emergency, the
government is requesting increased
production of certain agricultural commodi¬
ties. An average going price has been set for
each commodity. This price basis is, we are
informed, not a pegged price, but is rather a
running average price.

Dairymen and poultrymen are assured that
if grain prices advance beyond reason, corn
will be released through the regular channels,
or direct to the farm user if necessary, to
prevent any abnormal rise in the grain price.
This assurance is very helpful. Nevertheless,
farmers are not going to be justified in pro¬
ducing more milk, eggs and poultry meat
unless they have some assurance that other
commodity prices are also to be stabilized.

Further to secure the added production,
there is needed some assurance that prices of
farm products will have the same benefit
of enjoying the natural price range of an
open market. If the farmer can be assured
that farm products will not be controlled
alone, or out of line with other products that
enjoy an open market, there can be positive
assurance that the farmers will respond to
this demand for increased production. Any
increased production can, however, only be
attained if such increases are shown to be
economically sound business.

Australian Government Takes Over
Apple and Pear Crops

THE Government of the Commonwealth
of Australia has acquired the apple and
pear crops of the country “not because it
wanted to, but because it accepted the great
responsibility imposed upon it by this war¬
time problem.” Australia produces about 11
million bushel cases of apples a year, and of
these, 5,000,000 cases are sent overseas.
Since there is no export market, this means
that the products of the labor of about half
the apple growers of Australia have lost their
market, much as though half the employees
in an industry had suddenly been thrown out
of work. The choice was either to control the
export surplus flood which would have
deluged the home market, or to let it go un¬
controlled and to let cut-throat competition
for home markets bring chaos upon the in¬
dustry. There has been some opposition to
the move but in the main the industry recog¬
nizes the acquisition plan as the lesser of two
evils and compliments the government upon
having taken the step.

Central School Costs

Having read several articles in your paper re¬
garding centralization of schools, I thought some
of your readers might be interested in the

manner in which centralization was procured and
conducted in the Dundee, N. Y., centralized school
district. Shortly before the vote was taken on
centralization, Commissioner of Schools J. F.
Bullock mailed to taxpayers in the town of Milo
District No. 4 a postcard giving top limit for
taxes for all time. As per itemized card, taxes per
$1,000 of assessed valuation should have been:

$11.28 (1937) but actually were $11.30;

$10.43 (1938) but actually were $12.10;

$10.43 (1939) but actually were $11.51;

$8.06 (1940) but actually were $11.10.

On June 5 1937 a proposition was submitted
to the voters and carried by a vote of 404 to 354
authorizing the board of education to build a high
and grade school in Dundee and a grade school
in Himrod. This vote was taken four years ago
this coming June 5th but no school has yet been
built in Himrod although the Himrod district
was bonded with the understanding that a new
school would be built.

In retaliation, taxpayers have refused to trade
in Dundee. As the taxpayers do most of the
buying and are the support of any rural village
I am of the opinion that if this idea had been
advanced before the vote on centralization was
taken, the whole outcome might have been
changed. W. G. Cornell

New York

May 31, 1941

Aid to Men in Military Service

THE Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Civil Relief Act
of 1940 makes certain provisions to aid
men in military service in carrying out their
civil contracts.

One provision of this law, in connection
with leases, is that the dependents of a man,
while he is in service, cannot be evicted from
their dwelling if the rent is less than $80 a
month, except by specific Court order.

The law also provides that where a man
in service is purchasing a car “on time” and
more than half the purchase price has been
paid, the car cannot be repossessed by the
seller without either a written consent of the
buyer or a Court order. In such a case, the
judge has the right to stay all proceedings
until the buyer has been discharged from
service. If the car is less than half paid for,
the judge may make any equitable decision
including a refund to the buyer of the money
already paid, but he cannot grant a stay.

Milk and Cream Supply

Receipts at the New York metropolitan area for
March, 1941 , - 40-qt. Units - ,

State or origin
New York .

Milk

2,181,151

495,245

399,482

157,581

19,192

22,958

Cream

111,759

2,782

11,045

3,848

1,291

Condensed

29,271

8,910

New Jersey . . .
Pennsylvania . .
Vermont .

Connecticut . . .
Maryland .

Jhio .

2,040

120

Indiana .

Massachusetts . .

13,287

Total, Mar., 1941.3,288,896

1.32,885

38,181

Total, Mar., 1940.3,116,862

125,720

34,614

New York furnished 66.3 per cent of the milk
and 84.1 per cent of the cream coming into the city
for all the month of March, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Milk Prices for April

The net cash basic prices paid for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 201-210 mile zone by dealers report¬
ing for the month of March are as follows:

Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.
Lehigh Valley Co-op. Farmers ..$2.11 $0.0448

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 1.98 .042

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 1.89 .0402

Rock Royal Co-op. Inc . 1.87 .0397

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 1.87 .0397

Sheffield Farms . 1.86 .0394

Dairymen’s League . 1.75 .037

These are basic prices. Fat, freight bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

Brevities

The Pennsylvania spinach crop this year will
be about 2,857,000 bushels.

A considerable increase in nitrogen-potash top-
dressers is reported in southern truck gardening.

“Blessed are the undefiled (or sincere) in the
way, who walk in the law of the Lord.”
Psa. 119:1.

The maple products season this year was short.
Cold weather early delayed the start, and the
hot spell in April stopped the sap flow.

The potato spray ring idea is growing in New
York State. The ring manager furnishes appara¬
tus and material and does the work. The price
reported in some cases is $1.80 per acre for each
spray.

The Connecticut Station will this year distri¬
bute a large number of Oriental fruit moth
parasites. The specific type is the native
Macrocentrus, that lays eggs in the larvae of the
fruit moths.

Dogs running through thick patches of poison
ivy may carry the poisonous principle to their
owners who stroke them. This will account for
seme “mysterious” cases of ivy poisoning.

Here is part of the 4-H citizenship pledge:
“We will endeavor to transmit this Nation to
posterity not merely as we found it, but freer,
happier and more beautiful than it was trans¬
mitted to us.” A good resolution for all of us.

According to Government reports the follow¬
ing materials are used in oleomargarine: oleo
oil, oleostearine, lard, oleo stock, monostearine,
ottonseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil,
vegetable gum, cottonseed stearine, soybean
stearine, cocoanut oil, Babassee oil, palm kernel
oil, palm oil, milk, salt other “miscellaneous
matter.” If variety is the spice of life, oleo can
qualify on the spicy side.

1 n * RURAL NEW-YORKER

353

Our Great Democracy

Part III

UNDER the new order of things
which followed the rise of corporate
power as described in our last issue
under this caption, the leaders of industry,
the bankers, and the transportation

magnates accumulated fabulous fortunes, not
only by the profits on their business but
also on the speculation and manipulation of
their stock and bonded securities. After 25
years of this procedure, the farm share of the
national wealth shrunk from 50 per cent to
25 per cent. The farm income now is about
one-tenth of the nation’s income.

The change from individual to corporation
ownership of enterprises may have increased
the volume of business, trade and possibly of
national wealth; but the change tended to
concentrate wealth and power in a few
hands and it is very doubtful that it
has increased the welfare of the American
people as a whole. From an ethical and moral
standpoint, it has surely lowered the standards
of the people. The men who manage the big
corporations and manipulate their credits,
stocks and bonds, often have little, if any,
ownership in them. The capital comes largely
from the people direct or through savings
banks or mutual insurance companies. In
many of such corporations the management
has little or no cash investment in business,
no concern for the small investor or respon¬
sibility to the public. Continued control and
individual salaries are the chief interests of
the official management. The losses on these
businesses come out of the frugal people who
are induced to invest in the securities. Many
a dollar that was saved by privation for old
age or illness has been lost through imprudent
investment in corporate stocks and bonds.

In recent years the “dummy” corporations
have replaced individuals in many business
enterprises, except in farming, and in some
instances corporations own and operate farms.
In the “dummy” corporation an individual
with little or no capital, but in the name of
the corporation, buys property and secures
credit for goods and services for a business
enterprise. The materials and services are
bought on credit in the name of the corpora¬
tion. The goods may be sold and the money
taken out before the corporation fails. The
operator in effect steals the goods, the cash,
the accumulated rents and taxes. This is a
system of chicanery maintained for the con¬
venience of crooks. It is in contrast to the
conduct of honest individuals and partnerships
75 years ago.

This corporation system has been created
and perfected in the name of Democracy which
was designed to protect property and to pro¬
mote justice. It encourages chicanery. It
violates the spirit and letter of the Constitution,
and has reversed the honest practice of the
American people for more than half of our
national existence. It is true that many cor¬
porations do an honest and legitimate busi¬
ness. It is a convenience for accumulating
capital for business enterprises, but in prac¬
tice it is responsible for grave abuses.
The corporation is an artificial person
created by law. It has no soul, no personal
or moral responsibility. It is a growing menace
to our form of Democracy.

More About Loan Sharks

EVERAL years back Harry St. John Cooke,
who operates a boys’ camp near Pough¬
keepsie, N. Y. in the Summer and interests
himself in good government the year round,
attacked the small-loan sharks in his com¬
munity. The Rural New-Yorker gave Mr.
Cooke some encouragement in both of these
activities. A spokesman of the commercial
bankers who profit most by the loan shark
racket tried to persuade us in person that Mr.
Cooke was criticising a worthy institution.
He failed. Mr. Cooke continued to show up
the abuses in the small-loan enterprise. He
carried his complaint to officials in Pough¬
keepsie, New York- City, Albany and
Washington. He published stories of laws
violated, of cheating, and of tragedies. He
appealed to legislators, executors and at¬
torneys. Local papers published his stories.
He succeeded in driving some of the worst

offenders out of the loan business.

Albany changed the law enough to reduce
the pilfering of the poor and distressed, but
not enough to stop it. Mr. Cooke kept up his
fight. The legislature passed two bills dur¬
ing the last session. Governor Lehman has
signed one of them. It authorizes the loan
sharks to charge 2% per cent a month on
loans of less than $109, (30 per cent a year)
and 2 per cent a month on loans in excess of
$100 up to $300 (24 per cent a year). Money
is now loaned at rates of less than 1 per cent
a year. It is estimated that a total of
$10,000,000 is now invested in these loans at
a profit of about $2,700,000 a year.

But the sharks are not satisfied with this.
The law allows them extra charges for ex¬
penses, and they add on extra charges be¬
sides for good measure including an insurance
charge. In March, Murray Krulik, a sales¬
man, of Brooklyn, N. Y. sued to recover his
automobile which had been confiscated. In
the Supreme Court he recovered his car. The
court ruled that the loan company’s extra
charge for insurance was illegal and abrogated
the loan.

The Legislature and the Governor are ap¬
plauded on their tardy action. The court acted
as soon as it had jurisdiction. But Harry St.
John Cooke, the young vigilant citizen and
reporter who spent his time and energy to
protect the helpless victims of the robbery,
does not even get honorable mention. For
one we thank you, Mr. Cooke, for your civil
service.

Accounting for Milk Producers

MARKET Administrator Cladakis has
notified 70 cooperatives under the
Federal Order that detailed monthly account¬
ings must be made of all cooperative pay¬
ments received from the pool. If the
Administrator finds a cooperative is failing
to perform its obligations, payments will be
withheld.

In the report to be filled out by each co¬
operative, expenses must be listed item by
item as follows: administrative salaries,
advertising, building fund, directors’ fees
and expenses, dues to bargaining agency,
equipment purchases, increased blend price
paid to patrons, legal expenses, New York
State publicity tax, plant expenses, public
relations expense, salaries of other employees,
and taxes.

This is an important part of the monthly
profit and loss statement that we have been
demanding for the information and protec¬
tion of milk producers for 20 years. For his
own bulk accounting, Administrator Cladakis
has the total shipments of each handler which
he may make public, but that would not give
the full information to the individual pro¬
ducer. However, in exacting this information
for his official accounts, Mr. Cladakis has
emphasized the principle that a trustee hand¬
ling other peoples’ money is under obligation
to make an accounting to his wards.

It is now up to Commissioner Noyes to
notify these cooperatives to make a full ac¬
counting to individual producers.

The first reports are due on June 5 and
monthly thereafter.

Bureaucracy on the Loose

LICENSE FOR WAVERLY PLANT DENIED

INCE Chief Judge Irving Lehman gave
the “go-ahead signal” to the Com¬
missioner of Agriculture in the Dusinberre
case, the Commissioner has, with the approval
of Governor Herbert H. Lehman, been regu¬
larly denying all license applications for new
milk plants.

The latest decision on May 13 is in connec¬
tion with the M. H. Renken Dairy application
to build a new receiving station at Waverly,
in Tioga County, N. Y. In denying this appli¬
cation, Commissioner Noyes has stated his
usual grounds that the issuance of a license
would tend to a destructive competition in
a market already adequately served and is
not in the public interest.

Dairymen in the Waverly area cannot
understand Mr. Noyes’ reasoning. At the
two hearings held in Albany there was not
even a shred of evidence that a Waverly
license to Renken would result in any ruinous

competition. Renken has a good consumer
market. They need more milk to supply these
customers. It was for that reason that a new
plant was sought. It is not surprising, there¬
fore, that none of the dealers opposing the
license were able to show they ' would lose
any consumer trade to Renken in case the
license was granted.

Producers are even more puzzled when the
Commissioner states the new plant would not
be in the public interest. Evidence at the
hearings showed it would have been very
much in the public interest — 150 farmers
wanted the plant, the business men of
Waverly were actively behind the proposal,
as were the village officials and the local press.
What better showing of public interest, ask
the producers, does the Commissioner want?

As we have already reported in earlier
issues, the sole opposition to the license was
from the dealers owning nearby plants who,
because Renken had agreed to pay a better
price, feared a loss of their own patrons. If
that selfish opposition was the real reason for
the denial of the Waverly license, and the
reports seem to indicate this, the Commissioner
appears to have acted in violation of law. The
law itself is pernicious and monopolistic, but
to go beyond even those limits as was done
in the Waverly case, is bureaucracy on the
loose. Farmers are thoroughly aroused and
realize now that there is only one way to
stop this vicious trend of protecting dealers
in their inefficient operation of country plants.
The law must be repealed.

ULSTER COUNTY DAIRYMEN PROTEST

There is similar dissatisfaction among
Ulster County producers now delivering to
Meadow Valley Farms, a Vogt subsidiary, in
New Paltz. Being unable to negotiate a
renewal lease on land and building, Vogt
purchased a nearby parcel, made plans to
build its own plant, and requested a license
from Albany. Two weeks ago, Commissioner
Noyes granted the license but refused Vogt
permission to erect any new plant in New
Paltz. At the same time, the Commissioner
issued a license, denied a month earlier, to
another dealer, new in the territory, who
had taken a lease on the old Vogt plant.

Dairymen delivering to Vogt found that he
was forced to vacate at once and on May 7
stormed the Commissioner’s office at Albany
in protest. Permit was thereupon given to
receive farmers’ milk at a temporary platform
while the Commissioner reconsidered.

The present situation is a complete ab¬
surdity. A dealer with satisfied patrons,
operates a leased plant for five years. The
lease cannot be renewed and the dealer de¬
cides to build his own plant in the same terri¬
tory. He is given a license to receive milk
but is denied permission to erect a plant in
which to receive it, and at the same time,
another dealer, new in the territory, with no
country plant experience, leases the old plant
and gets a license.

Heretofore, licenses have been issued only
to milk dealers, presumably on their ability,
responsibility, and experience. Now the rule
is changed without reason, and for the first
time a license is issued to a building that once
happened to be a milk plant.

This arbitrary decision amounts to little
more than twisting the law to attain a desired
result, as yet undisclosed. When a responsible
dealer can be put out of business and a group
of dairymen deprived of a good market for
their milk, all by one stroke of an official pen,
it is high time to get rid of the law which
makes possible the exercise of such bureau¬
cratic power to confiscate and destroy.

6 ‘Seven Decades of Milk 99

One of my prize possessions is your autographed
copy of “Seven Decades of Milk” just received.
You may lecall that 25 years ago or more my
lather, Philip H. El wood of Fort Plain N Y
shipped some of his honey to you for sale when
you were Commissioner of Markets in New York
State. I think he did this for several years and
I know I called on you two or three times in
regard to these sales and had some very delight¬
ful conferences with you at that time which I
have always remembered with pleasure.

Pennsylvania e. s E

RDERS for autographed copies have
been received already from 18 States,
widely distributed from Nebraska in the
West and Texas in the South.

354

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 31, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

Calf Care and Feeding

By R . W. Duck

All-out production programs will
mean the expenditure of every possi¬
ble effort to produce economically
and to our maximum capacity. No
other class of livestock sustains a
higher mortality rate than dairy
calves. This is primarily due to the
artificial conditions under which
many of them are raised. Inheri¬
tance may also play some role or
be an influencing factor, due to in¬
tense selective breeding for high
milk production of their dams. Even
though milk production will prob¬
ably attain a new high, the outlook
appears favorable for the raising of
good dairy heifer replacements.

High and Low Fat Feeding

It is a common belief that milk
which tests much above four per
cent is too high in fat to be readily
assimilated and digested by young
calves. However, this subject has
never been adequately or properly
investigated. The limited experi¬
ments which have been conducted
do not confirm this belief. Tests at
the Iowa Station show that milk
containing six per cent fat was
equally efficient in rate of digestion
to that containing only three per
cent fat.

In view of such experimental evi¬
dence as is available, plus observa¬
tions and reports from various
breeders, it seems more probable
that successful calf raising is usu¬
ally influenced by several factors
which are of much greater signifi¬
cance that that of comparative fat
content of the milk fed. During the
Winter, unless properly supplied,
calves frequently suffer from de¬
ficiencies of Vitamins A and D.
Butterfat is an excellent source of
these needed vitamins, therefore, it
would seem the higher butterfat
content, up to at least six per cent,
should be beneficial. ■.

It is necessary for the calf to re¬
ceive the first or colostrum milk,
preferably nursed direct from the
udder. Until tests were conducted
by investigators in the U. S. Bureau
of Animal Industry it was generally
assumed that the principal benefit
derived from colostrum was its laxa¬
tive effect with resultant removal
of the first fecal discharge of the
new-born. While this action is im¬
portant, experimental evidence shows
that the ingestion of colostrum is
needed to impart certain immuniz¬
ing factors, agents or substances
to the young animal. If for any
reason the calf does not receive
colostrum it was formerly thought
advisable to drench with some
purgative; properly administered in
suitable amounts this may do no
harm. However, if oil from drench¬
ing gets on the lungs it may result
in the calf later dying from pneu¬
monia. A mild enema of warm
soapy water is safer and probably
equally effective.

In the U. S. D. A. tests mentioned
the best results from using a sub¬
stitute for colostrum were obtained
by the addition of about three-
fourths of one quart of fresh serum
per 100 pounds bodyweight to the
milk. One of the best calf breeders
I know stirs in about one pint or
more of fresh drawn cow blood with
the first milk, when colostrum is
not available. This blood may be
drawn from the juglar vein of a
mature cow, by the use of a hypo¬
dermic needle. Even when colostrum
is available and the calf has been
properly started on whole milk,
considerable numbers of successful
breeders now follow the practice of
adding one teasponful of blood
flour twice daily to the regular milk
feeding. Blood flour may be obtained
through local feed dealers from any
of the leading packing firms.

Methods and Manner

Probably more calves die from
lack of sanitation and proper atten¬
tion than from any other factor.
Sanitation as it affects the health
of the calf has no apparent relation¬
ship to the way the barn is painted
or the number of cobwebs hanging
from the ceiling. In dozens of cases
I have visited farms where every¬
thing appeared in applepie order, the
barns and buildings were immacu¬
late, each had a separate pen, they
were pampered and babied, yet the
incidence of mortality was exces¬
sively high. On other farms the

buildings were often unpainted and
might appear to be going to rack and
ruin. Frequently the calves were
tied in the runway back of the cows.
Yet, in spite of everything being
done apparently contrary to best
known methods, such calves are often
well-grown, healthy and thrifty.

Invariably, however, in such cases
the calves were dry, well bedded
with good clean straw or other ma¬
terial, and were not in drafts. They
were also fed regularly in clean
pails at proper intervals. Perhaps
the most important consideration
relative to their health was due to
the fact that specific pathogenic in¬
fections, such as the organisims
which cause calf scours and intestinal
ailments, were not present. The
thought naturally occurs why such
apparently bad conditions was there
freedom from the causative organ¬
isms of calfhood ailments. Evidently
it is true that it rains on the just

and the unjust alike, and equally
true is the fact that bugs are no
discriminators of persons or in¬
dividuality. A warm, dry, clean
bed, regular and proper feeding,
quarters free from drafts, access to
direct sunlight on warm days, all
these seem to be more important in
their influence on the health of a
calf than the kind of pen in which
it is kept or the color and construc¬
tion of the barn. I do not mean to
say that old run-down barns and
buildings are essential or even de¬
sirable for successful calf raising,
but my numerous observations do
cause me to believe that if funda¬
mentals are observed other matters
are of secondary importance insofar
as they relate to or influence health,
growth and thrift.

Reared on Cows

Without exception the best calves
I encounter are those raised on

nurse cows, regardless of fat per¬
centage, provided the nurse cows are
healthy. A frequent practice and a
great mistake is to decide to raise
calves on a nurse cow and then
purchase or use some cow in the
herd that has one or more bad
quarters. It is a common practice to
feed milk from segregated cows to
calves, but such milk may contain
pus organisms. The consequent con¬
stant ingestion of pus will usually
pave the way for some later infec¬
tion with the calves so raised. The
cardinal principal to be observed is
never to feed the calf any milk you
would not be willing to drink. If
the pail used is sufficiently clean so
that you would not hesitate to drink
from it, then and not until then is
it fit to feed a calf from.

Over-feeding is strongly empha¬
sized by some authorities as a fre¬
quent cause of calfhood intestinal
trouble. Contact with many success¬
ful calf raisers has convinced me
that overfeeding is usually a mis¬
nomer and that the condition re¬
ferred to is primarily caused by
feeding comparatively large quan¬
tities of milk at improper tempera¬
ture, in unsanitary pails and at in¬
frequent or irregular intervals.
Under natural conditions the beef
calf runs with its dam and nurses
at frequent intervals as desired. The
natural supplement which it can and
does take at an early age is grass,
the greatest source of nutrients,
vitamins and minerals known. In¬
testinal trouble with calves so reared
is unknown; certainly we would be
well advised to simulate nature as
nearly as possible, as she can seldom
if ever be improved on to promote
normal health, growth and gains.
Pail feeding places the calfs head
and throat in an unnatural position,
which, due to too infrequent feeding
may and often does cause it to gulp
too rapidly and ingest too much air
with its milk, as well as causing the
milk to get into the wrong stomach.
Nipple buckets may be obtained
commercially, which if kept sanitary
and fastened or held at udder level
will be of great benefit and make
pail feeding easier.

Meals and Mixtures

In fluid dairy sections most pro¬
ducers consider whole milk too ex¬
pensive to feed to a calf, and some¬
times, as at present, prices even of
skimmilk are comparatively high.
Where butter is made and skim is
available it can be successfully sub¬
stituted for whole milk if done prop¬
erly and gradually. Milk is sold on
a butterfat basis, farm standardi¬
zation is legal if not siphoned. Re¬
moval of sufficient skim to properly
feed calves would be a profitable
practice in most instances. The daily
addition of one tablespoonful of cod-
liver oil and two tablespoonfuls of
melted lard per each gallon of skim
milk has proven highly beneficial
during the Winter months. The milk
should be fed at 90 degrees Fahren¬
heit, and the lard should be well
stirred in, and added at melting point.
The codliver oil will supply needed
Vitamins A and D, and lard, based
on recent investigational work at the
Wisconsin Experiment Station will
provide needed linoleic and lineo-
lenic acid. These are all required in
regular daily amounts for normal
growth and to assist in disease resis¬
tance. The removal of butterfat re¬
duces them below minimum normal
needs if skimmilk is used as the
principal basis for calf feeding.

The use of calf meals or commmer-
cial pellets has made it possible to
use a minimum amount of whole and
skimmilk and yet raise strong,
healthy and normally grown dairy
calves. A calf meal which several
successful dairymen and good calf
raisers are finding very satisfactory
consists of: ground yellow com 500
lbs., ground heavy oats 500 lbs.,
dried skimmilk 235 lbs., wheat bran
200 lbs., O. P. linseed meal 250 lbs.,
blood flour 250 lbs., codliver oil 5
lbs., ground limestone 20 lbs.,
steamed bonemeal 20 lbs., iodized
stock salt 20 lbs. The Cornell formula
for a dry calf starter which has given
excellent results at the New York
Agricultural College herd consists of:
120 lbs. corn gluten feed, 40 lbs. corn
oil meal, 100 lbs. 34 per cent old
processed linseed meal, 200 lbs.

These young dairy hull calves at the Missouri Experiment Station,
Columbia, are well grown and carry the necessary breeding to make them
valuable future sires for desired type and production.

Mr. Frank Dedrick, Manager -of the Vassar College Guernsey herd,
Poughkeepsie, has found that a dry open shed with access to well drained
roomy lots, plus plenty of good quality roughage or pasture, and small
amounts of concentrate mixture will keep heifers growing good and in
the thrifty condition shown. Salt and clean water are constantly available.

This well grown yearling Jersey heifer is owned by Mr. H. C. Andrews,
Waterloo, Seneca County, N. Y. A deep middle and excellent heart girth
plus her desirable breed and dairy type promise well for future production .

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

355

wheat bran, 645 lbs. yellow corn
meal, 560 lbs. rolled oats, 40 lbs.
brewers’ yeast, 60 lbs. white fish
meal, 200 lbs. dried skimmilk, 10 lbs.
ground limestone, 10 lbs. salt, 10
lbs. steamed bone meal, 5 lbs. cod
liver oil.

As the calves attain size and age
the starter should be discontinued
and a good fitting ration used, sub¬
stituting it gradually in place of the
calf starter or pellets so that the
calf starter has been discontinued at
about 16 weeks of age. A fitting
ration which has been found to be
excellent consists of 300 lbs. ground
oats, 300 lbs. ground yellow corn,
300 lbs. wheat bran, 100 lbs. old
process linseed meal or soybean oil
meal, 5 lbs. iodized stock salt, 5 lbs.
ground limestone, and 5 lbs. steamed
bonemeal.

Modes and Methods

A feeding program which many
Eastern dairymen are following with
marked success and the minimum
use of whole and skimmilk is to
allow the calf to stay with its mother
from three to four days. It is then
pail fed, preferably using a nipple
bucket as previously mentioned. For
four or five days after taking it from
the cow do not feed more than eight
pounds of whole milk daily. The
second week the milk may be in¬
creased by one pound daily. The
calf starter mentioned should now
be offered in a clean dry box. They
will begin to nibble a little hay by
the end of the second week or earlier,
and should have the opportunity,
using preferably good quality timo¬
thy-clover hay, or second cutting
good meadow hay. Straight alfalfa
hay will sometimes cause calves to
develop black scours.

The third week their milk should
be increased another pound per head
daily. They should be given access
to good clean water. Some good calf
feeders follow the practice of letting
them drink warm water in the pail
immedialtely following their milk
feeding. Frequent feeding, not less
than three times daily, is advisable.
I believe if pail fed calves were fed
small amounts every hour there
would be little digestion trouble.
This might not be practical, yet it
could be done at least for the first
few weeks easier than might be
supposed. From the third week the
milk should be decreased one pound
daily until at the end of the seventh
week they are receiving about four
pounds daily. The eighth week no
milk need be fed. When they are
consuming about four pounds per
head daily of the calf starter the
fitting ration should be offered using
about one pound or a little more per
head daily. At the end of four
months the calf starter may and
should be stopped and the fitting
ration substituted. Feed hay and corn
silage in accordance with appetite
and sufficient fitting ration to keep
tnem properly gaining and growing
rather than getting them fat. At six
months a Holstein should weigh not
less than 350 lbs., Ayrshires about
280 lbs., Jerseys 235 lbs., and Guern¬
seys 260 lbs.

We Ride Again

Quarter Horses

The Quarter Horse has been pro¬
duced as a distinct American breed
on the basis of breeding and selecting
for performance. It was first estab¬
lished in Colonial days by using
horses capable of exceedingly fast
and short bursts of speed. Robert M.
Denhardt is secretary of the American
Quarter Horse Association, College
Station, Texas. The basis for regis¬
tration includes three principal re¬
quirements, Quarter Horse blood,
conformation and performance. Ex¬
ceptional individuals which have
only two of these prerequisites may
be registered with the Association’s
approval. The Association may re¬
quire any performance test deemed
necessary and advisable. This test
would probably be based on the
animal’s ability to run a quarter-mile
at acceptable speed and in proper
form. All colors are accepted ex¬
cept those commonly termed pinto,
appaloosa and albino.

These horses are a composite breed
and during late years have in many
instances had considerable infusions
of Thoroughbred blood. They are
very intelligent and well suited for
cow ponies, polo ponies and for
pleasure riding. Mr. William Anson,
Cristoval, Texas, has played an im¬
portant role in improving and de¬
veloping the present day Quarter

Horse. During the Boer War, as a
buyer of Texas horses for the British
Government, he accumulated, by
careful selection, an outstanding
band of Quarter mares. A Quarter
stallion sired by the great stallion
Rondo was one of his important
foundation sires. The great Texas
stallion Steeldust also contributed
materially to the improvement of
this prepotent breed. The famous
stallion Peter McCue was the foun¬
dation sire of many popular families
of modern Quarter Horses. The noted
Quarter Horse stud Horace Wilson
No. 230 A, bred by Howard Hampton,
Clarksville, Texas, is a double great-
grandson of Peter McCue.

Miscellaneous Mounts

Environment and utility are today
molding various selective types of
riding horses into breeds. Prominent
among these is the famous Tennessee
Walking Horse. Characterized by
three easy gaits these good horses
are today gaining in popularity. Their
gaits are the flat-foot walk, . the
running walk, and the canter.

The basic foundation blood for all
the various types and breeds now
being produced in the southwest is
the American Mustang. These hardy
horses descended from hot-blooded
desert sires and mares, were first
brought to the plains country by
the Spanish conquistadores. The
Quarter Horse, as previously men¬
tioned, is now gradually replacing the
old type Mustang.

Albinos, Paints, Appaloosas and
Leopards are characterized by specific
color markings and while showy they
have not yet evolved into a specific
utility type. Certain stallions such
as the great Steeldust and Rondo,
due to desirable type, performance,
and prepotency have left an indelible
stamp on their many descendents
and thus characterized them as a
distinct type.

While there are many empty
saddles in the old corrals our south¬
west yet remains the stand of the
last cavalier. There he still rides
herd on the star studded plains, his
remudas yet remain indispensable
to the production of good range bred
feeder cattle, while later, in the farm
feedlots they provide the most eco¬
nomical and efficient method of
utilizing our great grain crops. No
motor will ever replace the cutting-
horse, or mechanical driven vehicle
supplant the utility use for work and
pleasure of the riding horse. Both
before and after the days of the
Deathless Pacing White Mustang
these wiry western horses have been
fitting animals to combat the merci¬
less environment they were con¬
stantly forced to face. Together they
and our hardy frontier plainsmen
won the West and made it a peace¬
ful prosperous country for posterity.
We salute these great horses and
their breeders, so typically American
in both spirit and deed.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

June 15- July 7. — Annual Festival
of Roses, Newark, Wayne County,
New York.

June 19. — Dairymen’s League
Annual Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y.

June 23-26. — American Dairy Sci¬
ence Assn., Burlington, Vt.

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29-Aug. 1. — Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Aug. 4-7. — Vegetable Growers
Ass’n. of America, Columbus, Ohio.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

Steve’s Supreme Lady 5th 115522,
Duroc sow that was granted certifi¬
cate Number One in the Duroc
Record Association’s newly an¬
nounced official Production Registry
program. She raised 30 pips in three
litters, each pig averaging 43.37
pounds at weaning time (56 days of
age); is owned by 18 -year-old,
Albert . Hennrich , Walsh, Illinois,

| SWINE

GLOBE SILOS
•

Before buying any silo, get
our prices on wood or
concrete silos.

•

Write Today

GLOBE SILOS

UNADILLA NEW YORK

CARL HANSEN, Proprietor

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

Shippers of

New England’s Finest Feeding Pigs

Chester and Yorkshire — Berkshire and O. I. C. Crossed

6-7 Weeks Old $4.50 each.

8-9 Weeks Old $5.00 each.

Ship what you need C. O. D. Our guarantee: —
A square deal at all times.

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

Thrifty, rugged stock of exceptional quality.
Berkshire and Chester crossed or t 0

Yorkshire and Chester crossed < 8 w6eks old »4-5()
Chester Whites $5.00 each. All orders carefully filled.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

AYRSHIRES

Pine Qlinafc that eat- ,iv0 211(1 grow. Mostly P.

IlgS dull OlludlS Chinas and Berks, some Durocs,
Chesters and Hamps., 6 to 8 weeks $4.50; Shoats, 30
lbs., $5.50; 40 lbs. $6.50; each. State second

choice. Serum vaccinated, castrated, crated; F.O.B. ex¬
press here, to all points in N.Y., N. J., Pa., or Conn.
Unrelated breeders $1 each extra. Money back guar¬
antee to satisfy on arrival. Express 50c on pigs to $1
on shoats. For big hogs next Winter order now from —
C. STANLEY SHORT, CHESWOLD. DEL.

ri\mi ; 1 1 u i-feCTI

Most Profitable Cows MMlJill

rTJk Big Milters - - Hardy Rustler*
■■V\A*J^Good Grazers - Perfect Udders

Write for Booklets

1 ■ I Ayrshire Breeders' Association

36 Center Brjndon, Vt

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6-7 wks. old $5.00 each. Good 8-9 wks. old $5.50
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

C CI Eight or ten choice Ayrshire cows and

r Or dale heifers. Also two bull calves eight months
old. Best blood lines. T. B. and Bang's tested.

FRANK WINKLER, M1DDLEBURGH, NEW YORK

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished.

AYRLAWN FARMS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND

SHORTHORNS |

THE STEADY INCOME FROM MILK

and Meat Shorthorns keeps the farm family, pays the
farm bills. Trial subscription MILKING SHORT¬
HORN JOURNAL, 6 months 50c. or 12 months $1.00.
Subscribe now or write for free literature.

MILKING SHORTHORN JOURNAL

Dept. F-l, 7 Dexter Park Ave., Chicago, Illinois

Pigs For Sale

A few nice feeders six weeks $4.50.

Eight weeks $5.00 each. Shipped C.O.D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM, Lexington, Mass. Tel. 1085

Milking Shorthorn Bull calves up to service age.

0. HENDRICKSON, COBLESKILL, NEW YORK

For Sale -SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

GUERNSEYS

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS

DELHI - NEW YORK

Offers for sale at reasonable prices registered
Guernseys. 3 young registered cows duo in July;

2 yearlings; 5 bred and ready to bred heifers.

If interested write at once for further particulars.

For Sale Hampshire Pigs $2i05.no0o Twni

excellent fall boars. Also a few fine sows and gilts.

Ideal Guernsey Farms, Augusta, Sussex Co., N. J.

Rprkchirec pure bre(i pigs f°r breed¬
er ^ * A ? V M „ T ing stock- Not registered.

Harvey A. Foster, 34 Coleman St., Springfield, Mass.

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

350 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls from proved
sires and high record dams. Seasonably priced. Also a
few heifer calves. Write for pedigrees and full particu¬
lars. Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE, FLATS. N. Y.

REG. CHESTER WHITES ££», MSf

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton, Chester Co., Penna.

RFG niJRftr<SFa11 Gllts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
IUjU. DUIUJLO Pattington, Scipio Center. New York

• FOR SALE — GUERNSEYS*

We have many fine bull calves that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS, AUGUSTA, SUSSEX CO., NEW JERSEY

DOGS |

For Sale GERMAN POLICE DOGS £■&»« *J'5V

JOHN SCHMELZ’ CREAMERY, GILBOA. N. y!

| JERSEYS

REGISTERED JERSEYS

f_3lTREBRE» COCKE U PUPS AND DOGS.
Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

Will sell a number of bred and unbred heifers;
some to freshen immediately; will sell reasonably as
discontinuing Jersey breeding. Bangs and T. B. ac¬
credited. LANE’S END FARM, Downingtown, Pa.

C O 1(1 BIT C Sable; excellent breeding; all

w w u“l u ages, SIS. OO up. COL’LOVER

KENNELS, 1606 East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

PITPPIF S breeds, shipped anywhere. Free

1 ^ 1 4 t O details. Book 104 photos recognized
breeds described, 25c. ROYAL, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

FOR SALE - JERSEY COWS

A few very choice registered and bred heifers. Herd
free from T.B. and Bangs. For further information
phono or write HALCYON FARMS, Goshen, N. Y.

Croat Jlana Pnnc $35- up. Time payments.

ureai uane rups farmholm. New paitz. n. y.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS |

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding

make heel -driven, beautie*. Wllmot. East T bettor*. Vt.

CREMONA FARM
ABERDEEN-ANGUS CATTLE

Breeders of the 1940 International Grand
Champion bull, now in service in our herd:
Young bulls and open females for sale
at Reasonable prices.

Accredited for Bang’s and T. B.

Write

B. A. RUCKER, Jr., Mgr. Mechanicsville, Md.

Shepherd Pups

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

PftI I IPS Sable beauties; pedigreed. A.K.C. Reg.

LULLlEO HILLCREST FARM, ALTMAR, N. Y.

P nllip Punnioc Excellent type and breeding. Reason-

UUIllc ruppich able. Lyle Gifford, Oneonta, New York

mi 1 IPS Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

LULLILO TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen - Angus beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -Angus Breeders' Association. Col¬
lege Park, Md., or Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Breeders'
Association, Ithaca, New York.

COLLIF PUPS MALES $5.00 UP.
w — ■ “ ■ ^ Maidie G. Putnam. Grafton. Mass.

Rp<r f fillips- Repulse a11 ages any color. Woodland
I\eg. cullies- Deagies Farms, Hastings, New York

| DAIRY CATTLE

Two year old male, heel driven cow dog $25.00.

ROBERT REYNOLDS, SLOANSVILLE, NEW YORK

U C _ J J cattle. Registered and Blood-

neretord and Jer$ey tested stock of excellent type.

BURTON SHELDON, Jr., ONEONTA, NEW YORK

Reg. English Bulldogs be.VXMe»iidikndA>«rk!SN.u

FOR SALE: 3 young cows, excellent breeding, good
family cows, high testers, priced to sell. Also young

bull calves. The Eller Farm, New Paltz, New York

MINKS

RAISE MINK

HORSES and PONIES |

business. Write for free book. Visitors welcome

MINK GLEN FUR FARM, PINE BUSH, N y!

BELGIAN HORSES

Pure breds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
raised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI, WEST TAGHKANIC, N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82, Near
Lake Taghkanic State Park. 10 mites S. E. of Hudson.

RABBITS

SILVER BLACK FOX R A B B ITS— heauties. $3 00
each up. 0. E. Hendrickson, Cobleskill, New York

FOR SALE - REGISTERED BELGIANS

Mares, colts and fillies. Also Imp. Stallion and three
mares. 1940 champions in the leading eastern shows.
Priced very reasonable. IDEAL GUERNSEY FARMS,
Augusta, Sussex County, New Jersey

MEN

For Sale— HORSES • BELGIANS •PERCHERONS

other work horses. Also saddle stock and unbroken
colt. Description and pictures on request. Phone 646R4
Island Farm, Center Bridge, P. 0. New Hope, Pa.

Good territory open in
New England and Penn¬
sylvania for subscription
work for men with car.

All year, good earnings.
Permanent territory.

UAPCTC Suckers, Yearlings, two year Belgian
nUROES colts. Registered-Farceur strain. Rea¬
sonable. ALBERT HAUCK, North Boston, New York

Cor Sale: Reg. Percheron stallion; weight 1800. Black
• 5 years old. Russell Peters, Callicoon, New York

GOATS A |

rftHTC CftP Q1|C Unique opportunity, complete
uUAIu iUI\ Jo LL immediate sell out of all won¬
derful goats, pure bred Saanens and Nubians, milkers,
yearlings and kids. White Goat Farm, Stockbridge, Mass.

References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street

New York City

UII V r A A TC Toggenberg and Saanens. sold on ap-

lulLft uUA 13 proval, Pony. Farm, Himrod, N. Y.

Purebred Nubian Kids, out of prize stock. Herbert
Gcricke. 1168 Richmond Av.. Port Richmond. S. I..N.Y.

356

Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 31. 1941

The Blackberry Girl

We have had a great many
friendly answers to the query of a
reader about Phoebe and her lost
blackberries, some of them from
elderly people with quite wonder¬
ful memories. Two replies men¬
tioned the fact that the poem was
printed on an old handkerchief,
with the verses (of which there are
many) arranged in three columns
illustrated with small sketches at
the fop of each column. These
handkerchiefs are thought to be
nearly 100 years old. c. b. w.

Registration of Nurses

An extension of time for nurses
to apply for licenses has recently
been granted. Applications for
license as either graduate or practi¬
cal nurse will be received by the
State Board of Nurse Examiners
until July 1, 1941.

Nurses may continue to nurse for
hire during the period of waiting for
final action upon their applications —
which must be filed with Miss Stella
Hawkins, Secretary of the State
Board of Nurse Examiners, Albany,
N. Y., by July 1, 1941. After that
it will be too late. Everyone who
knows a nurse who has not yet
made application for her license is
requested to call her attention to
this notice. B. F.

Caution

Every other Spring our crabapple
tree is a huge bouquet of pure white
fragrant blossoms. It is equally
beautiful in Autumn when laden
with bright red and yellow fruit.
As crabapple jelly is a prime favorite
at our home, we can quantities of
the juice to be made up at leisure.

As I opened a can of juice re¬
cently I found a tiny particle of
glass on the rim of the can, and I
wondered how many housewives
examine the tops of fruit jars care¬
fully when removing the lids or
covers. Some have seemed to think
me a crank about the matter, but
serious results may lurk behind
the chipped edge of a glass can.

Old cans become brittle with age
and slivers of glass may not be
noticed. It is a wise precaution to
discard those with rough edges be¬
fore the canning season gets under
way.

The newer tops are a great im¬
provement over the older types of
can covers, but here again chipping
may occur if the lids are pried off
in removing. If a puncture of the
lid is made with a good sharp can
opener it is easily lifted. a. v. i.

Fooling the Moths

If June 1 still finds you with
some of your Winter woolens not
put away, try doing the job cpiickly
by making huge bags out of several
thicknesses of newspapers, and
storing things in them. You can
stitch the bags up on a sewing
machine, or seal them closed with
transparent Scotch Cellulose mend¬
ing tape (a dime’s worth goes a
long ways). Label all the bags. Put
all your woolen gloves and socks
and caps and small things into one
bag. Use big square bags for your
blankets; long garment bags for
your coats and dresses. Moths do
not like the print on the newspapers,
so this simple method gives you
protection, at no cost. r. b. r.

Book Note

“They Came to a River,” by Allis
McKay, published by MacMillan
Company, is a story of American
pioneering in the apple orchards of
the Columbia River Valley and the
Great Northwest. It is also the story
of hardships, tragedy and happiness
that came into the life of a woman
pioneer from her little girlhood,
when she came with her family to
“the river” which ever after was
to have such a part in their lives.
The author lived through some of
the experiences herself, and for the
rest talked with many old-time
settlers, so that the background of
social customs, laws and ranch equip¬
ment is authentic. This tale of
bringing productive orchards out
of unpromising land should be es¬
pecially interesting to Eastern apple
growers, along with its appeal as a
good story. c. b. w.

I was too proud to love

And worship at home hills that walled me in
When my young eager feet would rove
Broad highways of the world.

But now I’ve traveled lands of brutal code,

And watched great nations hurled

To shame, sickened at war- wolves’ greed and din, _

Humbly I seek again that little road
Back to the sheltering hills of home,

Where peace and silence keep abode,

Where plain folk name me kin.

Oh, I am going home
To pray at altars of the hills,

Find mystic healing in their loam,

For God waits in the rugged hills of home.

Alta Booth Dunn

Try Something New

If you have never grown the
Cushaw as a pie pumpkin you have
a pleasant surprise awaiting you,
that is, if you plant it this year.

The Cushaw is a pumpkin but
resembles a crookneck squash ex¬
cept in coloring. It is green, mottled
with white, somewhat like a water¬
melon. It has thick solid flesh rather
light yellow, but of fine quality. Its
seed cavity is small. It is of such
fine grain that after putting through
the colander all the meat from one
large pumpkin there was not more
than one tablespoon of refuse. Inci¬
dentally if you have always stewed
pumpkin for pies try steaming it and
see how much easier it is.

Have you tried also the packet of
mixed radish seeds offered by many
seedsmen? They have the advantage
of maturing at different times and
are of various shapes and colors to
suit all tastes, as the early varieties
mature and are pulled before the later
kinds have a chance to develop. Let¬
tuce also comes in mixed packets and
offers the same possibilities. We
might add that the elements of
chance and variety offered by these
packets add to the pleasure of
gardening.

Also the yellow and orange toma¬
toes add variety, and their mildness
is an asset to those who want to
avoid too much acid. For table use
a dish of both yellow and red
tomatoes is pleasing to the eye and
taste alike.

If you have never used home¬
grown sage you will be pleasantly
surprised by its strength and flavor.
The sage is a perennial plant easily
grown from seed or plant. The
broad-leaved variety is best. The
leaves are picked in mid-Summer,
dried, rubbed through a sieve into
a powder and kept in a tight con¬
tainer. They are fine for seasoning
dressings, meat loaf and other dishes.
Once established the plants will live
for years and the shortage of sage
due to European troubles is an added
inducement to raise our own.

Try some new vegetable or at least
some new variety this year. Remem¬
ber avoiding everything new is a
sign you are growing old and no one
wants to do that a. t.

Timely Recipes

Banana and Strawberry Jam. —
One-half cup banana pulp, 3 cups
(IV2 lbs.) crushed strawberries, %
cup lemon juice, 7 cups (3 lbs.)
sugar, 1/2 bottled fruit pectin.

To prepare fruits, crush to fine
pulp or grind two bananas. Crush or
grind about IV2 quarts fully ripe
strawberries. Squeeze juice from two
medium lemons.

Measure sugar, prepared fruits,
and lemon juice into large kettle,
mix well, and bring to a full rolling
boil over hottest fire. Stir constantly
before and while boiling. Boil hard
one minute. Remove from fire and
stir in bottled fruit pectin. Skim;
pour quickly. Paraffin hot jam at
once. Makes about 10 glasses (6
fluid ounces each).

Clotted Cream. — Any farmer can
have the famous clotted cream whlth
gives a heavenly touch to fresh fruit
or fruit pies. Strain fresh milk into
a wide shallow pan and set on back
of range with heat low, leave for
two nours, to heat slowly but do
not allow to scald. Then set in a
cold place for 24 hours. Skim the
thick cream off, the top into a jar
and gently beat with a fork until
the right consistency to serve. It
should be very thick and clotted.

English Muffins. — Two cups of
milk scalded and cooled, 2 tables¬
poons of sugar, 2 tablespoons of
butter, 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 yeast
cake.

Place the sugar, salt and butter in
a large bowl, pour over the hot milk
when cool to luke warm, crumble
in the yeast cake. Now sift 4 cups
of flour and measure just 4 cups into
bowl and beat well. Place in a warm
place at about 80 degrees. Cover
well, allow to raise two hours or
double the bulk when raised. Grease
muffin pans well, half fill and allow
to raise to top. Bake at 375 degrees
Fahrenheit for about ten minutes.

MRS. G. H.

, , „•*'*** \
°" rO4*4*

Get the I

You often find your
rose bushes covered with aphis. Protect
them with "Black Leaf 40.” It also kills

leof hoppers, leaf miners, most thrips,
young sucking bugs, mealy bugs, lace
bugs and similar insects.

A LITTLE GOES A LONG WAY

One ounce makes 6 gallons of spray for
aphis, which can be used on vegetables, flow¬
ers, shrubs and trees. Spray early, before the
insects damage your plants. Ask your dealer.

Insist on Original Factory Sealed

Packages for Full

“ i m Strength «s»

Tobacco By-Products
& Chemical Corp.
Incorporated
Louisville, Kentucky

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and Kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Wiilnot soil or injure anything.
Lasts all season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, Inc..
150 De Kalb Ave.,B’klyn,N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

New Curtains for Summer

You can easily make these en¬
chanting curtains of crisp dotted
Swiss — even if you never made cur¬
tains before.

Our 32-page booklet tells in detail
how to make drapery-curtains, for¬
mal draperies, glass curtains, swags,
valances.

Send 10 cents in coin for your copy
of New Ideas in Making Curtains
and Draperies to The Rural New-
Yorker, 333 West 30th St., New
York City.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

If you have a flower garden and
live near an Army camp, don’t for¬
get that a bunch of flowers will do
a lot to brighten up the camp
hospital.

It will be well to cultivate your
pet flowering and medicinal herbs
with special care this Summer.
There is a shortage of those that
usually come from abroad and that
makes the home-grown ones of more
value. c. b. w.

“My hobby is collecting different
varieties of hardy mums and dahlias.
Have over 150 named varieties of
each. Will exchange with all who
write and send list.”

Ohio MRS. j. h. w.

“I like crocheting, do fancy work
and make patches for blocks for
quilts. I also love to cook and do
canning.” mrs. m. e. c. m.

New Jersey

“I am interested in quilts and
would like a block from every State.
I live on a small farm and also
enjoy canning and cooking.”

New Jersey mrs. h. m.

T E L

mmiam

21 FLOORS OF
OUTSIDE
ROOMS

EACH WITH
COMBINATION
TUB & SHOWER

Off one

’■ y me

From

DAILY

SINGLE

ALBERT

PICK

HOTELS

CADILLAC SQUARE
AT BATES STREET

DETROIT

•P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

357

The Visiting Nurse

Diet and Disease

Part II

Arthritis is inflamation. of a joint
which swells up, aches, throbs, is
difficult to move. It is sometimes
mis-called “rheumatism.”

If you have arthritis, sweets and
starches should be reduced. Milk is
an important item and should be
taken to the tune of at least a quart
a day. Products made from soy beans
are good since protein is needed.
The whites of eggs are excellent, so
eggs may be taken freely.

An increase in vitamins and in
minerals is essential. Wheat germ
in some form, plus cod liver oil or
vitamin concentrates may be ordered
by the doctor. If they are, remember
please, they are not drugs but foods.
You can get enough minerals and
vitamins for ordinary needs if you
faithfully eat every day several
different kinds of fruits and vege¬
tables, but — far too few do!

Nephritis is inflamation of the
kidney, so calls for possible aid for
that excretory organ. Since salt in¬
creases the desire for fluids and since
fluids in excessive amounts would
overtax the kidneys, keep to a salt-
free diet as much as possible.

So far as meat is concerned, let
the doctor tell you how much to
take, but remember that white meat
is considered no less harmful now
than red. Do not take any gravies
or meat broths. Be sparing of eggs.
Avoid tea and coffee; take substi¬
tutes and milk. If you want sweets,
eat honey, maple syrup and dates,
but avoid all fats.

Remember always that only a
physician can decide what is the
matter with you and until such a
decision has been medically reached,
it would be wrong to try to get well
through some self-imposed or recom¬
mended diet.

Since diet for gall bladder trouble
was discussed so recently that disease
will not be referred to here. Let us
clearly state again that no disease
can be diagnosed without a doctor,
so never take for granted that you
have a certain ailment and try to
treat it through diet or in any other
way. Many people have injured them¬
selves seriously for life or have even
paved the way for the end of life
itself through self-selected diets.

Particularly is this true of young
people who wish to reduce. If you
or anyone whom you know feels an
urge to lose weight, let a competent
physician tell how. If he says to
“reduce starches and sugars” cut
down then on candy, ice cream, cake,
pies, puddings. Restrict yourself to
one slice of bread at a meal. Substi¬
tute other roots such as carrots,
parsnips, onions, for potatoes three
or four times a week. Eat more leafy
vegetables — at least four helpings of
them every day. Let celery, tomatoes
and cabbage take the place of corn.
Eat a great deal of fruit which is
juicy, but do not add sugar to it.
Drink a great deal of water and at

least a quart of whole milk every
day. Keep the intestines active with
figs, prunes, apples, oranges and
lemons.

If you are too thin take chocolate
or malt in your milk with addi¬
tional cream. Eat more bread and
potatoes. Accept a second helping of
cake, pie and pudding if you wish,
provided you have eaten the more
essential foods first. Enjoy molasses
and honey. But be sure you take
vegetables and fruits at least twice
every day. Have cooked cereals with
cream for breakfast. Ask your doctor
If a Vitamin B tonic would help in¬
crease your appetite and weight.
Take cod liver oil twice a day and
remember — it is a food, not a drug.

If you suffer a great deal from
indigestion see your doctor and let
him find out what the trouble is.
If he says it is due to careless eating
than reduce your fats and sugars;
give up eating fried things; take
meat only once a day and watch care¬
fully the effects of certain foods for
which you may have an allergy.
Avoid or overcome constipation.

When diarrhea occurs it is wise
to stop solid food at once. For 48
hours take only mild broths, weak
tea and toast water. Avoid fruit
juices. If the condition is not
checked at the end of two days, call
a doctor. If it is, begin slowly to
add more nourishing foods. Try rice
and oatmeal water; boiled milk and
a little milk toast. If these cause no
recurrence, add soft-boiled eggs,
scraped beef, tender breast of chicken,
baked potato and lightly buttered
bread. For at least 10 days following
such an attack “go slow” on rough
foods, fried foods, veal, pork, clams
and rich desserts.

Ulcers are particularly prevalent
during these trying, nerve-wracking
years. If the doctor ever says you
have an ulcer decide right away to
pamper it. Doing this may avert an
operation. Turn a deaf ear to all
invitations to eat whatever the doctor
says should be taboo. On this list
you may find: alcohol, nuts, pork
(other than crisply broiled bacon) ;
meat soups, broths and gravies; un¬
cooked fruits and raw vegetables;
pickles; spices, pies, rich cakes and
candy.

Diabetes? Well, that’s a disease
which needs special diets for each
special person. Fluids in large
amounts may be taken; other foods
in quantities which are restricted.
Weights and measures will be pressed
into service as will tables of the
different foods’ content. Of course
sugar has to be “given up” to a great
extent, though the diabetic had
better carry some lumps in his
pocket to use in emergency cases.

Modern treatment of this once-
dread disease makes it far less un¬
bearable than it used to be. Fact
is diabetics nowadays are able to
lead quite happy, carefree lives —
under constant medical supervision.

Beulah France, R. N.

Baked in a layer cake dish this chocolate cake, (or any other ) is ready to

serve at home or on a picnic.

I stopped playi

Blind Man’s Bufj

with happiness!

“IT was LIKE taking off a blindfold that
day I was in a Perfection dealer’s and saw
how much oil stoves had improved — how
behind the times my old stove was!”

“they’re so clean! ...not a bit of smoke,
soot or odor. And the burners stay set at
just the temperature you want. You can put
dinner on and leave it ’til it’s done!”

"he showed me how modern Perfection Oil
Ranges heat up instantly— as fast as gas, and
faster than electricity! And there’s no danger
of the children turning them on accidentally!”

“perfection’s ‘live heat’ oven is a marvel,
too. There’s a heat indicator and an automatic
timing clock. Some Perfection models even
have connections for outside fuel storage!”

“i decided RIGHT then it was ‘Perfection’ for
me! We can enjoy modem ‘vitamin cooking’
now. And I’m making big savings, too, for fuel

costs less than 40 cents a week for my oil-
bur n i n g Perfection! Believe me, I’m really
happy with my modem Perfection Oil Range !”

DISCOVER THE DIFFERENCE IN MODERN

PERFECTION

(^RANGES

LOW PRICES EASY TERMS

Beautiful Illustrated Book,

PERFECTION STOVE COMPANY The Mark
7289-C Piatt Ave., Cleveland, Ohio of Quality

Please send me. Free, the new 24-page book
‘Better Cooking with Less Work” □. Also booklet
on Superfex Oil Burning Refrigerators □.

Nnmp _

St nr P F.D Post Offire

C rvnntv Stntf. _

THAT’S BECAUSE
I WENT TO A&P
AND HAD IT
CUSTOM GROUND

SECOND CUP, PLEASE,
ALICE, YOU’VE HIT THE
COFFEE BULLSEYE
AT LAST!

Custom Ground coffee is A&P coffee correctly
ground for your own coffee pot.

bok85\

icortffi

Laic «***

\ ta*r£

COFFEE

SERVICE

AT ALL A&P FOOD STORES

When you write advertisers mention The R. N. - Y. and you ’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

May 31, 1941

PULLETS

Down to

sy90

MALES

1 40

UNSEXED

$590

PRICES

SEND FOR OUR

CATALOG

Make a side by side
comparison of our Prices

and Quality with any other
chicks and prove to your¬
self you can save up to
5c per chick. Our Fine
Purebred Foundation
Chicks are second to none,
regardless of price. They
are One Grade Only —

THE BEST, and come from 196,000 Blood Tested
Breeders, all Super-Culled and Hogan-Tested for
High Premium Quality Egg Records and
Big, Fast Growing Broilers. Send today for

our Amazing Bargain Prices and Catalog.

A postcard will do.

SIEB’S HATCHERY

Box 195, Lincoln, Illinois

FAIRPORT chick's

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . . . Parmenter Reds
Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

. d n n emrn 21 years of steady breeding im-

• n. u. r. olnfcU provement with bloodlines from
WH LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those

ponce PDcnc at>ove make this year’s chicks our

• LKubo-DHtUa greatest breeding values. TJ. S.

• SEXEO CHICKS Approved — pullorum tested. Every

. „ . . breeder selected and banded by

in all breeds N. Y. State Don’t, of Agriculture
official. Largest state supervised
hatchery in N. Y. We hatch the year round.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Box R Fairport, Now York

Every breeding bird that sup¬
plies eggs lor the big Kerr in¬
cubators is blood-tested every
year for Pullorum disea&e
(B.W.D.) by the slow tube ag¬
glutination method. This means
more than 120.000 tests. Kerr
laboratories have probably
tested more chickens than any
other laboratory in the country.

All this careful work is hack of
every chick you buy from Kerr.

Chicks of your chosen breed. Write for FREE
literature and advance order discount offer.

KERR CHICKERIES

19 RAILROAD AVE., FRENCHTOWN, N. J.

There’s a branch office near you— call today

NEW JERSEY: Jamesburg, Paterson, Woodbury;
NEW YORK: Binghamton, Blue Point, L. L, East
Syracuse, Kingston, Middletown, Schenectady;
PENNSYLVANIA: Durmore, Lancaster, Lewistown:
MASS.: West Springfield: CONN.: Danbury; DEL¬
AWARE: Selbyville. (Address Dept. 19).

nnllm

Witt • j-H+Lj

: ; AI.sM 'jt 1.1

i Lti

111::;

-.-JM B Leghorns-Reds-RocksAVyandottes
New Ha m pshi res- Hallcross (GossW) Chicks

“WELL BRED/^WELL BREEDERS”

We have the facts

SEND FOB YOUR FREE COPY TODAY
Hall Brothers Hatchery Inc., Box 60, Wallingford, Conn.

Poultry Life on the Range

(Continued from Page 346)

overhead v-shaped hood which will
keep the mash dry whatever weather
prevails, and will also protect the
pullets from the sun as they eat.
The pictures accompanying this
article show how both the Summer
shelter and Summer food hopper
look and work. Neither is hard to
make in the farm workshop, nor
is either expensive. Many poultry
growers like to provide also a low
v-shaped trough, (it need not be
covered) , into which the morning and
evening grain ration may be strewn
instead of scattering it over the
land area where it may be con¬
taminated with manure. The grain
trough is a more sanitary practice.
It may be constructed of two six-
inch boards nailed together at right
angles and held in v-shape by end
supports. This trough may be hung
up out of the way, except when
needed, morning and night, on the
end of the shelter. This will help
to keep it clean. Wash both food
hoppers occasionally through the
Summer, so that they will always
keep both grain and mash abso¬
lutely clean and sanitary. This is
especially necessary if a storm has
beaten in and made the hoppers
sticky and dirty.

The water trough, or pan, usually
of a temporary nature out on the
Summer range, must also be simple,
spacious, easily used, located where
the pullets will be tempted to drink
much and often, near the food
supply, and sanitary. Pullets need
a constant supply of clean, cool,
sanitary water during all lighted
hours on the range.

From Large Size,
heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks
from Free Range Blood-
tested healthy vigorous selected
stock. For June delivery at $7 per
100; $20 per 300; $33 per 500; $65
per 1000. Sexed Pullets $14 per 100;
$66 per 500; $130 per 1000.

Cockerels $1.50 per 100.

Order from this ad. or write for Cat.

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Box R. Kleinfeltersville, Pa.

MAPLE LAWN CHICKS

Hatches every Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpaid. Pits. Ckls. Str.

Large Eng. White Leghorns . $12.00 $2.00 $6.00

Barred & White Bocks . 8.50 7.00 7.00

Bed-Rock Cross . 8.50 7.00 7.00

B. I. Beds & Wh. Wyandottes _ 8.50 7.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.50 5.50 6.00

Buy Now! Extra Quality! Bred for size and egg pro¬
duction. All Breeders Bloodtested. Pit’s 90% guar.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Maple Lawn Hatchery, Box R, MoAlisterville, Pa.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

White or Barred Bocks . 7.00 9.00 7 00

New Hampshires or S.C.R.I. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00

Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chioks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM,

Wm. Nace. (Prop.). Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Postage Paid.
Will Ship C.O.D. Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

Guar- 95% 100 100 100

W*>. Leghorns. . . . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

... W>;- Bocks, R I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Bd.-Rk. Cross, S.L.Wy., N. H. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50
ill. A Wh Giants, Lt. Brahmas.. 8.00 11.00 8.00

HFRRSnR'fuATrurDV5 £5-95; H- Mix Ckls. $6.
HERBSTER S HATCHERY, Box R, McCLURE, Pa.

Sexing
Large
Br. &

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2.00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
R.I. Reds, Rd-Ropk Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Reds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms’ Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Reliable
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER, Box R, McAlisterville. Pa,

WAYSIDE FARM

S. C. Rhode Island Reds, exclusively. Our chicks
have given complete satisfaction to hundreds of
customers; their repeat orders year after year
prove it. They might do as well for you. Think it over.

01&&S $8.50

Satisfaction guaranteed. Circular.

WAYSIDE FARM, J. C. Smith, Prop.

R. D. 2, Box R, Middletown, New York

BABY CHICKS

Sexed or Started

PULLETS and COCKERELS

From Old Hen Breeders. Rugged,
Large Size. Large Eggs, Heavy Lay¬
ing Leghorns. Send for circular.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM
Phone 421 East Moriches, N.Y.

Stuck9 s Quality Chicks

100% live delivery. 100-Str. 100-Plts. 100-Ckls.

Large Type W. Leg . $5.50 $11.00 $2.00

N. H. Red Special . 9.00 13.00 6.50

Bar. & Wh. Bocks . 6.50 8.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.50

STUCK’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY,

H. N. Stuck, Prop., Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

SPADE’S QUALITY CHICKS

Hatches Monday & Thursday Non-Sex. Pits. Ckls.
Pullets 95% Guaranteed 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. W. Leghorns _ $6.00 $ 1 1.00 $3.00

Barred &. White Rocks . $6.50 9.00 6.50

All Free Range B. W. D. Bloodtested Breeders. 100%
live delivery Post Paid. Order from ad or write
for FREE Catalog. J. S. SPADE POULTRY FARM,
Box R, McAlisterville, Penna.

A, W. (JLSH'S GUJTII.];> CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.50 $2.50

Barred & W’hite Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

N. H. Reds, W. Wy„ Bf. Orps. . . 7.50 10.50 7.50

H. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Post’pd. Sex 95% ac.
A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

-*V OFWUTY-mOkCM

■^(murmDtiL smnm

1(M% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns . $6.00 $10.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R.I. Reds . 6.50 8.50 6.00

Mixed $5; H. Mixed $5.50-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R, MCALISTERVILLE, PA.

QUALITY CHICKS

Utility Leghorns and Heavy Assorted . $6.00

A. A. GRADE LEGHORNS . 6.50

N. H., R. I. Reds, Barred and Wh. Rooks.... 6.50

A. A. SEXED LEGHORN PULLETS . 11.50

Heavy Pullets . 8.50

Leghorn Ckls. $1.50-100; Heavy Cockerels . 5.00

Plum Creek Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Sunbury, Pa.

Progeny Tested Leghorns

Trapnested, pedigreed, pullorum clean. ALL OLD HEN
BREEDERS. Day old chicks, day old pullets, 4 weeks
pullets. Lowest prices in 25 years, Free catalog.

WILLOW BROOK POULTRY* FARM
Allen H. Bulkley & Son, - Odessa. New York

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a Quick reply and a “square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

95% Guar. Pullets
_______ 100% live del.

Large Type English Leghorns. .$5.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, B. I. Reds 6.50

Red-Rock Cross . 7-09

N. H. Reds . 7.00

Black Minorcas . 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D.
It will pay you to get our 1941 FREE Catalog of
31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa,

Str.

Pult’a

Ckls.

100

$5.50

$11.00

$2.00

; 6.50

8.50

6.50

7.00

9.00

6.50

7.00

9.00

6.50

12.00

2.50

5.50

7.00

5.50

QUALITY
CH ICKS

6L6CTRICALLV HATCHED

Hatches Monday & Thursdays. Str. Pits. Ckls.

Catalog Free. Cash or C. O. D. 100 100 100

Large Hanson Str. W. Leghorns. .$6.00 $12.00 $2.00

Bar. & W. Box, B. I. REDS _ 7.00 10.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 8.00 10.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.00 5.50

100% Live Arrival Guar.

Hanson or Large Type S. C.

WHITE LEGHORNS . .

White Rocks . 6.00

'B. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds _

New Hampshire Beds . ..., . 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Antigen Method”
We pay all postage. Sexing guar. 95% on all Pullet
Chicks. Order direct from ad. or write for FREE

Catalog. Cash or C.O.D.. R. W. ELSASSER

POULTBY FARM. Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

100

Str.

Pits.

Ckls.

$6.00

$12.00

$3.00

6.00

9.00

6.00

9.00

6.00

6.50

10.00

6.00

5.50

8.00

5.50

SWWlYV VtNVXW NSrk

- - CHICKS

i RStB *S#E SRS3 tzn a Hanson & Pa. R.O.P.
Ivows—ini'-itK"- Foundation Leghorns,
§ 1*56 8558 . S5W -»■"! 250 to 300 egg record

matings, BWD Tested.

100% live Arrival postpaid. Unsexed Pits. Ckls.
Pullets Guar. 95% 100 100 100

ENGLISH LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

N. H. REDS . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Mixed, 80% Heavies Gt’d _ 6.00 8.00 5.00

Cat. of Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write.
Shadel Poultry Farm, Rt. 5, McAlisterville. Pa.

Growing Rations

The growing of naturally strong,
healthy pullets is not hard. It means
giving them clean, sanitary sur¬
roundings, as intimated above, and
access to water and rations which
will stimulate rapid growth egg-
producing maturity. Of course, there
are countless good growing rations
on the market, and many open
formulas available to farmers who
would mix their own. It is impor¬
tant this year in particular that
farmers and poultrymen should use
an economical growing ration, in
order to keep the cost of producing
a replacement layer down to the
lowest figure possible, consistent with
quality and healthful development.

I am often asked for our New
Jersey formula which has been used
by hundreds of poultry growers for
many years. The dry mash consists
of 100 lbs. each of yellow cornmeal,
pulverized heavy oats, wheat bran,
flour wheat middlings, and 55 per
cent protein meat scraps, with 5
lbs. of salt added. This is the “5
part mix” but it grows good pullets
out on range where the sun and
green feed furnish vitamins and pro¬
tective elements and minerals.
Supplementing this simple mash a
grain mixture is used consisting of
40 lbs. cracked yellow corn, 40 lbs.
wheat, and 20 lbs. oats. Feed the
grain morning and evening in such
amounts as they will eat up in from
20 minutes to a half hour. Keep
the mash in open hoppers where
they may eat it at will. Keep oyster
shell or limestone grit in open hop¬
pers where they can pick at it at
will.

Police Ranges Daily

CAe&betC ya££&u Chirx\

1 VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY

CASH OR C. O. D.

Large Type Hanson _ .

S. C. White Leghorns . $5.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds
Direct New Hampshire Reds . .

Bed-Rock Cross . 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Sexing Guar. _ _

accurate. Order direct from adv. or write for FREE cat.
Chester Valley Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

fi -Sex.

Pullets

Ckls

100

$5.50

$11.00

$2.00

6.50

8.50

6.50

8.50

12.00

6.50

7.00

9.50

6.50

5.50

7.00

5.50

95%

BPumcmHEP’5 [mens

Cash or C. O. D. Post Paid Unsexed Pits Ckls

95% True to Sex 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Rods . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Buff Orps., W. Wy„ N. H. Reds _ 7.50 10.50 6.50

Jersey White Giants . 9.00 (2.00 9.00

Lamonas (Dual Purpose Breed) . 10.00 20.00 4.00

Heavy Mixed. .$5.75-100: Heavy Cockerels. .$6.00-100.

All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

100% del. Cash or C.O.D. Free Cir. Hanson or
r, „ Sexed Leghorn 100 500 1000

Pullets (95% guaranteed) . $1 1.00 $55.00 $1 10

Hanson or English Wh. Leghorns.. 5.50 27.00 55

Special Mating Leghorn Pullets _ 12.00 60.00 120

Barred & Wh. Rocks & Reds.... 7.00 35.00 70

Breeders Blood Tested. H. Mix $6- Leg Ckls SI 80
NIEMOND’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY
Box R, McAlistervitie, Penna!

Norman Niemond,

The farmer should go out over
the young stock ranges every day,
looking for carcasses of birds which
may have died and which will de¬
compose quickly in hot weather and
cause trouble if picked at by 'other
birds. Look at the water supply,
and be sure it is operating satis¬
factorily, and that it is clean. Watch
the food hoppers, and see that food
is ample and continuous in supply.
Look at the birds themselves. Occa¬
sionally catch and handle several.
They should be kept in good flesh
throughout the Summer. Look for
evidences of lice on the pullets, and
for the red mites beneath the perches.
If the lice are seen, dust the birds
with sodium fluoride, and if mites
are seen paint the perches with a
red mite destroyer.

This year’s pullets are going to be
ultra-valuable this coming Fall for
our own poeple demand an ever in¬
creasing supply of fresh eggs, our
camps will use millions of eggs, and
foreign countries will call on us for
eggs and egg products, no doubt.

Chieks from two to four year old hen breeders. R.O.P
Chicks $7.-100; Pullets $14.-100. Hanson Strain

Cockerebf S2 ^ ?nii Pfllets 95% sex guarantee.

jjv£„elus, ?2-'100- Immediate delivery. Postage paid
Free Catalog. C. M SHELLF N R fr r

POULTBY FARM, Box 34% ICHFIEL D EpENNA

BIG CHICK BARGAINS
gn” ' *741

?na«rk £or?lsh '?* ea- Mix above breeds $5.95 M Too
100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage COD 100%
Alive. EWING’S HATCHERY. BOX 2, McCLURE, Pa!

- MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

sh1res%7!5o'; Rock-fied%Cims8 ^Llfo f w!c?iant?'$9^!LegI
horn Pullets $13; Leg. Ckls. $1.50; H. Mixed $6.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

, „ul’?ts 95 % guar. $11.-100; Bar. & Wh!
Rocks, R. I, & N. H, Reds $6.50; H. Mix 35 75* Tpo-
Ckls. $2.50. 100% live del. guar. Postpaid. Can ship
now. Country Hatchery, Box 97, McAlisterville, Pa!

June chicks $9.00-100. SINE^QUAKERTOWN, CpA

Wh Wvandntfp Pllllpfq Cockerels six Weeks old
ru,,els and older. 60c up. 41st
year. SHERMAN BOWDEN, Box I95A, Mansfield, O.

Wanted: 500 white leghorn pullets. February or earlv
March hatching. LeRoy Brown, East View, New York

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland’s Bronze Turkey Belt

Liberal DISCOUNT on early ORDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

6000 HARDY BRONZE POULTS WEEKLY

From Bloodtested stock. Livability. Quick Maturing
Baby Beef Type. Write for our Price List.

HIGHLAND FARM - Sellersville, Pennsylvania

Sure-Profit POULTS

Catalog Free. KOSEDALE POULTRY FARM, Ijnnkei* own, Pa.

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS 5 breeds. Lovr

SEIDELTON FARMS.

... prices. Circular.

WASHINGTON VI LLE, PA,

Bronze, Bourbon Red, (Royal Palm) Black Turkeys
eggs. Poults. Elsie Hallock, Washington Depot, Conn!

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKLINGS e^v!dcu™

LAKEVIEW POULTRY FARM, Box R, Barker, N. v!

DUCKLINGS Imperial Mammoth Pekins $13-100.

u UvnuilUi Meadowbrook. Bnx R Richfioin p*

DUCKLINGS — Highest
Lipory’s Duck Hatchery.

quality. Lowest prices.

Rt. I. New Brunswick. N. J.

ren ui du rairs pineons

% tfiv UUo, ilU B/lUUUVillK (It O

THEODORE KIBURZ, R.D. 2, MIDDLEBURG

All producing at $2. pair.

‘TDDLEBURG. N. Y.

Guinea thicks— day-old. Any quantity. W’eekly ship
ments. DREXEL TURKEY FARM. Drexel Hill, Pa

iiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiii

The Farmer His
Own Builder

By B. Armstrong Roberts

A practical and
handy book of all
kinds of building
information from
concrete to carpen¬
try. Price $1.50.

For sale by

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER
333W. 30th SI., N. Y

(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiiiiiHii

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

359

Coccidiosis Control and Prevention

From the age of 3 to 12 weeks
one of the most potent causes
of chick loss will be acute cocci¬
diosis. Chronic coccidiosis, while
sometimes affecting chicks of these
ages, occurs mostly after 12 weeks
of age.

Symptoms of Acute Coccidiosis

Young chicks in the brooder house
are most often affected with acute
or “bloody” coccidiosis (Eimeria
tenella). It produces infection of the
caeca or blind guts, causing such
severe damage that hemorrhages
occur and blood is passed out with
the caecal droppings. When the
chicks are so badly affected that
blood is passed they are in the acute
stage of this disease and severe
losses may occur unless treatment
is prompt and effective.

Whenever chicks between 3 weeks
and 12 to 14 weeks of age act
“dumpy,” lose their appetites and
hump up and huddle under the edge
of the hover, acute coccidiosis is
the most probable thing to suspect.
If nothing is done then the disease^
will become severe and bloody
droppings may be voided by the
chicks. The birds eat little, but may
have full crops, nevertheless, they
starve and show emaciation. In the
latter stages there is a paleness of
comb, wattles and face, and the
chicks huddle together with closed
eyes, droopy wings and ruffled
feathers.

Treatment for Control

Transmission of the disease is de¬
pendent on the chick eating sporu-
lated oocysts. In other words,
coccidia, which are microscopic
protozan parasites, live from year to
year in a resting stage as oocysts.
In order for these to become again
infective, they must incubate much
as a hen’s egg at the proper tem¬
perature and humidity until they
have reached the stage where they
are able to infect the digestive tract
of the chick. When they are then
picked up from the litter they cause
coccidiosis to develop. Grave danger
lies in the number of these infective
oocysts that are picked up by the
chick. A few chicks first become in¬
fected, and after several days pass
large numbers of oocysts in their
droppings. These lay in litter and
in turn incubate or sporulate and
again are picked up by more chicks,
until the epidemic is general in the
flock.

To build up a severe infection of
this kind takes 3 to 4 weeks when
conditions are favorable for its de¬
velopment. For this reason, any
chick that acts dumpy and listless
after 3 or 4 weeks of age, and is not
ready to eat should be viewed with
suspicion. Early identification of
acute coccidiosis will make it possi¬
ble to apply prompt treatment.

Clean-out and Clean-up

Prevention of severe losses depends
on (1) the ability to identify the
trouble in its early stages; (2) a
prompt clean-out of the digestive
tract of the chick with proper flush¬
ing agent and, (3) a thorough clean¬
ing program for the house and yards
if chicks have access to the ground.

Flushing Chicks

At the first indication of a let-up
in feed consumption, it is well to
give the chicks a mild flush, and
then thoroughly clean the pen and
put in dry clean litter.- Flushing
agents are chiefly (1) epsom salts,
(2) 40% milk mash, (3) commercial
flushing mashes, (4) molasses, (5)
baking soda.

Use of Flushing Agents

1. Epsom Salts. — Quantity table

per 100 fowl:

Amount

Age

Weight

of salts

of water

wk.

12 lbs.

% tablespoon

2 ‘a qts.

wks.

25 lbs.

1% tablespoons

4‘/2 qts.

wks.

50 lbs.

5 tablespoons

8 qts.

wks.

100 lbs.

10 tablespoons

ny2 qts.

wks.

166 lbs.

1 cup or % lb.

16 qts.

wks.

250 lbs.

IV2 cups or */2 lb.

20 qts.

Adults

500 lbs.

3 cups or 1 lb.

24 qts.

Take all the drink away from the
birds at mid-day for a period of
two hours or so, in order that the
birds may become thirsty. Dissolve
the amount of epsom salts in the
amount of water as indicated above
on the chart. Distribute the salt
solution throughout the water foun¬
tains. After the salt solution has

been consumed, refill the fountains
with fresh water. This should flush
the birds during the night and thus
not contaminate the range or litter
in the house very much. Mix 15 to
18 pounds of dried milk with 100
pounds of regular mash, and feed
for a period of one week or 10 days.
If you have liquid milk available,
it may be fed as such, instead of
the dried milk, by replacing one-
half the number of water fountains
with milk receptacles which should
be something other than metal.

2. 40% Milk Mash. — Any form
of dried milk may be used. An ap¬
proximate 40% milk mash may be
made by mixing 3 parts of the
regular mash with 2 parts dried milk.
Take away all scratch grain and feed
the milk mash until you get a flush¬
ing action, which ordinarily is not
over two days. Do not continue to
feed after the flushing action has
started, but take it away and con¬
tinue with your regular feed. After
the flush is over, clean out the pens
and put in fresh litter.

3. Baking Soda, (Sodium Bicarbo¬
nate) Chicks. — One level teaspoon
to 1 quart of water or 1 level table¬
spoon to 1 gallon of water. Give as
drinking water for one day only.
Adults: Two level teaspoons to the
quart of water or 2 level tablespoons
to the gallon of water. Give as drink¬
ing water for one day only. Clean
out the pens following the flush, and
put in fresh litter. Baking soda is
indicated in cases of indigestion and
sour crop. Be very careful not to
give more than is recommended.

4. Molasses Flush. — A satisfactory
flushing can be secured by replac¬
ing the regular drinking water with
a mixture of molasses and water
at the ratio of about 1 part molasses
to 16 parts water. Sometimes one of
these materials works better than
another, and if it is found necessary
to repeat the clean-out, it is advis¬
able to shift from one flushing agent
to another. Caution: Avoid excessive
flushing.

Clean-up

‘Flushing will result in putting
most of the coccidia from the caeca
of the chicks into the litter. As soon
as a good flushing has resulted it is
then desirable to clean out the pen
thoroughly and put in fresh litter.
In doing this, keep the pen as dry
as possible.

During a severe outbreak of acute
coccidiosis it may be necessary to
clean the pens daily for a few days,
and then every 3 to 5 days for sever¬
al periods. All possible efforts should
be directed to keeping the pens dry.
Also, as the chicks will be feeling
pretty “tough,” a little added heat
during such a period will be of dis¬
tinct help in getting the chicks over
the “humps.” To aid in keeping the
pens dry during this treatment, use
a limited amount of litter, just
enough to keep the pens in good
shape, and change often. Also the
chicks should be confined to the pens
unless wire sunporches are available
for them.

In case the chicks are running out
on the ground, and the house is too
crowded when the chicks are con¬
fined, the houses should be moved
to clean ground. If this is impossible,
spread enough lime around daily to
cover up all droppings so that they
cannot be picked up and eaten by
the chickens.

Prevention

It is as true now as ever, that
an ounce of prevention is woi'th a
pound of cure. Prevention can play
a large part with trouble from acute
coccidiosis. The idea that super¬
sanitation would prevent it, did not
work out.

Resistance

It has been definitely established
that with acute coccidiosis, and
possibly some other types, a very
mild infestation will build up resis¬
tance to some degree. Your birds thus
will gradually build up resistance to
the particular strains (or families)
of coccidia that are present on your
farm, and henceforth you will have
less trouble. Nevetheless, when you
try different stock you may have
more trouble for a while until these
new birds build up a resistance to
a bug with which they are not used
to lining. T. B. Charles

Mr. Larsen feeding some
of his range birds on B-B.

A truck load of B-B going into
Ivar Larsen’s feed house .

bB bB bb

Ivar Larsen, Carlisle, Mass., has been in the poultry business 20 years,
starts 7,000 birds each spring and houses 3,000 layers each fall. "Any
poultryman can be sure he is operating along
proved and practical lines when he follows the
B-B Complete Poultry Feeding Program," says
Mr. Larsen. "B-B Feeds meet my requirements
100%. Again this year, I am depending on B-B
to grow 7,000 birds and am confident that B-B
will do a completely satisfactory job."

We suggest you ask us or your B-B dealer for a
free copy of the B-B Complete Poultry Feeding
Program and follow its proved and practical rec¬
ommendations.

Maritime Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

VtTAMIZED

rowTinco coo uvot
9*110 CMCISC WHI T AMO
9*1(0 •UTTCHMItK

g . vH^-.

Bb Bb Bb Bb Bb
®B bB BB bB BB

FEED 4 BB WAY

WOLF "FARMERS' FRIEND CHICKS

_ _

Now you can get WOLF "Farmers’ Friend" Chicks at new low prices.
They're from A. P. A. Registered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for
large egg production.

liiSs Order with confidence from this ad, or send for FREE GUIDEBOOK,

Only $1.00 books your order, balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

"A” "AA" •AAA"
Mating Mating Mating

S. C. White Leghorns . $6.00 $7.00 $8.00

Leghorn Pullets . 12.00 14.00 16.00

Leghorn Cockerels . 1.95 2.95 3.95

_ \V. and Barred Rocks, R.I Reds, and W. Wyandottes 6.50 7.50 8.50

t.’SOGHT W. and BI. Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, W. Australorp 6.50 7.50 8.50

White and Black Giants . 7.50 8.50 9.50

Assorted Heavies . 5.95 6.50

Odds - ends . 5.45 6.00

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less than 100 add 50e to the price.

WOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, GIBSONBURG, OHIO

IIINIATA I miARNQ 0ur 27th year of breeJinS for larger and better LEGHORNS. We keep
UUnlH I H Ltununno from 4 000 t0 8,000 birds on our {arm All are of T0M BARRON strain,
weighing up to 614 lbs. All breeders are Bloodtested and are from 2 to 6 years old. Visitors always welcome.
Write for photos of farm, they are free. Chick prices low as $6.50 per 100; Pullets $13; Cockerels $2.00.

JUNIATA POULTRY FARM Bo* R RICHFIELD, PA.

REDUCED^-— 'PRICES

SWINE (HICKS

SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

, St PULLETS

_| ELMER H- WEHEl

U. S. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Sold on CREDIT
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.

COLONIAL CUTS PRICES

COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS, Marion, Ohio

rtOFIT-MED FROM PROVEN STRAIN^

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS. CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar. to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sale Now ! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Catalan A Prices. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fingar, Owner A Manager.

BOX H, HUDSON. NEW YORK

BR00KSI9E

~r:

HANSON STRAIN

LEGHORNS

BABY PLTLLETS — 2 to 12 weeks
old Pullets. Also N. Hampshires.
B. & W. Rocks, Sexed or un-
sexed. Day old or Started. Com¬
plete price list and booklet FREE

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

360

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 363.

Help Wanted

SINGLE DAIRY farmer for responsible
position. $50 per month and board to start.
ADVERTISER 1823, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN WITH general farm experi¬
ence, qualified to take charge of large,
modern farm, including over 3,000 layers,
purebred Guernseys, purebred Percherons.
Must be intelligent, hard-working, system¬
atic and clean. Good home with all con¬
veniences. Excellent opportunity with future.
Apply by letter only. Enclose photograph.
JACK YELLEN FARM, Springville, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced bee man for about
six months work. State age, experience
and wages wanted. Board and room
furnished. JOHN KNESER, Hales Corners,
Wisconsin.

WANTED — Middleaged woman, Protestant.

Permanent position; cooking and house¬
work on farm on Long Island. Adult family.
ADVERTISER 1825, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Handyman in small hotel. No
liquor, willing; $25 a month, room and
board. GLENWOOD HOUSE, Cornwall. N. Y.

WANTED — Single unencumbered house-
worker; small household, assist two
children. Farm home, $40 month. BOX 232,
Salisbury, Conn.

WANTED COUPLE, man for gardening,
milk cow, and generally handy; woman
for general housework. Excellent living
quarters, good salary, must have references.
Permanent position, in Succasunna, N. J.
Address reply to KANE, 115 Patterson St.,
Harrison, N. J.

MIDDLEAGED MAN wanted, 51 acre farm;

$18 month, good room, board. Work with
owner together to make work pleasant.
10 miles from Allentown. AZEMAR, Route <
11, Breinigsville, Pa.

WANTED — Married men and single men to
work on modern dairy farm; must be
good dry-hand milkers. Apply or write
immediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM,
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — Reliable dry-hand milker, single.

No liquor; $50 month, room and board.
BOX 21, Commack, Long Island.

WANTED a salesman: To the man that
can produce reasonable sales first month,
we will give territory, permanent employ¬
ment, salary and commission. Must prove
his claim to be a salesman by production.
Full line of poultry and dairy feed. Loca¬
tions in Pennsylvania and New York.
VERITY MILLS, Inc., 345 Babcock St.,
Buffalo, N. Y.

COUPLE FOR entire work, country place
near New York. White. Cook-houseworker,
handyman, gardening, no driving. Wages
$90. Write for appointment giving all de¬
tails. WILLIAMS, P. O. Box 86, Saugatuck,
Connecticut.

COUPLE — Woman to cook for one or more
hired men; man to work with poultry.
Home provided; state salary. STROEHLEIN
BROTHERS, Montville, N. J. Caldwell
6-0456.

COUPLE, HONEST, dependable, for family
of three adults. Woman to do cooking,
general housework; man for gardening,
handyman. Splendid home for right couple;
wages $75 monthly to start. Write BOX 127,
Larchmont, N. Y.

WANTED COUPLE, no children. Woman,
cooking, light housework, no laundry.
Man, gardening, lawns, automobiles, gener¬
ally useful; references. Year round position.
$75 a month. ADVERTISER 1835, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMHAND EXPERIENCED, give age, milk
two cows, good teamster in woods. $25
month, room, board, steady. GREEN
GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

HOUSEWORKER WITH responsible family.

pleasant surroundings. New York vicinity.
Write, giving full particulars. MRS.
GREENSTONE, 201 Fairmount Avenue,
Hackensack, N. J.

HERDSMAN EXPERIENCED and 1 or 2
good hand-milkers wanted. Permanent
position. State wages, age and experience
m first letter. ADVERTISER 1842, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORK, SOME cooking; children 3
and 11; $35 month. PEASBACK, Madison,
Connecticut.

MIDDLEAGED MAN, steady job, helping
with family, garden, lawn, some poultry.
State particulars. ADVERTISER 1844, care
Rural New-Yorker.

REGISTERED NURSE in small sanitarium
for day duty, steady position, easy work.
ft65 per month with maintenance. Write
stating age to FAIR VIEW SANITARIUM,
22 South Paramus Rd., Areola, N. J., or
telephone Hackensack 2-5523.

HERDSMAN — Small growing herd, regis¬
tered Holsteins, located N. E. Pennsyl¬
vania. Must be familiar with best modern
dairy practices and willing to do general
farm work. This is a permanent position
with good living conditions and chance for
advancement for reliable man. Give com¬
plete information including wages. AD¬
VERTISER 1862, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A couple who want to go places.

Man must understand chickens and calves;
wife good cook. Most attractive spot in
Dutchess County; electricity, private bath,
fully equipped farm. When profits come
you get yours. ADVERTISER 1845, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, care of chickens, garden.

GEORGE S. BOYD, R. F. D. 1, West
Norwalk Ave., Darien, Conn.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, young Protes¬
tant woman, cooking and downstairs
housework. Nice home, own room, school
age children. Must be clean and reliable;
$35 month. Give age. Only those within dis¬
tance for personal interview need apply.
BOX 151, Catskill, N. Y.

(WANTED — Single man, general farm work;
good teamster and tractor driver; no
liquor. $50 per month. ADVERTISER 1846,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WOMAN FOR housework in motherless
home; to live in. CHARLES CONNOLLY,
12 Brighton Ave., Bloomfield, N. J. (Near
Newark).

COMPETENT GENERAL houseworker, cook;

good salary, own room; three children.
MRS. DONAHUE, 237 Orchard Place,
Ridgewood, N. J.

SINGLE, DEPENDABLE, sober teamster
and milker, on small dairy farm; $40
monthly. Permanent position. HAROLD
DRURY, Athol, Mass.

HOUSEKEEPER WANTED, Protestant; in
a mans’ farm home; no bad habits. ROY
GRAY, R. D. 2. Bath, N. Y.

WANTED AT once, able farmer-herdsman;
■> married. Purebred Holsteins. $85 month,
house, privileges. Give experience, all de¬
tails, references first letter. C. J. JONES,
Washington Crossing, Pa.

WANTED — Girl not over 40, general house¬
work; $40 month. RUTH H. KRUGER,
379 Webster Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y.

MAN FOR general work around house and
garden, private family; must have
chauffeur’s license; state age. $25 per month
with room and board; good home. ADVER¬
TISER 1854, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN for general work on small
' farm. Salary $75 month, cottage and other
items supplied. R. E. NUESE, West Corn¬
wall, Connecticut.

WOMAN, WHITE, general housework, no
cooking, laundry; permanent home. Own
room. Two adults, 2 children; experience
necessary. Write DR. POMERANTZ, 57
South Main St., Spring Valley, N. Y.

YOUNG MAN for country slaughter house
in Orange County. ADVERTISER 1859,
care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, fond of
children. Christian, intelligent, refined.
State experience if any. MRS. W. H. VAN
BENSCHOTEN, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.

WANTED — Steady farm hand; tractor, milk¬
ing machine. $35 and board. F. E.
WILLIAMS, LaFargeville, N. Y.

WANTED — Two white men between 35-50,
to work in riding stable. Sober; $35 a
month, room and board. W. L. WINCKLER,
R. D. 1, Westfield, N. J.

MAN ON dairy farm, $65 per month, house
and privileges. Willing to board help $30
per month. BOX 82, New Scotland, Albany
County, New York.

A SINGLE man or married couple with¬
out children to help with a modern
Guernsey dairy farm. Good dry-hand milk¬
ing and references desired. Quiet, pleasant
surroundings and best of wages for well
qualified parties. PHILIP W. SMITH,
Wayside Farm, New Hope, Penna.

FARM HAND wanted, BOX 25, Lookout, Pa.

GIRL — General housework and cooking,
modern farmhouse near Middletown,
N. Y. Country girl preferred; family, two
adults. Excellent home. Salary to start $25.
State experience and references. ADVER¬
TISER 1882, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN wanted as helper on com¬
mercial poultry farm; Westchester County.
Mention age, weight, height, references and
wages. Interview required. ADVERTISER
1863, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FARMER and wife for 10 acre
farm home. $25 per month and keep.
Good home and year round position. AD¬
VERTISER 1865, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Woman for small farm, care
for home of business couple, milk 3 goats
and care for small garden. $20 per month
and keep. ADVERTISER 1866, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MAID — Adults, no cooking, good home;

$35 month. GLUCK, Berkley Ave.,
Westwood, N. J.

WANTED — Man experienced poultry, man
teamster; both do general farm work;
estate. $50 month, board, room. Man married
$80 month; some knowledge gardening,
driving license. Wife board three men;
house, light, fuel furnished. $30 month,
board per man. References, age. BOX 85,
Morristown, N. J.

MAID FOR cooking, general housework:

no children. Modern conveniences. Salary
$40 month; references desired. MRS. A. J.
MILLER, Ramapo, N. Y.

WANTED — Single experienced young man,
good milker, on private estate; $50 a
month, room and board. SOMMER, Box
162, Ambler, Penna.

HOUSEWORKER — Sleep - in, dependable,
clean; general housework. New York City
apartment, four rooms, one child; references.
$35. ADVERTISER 1871, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MARRIED MAN for retail milk route.
» Personality and ability to sell; references.
ADVERTISER 1872, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN to work in dairy, bottling,
pasteurizing, etc. Must be active and not
afraid to work. ADVERTISER 1873, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN for barn work. Must be
good milker and cow man and familiar
with machines. ADVERTISER 1874, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HONEST, TRUSTWORTHY, single reliable
man on dairy and poultry farm. Must be
willing worker and must cooperate and
not drink. State age. References. ADVER¬
TISER 1816, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FOR small farm, middleaged man
or strong boy, good character, no cigar¬
ettes. Apply ADVERTISER 1876, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Tenant for partially equipped
farm, 100 acres in Catskill Mountains.
Use of farm and 2 room bungalow in ex¬
change for keeping place tidy. Fine spring,
no conveniences; 4 miles from main road.
ADVERTISER 1875, care Rural New-Yorker,

WANTED — Experienced reliable white girl,
25-40; to cook and do downstairs work.
Must like children. Outskirts Albany, on
bus line. $50. References required. Give
full particulars first letter. MRS. HARRY
BATTIN, Jr., Loudonville, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTED, to help on egg farm.

Man on farm; woman in house. Bible
Sabbath kept instead of Roman Sunday.
Man must drive car. E. BASSFORD

HAWKINS, Lake Ronkonkoma, L. I., N. Y.

WANTED — Woman to do pastry and help
head cook in Summer hotel in Adiron-
dacks. Write THE CLIFF HOUSE, Eagle
Bay, N. Y. Give references.

SINGLE, EXPERIENCED barn man for
modern dairy. SPRUCE RUN FARM,
Clinton, N. J.

COUPLE — Man must be good dry-hand
milker, experienced in general farm work.
Woman to keep house for family of 3 adults.
Permanent position. Conveniences. Location
100 miles west of New York City. Give full
particulars, wages first letter. ADVERTISER
1879, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER. good country
home, 50 miles from New York. Three in
family; cooking, laundry; $35. Permanent
home with all modern equipment, own
room and bath. ADVERTISER 1880, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Experienced poultryman; woman
cook and general housework. Year round
position. Location New Jersey. References.
ADVERTISER 1885, care Rural New-Yorker.

MATURE OR middleaged woman in good
health for light housework and assist in
care two small children. Wages reasonable.
Pleasant living conditions, modern home in
country. MRS. MARION HARPER, Pendella
Farms, Newtown, Bucks County, Penna.

MAN WANTED, poultry and dairy farm;

must be good milker. $40 month and
board. JOHN RONNER, Red Hook. N. Y.

MAN WANTED, to work on a dairy farm
(Long Island). Must be a good milker
and general farmer. State age, weight,
height and experience. Wages $50, room,
board. ADVERTISER 1881, care Rural New-
Yorker.

EXPERIENCED FARMER, middleaged: small
farm, no dairy. $20 month and board. 62
Farrelly St. Kingston, N. Y.

Situations Wanted

AMERICAN. 25, thoroughly experienced-
drive horses, tractor. No liquor. $50 per
month. ADVERTISER 1800, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SUPT-MANAGER. full charge on private
place or commercial farm, college trained
experienced in poultry, dairy cattle, milk
plant; especially interested in dairy cattle
improvement. No liquor or tobacco; reliable.
BOX 130, R. F. D. No. 1, Moravia, N. Y.

WORK AS gardener, lawns, any work; ex¬
perienced. Vermonter, 37. ADVERTISER
1806, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED IN Adirondack Mt. section, care¬
taking or permanent work by couple hav¬
ing farming experience; excellent refer¬
ence. THEO. BRIGGS, Norwich, N. Y.

REFINED LADY desires position as house¬
keeper in elderly home, village or estate.
KAY LOSEN, P. O. Box 84, Scarsdale, N. Y.

MAN 40, single, wishes position as care¬
taker, helper on poultry farm, riding
school, camps; as handyman. Good home to
high wages. ADVERTISER 1810, care Rural
New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL graduate desires
position, dairy farm; experienced. W.
MILLER, 6503 Fresh Pond Rd., Ridgewood,
Long Island.

WANTED — Position as chauffeur and care¬
taker; single. 36. Good references. AD¬
VERTISER 1811, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL, PAST 18, Swiss descent wishes po¬
sition; childs’ nurse experience. Cheerful,
willing, honest, loves children; in exchange
for good job and decent wages. MARTHA
HUBER, Nornsville, Pa.

BOY 17, wishes Summer employment in
kennel or small farm. ADVERTISER 1818,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN EXPERIENCED with poultry and
game birds, desires opportunity where he
might work into business of his own, with
employer who wants honest, steady worker
rather than speedy one. Address replies:
PUBLIC STENOGRAPHER, Hotel Seneca,
Rochester, N. Y.

BOY, 15, wants vacation work; dairy farm-
within 100 miles New York City. No
salary. ADVERTISER 1826, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED, SWEDISH, respectable,
middleaged couple wish position. Farmer,
teamster, drive. Wife board men. ADVER¬
TISER 1827, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, 26, experienced general farming, re¬
pairs, care of lawns, gardens on estate.
Clean, dependable, no bad habits. Licensed
driver. ADVERTISER 1829, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED TRAINED nurse, companion,
drives; go anywhere. Take full charge
retarded or handicapped child, aged couple,
chronic patient. References exchanged.
Helpful, no servant. ADVERTISER 1832,
cax-e Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED TEACHER with best of
references wants rural position. ADVER¬
TISER 1833, care Rural New-Yorker.

LICENSED CHAUFFEUR, married, 31, two
children, wishes position as chauffeur or
caretaker on small estate. Some experience
as plumber’s helper and general utility man.
Good, steady, sober, reliable worker; best
character and business references available
if interested. ADVERTISER 1836, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED AMERICAN, single, ex¬
perienced, wants work on dairy farm:
good milker, sober. Would prefer stripping
after milking machine. Can run milking
machine. Would like private room. ADVER¬
TISER 1884, care Rural New-Yorker.

May 31. 1941

BOY, 15, fatherless, desires farm work;

keep and moderate salary; July, August.
ADVERTISER 1837, care Rural New-Yorker.

CAPABLE, TRUSTWORTHY, American
woman would like housekeeping position.
Experienced cook, fond of country. Refer¬
ences, interview. ADVERTISER 1838, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER, CARETAKER, middleaged and
married; 25 years experience on private
estates. J. L„ Box 49, R. 1, Briarcliff, N. Y.

EDUCATED WOMAN, son 10; permanent:

care children; home or institution. Par¬
ticulars. ADVERTISER 1840, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOLLANDER, SINGLE, 36, refugee, speaks
English, wants position on farm. Can
milk, understands farm work. State wages
with board. ADVERTISER 1843, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SUPT-MANAGER full charge on private
place where conscientious man desired;
married, over 25 years experience all
branches, garden, crops, horses, cattle, live¬
stock, machinery; sober character, compe¬
tent, trustworthy; excellent references,
previous position satisfactory ten years. AD¬
VERTISER 1848, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED LADY, Protestant, middleaged,
educated, respectable; wishes a position
as housekeeper, to take care of widowers’
home. Honest, trustworthy, reliable, A-l
references exchanged, P. O. BOX 694, New
Canaan, Conn.

COUPLE WISH position, cook, serve, house-
worker, gardener, lawn, repairs, general
handy. ADVERTISER 1850, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE. PRIVATE or public institution,
14 years administrative capacity. Man, 39,
farmer; wife, 37, registered nurse, now
supervisor large mental hospital. No farm
hand or cook jobs. ADVERTISER 1851,
care Rural New-Yorker.

AMERICAN MAN, experienced caretaker,
lawns, flowers, vegetable garden, driver’s
position; experienced painting, repairing,
etc. Conscientious, reliable, no liquor; $25
month, maintenance. State ' full details.
ADVERTISER 1853, care Rural New-Yorker.

TRUSTWORTHY, MIDDLEAGED woman,
capable of taking charge wants position
in tourist home, cabins, any Summer work.
State wages. ADVERTISER 1857, care
Rural New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, 16, Jewish,
desires position on farm; some experience.
ADVERTISER 1858, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENTLEMAN, SINGLE, Protestant, will do
light, part-time work in return for good
room and board; state particulars. AD¬
VERTISER 1860, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER AND son, age 17, desires
work on Long Island or near New York
in Protestant, small family; no children.
Boy $8 week, housekeeper $5 week.
CLARA FIELD, Washington, N. J.

HOUSEKEEPER, MIDDLEAGED, refined,
neat; for man alone or motherless home’
plain cooking. References. ADVERTISER
1849, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN EXPERIENCED, single
middleaged, wishes position as caretaker;
go anywhere. State wages. ADVERTISER
1867, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED VERMONTER desires position-
experienced in general farming. Refer¬
ences. One child, age 7 months. Write full
particulars. HOWARD McADAM, Glenham,
New York.

POULTRY MANAGER,

trained; experienced all
TISER 1868, care Rural

married, college
phases. ADVER-
New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, AMERICAN, good cook.

reliable, references; good home in country
with daughter 2 preferred to high wages.
ADVERTISER 1869, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MARRIED experienced dairy
farmer, desires position. State particulars
wages. ADVERTISER 1886, care Rural
New-Yorker.

. _ v cotaiC) 1 1 1 d 1 -

ned, years experience gardens, crops,
horses, cattle, general management; sober,
trustworthy, competent, excellent references.
ADVERTISER 1877, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING GARDENER, farmer; married.

no family; thoroughly qualified up-keep
lawns, flower gardens, greenhouses, vege¬
tables, trees, shrubs, thoroughbred stock
and the growing of all farrrT crops. I offer
myself as a thorough experienced man,
neat, cheerful worker; A-l references as
to character and ability. J. R. JACKSON
Loomis, N. Y.

’ muE.nn.nH iaay, aesires
housekeepers position. Motherless or
kusiness home preferred. Any State. Care
BANNER, Smithville Flats, N. Y.

LADY, 50 years, decent, healthy, first class

references, wants place in the country as
cook, caretaker or housekeeper; not afraid
to be alone. Asks permission to keep her
dog and cat. MARGUERITE SCHLADITZ,
R. F. D. No. 1, Wappingers Falls, N. Y.

Fruits and Foods

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer
New York.

HONEY CLOVER raspberry blend, delicious-
5 lbs. 85c postpaid, 60 lbs. $6. Fall flowers
Spanish Needle, 60 lbs. $4.20. JOSEPH
FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

BEST BUCKWHEAT honey, 60 lbs. $3 60-
freight paid to 500 miles. NELSON’S
APIARIES, 9012 So. Military Rd., Niagara
Falls, New York.

FINE HONEY, glass jars, 8 oz. to 3 lb

and 5 lb. glass pails and tins. 2V2 lb. tins.
60 lb. can liquid clover mixed $3.80, best
clover $4.80. 10 lb. pail delivered, $1.75,

buckwheat $1.40. RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa,
New York.

Continued on Page 361

<Ih< RURAL NEW-YORKER

361

Milk Research Council

One of my friends from the city
has asked me about Milk Research
Council, Inc. and Edward Fisher
Brown. He says that they find the
Council and Mr. Brown get a lot of
publicity in the New York City
papers and seem to be representing
the milk dealer’s point of view. He
tells me Mr. Brown was particularly
active last year in opposition to
Mayor LaGuardia’s program to
abolish grades of milk. The concern
also seems to be active in agitating
for pasteurization.

Unfortunately, I do not know any¬
thing about these people but would
like to give my friend some infor¬
mation. Can you help me? w. f.

New York

Milk Research Council, Inc. is a
non-profit membership corporation
with offices at 22 East 40th Street,
New York City. The letterhead of
Milk Research Council, Inc. lists the
following officers: Benjamin S.
Halsey, Chairman of the Board,
vice-president of Sheffield Farms
Co. Inc.; John F. Watson, president,
vice-president of Borden’s Farm
Products Division; George R. Fitts,
vice-president, executive assistant of
Dairymen’s League Co-operative
Association, Inc.; Howard S. Van
Bomel, treasurer, vice-president of
Sheffield Farms Co., Inc. Directors
are: Fred H. Sexauer, president of
Dairymen’s League Co-operative
Association, Inc.; J. O. Eastlack,
vice-president of Borden’s Farm
Products Division; William J.
McKay, president of Waddington
Milk Co. Inc.; L. A. Van Bomel,
president of National Dairy Products
Corporation; Henry Renken, presi¬
dent of M. H. Renken Dairy Co.;
A. H. Rubenfeld, president of Dell-
wood Dairy Co. Inc.; Paul R.
Scheerer, president of Newark Milk
and Cream Co.; Francis R. Elliott,
general manager of sales of Borden’s
Farm Products Division. Other
names on the letterhead include
William H. Marcussen, president of
Borden’s Farm Products Division;
C. E. Cuddeback, vice-president of
Sheffield Farms Co. Inc.; H. M.
Smith, president of Eastern Milk
Producers Cooperative Association,
Inc.; Homer H. Jones of Eastern
Milk Producers Co-operative Asso¬
ciation, Inc. George W. Alger is
listed as counsel and Edward Fisher
Brown as executive vice-president.

Milk Research Council, Inc. func¬
tions as an advertising and promo¬
tional agency for its sponsors, who
are the larger milk dealers in New
York City such as Borden, Sheffield
Farms and the Dairymen’s League.
The Council operates on a yearly
budget of $190,000 to $200,000, the
funds being obtained by levies on
the members of the Council, propor¬
tioned to the amount of their
business in the metropolitan area.

4-H In Orange County

Orange County 4-H Clubs entered
the new year with a membership of
804 boys and girls in 77 clubsl 404
members are enrolled in agriculture
and 400 members in homemaking
units. The chief objectives of this
year are, larger membership, to
further advance the teaching of
agriculture and homemaking, and to
develop citizenship.

The Central 4-H Club of Washing-
tonville, N. Y. won the annual
Orange County Drama Festival con¬
test, sponsored by the 4-H County
Council. At Maybrook, N. Y. a
Junior High Agriculture 4-H Club
was organized April 23, with Miss
Rose McCormick, eighth grade teach¬

er, as leader. Mabel Tremper who I
won the National 4-H dressmaking
contest in Chicago a few months ago,
was elected president of the Colden-
ham Senior 4-H Girls, who reorgan¬
ized recently under the leadership
of Mrs. Jane M. Allen.

Members of Orange County 4-H
Clubs organized a County 4-H band
in Goshen Central School on April
2. Howard Cobb, Orange County
Soil Conservation Agent, who gained
experience with the Chenango
County 4-H band and the Cornell
University band, is director
and band leader. Band members are:
Ralph Smiley, Newburgh; James
Burnett, Montgomery; Dorothy
Green, Rock Tavern; Richard Budd
and John Mahoney of Middletown;
Jane Clayton, Marjorie Vavricka,
Jean Barnes and Irene McMahon
all of Goshen, N. Y.

The Hamptonburgh Happy Work¬
ers 4-H Boys Club recently gave a
citizenship and correst use of the
American flag demonstration at the
Washingtonville Grange during the
lecturer’s hour.

Nial and Robert Clauson, 4-H Club
members of Middletown, leceived
the 1940 annual award of the H. S.
Duncan Memorial Fund for an out¬
standing example of better market¬
ing of New York State farm products.
The award included a $100 check.

New York s. l. b.

Judges for Springfield Ex¬
position

Livestock judges for the Eastern
States Exposition, Springfield, Mass.,
September 14-20 will be: Paul B.
Misner, of Catonsville, Md.; George
LaFever, of Eatontown, N. J.; Dr.
E. S. Harrison, of Ithaca, N. Y.;
Clarence Sheridan, Fond du Lac,
Wis.; Prof. L. V. Tirrell, Amherst,
Mass.; and Prof. H. L. Garrigus,
Storrs, Conn.

Mr. Misner will pass on the Hol¬
stein class. He has judged all the
major livestock shows in the country
including the National Dairy Show
and the Dairy Cattle Congress at
Waterloo, Iowa, and this will be his
third year as a judge at Springfield.

Mr. LaFever was the choice of the
American Jersey Cattle Club and
breeders to judge the Jerseys entered
in Exposition. He is the manager of
the Dorbrook Farm in Eatontown,
N. J.

Prof. Harrison who has been a
prominent judge of Ayrshire cattle,
is in charge of the dairy herds at
the New York State College of
Agriculture. He has developed a
number of exceptionally strong show
animals there, particularly Holsteins,
which have won championships and
all-American honors.

Mr. Sheridan, who will judge the
Guernsey classes, is manager of the
Corium Farm in Fond du Lac, Wis.
Appearing in the ring with him as
an observer in this breed judging
will be Prof. L. V. Tirrell, shortly to
become head of the animal husband¬
ry department of the University of
New Hampshire at Durham. Prof.
Tirrell, who has previously judged
Devon and Milking Shorthorn cattle,
will rate the latter classes at the
Springfield show this year.

Prof. Garrigus, head of the animal
husbandry department at the Uni¬
versity of Connecticut, has for
several years past judged the Brown
Swiss cattle at the Exposition, as
well as Milking Shorthorns and
Devons, and is on the list of judges
for the Percheron Association of
America. He has also judged sheep
and hogs at the International Live¬
stock Show at Chicago.

Photo — Herman Foster, Bantam, Conn.

These fine animals head the herds in the Fairfield, New Haven Breeding
Association at Cedar Knoll Farms, Southbxiry, Conn. Left: Clove Valley
Alexander, 715532, seven year old Holstem bull, weight 25,000 lbs. Right:

Fourvic, Jersey bull.

IS BOTH/

Surge is the one Hi-Line Fencer
that can start with the Safe and
Approved shock of 25milliamperes
and maintain that shock under
increased voltages to meet any
soil and weather condition. Only
the Surge has the Three-in-One
Transformer that makes this pos-
' sible . . . and a Selector Switch
that allows you to increase the
voltage without decreasing shock.

Model A — Approved by the
Industrial Commission of the
State of Wisconsin . . . thus
meeting the most rigid require-
_ ments in America !

Only the Surge has the Mercury
Switch that just can’t possibly
stop in the “on” position. In short.
Surge is the only Hi-Line Fencer
that can meet the most exacting
requirements (such as those of
the Wisconsin Code) and still put
out the stock-stopping sting that
makes an electric fence truly sat¬
isfactory.

Certainly it costs more

but

it works!

And you want a fencer that works !
A fencer that doesn’t control your
stock and protect your fields is
just a nuisance. And the Surge
Fencer costs so little for what it
does! Isn’t it well worth an extra
penny a day to know that you

have a fencer that is entirely safe
and yet fully effective? We think
it is and that’s why we prefer to
build that kind of fencer. Mail
the coupon NOW for our Free
Fencer Book and Easy Terms!

SUM f

er r

BATTERY FENCER

Fool proof, tamper proof, weath¬
er proof — the Surge Timer Kit is
sealed in nitrogen under pressure ... no rust,
pitting or corrosion, because air and oxygen
just can’t get to it. Hang a Surge Bull Pup
Fencer on a post and know what it means to
have really trouble free battery fencing. Sold
on Easy Terms.

See Our 5 Models in NEW CATALOGUE!

Just Mail BABSON BROS. CO. of N. Y. |“.sIS;!?^cu,..n y.

rkrfcn 1 Please send me free your big Surge Fencer catalogue and Easy Monthly
§J%jn m Terms. I am interested in:

n SURGE HI-LINE FENCER □ SURGE BATTERY FENCER

Name . . .

Town . R. F. D . State . . . .

Subscribers’ Exchange

Continued from Page 360

Fruits and Foods

HONEY— Light amber clover, 60 lbs. $3.75;
120 lbs. $7. LAVERN DEPEW, Auburn. N.Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Most healthful sweet. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

HONEY: 60 best clover $4.50; 28, $2.25 not
prepaid. 10 postpaid $1.50. Satisfaction
guaranteed. F. W. LESSER, Fayetteville,
New York.

OLD FASHIONED butternut meats. 2 lbs.

$1.60; 5 lbs. $3.75 prepaid. R. L. HARMAN.
Dillsburg, Pa.

Country Board

DESIRE TO place healthy boy, age 17, fine
physique, pleasing personality. good
habits, of American-Jewish parentage on
farm within 150 miles of New York. Boy is
slightly backward mentally and loves farm
life; will pay for his board until he proves
useful. ADVERTISER 1856, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FURNISHED APARTMENT, three rooms
and bath. HELEN HYZER, Andes, N, Y.

HARVEY’S MOUNTAIN View, Rochester,
Vermont. Elevation 1,440. rooms, baths,
food, recreation, safe hills away from state
road; Route 100. Early reservations; single,
double, triple rooms. Screened porches,
furnace heat. Select clientele.

WANTED — Two children to board; milk,
eggs, bathing, farm. IRMSCHER, Madison,
Connecticut.

COUPLE AND two children desire farm
board for week-ends; in Pocono Mountains.
ADVERTISER 1742, care Rural New-Yorker.

CONVALESCENTS — Conveniences, nurses’
care. KATHERINE STEFFENS, Cochecton,
New York.

RELIABLE WOMAN wants three rooms in
small village or farm near bus. ADVER¬
TISER 1821, care Rural New-Yorker.

SPEND YOUR vacation or weekends on
the farm with ELSIE and ERIC
AHLQUIST, Callicoon, N. Y.

KEYSTONE VALLEY farm, Wysox. Pa.;

modern, good eats, bathing; Christians.
$8 week.

RIVERSIDE FARMS, near mountains, river
swimming. Large modern home; $7 and
$9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

FARM BOARD wanted for month for wife,
daughter of six, and nurse; husband for
long weekends; adjacent New York. 7-C,
21 East 87th St., New York.

WANTED — Children to board by nurse,
any age; Protestant. ADVERTISER 1847,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Vacation spot four to six weeks
on farm for two English girls. 14 and 11.
Both acquainted with farm duties during
vacation period. Board paid. Prefer large
farm, mixed clientele, horse back riding
facilities if possible. Personal interview and
inspection desired. Write ADVERTISER 1883,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO board, on my farm, a healthy
child, about two years of age. Good food,
kind care. $5 weekly. Write BOX 105,
Walden, N. Y.

Miscellaneous

WANTED — Two-wheeled garden tractor
with equipment. ADVERTISER 1814, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Gravely or Standard five H.P.

garden tractor or other small tractor.
State year, condition, price. Write BOX
299, Camillus, N. Y.

FOR SALE, Hill butcher fixtures, complete
setup $100. Write for appointment. P. Y.,
1049 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.

PASTEURIZATION EQUIPMENT. Stainless
steel, 30 gallons, pasteurizer, cooler, bottl¬
ing machine, steam boiler, oil burner,
frigidaire, etc. Everything in perfect shape,
used few months only. WHITE GOAT
FARM, Stockbridge, Mass.

FOR SALE, Niagara Crop Duster, 6 nozzle,
horse drawn. LESTER DINGMAN, North
Syracuse, New York.

FOUR APRONS, four pot holders $1; em¬
broidered pillow cases 50c. Butterfly
and Scottie bedspreads $1.75. Five linen
tatting edge handkerchiefs $1; rugs $2.75.
MRS. ALBERT DOWNING, Topsham, Vt.

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cauca¬
sian queens. 75c each; very gentle and pro¬
ductive. HARRY CONNER, Stockton, N. J.

362

1ht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

May 31. 1941

REDBI RD

World’s Largest Breeding Farm

90,000 PULLORUM-TESTED BREEDERS
All Maintained on Our Own Farm

First Farm to Guarantee 98% Livability 1st
4 Weeks, on Champion, Grade-A, and Grade-B
Matings, and to maintain that Guarantee 12
years (now in its 13th year). Customers re¬
port 3-lb. Broilers at 10 weeks, and 50%
Production 24-oz. Eggs from 6-month Pullets.
RHODE ISLAND REDS, BARRED PLY¬
MOUTH ROCKS, WHITE LEGHORNS.
ROCK-RED CROSS (Barred Broilers) —
RED-ROCK CROSS (Sex Linked)
Sexing Service: Pullets or Cockerels to order,
all matings, warranted 95% accurate. Lowest
Prices in REDBIRD History. To Step Up
Your Production for Heavy Selling and
Handsome Profits.

WRITE TODAY for New Catalog, with
1941 Price List.

Redbird Farm Wrentham, Mass.

BROILER CHICKS

BREEDING

Ifyou want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard’s
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, feather early, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 1 2 WALPOLE. N. H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops In livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm— N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Meul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

’S

World’s greatest egg layers by official figures.
Won 15 contests, best Bed pen 31 contests,
1931-1940. Chicks, Eggs, males. Catalog.

e. b. parmenter;;^',^

— TWICHELL’S NEW HAMPSHIRES—

R.O.P. — Bred for Farm Flock Profits — egg and
meat qualities, less broodiness, etc. Pullorum
clean. Free Catalog tells full story. Write.

H. S. & M. E. Twichell, Bt.t, Box R, Exeter, N. H.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

CHICKS Parmenter Reds. Rock Red Cross. 1 to 4 year

old breeders. RED-W-FARM, WOLCOTT, N. Y.

ALGER GOLDEN HAMP*
and ROCK -HAMP CROSS

make superb BROILER CHICKS for sum-i
mer and fall profits — fast feathering, yel-S
low flesh, short legs and broad breasts. Our
own breeders, State tested. 98% livability guarantee.
Hatches weekly. Get Catalog, prices.

SANFORD E. ALGER. Jr. Box 3, BROCKTON, MASS.

Chamberlin

<• r I Vx * POULTRY FARMS j

I BARRED ROCKS

The Premier strain of
a great dual-purpose
breed. Heavy layers —
wonderful for meat.
Hardy chicks from
our 5.000 Vt. U. S.
Pullorum Clean Breeders. Sexed Baby Pullets

and Cockerels. CHAMBERUN POULTRY FARMS

R. F. D. 6, West Brattleboro, Vermont

MOTTLED ANCONA CHICKS

DR. ROMIG’S ' SVJV:,11 CHICKS

Bar. or Wh. Rocks, Wh. Leghorns $7; New Hamp. $7.50;
Red-Rock Cross $8; W. Giants $9: Lt. Brahmas $9.50;
H. M. $6; W. Leg. Pits. $13; W. L. Ckls. $1.50. 100%
live arrival Post Paid. Circular. DR. F. C. ROMIG,
Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses: Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Museovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTEN HOUSE, Rt. -2, Telford. Pa.

D„L„ rWLe 100% Maryland TJ.S. Approved Barred
Dally LUlLHb Rocks, New Hampshire Reds and White
Leghorns. A11 from State Culled and tube tested breed¬
ers. WEST DENTON HATCHERY, Denton, Maryland

TOXITE KILLS

Before you get your chicks, spray brooder houses with Tox-
Ite. Kills disease germs, Ooccidiosis. worms, red mites,
etc. Sold by dealers everywhere. Write for poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES. Box 66, Chestertown, Md.

Publisher’s Desk

Our Sunday School Class and
some outside friends formed a
Larkin Club of 30 members. Each
member of the club paid for at
least one order amounting to $5
and many paid for two and three.
The money has all been sent' in
and the class has received the bonus
or premium of $28 which it was to
get, but only a very few of the
members have received their goods.
The Larkin Company seems willing
to refund the money but the ladies
would like their products. The
company is very slow in sending
the articles. This club was formed
last September. Can anything be
done to hurry them up so that we
may receive our merchandise? It
seems very strange that a company
as reliable as the Larkin Company
is supposed to be should be so slow
in filling these orders. Many of the
club members have writtten to them
asking about the orders and one
member made a trip to Buffalo and
talked with the manager. They
make good promises but nothing
comes from them. m. b. g.

We wrote the Larkin Company
and in reply they say that there
has been some reorganization and
the Larkin Stores Corporation has
taken over the mail order business
of Larkin Company, Inc. and has
agreed to liquidate the merchandise
inventory of the old Larkin Company
for the benefit of the latter. They
further state that the company be¬
came financially involved and a
Creditors’ Committee has been
formed but that it is impossible to
state at this time what method will
be adopted to take care of the un¬
filled orders and outstanding claims
of secretaries and clubs. They ask
the cooperation of all creditors and
say it is believed a plan can be
worked out whereby stated pay¬
ments will be made to everyone over
a period of time and all claims paid
in full. They anticipate that a
definite plan will be worked out in
the near future. The Larkin Com¬
pany Is an old company and have
stood high in the esteem of the
public. There have, however, been
complaints similar to the above and
others that goods sent as premiums
were not satisfactory and the ensu¬
ing delay has been embarrassing not
to say a hardship to the club mem¬
bers. We regret that they have had
difficulties in the business and we
hope for the former standing of the
company that they will clear them
up and give the people who made
their business possible a square deal.

I’ve noticed several others write
you when they have a problem
to solve. I want to thank you
for doing what you did for me
for without your aid I know I would
not have received an adjustment
from the seed growers of Newark,
N. Y. A vine never grew and they
promised to replace it but I mailed
them a clipping from your paper
where some other purchaser had a
similar experience with them. They
sent me the replacements right away.
Thanks to The Rural New-Yorker.
I do not know how people could get
along without your paper especially
farmers. mrs. e. k.

New York

We do not want to pose as a terror
to wrong doers but we are gratified
to know that publicity is an aid to
our readers when dealing with
houses that are inclined to ignore
just complaints. Errors will creep
into any business but prompt correc¬
tion and keeping any promises they
make are assets that cannot be
measured for any business house.

I received a letter from the Ameri¬
can Land Bulletin of Baldwin, Wis.
William Hawley, publisher wanted
me to advertise my farm with them.
Can you tell me about them? Are
they reliable? I do want to sell my
farm. r. m. e.

New York

This is an advance fee proposition
and appears to be a scheme to get
easy money for registering property
for sale. We have referred to many
similar ones and we advise against
advance fees. A local paper or an
agency nearer home would be better
but in no case should the fee be paid
in advance. These fees and com¬
missions are due when the deal is
consummated and title passed.

I am planning to paint my home
and I may find that a better job
can be done if I hire day labor. In
such a case must I insure the man
or men with a blanket policy? I
am to furnish the materials and the
painter is to furnish the ladders,
brushes, and whatever other equip¬
ment he may need. What is my
position? s. h. c.

New York

The legal aspect of such employ¬
ment is covered under Article II,
Section 2 of the New York State
Employers’ Liability Law as follows:

“If an employer enters into a
contract written or verbal, with an
independent contractor to do part
of such employer’s work, or if such
contractor enters into a contract with
a subcontractor to do all or any part
of the work comprised in such con¬
tractors’ contract with the employer,
such contract or subcontract shall
not bar the liability of the employer
for the injuries to the employees of
such contractor or subcontractor,
caused by any defect in the con¬
dition of the ways, works, machinery,
or plant, if they are the property of
the employer or are furnished by
him, and if such defect arose, or
had not been discovered or remedied,
through the negligence of the em¬
ployer, or of some person intrusted
by him with the duty of seeing that
they were in proper condition.”

While the Workmen’s Compen¬
sation Law does not apply to em¬
ployment of less than four regular
employees, the employer in this
particular case would be liable in
case of injuries under the provisions
of the Employers’ Liability Law.
We would, therefore, recommend
insurance in this type of case.

I wrote to you in the early part
of March asking for information
about dispossessing a worthless
tenant to whom I had rented my
house. I want to thank you at this
time for your prompt reply and for
the information I received. It was
a great help to me. The Rural New-
Yorker is certainly worth the sub¬
scription price. I hope I will never
have to be without it. m. m.

New York

We can echo our friend’s hope
and it encourages us in our work
to know we have been of some
actual hdlp. That is what we are
here for and we will do our best
to merit the friendship and confi¬
dence of our readers.

I am glad to report to you that I
received my Bible in yesterday’s
mail. The Bible was of great value
to me and it has been rebound by
this company and they did a very
nice job on it. I am very much
pleased with it and also to get it
back. For a while I thought I was
out of a Bible plus $2.50. I wish to
thank you but words can’t express
my gratitude to you for this service
you have rendered to me. I like The
Rural New-Yorker as a farm paper.

New York j. M. w.

It is pleasing to have a hand in
getting a satisfactory adjustment.
Such success is the only reward we
ask but it is not always easy and
this matter had been hanging fire
longer than was reasonable.

One of our subscribers asks if any
of our readers know Charles C.
Marshall? He is about 68 years of
age and has not been seen or
heard of for 21 years. He was a
lawyer who worked in Wall Street
and is said to have married a
Miss Banto. His father is 95 years
old and his mother 87 and are very
anxious to hear from him. They
celebrated their seventieth wedding
in February and fear the son is
either dead or in an institution. He
used to write them every week but
letters ceased and they are asking
this help to get some information
about him. If any of our readers
know of this Mr. Marshall we would
be glad to have the information.

6th MONTH TRIUMPHS
NORTH • SOUTH • EAST • WEST

Highest PENS, All Breeds, at 4 Tests
Highest HENS. All Breeds, at 3 Tests
Highest Red PEN, 2-Year-Old Vineland Tests
Highest Red PEN, 4-Year-Old Class. Vineland Test
1st, 2nd & 3rd High Birds 2-Year Vineland Test
12 High-Scoring RED PENS (1st. 2nd &. 3rd Places)
Highest PENS R. I. Reds, at 5 Tests
4th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds
I0TH CONSECUTIVE STATE AWARD
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts awarded its
1941 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to WARREN,
making the 10th consecutive time.

Same Blood. Same Breeding. Same Results!
All WARREN RED and ROCK-RED -Cross
Chidks are of the same hlood in the Red line as
WARREN'S Contest Winners, but Prices are no
higher than those of many commercial hatcheries.
Write todjiy for Catalog and Summer Prices

J. J. WARREN

p a Box Z0’ North Brookfield, Mass.

Bonded Against B.W.D.

WHITSaOCK

2 chicks ..* 10. IOO

EGGS FOR tfZ per
HATCHING.../ flOO

I All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
■ State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-

I MAN’S ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth. Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
tm FREE circular.

JOSEPH

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

DEPT. F

TOLMAN

ROCKLAND

MASS. *

QUALITY CHICKS

100% live del. P. Paid Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.

Pullets 95% Accurate Guar. 100 100 100

Large Eng. S. C. Wh. Leghorns. .$5.50 $11.00 $2.00
B.& W.Rox, R.I. Reds, Box-Red Cr. 6.50 8.50 6.50

Special Bred N. H. Reds . 8.50 13.00 6.50

H. Mix, $5.50-100. All Breeders BLOOD TESTED.
Antigen method. McALISTERVILLE HATCHERY,
Edgar C. Leister, Owner, Box II, McAlisterville, Pa.

GRAYBILL’S S'A.cks

Electric Hatched from BLOOD-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-sex. Pits. Ckls.

Large Type Eng. or Han- 100 100 100

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHORNS. . .$5.50 $ 1 1.00 $2.00
N. H. BEDS (SPECIAL DIRECT) 9.00 13.00 6.50

Barred & White Rocks . 6.50 8.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed (SPECIAL) . 5.50 7.00 5.50

Sexing guar. 95% acc. YVe pay all postage & guar.
100% live del. 4 wk. old Leg. Pullets $23-100. Ship¬
ped Exp. Collect. Order direct for immediate ship¬
ment or write for FREE Photo Cir. & Prices. C. S.
Graybill Hatchery, Box R, Cocoiamus (Juniata Co.) P*.

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

All Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat Free
Shipments Mon. & Thurs.— Unsexed Pullets, Cockerels!
Will Ship C. O D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3 00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 950 7 00

Wh. Wyand., R. I. Beds, Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 LOO

New Hampshires. Rock-Bed Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7 00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th vnar
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R, Port Trevorton. P..

IEHMAN52>$7

CASH OR C. O. D. str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. Box, R. X. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 g.50 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery. Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

NACE’S QUALITY CHICKS

We pay postage. Safe delivery guaranteed.

Han. or Eng. Large Type loo 500 1000

Sex Leg. Pit s (95% guar.) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Wh. or Br. Leg. ... 6 00 30 00 60

H Reds 35.00 70

VI h. Wyand. & Buff Orps . 7.00 35.00 70

Leghorn Cockerels . 9 no 0 on is

Assorted or H. Mixed . 6.00 30 00 60

J’ree Range Flocks. Circular FREE
„ACE

SHIRK’S QUALITYCHICKS

PIDIFT? °?’,1Tr7nSteQ^reeder5’ Eleetric Hatched.

a uLUiro GUAR. 95% Unsex IPultii otri*

Will ship Cash of C.O.D. “00 ino C,kn'£’

Large Typo English Leghorns . $5.50 $11.00 $2°0O

|&-4k «1S til

Heavy MTed.re..KedS <SPeCial) ’ ’ ’ ’ ®’g®

Hatches Tues. & Thur. 100% ’ iiVe' del Prepaid Order

riltaib fri om Sli or "file for Free Cir. givin" full
details of our Quality Chicks. SHIRK’S HATCHERY
H. C. Shirk, Prop., Box 52, McAlisterville. Pa!

CHICKS r,?Mln5,“mp«cifls',„Barred Rocks. White

HECLA POULTRY FARM*,’ ^B-L^B e1! LF Fn M t tr1>ep^>'

To Subscribers :

Please report any change in your address
direct to us and not through your mail car-

Zt n»PTtmMtM' Rost Office Depart,

ment no longer permits delivery of mail in-

»™rsttwiiiddre+“?!4 r"d ma^azines and news-
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify

on tonrnR w v7 el3°Ljn the address label
on your R. K.-Ta. and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

CAN USE

FANCY EGOS

BEST PRICES PAID

BOVERS & ROSENBLUM
2298 12th Ave. New York City

are worth, more in Boston. Write for prices.

McARDLE POULTRY CO., 19 Fulton PI., Boston

Xjivo Poultry Vi/ anted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

■ WOOL

Highest Cash Prices Paid for Wool. |

We Pay Freight Charges. Ship to— I

SOKALNER BROS.. Trenton, N. J. 1

W/"'v f'V f WANTED. Montgomery Wonted
V-/ JLi Mill*, I no., Montgomery, N. Y.

STEADY WORK-GOOD PAY

Reliable man wanted to' oall on fanners. No experi¬
ence or capital required. Pleasant work. Home every
night. Big Money every day. Wonderful new
proposition. Particulars free. Write McNESS CO.,
Dept. 518, - Freeport, Illinois

• M en- W o m e u •

FREE OUTFIT makes you up to $48.00 in a week
taking orders without deposit. Earnings advanced.
Full or spare time. No experience.

HEATH NURSERIES, Dept 13, Manchester, Conn.

• OLIVE HOGSHEADS*

The only Hogsheads now obtainable, may cease arriving
from Europe at any time. Buy your supply now. I ship
from New York. Henry A. Thorndike, Newport, R. I.

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED “I

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Heckle Edge Prints, 25c.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N, Y.

PRINTING 2ft

Best for less. Price list free.

ITH” Elizabethtown, N. Y.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising In this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach os Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance oi date of issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

| Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc. |

FARMS IN Finger Lake country. Farm of
60 acres, 14 room house, hip-roof barn,
poultry houses, etc., buildings in good con¬
dition, 12 acres timber. School bus. Two
miles from village, Sheffield and League
plants. Price $1,200; terms. Farm 106 acres,
three miles from large village, milk plants,
school bus. 12 room house, large barns,
poultry house, other buildings, running
water, electricity available. Timber, two
trout streams. Price $1,800; terms. Farm
151 acres of level land on improved road.
Large house, barn 36x62 with L 24x32,
horse barn, poultry house, other buildings,
running water, orchard, woods. One of the
finest farms in Tompkins County. Price
$5,000; terms. HILL REALTY COMPANY,
Mrs. A. C. McIntosh, Representative,
Locke, N. Y.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

WANTED TO buy small farm without
stock on main road, with good water,
electricity; state price, location and con¬
dition. No agents. Write JOHN FANDEL,
789 East 158th St., Bronx, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 79 acre fruit and poultry farm,
Columbia County, New York. Two houses,
ideal location for convalescent home; im¬
provements. ADVERTISER 1744, care Rural
New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, with family,
would like to rent cottage on large farm
or estate within two hours drive of New
York. Financially responsible. ADVER¬
TISER 1746, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farms and country estates for
sale or exchange. Send particulars imme¬
diately. B. T. PLATANIA, 716 East 233rd
St., New York City.

FOR SALE, a farm of about 200 acres in
Putnam, New York, on the shore of
Lake Champlain. Large stone house and
numerous outbuildings. FRED WALKER,
Shoreham, Vt.

FARM FOR sale, 114 acres, good potato
land; town of Cuba, Allegany County;
4 >/2 miles from village of Friendship; 5 '/a
miles from village of Cuba; 14 mile from
state road on hard gravel road. Eight room
house and basement, hot and cold water;
recently reconstructed. School bus. Price
$3,000. Owner, W. N. RENWICK, Cuba, N. Y.

FOR SALE, good dairy or truck garden
farm on State Highway 30. Good buildings,
water, soil, 23 stock, team, electricity. AD¬
VERTISER 1802, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM OF 350 acres with tenant house on
state highway. School and passenger buses.
50 head cattle, 2 horses, milk route, all
new equipped, new stable, 2 new silos,
electricity and telephone. ADVERTISER 1803,
care Rural New-Yorker.

88 ACRE farm at Leeds, Maine; $2,000,
half down if sold at once. Electricity,
telephone, spring water, near lake, mile to
store and corn shop. Lewiston 18 miles,
Augusta 25 miles. Dressing for crops. Would
make good Summer home. ERNEST
PARSONS, Bridgton, Maine.

50 ACRES, state road, garage, cabin, lunch¬
room site. 40 acres tillage, about level,
building 12x16. Price $1,000; $150 cash. AD¬
VERTISER 1804, care Rural New-Yorker.

ALBERMARLE COUNTY, near Charlottes¬
ville in fruit belt, 68 acres on highway,

8 rooms, 2 baths, 6 outbuildings including
fruit packing shed and tenant house, 10
animal barn, 2 car garage, electricity, hot
water heat, 2,000 peach trees; $13,500. Write
DR. B. O. ATKINSON, Charlottesville, Va.

KARAKUL SHEEP ranch for sale, on ac¬
count of death of owner; the largest and
best selected flock of Karakuls in Canada. ■
Over 1,000 head of carefully selected breed- 1
ing ewes, 800 acres of excelllent prairie
land, most of which is growing luxuriant -
crops of tame grasses for hay and pasture, l
8 room house with all modern conveniences,
also tenant house and necessary outbuild- ]
ings. Property beautifully located on ‘
eastern slope of the foothills of the Rockies. .
Price $35,000. For further information, ad-
dress ALEX McWILLIAMS, High River,

TO RENT for season, 3 furnished rooms,
electricity, running water, convenient to
village; reasonable. MRS. M. F. CLARK,
Kinderhook, N. Y.

CONN. DAIRY farm on improved highway.

Alberta, Canada. j

excellent markets. 219 acres well balanced.
10-room 214-story Colonial house, 4 fire¬
places, piped water. 80-ft. barn, 25 tie-ups.
Young stock stable for 15 head, other build¬
ings. Low taxes. $8,000. Investigate long¬
term payment plan. FEDERAL LAND
BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FOR RENT, 60 acre farm outside of Wing- ;

dale, Dutchess County, New York; 8 room i
house, barn, water, electricity, brook. Ideal
for truck gardening, dairy, poultry raising, i
Overlooks miles of beautiful valley. Rent <
$35 a month. Write Box 187, Port Chester, (
New York.

SALE — 10 acres, 8 room house, improve¬
ments. THOS. LONG, Sayville, L. I.

- ■■ - J

FOR SALE, house and large lot (about %
acre ) in the suburbs of Stamford, N. Y. I

WANTED TO rent farm, preferably stocked,
in good condition, near village; option to
buy. Honest, sober party; good references.
Central New York location preferred. Write
ADVERTISER 1808, care Rural New-Yorker.

An ideal place to raise chickens. House
has all modern improvements, 3 bedrooms
and bath on second floor; large living room,
dining room, kitchen and sunparlor or den
on ground floor. Sacrifice for $2,000; will -*
accept as little as $800 down payment,
balance to suit purchaser. Write direct to *
owner and save. F. E. LINDSLEY, R. D. 4,
Binghamton, N. Y. <

COUNTRY HOME, large house, pleasant
rooms, modern improvements; garage,
barn, 14 acre. Near train and bus. Cheap.
ADVERTISER 1809, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO rent house, few acres, orchard. £
60 to 70 miles from New York; might •
buy later. ADVERTISER 1839, care Rural
New-Yorker. j

46 ACRE alfalfa farm for sale, good build¬
ings, electric lights, running water; state
road, school bus, village. For information
inquire P. P. POWERS, Oriskany Falls, N. Y.

VERMONT, INCOME poultry and dairy
farm with tools and five buildings; $6,500,
cash $2,000. ADVERTISER 1841, care Rural i
New-Yorker.

_ _____ 1

DAIRY FARM boarding house, 160 acres,

12 rooms, all improvements; 17 head stock,
tools; $9,500. VERMANN, Coxsackie, N. Y.

ORANGE COUNTY farm, real bargain, good

100 acres, 12 room house, beautifully
landscaped, 2 baths, electricity, telephone, *
steam heat, barns; $8,500. Cash payment. -
Rent-like basis arranged to suit buyer. 1
Owner ill. MEOLA & MEOLA, Middletown,

ORANGE COUNTY farms: dairy; poultry,
fruit. Boarding houses, stores, inns. Feel
secure. See us before you buy. “DOC”
BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Free list.

OVER 50 acres, eight acres wooded; elec¬
tricity available. Near church, school.
Post Office; Star Route passes door. BELLE
H. COOPER, Greenville Center, N. Y.

New York. 5

POULTRY FARM with retail route, reason- ,
able. Also country gas station; April J
sales 14,800 gallons, house, garage, land,

175 ACRE A-l farm, stock and tools; on
state road. Income nine to ten thousand
per year. Milk route, egg route; Hartford,
Norwich and New London markets. Protes¬
tants and Catholics preferred. ADVERTISER
1815, care Rural New-Yorker.

$3,000. GEORGE COLLESTER Springfield, ‘
Mass. J

FARM 316 acres, 65 acres meadow and J
pasture; running spring water in house;

Vt mile to village, macadam road. Bargain :
for quick disposal. JOHN GIBSON, Fishes

MONEY MAKING, Shenandoah Valley,
dairy, stock, Blue Grass, orchard and
poultry farms; Colonial estates and highway
business properties. W. H. BRUMBACK,
Woodstock, Va.

Eddy, N. Y.

BEAUTIFUL HOME for sale, a real bargain, ,
$20,000; property will sell for $6,000.
Reason for selling, called away on business.

P. O. BOX 246, Walton, N. Y.

MODERN POULTRY plant on Long Island,
seven room house, modern improvements.
Good going business. $5,500, half cash.
Bargain. KAZENWADEL, Islip Terrace, N. Y.

WANTED FARM, 30 acres, 6 room house,
good well, 800 ft. elevation. Dutchess,
Columbia County; must be cheap, all cash.
ADVERTISER 1852, care Rural New-Yorker.

THE CATO Hotel for sale, 12 bedrooms,
dance floor, three dining rooms, modern
taproom, year round license. Inquire THE
CATO HOTEL, Cato, N. Y.

WANTED FARM property, no stock, moun¬
tain section, within 125 miles of New
York; at least 10 rooms, improvements, good
water supply. State price and particulars. '
ADVERTISER 1861, care Rural New-Yorker. !

DELAWARE COUNTY, state road farm, 135
acres, river frontage; large house, elec¬
tricity, bath, spring water. Barn for 25 cows,
poultry house. ADVERTISER 1819, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SMALL CASH, beautiful home near Dart-
mouth College, BOX 35, East Thetford, Vt.

FOR SALE, 56 acre farm, Delaware County;

furnished 8 room house. Reasonable. AD-
VERTISER 1855, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, two acres of land, one acre
tillable, one woodland, all kinds of trees;
northern part of New Jersey, six miles from
Delaware Water Gap. Beautiful spot for
bungalow or house. Scenery of Blue Ridge
Mountains for 30 miles. Ten minutes walk

_ _

10 ACRES, 7 room house, barn, stream;

$600, terms. 55 acres, 7 room house, barn,
poultry houses, stream, 3 cows, team, ma¬
chinery; $1,900, cash $700. Others. STARK¬
WEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta, N. Y.

to ideal fishing, swimming, boating on
Paulins Kill. Good schools and churches one
mile from residence. Price $500. DELMONT
H. PRIMROSE, Minisink Hills, Pa..

$2,200; BALANCE easy terms, buys large
fertile dairy farm, complete buildings. Im¬
provements, river. Genuine reason makes
this bargain possible. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

FOR SALE by owner, 12 rooms, two baths,

extra toilet, steam heat, garage, two
acres; well located, village. Adapted one,
two or more families. Professional man.
Boarding house, other business. Write for

STATE ROAD, 8 acres, 8 rooms, barn,
garage, large hennery, electricity; $3,400;
terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill. N. Y.

details, well kept up. Price $8,750. AD¬
VERTISER 1824, care Rural New-Yorker.

CABIN AND bungalow, retired, pensioned
people. Shore HWY and Tidal River. Ask
details. BOX 25, New Gretna, N. J.

LIBRARIAN, WITH family, well-behaved

children, wants to rent small farm with
option to buy, or unfurnished cottage on
farm, within 60 miles of New York. Must
be reasonable. ADVERTISER 1822, care
Rural New-Yorker.

IDEAL POULTRY farm location, on Eastern
Shore Maryland. Four acres on improved
highway, !4 mile town, river. Splendid 5
room bungalow, basement, electric, tele-
phone, water, closed-in porches; double
garage. Price reduced for immediate sale
to $2,300. Terms and possession arranged.
Write for details and picture. C. E.
TURNER, Federalsburg, Md.

FOR SALE, Summer home, near northend
of Lake Otsego, N. Y. Fine location and
view, 15 minutes walk to town, Springfield
Center. VA acres, 600 Pine and Spruce
trees, lawn, fruit trees, berries asparagus,
flower, vegetable garden, brook. House has
four rooms, garage, cellar, fireplace, good
water, chicken house, kitchen stove, garden¬
ing tools included; warranted deed. Lowest
price $1,200. Come to see it. W. LUBENAU,
owner, Springfield Center, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 87 acre farm, good buildings,

307 acres, half woods, grain and dairy,
buildings good. B. BUTZ, Dover, Dela.

WANTED — Low priced farm, New York,
Connecticut. Rent, option to buy if suit¬
able. Fertile land, nice view, good neighbor¬
hood, convenient to bus or railroad, good
water supply. Give all details and direc¬
tions from New York. ADVERTISER 1864,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, state road country home, lights,
bath, 1*4 acre of land; reasonable. AD¬
VERTISER 1830, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, village property with old
established store business; Orange County,
on state road. Good opportunity. ADVER¬
TISER 1831, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, Chenango County poultry farm,
price reasonable. CLAIR GATES, South
New Berlin, New York.

FARM. 108 acres on improved road, lay of

FOR RENT, near North Branch, Sullivan
County, six room bungalow, improve¬
ments, furnished. Eggs, milk, vegetables
available; $125 season. ADVERTISER 1834,
care Rural New-Yorker.

land good, spring water, two barns,
cement floor, 20 patent stanchions, milk-
house, silo, two story house, bath electricity,
furnace; price $5,000. HILL REALTY COM¬
PANY, 2-6 Main St., Cortland, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 63 acre farm on heavy
travelled road, two family house, city
improvements, large barn, good price for
milk; 28 miles west of Boston. With cows
or without. Price of $12,000. M. E. HEWITT,

FOUR ACRES, 1 large basement barn, 10
room house, bath, furnace, electricity, 14
mile to thriving village on main state road;
price $3,800. HILL REALTY COMPANY,
2-6 Main St., Cortland, N. Y.

Marlboro, Mass.

FOR SALE, 30 acres, wooded; cut by Penn-
Reading Railroad from Atlantic City to
Philadelphia. BOX 202, Newfield, N. J.

FOR SALE, dairy and poultry farm, or
country estate, 200 acres. City conveni¬
ences, with or without stock and tools.
Cheap for quick sale; no trades. Write for
particulars. BOX 557, No. 1 Mill St.,
Greene, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 28 miles out, house, garage,
garden, hennery, retail egg route. Suit¬
able for retired person. BOX 84, Spring
Valley, New York.

FOR SALE, in village near State Park, 15
room house, two baths, all modern, ex¬
cellent condition, three ear garage,

shrubbery. A fine home; price $4,500.
Restaurant, roadstand attached, gas pumps,

FARM OR estate for .sale. New York, Sara¬
toga County; 390 acres, 15 room house,
redecorated, fireplaces; cost $30,000; life¬
time opportunity. Price $8,500. ADVER¬
TISER 1870, care Rural New-Yorker.

other buildings, three acres of land. In
village on main state highway. Paying
proposition. Price $6,500; terms. HILL

REALTY COMPANY, Mrs. A. C. McIntosh,
Representative, Locke, N. Y.

300 ACRE dairy farm, good buildings, lights,

40 head stock, milk route to creamery.
$9,700; $3,200 down, balance $500 a year.
No interest. Many others. BUNNELL
AGENCY, West St., Oneonta, N. Y.

acres $1,250; 230 acres with buildings,

low, 8 rooms, wide porch, garage, marvel-

WXL KJl l LUimctU, IClltlDlC ictXIIltil,

110 acre dairy and poultry farm just

t two room bungalow, garage; $8 month.

Help Wanted

** xiaj/ci leiiLCU, x I v ICO Idll La

Write, stating age, height, weight, experi-

uvxxxxxj xvxxxx*, xtilLCU XlXlXiVCi, geiltldl

farm worker; $35 monthly with raise if

- - r U5C J L/UJudVdi.

Single, $40 and board; married, $50 month

- - - ~ -wj. cn-ie uairy

farm with herd of 15 cows. Cottage and

7 w — * — **vxxxx, m rnv uii nationally

known breeding farm. Write or telephone.

Lrtccuocu engineer ana
fireman for creamery. Must be experienced

i x! “xxx • \ u men lor pasteurizing

and bottling plant. Must be experienced

iTvH CaHoy* rnp AT rn a tvsta T

“-pwxvuv.tu, xcii in idibeu man
on fruit and poultry farm. Kind treat-

Linea aairy, ia cows;
wages $45 and board; write age, reference.

Tu «T*i. nume, lamiiy ox

three. Wife general housework and good

• ~ — • * — — vx* Lauuuuwci Adi III ,

good wages, room and board. No milking.

*■***■*■“ ^ ’ 1 A A-lAV , oifldll Adi Ill. AU-

VERTISER 1812, care Rural New-Yorker.

- - - to xv-aaovxv- ilidii XU1 gciici dl

farm; good teamster, milker. No booze;

' - vx-xi o &L11C1 dl UUUSCWU1AC1,

must be good cook and serve well; small

x J v-dx o Vivl, tv V v UliV

on farm by the month. ALTON PIERSON,

WANTED — Couple about 40 years old for
general housework and part time on out¬
side. References necessary. Write advising
salary expected and experience. Also send

aya-taa'i wuiiv on snares on

dairy farm, or by month. MR. FRANK

- — — — ' " x luivoiaiu LUUpiC W I Li A

own car, for year round position doing
all work in country farm home near New
Milford, Connecticut. Man for lawn, garden,
cow, chickens and handy work. Woman
for cooking, waiting on table and house¬
work. Must be dependable, sober and
trustworthy as owners are in city much of
the time. Separate living quarters. Perma¬
nent place for the right people. ADVER¬
TISER 1813, care Rural New-Yorker.

4-H GIRL preferred for general housework.

Double bedroom and own bath, first floor
recreation room. Near movies and bus line.
High class neighborhood, new house, best
equipment. $10 weekly. Will consider two
girls to share work at $7.00 each. Write
LEWIS A. DAY, 184 Harding Dr„ South
Orange, N. J.

HANDYMAN, SINGLE, sober, 45-50; small
farm. Produce. Good home. ADVERTISER
1817, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Woman for general housework
on farm. SARAH OLSEN, Cochecton, N. Y.

WANTED — Housekeeper, small suburban
farm; one adult. ADVERTISER 1820, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Settled white girl or woman to
do housework, cooking and laundry for
family of three in small house 15 miles
north of Baltimore; convenient to Protes¬
tant or Catholic church. $10 per week.
References required. WM. P. NEILSON,
Cockeysville, Maryland.

MAN AND wife under 50, to become
cottage parents in boys’ cottage. State
experience and other qualifications. Apply
Dean of Boys, CHILDREN’S VILLAGE,
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 360.

News From

Dry weather and droughty con¬
ditions have greatly retarded the
growth of all early planted crops
in New Jersey but if seasonable
rains follow in the near future, this
condition will be overcome to a
large extent. However, this change
from extreme wet weather of the
previous month enabled farmers to
speed up their plowing and planting
operations during the latter part of
April and the first week in May.

Farm work has progressed, aided
by excellent field conditions. As a
result of the exceptionally hot
weather, asparagus harvesting com¬
menced on April 18 in the Swedes-
boro and Bridgeton sections. Cutting,
which was heavy during the two hot
days, has slowed up considerably.
General movement throughout South
Jersey started about May 1. Harvest¬
ing has also started in Central
Jersey. Asparagus canneries have
been open since April 21.

Early plantings of beets have been
completed throughout the State, with
reports from Cumberland County in¬
dicating that some of the crop is up,
and appears to be in good condition.
Preliminary reports indicate that the
acreage is about the same as a year
ago. Practically the same conditions
prevail for carrots as for beets, but
the crop is not quite as advanced.
Transplanted lettuce, for the most
part, is progressing quite favorably.
Stands are good in North Jersey, but
some disease is present in some of
the fields of South Jersey.

Farm skies are a little brighter.
Domestic consumer demand for farm
pi'oducts is rising as industrial pro¬
duction and employment expand
under programs for national defense.
To this has been added now the
purchasing program covering farm
products for export under provisions
of the Lease-Lend Act.

Corn Borer Control

Control of corn borer necessitates
complete plowing under of all corn
refuse in fields and the burying or
the destruction by burning of barn¬
yard accumulations of stalks before
grub emergence. A good plowing job
requires a wide bottom plow, 16 to
18 inches, a high beam having plenty
of throat clearance and preferably
a long distance between bottoms.
Notched coulters of 16 to 18 inches
in diameter help cut up ^the stalks
and prevent bunching. Standing
sweet corn stalks and accumulations
of field corn can readily be handled
with a plow of this type. Wires are
sometimes used to insure turning
under of heavy cover. These consist
of No. 12 wire in 10 or 12-foot
lengths attached to coulter standards
or clevis bar in such a way as to
hold the material against the invert¬
ing furrow slice. Wires trail the
furrow. Trash guards which funnel
the material under the furrow slice
are also available through plow
manufacturers. These guards were
developed in connection with corn
borer control studies in the Middle
West and have proved very effective.

Vegetable Seed Situation

Recent reports show that current
supplies of most vegetable seeds are
indicated to be smaller than last
year. This statement is based on a
nationwide survey completed this
year by the Agricultural Marketing
Service.

According to the report, the situ¬
ation varies materially by kinds and
varieties. Supplies of most kinds of
vegetable seeds are believed to be
sufficient for the planting needs of
the United States this year. Of the
50 kinds of seed covered by this
survey, stocks of 36 were smaller,
and 14 were larger than the year
before. The report indicated that
domestic production of many vege¬
table seeds which were formerly im¬
ported in large amounts are on the
increase.

Protect Young Clover

Much of the clover and some of
the alfalfa grown in New Jersey are
seeded in early Spring in wheat. The
way the companion crop of wheat
is managed may have a marked
effect on the success of the clover
or alfalfa needed in it.

Occasionally a combination of
favorable weather and high fertility
causes a rank growth of wheat which
kills out the legume and grass seed¬
ing. It has been found in experi-

New Jersey

ments in Ohio that if the April
growth of wheat has been rank, it
is desirable to follow one of several
courses. One is to clip the wheat
in late April or early May before
there is any possibility of cutting off
the developing wheat heads. The
wheat will recover and make a grain
crop, with yield slightly reduced.
The effect of the clipping is to reduce
greatly the competition of the grain
crop with the young grass and
clover during a period which is vital
to the success of the sod crop. The
clipping also greatly reduces the
danger of the wheat lodging. An¬
other method of holding back the
wheat to give the grass and clover
more opportunity is early Spring
grazing of the wheat. Pasteuring
may begin as soon as the wheat is
large enough to furnish a good bite.

New Officers for Milford Club

The Milford 4-H Dairy Club had
the annual election of officers at the
meeting of the club held recently at
the Spring Mills Grange Hall and
elected the following: President,
Herman Schick, Little York; vice-
president, Harvey Search, Spring

Mills; secretary, Gertrude Wilson,
Everittstown; assistant secretary,
Hermine Schick, Little York; treas¬
urer, Walter Mathews, Quakertown.

Hermine bchick gave a report of
the last meeting at which Dr. George
Taylor, Extension Dairyman, gave
demonstrations on the detection and
control of dairy cattle disease. A re¬
port of the recent Tri-County 4-H
Dairy Meeting was given by Norman
Crouse, Little York, and George
Miller, Quakertown, gave . a report
of the State Dairy Banquet at
Trenton which he attended and at
which he was awarded a Meritorious
Production Certificate by the Junior
Breeders’ Fund. A program on the
judging of dairy cattle was held. This
was in charge of Marian Huff of
Spring Millls, local leader of the club,
and the club agent. George Miller,
president of the club presided at
the meeting.

Fewer Turkeys Predicted

According to present indications,
the 1941 turkey crop will be some¬
what smaller than the 1940
crop. The report is based on replies
from about 6,000 growers scattered
throughout the United States, and
shows intention to produce about
three per cent less turkey poults this
year than last. Decreases are

largely indicated in the western and
central states, with an increase of
about two per cent in New Jersey
arid North Atlantic States.

Special Farm Machinery License

Motor Vehicle Agents, Inspectors
and County Agricultural Agents have
recently been advised by the Com¬
missioner of Motor Vehicles of the
provisions of the new law, Chapter
31, P.L. 1941, which provides for
the registration and operation of
certain vehicles used exclusively as
farm machinery or a farm imple¬
ment. The new law makes it possible
for a farmer to license an old truck
or other motor vehicle used ex¬
clusively on the farm but which, in
order to reach the fields of the farm,
must traverse the highway for a
short distance. The law provides
that such licensed vehices are not
subjected in inspection and shall not
traverse more than five miles of
highway in traveling from one farm
or portion thereof, to another farm,
or portion therefore, both owned or
managed by the registered -owner
of the vehicle or vehicles. The regis¬
tration fee is $1 and applications for
these special licenses may be ob¬
tained of Motor Vehicle Agents.

John W. Wilkinson

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UTICA RADIATOR

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UTICA RADIATOR CORP.

Dept. R-6, Utica, N.Y.

Gentlemen: Please have your nearest Authorized Utica Dealer
give me an estimate on the cost of installing a Utica Heating
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. . . . State .

(Please Print or Write Plainly)

Most convenient time.

(Day or Days)

, at . . . ■'A

P. M.

o» — r* r
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C> t» 30

t* -<

33 Z

K3 •

c»

3 \ UOtf * YTO’3

Cows in Luxuriant Pasture on a Long, Island Farm

Photo — Joseph Adams. Brookhaven, N

1936. at the Post
of March 3. 1879.

No. 5505

Vol. C.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.,
333 W. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

June 14, 1941

Office

366

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Twenty Years with Pastures

By B. A. Brown

Twenty years ago not much was known
about pastures except that they were grow¬
ing less and less productive. At that time,
many formerly good pastures furnished little
but exercise to the livestock and their owners.
Numerous indeed were the causes advanced
for this condition. Confronted with the prob¬
lem of what to do about pastures, the Storrs
and some other eastern Experiment Stations
started investigations to answer a few of the
pressing questions. Of these, the improve¬
ment and maintenance of production on the
millions of acres of runout, weed infested and
sometimes brush and tree covered permanent
pastures in northeastern United States ap¬
peared to be the most important problem.
Because a majority of the permanent pastures
in this region, even when free of bushes and
trees, are too stony or too steep for practical
tillage operations, it was essential to discover
methods of improvement by changes in
management or by surface additions of seeds
and fertilizers. Reasoning that it was useless
to add seed because any new grass or legume
seedlings thus obtained could not be expected
to survive long under conditions so unfavor¬
able that the formerly well estab¬
lished plants of the same species
could not exist, the first experi¬
ments at Storrs were with fertil¬
izers. (As used here, “fertilizers”
include lime or any other carrier
of plant nutrients and soil amend¬
ments ) .

In 1920-21, a 65 acre runout,
bushy pasture was cleared and
then fenced into several small
paddocks. To learn how inherently
variable these paddocks might be,
they were grazed with yearling
steers for three years without
any treatments save mowing
bushes. In the Spring of 1924'
different fertilizers were spread
on the surface of each paddock,
leaving one without treatment to
serve as a check. From time to
time, changes have been made in
the original plan of fertilizing some of these
pastures, but in the main, they have been
continued to the present time. Thus, the past
season (1940) was the twentieth in which
their productions have been measured by
grazing with either steers or heifers.

Phosphorus Most Essential Element

It was soon found that no appreciable im¬
provement could be obtained from any
fertilizer treatment that did not contain
phosphorus, supplied in this case by super¬
phosphate. The beneficial effects of super¬
phosphate were enhanced when limestone
was also added. Carriers of nitrogen, like
nitrate of soda, with superphosphate or super¬
phosphate and limestone, stimulated still larger
yields of pasturage. Very little, if any, bene¬
fit was secured by adding potash with the
other fertilizers. However, it was included in
all nitrogenous mixtures.

Without sowing any seed, marked changes
occurred in the botanical and chemical compo¬
sition of the herbage of these improved
pastures and such changes were, no doubt,
directly responsible for the
greater livestock carrying
capacities. For example, Ken¬
tucky bluegrass and white clover,
both of which can scarcely
be found in the plots without
superphosphate, soon took the
place of poverty grass, weeds and
bare ground. This particular type
of change was more characteristic
of those which occurred where
both superphosphate and lime¬
stone had been applied. More
bluegrass and less clover has been
the rule where the treatment in¬
cluded nitrogen.

Seasonal Production

The preceding is a sketchy
summary of the early results.

One very important pasture prob¬
lem has not yet been mentioned,
namely, “seasonal production” or

more specifically “June peaks” and “August
lows.” The generally favorable statements
regarding the effects of fertilization considered
only total yields. But the same old “highs”
and “lows” existed and were even accentu¬
ated by Spring applied nitrogen. Then, in
the late nineteen twenties, the Hohenheim sys¬
tem of pasture management was heralded as
the answer to the problem of seasonal uneven¬
ness in the growth of pasture plants. One of
the chief factors in that system is the appli¬
cation of nitrogen several times each season.
In view of the widely proclaimed benefits of
frequent intra-seasonal fertilizing, it was
.deemed advisable to give the scheme a thor¬
ough test at Storrs. Therefore, since 1922, a
few of our experimental pastures and
hundreds of small lawnmown plots have re¬
ceived nitrogenous fertilizers periodically
throughout each season. During this nine-
year period, 1932-40, the superphosphate and
superphosphate plus limestone treated pas¬
tures have been continued.

On the grazed pastures, the Summer nitro¬
gen has helped a little by stimulating slightly
more growth during the late Summer and
Fall months, but how little can be seen from
the facts that even in the most favorable

cases, two-thirds of the total growth occurred
before July 15 and that the superphosphate-
limestone plots had about the same distribu¬
tion. On some lawnmown plots, the usual
May-June peak was moved to July and even
to August by not adding any nitrogen in the
Spring and applying double the normal
amount after June 15. However, this result
is chiefly of academic interest, for the in¬
creased growth of grass per unit of Summer
applied nitrogen was only about half that ob¬
tained from nitrogen added in April.

Based on total production, the results of
the grazing experiment since 1932 may be
summarized briefly as follows: Superphos¬
phate alone continued to increase yields about
70 per cent; superphosphate and limestone,
approximately 120 per cent; and complete
minerals plus the equivalent of nearly 400
pounds per acre of nitrate of soda annually,
close to 200 per cent. If the pasturage is
valued at what it would cost in hay, silage
and grain, or at 2.25 cents per pound of di¬

June 14, 1941

gestible nutrients, we have these financial
aspects:

Annual Acre Returns
Value of Increased Per Dollar
Pasturage Less Spent for
Fertilization Cost of Fertilizers Fertilizers

Superphosphate . $7.50 $7.50

Superphosphate plus limestone . 13.40 8.30

Complete minerals plus nitrogen . 18.70 2.40

One might conclude from these data that
where land is limited and high in value or
where sufficient May and June grazing was
not obtained from superphosphate and lime¬
stone or resort to seeded pastures, the use of
nitrogenous fertilizers would be a better in¬
vestment than the purchase of more grain or
other feed to supplement the pasturage. How¬
ever, in much of northeastern United States,
the superphosphate-limestone appears the
more practical treatment.

Frequency of Application

The question of how much and how fre¬
quently superphosprate and limestone should
be applied is a common one. In the Storrs
experiments, there have been no advantages
from annual rather than triennial treatments
with the same total amount of superphosphate.

One of these experimental pastures with
no superphosphate since the 500 pounds per
acre of the 16 per cent grade in 1924, is still
increasing the pasturage by 50 per cent, but
it is 30 per cent poorer than those
that have received additional
applications. However, it appears
certain that adding the equivalent
of 500 pounds of 16 per cent super¬
phosphate every third year is too
liberal and that an average of
about 100 pounds per year would
be sufficient in most cases.

Most of the limed plots in the
grazing experiment received one
ton of limestone per acre in 1924
and again in 1929. One plot was
limed in 1924 only, and it is still
producing as well as the others.
Nevertheless, a ton per acre once
in ten years is suggested for
strongly acid soils in northern
United States.

Surface Application Effective

For a long time, agronomists
have recommended the harrowing in of
fertilizers, especially carriers of phosphoric
acid, which is fixed by the soil very close to
the point of first contact. For example, tests
in 1938 showed but little more easily soluble
phosphorus in the third inch of soil from ap¬
plying between 1924-35,, a ton per acre of
superphosphate on the surface of the experi¬
mental pastures. In spite of the non-pentra-
bility of superphosphate, two 3 -year experi¬
ments on tilled, seeded land have resulted in
practically the same yields of several pasture
mixtures from disked in or surface applied
superphosphate.

Next to superphosphate, limestone is the
least likely to affect very soon the soil below
the surface. However, it does penetrate slowly
but steadily. This statement is supported by
the fact that in 1938, about one-third of the
acidity of the sixth inch of soil had been
counteracted by the two tons of limestone
applied on the surface between 1924-29. As
most of the grass roots are found in the upper
3 inches greater or more rapid penetration
seems not only unessential but undesirable.

Potash and especially nitro¬
genous fertilizers move downward
much more rapidly than super¬
phosphate or limestone. In view
of this and the excellent returns
from surface applied superphos¬
phate and limestone on many ex¬
perimental and farm pastures, it
is concluded that no particular
effort should be made to work
fertilizers into the soil.

As previously stated, excellent
stands # of native grasses and
clovers have resulted on properly
fertilized permanent pastures
without adding any seed. On re¬
cently cut-over brush or wood¬
land, however, the establishment
of a good turf may be hastened
and the kind of species controlled
by sowing seed in the early Spring
of the first year after clearing.
(To be Continued)

Pasture in the Fall from third cutting alfalfa in Litchfield County, Conn.

Pasture experimental plots on untillable land at Storrs, Connecticut.

367

Scientific Orcharding by a Pioneer

By Walter Jack

Willis T. Mann, owner and developer of
Grand River Orchards, Geneva, Ohio, was
a horticulturist whose life and experience
spanned the entire period of scientific
orcharding.

Mr. Mann, 84 years of age when interviewed
by the writer a few weeks prior to his death,
last March, recalled that in 1889 he put to¬
gether his first spray outfit. “I purchased a
force pump,” Mr. Mann told me, “mounted
it on a barrel, and attached a stick to the
handle in such a way as to agitate the liquid.
I was the first one in Niagara County, New
York to spray. At that time we had one-day
agricultural schools. We secured Prof. Cook
from Michigan Agricultural College as speak¬
er, and on the way to the school, he told me
of the benefits of spraying and the equipment
that might be adapted for it.” At that time
Mr. Mann had about 700 trees. His orchard
now consists of 350 acres, producing and
marketing to high class grocers 50,000
bushels a year.

Mr. Mann recalled that during the Spring
of 1890 he was asked to make a speech. He
then declared that apple scab was due to a
fungus disease, and that he had noticed evi¬
dences of it before bloom. This was news and
he had clippings of newspapers far and wide
which carried the story as highly important
and such was the case.

It was at that time that Niagara County
was the first county in the country in apple
production. The ravages of scab were ruinous.
Mr. Mann recalled that his speech, in which
he explained the nature of scab, was the first
one that he ever made, and that the remain¬
der of the day the discussion of fruit growers
was centered around his observations.

The first spray was what Mr. Mann recalled
as ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate.

L. G. Dean, superintendent at the Grand River
Orchards, is showing richly colored Spies in dis¬
tinctive corrugated bushel container.

Jht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

The main use of strong ammonia in its mak¬
ing was particularly offensive.

In the early 90’s Mr. Mann turned to lime
sulphur. It was necessary to prepare it on
the farm. His plant consisted of a steam
boiler and pipes connected to 50-gallon
barrels. A special building was constructed
for making lime sulphur and it was cooked,
mixed and drawn off at once into the sprayer.
“By that time,” Mr. Mann recalled, “we had
made another advance in our spraying equip¬
ment. We were using a horizontal hand force
pump which two men worked back and forth
by hand. This was a tedious job and with
hard work we could build up pressure to 60
or 70 pounds.” At that time, according to Mr.
Mann, the commercial manufacture of lime
sulphur was an unheard of thing and its im¬
mediate use was so important that he wired
to Rochester for a barrel of lime to be shipped
by express immediately. The request was an
unusual one, particularly at that time.

“The second power sprayer which the
Friend people ever built, I purchased,” Mr.
Mann recalled. “We could get 120 pounds
pressure. I had a high tower and a 12 foot
rod to direct the spray into the tree. My ex¬
perience with lime . sulphur dates back
to 1894. Prof. Pierce of California had
used it for peach leaf curl and I was as¬
signed further experimentation. My first
experience preparing it was on the kitchen
stove and I used a wash boiler.”

Among the ‘firsts’ in Mr. Mann’s orcharding
experience was his method of pruning. He
was reported to be a man who never pruned,
but this was due to his theory of light prun¬
ing every year while other growers pruned
severely and as a result, their orchards were
set back in production severely. Mr. Mann
bought small trees, trained them low, while
others were buying the biggest trees they
could get and they were heading them high.
At first, he practiced clean cultivation and
was so careful about his orchard that he would
not allow a weed to be found. He discovered,
however, that he was losing humus. “This was
about the time,” recalled Mr. Mann, “that Grant
Hitchings of Syracuse started his sod mulch
system. In my cover crop practice I used the
clovers.”

“About 1901 or 1902 we organized the New
York State Fruit Growers’ Association and I
was named chairman of the committee on
statistics. I believed that we should inform
the apple grower of the prospective crop in
bushels rather than percentages over or be¬
low a certain crop level. The late Herbert W.
Collingwood, editor of The Rural New-
Yorker, was a member of that committee.
By informing the growers of actual crop
conditions in all sections, one year I suggested
that the price of apples should be pegged
to $3 a barrel and the growers stuck to the
figure or near to it. Apple buyers long
followed the practice of telling the growers

of bumper crops in other sections to break
down the price level.”

“Back in 1905, the International Shippers’
Association had drawn up a bill for the
Congressional hopper for standardization of
apples. I was urged the next year to accept
the chairmanship, since both the shippers
and producers were interested in such legis¬
lation. I went out from the first meeting feel¬
ing it was a hopeless task, but I became more
optimistic in a short time. The bill which I
prepared was accepted and the previous bill
was withdrawn.”

“I have been flattered,” Mr. Mann said,
“by many who declared that my bill was
the basis for the present grades. I even went
further than to set standards for apples. I
took in consideration a package and its
dimensions. My package was opposed by
the Northwestern apple growers because of
the dimensions I had chosen. They were
impractical for them. This brought about
the defeat of the bill the first year and after
removing the package angle, the bill was
passed the next year.”

In his orcharding practice, Mr. Mann had
gotten away from the filler tree. By a system
of careful annual pruning, he brought trees
into bearing in fewer years to the astonish¬
ment of many earlier horticulturists.

Mr. Mann developed a high-class market
in the Northwest Ohio area, served by trucks.
One driver-salesman covered Cleveland re¬
tail stores while the other covered towns and
cities in a radius of 60 miles. Corrugated
board bushel boxes and corrugated board
baskets bearing distinctive labels have been
used as containers. High quality of fruit and
service have been maintained. Salesmen have
been paid a salary and bonus. Mr. Mann
always set the price on his product and al¬
ways received it since the grocers and their
patrons have insisted on Grand River
Orchard fruit.

Grading apples at Grand River Orchards storage
plant. Grading is a major operation in modern
apple production.

Outlet for Surplus Apples

Success seems assured in experimenters’
attempts to take good sized amounts of the
country’s surplus apples off the market at
just this time when practically all outlets for
sales abroad have been closed by the exten¬
sion of the war to practically all countries
to which America formerly shipped apples.

The method is to convert the surplus apples
into apple juice and to market this product
in small containers through the ordinary
grocery, confectionary and fruit stores.

High standards are set for this product
which is prepared from only high grade,
clean, and insect-free fruit pressed in sanitary
presses, pasteurized by a method which does
not destroy its flavor, and immediately placed
in bottles or tin cans where, unopened, it
will keep indefinitely.

The methods of producing and handling
this delightful beverage has been worked out
at the experiment stations in some of the
more important fruit-growing states and the
product appears to be growing in favor
very rapidly.

Before recommending it to the trade many
factors have had to be considered. Fruit men
were well aware that sweet cider had been
on the market for a long time and various
methods had been tried to keep it sweet. All
of these methods however had some serious

drawbacks. All of them injured the flavor,
which usually was not too good to start with.
Chemicals changed the flavor in one way
while - subjecting it to heat destroyed it in
another.

Scientists at the experiment stations de¬
cided that they would see what could be done.
They would start with good fruit at least.
Various flavored apples were tried, first alone
and then blended. They found that by blend¬
ing certain varieties of well matured, clean,
sound fruit, a superior product was obtained.
It was far different from the sweet cider
made from a mixture of mature, immature,
wormy, partially decayed, and unwashed fruit.

After it was decided how to obtain the
best juice, a method of preserving the juice
so that its natural flavor could be retained,
had to be developed. Pasteurizing the juice
similar to the method used in pasteurizing
milk was found to injure the flavor. Filtration
methods were too costly. Finally the so-called
“flash” method of pasteurization was tried
and found to give a well flavored juice that
would keep when given the ordinary care
in sealing.

Some of the juice is sealed in glass bottles
but the most of it is sealed in specially lined
tin cans which are much cheaper and deliver
the product in good condition without any
metallic flavor.

To vary the product, some producers are

using the apple juice as a base and blending
the juice of raspberries, cherries and other
fruit juices with it. The resulting beverage
from apples and raspberries is called “apple-
raspberry juice” and is becoming very popular
wherever tried. There is a large field for. the
blending of these various juices.

Started experimentally, the production and
marketing of these juices is spreading. Some
orchardists are turning a large percent of
their fruits which happen to be undersized,
or slightly imperfect in other respects but
otherwise in good condition, into juice, thus
keeping it out of competition with the very
best fruit but still obtaining a good return
for it. Some of the chain stores are taking
over the distribution and sale of the new
blended fruit juices and the outcome is
awaited with interest.

Roadside stands in various parts of the
country are disposing of large quantities to
quench the thirst of those driving by.

The important essentials which anyone in¬
tending to produce a quality fruit juice must
keep in mind are, to have good, clean, sound
fruit to start with, to be prepared to observe
the utmost cleanliness in processing and
handling the product and then to get full in¬
formation regarding the methods to use from
their respective experiment stations, since
several of them have worked out successful
practices. Ray Huey

368

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 14, 1941

SULFUR SPRAY
WITH BIG
ADVANTAGES”

TV/TORE AND MORE GROWERS
are telling their friends,
"Once you use Du Pont Sulforon
for spraying apples, peaches, plums
or cherries, you’ll never go back
to any other Sulfur!” There are
plenty of reasons for insisting on
Sulforon” . . . for controlling

scab, brown rot, sooty blotch and
fly speck fungus and mites.

Sulforon has an extremely fine
particle size giving thorough
penetration and coverage. It con¬
tains 97% active ingredients with
only a wetting agent added — there’s
no inactive diluent to clog leaf
pores or to form objectionable
residue. It is easy to apply since
it is freely wettable, disperses
uniformily and remains in suspen¬
sion — working well through long
lines and avoiding clogging of
screens and nozzles — a real time
saver. It is safe to foliage because
it is not caustic and does not react
with arsenicals.

Based on performance, you’ll find
that Sulforon is a better sulfur spray.
See your dealer about Sulforon today.

Listen to " Cavalcade of America” every
Monday evening 7:30 to 8 P. M., E. D.
S. T. over N. B. C. Network.

New England Distributor
Apothecaries Hall Co., Waterbury, Conn.

E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO.

INCORPORATED

GRASSELLI CHEMICALS DEPARTMENT

Wilmington

SPlTO

Delaware

REG u. S. PAT OEE-

INSECTICIDES & FUNGICIDES

•NuREXFORM Lead Arsenate Lime Sulfur

•GRASSELLI Lead Arsenate Calcium Arsenate

*S(JLFORON Wettable Sulfur Spray Oils

*DUTOX Fluorine Insecticide Copper Sulfate

*GRASSELLI Spreader-Sticker Sulfur

*LORO Contact Insecticide Paris Green

•PARAPONT Paradichlorobcnzene Copper- A Compound
Zinc Sulfate — Flake and Crystal Bordeaux Mixture
•PARMONE Hormone Spray *BLACK'LEAF “40”
Cryolite (precipitated) *BLACK LEAF “155”

Flotation Sulfur Paste *FLUXIT Spreader

* T RACE MARKS

In New Jersey

Crop conditions were somewhat
unfavorable during May, as the en¬
tire month was very dry, with only
a few light showers here and there.
Corn, tomatoes, cucumbers, beets,
carrots, peas, and hay were pinched
with drought, and eggplants and tom¬
atoes were retarded in growth be¬
cause of cool nights. The first week
in June helpful rains came.

Some damage to cranberries,
strawberries, and beans was caused
by the frosts which will reduce both
the quality and the quantity of the
yield of these crops. The Spring-
planted crop of spinach is now mov¬
ing in volume, especially from the
large areas in Bergen and Passaic
Counties. Quality of offerings is now
reported by the trade as good.

Except for slight retarding of
growth, the Irish potato crop has
not suffered any significant damage
as yet. However, the growers are
concerned over the continued short¬
age of moisture, particularly in light
soil areas.

To help on the hay and pasture
shortage situation soybeans and
Sudan grass are recommended as
emergency crops for this year. Black
Wilson soybeans sown at one and
one-half bushels per acre were
recommended. Inoculation of the
bean is also stressed. On manured
land 200 pounds superphosphate and .
on land not manured the same
amount of a complete fertilizer was
suggested. For silage, soybeans at
one bushel and Sudan grass at 12
pounds per acre is recommended.
For emergency pasture, many farm¬
ers have found Sudan grass sown at
30-36 pounds per acre to be a good
practice. Opportunity is offered
farmers to have their soils tested to
determine if there is sufficient lime
in the soil for these crops. Soybeans
will tolerate acidity — Sudan grass
will not. John W. Wilkinson

New Jersey

Tomatoes or Beans?

Farmers throughout Southwestern
New York are faced with the prob¬
lem of just what to grow. Tomatoes,
which require so much labor at
harvest time — or beans, which may
this year run over their average
tonnage demand, and can be har¬
vested by machine.

The price of tomatoes is up from
$3 to $4 per ton from last year’s
price, and this area annually pro¬
duces 90 per cent of the State crop
which is 170,000 tons of canning
tomatoes. The government states
that it desires 12,500,000 cases of
canned tomatoes for the British,
under the lease and lend program,
plus 1.500,000 tons for American con¬
sumption. But with the labor short¬
age as it is, and tomatoes having
to be picked by hand daily, and the
New York State Employment Ser¬
vice being able to fill only 70 per
cent of the demands now and every
indication that they cannot fill 50
per cent when harvest time arrives,
farmers are turning to beans as the
solution. Last month beans were
bringing around $4 per hundred,
about double that of last year, but
there is not the profit to be realized
from that crop that there is from
tomatoes.

Washington reports reveal that
15,000,000 pounds of dry beans will
be needed for the British and Ameri¬
can consumption this year. It has
been stated that much of this
amount will have to come from New
York State, and particularly from
this area.

Farmers here would grow tomatoes
if they could get the farm help but
the indication at the present time is
a shortage in the tomato supply this
Fall and an oversupply of beans.

New York m. b. b.

St. Lawrence County 4-H
Winners

The St. Lawrence County 4-H
office has just annonuced the win¬
ners in the essay contest on “Di¬
versified Livestock Farming” that
was sponsored by a Chicago firm.
The following boys earned livestock
prizes: Chelson Putman, Heuvelton,
who will receive a purebred ewe
lamb, Paul Stiles, DeKalb Junction,
Bruce Chapman and James Houri-
han, Norwood, Ronald Burrows,
Brier Hill, Keith Lowery and Basil
Cutaway, Hammond, and Donald
McDonald, Lisbon, all of whom will
receive purebred Yorkshire Spring
pigs.

The following will receive prizes
of chickens: Donald Golden, Lisbon;
Ellen Beckstead, Massena; Robert
Fleming, Hammond; Jane Foster,
Potsdam; Wilbur Thompson, Pots¬
dam; Vern Oxford, Gouverneur;
Gordon Storie, Gouverneur, Esther
Weatherup, DeKalb Junction; Roger
Huntley and Robert Latimer, Canton;
Ann Leamy and Beulah Gladle,
Ogdensburg; Stephen Millet, James
Cook, 'Julius Cook, Louis Jacobs,
Benny Kelly and Willian Herne, all
of Hogansburg. e. r.

New York

Western New York News

Horticulture

The direct seeding of tomatoes in
the field without transplanting is
being strongly advised by officials
at the State Experiment Station at
Geneva as one means of meeting the
demand for an increase of 50 per
cent in the production of canned
tomatoes this season.

Cold storage holdings of apples in
May in New York plants totaled
785,000 bushels, the Department of
Agriculture reported last month.
This quantity exceeded stocks on
hand May 1, 1940, by 170,000 bushels.
Reports show there are 11,000 boxes
of Western apples, 610,000 boxes of
Eastern apples and 164,000 baskets
of apples in cold storage plants in
the Empire State.

Livestock and Dairy

Harold Merrill of- Wolcott has been
elected President of the Wayne
County Sheey Growers’ Association,
Carl Malchoff, Clyde, is the new vice-
president and Merle Cunningham,
Sodus, is secretary-treasurer. June
20 has been set as the date for pool¬
ing the wool of the sheep association.

High production has been credited
to Sir Walter Inka Homestead 37th,
one of the sires owned by the Second
Steuben Holstein Bull Association.
Records show five daughters have
an average production of 10,996
pounds of milk and 407 pounds of
butterfat.

Roger Bradley, 19 years old King
Ferry youth, purchased a thorough¬
bred Aberdeen-Angus heifer for $710
from Cornell University with earn¬
ings derived chiefly from 4-H Club
project work in Cayuga County. The
heifer bears the name of Quality
the 18th. p. b. o.

Rhubarb Curculio

What can I do to protect my
rhubarb from a husky beetle that
has a stout beak? It punctures
many holes in the stalks, apparently
for the purpose of laying eggs.

New York r. g. k.

It is not practical to spray for the
rhubarb curculio. Hand picking is
practical, because there are not many
and they are easily caught. The
beetles also lay their eggs in stems
of dock and other big weeds, so
these should be cleared out. They
winter in the rubbish around plants,
so clear up and burn that late in
the season.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER JUNE 14, 1941
FARM TOPICS

Outlet for Surplus Apples . 367

In Tune with the Times . 370

Long Island Potato Tour . 371

Illegal Traffic in Foods . 373

Coming Farmers’ Meetings . 379

HORTICULTURE

Scientific Orcharding by a Pioneer .... 367

Growing Gladioli . 369

Strawberries in Delmarva . 369

New Daylilies . 370

Edible Soybeans ....: . 371

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Twenty Years with Pastures . 366

Safeway Stores in New York . 372

Two Good Jobs Well Done . 373

George W. Sisson, Jr . 373

“Seven Decades of Milk” . 373

The Milk Goat Has its Place . 374

Jersey Cattle Club Sale . 375

Hog Production Testing . 379

Guernsey Club Officers . 379

What Our Farm Women Think About

Milk Prices . 383

Mastitis Contol . 383

Cow’s Milk for Orphan Pigs . 383

Cull Apples for Dairy Cows . 385

WOMAN AND HOME

Time Saving Ideas . 376

Notes From the Catskills . 376

June 14th — Flag Day . 376

Summer Favorites . 377

Rugs from Small Pieces . 377

Homemade Bandages . 377

THE HENYARD

Increase in Poultry and Egg Production 381

Thoughts About Colds . 381

Gray Eye in Poultry . 382

Glass Poultry House . 382

Possible Polyneuritis . 382

Poultry House Problem . 382

Bread for Poultry . 382

Electric Brooder . 382

MISCELLANEOUS

Our Great Democracy . 372

What Doth it Profit a Man? . 373

A Garden Will not Grow Alone . 384

Publishers’ Desk . 386

DUSTERS

Biggest Bellows • most power
Finest Materials - longest life
Best Workmanship - least trouble

25 YEARS
The World’s Finest

And by long life we mean that parts
i are still available for American
Beauties made in 1922 and being
used. You too can have the best.

Write For Free Descriptive Booklet

LOS ANGELES CHEMICAL CO.

I960 Santa Fe Ave. Los Angeles. Calif.

D| a UTC all leading
r LAN I 9 VARIETIES

100 BOO 1000
postage postage postage 1000
prepaid prepaid prepaid F.O.B.

Tomato . 50.60 $1.50 $2.00 $1.25

Cabbage . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Pepper . 60 2.00 3.50 2.50

Cauliflower . 1.00 4.00 6.00 5.50

Sweet Potato . 55 2.00 3.50 3.00

Egg Plant . 75 3.00 5.00 4.00

Brussell Sprout . .55 1.50 2.50 1.75

Broccoli . 60 2.00 3.00 1.50

Collard . 55 1.40 1.85 1.00

Lettuce . 50 1.35 2.00 1.50

Beet . 50 1.50 2.50 1.50

Flowering Plants SE'SSSS

Calendula, Cosmos, Celosia, Snapdragon,
Gallardia, Alyssum, Chrysanthemum,
Larkspur, Calliopsis, Petunia. Phlox,
Balsam, Strawflower, Centaurea, Blue
Lace Flower, Verbena, Scabiosa, Amaran-
thus, Alyssum, Stocks, Snow-on-Mt.,
lVzc each postage prepaid.

Plants grown from selected seed stock; all
plants carefully packed in Live Moss.
We guarantee good delivery.

Cppfjc A complete line of high grade
wgcuo seecjs. Before ordering seeds
we suggest sending for our catalogue.

Send for Free Catalog of Seeds and Plants

0R0L LEDDEN & SONS, SEWELL, N. i.

LARGEST GROWERS AND SHIPPERS OF
VEGETABLE PLANTS IN NEW JERSEY

CABBAGE PLANTS: grown from YELLOWS RE¬
SISTANT SEED. Grows good crops where others fail.
Golden Acre, Marion Market. Allhead Select, Wis.
Allseason, Globe and Wis. Railhead.

TOMATO: John Baer, Stokesdale, Scarlett Topper,
Marglobe. Rutgers and Stone.

We Pay Transportation or’lxpreM*

100

500

1000

5000

Cabbage .

$0.50

$1.40

$1.90

$7.50

Tomato .

.50

1.40

1.90

7.50

Pepper .

.60

2.00

3.50

16.25

Sweet Potato .

.60

2.00

3.50

15.00

Broccoli, Lettuce & Beets

.50

1.50

2.40

10.00

Egg Plant, transplanted . .

1.50

5.00

9.00

42.50

Pepper, transplanted . . . .

1.50

5.00

9.00

42.50

Combination orders of different plants with 100 each
must be charged at the 100 rate. Request Catalog
for less than 100 rate.

C. E. FIELD PLANT FARM

SEWELL, NEW JERSEY, Location Barnsboro

VEGETABLE PLANTS

lOO Acres This Season. All Now Ready

TOMATO: Marglobe. Master Marglobe, Rutgers,
Baltimore, John Baer, Bonnibest. and Stone $1.75-
1000; 10,000-$I5.00. Cabbage Plants all leading
varieties including Yellows Resistant $1.00-1000.
Sweet Potato Plants; Nancy Halls, Porto Ricos
and Big Stem Jerseys $1.50-1000; $12.50-10,000.
We use certified (treated) seeds and cultivato
our plants which gives them a better root system.
The difference you pay will be regained in by
jMWfMd cr°P Production. Shipping capacity over
500 thousand daily.

J. P. COUNCILL CO., FRANKLIN, VA.

FRED MURRAY, LAKE GEORGE, NEW YORK

TKY .fiS!d„„grown rentable plants, moss packed.
innft!°<7bnnt^L50'1?0?.: .pe?p.er* eEBPlant, potato $2.00-
1000 ■ $7.00-4000. col. Colonial Plant Farm, Rebecca, Ga

When you write advertisers mention
I he Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

Tfcr RURAL. NEW-YORKER

369

Growing Gladioli

Twenty acres of gladiolus in full
bloom ought to be something worth
driving to see; so I drove miles,
through Lee County, Florida; the re¬
cently discovered seventh heaven
of winter gladiolus growers. Fields
reached to the horizon but not a
flower was in sight. Green budded
spikes indicated that I had come too
soon. Two weeks later the trip was
repeated with anticipation of finding
a veritable lake of color.

The result was stunning. I couldn’t
believe my eyes; not on account of
the gorgeous spectacle but because
apparently the field had stood still
in the interval, except that the spikes
were thinned out. At least a spot
of color caught my attention. It
was a single lavender gladiolus,
lovely in its solitude, but inferior
in size to its green companions.

Then I realized that these glads
weren’t grown to beautify the land¬
scape but to bring profit to their
owners. The spikes are cut as soon
as color shows, and the patrons of
northern florists reap the benefit of
their subsequent beauty. From 25
to 30 million spikes are shipped
annually all over the country East
of the Mississippi, and it takes close
to 4,000 acres to grow that many with

50,000 glads to the acre.

Northern and southern gladiolus
growers have several problems in
common, with thrips the principal
difficulty. They are increasing, but
their very numbers have made con¬
trol a routine matter. Spraying with
Paris green and tartar emetic takes
care of them during the growing
season and in storage temperature
is 38 degrees. Before planting corms
are disinfected with corrosive sub¬
limate.

Planting starts the middle of
September and continues weekly
through January carrying the mar¬
keting season from December into
April. Shipments, sold on consign¬
ment, are made in hampers holding
around 35 dozen. At the height of
the season about 150 hampers are
shipped daily fi'om the 160 acre
farm of Hex Beach, in Lee County,
where he is more famous as a glad
grower, although his winter home
is some distance north at Sebring.
Corms and the ground in which they
are planted are used but once a year
while between seasons a cover crop
helps build up sandy soil to avoid

fertilizer loss by leaching. Infre¬
quent winter rains are supplemented
with irrigation from .artesian wells.

Cooperation rather than compe¬
tition is the relationship between
growers of the North and South.
Keeping this flower in the public
mind 12 months a year has doubt¬
less had much to do with its unver-
sal popularity, an obvious advantage
for all growers. In spite of the
annual increase of corms none are
sold by Florida growers, in fact,
they are still buyers, due to acreage
increase and natural corm deteriora¬
tion. Only cut-flower varieties avail¬
able in large quantities are used.
Leading these are Picardy and other
favorites such as Minute, Dr.
Bennett, and Albatross.

It is up to northern growers to
originate and develop new varieties.
None of this is done here, not only
on account of the time involved but
because the climate is not conducive
to seed production. That Florida’s
function in the gladiolus world is
solely commercial flower growing
was evidenced by the rather scorn¬
ful reply of a grower when ques¬

tioned about hybridizing: “To get
enough corms of a new variety for
our use would take 15 years; that
sort of thing is a hobby, not a
business.” At that point I changed
the subject, being more interested
in settling an argument than in start¬
ing one. The controversial question
in mind was whether young, thick
corms or old, flat ones produced the
best spikes. The latter school of
thought holds in this section, there¬
by confirming the experience of
John Q. Reynolds, a grower of
Warren County, New York. How¬
ever, it was pointed out that some
consider young corms preferable
because old ones have a tendency
to split.

It wasn’t without a struggle that
I intended to give up the idea of
viewing quantities of blossoms, so
I asked: “Won’t I ever see more than
one glad in a million blooming
here?” The question was insane, but
southern chivalry triumphed with:
“There’s lots of backyard growers
supplying local trade, but on big
farms you’ll see only left-overs
unless some owner goes bankrupt
and leaves his fields.”

New York Ruth Hall

Strawberries in Delmarva

Ripe strawberries from our two
Virginia counties were being peddled
all over the peninsula early last
month. Well-colored but decidedly
sour, they were still vastly superior
to those shipped in from further
South. Storekeepers paid growers
18 to 20 cents a quart and retailed
at 25 cents. The fruit sold readily
though dry weather kept individual
berries small. These earliest berries
are usually Klondykes. They have
a good flavor when well sugared but
are almost immune from consump¬
tion in the patch. Klondykes which
ripen later, especially if showers
favor, become sweet enough for
normal palates. It takes warmth as
well as sunshine and soft rain to
develop sweetness in strawberries.
I have picked Mastodons on Christ¬
mas Day here. Though well-colored
they were sour as pickles.

By mid-month, Maryland’s mid¬
peninsula counties were picking.
These supply the bulk of our market
crop of both strawberries and the
plants. The best are grown on dark
Portsmouth soils. Since the last
marine inundation these have been
well supplied with organic matter.
This is the area which produces the
berries of highest quality.

Last year the weather was such
that strawberries did not bed up
very well. That turns out to be a
good thing. Since April’s unpre¬
cedented hot spell our weather has
been decidedly dry. High barometer
always brings us cool nights. Two
slight frosts which did some damage
occurred during May’s second week.
Such weather seems ideal for crawl¬
ing insect life. Weevils have cut
off many forming strawberries here
again; Nature is making a needed
adjustment. There was not enough
moisture for the full set; thinning
was necessary if desirable market¬
sized berries were to be picked.

As usual, Blakemores made dens¬
est beds. Many of them have been
bar plowed to destroy a portion of
the plants but are still too crowded
for present moisture supply. Yellows
which appeared among Blakemores
several years ago have been almost
eliminated. Runner plants from
parents showing the aberration are
not set in new patches. Soon the
trouble should be no more than a
memory.

Growers of Premiers, Howard 17
still remain well satisfied with field
performance of our strain. Fields
of them are yielding well now.
Under our conditions the berries are
good both for shipping and preserv¬
ing.

Chesapeake originated here; per¬
haps that is why it does so well.
Other varieties may suffer from in¬
sects and leaf moulds; their roots
may suffer crippling disease. Chesa¬
peake serenely remains immune to
serious damage. The variety sets
just the right number of plants for
this climate. Under irrigation it will
yield very heavy crops of berries
that are better shippers than softer
varieties too well supplied with
moisture. Irrigation is not much
practised here. Our Chesapeakes
yield moderate crops of large, firm,
well shaped and flavored berries, c.

rUO BY THIS YEAR 'S FACTS

IE CHOOSING THIS YEARS CAR!

DON’T CHOOSE your new car on
old information. Improvements
have come fast in motor cars since
you bought your last one. Changes
that may mean all the difference in
the world in what is your best
money’s worth now. Whatever you
now own . . . drive a Ford before
you buy this year. We believe you’ll
agree that here are the biggest ad¬
vances in the whole low price field!

FORD HAS THE PERFORMANCE — Take a Ford
car out on the road. Drive it through
traffic, try it on a hill — you’ll thrill to the
smooth response of its 90 horsepower
engine. The economy of Ford engines is
built-in with efficient design and long
life features.

FORD HAS THE ROOM — In total inside
length, in seating width, in knee room,
in actual total passenger room, the Ford
outmeasures all others in its price class
this year!

FORD HAS THE RIDE — Try the year’s most
talked-about new ride. New in comfort
and softness — over good road or bad,
riding front seat or rear!

FORD HAS THE STYLE— When you look at
the smooth-flowing lines of this new
Ford, you see one of the few cars with
really up-to-date styling this year.

FORD HAS THE QUALITY FEATURES— In extra¬
big hydraulic brakes, in fine-car type
semi-centrifugal clutch and gearshift, in
many other important parts of the car,
mechanical quality in a Ford is equaled
only in cars of much higher price.

Get the Facts and
You'll Get a Ford /

,.'Y ■ :■ |

> < « m

V. -VW;

370

1 The RURAL NEW-YORKER

An electric fencer that works — always - in

all weather - is a boon to every farmer. A

fencer that does not work Is just a nuisance.

Certainly the Surge costs more, but it costs so
little for what it does ; so little compared with
the usual fence! Isn’t it worth a penny a day
more to know you have a fencer that is en¬
tirely safe and fully effective? Surge is the
one Hi-Line Fencer that can start with the
Safe and Approved shock of 25 milliamperes
and maintain that shock under increased
voltages to meet soil and weather conditions.

Only the Surge has the Three-In-One Trans¬
former that makes this possible. Only the
Surge has the Mercury Switch that just can’t
possibly stop in the “on” position. In short, Surge is the only Hi- Line Fencer that
can meet the most exacting requirements (such as those of the Wisconsin Code)
and Still control your stock always ! When buying an electric fencer, insist
on one that works — always! - wet or dry. The Surge is sold on easy terms.

ODEL

HI-LINE FENCER

Approved by the Industrial Commission
of the State of Wisconsin ... thus meet¬
ing the most rigid requirements for high-
line fencers in all America !

Safely controls your stock
. . . always . . . under all
conditions. Protects your
crops. Protects fences yon
oow have. Saves you time
and labor . . . and MAKES
MORE PROFIT !

BATTERY FENCER

Fool proof, tamper proof, weather proof,
Surge Timer Kit is sealed in nitrogen under pres¬
sure; no rust, pitting or corrosion. Hang a Surge Bull Pup
Fencer on a post and know what it means to have really
trouble free battery fencing. Sold on Easy Terms.

See Our 5 Modejs jnJiEW CATALOGUE!

^ Just Mail BABSON BROS. CO. of N. Y. SssSl "y-1

■ Counon 1 Please send me free your big Surge Fencer catalogue and Easy Monthly |

m Terms i am interested in:

□ SURGE HI-LINE FENCER □ SURGE BATTERY FENCER

Name . .

■ Town . R. F. D . State . ■

For $2 postpaid. Edmond’s Poultry
Account Book. The Rural New-
Yorker 333 W. 30th St., New York.

K1NKADE GARDEN TRACTOR

and Power Lawnmower

A Practical, Power Plow and Cultivator for
Gardeners, Fruit Growers, Truckers,

Florists, N urserymen, Suburbanites
Country Estates and Poultrymen.

Low Prices — Easy Terms :

AMERICAN FARM MACHINE CO
11)65 33rd Ave. S. E. Minneapolis, Mini.

Catalog

Free

When you zvrite advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

June 14, 1941

In Tune with the Times

Grass Fed Beef. — Beef from cattle
fattened on grass proves to be just
as juicy and tender and has as good
flavor as beef from cattle fattened
on grain. There appears to be no
sound basis for any market dis¬
crimination in favor of beef from
the feed lots, according to a recent
three-year study. The deciding
element in the quality of beef so
far as feeding is concerned is the fat¬
ness of the animal. If the grass fed,
animal is fat, its beef is just as good
as the grain fed animal. When beef
cuts were roasted, experienced
judges could not tell the difference
in the type of meat that they were
eating. When the beef was put in
cold storage and ripened for a 50-
day period, the grain and grass beef
came out with no difference in the
chemical, physical, or taste tests.

Vegetable Soil Management. —
Moderate application of manure and
a medium rate of application of com¬
plete fertilizer plus lime where
needed maintained the yields and
the soil fertility at a high level on
a sandy river bottom vegetable land.
Manure alone even at high rates of
40 tons per acre, gave poor results
during wet seasons. Also during
heavy rainfall concentrated fertili¬
zers were less effective than normal
strength fertilizers. In dry seasons,
fertilizers used at half rate were
about as effective as where full rate
applications were made. A com¬
bination of green manure, winter
cover crops, and liberal applications
of complete fertlizer maintained
favorable yields.

Turkeys. — Turkey meat is similar
in composition to chicken meat, but
the total edible portion in turkeys
is higher than in chickens. The per¬
centage of edible portions of the
turkey increases each month up
until they are at least seven months
old but after seven months a con¬
siderable amount of the gain is in
fat rather than in lean meat. Grass¬
hopper feeding where the turkey
ration consisted of about 20 per cent
grasshoppers resulted in more rapid
growth and there were no undesir¬
able flavors. Rate of growth was
greatest in turkeys on alfalfa range
with feed hoppers containing free
choice of high protein concentrate
and a variety of whole grains.
Methods of turkey management
compared with this were, feeding
mash on range and confinement
rearing. Hen turkeys used feed as
effectively as toms.

Eight-Hour Day For Cows. — The
mystery is solved as to what a cow
does with her 24 hours a day.
Whether there is an organized
“cow’s union” still remains to be
solved, because the cow will graze
only about eight hours out of each
24, regardless of the luxuriousness
of the pasture. A graduate student,
Keith Kennedy who is studying for
an advanced degree at Cornell
University, watched the grazing
habits of cows for 24 hours, night
and day, and recorded her behavior
in an excellent Kentucky bluegrass
and wild white clover pasture. The
cow preferred tender grass and
clover from four to five inches high.
While grazing, she took from 50 to
70 bites a minute, but occasionally

stepped the rate up to 90. Out of
the 24-hour day, she spent 12 hours
lying down, eight hours in grazing,
and four hours standing or walking
around, perhaps looking for a hole
in the fence. She consumed 150
pounds of grass and clover contain¬
ing 32 pounds of dry matter. One of
the things learned was that as graz¬
ing progresses and the herbage gets
shorter, the amount consumed by
a cow is reduced. After a few days
she may be able to gather only 50
pounds a day. Other investigations
have shown that when herbage is
allowed to grow taller than four to
five inches and head out, the amount
consumed in a day is also reduced,
and the feeding value of the herbage
decreases.

Muddy Water. — Muddy water is
a danger signal, a warning that
topsoil is being washed off fields.
Strip cropping, with alternating
clean-cultivated and close-growing
crops, is one of the best ways to re¬
duce this loss. During, or right after
a hard rain, water is muddy as it
enters the upper side of close-grow¬
ing strips from the clean-cultivated
areas. On the lower side of the close¬
growing strips, run-off water has
decreased in volume and is much
clearer. The change is caused by
the dense vegetation which filters
out soil particles and impedes water
flow, allowing more moisture to
penetrate the soil. On steep slopes
a larger number of comparatively
narrow strips check soil losses more
successfully than a few wide strips.

More Pigs. — The United States
Department -of Agriculture reports
on studies made over a 17-year
period of the factors that influence
the size of litters of hogs. Most im¬
portant of all the factors studied was
the age of the sow and the largest
litters were from sows that were
between the ages of three and four
years. Next in importance as a
factor controlling the size of litters
was heredity. Sows that were
selected from prolific families pro¬
duced larger litters than sows from
small families. The third factor in
importance was the feeding and
management practices on the farm
where the sows were kept.

New York L. H. Woodward

New Day lilies

Twenty new daylilies (Hemero-
callis) have been named and intro¬
duced for 1941 by Dr. A. B. Stout
of the New York Botanical Garden,
Since the garden work began with
this genus, 70,000 pedigreed seed¬
lings, it is said, have been grown,
from which some 500 have been
chosen for future breeding and for
critical garden trial. Since 1930,
there have been 28 different horti¬
cultural forms introduced from this
work, to which now must be added
the 20 this season. To mention a
few of the new ones, there is Sachem,
a deep red; Port, small red flower
with greenish-orange throat; Brun¬
ette, the first chocolate-colored day-
lily named at the Garden; Mignon,
smallest of all, with pale yellow
flowers^ and Triumph, with rich
orange coloring.

Photo — G. E. Smith

Members of the Future Farmers Club of Holland Central School, Holland,
N. Y. with a sample of the Spruce trees they’ve been setting out this
Spring. 35,000 in all have been planted , 10,000 on the school grounds and
25,000 on the members’ home farms. The planting, under supervision of
Franklin Strouse (right, front row) instructor in agriculture, consists of
Norway and White Spruce, Scotch, Jack and Red Pine and Cedar.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

37!

Spray your fruit trees and grow¬
ing plants. Whitewash and dis¬
infect your barns, stock pens,
poultry houses, in half the usual
time. Easy working, self strain¬
ing, non-clogging, handles any
spray solution. Oversize brass
air chamber maintains higher,
uniform pressure. Complete with
single or double wheel truck,
extra hose, pipes and nozzle. Sold
subject to 10 days trial and
money-back guarantee.

Write Today.

THE

CAM PBELL-H AUS FELD
COMPANY

201 State Ave., Harrison, Ohio

SLUG SHOT

DUSTING INSECT KILLER

Combined Insecticide-Fungicide
Also Straight ROTENGNE DUSTS

Ground to Micro-Fineness to give better
coverage, killing, and “sticking” power.
Stabilized to give from 3 to 5 times
the toxic life of untreated Rotenone.

SAFE ON ALL CROPS

Recommended for most Truck Crops and
a wide variety of Insects. Meets all
Health Regulations; eliminates danger
of condemnation.

Ask your dealer for Hammond Products.
If he cannot supply, write us. Send for
valuable free Book on Insect Control.

HAMMOND PAINT & CHEMICAL CO.

28 Ferry Street Beacon, New York

mOW MORE, BETTER
VEGETABLES, FLOWERS

w,ToOTOTIi,i|*i-

Once over with ROTOTILLER
prepares ground for plant-
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Vi to 3 acres unexcelled deep seed bed in 8 hours.
Breaks hard sod. Most efficient for cultivating;
used by leading growers. Engineered to highest
automotive standards for years of hard work ; easy
to handle ; fully guaranteed. 1 to 10 h. p . $232 up.
Write for FREE 44-page catalog.

ROTOTILLER, INC., TROY, N. Y., DEPT. G

STANDARD SMALL FARM TRACTORS &

Plow PowerfulGasTractorsforSmallFarms,
Seed ^Gardeners, Florists, Nurseries,

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MowHay\ 1 & 2 Cylinders
and Lawns \ High Wheels, Rubber ot>

StedTires. Walk or Ride.

Do Belt Work —Free Catalog
STANDARD ENGINE CO.

Minneapolis, Minn. New York, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa,
3260 Como Ave. 601-6, West 26 St. 2408 Market St.

5HAWjfc/w-fc/*GAR0EN TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for home gardens, iotil.
try and fruit ranches, estates, areen houses,
mowing parks, etc. Plows, cultivates,
etc. Sizes to 8 H. P. Write for 10 DAY
TRIAL OFFER, LOW PRICES and
FREE CIRCULAR. SHAW MFC. CO.,

4706 FRONT STREET, GALESBURG, KANSAS.

The PEAR

And Its Culture

By H. B. TUKEY

This new hook gives in condensed
form all of the essentials of pear
culture, and will be of interest to
both the amateur and practical
grower. Attractively bound; 125
pages; 10 illustrations. Price $1.25.

For Sale by

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street, New York City

°l

Long Island Potato Tour
June 26-27

The Eighteenth Annual Long
Island Potato Tour will be held on
June 26 and 27. During the- two-day
tour 12 farms will be visited. On
these farms growers will observe
modern equipment for handling
large acreages efficiently, including
tractors, planters, cultivators, grad¬
ers, loaders, sprayers and dusters;
100 acres of potatoes and cauliflower
under irrigation on one farm; two
potato storage houses; a 125-acre
intensively operated vegetable farm,
with 35 acres irrigated, and a modern
packing and loading shed for hand¬
ling mixed vegetables; variety and
seed source demonstrations on farms,
and also one containing 200 potato
seed sources, under supervision of
a local seed grower; potato spray¬
ing and dusting experiments under
state direction; 30 acres of potato
and vegetable experiments on cul¬
ture, disease and insect control, at
the Long Island Vegetable Research
Farm in Riverhead; a pea and lima
bean polisher and grader, and lots
of potatoes in many fields.

Even though the planting season
was late in starting, excellent
weather prevailed during April, and
the result is an early come-up on
Long Island. Stands are generally
very good. Chief varieties planted
are: Green Mountains, Irish Cobb¬
lers, and Chippewas, with smaller
plantings of Wai'ba, Katahdin,
Houma and Earlaine. Sebago is
being planted by several farmers
for the first time this season. It is
estimated that some 50,000 acres of
potatoes are under cultivation this
year.

The tour will leave Mineola from
the parking field in the rear of the
County Police Headquarters, Thurs¬
day morning, June 26, at 9:30 o’clock,
and from the Henry Perkins Hotel,
Riverhead, on Friday morning,
June 27, at 8 o’clock. Requests for
the program should be addressed to
W. G. Been, County Agricultural
Agent, Riverhead, or to H. H.
Campbell, County Agricultural
Agent, Mineola, New York.

Edible Soybeans

Referring to article in the May

17 issue by J. W. W. on soybeans
for human consumption, it is inter¬
esting to note that there are now

18 varieties of edible soybeans
though very few catalogs list them.
The edible soybean is essentially
a warm-season crop, but varieties
are adapted to all sections of the
United States; though in some north¬
ern localities the beans are not able
to ripen seeds owing to the short¬
ness of the season.

The University of Illinois Agri¬
cultural Experiment Station reports
that in sections of Kansas the beans
ripen so rapidly that only about a
week of eating green beans is avail¬
able. Canners in Illinois report good
results, especially in flavor and
tenderness; so no doubt in the near
future we shall be able to find the
canned product in any market.

The edible soybeans are sometimes
called “diabetic foods” because they
contain no starch and are a valuable
addition to the diet because of the
presence of most of the necessary
nutriments.

The Department of Home Eco¬
nomics of the University of Illinois
issued a bulletin giving directions
for cooking the green and dried
beans. The edible soybeans can be
used in soup, croquettes, salads,
cookies, cakes, bread and rolls and
in special diets. In fact there seems
to be no limit to the uses of the
soybean flour.

We planted a row of about 20 feet
of edible soybeans on May 6 and in
10 days the beans began coming
through, though the soil was very
dry when planted and no rain during
the 10 days. As this is our first ex¬
periment with edible soybeans we
shall keep a careful record, not only
in raising, but in our reactions to
the cooked product, if we have any
success.

I hope readers of The Rural New-
Yorker will take more interest in
the edible soybeans which promise
such a fine addition to our items of
food. MRS. h. m. w.

New Jersey

Weed

waste with

Crqp cultivation and motor
lubrication have many mings
in common. If either is a slipshod
job, there’s expensive wastfr. A
weed-choked crop cuts down acre-
yield. A carbon-choked motor piles
up acre-cost . . . And the man v\Uio
safeguards his crops is the man
who safeguards his tractor. \

To such men, 150-hour Veedql
Tractor Oil is offered by a company
that has specialized for 63 years in’
top-quality Pennsylvania lubri¬
cants. This amazing new Veedol
displaces 60- and 75-hour oils in
gasoline powered tractors . . . and
stops oil waste in distillate driven
tractors.

Veedol’s steel-tough “Film of
Protection” resists extreme degrees
of heat and friction. There is less
oxidation . . . less sludge . . . less car¬
bon . . . and less expense for oil, fuel
and repairs.

It will pay you well to test out

a trial 5-gallon pail of 150-hour
Veedol. \You will learn to count
its cost, \ not as an oil expense,
but as auubrication investment.

150-HOUR VEEDOL
cuts costs these 5 ways in
your gasoline tractor

1. Saves Fuel . . . Reduces power “blow
by”, minimizes dilution . . . thus saves
fuel consumption.

2. Saves Oil .\. . In many cases doubles
operating houns between oil refills.

3. Saves Losses . . . Ends time and
money losses frqm needless breakdowns.

4. Saves Repairs . . . Greater resist¬
ance to heat amd friction cuts costly
tractor repairs. \

,5. Saves Tractoas. . . By reducing wear,
assures long, economical tractor life.

here is a Veedol lubricant for every
nfake of truck andxpassenger car! These

Veedol Oils are maae 100% from Brad-
fond- Pennsylvania crude. Veedol greases
ana gear lubricants meet all modern
conditions.

A Product of Tide Water Associated Oil Company

372

The Rural New-Yorker

THE SVS.INESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established isso

I'ublifcbtd Bt-W**kly by tb* Coral robliiblnt Co., Ine. 883 W»t 80th St., Row York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF
John J. Dillon, President.

William P. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretory.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell W. Duck

H. B. Tukey Mrs. E. T. Rotlk

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, 92.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, 81.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“ A SQUARE DEAL”

Our Great Democracy

Part IV

“The accumulation of all powers, legislative,
executive and judicial, in the same hands,
whether of one, a few or many and whether
hereditary, self-appointive or elective, may justly
be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.”

James Madison

HERE are two basic forms of government,
whether for civic, industrial or social
bodies: (1) Democratic, in which control is
supposed to rest with the individual citizen;
(2) Centralized, which includes kingship,
empire, totalitarianism, Fascism, Nazism,
Sovietism, Socialism, Communism, and other
designations all of which mean an hereditary
or self-appointed individual or military group
who control and govern by force and intrigue.

Calvin Coolidge once told a group of farm
leaders as a warning that:

“No form of centralization has ever been
adopted which did not result in bureaucracy,
extravagance, monopoly, autocracy, oppres¬
sion, reaction and decline.”

History bears President Coolidge out in this
all-inclusive statement. Centuries before
Rome was built, the farmers of Rome had a.
simple but efficient democratic government.
They thrived and prospered under it and
successfully defended themselves and their
property from the marauding hordes of Huns.
After the City of Rome was built, farmers
were allured into joining its centralized
government, and soldiers were then sent to
“regiment” and “protect” the people of the
farm. They had formerly done these things
for themselves. Now they paid for it all in
taxes, and soon the once self-reliant, inde¬
pendent farmers became peasants and finally
beggars on the roads to Rome. That history
was made more than 2,500 years ago. It was
less cruel and less diabolical than the con¬
tinued ravishing and slaughter of the people
of a dozen European nations within the last
two years by Hitler’s centralized power.

If Democracies were faithful to their ex¬
pressed principles and ideals, the history of
the world would be different. France adopted
a form of government in 1875 which passed
for a democracy until it was conquered by
Nazi fury a few months ago. It had a short
and simple Constitution which called for a
Senate and an elected Chamber of Deputies,
but the citizen had no inherent right that the
government could not annul, and no court
to which he could appeal for relief from
tyrannical legislation. The Chamber of De¬
puties had in practice authority to change
the laws and the constitution at will. The
French people are by nature individualists.
They are suspicious of their neighbors, of
their allies and of their government. In con¬
sequence they are not proficient in team work.
Some few years back the Socialists and
Communists gained a foothold and control of
the government. Their preparation for de¬
fense was neglected by the interest of some
and the selfish folly of others while their old
enemy was being equipped -for battle and
slaughter. Consequently they had no power
to resist the long prepared mechanism of
the German army. Today they are dominated
by the Nazi regime.

England has a form of Democracy. Its
Parliament is elective with its own chosen
executive who is subjective to removal at any

Tht RURAL NEW-VORKER

time by a vote of “want of confidence” of
his peers. It also has an appointive “House
of Lords” and a King, all of which gives the
English government at least a semblance of
Royalty. And yet the English people have in
some respects contributed to the rise of a form
of democracy.

The American form of democracy is ex¬
pressed and implied in the Declaration of
Independence and in the Constitution of the
United States. The first has been described
as the soul of our system and the Constitu¬
tion as the body of it. In our next installment
of this discussion we will try to make plain
wherein our great basic system differs from
that of France and England, and why we are
not receiving the full benefits of it.

Safeway Stores in New York

I WAS very much interested in the recent
news story that Safeway Stores contem¬
plate buying the Daniel Reeves chain of
grocery stores in New York City. If this deal
goes through, Safeway will find there are no
retail price-fixing rules here in our milk
markets and they should therefore be able
to adopt the successful system of milk dis¬
tribution which they have bulit up on the
West Coast, with resulting higher prices to
dairymen. The October, 1940 issue of Fortune
Magazine carries a success story on the entry
of the Safeway Stores chain into the milk
business. Here is what Fortune says:

“Nothing has gained Safeway more
fame than its handling of milk and dairy
products. Readers of Fortune’s study of
the milk industry (November, 1939) will
recall that the company is making far
more money on milk than it thinks pro¬
per because it is bound either by price¬
fixing laws or by a propaganda that in¬
terprets any attempt to reduce retail
prices as working toward lower payments
to farmers. The profits made by some of
the Lucerne Cream and Butter Com¬
pany’s plants are fabulous; Lucerne,
which accounts for about 1 per cent of
the company’s investment in subsidiaries,
earned some 4 per cent of the profits
last year. It operates fluid-milk plants
in Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Oak¬
land, Los Angeles, and Washington, D. C.
(where no Lucerne plant exists, stores
buy milk from local distributors), and
all it wants is a quarter of a cent a quart
profit at the plant (and Safeway feels
that a cent a quart store profit is ample
on this fast-moving item). In Portland,
however, Lucerne buys at less than 5
cents, spends less than 2 cents on bottling
and delivery, but must charge Safeway
Stores 9 cents. In Seattle the spread is
somewhat greater. In Washington, D. C.,
where Lucerne recently opened a $400,000
creamery, it pays 7.5 cents, delivers it
to the stores for 9.75 cents — which means
the Safeway Stores could sell top grade
for 11 cents, or 2 cents less than the
current price. In Washington the retail
price is not regulated, but for reasons
previously indicated, it is unlikely that
the company will shoot the works right
away. The secret of Lucerne’s opera¬
tions is simply one of high plant efficien¬
cy and low handling costs; almost any
well-run dairy, if it distributed as
Lucerne does, could show the same
results.

The most astonishing case of all is the
Hanford, California, evaporated - milk
plant, which pays farmers more than
competitors, retails for less than its
competitors, but last year nevertheless
earned 132 per cent on the physical value
of the plant ($82,000). Just as astonish¬
ing is the way it grew. Instead of pay¬
ing “as little as we can/’ the rule in
buying factory milk, Mr. Sneed (Presi¬
dent of Lucerne) paid the most he could
and announced the price in advance.

This brought the farmers on the run and
insured the volume that he needed to
keep operation efficient. Having installed
the most modern canning facilities, Mr.
Sneed kept the plant at full blast. Finally
the price policy was modified when it
became apparent that farmer co-ops
were embarrassed by their inability to
compete. And Lucerne finds itself
currently balked in any attempt to re¬
duce its outlandish profits; to pay more
for milk would upset the business of the
farmers’ creameries. To reduce retail
prices would antagonize other operators,
who might then reduce prices to the
producers.” — (Italics ours).

New York J. R.

The operations of Safeway Stores in the
milk business have caused favorable comment
from those genuinely interested in cutting out
the extravagances and waste in the present
system of milk distribution in our New York
markets. There is certainly a real opportunity
for Safeway to prove its reputation. If they do,
they will be rendering a real service to the
industry.

June 14, 1941

What Farmers Say

BEST HEARTS ON RAW MILK

I was interested in the following Associated
Press dispatch from Seattle last June because I
was made sick by drinking pasteurized milk.

“A diet of raw milk built better looking hearts
than pasteurized milk, in growing rats, the Ameri¬
can Association for the Advancement of Science
was told today.

Several other internal organs also apparently
developed better on raw than pasteurized milk
in this experiment, which was reported by Alice
M. Bahrs and Rosalind Wulzen of Oregon State
College.

The animals were fed good diets, the only
difference being in the kind of milk. Those with
raw milk had better weight than those with
pasteurized.

This gain was small, but it was so definite that
the Oregon women dissected the animals to see
if they could learn why. They discovered what
they termed milk injuries to internal organs in
the pasteurized-fed animals.

The hearts of the latter had a slightly flabby
appearance compared with the raw milk drink¬
ers. There were small areas where the heart
tissues were not as good as in the other animals.

The adrenal glands of the pasteurized milk
animals were paler in color and had small areas
of apparent atrophy. The livers were paler. The
skeletal muscles, which are those that attach by
either one or both end to bones, were likewise
paler.

There were no symptoms of illness due to these
changes in the pasteurized milk-fed animals, but
the experiment appeared to show a difference
in development.”

I request that you publish it.

New Jersey N. H. Perry

Thank you for the article in your April 19
issue on the farm employment problem. As I
see it, the leaders of labor are becoming too
strong and dictatorial in their demands. To be
sure, labor has its rights and organized labor
has its proper place, but all this can be carried
too far.

Our farm boys can be drafted for military
service to help defend our rights in battle if need
be, for a very small compensation; while the
workers in factories are receiving several times
as much in cash, and still have the privilege of
enjoying their home life with all its comforts
and associations and then go out on strike! They
do so more to please or follow the dictates of
those higher up in organized labor than to follow
their own preferences in many instances. In the
army they would be considered as deserters and
dealt with accordingly, but in private life they
are tolerated and allowed to hold up urgently
needed munitions and war material. c.

New York

FROM GRANDFATHER TO GRANDSON

Just how long are we supposed to take this
good old Rural New-Yorker before we become
veterans? I am 65 and over. My dear old grand¬
father, located at Door Village, Ind., used to read
it to me before I could understand it. His name
v/as Morgan L. Brinck. He would put up the
team and walk two miles every Friday afternoon
at 3:30 to the Post Office to get The Rural New-
Yorker. I have taken it for 30 to 40 years and
I surely do enjoy it. Lewis N. Place

Wilmette, Ill.

You may be interested to know that the sound
common sense of your paper has made a deep
appeal not only to me but to two other New
York High School teachers who subscribed to it
after I had brought it to their attention.

A paper that accepts the “old-fashioned”
virtues as normal gives one renewed faith in
these troubled times. Ruth M. Barrners

New City, N. Y.

It did my heart good when I read in the issue
of April 19 your editorial on “Foreign War and
Civil Rebellion.” I want to thank you for not
being afraid to say what you believe. Best wishes
to you. Perley G. Ferry

New York

Brevities

“Thy statutes have been my songs in the house
of my pilgrimage.” Psa. 119:54.

Great Britain exported 8,907,000 square yards
of wool cloth during the first three months of
this year.

Pennsylvania’s income from turkeys last year
amounted to $3,236,000, or about $500,000 more
than in 1939.

The last census shows that the average size
of farms is 174 acres, an increase of 17 acres
during the decade.

A grange chorus of 3,000 voices will be a feature
of the Eastern States Exposition, Springfield,
Mass., September, 14-20.

The Petroleum Institute reports the average
number of motor vehicles in use in 1940 at
29,6915,000, consuming 22,032,654,000 gallons of
motor fuel.

Ohio State University finds that to secure the
best protein content, alfalfa cutting should be
well under way at half-bloom stage, and com¬
pleted at full bloom. In the absence of bloom,
cut as soon as any of the lower leaves turn
yellow and fall.

Vht rural NEW-YORKER

373

Illegal Traffic in Foods

SPEEDING up its anti-monopoly drive
directed particularly against distributors
and processors of foods, indictments have just
been obtained from two Federal Grand Juries
in California against 194 corporations and
individuals, all of them charged with price¬
fixing and monopolistic control.

The indictments include every major can¬
nery in the rich Central Valley fruit and
vegetable fields, the dried fruit industry,
processors and marketers of rice that comes
from Northern California fields, the dried
milk industry, and the sardine industry.

The companies accused in the milk indict¬
ment were the Borden Company, Carnation
Milk Products Company, Pet Milk Company,
Nestle Company, Sego Milk Products Com¬
pany, and Libby McNeil & Libby. The
charges include selling the same milk under
different labels at different prices and
simultaneous raising of dried milk prices.

Mr. Thurman Arnold, Assistant Attorney
General in charge of these cases, has an¬
nounced that there are now 14 indictments
filed against the food industry and that 40
such indictments are probable by July 1. His
declared purpose in this program is to raise
prices to farmers and at the same time to
reduce prices to consumers by cutting
monopolistic profits of processors and dis¬
tributors.

None will deny, except those criminally
charged, that there is a food monopoly in
the United States which is gnawing both at
the physical and political vitals of this
country. It is a particularly vicious combine
in that its domination controls the basic
necessities of life. The farmer must grow to
survive and the consumer must eat to sur¬
vive. The majority of food processing and
distributing concerns have taken unfair and
selfish advantage of both these necessities by
buying from the farmer at the lowest price
and selling to the consumer at the highest
price. The inevitable result of these practices
is showing itself more clearly every day — the
farmer, whether he be in wheat, corn, tobacco,
hogs or milk, is being reduced to a state of
peasantry while millions of consumers,
children and babies principally, are deprived
of their most vital nourishments because they
cannot afford to pay the price. No more in¬
equitable distribution can be found than
exists in the products of Mother Earth and
it is this country’s worst scandal that in the
midst of plenty there is want and that traffic
in human lives has been so frivolously and
arrogantly dealt in for the past half century.

What has aggravated an already tragic
situation is the" power wielded by these food
monopolies in concentrating on the passage
of laws and rules and spurious health regu¬
lations, all to their own special advantage.
They have gone into high places, hobnobbed
with “the powers that be,” made themselves
indispensible to politician^ and have thus
crept under the protecting arm of the law. As
a result, the producer and the consumer,
millions in number but few in organization,
have found themselves vainly bucking a small
organized group, and when they have at¬
tempted to challenge this opposition they
have been either charged as criminals or
choked with subsidies which are wrong in
principle and at best only temporary.

There is, therefore, imperative need for the
government’s present campaign to loose the
vise of this food monopoly. There is also im¬
perative need for this monopoly to be publicly
exposed and permanently broken if we are to
survive as a democracy with liberty for all.
It is vitally necessary that Mr. Arnold waste
no time in getting convictions as charged in
these indictments.

Even more imperative is the need to es¬
tablish a fair and equitable system of food
distribution to take the place of the present
system which must vei'y soon be discarded.
The initiative for such a movement rests
logically on the food producers and we know
that the farmers of America will willingly
and honestly rise to a full realization of their
responsibilities as soon as the government,
which originally encouraged monopoly and
throttled the farmer, breaks that same mono¬
poly and frees the farmer.

Two Good Jobs Well Done

THE attempt of the Big-3 to force a dealer-
controlled equalization pool into the
Connecticut Milk Control Law, patterned
after the Federal Order set-up in New York,
was decisively defeated in the closing days
of the State Legislature at Hartford. Full
credit for this result must go to a small group
of energetic Connecticut dairymen who, with
little time and less resources, literally blasted
their way into the halls of the Capitol and
insisted upon being heard in defense of their
rights as free men.

Organized as The Dairy Farmers’ Emer¬
gency Association on April 27, membership
grew close to 1,000, all farmers, who kept
the fight going solely by voluntary contribu¬
tions. The Association focussed its principal
attack on the proposed equalization pool and
on a tax of one-half cent to be assessed against
producers to pay for the alleged extra cost
of milk' control administration. On these two
issues a complete victory has been won.
Equalization is dead and the one-half cent
tax was voted down.

This active participation of dairymen in
state legislative matters has our full support.
Until state officials and lawmakers are brought
face to face with the cold fact that farmers
are insisting upon proper representation and
adequate recognition, nothing will be done for
them. They have to take up the cudgels
themselves. The Dairy Farmers’ Emergency
Association of Connecticut has proven that it
can be done and done successfully. The lead¬
ers of this organization and the men who
made it possible for the leaders to champion
their cause, deserve credit for the results
achieved, and for the encouragement and
spark which their success cannot but fail to
give to dairymen in other localities.

The United Dairy Farmers of Flint,
Michigan, have come out victorious in their
fight against the Flint milk dealers. A con¬
tract signed early this month guarantees to
dairymen a flat price per cwt. for all their
milk, to be determined periodically and an¬
nounced in advance of any deliveries. The
present flat price has been agreed upon at
$2.15 a cwt.

This settlement marks the end of negotia¬
tions that had been going on for over three
weeks during which time farmers held
their milk.

George W. Sisson, Jr.

EORGE W. SISSON, Jr., of Potsdam,
N. Y., received a personal tribute of
respect and honor from his fellow members
of the State Jersey Cattle Club on the even¬
ing of Memorial Day in Geneva, N. Y. The
tribute was expressed in a testimonial dinner
to Mr. Sisson attended by 150 Jersey breeders
as a tribute to an outstanding member and
as an acknowledgement of his services to the
club, both personally and as a successful
breeder.

Mr. Sisson’s herd was founded in 1889.
Now his breeding stock is used wffierever
better Jerseys are bred. His bulls have won
nine medals and his cows have won 101 silver
and gold medals.

Good will messages from friends through¬
out the whole country were presented to Mr.
Sisson in a handsomely bound volume. One
friend wrote that while Mr. Sisson was a man
of many activities, he always took time to
help others, no matter how humble or poor
the recipient of his favor might be. Knowing
this to be true, we feel that no finer or more
merited tribute could be paid to this out¬
standing American citizen.

“To the States, or any one of them, or any
city of the States,

Resist much, obey little;

Once unquestioning obedience, once fully
enslaved;

Once fully enslaved, no nation, state, city
of this earth,

Ever afterward resumes its liberty.”

Walt Whitman.

R. CATTLEY, Ogdensburg, N. Y. has
suggested that it would be a good thing
for all of us to commit the above lines to
memory. We are glad to endorse the sugges¬
tion. It is another way of saying, be watch¬
ful of our rights and liberties, if we hope to
preserve our freedom and justice.

What Doth it Profit a Man?

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power.
And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave.
Await alike the inevitable hour.

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

Gray

ILLIAM II, who became King of Prussia
and Emperor of Germany in 1888, was
born in 1859. In 1914, he started the first
World War. Meanwhile he had drawn mental
pictures of himself as ruler of the world. In
1918 the German people were on the brink
of starvation, the government was bankrupt
and the army collapsed. The war was over.
Grudgingly he was first forced to give up his
crown and then fled with 200 bags of gold to
Holland where he was given refuge as an
exile. There were rumors of his ambition to
return to Germany and attempt to regain
leadership, but instead he submitted to the
ravages of time and age. He died last week
at the age of 82 and was buried in an exile’s
grave at Doom, Holland.

From youth to age, there was nothing in
his character to admire or to love. He was
so anxious to succeed to his father’s chair
that he fretted at the delay and did not at¬
tempt to disguise his satisfaction at his father’s
death. He drove his mother out of Germany
and humiliated the man who had created his
Empire — Bismarck. At the end of his power
he had no friends in Germany and was gener¬
ally distrusted and condemned by the German
people. Kaiser William II had a selfish am¬
bition and a lure for power that cost the
people of Germany untold suffering, millions
of maimed bodies and countless lives.

What was there in such a career and in such
an end to cause Adolf Hitler to emulate such
a character and such a life? In comparison,
how happy and peaceful must be the man,
who, unsullidd by ambition or power, reaches
the end without guilt of blood on his hands
soul!

In the Record

N May 22, we filed a statement proposing
amendments to Federal Milk Order No.
27 in compliance with an invitation of the
Federal Secretary of Agriculture. Through
Hon. O. M. Reed, Chief of the Dairy Division,
we have been informed that the statement
has been included as a part of the record.

The substance of the proposed amendment
has been urged in this paper for many years.
It provides for a price based on the cost of
production and a reasonable profit. It is in
harmony with the spirit of the suggestions
made by Owen D. Young in a recent inter¬
view and with his eloquent appeal for
economic and social justice in the distribution
of milk.

ifSeven Decades of Milk 99

“Seven Decades of Milk” by John J. Dillon
depicts conditions of the milk industry in the
New York milkshed so accurately that it should
be in every dairy farm home and in every school
and library in the United States of America.

My recollection and experiences during recent
years confirm the accuracy of this history which
Mr. Dillon explains in a conservative and re¬
spectful way. His remarks on health depart¬
ments are moderate when compared with re¬
cent conditions on grades of milk.

This history is a valuable work. Every pro¬
ducer and consumer of milk should read it if
they want to understand the real problem of
the milk business and what the farmer is work¬
ing for in his fight for cooperation and justice.

New York Fred M. Jones

I want a copy of your autographed milk book
to give to my son who is working on a farm and
looking forward to a great day when he will
have a small place of his own.

New Jersey Mrs. V. H. Burns

I have read your milk history “Seven Decades
of Milk” with much interest and much profit.
I do not see how you could have left out any
of it and still tell the story. You have told the
absolute truth backed up with evidence.

New York George M. More

This book written by you is a masterpiece. I
do not know of anyone more well versed and
capable of writing a book than you. I hope you
are in the best of health and that the Lord may
spare you to keep up your untiring fight for
justice in the milk business. g. j. w.

Send me your book “Seven Decades of Milk”
and I shall be glad to have an autographed copy.
I imagine I will be quoting from the book at
public hearings at our State Capitol. m. b.
Connecticut

374

fht RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 14, 1941

Why pastured animals
require

PLENTY O/ SALT

•j^jANY A FARMER has wondered why
his animals do not thrive on good,
fresh summer pasture, after a winter of
dried feeds. The answer is, usually— lack of
salt. Most prepared feeds used in winter
contain added salt. The green pasture,
otherwise so healthful, does not contain
all the salt that farm animals need.

You can make more money from Inter¬
national’s Sterling brands of farm salt than
practically anything else bought for profit
on the farm. Salt costs so little and does
so much. The best way to profit from it is
to keep salt before farm animals at all
times. Unless they are salt-starved, they
will not eat too much. Unless they have
free access to salt, it is certain that they
will not get enough.

Learn the facts about the profits in Ster¬
ling brands of farm salt. Correct, authori¬
tative information on how to use salt for
profit on the farm and in the farm kitchen
has been collected by the Research Depart¬
ment of International Salt Company, In¬
corporated. This is now gathered in the
book, "White Gold for the Farmer’s
Profit.” Write for a free copy.

INTERNATIONAL SALT COMPANY
INCORPORATED
Scranton, Pennsylvania

PROFIT MAKERS.

Two of International’s
popular Sterling brands
of farm salt are illus¬
trated. Ask for Ster¬
ling brands for quality
and better farm profit.

TABLE SALT. por good taste,
use Sterling steam-sterilized
table salt in the 1 lb. 8 oz.
square carton with metal pour¬
ing spout on the side, 54. Also
the larger 2 lb. round and
3 lb. square cartons, at 104.

FREE BOOK. Facts

— backed

by studies of leading agri¬
cultural experiment stations
—make this a valuable book
for farmers. Write for a free
copy of the book, "White Gold
for the Parmer’s Profit,’’

Live Stock and Dairy

The Milk Goat has its Place in
Our Livestock Industry

J. C. Marquardt

The dairy goat has had
its place in the European
Livestock Industry for
many years. Here it is
just getting started. In
spite of the fact that
the goat has been a
favorite topic with our
humorists, it has and will continue
to be. a great aid to people with
limited means. The situation here
is comparable to European con¬
ditions where the goat supplies low
cost food to millions of people.

Information for the casual reader
and to the prospective goat owner
is presented to clarify some common
misconceptions in regard to goats.
Basic knowledge concerning goats is
presented in U. S. Farmers Bulletin
No. 920 published by the Depart¬
ment of Agriculture at Washington.
Extension Bulletin No. 414 of Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y. also con¬
tains detailed information regarding
dairy goats. This publication is in
its second edition.

Pioneers in goat husbandry are
breeders interested in improving the
goat industry in America. Breeding
programs, production records, and
even proved sires are used by these
leaders in a noteworthy endeavor
to bring the production and general
level of our goats to those of Switzer¬
land and England.

The first question which comes to
our attention is in regard to goat
dairies. What is a goat dairy? A
goat dairy is one that has been in¬
spected and approved by the state
and local authorities to distribute
milk. Such a dairy should have a
rather constant supply of milk and
a fairly good volume. Unfortunately
most goat dairies fluctuate widely in

their daily output. Then there is
also the problem of getting pro¬
duction up to 30 or more quarts daily.
Goat dairies must meet certain
standards in regard to freedom from
disease, physical equipment, and
sanitary conditions to produce a
healthful product and like matters.

In regard to goat dairies it must
be remembered that there are only
a few in our state. It must also be
remembered that among these are
some of the finest dairies in the state.

Between the authorized goat dairy
and the goat owner who produces
milk only for his own use, there are
numerous people who sell goat’s
milk. The range of their sales is
from 1 to 5 quarts daily. These
places cannot be regarded as goat
dairies as they are generally not
supervised or adequately equipped
to distribute milk. Their milk supply
is generally not distributed by the
producer, but called for by the pur-
chaser

The' individual goat owner, in¬
terested only in a milk supply for
his family, constitutes the important
branch in the _ goat industry,
as comparatively little goat’s milk
reaches the channels of commercial
distribution.

A question of importance in the
goat industry deals with the pasteuri¬
zation of milk. Scientific findings in
our country and elsewhere have
established the desirability of
pasteurizing milk. Persons who dew

fend raw milk support a defeated
cause. For example, the physician
who still recommends raw milk
frequently rules that it should be
heat treated before using. Such

treatment actually alters the physi¬
cal properties of milk markedly.
Pasteurization does not change sig¬
nificantly any of the common physi¬
cal properties of milk. The majority
of consumers cannot distinguish be¬

tween raw and pasteurized milk.
Pasteurization aids greatly in supply¬
ing a safe product.

However, pasteurizing goat’s milk
is still a problem. Equipment avail¬
able is not suitable for pasteurizing
small volumes of milk. Cost of
equipment for small volumes does

not permit the goat
owner to purchase it.

Small supplies of milk,
cow or goat milk, for
home use can be pas¬
teurized in a double
boiler. A thermometer
is needed and when the
milk reaches a temperature of 155
degrees Fahrenheit it is poured into
clean bottles and gradually cooled
by placing in water. If convenient,
it is desirable to complete the cool¬

ing in ice water. This is adequate
for a home milk supply. It cannot
be recommended and it is not prac¬
tical for milk that is to be distributed.
The temperature of 155 degrees
Fahrenheit with the time required
to reach it, is adequate to meet the
pasteurization standards. The double
boiler procedure, primitive as it may
appear, has assured many persons
of a safe milk when pasteurized
commercial milk is not available.

Why do people drink goat’s milk?
In the first place it is a supply of
excellent food for persons who pro¬
duce it at a low cost for their own
use. Secondly, many people like
goat’s milk.

Infant feeding and for invalids
constitute important usages for goat’s
milk. That is one reason why the
cost appears somewhat high for the
milk supplied by authorized goat
dairies. It must be remembered that
these places maintain sanitary con¬
ditions which automatically increase
the cost to the consumer.

The benefits of goat’s milk for
infants and invalids are well under¬
stood by many doctors and sani¬
tarium managers. Goat’s milk is a
very effective means of combating
certain types of infant eczema. It
is not necessary to dwell upon this
well established point.

Goat keeping is not limited to
persons with restricted capital. All
classes of people are interested in
goats. Senators, clergyman, industri¬
alists, judges, doctors and writers
are all included on the roster of
goat breeders. Mrs. Carl Sandburg,
wife of the American writer, is
among the leaders sponsoring better

? ->

/' ... <

Goat dairying is slowly but definitely developing in our country. Sever
excellent certified goat dairies exist in New York State.

The type of animals that are being used to improve milk goats in

New York State.

Inside View of a Goat Barn at a High Type Goat Dairy.

77* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Jr’notos — f. a. uaKiey, ueneva, in. x.

George Sisson, Jr., Potsdam, N. Y., “ Dean of Jersey breeders” with his three-
year old champion and grand champion of the New York State Jersey

Cattle Club show at Geneva, N. Y.

goats for America. In our own state
Mrs. H. H. Coit is rendering a great
service in producing better goats and
better milk. Her matrons at Meadow
Ridge Farm, Derby, N. Y. are a
credit to this industry.

The goat industry in America
supports three excellent journals de¬
voted to goat breeders problems.
Goat breeders societies and clubs are
well organized and progressive. The
New York State Goat Breeders
Association has much to its credit.
It sponsored the first Goat Milk
Scoring Contest which in seven years
has grown into a national com¬
petition.

For years Experiment Stations
have gathered information on breed¬
ing and feeding goats. The milk it¬
self has been an item for extensive
study. Goat diseases of which in¬
ternal parasites and pneumonia are
most important are being studied at
our veterinary colleges.

The Cornell Bulletin previously
referred to lists the goat societies in
this state and also the national
associations. The publication also
lists bulletins, books, and periodicals
on goats.

Prof. H. A. Willman, Dept, of
Animal Husbandry, Cornell Univer¬
sity, Ithaca, N. Y. can supply infor¬
mation desired in regard to 4-H
Club goat projects.

Cornell Extension Bulletin No. 414
also gives good counsel to prospective
goat owners. It has a section on
goat diseases and poisonous plants.
This publication also contains note¬
worthy information on production,
making goat’s milk cheese and like
matters.

It has been the purpose of this
article to set forth information that
will supply a demand for a better
understanding of the goat industry
in our country. To those who desire
additional information the publica¬
tions cited at the beginning ade¬
quately supply the need for com¬
prehensive information.

Henry, North Chili; secretary, A. C.
Dahlberg, Geneva. Members of the
Board of Managers are John Luch-
singer, Syracuse', E. A. Beckwith,
Ludlowville; Ronald Bree, Meredith;
Lee Chamberlain, Wyoming; Edmond
Butler, Chester and J. Howard Kidd,
Jr., Webster.

GEORGE W. SISSON, JR. HONORED

Some 150 Jersey breeders paid
tribute to one of their outstanding
members, George W. Sisson, Jr., of
Potsdam at a dinner sponsored by
the N. Y. State Jersey Cattle Club.
Mr. Sisson had much to do with the
development of the Jersey herd at
the State Experiment Station. In
1903 he sold the Station its first
purebred bull calf and two others
have followed from his herd. Mr.
Sisson’s herd of Jersey cows was
founded in 1889 and its breeding
stock has been used wherever better
Jerseys are bred. His bulls have
qualified for nine medals and his
cows for 101 silver and gold medals.
Mr. Sisson joined the American
Jersey Cattle Club in 1893 and has
attended every meeting of the or¬
ganization since 1894. He introduced
the resolution adopting the official
testing of cows for production and
he served on the committee that
drew up the score card for Jerseys.
He served as director of the club
for 21 years and was president for
three years. p. b. o.

DOGS

REGISTERED

and non-registered English Shep¬
herd puppies from natural heelers

and good watch dogs. HIRAM LOUCKS. BERLIN
HEIGHTS, OHIO. Formerly Vermilion

^ I I ICC Sable; excellent breeding; all
^ 1 & ^ ages, SIS. 00 up. COL’LOVER
KENNELS, 1808 East Erlo Blvd., Syracuse, New York

T~ UTREBRED COCKE I.' FIIPS AND DOGS.
a~ Non-Kegistered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLOS, NEW YORK

PTTPPIF S A11 breeds, shipped anywhere. Free
1 O X I 1 L, O details. Book 104 photos recognized
breeds described. 25c. ROYAL, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding Instinct,
make heel -driver*, beauties. Wllmot. East Thetford, Vt.

Jersey Cattle Club Sale

Great Dane Pups

Reg. $35. up. Time payments.

FARM HOLM. New Paltz. N. Y.

The annual sale sponsored by the
New York State Jersey Cattle Club
was held at the State Experiment
Station at Geneva early this month
and attracted some 500 persons from
throughout the State. Forty head
of blue ribbon cattle were consigned
to the sale which totaled $6,095.

The grand champion and champion
of the show held prior to the sale
was Heir’s Designed Valentine, con¬
signed by George W. Sisson, Jr., of
Potsdam. The reserve champion wps
a Jersey consigned by Mello Jergens
of Meredith, known as Potentate
Flashy Fairy.

The largest single purchase was
made by Hugh Dilman of West Palm
Beach, Florida, who paid $825 for
three fine cows from the Sisson con¬
signment. The average price paid
at the sale was $190 a head for
three year olds, $166 for two year
olds and $160 for four year olds.
Two calves born during the sale
brought $50.

Officers of the club are: President,
H. C. Andrews, Waterloo; first vice-
president, F. M. Collins, Mannsville;
second vice-president, George Waits,
Williamsville; treasurer, William J.

RELIABLE SHEPHERDS S;6n.T.
Reg. Collies— Beagles ^rHas.i^r^°trK

fftl I ICC Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

LULL1LJ TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

For Sale purebred English Shepherd pups males $10.
females $5. B. FALKE. FAIRPORT. NEW YORK

Cocker Pups

Ped. Sired by prize winner. $25 up.

N. C. Wallace. New Berlin, N. Y.

Handsome Wire Hair Terriers males $10. females $6.
Sat, Guar. Elm View Kennels, St. Albans. Vermont.

MINKS

High Grade Extra Quality prolific strain. Your
now will give you the finest selection of 2000 m
pick from. Write or call and inspect our

TACONIC HILLS MINK RANCH, Steve White
_ Putnam Valley. Peekskill, New York

GOATS ~

order
ink to
ranch.

Mgr.

O II O I C E
PUREBRED TOGGENBURG

Buck and Doe Kids from long lactation Advance
Registry Docs. Imported Mor blood lines.

WHITNEY, TOWACO. NEW JERSEY

SxkRo^co*AT,vJOtJ,RNAL- De|)t ,67- FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly magazine crammed with help-
tul intormatiou. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

MILK GOATS ToR!!ent,'‘ri< ar,d Saanens. sold on ap-

miLiv ounlj proval Pony Farm Himrt)d N ^

CUT YOUR MILKING
TIME IN HALF/

^ Leading dairymen say EMPIRE milks faster,
™ with less help . . . gets more milk. EMPIRE is
modeled after the natural action of a calf. Each
cow receives a comfortable, normal milking. So
easy to dead and easy to use a
1 2-year-old child can do your
milking. SEND POSTAL for facts
on EMPIRE performance. Ad¬
dress Dept C-9.

EMPIRE MILKING MACHINE CO.

West Chester, Pa. • 153 Brook St., Etgln.KI.

EMPIRE

MLllking ]M.acliines

| ABERPEEN-ANGUS .*7"|

CREMONA FARM
ABERDEEN - ANGUS CATTLE

Breeders of the 1940 International Grand
Champion bull, now in service in our herd:
Young bulls and open females for sale
at Reasonable prices.

Accredited for Bang’s and T. B.
Write

B. A. RUCKER, Jr., Mgr. Mechanicsville, Md.
BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- An^uj beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -An^ua Breeders' Association. Col¬
lege Park, Md., or Eastern Aberdeen -Angus Breederr
Association, Ithaca, New York.

FOR SALE

One Aberdeen-Angus Bull, 12
registered Dorset rams, two fine
saddle horses, six very large bred Guernsey heifers, one
young Guernsey bull ready for service. Approved herd,

JAMES S. MORSE. LEVANNA, NEW YORK

| .% GUERNSEYS |

CORNWALL HILL FARM
Patterson, New York

Owner of two State Champions.

Offers for sale, at reasonable prices, two
young bulls, one out of a State Champion.

Also a few bull calves of similar
breeding.

If interested write or call us.

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

350 HEAD— Accredited. Negative. Bulls from proved
sires and high record dams. Reasonably priced. Also a
few heifer calves. Write for pedigrees and full particu¬
lars. Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS. SMITHVILLE, FLATS, N. Y.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS

DELHI - NEW YORK

Otters for sale at reasonable prices registered
Guernseys. 3 young registered cows due in July;
2 yearlings; 5 bred and ready to bred heifers.
If interested write at once for further particulars.

SPRING FARM GUERNSEYS

Some bred and open heifers of butterfat breeding, for
sale at reasonable prices. The herd is accredited and
bloodtested. Apply to THOMAS JOHNSON, Manager,
TILLY FOSTER. NEW YORK

• FOR SALE - GUERNSEYS*

We have many fine bull calve3 that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS, AUGUSTA, SUSSEX CO., NEW JERSEY

IFRSFYS

Called to service, must sacrifice six registered Jersey
heifers four fresh two in August T. B. blood tested.
Price $135. V. KOLVIG, Box 141, Woodbourne, N. Y.

FOR SALE - JERSEY COWS

A few very choice registered and bred heifers. Herd
free from T.B. and Bangs. For further information

phone or write HALCYON FARMS, Goshen, N. Y.

.% HEREFORDS

FOR EASY FEEDING HEREFORDS

See these cows, heifers, and bulls we have for sale.
They are all ages. Must be seen for appreciation.

HOLCOMB HEREFORD FARMS, Holcomb, New York
John E. Redman Owner; Robert J. Genevaux, Mgr.

HEREFORD— STOCKERS— F EEDERS

Stock calves and yearlings.

mckinley & clark. kinsman. ohio

Registered Hereford Bulls Ppo?iSedn

WEST ACRES FARMS. New Lebanon, New York

AY RSHIRES

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
with stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.
96 Center Street, Brandon. Vermont

DAIRY CATTLE

r.l.,.. WANTED one to two weeks old.
neuer LalVcS Bloodtested herd only. ADVER¬
TISER 1795. care Rural New-Yorker.

HOLSTEINS

ENTIRE HERD OF HOLSTEINS

28 head of well bred high class young animals. Unreg¬
istered but of full blood. Healthy. All females bred
and raised on farm.

V. GIALL0M8ARD0, VALENCIA, PENNSYLVANIA

SHORTHORNS

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

With World's Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world's records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce 4% milk economical¬
ly. have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months 50c; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORTHORN SOCIETY. Dept. F-2. CHICAGO, ILL.

| RABBITS

RAISE RABBITS

A Profitable Industry. Our Association Book of 64
pages gives all details — 10c. A. WEYGANOT. Sect’y
American Rabbit and Cavy Breeders Association,
Dept. G-6. Chicago, Illinois

375

HORSES and PONIES

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — /WARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans

AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

THREE FOR PRICE OF ONE

Blocky bay Belgian mare 6 years; weight 1406; good
worker every where kind, fine disposition regular breed¬
er good mother has horse colt by side. Born May 1st.
Mare is bred back to registered Belgian ton stud and
believed safely in foal again both mare and colt are
sound and price is $225.00 delivered price includes all
service fees. EARL WHITE, Village Farm, Arcade,
New York. Phone 49-R

BELGIAN HORSES

Pure breds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
iraised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI, WEST TAGHKANIC. N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82. Near
Lake Taghkanic State Park. 10 miles S. E. of Hudson.

FOR SALE - REGISTERED BELGIANS

Mares, colts and fillies. Also Imp. Stallion and three
mares. 1940 champions in the leading eastern shows.
Priced very reasonable. IDEAL GUERNSEY FARMS,
Augusta. Sussex County. New Jersey

For Sale— HORSES • BELGIANS • PERCHERONS

other work horses. Also saddle stock and unbroken
colt. Description and pictures on request. Phone 646R4
Island Farm, Center Bridge, P. 0. New Hope. Pa.

BELGIAN STALLION LV^f^fea^ MdL

Weight 2000 lbs. Bred in Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

ASH GROVE FARMS. SARATOGA SPRINGS, N, Y.

Morgan & Shetland Ponies

Young stock for sale; also broken ronies suitable for

children. TORREYA FARM, Millbrook, N. Y.

SWINE

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1035

Top Quality Young Feeders

6 Weeks Old $5.00 each.

7-8 Weeks Old $5.25 each.

Berkshire and O. I. C. Chester and Yorkshire. Shipped
C. O. D. Our guarantee: — A square deal at all times.

Pioc ond <\hnote 11131 eat- llve and grow. Mostly P.
I lgS dllu JllUdla Chinas and Berks, some Durocs,
Chesters and Hamps.. 6 to 8 weeks $4.50; Shoats, 30
lbs.. $5.50: 40 lbs. $6.50; each. State second

choice. Serum vaccinated, castrated, crated; F.O.B ex¬
press here, to all points in N.Y., N. J., Pa., or Conn
Unrelated breeders $1 each extra. Money back guar¬
antee to satisfy on arrival. Express 50c on pigs to $1
on shoats. For big hogs next Winter order now from—
C. STANLEY SHORT, CHESWOLD, DEL.

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

quality.

Thrifty, rugged stock of exceptional

Berkshire and Chester crossed or > _ ,

Yorkshire and Chester crossed . 8 weeks old $4.50
Chester Whites $5.00 each. All orders carefully filled.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 7-8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites. Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs da
not please you return them at my expense.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished

AYRLAWN FARMS. BETHESDA, MARYLAND

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D ; F. O. B. Woburn. Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St.. WOBURN. MASS.

Piirnhrnri Rorlcchiroc or female. 3 months old.

lUILUieU Del KMllIcS weU grown, breeding stock.

vaccinated for hog cholera and hemorragic septicemia
$15.00 each with papers. F. O. B. Hyde Park. Write

FRANK SILVERNAIL, Supt., Hyde Park. New York

For Sale Hampshire Pigs $25.00 fkwn0

excellent fall boars. Also a few fine sows and gilts

Ideal Guernsey Farms. Augusta. Sussex Co., N. J.

Rprkshirpc ™ bred Pigs for breed-
o . 7 . «Tm" stock. Not registered

Harvey A, Foster. 34 Coleman St.. Springfield. Mass.

REG. CHESTER WHITES Quality breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelton. Chester Co., Penn*:

RFC DIlROfS Hal1 .Gilts a«d Spring Pigs. Russell F.
1U.U. DUIHJLJ pattington. Scioio Center. New York

[

SHEEP

Beautiful pure bred regis¬
tered ram lambs, well grown

HAMPSHIRE RAMS lerea ram iambs, well grown

$15.00; two yearling rams. First Prize and Grtmd
Champions at Danbury Fair $75.00 each Write _

FRANK SILVERNAIL. Supt., Hyde Park. New Y^k

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisty. VAN VLEET BROS. LOOI, NEW YORK

Cheviot Sheep at reasonable prices.

EDWARD F. ROCHESTER. ARLINGTON. V T.

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

THE book relates many of his unusual exper-
x iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It is an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of the family

Price $ 2.75 Postpaid
New York City residents add 2% for Sales Tax
For Sate By

THE* RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

376

Wx RURAL NEW-YORKER

fAc^

-DUE TO
LUGGING WATER

For less than you may think, you can
have a BURKS Water System in
your home. Save your back — save
your time — enjoy city home con¬
veniences. Soon pays for itself in
extra eggs — extra milk — extra
weight on beef and
hogs. Get prices on —

0URK$

WATER

SYSTEMS

Shallow Well Systems lift water 28
feet. Deep Well Educer Systems
lift water up to 210 feet. Gives you
automatic, uninterrupted service
year after year at low cost. Only
ONE Moving Part. Largest ca¬
pacities. Self Priming. Write for SuperTurbineSystem
FREE Catalog. for Shallow Wells

DECATUR PUMP C0.? 176 Elk St, DECATUR, ILL

HOMEY COMFORT

in Syracuse

like to stay at The
Syracuse because it's ^
homey ... in atmos¬
phere and service.
The rooms are modern
and comfortable, the
food tasty. 600 rooms
from $3.00.

HOTEL SYRACUSE

SYRACUSE, N. Y.

FOR

BIGGER RETURNS

ON YOUR

INVESTMENT MONEY

open an account with us where you
will benefit by the earnings of a
soundly managed organization which
has paid good dividends for 54 years.
Safety fully insured up to $5,000.

NATICK

FEDERAL SAVINGS
AND LOAN ASSOCIATION

Organized 1886

NATICK, MASSACHUSETTS
Assets Over $5,400,000

CURRENT

RATE

NEVER

PAID

LESS

SECTIONAL STEEL GARAGES
Like* Wood $158 AND UP

Shipped Anywhere
Eeelly Erected.

•

Steel Buildings ler All
Pureoses

•

Write for Information.

John Cooper Co., 301 Second St., Hackensack, N. J.

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Willnot soil or Injure anything.
Lasts all season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, Inc.,
150 De Kalb Ave.,B’klyn,N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

All kinds of new and reconditioned pipe for water
systems, greenhouses, irrigations, fences, etc.
Cut to sketch and stocked. Alao —

FITTINGS, VALVES, PUMPS and SUPPLIES

Write us your wants and let us Quote you prices.
ALBERT PIPE SUPPLY CO.. Inc.
Berry & No. 13th St. Brooklyn, N. Y.

FIVE ACRES AND
INDEPENDENCE

By M. G. KAINS, B. S., M. S.

A practical guide to the selection and
management of the small farm with
detailed advice and explanation on var¬
ious topics treated.

Revised and enlarged edition.

PrtVa (tO AQ New York City residents
add 2% Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street - New York City

Children’s Rhyme

Sing a song of Junetime,
Azure’s in the sky,

White and furry cloudlets
Fairly scamper by,

Fleet as timid bunnies
Loosed across the blue,
Make you wish that you
Travel that way too!

could

Then the early sunbeams
Urge us all to peep,

Waking, too, the small plants
From their dewy sleep,

Reaching in the sweet earth,
Rousing all the roots,

Dancing through the young leaves,
Kissing orchard fruits!

I. D. Freneau

Time Saving Ideas

In canning season we “make our
brains save our heels” to avoid being
so weary at the end of the day; then
we will be able to survey our jars
of peaches, pears and other fruits
With pleasure.

When coring pears, peel and
halve with a sharp knife, then use
a French ball cutter to remove the
stem and core. This is a quick pro¬
cess and the pears have a better
appearance. A peach pitter is fine
for removing the cores, and so is
a narrow bowl teaspoon.

When canning pears, a slice of
pineapple in the bottom of the jar
will give a delicious flavor.

In preparing pears for canning,
drop them at once into a cold salt
water bath, using one tablespoon salt
to one quart of water. This amount
of salt will give no taste to the
canned pears and is desirable for
both pears and apples when peeling
in quantities.

It is often puzzling to know how
to let the jelly bag drip, and yet
not be in the way. I let mine drip
over night, setting a jar on the range
with the jelly bag suspended from
one of the knobs on the warming
oven.

Then there is the problem of
skimming the jelly while it is boil¬
ing. A tea strainer is handy for this,
for the fine wire mesh will not let
the liquid through, and the scum is
easily disposed of by pouring hot
water through it.

If a piece of butter is added to
jam or jelly after it has stopped
boiling and the jelly stirred well
the foam will disappear like magic.

Pieces of plain wrapping paper
are good to skim the jelly with, the
scum will adhere to the paper and
no jelly is wasted.

Some canners label each jar and
glass of fruit. I find it easier to put
all of each kind in pasteboard boxes
and label the boxes. But if you pre¬
fer to label each glass, you may use
brightly colored gummed paper,
typing the name and date on these
labels. Adhesive tape may be used,
or a white marking pencil will do,
if it is used while the jars are hot.

Maine mrs. m. p.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“I would like to exchange blue
Iris, double yellow narcissus bulbs,
foxglove plants and ruffled white
Hollyhock seed for house plants or
house plant seed.” miss m. c.

Pennsylvania

“I would like to hear from differ¬
ent states. My hobby is collecting
stamps and perennial flowers.”
Pennsylvania miss l. l.

“My hobbies are crocheting and
quilt piecing. I am making a collec¬
tion of holders and elephants and
will exchange crocheted holders for
elephants.” mrs. f. l. e.

New York

“I am a middleaged woman and
would like to hear from women in¬
terested in cooking and all kinds
of fancy work. My hobbies are
collecting clippings of interest and
crocheting.” mrs. g. o. f.

Pennsylvania

“I am an elderly woman and am
interested in wild flowers. As a
hobby I collect buttons.”

Pennsylvania mrs. a. h. b.

Notes From the Catskills

The price for maple syrup locally
was about $2 per gallon but the
market was so limited that many
put their syrup into drums which
were loaded at Delhi and Walton
for a company in Vermont. The
price this year was 11 cents per
pound for first grade, 10 cents for
second and 9 cents for third, fancy
12 cents, also a small premium for
anything over standard weight. This
seems like very little, especially for
the better grades. The chief merit
is that farmers get the money from
their syrup at once instead of wait¬
ing on an uncertain market.

Those interested in local history
might like to know how Delhi came
to be so named. Judge Foote who
took much interest and played an
important part in the development
of the town was called by his in¬
timates the “Great Mogul.” When
the question of a name for the town
came up they suggested it be named
Delhi — Delhi, India, being the city
of the Mogul, and so it was named,
However, it is not pronounced ex¬
actly the same, the accent being on
the last instead of the first syllable.

As to Federal Hill, the high pro¬
montory between the Little Dela¬
ware and the West Branch of the
Delaware River — it seems that at a
barn raising one day on this hill east
of Delhi, two men, one of them a
Federalist, had a fight in which the
Federalist won; hence to this day
it is known as Federal Hill.

My collection of stones at¬
tracts considerable attention. Last
year many new specimens were
added — some good friends who went
on a trip to New Brunswick brought
back specimens from the points
visited — the names are so intriguing,
Neguac Shore, Tracadie Beach,
Burnt Church, to mention a few of
them. The upstate correspondent
brought stones and fossils from her
locality as well as from other points
north, and a friend who spends the
Summers at Ocean City, N. J. sent
shells. From others came petrified
wood, shells and arrowheads. „

E. M. N.

June 14, 1941

June 14th — Flag Day

This day is celebrated all through
the United States as the birthday of
the Stars and Stripes. Every Ameri¬
can home should have an American
Flag, which represents so much to
us in these troubled days.

The National Flag Conference,
held June 14th, 1923, adopted the
Flag Code, describing the correct
ways of displaying and respecting
the Flag of the United States. Follow¬
ing are the general rules adopted
at that time for the display of the
American Flag:

1. Displayed From Sunrise to
Sunset. — It is universal custom to
display the Flag only from sunrise
to sunset on buildings and on station¬
ary flagstaffs in the open.

2. Not Displayed in Inclement
Weather. — Unless there is some
special reason for doing so, the Flag
should not be flown in rainy or
stormy weather.

3. Raising and Lowering. — The
Flag should always be raised briskly
and lowered slowly and ceremoni¬
ously.

4. Never to Touch Ground. — In
lowering and in raising the Flag it
must never be allowed to touch the
ground.

5. Occasions on Which Displayed.
— The Flag should be displayed on
National and State holidays and on
historic and speciat occasions.

c. b. w.

Defense Diet

The National Nutrition Conference
for Defense has given this daily
nutrition yardstick to keep United
States citizens fit: “One pint of milk
for an adult and more for a child;
a serving of meat, cheaper cuts being
just as nutritious; one egg or some
suitable substitute such as Navy
beans; two vegetables, one of which
should be green or yellow; two
fruits, one of which should be rich
in Vitamin C, found abundantly in
citrus fruits and tomatoes; breads,
flour and cereal, most or preferably
all whole grain or enriched; some
butter or oleomargarine with vita¬
min added; other foods to satisfy
appetite. Many combinations may
be made from this basic formula.”
It is important for every farm family
to see that enough milk is kept back
to supply the family with this much
needed food. The difference in the
family health will far offset the
money to be gained from the sale
of that amount of milk. c. b. w.

What is Your Experience

A reader suggests that we “have
the women write in and tell how
they make money on the farm,
women who have had to be the head
of the family and come out with
flying colors.”

We have printed some such stories
but we can use more from time to
time and we think it is an excellent
idea. Tell the facts of your experi¬
ence in a simple brief way for the
benefit of other women. c. b. w.

Topping Iced Coffee

Make your iced coffee the way you prefer — then take your choice of these
toppings : Ice cream in your favorite flavor, whipped cream flavored with
sweetened chocolate syrup, cinnamon and nutmeg, grated bitter chocolate,
a few drops of almond extract, oil of spearmint or grated orange rind.

n* RURAL NEW-YORKER

377

Summer Favorites

Jellied Veal. — Two pounds veal
shoulder, 2 knuckles., 2 teaspoons
salt, 1 bay leaf (optional), 2 whole
black peppers, 3 tablespoons vinegar,
3 hard-cooked eggs, J4 cup cooked
peas, 2 tablespoons choped pimiento,
14 cup diced celery, 1 green pepper,
finely chopped, 1 tablespoon gelatine
and 14 cup cold water.

Cover meat and knuckles with
warm water, add salt, bay leaf,
peppers and vinegar and simmer
gently until meat is tender. Strain
stock and reduce to 4 cups. Dice
meat, add diced eggs, peas, pimiento,
celery and green pepper. Blend well
and place in greased mold. Soften
gelatine in cold water, add to hot
stock and stir until dissolved. Pour
over meat mixture. Chill until firm.
Unmold and slice.

Honey Ice Box Cookies. — One-half
cup honey, 14 cup shortening, y2 cup
brown sugar, 1 egg, 214 cups sifted
flour, 14 teaspoon salt, 14 teaspoon
soda, 14 cup chopped nutmeats if
desired.

Place honey and shortening in
large saucepan. Stir over low heat
until shortening has melted. Re¬
move from heat; stir in brown sugar.
Cool. Add unbeaten egg. Mix well.
Sift remaining ingredients together
and add to first mixture. Shape into
rolls about 2 inches in diameter and
wrap in waxed paper. Chill thor¬
oughly, 3 to 4 hours. Slice thin and
bake on well greased baking sheet
in moderate oven, 375 degrees
Fahrenheit, 8 to 10 minutes. This
dough will keep indefinitely. Slice
as needed, rewrap unused portion
in waxed paper and return to ice
box.

Fruit-Ring Salad. — Two small
honeydew melons or cantaloupes, 4
oranges, 2 grapefruit, 1 cup straw¬
berries or black raspberries.

Pare melons, cut each into 4 rings.
Place each on crisp lettuce. Fill
centers with orange and grapefruit
sections. Garnish with berries and
drizzle lightly with honey. All fruits
should be thoroughly chilled. Serves
eight.

Blueberry Crumb Pudding. — One
cup graham cracker crumbs, % cup
softened butter, % cup powdered
sugar, 14 teaspoon cinnamon, 2 cups
fresh blueberries.

Combine crumbs, butter, sugar
and cinnamon. Mix well. Place alter¬
nate layers of crumbs and blue¬
berries in a greased casserole, begin¬
ning and ending with crumbs. Press
down firmly. Bake in moderate oven,
350 degrees Fahrenheit, for about
30 minutes. Chill. Serve with sweet¬
ened whipped cream. mrs. b. n.

Nebraska

Latticed Cupboard Doors

Are you tired of those glass cup¬
board doors that too frankly reveal
the cupboard’s contents? Perhaps
the curtains behind them look a bit
dingy and you would like a change.
Take bias tape to match or contrast
with the color scheme of the room,
and beginning at the corners of the
cupboard doors, criss-cross the tape
over each pane, working on the in¬
side of the door, to make diamond¬
shaped figures. For my cupboard
doors I used black tape which some¬
what resembles a wood treatment.
Then fasten the ends of the tape
with gay matching thumb tacks and
there you are! Home Decorator.

Homemade Bandages

My medicine cabinet always con¬
tains a fruit jar, tightly closed, filled
with homemade bandages, well
sterilized. When I have suitable,
soft white rags, I tear and roll the
bandages in varying widths. Then
sometimes when I am canning, I
drop the sealed fruit jar full of
rolled bandages into the water bath,
and sterilize by boiling just as long
as I do the food I am sterilizing.
Then when bandages are hurriedly
needed for an emergency, they are
ready.

Dressing may be sterilized quickly
by laying the folds on the ironing
board and pressing well with a hot
iron.

In the Spring and Fall, when mak¬
ing up my household linens I use
the scraps to make thumb and
finger stalls, putting them away in
a box, and when one of the men
folks come in with a cut finger it
is not necessary for me to quit my
work to stitch up a stall. d.

Rugs from Small Pieces

I experimented a little last Winter
with a large box of odds and ends
which had accumulated, all small
pieces, none longer than about 15
inches. I cut them in three-quarter
inch strips, and was careful to join
them very neatly and flatly. For
colors I found I had old rose, brown,
tan and green; lots of scraps of other
colors too, which could be used some
other time, hit or miss, but I judged
that I had enough of the colors
named to make a rug. With a large¬
sized wooden hook I made a six
stitch chain of the old rose, then
worked back, around each side of
the chain. This makes a solid center,
instead of the large hole which
would result if one joined the chain
into a circle.

I had the center of old rose, the
next two rows of brown, than tan,
and the last three rows of green.
With the brown, I began to widen
for the corners, taking two stitches
in one loop for this, one should be
careful about keeping the corners
quite easy, so that they set flat. I
made my “squares” nine inches by
seven. With some of the material,
which did not “give” quite as much
as the other, I had to take three
stitches to turn the corners, but
that did not matter. The important
thing is to keep the corners square
and flat. I made 15 of these squares,
using the colors in each one, in the
order given. These were sewn strong¬
ly together, three squares wide, and
five long. Some long hoarded brown
stockings were cut up and used to
crochet a border all around the rug,
which was quite good looking when
finished, and about 30 by 54 inches.
The old rose centers and brown
cross bars matched the colors in
the chintz hanging at the windows
of the bedroom where it was imme¬
diately put to Use. MRS. L. S. B.

Needle Designs

oca** — tjive your linens individuality wi'
these smart monograms. This pattern offe
a variety of designs and stitches. Pattei
6834 contains a transfer pattern of 12 moti
ranging from 6!4x7!4 inches to 2%x4 inche
illustrations of stitches; materials needei
color schemes.

2849 — Mainly in stockinette stitch, with
contrast of garter stitch, these three pie.
brother and sister outfits are quick
knitted and practical for your own tots .
for war relief work. Pattern 2849 contaii
directions for making 2 blouses, 2 jackel
skirt and shorts in sizes 2, 4 and 6; iliu
trations of them and stitches; materia
needed.

Price of patterns 10 cents (in coin) eac
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorke
333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.

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I— “EVEN 'ORNERY’ FRUITS jell easily
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another year with strawberry jelly —
made the no-guess way with Certo!”

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jelly,” is Mrs. Totterdale’s descrip¬
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fruit mixture only y minute for
jelly— a minute or so for jam. In less
than 15 minutes after your fruit’s
prepared you can take off your apron
and admire filled jelly glasses!”

4 — "MORE REAL FRUIT
FLAVOR because that
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a beginner, I specially
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always follow them ex¬
actly and my jelly-making
goes like clockwork!”

A Product of General Foods

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Drawn by Barbara Mason, New Hampshire

MEMORY VERSE

THUNDER POOLS
Now the sudden shower’s done,

A new world and a deeper one
Is lying under every tree.

Small blue cousins of the sea.

Made of water from on high.

These pools of unearthly dye
Show the elm tree’s arching crown
And the white clouds upside down.

Such pools are not pools to wade,

It would make the feet afraid

To walk through such a lovely wonder

Poured from the hogsheads of the thunder.

By Robert Tristram Coffin
Taken from “Collected Poems”

things at our County Fair in August. Have
exhibited at the County Fair for six years
and at the State Fair for three years and
have several red, green, yellow and white
ribbons that I have won.

I will be 17 in October and would be
delighted to correspond with any boys or
girls my age. I correspond with four girls
now three of which have birthdays on
the same day as I.

My hobbies are corresponding, drawing
and I collect match folders. I live on a
35 acre farm and work in my father’s
store. — Dorothy Riter, New York.

Dear Friends. — I am a girl of 11 and a
4-H member too. This is my second year
of 4-H work. I live on a farm and have
a garden for a hobby. I like to watch a
garden grow. I also belong to the Grange,
which meets every Tuesday. I hope to
join the Girl Scouts soon. Won’t you write
to me? — Betty ' Podgwaite, Connecticut.

Our projects for this year are pigs, corn,
capons and potatoes. Our local bank is
sponsoring our pigs and corn and the
Rwainis Club our capons and potatoes. At
the roundup we will compete for prizes
and ribbons.

We have been quite successful in our
club work as all of the projects were com¬
pleted last year and we hope that they
will be this year.

Last year we sent a potato and corn
judging team to the Harrisburg Farm
Show and we ranked sixth in potato judg¬
ing and eighth in corn judging in the State
of Pennsylvania.

I think 4-H Club work is very interesting
and educational, don’t you other 4-H
members? — Christie Smith, Pennsylvania.

Drawn by Alice Wald, Connecticut

Hello Strangers! — I guess old man Winter
has fooled us for we haven’t had the snow
for fox hunting so I can’t relate any excit¬
ing tales of late but I must tell you about
our rabbits.

My father belongs to the Lake County
Farmers Conservation Club. Organized in
the beginning to protect the wild game of
Lake County. During the year of 1940 they
raised and let loose 500 pheasants. After
this the State decided to purchase a great
number of rabbits from the State of
Missouri. These were shipped in little
pens, 12 rabbits to a pen. They were dis¬
tributed throughout Lake County. Daddy
was responsible for two or three pens. He
brought them home and let them loose at
night. It was something I wish you could
have seen. Each rabbit was separated in
a bin of his own and was given an apple
and some clover. It was really a sight to
see their actions when they were released.

Our club is now planning to buy 100
acres having an inland lake. You see with
clubs like this it won’t be long before we
can roam through our woods and see the
wild life we enjoyed so long ago. —
Evalynn Woodford, Ohio.

Dear Friends. — I have read “Our Page”
for several years and enjoyed immensely.

I am 16 years old and a senior in high
school. Some of my hobbies are knitting,
writing letters and baking. Graduation will
soon be here and will be the event of a
lifetime.

My home is a farm where we have
chickens, sheep and horses.

I’d like to hear from any of you. Why
doesn’t anyone from the South or West con¬
tribute? — Margaret Van Voorhis, New York.

Dear Boys and Girls. — I belong to an
agricultural 4-H Club called the “Irwin
4-H Club.” We meet once every month at
the homes of the members. There are 26
boys and grils in our club this year and
there were 13 last year.

Dear Friends. — I am a member of “The
Happy-Go-Lucky 4-H Club” and am 18
years old. Have been a member for four
years. I am a steady reader of “The Rural
New-Yorker” and enjoy it very much. We
have taken it for 13 years and have sub¬
scribed for eight more.

I am Vice-president of my club. Just this
last week we had a busy one. We went
to Menands in Albany. There we judged
eggs and exhibited each two dozen. I re¬
ceived ribbons for the demonstration of a

Dear Boys and Girls. — I have read “Our
Page” for about seven or eight years al¬
ready but have never attempted to write
to you. I enjoy reading the articles and
the letters and looking at the drawings.

I am a low senior in high school and
am 17 years old. Am taking a commercial
course consisting of shorthand, typing, book¬
keeping and Business Law and secretarial
practice. In our secretarial practice class,
we are sent to the downtown offices for
experience. We work for two weeks and
then attend school for two weeks. In this
way we get a wide variety of experience
in all kinds of office work.

On our local school paper “The Tiger”
I am exchange editor. It isn’t a very
large paper but it serves the purpose. It
is published every week unless a holiday
comes during the week. Recently as you
know April Fools Day passed. We sold
our paper on that day instead of on
Friday. I think some students went dizzy
before they got done reading it.

I would like to receive letters from girls
and boys of my age all over the country.
— Helen Mikuszewski, New York.

Dear Readers of “Our Page.” — For some
time now I have meant to write to tell
you about my 4-H Club work. I have been
a member for seven years and have en¬
joyed every minute of it.

I love to sew, cook and take care of
my 4-H flower garden. I am Secretary of
our club called the “Jolly Jokers.” We
have 12 members and have a meeting every
two weeks.

This year I take the following units:
Tools and Fabrics, Fruit Favorites and
Room Improvement. This year I have made
an apron, a dressing table, and stool, a
dressing table skirt and a pair of bedroom
curtains to match. I plan to exhibit these

Pen and Ink — By Bernard Melvens, New York

Polly — By Betty Jackson, Connecticut

Quaker Girl — By Louise Ludwig, Penna.

Home Sweet Home
By Ethel Louise Williams, New York

poultry shelter house and for my exhibit
of eggs.

In March we Had a crowd of guests. The
Washington County 4-H Council. First we
had a candle-lighting ceremony and in¬
stalled officers. We had refreshments and
then enjoyed square dancing. We hope to
go and visit their council and pay them
in return for the wonderful entertainment
they gave us.

I would like to hear from you other 4-H
boys and girls. — Joseph Nagy, New York.

y (P\^ s j

Drawn by Barbara Mason, New Hampshire

ALWAYS A MAN
Occasionally, there is a girl
Who gives my head an awful whirl.

I thank the Lord, I still can use
My little brain without abuse.

There comes a time in each man's life.
When he should take himself a wife.

The sooner he will settle down.

Less chances he’ll become a clown.

By C. Mat Hess, New York

THE AMERICAN FLAG
The American flag is a beautiful flag.
With the red and the white and the blue.
It stands for America, the land that we love
And the American hearts that are true.

It’s out in the stormiest weather.

In the rain and lightening and gale.

It rides o’er the sea as it floats in the breeze
Above the highest of sails.

The American flag has guarded the grave
Of many our soldiering men.

I love that flag and I’ll follow that flag,
And I’ll hold it up ’till the end.

By Marion Duesberg, New York

TIME-

The minutes slowly tick away
’Till they become hours;

And waning hours

Proclaim the closing of the day.

The closing days make closing weeks.
And weeks grow into months;

And years gone by.

Time is like a dish that leaks.

Years gone by are lives forever gone;
Lives and faces forgot;

Words obliterated;

Time marches on to a brighter dawn.
By Margaret Van Voorhis. New York

LETTERS WANTED

Letters to persons whose names appear
under this heading should be sent to
Violet and Elsie Unger, 333 West 30th. St.,
New York, N. Y. with the name and state
of the person for whom the letter is in¬
tended on the outside of the envelope. The
addresses will be completed and the letters
forwarded. Unstamped letters will not be
mailed.

Marie Yntiedt, New York; Katherine
Solomon (17), Penna.; Margaret Van Voorhis,
New York; Betty Podgwaite (ID. Conn.;
Dorothy Riter (16), New York; Helen
Mikuszewski (17), New York; Helen
Gardepe (13), New York; Theresa Harmon
(12), New York; Mary Yarger (17), Penna.;
Evelyn Perkins (15), Maine; Mary Smith
(16), Penna.: Alice Lepinske (17), New
York; Audrey Werner (12), Mass.; Barbara
Buil, Georgia.

Gu*'

The School Boy

By Adline Geiskopf, New York

Sailor Bill — By Ruth Parks. Maine

Back Home — By Joe Backus, New York

It is nice to see so many new names
of “Our Page” this time, and now that
the ice is more or less broken, we hope
to see a lot of them. However, several
new members have forgotten to give their
addresses. We would like to have them to
enable us to forward correspondence or
write them.

Our 4-H’ers are abounding with ambition
and ideas. It is indeed a worthwhile
organization to belong to, as the people
who till the soil and raise the stock are
the backbone of the nation. It gives one
a very satisfying feeling to watch things
grow. In fact growth is a miracle in it¬
self. In the times that are to come it is
all important that boys and girls learn
the art of farming, I think that you can
all feel that you are taking as big a part
in our home defense as the big steel
works or airplane factories.

And now comes June, the first month
of Summer and vacationing. This brings
to mind the fact that pennies saved now
will make it all the more certain that you
will be able to attend the annual “Our
Page Reunion” in August. We expect to
be able to give you more information in
regard to this in the near future.

So until June we will be anticipating a
mailbag full of drawings, poems, diaries
and letters.

Send all contributions to Violet and
Elsie Unger, 333 West 30th St., New York.
N. Y. before the fourth of the month if
intended for that month. Letters received
later than this date will have to be held
over until the next month. We are glad
to hear from you at any time.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

379

i r

C. S. Arn, Kenton, Ohio, with his cham¬
pion Rambouillet ewe, at the 1940 Ohio
State Fair. Mr. Arn is a prominent breeder,
showman, and recognized judge of Ram¬
bouillet sheep.

"I have shown sheep 20 years
and taken prizes throughout the East
and all over the West. Nema Worm
Capsules are the best worm medicine
I have ever used. I find them easier
to give than a drench.” C. S. Arn.

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FOR ALL LIVESTOCK

Nema Worm Capsules are scientifi¬
cally prepared, easy to give, low in
cost and dependable. Nema Worm
Capsules are available in various
sizes for animals of different ages and
weights — millions are used annually.

Send for the new, helpful book¬
let No. 650 on the worming of
livestock, dogs and foxes.

FREE

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Write to Animal Industry Dept., Desk N-39-F

PARKE, DAVIS & CO., DETROIT, MICH.

Drug Stores Sell Parke-Davis Products

Relieve STRAINS

QUICKLY

and keep horse
af work

As soon as strain is
noticed , rub it well
with Absorbine.
Absorbine, a
remedy farmers
have used for
years, brings fast
relief. It speeds the blood flow to the injury
to help carry off the congestion. Never blisters
or removes hair. Often strains, swellings, lame¬
ness are relieved in a few hours.

Absorbine, used by many veterinaries for
over 40 years, is not a “cure-a'1.” It’s of proven
help in relieving fresh bog t^avin, windgall,
collar gall and similar congestive troubles.
$2.50 for a LONG-LASTING BOTTLE that
will prove its value many times! At all drug¬
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ABSORBINE

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Write Today for Details.

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meat ** Springfield, Ohio

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

Hog Production Testing

Four registered Duroc brood sows
from eastern states are “charter”
members of the Duroc Record Asso¬
ciation’s newly announced official
Production Registry. Out of the 14
sows now admitted, two are owned
by Shirey Bros., Spout Spring,
Virginia and two are owned by F.
Thaddeus Warrington, Newark, Del.

Patterned after the system of test¬
ing milk production of dairy cattle,
the new Duroc Production Registry
is designed to measure efficiency of
pork production. Basis for the pro¬
duction records is the number of
pigs raised and the total litterweight
at weaning time (56 days of age).
As a result, suckling qualities of the
dam and capability of the pigs to
go on and make rapid, efficient gains
up to market weights are empha¬
sized. Numerous tests in farm trials
and at the Minnesota Experiment
Station offer conclusive evidence that
correlation between 56-day weights
and 160-day weights is better than
75 per cent accurate.

In nominating sows for their
Association’s PR, their names are
entered on postcard forms giving
date of farrow, number of pigs born
and litter earmark. This card is then
dropped in the mail box within three
days after farrowing. The Duroc
office at Peoria, Ill. then sends out
56-day weighing report blanks for
all entries. These weights can be
taken any time between 52 and 60
days, making possible the weighing
of several litters at once. Signatures
of two official witnesses are required
on these blanks.

To qualify for the Duroc PR, a
sow must be of desirable type, must
carry no breed disqualifications and
must meet the following minimum
requirements for two litters raised
(without the aid of a nurse sow)
within a period not to exceed 24
months: a total of at least 16 pigs
raised to 56 days of age with a com¬
bined 56-day weight for the two
litters of not less than 640 pounds. A
litter is disqualified if it includes
one or more pigs with hernia, a
swirl, etc. A fee is charged for all
sows admitted in the Duroc PR and
a gold star is affixed to the PR
certificate for each litter of eight or
more pigs raised to a 56-day weight
of at least 320 pounds. In other
words, sows in the Duroc PR may
be classified according to 'the num¬
ber of stars appearing on their
certificate. Herd boars will also be
recognized in the new program, be¬
coming eligible for admission in the
PR when any individual has sired
at least 5 PR daughters.

The Duroc Association’s Produc¬
tion Registry was evolved after a
three-year trial of the idea, during
which time breeders turned in over
1,000 litter records. Practical hog
raisers everywhere are watching the
progress of this new “production¬
testing” idea. Already at least four
other of the swine breed associations,
Hampshire, Chester White, Berkshire
and Spotted Poland China are ac¬
tively promoting programs of this
nature. John B. Beckett

Chairman, Duroc Production Reg¬
istry Committee.

Guernsey Club Officers

John S. Ames of Boston, Mass.,
was re-elected president of the
American Guernsey Cattle Club at
the 64th annual meeting held in
New York City recently. Dr Wayne
A. Munn of Janesville, Wis., and
Charles L. Hill of Rosendale, Wis.,
were elected vice-presidents. Re-
lected to the Executive Committee
were L. V. Wilson, Excelsior, Minn.,
and William F. Fretz of Pipersville,
Pa., and James M. McDonald of
Cortland, N. Y. was elected for the
first time.

Coming’ Farmers’ Meetings

June 14. — Brown Swiss Picnic at
Schillawski’s Mt. Auburn Farm,
Auburn, N. Y.

June 15- July 7. — Annual Festival
of Roses, Newark, Wayne County,
New York.

June 19. — Dairymen’s League
Annual Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y.

June 23-26. — American Dairy Sci¬
ence Assn., Burlington, Vt.

July 22-25.— Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29- Aug. 1.— Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Aug. 4-7. — Vegetable Growers
Ass’n. of America, Columbus, Ohio.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

GALLON
GAL. CANS

is slightly higher
south and west a

Prices

'TTES, siree . . . prices on Rut-
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lowerx\va.n 1 0 years ago. What’s
more, you don’t have to order
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can give you . immediate de¬
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’.'Rutland is the roof coating
that .waterproofs better ana
wears longer. Because it isn’t
loaded with solvents that evap¬
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back. More material stays on —
forming a heavy, tough film of
asphalt and asbestos that
doesn’t crawl, crack or peel.
There’s not a drop of tar in
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except shingles.” Uncle Ned.
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Even a hand*
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See your Universal dealer
before you buyany milker.

THE

UNIVERSAL MILKING
MACHINE COMPANY

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Ih* RURAL

Cull Apples for Dairy Cows

One of the annually recurring
“headaches” of the apple grower is
the problem of what to do with his
cull fruit. We all know what some
growers do about it — they send this
inferior fruit to market. We also
know what happens to prices if any
considerable amount of culls are dis¬
posed of in this way. Fruit groweis
generally know that it is by no
means necessary for all of these
cull apples to go to waste if kept
at home. Many of them go to the
cider mills, some of them are used
for pies, apple sauce, jelly and
apple butter; some of them are fed
to pigs, and, contrary to the opinion
of some people, some of them can
be fed to cows.

Some farmers have a rather strong
prejudice against feeding apples to
cows, the most frequent criticism
being that apples tend to dry up
the cows. Occasionally we find a
case where it is claimed that a cow
died from eating apples. On the
other hand we know of some dairy¬
men who, when they have a surplus
of cull apples, feed them to their
cows quite successfully. Why this
difference of opinion and experience?

Curiously enough the recorded re¬
sults of the feeding of apples to cows
are very meagre. The files for 50
years of one abstract journal and
for 30 years of another, yield only
seven references, three from this -
country, two from Canada, one from
France, and one from Australia. The
earliest of these is an account of
some work done at the Vermont
Agricultural Experiment Station and
recorded in its annual report for the
year 1901; the most recent work
that I have been able to find a record
of was done at the Oregon Experi¬
ment Station in 1935, and was pub¬
lished in the annual report of that
station for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1937. It seems worthwhile
to briefly summarize some of these
reports.

In the work done at the Vermont
Station four cows were used, all of
which had been in milk at least five
months; the apples were substituted
for about three-fourths of the corn
silage allowance, pound for pound.
The apples were readily eaten and
no ill effects seem to have followed
the feeding of them. A unit of dry
matter produced as much milk and
butter when apples were fed as
when silage was fed.

In two experiments at the Central
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada,
back in 1904 and 1905, results were
obtained quite similar to those from
Vermont. Apples were substituted
for a portion of the ensilage and
roots customarily fed. The cows
relished the apples and seemed to
thrive on them, small gains in
weight being noted. There was a
slight increase in milk yield when
the apples were fed.

In 1935 at the Washington Agri¬
cultural Experiment Station whole
apples were ensiled alone and also
with alfalfa hay in the proportion of
80 per cent of apples to 20 per cent of
hay. The straight apple silage did
not prove particularly satisfactory,
being too soft for best results, but
the apple-alfalfa silage was a good
product, very palatable to cows and
maintained milk production on a
high level.

Why then is it that in spite of
these favorable reports many farm¬
ers are averse to feeding apples to
their cows? It is my belief that in
many of the cases where unfavorable
results have been experienced it has
been simply too much of a good
thing. You and I experience no ill
effects from one piece of cake or
pie or even on occasion two pieces,
but no one possessed of sound judg¬
ment will make a meal of such rich
food. Unfortunately most cows are
not possessed of sound judgment;
they are like some people in the
matter of over-indulgence in some¬
thing they like. Probably over-
indulgence in apples when oppor¬
tunity presented itself has had
disastrous results for more than one
bossy, and it is such cases that fix
themselves in the minds of the
owner and his neighbors.

Given the proper conditions,
apples ferment readily because of
their relatively high sugar content.
The paunch of the cow furnishes
probably ideal conditions for the
fermentation process — warmth, mois¬

ture, and a teeming host of bacteria
and other micro-organisms — so the
results of over-feeding can be easily
imagined if you have not actually
seen it yourself.

What then may be the safe limit
in rationing apples to cows? No hard
and fast rule can be followed blind¬
ly; size and individuality of cows
require that we use our judgment
in this as in all other matters per¬
taining to successful feeding. A
good old friend of mine who was a
successful dairyman and orchardist
fed cull apples to his milking cows
regularly but he always said, “Not
more than a peck to a cow daily.”
I believe that is a good general
guide although I have known people
who fed twice that many. Apples
may take the place of a portion of
any other standard succulent feed
such as silage, roots, or grass but
it should be remembered that they
have a somewhat higher water con¬
tent than either silage or grass and
adjustment should be made accord¬
ingly. On a dry matter basis a peck
of apples (15 lbs. on the average)

NEW-YORKER

is equivalent to about 10 lbs. of good
corn silage.

It should also be remembered that
apples are a strictly carbohydrate
feed. Their content of total protein
is low and it is not highly digesti¬
ble. Roughly they contain about one-
sixth as much digestible protein as
good corn silage does. For these
reasons apples cannot take the place
of any considerable part of the
grain in a milking cow’s ration. I
strongly suspect that much of the
drying up of cows reported when
apples are fed is due to failure to
recognize these important facts. It
should be needless to state that as
with all changes in feed apples,
when you start feeding them, should
be introduced into the ration
gradually.

Some farmers are afraid to feed
apples to their cows because of the
risk of choking. Personally I have
never seen a case of a cow that
choked to death on an apple, al¬
though I have heard that it happens
occasionally. Chopping the fruit is
the obvious answer to this difficulty.
Farmers who own a power slicer for
mangolds, turnips, and other roots,
or even one turned by hand with

June 14. 1941

a crank, can chop enough apples for
a day’s feeding in a very few
minutes; those not possessing such
a machine will usually have enough
native ingenuity to devise some
method for rapidly reducing the fruit
to a size that eliminates all risks.

In this connection the following
excerpt from a recent letter from a
Massachusetts farmer who combines
orcharding and dairying may be of
interest:

This past year “we fed out, in all,
more than 100 bushels (of apples)
to seven dairy cows with no harm¬
ful results. Not one instance of
choking has occurred in our herd in
20 odd years, if ever, and we do
not chop the apples either. Our
method of feeding may perhaps have
prevented unhappy results. We feed
the apples only in the mangers,
where bunting and bolting are im¬
possible. The apples are introduced
into the diet gradually in late
Summer, as drops of early varieties
are available. A peck a day at one
feeding is a good average — although
we have fed that amount twice a
day. We do not mix them with grain
or other feed.” J. G. Archibald
Mass. Agricultural Exp. Station

CHEVROLET

First in performance ••• first in economy •••
among all biggest-selling low-priced cars

^ .v.-vy .

It out-sprints , out-climbs, out-rides the others —
and it saves you money on gas, oil and upkeep

It will pay you to buy your new car now, and it will
pay you doubly to buy the most popular car of them
all, Chevrolet for ’41!

Because Chevrolet brings you A-l advantages in
quality, and it also brings you A-l advantages in
economy.

It sells in the lowest-price field . . . saves you money
on gas, oil and upkeep . . . and it alone has a style¬
setting Body by Fisher of the same type and size
featured on high-priced cars!

It sells in the lowest-price field . . . saves you money
on gas, oil and upkeep . . . and it alone has a powerful,
dependable engine of the same world-champion Valve -
in-Head type featured on high-priced cars !

It sells in the lowest-price field . . . saves you money
on gas, oil and upkeep . . . and it alone out -accelerates,
out-climbs and out-rides all other cars in the biggest-
selling low-price group!

Better see your nearest Chevrolet dealer— today!

CHEVROLET MOTOR DIVISION, General Motors Sales Corporation
DETROIT, MICHIGAN

miowmu "j

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body by fisher

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ORIGINAL FISHER no DRAFT
VENTILATION

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you'll (irinrr RETAIIC

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W* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

381

REDUCED /^PRICES

@WENE CHICKS

SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

& PULLETS

Uo NEW JERSEY

- b. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Sold on CREDIT
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

DEPT. 2815-F,

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.

SWMK.V VWW YKRK

''CHICKS

EKI8 ' -SHtl visit-i Hanson L Pa. R.O.P.

KiSS&l Foundation Leghorns,
frpjll IBf* *S*«r •rnili 250 to 300 ogg record
Kl- — . IiIIHM'iimT matings, BWD Tested.

100% live Arrival postpaid. Unsexed Pits. Ckls.
Pullets Guar. 95% . 100 , 100 100

ENGLISH LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

N. H. REDS . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Mixed, 80% Heavies Gt’d _ 6.00 8.00 5.00

Cat. of Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write.
Shadel Poultry Farm, Rt. 5, HeAllsterville. Pa.

ELLERV1LLE CHICKS

_ _ i Large Type S.C.W. Leg.$6.00 $30.00 $60

White & Barred Plymouth Rocks _ 6.00 30.00 60

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 32.50 65

Quality Heavy Mixed . 5.50 27.50 55

Large type Sex Leg. Pits. (95% guar.) 11.00 .

Leg. Cockerels $2.00. 32 Years Hatching experience.
W. A. LAUVER, Prop., Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

KERR

CHICKS

LIVE

fair

Write

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2.00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rooks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
R.I. Reds, Rd-Rock Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Reds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms' Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Reliable
Plant "for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER, Box R, McAlisterville. Pa,

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

All Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat. Free.
Shipments Mon. & Thurs.— Unsexed Puliets, Cockerels,
Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3.00

B1 or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Bocks . 7.50 9.50 7.00

Wh. Wyand., R. I. Reds. Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshlres, Rock-Bed Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R, Port Trevorton, Pa.

SHIRK’S QUALITY CHICKS

From Blood Tested Breeders. Eleetrie Hatched.

PULLETS GUAR. 95% Unsox. Pults. Ckls.

Will ship Cash of C.O.D. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns . $5.50 $11.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds. . 6.50 8.50 6.50

Red-Rock & Roek-Red Cross . 6.50 8.50 6.50

New Hampshire Reds (Special).... 8.00 12.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.00

Stuck’s Quality Chicks

100% live delivery. 100-Str. 100-Plts. 100-Ckls.

Large Type W. Leg . $5.50 $11.00 $2.00

N. H. Red Special . 9.00 13.00 6.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks . 6.50 8.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.50

STUCK’S POULTRY FARM AND HATCHERY.

H. N. Stuck, Prop., Box R, McAlisterville. Pa.

Increase in Poultry

The program of total National
Defense has caused Secretary
Wickard of the United States De¬
partment of Agriculture to request
an increase of approximately 10,-
000,000 cases of eggs as well as in¬
creased poultry meat during the
balance of this year, and 1942.
Hatchery reports indicate that more
chicks have been hatched than last
year. This will mean with the possi¬
bility of increasing late season hatch¬
ing that we are already well on the
road to achieve the goal of increased
production of both meat and eggs
for this Fall and Winter, as well as
for the 1942 season.

Prices Stabilized

The egg market is to be stabilized
on a basis of a 22c Chicago price.
This price is not “pegged,” but is
said to represent a running average
price. Further, this price is not tied
to any specific grade, thus provid¬
ing considerable latitude for inter¬
pretation. Poultry meat prices are
supported on a basis of a 15c per
pound running average price. Here
again no specific grade of poultry
is specified. These prices are sup¬
ported on such a level that it is
hoped that producers will be able
to make a reasonable return, and
thus increase production. If these
prices have been supported, or are
readjusted later to meet changing
conditions on the proper level, in¬
creased production will surely result,
“if” grain prices are supported at
the proper level.

United States Secretary of Agri¬
culture, C. R. Wickard, has stated
“Feed supplies are plentiful. We are
going to release loan corn at the loan
rate plus certain carrying charges.
There is reason to feed from now on
for heavy egg production.” The
greatest increase is expected in the
Middle West and South. The North¬
east is expected to respond in propor¬
tion to its poultry population.

Problems of the Northeast

Labor demands for defense in¬
dustries, and the calling of young
men to military service is increas¬
ing the price of farm labor. Even
more important, these demands, with
increased wages are removing trained
men from the farms at an alarming
rate, just when the demands are
being made for increased farm pro¬
duction. Lack of finances, has in
many cases made it necessary to
dispose of birds still in good pro¬
duction, to finance the raising of a
new flock of pullets. Production
credit would be a great aid at this
time if it could be made readily
and easily available.

What You Can Do

1. More gradual reduction of
flocks. You can help secure this in¬
creased production by the gradual
reduction of your flocks, thus keep¬
ing up a higher level of Summer
production than normal.

2. Maintain plant at capacity.
This can be accomplished by plac¬
ing the old hens in Summer laying
shelters and thus holding up Summer
production. These old hens should
be transferred around the first to

and Egg Production

the fifteenth of June. Year round
brooding for replacement stock will
keep the plant at maximum operat¬
ing capacity, and is good business
any time.

3. Raise more pullets this year, if
possible. This will provide you with
more birds for a more rigid selec¬
tion next Fall. Also more good
pullets for sale.

4. Rigid control of poultry dis¬
eases through better sanitation and
segregation.

5. Maintenance of better manage¬
ment practices which are a good in¬
vestment at any time, and will pay
cash dividends.

6. Special efforts to maintain
better egg quality. In this respect it
is well to remember that both
humidity and temperature are im¬
portant, but that lower temperatures
for storing eggs is the more im¬
portant factor.

7. Encouragement for the 4-H
Club and F.F.A. members to par¬
ticipate in this program.

Warning! Poultrymen are en¬
couraged in carrying out this pro¬
gram to use present housing and
equipment to better advantage,
rather than to expand facilities. If
you have already planned needed
expansion to take care of your
demand for chicks, eggs and meat,
it would no doubt be wise to pro¬
ceed with reason and good judgment.

T. B. Charles

Thoughts About Colds

The reason why hens, and humans,
suffer from colds, is because of a
deficiency in the diet. If a cold
does come, even when it is thought
that the diet is adequate, then in¬
crease the food element, which, if
provided in sufficient quantity, will
prevent colds and cure them if
present. This food element is vitamin
A. The best source for this food
element especially in the cold
months is cod liver oil. Your Visiting
Nurse once said that everybody
ought to take cod liver oil from
October to April. I think this is the
very best of advice, and I would ex¬
tend it to the hens as well* as humans.
You’ll just have to find out for your¬
self how much to give, but I would
start with one large tablespoon daily
mixed in the mash. Watch the re¬
sults and probably increase the dose.
This is for 50 hens. Put in the cod
liver oil fresh every day. Why? Be¬
cause the vitamins A and D which
are in this and other fish oils, lose
their vitality on exposure to air and
lights. There’s no danger of over
feeding these vitamins, so increase
the dose if thought advisable. I
would continue this oil, right through
the year, the only possible objection
being the expense.

When Spring comes, add all the
hens will eat — of green leafy vege¬
tables, whatever is available, such as
alfalfa leaves, dandelion tops, lettuce,
chard, all cut fine, since the hen must
swallow its food just as it is provided
for them; they cannot chew their
food. m. j. s.

Colorado

BABY CHICKS

Sexed or Started

PULLETS and COCKERELS

From Old Hen Breeders. Rugged,
Large Size, Large Eggs, Heavy Lay¬
ing Leghorns. Send for circular.

LUKE It T LEGHORN FARM
I'hone 427 East Moriches, N.Y.

A, W. ULSH'S UtJ3TTM.> CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.50 $2.50

Barred & White Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

N. H. Reds. W. Wj„ Bf. Orps. . . 7.50 10.50 7.50

H. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Post’pd. Sex 95% ac.

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box' R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Pilch’s Sex-Linked Pullets

at LOW Order 100 to 5000. Cheterosis Quality di-
SUMMER rect from our 10,000 Bird Pullorum Clean
PRICES Breeding Farm. Circular.

Box 101, Feeding Hills, Massachusetts

Progeny Tested Leghorns

Trapnested, pedigreed, pullorum clean. ALL OLD HEN
BREEDERS. Day old chicks, day old pullets, 4 weeks
pullets. Lowest prices in 25 years. Free catalog.

WILLOW BROOK POULTRY FARM
Allen H. Bulkley & Son. - Odessa, New York

AUIPIKC Large type Wh. Leg. $6-100; Wh. Leg.
vnlvAv Pullets 95% guar. $11.-100; Bar. & Wh.
Rocks, R. 1. & N. H. Reds $6.50; H. Mix. $5.75; L’eg.
Ckls. $2.50. 100% live del. guar. Postpaid. Can ship
now. Country Hatchery, Box 97, McAlisterville, Pa.

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red inites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc. quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chcstertown, Md.

Photo — I. Kaufman, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Ducks in Pond on a Greenfield , New York Farm .

coNwnoMfn

• Help chicks and young birds grow
and develop. Give them TONAX in.
their mash. Especially after an attack
of any disease. And as a tonic and conditioner. Con¬
tains mild astringents to help relieve Enteritis; also
blood building elements. Tonax helps control intes¬
tinal parasites. It provides trace minerals and reliable
stimulants. For layers too. Inexpensive and conve¬
nient. 2-lb. can enough for 400 chicks for a month,
75 c. At your Lee Dealer or postpaid from

GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.

Manufacturers of

GERMOZONE, ACIDOX, GIZZARD CAPSULES
and other LEE POULTRY REMEDIES

FAIRPORT chick’s

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . . . Parmenter Reds
Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

„ n _ elDCn 21 years of steady breeding im-

• n, U. r. olKtU provement with bloodlines from
WH. LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those

- r-onec nnrnr above make this year’s chicks our

• LKUoa-DHtiiS greatest breeding values. U. S.

• SEXED CHICKS Approved— pullorum tested. Every

l j. breeder selected and banded by
in all breeds N. Y. State Dep’t. of Agriculture
ofBcial. Largest state supervised
hatchery In N. Y. We hatch the year round.

LOW PRICES — FREE CATALOG
Get low prices, breeding facts on Fairport Leg¬
horns, R. I. Reds, New Hampshires. White
Wyandottes, Barred and White Rocks. Also
Hamp-Rocks (sex-linked cross) and Rock-Hamp-
shires (barred cross) from Twichell and Lake
Winthrop strains. Write Today.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Box R Fairport, New York

BPumcmMER's mens

Cash or C. O. D. Post Paid Unsexed Pits Ckls

95% True to Sex 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Buff Orps., W. Wy., N. H. Reds _ 7.50 10.50 6.50

Jersey White Giants . 9.00 12.00 9.00

Lamonas (Dual Purpose Breed) . 10.00 20.00 4.00

Heavy Mixed. .$5.75-100; Heavy Cockerels. .$6.00- 100.

All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

White or Barred Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

New Hampshires or S.C.R.I. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00

Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chicks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM,

Wm. Naee. (Prop.). Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

ERBSTER Ou^iiy CHICKS

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Postage Paid.
Will Ship C.O.D. Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

Sexing Guar. 95% 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.50 $13.00 $1.50

Br. & Wh. Rocks. R. I. Reds . 7.00 9.00 7.00

Rd.-Rk. Cross. S.L.Wy., N. H. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50
Bl. & Wh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas.. 8.00 11.00 8.00
Breeders Bloodtested. H. Mix $5.95: H. Mix Ckls $6
HERBSTER’S HATCHERY, Box R, McCLURE," Pa.'

„ del- suar- Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) loo 100 100

English White Leghorns . $6.00 $10.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R.I. Reds . 6.50 8.50 6 00

BABYCHICKS ’BaSBS'

Cash or C.O.D. Hanson or loo 500 1000

Eng. Deg. Pullets (9o%) . $1 1.00 $55.00 $1 10

Large Type Wh. Leghorns . 5.50 27 50 55

Bar., Wh. ILox, R. I. Reds . 7 00 35 00 70

Heavy Mix $6; Leg. Ckls. $1 50. Postpaid Free Cir
NIEMOND’S HATCHERY, Box R. McAlisterville. P^

Hanson Strain Leghorns

$2® to four year old hen breeders. R.O.P.
Chicks $6.50-100; Pu Met s*® $ 1 3$-'l00 1U°95 <1“" sex Gua?

pM;^eFOpUIid.^rkee°^P« ST

berger’s Poultry Farm Box 34, Richfield, Penna!

• MATTERM’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Barred & W. Rocks, W. Leghorns $7-100; New Hamn
shires $7.50; Rock-Red Cross $7.50; W. Giants ^9- L^S'
hom Pullets $13; Leg. Ckls. $1.50; H Mixed 16*
Postpaid. Cash or C- O. D. Free Circular®3

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

Wh It e^Corn i sh ^D ar k *Co rn i sh^ 5“*.%, W*
Goslings, Pekin and Mu scovy Ju ki ings Li t Free ’

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCH PRY
Est. of L. B. RITTEN HOUSE, Rt. 2, Ulfort,^

MOTTLED ANCONA CHICKS

23k!™? eggs?S Bloodtested.01 Write* for TaTaToG
and Full Details and get started on the road to real
Poultry Profit. Anconas will do it for you Sexed if

~utT,yv «jB. W £

DR. ROMIG’S p tested” CHICKS

Bar or Wh Rocks Wh Leghorns $7; New Hamp. $7.50;
Red-Rock Cross $8; W. Giiuits 1 $9: Lt. Brahmas $9.50;
H. M. $6, W. Leg. Pits. $13; W. L. Ckls. $1.50. 100%
live arrival Post Paid. Circular. DR. F. C. ROMIG
Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylvania

BIG CHICK BARGAINS
ft »,7«

Dark Cornish 12c ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 # fon

100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage COD 100-4,

Alive. EWING’S HATCHERY, BOX 2. McCLURE, PA.

CHICKS ?ew„ Hl»mPshires, Barred Rocks. White

HPTI a Bf»niTBBiorc»DL5’7^'i'10' C 0 D- shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Wh. Wyandotte Pullets gMj* $2

year. SHERMAN BOWDEN, Box I95A, Manst?eld, 0.

382

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 14. 1941

£th MONTH TRIUMPHS
NORTH • SOUTH • EAST • WEST

Highest PENS. All Breeds, at 4 Tests
Highest HENS, All Breeds, at 3 Tests
Highest Red PEN, 2-Year-Old Vineland Tests
Highest Red PEN. 4- Year-Old Class, Vineland Test
1st, 2nd & 3rd High Birds 2- Year Vineland Test
12 High-Scoring RED PENS (1st, 2nd & 3rd Places)
Highest PENS R. I. Reds, at 5 Tests
4th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds
I0TH CONSECUTIVE STATE AWARD
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts awarded its
1941 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to WARREN,
making the 10th consecutive time.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

Bonded Against B.W.

BROILER CHICKS

OF CONTROLLED BREEDING

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard’s
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, featherearly, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production.
Also sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

infillm

j+ M m Leghorns-Keds-Ji
-■MM- New Hampshires- Ha

nag

“WELL BRED/^WELL BREEDERS"

Pullorum Free by State Test since 1927.
"Never a week without a hatch" since 1927.
Quality chicks since 1911. Catalogue Free.

Send for this Catalogue, Its interesting

All chicks produced from flocks tested for Pul¬
lorum Disease (B.W.D.) by the Official State test¬
ing agency of one of the 6 New England States, with
NO REACTORS FOUND
Tube Agglutination tested within the preced-
_ ing year, _

Over 59 million chicks in past 10 years. We ship
prepaid, and guarantee 100% live delivery.

Hall Bros. Hatchery, Inc. w.iiiJ?BY.rd?conn.

WHITruOCK

I BABY A JJ*

J CHICKS.. IV* too

EGGS FOR Pta

■m MATCHING...: w. IOO

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-

I MAN’S ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
■ FREE circular.

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE At ONE PRICE.

JOSEPH

TOLMAN

dept. f

ROCKLAND

MASS.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler Quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — -N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

ers

NEW HAMPSHIRES

SPIZZERINKTUM

Chicks That Can Take It

Christie Chicks have the SPIZ-
ZERINKTUM that carries them
through the hot weather, and
them growing into prime broil-
roasters and early-maturing pullets.
N. HAMPSHIRES — BARRED ROCKS
CHRIS-CROSS BARRED HYBRIDS
40,000 Puilorum-Tested Breeders. No Re¬
actors. Write for catalog and prices on Chicks and
Hatching Eggs. Andrew Christie, Box 60, Kingston, N. H.

I — TWICHELL’S NEW HAMPSHIRES— !

I R.O.P. — Bred for Farm Flock Profits — egg and I
I meat qualities, less broodiness, etc. Pullorum I
I clean. Free Catalog tells full story. Write. I

I H. S. & M. E. Twichell, fit. I, Box R, Exeter, N. H. |

The Henyard

- . ■■■ ■ ■-== By T. B

Gray Eye in Poultry

Have you ever heard of a chicken
having anything called Gray eye, in
which the chicken goes blind? If
there is such a disease and a chicken
has a gray eye, is this disease fatal?

New York f. l. c.

There are two kinds of gray eyes
in chickens. First , inherited gray
eyes in which case the pupil of the
eye carries no pigment or color.
Specifically, the iris which carries
the pigment is devoid of color. This
gives a normal appearing eye but
with a grayish color in contrast to
“bay or “amber” of many hens.
Second, there is the grayish color
that develops in the eyes of birds
affected 'with paralysis or more de¬
finitely the leucosis complex. In this
disease the pupil of the eye seems
to disintegrate and results in ultimate
blindness. The leucosis complex in¬
cludes among other things involve¬
ment of the nerves, tumors, big
livers, and paralysis.

The Federal Government has es¬
tablished at East Lansing, Michigan,
an extensive research laboratory to
study this disease as to (1) cause,
(2) method of transmission and (3)
control or prevention.

Hens that; show this disintegrated
pupil should be eliminated from the
flock, because they will not recover.

I would suggest that you contact
your nearest state autopsy laboratory
as to a positive diagnosis of your
trouble.

Glass Poultry House

I would like your opinion on the
advisability of building a henhouse
on the type of a hothouse, using a
shingled roof instead of a glass
roof, to keep heavy snows from
breaking the roof in Winter and to
keep excessive heat out in Summer.
However, ail sides would be made
of glass or cellophane so that sun¬
shine can enter all around and be
more beneficial to the birds. In the
Winter it is to be heated. Could
you give an estimate on what a hen¬
house like this would cost? J. G.

New York

The type of construction you
suggest has not been successfully
used for poultry houses. The green¬
house type, with a large amount of
glass, provides too rapid changes in
temperature, also a very hot house
in Summer, and cold house in Winter,
unless heated as you plan. It would
also be expensive to heat because
of excessive radiation of heat with
so much glass.

• The cost of modern houses that
can be heated will run somewhere
between $2.50 and $3.50 per hen
allowing four square feet of floor
space per bird. In other words, a
house 20x50 ft. should house about
250 birds, and would cost from $625
to $875 depending on local lumber
and labor costs. However, this would
not cover installation of a heating
plant.

Possible Polyneuritis

I have a Buff Rock cockerel that
stands up with his neck drawn back
resting his head firmly on his back,
his head turned slightly to either
side, and does not eat. When he tries
to move his head he tumbles for¬
ward or sideways. I have been feed¬
ing him by hand, and gave him cod
liver oil daily. He will sit still for
hours, then stand for hours at a time.
He acts like a chick with crazy chick
disease, but he is nearly a year old.
I have never experienced this before.
Folks tell me it is limber neck. But
his neck is anything, but limber. It
is drawn back in an “s” shape and
never straightens out. When I push
his neck out he closes his eyes and
his head goes down flat. e. e. j.

Pennsylvania

The symptoms suggest polyneuritis.
This is due to a Vitamin B deficiency,
and the feeding of dried brewers’
yeast or wheat germ meal should
help to correct the condition. The
symptoms are nervous trouble of
some kind, such as head pulled back,
emaciation, paralysis, loss of appetite,
and in some cases convulsions.

In true limberneck, the bird’s head
hangs down with the neck limp. Most
cases of limberneck are due to food
poisoning ox some kind.

Charles = = ==-

Poultry House Problem

I am going to build a new poultry
house 20x20 ft. and would like to
know about putting cement around
it. I am going to put wire cloth on
to trowel it against the wire.

Rhode Island j. w. g.

If I understand your letter correct¬
ly, you are planning to put wire
netting directly over the studding
and cover this wire netting with
concrete, troweling it on. It is
possible that this can be done with
satisfactory results, but I do not
believe it would make a suitable hen¬
house. Concrete used in this manner
as a side wall, would be cold in
Winter and hot in Summer. It would
be necessary to insulate a house built
in this manner. As yet, I have not
seen many concrete, tile or cinder
block henhouses that have been very
satisfactory.

Concrete makes a fine foundation
and floor for a poultry house. How¬
ever, I would build the house itself
of frame (wood construction) cover¬
ing with a good grade of siding. I
have spent some time for several
Summers in a cottage at Cape Cod
made as you suggest for your hen¬
house. I am thus convinced that
that type of construction would not
be suitable for even a henhouse.

Bread for Poultry

I have a small poultry farm, and
am able to get a great deal of bread.
It is never over four or five days old
when I feed it to the chickens. Is
bread good for chickens, and is there
any limit to the amount? e. k.

Pennsylvania

Stale bread, dried, has nearly the
same feeding value as whole wheat,
except that it is about two per cent
lower in protein content. Stale
bread just as you receive it from
the baker is of somewhat less value.

Bread could be used in a limited
way by using dried stale bread
ground up in the dry mash to re¬
place an equal amount of wheat or
wheat by-products, such as wheat
bran and wheat midlings. If you
are mixing your own mash this
would be an easy way to utilize
bread.

You could also use stale bread as
you receive it from the baker as an
ingredient in a moist mash, using
not over 20 per cent, that is one
pound bread to four pounds mash,
mixed with the regular laying mash.
Give the birds, daily, around noon,
about what they will clean up in
15 to 20 minutes, of this moist mash
mixture.

Electric Brooder

Will it be practical for me to
make and install an electric brooder?

I am going to buy good chicks.

Pennsylvania a. c.

You get about what you pay for
in any kind of a brooder. Homemade
electric brooders probably work satis¬
factorily in most cases. If you follow
directions very carefully in con¬
structing the hover or canopy that
must be used for the “make your
own electric brooder” your results
will be O.K. Unless you know some¬
thing about the requirements of a
brooder, I would recommend that
you purchase a good electric brooder
all ready to use, and that will be
backed by its manufacturer.

Unless you have the proper electric
hookup to your brooder, you will
not be satisfied. So I would recom¬
mend that you have an electrician
or your electric power company run
the proper sized line into your
brooder house so that you can just
plug in the brooder and not worry
about its working. As you plan to
buy good chicks, you can insure
raising good pullets by having a good
electric brooder properly installed.

Useful Poultry Books

Commercial Poultry Raising,

H. A. Roberts . $3.00

How to Select the Laying Hen,

Lamon and Kinghorne . 1.25

Poultry Production,

Lippincott & Card . 4.00

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

BARRON iiomm

CHICKS

From Large Size,
heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks
from Free Range Blood-
tested healthy vigorous selected

stock. For June delivery at $7 per
100; $20 per 300; $33 per 500; $65
per 1000. Sexed Pullets $14 per 100;
$66 per 500; $130 per 1000.

Cockerels $1.50 per 100.

Order from this ad. or write for Cat.

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Box R. Kleinfeltersviile, Pa.

Wnr-IUD FROM PROVEN STKJUMS

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS. CROSS BREEDS

Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar. to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old ALSO I r*“;
For Sale Now I to ready-to-lay CnlLna

Write for C&taleo A. Price*. Hatche* year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fingar. Owner & Manager.

BOX H, HUDSON, NEW YORK

Cs&r%*/Qm/rymcKS

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Tyne S. C. Str. Plt3- Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6-00 $12.00 $3.00

White Rocks . . .

B. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds . 6.00 9.00 6.00

New Hampshire Reds . 6-50 £.00

Heavy Mixed . 5*50 8.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Antigen Method.
We pay all postage. Sexing guar. 95% on all bullet
Chicks. Order direct from ad. or write for FREE

POULTRYCaFARMr. C’Box "R. ' McAiisterviile, Pa.

SUNNY SLOPE CHICKS

100% live arrival guar. Postpaid. — Cash or C. O. D.
Order direct from ad. All Breeders Bloodtested.
Hatches every Mon. Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.

and Thursday 100 100 100

Large Eng. Wh. Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 9.50 7.00

Bar. & W. Box. Rd.-Itk. Cr. . . . 7.00 8.50 7.00

It. I. Reds & Wh. Wyand . 7.00 8.50 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.50 5.50

Extra quality chicks bred for size & egg production.
Pullets guaranteed 90%. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Sunny Slope Hatchery, Inc., Dept. R, Thompsontown, Penna.

^ CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

95% Guar. Pullets Str. Pult’s Ckls.

_ 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns. .$5.50 $11.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.50

Red-Rock Cross . 7.00 9.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 7.00 9.00 6.50

Black Minorcas . 6.50 12.00 2.50

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 7.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D.
It will pay you to get our 1941 FREE Catalog of
31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner. Box 49, McAiisterviile, Pa.

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) . . .$5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. liox, R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.50 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery. Box R. McAiisterviile. Pa.

HANSON STRAIN

LEGHORN

BABY PULLETS— 2 to 12 weeks
old Pullets. Also N. Hampshires.
B. & W. Rocks. Sexed or un-
sexed. Day old or Started. Com¬
plete price list and booklet FREE

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

MAPLE LAWN CHICKS

Hatches every Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpaid. Pits. Ckls. Str.

Large Eng. White Leghorns . $12.00 $2.00 $6.00

Barred & White Rocks . 8.50 7.00 7.00

Red-Rock Cross . 8.50 7.00 7.00

R. I. Reds & Wh. Wyandottes _ 8.50 7.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.50 5.50 6.00

Buy Now! Extra Quality! Bred for size and egg pro¬
duction. All Breeders Bloodtested. Pit's 90% guar.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Maple Lawn Hatchery, Box R, McAiisterviile, Pa.

NACE’S QUALITY CHICKS

We pay postage. Safe delivery guaranteed.

Han. or Eng. Large Type 100 500 1000

Sex Leg. Pit’s (95% guar.) . $12.00 $60.00 $120

Large Type Wh. or Br. Leg . 6.00 30.00 60

B. & W. Rox, R. I. & N. H. Reds 7.00 35.00 70

Wh. Wyand. & Buff Orps . 7.00 35.00 70

Leghorn Cockerels . 2.00 9.00 18

Assorted or H. Mixed . 6.00 30.00 60

From Free Range Flocks. Circular FREE.

J. N. NACE POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
BOX R, RICHFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA

lin Poultry Farms,

i Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.

I Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers !
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-
Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

mJEjlIJLLXXm* WORLD’S oldest laying: strain,
cyw Officially blood tested. R.O.P. State Supervised. “One
I2S/ Breed— Bred Right”. Satisfied customers circle the
lobe. Eggs— Chicks & Youngsters. MODERATE PRI-
IES. Catalog FREE. Joe Parks & Sons* Altoona, Pa.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON. (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

CHICKS Parmenter Reds. Rock Red Cros3. 1 to 4 year
old breeders. RED-W-FARM, WOLCOTT. N. Y.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

383

What Our Farm Women Think About Milk Prices

A few weeks ago in The Rural I read

Of a woman whose children were going unfed.

For the milk, she says, she pays 15 a quart,

And because of the price, her children go short.

In plain English she asks
Is the farmer to blame?

As if ’twas from him
That the high prices came.

But no one to Mrs. Green does tell
That for this good milk we farmers sell
We all of us get practically nothing at all,

In Spring and Summer and Winter and Fall.

Feeding costs for the cows are greater

Than the price we farmers receive

For the milk that we give to the dealer each day.

Yet that is what few can believe.

The farmer receives one ninety a hundred
Which figures just four cents a quart,

Perhaps that answers the city wife’s wonder,

And shows up the dealer a pretty cheap sport.

Consumers may think we get a great price,

But our taxes and labor are all doubled twice,

From four in the morning till late in the night
We farmers are working. Is that treating us right?

City folk think farmers are backward and dumb,

They’ve not had their chance; but their time will sure come.

So please, city people, when milk costs a great deal,

It’s the dealer who gets it. Think how farmers must feel!

Jefferson County, N. Y. Miss Edna L. Radley

’Tis a laugh you give us, Mrs. Green,

Are we getting rich? Yes you said it!

We get about 4 of that 15,

With necessities bought on credit.

The cow feed, machinery and building repairs.

The groceries, the grass seed, the lime;

The tractor, the car, and the over-stuffed chairs,
Are all bought through notes or on time.

The trucker takes his share,

The hired man gets his wages,

The feedman always weeps in despair

But the farm wife just looks at the catalogue pages.

So before you lower our price, Mrs. Green,

Think that one thousand quarts brought us forty
For which you paid one hundred and fifty.

Now if we could split that hundred and ten,

We’d all be doing quite nifty.

Otsego County, N. Y. Mrs. Harry Wayman

Apparently the Greens aren’t farmers
Or they’d surely understand
How unpaid we dairy farmers are
For our milk and our work on the land.

We realize more than ever just now,

We’re the most underpaid people alive.

For although the consumer pays 15 a quart
For years, we have never seen 5.

Our milk is shipped to the Dairymen’s League
And is gathered up every day.

But the price is all fixed for us

By dealers. We farmers have- nothing to say.

Like the crops the farmer raises,

We must take what we can get.

To survive, we must deprive ourselves
Of all enjoyment, and yet

We’re busy from sunrise to darkness,

No one works as hard to live,

And the big men only use us
While we have provisions to give.

If only we had some square leaders
As square as the good R. N.-Y.,

We could soon get our whole house in order.
It’s worth it. Let’s get out and try!

Monroe County, N. Y. Mrs. Frank Robb

Ask for Free Demonstration'

to prove that you can have

HOT WATER

ALWAYS

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Here ... at last! ... is a portable,

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The Dairy-Maid needs no pressure.

Fill it from faucet or pail, just as
you wish. And no expensive instal¬
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in a word ... the Dairy-Maid Elec- Guarantee of Durability . . .

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Write for a FREE DEMONSTRA-

™N right in your milk house. Do BABSON BROS. CO. Of N.Y.

it 1 ODAY . 5fi6 Spencw Sf f Dfipf ft_907j Syracuse, N. T.

[Mail Coupon for FREE DEMONSTRATION Offer!

BABSON BROS. CO. of N.Y., 566 Spencer St., Dept. A-907, Syracuse, New York

1 Please send me your Free Demonstration Offer on the Dairy-Maid |
| Heater, together with your Easy Monthly Terms.

B Name . . . .

^Town . R.F.D . Slate . .^i

NEW, Faster

hinman milker

Gets MORE MILK

MORE BUTTERFAT

users say-

Write today for free foldei
on the new Hinman milker —
the sensation of the milkei
world. Learr
how its gentler
low- vacuum
milking actior
soothes the
— „ cows . . . emp¬

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milks up to 15 cows per
hour with one unit. Read
how its faster milking
helps you get more milk,
more butterfat than from
all slower methods of
milking. And how this
extra production soon
pays for the new Hinman.
Easy to handle, easy to
clean, the new Hinman
milker is the result of 33
years of success in making
milkers. Write today for the
new Hinman Folder — no
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Hinman Milking Machine Co.

Growing in Leadership Since 1915
— MARIETTA is today’s “Greatest
Name In Silos.” Made definitely so
by our famous Built-to-Endure Super-
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and Nature’s outside attacks. Lock-joint, “drop-
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MARIETTA

CONCRETE
Marietta

These

in service near
Emmettsburg, Pa.

Baltimore, Md. - Scotia. N.Y. - LilesvIHe, N.C.

BETTER ENSILAGE— LESS WORK

with Dellinger
Hay Chopper - Silo Filler

Mastitis Control

Could you inform us on the cause
and control of mastitis? F. h. e.

Mastitis and garget are infections
of the udder, one or more quarters
may be affected. Cows with this
trouble should be kept away from
the rest of the herd, at least placing
them on the end of the string with
an empty stall between, and milk
them last. The germs causing the
trouble may be carried on the hands
of the milker or from the machine
unless disinfected thoroughly after
milking. Reduce their feed and do
not feed more than 12 .or 16 per cent
protein feeds for their concentrates.
The services of a veterinarian would
be advisable. r. w. d.

Cow’s Milk for Orphan Pigs

Is it true that cow’s milk will
kill little pigs if fed to them. I have
been told that it would and don’t
like to try it to find out. i. c. L.

Investigations by Hughes and Hart
of the California Experiment Sta¬
tion show that sows produce about
6.8 pounds of milk per day for an
average lactation period of 8 to 12
weeks. The average composition of
normal sows milk was: total solids
17.98%, fat 6.77%, protein 6.22%,
and ash 0.97%.

A high testing cows milk fed fresh
and at frequent intervals is satis¬
factory and good for orphan pigs.
Fresh sows milk is sweet when
secreted. r. w. d.

SPECIAL PRICES TO EARLY BUYERS
SPECIAL TO DAIRYMEN

We have just developed an entirely
new Silo— TUB DAIRYMAN’S Silo —
adapted especially to your needs. Very
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no obligation.

NORTHERN SALES BRANCH
„ J. M. FRAWLEY.

1152 Sumner Ave., Schenectady, N. Y.
or

ECONOMY SILO & MFC, CO.
Dept. K Frederick, Md.

WOOD .CONCRETE. TILE. METAL

Use this modern combination hay chopper-
silo filler for grass crops in spring and summer,
corn ensilage in fall. 4 sizes, 8 types. SKF ball
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you can make hay —
rain or shine.

Write for bulletin.

DELLINGER MFG. CO., 73J N. Prince SL, Lancaster, Pa.

MINERAL COMPOUNn

1*1 HELPFUL HORSE TONIC 1/
IN USE 61 YEARS

Mineral Remedy Co., Boa 821, Pittsburgh, Ps.

384

June 14, 1941

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

A Garden Will Not Grow Alone
and Neither Will a Family

This is the story of one man’s
family and his garden. In the
growth of this family the garden has
given not only food, but also valu¬
able lessons for work and play. In
the planning of a home for little
folks or big, some space and lots
of time should be saved for a garden
plot.

There came a time in the life of
our family when four boys were
through with tinker-toys and trains.
They were ready for serious work,
but not grown enough for earning.
This period is often occupied with
the development of hobbies or small
jobs in the neighborhood. At best,
these are fill-ins to take the time
until the young people are ready for
serious work. As the child from in¬
fancy to manhood develops through
the stages which primitive man has
traveled, we decided our family
would take to pioneering for this
Summer — and we really did pioneer.
An old farm was discovered in
Western Pennsylvania about 10
miles from Dad’s work.

The idea had to be presented to
the boys as gently as possible. One
bright day a picnic was arranged,
and we all started off in high spirits.
After exploring the creek, an old
apple orchard in blossom, a cold
spring, and the tumble-down house,,
it seemed natural at the picnic fire
that the conversation should turn to
the fun a country boy can have.
Even the idea of carrying water, and
bathing in the creek, when you had
to bathe, was interesting to city boys.
To wear whatever old clothes you
wanted, to have no neighbors com¬
plain of your campfires or noise —
what a delight! The day was a
success.

Many family conferences followed.
These in themselves were a joy and
pleasure. To have the whole clan
taking equal part in an undertaking
was a new experience. The five hills
of cucumbers which junior was
planning to grow were given as
much consideration as the rows and
rows of limas which Bill was de¬
termined to have. For once, Bill
was going to have enough lima beans.
It was decided that there would be
no money allowances in the Summer.
Dad would stake the farmer his
seeds. Each boy was allowed to
choose any vegetable he wished.
Directions are usually complete on
seed packages, and seed catalogues
are a fine handbook of planting. If
directions are followed you are sure
to get some crop. In his second year
even a young gardener will learn
to choose what he can grow ^est.
Each gardener would sell his pro¬
duce to mother for the kitchen; this
proved a wonderful idea. The amount
of vegetables eaten that year was
a surprise.

A great deal of our success that
year was attributed to our luck in
finding a perfect spot. It was truly
wild, and free and beautiful. We
would go out together and bring in
gallons of wild strawberries. I have
never had anyone believe we got
so many. I have never seen a place
to compare. Often Jim would go
out alone early in the morning to
his secret patch and come back
proudly laden. He brought me straw¬
berries, and he got his money for
them; but I am sure the memory
of those mornings will be a future
treasure to him. There are so many

exciting things happening in the
country that you cannot enjoy un¬
less you live the country life.

Every year has had its mistakes;
but with gardening you don’t be¬
come down-hearted. There is al¬
ways the next year in which to plan
improvements. We learned to put
the garden patch on the field below
the porch. It was never necessary
to mention cultivating. Lunch was
served on the porch and attention
naturally was drawn to the view
below. Any poor patch was silently
noted by the owner, and the joy of
having everyone admire your
straight rows was ample reward for
work. In the garden the discipline
is simple. No work means no pay
and no praise; and I believe to a
growing boy the praise is more im¬
portant. It was a constant surprise
that these city boys really enjoyed
the field work, but the pleasure of
nurturing a growing thing is well
proven, and the gratifying feeling
of offering your product is well
known.

We have moved several times, but
each new place must have garden
space. The flavor of vegetables,
picked, cleaned, and cooked within
the hour is worth all the work a
garden takes. The lessons we have
learned from our work together
have been learned pleasantly. For
all to work together gives each an
understanding and tolerance of the
other. A garden will not grow alone,
and neither will a family. Plants
must be cultivated and encouraged
— success takes time; this our boys
have learned. And I have learned
that children deserve the time it
takes to help them grow. For all the
work they do they should be en¬
couraged and praised. Every failure
is its own punishment.

The garden has grown; berries
have been planted, young fruit trees
have been set out. These are to bear
this year. It is too much patience
to ask of a boy that he work one
year and reap the next, so these
plantings have been Dad’s work. As
the produce has become too much for
one family, we have several cus¬
tomers. Our neighbors are only too
glad to pay top prices for fresh and
perfect fruit and vegetables. In this
natural way the boys have taken
one more step towards manhood. To
produce and sell your product to a
severe but appreciative public is a
satisfaction.

Thus, two of our teen-age boys
have grown to manhood and left our
home and garden. Instead of rest¬
ing, as we had imagined we would
do when the boys had left, we are
planning an even larger garden.
More neighbors have asked to be
put on our selling list. We hope
to find two more young boys to add
to our clan to discover with us again
this year all the glory and wonder
of the growing world. For the boys
away, we hope they will hold in
memory their garden experiences.
Like us, they must feel that though
man has upset and destroyed so
much, the world is still the same.
What man has made he can re-make,
as long as the Spring sun thaws,
the rains come, the earth is ready
for our labors. Ever mindful of the
plight of millions, we are thankful
for joy in the world of nature, and
work in our garden plot.

New York Elizabeth W. Meissner

Growing time for gardens and
boys keeps the Meissner family
together on their Rockland
County, New York, farm.

Slow Feathering

I have 450 R. I. Red chicks which
were in a room 13x14 for five weeks.
I suppose it was warm and therefore
they lost much of their feathers. I
put them in a chicken house 11x24.
The door is open all day. What shall
I do to help them grow feathers?

Massachusetts f. j. f.

Failure of a chick to grow feathers
properly is due mainly to one or
more of several things. (1) Inherited
slow and poor feathering; (2) Too
high brooding temperatures; (3) Too
low protein rations; (4) Overcrowd¬
ing; (5) Other faulty management.

If they grow feathers and lose
them as you suggest, it might be due
to any of the above factors, plus
possibly feather picking. Inasmuch
as you do not state the age of these
chicks, it is not possible to tell you
the amount of mash and grain to
feed daily.

JE I Y© U i TO Of can
(V §v BANK BY MAIL

Thousands of sav-
ers, everywhere,
bank with us regularly. loin
them! Enjoy insured protec¬
tion for your savings; interest
compounded semi - annually;
-many other advantages. Mail
coupon below for FREE book-1
let with full details of easy,
safe Bank by Mail plan.

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY

CITY fc? COUNTY SAVINGS" BANK*

100 STATE STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. B
Please mail free booklet about your bank
and easy, safe banking by mail plan.

Name . . .

Address .

City . . . State . .

Muskrat Catches Duck

Referring to “Ducks and Muskrats”
page 213, here is an incident I saw
while standing near the bank of a
little pond covering perhaps an acre
of ground, located a few hundred
yards below the source of the Niob¬
rara River in Wyoming, watching a
flock of full-grown wild ducks, Teal
or similar, I saw one disappear under
the water feet first. Running down
to the water I arrived just in time
to see that duck dragged into a misk-
rat hole opening below the surface.
So under some circumstances musk¬
rats do kill ducks evidently.

There were no muskrat houses
there and little or nothing to build
any out of, so perhaps it was a case
of duck or nothing for that rat. We
noticed him swimming towards the
ducks a few moments before he made
the catch. J. H. Tullis.

Maryland

The Connecticut R. O. P. Breeders’
Association will be represented by
its president, W- C. Peck, at the Na¬
tional Poultry Improvement Plan
Conference in Chicago June 17-20.
Mr. Peck is manager of Mount Fair
Farm, Watertown, Conn.

BLACK LEGHORN CHICKS

LIVE, LAY, PAY. Great layers large white eggs. No
disease or cannibalism $8.00-100. Sexed pullets $16.00-
100. Prompt weekly deliveries. Postpaid. Also three
months old pullets. Circular.

A. E. HAMPTON, Box R, PITTSTOWN, N. J,

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland’s Bronze Turkey Belt

Liberal DISCOUNT on early ORDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

6000 HARDY BRONZE POLILTS WEEKLY

From Bloodtested stock. Livability. Quick Maturing.
Baby Beef Type. Write for our Price List.

HIGHLAND FARM - Sol lersvi I le. Pennsylvania

Sure-Profit POULTS

Leading Varieties '
High Quality 1 I
Low Cost ! ? !

Catalog Free. ltOSF.ItAl.I, POULTRY FARM, Quakcrtona, Pa

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS

prices. Circular.

SEIDELTON FARMS, WASH INGTONVILLE, PA.

Bronze, Bourbon Red, (Royal Palm) Black Turkeys,
eggs. Poults. Elsie Hallock, Washington Depot, Conn.

MAMMOTH PEKIN DUCKLINGS

LAKEVIEW POULTRY FARM, Box R, Barker, N. Y.

DUCKLINGS

Imperial Mommoth Pekins $14-100.
Meadowbrook, Box R, Richfield, Pa.

DUCKLINGS — Highest quality. Lowest prices.
Lipory’s Duck Hatchery. Rt. I, Now Brunswick, N. J.

Ducklings

Mammoth Pekins $14 hundred. Runners
$13. Harry Burnham, N. Collins, N. Y.

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

It is interesting and informative. It
is also suggestive of the early habits
and customs that may have affected
the industry down to the present
time. The author was born on a
dairy farm and shared its trials and
hardships, its interests and pleasures
for 30 years. The present milk system
began in 1870 and the author has
been able to write from personal
memory, constant and intimate con¬
tact for 70 years. He has known all the
organizations and most of the leaders
of them in the New York milkshed.

As a boy, impressed with the farm
cooperative principles advocated by
the Grange, he has been a consistent
champion of a dairy cooperative

system down to the present time.

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer and distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for distribution based
on costs plus the average rate of profits paid by the producers •
on the supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete refer¬
ence index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

385

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 387.

Help Wanted

COUPLE — Woman for housework, no
laundry or cooking; man generally handy,
no vegetables or livestock; year round. $40.
ADVERTISER 1937, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A housekeeper, by middleaged
man; living on eastern Long Island. Com¬
fortable modern home. ADVERTISER 1940,
care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE WOMAN, light housework, small
chicken farm; good home, year round
for willing worker; $20 mbnthly. BECK-
WITT, Bound Brook, N. J.

GIRL, EXPERIENCED, general housework,
good home, steady position; two children.
$32 month start. J. GROTSKY, 320 East
197th St., Bronx, N. Y.

WANTED — Married couple with not more
than one child. Woman to run boarding
house with all modern conveniences with
2 to 7 boarders. Man must be good ma¬
chine milker. Free house. Man’s wages $80
a month, $1 a day for boarders, two quarts
free milk. Good references required. AD¬
VERTISER 1941, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN for retail milk business.

Good opportunity for ambitious young
man. Address ADVERTISER 1944, care
Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARMER, must be good milker and
also familiar with milking machine. Good
wages to man with ability. Address ADVER¬
TISER 1945, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young Protestant girl that would
like working with turkeys. Connecticut.
Permanent. State wages expected. AD¬
VERTISER 1947, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young Protestant girl, help
housework, help with chores, some poul¬
try, one cow. Two in family. In Connecticut.
Permanent. ADVERTISER 1948, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single reliable man for general
farm work, good milker, teamster. No
liquor. Or will consider boy 14-18. JOHN
RODIN, Bethlehem, Conn.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, between ages
20 to 40; plain cooking. Adult family.
$40 to $50 salary. ADVERTISER 1949, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, MIDDLEAGED, refined, healthy,
honest. General work, small country place;
milk and care of purebred goats. Own room
and bath, attractive surroundings; con¬
siderate adults. References. $20 monthly.
BOX 97, Towaco, N. J.

MAN ON dairy farm. $70 per month, house
and privileges. BOX 82, New Scotland,
New York.

COUPLE WANTED for small modern farm,
Northern New Jersey. To live in with
owner; no furniture required. Very good
steady position. $70-$80. Woman housework,
plain cooking. Man, all round farm work,
dog hand, milker preferred. Must have good
character. WILLIAM GARTNER, Stephens-
burg, R. D., Port Murray, N. J.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN for large
commercial broiler plant; married, good
wages; free rent. ZORN’S POULTRY
FARMS, Glenwood Landing, L. I., N. Y.

NURSE, WHITE, sleep in, care child 3 and
infant; $45. Write age, references. BOX
552, Ardsley, N. Y.

COOK, HOUSEWORKER, white, sleep in.

All electrical equipment; $45. Write age,
references. BOX 552, Ardsley, N. Y.

WANTED — A live young man of good habits,
that is faithful and trustworthy, that is
a good worker, that saves his money, that
is interested in registered Holstein-Friesian
cows for general farming; will pay good
wages. ADVERTISER 1953, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man for general dairy
farming. Good dry-hand milker; $45
monthly. HAROLD GANTNIER. Danbury,
Conn.

WORKING FARM manager for small
Connecticut dairy farm (near Danbury).
New barn and equipment, modern living
conditions, married, no children; wife to
help with housework. Agricultural College
training preferred. ADVERTISER 1954, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR country home in Connecticut,
family of two. Wife, general housework;
man, all around work, gardening, lawn,
trees, automobiles. Prefer quiet, middleaged
(about 40), reliable couple. Permanent po¬
sition, separate living quarters. State age,
references, salary and all details. ADVER¬
TISER 1955, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG, SINGLE, assistant herdsman, to
work with purebred Ayrshires on modern
dairy farm in Northern Jersey. Permanent
position. State experience and wages first
letter. ADVERTISER 1956, care Rural New-
Yorker.

SINGLE MAN on poultry breeding farm,
experience unnecessary but must be will¬
ing, healthy, industrious and sober. Good
opportunity. State full particulars, including
wages, age, height, weight and enclose
photo. BOX 84, Cuddebackville, N. Y.

TWO THOROUGHLY experienced men 30
to 55 years, work in sales stable and
riding school; that can ride and instruct.
Wages $80 month, room, board, four months
Summer. $80 month, room Winter. Plenty
of work, long hours, sure pay. Boozers
save stamps. PAINES STOCK FARM,
Franklin, Mass. Telephone 433.

WANTED — Steady farm hand, tractor, milk¬
ing machine; $35 and board. F. E.
WILLIAMS, LaFargeville, N. Y.

DIRT FARMER, to work farm, house and
milk provided; salary $60 per month.
TALMAGE, 150 74th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for April 1941 is $1.87 for 3.5 per
cent milk in the 201-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk) $2.45 per
cwt.; Class 1 (relief) $1.88 per cwt.; Class

2- A (fluid cream) $1.96 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,788; 2-C,
$1,738; 3-A, $1,675; 3-B, $1,688; 3-C, $1,518;

3- D. $1,463 ; 4- A, $1,388; 4-B, $1,364.

Fluid sales for the whole month of April

amounted to 203,463,105 pounds and there
was a total of 576,960,186 pounds of milk
in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 14(4 cents;
27 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 36(4 to 37c; 91 to 92
score, 35% to 36c; 88 to 90 score, 34(4 to
35(4c; unsalted, best, 36% to 37(4c; 90 to
92 score, 35(4 to 36(4c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 27(4 to 29c;
specials, 26(4 to 27c; standards, 25%e;
firsts, 24%c; undergrades, 24(4c; exchange
mediums, 25c; Pacific Coast specials, 34c;
standards, 32c; mediums, 28c. Brown, extra
fancy, 30c; specials, 27c; standards, 25%c;
mediums, 24(4c; duck eggs, 27c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2(4 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, 1(4 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality. Undergrades and small sizes pro¬
portionately lower. Fowls, 21c; chickens,
23c; roosters, 14c; turkeys, 22c; ducks, 12c;
rabbits, lb., 18 to 20c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 23 (4c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 28c;
capons, 32(4c; roosters, 18c, squabs, lb.,
34 to 38c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $10.75; bulls, $8.25; cows, $8;
calves, $13; lambs, $12.75; hogs, $9.70.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $3.50; stringbeans, bu.,
$2; beets, bu., 75c; cabbage, l(4-bu., 90c;
carrots, 50 lbs. $1; celery, crate, $3.75;
sweet corn, 100, $2; cucumbers, bu., $2.50;
lettuce, bu., $1; lima beans, bu., $3; onions,
50-lbs., $2.50; peas, bu., $2; peppers, bu.,
$3.50; radishes, bu., $1; spinach, bu., 60c;
squash, 24 qts., $1; tomatoes, lug, $2; water
cress, bunch, 2 to 8c; mushrooms, 3-lb.
bkt„ 75c; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.75; sweet
potatoes, bu., $2.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1 to $1.50; blackberries, qt.,
15 to 20c; huckleberries, qt., 25 to 30c;
strawberries, qt., 10 to 22c; oranges, box,
$4; grapefruit, box, $3.50; peaches, (4 bkt., $1.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, Timothy, $20; No. 2, $18;
No. 3, $16; clover mixed, $22; straw, oat
and wheat, $13; rye, $20.

Grain

Wheat, No. 2, red, $1.14; corn. No. 2,
yellow, 90c; oats. No. 2 white, 48(4c;
rye, 64V8C; barley 78(4c.

FEED

Bran, $25.60; middlings, $28.10; hominy,
$34; Unseed meal, $25; cottonseed meal, $34.

BUFFALO FEED

Middlings, $25.50; bran, $25.50; corn, No.

2, yellow, 87c; oats, No. 2, white. 46c.

RETAIL PRICES at New York

Butter, 45 to 47c; eggs, 45 to 48c; new
potatoes, lb.. 3 to 4c; stringbeans, lb., 12c;
peas, lb., 15c; lettuce, head, 5 to 10c;
apples, doz., 40 to 60c; chickens, lb., 30 to 35c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 40c; eggs, 29c; live fowls, 22c;
chickens, 21c; dressed fowls, 23c; chickens.
30c; squabs, 34 to 38c; apples, bu., $1.50:
carrots, bu., $1.25; mushrooms, 3 lbs., 60c;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.25; sweet potatoes,
bu., $1.25.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 36!4c; eggs, 25c; hens, 22c;
chickens, 20c; turkeys, 22c; apples, bu.,
$1.40; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.90; hay, $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $10.25; bulls, $9.25; cows. $8:
calves, $10.50; sheep, $5; lambs, $9.75;
hogs, $9.65.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11.25; cows, $8.25; bulls, $9.50;
calves, $12; sheep, $5; lambs, $12; hogs, $10.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 36c; eggs, 30c; dressed fowls, 24c;
chickens, 23c; turkeys, 31c; apples, bu.,
$1.75; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.50; wool, fleece.
46 to 47c; bran, $26.75; middlings, $26.50;
red dog, $28; hominy feed, $35; hay, $21.

Young Dickie Carlson, Closter, N. J.,
starts his 1941 corn patch.

GIRL FOR general housework, 2 children;

permanent. Can use two in neighboring
homes. State experience, salary expected.
MRS. FERGUSON, 315 Hurlburt Road,
Syracuse, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced poultrymen for
work on breeding farm; good pay. DAVID
COHEN, Guilford, Conn. Telephone 441.

EXPERIENCED MARRIED man for dairy
and general farming. If possible 1 or 2
extra help. SAMUEL FISHER, Ghent, N. Y.

COOK FOR kitchen and dining room work,
July and August. Country home taking
up to 10 adult boarders. Describe self; send
all particulars, references, salary desired.
BOX 61, Ridgebury, N. Y.

COUPLE FOR country home of two elderly
people. Woman for housekeeping and
plain cooking. Man for garden and out¬
side work. P. O. BOX 61, Kitchawan, N. Y.

WANTED — Congenial, Protestant woman
with driver’s license to share expenses,
widows home. MRS. GEORGE DOWNEY
R. D. 3, Ballston Spa, N. Y.

Situations Wanted I

A FIRST class poultry manager, single
presently employed but who is looking
for a suitable situation where capability
earnestness and conscientiousness will be
appreciated. College trained, years of prac¬
tical experience; an expert in every angle
of the business, is looking for a first class
plant where he will be treated right and
knows how to treat others right. No cheap
jobs need answer this advertisement or any
share or rent propositions either. Am a
first class man and expect only first class
plants will answer my requirements. It
will pay you to investigate. Best of refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 1896, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm jobs for boys 17-19, refer¬
ences required, agriculturally trained;
available July 1st. S. FISCH, 108-56 53rd
Ave., Corona, L. I.

GARDENER, CARETAKER, middleaged and
married; 25 years experience on private
estates. J. L., Box 49, R. 1, Briarcliff, N. Y.

COUPLE, PRIVATE or public institution,
14 years administrative capacity. Man, 39,
farmer; wife, 37, registered nurse, now
supervisor large mental hospital. No farm
hand or cook jobs. ADVERTISER 1851
care Rural New-- Yorker.

BOYS FROM Vocational Agriculture High

School desire farm or nursery jobs for
the Summer. (Minimum $5 weekly plus keep
and transportation there). Write SEWAN-
HAKA PLACEMENT SERVICE, Floral
Park, L. I., N. Y.

POULTRYMAN, NO decent place avail¬

able. Propositions invited. Single no
habits. Salary, description. Christian only.
LARSSON, 18 E. Main, Port Jervis, N. Y.

FARMER. SINGLE, desires position on
small place or a caretaker’s job. Practical
experience, all around farmer. MEHREN
20 North William St., New York

AMERICAN, 45, white, Protestant, 6ft. tall,

weight 175 lbs. No liquor, no tobacco.
Able to assume responsibility. Good health
ADVERTISER 1904, care Rural' New-Yorker.'

POSITION OF companion-housekeeper to
lady; references. ADVERTISER 1906, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED MARRIED man open for
position any time; middleaged. Either
foreman or superintendent. Can handle
help to advantage, understand poultry,
gardening and livestock of all kinds. A
worker and can get results. Good references.
Understand building and construction and
rock gardens. ADVERTISER 1908, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL, PAST 18, Swiss descent wishes po¬
sition, child’s nurse. Experienced, cheer¬
ful, willing, honest; loves children. In ex¬
change for good job, decent wages.
MARTHA HUBER, Morrisville, Pa.

WANTED — Single man, past middleage as
farm manager. No drinking or smoking.
Life time experience; or would consider
job on chicken farm. C. JOHNSON,
Pennsville, N. J.

YOUNG MAN, Jewish, 36, vegetable or egg
farm. No experience, willing to learn.
No salary expecetd. HARRY GLICK, 302
Eastern Parkw-ay, Brooklyn, N. Y.

YOUNG HONEST boy, 17, wants job in
poultry battery plant, some experience;
wants to learn all details. ADVERTISER
1921, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG TRUSTWORTHY boy, 16, wants
job on poultry farm, some experience.
ADVERTISER 1922, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 26. inexperienced but strong,
intelligent, wants Summer work on small
farm or country place. Own room and
board. Salary secondary. ADVERTISER
1924, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, 39, single, experienced general farm¬
ing; all around handyman, operate tractor:
wishes position estate or camp. ADVER¬
TISER 1925, care Rural New-Yorker.

STRONG BOY, 16, wishes Summer farm
work. Experience. RAY GREENE, 165
Boulevard, Scarsdale, N. Y.

LABOR WITHOUT pay. American, 39,
Christian, offers owner of farm, estate,
his gadening, building experience without
pay; compensation: bed, board, five morn¬
ings in which to write, working afternoons,
Saturdays, Sundays. Expert cook, driver,
unafraid of work. References. ADVER¬
TISER 1931, care Rural New-Yorker.

WOULD LIKE to learn practical poultry
farming from experienced poultry farmer.
Engineer, 46, excellent driver, very handy,
work in exchange for good room and
board. ADVERTISER 1932, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARM, DAIRY, poultry manager; lifetime
experience. Practical, scientific; specialty
Guernseys. Leghorns. ADVERTISER 1935.
care Rural New-Yorker.

BOY INEXPERIENCED, willing; Summer
job; small pay. EDWARD FUNDIS, 1340
Webster Ave., Bronx, N. Y.

WIDOW WISHES to place 17 year old
son for Summer employment on better
farm; some experience. WALTER, Apt. 4-B,
Center Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y.

YOUNG MARRIED couple, caretakers;

capable full charge. State wages. ADVER¬
TISER 1942, care Rural New-Yorker.

AGRICULTURAL STUDENT, 15, desires
farm position, some experience; willing
to work, ambitious to learn. ADVERTISER
1943, care Rural New-Yorker.

RESPONSIBLE WORKING manager, full
charge, private place where conscientious
man desired; married, girls 12, 14. 25 years
experience all phases of farming, stock,
machinery; sober character, competent,
trustworthy, excellent references. Previous
position satisfactory 10 years. ADVERTISER
1946, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, RELIABLE, wish position; cook,
houseworker, gardener, lawn, repairs,
general useful. 'ADVERTISER 1950, care
Rural New-Yorker.

BOY, 14, interested in chicken farming for

Summer. Minor duties, board, room,
spending money. Send snapshot. ADVER¬
TISER 1952, care Rural New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: l, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1,60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY CLOVER raspberry blend, delicious;

5 lbs. 85c postpaid, 60 lbs. $6. Fall flowers,
Spanish Needle, 60 lbs. $4.20. JOSEPH
FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

FINE HONEY, glass jars, 8 oz. to 3 lb
and 5 lb. glass pails and tins; 2(4 lb. tins;
60 lb. can liquid clover mixed $3.80; best
clover $4.80. 10 lb. pail delivered, $1.75-

buckwheat $1.40. RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa,
New York.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs
(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb); chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. A nourishing food. FRANK MAN¬
CHESTER Middlebury, Vt.

HONEY: 60 best clover $4.50; 28, $2 25 not

prepaid 10 postpaid $1.50. Satisfaction
guaranteed. F. W. LESSER, Fayetteville,
New York.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 75c-
3 lbs. $2, prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

black walnut meats, 2 lbs.
$1.25; 5 lbs. $3. All quarters 75c. R. L.
HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

BEST BUCKWHEAT honey, 60 lbs. $3.60;

. j^eight paid to 600 miles. NELSON’S
APIARIES, 9012 South Military Road,
Niagara Falls, N. Y.

CHOICE CLOVER honey, 60 lbs. $4 30-

mixed Fall, $3.25. LAVERN DEPEwl
Auburn, N. Y.

j Country Board

CONVALESCENTS — Conveniences, nurses’
care. KATHERINE STEFFENS, Cochecton
New York.

SPEND YOUR vacation or weekends on
the farm with ELSIE and ERIC

AHLQUIST, Callicoon, N. Y.

RIVERSIDE FARMS, near mountains, river
swimming. Large modern home; $7 and
$9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

TWO VACANCIES in a small convalescent
home for chronic, bedridden, convalescent
or elderly patients. Excellent food, good
c*l%’ fr0™ weekly. ADVERTISER

1892, care Rural New-Yorker.

GREER HOME, Ellicottville, N. Y for aged

people. Permanent, or by month. Lovelv
place.

BOARDERS WANTED, comfortable country

house with all modem conveniences, bath,
electricity, telephone. Pleasant location on
main road near village, churches and stores
Bus passes door; 65 miles from New York
City. Reasonable rates. MRS. R. FITZ¬
GERALD. House-in-the-Pines, R F D I
Montgomery, N. Y.

WANTED— Summer board for girl 14, boy
11 on stock or dairy farm with riding
horses ADVERTISER 1895, care Rural

New-Yorker.

PLEASANT PLACE for your Summer
vacation; $15 weekly. Write to PEARL M.
STEVENS, R. F. D., Canaan, Conn.

ROOM AND board at “Hill Top,” lovely
quiet country home in the Shenandoah
v alley. For particulars write “HILL TOP,”
Box 344, Woodstock, Va.

SPEND YOUR vacation, week-ends on farm
Fresh air, good food, rest; $12 week.
LAWRENCE, South Hartwick, N. Y.

WANTED — Boarders, 200 miles from New
York. Booklet on request. MRS. BERT
PRATT, Route 1, Norwich, N. Y.

LARGE FARM, elevation 2,000; mile from
Route 6; beautiful views, all conveniences.
“OLD HOMESTEAD,” Mansfield, Pa.

A CORDIAL welcome to old and new

guests at Gordon Terrace. Wear your old.
clothes and be comfortable. $12 per week.
MABELLE GORDON, Williamsville, Vt.

| Miscellaneous f

FOR SALE, Niagara Crop Duster, 6 nozzle,
horse drawn. LESTER DINGMAN, North
Syracuse, New York.

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cauca¬
sian queens, 75c each; very gentle and pro¬
ductive. HARRY CONNER, Stockton, N. J.

COMPLETE ARNDT poultry battery equip¬
ment. Inquire SCHMALZ DAIRY FARM,
R. F. D. No. 3, Plainfield, N. J.

IF YOU have lumber for sale, write
GEORGE W. HUTCHINS & SONS, Indian
Lake, New York.

operated by one or two men, very cheap
to any one who needs it. HENRY
HEADMAN, R. D. 2, Dallas, Pa.

386

ttk RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 14, 1941

Why has the boss become so fussy
about quality eggs of late?

Haven* t you heard? He*s
building a fancy egg market
by telephone .

There is always some one who is willing to pay a
premium for quality. Use tlie telephone to find
this better market for your produce. Give the
telephone every possible opportunity to help boost
your farm income.

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM

WOLF "FARMERS’ FRIEND CHICKS

Now you can get WOLF "Farmers' Friend" Chicks at new low prices.
They’re from A. P. A. Registered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for
large egg production.

Order with confidence from this ad, or send for FREE GUIDEBOOK.
Only $1.00 books your order, balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

"A”

"AA”

“AAA”

Mating

$7.00

14.00

$8.00

16.00

Leghorn Pullets .

Leghorn Cockerels .

W. and Barred Rocks, R.I

2.95

3.95

Reds,

and

Wyandottes 6.50

7.50

8.50

W. and Bl. Minorcas, Buff

Orpingtons,

Australorp 6.50

7.50

8.50

White and Black Giants.

8.50

9.50

Assorted Heavies .

6.50

Odds - ends . -

6.00

Above prices are for 100

Chicks.

For

less than 100 add

50c to the price.

^WOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, G1BS0NBURG, OHIO

QUALITY
CH ICKS

€Lj£ct5cALLV HATCHED

Hatches Monday & Thursdays. Str. Pits. Ckls.

Catalog Free. Cash or C. O. D. 100 100 100
Large Hanson Str. W. Leghorns. .$6.00 $12.00 $2 00
Barf & W. Box, R. I. REDS.... 7.00 10.00 6.50

N. H. Reds . 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00

All Breeders Bloodtested for B. W. D.
delivery guaranteed. We pay all postage.

Catalog on Special Mating. Pullets guaranteed 95%.
Smith’s Electric Hatchery, Box R, Cocolamus, Pa.

COLONIAL IS FIRST

in total number chick* sold because Colonial prices, quality
and service are right I Why pay more? All leading breeds, also
sexed. Hatches year around except August. U. S. Approved.
Big Catalog free.

COLONIAL. POULTRY FARMS, MARION, OHIO

10.00 6.50
7.00 5.50
100% live
Write for

GRAYBILL’S checks

Electric Hatched from BLOOD-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-sex. Pits. CklB.

Large Type Eng. or Han- 100 100 100

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHORNS. .. . .$5.50 $11.00 $2.50
N. H. REDS (SPECIAL DIRECT) 9.00 13.00 6.50

Barred & White Bocks . . . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed (SPECIAL) . 5.50 7.00 5.50

Sexing guar. 95% acc. W'e pay all postage & guar.
100% live del. 4 wk. old Leg. Pullets $23-100. Ship¬
ped Exp. Collect. Order direct for immediate ship¬
ment or write for FREE Photo Cir. & Prices. C. S.
Graybill Hatchery, Box R, Cocolamus (Juniata Co.) Pa.

You may be interested to know
that recently I resisted the efforts
of a magazine salesman from a
circulation company who wanted
me to take another farm paper
when I asked for your magazine. I
did not know the one he offered
but I did know your publication
and thought it excellent enough to
justify no substitute. About three
years ago I shared a subscription to
The Rural New-Yorker with a
friend, to whom the magazine was
mailed, and since then no other
magazine would do in its field. This
subscription may be interpreted as
another vote in support of your milk
fight. More power to you!

New York l. w. w.

Such a letter inspires us to con¬
tinue our efforts to give our readers
the practical information they want
and appreciate. We hope to merit
the confidence.

I have read your Journal for
several years and your column en¬
titled Publisher’s Desk, and I wond¬
ered if a letter from you to the
Chicago Match Corp. would produce
any better results than I had. I sold
an order of matches for $17.95, I
collected $2 and balance was paid
on delivery. On examining the
matches they proved very unsatis¬
factory in quality and workmanship.
They were returned to the company
with request for a refund. I have
not received even the courtesy of
a reply. They accepted the returned
matches but will not make refund.
Can I get any action on this matter?
New York E. R. m.

We could not help this reader. We
wrote the company several times and
finally they returned our letter with
a pencilled notation , “The Book
Match Company have discontinued
operations.” We understand the
Federal Trade Commission checked
some of their representations.

On December 1, 1940, I sold

Samuel Apple, 224 Market Avenue,
Brooklyn, N. Y. 120 crates of
McIntosh apples for which he gave
me a check of $110.20 dated Novem¬
ber 30, 1940, on his account in the
Manufacturers Trust Company, 209
Montague St., Brooklyn. On Decem¬
ber 3 this check was returned to
me marked “insufficient funds” and
there was a protest fee of $1.30
which I had to pay. I immediately
notified Mr. Appel and asked him
to make the check good. After sever¬
al days he telephoned . me saying he
would pay when he made his
Christmas collections. Just before
Christmas he called again and said
I would have to give him more time
until after the holidays. Then I
heard he had gone bankrupt. Finally,

I was able to have Appel arrested
by State Troopers who found him in
Brooklyn and brought him to my
town before a local Justice of the
Peace. On advice from the District
Attorney he was allowed to plead
guilty to second degree larceny.
After paying off my check of $110,
he was fined $10 and given a 30-
day jail sentence which was sus¬
pended. I was glad to get my money
and learned much from this ex¬
perience. c. K. T.

There is no doubt that, only due
to the persistence of our subscriber
in tracing down Samuel Appel, was
he able to collect his bill. We re¬
port this case first, as a caution to
others to carefully check all buyers
and receivers of produce before
doing business with them and second,
as an example of the way in which
a farmer can successfully proceed
against a debtor in case he is stuck
with a bad check.

QUALITY CHICKS 100

Utility Leghorns and Heavy Assorted . $6.00

A. A. GRADE LEGHORNS . 6.50

N. H., R. I. Reds. Barred and Wh. Rocks.... 6.50

A. A. SEXED LEGHORN PULLETS . 11.50

Heavy Pullets . 8.50

Leghorn Ckls. $1.50-100; Heavy Cockerels . 5.00

Plum Creek Poultry Farm and Hatchery, Sunbury, Pa.

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal. ” See guarantee editorial page.

Being a subscriber to your paper
for a number of years I noticed that
you have been a great help to people
in collecting bills and advising them
how to go about it. I wonder if you
could advise me how I could get in
touch with a party by the name of
J. Polin, 738 Quincy St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. to whom I sold sweet cider
valued at $167.50. I have written
several letters and received a post¬
card promising payment. It did not
come and I sent a special delivery
letter which was returned marked
“moved no address.” Would it be
possible for you to locate this party
for me? e. r. h.

New York

This J. Polin could not be located.
If any of our readers hear of him
let us know. Use caution in
shipping goods to unknown parties.

The New York Legislature has
extended the Mortgage Moratorium
Law until July 1, 1943. Provision has
been made in the new law, however,
that payments of unpaid mortgage
principal must be made beginning
July 1, 1942. The law also provides
that the first of such payments shall
be due on October 1, 1942, and

quarterly thereafter.

Until July 1, 1942, however, no
principal payments can be enforced
and therefore, where the owner
keeps up all his interests, taxes and
insurance payments, a mortgage
holder cannot foreclose his mortgage.

As heretofore, the Moratorium
Law applies only to mortgages
executed prior to July 1, 1932.

Mortgages given after that date are
not covered by the Moratorium Law
and any default in the payment of
principal is ground for a foreclosure
suit. Nor are principal payments
due under any land contract cov¬
ered by the Moratorium Law.

We have been accused many times
of discrimination against corre¬
spondence schools. We know there
is a certain value to be gained from
a correspondence course. Our quarrel
is with those schools that make mis¬
leading statements in order to en¬
roll students and the evident desire
by some salesmen to get signatures
to contracts. We have stressed the
point that a signed contract is bind¬
ing and the Courts hold it to bd so
unless misrepresentation is proved.
So widespread have been the com¬
plaints about the misrepresentations
that the New York City Board of
Education has issued a pamphlet
warning high school graduates
against racketeering schools which
promise “fantastic opportunties.” It
specially specifies the schools which
advertise “vast opportunities for
trained men in air-conditioning or
aviation,” well - paying jobs as
“fingerprint experts,” hotel hostesses,
cartoonists, song writers or artists.
The pamphlet refers to one “civil
service” institute that claimed to
have 7,000 students but not one ob¬
tained a civil service appointment.
Another aviation school pictured a
large airport as headquarters when
it simply had space in an office build¬
ing. The pamphlet also advises to
investigate carefully the schools ad¬
vertising free books and supplies;
or guaranteeing positions; or offer¬
ing to pay a salary until a position
is secured; or making a “special
offer” for a limited number of
students and extravagant not to say
fantastic claims about salaries and
“vast opportunities.” This is all
timely advice and we are glad the
need of it is recognized. We have
referred frequently to the corre¬
spondence schools that use these
methods. The school authorities do
well to see the menace, and the
warning against such methods will
not only save loss to students but
be an asset for the correspondence
schools that are operating on a
legitimate basis.

I subscribe for your bi-weekly
paper, and hope you can straighten
out some matters I have with another
company. The agent from the
American Agriculturist issued two
policies to me, but I never got any
reply from them. As the enclosed
recipts show, I gave the agent $5
deposit on each of the policies. I
wonder if you could do something
about it. Your agent said you were
against such men, so I am appealing
to you for help. Do you thing any¬
thing can be done? j. h.

New i York

Limited policies are often dear
in the long run and we have had
many complaints in years past that
people were unable to collect bene¬
fits after they met with an accident.
Some claims are paid but the acci¬
dent must fit the terms of the policy.
This complaint was too old and,
therefore too late to secure an ad¬
justment. Publications are no longer
permitted to sell policies as an in¬
ducement for a subscription.

CAN USE

FANCY EGGS

BEST PRICES PAID
BOVERS & ROSENBLUM
2298 12th Ave. New York City

POULTRY FARM, 1,300 layer capacity, in
Cheshire, Conn. Three , room house, furni¬
ture, egg cellar, car, tractor, 160 customer
egg route; 1940 net income $3,139.42. Rea¬
sonable for cash. ADVERTISER 1894, care
Rural New-Yorker.

C! U ¥ ¥> Your live poultry to New York’s oldest
** *• * live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Box SO, West W ashlngtoit Market, New Y or k City

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAU TO

17 Jay St. New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER &. SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

■ WOOL

Highest Cash Prices Paid for Wool.
We Pay Freight Charges. Ship to—

SOKALNER BROS.. Trenton, N. J.

WOOL

WANTED. Montgomery Wonted
Mills, Inc., Montgomery, N. Y.

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Two Beautiful
Double-Weight
Pr o fessional

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25c roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS, Box 2255, PATERSON. N. J.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue R. SCHLOSSMAN. 545 Third Ave., New York

ITcorl C„ff boxes, wire boxes, bushels for sale.
UScU Egg (jan quote low prices for truck loads.

MANHATTAN BAG CO., 1239 Broadway, New York

Stamp Collectors Trade Your Duplicates. Postcard
brings details. Seaboard Stamp Exchange, Tenafly, N. J.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion. payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach ns Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance of date of issne.

This department Is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

FOR SALE, a farm about 200 acres in
Putnam, New York, on the shore of
Lake Champlain. Large stone house and
numerous outbuildings. FRED WALKER,
Shoreham, Vt.

FARM OF 350 acres with tenant house on
state highway. School and passenger
buses. 50 head cattle, 2 horses, milk route,
all newly equipped, new stable? 2 new silos,
electricity and telephone. ADVERTISER
1803, care Rural New-Yorker.

FIVE ACRE poultry farm, 220 ft. hen
house, 36 ft. brooder house and out¬
buildings will house 1,500 hens. Electricity,
running water in coops. Five rooms and
bath; 28 miles from Atlantic City. Price
$2,800. MRS. MILY, Milmay, N. J.

FOR SALE, hardware and auto supply
business, established 38 years. Reason,
death of owner. MRS. CHAFE, Closter, N. J.

FOR SALE, good dairy farm, equipped.

Write, FRED CODDINGTON, Lake Como,
Penna.

ANTIQUE SUMMER home for sale; 100
acres. ADVERTISER 1897, care Rural
New-Yorker.

CATSKILLS — Seven room house, furnished,
all improvements, acre, outhouses. KENNY,
805 Linden Ave., Ridgefield, N. J.

FARM OR farmland wanted, 20-30 acres,
good road, part wood, over half tillable,
view, shade trees, good water; within 75
miles of city. Full particulars. Must be
reasonable. ADVERTISER 1899. care Rural
New-Yorker.

113 ACRE dairy and sugar farm. Wood,
water, electricity; price $2,350. FRED
KUTTLER, Lancaster, New Hampshire.

75 ACRE poultry farm. Semi-modern 8
room farm house, arranged for 2 tene¬
ments. Hot water, furnace heat and tele¬
phone. Insulated houses for 5,000 hens’
brooders for 10,000 chicks; 50 range houses
with wired ranges. Modern incubators,
capacity 58,000 eggs. Slaughter house and
cold storage plant. Equipped office building.
Located on main state road, 3 miles from
city. Sales around $30,000 per year. Price
$18,000 without stock; $12,000 can remain
on mortgage. Cost $30,000. Ill health reason
for sale. H. PEARSON, R. 1, Keene, N. H.

FOR SALE, modern 130 acre dairy farm
with 55 head of cattle, blood and T. B.
tested. House, barn and pasteurizing plant
all with running water and electrically
equipped. Milk route >/4 mile from city.
All crops in. Farm is located on excellent
state highway near Glover'sville, N. Y.,
County of Fulton. Will sell for $20,000.
ADVERTISER 1901, care Rural New-Yorker.

BARGAIN — One acre. Colonial, suburban,
home, improvements; Route 11. Contact
H. HURLBUT, Tully, N. Y.

WANTED — About 10 acres, 1-2 cleared,
small house, back country; not over 100
miles New York. MARTIN, 349 East 76th
St., New York City.

FOR SALE, attractive, newly built two-
family house, with seven acres in Rock¬
land County. New York, Mt. Ivy. BOX 419,
Thiells, N. Y.

WANTED IN Dutchess County, New York,
2 to 10 acres unimproved land, altitude
900 ft. Must be reasonable. ADVERTISER
1910, care Rural New-Yorker.

THE CATO Hotel for sale, 12 bedrooms,
dance floor, three dining rooms, modern
taproom, year round license. Inquire THE
CATO HOTEL, Cato, N. Y.

KARAKUL SHEEP ranch for sale, on ac¬
count of death of owner; the largest and
best selected flock of Karakuls in Canada.
Over 1,000 head of carefully selected breed¬
ing ewes, 800 acres of excellent prairie
land, most of which is growing luxuriant
crops of tame grasses for hay and pasture,
8 room house with all modern conveniences,
also tenant house and necessary outbuild¬
ings. Property beautifully located on
eastern slope of the foothills of the Rockies.
Price $35,000. For further information, ad¬
dress ALEX McWILLIAMS, High River,
Alberta, Canada.

VERMONT, INCOME poultry and dairy
farm with tools and five buildings; $6,500,
cash $2,000. ADVERTISER 1841, care Rural
New-Yorker.

$2,200; BALANCE easy terms, buys large
fertile dairy farm, complete buildings. Im¬
provements, river. Genuine reason makes
this bargain possible. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

STATE ROAD, 8 acres, 8 rooms, barn,
garage, large hennery, electricity; $3,400;
terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

FOR SALE, Chenango County poultry farm,
price reasonable. CLAIR GATES, South
New Berlin, New York.

SEVERAL LARGE farms, some with old
Colonial and Cape Cod houses. Summer
properties near Portland; all prices and
terms. Write your wants fully. CHARLES
F. GRANT, 137 Riverside St., Portland,
Maine.

FOR SALE: Florida dairy, complete; good
income. Would consider trade for stocked
farm further north. ADVERTISER 1889,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 80 acre farm home in West¬
chester County. Modernized 14 room house
in attractive setting of wide lawn and old
shade trees, artesian well, outbuildings.
Acreage is in fields, woods and pasture;
brook, half mile of road frontage. 40 miles
to New York; convenient commuting, yet
safely removed from military objectives.
$12,000. ADVERTISER 1913, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARM FOR sale in eastern New York. 100
acres tillable, 25 woods, splendid soil,
good buildings, very old Colonial, fireplaces,
hand-carved Adams mantels, electricity,
telephone, new milk cooler. Write for de¬
tails. ADVERTISER 1915, care Rural New-
Yorker.

OPPORTUNITY — Farmer to establish him¬
self, 60 acre farm, buildings good for
poultry; cattle, on share. MULARK,
Fostertown Road, Newburgh, N. Y.

WANTED — Reasonably priced small farm,
New York. ADVERTISER 1918, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 40 acres wooded land, brook.

no buildings; $2,000, cash $500, balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

WANTED — Good mountain farm with 8
room modern house, farm buildings and
equipment. Electricity, water, brook, or¬
chard. At least 1,200 ft. elevation, within
125 miles New York. Give full particulars,
price, terms, photo. ADVERTISER 1919,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 33 acres, good house, 12 rooms,
all improvements; orchard, garage, chicken
house. Will divide acreage. Reasonable.
SAVERIO BACCHETTA, Mount Hope Farm,
Road 22, Brewster, N. Y.

FOR SALE, cabin on acre, $450. 15 acres,
14 rooms, modern improvements, out¬
buildings. Reasonable. DE THOMAS, Sauger-
ties, N. Y. Phone. 8 2 F 2.

FOR SALE, 115 acre fruit farm with stock,
implements, 10 room house, outbuildings.
Ideal place for convalescent home, bungalow
site. ADVERTISER 1926, care Rural New-
Yorker.

BEAUTIFUL 110 year old stone house, 10
rooms, running spring water, shade trees,
barn, garage, rolling fields, woods, improved
road. $4,250. one-half cash. Several cheaper
homes and farms. EVERETT KINCH,
Schenevus, N. Y.

CHARMING NEW home, 160 fertile acres,
9 room house, hardwood floors, bath, gas
lights, large basement barn, silo, poultry
house, large pond, stream, 2,500 young
pines; near village. $3,850, cash $1,850.
Several stocked farms and country homes.
EVERETT KINCH, Schenevus, N. Y.

FOR SALE, productive farm, 250 acres.
Central New York; small down payment.
ADVERTISER 1887, care Rural New-Yorker.

BERKSHIRE MUSIC festival. ‘8-12 miles
Tanglewood Shed. New roads opening,
lovely home country along Massachusetts-
New York line. Good farms $2,000 up.
Land $15 acre. BERKSHIRE, Licensed
Broker, East Chatham, N. Y.

WANTED — About 5 acres on waterfront,
50 or 60 miles from New York City. Must
be cheap. SPIEGEL, 690 Broadway, New
York City.

SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA farms, Virginia’s
best. VIRGINIA REALTY CO., Carrsville,
Virginia.

50 ACRES, state road, garage,- cabin, lunch¬
room site. 40 acres tillage about level,
building 12x16. Price $1,000, $150 cash.
ADVERTISER 1936, care Rural New-Yoi’ker.

THREE STOCKED and equipped farms with
milk markets, 100 to 300 acres. $7,000 to
$18,000. Two dude or beef areas, 700 to 1.000
acres. FRANK E. DRUMM, Niverville,
Columbia County, New York.

22 ACRES, state highway, 7 room house,
electricity, piped spring water, barn,
poultry houses; $1,800. cash $300. Farms,
large and small. STARKWEATHER, Grand
St., Oneonta, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent or buy, by experienced
Michigan farmer, small equipped farm.
Give all details. GEO. WINDISH, Richland,
Florida.

WANTED — Several acres, good water, near
New York. Reasonable. Write particulars.
S. ZWIRN, 2048 East 36th St., Brooklyn,
New York.

POULTRY FARM wanted, for myself, on
hard surfaced road; 20 acres or more,
capacity at least 1,200 birds. New Jersey,
Connecticut, Orange, Ulster, Dutchess

County. ADVERTISER 1951, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 11 acre poultry farm on main
highway, 2 new poultry houses, capacity
7.000 broilers, 5 room modern home; reason¬
able. ERNEST M. STIHEL Route 25,
Selden, Long Island.

FARMS FOR sale, Upper Hudson Valley,
New York State. Warren, Washington and
Saratoga Counties. 93 acres, 9 room house,
barns, $1,700. 97 acre dairy farm, 2 barns,

good house, $3,500. 105 acres, good build¬
ings, $3,300. 118 acre dairy farm bordering

Hudson River, 2 islands, brick house, $6,000.
Many others. Also desirable village

properties $1,500 up. Write for lists. TOM
ROGERS AGENCY, 7>/2 Ridge St., Glens
Falls, N. Y.

Help Wanted

WOMAN FOR general housework in country
home, no washing. Write giving full par¬
ticulars. ADVERTISER 1928, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE, MIDDLEAGED, man for garden
and lawns; woman for housework, no
washing. Write giving full particulars.
THEODORE S. HOPE, Croton Lake Road,
Katonah, N. Y.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $50 and board; write age, reference,
experience, weight, height. RARITAN

VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

WANTED — Married men and single men to
work on modern dairy farm; must be
good dry-hand milkers. Apply or write
immediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — Reliable dry -hand milker, single.

No liquor; $50 month, room and board.
BOX 21, Commack, Long Island.

FARMHAND EXPERIENCED, give age, milk

two cows, good teamster in woods. $25
month, room, board; steady. GREEN

GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

YOUNG MAN for country slaughter house
m Orange County. ADVERTISER 1859,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FARMER, must be good dry-hand

milker, understand field work. State

wages and qualifications. P. JANKOVITZ
Neshanic, N. J.

FARMER WANTED, as ill health prevents
me from working my well located and
modern farm of 42 acres with 24 cow
stalls, I would like to arrange with a re¬
sponsible man to take over the farming
and handle all the work. Such a man is
to furnish either a herd oi goats or cattle.

I would live in the main house out living
quarters for a suitable man can be arranged
for. BOX 236, Medway, Mass.

WANTED — Man to work on dairy farm, to
help with milking, pitch hay and general
farm work; must he able to drive truck
Room and board; $40 a month. WILLIAM
WAISANE, Huntington, N. Y.

WANTED — Man and wife to operate elec¬

tric dishwasher in resort kitchen; also
general handyman. Address HIGBY’S.

Big Moose, N. Y.

WOMAN, COOK and general work in

boarding house; also young girl to work
for board during Summer. ADVERTISER
1890, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged man or strong
willing boy, do light farm work. Must
be able to milk; Christian home. Good
wages. ADVERTISER 1891, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl to assist with housework in
suburb, 4 miles from Syracuse. Three
girls, 4. 7, 10; no cooking, some laundry.
$6. MRS. HOWARD CANNON, DeWitt, N Y
Onondaga County.

WOMAN TO keep modern small house in

Connecticut; family consists of mother
and three children 14 to 18. Own room and
bath, simple cooking; almost new house
with all conveniences. Will pay $60 a
month to right person. All details in letter.
MRS. CARL SCHLAET, Box 648, Westport,
Connecticut.

WANTED — Intelligent, refined young man

who loves the country, desirous of learn¬
ing to be houseman in simple country home
Winter m town. Write fully. Address
K. L. S„ 56 First St., Albany, N. Y.

WANTED IN New Jersey, single farm hand,
must be good milker and teamster. $40
to $50 per month, room and board. AD¬
VERTISER 1893, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged man, good milker

and general farm worker; or man and
wife, used to farm work. State wages
BOX 74, Islip Terrace, Long Island.

HERDSMAN, SMALL growing herd, regis¬

tered Holsteins, 13 cows, 17 heifers, 160
acre farm; must be good manager and
worker. Single man. $40 month, mainte¬
nance; married man, small family only, $55,
3 room bungalow, all city conveniences.
Write stating all particulars. BOX 575,
50 East Fordham Road, New York City.

WANTED — Responsible woman for general
housework; young couple, two small
children; modern country home. $30
monthly. ADVERTISER 1898. care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED. FEMALE, general housework:

small family, private room. $25 month.
NIELAND FARMS, 17-A. One mile village,
Warwick, N. Y. or telephone Warwick 160.

WANTED HERDSMAN, large Guernsey and
Jersey herd. 75 miles New York City.
Require experienced married man with
small family. ADVERTISER 1900, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl for general housework,
strong, capable, willing. $50 per month,
good home; give references. BOX. 3,
Basking Ridge, N. J.

POULTRYMEN, (2), thoroughly experienced
single poultrymen under 45, draft exempt.
Write ADVERTISER 1902, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER — Clean, thorough, light
laundry; two children. BOX 332, Seaford,
Long Island.

WANTED — Middleaged woman for cooking
and housework for dairy farm on Long
Island. Must be a very good plain cook.
Salary $40. ADVERTISER 1903, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — A good dry-hand milker, married
or single; modern dairy. Reply JOHN
DERSHIMER, Alderson, Pa.

WANTED — Girl with references for house¬
work in physicians home. Two adults.
Uniforms furnished; wages $10. BOX 186,
Danielson, Conn.

DELAVAL SINGLE unit operators and
strippers; must handle 55 cows three times
daily; wages $85 per month and board. AD¬
VERTISER 1905, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, PROTESTANTS, no children-
gardener, handyman. Wife, laundress
(electric machines). Board extra man
Small homey year around estate. Write age
nationality, wages, references. BOX 164’
Harrison, N. Y.

Northern New Jersey. Woman not over
3d for kitchen and light housework; modern
appliances. Must be personally clean AD¬
VERTISER 1907, care Rural New-Yorker

purebred Guernseys. Must he first class
dairyman, good milker, sober and honest.
Start $65 plus room and board. ADVER¬
TISER 1909, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE, FIRST class milker wanted- $60

monthly, board. ADVERTISER 1911, ’ care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED— General farmer, single, capable
. handling tractor and milk cows. No
liquor; sleep in. P. O. BOX No. 198,
Stamford, Conn.

WANTED— Sober, single man for general

farm work; willing to board himself. $2
a day with furnished cottage, milk and
potatoes ADVERTISER 1912, care Rural
New-xorker.

WANTED— Good plain cook; $35 per month

with room and board. “GRAYLOCK.”

?C,’ii°0lTDfCT. cWldren, 1120 Constant

Ave., Peekskill, N. Y.

WANTED — Middleaged man to work with

owner; to milk 10 cows and do other
farm work. $35 per month and board AD¬
VERTISER 1914, care Rural New Yorker

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER (white); small
modern home. Summit, N. J. Two adults
tY° children; must be pleasant and fond
of children; own room. $30 start. ADVER-
TISER 1916, care Rural New-Yorker

GIRL, GENERAL housework; five room

cottage, all conveniences ^ family of three
Suffern N. Y. ADVERTISER 1917, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm hand, white; $50 month

and keep. Also boy out of school for
Summer. RUSSELL PETERS, Callicoon, N. Y.

WANTED— Farm hand, good milker, willing

'^rker;$o0 per month, board. ARTHUR
SCHUMANN, Madison, Conn.

WANTED — Two young men to work on

commercial poultry farm. Give full par-

inonrS’ expected. ADVERTISER

1920, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED FARMER, handy, work

alone with tractor, small farm good
home and meals. $20 month to start
E. HAST, 29 East 64th St., New York City.

MANAGER, FARMER, complete charge 200

,, acre ,f.arm’ Orange County. Must be
thoroughly experienced in care purebred
Jersey cattle and care of land; to work
with and capable of handling men. State

iQ9oreoCe’ e£Perience, age. ADVER-
TISEK 19-3, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR home in Connecticut, plain

cook, houseworker, gardener, handyman -
all year position. $60 a month and board.

ages ^nd experience. ADVERTISER
1927, care Rural New-Yorker.

HONEST. TRUSTWORTHY, single reliable

man on poultry and farm; must be
willing worker and must cooperate. Not
drink. State wages, age, references; must

New-Yorker. ADVERTISER 193°’ care Rural

WANTED — Energetic, settled, dependable

couple; childless. Vermonters or foreign
born. Man learn brooding; wife, light

farm yrnodrk^/^g‘grading: large Poultry
. b°ard, room, moderate wages
while learning then steady increase. Ex¬
cellent opportunity for right parties No

B New^a0Crk0erADVERTISER 1933’ Care

— Man to learn fur farming. Must

FTtR rARM1*0^' farm raised. MONTFERN
r UR FARM, Sharon, Massachusetts.

HERDSMAN — Small growing herd of pure-

bred Guernseys, located in Hunterdon
NeW Jersey. Must be familiar with
best modern dairy practices and willing to

POsmonrai.4hrm^Srkr This is a Permanent
position with good living conditions and

chance for real recognition of one who can

AD^RTlSERaiCq^ily- Gi^e ful1 Particulars.
ADVERTISER 1938, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING FARM superintendent, familiar
with purebred dairy cows and modern

d? 1^«,,ftraCVCeS^ ’• Als?. have some knowledge
o± poultiy farming. Good position with ideal
conditions is offered for one who is auali
fied Farm located in New Jersey, approx I

Yorkly Give "fnlf T/r?m , metropolitan New
19°39k- care" Rural New-YorrkerADVERTISER

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 385.

Y A/ atuAailif. y

THE WORLD’S
MOST IMITATED
TRACTOR j
L TIRE A

Rural School Notes

Wappingers Falls School

A number of people have called
my attention to Edna Manners’ an¬
swer to Mr. Lacy’s very fine letter
in your magazine.

I am one of the people who be¬
lieved that Wappingers Falls and
the districts in the immediate
vicinity needed a school and I started
to work for that school. When I
found that the Village of Wappingers
Falls, which is large enough to have
a school of its own, intended to
build a “million dollar white
elephant,” I rebelled. I opposed this
because they planned to ruthlessly
break up the natural social trends
of the people in the Hinterland,
going out of Dutchess County and
into Putnam County to get money
enough to build the school. I do
not believe in aggression in these
United States any more than I be¬
lieve in it in Europe.

When I went to vote against the
school, I met a man who has worked
in village politics for years and I
am quoting his remarks just to show
how thoroughly everyone understood
the issues involved. I quote:

“Wappingers is going to build the
school and you are going to like it.”

“You will pay for the school and
you are going to like it.”

“Wappingers will run the school
and you are going to like it.”

“You are going to send your
children to the school and you are
going to like it.”

The country people knew this
would be true and that is why they
fought so desperately. Everyone
knew it would be true.

We know we cannot fight the
machine that is running the school.
We know that the State Depart¬
ment alone can clear up this grave
situation. Therefore when we, who
had worked against the school, went
to the meeting mentioned in Mr.
Lacy’s letter, we went to laugh at
a farce. However when we heard
a man from the village, who is a
lawyer, cross question the President
of the Board of Education as to why
they had accepted the very highest
bid when they bought the busses,
we found it most interesting. When
the election of officers started and
we heard the remarks of the people
around us and saw the antics of
the people who planned to “run the
school,” we realized that the whole
thing was utterly revolting to any¬
one who wants to see Democracy
preserved. Fanny V. W. Boos

Better Rural Schools

[Here is a statement by Roscoe
Pulliarn, of Illinois, Chairman of
Committee on Rural Education, re¬
printed from the Journal of the
National Education Association.]

“Hitherto the consolidation of ex¬
isting districts into much larger units
to make it possible to establish more
efficient schools on city graded school
models has been generally advocated.
In many states this has already been
done. Where it has npt yet been done,
we should aim at something much
better. The consensus of enlightened
opinion on education is that the pre¬
vailing type of graded school is by
no means a wholly satisfactory in¬
stitution. Among other weaknesses
it gives too little opportunity for at¬
tention to the individual needs of
the children, and does not adapt it¬
self enough to the peculiar educa¬
tional resources and needs of the
communities.

“Hence, as we plan new rural
schools to take the places of those
that are now obsolete, we should not
be bound too much by existing
patterns. The ideal rural schools
which we should aim to establish
should be planned in the light of the
best current thought both about edu¬
cation and about rural life values.
They should be designed, in plant
and in program, specifically and
minutely for the job they are to do
in the particular communities they
are to serve. We should plan them
so that they may utilize to the ut¬
most all the natural advantages for
education which each rural com¬
munity presents, and also meet all
of the present and potential educa¬
tional, recreational, and social needs
of the people as they develop. They
will be pre-eminently, not merely
schools for children, but community
schools, in the best sense of the
word.

“On the elementary level, this
school will try to get away from the
traditional eight grades as much as
public sentiment will permit, recom¬
mending children for future edu¬
cation elsewhere on the basis of
general accomplishment and ability
rather than on the formal completion
of six or eight or twelve school
grades. The school will not have a
definite terminus at all for young
people who do not go away to other
schools for further fulltime edu¬
cation. Such young people witl be
encouraged to continue to use the
shops, laboratories, books, recrea¬
tional equipment, and other facilities
of the school both informally and in
short courses, during periods of lei¬

sure on the farms. Every effort will
be made to get them to look upon
the community school as an institu¬
tion one never definitely and com¬
pletely leaves.”

Less Head, More Heart

It sure gave me a thrill when I
read the article of Mrs. R. C. in the
March 22 Rural New-Yorker con¬
cerning the one-room school. Her
ideas and mine are very similar. If
our educational system is better than
50 years or so ago, why do we not
have men with wisdom enough to
solve the vexing problems which con¬
front the world today? To my mind,
men like Lincoln, Franklin, Washing¬
ton and Teddy Roosevelt are not
made but are born that way. Is it
not a fact that we are out of balance?

Is it not a fact that we have too
much education of the head and not
enough of the heart?

Why are we experiencing scar¬
city in the midst of plenty? Our
young people are taught that a suc¬
cessful life depends on a school and
college education. Some of my best
friends never had much schooling, yet
they have a wonderful education in
spiritual values. The great trouble
today is that material values are all
that concern the average person and
until this attitude of mind can be
changed to a sound realization of
spiritual and eternal values, we will
continue to fall still lower in our
standards of living. We need to im¬
prove the moral qualities of our
teachers regardless of the kind of
buildings we have for our children.

Pennsylvania c. m.

AVOID TRACTION

Only Continuous Traction Bars
Can Give Continuous Traction

Batfi. MR. EXTRA TRACTION*

Here

only

the

tractor

tire

with “No Teeth Missing ” in its tread — just
big, rugged, continuous traction bars that give you a
strong, sure center-bite in every inch of the tread. There
are no small, open spaces between the traction bars to
cause traction leaks, waste power, and prevent cleaning!
You can actually see the extra traction you get when
you measure these husky traction bars with your own
rule — as much as 215 extra inches per tractor. Just
think how much extra power you get. It costs you not
one cent more and you don’t have to take anybody’s
word for that!

Here is the most efficient self-cleaning tread on the
market. All dirt, mud and trash is forced out of the big,
unobstructed, open spaces between the bars as they
leave the ground.

Because of triple-braced construction, you get 16%
greater resistance to bending. That means easier riding,
and much longer wear. Only Firestone, who developed
and perfected the first practical pneumatic tractor tire,

andputthefarmonrubbercangive
1 you these patented advantages.

t '' / „ { Get more work out of every cent’s

pf ^ I worth of gas and oil you put in your

f l new tractor — insist on Firestone

t ' m ~ Ground Grip Tires. Or see your

f § j local Firestone dealer or store —

| jS * WmB j and find how little it costs to change
f. W V§ggif i over your present equipment.

. . . Old Dobbin laughs every
time he hears anyone say/'An
open centergives a better bite"

A complimentary package of Burpee’s new
Idabelle Firestone Marigold seeds is yours for
the asking at your Firestone dealer or store.

★ MR. EXTRA TRACTION gets his name
from the extra traction bar length on every
FIRESTONE GROUND GRIP TIRE

+ OttUdi o*i

GROUND GRIP TIRES

BETTER CLEANING • GREATER TRACTION • LONGER WEAR

MORE FARM TRACTORS ARE EQUIPPED
WITH FIRESTONE GROUND GRIP TIRES
THAN WITH ANY OTHER MAKE • •

The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio
Without obligation on my part, please send me
check below):

□ A copy of the new Farm Guide Book.

□ Information about the Firestone Farm Tire Payment
Plan.

□ Full details on changing over my farm wagon or
spreader.

□ Please demonstrate Firestone Ground Grip Tires
with my own tractor on my own farm.

□ Information on applying the new Ground Grip
High Bar Tread to worn tractor tires.

Make and model of tractor . . .

Please demonstrate on . (date)

Name . . .

R. F. D. or Street Number .

Town . County . State . 6-0

L istento the Voice of Firestone ivith Richard Crooks, Margaret Sbeaks and Alfred Wallenstein, Monday evenings, N . B. C. Red Netu/ork

Copr. 1941, The F. T. & R. Co.

(

t/» — r* z
r*1 — i — •

-O I td-<
-i U •

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c- t» 33
'-•4 -<

STATE CCLL.AGTUC

There’s F un and Health in Fishing — And Sometimes a Good Catch of Fish

Photo— L. H. Barney, Jr., New Bedford, Mass.

Vol. C.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co..
333 W. 30th St., New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

June 28, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter
Office at New York, N. Y., under

■ v.-.,

390

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28, 1941

Leaf Troubles

of Ga

* leaves of our dooryard trees
are subject to a number of
troubles, some of which are
serious and damaging and spoil
the looks of many of them.
In warm weather, as one sits
out-of-doors for pleasure or for rest and en¬
joyment, one’s attention is often focused on
the discolored or distorted leaves of maple,
elm, or linden and one is led to ask what the
trouble is there, and what one needs to do
to guard against loss or prevent the spread
of the pest that is just getting started.

One may look for black spots on maple;
for white thin patches on the leav|| of elms,

Injured leaves of - garden trees. Top: Tar spots
of maple. Left: Gall or blisters on basswood
leaves. Right: Leaf miner damage on birch, elm,
etc. Destruction of all affected leaves as they
fall, or before they drop, helps to reduce the
trouble in succeeding seasons.

or for little blisters on lindens. One may see
little galls, somewhat like small cones, on
spruces or cedars. It is well to be curious and
get interested in these things so as to know
what to do in order to preserve the health
and beauty of dooryard trees.

The purpose of this article is to call atten¬
tion to some common disorders of garden,
park and dooryard trees. Most of these
troubles get started in a small way and un¬
less some care is given to them, much damage
may be done. An ounce of prevention is worth
more than a pound of cure; and causes less
trouble later in applying the remedy. With
insects and diseases this is particularly true.
Forestalling trouble is the very best kind of
economy that one can practice for it may
avoid the expense of replacement plantings.

Gall Fly Blisters

Little blisters or small eruptions on the
leaves of many dooryard plants are the cause
of much curiosity.

Gall flies cause small blisters or eruptions
on many plants and are a common occurrence
both in the nursery and in the garden. These
galls are of various sizes and shapes and
colorations. On elms and willows they are
usually small eruptions which are much
wrinkled or bloated and are greenish or
brownish on the upper surface. When these
little structures are broken open they are
usually found packed almost solid with green¬
ish or brownish lice, properly called plant
aphids. These galls begin as small structures,
grow rather fast, and seem to be full grown
by mid-Summer. They may be found on
many species of dooryard trees and on some
kinds of shrubs. There are many different
species but they all seem to have about the
same life history. One species causes the
small bole-like structures seen on the stem
of goldenrod in the Fall. Others may produce
crude pods on the stem.

If the infestations are few and within reach
they can be collected and burned, or buried;
if numerous the leaves should be raked up

Burlap bag drawn over a red cedar to prevent
brown burn which occurs in Winter.

anxiety among property owners as they fear
the trees are going to die. In most cases the
trouble is seasonal and the plant outgrows
this discolored condition before Fall, if given
good care.

The appearence of brown or yellow leaves
on evergreens is now recognized as due to
shortage of water, and is called “winter burn.”
If due to deficient water supply, the burn is
effected when the ground is still frozen and
the tree cannot replace the water loss and
in consequence the needles discolor. Burn
is most likely to occur among trees set but
a year or two, or in those planted in shallow
soil where the roots cannot get the necessary
water to supply the top and keep the leaves
normal and healthy. Trees grown on windy
and exposed places or those in warm protected
places, as in pockets or on southern exposures,
are most subject to winter brown. Summer
burn occurs during a drought.

A reduction or avoidance of brown burning
can be effected by improving the soil con¬
ditions. Apply water in Summer or Fall
during dry times; but not in the Winter. One
may build up the soil where it is shallow or
ledgy, by adding good earth near the trunk
of the tree or shrub, and increasing its depth

By M. B. Cummings

Cedar apples on red cedar in Winter and Spring.

Cutting the galls controls the rust.

at the end of the season and burned or buried.
If these galls are numerous enough to com¬
mand attention or cause alarm the trees
should be thoroughly sprayed at the forepart
of the season when the leaves are from two-
thirds to three-fourths full size. An applica¬
tion of Black Leaf 40 at the usual strength,
reinforced with a small amount of soap to
increase spreading qualities (a half inch cube
to a gallon of spray), and then a tea cup of
molasses to each gallon, will make an adhesive
spray carrying poison which will dispatch the
flies which come in contact with it, or poison
the surfaces which they inhabit. In case of
severe infestations a second application the
latter part of June will be highly effective.

Browning of Evergreens

Arbor vitae or cedar and some other ever¬
greens often show a browning of foliage in
Spring or Summer, and this causes some

rden Trees

by four to six inches. Then as Winter ap¬
proaches and a dry time comes on for plants
in frozen soil, one may add a mulch of leaves
or loose grass or even peat moss. In addition
to these operations, one may partly cover
small plants with a gunny sack or burlap
hood, which is made secure against wind. This
covering will reduce the loss of water by
shading from sun on warm Winter days and
thus give much protection. Spray applied in
late Fall will also give protection.

In case the brown burn on cedars and other
evergreen trees is not too extensive, one may
clip off the discolored twigs carefully with a
pair of small shears, a process which will
greatly improve the looks of the plants at
once; then if the soil is well watered and
fertilized, new growth will take place in a
very short time.

Leaf Miner Damages

The foliage of elms, apples and other species
of garden trees is frequently damaged by small
white worms that eat out the inner part of the
leaves, resulting in light, nearly transparent
areas of one-half to one inch in diameter. A
large number of plants are often disfigured
and damaged by several species of small
worms, generally referred to as leaf miners,
that live within the leaves in the maggot
stage and eat out the tissue between the
upper and lower surfaces. These creatures can
often be seen by holding the leaf up to the
light at a proper focal distance and the effects
of their work readily disclosed. A small lens
or magnifier will reveal the characteristic
features of ' these small worms. Whitish
blotches which are nearly transparent, can be
seen, involving little or much of the leaf, de¬
pending upon the number of infestations and
the length of time the creatures have been
eating.

The leaves are greatly weakened by the
worms. The mines made by the creatures
are points from which disease and decay may
start, but the chief harm is the disfiguration
of the leaves, which are unpleasant to look
at, and are often the cause of the defoliation
because they have been damaged beyond re¬
pair and cease to function to nourish the trees.
Pests of this sort are what Lowell had in mind
when he said: “There’s never a leaf nor blade
too mean to be some happy creature’s palace.”

While no very real satisfactory means of
control has been found, often the damage can
be either forestalled or reduced to a minimum
by spraying the trees with nicotine sulfate,
known commonly to the trade as Black Leaf,
at a strength recommended on the commercial
package. (Continued on Page 395)

Rust spots on apple leaf caused by spores re¬
leased from cedar apple on red cedar trees.

<P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

391

Soil Erosion Control

Millions of tons of valuable fertile soil are
lost every year, by wind and water erosion
of our land, that can be prevented by proper
measures of control through cooperative farm
action under Federal direction and the super¬
vision of County Agricultural Extension
Agents. For many years, some of the leading
agricultural colleges gave considerable at¬
tention to terracing as a means of overcoming
soil washing on sloping lands and while many
farmers heeded the suggestion given by these
institutions their work was often nullified
because of a lack of cooperation on the part
of the owners of adjoining farms. This made
is necessary for the Federal Government and
State authorities to provide for some form
of community and district cooperation.

The Soil Erosion Service under
the Department of Interior was
established in September, 1933.

However, the Soil Conservation
Service under the Department of
Agriculture was not set up until
April, 1935.

There are ten regions covering
all of the United States as well
as Puerto Rico, Hawaii and Alaska
now established by the Soil Con¬
servation Service. Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont, Massachu¬
setts, Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New York, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and
West Virginia are in the North¬
east Federal Regional district.

The present local districts in
New Jersey are the Morris-
Warren District with headquarters
at Hackettstown, N. J.; the
the Camburton District, with headquarters at
Moorestown, N. J.; the Freehold District with
headquarters at Freehold, N. J., and the South
Jersey Soil Conservation District with head¬
quarters at Woodbury, N. J. The headquarters
and staff of the Northeast region are at Upper
Darby, Pennsylvania.

The provisions of the Soil Conservation Act
make it possible for farmers in any district
who wish to check ravages from soil erosion
to hold a referendum in order to determine
whether the work can be undertaken on a
cooperative basis. This Act is enabling legis¬
lation which provides a means whereby farm¬
ers interested in controlling erosion on their
farms may voluntarily group themselves to¬
gether and request the formation of Soil
Conservation Districts so that they may
participate in the benefits of a
nation-wide Federal Aid Program
of Soil Conservation and Erosion
Control. The Act is so drawn that
it provides liberal aid to all farm
communities interested and at the
same time safeguards the individ¬
ual farmer in every way and pro¬
tects him at all times from undue
regulation and from requirements
that might be impractical for
him to follow.

The Act sets up for adminis¬
trative purposes a State Soil Con¬
servation Committee consisting of
the Director of the Experiment
Station, the Director of Extension,
the State Secretary of Agri¬
culture, the director of Conser¬
vation and Development, the
Master of the State Grange, the
President of the State Farm
Bureau and one resident of New
Jersey to be selected by the Secre¬
tary of the United States De¬
partment of Agriculture.

Any 25 land owners may
petition the State Committee for permission
to organize a Conservation District which,
when formed, will enable them to receive
State and Federal Aid in carrying out erosion
control practices and will permit the carry¬
ing out of research and demonstration pro¬
grams along the line of erosion control. All
research and educational work must be in
cooperation with the Agricultural College and
Experiment Station. The formation of a dis¬
trict does not mean that individual farmers
must cooperate in the program unless they
so desire.

After receiving a petition, the State
Committee holds hearings in the proposed
district and finally conducts a referendum at
which all land owners in the area may vote.
A district may not be established unless a
majority of the votes cast, representing 51
per cent of the acreage, are in the affirmative.

Three local property owners, appointed by
the State Committee, are the supervisors of
the district and have charge of all erosion
control plans in the area. It is their duty to
provide landowners with as much infor¬
mation and assistance as may be available.
This assistance consists of advice and any
instruction requested in regard to carrying
out -the plans of the supervisors but in no
case is any financial assistance given. In some
of the conservation districts, machinery
needed in terracing and grading is owned by

Photo — Genevieve E. Smith, Holland. N. Y.

These farm horses owned by John Rice, of Holland, N. Y., are alert, de¬
pendable and always on the job.

the district and is loaned to farm owners who
desire the use of this machinery. Farms as
small as three acres may be included in a
Conservation District. No specific penalities
are designated for a farmer who refuses to
join the cooperative association but he may
be liable to a suit at law for any damages
caused to adjoining property and the penalty
is left to the judgment of the court.

The soil conservation districts in New Jersey
that have been established in the last few
years have proved very popular and appli¬
cations are constantly being received from
farmers who either wish to join districts al¬
ready established, or who desire to have new
cooperative districts established in which
they can have their farms incorporated.

After a district has been in operation for

Five-year-old Jersey and her three heifer calves on the Elmer Spies farm ,

Lyons, N. Y.

some time, public opinion may suggest the
desirability of land-use regulations which
would specify certain desirable erosion con¬
trol practices for use under particular cir¬
cumstances. Such practices might include the
use of winter cover after cultivated crops,
etc., and would be for the protection of all
lands from damage resulting from the use
of bad practices on adjoining farms.

The supervisors, with the approval of the
State Committee, may draw up such regu¬
lations but must give all land owners due
notice of their plans and may not put such

regulations into effect if owners of 25 per cent
or more of the land in the area offer objection.
If a landowner fails to observe such land use
regulations and such non-observance causes
damage to other lands in the district, the
supervisors are permitted to file a Bill of
Complaint against the violator in the Court
of Chancery and the Court may issue an order
requiring the defendant to conform to the
land-use regulations. Should the land owner
still fail to carry out the necessary operations,
the Court may authorize the supervisors to
enter upon his lands and to carry out the
work and recover the actual costs from such
landowner. As a protection to the individual
landowner, the law requires that every dis¬
trict setting up land-use regulations must also
establish a Board of Adjustment consisting
of three members to be appointed by the State
Committee. Any landowner with¬
in the district who feels that the
regulations adopted should not
apply to his land, may appeal to
this Board of Adjustment for a
variance from such regulations
insofar as they constitute an un¬
due hardship in this particular
case. The Board of Adjustment
has authority to grant justified
relief. The landowner, still feeling
aggrieved after the decision by
the Board of Adjustment, may
further appeal his case to the
Courts. Landowners within an es¬
tablished district may at any time
petition supervisors for amend¬
ment or discontinuance of land-
use regulations.

In every plan for soil conser¬
vation cooperative community
action and coordination of effort
are essential to success. No farmer alone can
accomplish much if his neighbor on the ad¬
joining higher level farm makes no effort to
stop soil erosion and dumps on the lower-level
farm all of his run-off water and accompaning
soil wash. The essentials to success involve
cooperation terracing, contour plowing, and
the use of proper alternating strip crops. In
a group of three terraces, the middle terrace
is usually planted in a row crop, while the
upper and lower terraces may be planted to
hay crops or other crops of level or flat plant¬
ing. The row crop is planted in contour rows,
that follow in outline the contour of the knoll,
hill or mound. The crooked rows of the row
crop in the middle terraces may offend the
eye of the orthodox farmer, but on second
thought he usually realizes that these crooked
rows following the contour of the
hills or ridges, prevent soil ero¬
sion and help to store up soil
moisture that may be needed
later in a period of scanty rain
fall to insure the future growth
and maturing of the crop.

To farm successfully and con¬
tinuously on steep hillsides has
always been a major problem to
the farmer. The difficulty of hold¬
ing the land has been easily recog¬
nized because on these steep slopes
erosion progresses at a rapid rate
and is visible from year to year.
While the same destructive move¬
ment of soils has been taking
place on the more gentle slopes,
it is not as spectacular and usu¬
ally has been overlooked until
most of the productive top soil
was gone from the fields and the
plows began turning up the in¬
fertile subsoil.

In contrast to the elaborate
systems of terracing constructed
by ancient peoples, farmers in
California, Eastern Ohio, Western Pennsyl¬
vania, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Minnesota, New
York and New Jersey, and other places in
the United States have developed a system
of successfully farming their steep slopes
that has the good points and omits many
of the bad features of the ancient methods
of hillside farming.

In parts of the South this work has been
particularly successful. There with the bare
and unfrozen ground, every winter storm is
a potential erosion problem. Terracing and
strip cropping handle it. John W. Wilkinson

*P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28, 1941

392

Peat — Its Nature and Value to Horticulture

By H. B

When the ill-fated German trans¬
atlantic passenger liner Columbus
was scuttled by its crew and sank
in the Atlantic scarcely more than
a year ago, it carried with it memo¬
ries of more pleasant nature. A
few months earlier when she lay
in dock in New York harbor she
was visited by a group that was in¬
specting a passenger liner for the
first time and was duly impressed
by her size and appointments — a
luxurious travelling hotel. And, on
that occasion, from one of the deep
* hatches that extended like a 10-story
elevator shaft from the upper decks
clear down to her keel were being
unloaded thousands of bales of
German peat moss, brought across
the ocean on the western trip as
ballast. Those days are past, and
with their passage comes the urge
in various parts of the country for
the development of a domestic
supply of peat.

What is peat? This is a very im¬
portant place to begin, because half
of the misunderstandings and mis¬
conceptions about peat and its uses
are due to the great variety of ma¬
terials labelled “peat,” ranging all
the way from the peat used as fuel
in Ireland to the muck land used for
vegetable crops. To make no distinc¬
tions in peat is almost as bad as con¬
sidering olive oil, caster oil, fuel
oil, and banana oil as having similar
properties just because they are all
called “oil.”

Technically, peat is an accumu¬
lation of organic matter from plants
which occurs either under water or
in a water-saturated environment, as
in a bog, so that rapid decomposition
does not take place (Fig. 1). Nor¬
mally, in the presence of air, organic
materials of this kind are decom¬
posed rapidly through the activity
of micro-organisms. In the environ¬
ment under which peat is formed,
not only is decomposition checked
but also the materials develop a
characteristic resistance to further
oxidation, and there is an accumu¬
lation of acids. Usually peat is brown
in color, usually it is found in layers,
and usually these layers include
layers of blackish material where in
bygone ages the water level was low
and so permitted rapid decompo¬
sition of those particular strata.
Black muck soils are examples of
surface materials of this type. The
peat for fuel in Ireland is less oxi¬
dized and therefore can be used for
heat just as any other undecomposed
plant material, as “Buffalo chips”
were used by western settlers in the
Western Plain States in pioneer days.

But fully as important as the
submergence of the material is the
type of plant material that is ac¬
cumulated. That is to say, if it were
possible for corn stalks to have ac¬
cumulated naturally in this way over
a period of thousands of years, there
would very likely be developed a
material which might be called
“corn stalk peat.” Likewise, if the
material is an accumulation or reeds
or sedges it is frequently called
“sedge and reed peat.” If is consists
of forest litter and leaves it is called
“forest peat” or “woods peat.” Or,
if it is largely sphagnum moss it is
called “moss peat” or more common¬
ly and perhaps incorrectly “peat
moss.”

Anyone who will take the time
can largely determine these facts for

. Tukey

himself, because plant parts can be
seen in the peat. That is, if it is a
woods peat, portions of leaves and
twigs will be found. If rt is a sedge
and reed peat, the fibrous roots and
portions of long reed leaves will be
found. If it is a sphagnum peat, it
is possible to see the sphagnum
moss leaves.

Inasmuch as the accumulation
occurs over a period of time, it is
to be expected that the climate or
drainage might have changed and
that the plant growth might have
changed. That is another reason why
a peat deposit commonly comprises
bands of different colors and of
different materials, frequently con¬
sisting of a few feet or inches of
one type of peat, as sphagnum above
a few feet of sedge and reed, (Fig.
4) or perhaps a layer of woods peat
under sedge peat (Fig. 3). And that
is why it is easy to get into an
argument over a handful of peat as
to whether a particular deposit is
moss peat or sedge and reed peat
or just what. It merely emphasizes
that peat must be bought by specifi¬
cation as to what it is rather than
by specification as to the geo¬
graphical location of the deposit.
Because, of course, peats composed
of different plant accumulations vary
in their properties and values.

For example, peat moss is 98 or 99
per cent organic matter, is very acid
(pH 3.0 to 4.5), is low in nitrogen
(about 1 per cent) and ash (1.5 to
3.0 per cent), and will absorb 6 to
15 times its dry weight of water.
Coarse materials are good for bed¬
ding and poultry litter, while finer
materials are best for horticultural
purposes. Sedge and reed peat is 80
to 95 per cent organic matter, is
moderately acid (pH 4.5 to 6.5),
carries somewhat more nitrogen than
peat moss (2.0 to 3.5 per cent) and
ash (5 to 30 per cent), and will ab¬
sorb from 3 to 12 times its dry weight
of water. It is equally valuable for
composting in the soil and as a
surface mulch. Forest peat is 75 to
90 per cent organic matter, is acid
(pH 3.0 to 4.5), and will absorb 4
to 8 times its weight of water. It is
valuable for soil.improvement. Peat
soil or sedimentary peat is 60 to 80 per
cent organic matter, moderately acid
or even alkaline (pH 4.5 to 8.0), and
may absorb only a few times its
weight of water. It is valuable for
soil improvement.

Further, peat as sold may vary
considerably in moisture content.
Even marketable “dry” peat carries
30 to 35 per cent moisture. As an
illustration of how two samples of
peat may vary, Selman Waksman
of the New Jersey Experiment Sta¬
tion, to whom the writer is indebted
for the profile diagrams and part
of the material in this article, gives
an analysis of two commercial peats,
the one carrying 1,300 pounds of
moisture, 640 pounds of organic
matter, and 60 pounds of ash per
ton, and the other carrying 1,600,
300, and 100 pounds respectively of
the same materials. In other words
the first sample carries over twice
as much organic matter per ton as
does the second, and it is organic
matter which one purchases when
one purchases peat. Peat is not a
fertilizer in the ordinary use of the
term.

But because it is a fine source of
organic matter, because this organic

A sedge and reed bog in the making in Northern Illinois.

matter is of a type
that resists rapid de¬
composition, and be¬
cause of its high
moisture holding ca¬
pacity, peat has a real
place in horticulture
and agriculture. It
serves primarily as a
soil conditioner — binds
sand, loosens clay,
permits better perme¬
ation of water and
air, increases the
availability of mineral
plant foods, favors
root penetration, and
improves moisture
holding. Mixed with
soil one-fourth to one-
half by volume it is
a valuable top dress¬
ing for lawns and
golf courses. Com¬
posted with manure
it makes a splendid
material. It can be
used to smother weeds
in a flower garden,
-it makes an excellent

Sphagnum,

little

decomposed

Sphagnum ,

well

decomposed

Wood and
sedge peat

Sedimentary

peat

Clay

v- v v -V ' ” v

V \/ N/ N/ \/ N/ v V V ^ ^
' V v V' V/ N/ \X . Y NX

/ S/ \/ v/ \/ x/ Y/ \s

v/ v v **v*yvf< y

\/ V' \/\»

V N/ v ^

•••/ \/ \/ V" V/ \/

Top: Profile of a

peat moss deposit.

Center: Profile of a
forest peat deposit.

Bottom: Profile of a
sphagnum sedge and reed peat
deposit.

_V.v

f v '

. v Forest
' \/ - peat
\/ \ /

M Tree
stumps

\zrrZl Colloidal
- — peat

v.v.v Sand

bottom

surface mulch, and if
one could secure it
cheaply enough by the
truck load it would
work wonders in im¬
proving a garden.

The writer has often
felt that many small
home owners and
gardeners would se¬
cure better returns for
their money from a
purchase of moss peat
than from a similar
amount spent for com¬
mercial fertilizer — for
the reason that most
gardens and home
plots are more likely
to be handicapped by
poor physical con¬
dition of the soil than
low fertility. Further
there is the tendency
to “overdo” fertilizer
applications. The writ¬
er has seen window
boxes so heavily fer¬
tilized with commer¬
cial fertilizer that no
plant could live in
them.

At the Experiment
Station at Geneva,
peat moss has been
used as a top dress¬
ing on seed beds in heavy soil
and has doubled the emergence
of seedlings. Used mixed with the
soil in the tree hole at the time of
transplanting trees on heavy soils it
has hastened starting of the trees
and improved growth in wet years
when soil aeration was poor. Used
in propagation beds it has increased
the percentage of rooting aim. the
type of rooting. Thus it is evident
that peat has a wide variety of uses
in horticulture and gardening.

Until now the availability of a
European product has not been
favorable to development of Ameri¬
can peat deposits. But with the
European supply shut off, and with
American horticulture becoming con-

Sedge -peat ,
decomposed

Sedge peat ,
unde composed

^v^Vy Woody peat

* Y V

Shells in
peat

• ‘Sedimentary
_ peat

Clay

scious of the value of peat, there is
no reason why American deposits
will not be developed. There are
literally thousands of them scattered
throughout the country — over 200,000
acres of peat in New Jersey alone —
so that most localities, especially in
the North, should be able to find and
see developed a not too distant
supply, perhaps for bulk delivery.
This is a matter of local investigation
of supplies and seeing what can be
done in marketing them.

It will be a great day when peat
can be removed from the class of
“luxury” garden • items and be
secured easily in quantity at a
modest price.

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

393

Plan for the Fruit and Vegetable Industry

By Edward S. Dixon

For a long tome we have known
that there is something radically
wrong with our system of distri¬
bution of fresh fruits and vegetables.
In spite of that realization, no par¬
ticular effort has been made to bring
about any constructive changes.

A few months ago, in Washington,
D. C., a huge nationwide cooperative
was formed, primarily made up of
producers. The purpose of this or¬
ganization was to obtain a more
orderly and economical method of
marketing of these producers’ pro¬
ducts, to clarify our ideas about dis¬
tribution, to obtain a better under¬
standing of our present system, and
during this study, to prepare our¬
selves for some valuable new slants.
In this connection a few facts about
our present system of handling fresh
fruits and vegetables would be in
order here to explain why it is so
cumbersome, expensive, and un¬
economical.

In the first place, there is entirely
too much duplication and over¬
lapping. We have somewhere be¬
tween 5,000,000 and 10,000,000 farm¬
ers producing fruits and vegetables,
every one of whom is a separate
selling agency for whatever he in¬
dividually grows. In the production
end, there is no overlapping, but as
far as selling is concerned, there is
much duplication and overlapping.
The shipper buys from either poor¬
ly informed or incorrectly informed
farmers who all too often sustain
heavy losses. In these cases, the
farmer’s loss is not the shipper’s
gain, for in this disorganized dis¬
tributive system, the shipper is often
as poorly informed as the grower.

The real trouble starts with the
dealers. Each dealer has an office
and warehousing space. He has one
or more road men or buyers. He has
a bookkeeping department. He has
a sales force, or he may possibly
act as his own salesman. He has
unlimited territory in which to sell.
But he overlaps with other dealers
in his buying. He overlaps with
receivers in his selling, and is spend¬
ing valuable overhead attempting to
buy of the farmers and who have
already been contacted, at the same
time spending money on letters,
wires and telephone calls in an at¬
tempt to either sell, joint or con¬
sign shipments to the same receivers.
He is also spending money in the
maintenance of warehousing and
packing house space which is far
more than adequate for the needs
of the territory he serves.

In like manner, our receivers are
in a comparable predicament. Every
receiver has an office and warehouse
space. Many have buyers or solici¬
tors. They too have their bookkeep¬
ing departments, their sales forces,
unlimited territory in which to buy
or solicit, and an unlimited territory
in which to sell. They also overlap.
They are all attempting to either
buy, joint or receive consignments
from the same shippers — which
causes a duplication of letter, wire
and telephone costs. Whenever
there is a slight advance in the
market, every receiver contacts
every dealer and encourages ship¬
ments, which again is expensive and
incidentally often causes gluts, a
piling up of supplies which far ex¬
ceed consumptive demands.

After these fruits and vegetables
arrive, we again find numerous
duplications. Every receiver is at¬
tempting to sell to the same buyers,
causing additional selling costs.
Every receiver maintains store space
and many have transportation facili¬
ties. Since the buyers purchase from
various receivers, it is often neces¬
sary for four or five receivers to
make separate deliveries of small
quantities to the different buyers,
thus accumulating the wastage of
duplication.

In this dog-eat-dog' method of dis¬
tribution, no one has the slightest
idea of the daily shipments to each
market. Everyone is trying to beat
the other fellow, with the result that
far too large quantities are shipped,
which in turn cause market gluts
with resulting losses. This same lack
of method often causes bare markets
as well, which, while it is enjoyed
by the fortunate few who happen
to own the few available supplies,
still is wholly undesirable from the
standpoint of orderly marketing.

Why hasn’t this bunglesome sys¬
tem been relegated to the' ash pile

and a more economical and intelli¬
gent system instituted? The tendency
to go on in the same old way is
too strong; the desire to think and
plan is too weak. Shippers and re¬
ceivers have been altogether too
lethargic. They seem to feel that the
perishable business should enjoy
special privileges which manufac¬
turing firms do not. They have
taken the attitude that “what was
good enough for father is good
enough for me,” and that stream¬
lining and stepping up efficiency are
not integral parts of their business.

In the South and West many co¬
operative marketing agencies have
been formed and are doing an
efficient job. It may be that con¬
ditions in the North, Central and
Eastern sections of the United States
do not lend themselves as handily
to the form of organization employed
in the South and West. There are
many small growers in these three
sections raising the same crops over
a much wider area, thus making it
much more difficult to work out any
united plans. Whenever any co¬
operative moves have been started,
the tendency has been, to attempt
to copy after the South and West,
and quite naturally the results have
been disastrous.

Our problem of distribution here in
the East is a problem for the whole
trade, from the producer right on up
to the retailer. The producers cannot
solve it without the cooperation of
the shippers and receivers, nor can
the shippers and receivers get very
far without working with the pro¬
ducers. Shippers and receivers
could of course raise their efficiency
considerably by cutting out a large
part of this duplication and over¬
lapping, and groups of them could
combine with central packing and
selling agencies and central buying
and receiving agencies. That would
be a mighty step forward. But this
move would not necessarily acquaint
shippers and receivers with the pro¬
ducer’s problems. It is my conten¬
tion, therefore, that any betterment
in the position of the trade as a
whole, but primarily that of the pro¬
ducers, must come as a result of in¬
tensive cooperative efforts on the
part of everyone concerned.

The second conclusion reached is
that we must change our whole at¬
titude and philosophy to one of
“live and let live.” The “knife-the-
other-fellow” attitude seems to be
one of the greatest banes to the
existence of profitable agriculture.
There is probably no business wrhich
is more cut-throat than the fresh
fruit and vegetable industry. When
a manufacturer produces an article,
he figures his costs, adds his profit
and the price is quite definitely set.
The wholesaler or jobber must pay
that price or go without. In our in¬
dustry the producer raises his crops
and figures his costs and profit, but
when it comes to demanding his
price, it means absolutely nothing.
He takes what he can get, and that
is all too often less than the cost
of production alone, to say nothing
of an.y profit. Nearly everything in
this business is sold by dickering and
it is only on rare occasions that a
seller can ask a certain price and
not have to make one or more con¬
cessions before the sale is consum¬
mated.

What can be done to bring about
this change? I doubt whether a
nationwide cooperative organization
would be practical now, for several
reasons. In the first place, there are
no sponsoring organizations to in¬
stigate, organize, and steer such a
huge undertaking as would be neces¬
sary. The Farm Bureau, Grange, etc.
would undoubtedly be glad to help
but actual sponsorship of such or¬
ganizations is not within the scope of
their powers. Our trade organi¬
zations would not cooperate, because
many of their members would fear
that they might lose their jobs. At
present, the government is the only
log'^s1. sponsor left, but it hardly
seems that government control of
this industry is imperative or desir¬
able. With lack of such sponsoring
organizations, there is the added fact
that there is no one to finance such
a project. And in the third place,
sufficient data or experience have not
yet been collected to permit an in¬
telligent effort in this direction.

(To be Continued)

The Ford Motor Company has built and sold more trucks
than any other manufacturer.

Economy is one big reason why
you’ll find so many Ford Trucks
at work on the nation’s farms.

Ford Trucks cost less to run
— use less gas — seldom need re¬
pairs — but if repairs are needed.
Ford parts and
service cost less.

Moreover, Ford
offers a low-cost
Engine and Parts
Exchange Plan
which prolongs the
useful life of the
truck by years!

Ford Trucks are
built to do a big¬

ger day’s work. They’re easy to
handle, quick on the getaway,
time savers on the open road.
Around the farm they buckle
down to work with a full 90
horsepower pull.

All things consid¬
ered, you can’t
beat a Ford Truck
for farm work.
From first cost to
last, they’re saving
all the way. Ask
your Ford dealer
for an "on-your-
job” test and
you'll buy a Ford.

FORD

TRUCKS

AND COMMERCIAL CARS

394

RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Garden Spot Dedicates
its Museum

Lancaster County, Pennsylvania,
with its farms, its thrift and its
dialect has been moving along
quietly and conscientiously doing its
best and minding its own business
ever since the beginning of the
seventeen hundreds. When William
Penn invited people of down-trodden
Europe to settle in his woods, some
Germans from the upper Rhine and
Switzerland responded. These people
found this county, they saw that it
was good, they settled here and
here they have stayed. To have the
original deeds for their farms from
those early years is not unusual here
and to have stored in attics and
roomy barns samples of the develop¬
ments in farming and homemaking
up from those early years is also
quite general.

Many people who are interested
in preserving these landmarks of
progress and saving them for the
Lancaster County of the future have
been worried because too many of
our antiques were being sold out of
the county or ignorantly destroyed.
Because two brothers, Henry K. and
George D. Landis did something
about the matter, our county now has
a museum. Through their interest
and unfailing efforts reference ma¬
terial and original pieces for the
study and preservation of the folk¬
lore and customs, and the arts' and
the crafts are now available and the
qualities and contributions of our
sturdy and scrupulous ancestors can
be passed on.

The Landis Valley Museum has
been formally dedicated and is now
open to the public. It is situated
about four miles north of Lancaster
on Route No. 222 from Lancaster
through Ephrata (the home of The
Cloisters) to Reading. It is built on
land given by the Landis brothers.

In the first fireproof units of the
museum built by the Oberlaender
Trust of the Carl Schurz Memorial
Foundation are housed the Landis
brothers’ collection of almost 200,000
pieces, including collections from this
section of tools, artifacts, implements,
vehicles, household articles, things
actually made and used in these
parts. A library of over 20,000 books
and pamphlets also collected by the
brothers over many years is being
made available. The April issue of
The American-German Review is
dedicated to the Landis Valley
Museum and the whole issue is de¬
voted to the museum and the
brothers who have made such a
valuable contribution available for
future generations.

We cannot help but feel that
through this generous gift of the
Landis brothers, the rest of us, who
claim Lancaster County as our home
and are proud to be Pennsylvania
Dutch, will liberally contribute from
our attics and cupboards and safes,
pieces and books that will help to
make the museum complete and £>art
of us.

The buildings are authentic copies
of by-gone days. When you enter
the office building you forget the
noise and rush of the modern world.
The furnishings and old pieces seem
to give a feeling of quiet and peace.
To meet either of the brothers, who
are curators of the museum, or their
assistant Dr. Felix Reichmann and
see the exhibits through their eyes,
is really an education. This is not
a regular museum and you carry
away with you more than just a
vision of yesteryear; you see the
growth and development of an agri¬
cultural people. You cannot help
feel too that the land and what it
produces in sustenance and strength
and growth has been and always
will be most worthwhile.

Pennsylvania

Mrs. Reuben Carper

Bake oven that will really bake-— at the Landis Valley Museum.

RURAL1SMS

The Bull-Horn Acacia. — In re¬
ferring to Acacias recently, we
mentioned a variety whose inflated
thorns were populated by very war¬
like ants, as described by Thomas
Belt in “A Naturalist in Nicaragua.”
Shortly after the item appeared we
received a specimen from Wilbur F.
Smith of Florida, which proved to
be this Acacia, commonly called bull¬
horn Acacia, botanically A. corni-
gera. Mr. Smith stated that this
Acacia had appeared on a point of
land at Lemon Bay, an arm of the
Gulf of Mexico, the owner of the
land stating it appeared after a
hurricane. We are not informed
whether the plant itself appeared
after the hurricane, or whether it
was a seedling. The specimen showed
the ferocious inflated thorns nearly
two inches long, which, we were
told, were populated by hot-tem¬
pered ants, but we do not know
whether the ants were assisted
emigrants as well as the plant. This
Acacia is a native of Mexico, but
is now quite widely disseminated in
the American tropics. There is little
doubt that this plant or seed pro¬
ducing it really was carried to
Florida by a hurricane, for wind
and ocean do carry seeds or other
plant material incredible distances.
Florida is so situated that its flora

has been greatly enriched by natural¬
ized plants from localities farther
south.

The Graceful Akebia. — It is near¬
ly a century since the Japanese vine,
Akebia quinata, was introduced to
European gardens, and it still holds
favor where a hardy vine of twining
habit is desired. Though deciduous
here is holds its dark green foliage
late in the season; in a milder climate
it is evergreen. The five-parted
rather small leaves are pretty, and
the small bronzy purple flowers
are odd and attractive. The flowers
are imperfect, though staminate and
pistillate blooms appear in the same
cluster; fruit is rarely seen, though
it does form occasionally without
artificial pollination. The sausage¬
shaped fruit is sweet, the interior
like a jelly or pulp. It is a popular
fruit in Japan, though rather insipid
to our palate. The tough pliable
stems are used by the Japanese in
wicker work. The Akebia is a good
vine for trellis or pergola, and is
excellent to sprawl over rocks or
stumps. Most authorities say it grows
to about 12 feet, but we have seen
it make much more growth than this;
we have recollections of an old vine
in southern New Jersey which was
growing above the second story of
a house with southern exposure,
where the Akebia was evergreen,
and produced a few fruits most
seasons. E. T. Hoyle

Patriotism and the 4-H

Our deeper feelings are often
hidden because of the routine of
daily living, or because we feel too
embarrassed to express them. How¬
ever, special occasions bring them
out. Today the great defense efforts
being carried on by our nation have
revived in us all the sentiments of
patriotism. All too often we limit
it to military affairs, but it really
means devotion to one’s country in
both peace and war. A patriot is one
who loves his country and zealously
guards its welfare.

The 1,300,000 4-H Boys and Girls
pledge their heads to clearer think¬
ing, their hearts to greater loyalty,
their hands to larger service, and
their health to better living for their
clubs, their communities, and their
country; to help to teach the im¬
portance of maintaining natural re¬
sources for the whole citizenry; to
think of others as well as one’s self,
and of the future as well as the
present.

The local community 4-H Club
committee brings local leaders and
parents together, and like the Parent-
Teacher Association in the public
school, develops “the joint service of
a common life.” The service club,
which may operate on a country¬
wide basis, trains the best country
young people to be willing to assume
responsibility and to be efficient in
discharging it. Beside the training
in agriculture and home economics
involved in carrying out specific pro¬
jects, the 4-H trains in the practical
skills of writing and figuring, gives
some insight into various sciences,
and teaches boys and girls how to
get on with one another. The
elementary principles of parliamen¬
tary law are inculcated. So each
club, by exercising freedom under
authority, becomes a working modgl
of a democracy.

The travel involved in attending
county conferences and state camps,
or in visiting farms and state
colleges, broadens horizons and has
a genuine educational value. The
contest winners who go to the
national dairy show, or to the 4-H
Congress in Chicago, or to Washing¬
ton, come in contact with young
rural leaders from every State in
the Union. Thus narrow sectional¬
ism tends to be replaced by loyalty

June 28, 1941

to the Federal government. Four-H
work is a constant stimulus to un¬
selfish willingness to serve the larger
group. The playing and singing of
“taps” at 4-H gatherings, together
with the candlelight ceremonies, help
to raise the morale of our rural
young people.

Another lesson is to keep step with
other men. The countryman, as
truly as the soldier, needs to learn
how to co-ordinate his efforts with
those of others, and to carry on
efficient teamwork. The 4-H is one
of the forces tending to overcome
the undue individualism of rural life,
and to make for more socialized
communities. The soldier is re¬
quired to be neat and tidy, and the
4-H is laying increasing emphasis on
good grooming. Too often young
country people, boys especially, are
careless about their personal appear¬
ance. Frequent bathing, the care of
the hands and finger nails, clean
teeth, well-polished shoes, and cloth¬
ing that is clean and pressed, may
involve some expenditure of money,
but looking one’s best need not be
expensive, and it conduces to both
social and business success. Some¬
times the animal which the boy leads
into the show ring is better groomed
than the boy himself.

Farm life, like Army life, calls for
courage. The 4-H boy, like his older
bVother in the Army, is summoned
to a life very different from that of
the soft and sissy mollycoddle. The
Army engineers must overcome
natural obstacles; so must the buck
private match his powers of endur¬
ance against the long and weary
miles, and the vagaries of the sea¬
sons. In like manner, people who
live happily and successfully in the
country must endure hardness as
good soldiers. Army life has a
definite routine of discipline, which
fends to correct laziness, procras¬
tination, and insubordination. It
trains men to do things decently and
in order. Here also, farm life offers
a parallel. Chores compel regular
attention to duty. A cow is fully as
exacting as a commanding officer.
She requires service twice a day for
10 months in every year.

Four-H, by developing better
farming, better business, and better
living is rendering an authentic ser¬
vice to the Republic.

Kenneth C. MacArthur

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

This is a story of milk in the New
York milkshed. It goes back to the
earliest available sources of infor¬
mation to be found in print and
tradition for the commercial his¬
tory of the milk dairy industry in
New York State. It is probably the
first time it has been expressed
within the cover pages of any book.
It is interesting and informative. It
is also suggestive of the early habits
and customs that may have affected
the industry down to the present
time. The author was born on a
dairy farm and shared its trials, and
hardships, its interests and pleasures
for 30 years. The present milk system
began in 1870 and the author has
been able to write from personal
memory, constant and intimate con¬
tact for 70 years. He has known all the
organizations and most of the leaders
of them in the New York milkshed.
As a boy, impressed with the farm
cooperative principles advocated by
the Grange, he has been a consistent
champion of a dairy cooperative

system down to the present time.

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer and distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for distribution based
on costs plus the average rate of profits paid by the producers
on the supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete refer¬
ence index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street New York City

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

395

Leaf Troubles of Garden
Trees

(Continued from Page 390)

Applications must be made early
while the worms are small and sus¬
ceptible to nicotine poisoning. If
leaf miner damage is anticipated and
arsenate of lead is added to the Black
Leaf and put on in the early part
of the season, many of the flies, per¬
haps most of them, can be dispatched
before the eggs are laid so that much
damage may be forestalled. Areas
that are much infested one year will
display some of it the next season
unless the control work is precise
and effective. Two seasons may be
needed for a real clean up.

Tar Spots of Maple

The black discoloration often seen
on maple, willow and oak leaves and
often called tar spot, is caused by
a fungus which lives mostly on the
surface of the leaf during the grow¬
ing season. This is evidently one
species of the fungus known as
Rhytisma. There may be several
species working on different kinds
of trees. In most cases the discolor¬
ation is due either to the fungus it¬
self or the spores which it forms.
Sometimes, however, the dark spot
is due to the death of leaf tissue,
causing it first to be brown and
later to turn black, but in most
cases it is due to a fungus.

If these tar spots are not too
numerous or too conspicuous they
may be disregarded as of no par¬
ticular importance, but if they are
numerous or conspicuous enough to
arouse curiosity or cause distress
some things can be done to reduce
the numbers of them or diminish
the cause of the trouble. If the trees
are within easy reach and affected
leaves can be picked and burned or
buried, this will be a very helpful
thing to do. If, however, the trees
are high and the spots numerous and
apparently on the increase, the leaves
can be raked up as soon as
they fall and then be burned or
buried to break the life cycle and
prevent the recurrence of the trouble
in the succeeding year. The fungus
lives over the Winter on the old
leaves, and spreads anew to fresh
leaves in the Spring. In some cases
where it is practicable to spray the
trees without risk of staining build¬
ings or other plants, a fungicide such
as Bordeaux, sulfur dust or some
of the sulfur powders will un¬
doubtedly prevent the spread of the
trouble. But spray should be put
on during the early part of June be¬
fore the tar spots begin to develop.

Cedar Apples

Little brown structures on cedar
trees known as cedar apples spoil
the looks of handsome cedar trees.
They are tough, spongy, brown
structures the size of a nutmeg but
long and rounded and are the fruit¬
ing bodies of cedar rust. These galls
vary in size from one-half to one
inch across as shown in the illustra¬
tion, are shaped somewhat like a
kidney, and are reddish brown
in color. They develop spores in the
Spring that spread the rust to apple
trees. These galls grow throughout
the Summer of the second year and
attain full size by Fall. The next
Spring the galls become soft and
brown gelatinous horns form on
them from which spores spread to
infect the leaves of the apple trees.
Spots form first on the foliage.
Later scars develop on the fruit,
spoiling its looks and therefore its
value.

In many sections of the country
the disease is frequently serious. It
occurs as far west as Iowa and
Nebraska and south to Virginia and
the Carolinas.

The life of cedar and apple rust
is too complicated to be fully recited
in this short study but is a sample
of plant disease that requires two
different plants or hosts to com¬
plete the life cycle. It must live on
apple or wild crab or thorn in
Summer and on red cedar in Winter.
The fungus alternates back and
forth, from one species to the other
at different seasons of the year, so
that red cedar and apple must be
in the same locality for the per¬
petuation of rust. Red cedar trees
or hedges of them are a menace to
apple trees and apple trees are a
menace to cedar.

In July spores are formed on the
apple leaf which in time are dis¬
charged and are carried by the wind
to the red cedar where cedar galls
develop in the Fall. Thus in early

Spring the fungus migrates from
cedar to apples, and in mid-Summer
it goes back to the cedar again,
alternating its host plants with the
advancing season. Thorn apple may
substitute for apple as an alternat¬
ing host. But the complete life cycle
requires about two years, as one
year elapses between the inocu¬
lation from the apple leaf and the
appearance of the gall on the cedar
tree. “Cedar apples” or galls seem
to require one full year for com¬
plete development. Moisture and
warmth are the material factors in
the spread of rust.

There are instances where orna¬
mental plantings of cedars are
made on the land of another person
where the cutting of the whole tree
is not permissable. In such cases
permission may be secured to cut
only the galls on the cedar trees;
and this is a commendable practice
if carefully done so as not to harm
the ornamental plants. But annual
inspection of such trees should be
made, to keep the cedar apples cut
out before they mature.

Red cedar trees, which are Juni-
perus virginiana, are distinguished
from the white cedar by their scale¬
like, acute leaves which are also
near the ends of the twigs. There
are several varieties of red cedar
in cultivation.

In brief, then, it is seen that cedar
rust is a two-host disease which is
injurious to cedar and apples. The
disorder spreads from cedar to apple
in Spring; and from apple to cedar
in July. Property owners of both
red cedars and apple trees may ex¬
pect cedar apple rust on both species.

Galls on Spruces

Spruces and pines as well as firs
and cedars extensively used in door-
yard and park plantings are by no
means always healthy and free from
pests. A gardener was once -heard
to remark, “if you plant evergreens
you will not be bothered with plant
pests.” Still it is true that conifers
do have their enemies in cultivated
areas as well as in the wild.

One merely needs to call to mind
pine weevil, spruce gall fly, “cedar
apples,” pine leaf scale, blister rust,
etc. to be mindful what may befall
any evergreen tree of dooryard, park
or cemetery. The beauty of a fine
shade tree should not be marred by
pests that can be easily controlled.

Spruces are affected with galls
caused by aphids which produce
cone-shaped structures three-fourths
of an inch long near the base of
shoots. These small malformations
are unsightly. White, Norway and
Sitka spruces are subject to this
trouble.

The spruce gall aphid can be
suppressed by spraying in Spring
just before the buds open with Black
Leaf 40, using one pint in 100 gallons
of water, to which is added a half
inch cube of powdered soap. Drench
the plants on a cool dry day. The
end of twigs should be thoroughly
sprayed. One may carefully cut out
these galls without harming the
trees and thus save the bother and
expense of spraying.

No Rural New-Yorker Trip

Would you please send me all
necessary information regarding your
1941 trip, such as literature, price
and anything else you deem it
necessary to know. My plans are
rather indefinite in regard to going
anywhere but I would like to know
all about your intended tour.

New Jersey mrs. j. e. w.

Is there to . be a “vacation trip”
this year as usual, sponsored by your
magazine? I have looked in several
of your recent numbers of the R.
N.-Y. but see no mention of such
a western tour. I would appreciate
it if you would inform me about
the matter. a. b. o.

Connecticut

Some weeks ago an item was
published in these columns asking
how many would be interested in
a vacation trip this Summer and
in a re-union dinner during May,
in an effort to get some idea as to
how many were vacation-minded
this year. The response indicated
the uncertainty which our friend
voices and some others did not want
to go far from home. Therefore, in
consideration of the troubled con¬
ditions in the world it seemed wise
to defer our usual Summer trip for

this year. Personally I feel a little
lost not to be planning a trip and
having personal contact with so many
of our friends who have enjoyed
the travel and companionship for
the past eleven years when we have
covered many of the high spots of
this wide country of ours. We con¬
fidently look forward to better world
travel conditions next year and per¬
haps an Alaskan trip. We hope,
therefore, our good friends will keep
this in mind and plan for a right
royal vacation next year to make
up for the one we are missing this
year. I am open to any suggestions
for a re-union dinner in the Fall
if our friends would like to get to¬
gether and talk over where we have
been and where we want to go.

M. G. KEYES,
Tour Director

An Orange Co. Patriarch

John K. Brown of Walden, N. Y.
died suddenly of pneumonia after
a five days’ illness. He was born
on December 11, 1854 and died

May 1, 1941 in the same house,
which his father had built in 1834.
When he was four years old, his
father died and at the age of nine
Mr. Brown started to help his mother
run the farm. He married in 1878
and had eight children, six of whom
are still living. Two of them will
remain on the old homestead and
run the farm.

Mr. Brown lived an active life
and always worked for the better¬
ment of farm conditions and the
community. He was trustee of the
Coldenham District School No. 3 for
40 years. His wife, who was also
active in the community died last
year at the age of 87 years. Both
will be missed in the county and
their home.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JUNE, 28, 1941

FARM TOPICS

Plan for Fruit and Vegetable Industry 393

What Farmers Say . 39s

Profits in Western Fruit . 397

Has There Been a Surplus? . " 397

The Spirit of the Farm . 397

Rambling Along at Long Acres . 405

News From Steuben County . 405

HORTICULTURE

Leaf Troubles of Garden Trees . 390

Soil Erosion Control . . . 391

Peat — Its Nature and Value . 392

Ruralisms . ’ ’ 394

Profits in Western Fruit _ 397

Growing Alfalfa . ’ *' 405

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

315,000 for Aberdeen- Angus Bull . 390

The Milk Indictments . 397

The Milk Amendments . ’’ 397

Comparative Milk Production Feed Costs 398

Horse with Bots . 399

Bunch on Horse . 399

Congested Udder . 399

Ayrshire Breeders Meet . 399

Milk Production in Pennsylvania . 399

Twenty Years with Pastures . 408

WOMAN AND HOME

Our Part . 400

Junior Flower Show . 400

From the Little Brown House . 400

Mrs. Tillou’s Prize Winning Recipes .... 400

Castors in Style Again . 401

Tricky Garden Apron . 401

Chain Letters . 401

More Ideas on Kitchen Thrift . 401

THE HENYARD

Summer Income From Eggs . 396

Coryza . 403

Tumors in Hens . 403

Producing Capons . 403

Linseed Meal for Hens . 403

Abnormal Eggs . 403

N. H. Poultrymen Meet . % . . 404

Ohio Poultry Day . 404

Raising Broilers and Fryers . 404

Chickens on New Range . 404

MISCELLANEOUS

The Garden Spot Dedicates a Museum 394

Patriotism and the 4-H 394

Qualifications of a Judge . 396

Our Great Democracy . 396

More Food Indictments . 396

Market News and Prices . 404

Damage to Bird Life . 405

No Rural New-Yorker Tour . 405

An Orange County Patriarch . 405

PLANTS

ALL LEADING VARIETIES

100

500

1000

Cabbage .

w postage
prepaid

postage

prepaid

$1.40

postage

prepaid

$1.85

1000

F.O.B.

$1.00

Pepper .

. 60

2.00

3.50

2.50

Cauliflower ...

4.00

6.00

5.50

Sweet Potato .

2.00

3.50

3.00

Egg Plant ...

3.00

5.00

4.00

Brussel Sprouts

1.50

2.50

1.75

Broccoli .

. 60

2.00

3.00

1.50

Collard .

1.40

1.85

1.00

Lettuce .

1.35

2.00

1.50

Beet .

1.50

2.50

1.50

Tomato .

1.50

2.00

1.25

FLOWERING

PLANTS — Zinnia, Aster, Marigold.

Scarlet Sage. Calendula, Cosmos, Celosia, Snapdragon'
Chrysanthemum, Gallardia. Calliopsis. Petunia. Phlox’
Balsam. Strawflower, Verbena, Blue Lace Flower’
Larkspur, Scabiosa, Snow on Mountain, Alyssum Stock’
Amaranthus, Centaurea, IV2C each. Postage Prepaid!
Plants grown from selected seed stock; all plants care¬
fully packed in Live Moss. We guarantee good delivery.

Send for Free Catalogue of Seeds and Plants.

OROL LEDDEN & SONS, Sewell, N. J.
Largest Growers & Shippers of Vegetable Plants in N.J.

Cabbage 3P 1 a n t s

Extra fine Danish Bullhead (short stem) also
Copenhagen. Marion Market. Flatdutch and All
Seasons (yellows resistant) now ready. $1.25 thousand
10,000, $10.00. Tomato Plants for late setting $1.75
thousand; 10,000, $15.00. Sweetpotato Plants $1.50
thousand; 10,000. $12.50. The difference you pay for
select quality plants will more than be regained by
increased crop production. Our 30 years experience is
at your service. J. P. COUNCILL C0„ Franklin, Va.

CONCRETE

Do your modernizing for keeps, with concrete I
Here’s a “how to doit’ ’ book that gives detailed
information on building septic tanks, founda¬
tions, feeding floors, barn floors, tanks and
troughs, milk cooling tanks.

Remember, concrete is firesafe, fermife
proof, easy to work with, low in first cost,
needs no upkeep, endures for generations.

You can do your own concreting — or hire a
local concrete contractor. Write us for your free
copy of “Permanent Farm Construction

PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION

Dept KBd-16, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

Dept. M6D-I0, 1528 Walnut St., Phila., Pa.
Please send me" Permanent Farm Con¬
struction.” I am especially interested in

Name _ _

St. or R R. No -

City

State -

SAMPLE

and litera¬
ture. Ask
your lumber
dealer or
write.

_ vn

The SISALKRAFT Co.

201-K W. Wacker Drive • Chicago, HI.

vegetable

PLANTS

CABBAGE PLANTS: grown from YELLOWS RE¬
SISTANT SEED. Grows good crops where others fall.
Golden Acre. Marion Market, Allhead Select. Wls
Allseason. Globe and Wis. Bullhead.

TOMATO: John Baer, Stokesdale, Scarlett Topper.
Marglobe, Rutgers and Stone.

We Pay Transportation

100 500 1000 5000

Cabbage . $0.50 $1.40 $1.90 $7.50

Tomato . 50 1.40 1.90 7.50

Pepper . 60 2.00 3.50 16.25

Sweet Potato . 60 2.00 3.50 15.00

Broccoli, Lettuce & Beets .50 1.50 2.40 10.00

C. E. FIELD PLANT FARM
SEWELL, NEW JERSEY, Location Barnsboro

396

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER
Established 1S50

Published Bl- Weekly by the Bnr»l Publishing Co., Ine. 333 West 30th St,, Hew York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary,

William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell W. Duck

H. B. Tukey Mrs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

Our Great Democracy

Part V

HE European democracies succeeded
centralized forms of government but re¬
tained many of the forms and customs of
monarchies and kingdoms. Our forefathers
created an original representative democracy.
In the Declaration of Independence they con¬
fined themselves to broad fundamental princi¬
ples and general truths. Four times in that
brief statement they express their faith in
God, hope in His mercy, and confidence in
His justice. They acknowledged His power
and invoked His blessing. They declared that
all men are created equal and endowed by
their Creator with certain inalienable rights
among which are life, liberty and the pursuit
of happiness, and that to secure these rights
governments are instituted among men, de¬
riving their just rights from the consent of
the governed. These pledges proclaim all true
Americans as believers in the fatherhood of
God, the brotherhood of men and their faith
in true democracy. These great truths have
been well called the soul of our American
system.

The Constitution consists of a framework
by which the details of practical life may be
regulated without violation of the great
broad truths of the Declaration of Indepen¬
dence. This structure of government consists
of three departments: legislative, executive,
and judicial. The Legislative Department is
authorized to make laws to regulate and
direct the activities of the people, but with¬
out infringing on any truth or principle of
the Declaration or Constitution. The Execu¬
tive Department is authorized to enforce the
law. The Judicial Department is given
authority to adjudicate the law. While these
departments are expected to cooperate with
one another to function as an efficient govern¬
ment, each one of them is independent of
the other two. Each is expected to be a check
on the others.

The Legislative Department is known as
the Congress. It consists of two chambers:
the House of Representatives and the Senate.
There are 435 elected by the voters of Con¬
gressional Districts for a term of two years.
Congress apportions the number of Represen¬
tatives from each State according to popu¬
lation. Each State fixes the size and location
of its Congressional Districts. The Senate has
96 members, two elected from each State to
serve for a term of six years.

The House of Representatives appoints its
own presiding officer, known as the Speaker.
The Vice-President presides over the Senate.
A proposed bill becomes law when it passes
both Houses by a majority vote and if the
President signs it. He may veto a bill within
ten days. If he neglects to take action on a
bill within ten days, it becomes a law unless
Congress by adjournment prevents its return
within the ten-day period, in which case it
shall not be a law. If a bill vetoed by the
President again passes both Houses by a two-
thirds majority, it becomes law over the
President’s objection.

The Supreme Court of the United States is
the Court of last resort in the pation. It con¬
sists of one Chief Justice and eight Associate
Justices all appointed by the President sub¬

ject to approval by the Senate. They hold
office for life unless removed by impeachment.
This Court may annul an act of Congress by
finding that the act violates a section or
sections of the Constitution. It has original
jurisdiction in cases of public ministers and
consuls and functions largely in appeal cases
in which States or individual basic rights are
involved, including appeals from Federal
District Courts and Circuit Courts of Appeals.

Our next part will contain some of the
most important personal and property rights
under our American democracy.

Summer Income from Eggs

HOT weather has hit us unusually early
this year, and its effect on egg quality
is well known. Egg quality is sure to decline
rapidly unless special care is taken to see
that the eggs are properly handled. A report
from the United States Department of Agri¬
culture shows that about five per cent, or
about 175 million dozens, of all eggs that
hens lay turn out to be a total loss, due to
careless handling. With hot weather a much
greater part of this loss occurs, most of which
could be avoided by greater care in gather¬
ing, storing and selling.

What then can the poultryman do to re¬
duce this loss and increase his income? First,
sell off or segregate all males as soon as the
breeding work is over, thus, producing in¬
fertile eggs and save losses due to germ de¬
velopment. Second, gather eggs more fre¬
quently in hot weather. Eggs are a perishable
product and if they can be kept clean and
cool, we have gone a long ways towards main¬
taining the original high quality. Third, if
possible, cool eggs to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
as soon as gathered. Open wire baskets should
be used and the eggs placed at once in a cool
room. Galvanized pails should not be used
for gathering eggs, or holding them as they
do not permit them to cool rapidly enough.
Also, cases should be cooled before eggs are
packed in them. Fourth, keep eggs cool on
their way to market. It is more or less a
waste of time to cool eggs after gathering,
and then overheat them in transit to market.
Fifth, market eggs frequently during hot
weather. Most marketing agencies have
facilities for holding eggs at cool tempera¬
tures. Besides, the shorter holding period on
the farm means that higher egg quality can
be maintained.

These five guides will all add up to a
better price for eggs produced because of
better quality. That is every poultryman’s
goal.

Qualifications of a Judge

THE New York Sun recently quoted the
following excerpts from an address by
Rufus Choate, describing the qualities of
a good judge:

“He should be profoundly learned in all the
learning of the law, and he must know how to
use that learning. . . . He is to know not mere¬
ly the law which you make and the Legislature
makes, not constitutional and statute law alone,
but that other ampler, that boundless juris¬
prudence, the common law ....

“In the next place he must be a man not
merely upright, not merely honest and well-
intentioned — this of course — but a man who will
not respect persons in judgment. . . . He shall
know nothing about the parties; everything about
the case. He shall do everything for justice;
nothing for himself; nothing for his friend; noth¬
ing for his patron; nothing for his sovereign. If,
on one side, is the executive power, and the
legislature, and the people — the sources of his
honors, the givers of his daily bread — and on
the other hand an individual nameless and
odious, his eye is to see neither, great or small,
attending only to the ‘trepidations of the balance.’
If a law is passed by a unanimous legislature,
clamored for by the general voice of the public,
and a cause is before him on it, in which the
whole community is on one side and an individ¬
ual nameless and odious on the other, and he
believes it to be against the Constitution, he
must so declare it or there is no judge! . . .

“And, finally, he must possess the perfect con¬
fidence of the community, that he bear not the
sword in vain. To be honest, to be no respecter
of persons, is not yet enough. He must be be¬
lieved such. . . . Give to the community such
a judge and I care little who makes the rest
of the Constitution, or what party administers
it.”

In the light of our experience, such per¬
fection will hardly be expected; but a sus¬
tained honest purpose in the appointments
might be the main result in an ideal
measure of justice.

June 28, 1941

More Food Indictments

rp HE anti-monopoly drive against food
A concerns continues with an indictment
returned by a Federal Grand Jury in Chicago
against 69 persons, firms and organizations
engaged in the pea canning business. The
charge is a conspiracy to fix prices for canned
peas in violation of the Sherman Act.

According to the indictment, the defendants
have since 1938 agreed among themselves
on an acreage reduction plan, determined
the annual pack of each canner, suppressed
competition among canners and fixed non¬
competitive prices for canned peas.

Included in the indictment are the Canned
Pea Marketing Institute, Canned Pea Market¬
ing, Inc., and the firm of Stevenson, Jordan
& Harrison, described as managerial engineers.

What Farmers Say

THE FARMER IS NOT FREE

Freedom for New York State dairymen is be¬
coming a thing of the past. More and more we
are being brought under the domination of the
big dealers. My son, who lives in a small village
in Onondaga County, keeps a cow and supplies
a few families with milk. A short while ago,
his cow being nearly dry, we gave him milk
from the farm for his own use so that he might
have sufficient to supply his customers. It was
but a few days later that an inspector came out
and told my son not to get any more milk from
the farm because the public health would be en¬
dangered.

Of course, this excuse was just a ruse to allow
someone to display his power to keep a poor
farmer down. I defy anyone to show me three
healthier children than the three here on my
farm. It isn’t bad enough that we are shamelessly
exploited and compelled to sell our milk for a
fraction of the price the consumer pays, but we
must be spied upon and victimized in every way.

You stated the case well and concisely in one
of your 1940 editorials, when you pointed out
that today the milk producer does not sell his
milk to the dealer but gives it to him and the
dealer returns what he likes. The milk business
is no longer a business — it is a racket.

Notice how they have compelled all milkmen
to install pasteurizers until it is impossible for
one to buy raw milk no matter how much they
prefer ft. I spent quite a bit of time in the city
this past Winter and tried in vain to buy raw
milk. Had I owned a car I could have driven
out into the country for it, just as a suburban
friend of mine did while his cow was dry. They
have five children who average a quart of raw
milk a day for each child and they are all strong,
healthy and active, beautiful children of whom
any parents might be proud.

Another thing that tries my patience is the
food that is furnished to families on relief. I see
their children come home with their arms loaded
down with white bread, white flour, macaroni
and candy. If the Government is going to furnish
food to these people, why not make it a rule
that the food that is furnished should at least
be vitalizing and health giving? Raw milk
would help. c. T.

New York

A PRESSING FARM PROBLEM

It is not difficult to read the handwriting on
the wall for the farmers of America. They have
a real job ahead.

Of the many serious issues facing them, the
problem of farm labor stands second to none. It
is not a new problem but one even more
threatened now by the conscription of farm
youth for National Defense, both in military
service and in defense industries. At this time
of a world crisis, conscription service is an emer¬
gency measure in which agriculture plays no
small part. In fact, the whole set-up is more
or less fundamentally dependent upon agriculture
for its success. To take away from the one is
to take away or weaken the other. This being
true, we must council with the law makers and
draft boards to bring about a better understand¬
ing of a serious issue. The farm bureau and the
farm press have done much toward solving many
problems. They can and they will help again.
I hope to do my bit as the occasion demands.

New York A. A. Gillette

Brevities

Pennsylvania had last year 893,000 milk cows.
Average production was 5,350 pounds.

“Thy kingdom is an everlasting kingdom,
and thy dominion endureth throughout all
generations.” Psa. 145: 13.

One of the displays at the vegetable meeting.
New Brunswick, N. J. will be a new method of
placing fertilizer deep instead of on the surface.

The 75th annual convention of the National
Grange at Worcester, Mass., November 12-21, is
expected to bring 25,000 Grange people there
from 40 states.

Ohio State University is sponsoring farm
homemakers’ chorus groups in 25 counties of the
State. These will appear at county fairs, the
State fair and farmers’ week.

Insect damage to vegetable crops can be pre¬
vented by getting after them early, as soon as
any are seen. Most of them work quickly, so
that a single day’s delay is serious.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

397

The Milk Amendments

ON June 14, Secretary Wickard and Com¬
missioner Noyes issued a new set of
amendments to the Federal-State Marketing
Orders for approval or rejection by dairymen
throughout the milk-shed. The referendum
was held last week with all voting scheduled
to be completed by Saturday, June 21, so that
if the amendments are approved, they can
go into effect on July 1. Briefly, the proposed
amendments set a flat price on fluid milk:
$2.65 a cwt. for July and $2.88 a cwt. from
August to March 1942.

The ten classifications are reduced to seven.
The new classes are: Class 3, mainly evapo¬
rated milk; Class 2-C, mainly for ice cream
outside New York City; Class 2-B, cream
mainly used for ice cream in New York City
and also for storage cream; Class 2-A is fluid
cream; Class 4-A butter; Class 4-B cheese.
Instead of the former allowance of three
cents per pound deduction for making cheese,
after the price of cheese is determined, three-
quarters of a cent per pound is deducted,
which in effect adds two and one-quarter cents
(2y4c), or seven and eight-hundredths cents
(7.08c) per cwt. of milk.

It has been estimated by Administrator
Cladakis that these new proposals will, if
adopted, raise the uniform price during
August, September and October on an aver¬
age of 30 to 32 cents a cwt. over last year’s
prices. This would mean a blended price for
those months of between $2.15 and $2.25 a
cwt. He further estimates that if the amend¬
ments had been in effect for May, the price
would have been $2.04 instead of $1.83, an
addition of close to $1,500,000 to farmers’
milk checks.

As in the case of the March 1 amendments
which appear to be a step in the right di¬
rection by eliminating some of the more
vicious Big-3 rackets, so too these amend¬
ments should take dairymen further in the
right direction. The March 1 amendments
have performed specifically according to
promise with the farmer receiving an aver¬
age of 11 cents a cwt. more per month for
March, April and May 1941 than he did in
the corresponding months a year ago. The
$1.83 price for May milk was 25 cents over
the May, 1940 price. Diversion and coopera¬
tive payments, which have never amounted
to anything more than special bonuses and
bribes to the Big-3, have been reduced
$445,000 over the same three months period.

The voting has not been completed as we
go to press at this writing, however, producers
view the whole set of proposals with mixed
feelings. While they approve the administra¬
tion of the Federal Order under Mr. Cladakis
and feel that he has been trying to do as
good a job as he can under the circumstances,
the majority of milk producers are still dead
set against the Federal Order with all its
classifications and complications. They want
a simple system which can be quickly ad¬
justed as action demands. A program that
could insure a flat price for fluid milk based
on cost of production plus a profit, and a flat
price for manufactured milk based on market
requirements, affords the only practical
solution to this problem. And right now the
situation is acute. Hay is 50 per cent short
in most counties and in a few northern sec¬
tions the yield will be even less. The price
of feed is due to go up $5 a ton in a few days.
Farm labor is impossible to procure at any
price. As a result, many farmers do not be¬
lieve that they can continue to make milk
at less than $3 a cwt. and they know that
these new amendments cannot produce that
price. There is plenty of sentiment right now,
therefore, to approve the amendments so as
to insure a minimum price of $2.65 for July
~<nd $2.88 for the following months, and at
the same time negotiate with the dealers for
satisfactory premiums to bring their price up
to $3. If enough dairymen throughout the
State support such a plan, no matter to what
organization they belong, success of the plan
will be assured.

Has There Been a Surplus?

FOR some years now we have been pay¬
ing the farmer for not producing food
stuffs in order to raise the prices to “parity,”
whatever that means. The charge is that the
farmer continued to produce on the war-time
basis until he piled up a surplus that broke
the market, hence he should reduce until con¬
sumption could overtake the supply and the
price level be restored to normal. It sounds
logical but what are the facts?

First of all the farmer did not continue on
the war basis but on the contrary reduced
the acreage of wheat, for example, from 73
millions to 62 millions the first year after
the close of the war. Not only that but, con¬
sidering the increase of population, we are
short of all kinds of food stuffs for, on the
per capita basis, we never produced so little
food as now, either grains or livestock. A
series of bad years would mean actual
shortage.

It is not a real excess that broke the mar¬
ket but widespread unemployment and the
inability of thousands to buy the usual ration.
Raising the price to the consumer under those
conditions only makes a bad matter worse
and is a short-sighted business policy.

When an automobile manufacturer wishes
to expand his business he does not make his
cars more costly. On the contrary he makes
a better car and at less money and so widens
his market. He does not stop there but he
advertises his goods and induces as many as
possible to deny themselves other comforts,
even necessities, in order to own one of
his cars. Agriculture could well take this cue
from big business. There can be no surplus
while 40,000,000 of our people are short of
enough food to maintain their health. Our
social problem is not to make perpetual de¬
pendents of them or to let them starve. We
must do justice to them by encouraging them
to self support.

The Spirit of the Farm

A LL the neighbors for miles around knew
that he was slowly slipping away, and
they sent words of encouragement and cheer
in the friendly style of the open country.
When he passed on, there was strength rising
from every side of the land to help those
who remained behind.

The neighbor women quickly came in at
the kitchen door and took over the cleaning
and dishwashing, and breathed sympathy and
courage. A lad in overalls trudged a half
mile down the gravel road to bring warm
biscuits in a covered pan. Hot home-made
chicken noodles and creamy mashed potatoes
arrived from the other side of the farm, and
a simple salad and a country mince pie ap¬
peared from across the road and down a ways.

When the heavy traffic broke through the
drives and threatened to create an impossible
situation, a load of gravel came unasked for
from the neighbor a mile down the State road,
and some heavy planking tied with crosspieces
arrived to be dropped here and there to bridge
any places where the bottom threatened to
go out. The road to the nearby country ceme¬
tery was graded by men who understood, and
everywhere there were warm sympathy and
understanding and quiet, willing hands to ease
the sorrow and help bear the load.

Oh, the money return may be small, and
the excitement of city life may be wanting,
but there is a heap of solid living on the land!

Profits in Western Fruit

E* VERY so often somebody asks “How
can Western fruit men stay in business,
considering the low prices which they receive
for fruit?” Some interesting figures in Better
Fruit show how.

When yields of apples are 350 boxes per
acre and the selling price is $1 a box, there
is a loss of $20.50, but when the yield is 700
boxes, the profit is $172. At 900 boxes the
profit is $282. An average crop in Wenatchee
on full-bearing, healthy trees is given in the
neighborhood of 700 boxes per acre. If, now,
the price is increased from $1 a box to $1.25
the profit per acre on a 900-box crop is $507.
Or, showing the results in a different way,
the cost per box for a 350-box crop is $1.06,
for a 400-box crop it is 99 cents, for a 500-

box crop it is 88 cents, for a 600-box crop
it is 80 cents, for a 700-box crop it is 75 cents,
for a 800 -box crop it is 72 cents, and for a
900-box crop it is 69 cents.

Profits on sweet cherries are reckoned at
“zero” when cherries are sold at 6 cents a
pound and when the yield per acre is 1%
tons, but they reach $542.50 when the yield
is 7 tons. Even at 5 cents a pound the profit
is $402.50 on a 7-ton crop, whereas there is
a loss of $35 on a l3/4-ton crop.

Peaches and apricots show similar relations,
with a profit of $2.80 per acre on a 10.8-ton
crop sold at $20 a ton, and a profit of $432
on a 21.6-ton crop at the same price per ton.
When the price goes to $60 a ton the profit
from the 21.6-ton crop may reach $1,396.

(tSeven Decades of Milk”

I, ^ceived your good book “Seven Decades of
Milk. I congratulate you as America’s first and
foremost author and publisher. This book con¬
tains the hidden truths, facts and figures behind
the milk monopoly for so many years. You de¬
serve the greatest credit for putting it on record
and front page headlines and blazing editorials
should be in every paper in the country. This
book should find a welcome in every home as
your great knowledge and its fund of information
are an education for all in this free land of
liberty, and I hope every farmer will read it.
They will learn that two and two make four
and once again maintain their own independence
and prosper through a constitutional cost of pro-
auction program and they will gain their victory.
Thank you once again for your good cooperation
of the past and this legacy for the future

New York J.A.,jR.

(i0 , uj. uiui j . union s

s®vfnADecades of Milk.” I follow with much
satisfaction your fight for the milk producers I
am closely associated with the United Farmers
of America here in Pennsylvania and can cer¬
tainly appreciate what your efforts mean for the
producers even though at times they may seem
futile. A. W. Freeman

Latrobe, Pa.

Enclosed you will find a money order for $3
for another copy of “Seven Decades of Milk ”
I want it so I can lend it out.

Long Island Mabel F. Carle

HP HIS producer believes that this book
!> would solve the milk problem, if its con¬
tents become known to a large number of
milk producers. She is doing her part and
spreading the gospel. It suggests the idea
that three or more producers might join for
a cop> and read it in turn. We are mailing
autographed copies from this office.

The Milk Indictments

A* iongJas* someone has the courage to join
with The Rural New-Yorker in battling the big
boys. I refer to the indictments in the news
against Bordens and Sheffields. But as you say
m youi last issue, how about the Dairymen’s
League also? The Dairymen’s League is as guilty
and equally liable. & y

Now is the big chance for the farmers and
consumers to battle it out in the open instead
of being the scapegoats. Let us find out what
the connections are between the lawmakers
sponsoring such legislation in behalf of the Big-3

Who is behind the lawmakers? Why is the
Board of Health constantly showing partiality
among the^ big companies? Why does Governor
Lehman sign bills favoring the big interests'^
Why does the Court of Appeals concur with
Chief Justice Irving Lehman’s vote? Why do
the five appointees of the United States Supreme
Court appointed by President Roosevelt circum¬
vent decisions by alienating the rights of
farmers?

How about a good long drawn out fight to
preserve our rights on their own ground? We
should have plenty of farmer groups, consumers
and other interested individuals testify and
present at the hearings and trials.

How can we be free if our officials and ap¬
pointees keep hindering and hampering honest
American citizens striving to exist and eke out
a decent livelihood? But instead we’re told to
go on relief, before they were forced to recognize
our status and grant licenses to sub-dealers in
the milk industry.

These officials shout “crime does not pay,” yet
they foster crime by refusing to leave people
work for a living. r s

New York S>

Milk Prices for May

The net cash basic prices paid for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 201-210 mile zone by dealers report¬
ing for the month of May are as follows:

T3 t tt •+ t Per 100 Lbs- Per Qt-

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . $2.12 $0 045

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 1.85 0393

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 1.83 0404

Sheffield Farms . i 82 0387

Dairymen’s League . !! L715 j)365

These are basic prices. Fat, freight bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

398

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

At present rates of milk pro¬
duction, plus a probable increase of
not less than two per cent for milk
cows during 1941 in the United States,
it is calculated that we will produce
approximately 850 pounds of
milk per person for our popu¬
lation. Land conservation programs
with a return to pastures and
legumes, these being largely grazed
by cows which give some milk means
national total volume production is
increasing with all indications point¬
ing to its remaining so for some
time to come.

Artificial price fixing for fluid
milk will necessarily be maintained
with increasing difficulty. Consumer
resistance to such a schedule will
probably become greater. At present,
consumers are driving out in increas¬
ing numbers daily to purchase milk
at farms, for no form of artificial
food control has ever been success¬
fully devised which will prevent the
producer and consumer getting to¬
gether if dictators, politicians,
middlemen, and distributors attempt
to set prices which are out of line
with the law of supply and demand.

Low supplies of storage stocks,
world shortage of food supplies and
feed are all factors which must £>e
carefully considered in their rela¬
tion to possible future dairy opera¬
tions. An actual Federal Dictator¬
ship in America, occasioned by our
entry in World War II, would prob¬
ably be more satisfactory financially
to dairymen than the unsound
economic milk regulation programs
now being attempted for the dairy
industry in many areas. Due to
subsidized planned land area pro¬
grams it is imperative that dairymen
at all times reduce production costs
to a minimum in order to success¬
fully compete with the low-cost
production of southern and central-
western milk because the butterfat
in this milk establishes the price for
that produced in higher-cost areas.
A study of various feeding pro¬
grams and their possibilities in¬
terpreted in terms of cost per 100
pounds of milk produced should
therefor be of interest and value.

Barn Production Costs

If a cow weighing 1,000 pounds
produces a total of 6,100 pounds
milk in 305 days, containing 244
pounds of butterfat, her average
daily production will be 20 pounds
of 4 per cent milk. Her average daily
barn feed requirements will, be two
pounds of good quality hay or its
equivalent per each 100 pounds live-
weight, or a total of 20 pounds of
hay. Her grain requirement will be
five pounds daily, using about a 16
to 20 per cent or higher protein con¬
centrate mixture according to the
kind and quality of roughage being
fed.

With good quality alfalfa hay at
$20, and concentrates at $40 per
ton the total daily barn-feed produc¬
tion cost of this 20 pounds of 4 per
cent milk would be 30 cents or $1.50
per hundred. Numerous economic
surveys at various experiment sta¬
tions have shown that the total cost
of producing 100 pounds of fluid
milk averages approximately twice
the feed cost plus not less than 10
per cent. Applying this rule of thumb
formula the total cost of producing
100 pounds of 4 per cent milk would
then be $3.30, based on the feed
prices quoted.

Various compensating and in¬
fluencing factors enter into the prac¬
tical application of any production
cost problem. Among these should
be mentioned the roughage factor.
If all the roughage is home-grown,
as it should be, and if it is charged
against the cost of milk production
at top market price, based on its
quality, it has then made a return
on the total farm operation which
is net above its production cost.
The same also applies to all home¬
grown grain which is fed for any
form of livestock production whether
it be meat, milk, wool, pork, veal,
lamb or mutton. Where the labor is
largely performed by the owner it
requires less actual cash return to
keep the operation functioning. How¬
ever a low return above feed cost
can only mean less money for
needed labor and for other item's
such as depreciation, interest, taxes,
etc. Figured on this basis the return

Comparative Milk Production Feed Costs

By R. W. Duck

per hour of required labor for milk
production has in many instances
receded to, or actually attained, the
vanishing point.

Pasture Production Costs

If this same cow is placed on good
pasture it will require an average
of about two pounds grain daily,
plus the pasture, to meet her milk,
butterfat and body maintenance
needs. To be classed as good it
would require a pasture which has
been improved to the extent that
not more than one acre will be
needed adequately to carry a cow

40 cents per hundred pounds of milk.
Applied to a herd of 20 cows, aver¬
aging the production mentioned, this
increased cost would amount to
$246.40, for 154 days grazing.

Supplementing Pastures

On good pastures alone a cow can
meet her body requirements and pro¬
duce up to 17 pounds of 4 per cent
milk daily at a feed cost of about
82 cents per hundred, based on
quoted prices. This represents the
approximate maximum production
for this test milk on good pasture,
without the use of grain supple¬

Lynn Hawkins , Silver Forest Farm , Silver Creek, Chautauqua County,
New York, holding Nodrog Merry Edna 461819, purchased by him at the
eleventh Cayuga County Guernsey sale for $1,000, top of the sale. Con¬
signed by White Hall Farm, Brockport, N. Y., Fred H. Gordon, owner ;

George H. Rudman, manager.

such as we are discussing for a graz¬
ing season of five or more months.
Such a pasture as applied to the cow
in question would then have a com¬
parative barn replacement value of
20 pounds hay and three pounds
concentrates daily. If figured for a
period of 154 days its total monetary
replacement value would amount to
$40.04.

When pasture equals or exceeds
one-third of the total required nu¬
trients for milk production, experi¬
ments show its cost to be approxi¬
mately one-seventh that of the
annual feed bill. On this basis it
would cost a seasonal average of
approximately $1.02 per each
hundred pounds of four per cent milk
produced on good pasture for a cow
weighing 1,000 pounds, and produc¬
ing 20 pounds milk at feed prices

ments, if body and milk require¬
ments are to be continuously and
adequately supplied. As previously
mentioned if a cow produces 20
pounds of 4 per cent milk on good
pasture she will require a suitable
daily additional supplemental grain
feed of two pounds. This represents
an increase in feed cost of 4 cents
for the additional 3 pounds of milk
so produced, or an increase in feed-
production cost of $1.33 per hundred
for this additional milk. This trans¬
ition point from maximum grass to
minimum grain production may be
an extreme cost of production ex¬
ample; however, it clearly illustrates
the present comparative fundamental
economic milk production feed-cost
condition.

On grass and roughage alone,
volume production will inevitably be

These cows are part of the dairy herd at Purdue University, Lafayette,
Indiana. Recent experimental results at the Indiana Station show that
average milk production can be maintained by liberal feeding of good
quality legume hay, supplemented by a grain mixture of corn and oats.

quoted, provided she was adequately
and properly fed as mentioned.
Compared to barn feeding this repre¬
sents a feed cost saving of 48 cents
per cwt. milk. All calculations are
based on the further assumption
that the animals involved have con¬
stant access to salt in order to meet
their needs for this most important
mineral.

If the pasture being used is only
fair in quality it will require about
six pounds of grain or an increase of
approximately 200 per cent concen¬
trates to maintain body condition
and the same volume and per cent
of milk flow. With concentrates
figured at $40 per ton this represents
an increased production-feed cost of

greatly curtailed with high produc¬
ing cows. If such a feeding program
is long continued their resultant de¬
cline in stamina, body weight, con¬
dition and production may never be
entirely regained, even at the greatly
increased expense of continuous
adequate and proper feeding. How¬
ever, we cannot ignore the signifi¬
cance of low cost milk production
possibilities of an all-roughage-grass
program, as is now being followed
on considerable areas of existing soil
conservation programs. The butter¬
fat content of such milk is today
largely establishing the blend price
of milk produced for fluid markets
under rigid health rule inspections,
comparative high priced land and

taxes, and more expensive living and
labor conditions.

.Based on the production-cost
figures mentioned alone, it might at
first seem financially advisable to
reduce or entirely eliminate grain
on pasture and feed only roughage
during the Winter, such as a com¬
bination of good quality hay, pre¬
ferably a legume, and corn silage.
However, if we examine all the fac¬
tors and carry our feed cost study
further it will be found that a cow
producing 40 pounds of 4 per cent
milk on good pasture will require
only 10.6 pounds of suitable concen¬
trates daily to meet her require¬
ments. With concentrates at $40 per
ton the additional feed cost to pro¬
duce 100 pounds of this milk would
only be 53 cents. Good pasture alone
will approximate a feed-production
cost of 82 cents per cwt. for 4 per
cent milk, with a limiting production
factor of 17 pounds. The higher that
production is per cow, for both total
volume of milk and butterfat, the
lower will be the feed production
cost, the compensating factor being
that it requires approximately one-
half the total digestible nutrients
consumed for body maintenance
alone, assuming that the cow is
properly and adequately fed. The
higher the production in ratio to the
remaining 50 per cent total diges¬
tible nutrients the lower will be the
feed-production cost Cow testing
work has many times demonstrated
that it pays to feed the good cows
well and eliminate the poor pro¬
ducers.

Feeding Roughage Alone

Tests at the Illinois Experiment
Station conducted by Fraser show
that when 11 head of Grade Holstein
cows were fed only the alfalfa hay
and corn crop, mostly fed as silage,
produced on 20 acres, they had an
average annual yield per head of
7,470 pounds of milk containing 262
pounds of butterfat. Their six year
average production per acre was
3,888 pounds of milk containing 136
pounds of butterfat. They were not
tested to ascertain what their maxi¬
mum production might have been if
fed suitable concentrates to meet
their optimum requirements. How¬
ever, the results obtained do show
the possible returns per acre on an
all-home-grown ration, interpreted
in terms of 3.5 per cent milk. If
this milk so produced had sold for
$2 per hundred at the farm it would
have rendered a gross return of
$77.76 per acre.

Investigations by Dickson and
Kopland at the Montana Station
show the value and advisability for
optimum utilization of suitable con¬
centrates. In their tests high produc¬
ing Holstein cows were grazed on
excellent alfalfa pasture during the
Summer and then Wintered largely
on alfalfa hay and corn silage. They
received only 65 pounds of dried
beet pulp and very small amounts
of sugar beets in addition to the
roughage mentioned. Their average
annual production under this method
of feeding was 13,295 pounds of
milk containing 464 pounds of.
butterfat.

Using the same cows during other
lactations they were fed one pound
of suitable concentrates per each six
pounds of milk produced. Under this
system they produced 3,112 more
pounds of milk and 112 more pounds
of butterfat. Their average annual
return above feed cost was increased
$25.03 when fed grain as mentioned
in addition to required roughage, as
compared to an all roughage ration.
Other tests with the same cows were
conducted in which concentrates
were fed in the ratio of 1 pound grain
to each 3 pounds of milk produced.
This increased use of grain increased
total average production only slight¬
ly, about 6 per cent, and lowered
return over feed cost. It must be
remembered that these cows were
continuously kept on excellent pas¬
ture during the grazing season, and
best quality hay and silage during
the Winter. These various feeding
methods discussed clearly show the
importance and significance of maxi¬
mum utilization of best quality
roughage and pasture for greatest
efficiency and economy of milk pro¬
duction, plus specific optimum use
of suitable concentrates.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

399

Live Stock and Dairy

Horse with Bots

What can I do for a horse that
is bothered with bots? Sometimes
have spells often and will then go
for a while without any. She throws
her head up and keeps rolling the
upper lip. R. l.

New York

It is best to have drug adminis¬
tration for the treatment and re¬
moval of internal parasites done by
a veterinarian. Feed the horse a
bran mash and reduce the feed for
24 hours before treatment. Do not
give any feed the evening preceding
treatment. If a pint of linseed oil
or one ounce of Barbadoes aloes is
administered it will help the action
of the anthelmintic to be given the
next morning. The drug recognized
as most satisfactory is carbon bi-
sulphid given in gelatin capsules.
The dose for a mature horse is three
drams administered-say at 7 A. M.
and repeated in similar amount at
8 A. M. and also the same dose one
hour later. This is a total dose of
nine drams given as suggested. Make
the grain feed about one-half wheat
bran for the next two days. R. w. d.

Bunch on Horse

About seven weeks ago my horse
developed a bunch on his knee. It
grew larger and the local veterin¬
arian applied a blister. It got larger
after the blister, but finally went
down quite a little. Two weeks
afterwards, we put on a second
blister. It got larger with the blister,
then grew smaller again. The horse
is still lame in the knee. Rubbing
with hot water seems to help him.
Can you suggest any other treat¬
ment? E. J. G.

New York

You do not state whether the
bunch is a hard or soft swelling
which would have considerable in¬
fluence on its treatment. If it is hard,
blistering and rest are about all
that can be done; it is doubtful if
a permanent cure can be effected.
Firing might help some. If used it
should be done by a competent
veterinarian. A soft swelling would
be best treated by linament and
rest. R. w. D.

$15,000 for Aberdeen-Angus
Bull

$15,000, a record price for more
than two decades, was paid recently
for a purebred Aberdeen-Angus bull
when Col. A. E. Peirce, owner of
Canterbury Farms, Warrenton, Va.,
purchased Eileenmere 260th from
J. Garrett Tolan, Pleasant Plains, Ill.
This is the highest price that has
been paid for a herd bull of any
beef breed for nearly 20 years. This
bull, the senior and grand champion
Aberdeen-Angus bull at the 1940
American Royal Livestock Show,
was calved May 12, 1938, and is a
son of the 1935 International grand
champion, Eileenmore 85th, the
present noted Tolan herd sire. His
dam was Barbara 2nd of Strathmore,
whose sire was Eileenmere 15th, the
1929 International grand champion.

Congested Udder

I have a young Holstein cow,
second calving and fed her plenty
of ground grain before calving. Now
her udder is hard and has fever in
it. Should a cow be milked before
calving, and should she be rubbed
with ointment? What should I do
now? She runs out with her calf
on pasture and freshened May 1.
Is this liable to affect her in the
future? p. b.

Delaware

Considerable congestion is rather
common with high producing heifers,
especially if they have been well
fed. It is nothing to be unduly
alarmed by; frequent milking will
afford some relief. The congestion
will probably leave normally in a
comparatively short time. It is also
possible there may be some infection
in the udder; it would be necessary
to have a veterinarian examine it
to ascertain the exact condition. Re¬
duce the grain feed and do not feed
over a 12 per cent concentrate
mixture. R. w. d.

Ayrshire Breeders Meet

At the 66th annual meeting of the
Ayrshire Breeders’ Association held
recently at Syracuse, N. Y., J. W.
Alsop, owner of Wood Ford Farm,
Avon, Conn, was unanimously re¬
elected president for the second term.
Other officers elected were first vice-
president, G. Fred Williams, Hutchin¬
son, Kansas; and vice-presidents,
E. W. Van Tassell, Wenatchee, Wash.,
Earl H. Voeller, Grove City, Ohio
and Cornell Green, Greensboro, N. C.

Directors elected for a three-year
term were Hugh J. Chisholm,
Strathglass Farm, Port Chester,
N. Y.; Arthur H. Sagendorph, Alta
Crest Farms, Spencer, Mass.; Lyle
Arnold, Canandaigua, N. Y.; Charles
K. Etherington, New Milford, Conn.;
James E. Davidson, Balmoral Farm,
Ithaca, Mich.; Dr. A. J. Tarr, Water¬
loo, N. Y.; James S. Dennis, Fillmore
Farms, Bennington, Vt.; and Harry
Richardson, Spring Green, Wis. In
addition, Murray Copenhaver of
Nampa, Idaho was elected to fill the
unexpired term of G. Fred Williams
who became first vice-president,
while Herbert Dodge, Frankfort,
N. Y. was elected to fill the unex¬
pired term of the late A. H. Tryon.

On the day following the meeting,
the Royal Ayrshire Sale, held under
the management of Paul B. Misner
in cooperation with the New York
Federation of Ayrshire Clubs, had a
top of $550 for the bred heifer
Shirley-Ayr Stately Gay Maiden,
purchased by S. S. Seltzer, Castle-
brae Farm, Roxbury, Conn. This
heifer was a winner as a calf last
season at the National Dairy Show
and the Dairy Cattle Congress.

Of the 58 sold, a group of 25 bred
heifers averaged $217.20. The top
selling bull in the auction was
Strathglass Douglas Craigboy that
at $300 went to J. D. Hunt and Son,
Owego, N. Y. This youngster is the
last son of the Approved Sire,
Lyonston Douglas, and was con¬
signed by Strathglass Farm, Port
Chester, N. Y.

Milk Production in Penna.

By weeding out low producers,
better breeding programs and adop¬
tion of more efficient dairying prac¬
tices in general, Lancaster County
farmers have succeeded in increasing
average production per cow by
3,775 pounds of milk a year and have
stepped up butterfat production by
83 pounds. The 18th annual report
of the Garden Spot Cow Testing
Association for the year ending April
30, shows gains as the Association
continued its testing.

During the first year (1923-24)
of operation by the Association,
average yield of the cows was 7,063
pounds of milk and 281 pounds of
butterfat. For the current period
(1940-41), average production was
10,838 pounds of milk and 364 pounds
of butterfat per cow for the year.
Average production ' had a market
value of $212.42 and the total cost
of feed was $98.52, leaving a gross
profit of $113.90 above feed and cost
per animal. The total cost of the
feeding a cow for the year was $2.16
and it costs 91 cents to produce 100
pounds of milk and 27 cents to pro¬
duce a pound of butterfat, accord¬
ing to the report.

A registered Holstein owned by
Naaman Stoltzfus, of Morgantown,
made an outstanding record, yielding
17,735 pounds of milk and 582.8
pounds of butterfat. She has been
on test in the Association for eight
years and during that ime she has
produced 3,993.7 pounds of butter¬
fat and 119,687 pounds of milk.

Pennsylvania f. y. o.

Price for Pastures

We have bought a farm in Massa¬
chusetts that is renowned for its hay.
A local farmer has asked us to allow
him to put his 20 cows into the
pasture of about 20 acres. What
would be a fair price to ask him for
four months. The cows will graze
there all the time, consequently there
will not be any hay to cut. Do they
charge by the head or group? j. c.

A charge of from two to three
dollars per head per month would
seem about right according to the
conditions stated. r. w. d.

.% GUERNSEYS

1 WHAT FARMER

1 will pay $100. for a splendid registered Guernsey
bull calf? Langwater sire and dam has Advanced
Register record of 670 pounds butter fat.

No Tuberculosis - No Abortion

GEORGE N. BARRIE

Chestnut Hill - Massachusetts

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative, Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE: REG. GUERNSEYS

females, ages from 1 year to 6 years old. Also a
few Reg. Bull calves for sale from 600 lb. Dams.
Herd fully accr. and Blood Tested. Prices Reasonable.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, Delhi, New York

• FOR SALE - GUERNSEYS •

We have many fine bull calves that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS, AUGUSTA, SUSSEX CO., NEW JERSEY

SHORTHORNS

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

With World’s Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world’s records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce i% milk economical¬
ly, have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months 50c; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORTHORN SOCIETY, Dept. F-2, CHICAGO, ILL.

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
with stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.

96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

HOLSTEINS

BOOST THAT BUTTER FAT TEST

with a son of

Montvic Pathfinder !

Leading Holstein sire of Type Test and Production. 1

F. C. WHITNEY, ILION, N. Y.

For Sale Holstein Herd 1

17 cows and bull. Sir Boss 2nd. T. B. and Bang
tested. Cows, granddaughters of King of the Ormsbys.

CHARLES W. NYE, LAKE COMO, PA.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS |

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen-Angu* beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen - Angus Breeders' Association, Col¬
lege Park, Md. , or Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Breeder*"
Association. Ithaca, Hew York.

HEREFORDS i

FOR EASY FEEDING HEREFORDS j

See these cows, heifers, and bulls we have for sale. '
They are all ages. Must be seen for appreciation. 1

HOLCOMB HEREFORD FARMS, Holcomb, New York -
John E. Redman Owner; Robert J. Genevaux, Mgr.

DOGS | ,

■ "kUREBREP COCKE 1* PUPS AND DOGS. I
JL. Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably 1
priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK |

■ a ire Q Sable; excellent breeding; all

VVLLII.O ages, SIS.OOup. COL'LOVER ,
KENNELS, 1 600 East Erls Blvd., Syracuse, New York |

ST RFRNARrK breeds, details free!! Book: *

Of. DLIVllrtuLlJ 104 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

COCKER SPANIELS; Reg. and unreg. puppies for
sale. All colors, $5.00 up. Satisfaction guaranteed. ,

K. ROBINSON, - ST. ALBANS, VERMONT j

Farm Raised SHEPHERDS [

PEDIGREED POLICE PUPS and registered wire *
pups, $5 up. A. ZAHEL, Yorktown Hts., N. Y. j

Great Dane Pops !

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups B*u&TTc“i£rFa"" !

PUREBRED DALMATIAN PUPS, six weeks, $15.
GEORGE HINKLEY, JR., HARDING. MASS. -

Rp« Rpaaloc a11 aEes any color. Woodland I

IVCg. LOUIES DCaglcS Farms, Hastings, New York

rnr I IEQ Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

LULLILOtweeDON KENNELS. Phoenix, New York

Tnllla Punnlac Excellent type and breeding. Reason-

LOUlc nippies ahie. Lyle Gifford, Oneonta, New York

r.||‘ „ beauties, herding instinct, reasonably priced.

LOUieS h. P. KENNEDY, R.D. 2, VALENCIA, PA.

Pedigreed grown male Boston Terrier, sired by Ch.

ISUNNYSIDE KENNELS, CARMEL, NEW YORK

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

mi I TPC Sable beauties, pedigreed. $8.00 and up.

LULLlCj HILLCREST FARM, ALTMAR, N. Y.

IRISH TERRIER PUPPIES — Quality breeding. Sire
champion Blackthome. Gates, Richard St., Elmira, N. Y.

Pedigreed Springer Spaniels; puppies; grown dogs.

1 Mrs. Frank Meier, Noxon Road, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

SHEEP '

HAMPSHIRF RAMS Beautiful pure bred regis-

nniuroninc iyaiho tered ram iarabs, well grown
$15.00; two yearling rams. First Prize and Gmnd
Champions at Danbury Fair $75.00 each. Write —

FRANK SILVERNA1L, Supt., Hyde Park, New York

R. E. FOSTER, ROBERTS, IDAHO

can furnish farmers with breeding ewes direct from the range
either black or white faces. For particulars write him.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to •

satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK *

SWINE

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

ty, rugged stock of exceptional quality.

Woburn, Massachusetts

anil Qlinatc that eat. Rye and grow. Mostly P.
aliu Ljuualb chinas and Berks, some Durocs,

F. O. B. ex-

CHESWOLD, DEL.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

FARMS,

BETHESDA, MARYLAND

6-8

LEXINGTON. MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. I); F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

well grown, breeding stock.

1 ing stock. Not registered.

RFC MIRfifS Eall Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
IiEiU. UUnULO Pattington, Scipio Center, New York

Registered Hampshire hogs, weanling pigs. Also ser-
ice boars. BISHOP BROS., East Amherest, N. Y.

Burton Bowen, Holly, New York

HORSES and PONIES

Percheron Stallions

Your choice, several two year olds, all dark
iron grey.

PURE BRED REGISTERED

Ready for light service. All sired by that
famous Canadian Collard Tanin (14794) 212585.
Priced reasonably for quick sale or would ex¬
change for other livestock.

BOB-O-LINK FARMS, WOLCOTT, N. Y.
Walter W. Fisk Mgr. George Chappie, Supt.

BELGIAN HORSES

N. Y.

IIAN STALLION ®

; 2000 lbs. Bred in Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

MINKS

i unt

Putnam Valley, Peekskilt, New York

. T / . „ °r enterprising

Write for free book. Visitors welcome.

GOATS

A. BURKHARDT,

IAN grade Saanen milkei
I . U stocked. Reasonabl

LIVINGSTON, NEW YOR

Mine COATS Toggenberg and Saanens, sold on ap

ill 1 L IV UUrtID Droval> Pony Fann Hinirod, N. Y

granddaughter Worlds Record 10 quart Saanen fresh
■ ening July. Hinelander Goat Dairy. Allendale. N. J

u°nnUoliTShene£ in, ^arch- April $150 the lot.

HOUPERT, CLINTON, CONNECTICUT

INTERNATIONAL
Poultry Guide

for

FLOCK SELECTION

Profi.L.F .Payne JJ.M.Scott

(HERE IS the book every
\ person raising poultry for
profit has been wanting.
An official guide on pro¬
duction bred poultry. It
takes the guess work out of
.... ... culling and flock selection — sets

i definite guide for you to follow — one that leads to
"»tter flocks and better profits. Let this book tell you—

• HOW TO GET: Better hatching eggs — Better
baby chicks — Less losses on producing hen?

— Earlier feathering strains.

• HOW TO PREVENT: Small eggs-
Crooked breasts — Bare backed
broilers, etc., etc.

• DESCRIBES: All important
breeds — How to select pro¬
duction flocks — How an egg is
formed, etc., etc.

RURAL NEW-YORKER

TOnly

5 1 5.0

400

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28, 1941

Our Part

When a boy, or man, goes counter
to “law and order” too often the
initial failure may be found in his
early home life, even in his early
food habits, so, before the women
of this country ask what may our
part be in national defense, it might
be well for each to analyze her own
attitude on the home defense front.
Is the family getting the right
kind of food, properly prepared to
make strong healthy bodies and
clear thinking minds?

Also this crisis means uncertainties
and dislocations in many homes and
the women in those homes, by their
very position, are the ones to whom
the family should be able to look
for understanding adjustment to
new conditions.

The home is and always will be
the first line of defense and the
home woman’s part certainly is most
important in seeing that there are
no avoidable breaks in that defense
line. Not a very spectacular part,
perhaps, but very vital. c. b. w.

We still have a few sets of jelly
recipes left which may be had free
if you will enclose a stamped
envelope with your request, c. b. w.

Junior Flower Show

The Junior Garden Club Council,
composed of 1,250 clubs with more
than 26,000 members within a 50
mile radius of New York City,-
staged a very creditable flower show
recently in one of the large New
York department stores. There
were some 1,000 exhibits and for
the most part it followed the lines
of the more pretentious shows. In¬
stead of model gardens laid out on
the floor, there were gardens done
in cigar boxes with pictures drawn
on the inside of the lids, and dish
gardens. There were some charm¬
ing old-fashioned nosegays and
flower arrangements, as well as flats
or pan cuttings, plants grown in
chemical solution, miniature window
boxes and right and wrong ways of
free planting. There were also bird
houses and garden accessories, just
as in the big shows, and instead of
the familiar flower prints there were
original nature study drawings. One
display never seen, I’m sure, in our
adult shows was the millinery table
with hats decorated with flowers,
plants and vegetables, one being a
black straw turban covered with
rosettes of radishes.

My kitchen will be a cosy place
With color everywhere;

I want it big enough to hold
My favorite rocking chair.

For sometime now, (late May),
the clouds of dust have risen behind
the faithful teams as the plow shares
rip through the sod, a condition
rather unusual with us. Dust often
rises as they plow the old ground
but even the green sods are dusty
this year.

We keep “our fingers crossed” and
give thanks each morning and even¬
ing that we are spared forest fires
thus far, although the horizon has
been smoky many times and the
acrid smell of burning leaves was in
the air. So far most of the small
fires about us seem to have started
by the carelessness of picnickers.
This speaks well for the lumber men
who are constantly in the woods, as
there are many hundreds of acres,
cut over, with tree-tops dry as
tinder.

We seem to have more robins than
ever and from our kitchen window
I watched one young couple build
a home in the Twenty Ounce apple
tree — such talking, consulting and
planning. They built on top of a
sturdy crotched branch, a home that
any bird could be proud of. Then
one day there was quite a wind and
dismay in the hearts of the robins,
for being large it was safe only
when the branches were still and I
found the nest upside down with
broken eggs around it under the
tree. Now they are building again
in the Northern Spy just below.

This morning I noticed a robin
with the reddest breast I ever saw;
he was watching intently, and when
a robin flew from the Spice apple
branch over my head, I realized he
was the head of the family. This nest
was built where three branches

And on each spacious window shelf
Begonias will bloom;

And neighbor folk will some to chat
Within my friendly room.

Edith Shaw Butler

joined in such a way that the nest
was built in the cradle formed by
the third branch, the two outer
forming the sides of the nest and
it was built but little higher than
these side rails. It would take a
hurricane to dislodge it and it
brought to mind, do birds vary in
intelligence as much as human beings,
and recalled the age-old story of
two men, one built his house upon
the sand and the other built upon
a rock. Another trend of the times
is the far more than usual buying
of homes in the country or else buying
a bit of waste land, the more secluded
the better and then building accord¬
ing to the family and the pocket-
book. Two of the sons have worked
at a nursery not far away and re¬
ported the firm had had an especially
busy season, selling much in the line
of fruit trees and bushes as well as
shade trees. But as much of the stock
is field grown and dug to fill orders,
the season ended abruptly as the
leaves started so early.

They reported one of the best
sellers for foundation plantings as
shrubby cinquefoil. This was a new
one on me, but I can readily see that
it has many advantages and it sure¬
ly is hardy, its foliage is pleasing
and it blooms for a long period of
time.

Yesterday, there was an addition
to the garden, sweet or snowy elder,
Sambucus canadensis, one of our
most fragrant native shrubs. The
early or red bended elder is another
favorite and that came up of its own
free will near a wharfing, as well
as the choke cherry of which we will
have one.

MRS. j. x. w.

From the Little Brown House

SAFELY....

PROFITABLE

ADDRESS DEPT. B

City & County,

SainnaA Bank.

imm

<iOO STATE SI, ALBANY NYi —

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Willnot soil orinjure anything.
Lasts all season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, inc.,
150 De Kalb Ave.,B’klyn,N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

Slip Covers Cool Off
Summer’s Heat

You Just Pin on Goods and Sew.

The smart housewife’s answer to
Summer dust and heat — a cool,
flowery slip cover for each chair!

Send 10 cents in coin for your
copy of How to Make Slip Covers to
The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West
30th St., New York City.

Mrs. Tillou’s Prize Winning Recipes

Red Raspberry and Currant Jelly.
— (This won the New Jersey State
Championship). 4V2 cups juice, 7
cups sugar, y2 cup bottled pectin.
To prepare juice, crush thoroughly
about 2i/2 quarts fully ripe currants
and raspberries in equal amounts.
Add y2 cup water and bring just to
a boil. Place fruit in jelly cloth or
bag and strain out juice. Measure
sugar and juice into large saucepan,
mix, bring to a boil over hottest
fire and at once add pectin, stirring
constantly. Then bring to a full
rolling boil and boil x/2 minute. Re¬
move from fire, skim, pour quickly
and seal.

Green Gooseberry Jam. — Two
quarts of gooseberries, lVs quarts
of sugar, 1 pint currant juice. Wash
gooseberries, remove stems. Add
the juice and boil the mixture until
the skins are soft. Add the sugar
and cook until it gives the jelly test.
Paraffin and cover.

Mrs. F. B. Tillou , New Jersey, with
less than half of the ribbons she has
won for her jellies and jams.

Elderberry Jelly. — 3y2 cups juice,
y2 cup lemon juice, TVz cups sugar,

1 bottle pectin. Remove stems from
about 4 lbs. fully ripe elderberries,
place in kettle and crush. Heat
gently until juice starts to flow,
then simmer, covered, 15 minutes.
Place in jelly bag and strain. Mea¬
sure sugar and juice into large
saucepan, add lemon juice and mix.
Bring to a boil over hottest fire and
at once add pectin, stirring con¬
stantly. Then bring to a full rolling
boil and boil hard y2 minute. Re¬
move from fire, skim, pour quickly
and paraffin.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

It’s always pleasant to have a
friendly reader, who happens to be
visiting New York, take time to stop
in at the office for a little chat as
one does now and then, about Handi¬
crafters or other interests, c. b. w.

“I am 28 years old and would like
to hear from people who enjoy
writing letters; also who like to do
sewing, knitting and crocheting.”

New Jersey mrs. l. r. e.

“I would like to hear from young
girls and young wives from 19 to
29 years old. My hobbies are flowers,
sewing and cooking.” mrs. e. h.
New York

“I am interested in rock gardening,
amateur photography and crocheting
and would enjoy having pen
friends.” mrs. j. k. s.

New York

“I have taken photographing as
my hobby and would like to ex¬
change pictures.” mrs. r. p. h.
New York

“I would like to exchange old
buttons with anyone, or talk garden
with a view to exchanging plants.”
Massachusetts mrs. a. e. b.

VX.^._.V0

5 CHARMING
"Hostess
TEASPOONS
for rnt

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that Kerr Mason
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with 2 Kerr “Self-
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Mail coin and emblems to
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This offer is void in any State or political
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restricted by law.

v m p* 24 page New Recipe Edition of “ Modern Homemaker.” Also,
£ [j Sample Cap. Send to KERR MASON JAR CO., 445 Title Ins.
Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif., or Box 445, Sand Springs, Okla.

ORDER MASON JARS, CAPS and LIDS 7oc/cu//

Vht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

401

Castors in Style Again

You’re lucky if you have one of
the old fashioned “Lazy Susans” or
castors, the kind that holds vinegar
and catsup bottles and such. One
of the smartest silversmiths on
Madison Avenue, New York, is show¬
ing a castor in his window — used
as a central floral decoration. All
you do is to take the bottles out,
and replace them with tiny pots of
ivy, or you can fill the pots with
fresh flowers. For a luncheon, a
smart idea would be to use a small
matching pot of fresh flowers at
each place, with a place card at¬
tached • — or little corsage bouquets
made up of fresh flowers from
your garden, to match your central
flower scheme. The shops are just
now beginning to show reproduc¬
tions of old castors used as flower
holders. R. b. r.

Tricky Garden Aprons

New York stores are showing a
new garden apron with a thick
waterproof kneeling pad buttoned
onto the bottom of the apron. The
pad protects your knees from damp
soil and rheumatism, and can be
removed in a jiffy for washing.
These aprons sell ready-made for
$1.89 to $3, but you can make one
for much less. Use a heavy washable
cotton material like denim or heavy
cretonne for the apron, and be sure
to make it long enough so it will fit
well under your legs when you kneel
down. Make the outside of the pad
of oilcloth or some other waterproof
material, using the apron material
for the inside. The pad should be
about a foot deep, and two feet wide.
Make button holes at top and bottom,
or close with zippers. Fill pad with
layers of cotton or feathers. R. b. r.

Patterned for Summer Success

288 — Casual, cool and easy-to-make is this
shirtwaist frock for larger-sized women.
Add that colorful touch of ric-rac. Sizes
34 to 50. Size 36, 3% yards 35 inch fabric.
4775 — Staying at home or travelling this
Summer, this crisp style will suit any pur¬
pose. The novelly-shaped yoke is so smart.
Sizes 14 to 20 and 32 to 42. Size 16, 3/z
yards 35 inch fabric.

4720 — A cheerful little girl’s dress that
gathers its skirt in the center-front. Note
that bolero-effect, outlined with lace-edging.
Sew the sturdy, serviceable version for
your friend overseas. Sizes 2 to 10. Size 6, 2
yards 35 inch fabric.

Price of patterns 15 cents (in coins) each.
If you are a resident of New York City add
one cent for City Sales Tax. Send all orders
to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th St.,
New York City.

Chain Letters

Chain letters have always been
considered a nuisance by the ma¬
jority of those who receive them,
by others — more or less super¬
stitious — who are afraid to “break
the chain” for fear of dire conse¬
quences, these letters are taken
seriously.

However, many friendships have
been broken through the failure to
comply with the requests so boldly
asked by thoughtless friends and
acquaintances. They seem to assume
that the recipient has plenty of spare
time to make several copies of the
original letter — to say nothing of
furnishing stationery and stamps —
all to be inflicted on another new
group! In return for this labor, to
quote from one of the “Hobby Club”
type, “you will receive 12 lovely
gifts during the year.” Almost every
thing from a miniature animal to
a bath towel is promised. Now there
may be people who like to clutter
their homes with objects indis¬
criminately chosen by strangers, but
we are not in that group. Evidently
there have been complaints of this
nuisance, for now to the rescue comes
the U. S. Post Office Department
which recently has warned persons
mailing such letters that the act is
a violation of the postal fraud and
lottery statutes. Needless to say,
such letters should be sent back to
the original sender, with a report
to the proper authorities, for only
a thoughtless person would impose
on others in this manner.

Lauretta Hale

More Ideas on Kitchen
Thrift

Most farms have an abundance of
milk, the surplus of which is given
to poultry or hogs. None of us use
too much milk, so every extra pint
of this surplus milk we can get into
the diet, saves just that much on
some other food. Consequently, I
never use water in a recipe where
milk can be used.

Some evening when you want a
simple, hearty dish, try this “thrift
soup.” It is as good as it is simple.
Dice a small onion, a medium-sized
potato and a thin slice or wedge of
cabbage. Boil together for 45 minutes.
Add enougn boiling water to make
a pint of liquid, drop in a cupful of
rivvles, (made by dropping an egg
into two cups of flour, adding a pinch
of salt and working with the fingers
until the mass is crumbly, with pieces
not larger than a bean). Allow to
boil for 10 minutes, salt and pepper
to taste, add two tablespoons melted
butter and two quarts of whole milk,
scalded. Serve with stale bread, cut
in strips or cubes and toasted.

If you cut off the larger portions
of meat from your roast, and dis¬
card the bone, you are wasting much
nourishment. I put what is left in
a closely covered kettle, add two or
three cups of water, and simmer
until the meat scraps fall from the
bones. Then the bones are removed,
the meat cut in small pieces, and it
is ready to be made into a stew, as
a base for dumplings, or a meat pie.
This sort of a dish will also utilize
left-over peas, carrots or other vege¬
tables. When these have accumu¬
lated, a bit of diced onion is added
and a sufficient number of potatoes
peeled, cut in small cubes and put
in the kettle. The mixture is salted
and peppered to taste, and boiled
with sufficient water to cover pota¬
toes, until they are tender. Tomatoes
may be added if desired. If tomatoes
are used chile powder may be added.

I bake on Saturday, and I fre¬
quently find I have an assortment of
cookies, gingerbread, a piece or two
of cake, and perhaps a couple of
doughnuts cn hand, on Friday. These
are all put together, the large pieces
broken up, and the whole steamed
over hot water. Then the assort¬
ment of crumbs and sweets are ar¬
ranged in dessert dishes, and topped
with stewed fruit and whipped cream,
or with pudding sauce. We like the,
pudding sauce best. I make it much
as I would make lemon pie filling,
but with countless variations. If I
have left-over juice from peach, pear
or other _sweet fruit pickles, this
furnishes the base for the sauce. At
other times, fruit juice furnishes the
base. Butter is added for richness,
and the thickening is done with egg
and cornstarch. Such a dish does not
seem “left-over,” at all, but like a
very dressed-up dessert. n. p. d.

Idaho

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cooking temperatures you want— makes
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Don’t Forget to Renew Your Subscription

The Rural New-Yorker aims to furnish the most reliable
information available on all branches of agriculture and country
life. It prints only what is ’believed to be the truth, and only
what is believed to be for the benefit of the farmer. If you do not
find what you want, just let us know and we will try to get the
information you want without cost to you.

It costs many thousands of dollars to get the information
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circulation of more than a quarter of a million readers, however,
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street : — : New York City

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

402

ARRAN6LD £»T

VIOLLT &ELSIE UNGER

Drawn by Carol Williams, New York

MEMORY VERSE

THE WILD DUCK
Twilight. Red in the West.

Dimness. A glow on the wood.

The teams plod home to rest.

The wild duck comes to glean.

O souls not understood.

What a wild cry in the pool;

What things have the farm ducks seen
That they cry so — huddle and cry?

Only the soul that goes.

Ever. Eager. Flying.

Over the globe of the moon.

Over the wood that glows.

Wings linked. Necks a-strain,

A rush and a wild crying.

A cry of the long pain
In the reeds of a steel lagoon.

In a land that no man knows.

By John Masefield

Taken from “The Poems and Plays of
John Masefield.”

Drawn by Anthony Haddon, Rhode Island

Dear Friends. — Back again! Truancy is
in the air as the trout swim warily in our
streams. Our fishing season was post¬
poned on account of fires and lack of rain.

The time is whirling by. Our Glee Club
has chosen delegates to the All State Music
Festival next week, and we’re all busy,
for the music has to memorized. (I’m an
alto) . I’m in charge of a food sale
tomorrow “to defray expenses.”

Everyone is looking forward to our Prom
and the class trip. We will be publishing
another issue of our “Hi-Flier” next week.

With so much on my hands I must sign
off without really writing a letter! —
Miriam Boyce, Vermont.

Dear Boys and Girls — On opening the
last issue of The Rural New-Yorker I
was quite pleased to see my drawings pub¬
lished. I have often wondered how a person
feels when he sees his own work printed.
Now I know.

After having successfully passed my 30
week exams, I must settle down to some
good hard studying — as finals are only
just around the corner. — Mary Pease,
New York.

Dear Friends. — I have read “Our Page”
for less than a year and I think that it
is very interesting. I am 15 years of age
and live one mile and two tenths from
the village on a small place of two acres.

Am in the eighth grade at school and
expect to graduate into the Freshman class
in June. My favorite subject is spelling.

I like to write letters and would like
to have some of you readers write to
me.— Alma Ashley, New York.

Dear “Our Pagers.” — Aren’t you all glad
that Spring is here and it’s time to plant
your garden? Gardens are fun and I’m
sure you all enjoy raising one.

I am 13 years old and go to school by
bus, a ride of 13 miles, to attend high
school where I am a freshman. My sub¬
jects are Homemaking, English 1 and
General Math, and Social Science.

My pets are four cats and a kitten. The
kitten is black and white and plays al¬
most all day and bothers the other cats.

My favorite hobby is playing the piano
and singing. I like doing acrobatic stunts,
cooking and sports.

One of the things I enjoy most is re¬
ceiving letters, so won’t you all write to
me? My mother says it is a wonderful
way for young folks to get acquainted
and I agree with her. — Martha Young,
New York.

Drawn by Dorothy Riter, New York

April 1. — As usual I got April-fooled!
We’re in the sugar season full tilt now
and our men folks boiled down today. How
nice new syrup is with fresh homemade
bread!

April 4. — After school tonight I made a
cake, mopped all the house downstairs
and then went to a dance. It was a good
one (because we Seniors put it on).

April 13. — Sugar season is ended so
soon. The weather has beeen unusually
warm and I have found hepaticas this early.
We went to Easter breakfast and service

%ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28, 1941

this morning of course. Then we sugared
off this afternoon.

April 18. — This has been a busy vacation
week. Today I made some fruit cakes and
a maple pie and sewed on my new school
dress. Wild flowers are growing rapidly
and so are our garden plants, which means
more out-of-door work. We have bushels
of hens-and-chickens to be transplanted.
Yesterday we had our first thunder shower.

April 26. — Woodchucks are running
around our fields once more. Mike, the
boy next door, shot two today. We let
our cows out to pasture for the first time,
and how they did kick up their heels! I
made a fresh rhubarb pie and also a butter¬
scotch one. We’ve had cowslip greens and
horseradish already. — “Country Cousin.”

Drawn by Emmett Munger, Pennsylvania

Dear “Our Page.” — This past month has
been such a busy one but I’ve had a grand
time. Easter vacation was spent with a
cousin in a township where we used to
live. Both my cousin and I enjoy long
walks so we called on old school mates
and visited brooks and woodlots where we
spent many happy hours in days gone by.
It was a perfect vacation.

My trees for the 4-H work came. It’s
a long hot walk in the fields where I

put them in the ground. The work goes
quite fast but it is not as easy as it looks
and spoiled the better part of a week after
schools nights.

We live in the grape region and I have
wire-tied grapes after school. I like the
companionship of our workers and the few
extra cents I am able to earn.

The woods are showing so many differ¬
ent shades of green as the new leaves
come out on the branches. It is a lovely
picture dotted here and there with white
blossoming Juneberry trees and the very
dark green of the pines. There are still
a few skeletons of the mighty chestnut
trees which were blighted many years ago.
But last year we found some live trees
which should bear any season now.

Our playhouse shows no improvements
as yet except that we have most of the
old fence torn down, and window sashes
have been removed, mended and painted
a dark green. I am going to cut glass
from some larger panes which are cracked
and putty those in. We have sowed some
wild cucumber seed to train over the
building this year but have put some
woodbine roots in which do the trick later.
A bird house made from a hollow limb is
wired to a pole that supports mother’s
clothesline beside our playhouse. It has
a pair of nesting blue birds. A robin’s
nest is placed high in the branches of a
cherry tree. A little chippie sparrow is
building her nest in the climber rose on
the porch. All day a pair of flickers have
pecked at another bird house which the
blue birds used last year. It’s not over
ten feet from the ground on the trunk of
a maple tree by our side door. I wish the
hole was larger. A phoebe is nesting in
the woodhouse and I am sure that a
pheasant has a nest near the hedge. But
we can’t locate it. The cock bird is a
beautiful Mongolian. Hungarian pheasants
are quite thick here too. Ruffled Grouse
nest in the edge of our woods.

The deer are just beginning to range
back on our farm. Last year there were
many but several dogs have been chasing
them and this past year we have not seen
any since Christmas up until last week.
Five were feeding for three days back of
the barn. They are beautiful and were
quite tame last year but ate a lot of our
beans which does not make them welcome
visitors here when the crops are growing.
They ate nearly all the tender ears off our

Sky Pilot — By John Brimmer, Vermont ,Ready for School— By Ethel Simmonds, Vt.

sweet corn last year and destroyed the pop¬
corn which was near the woods.

I wanted to write about my herbs but
my letter it too long now. — Dora Hughes.
New York. ^

Dear Boys and Girls. — Every month I
have looked forward to “Our Page” and
at last I have decided to write.

I am 13 years old and live on a 135 acre
farm. I belong to the 4-H Club and think
it is a lot of fun. I am taking sewing.

My hobbies are writing poems, reading
and stamp collecting. — Rose LeGault.
New York.

Special Reunion Notes

Dear Friends. — It has been a long time
since you have heard from me. I am
writing to tell the “Our Pagers” that it
is time to plan for another reunion. Where
will it be this year? Anyone wanting it
should let me know as soon as possible so
that I can let all the other “Our Pagers”
know. If no one wants it my sisters Anna
and Elsie will take care of the crowd. We
did have it at my home one year — that
is the reason we want to give someone else
a chance this year.

Send all letters regarding this to Amy
Springer Porr, Route No. 1, Hershey, Penna.

Drawn by Anthony Haddon, Rhode Island

WHAT YOU WANT
If it’s work you want,

Find it.

If it’s singing you want.

Do it.

If it’s friends you want.

Be it.

If it’s home you want.

Make it.

If it’s knowledge you want.

Seek it.

If it’s adventure you want.

Get it.

But if it’s love you want.

Forget it.

By Lawrence Perkins, Maine

SCHOOL BOY

A young girl likes the phone to ring.
Knowing that her heart will ping.
Patiently she waits at home,

Wondering just how far they’ll roam.

Silence reigns. The bell is still,

For ring, she knows, it never will.

The young man whom she had in clover.
Just happened to think the whole thing over.

He knew he’d made himself a fool;

But after all, he’s just in school.

By C. Mat Hess, New York

FROM MY WINDOW
From my window I can see
The wild black lace ' of
Apple branches thrown
Against the twilight sky.

From my window I can see
Above my tree, the sky.

Beneath it the petaled snows
Of a thousand years
That have come with
Spring and gone with Spring,

And filled the years with truth.

Anna Kemesies, New York

Drawn by Mary Pease, New York

The Reunion plans are under way again.
If anyone, whether a past or present con¬
tributor, would like to have the reunion
at their home, please let Mrs. Porr know
as soon as possible. Then we shall be
able to print the outcome on “Our Page”
and everyone who is interested can make
plans about attending it.

From the accounts of past reunions, it
is easy to see that everyone has a good
time by visiting historical spots, news¬
papers, going on hikes through lovely
country or having a hot dog roast. It is
usually held in August as most of the
hard work for the Summer is over by
then. It gives everyone a wonderful
chance to meet the peole whose work they
have admired on “Our Page.” Many of
the past contributors have become fast
friends through attending it.

Here are our best wishes for success in
passing all your exams this month. For
some of you comes the long looked for
graduation. You will probably find that
you have been looking to leaving school
for so long and now that you have come
to that time, you are very sorry to go.
But in a way — that is why graduation
means so much to us all.

You must all be looking forward to a
nice long vacation and we hope that the
“Our Page Reunion is included in it.

Send all contributions to Violet and Elsie
Unger, 333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y„
before the fourth of the month if intended
for that month.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

403

The Henyard

— — By T. B. Charles =====

Coryza

My laying hens had coryza last
year and were laying 500 eggs a day.
In one week they dropped down to
50. I sprayed them every night with
equal parts of kerosene, lysol and
camphorated oil and put cod liver
oil in the drinking water. They
finally got over it in about four
weeks and began to come back on
eggs. This year the March chicks
have come down with it in the
brooder house. I have sprayed them
every night and used cod liver oil
in the drinking water and they are
better but I am wondering whether
the laying stock is immune that had
it last year. That is most important
to me as they are laying 50 per cent.
I have sprayed them three or four
times a week after they have gone
to roost, and put cod liver oil in
water. If you could find out whether
the old stock is immune to it, it
would relieve my mind a lot. It cost
me $300 in eggs last year and lost
25 hens with it. The shell texture
was terrible for a long time.

Connecticut e. e. s.

Coryza is giving many poultry-
men a lot of trouble, and severe
losses in production. It is prevalent
in the Fall after the pullets have
been housed and get to laying at a
good rate. Shell texture is badly
affected, and sometimes never gets
back to normal; also interior egg
quality may be seriously upset for
a time. At the present time, there
is no known cure or prevention.
Birds, however, that have had
coryza seem to be relatively immune
to later outbreaks. Also some of the
later outbreaks may be due to the
fact that some birds in the original
flock may have escaped the first out¬
break and come down with it later.

Inasmuch as your old birds- have
had' coryza and your young stock
now have it, you will have to live
with the disease. If you could raise
your young stock on a separate farm,
and have no contact between birds,
caretakers or equipment and the old
hens; then if you could sell off all
old stock and clean and disinfect
the houses and leave vacant for a
few weeks you might be able to get
rid of the infection. However, there
would be no assurance that you might
not get coryza in your birds again
just as you did in the first place.

On those farms where coryza has
been present for some years, they
seem to have less trouble from year
to year. This would also tend to in¬
dicate that the birds build up some
immunity or resistance to coryza.

Tumors in Hens

We killed two year-old White
Rock roosters, and found a peculiar
tumor in each. The tumors were
located adjoining the kidneys. In one
it was small, about the size and
shape of a large lima bean; in the
other, it was fully three times as
large as the normal gizzard. In
appearance it resembled a corn-
bound crop, except that the cover¬
ing membrane was transparent and
very thin; and the contents of the
tumors were of a granular bony
substance. The liver of the bird with
the larger tumor was slightly en¬
larged, brown in color, with about
six small spots which seemed to
contain pus or bile. Other parts of
the entrails seemed to be normal,
and the birds seemed to be in good
health when they were killed.

Ohio s. g. w.

Tumors are not at all uncommon
in birds. Tumors may be of many
types, such as (1) ostoma, a bone
tumor; (2) myoma, a muscle tumor;
(3) lipoma, a fat tumor.

Benign tumors increase in size by
central growth, and do not invade
surrounding tissue. It is not common
in males to have tumors of the
testicles, but it is not impossible.

Spots on the liver probably have
no relation in this case to the tumor.
These liver spots might be either
lesions of tuberculosis or blackhead.
If later you have any abnormal mor¬
tality, it would be wise to consult
the poultry specialist of your State
College of Agriculture, or a com¬
petent poultry pathologist. Your re¬
port seems to indicate only unusual
cases which are probably no cause
for alarm.

Producing Capons

I would like to raise capons but
people tell me too many die even
when one has a veternarian to
caponize them. Is that true? About
how much would he charge to capon¬
ize them? Must one have a license to
sell them in Ohio? How much is the
license per year? c. s.

Ohio

Capon production may be success¬
fully undertaken if you can be rea¬
sonably certain that you grow chick¬
ens to maturity with good success,
and that you can develop a special
market for them when mature.

Mortality in caponizing should
not exceed five per cent, and may
be less. Birds that die during the
operation can be dressed and used
so that no great cash loss should
occur. The cost for caponizing is
usually 10 cents per bird in small
lots, and some do the work for seven
or eight cents each in large lot^

To the best of my knowledge,
there is no law relative to the sale
of capons, although your city no
doubt regulates peddlers. Thus it
may be necessary for you to secure
a permit to sell from door to door.
Your Chamber of Commerse can
give you information as to any such
regulations.

Profit in capon production de¬
pends on the ability to get a premium
over ordinary poultry meat prices.
Thus you should look up the mar¬
ket end thoroughly before going
into the business of growing capons.

Hens Have Colds

My hens sneeze and have almost
stopped laying. We wet the mash
at noon and also feed corn, oats and
wheat. We gave them a big dose
of salts. i. b.

New York

Birds that are sniffling and have
colds are probably out of condition.
It is possible that your birds have
Coryza which is much worse than
a common cold.

Treatment will consist of doing
those things that will cause the
birds to increase food consumption,
and thus speed them on the way
to egg production. With warm wea¬
ther at hand it should be much easier
to get these birds back in proper
condition for production.

Flushing with epsom salts as you
have already done should help to
clean out the birds. However, avoid
excessive flushing out of the birds.

If they have good body weight,
your efforts to get them back into
production may be practical. Moist
mashes and fleshing pellets in addi¬
tion to the regular laying mash and
hard grain may bring results.

Linseed Meal for Hens

Is linseed oil meal good for
poultry? Can I put some in my lay¬
ing mash? p. p.

Linseed oil meal has been used to
some extent in laying mashes for
the past 25 years or more. It is a
good source of vegetable protein
(about 35 per cent protein). If used
it probably should not constitute
more than 5 per cent of the total
mash mixture.

If soybean meal is used in your
mixture, you could substitute lin¬
seed oil meal for one-half of it, or
if deemed desirable for all of it in
the mixture; however not to exceed
5 per cent of the total mash mixture.

Abnormal Eggs

Why is there a piece of white skin
sometimes in eggs? f. r. k.

Whitish material floating around
in the egg white is in most cases a
piece of the chalazae which has
broken loose and is free-floating.
The yolk is held from rapid motion
in the egg white by two whitish
cords that are part of the very dense
layer of albumen surrounding the
yolk.

In very rare cases a piece of the
shell membrane might tear loose and
be included in the albumen. How¬
ever, in most cases this whitish
membrane or skin you refer to is
egg albumen, and does not in any
way affect the eating value or quality
of the egg.

Enrich with

MINERALS

Use " Lime Crest"

CALCITE CRYSTALS

“Lime Crest” Calcite Crystals are important
for making firm, sound egg shells— for maintain¬
ing healthy birds— for strong, sturdy baby chicks.
Whether in large or small crystals, they have
just the right crystalline hardness to permit a
steady supply of minerals.

Enriched Mash Feeds

Many brands of feed are minerally enriched
with Lime Crest” Calcite, your dependable
aid for flock mineral protection.

Inaddition, keep“Lime Crest” Calcite
Grit before your poultry at all times
to satisfy additional mineral hunger.
Write for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
of America, Box O, Newton, N. J.

Black1®
Leaf 40

JUST A
DASH IN FEATHERS.

Cap- Bruih" Applicator
make* “BLACK LEAF 40"
GO MUCH FARTHER

OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice. etc. quickly
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, Md.

BROILER CHICKS

LLED BREEDING

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard's
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, feather early, growrapidly
and developintoheavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

WHITFaOCK

{chicks ..*10. 100

EGGS FOR per

MATCHING.... lOO

-1 All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
■ State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-

I MAX’S ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
■ FREE circular.

JOSEPH

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

dept, f

TOIMAM

ROCKLAND

MASS.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

Christie's NEW HAMPSHIRES

“fuuot SPIZZERINKTUM

Summer Chicks ThatCanUike

Christie Chicks have the SPIS
ZER1XKTTTM that carries the
^safely through the hot weather, ai
bkeeps them growing into prime broi
ers, roasters and early-maturing pullet
N. HAMPSHIRES — BARRED ROCK
CHRIS-CROSS BARRED HYBRIDS
40.000 Pullorum-Tested Breeders. No R
actors. Write for catalog and prices on Chicks ai
Hatching Eggs. Andrew Christie, Box 60, Kingston, N I

Highest PENS, All Breeds, at 4 Tests
Highest HENS, All Breeds, at 3 Tests
Highest Red PEN, 2-Year-Old Vineland Tests
Highest Red PEN, 4-Year-Old Class, Vineland Test
1st, 2nd & 3rd High Birds 2-Year Vineland Test
12 High-Scoring RED PENS (1st, 2nd & 3rd Places)
Highest PENS R. I. Reds, at 5 Tests
4th Highest PEN in America, All Breeds
I0TH CONSECUTIVE STATE AWARD
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts awarded its
1911 Contract for over 20,000 Chicks to WARREN,
making the 10th consecutive time.

Same Blood, Same Breeding, Same Results!
All WARREN RED and ROCK-RED-Cross
Chicks are of the same blood in the Red line as
WARREN’S Contest Winners, but Prices are no
higher than those of many commercial hatcheries.

Write today for Catalog and Summer Prices

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brooktlold, Mass.

Bonded Against B.W.

TaMeAf Cnwc\

VIM-VIGOR-VITALITY

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-Sex. Pulleta Ckls

Large Type Hanson 100 100 100

S. C. White Leghorns . $7.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, B. I. Reds 7.50 9.50 7.50

Direct New Hampshire Reds. . 10.00 14.00 8.00

Red-Rock Cross . 8.00 10.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.00 6.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. Postpaid. Sexing Guar. 95%
accurate. Order direct from adv. or write for FREE cat.
Chester Valley Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

GRAYBILL’S SHag

Electric Hatched from BLOOD-TESTED BREEDERS.

CASH OR C. O. D. Non-sex. Pits. Ckls.

Large Type Eng. or Han- 100 100 100

son Str. S. C. W. LEGHORNS . $5.50 $11.00 $2.50

N. H. REDS (SPECIAL DIRECT) 9.00 13.00 6.50

Barred & White Rocks . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed (SPECIAL) . 5.50 7.00 5.50

Sexing guar. 95% ace. We pay all postage & guar.
100% live del. 4 wk. old Leg. Pullets $23-100. Ship¬
ped Exp. Collect. Order direct for immediate ship¬
ment or write for FREE Photo Cir. & Prices. C. S.
Graybill Hatchery, Box R, Cocolamus (Juniata Co.) Pa.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng. Wh. Leg.$l2.00 $1.50 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks... 8.00 6.00 6.50
R.I. Reds, Rd-Roek Cr. 8.00 6.00 6.50
New Hampshire Reds. 9.00 6.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 5.00 6.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write the Old Reliable
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full details
of our Flocks. All Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

saummHEH’s chichs

Cash or C. O. D. Post Paid Unsex. Pits. Ckls.
95% True to Sex 100 100 100

Large Wh. Leghorns . $6.00 $ 1 1.00 $2.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds.... 7.00 8.50 7.00

Buff Orps.. W. Wy„ N. H. Reds.. 7.00 9.50 6.09

Jersey White Giants . 8.00 10.00 9.00

Lamonas ....$10.00-100: Heavy Mixed ....$5.75-100
All Breeders Blood-tested. 100% live delivery.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

CHERRY HILL CHICKS

Pullets guar. 95% accurate Unsexed Pits. Ckls.

Large Type White Leghorns . $6.50 $12.00 $2.00

White or Barred Rocks . 7.00 9.00 7.00

New Hampshires or S.C.R.I. REDS 7.50 10.00 6.00
Less than 100 add lc per chick. Also started Chicks
CHERRY HILL POULTRY FARM.

Wm. Nace, (Prop.). Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

AH Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat. Free.-

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Unsexed Pullets, Cockerels.
Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3.00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 9.50 7 00

Wh. Wyand.. R. I. Reds. Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires, Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R, Port Trevorton, Pa.

SH ADEL QUALITY CHICKS

100% live arrival Postpaid. Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

Pullets guar 95% loo 100 100

ENGLISH LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $2 00

N. H. REDS . 7.00 10.00 6.00

BARRED ROCKS . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Heavy Mixed, Gt’d. 80% heavies.. 6.00 8.00 5 00

Catalog °f Farm & Stock Free. Order direct or write
SHADEL POULTRY FARM, Rt. 5, McAlisterville, Pa

COLONIAL IS FIRST

in total number chick* sold because Colonial prices, quality
and service are right! Why pay more? All leading breeds also
gxed. Hatches year around except August. U. S. Approved.
Big Catalog free.

COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS, MARION. OHIO

WOLF 'FARMERS’ FRIEND’C HICKS

Now you can get WOLF
They're from A. P. A.
largo egg production.

Order with confidence from
Only $1.00 books your order.

''Farmers’ Friend"
Registered Flocks.

Chicks at new low prices.
Bloodtested and bred for

this ad or send for FREE GUIDEBOOK,
balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

’■A"

S. C. White Leghorns .

Leghorn Cockerels . . | go

tv ani Rocks' Reds' and W.' Wyandottes 6.40

ivv, ;?n' Minoreas, Buff Orpingtons, W. Australorp 6.40

White and Black Giants . 7411

Assorted Heavies . c'qn

Odds - ends . . . 54P

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less than' 100 add

WOLF FARMERS* FRIEND

50e

"AA”

Mating

$6.90

13.80

2.75

7.40

8.40

6.40
5.95

to the

AAA”

Mating

$7.75

15.50

3.75

8.40

9.40

5, GIBSON BURG, OHIO

404

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

June 28. 1941

Restock Brooding Houses Now!
Low Prices on Chicks Bred

For Summer Raising

With defense and export demand for eggs and meat
increasing, and with good prices assured, you’ll
want to keep your poultry equipment working to
capacity.

R.O.P. EGG SIRED STOCK AT REDUCED PRICES

liig type White Leghorns with sire’s dam’s records
from 200 to 316 eggs per year; egg sizes from 24
to 28.8 oz. New Hampshires with sire’s dam’s
records from 200 to 310 eggs; flock averages up to
241 5 eggs per year. Also great breeding in White
and Barred Rocks, Rhode Island Reds, White
Wyandottes.

„KKB£. BROILER CHICKS

Fast-growing. full-feathering, big-framed, heavy
ineated types from finest strains. Our Rock-Hamp.
broiler cross assure quick profits.

Sexed day-old pullets and cockerels guaranteed
95% accurate.

DEMAND IS HEAVY. . . WRITE FOR CATALOG
and low prices today. Hatches each week.

Pennsylvania Farms Hatchery, Inc., i*wi.£wxnu4»n..

Chicks That Live

Our 33 year* of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

1 9 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. J.

OF QUALITY-CASH OILC.O.D

■JftmmmiL BLoomm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns.. . $6.00 $10.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R.I. Reds . 6.50 8.50 6.00

Mixed $5; H. Mixed $5.50-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R, MeALISTERVILLE, PA.

imUHEMHEa

INI

II Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Postage Paid.
St iSt Will Ship C.O.D. TJnsex. Pits. Ckls.

Sexing Guar. 95% 100 100 100

Br. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . $7.00 $9.00 $7.00

Rd.-Rk. Cross, S.L.Wy., N. H. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50
Bl. & Wh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas.. 8.00 11.00 8.00
Breeders Bloodtested. H. Mix $5.95; H. Mix Ckls. $6.
HERBSTER’S HATCHERY, Box R, McCLURE, Pa.

A. W. ULSH’S

CHIX

All Breeders Blood- Unsex. Pits. Ckls.

tested. 100% live del. 100 100 100

Barred & White Rocks . $7.00 $9.00 $7.00

N. H. Reds, W. Wy., Bf. Orps. .. 7.50 10.50 7.50

H. Mix $5.95. Cash or C.O.D. Post’pd. Sex 95% ac.
A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Dili I ETC _ nrVQ Hanson’s World Record and

iULLIi 1 0 ntHJ Tom Barron Breeding-354
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege. 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now "AAAA”
mating 40c up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM, Box 3041, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

DR. ROMIG’S r teste»m CHICKS

Bar. or Wh. Rocks, Wh. Leghorns $5.75; New Hamp.
$7.50; Red-Rock Cross $8; W. Giants $8; Lt. Brahmas
$9.50; Heavy Mixed $6; White Leghorn Pullets $13.
100% live arrival Post Paid. Cir. DR. F. C. ROMIG,
Veterinarian, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pennsylv" ’-a

Black Leghorn Pullets a^tthsat^°\BoYr'

QUALITY TURKEY POULTS *ie5r^£r

SEIDELTON FARMS, WASHINGTON VILLE, PA.‘

FIVE ACRES AND
INDEPENDENCE

By M. G. KAINS, B. S., M. S.

A practical guide to the selection and
management of the small farm with
detailed advice and explanation on var¬
ious topics treated.

Revised and enlarged edition.

‘Dvi/'o <tO 4Q New York City residents
ITI ICC vp4/t;7 add 2% Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street - New York City

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. s : :

N. H. Poultrymen Meet

Nearly 300 Granite State poultry-
men met at the University of New
Hampshire on June 3-4, in their
annual Summer session. In the
business meeting of the Poultry
Growers’ Association, officers elected
for the new year were: President,
Ernest W. Campbell, Gonic, N. H.;
vice-president, Leonard S. Hill, Lou¬
don; secretary, R. C. Bradley, ex¬
tension poultryman of the University
of New Hampshire; treasurer,
Thoma* B. Gadd, Plymouth, N, H.
The poultrymen also voted to in¬
crease the number of directors of
the association from nine to twelve,
and chose along with the three new
directors, four to fill the places of
retiring members. Directors elected
for a three-year term are: Perley I.
Fitts, Durham; George C. Gove,
Raymond; Grant Jasper, Hudson; and
Franklin Flanders, North Weare.
Director for two years is Melvin
Moul of Brentwood, and for one
year, Frederick Nichols of Kingston
and Edward H. Young of Dover.
Mr. Young took the place of J.
Ralph Graham who resigned his
directorship this Spring.

On the program of the two-day
meeting were 16 talks, presented by
11 speakers gathered from 7 states
and from the national capital. Dis¬
cussion centered around manage¬
ment, merchandising, nutrition, la¬
bor, and national welfare conditions
vital to the poultrymen,

W. D. Termohlen, of the U. S. D.
A., pointed out that development of
the New Hampshire breed has been
one of three big reasons why New
England poultry production has in¬
creased in the last 10 years, while
that of the nation has changed but
little. The other reasons are able
merchandising and sales through
cooperatives, and the growth of a
huge broiler industry which gets
much of its stock in New Hampshire.
Poultrymen must continue to talk
up their product, he said, and must
help to eliminate state trade barriers
in the process. The world situation,
the zooming broiler trade, and other
factors make it all the more im¬
portant that poultrymen band to¬
gether against the economic storms
of the future.

Importance of the good pasture for
poultry was stressed by Dr. W. R.
Graham, Jr., of Kansas, and John
K. Westberg of the Eastern States
Exchange. “Pasture, the stuff we
walk across, really has some power,”
said Dr. Graham, citing experiments
and practical rearing which has en¬
abled poultrymen to rear up to 10,000
chicks on 10 acres of land, using
pastures rotated at weekly intervals.
Pasture growth not more than six
to eigb* inches high, and preferably
four, is what the chickens like and
eat.

A good pasture pays yearly
dividends to the poultryman, said
John Westberg, for it results in a
10 to 25 per cent saving in growing
feed costs. Fourteen hundred birds
per acre is the record of one New
Hampshire farmer who has a perma¬
nent grass pasture.

Feeding of pullets to give them
strong bodies before they start to
lay is the prime essential of a grow¬
ing program, according to Dr. Harry
W. Titus of the Beltsville, Maryland
Experiment Station, and a 21 per
cent protein growing mash seems
to give the best results. In getting
the proper vitamins into a ration,
poultrymen can be sure of adequate
Vitamin D supplies, he added, in
spite of the war-caused shortage of
fish-liver oils. When pullets are
grown, the birds with normal eyes
with orange iris and round pupil are
the ones to pick for production, he
said, and those with blue or brown
iris or pupils that are not round are
apt to be diseased.

Ohio Poultry Day

June 25 was the 25th anniv-
versary poultry day at Wooster,
Ohio. In the forenoon, there were
tours of the Station’s poultry
plant. Some of the things to be
seen were: Chicks and turkeys
brooded with those new lamp brood¬
ers designed by the Station; chicks
and pullets raised indoors with the
use of the new type of sunlamp; the
use of sunlamps for layers; how old
batteries without a source of heat
can be easily converted into battery
brooders by means of a new type

of electric lamp; layers m batteries;
a modernized laying house lined with
galvanized iron; insulated, and
equipped with droppings pits, box
nests, and a watering device, and
how an insulated laying house with
reduced window space is ventilated.
Visitors may see the Station’s 3,000
pullets on range and the labor-saving
equipment used to care for them.
Turkey growers had a special
program.

In the afternoon there were
addresses on market eggs, the
broiler business and other matters of
importance to poultrymen.

Raising Broilers and Fryers

Assuming that I can get 25 cents
per pound the year around for
broilers and fryers, not dressed,
what is the most advantageous
weight to sell them at, 2 V2, 3, or 3V2
pounds or what? In other words at
what weight do I get the most for
my labor and investment? Are
broilers raised in batteries inferior
to those raised in brooder houses or-
on range; and if so what is the
difference? J. e. m.

New Jersey

The best age or weight at which
to sell broilers or fryers depends on
many considerations. Here are some
facts and figures in growing a dual-
purpose breed:

Males Only

Age Total Lbs. Feed

Weeks Weight Feed Per lb. Wt.

12 . 3.16 11.30 3.57

16 . 4.47 19.62 4.38

20 . 5.53 26.44 4.78

24 . 6.20 34.70 5.78

From the above table you will
note that it requires 2.21 lbs. more
feed to produce a pound of meat
up to 24 weeks over that required
to grow a male to 12 weeks. Thus
at 2 cents per pound for feed this
means about 5 cents per pound more
to produce the bird for feed cost
only.

Feed represents about one-half the
cost of producing a broiler at 12
weeks or a male or pullet at 24 weeks
of age according to many cost ac¬
count records. Using this as a basis,
and feed at 2 cents a pound, it would
cost for feed alone 22.6 cents to 12
weeks; 39.2 cents to 16 weeks; 52.8
cents to 20 weeks and 69.4 cents to
24 weeks of age. Thus, if feed cost
is considered as one-half the cost,
the total cost to 12 weeks would be
about 45 cents; to 16 weeks about
80 cents to 20 weeks about $1.06;
and to 24 weeks about $1.40. With
your price of 25 cents per pound
alive the year around, this would
give you a margin per bird of about
35 cents at 12 weeks; 30 cents at 16
weeks; 31 cents to 20 weeks; and
15 cents at 24 weeks.

The other and very practical side
is that by selling at about 3-3 Vz cents
at 12 weeks you could raise four
lots a year and secure greater
volume. If you sell at 20 weeks you
can only run your total housing
capacity about 2V2 times per year,
against four times for 12 weeks.

These figures given as to weight
can be attained in growth. The
cost figures have been assumed, but
are average according to many cost
studies. What the future holds as
to feed or meat prices is not known;
thus you will have to use your own
experience and good judgment in
applying these figures.

Broilers raised in batteries will
probably be more tender than floor
raised chicks. However, they are
more liable to have breast blisters
and scratches, also skin blemishes.
Battery raised chicks should be kept
quiet, and injury can be greatly
reduced.

Chickens on Free Range

There is one sure way of prevent¬
ing cannibalism in chickens, and
that is, give them a good range; as
long as they can get the little bugs
and worms that they naturally eat,
they won’t turn on each other. I
never have this trouble, although I
did several years ago when I had
them confined.

Chicks feather better, too, for they
must get plenty of carotin in their
diet — the element that makes hair,
wool, feathers, horns, hoofs, etc. Of
course where there are several
thousand hens kept on a small
place I understand why there can¬
not be a range. But you cannot
have a bathing beach in a bath tub.

Pennsylvania I. s. d.

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest available prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator's uniform
milk price for May 1941 is $1.83 for 3.5
per cent milk in the 201-210 miie zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices; Class 1 (fluid milk in market¬
ing area) $2.20 per cwt.; Class 1 (outside
non-federal) $2,325 per cwt.; Class 1
(relief) $1.63 per cwt.; Class 2-A (fluid
cream) $2,125 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,899 ; 2-C,
$1,849; 3-A, $1,776; 3-B, $1,799 ; 3-C, $1,629;
3-D, $1,574; 4-A, $1,499 ; 4-B, $1,481.

Fluid sales for the whole month of April
amounted to 203,463,105 pounds and there
was a ,otal of 576,960,186 pounds of milk in
the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15 cents;
28 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 34% to 35V2c; 91 to 92
score. 34% to 34%c; 88 to 90 score, 33%
to 33%c; unsalted, best, 35% to 36c; 90 to
92 score, 34% to 35c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 30c; specials, 28c;
standards, 26%c; firsts, 26%c; undergrades,
25%c; exchange mediums, 28c; Pacific Coast
specials, 35c; standards, 32c; mediums,
29%c; brown, extra fancy, 33c; specials,
27 ‘Ac; standards, 26‘/2c; mediums, 27c;
duck eggs, 27c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2% to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, l‘/2 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality. Undergrades and small sizes
proportionately lower.

Fowls, 28c; broilers, 24c; roosters, 14c;
turkeys, 20c; ducks, 10c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 24c; broilers, 24‘/2c; turkeys, 27c;
capons, 32%c; roosters, 18c; squabs, lb„
34 to 38c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.35; bulls $9; cows, $8.25;
calves, $12.50; lambs, $12.35; hogs, $10.15.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $4; stringbeans, bu., $2;
beets, bu., 65c; cabbage, l‘/2-bu., $1.50;

carrots, 50 lbs., $1.75; celery, crate, $3;
sweet corn, 100, $2; cucumbers, bu., $2;

kale, bu., 50c; lettuce, bu., $1; lima beans,
bu., $2; onions, 50 lbs., $3; peas, bu., $2;
peppers, bu., $1.50; radishes, bu., $1;
spinach, bu., 60c; squash, 24 qts., $1;
tomatoes, lug. $2; water cress, bunch, 3 to
5c; mushrooms, 3-lb. bskt., $1; potatoes, 100
lbs., $2.15; new, 100 lbs., $1.50 to $3; sweet
potatoes, bu., $2.25.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1 to $1.75; blackberries, qt„
7 to 13c; huckleberries, qt., 15 to 40c; straw¬
berries, qt., 15 to 30c; cherries, qt., 10 to
15c; peaches, % bkt., $2.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, Timothy, $20; No. 2, $18;
No. 3, $16; clover mixed, $23; straw, oat
and wheat, $13.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red, $1.19%; corn. No. 2,
yellow, 89 %c; oats. No. 2, white, 47 %c;
rye, 64%c; barley, 79c.

FEED

Bran, $27.10; middlngs, $26.50; hominy,
$34.60; linseed meal, $25; cottonseed meal,
$34; soybean meal, $33.60.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 45 to 46c; eggs, 45 to 48c; string-
beans, lb., 12c; peas, lb., 15c; lettuce, head,
5 to 10c; chickens, lb., 30 to 35c; straw¬
berries, qt., 20 to 25c.

BUFFALO FEED MARKET

Middlings. $25.50; bran, $25.50; corn. No.
2, yellow, 79%c; oats. No. 2, white, 43‘Ac;
barley, 56 %c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 35%c; eggs, 33c; live fowls, 22c;
chickens, 23c; dressed fowls, 25c; chickens,
29‘/2c; squabs, 38c; apples, bu., $1.50;
asparagus, doz., $2.25; lettuce, doz., 50c;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $2; sweet potatoes, bu.,
$1; peas, %-bskt., $1.50.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 35c; eggs, 26%c; hens, 22c;
chickens, 22c; roosters, 14c; apples, bu.,
$1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs.. $2; hay, $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11.50; bulls, $9.25; cows, $8;
calves, $12; wethers, $4.75; lambs, $12;
hogs, $9.85.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11.50; cows, $8.50; bulls, $9.75;
calves, $13.50; lambs, $12; hogs, $10.50.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 36%c; eggs, 35c; dressed fowls,
25c; chickens, 23c; turkeys, 31c; apples,
bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs., $2.10; aspara¬
gus, 2-doz. bunches, $3; wool, 46 to 47c;
bran, $28.50; red dog, $30; hominy, $35.50;
hay, $20.

Austerlitz, N . Y. Starts
Campaign

The Austerlitz, N. Y. Publicity
Association has opened its Austerlitz
Home Campaign to make known to
the general public the beauties and
advantages of the town of Austerlitz.

A public speaking contest is being
arranged for all High School children
in Columbia County on the topic
“Why I Should Own a Home in
Austerlitz.”

Dr. Frank C. Maron is President
of the Association, Clarence H.
Hutchinson, treasurer, and James S.
McDonogh, secretary.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

June 23-26. — American Dairy
Science Assn., Burlington, Vt.

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29-Aug. 1. — Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Aug. 4-7 — Vegetable Growers
Ass’n. of America, Columbus, Ohio.

Aug. 15-Sept. 1. — New York State
Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, ifrass.

405

Damage to Bird Life

Away back in 1898 the writer
joined up with the Klondike Gold
Rush mob out of San Francisco.
After settling down to panning gold
in the North Country, my uncle in
California, who was a Rural New-
Yorker subscriber at that time, used
to send it regularly along with other
periodicals to Klondike for me to
read.

Thus, we got acquainted in a re¬
mote section where outside world
news was scarce in those days. Ever
since then, The Rural New-Yorker
has been delivered to me by mail
and, after I am gone, The Rural
New-Yorker will be delivered just
the same to my Palace Depression,
Vineland, N. J., because my will
directs my executor to continue the
subscription for others to read who
manage my estate.

However, what I really wanted to
talk about here is the Palace De¬
pression Park. Perhaps The Rural
New-Yorker and its readers can be
of some assistance. I am a natural¬
ist, a lifetime student of nature. My
private park has a natural scenic
setting with a 20 foot wide open
stream flowing through and emptying
into the Maurice River. Practically
all of my time is occupied with car¬
ing for wild bird life, about 75 pet
gray squirrels, some mink and
muskrat, all of which I call my pets.

Millions of people have seen me,
my pets and my Palace Depression
in the Universal “Stranger than
Fiction” motion pictures.

From 1930 up to about 1937, I
cared for a flock of approximately
3,000 wild birds on my property.
Since then all of my wild birds have
died on account of drinking con¬
taminated water from the stream.
Long before the stream water reaches
my Park, the water is polluted by
manufacturers, such as waste am¬
monia water from two ice plants,
waste tanbark liquid from two
basket factories, waste water from a
chemical plant, waste water dumped
from a poultry slaughter house, a
duckery dumps all its manure into
the stream, dyestuffs from a laundry,
waste from a glass factory and other
refuse.

All of these deleterious substances
are destructive of life, and are dis¬
turbing the habits of wild life, of
which I complain. During the past
five years 1 have been complaining
to the New Jersey State Board of
Health to enforce the State Sewage
Act of 1929, which specifically states
that no industry or company or cor¬
poration of any kind can pollute an
open stream of water. The State
Health Director informed me by
letter time and again, that he could
not proceed legally against any
polluters unless advised to do so by
the State Attorney General, who is
legal advisor to the State Board of
Health. In the Attorney General’s
reply to my contaminated water
complaint, he stated that my com¬
plaint was one for the State Health
Department. So, each year has passed
and my water complaint has been
turned into a football in a buck¬
passing game by state officials. Also,
I have taken my complaint to the
New Jersey Audubon Society and the
State Fish and Game Commission
without results. I have had the
water chemically tested three differ¬
ent times by a certified chemist, who
definitely states that the water test
results show sufficient bacteria to
poison any bird, rabbit or even a
dog, during the months of June, July,
August or September.

New Jersey George Daynor

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber ’
Exchange will be found on page 407

[

Help Wanted

WANTED — Man with team to work far)
at Burtville, Pa. Start July 1st. We ha\
tractor, machinery and 8 cows. Farm wi
accommodate more. Running water j
kitchen, bath and milk house.. O. A. KIBB1
Burtville, Pa., or 1105 Center St., Ea:
MaUch Chunk, Pa.

MIDDLEAGED MAN or woman to take cai

of farm house for 6 men (4 in Winter
Simple cooking, no washing, regular work
mg hours, good job for right person. $<
per month; owner not living on farm, i
miles from New York City. Write BOX 4:
Jefferson Valley, N. Y.

WANTED — Steward for private miiitar

school, feeding 175. Must be good buve
manager, tactful with help and willing 1
assume full responsibility. A clean-ci
Christian gentleman desired. Satisfactor
references required. Address BOX 19
Woodstock; Va.

fht RURAL NEW-YORKER

DAIRY DRY-HAND milker. Familiar with
pasteurizing and sterilization. Must be
sanitary and neat. Single. Living apartment,
board, washing, etc., furn. $30 per month.
References required. ALPINE GOAT DAIRY,
Susquehanna Rd., Ambler, Pa.

PAINT ONLY; trailer coaches, farm tools.
At once. H. J. CUTTS, Putman Road,
Newport, N. H.

COUPLE WANTED for small place, in
family of three adults. Woman for general
housework; man gardening, assist inside.
No vegetables or livestock. Own room and
bath. Willing to teach inexperienced persons.
MRS. C. E. BLACK, Good Hill Road,
Westport, Conn.

HELP WANTED: Cook and general house-
worker. Strong, white, age 25 to 35 years.
Clean, intelligent, experienced with children.
State habits: smoking, drinking. Religion.
State location of your town. ADVERTISER
2003, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once, elderly, handy farm
hand; married or single for small dairy.
Work alone. TOSTRUDE, 591 Powell St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y., or Manorville, N. Y.

COUPLE — Good farmer to run small farm
and general housekeeper. Two in family.
Year round position. DR. WAGNER,
Lyme, Conn.

WANTED — Single man on large modern
poultry farm. Steady job with good pay
to man interested in poultry. State salary,
full particulars first letter. WINDRUSH
FARM, Cedar Grove Road, Princeton, N. J.

HOUSEWORK, GENERAL, white, no cook¬
ing, light laundry; own room. A. A.
SPIEGLER, 2116 Avenue J, Brooklyn, N. Y.

MANAGER FARMER, complete charge 200
acre modern dairy farm Northern New
Jersey. Must have good references and be
thoroughly experienced and reliable. Salary
$125 and house, additional if sons assist.
This is a permanent position with good
living conditions and a chance for real
recognition of one who can perform satis¬
factorily. Give full particulars. ADVER¬
TISER 2008, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MAN wanted on apple
orchard, milk 2 cows, help with other
work. Good job; board, home. State wages
wanted. ADVERTISER 2009, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSE WORKER NOT over 45; likes
children; own room; $30. DUNCAN,
46-02 194th St., Flushing, N. Y.

WANTED — Handyman, middleaged, with
good habits; small salary, board. ALIDA
ENGSTROM, Absecon, N. J.

COUPLE — Experienced cook-housekeeper,
good gardener, handyman, station driving,
entire charge; two adults. Permanent. Give
references and lowest salary. ADVERTISER
2011, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Gentleman (single) wants house¬
keeper and gardener, ages 45 to 50;
Protestants. Pleasant home near New York
City; year round position, moderate wages.
Good health and neatness essential. Write
immediately stating former occupation, age,
etc. ADVERTISER 2012, care Rural New-
Yorker.

HOUSE WORKER — Plain cooking, light

laundry; business couple. Country, four
rooms, own room. $25 month start. MRS.
B. KRASNOW, Suffern, N. Y.

HONEST, RELIABLE man; poultry experi¬

ence. Decent wages. No hard or rush
work. State age and references. LIPORY’S,
Route 1, New Brunswick, N. J.

WANTED — Experienced, dependable young

man for estate-farm; good milker and
general farmhand. $50 a month, room and
board. SOMMER, Box 162, Ambler Pa.

WANTED — Elderly operator, licensed to run
tractor; chickens, one cow, general farm¬
ing, garden. Steady work; room and board;
good home. $30 month. ADVERTISER 2016,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — $100 monthly; woman experi¬

enced house servant. General housework,
cleaning, cooking, electric washing machine.
Take care of three children. Man for out¬
side work, mainly gardening, handyman,
farming; non-drinkers. References. K.
SWENSON, Rock Tavern, N. Y.

AMBITIOUS YOUNG man for retail milk
business. Good opportunity. Address AD¬
VERTISER 2017, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARMER, must be good milker
and also familiar with milking machine.
Good wages to man with ability. Address
ADVERTISER 2018, care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE WOMAN, light housework;

small chicken farm. Good home, year
round for willing worker. $25 monthly.
BECKWITT, Bound Brook, N. J.

YOUNG WOMAN, general housework, good
cook. Am widow at business; daughters,
3. «, 12, 15 years. All modern conveniences.
Don t answer unless you prefer good home
to high salary. Write full particulars in
first letter. MRS. MAE WIND Babylon,
Long Island.

■^■^^^UUAN COUPLE. Country place. Family
2 adults. Must be clean, sober and honest.
Woman good cook, house worker and able
to serve. Man drive, assist gardener with
all outside work, care of dogs and one
horse. Permanent comfortable home for de-
servrng people. Give full particulars in letter.
OtyC' BURNS' 19 West 50th St., New York

ASI|vAf M^\ID for country home.

v?lly two, aduRs- Must be good cook
fnd deopn^hi' 6r’ t!efVe nicely> dean, honest

ConnJ

E^teadvENS20° F£RMER’ small farm,

board-

Situations Wanted

]

FARM, DAIRY, poultry manager; lifetime

experience; practical, scientific. Specialty
Guernseys, Leghorns. ADVERTISER 1935
care Rural New-Yorker.

STENOGRAPHER TRAINED woman, secre-
...tet e.xcellent manager, knowledge agri¬
culture. Desires position, farm or laree

New-York1°VERTISER 196°’ ca~

SinSle* 3ge 49’ highly
periSentWantf $7*0 mTntlT good^ board ■
Raymond,- N^H.^ temperate- BOX 142,

BOY 16, farm raised, wants work for
Summer months; milk, drive team or
tractor. ADVERTISER 1961, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED POSITION as working superin¬
tendent; medium to large sized dairy
farm. Prefer commercial show place; thor¬
oughly experienced. Not lazy, guarantee
results; am superintendent of a farm now.
Want to give months notice. ADVERTISER
1962, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED as gardener in flowers,
vegetables, lawns; middleaged man, single.
By July 1-15. FRED H. TRIMPE, Amawalk,
New York. Telephone 967 Yorktown.

PERMANENT SITUATION wanted by farm¬
er - gardener - machinist, working estate
foreman last 12 years. Wife excellent plain
cook and baker, or will board help if re¬
quired. Require furnished living quarters
for selves and two well-behaved sons, 11
and 12. Kindly state wages and details first
letter. Sober, dependable couple; age 40; best
references. ADVERTISER 1976, care Rural
New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN wants housework with
refined family. ADVERTISER 1981, care
Rural New-Yorker.

BOY 15 wants work for Summer on dairy
farm, within 100 miles of New York.
Two Summers’ experience. ROBERT

McWATERS, 140 Pershing Ave., New

Rochelle, N. Y.

WIDOW, 42, young daughter, excellent
homemaker, cook. Permanent; complete
charge. Near school. State wages, conveni¬
ences. References exchanged. ADVER¬

TISER 1991, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOY, WILLING, do work; wishes Summer
farm work; no experience. Small pay.
ADVERTISER 1992, care Rural New-Yorker.

INTELLIGENT WOMAN, 35, neat appear¬
ance, wishes suitable Summer position,
better farm of resort; dependable, capable,
experienced, housekeeper, waitress, plain
cooking. Please write your offer, answer
details, references exchanged. E. ZINGEL,
130 Center Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y.

SELF-WORKING farm family wants oppor¬
tunity, establish themselves. ADVER¬
TISER 1996, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRYMAN, HERDSMAN, position wanted;

11 years in present place. Owner closing
farm. Married, 1 boy. Write ROBERT
CARLSON, 1911 Penfield St., West Oak
Lane, Philadelphia, Pa.

POSITION WANTED, farm superintendent.

Reference, experienced, beef cattle, poul¬
try, estate work, handy. Wife plain cook,
housework. Child 9 months. Wages, shares.

P. O. BOX 96, Norwich, N. Y.

WORKING FARM manager or herdsman.

Hollander, age 38, life experience in
general and dairy farming; married, 2
children. ADVERTISER 1998, care Rural
New-Yorker.

BOY, 16, desires farm position; some agri¬
cultural experience. Salary secondary.
ADVERTISER 1999, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRYMAN, HERDSMAN, farmer; married,
life experience. Practical, scientific; thor¬
ough knowledge all branches. Wishes po¬
sition. References. ADVERTISER 2000, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED, HANDYMAN, gardens; poultry.

ADVERTISER 2001, care Rural New-
Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 24, inexperienced, wants
few months light outdoor work. PAUL,
430 East 162nd St., New York City.

POSITION WANTED by single middleaged
man, with small family or elderly people
as farmer, gardener, poultryman. livestock.
No tobacco or liquor. Healthy, houGh, capa¬
ble; drives. ADVERTISER 2007, care Rural
New Yorker.

POULTRY MANAGER, single, 25 years ex¬
perience, management, hatcheries, large
egg and broiler plants; also turkey and
pheasant farms. Expert with incubators. Ex¬
cellent executive ability. References. AD¬
VERTISER 2006, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN, 33, single, over 10 years
practical experience; wants steady po¬
sition on poultry plant. Excellent references-
tee-totaler. ADVERTISER 2005, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MAN, PAST middleage, sober, clean in
good health, able to do anything; will
give best of services in exchange for good
home and small pay. ADVERTISER 2004,
care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN. 30, single, responsible,

good practical and theoretical experience,
can work without supervision, wants steady-
position. Poultry breeding farm, institution
or laboratory preferred. No tobacco, no
liquor. ADVERTISER 2013, care Rural
New Yorker.

EXPERIENCED FARM manager, thorough

practical knowledge, all branches farm¬
ing. Excellent references; college certificate
Married, 42. ADVERTISER 2014, care Rural
New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN, hotel graduate, wishes

work; tearoom, camp, inn. institution.
Excellent references. ADVERTISER 2015,
care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED, superintendent on

small farm. Scotchman, age 41, experi¬
enced, present job 13 years. Wife work oc¬
casionally. Within 50 miles city, in New
Jersey, Connecticut or New York. ADVER¬
TISER 2019, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, RELIABLE; position, cook, serve,
houseworker, garden, lawn, repairs, handy.
ADVERTISER 2020, care Rural. New-Yorker.

WORK ON farm or country properties,
young man with experience at same. AD¬
VERTISER 2021, care Rural New-Yorker.

FUTURE VETERINARY student, 15Va,
wishes vacation work. dairy farm.
ADVERTISER 2022, care Rural New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid

into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

FINE HONEY, glass jars, 8 oz. to 3 lb.

and 5 lb. glass pails and tins; 2V2 lb. tins;
60 lb. can liquid clover mixed $3.80; best
clover $4.80. 10 lb. pail delivered, $1.75;
buckwheat $1.40. RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa,
New York.

HONEY: 60 best clover $4.50; 28, $2.25 not
prepaid. 10 postpaid $1.50. Satisfaction
guaranteed. F. W. LESSER, Fayetteville,
New York.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Pound 75c;

3 lbs. $2, prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

BEST BUCKWHEAT honey, 60 lbs. $3.60;

freight paid to 600 miles. NELSON’S
APIARIES, 9012 South Military Road,
Niagara Falls, N. Y.

CHOICE CLOVER honey, 60 lbs. $4.30;

mixed Fall, $3.25. LAVERN DEPEW,
Auburn ,N. Y.

BLACK WALNUT meats, 2 lbs. $1.25; 5 lbs.

$3. Pecan pieces, 55c lb. Butternuts, 2 lbs.
$1.60; 5 lbs. $3.75. Prepaid. R. L. HARMAN,
Dillsburg, Pa.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. A wholesome natural sweetening.
FRANK MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

Country Board

BOARDERS WANTED, comfortable country
house with all modern conveniences, bath,
electricity, telephone. Pleasant location on
main road near village, churches and stores.
Bus passes door; 65 miles from New York
City. Reasonable rates. MRS. R. FITZ¬
GERALD, House-in-the-Pines, R. F. D. 1,
Montgomery, N. Y.

LARGE FARM, all conveniences; quiet
restricted. $14 week. “OLD HOMESTEAD,”
Mansfield, Pa.

SPEND YOUR vacation, week-ends on a
farm. Fresh air, good food, rest; $12 week.
LAWRENCE* South Hartwick, N. Y.

WANTED — Boarders, 200 miles from New
York. Booklet on request. MRS. BERT
PRATT, Route 1, Norwich, N. Y.

WANTED — Children to board. Good food,

good care, clean home. Happy vacation.
Inspected. MRS. FRED BROWN, Cuyler,
New York.

BOARDERS WANTED, low rates. MAR¬
JORIE McCLELLAN FLINT, Randolph, Vt.

VACATION IN woods; learn trees. State
approved camp. Good food. DEERFIELD
FORESTERS, Cooperstown, N. Y.

FRENCHMAN. MIDDLEAGED, wishes board
on small farm; serious, obliging; moderate
rates. ADVERTISER 1983, care Rural New-
Yorker.

BOARDERS OR week-end guests. Farm, im¬
provements; reasonable. A. E. FIELD,
Carmel, N. Y.

MODERN. PRIVATE home, $25 monthly.

ADVERTISER 2002, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUNTRY BOARD and tourist for Summer,
modern conveniences. MRS. D. KIRK¬
PATRICK, Randolph, Vt.

FARM BOARD, 1,500 feet high, nice views,
all conveniences. bathing, near golf
course. MRS. CHAS. DAVIS, R. 2, Port
Jervis, N. Y.

RIVERSIDE FARMS, large modern home
by river; swimming. Shady screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

COME TO Hillside Farm. Rest; home cook¬
ing. HILLSIDE FARM, Shavertown, N. Y.

W A NTED BY couple, board on farm for
two weeks; good fishing. M. 58 Hamilton
PI., New York City.

SPEND YOUR vacation in Maine, country

home, modern conveniences; own farm
products, home cooking. Recreation, (tennis),
good fishing; nearby lakes and streams.
Rates $15; Gentiles only. WIL-O-LON
FARM, Oxford, Maine.

Miscellaneous

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cauca-

sian queens, 75c each; very gentle and pro-
ductive. HARRY CONNER, Stockton, N. J.

COMPLETE ARNDT poultry battery equip-

TJm£ntV>In5uire SCHMALZ DAIRY FARM,
R. F. D. No. 3, Plainfield, N. J.

FOR SALE, about 140 acre of wood and

timber; near Auburn. A. MARGARET
MILLER, Ramona, Calif.

WANTED — Second hand hot bed sashes -

must be m good condition. Give full par¬
ticulars as to size, quantity, kind of wood,
*JC- A. F., Room 1000, 80 Broad St.,

New York City. ‘

WANTED, ONE 40 to 60 H. P. portable

steam boiler and engine. KURT ULRICH
Corinth, N. Y.

WANTED — Starting and finishing broiler

batteries. BLUM, Purchase, N. Y.

30 MINK pens, 2x2x6, 75 kennels with

extra Nest Bos slightly used. GATES
MINK RANCH, Hicksville, N. Y.

BARGAIN — Complete cider mill. All buyer
needs is apples. R. KROMER, Armonk,
New York.

70 QUILTS $4-$30. Crib quilts, rugs, new

“peace” aprons 75cts. Circular. Quilting
done. VERA FULTON, Gallipolis, Ohio.

FOR SALE, garden tractor with 12 tools.

DOHERTY, R. F. D. No. 1, East Syracuse,
N. Y. (Schepps Cor.)

TWO QUILTS $5.25, tops $1.50, 5 linen
tatting edge handkerchiefs $1, 5 pot

holders 30cts. Two rugs $5.25 (2x4 ft.), 4
aprons, 6 handkerchiefs $1. MRS. ALBERT
DOWNING, Topsham, Vt.

WANTED — Amerdon mill with at least 20
foot carriage. OSCAR S. JANSEN, Box 2,
Wallkill, N. Y.

WANTED — A used, but in good condition,

Papec silage cutter and silo, 10 ft. in
diameter, 22 ft. high, convenient to Carmel,
N. Y. S. W. HUFF, Carmel, N. Y.

406

REDUCED /^ PRICES

SWENE (HICKS

SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

, St PULLETS

| ELMER H WENt|

U** NEW JERSEY

- 5. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Sold on CREDIT
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.)

From Large Size,
heavy production Barron
English S.C.W. Leghorns.

Hens weigh up to 7 lbs.

Mated with R. O. P.

Pedigreed Cockerels.

Extra quality chicks
from Free Range Blood-
tested healthy vigorous selected
stock. For June delivery at $7 per
100; $20 per 300; $33 per 600; $65
per 1000. Sexed Pullets $14 per 100;
$66 per 500; $130 per 1000.

Cockerels $1.50 per 100.

Order from this ad. or write for Cat.

ROBERT L. CLAUSER

Box R. Kleinfgltersville, Pa.

PROFIT-BRED FROM PROVEN STRAINS

NEW hampshires. leghorns, r. i. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar to
3 wka. Bred for low morta.lity ea.rly matun^.
aver, production. Also sexed pulletaO^oac^ guar
PULLETS 5000 s.x weeks old ALSO FALL
For Sale Now ! to ready-to-lay -round

Write for Catalog A Price* ." tb' y F ARM

sunnybrook poultry farm

B0XAHHOWard ^ H°^S0* N^TyORK

maple lawn chicks

lUrtriJ ' Th 100 100 100

Hatches every Mon. & Thur‘ Plt3. Ckls. Str.

100% live del- I l0"teXdnl8 . $12.00 $2.00 $6.00

. 8.50 7.00 7.00

S0di^RedsCr&SWh/wyandottes.... «-50 7.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 7.50 5.50 6.00

' Quality ! Bred for size and egg pro-

,SRtSS.ra:

Maple Lawn Hatchery, Box R, McAiisterville. Pa.

100% Live Arrival Guar 100 100 W0

SrmTF “LEGHORNS’8 S' . .C‘ . $6-00 $12.00 $3.00

WHITE LEGHORN . . * 9-00 6.00

B. Ply. Rocks & R- I- Reds . 6.00 9.00 b.00

New Hampshire Reds . 5‘5q g oo 5.50

All8Breedm Bloodtested foi'B.W.i). Antigen Method.
We pay all postage. Sexing guar. 95% on all PuLLet
Chicks. Order direct from ad. or write fo^FBEE

POULTRY^ ARM. Box R, ' McAiisterville, Pa.

NACE’S QUALITY CHICKS

We pay postage. Safe delivery guaranteed.

tt nr L'ng Larse Typo 160 500 1000

Sex ‘Leg. Pit's (95% guar.) . 00 $60.00 $120

Titrffp Tvne Wh. or Br. Leg . 6.00 30.00 oo

B & W Rox, R. 1- & N. H. Reds 7.00 35.00 70

Wh. Wyand. & Buff Orps . 7.00 35.00 70

Asforted Mixed! ! ! ! 1 1 ! ! " ! ! ! liBo SolfiO 60

From Free Range Flocks. Circular FREE.

I N NACE POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
BOX R RICHFIELD, PENNSYLVANIA

IHIUK^V

CASH OR C. O. I). Sir. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. Box, R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy IVIixed ............ . 5.50 o.oO 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

SUNNY SLOPE CHICKS

100% live arrival guar. Postpaid. — Cash or C. O. D.
Order direct from ad. All Breeders Bloodtested.
Hatches every Mon. Non -Sex Pits. Ckls.

and Thursday 100 100 100

Large Eng. Wh. Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 9.50 7.00

Bar. & W. Box, Rd.-Rk. Cr.... 7.00 8.50 7.00

R. I. Reds & Wh. Wyand . 7.00 8.50 7.00

Heavy Mixed. . . 6.00 7.50 5.50

Extra quality chicks bred for size & egg production.
Pullets guaranteed 90%. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Sunny Slope Hatchery, Inc., Dept. R, Thompsontown, Penna.

iJJ.l'I'liMH'iMid

^AJLjLJLLJJLJL^J WORLD’S oldest laying strain.

nr- F 11 _ LI _ J J D Ft D QFaS— G.ifv—iiIqa^ * * Yin a

Officially blood tested. R.O.P. State Supervised. “One
Breed— Bred Right’ ’ . Satisfied customers circle the
globe. Evers — Chicks & Youngsters. MODERATE PRI¬
CES. Catalog FREE. Joe Parks & Sons, Altoona, Pa.

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
r^ITA AAAun eood layers, broilers!

BARRED ROCKS

lin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

P u. 1 1 e t s

S. C. White Leghorns; 3,000, all ages. Ready for
delivery. Range raised. Write, Telephone, or call.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM, East Moriches, N. Y.
(Telephone Center Moriches 427)

Wh. Wyandotte Pullets &«se, si6ocweuepk3

year. SHERMAN BOWDEN. Box I95A. Mansfield. O.

9ftr RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Publisher’s Desk

I wonder if there is any way to
get an adjustment of a poultry deal.
Last Fall, Cohen Brothers, Malden,
Mass., bought 344 of our hens and
promised to bring us 250 No. 1 cross¬
breed pullets laying 20 per cent and
every one a first class pullet. He
left us a check for $206.40 but we
were to have pullets for the check.
He did not come when he promised
and in reply to our letter said the
lot he intended to bring were not
satisfactory and he wanted to give
us the best. To our second letter he
asked us to go to Gorham, Maine,
and look at some pullets there but
it was impossible for us to go from
home and wrote him that we would
expect him to bring the pullets he
promised. No answer to our last
letters. His delay made it so late
we were unable to get the early
pullets we wanted and it made about
six weeks’ difference in our income.
Can anything be done? We foolishly
signed the receipt when they took
the hens but we cannot afford to
lose this money. w. e. r.

Maine

Cohen Brothers cannot be located
in Malden, Mass, and we have been
unable to get any settlement of this
complaint. We suggest that a refer¬
ence be secured when dealing with
people unknown to you and at a
distance, especially when no local
address is given. It looks as if they
were simply out to get all they could
from country people. It would be
helpful if we could locate these
parties.

I am very glad to say that the
check from the insurance company
has been received. I cannot say how
thankful I am for your kind and
prompt attention to this claim. It
was not much but I saw no reason
why I should be the loser and I
thought you could wake these people
up if anybody could. My faith in
the potency of “our” paper is still
growing after nearly 30 years of
reading it. Again let me thank you
all and wish you continued ‘success
in the future. J. r-

New Hampshire

A truck was damaged in a collision
and more delay ensued in the
settlement than seemed reasonable.
It was, however, finally adjusted
and we were glad to have been able
to help. The size of the amount
makes no difference and when it is
justly due it should be paid promptly.
We are greatly pleased to know that
our reader finds the paper maintains
its helpfulness and interest for him
and we trust it will continue to do
so for another 30 years or more.
Such Tomments are always appre¬
ciated.

Can you please tell me if March
Gold. Inc. is still in existence? I
had some shares there which were
$1 a share in 1927. Any information
will be appreciated. J. m.

New Jersey

We are sorry to report that March
Gold, Inc. held a substantial share
of stock in the March Gold, Ltd.,
which company owned properties in
Canada. However, this mining
operation was not successful and a
foreclosure proceeding followed in
1933 and present holdings have
only a nominal, if any, value. No
market could be found for the shares
and no record of a market later
than 1931.

Anyone having a claim against the
Larkin Company is requested to file
a consent and statement of claim
with the Creditors Committee of
Larkin Co. Inc, 680 Seneca St.,
Buffalo, N. Y. It has been stated
that certificates issued will be re¬
deemed as soon as possible and new
mail orders filled as recived and
all back orders will be filled
as funds for same are cleared.
Coupon holders will be treated
on the same basis as other
creditors and their interests, it is
said, will be protected by the com¬
mittee to the same extent as creditors
having money due for merchandise
sold. The plan includes the value of
the certificate as well as cash ad¬
vanced for merchandise and if any
creditor who does not have the forms
will write to the above committee,
proper blanks will be sent. File the
claim properly and promptly and you
will be in line to receive your share
of any monies or goods available.

I am enclosing a copy of a letter
(enclosing a check for discrepancies)
from the U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture; also a letter from Goldberg
Bros, making explanations. I wish
to thank you for the part you played
and the information you gave me
concerning this. This is the first
time I have ever had to appeal to
you for help and certainly do appre¬
ciate the help you gave. I notice
that people in business, especially
those having dealings with farmers,
wish to stand in good with “The
Rural New-Yorker” since upon a
few occasions I have mentioned I
would appeal to your paper and
they have hurriedly made amends,
and this time I received the cash.

I shall always consider The Rural
New-Yorker a friend in need; and
you may rest assured my subscrip¬
tion will never expire. E. h. v.

We like the promise in the last
line and are well repaid for our
efforts in the cordial appreciation
shown by our reader. Failure to
make a return for shipments was re¬
ported to the Department of Agri¬
culture under the Perishable Agri¬
cultural Commodities Act. The De¬
partment found that many records
were missing and the company
claimed that an explosion in their
building had destroyed them. The
investigation, however, from the in¬
complete records showed discrepan¬
cies amounting to $181.55 on the
shipper’s consignments and Goldberg
Bros, admitted the incorrect account¬
ing and made adjustment. Disciplin¬
ary action may be taken against the
concern under the Perishable Com¬
modities Act because of the incorrect
accountings in this case and some
others who had also complained.

D. Barton, representing the Vogue
Studio of Binghamton, N. Y., has
been through this section selling
certificates giving a special bargain
on pictures and promising a sitting
at a specified time and place at
Montroser Pa., but neither Barton or
the Vogue Studios kept their prom¬
ises and these people have not seen
them nor has their money been re¬
funded. It is said that there had
been previous complaints about
them. e. b.

Pennsylvania

The head of the studio is said to
be Lawrence Jewell. We were un¬
able to reach him and letters to the
Vogue Studio were returned marked
“out of business.” Beware of special
bargains of this type and pay out
your money only when you are as¬
sured of value for it.

I wish to express my appreciation
of your handling of my claim on the
almanac. I had paid $2 for it in
January and the company had never
sent it and never answered the
three letters written to them. Evi¬
dently after a telephone message
from you, they wrote me apologizing
and I received the book in question.
The amount was not large but such
negligence is very annoying. Thank
you again for your trouble.

New York c. H. G.

Delays and errors occur even with
the best intentions to prevent same
and we were pleased to get this one
out of the pigeonhole.

Last November we sold a load of
cabbage to W. C. Collins, for which
he paid. When he came for the
next load he did not have the money
but promised to pay for it when he
got another load the following week.
He claimed he had a party to buy
both loads. The value was $24. He
gave his address as Sodus but the
license was Alton, N. Y. J. l.
New York

We were not successful in locat¬
ing Mr. Collins — letters were re¬
turned saying: “Moved, left no
address.”

The compensation board gave me
a new trial and I am getting the
$6.42 per week. I also received the
back compensation due me. I am
very thankful for your help in this
matter and should have let you know
before. w. A. K.

Pennsylvania

A delayed compensation claim was
brought to a conclusion and we were
pleased to be of help. Certain forms
must be followed but when red tape
involves unusual and unnecessary
delays we are at times successful
in untangling them.

June 28, 1941

Pullorum Free by Stato Test since 1927.
“Never a week without a hatch” since 1927.
Quality chicks since 1911. Catalogue Free.

Send for this Catalogue. Its interesting

Over 59 million chicks in past 10 years. We ship
prepaid, and guarantee 100% live delivery.

Hall Bros. Hatchery, Inc. w.iHn0oford?<

Conn.

FAIRPORT CHICKS

from these great strains
Cornell Wh. Leghorns . . . Parmenter Reds
Twichell’s New Hamps. . . . Lake Winthrop Rocks

a o n d emcn 21 years of stea<iy breeding im-

• K. u. r. SIKtll provement with bloodlines from
WH. LEGHORNS outstanding strains such as those

..... ..... above make this year's chicks our

• LKUba-nKtUb greatest breeding values. U. S.

• SEXED CHICKS Approved — pullorum tested. Every

• ■1. j breeder selected and banded by
in all breeds n. Y. State Dep’t. of Agriculture
official. Largest state supervised
hatchery In N. Y. We hatch the year round.

, LOW PRICES — FREE CATALOG
Get low prices, breeding facts on Fairport Leg¬
horns, R. I. Reds, New Hampshires. White
Wyandottes, Barred and White Rocks. Also
Hamp-Rocks (sex-linked cross) and Rock-Hamp-
shires (barred cross) from Twichell and Lake
Winthrop strains. Write Today.

FAIRPORT HATCHERY AND POULTRY FARM
Box R Fairport, New York

PULLETS- PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list.

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

Hanson S\train Leghorns

Chicks from two to four year old hen breeders. R.O.P.
Sired Chicks $7.-100; Pullets $14.-100. Hanson Strain
Chicks $6.50-100; PuUets $13-100. 95% sex Guar.

Cockerels $2.50-100. Four week old Pullets $25-100.
Immed. Del. Postage Paid. Free Cat. C. M. Shellen-
berger’s Poultry Farm Box 34, Richfield, Penna.

- MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Barred & W. Rocks, W. Leghorns $7-100; New Hamp¬
shires $7.50; Rock-Red Cross $7.50; W.Giants $9; Leg¬
horn PuUets $13; Leg. Ckls. $1.50; H. Mixed $6.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular.

M. F. MATTERN. R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks. Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas.
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE. Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

BIG CHICK BARGAINS

White St Black Giants. Lt. Brahmas. $*9.95

N. H. Beds. White St Barred Bocks . M fig

Dark Cornish I2e ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 a too
100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage C.O.D. 100%

AUve. EWING’S HATCHERY. BOX 2, McCLURE. PA.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

PHirif Q New Hampshires, Barred Rocks, White
Leghorns, $5.75-100. C.O.D. shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

rilTIUF A rnirKC day old ducks available
xlUIliIj/m LBIhBj each Tuesday. 50 for $10.50.

LINWOOD FARM. Box 391, RHINEBECK, N. Y.

HIGH-CLASS MAMMOTH

BRONZE POULTS

From Maryland's Bronze Turkey Belt
Liberal DISCOUNT on early ORDERS. Our
poults are baby beef type. Breeding flocks all
blood-tested. Catalogue.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM

Telephone 308, Chestertown, Maryland

DUCKLINGS — Highest quality. Lowest prices

Lipory’s Duck Hatchery. Rt. I. New Brunswick, N. J

Bronze, Bourbon Red, (Boyal Palm) Black Turkeys,
eggs. Poults. Elsie Hallock, Washington Depot, Conn.

riiiolslinnc Mammoth Pekins $14 hundred. Runners
UUCKllUgS $13. Harry Burnham, N. Collins. N. Y.

MEN WANTED

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

1 333 West 30th Street

New York City

Ijivo 3?oultry Wanted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!

S. MEYER & SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St., New York

WO O I WANTED. Montgomery Wonted
Mill*, Inc., Montgomery, N. Y.

ROLLS DEVELOPED £S

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight

service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

WANTED — Farm, no stock, within 125 miles
of New York; down payment of $500.
ADVERTISER 1970, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM WANTED, small or large in New
York State; within 100 miles of New
York City. Write ADVERTISER 1971, care
Rural New-Yorker.

BUNGALOWS FOR rent, 3-4 room furnished
bungalows. All improvements; $125 season.
WALTER STEWART, North Br
Sullivan County, New York.

Yorker.

"DOC” BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Free list.

General farms, cows, pigs, chickens, $7,000.
Fine dairy farm, stocked, equipped, $10,000.
Dairy and poultry farm, brook, view, $5,900.
See “Doc” for Orange County farms and
stores.

FOR SALE, gas station, body fender shop,
one acre, new 6 room house, modern,
village, established business; sickness, sacri¬
fice. ADVERTISER 1995, care Rural New-
Yorker.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, Including name and address, each Inser¬
tion, payable In advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach os Thorsday, 10 A. M.
9 days io advance of date of issoe.

This department Is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

| Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc, |

FOR SALE, a farm about 200 acres " in
Putnam, New York, on the shore of
Lake Champlain. Large stone house and
numerous outbuildings. FRED WALKER,
Shoreham, Vt.

New York.

$2,200; BALANCE easy terms, buys large
fertile dairy farm, complete buildings. Im¬
provements, river. Genuine reason makes
this bargain possible. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

STATE ROAD, 8 acres, 8 rooms, barn,
garage, large hennery, electricity; $3,400;
terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

BARGAIN — One acre, Colonial, suburban,
home, improvements; Route 11. Contact
H. HURLBUT, Tully, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000 cash, $500, balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 33 acres, good house, 12 rooms,
all improvements; orchard, garage, chicken
house. Will divide acreage. Reasonable.
SA VERIO BACCHETTA, Mount Hope Farm,
Road 22, Brewster, N. Y.

SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA farms, Virginia’s
best. VIRGINIA REALTY CO., Carrsville,
Virginia.

50 ACRES, state road, garage, cabin, lunch¬
room site, 40 acres tillage about level,
building 12x16. Price $1,000, $150 cash.

ADVERTISER 1936, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, 105 acre Grade A, Orange
County dairy farm. Eight room house, all
buildings modern improvements; assured in¬
come. With or without stock. Inquire. AD¬
VERTISER 1963, care Rural New-Yorker.

TEN ACRES of level land, near Catskill;

large house. $1,500, cash $700. ADVER¬
TISER 1966, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSE FOR sale, frame, five rooms, elec¬
tricity, garage, chicken house, state
highway, creek : near Reading, South Temple,
Pennsylvania. $1,650. Apply to REV. JOHN
VELYHORSKY, R. 2, Sinking Spring, Pa.

50 ACRES, state road, garage, cabin, lunch¬
room (site). Cobleskill. 40 acres tillage,
about level, building 12x16. Price $1,000;
$150 cash. ADVERTISER 1804, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY CO, Southington,
Conn.

RETIREMENT HOME, with income possi¬
bilities. Edge of Amherst Village, home
of Massachusetts State and Amherst Colleges.
28 acres all tillage. 2V2 story, 12 room
house arranged for 2 families and 3 room
apartment in basement, readily rentable.
Large barn, shed and other buildings.
Poultry would enhance income. $6,500.
Terms. FEDERAL LAND BANK, Spring-
field, Mass.

STATE ROAD farm of six acres near
Garretsville; attractive 8 room house,
electricity, excellent water, porch, large
shade trees, brook, level land, barn and
poultry house; taxes $35 yearly. An un¬
usual buy at $1,600. Others. MRS. CLAIRE
PARSONS, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

250 ACRES, pond, swimming pool, large
barn, house improvements, 25 head stock;
$9,500. Terms. VERMANN, Coxsackie, N. Y.

EXCHANGE FOR farm, country home, 6
family house, income $1,000. ERDOSI, 74
Fourth Ave., Albany, N. Y.

FOR RENT, three rooms or more, furnished.

MRS. MARY FREDENBURGH, Roxbury,
New York.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY farm. 106 acres,
good soil, near cities; small place
considered in part payment. ALBERT
HIBBARD, Johnstown, N. Y.

FARMS FOR sale. Upper Hudson Valley,
New York- State. Warren, Washington
and Saratoga Counties. 93 acres, 9 room
house, barns, $1,700. 97 acre dairy farm,

2 barns, good house, $3,500. 105 acres, good
buildings, $3,300. 118 acre dairy farm

bordering Hudson River, 2 islands, brick
house, $6,000. Many others. Also desira-
able village properties $1,500, up. Write for
lists. TOM ROGERS AGENCY, Vh Ridge
St., Glens Falls, N. Y.

WANTED — Farm, not more than 150 miles
from New York City. $1,000 cash, no
mortgage. ADVERTISER 1969, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WILL BUY abandoned farm, small pay
„ merit down, long terms. ADVERTISEI
1982, care Rural New-Yorker.

- - "“"-m cc.uiunj'. oiaie price, loca¬
tion and condition. (No agents) Write
GEORGE COLLATE, 151-5? 11th- Ave
Whitestone, L. I.

i' iui iud iaKe snore no me
site/ GILLAM, 658 Moreland, N E
Atlanta, Georgia.

FATRM — South side Long Island, 19 acre'
under cultivation now. GEO. OSTERBERG
East Moriches, Long Island.

suw iucauon. jvms.
Belchertown Rd., Amherst, Mass.

-v^w*** ^ atedin neat, eiec-

tncity, large barns. Land, buildings good

now rl i+i /> vn 1 — — * _ _ ± i i - _

~r — - — - puui j diivt general.

Must have own stock and tools. Act at
once. Buying option, rental basis.
SCHLOSSER, 4711 12th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

FOR SALE or exchange, 2 acres, 10 room
house, 2 car garage, water, electricity,
small fruits, shrub enclosed- lawn and
garden. BOX 118, Kinderhook, N. Y.

HUDSON RIVER Valley. Two commercial
fruit farms. One has roadside market,
established. Another with dairy connected.
Modern, improved homes. Location, ideal.
WEAVER, Box 118, Kinderhook, N. Y.

VERMONT INCOME poultry and dairy
farm with tools. Buildings insured for
$7,000. $6,500, cash $2,000. ADVERTISER

1984, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Six to ten acre farm, with
small house, some improvements; within
100 miles from New York City. Reasonable.
LOUIS ALPERT, 1866 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn,
New York.

GARAGE, CABIN, roadstand (site) , 10 acres,
state road, Cobleskill, new bungalow, 15
apples; $1,300, $300 cash, $15 monthly. AD¬
VERTISER 1990, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, Summer home, fine location,
near Otsego Lake and town Springfield
Center. Public pier, bathing, boating near,
IV* acre, 600 pine trees, fruit, berries,
garden lawn, brook, 4 rooms, fireplace, good
water, garage, chicken house. Price $1,200;
can be bought furnished. LUBENAU,
Springfield Center, N. Y.

FOR SALE, good 275 acre dairy farm with¬
out stock and tools, in healthy Catskill’s
best dairy section, four miles to town, two
milk plants, Erie Depot, three miles to bus.
Beautiful estate, suitable Summer residence.
Twelve room house, bath, electricity, tele¬
phone, concrete basement barn, three car
garage, all roofs, buildings painted white,
in best repair; piped spring water in
principal buildings; 100 acres tillable and
hayland. For particulars inquire. ADVER¬
TISER 1994, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE, five adjoining farms in central
Pennsylvania on hard roads. Hundred
registered Holsteins, Bang’s approved on
one; thoroughbred Hereford herd on an¬
other; hogs, chickens, fruit trees, alfalfa,
permanent pasture on all. Good hunting,
fishing. New buildings, running water in
house, barns, and chicken houses. Write,
E. E. SCHMICK, Elmira, N. Y.

FOR SALE, 30 acres, wooded; cut by Penn-
Reading Railroad from Atlantic City to
Philadelphia. BOX 202, Newfield, N. J.

BARGAIN — Eight room house, oil burner,

garage; near railroad, school, stores.
$8,500. CUTTER, 1 Pine A.ve., Floral Park,
Long Island.

LONGVUE FARM, milk route, half mile
lake front; reasonable. Also country gas
station, sold 14.815 gallons May; house
garage, land, $2,900. GEORGE COLLESTER’
Springfield, Mass.

TWO MILES to station, rent furnished.
Eight room house, bath, modern, conveni-
a ences, main highway lot 60 No. 185. For
e sale, also adjoining lot 60 No. 180. Ideal

- tourist camp or chicken farm, next to
stream; $3,500. OTTO HORNUNG, Horton-

- ville, N. Y.

J, ONE DOLLAR per acre rents. Twelve buys,

>, approximately 245 acre Broome County,

New York hill farm, house and bam. Ex-
- cellent dairy, sheep or goat or group camp
s or dude ranch. ADVERTISER 2010, care
; Rural New-Yorker.

| Help Wanted

I WANTED POULTRYMAN. a man who can

■ get results and make plant pay. Have

d 2,000 layers. Must be sober and reliable and
best of references. Wages depend on success
of man. Do not answer unless you know
“ your business. LAKE DELAWARE FARMS,

, Box 150, Delhi, N. Y. *

7 WANTED — Married couple on cauliflower

• farm. Wife to do housework; no milking.

- $75 per month and board. FRANK TODD,

• Stamford, N. Y.

t — _ _ _ _

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $50 and board; write age, reference,
experience, weight, height. RARITAN

VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

YOUNG MAN for country slaughter house
in Orange County. ADVERTISER 1859,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — In New Jersey, single farmhand,
must be good milker and teamster. $40
to $50 per month, room and board. AD-
1 VERTISER 1893, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl for general housework,
strong, capable, willing. $50 per month,
good home; give references. BOX 3
- Basking Ridge, N. J.

j POULTRYMEN, (2), thoroughly experienced
single poultrymen under 45, draft exempt.
Write ADVERTISER 1902, care Rural
New-Yorker.

I HONEST, TRUSTWORTHY, single, reliable
man on poultry and farm; must be
willing worker and must cooperate. Not
drink. State wages, age, references; must
board self. ADVERTISER 1930, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man to learn fur farming. Must
-gh school> farm raised. MONTFERN
| FUR FARM, Sharon, Massachusetts.

WANTED — Experienced poultrymen for
work on breeding farm; good pay. DAVID
COHEN, Guilford Conn. Telephone 441.

CARETAKER, HANDY with tools, driver-
married. Reliable. Summer resort; steady
position. $50 monthly and rooms. YELLEN
| 8114 5th Ave., North Bergen, N. J. ’

BOY, 15 to 17, vacation work, on small
P°ultry farm. State salary. ADVERTISER
| 1964, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN TO take charge of three milk routes. !

must be experienced in care of milk and
sales. House furnished. ADVERTISER 1965
| care Rural New-Yorker.

1 WANTED — Man on farm, good milker, $50 i
a month. H. KUPPINGER, R. D. 4,
Auburn, N. Y. j

WANTED A boy. 19 years, or a good i

single young man for farm work and c
milk truck driving. Regular work year \
round. Must be honest and dependable.
Clean habits. Must have some experience ]
and able to turn out work. Wages $40 per

ar»d keep; Pennsylvania farm. AD- e
| VERTISER 1958, care Rural New-Yorker. £

FARM HAND experienced, give age, milk r

two cows, good teamster; $25 month, c
b°?,Fd- steady year around. 1
GREEN GABLES, Bradford, N. H. €

HOUSEKEEPER WANTED, one with son 1
over 16 to drive preferred, no objection I
to one or two younger children; high
school near. House with modern improve- \
ment. V. R. SLATE, Halstead, Pa.

WANTED— Woman in her 50’s, that wants r
good home in preferences to big wages. I
Man alone; nice home, country. G. R E

ANDREWS, R. D. 1, Painted Post, N. Y.

WANTED — Middleaged, single man to work

on small dairy farm. Good home for c
willing worker. $30 per month. ADVER-
j TISER 1967, care Rural New-Yorker. ' G

WANTED — Single man, to milk and make n
self generally useful. $30, room, board a
and wash to start. E. BURKE, Route 1 s

Springdale, Conn. J

FARM HAND, milker, drive team; all year v
round. ADVERTISER 1968, care Rural
[ New-Yorker. G

WANTED — Houseworker in modern country *

home; two adults; $45. CAIRN HOLLOW,

| Wallingford, Conn. ®

COOK — Boarding house or similar experi¬
ence desirable, for Catskill Mountain
resort, 40 capacity; also handyman, driver’s
license, knowledge plumbing. Protestants.
July-September. Mention salary expected.
ADVERTISER 1957, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE TO take care of small farm in
Northern New Jersey. Wife to do plain
cooking for family. Husband to care for
two cows and saddle horses. Must have
full knowledge of farming and gardening.
Private living quarters with all modern
conveniences. ADVERTISER 1973, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER, MARRIED, over 35 preferred' to
run New England farm stocked with 15
registered milkers, 20 young stock, one
team, 250 hens, 200 acres woodland and
pasture, 60 acres tillage, buildings in good
condition, separate modern farmers cottage-
steady position for reliable hard working
couple. State wages and references. ADVER¬
TISER 1978, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL, WOMAN, for general housework-
modern house. Three in family. Suburb
York City. Salary $40 month. AD¬
VERTISER 1980, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Couple, woman housekeeper-
man, general dairy-farm work. Live with
manager in furnished house with city con-
veniences. Splendid opportunity for sober,
rehable couple wanting start. Good wages.
Write full particulars. MRS. MARTIN
LIND, Auburn, N. Y.

WANTED— Young man or boy for general
farm work, good home, wages, room and
board. FRED PROEFROCK, Dry Bridge
Road, Alexander, N. Y. ' e

GENERAL HOUSE WORKER, young woman
jor general housework. Protestant. IS
with cooking and laundry, fond of country
and children. Pleasant room and surround-

WETDEll S' D MRS‘ ARCHIBALD

WELDEN, Brookdale Road, Stamford, Conn.

WANTED FARMER, raise goats, sheep, pigs

?craMO"’ Pa- p

the Adirondacks. Apply at onop m
MINNOWBROOK INN, Old Forge, N Y.

WANTED— Woman or girl for general house-

oSrSv? MRS‘ GRAZIADIO,

-cja, w xiii jl, j{j_45 * businp^c

InnnS chi,ldreP 1 3 years. No heavy

laundry or cleaning. Good home, own room
35 minutes from New York on Long Island

New^orker.ADVERTISER 1985> Care Rur^i

’OUPLE WITHOUT children; man to have

experience m dairy farming. Wife to heln

* - 7 V , uuuuieagea man, m

house and family garden on farm. Western

greennouse helper,
no experience; steady work, good pay

- - — — - — “ uidxneu Herds¬
man for registered Guernsey herd. Must

» -r - XHU UOUlWUb SAUgAC Illcill «JI gOOU

character, anxious to learn the poultry

child. Wife to feed 2 to 4 men. Man grade

farm, must be reliable, good milker and

JOSEPH

14 ROOM tourist home, fully equipped on
U. S. 1 and 460; $13,500. $5,000 cash, bal¬
ance like rent. Ill health. INDIANA INN
Petersburg, Va. ’

EXCHANGE OR sell, 6 room furnished

Summer bungalow, sanitary improvements,
etc., gas, screened porches, two lots, resi¬
dential section, Ideal Beach, New Jersey
Two blocks bathing; 35 miles New York
City, reached by train, bus and boat; want
small country home. Price $1,800. SUPT
Palisades Towers, Palisades Park, N. J. "

FOR SALE, 10% acres on Long Island; 6

room house, heated, furnished, fruit trees
garage, henhouse, grapes, shrubbery and
*a„w“s’ Jfvel land, half clear. A. F. ZEHNER,

Krt, f% Mr LOng Island Ph°M

* ° uvipci , a lUlcblalll

family, 3 adults; every convenience; $30
per month. P. O. BOX 133, Valhalla, N. Y.

CHRISTIAN WOMAN, care for widower

and five children. ARCHIE WARD, R. D
No. 1, Endicott, N. Y.

NICE TYPE farm hand as caretaker; good

with horses. Furnished cottage, light, and
$60 a month. Reference. ADVERTISER
1972, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Elderly man to care for small

house and garden. $10 month and good
home. ADVERTISER 1975, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARM HOME for Summer, for trustworthy
Protestant boy; exchange light work
Long Island. ADVERTISER U974, care Rurai
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl or woman for housework
on farm. All modern improvements. $40
per month. FRANK TODD, Stamford, N. Y.

r -*■ ) 41 AU, liciyci , glHlU iiUtllC

and $10 monthly. ADVERTISER 1989,

— ^ ^ aia AiiAc viid tt-A jr , geriiie-

man’s farm. Man, general farm work.

1,1 noiei; nonest, ■

, willing. Wages $25 month, room and board.

. nvin. uu .Larin, no mint¬

ing; capable of operating tractor. State

GIRL FOR general housework, to help

where needed; must be neat, clean, and
willing worker. Steady position. Send age
salary expected, and photo. ADVERTISER
1993, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl to help with housework-

no cooking or laundry. Nice home, own

Schwab^ 'VrRe- MRS. HARRY

kCHWARTZ, Knickerbocker Ave., Norwalk.

WANTED— Girl, 18-30, for housework and

care of baby. Nice home. Salary $45. Send
photo and references to MRS. SNYDER
Union Ave., Harrison, Ns Y.

WANTED — Experienced poultry man, $40

NeTnpaltz?dNb° Yd‘ References- S- LUTIN,

Other Advertisements of Subscribers
Exchange will he found on page 405 ,

BUFFALO CORN GLUTEN FEED
BUFFALO CORN GLUTEN FEED SWEETENED
DIAMOND CORN GLUTEN MEAL
FEEDING CORN SUGAR MOLASSES (HYDROL)

CORN PRODUCTS SALES COMPANY

NEW YORK ★ CHICAGO

FOODS

DEFENSE

# A vital phase of our Defense program embraces the
maximum production of health-giving foods. Our gov¬
ernment is now faced with the problem of supplying
Britain with sufficient dairy and other vitamin carry¬
ing products to insure their morale as well as suste¬
nance, a demand that far exceeds our own normal
requirements. At the same time the National Nutrition
Conference, recently held in Washington, marked the
beginning of a campaign to educate our own people
to use more vitamin carrying foods as part of the
Defense effort. This, too, means additional domestic
demand, and will require increased production.

In this program the intelligent, liberal and continued
feeding of concentrates to every food producing ani¬
mal on the farm is not only patriotic but profitable.
The defense of democracy calls for full and earnest
cooperation between the government, the farmer, the
processor and the distributor.

Our contribution will be to supply, at reasonable
prices, through normal channels, the important corn
by-product feeds so necessary to this program:

111

nsnnr

Strongest
Protection
Against
Fire! Storm!
Waste!
end Timel

Stop Wasteful Feeding!

The Marietta Concrete Corp.

Marietta,

Dept. R

SAVE Vi THE COST

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If you have ‘ just the remains” of
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Triple-Wall Silo! Get all the facts
on Crainelox, and present low di¬
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CRAINE, INC.

641 Taft St., Norwich, N. Y.

CRAINE w°"!r°s SILOS

Be a

VETERINARIAN

Interesting, essential profession

Excellent opportunities in Veterinary
Medicine are open to young men with
farm experience. Middlesex Univer¬
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offers 4-yr. degree (D.V.M.) course.
High - grade faculty. Experimental
stock farm. H. S. graduates admitted
to two-year pre- Veter inary course in
Junior College. Coeducational.

Other Departments of Middlesex University :

School of Medicine: 4-yr. course, M. D. de¬
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CATALOG ON REQUEST

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WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

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}6 FRONT STREET. GALESBURG, KANSAS.

Twenty Years with Pastures

(Continued From Last Issue)
Seeded Pastures

The previous article dealt with
permanent or untillable pastures.
Seeded or tillable pastures will
be discussed in this one. In
the first place, tilling and seed¬
ing usually do result in more con¬
trol of which species, strains or
varieties comprise the herbage, at
least for a few years. But to attain
even this taken-for-granted result,
the land must receive adequate
fertilization and occasional reseed¬
ing with the desired grasses and
legumes. In comparison to perma¬
nent pastures, much more attention
must be given to their management,
because most of the available better
strains will not persist long under
continuous close grazing. Geneticists
have been selecting and breeding
types that are more leafy and
tolerant of grazing but usually such
kinds bear much less seed, thus
automatically increasing the cost of
seeding them. In Europe, they are
much farther advanced in breeding
better pasture plants but due to the
great climatic difference, their best
ones do not appear very well
adapted to our hot, droughty
Summers and long, severe Winters.

Since 1930, we have conducted
tests of hundreds of species and va¬
rieties of grasses and legumes, alone
and in mixtures, but have not found
a single perennial that grows as well
in late Summer and Fall as in the
Spring and early Summer months.
This means, of course, that so far
we have failed to solve the prob¬
lem of the August “low” by either
fertilization or use of different plants.

On the brighter side, however,
there are combinations of certain
crops and methods of managing them
that are proving of great practical
value. The first and the easiest for
the average livestock farmer to put
into practice has really been widely
used for generations. I refer to
grazing the hay fields in the latter
half of the season. This method of
supplying the July-October de¬
ficiency of pasturage may be made
more effective in several ways. Be¬
cause legumes produce more feed
than grasses in that period, the first
improved practice is to maintain
more alfalfa and clovers in the
meadows. This, in turn, involves
more attention to making soil con¬
ditions Suitable for such legumes by
more widespread and liberal appli¬
cations of lime, phosphoric acid, and
also potash if large amounts of
manure, including the liquid por¬
tion, are not available. It also in¬
volves careful management so as
to avoid serious injury to stands. In
the case of alfalfa, it well to remem¬
ber that its root reserves and con¬
sequently its hardiness are lowered
by the growth of the tops up to
about the bud stage and replenished
.from then until full bloom. There¬
fore, grazing (or cutting) before
.some blooms appear will soon kill
the alfalfa. It also means that graz¬
ing in the Fall should be early
enough to permit some more growth
but not too late for sufficient growth
to replenish the partially exhausted
roots; otherwise there may be much
Winter-killing. In Connecticut, the
month of September is the period
when it is not wise to graze or mow
alfalfa. This may seem like a hard
rule but really it is a blessing in
disguise, for not only does it help
the alfalfa to live longer, but it af¬
fords grazing in October.

Among the leguminous hay plants,
red clover is an old standby, but
unfortunately it only lives through
one Winter. A perennial clover has
long been sought so that our mea¬
dows would not consist only of
grasses in the third and succeeding
seasons after seeding. Ladino clover,
the giant sister of the common white
(Dutch) clover, promises to fill that
need. In a recent three-year ex¬
periment, including Ladino in timo¬
thy-red clover seedings, increased
the total yields by a ton of hay.
Most of that increase occurred in the
second cutting (about September 1)
or at a time when some leguminous
aftermath for grazing would be a
great boon on most dairy farms.

While on the subject of Ladino
clover, it is pertinent to add that
this legume, virtually unknown in
the East in 1930, has since become
the backbone of successful pasture
programs on a great number of
Connecticut farms. It will thrive

on any soil which will grow red
clover satisfactorily and on some too
wet for that common legume. It
has lived through our coldest Winters
and driest Summers. It still occupies
up to 30 per cent of the land after
five seasons of eight lawn mowings
each and in competition with such
aggressive grasses as Rhode Island
bent and Kentucky blue. But it has
yielded more and probably will per¬
sist longer when cut or grazed higher
and less frequently. Ladino has also
produced somewhat more forage and
has suffered less heaving on wet
soils when seeded with a grass and
when not cut or grazed less than
four inches above the ground in
October.

A very satisfactory mixture for
grazing is six pounds of orchard
grass and two pounds of Ladino
clover per acre, seeded either with
oats in April, previous Fall seeded
rye in March without tillage, or
without a nursecrop from July 15
to August 20.

For the best success with orchard
grass — Ladino clover pastures, a few
rules should be followed:

1. Graze in the Spring early and
frequently enough to keep most of
the orchard grass from heading. If
this is impractical, mow for hay not
later than June 1.

2. After June 1, graze when 6-8
inches high to 3-4 inches above the
ground, then rest and repeat.

3. Topdress each acre annually
with manure (including liquid) or
with 200 pounds each of 20 per cent
superphosphate and muriate of
potash.

For extending the grazing season
at either end, the small grains have
no equals. Thus, August sown rye
or rye and barley will furnish
November and April pasturage in
Connecticut. For early Spring seed¬
ing, oats, barley or a mixture of
both will be ready to graze by June
15-20 just when permanent pastures
begin to fall off in production. It has
been found that if the small grains
are grazed before they head, grasses
and legumes seeded with them, suc¬
ceed better than when harvested for
either hay or grain. Of course, for
a good growth, these small grains re¬
quire nitrogen and this is also true
of the hot weather annuals — Sudan
grass and millet — which, for those
who haven’t alfalfa or clovers for
mid-Summer grazing, will furnish
pasture from four to six weeks after
a June first seeding. Sudan grass is
more intolerant of deep covering and
dry soil than millet and poor stands
may result if covered over one inch
deep. Even if the top soil is very
dry, it is better to cover lightly and
take a chance on the occurrence of
rain.

The question of acreage of this,
that or the other kind of pasturage
necessary for a given number of
livestock is one frequently given
little attention. Too often, maximum
yields in favorable seasons are used
in any such calculations. It seems
much better to have some extra, yes
even wasted, pasture in the good years
than not enough in the bad ones.
After all, unused pasturage hasn’t
taken labor for harvesting and be¬
sides, the next year’s yield is likely
to be larger because of the rest.

As a rough guide, the following
are suggested as the acreage of
pasturage for ten cows:

Plan Number 1. — Ten acres of im¬
proved permanent pasture plus the
second and third leguminous hay
crops from another ten acres.

Plan Number 2. — Ten acres per¬
manent pasture plus ten acres Spring
seeded oats, orchard grass and
Ladino clover.

Plan Number 3. — Ten acres of
permanent pasture plus four acres
of June 1 seeded Sudan grass plus
eight acres of August planted rye
and barley.

Plan Number 4. — Ten acres of
orchard grass and Ladino clover,
with the probable surplus of May and
June cut for hay or silage and used
to supplement the grazing in late
Summer and Fall.

Permanent pasture is prominent in
three of the four plans. It deserves
this prominence because, in spite of
its shortcomings, there is little
doubt it supplies feed at the lowest
possible cost. There is also little
doubt that practically any scheme
of obtaining pasturage will provide
feed much cheaper than in harvested
roughages and particularly less than
in grains. B. A. Brown

<a — r* z
ri -I — *
•ax

-it***

c- 1» *

L4 *<

3J Z

K> •
Ln

Chopping Grass into the Silo with Molasses Mixture

Vol. C.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.,
333 W. 30th St., New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

July 12, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936, at the Post NT/-. C C A7
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1379. *sO. O /

410

<P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 12, 1941

Weeds — A Nationa

T has been estimated that weeds
cost the farmers of the United
States $3,000,000,000 annually.
This amount is greater than
the combined loss caused by
insects and plant and live¬
stock diseases. Those who plan to make their
living on the farm can ill afford to ignore
this enormous tax.

The sum mentioned may seem rather large

Dodder Growing on Red Clover.

at first thought but when one stops to con¬
sider the many ways in which weed losses
manifest themselves, it is a conservative esti¬
mate. Not only do weeds reduce crop yields
and quality of produce but add greatly to
the labor bill. It can be said that if it were
not for weeds, the farmer’s job would be a
comparatively easy one. There would be little
cultivation necessary and crops would grow
unmolested once they were planted, until
harvest time. There is also a factor to con¬
sider, which has not been clearly brought to
mind by many of us, and that is that certain
weeds definitely reduce land values. So
serious have weeds become in some states
that . they have undermined the financial
structure of farming. Loan companies have,
in many cases, refused to lend money on
weed infested farms.

There are numerous weeds, in fact hundreds
of them, that cause concern. The ones to be
considered first are those which are most de¬
structive to crops and most difficult to eradi¬
cate. Perennial weeds that spread by both
roots and weeds are the most threatening.
Once they are introduced onto the farm they
are a potential source of infestation for the
entire community. A few of the outstanding
perennial weeds that have proved their
dangers in many states are field bindweed,

By Oliver C. Lee

Canada thistle, Johnson grass and perennial
sow thistle. A knowledge of these weeds and
the application of the most effective methods
of eradication will help to reduce the weed
loss and prevent their further spread.

Field bindweed resembles the common
morning glory. The leaves are smaller, how¬
ever, and more distinctly arrow-shaped. The
bell-shaped flowers, approximately one inch
in diameter, are white or pinkish white with
pink margins at the base. The trailing stems
usually attain a length of from two to four
feet, have a twisting habit and climb on
nearby objects. It is a perennial with an ex¬
tensive root stalk system. Applying' sodium
chlorate at the rate of five pounds per square
rod is the most practical method of eradi¬
cation for small patches. Clean cultivation
and the use of smother crops will help to
hold it in check but at present cannot be
recommended as a sure method of control. It
will pay well for farmers to guard against
the introduction and spread of this weed.

Canada . thistle has spiny leaves. It varies
in height from two to six feet. The flowers
are purple, changing to a silvery white upon
maturity. Because of its spread by creeping
root stalks, it is usually found growing in
patches. The seeds are oblong, light brown
in color and equipped with a downy para¬
chute for wind dissemination.

Small patches of Canada thistle can be
eradicated by spraying with sodium chlorate
or by persistent hoeing. Clean cultivation
followed by a cultivated crop or use of alfalfa

Canada Thistle.

as a smother crop are practical methods of
control for large areas where spraying may
be too expensive. Cutting thistles before they
mature will help to check their spread.

Johnson grass often grows to a height of
ten feet, with stout stems, broad leaves and
a widely branching seedhead that is reddish
brown when mature. It resembles Sudan grass
but is a perennial producing numerous heavy,
underground rootstalks. The seeds are reddish
brown and covered with hairs. Applying
sodium chlorate at the rate of three pounds
per square rod or careful digging out of roots
are practical methods for eradicating small
patches. Large areas may be eradicated by
persistant cultivation during the latter part
of the Summer. The practice of sowing in¬
fested fields to wheat, plowing immediately
after harvest and keeping all top growth
down by cultivation during July, August and
September has proved effective if followed
for two successive years. Johnson grass is
found mostly on river bottom land where the
seeds are scattered by high water. It is there¬
fore essential that every effort be made to
destroy plants before seed matures.

Perennial sowthistle usually grows to a
height of from two to five feet, has hollow,

1 Menace

tender stems with milky juice. The flowers
are bright yellow, resembling those of the
dandelion, and form at the top of the branches.
The basal leaves are distinctly lobed while
those along the stems are notched and smaller.
It is perennial, has running root stalks and
therefore usually grows in patches. The seeds
are reddish brown, oblong, deeply grooved
and equipped with a downy parachute for
wind dissemination. Applying sodium chlorate

Johnson Grass.

at the rate of four pounds per square rod or
persistent hoeing are practical methods of
eradicating large areas. When this method is
used, the area should be plowed in the Spring
and cultivated often enough to keep down
top growth. Plants growing in waste places
should be clipped before they mature.

In addition to perennial weeds, there is at
least one other which should be mentioned
and that is dodder, because of the danger it
does in clover, alfalfa and lespedeza fields.
Dodder is a parasitic plant. The tender vines
have a twinning habit of growth, are yellow
in color, with small white or greenish white
flowers forming in clusters. Dodder does not
have leaves or roots. Seedlings produced from
germinating seeds attach themselves to the
host plant and feed through tendrils. When
patches of dodder are found in a field, the
area should be burned before seeds mature.
Straw or oil sprinkled over the infestation will
aid in burning. When entire fields are in¬
fested, the area should be plowed in early
Summer. The use of clover seed is essential
to prevent the introduction of dodder. It
should be kept in mind, even though dodder
is an annual, it is difficult to eradicate be¬
cause the seeds often remain in the soil for
several years.

Field Bindweed.

Perennial Sowthistle.

<P* RURAL NEW. YORKER

By Haydn S. Pearson

Back in 1768, a band of pioneers followed
up the valley of the winding, boulder strewn
Pemigewasset River until they came to a
fertile, narrow valley, 12 miles above the
present town of Franklin, N. H. In the
pleasant location they found wias established
the village of Hill.

Today it is a typical picturesque New
England town. The one, long, main street is
shaded by huge, old elms. The houses are
set well back from the street. There’s the
white village church with its spire and church
bell that rings out the hours; the village
school and playground; a few stores, a garage
or two, and three small, woodworking in¬
dustries.

And in a few months water will cover it
all with the exception of one of the factories
which happens to be located on high ground
outside the village!

It was in the Summer of 1939 that the
people of the village heard the startling news
that a Federal Flood Control dam was to be
built 12 miles downstream at Franklin Falls!
The water was to be backed up and form a
long lake in the valley. It would completely
inundate the village of Hill.

The first reaction was understandable and
very human. The people were angry and
dismayed. It was hard to reconcile the im¬
personal power of a central government in
far-away Washington that would say, “The
Merrimac River floods must be controlled.
To do it, there must be stop dams on the
tributaries that feed it. For the good of
the many there shall be a dam at
Franklin Falls.”

This was the situation that Summer of
1939. And as soon as the shock of the
news wore off, the people of Hill began
to face facts. Their village was doomed;
the Federal government would pay what
it considered a fair valuation for the
properties of the villagers. The people
would have to move somewhere. In
general, terms, the people had a choice of
two alternatives. They could move away
— anywhere they wished; anywhere they
felt they could start over and make a
living. Or they could bulid a new Hill,
a new village.

Meetings were held in true New England
fashion. Arguments pro and con were given
and listened to. It was a “flowering of demo¬
cracy,” for from the frank facing of facts, a
plan emerged which had the support of a
large majority.

Briefly, the people who were going to lose
their homes decided to build a new village.
They decided to make it a practical, “model”
town. Since they had two or three years,
they decided to go slowly and make careful
plans.

With a capitalized public opinion, the town
selectmen decided to ask the advice of the
New Hampshire Planning and Development
Commission at Concord. The selectmen waited
plans for a new village prepared by experts.
The Commission went to work, and lines of
action were prepared.

But in order to meet legal needs, the Hill
Village Improvement Association was organ¬
ized. That first Fall, 66 out 88 village families
expressed the conviction that with the money
received from the government as pay for their
old homes they could build new ones. With
the help of the Commission, the Improvement
Association bought the site of the new village
to the west and on higher ground.

It should be emphasized that the associa¬
tion is really the people of Hill. The board of
directors is composed of the three town
selectmen and seven directors elected by the
people. It has been an excellent way to
function in terms of needs and as representa¬
tives of the people’s wishes. The directors
may have achieved a “dream town,” as some
have described it. But it has been a practical,
down-to-earth Yankee dream!

Financially, money had to be raised to
buy the new site and put in the necessary
utilities, and build a town house and
school. Villagers bought stock at $20 a
share to pay for surveying, clearing of
titles and similar work. Banks advanced
$8,000 on a character loan basis. The
association will retire the loans from the
sale of lots. It is interesting to realize
that within nine months from the forma¬
tion of the association, all except nine
lots of the original pur¬
chase were sold or had
been taken under option.

The new village, with
its dozen houses com¬
pleted, several more under
construction, with its town
houses and village school
completed, is built around
a careful plan. First of
all, the state highway
which now goes through
the center of the village,
will pass to one side of
the new town. The town
street system is curved to
fit the topographical lines
of the land.

The village shopping
center is concentrated in
one area along a town
street parallel to the state

Top: Looking North toward Civic Center in
Hill, New Hampshire.

Above: Typical new home occupied by Dana
Round, town clerk.

Left: The new school at Hill.

Below: A street by the school house. All
streets will be curved for both looks and

economy.

highway, but sepa¬
rated from the main
highway by 100 feet
of grass plot. The
stores will then get
both village and
traffic trade. At one
point this roadside
park widens out to
give a pleasant
view of the village
common and a
pond. This has been
labelled the town’s
‘show window.”

The town build¬
ing a town hall
achieves economy

by combining space ,

for town hall, library, selectmen’s office,
kitchen and dining hall for community
affairs, and a garage to house the town truck
and fire engine.

Mains and conduits are under grass strips
between pavement and sidewalk, eliminating
expense in ripping up cement or asphalt in
case of repairs. It is significant of careful
planning that with the new, curved streets,
whereas two and one-half miles of town
street is being abandoned in the old village,
only a mile and a quarter of new street is
be being added.

Lots average one-half acre each in the
new town. The water supply comes from
gravel-packed wells and gives more pressure
and hence better fire protection than the old
reservoir. The school playground and the

town playfield will be outstanding models
when completed.

A zoning commission was elected to safe¬
guard the plans. Their rules are sensible and
practical as one would expect. The plans for
each new home have to be approved by the
Commission. The new houses to date average
$4,500 each. A few of the better houses from
the old site may be moved to the new location.
All new houses to date are single homes,
though some two family houses may be
erected to provide lower rents for those who
need them. The spirit of the town is by no
means to crowd out those who do not have
a certain level of income. Folks in New
Hampshire don’t do things that way.

The two factories mentioned will move to
the outskirts (Continued on Page 412)

New England Village
Pioneers Ag,ain

. : :j

412

Vht RURAL NEW-YORKER

Vegetable

PLANTS

CABBAGE PLANTS: grown from YELLOWS RE¬
SISTANT SEED. Grows good crops where others fail.
Golden Acre, Marion Market, Allhead Select, Wis.
Allseason, Globe and Wis. Ballhead.

TOMATO: John Baer, Stokesdale, Scarlett Topper.
Marglobe, Rutgers and Stone.

We Pay Transportation

Parcel Post
or Express

Cabbage . . $0.50

Tomato . 50

Pepper . 60

Sweet Potato . 60

Broccoli, Lettuce & Beets

C. E. FIELD PLANT FARM

SEWELL, NEW JERSEY, Location Barnsboro

100

500

1000

5000

$0.50

$1.40

$1.90

$7.50

.50

1.40

1.90

7.50

.60

2.00

3.50

16.25

.60

2.00

3.50

15.00

1 .50

1.50

2.40

10.00

YORKWIN WHEAT (white)
NURED WHEAT (red)
FORWARD WHEAT (red)

RYE and other seasonal seeds for
August and September sowing.
Headquarters for Quality Farm Seeds.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGROWER

Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

PLANTS

Cabbage .

Cauliflower .

Brussel Sprouts . . .

Broccoli .

Collard .

Tomato .

ALL LEADING VARIETIES

100

postage
prepaid
..$0.55
.. 1.00
.. .55

.. .60
.. .55

.. .60

500

postage
prepaid
$1.40
4.00
1.50
2.00
1.40
1.50

1000

postage

prepaid

$1.85

6.00

2.50

3.00

1.85

2.00

1000

F.O.B.

$1.00

5.50
1.75

1.50
1.00
1.25

Plants grown from selected seed stock: all plants care¬
fully packed in Live Moss. We guarantee good delivery.

Send for Free Catalogue of Seeds and Plants.
OROL LEDDEN & SONS, Sewell, N. J.
Largest Growers & Shippers of Vegetable Plants in N.J.

Clean and Grade
Your Own Seed
with a VAC-A-WAY

Standard equipment, 12
screens for wheat, oats,
corn, timothy, rye. bar¬
ley, soybeans, clover,
alfalfa, etc. Ball-bearing
fan-shaft, bronze cams.
Three models, hand oper¬
ated, electric motor and
gasoline engine drive.
Good capacity. See your
dealer or write for details,

J. W. HANCE MFG. CO.
Westerville, Ohio

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

Millions of people
have read and en¬
joyed this capti¬
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language. It makes
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the answer for the
age-old problem of
poverty amidst
plenty; it shows
how democracy alone can provide the

abundant life; it is the answer to all

forms of collectism.

HOME STUDY COURSE
in Fundamental Economics
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you ’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal." See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

A Plan for the Fruit and
Vegetable Industry

Part II

The most logical method then of
solving this problem is by the form¬
ing of small local cooperative groups
made up primarily and predomin¬
ately of producers, but including
shippers, canners, receivers, and
chain store representatives. The
organization must be loosely knit
because it is necessary to work
slowly from the bottom up and not
from the top down. It must also be
democratic with membership and at¬
tendance entirely voluntary and
made up, at least 75 to 80 per cent,
of producers. Meetings could be held
once a month with the purpose of
getting the producers together on
common ground with the representa¬
tives of the various factors in our
distributive system to talk over and
discuss mutual problems, learn some¬
thing of the trouble besetting the
other fellow, and attempt to arrive
at a more intelligent and complete
understanding of methods for the
general betterment of agricultural
conditions and prices.

About three years ago an organi¬
zation known as the Northeastern
Vegetable and Potato Council was
formed with New York City as its
monthly meeting place. This group
was formed by producers and groups
of producers as its regular voting
members, but also included shippers,
receivers, chain store representatives
and government men as associate
members with no power to vote. The
primary reason for the formation
of this Council was to coordinate
the work being accomplished by
many small producer groups, such
as the Newark Vegetable Growers,
the New Haven Vegetable Growers,
etc. All of these groups were doing
a fine job as far as they went, but
each was undertaking an individual
work, and it seemed advisable to
gather the ends together so that a
combination of all could bring about
more far reaching results from these
various individual accomplishments.
It was also felt that by inviting in
representatives of the various cogs
of our distributing scheme, it would
be possible to come to a more com¬
plete understanding of the problems
confronting each other and thus far
more intelligent conclusions could be
reached. Furthermore, by inviting in
these previously mentioned associate
members, expert opinion would be
readily available at every meeting
to assist in arriving at more definite
and exact decisions on any problems
which might arise. As a result, the
Northeastern Vegetable and Potato
Council is far stronger now than
ever before, and its accomplishments
are extremely numerous and far
reaching. Its members have profited
not only financially, but also spirit¬
ually, and they are one of the most
enthusiastic groups one could ever
desire to meet.

Because of his membership in this
Council, Mr. Joseph Robson, Robson
Seed Farms, Hall, N. Y. realized the
numerous possibilities that were held
out by smaller local organizations of
this type and therefore called to¬
gether a small representative group
composed of six producers, two
shippers, and one canner. The pro¬
posed plan was outlined to an audi¬
ence which to some extent was
skeptical. They maintained that
farmers never cooperated, never
would, and that the shippers, can¬
ners, and receivers would use any
information learned in such meet¬
ings to the disadvantage of the
growers. That was the first reaction.
However, as the discussion proceed¬
ed, the ice was broken. Several of
the men began talking about the
wide divergence in prices offered for
the same commodity by various
canners. They found it difficult to
understand why one canner could
on the same day offer anywhere
from $5 to $10 a ton more for beets
than another one. Then the canner
explained that occasionally canners
are caught with supplies insufficient
to fill future orders, and that when¬
ever this occurs, it is absolutely bind¬
ing upon them to fill the orders,
regardless of losses which may en¬
sue. Consequently, each canner
who has such an order is forced to
go out and purchase a quantity large
enough to take care of his needs. In
order to accomplish this, particularly
when several canners have been
caught in the same predicament, they
go out and offer whatever price is
sufficiently attractive to induce the

grower to sell. Consequently, the
market is sometimes raised to false
and divergent levels by canners in
distress, who must buy despite a
high price or loss to themselves.

With the sod thus broken, others
began to discuss problems with
which they had been confronted,
they talked over the possibility of
persuading the canners to set their
beet contract price at a level which
would at least give the farmers cost
of production. The canners showed
a sincere desire to be cooperative
in this effort. But the question im¬
mediately arose as to the average
cost of producing a ton of beets. No
one knew the answer and so some¬
one suggested that a production
specialist, be secured for the next
meeting to give more complete data
on this subject. Right here then, the
real change' in attitude had taken
place. Already, the skeptical ones
were beginning to think in terms
of cooperative effort and, possibly
without realizing it, were, making
plans for the future of this organi¬
zation.

Now this is just one instance of
one particular group which got to¬
gether recently in the small village
of Hall, N. Y. But from the concepts
of the purposes of this organization,
let us consider some of the unusual
advantages and possibilities held in
store for us by organizations of this
character. In the first place, the
principal thought upon which this
whole idea is based admits and
recognizes the need for cooperative
work upon the part of all factors to¬
gether with a “live and let live”
attitude. In the past, a great many
producer - improvement movements
have fallen by the wayside because
the predominant notion was to knock
down the old order along with every¬
one in it and start something en¬
tirely new and different. This un¬
fortunately is a decidedly false
premise for the very simple reason
that we do need all the experience
available in the industry, and es¬
pecially that of the shippers. They
are the men who in most instances
are closest to the farmer and the
markets. From long years of ship¬
ping they are best able to advise
regarding packages and methods of
packing, but most important, what
the farmer should and should not
grow. Many producers plant what
they want to plant with the idea
that the markets have taken the
stuff before, and they will again.
They do not realize that there is a
definite consumer demand lor speci¬
fic products, and that the consumer
wants what he wants and nothing
else. In this case the consumer might
be likened to a small child who
wants a certain thing to eat, and if
he doesn’t get it, he will go without.
The average consumer is nearly as
finicky, and if he should be enticed
into buying it, will pay for it at a
proportionate price. Another factor
which some producers consistently
overlook is that a consumer wants
what he buys and pays for and if
he buys a peck of U. S: No. 1
potatoes, he doesn’t expect No. 2s
or culls.

There is therefore a broad field
for this organization to work in co¬
operation with people who know and
understand what the consumer
wants. It is an educational program,
not only to suggest to the farmer
the type of produce he should grow,
but also to assist him in growing it.
Another factor of vital importance
is a more complete understanding
of each other’s problems. The ship¬
per, canner, and receiver all have a
great many difficulties to surmount,
of which the producer knows prac¬
tically nothing, and vice versa. As
a matter of fact, it often seems that
the growers give the men on the
other end credit for far greater in¬
telligence than they merit.

Edward S. Dixon

July 12, 1941

New England Village Pio¬
neers Again

(Continued from Page 411)
of the new village and continue to
produce dowels, chair parts, mattress
needle, crutches and canes.

It is a grand and heartening ex¬
ample of twentieth century pioneer¬
ing and social planning. It is a small
example, to be sure, but the careful
groundwork, and the democratic
methods used, show what can be
done when a community is faced
with a problem.

A good summary is this quotation
from the New Hampshire Taxpayer
of December 15, 1940. “The town
has demonstrated that in taking ad¬
vantage of new ideas in community
development, it is not necessary to
sacrifice one bit in town meeting
procedure. Securing the facts through
the aid of trained counsel, the people
then made their decisions in town
meeting based on facts thus ac¬
curately obtained. The new town
of Hill, quiet, attractive, inexpensive
to operate, didn’t just happen. It
was made to happen, by the com¬
bined effort of the individual men
and women of the community, who
stayed with their * problem and
patiently thought it through.”

Steuben County News

Interest is being displayed in the
cabbage crop that will be grown on
the farm of Griffin and Rushmore,
Long Island potato growers, who
last year purchased a farm on Pine
Hill. They have sown an acre of seed
and reports state that they plan to
grow about 35 acres of cabbage. As
this will be the first time cabbage
has ever been raised in any quantity
in that vicinity, the results will be
of interest.

Hatcheries in the southern part
of the County report that due to the
increased demand for chicks they are
continuing to operate until the first
of July instead of ending their sea¬
son on June 15 as has been the
practice. Providing the orders con¬
tinue, they plan to fill them until
the 15th of July. Eggs are selling
on the local markets at from 20 to
25 cents per dozen.

The first Artificial Breeding Asso¬
ciation calf in Western New York
belongs to Robert Van Wagnen of Mt.
Morris and was born to his 4-H cow,
a purebred Guernsey. The second
calf born in the Livingston County
Club was a Holstein born to a grade
cow in the herd of C. Wynn Hanna,
Hemlock.

Grape growers in this County are
being urged to be on the lookout for
the grape berry moth that last year
caused so much damage to the grape
crop. First signs may easily be de¬
tected by the webbing that appears
on the blossom cluster, and steps
should be taken to combat the pest
immediately that this sign appears.
Two periods when the moth is most
easily taken care of are shortly after
the blossom appears when the cater¬
pillars of the berry moth are feeding
on the stems and young fruit, fol¬
lowed by a second treatment in about
ten days or two weeks. The second
period is in the latter part of July
or the first of August and varies in
different parts of the State.

New York m. b. b.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JULY 12, 1941
FARM TOPICS

Plan for Fruit and Vegetable Industry

Part II . 412

Countryman’s Journal . 415

Roadside Stands . 415

North Country News . 421

Rambling Along at Long Acres . 428

HORTICULTURE

Weeds — A National Menace . 410

Fertilize Strawberries in Summer . 412

Horticultural Notes . 413

Budding Old Peach Trees . 414

Ruralisms . 414

Signal Letters in Box Car Size . 417

Growing Alfalfa . 421

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Mr. Cladakis Speaks Out . 416

Milk and Cream Supply . 416

Milk and Dairy Notes . 417

Veterinarians Should Cooperate . 417

Lamb Feeding Methods . 418

Lame Cow . 419

Small Litter . 419

Calf Scours; Orphan Pigs . . 419

Boarding Ponies . .i . 419

WOMAN AND HOME

Crochet Contest for the Women . 416

The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest... 424

4-H Camp in Washington . . 424

Fill the Cans . 424

Jelly and Canning Helps . 424

For Your Guest Room . 425

Quick Picnic Meals . 425

Those Elderberries . 425

Canning Tomatoes With Corn . 425

Handicrafters-Gardeners . 425

THE HENYARD

Cannibalism in Growing Flocks . 420

MISCELLANEOUS

New England Village Pioneers Again.. 411
A Lesson in Depravity . 416

Publisher’s Desk . !!!!!! 426

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

413

Horticultural Notes

— By H. B. Tukey =

With regard to the new methyl
bromide treatment of picked fruit for
codling moth and for brown rot,
Claypool and Claypool and Hewitt
of the University of California report
in the Blue Anchor : “The value of
methyl bromide as an insecticide
must be recognized as a very im¬
portant aid to the pear grower when
conditions are such that invisible
worms are present to an extent that
interferes with the sale of the fruit.
It is of further aid to uniform ripen¬
ing of early picked fruit which,
while complying with the state
standards, is relatively immature . . .
Methyle bromide may be of some
value as a fungicide but in concen¬
trations and exposure times which
can be safely used on fruit, it has
no value. This would preclude any
hopes of using it on such fruits as
cherries, apricots, peaches, nectar¬
ines, and plums as a means of re¬
ducing brown rot or other kinds of
decay during storage, in transit or
on the markets.”

* * #

The Food and Drug Administration
earlier in the season expressed the
opinion that the berry box con¬
taining a raised bottom is in viola¬
tion of the provision of the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of
June 25, 1938, in that it is judged
to be misleading. Authorities in
California have ruled that if the
raised-bottom box has notches cut
in the sides at the bottom so as to
show the raised portion, it will be
allowed. Latest rulings are that the
present supply of raised-bottom
boxes will be permitted to be used

The most serious damage to
Middle Western orchards from the
early Fall freeze of 1940 is given
in a news letter of the Missouri
State Horticultural Society as in
those areas north of a line running
from Wichita, Kansas, through
Kansas City, Missouri, to about
Keokuk, Iowa. Considerable damage
is found south of this line, as far
south as a line from Calhoun County,
Illinois, through Hannibal to Boon-
ville, Missouri, and on thi'ough Joplin,
Missouri. Estimates of permanent
damage to apple trees vary from 40
to 100 per cent. Peach, cherry, and
plum trees in the worst area were
killed 100 per cent excepting for
some very young trees and a few
hai’dy plum varieties. Many families
have lost their only means of farm
income. This applies especially to
the best fruit men in the area.
Neither the oldest nor the youngest
trees were worst injured, but rather
those between 7 and 14 years of
age — in short, those in vigorous
condition and receiving good grow¬
ing attention.

* * * *

Studies with Vitamin Bl and nico¬
tinic acid on Spring oats and to¬
matoes in England merely reaffirm
the results of other experiments in
other parts of the world and indi¬
cate no response from these two
widely advertised materials on fast¬
growing crops like oats and tomatoes.

* * * *

Dr. Cruess of California is credited
with the statement that even though
the United States annually consumes
4.6 gallons of canned and bottled
fruit juices per capita, the saturation
point has not been reached. He sees
possibilities in the use of “tart juices
as table beverages, in much the same
way that dry wines are used.” He
feels that flash pasteurization of
juices in sealed cans is a great im¬
provement and he thinks that fruit
juices in carbonated drinks deserve
attention.

# Jfc %

Darwin’s theory of evolution and
the survival of the fittest is known
to everyone these days. Darwin
published his Origin of Species in
1859 — less than a hundred years ago.
It was held startling and revolution¬
ary, which it was. Now in some
historical research it appears that
the idea of natural selection is it¬
self very old. First is a reference to
a writer, Empedocles, in Greece
400 B. C., who described natural
selection. Then between 99 and 55
B. C., another writer, Lucretius, told

how nature preserves certain types
and eliminates others. Between that
time and the time of Darwin there
are nearly two score references to
evolution and natural selection.

si: sfc jfc %

Preliminary reports from Cali¬
fornia give the pear prospects as
lighter than those of last year, of
peaches as slightly shorter than last
year, and of plums as about the same
as last year.

* * * *

How great has been the impact
of war upon British agriculture is
well illustrated by a hurried glance
through Agriculture, the journal of
the British Ministry of Agriculture.
A tractor mower is advertised as a
“front line” mower, and another ad¬
vertisement reminds “you have been
warned that increasing demands are
to be made on the industry,” while
still another says “The Ministry of
Agriculture wishes farmers to dress
all seed corn with organic mer¬
curials.” Then come articles on such
timely subjects as “ploughing grass
without reducing livestock” . . .
“milk production under the rationing
scheme”. . .“potato growing in new
areas” . . . “agricultural contract

work in war time” . . . “farming
light land in war time”. . .“wire-
worms and newly - ploughed grass
land” . . . “feeding pigs on lawn
grass” . . . and so on. Hardly
horticultural, perhaps, but having an
implication that can be translated
very easily.

$ ^ $

Some records of actual ladder
accidents in western orchards as re¬
ported by R. C. Barr in the Blue
Anchor are: trying to reach out too
far for the fruit, lowering the ladder
improperly, incorrect placement of
ladder, no rope between third leg
and rung of ladder so that ladder
slipped on hard ground, and climb¬
ing too high and leaning too far off
balance. A regular check-up of
ladders each season was given by
one operator as essential to the pre¬
vention of accidents.

H* ¥ V sf*

Continuing the discussion of borax
for apple trees, the Australian work¬
ers report that excessive applications
of borax as top-dressing affects ad¬
versely the storage quality of Jona¬
than apples, increasing the amount
of internal breakdown. Applications
of one-half pound per tree resulted
in no injury, but applications of one
pound, and especially three pounds,
per tree were harmful. Not only was
the keeping quality of th£ fruit
affected, but the leaves of trees re¬
ceiving excessive amounts of borax
were small and papery with symp¬
toms of scorching. On the other
hand, spraying with one-tenth per
cent and even one-fourth per cent
borax in combination with the usual
spray mixtures produced no harm¬
ful effects.

•f* -i*

A survey of hotels, restaurants,
and other commercial establish¬
ments in Minneapolis and St. Paul
reported by J. D. Winter rates the
Haralson, Joan, Wedge, Minnesota
396, and Minnesota 790 apples as
outstanding for baking when used in
their proper season. Wedge and
Minnesota 790 were found fully
equal to Rome Beauty for this pur¬
pose, and Haralson and Wedge were
of outstanding quality for general
culinary uses. Wealthy, Jonathan,
Patten Greening, and Perkins were
of exceptional value for pie and
sauce, while Delicious was rated as
of no value for culinary use.
Curiously enough McIntosh, too was
listed as of no value for either bak¬
ing or for pie or sauce, a rating
which would not meet with the
tastes of many eastern fanciers of
McIntosh.

* * * *

Reports of business show wages
reaching or passing an all-time high,
and with the suggestion that there
may be a shortage of manufactured
goods available to buy. This has
led some horticultural leaders to
wonder whether horticulture and the
gardening interests may not be the
best medium for absorption of such
funds and may not receive some¬
thing of a spurt.

WHY

GOOD TRACTORS ARE
NOT GOOD ENOUGH

There are plenty of good trac¬
tors on the market.

Famous names you have come to
respect for quality and good workman¬
ship have been building you good
power plants on wheels.

You have plenty of good tractors to
choose from ... if you just want to
pull the same old tools the same old way.

Point is that seven farmers out of
eight apparently have decided that
pulling the old tools the old way, even
with very good tractors to choose from,
isn’t good business. Anyway, they
haven’t bought tractors.

If this Ford Tractor with
Ferguson System was just
another tractor, we would not be in
the business.

This new system is radically differ¬
ent. It has an in-built principle that is
utterly new to farming. There is no
longer any point in comparing tractors;
the real comparison is results.

The Ferguson System applies power
to unit -mounted tools so efficiently that
this small machine, using little fuel, does
the work of the ordinary big tractor. It
does all the work a horse can do, and
it does it cheaper, quicker, and better.

This message is written for the
seven farmers out of eight who
have waited to mechanize their farms
until something really modern came
along. The great forward step in farm
machinery is the Ferguson System.

The next step is for you to put
it to work for you. A dealer near
you is ready to demonstrate with¬
out obligation.

The Ford Tractor with Ferguson System is sold nationally by the
Ferguson -Sherman Manufacturing Corporation, Dearborn, Mich.,
and distributed through dealers in every part of the country.

Even an eight-year-old boy can handle with ease a
Ford Tractor with Ferguson Implements. Finger-tip
hydraulic control overcomes all the drudgery usually
associated with plowing, cultivating and mowing.

With the Ferguson mower, square corners can be cut
in the smallest fields, without using the brake or
stopping the tractor.

414

7h* RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 12, 1941

Greensboro peach tree top-worked in Summer of 1940 and photographed
in June 1941, showing strong growth of new buds.

Greensboro peach tree top-worked to Golden Jubilee in Summer of 1938,
and bearing a fair crop of peaches when photographed in June 1941.

Budding Old Peach Trees

When we planted our peach
orchard seven years ago we did not
know the good varieties of peaches
we know today. Through a mistake
on my part I got about 250 to 300
Greensboro, but people do not want
clingstones any more. The matter
was put to me as to whether we
could not bud these trees over. We
tried it and have had wonderfully
good results. Three years ago we
budded 250 trees and they have done
so well that we budded 200 more
last Summer. In two years’ time
the new buds made branches taller
than myself and carrying a lot of fruit
buds. The second Summer we picked
a few peaches.

Our method has been to pick out
the most desirable leader branches,
6 to 10 in number for trees having
a trunk diameter of 3 to 4 inches.
Place two buds on the upper side
of each limb, about three feet from
the main crotch. By putting the
buds on the upper side in this way,
a better union seems to be secured.
The buds should be 3 to 4 inches
apart.

Fasten the buds securely with
raffia or with narrow tape — we have
used ordinary black tape successfully
but there is special grafting tape for
this purpose which you can buy on
the market. Do not, of course, cover
the small bud or “eye” itself. If one
person goes ahead and prepares the
trees, a second person places the
buds, and a third puts on the tape,
you can work over a lot of trees
in a day. After three weeks or so,
cut the ties so that the bud will
not be strangled by the growing
branch crowding against the tie.

The following Spring, after the
ground has thawed, saw limbs off
next to the outside bud, and cover
the wound with grafting wax. If
both buds show life, it is a good
policy to remove the inside bud

after the new branches have grown
4 to 6 inches.

When I drive over the country¬
side I am surprised to see the num¬
ber of old peach trees. I believe the
time is here when we must continue
to give a lot of our trees the final
treatment of one last “pruning,” in
other words, eliminate old varieties
and old trees and get the most out
of the trees we have left.

New York • C. F. Beck

Fertilize Strawberries in
Summer

The strawberry plant, like most
perennials, stores organic matter or
food during the latter part of the
growing season or Fall, and uses up
these foods in Spring and early
Summer in producing leaves, flowers,
fruits and runners. Nitrogen fertil¬
izer applied at any season produces
larger plants, but fertilizer added in
the Spring to the plants that were
in good condition the Fall before,
does not increase the fruit crop.
Only if the plants lacked nitrogen
in the Fall, will an application of
fertilizer in the Spring help produce
a larger yield of berries.

So experience has taught me that
the best time to fertilize strawberry
plants is during the Summer or very
early Fall, (say September). If ap¬
plied in Summer, it should be done
soon after the bearing season is over
and runners are growing to make
the new stand of plants. w. H. h.

„ Virginia

Books for Home Gardeners

Everybody’s Garden,

F. A. Waugh . $3.50

Garden Guide,

A. T. De La Mare . . . 2.00

Practical Tomato Culture,

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

RURALISMS

Daffodils That Fail to Flower. —
Every year we receive complaints
of daffodil buds that dry up and
wither without opening. The trouble
is more likely to appear with
double sorts, like the double Poeticus
or Incomparabilis, but sometimes
singles are affected also. The exact
cause of this trouble is not known,
though we believe it is now being
investigated by plant pathologists.
We have always considered the
trouble due to unfavorable soil and
location, since with us it has always
occurred in a dry spot, sometimes
where there is shade from adjacent
shrubs. Most probably the competi¬
tion for food and water has more to
do with ' it than shade; for our
daffodils often do well where there
is shade part of the day. Good bulbs
with sufficient space do not suffer
in reasonably congenial soil. When
daffodils are left undisturbed for
several years they make such a close
mass of new bulbs that only the
strongest can bloom, even where
there is a fair supply of food and
moisture. Where bloom has been
disappointing we would advise lift¬
ing the bulbs when the leaves have
yellowed and dried; store until
October, and then replant the large
bulbs in rich well-prepared soil.
They need good drainage, but the
soil should not be dry and arid.
We sort out the small bulbs, and
set them in a corner of the wild
garden, where there is moisture and
partial shade; in two or three seasons
they are strong flowering bulbs that
can be set in more conspicious places.

The Old Kerria. — This shrub,
with its masses of double orange
yellow flowers growing along its
graceful branches, has never been
finer than this year, though the tips
of many branches were winter-
killed. This shrub was introduced to
European gardens from China about
1700, though its specific name con¬
nects it with Japan, for it is botani-
cally Kerria Japonica. The double
form is generally planted, but the
single form, with its bright-yellow
flowers like a small single rose, is
particularly pretty. It is sometimes
called Japanese rose, a name also

applied to the double form. It has
also been called Corchorus, Jew’s-
mallow and Kerrybush. While the
Kerria drops its attractive foliage
after it turns yellow in Autumn, it
is pretty and noticeable all Winter,
the twigs remaining bright green.
After the main flowering season in
late Spring, scattering flowers are
produced through the season. There
is a variety called the silver Kerria
which has green leaves' bordered
with white; it does not grow quite
as tall as the other forms, and is
rather more twiggy in growth. It
is an attractive shrub for foundation
planting. However, it is likely to
show a good many plain green
leaves among those with the silver
edge. The only pest we have seen
affecting the Kerria is a sort of
canker, which may affect both leaves
and branches. Diseased material
should be cut out and burned; spray¬
ing with Bordeaux mixture is also
advised.

Evergreen Hedges. — There is a
certain stately beauty in an ever¬
green hedge of the coniferous class,
though to some they have a rather
mournful cemetery-like appearance.
One advantage of a hedge of this
sort is that if it is once properly
shaped it does not need the constant
pruning that must be given to privet.
The American arbor-vitae is a
familiar example; its natural habit
is pyramidal, and it is easily kept
in shape, forming a dense hedge. It
is very hardy, but does not like a
hot dry location. It grows best in a
moist soil, and likes a sandy loam
with water not far from the surface.
In a dry location the arbor-vitae
sometimes suffers from red spider
during a hot Summer, but frequent
hosing with abundant water usually
controls this. The Japanese yew,
Taxus cuspidata, is another excellent
evergreen for hedges; its growth is
compact, and it stands shearing well.
Its rich dark green is always attrac¬
tive. The Canada hemlock makes an
excellent hedge, standing severe
prunning, which makes it denser and
more velvety in growth. The fibrous
root system of this hemlock makes
it safer to transplant than some other
evergreens, and it is less subject to
fungus attack than pines or spruce.

E. T. Royle.

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer ^nd distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for distribution based
on costs plus the average rate of profits paid by the producers
on the supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete refer¬
ence index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made
handsome and durable because it will have information for future
generations. Published by Orange Judd Company, the author has
reserved the first 1,200 copies for such of his friends as may wish
to have an autographed copy. Price $3.00 postpaid. New York City
sales only, add 2% Sales Tax. These are for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

D* RURAL NEW-YORKER

415

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YOU TOO CAN USE THE BEST
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Countryman’s Journal

Each season it is interesting to
watch the way different farmers
prepare the soil for their crops. I
don’t know that there has ever been
a survey to see how a man’s rating
as a farmer would compare with the
way he gets the soil ready. Over a
period of years I have been watch¬
ing certain farms for evidence on
this point, and it can be truthfully
said that in a small area, the facts
are plain. The farmers who really
prepare a good seed bed get the good
crops of potatoes, corn, oats, and
grasses. One plowing and harrow¬
ing doesn’t do the job. A number of
thorough harrowings mellow up the
soil, get it loose and friable, and
prepare it so the thousands of tiny,
feeding rootlets can get the food. We
forget that roots can take nothing
except food in solution. The soil that
is really prepared can absorb mois¬
ture, the roots spread easily, and the
result is a better growth. Reading
old agricultural journals, and the
papers of the ancients who were in¬
terested in farming, we can see that
this point was appreciated long
centuries ago.

“I will lift up mine eyes unto the
hills from whence cometh my help.”
One wonders how many millions of
human beings have found solace and
comfort in these noble words! In
terrible times of stress and strain,
such as these, humanity needs some¬
thing more for an anchor in daily
living than the man-made goals.
Great crises come and go in the
history of the race, but little by
little we can climb higher if we
will keep in mind the great verities
of life. As a national and inter¬
national creed we can do no better
than resolve to make true that goal
in our national flag salute which
millions of school children repeat
daily: “With liberty and justice for
all.”

The perennial border at the side
of the kitchen garden is a beautiful
sight. The delphiniums, veronicas,
Oriental poppies, phlox, lillies, and
spirea astilbe are big, husky clumps.
Plant the rows of perennials and
annuals two to three feet apart, and
then the horse cultivator can keep
the soil cultivated. For annuals we
still like the old-fashioned favorites:
zinnias of all colors and sizes, asters,
cosmos, marigolds, phlox, calen-
dualas and coxcombs. They are gay
and beautiful in the garden rows,
and cheering in the house as
bouquets.

This last Winter the Latham rasp¬
berries winter-killed badly while the
Taylors did not winter-kill at all.
Last season we had a few Taylor
berrier and they seemed better than
the Lathams on heavy loam soil.
Their flavor and size were both ex¬
cellent. We are anxious for another
test this season.

Have you ever thought about put¬
ting a hedge around your kitchen
garden? We have a lilac hedge
growing around two sides of ours,
about 200 feet in all. It cost nothing
but a little labor for we took shoots
from old established clumps. Lilacs
can be transplanted every month of
the season if you keep them watered
for a week or so after you put them
in.

Roadside Stands

Marketing or selling products from
roadside stands is a very personal
matter, much more so than buying
by telephone and even more so than
ordinary grocery store purchasing.
The immediate reaction of the in¬
dividual is important. The kind of
a stand, its appearance, the per¬
sonality of the salesman, and the
impression he makes, the availability
of parking space and countless other
items of this sort loom large.

One can hardly build up a road¬
side business on gourds, herbs,
flowers and such things, yet all of
these have marked value in arous¬
ing interest and attracting customers.
They cater to the hobby or fad re¬
sponse which is present in almost
everybody.

So the roadsider may well make
use of these and some of the less
common vegetables to interest people,
at the same time taking care not to
divert too much time, attention and
sales from the things which must
really be the backbone of the
business. w. h. h.

Virginia

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Vht RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established iSSO

Published Bi-Weekly by the Bnral rnbliehlng Co., Ine. 383 West 30th St., Sew York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE. STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Bbrghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.

William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
M. B. Dean Russell W. Duck

H. B. Tukey Mrs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

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Single Copy Five Cents.

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Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, *1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes between our subscribers and honest,
responsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end, but such cases should not be Confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

A Lesson in Depravity

DOLF HITLER is waging a military war
against most of his European neighbors,
and a psychological war of propaganda against
most of the world including America. His
rules for his propaganda are laid down in a
book entitled “Mein Kampf,” published just
before he started the second World War. The
book is published in English by Reynal &
Hitchcock, New York. Following is a synop¬
sis of Mr. Hitler’s philosophy on propaganda.

The propaganda appeal should not be made
to the scientific or to intelligent groups; but
only to the masses. The purpose of propaganda
is to impress the masses. The art is exclusively
to attack the problem so skillfully that a
general conviction is that what is necessary is
right.

All propaganda should be made popular
and adapted to the intellectual level of those
approached. Therefore, the greater the mass
of people one wants to impress, the lower
the grade of intelligence one should adopt.
In any propaganda for carrying on a war,
the object is to include an entire people in
the field of action and spiritual scruples can¬
not dominate.

The more modest the approach and the
more exclusively the masses are considered,
the more striking will be the success of the
propaganda. The success of a piece of propa¬
ganda is the best proof of whether it is right
or wrong, and not whether it satisfied a few
scholars or ethical dullards.

The purpose of propaganda is not to please
a few blase masters but to convince the masses
who are slow to notice a single thing.
Thousand-fold repetitions are necessary be¬
fore they grasp and remember the most
simple idea.

The art of propaganda is to find the way
to the feelings, ideas and hearts of the great
masses. That our super-clever intellects never
understand, proves only their inertia or their
conceit.

To attract great masses with propaganda,
the following rules are necessary: (1) Avoid
scientific teaching. (2) The receptive ability
of the masses is very limited, their under¬
standing is small, they forget soon. Hence
propaganda should be limited to very few
points. These should be used as slogans until
the last man gets it. If this basic principle is
sacrificed, if versatility is attempted, the
effect is lost. The masses are not able to
digest the material offered, nor to retain it.
The effort is wasted.

A big lie has a factor of credibility
over a small one. The great masses
will more easily fall victim to a great lie than
to a small one. They lie in little things, but
would be ashamed to tell a big lie. Hence
they will challenge a little lie, but will believe
a big lie.

The mass does not consist of diplomats or
teachers of law, or even of reasonable people
bat of childlike beings, undecided and in¬
clined to doubts and uncertainty. The propa¬
gandist must not admit any glimpse of right
on the other side. To do so is to create
doubts of his own worth. The masses cannot
distinguish where the wrong of the enemy
ends and their own begins.

Propaganda must confine itself to little, and
be repeated eternally. Persistency in propa¬
ganda as in many other things is the first and
most important condition for success.

We indulge dictators in America who use
propaganda, just as Hitler teaches it in
Germany, to pervert the simple and unsus¬
pecting masses. It is the biggest and most sinis¬
ter form of deception in America. It permeates
our business, our schools and all too often our
churches. It is the major menace of our
democracy. It seeks the triumph of falsehood
over truth. We cannot overcome it with force
or law. But it cannot survive in a land or
in a community where culture, truth and
God are revered.

Mr. Cladakis Speaks Out

IN his speech in Syracuse, N. Y., on June 5
before the Eastern Producers Annual
Conference, Mr. N. J. Cladakis, Market Ad¬
ministrator of the Federal-State pool, said
some things most dairy farmers would ap¬
prove. Open discussions and a free flow of
ideas, he said, are the best answers to men
and to groups who arrogate to themselves
the exclusive right to speak for all farmers.

Oracles, he said, were all right in the days
of mythology. Those days are now thousands
of years behind us. But, in America, it is the
inherent and constitutional right of men to
have opinions and to express them. I decry
the doctrine, he said, that by some unknown
divine right any one group is the know-it-all
of the milk business. Democracy demands free
expression of opinion, knowledge for all and
not for a few. We are making progress in
the operation of the Federal-State Orders. But
we can do better, if we make sure that the
rank-and-file dairy farmer knows the Orders.
In one thing I feel pride — farmers today are
better equipped to pass judgment on the
Orders than they were a year ago, when I
became Administrator.

The increase in knowledge has come in spite
of protest; in spite of attack; in spite of at¬
tempts to hush-hush the writing of the record.
Overt efforts have been made to Stop the
spread of information, which is the economic
equipment that farmers need and which they
are getting for the first time. Our answer to the
detractors is more facts. Undercover attacks
fester and irritate. The evil lies in the poison
poured into producers’ minds. It serves no one.

Let me give you an* example: It is said
that the Market Administrator makes propa¬
ganda. The groups primarily responsible for
that baseless charge are propaganda machines
of first water. Because they know and fear
public opinion, no effort to smear the adminis¬
tration is too low or too fantastic for their
use. It was said, for instance, that the
Market Administrator’s office was selling blue
sky when it told producers last Winter that
the amendments to the Federal-State Orders
would lift farm income a little more than
$5,000,000. Anonymous and subsidized letters
were weapons of assault. Nameless and face¬
less men told dairy farmers not to believe a
word of it. The new formula for pricing fluid
milk sold outside the marketing area is yield¬
ing more farm revenue than we anticipated.
The same is true of skim milk returns.

Farmers will receive more than $350,000
more for their May milk than they would have
received without the March amendments. Our
original estimate was less than $190,000 a
month. The saving on diversion claims is in¬
creasing the producers’ returns. The man who
denies these gains is simply falsifying the
record.

Officers of cooperatives have a twin re¬
sponsibility at referendum time. The facts
should be translated to members with nothing
added and nothing taken away. Coloring of
news and information has no place in a co¬
operative organization where accurate and
honest and full information is second to none
in importance.

The second responsibility of cooperative
officers applies only to those associations which
make a practice of casting unit votes. Officers
must make a serious and sincere effort to
measure the thinking of the members. Any
conduct otherwise — any blanket voting that
violates the majority viewpoint of members —
is a serious breach of trust. If the officers fail

July 12, 1941

them, the members are responsible in the first
instance because they elected their officers.
Cooperative members should be alert ever to
see that their officers protect and represent
their interests. Elected officers of cooperatives
in the New York milkshed will agree with
me, I am sure, that an informed and active
membership increases the benefits of the co¬
operative movement a hundred-fold. They
will agree too that members should quickly
and without hesitation replace leaders that
have failed them. A stooge cooperative is out
of the question, if farmer-members are zealous
in seeing to it that the proper men lead them.

Assuming that dairy farmers elect the
officers of their organization, Mr. Cladakis then
reminded the members of their responsibility
in choosing such officers and for quickly re¬
placing officers who fail them. This is good
cooperative advice. The reminder was timely
and proper. There are cooperatives in the
State organized and operated by the produc¬
ers. In them the members in the main assume .
their responsibility. But there are chains of
cooperative organizations by promoters and
milk dealers, operated by them, and fostered
by politics and tricky laws. In those setups
the farmers have no real part in the manage¬
ment, no access to information to guide them
or protect them, and no more choice in the
selection of a director than a German farmer
has to select Hitler’s hangman.

Mr. Cladakis is putting up a courageous
fight and is making some progress against
an entrenched and ruthless monopoly.

Crochet Contest for the Women

\XT E are sure that the contest announce-
* * ment in this issue will be of special
interest to our many thousands of women
friends and readers.

A Speed Crochet Contest sponsored by
The Rural New-Yorker in collaboration with
the National Needlecraft Bureau is planned for
Monday, August 25 at the New York State
Fair in Syracuse. A statement on this contest,
together with entry coupon, appears on page
424.

A continually increasing interest in the art
of crocheting has been very evident among
farm women during the past few years. Both
young and old have been attracted to it. This
new special feature at the State Fair will give
to many of our handicrafters an opportunity
to show the results of their patience and
diligence. Besides, there are cash prizes and
a chance to renew old acquaintances and make
new ones. Fill out the entry blank today and
send it in so that you can receive and study
your instructions well in advance of the
contest.

Milk and Cream Supply

Receipts at the New York metropolitan area for

April, 1941 r - : - 40-qt. Units - ,

State of origin Milk Cream Condensed

New York . 2,101,894 121,316 46,962

New Jersey .... 472,522 2,328

Pennsylvania . . . 420,778 9,629 9,013

Vermont . . 132,471 5,826

Connecticut . 18,107

Maryland . 22,980

Ohio . 1,640

Indiana . 100

Massachusetts . . . 13,447

Total April, 1941.3,182,199 140,839 55,975

Total April, 1940.3,024,820 '126,569 37,231

New York furnished 66 per cent of the milk
and 86 per cent of the cream coming into the city
for all the month of April, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Brevities

For market turkeys there is a decided increase
in demand for small sizes.

This country has 466,790 acres in tomatoes
planted for canning and processing.

Onions are the most valuable New York vege¬
table crop, amounting to $4,724,000 in 1940.

It takes planning and plenty of work to get a
hay crop harvested in good shape, but there is
no part of a season work where “long hours”
will pay better. Hay discounts itself rapidly in
feeding value for every day of delay after it is
fit to cut.

“Seek him that maketh the seven stars and
Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the
morning, and maketh the day dark with night:
that calleth for the waters of the sea, and
poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The
Lord is his name.” Amos, 5:8.

417

Milk and Dairy Notes

PRODUCER PLEA REJECTED BY SHEFFIELD

The following is reprinted from The
Binghamton Press, June 19:

“The committee appointed by the delegate body
of the Eastern Milk Producers Association met
with the Sheffield Farms Company at a price-
fixing meeting in New York City and presented
the demand that a bonus be paid to all the
Sheffield producers above the Federal Order price.
This demand was refused by the company.

“It is my personal opinion that -all farmers
carefully examine the new amendments as they
definitely establish a ceiling price of $2.88
August through March, 1942. This is the same
government price-fixing policy which has been
strenuously opposed by many large cooperative
groups.

“For my own part, I prefer to sell my milk
on an op'en war commodity market price for
the period in the future. Farmers with whom I
have talked seem to be appeased by a large ma¬
jority to the program of establishing a ceiling
price through the new amendments.

“I, as a large producer, believe that as the cost
of labor and all cost of production are advancing
by leaps and bounds we, as farmers, must have
an equal advance and comparative price in order
to compete with other business. Every other
business is run independently and we, as they,
should sell and market our own milk.”

D. S. Gifford,
Member of Committee

In further explanation of this producer re¬
quest for a price increase, it is reported that
the Sheffield delegates asked first, for 10c
above both the May and June uniform prices,
and as an alternative, a 10c increase effective
June 15. Sheffield Farms has an almost 100
per cent fluid trade, and since the dealer
spread on fluid milk had increased 13V2C a
cwt. during April, May, and June, dairymen
drawing to Sheffield plants felt amply justified
in asking for the 10c increase.

Both requests were flatly refused by the
company. One of the company officials stated
that Sheffield Farms could not pay any more
than it was now paying because if it did, the
Dairymen’s League would then undersell
Sheffield and take away Sheffield’s trade.

This is flimsy talk. The Big-3 move to¬
gether simultaneously in all their price in¬
creases and reductions. They have been so
charged by the U. S. Attorney General. The
big dealers are in perfect agreement and
harmony particularly since 1937 when
Sheffield joined up with Borden and the
League to the permanent detriment of
Sheffield producers.

There were two reasons why the increase
was refused. In the first place, the May milk
and half of June’s milk had been taken off
the farmer’s shelf and given to the dealer. All
opportunity for bargaining for a fair price was
therefore lost. As to the last half of June,
Sheffield knew that in going through the
motions of negotiating price with its own
“company co-op,” it was really talking to
itself and need have no fear of the outcome.

WHERE ARE THE PRODUCER PAYROLLS?

WHERE IS THE ACCOUNTING BY
COOPERATIVES?

On March 12, 1941, Administrator Cladakis
ruled that all dealers would have to file with
him monthly reports giving the names of
their producers and the amount paid to each
producer. The first report was due April 30
for the month of March and similar reports
were to have been submitted monthly there¬
after.

On May 5, 1941, Mr. Cladakis requested
that all cooperatives file with him itemized
statements explaining in detail how all the
monies received in the form of cooperative
payments under the Order were spent. The
first reports were due June 5.

To date, there has been no announcement
by the Administrator as to the filing either
of these producer payrolls or the cooperative
accountings. Both are long overdue and dairy¬
men have just cause for suspicion. Both these
requirements were considered as steps in the
right direction. Farmers approved them be¬
cause they need this information. Now they
are beginning to feel that someone is holding
back, that somewhere big dealer pressure is
being exerted.

Under the circumstances, dairymen believe
that these payrolls and accountings should
be made public immediately with a proper
and full explanation for the delay.

7h« RURAL NEW-YORKER

FARMERS ASK $3.00 A CWT.

As we go to press, we have received the
first reports on the dairy farmers’ fight to
obtain a price of $3.00 a cwt. for their milk
for a period of ten months beginning July 1.
Under the direction of the Dairy Farmers’
Union, farmers throughout the milkshed be¬
gan withholding their milk July 1 after
dealers refused to negotiate on a $3.00 basis.
The first day, the fluid supply for New York
City was 1,300,000 quarts short.

Already dealers and their stooges are cir¬
culating reports that the present fight by
farmers is against the Federal Order and its
administration. These reports are false and
should be spiked at the outset. Dairymen now
find themselves in a desperate situation due
to the sudden drought, high feed costs and a
labor shortage that have come up since the
hearings on the Federal Order amendments.
The inability to adjust in accordance with
sudden necessity is an inherent defect in the
Federal-State system. For the time being,
however, dairymen are willing to overlook this
defect and seek themselves to obtain a fair
price for their milk. They ask the dealers to
pay the difference between their Federal-State
price and $3.00. In other words, they accept
the Federal Order price as a minimum price
and not a maximum price. This experience
again emphasizes the wisdom of farmers
negotiating their own prices monthly.

The outcome is wholly in the hands of farm¬
ers themselves. If enough realize that the milk
is theirs to sell and to put a fair price on over
and above the Federal Order guaranty, and
if they work together to that end, they will
win.

READER ASKS ABOUT MILK INDICTMENTS

I note by a recent R. N.-Y. issue that part of
the Milk Trust is under indictment before the
Federal Court in New York City. It is my recol¬
lection that these same parties were under
Federal indictment in Chicago. No trial to de¬
termine guilt or innocence was held. A sort of
“cease and desist agreement” was finally made
and the indictment dropped.

It just occurs to me that perhaps the present
indictment might be brought to trial by pressure
from dairymen and consumers, organized or in¬
dividually and that the result might be highly
beneficial to both producer and consumer. The
truth, if we can bring it to light, would certainly
be interesting and perhaps might illuminate the
entire subject of corporate monopoly.

Would it be in line with your policy to en¬
courage such pressure to the end that these
accused parties shall be prosecuted by attorneys
of courage and ability to bring out the whole
truth?

I myself, and most of my neighbors, all dairy¬
men, would be glad to do all in our power to
bring about a better condition in milk distribution.

New York J. H. McCluer

It has just been announced that the Borden
and Sheffield indictments under the Sherman
anti-trust law will be brought to trial on
September 8 before Judge Murray Hulbert
of the U. S. District Court, in New York City.

HELPFUL RESOLUTION FOR FAR3IERS

Dairymen throughout the milkshed will
be interested in the resolution that was un¬
animously adopted at the convention of the
Eastern Federation of Feed Merchants held
in Binghamton, June 20-21.

Whereas, N. J. Cladakis, Milk Administrator
for the New York area and Claude A. Wickard,
Secretary of Agriculture, have in recent months
greatly benefited the producers of the New York
milk shed by amendments to and enforcement
of present milk marketing orders: Therefore,
be it resolved that the Eastern Federation of
Feed Merchants extend its appreciation for the
work thus far accomplished in alleviating the
situation, but also expresses the opinion of the
members of the Eastern Federation of Feed
Merchants here assembled that the order could
be further simplified toward eventually guaran¬
teeing cost of production plus a normal profit to
the producers.

President of the Federation is Albert J.
Thompson, Wycombe, Pa.; vice-president,
Austin W. Carpenter, Sherburne, N. Y.; secre¬
tary-treasurer, Louis E. Thompson, Glen
Ridge, New Jersey. The chairman of the
committee which sponsored the above reso¬
lution is Kenneth E. Eldred, Bainbridge, N. Y.

VOTE ON NEW AMENDMENTS

The new amendments to the Federal-State
Orders were approved in the recent producer
referendum and went into effect July 1.

A total of 28,942 ballots were cast on the
Federal Order amendments. In favor were
25,599; 15,888 voted collectively and 9,711
individually. 325 votes were cast in opposition,
47 by cooperatives and 278 by individual pro¬
ducers. 3,018 ballots were rejected.

On the State Order there were 21,353 votes
cast. 18,617 were in favor, 11,174 voted collec¬
tively and 7,443 individually. There were
248 “no” ballots, 47 collectively and 201 in¬
dividually. 2,488 ballots were marked void.

Signal Letters in Box Car Size

( 6 T F you charge that organized buying de-

* presses your prices, I am wondering if
it isn’t a signal in box car letters that there
is need of better producer organization so
that producers will be on fours with buyers
and thus in a position to determine practices
in marketing their products.”

So said a speaker to a horticultural gather¬
ing last Winter in answer to the complaint
that large business organizations were over¬
powering and strangling the producer. His
words were true, and every one who heard
them knew them for the truth. Because there
is no doubt that the outfit with the biggest
buying power has the advantage when it
comes to striking a bargain, and the small
producer who comes up against it feels his
handicap.

There are several ways of meeting the situ¬
ation. The big organization with its advan¬
tages of size can be outlawed by governmental
decree, the small individual who is handi¬
capped by small size can be subsidized,
government can step in and set prices or limit
production or otherwise set down the heavy
hand of beaurocracy together with its accom¬
panying politicians and feeders from the
public till. But this is not the American way.
It is not the way Americans want.

The alternative is for individuals and small
groups to band themselves together into
groups sufficiently large to meet other bargain¬
ing groups “four square.” “Cooperation” is
another way of saying the same thing.

Unfortunately, the East with its nearness
to markets does not naturally and easily en¬
courage cooperation. There is always oppor¬
tunity for an individual to break away from
the group and to market “on his own.” In
the West, markets are so far distant that there
is nothing else to do but stick with the group.
Yet if matters are not going to go from bad
to worse, cooperation must come. Sooner or
later it will come. It should come from the
producers themselves, encouraged perhaps by
civic groups and well-established industry
which is dependent upon a prosperous agri¬
culture. But it must be controlled and de¬
veloped by the producers. “We must do it
ourselves” is the slogan.

Yes, the signal letters are box car size. They
call for men who refuse to be discouraged,
who know they are right, and who will
sacrifice something themselves for the common
good.

Veterinarians Should Cooperate

ETERINARIANS as a group seem to have
very little realization of the fact that the
poultry business has grown up. Most practic¬
ing veterinarians have little use for a chicken,
and do not realize that their own services, if
properly organized and priced, could be well
directed towards the poultry field. Disease
prevention and control is a big field and offers
unlimited opportunities to the alert veterin¬
arian who is qualified to offer economical
service.

Nearly every state has one or more
diagnostic laboratories for the use of, and as
an aid to, the poultryman. However, only a
fraction of the needed service can ever be
rendered by a few central laboratories. The
big obstacle is time and distance, especially in
Summer when dead birds soon “walk off” or
“fly away.”

Many poultrymen in every state either do
not know about, or are unable to utilize
diagnostic facilities that cost them nothing,
or a very nominal fee. Thus qualified, practic¬
ing veterinarians could be of great service to
the poultry industry and build up a substan¬
tial side-line in servicing poultry flocks for
disease prevention and control, if they were
interested.

Lack of interest on the part of the veterin¬
arians, and a desire through state legislation
to control vaccines and biologies have caused
ill feeling to arise. This cannot be easily lived
down until and unless veterinarians show a
spirit of cooperation and a real desire to be
of service to the poultry industry.

418

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 12, 1941

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Write, phone or wire for
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WRITE FOR FREE SAMPLE

Left: These good Dorsets are owned by B. S. Townsend, Interlaken, Seneca County, N. Y ., Charles Brinkerhoff
holding. Right: These well grown thrifty Oxford ram lambs are owned L. L. Davey, Marcellus, Onondaga

County, New York.

ADDRESS.

Live Stock and Dairy

General Laboratories Div.,
Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co., Dept. RNY
Widener Bldg., Phila., Pa.

Gentlemen :

Send me FREE sample bottle of B-K Powder,
germ-killing agent for sanitizing milk utensils.

Lamb

Lambing conditions
were favorable this year
in the West, and indi¬
cations are that Cali¬
fornia, Arizona, Wash¬
ington, Oregon and Idaho
will have larger lamb crops than
last year. Demand for mutton and
wool continue to be favorable fac¬
tors for sheep production. Most
lamb feeders, unless they suffered
heavy dog or disease losses, came
out with a good profit on this year’s
operations.

Slaughter receipts are reported as
somewhat larger than last Spring,
as was to be expected with an in¬
crease of about six per cent in sheep
and lambs reported on feed on last
January 1st. Western New York
lamb feeders find the high altitude
lambs are more free from internal
parasites and consequently healthier
and more thrifty than natives or
central western feeders. Proper use
of the new drug Phenothiazine to
kill internal parasites in feeder lambs
may have an important
influence in lamb feed¬
ing operations.

Self-Feeding Methods

In a fattening program
for lambs, cattle or hogs
they may be self-fed
using one of three gener¬
al plans. The concen¬
trate feed may be mixed
in desired proportions
for needed nutrients,
vitamins and minerals or
the various components
may be self-fed in sepa¬
rate compartments, thus
permitting free - choice;
another system would be
modifications of the two
mentioned. On my last
visit a few years ago to
the Michigan Experiment
Station, Prof. George A.

Brown, head of the ani¬
mal husbandry depart¬
ment, was just complet¬
ing his first test relative
to self - fed fattening
lambs, free-choice or cafeteria style.
This first group made comparative
economical and efficient gains. How¬
ever, a recent report received rela¬
tive to continued investigations
concerning self-feeding vs. hand¬
feeding fattening lambs and rations
for self-feeding lambs shows that
cafeteria feeding of shelled corn,
oats, bran, and linseed cake proved
the most costly of any method
studied, owing to the heavy con¬
sumption of linseed cake.

One thousand ninety-one lambs
were fed in the five trials reported.
The average daily gain for all lambs
during an 84 day feeding period
was 0.37 pounds. Their average
pounds of concentrates consumed
per 100 pounds gain was 415, and
the amount of roughage required
(alfalfa hay) was 345 pounds. With
concentrates charged at $24.50 per
ton and hay at $12.50 per ton, the
feed cost per 100 pounds gain in the
feed lot for those experimental lambs
was $7.35. Figured on a market to
market basis their feed cost per cwt.
gain was 25 per cent greater. The
average cost of delivery from Chicago
to East Lansing was 45 V2 cents per
cwt. This cost includes the com¬
mission, freight, hay fed first week
after arrival, and shrink. Their
shrink after one week hay feeding
was only one-half pound per head.
The average marketing cost per cwt.
for the lambs was 68 cents. They
were shipped by rail, 80 miles, and
were in transit approximately 15
hours. Freight, insurance, yardage,
commission, feed at the market, and

Feeding Methods

By R . W. Duck

shrink were the items represented
in the marketing costs. The average
shrink on these fat lambs from feed
lot to the Detroit market was just
a trifle over four per cent.

Preliminary Period

The feeder lambs for two weeks
after their arrival at East Lansing,
received only alfalfa hay, which con¬
tained considerable grass. Field prac¬
tice has shown that it is advisable
to feed timothy, mixed or rather
coarse roughage as an introductory
feed to prevent possible digestive
trouble. Feeder lambs are usually
wormy and if properly treated will
make larger and more economical
gains, also their death loss will be
reduced. Each lamb in the Michigan
trials was given three ounces of a

loss on 164 farms feeding
130,000 lambs was 4.2

per cent. This mortality
was equivalent to 2.8

pounds loss on each
finished lamb, with dead
lambs figured at purchased weight.
Calculated another way it required
the gain produced by approximately
one lamb in 10 to compensate for

the weight loss occasioned by the

4.2 per cent death loss.

Physical condition of the lambs
when received at the feed lot should
principally determine their method
of initial and subsequent feeding. As
an illustration of this important con¬
sideration the Michigan tests show
that allowing lambs immediate ac¬
cess to a self-feeder of shelled corn,
following their period of initial
roughage feeding, resulted in a high
mortality per centage only in one
feeding trial. In this case 75 per cent
of all death losses occurred in this
group, while all other lots similiarly
fed lost only 25 per cent. In de¬
scribing the lambs used
in this high death rate
group the investigators
mention that they were
small, thin and under¬
nourished, weighing only
47 pounds on their ar¬
rival. These lambs were
purchased especially to
observe the possible in¬
fluence of self-fed heavy
grain used with this type
lambs.

You may be interested
to note that on the basis
of these trials, a double¬
deck carload of 300 60-
pound lambs, fattened on
shelled com in a self-
feeder, would need 663
bushels of corn and 64
tons of alfalfa hay to pro¬
duce a 30-pound gain
per head in 80 days, with
an initial weight of about

This Champion Rambouillet ram at the 1940 New York 60 pounds. A comparable
State Fair is owned and was exhibited by Waldo Barron, ' - - - - -

Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania.

solution consisting of one ounce of
Black Leaf 40 and one ounce of
copper sulfate in solution per three
quarts of water. It has been found
best to administer this drench about
four days following arrival.

The new anthelmintic drug
Phenothiazine seems especially well
suited for administration to feeder
lambs. It requires no preliminary
starving. Its use will cause the urine
to turn red which may result in an
objectionable fleece stain. This may
be overcome to considerable extent
by trimming behind prior to ad¬
ministration, and not crowding the
sheep or lambs in close quarters, to
prevent smears from contact. Breed¬
ers and exhibitors of show sheep
should give consideration to this im¬
portant physiologic fact when using
Phenothiazine. From some experi¬
ences related to me it would seem
administration of this drug is best
indicated after completion of the
show circuit, using the precautions
mentioned.

Many successful feeders have
found it advantageous to trim around
the lambs eyes, if close wooled. In
the big lamb feeding sheds of West¬
ern New York it is usually customary
to have a small trickle of water
running into the tank, thus insuring
a constant fresh supply, as well as
to help prevent freezing and attract
the lambs.

Lamb Losses

A survey report relative to the
economic aspects of lamb feeding
in Michigan shows the average death

hand-fed carload would
require 73 bushels less
shelled corn, but about
5Vz more tons of alfalfa hay to pro¬
duce a similiar average gain and it
would also take an average of three
more days, due to slightly smaller
average daily gain, to make a 90-
pound finished lamb. Considered in
terms of 100 pounds gain it re¬
quired 46 pounds less corn and 122
pounds more hay when hand-fed as
compared with self-feeding. With
corn at 70 cents per bushel and
alfalfa hay at $12.50 per ton the
self-fed lambs finished for 19 cents
less feed cost per cwt. gain. Neces¬
sary selling price for the self-fed
finished lambs per 100 pounds live-
weight, with feeds at prices men¬
tioned, was $6.37, considering only
the lambs which finished, and $6.46
for the hand-fed lambs. If death
loss and feed consumed (8 head out
of 110 total) is charged against the
self-feds their necessary selling price
per cwt, was $6.63. There were no
lamb losses in the hand-fed groups.

Influence of Bulk

When bulk was added to a ration
of cracked corn in the Michigan
trials it lowered, but did not elimin¬
ate death loss with feeder lambs.
When corncob meal was used there
was a loss of six lambs out of 111;
with ground alfalfa hay and oat hulls
added to a ration of cracked corn a
death loss of three lambs per lot
occurred out of 114 head per group,
respectively. Ground alfalfa was
used to the extent of 20 per cent
with cracked corn, while another
group received cracked corn 55 per
cent, linseed cake seven per cent

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

419

and oat hulls 38 per cent.

All the experimental lambs re¬
ceived hay fed in racks. Corn and
cob meal proved less satisfactory
than either shelled corn and alfalfa
hay, or cracked corn 80 per cent
mixed with ground alfalfa 20 per
cent. Oat hulls used as mentioned
were not as satisfactory as either
ground or cut alfalfa. If ground
alfalfa hay is figured at $15.50 per
ton, oat hulls fed as mentioned in
this test would have a monetary
feeding value of $8 per ton.

Protein Supplements

Recent tests conducted by Willman
and Morrison, Cornell, illustrate
optimum amounts for feeding dis¬
tillers’ corn dried grain and brewers’
dried grain as a partial substitute
for shelled corn. Results indicate
this should not be over one-third
of the concentrate ration for fatten¬
ing lambs. This experiment also
shows that when so fed 100 pounds
of distillers’ corn dried grains have
a feeding value slightly in excess of
No. 2 yellow shelled corn. Brewers’
dried grains had a replacement corn
equivalent feed value of 97 per cent.

Results obtained from these tests
also show these dried grains gave
satisfactory results when fed to
fattening lambs as protein supple¬
ments to a ration of shelled corn
and first cutting alfalfa hay. These
supplements gave about as good re¬
sults as when a similiar amount of
total protein per lamb daily was
supplied by using a mixture of equal
parts, by weight, linseed meal and
cottonseed meal. It was necessary
to feed approximately 30 per cent
more distillers’ and 50 per cent more
brewers’ dried grains in order to
equalize for comparable total pro¬
tein content of the supplemental
feeds involved.

A comparative test by these in¬
vestigators with linseed meal, soy¬
bean oil meal, whole soybeans, and
corn gluten meal used as protein
supplements to shelled corn and
corn silage show no significant
differences for efficiency and econo¬
my of gain with fattening lambs.

This test, conducted during 1939-
40 is also of interest and value be¬
cause it demonstrates the possibilities
of using corn silage as the sole
roughage. The lambs received alfalfa
hay and oats for their introductory
feeding period, and were gradually
changed over to corn silage alone,
using shelled corn as the basal
ration and the comparative protein
supplemental feeds mentioned. It is
important and necessary for lambs
to receive some ground limestone
daily on their silage when fed as the
entire roughage ration, in order to
supply the calcium deficiency. In
this test the 61 pound lambs fed for
98 days to an average weight of
about 95 pounds, received an aver¬
age daily silage ration of 2.83 pounds
and 0.02 pounds of ground limestone
per head. For practical purposes
this would necessitate the use of
about one pound of ground limestone
sprinkled over each 100 pounds of
corn silage fed.

Price per ton with its resultant
comparative price per pound of di¬
gestible protein and total digestible
nutrients, for any protein concen¬
trate, would be the principal deter¬
mining factor relative to its de¬
sirability for supplemental use with
a ration of corn or barley and legume
for fattening lambs. Various tests at
several experiment stations show the
addition of about 0.2 pound linseed
or cottonseed meal to the ration
mentioned inci’eases average daily
gain approximately 16 per cent with
fattening lambs.

The replacement value of the pro¬
tein supplemental concentrates men¬
tioned proved equivalent to approxi¬
mately 100 pounds corn and 100
pounds legume hay. When fed with
barley their value was slightly less.
Linseed meal on the average proved
slightly superior to cottonseed meal
or cake. During the past season, due
to prevailing comparative prices of
protein concentrates and grain, their
use as suggested was especially
profitable and advantageous. With
corn quoted at $36 and alfalfa hay
at $15 per ton the average supple¬
mental replacement monetary feed
value of these feeds used as men¬
tioned would be about $51 per ton.
During the past lamb season the
actual price of cottonseed and lin¬
seed meal averaged between $30 and
$40 per ton.

Lame Cow

I have a yellow Jersey cow 11
years old. In the last two months
she has become stiff in the hind
quarters and can scarcely get around
at all. She eats well and has been
fed on 24 per cent dairy rations
with corn fodder and hay during
Winter. She gives about two gallons
of milk daily and should freshen
about the last of October. She has
run in pasture field all Winter but
has a building to go into whenever
she wanted to. a. w.

West Virginia

It would be best to have a compe-
tient veterinarian examine the cow
in question, and follow prescribed
treatment. A number of things might
cause the condition referred to
making it impossible to diagnose it
properly from a distance. Good
pasture with constant access to a
mineral mixture for her as well as
all other livestock might be of bene¬
fit in time. If the condition is caused
by a mineral deficiency it will take
some little time to correct, giving
her access to minerals at all times,
so she can consume them as needed.
A mineral mixture which has proven
beneficial in such cases consists of
equal parts iodized stock salt,
ground limestone and steamed bone-
meal. r. w. D.

Small Litter

This Spring I purchased two bred
gilts. Both have farrowed, one hav¬
ing 11 pigs, the other having one. I
paid $50 each for the gilts, and they
are registered stock. Do you think
I should retain as a brood sow the
gilt that farrowed one pig or is this
not an uncommon practice for a
gilt to farrow one pig? The gilt seems
to have a good appearance, no signs
of illness, large and well built but
not fat. The age of this gilt is 14
months, 22 days to date of farrow.
Is there any adjustment I could ask
of the seller? If so what?

Virginia w. s. B.

It would be advisable to breed
the gilt and see how she does on
her next litter. If she farrows a
small number again it would prob¬
ably be better to fatten her and sell
her to the butcher. The matter of
adjustment would be entirely up to
the seller, if she proves no good on
her second litter the seller might
make you some adjustment, al¬
though there would be no legal re¬
quirement to do so. R. w. D.

Calf Scours; Orphan Pigs

I am sending a calf scours re¬
ceipt, which we have found very
effective. It is so very simple that
anyone can get it ready at a minute’s
notice: !4 teaspoon ground cloves,
V\ teaspoon ground ginger. Put in
cup pour half full of boiling water,
let stand a minute. One tablespoon
unsalted lard (melted), one table¬
spoon soda. Put both of these to¬
gether, mix well and give at one
dose.

In answer to I. C. L.’s request
about feeding cows’ milk for little
pigs, several times I have had to
bring up orphan pigs, and always
I soured the milk before feeding
them. Feed them at frequent inter¬
vals with the sour milk and after
a few days, I even let the milk
clabber. I have never lost one yet.

Pennsylvania l. c. b.

Boarding Ponies

What would be a fair price to
charge for boarding five Shetland
ponies for four months in Winter?
They have had good hay, a warm
barn and one has had some feed.

New York l. g. d.

Based on feed costs during the
past Winter it would seem that a
charge of between $40 and $50 would
be reasonable for the ponies and
time involved. r. w. d.

GOATS

DAIRY GOAT JOURNAL. Dept. 167, FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly magazine crammed with help¬
ful information. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

PUREBRED NUBIANS — Registered; best bloodlines.
Milking does; duelings. Natural hornless young bucks
Well raised. E. Buch, Breeder, R. 0. c'alifon, N. J.

FIVE u°^TmU. i’s freshened in March-April $150 the lot.

I1YE. HOUPERT, CLINTON, CONNECTICUT

Purebred Reg. Toggenburgs, reasonable. Fall freshen
Nubians, tested. Hinelander Goat Dairy, Allendale, Y

MILK GOATS Toeeenberg and Saanens. sold on

Ln J proval. Pony Farm. Himrod. N.

Ni .PAL? k GOATS out of prize stock. Herl
bericke, 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond, S. I. N.

HAS THEM ALL

Short-tube milkers, pail type
or portable— whatever kind
you prefer. They're all
UNIVERSALS— the finest ma¬
chines this famous company
has built in all its 25 years of
experience.They milkfaster —
cleaner— saferthen ever, with,
only 10 inches of vacuum.
See your Universal dealer
before you buy any milker.

THE

UNIVERSAL MILKING
MACHINE COMPANY,

DEPT. RN
SYRACUSE. N. Y.

A thorough treatment for
stubborn conditions-Cow Pox,
Hoof Rot, Hoof Lameness,
Thrush, Bruises, Calk Wounds.
♦Antiseptic* Per bottle $1 .00.

At dealers or by mail postpaid. ■

H. W. Naylor Co ., Morris, N.Y.

GUERNSEYS

GUERNSEY SALE

SATURDAY, JULY 26, AT 10:30 A. M.
Fair Grounds, Cobleskill, N. Y.

35 miles West of Albany on Route 7.
Dispersal sale of 75 grade Guernseys for C. H. Proper
Estate. 50 cows milking, others due; heifers. T. B.
Accredited. State tested Bang's negative.

Dunn & Harwood, Sales Managers,

Schoharie, New York and Cordaville, Massachusetts.

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World's Champion Jr.
4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE: REG. GUERNSEYS

females, ages from 1 year to 6 years old. Also a
few Reg. Bull calves for sale from 600 lb. Dams.
Herd fully aecr. and Blood Tested. Prices Reasonable.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, Delhi, New York

• FOR SALE — GUERNSEYS*

Wo have many fine bull calves that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS. AUGUSTA. SUSSEX CO.. NEW JERSEY

HOLSTEINS

120 REGISTERED HOLSTEIN

CATTLE AT AUCTION

EARLVILLE. MADISON COUNTY, N. Y.
WEDNESDAY, JULY 16, 1941. 10 A. M. D. S. T.

Healthy ort all tests. Fresh cows, close springers. 40
cows and heifers due in early fall. 15 bulls of all ages.
25 young heifer calves.

Send For Catalog.

R. AUSTIN BACKUS, Sales Manager,
Mexico, New York

AY RSHIRES

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
With stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.
96 Center Street. Brandon, Vermont

SHORTHORNS

INCREASE YOUjR INCOME

With World’s Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world's records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce milk economical¬

ly, have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months 50c; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORTHORN SOCIETY, Dept. F-2, CHICAGO. ILL.

| .*. ABERDEEN-ANGUS j

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen -Angue beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -Angua Breeders’ Aaaociation. Col¬
lege Park, Md. . or Eastern Aberdeen- Angus Breeder**
Association. Ithaca. New York.

MINKS

High Grade Extra Quality prolific strain. Your order
now will give you the finest selection of 2000 mink to
pick from. Write or call and inspect our ranch.

TACONIC HILLS MINK RANCH, Steve White., Mgr.
Putnam Valley. Peekskill, New York

| RABBITS

• • IV/\ODl AO • •

RAISE RABBITS

A Profitable Industry. Our Association Book of 64
pages gives all details— 10c. A. WEYGANDT. Sect’y
American Rabbit and Cavy Breeders Association.
Dept. G-7, Chicago, Illinois

j HORSES and PONIES |

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans

AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

BELGIAN HORSES

Pure breds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
raised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI, WEST TAGHKANIC, N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82, Near
Lake Taghkanic State Park. 10 miles S. E. of Hudson.

Disposing of Our Small Herd of

Purebred Registered Percheron Horses

One 7 yr. old mare wt. 2,000; 6 yr. old mare wt.
1,600; 4 yr. old mare wt. 1,700, your choice $ 1 50—
each. One 3 yr. old stallion, $125; aged mare, $50.
Sillon and Laet breeding.

YALE FARM, R.F.D. No. I, ROMULUS, N. Y.

DELulHii 31ilLLlW!t bred four years old.
Weight 2000 lbs. Bred in Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

ASH GROVE FARMS, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.

Morgan & Shetland Ponies

Young stock for sale: also broken ponies suitable for

children. TORREYA FARM, Mi

SWINE

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

Thrifty. rugged stock of exceptional quality.
Berkshire and Chester crossed or ) 6 weeks old $4.75

Yorkshire and Chester crossed > 7-8 weeks old $5.00
Chester Whites $5.25 each. All orders carefully filled.
Will ship 2 or more C. 0. D.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

DEPENDABLE PIGS All Breeds)

2-3-4 months at $5.50-$6.00-$6.50-$7.00-$7.50 each.

Every pig vaccinated to protect your investment.
Selected boars all ages.

Several pure red Duroc boars weighing 175 lbs.

The future for hog prices looks very rosy. Buy
where you get a guarantee to satisfy or return
at our expense. Breeders for half a century

CHAS. GILES, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

llbrook, N. Y

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 wks. old $5.00 each. Good 7-8 wks. old $5s50
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. Ail large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number COD
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished

AYRLAWN FARMS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

FOR SALE — A few nice young pigs, 6-8
weeks old @ $5.00 each. Ship C. O. D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

Pnrrhrpd Rprk«llirA« JIa!e or female, 3 months old,
rurcurea Dentsnires tteli gr0wn. breeding stock!

*or cholera and hemorragic septicemia.

REG. CHESTER WHITES Quality breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelton, Chester Cof/ pennl!

REG DTIROrS Eal! GBts 30(1 Spring Pigs. Russell F.
IUAj. UUItULO Partington. Scigio Center. New York

~ DOGS 7 I

COLLIF^ Sable; excellent breeding; ail
v w ^ ^ ages, SI 5. OO up. COL’LOVEI*

KENNELS, 1808 East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

MJREBRED COCKF.i: PI PS AND DOGS.
- Is on- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

ST RFRNARDS A11 breeds- details free!! Book:

JI. DLftllrtlADiJ 104 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

AIREDALE PUPS MALES $15. FEMALES $10.

CHARLOTTE A. SNELL. MEDINA, NEW YORK

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups SKlT„rlaaZyrl"m

Grpat DailP Piing Bes- $35. up. Time payments.

UlCdl DdllC rups FARM HOLM, New Paltz, N. Y.

from Heel Drivers
Arthur Gilson, I.isbou* N.Y

Shepherd Pups

C0IIIFS Sable beauties, pedigreed. $8.00 and up.

LULUBJ HILLCREST FARM, ALTMAR. N. Y.

Rao fniiipg— Rpaolec a11 ases any color. Woodland
IVCg. Lullies Deagies Farms, Hastings, New York

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

f ftl I IFSi Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

LULLIC.J TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

SPFFDY foxhound Pups at farmers prices $4.00
1 each. N. S. Schantz, Emmaus, Penna.

SHEEP

HAMPSHIRE RAMS Beautiful pure bred regis-

"r . IVrtfT10 tered ram lambs, well grown

$15.00; two yearling rams. First Prize and fimni

sStr.

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Dan by Four Corners, Vermont.

R. E. FOSTER, ROBERTS, IDAHO

can furnish farmers with breeding ewes direct from the range
either black or white faces. For particulars write him.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and tw
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed t
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LOOI, NEW YORI

REGISTERED Cheviot Sheep at reasonable prices

EDWARD F. ROCHESTER, ARLINGTON. VT.

420

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 12, 1941

Defend Your Egg Profits With

The GIZZARD CAPSULE

• Start your fight against "profit-
robbing” worms during the grow¬
ing period. Give your young stock
Gizzard Capsules NOW and watch
results. The Gizzard Capsule is
effective, safe and easy to use.
Tough on all three kinds of
worms-; — Large Round, Large Tape
and Pin Worms — but easy on
birds! No bad after-effects or loss
of production. Costs about lc or
less per bird. Over 150 million
used. At your Lee Dealer or post¬
paid from

GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.

Manufacturers of Germozone, Acidox, Lee-
mulsion and other Lee Poultry Remedies

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard's
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, feather early, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer ,
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

dMMumh

Leghorns-Keds-Kocks-Wyandottes

New Ham pslii res- Hal leross (CrmkrrJ) Chicks

[if?

“"WELL BRED /'""’WELL BREEDERS”

We have the facts —

and we have the evidence why HALL’S
CHICKS should make more MONEY
for you.' There isn’t room here to tell
the story but you’ll find it set forth
clearly in our attractive 24 page cata¬
log. It’s yours for the asking.
SEND FOR YOUR FREE COPY.

Hall Bros. Hatchery, Inc. w,ml?B0iord?conn.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler duali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15.000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER, NEW HAMPSHIRE

1 Christies NEW HAMPSHIRES

' spizzerinktum

SPIZZERINKTUM CHICKS
Thrive Thru Summer’s Heat

Just what you need for a successful
summer brood. Hatches every week,
S5from eggs laid by 40,000 State Pul-
jirum Tested Breeders <No Beactors).

Straight New Hampshire. Straight Barred
Rock and Chris-Cross (Barred Hybrid)

_ _ _ Matings. Write for informative Catalog

and Prices. Andrew Christie, Box 60, Kingston, N. H.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

REDUCED/^ PRICES

SWENE CHICKS

SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

, St PULLETS

| ELMER H. WENE J

Uo NEW jersey
. O. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Sold on CREDIT,
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

DEPT. 2815-6,

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.

WHITSrtOCK

hioh

1 BABY

IjO^W

PER

fOO

EGGS FOR per

HATCHING.../ V. IOO

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL-
MAN’S BOCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early
Maturity, Profitable Egg Yield.' Ideal combination
bird for broilers, roasters or market eggs. Send for
PBEE circular.

1 SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

JOSEPH

TOLMAN

DEPT. F

ROCKLAND

MASS.

HOT WEATHER CAN’T
STOP WARREN CONTEST LEADERS

Our Contest birds are entering the final lap of
the Contest with Shining records. Here’s the
line-up as of June 1st.

High Pen, All Breeds, at Five Contests
II Pens placing 1st. 2nd and 3rd in the R. I.
Red Class

High Red Pen also Hen at 6 Contests
CHICKS FOR SUMMER BROODS
U. S.- Massachusetts Pullorum Clean
Straight R. I. REDS & ROCK-RED Cross

Same blood and breeding (in the Bed line) that
carries our Contest birds to highest honors and
won State chick contract for supplying
Mass. Institutions for 10th consecutive
year. Write for Mid-Summer Prices.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

'Bonded Against B.W.D/

profit-bred from proven strains

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar.to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% ace. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sale Now ! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Cataleg A Price*. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fingar. Owner A Manager.

BOX H, HUDSON, NEW YORK

ELLERV1LLE CHICKS

_ _ Targe Type S.C.W. Leg.$6.50 $32.50 $65

White & Barred Plymouth Bocks.... 6.50 32.50 65

New Hampshire Beds . 7.00 35.00 70

Quality Heavy Mixed . 6.00 30.00 60

Large type Sex Leg. Pits. (95% guar. ) 1 1.00 55.00 110
Leg. Cockerels $4.00. 32 Years Hatching experience.

W. A. LAUVER. Prop., Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng Wh. Leg. $12.00 $3.00 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Bocks.. 8.50 7.00 7.00
B.I. Beds, Bd-ltk. Cr. 8.50 7.00 7.00
New Hampshire Beds 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 8.00 6.50 6.50

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
L. Mix $5.50. Cash or C. O. 1>. Write the Old
Beliable Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full
details of our Flocks. Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

All Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat. Free.

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Unsexed Pullets, Cockerels.

Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3.00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Bocks . 7.50 9.50 7.00

Wh. Wyand., B. I. Beds. Bed-Bocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires. Bock-Bed Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.
ULSH POULTRY FARM. Box R. Port Trevorton. Pa.

COLONIAL IS FIRST

in total number chick* sold because Colonial prices, quality
and service are right! Why pay more? All leading breeds, also
sexed. Hatches year around except August. U. S. Approved.
Big Catalog free.

COLONIAL POULTRY FARMS, MARION, OHIO

BPumcmHEH’s mm

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Bocks, New Hampshires $7.00 per 100;
Heavy Mixed $6.00-100. Ail breeders Blood-Tested,

CIRCULAR FREE. 100% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

WOLF 'FARMERS’ FRIEND C HICKS

Now you can get WOLF
They’re from A. P. A.
large egg production.

Order with confidence from
Only $1.00 books your order.

'“Farmers’ Friend” Chicks at new low prices.
Begistered Flocks. Bloodtested and bred for

this ad, or send for FBEE GUIDEBOOK,
balance C.O.D. plus postage and C.O.D. fee.

“A"

Mating

S. C. White Leghorns . $5.90

Leghorn Pullets . 11.80

Leghorn Cockerels . 1.90

W. and Barred Bocks. B.I Beds, and W. Wyandottes 6.40
W. and Bl. Minorcas, Buff Orpingtons, W. Australorp 6.40

White and Black Giants . 7.40

Assorted Heavies . 5.90

Odds - ends....; . 5.40

Above prices are for 100 Chicks. For less than 100 add

50c

“AA"

Mating

$6.90

13.80

2.75

7.40

8.40

6.40
5.95

to the

“AAA”

Mating

$7.75

15.50

3.75

8.40

9.40

price.

^VVOLF FARMERS’ FRIEND HATCHERY, BOX 5, GIBSONBURG, OHIO

Cannibalism in Growing and
Laying Flocks

If you are successful in con¬
trolling cannibalism in young chicks
up to the time they go on range,
you will have eliminated the start¬
ing point of many such outbreaks
later. Chicks that once have started
picking never seem to forget the
taste of blood or nice juicy pin
feathers. Where it is possible to run
the chicks directly on the ground
from the brooder houses at an early
age, it is easy to prevent the picking
habit from starting.

Transferring Pullets to Range

In this transition period from
brooder house to range house, pick¬
ing may occur from many sources.
(1) Pullets kept too long in the
crates in transferring. (2) Crowding
the crates. (3) Setting crates full
of pullets in bright sun. (4) Keeping
pullets restricted to broder houses
or range shelters without food and
water. (5) Failure to let birds out
early enough in the morning.

Plan to let the pullets out at day¬
break (not your breakfast time).
Failure to do this may result in tail
picking and cannibalism from just
one morning’s slip-up. Have someone
on the job, or use an automatic chick
door opener that will release the
door as the first chicken gets to
the door so that the pullets can get
out early.

You may be fortunate enough to
live where you have no trouble
from foxes. If you let the pullets
out early with foxes around it may
be necessary to protect your .range
from early morning visits from foxes.
Sometimes foxes or dogs killing a
group of pullets on the range may
start cannibalism by leaving car¬
casses around the range for the
other pullets to practice on. If
pullets have started to tail-pick be¬
fore they are placed on the range,
overcrowding the area may well
result in many of these birds never
growing a full tail. These birds when
housed may easily be the focal point
of picking trouble in the laying
house. Select only full-tailed, com¬
pletely feathered birds for housing.
Handle these birds carefully to see
that none of them is injured when
placed in the laying house.

Precautions at Housing Time

Pullets should be trained on range
to use a nest similar to the nest they
will use in the laying house. Nests
should be easily accessible so that
when the pullets have the urge to
lay, they can easily and quickly
find the nest. Many epidemics of
“pickouts” are started by having
nests that are unfamiliar to the birds,
and hard to get at. While the pullet
is looking for a proper place to lay,
she walks about the pen, and if
the egg starts through the vent it
attracts the attention of the other
birds — they give chase — result a
“pickout.” Thus an epidemic of
pickouts is started. Give the pullets
extra attention for the first week
they are housed. Make frequent
trips through the pens to see that
all is well and trouble from pickouts
can be avoided.

Prolapse and Pickouts

It is only natural that a certain
number of the weaker birds may
have prolapse. In this case the
tissues of the vagina and cloaca pro¬
trude from the vent (which always
occurs when an egg is laid), and
weakness of muscles prevent these
tissues from returning to their nor¬
mal position out of sight. These
tissues are red and full of blood and
furnish ideal meat for the other
pullets in the pen. If this bird with
a prolapse is discovered in time she
can be salvaged for meat; otherwise
you will find a dead hen with the
oviduct and intestine picked out.
Occasional pickouts are inevitable;
however if many occur you had
better conduct a careful survey of
possible causes.

Prolapse, “blowouts” or eversion
of the oviduct may be due to a
variety of causes. ( 1 ) Inherent weak¬
nesses in the individual bird. (2)
Forcing for heavy production. (3)
Inflamation of the oviduct. (4) Birds
too fat or too heavy. (5) Birds lay¬
ing abnormally large eggs. (6) Ration
too constipating. (7) Small birds
laying too large an egg for their
body size.

Rare Cases

Once in a while birds seem to
go berserk. A recent outbreak of
j cannibalism was reported where the

birds picked the lower eye lid only.
Many occur where the birds pick
holes through the back, or at the
base of the tail.

Beak Tipping

Removal of the tip of the upper
beak is called “beak tipping.” This
is easily accomplished by making
a cut in one side of the upper beak
about 3/16 to 4/16 inch from the
tip. Then by pulling and tearing,
the point of the beak is removed
down to the quick. This renders the
birds thus treated incapable of
pulling feathers or picking for a
period of from two to three weeks.
The lower beak is not touched. Tear¬
ing the point off the beak prevents
bleeding and removes a v-shaped
section. Practice will make it possi¬
ble to “tip” from 200-250 birds per
hour.

If tipping has to be repeated to
control picking and cannibalism, the
lower mandible (beak) will become
much longer than the upper mandi¬
ble (beak) and some birds may be
able to pick but not pull feathers.
Tipping a few ringleaders will some¬
times stop an outbreak of picking.

Anti-Pick Devices

“Vent shields” were the first de¬
vices invented to stop pickouts.
These are made of metal and pinned
into the tail-head of the bird, hang¬
ing down over the vent and abdomen.
Rubber shields have been used by
many in a similar manner. This type
of shield, of course, cannot be used
on breeding birds.

Beak guards of various types are
on the market. These devices are of
a variety of design but are all at¬
tached to the beak by a cotter pin
through the nostril of the bird.
These certainly serve their purpose
and will eliminate picking if properly
applied. The wonder is, that more
people do not take advantage of
their use to stop losses in the laying
houses. If possible, apply these
“anti-pick” devices at housing time
so that the pullets can get used to
them. If they are applied after the
birds are in heavy production it may
for a week or two reduce feed con¬
sumption.

“Goggles” are also on the market
provided with various colors. These
devices are also attached to the
beak. “Bits” have been used success¬
fully on turkeys to prevent picking.
These fit through the nostrils and
are bent crosswise between the
upper and lower mandibles. Their
use on hens has not come to my
attention as yet.

Control of Picking

Many things have been tried out
in an effort to prevent or control
.picking and cannibalism. A few are
suggested here; you may know of
many others.

1. House only full feathered birds.

2. House early before pullets start
to lay.

3. Remove injured birds imme¬
diately.

4. Do not crowd the pens — thin
out birds.

5. Do not mix birds after they
have been separated.

6. Remove fighters and pickers.

7. Do not keep birds in crates too
long at any time — it may start pick¬
ing.

8. Feed more often both mash and
grain, giving smaller amounts at
each feeding.

9. Keep the birds active and
busy.

10. Use rear entrance nests or
darken nests.

11. Put in an extra hopper of
meat scraps.

12. Feed a mixture of condensed
milk and meat scraps, half and half,
for a few days.

13. Provide adequate granite grit.

14. Feed small amounts of green
food at intervals.

15. Keep birds in laxative con¬
dition.

16. Feed more oats, and less corn,
wheat and barley.

17. Keep houses cool in hot

weather.

18. Allow more hopper space.

19. Feed ordinary salt in the

drinking water.

20. Feed epsom salts in the

drinking water,

21. Feed bulky rather than fine
concentrated feed.

22. Darken nests, and house if
necessary.

23. Use anti-pick devices if neces¬
sary.

24. “Tip” the beaks if necessary.

25. Smear pine tar, or an anti¬
pick salve on injured parts.

T. B. Charles

lb* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

* 421

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1152 Sumner Ave., Schenectady, N. Y.

ECONOMY SILO & MFC. CO.
Dept. K Frederick, Md.

WOOD* CONCRETE* TILE -METAL

Write for bulletin.
DELLINGER MFG. CO., 731 N. Prince St., Lancaster, Pa.

BETTER ENSILAGE — LESS WORK

with Dellinger
Hay Chopper - Silo Filler

When used as soon as
swelling is noticed,

Absorbine often lets
you keep horses work¬
ing. Absorbine, a time-
tested remedy, brings
fast relief to the injury. It speeds the blood flow
to the swelling to help carry off the congestion.
Often relieves swelling in a few hours.

Absorbine is not a “cure-all” but proven help
i n relieving fresh bog spavin, windgall, collar
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blister or remove hair. Used by many veterin-
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$2.50 for a LONG-LASTING BOTTLE that
will prove its value many times! At all drug¬
gists. W. F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

ABSORBINE

and keep horse
af work

I North Country News

Farmers in the North Country ex¬
pect a bumper crop this year. Potato
growers are debating the advisability
of planting more potatoes, due to
the present war conditions. Rains
have been favorable and there was
little Winter kill. All this good has
been offset, however, by the short¬
age of farm labor. Farmers from
all around this area are reporting
that they cannot get help since all
men are either drafted or working
in factories where the wages are
much more than a farmer could pay.
One man reports that he is milking
20 cows alone and know of others
doing the same. More than the usual
amount of farms are being auctioned
off and in most cases, shortage of
labor is given as the reason.

Dr. F. B. Morrison was the speaker
on the Annual Dairy Tour of St.
Lawrence County which attracted
around 300 members of the county
Farm Bureau and 4-H Club last
month. Four different farms were
visited and questions were readily
answered by Dr. Morrison and the
Farm Bureau staff consisting of
Russell Cary and Joseph King. The
first stop was in Hammond on the
Lake Road at Charles Bickelhaup’s
farm. The feature of this stop was
his outstanding Jersey herd which
is on Dairy Herd Improvement Asso¬
ciation test with good records. Along
the Lake Road a little further is
Robert Rutherford’s farm which was
the next stop. His D.H.I.A. Holstein
herd along with between 700 and
800 turkeys were ready for the tour
and there the feature was the dairy
records and sales of cattle and also
raising the young cattle. The first
afternoon stop was at Barton Arm¬
strong’s famous Jersey farm on the
Canton, N. Y. road where 90 head
of Jerseys with better than 400
pound butterfat, D.H.I.A. test for last
year attracted the visiting dairymen.
The tour also saw a demonstration
of growing Sudan grass for Summer
feed. The final stop of the tour was
at the Beniah Morrison and Son
farm at Rensselaer Falls where the
first pick-up baler for hay in the
county was ready for their inspec¬
tion, along with a flock of 1,500 hens
and some prize winning hogs. The
Morrisons won the County Hay
King title for two years in a row.

New York . e. r.

Growing Alfalfa

Do we fully appreciate the won¬
derful value of the alfalfa plant?
The apparent scarcity of alfalfa
fields leads to this inquiry. One
early Spring day years ago, my
Mother was busy taking inventory
of garden seeds in stock, when I, a
small boy, asked if there was a small
packet there that I might sow?
Promptly she handed me a small
envelope containing seed marked
Lucene clover (alfalfa). With joy 1
took the little packet and ran
promptly to a field where father was
harrowing in oats. I got permission
to sow the bit of seed in the corner
of the field, then I was instructed
to rake it in with a little brush
from the nearby wood. The seed
patch was about the size of the
square peg-toothed harrow to which
the team was hitched. My joy was
complete when in Autumn I returned
to find my little field a veritable dis¬
play of purple bloom. While this
was only a bit of childish play, it
awoke in me a desire to plant and
initiated in me an interest in this
wonderful plant.

Years afterward, I determined to
try out a small bit of ground in
growing alfalfa. This was a success
and thereby I had inoculation soil
for subsequent sowings. My next
venture was on three acres. This
was carefully plowed late in July.
Soil was hauled from the mature
field, spread carefully and harrowed
into the surface and two tons of
lime and 200 pounds of acid fertilizer.
About the first of August a bushel
of seed was applied by the grain drill.
The first cutting was in September
and was not very heavy. The most
important part of this little story is
that without reliming, refertilizing,
this field was mowed 26 times and
through the wonderful service of the
roots in the soil and the stems in
the air, the soil of the field was
greatly improved as was fully
demonstrated when the field was
thrown back into rotation crops,
corn, oats and wheat. d. h. w.
Pennsylvania

Jacob Ritola and Winnie of Riverdale , 34280

John

Ritola and A lice of Lake View, 38007

Ritolas
make two

1,000-lb.

Butterfat

Records

IN THEIR first attempt at R. O. P.
testing, Jacob Ritola & Son,
Larro feeders of Thompson,
Ohio, had two purebred Brown
Swiss cows complete records of over
1,000 lbs. of butterfat. Winnie of
Riverdale, 34280, began test at the
age of 9 years, 3 months, 27 days
and produced 22,019.9 lbs. of 4.67 %
milk and 1,029.26 lbs. butterfat in
365 days. Alice of Lake View, 3 8007,
began test at the age of 8 years and
15 days and produced 22,672.6 lbs.
of 4.42% milk and 1,003 lbs. but¬
terfat. Each cow was milked three
times daily.

Here's what John Ritola says
after 8 years’ experience with Larro
Dairy, the feed on which these fine
records were made: “We formerly
fed various mixtures including some
we made up ourselves, but we find
our cows do better on Larro than
on any of the other rations we used.
Many of our cows are high produc¬
ers and necessarily need to be fed
a lot of grain. With Larro we find
our cows can safely handle large
amounts of it daily and not go off
feed. We like the way our cows have

cleaned after freshening and the
condition of their udders the past
several years speaks very well for
the Larro feeding program. Larro is
a safe feed to use year in and year
out to high producers as well as
dry cows.

“We raise our calves on Larro
Calf Builder Pellets and Larro
Dairy Feed. They grow off rapidly,
evenly at less cost than formerly
when we used a lot of milk in rais¬
ing our calves. We also have less
trouble with scours than when we
fed the calves so much milk.”

If you are dissatisfied with the
results you get with your present
feed, write today for a free copy of
the Larro Dairy Book and full in¬
formation about the Larro Feeding
System. We want you to have ALL
the FACTS about the feed and the
method that thousands of dairy¬
men are using daily with satisfac¬
tion and real profit.

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(Trade Name )

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

ROSS

METAL

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...32nd YEAR OF CONTIN¬
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‘Springfield, Ohio

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422

July 12, 1941

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Henyard

===== By T. B. Charles =

Blood Clots in Eggs

Could you give me any reason
why blood should be on the yolks
of eggs and sometimes the whites?
I have lost two customers due to
this. I have Rhode Island Reds that
were laying quite heavily all Winter
and still keep it up. They are fed
clean grain, oats, corn and wheat
with mash before them all the time.
Occasionally I have a few table
scraps but not often. We have al¬
ways had R. I. Reds but I never have
seen them bloody like they are this
season. Do you Jhink candling them
will help? ' w.h.h.

New York

Blood clots on the egg yolk are
due to natural causes. The egg yolk
develops in a sac, which in turn is
inside another sac. The outside sac
or follicle is richly supplied with
blood vessels, and sometimes as the
yolk drops from the follicle a clot
of blood goes along with it.

Bloody whites are caused by some
blood being exuded from the tissues
of the oviduct as the albumen or egg
white is being formed.

Candling should be followed in
handling all eggs that are retailed.
However, if you explain that it is
something that can easily happen
in egg formation, and offer to re¬
place all such eggs, your customers
may be willing to take your eggs
without their being candled.

If your mash does not contain
cod-liver oil, or a Vitamin D carry¬
ing material, that should be added
and will help to reduce blood clots
or bloody whites. t. b. c.

Intestinal Parasites

My flock of chickens has round
worms. What is the best way to get
rid of them and how to clean up
the yard? E. G.

Round worms are transmitted from
one bird to another through round
worm eggs which pass out of the
intestines in the fecal material.
These eggs when provided with a
suitable temperature and moisture
embryonate or incubate and when
picked up directly, infect other birds.

There are on the market various
worm remedies that can be used
with varying degrees of success. Any
worm remedy will without doubt
knock egg production to a low level.
Some investigators recommend the
use of 1 c.c. capsule of tetra-
chlorethylene. This capsule is pushed
down the esophagus of the bird,
giving individual treatment. For
flock treatment in a single dose, 1
teaspoon of oil of chenopodium
thoroughly mixed with a damp mash
for each 12 birds is recommended.
After treating birds for worms they
should be confined to the pen so
that the worms and eggs that are
expelled can be burned with the
litter.

Eliminate all wet spots in the pen
or yards, and especially around
waterers. Cultivate and rotate yards,
so that the number of infectious
worm eggs may be reduced to a
low level. Screen droppings away
from birds. In the case of the young
stock, rear it away from the old
stock for at least four months, after
which time they are somewhat more
resistant to infection.

Any worm treatment is severe on
the birds. Unless you are losing
birds at an abnormal rate, it may be
better to observe strict sanitation,
and lose a few birds than to com¬
pletely upset production with some
treatment. t. b. c.

Hens in Noisy Place

We have an opportunity to start
a hen business, but the location is
quite near the railroad — with the
trains whistling there — and of course
quite a shaking. We have been told
that this is not conducive to good
egg production. Is this so? c. m.

It would be preferable to have a
poultry plant located where it is
quiet and peaceful. However, at the
institution where I am employed, we
have housing facilities for 2,000 hens,
and these buildings are from 150 to
500 feet from the railroad tracks. I
have never been able to see any ad¬
verse effects either on young chicks
or laying hens. If I could choose, I
should prefer to be some distance
from the railroad, nevertheless.

T. b, c.

Squab Broilers

Can you advise me as to the
preparation of squab chicken for
the table? c. g.

Pennsylvania

Squab chickens or broilers should
be well grown, and well fleshed.
When they are killed and picked,
special care should be taken to see
that they are completely bled. In
picking it is essential that abrasions
or injury be prevented, in so far
as it is possible. After pinning, if
the birds have not been waxed, they
should be singed to remove all hairs.

Squab broilers are usually split,
leaving about one-half of the back¬
bone on each half; so that when the
portions are served in the dining
room, each guest will have an equal
portion. They are easily halved by
sticking the point of the poultry
shears into the abdomen just above
the vent. A cut is then made along
one side of the backbone, half its
length; then cut across the backbone
and along to the crop. The bird can
then be split open and the entrails
removed. Then, with a sharp knife
the breast is cut in half, completing
the splitting of the broiler in two
equal parts.

It should be a universal practice
before the broilers are cut up, to
give the outside a thorough washing
with soap and water; then a good
rinsing before cutting up for cook¬
ing. Some large users of broilers
and other chicks have developed
special technique for their own trade
that might not apply to small scale
operators.

Poultry Feed Costs

How many pounds of feed do I
need for 500 chickens in one month
and how much will that cost? What
kind of food would you recommend?

New York c. k.

Feed required per month for 500
chickens is dependent on many fac¬
tors, but primarily on (1) age and
(2) breed. Light breeds such as
Leghorns require less feed per year
then do the heavier or dual-purpose
breeds. For example, it requires
about 10 to 12 pounds of feed to
grow a chicken to 12 weeks of age.
This varies some, of course, depend¬
ing on size of the bird at that age.
It requires about 30-35 lbs. feed
to gi’ow a pullet from day old to
24 weeks of age. This amount of
feed would also be more or less
dependent on the size of the bird.

After birds are full grown and
start to lay, their requirements for
feed are about as follows: Breeds
such as New Hampshires, R. I. Reds,
and Barred Plymouth Rocks about
102-106 lbs. of feed per bird per
year. For the light breeds such as
White Leghorns, feed consumption
is somewhat lower because of size.
Available figures from Official Egg
Laying Contests indicate a variation
of from 85 to as high as 98 lbs. of
feed per bird per year.

Feed prices vary so much from
time to time that you should con¬
sult your local feed dealer for quo¬
tations. There are on the market
a large number of rations put out
by reputable feed concerns. It would
be best probably for you, not know¬
ing feed requirements, to stick to
a good commercial ration.

Watery Eggs

I am writing to ask you about an
experience I had with some eggs that
I purchased as strictly fresh. When
I attempted to fry these eggs, the
white turned watery, and would not
fry, and the yellow became hard and
flat. Are these eggs diseased or stale,
or is there some other reason for
this happening? None of the eggs
could be used. a. r.

New York

Thin whites and flat yolks are in¬
dications of stale eggs. However, I
see no reason why such eggs could
not be fried.

Your best procedure is to take
this matter up with the retailer
where you purchased these eggs. He
should be able to explain the source
and age of eggs, and I am sure if
anything was wrong with the eggs
he would be anxious to know about
it. T. B. c,

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform
milk price for May 1941 is $1.83 for 3.5
per cent milk in the 201-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk in market¬
ing area) $2.20 per cwt.; Class 1 (outside
non-federal) $2,325 per cwt.; Class 1

(relief) $1.63 per cwt.; Class 2- A (fluid
cream) $2,125 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,899; 2-C,
$1,849; 3-A, $1,776; 3-B, $1,799; 3-C, $1,629;
3-D, $1,574; 4-A, $1,499; 4-B, $1,481.

Fluid sales for the whole month of April
amounted to 203,463,105 pounds and there
was a „otal of 576,960,186 pounds of milk in
the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15 cents;

28 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 3714 to 38c; 91 to 92
score, 3614 to 37c; 88 to 90 score, 3514 to
36c; unsalted, best, 3814c; 90 to 92 score,

3614 to 3714c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 3414c; specials,
3214 c; standards, 2914c; firsts, 29c; under¬
grades, 2814c; exchange mediums, 2914c;
Pacific Coast specials, 3714c; standards, 35c;
mediums, 33c; brown, extra fancy, 3514c;
special, 30c; standards, 29c; mediums, 2914c;
duck eggs, 30c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 214 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, 114 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality. Undergrades and small sizes pro¬
portionately lower.

Fowls, 22c; chickens, 23c; roosters, 14c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 25c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 27c;
capons, 32c; roosters, 18c; squabs, lb. 38c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11; bulls, $9.25; cows, $8; calves,
$13; lambs, $12.60; hogs, $11.15.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $3; stringbeans, bu., $1;
beets, bu., 50c; cabbage, 114-bu., $1; carrots,
50-lbs., $1.50; celery, crate, $2.50; sweet corn,
100, $1.50; cucumbers, bu., $1.25; lettuce,

bu., $3; lima beans, bu., $3; onions, 50 lbs.,
$2.25; peas, bu., $1.25; peppers, bu., $2;
radishes, bu., 75c; spinach, bu., 60c; squash,
bu., $1.25; tomatoes, lug, $2; watercress,
bunch, 5c; potatoes, 100 lbs., $2; sweet po¬
tatoes, bu., $2.25.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1; blackberries, qt., 14c;
huckleberries, qt., 26c; strawberries, qt., 25c;
cherries, qt., 14c; peaches, 14-bkt., $1.25.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, Timothy, $22; No. 2, $21;
No. 3, $18; clover mixed, $25; straw, oat
and wheat, $14.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red, $1.22; corn, No. 2,
yellow, 90V4C; oats. No. 2 white, 48%c; rye,
703/ic; barley, 7414c.

FEED

Bran, $30.60; middlings, $31.60; hominy,
$34.60; cottonseed meal, $36.

BUFFALO FEED MARKET

Mixed feed, $31.50; bran, $27.75; corn,
No. 2, yellow, 80)4c; oats, No. 2, white,
45%c; barley, 55%c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 45 to 47c; eggs, 46 to 48c; string-
beans, lb., 10 to 12c; peas, lb., 15c; chickens,
lb., 35 to 38c; strawberries, qt., 25 to 28c;
cherries, lb., 20 to 25c; huckleberries, qt.,
28 to 35c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 38c; eggs, 32c; live fowls, 22c;
chickens, 21c; dressed fowls, 25c; chickens,
24c; squabs, 38c; apples, bu., $1; asparagus,
doz., $1.50; mushrooms, 3 lbs., 90c potatoes,
100 lbs., $1.75; sweet potatoes, bu., $2.15;
spinach, bu., 50c; tomatoes, %-bkt., $2.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 3714c; eggs, 3014c; hens, 22c;
chickens, 21c; ducks, 15c; apples, bu., $1.25;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $2; hay, $15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $11.50; bulls, $9.25; cows, $8;
calves, $12.25; sheep, $3.75; lambs, $12;
hogs, $10.50.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $10.50; cows, $9; bulls, $9.75;
calves, $12.50; sheep, $5; lambs, $10; hogs,
$11.25.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 36c; eggs, 37c; dressed fowls, 25c;
chickens, 23c; turkeys, 31c; apples, bu.,
$1.75; potatoes, 100 lbs., $2; asparagus, 2-doz.
bunches, $1.75; wool, 46 to 48c.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29-Aug. 1. — Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Aug. 4-7 — Vegetable Growers
Ass’n. of America, Columbus, Ohio.

Aug. 15-Sept. 1. — New York State
Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

IE3 u. 1 1 e t s

S. C. White Leghorns; 3,000, all ages. Ready for
delivery. Range raised. Write, Telephone, or call.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM, East Moriches, N. Y.
(Telephone Center Moriches 427)

Hanson Strain Leghorns

Chicks from two to four year old hen breeders. R.O.P.
Sired Chicks $7.-100; Pullets $14.-100. Hanson Strain
Chicks $6.50-i00; Pullets $13-100. 95% sex Guar.

Cockerels $2.50-100. Four week old Pullets $25-100.
Immed. Del. Postage Paid. Free Cat. C. M. Shellen-
berger’s Poultry Farm Box 34, Richfield, Penna.

PULLETS— HENS

Hanson’s World Record and
Tom Barron Breeding-354
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege. 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now ’‘AAAA’’
mating 40c up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM. Box 304J, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

A. W. ULSH’S (SUPERIOR) CHICKS

Bar. & Wh. Rocks $7.-100; N.H. Reds $7.50-100; Hvy.
Mixed $5.95-100. Postpaid. 100% live del. Cash or
C. O. D. All Breeders Bloodtested. Free Circular.

A. W. Dish’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, pa.

KERR

CHICKS

LIVE

-Kerr 3-
SHic/ceries
rSa'S,V7:

MAPLE LAWN CHICKS

Hatches every Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpaid. Pits. Ckls. Str.

Large Eng. White Leghorns . $12.00 $2.00 $6.00

Barred & White Rocks . 8.50 7.00 7.00

Red-Rock Cross . 8.50 7.00 7.00

R. I. Reds & Wh. Wyandottes - 8.50 7.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds...,. . 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.50 5.50 6.00

Buy Now I Extra Quality! Bred for size and egg pro
duction. All Breeders Bloodtested. Pit's 90% guar
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write for FREE CATALOG
Maple Lawn Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $3.00

White Rocks . 6.00 9.00 6.00

B. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds . 6.00 9.00 6.00

New Hampshire Reds . 6.50 10.00 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.00 5.50

All Breeders Bloodtested for B.W.D. Antigen Method.
We pay all postage. Sexing guar. 95% on ail Pullet
Chicks. Order direct from ad. or write for FREE
Catalog. Cash or C.O.D.. R. W. ELSASSER
POULTRY FARM, Box R, McAlisterville. Pa.

SUNNY SLOPE CHICKS

100% live arrival guar. Postpaid. — Cash or C. O. D.
Order direct from ad. Ail Breeders Bloodtested.
Hatches every Mon. Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.

and Thursday 100 100 100

Large Eng. Wh. Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 9.50 7.00

Bar. & W. Rox. Bd.-Rk. Cr _ 7.00 8.50 7.00

R. 1. Reds & Wh. Wyand . 7.00 8.50 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.50 5.50

Extra quality chicks bred for size & egg production
Pullets guaranteed 90%. Write for FREE CATALOG
Sunny Slope Hatchery, Inc., Dept. R, Thompsontown, Penna.

CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

95% Guar. Pullets Str. Pult’s Ckls.

100% live del. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns. .$7.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds 7.50 9.50 7.50

Red-Rock Cross . 8.00 10.00 7.50

N. H. Reds . 8.50 13.00 7.50

Black Minorcas . 7.00 12.00 3.00

H. Mix $6.50-100. All Breeders Bloodtested. Post¬
paid. Cash or C.O.D. It will pay you to get our
our 1941 Free Catalog of 31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa.

CASH OR C. O. D.- Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. .$5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. Rox, R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.50 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville. Pa.

-4- - - -

QFQumnr-CASHOkCM.
■JitmmoiR. BLoomm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns, Special. . .$7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R, MCALISTERVILLE. PA.

PULLETS- PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send tor circular and complete price list.

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

n Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — Postage Paid.

Will Ship C.O.D. TJnsex. Pits. Ckls.

Sexing Guar. 95% 100 100 100

Br. & Wh. Rocks, R. I. Reds . $7.00 $9.00 $7.00

Rd.-Rk. Cross, S.L.Wy., N. H. Reds 7.00 10.00 6.50
Bl. & Wh. Giants, Lt. Brahmas.. 8.00 11.00 8.00
Breeders Bloodtested. H. Mix $5.95: H. Mix Ckls $6.
HERBSTERS HATCHERY. Box R. McCLURE, Pa.

WHILE THEY LAST

Nearly ready-to-lay White Leghorn pullets. Largo,
full feathered, well pigmented. Write now to

Egg & Apple Farm, Trumansburg,!V.Y.

Chamberlin

W-** POULTRY FARMS 4

BARRED ROCKS

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers!
Also sexed pullets, coek-
erels. Folder. Chamber¬
lin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro, Vt.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish. Dark Cornish. Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford. Pa.

BIG CHICK BARGAINS

White St Black Giants. Lt. Brahmas, $IBV.95

N. H. Reds, White & Barred Rocks . "per

Dark Cornish 12c ea. Mix above breeds $5.95 M 100
100. Send no Money. Chicks & Postage C.O.D. 100%

Alive. EWING’S HATCHERY, BOX 2, McCLURE, PA.

- MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Barred and White Rocks, New Hampshires, Rock-Red
Cross $7.-100; White Giants $9.00; Heavy Mixed $6.00.
Postpaid. Cash or C. O. D. Free Circular.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

Pll 1 lpfc From Now York State
— ■ ul**-*9 Certified hens. 3000

Ls. c. w.

EGHORN * *■.**«. lO Certified
production bred: disease free; vaccinated; rich clover
range reared. Circular. EDWARD MAYER & SON,
Bridgchampton, Long Island, New York

PHTflfQ New Hampshires, Barred Rocks, White
Leghorns. $5.75-100. C.O.D. shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Black Leghorn Pullets a>^tstownon'nB0Xjr’

nillMFA mif day chicks available

-V". 11:3 each Tuesday. 50 for $10.50.

LINWOOD FARM, Box 391, RHINEBECK. N. Y.

BRONZE POULTS for July and August. Prices
dd«ud. rB25,ym type. Flocks bloodtested.

BRAMBLE POULTRY FARM, Chestertown, Md.

423

)

News From

Cooler weather with frequent rains
during the month of June partly over¬
came the effects of the drought and
some of the unseasonably hot days
that prevailed during the previous
month, and as a consequence, the
condition of all crops in New Jersey
has been greatly improved. This was
especially noticeable with the trans¬
planted crops of cabbage, cauliflower,
tomatoes, peppers, and sweet pota¬
toes. Sweet corn, lettuce, beans, cu¬
cumbers, cantaloupes, watermelons,
and all vine crops made rapid and
thrifty growth in June.

The harvest of wheat, oats, and
barley is expected to be about 420,000
bushels shorter than in 1940. The
hay crop prospect is one of the poor¬
est in years, and the June condition
of pasture in only 56 per cent or
normal, as compared with 88 per cent
at the same date last year. Despite
the larger acreage harvested, New
Jersey farmers had this year only
408,000 crates of strawberries to offer
as compared with 440,000 crates sold
in 1940, when the crop was of moder¬
ate size.

Lettuce also is considerably re¬
duced by the unfavorable weather,
the harvest being only 320,000 crates,
or 55,000 crates less than last year.
The prospects for snap beans, beets,
carrots, spring celery, sweet corn,
onions, green peas and peppers are
not promising. The apple crop will
be very short this year due to the
unusually heavy drop of fruit caused
by insufficient precipitation during
May and excessive temperature. The
prospect for the peach crop is better
than for apples but the harvest will
be smaller than last year.

The preliminary estimate of the
acreage of watermelons planted this
year is 1,100 acres, as compared with

I, 400 acres harvested in 1940. The
condition of peppers is 73 per cent of
normal. The acreage planted this
year is 7,200 acres, as compared with
6,900 acres harvested in 1940. The
tomatoes for market is reported at
71 per cent of a mormal crop. The
number of acres planted is approxi¬
mately 10,000 as compared with

II, 000 acres harvested last year. The
preliminary estimate of cucumbers
for the year’s average is 2,800 acres,
as compared with 2,300 acres har¬
vested last year.

Lime Increases Tomato Yields

Cash income from Monmouth
County’s tomato crop could be in¬
creased over one hundred thousand
dollars by the simple expedient of
applying more lime to tomato fields.

Such was the belief expressed by
County Agent M. A. Clark in com¬
menting on the recently published
finding of the New Jersey tomato
survey of the State Agricultural
Experiment Station. That survey,
covering the last three years and
including this county’s 4,000 acre
tomato industry, gave further weight
to recommendations the County Ex¬
tension Service has long placed be¬
fore local growers.

“An analysis of production records
on more than 300 New Jersey tomato
fields,” Clark said, “revealed in strik¬
ing fashion that a lack of lime in
the soil is the most important single
cause of low yields.

It is apparent that many a grower
who is getting but five to six tons
to the acre could boost his yield to
10 tons if the required amount of
lime were applied. Many growers,
by spending $7 an acre for lime,
could increase their cash returns
$25 to $45 an acre. Thus the key to
a substantial addition to Monmouth’s
cash income from tomatoes is a more
generous use of lime.

Keep Eggplants Growing

To secure a high yield, eggplants
must be kept growing continually,
and must therefore be well supplied
with available nutrients in the soil,
according to M. A. Clark, county
agricultural agent, Monmouth
County.

In addition to the heavy appli¬
cation of fertilizer which has been
applied to the field before plant
setting, side dressing with a com¬
plete fertilizer containing five per
cent of nitrogen, 10 per cent of
phosphorus, and 10 per cent of
potash; at 10-day or two- week inter¬
vals and applying at the rate of from
200 to 300 pounds to the acre per
application will keep these plants

the RURAL NEW-YORKER

New Jersey

growing into sturdy shoots for the
development of their fruits.

An abundance of moisture is neces¬
sary for the production of eggplants
because the large leaves which the
eggplants produce evaporate large
quantities of soil moisture. It is,
therefore, important that the roots
penetrate into the sub-soil so as to
avail themselves of the sub-soil
moisture. On poorly drained soils,
irrigation may be necessary.

The last application of the side
dressing of fertilizer should be ap¬
plied when the first full crop of egg¬
plants is being harvested. When egg¬
plants are planted on soils which
have a tendency to dry out rather
rapidly, a mulch of salt hay or other
mulching material may be advisable
to conserve soil moisture.

Agricultural Society Elects Officers

The New Jersey Agricultural So¬
ciety, granted its charter by the
Legislature in 1840 and revived last
year, elected as president J. W. H.
Thornborrow, Millville truck crop
grower, who is president of the Vine-
land fruit and vegetable auction
market and a member of the State
Board of Agriculture, at the first
annual meeting of the Society, held
in Trenton recently. Other officers
elected included: E. A. Gauntt of
Cranbury, vice-president; William
C. Lynn, Trenton, secretary and
W. H. Allen, Trenton, treasurer.

John W. Wilkinson

SAVINGS 3
EARN MOP c

Interest compounded

semi-an¬

nually. Send post card NOW for
FREE booklet on safe, profitable
Banking by Mail plan.

CITY & COUNTY SAVINGS BANK
DEPT. B ALBANY, N. Y.

You

cannot afford
to risk damage now.
USE American Liquid
Roof Cemenf, the favorite for o
generation. Unlood your roof troubles on
us and save yourself work, worry and money.
Thousands of satisfied customers everywhere.

American Oil & Paint Co., Dept. B, Cleveland, 0.

Profitable territories open for good salesmen!

goats |

Gnafc Fnp Cnl (* * Goo<? grade Swiss;
uu<1,:5 r Saanen. Low Prices.

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Road, Washington, N. J.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 427.

Help Wanted

COUPLE, WHITE, Christian, general house¬
work, experienced cook. Gardener, handy¬
man, drive. Give references, wages.
EBELING, 1060 Central Ave., Plainfield,
N. J.

WANTED — Ambitious girl for office work
and light housekeeping for business couple.
Good home; permanent. State wages. P. O.
BOX 1763, Paterson, N. J.

WANTED — First class farmer, over draft
age, married. Must have full experience
breeding cattle. Furnish best references.
Excellent salary and living conditions. New
Jersey farm, 60 miles from New York. AD¬
VERTISER 2025, care Rural New-Yorker.

BUTCHER — All around country slaughter¬
house man. Steady work. ADVERTISER
2063, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Woman to help with canning
and preserving. Will consider mother
with child. Reply ADVERTISER 2064, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MOTHER’S HELPER, preferably 18 to 20
years of age, no young children in family.
Time will be given for recreation as well
as teaching applicant to cook; wages $25
a month, including board. Nice home for
the right girl. Communicate by letter or
telephone, MRS. HOWARD S. TIERNEY,
Greens Farms, Conn.

WANTED — Healthy, strong boy, or elderly
man, or farmerette on farm. WARD
WELCH, Jefferson, N. Y.

CARETAKER, SMALL dairy farm, handle
stock and milk; inside work only. Room
and board. State experience and wages.
EXCELSIOR GOAT FARM, Penwell Rd„
Washington, N. J.

CARPENTER WANTED for work on farm;

$60 per month, good room and board.
Write BOX 42, Jefferson Valley, N. Y.

COUPLE — Settled, reliable, no childn
Woman, general housework, plain coc
ing, no laundry. Man, general estate wo
garden, care livestock. Must be neat. Sm
house; two girls, age 7 and 3 years. Ref
£’R’ SCHAAL, 27 Red °ak La;
White Plains, N. Y.

WANTED — Middleaged couple; clean, in¬
dustrious, responsible, non-drinkers. Must
stand medical inspection. Experienced m
gardening, fruits and dairy, handy with
tools, driver’s license. Wife, good house¬
keeper and cook. The right people will
have a nice room, modern conveniences in
owners cottage. Farm is small and the herd,
high-class milk goats. State wages. Give
references. Which must certify ability and
character. ADVERTISER 2065, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GIRL, YOUNG, white for general house¬
work in attractive, modern Great Neck,
Long Island home. One appreciating decent
treatment; own- room and bath. Salary $50.
State age, references, fullest particulars.
ADVERTISER 2066, care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE MIDDLEAGED couple for per¬
manent position in family of three adults
and one child. Woman general housework,
washing sent out. Man, garden and lawns.
Salary $80 with hoard. State age and ex¬
perience. THEODORE S. HOPE, Katonah,
New York.

WANTED BOY, 14-17, helper; learn poultry,
painting; board and $10 monthly. ADVER¬
TISER 2071, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER OF middleage wanted by
lady living alone in suburban New York.
Wages $30. MRS. DANIEL GORDON,
Pleasantville, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man, general work on
dairy farm; good milker. $60 and board.
R. E. BORGESON, R. F. D. No. 2, Litchfield,
Conn.

WANTED — Single man for general dairy
farming. Good dry-hand milker; $50
monthly. HAROLD GANTNIER, Danbury,
Conn.

MIDDLEAGED, SINGLE, farmhand; 50 acres,
small dairy. Moderate wages; no liquor.
CLARENCE SMITH, Route 1, Belmar, N. J.

WANTED — Handyman on small Maryland
farm; $20 monthly, room, board. Refer¬
ences. No drinkers. ADVERTISER 2076,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A competent man on small
dairy, one willing to advance as the farm
grows; good board. Only a sober experi¬
enced man need apply. Write fully ex¬
perience and wage wanted to D. WALLS,
R. D. 2, Binghamton, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man for milking and
general farm work with team and possi¬
bly tractor. $45 and board with bonus. AD¬
VERTISER 2078, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Gardener for flowers, chickens,
lawns, vegetables; no milking. Every
Sunday off. $35 and board plus bonus. AD¬
VERTISER 2079, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN as helper on commercial
poultry farm, Westchester County. Men¬
tion age, weight, height, wages and refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2080, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Single man on progressive poul¬
try breeding farm. Steady job with good
pay to interested party. State full par¬
ticulars first letter including salary. J.
DOUGLASS CHAMBERLIN, Cranbury, N. J.

Situations Wanted

SITUATION WANTED: Middleaged, married
man, no children, superintendent, care¬
taker or foreman, no milker. For interview,
BOX 284, Lee, Mass.

CARETAKER, AMERICAN, married, former
church sexton; capable of all general re¬
pairs, gardening, poultry, heating plant.
HERBERT HAUSER, 1725 Linden St..
Brooklyn, N. Y.

SITUATION WANTED, housekeeper, experi¬
enced, good cook; Protestant. DUNN, P. O.
Box 96, Grand Central Annex, New York.

WIDOW MIDDLEAGED would like house¬
keepers position; country preferred.
ETHEL GREEN, Vernon, N. Y.

BOY 16, wants vacation work on farm.

HENRY SCHAAL, 592 Oak Terrace,
Bronx, N. Y.

HIGH SCHOOL student, city bred, is anxi¬
ous to learn farm work. Will leave com¬
pensation entirely to judgment of employer.
ADVERTISER 2040, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERT FARM, dairy manager, all
branches; specialty Guernseys, Leghorns.
Results. ADVERTISER 2049, care Rural
New-Yorker.

ALLROUND MARRIED American farmer
and son wants position. Both can handle
team, tractor and all farm machinery. Not
afraid of hard work or long hours. Both
willing and trustworthy workers. Salary to
include house and privileges. Write full
particulars. ADVERTISER 2052, care Rural
New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 32, single, Jewish, desires
to do light work on farm. No experience.
ADVERTISER 2054, care Rural New-Yorker.

ENGINEER, REFRIGERATION and station¬
ary, licensed New Jersey, qualified to
take charge of any mechanical work; de¬
sires position in small town or estate. Good
references. ADVERTISER 2055, care Rural
New-Yorker.

RESPONSIBLE WORKING manager, full
charge, private place where conscientious
man desired; married, girls, 12, 14. 25 years
experience all phases of farming, stock,
machinery; sober character, competent,
trustworthy, excellent references. Previous
position satisfactory 10 years. ADVERTISER
2072, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED as farm manager, ex¬
perienced in crops and purebred cattle.
Married, 2 children. Excellent references.
ADVERTISER 2060, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED TEACHER, middleaged,
best of references. Taught last year, also
attended Summer school. ADVERTISER
2067, care Rural New-Yorker.

SITUATION WANTED; Chicken farm,
strong, 33, willing, references, some experi¬
ence. ADVERTISER 2073, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUPLE, RELIABLE, cook, serve, house¬
work; garden, lawn, handy repairs. AD¬
VERTISER 2082, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER, EXPERIENCED, or work as
handyman. BOX 402, Millerton, N. Y.

GARDENER, SINGLE, elderly man; wishes
position with private family. Good milker,
handy with tools. MANN, care F. Beck, 733
Gates Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

CHRISTIAN, CULTURED, American lady,
wishes housekeeping in adult home.
Gentleman’s home preferred. Capable. P. O.
BOX 336, Montclair, N. J.

MAN 40, wishes position as groom, helper
on poultry farm; caretaker on private
estate. Own room. Go anywhere. Good
home to high wages. Year around job.
Kindly state details in first letter; snapshot
if wanted. ADVERTISER 2081, care Ruarl
New-Yorker.

|_g- Country Board |

BOARDERS WANTED, comfortable country
house with all modem conveniences; bath,
electricity, telephone. Pleasant location on
main road, near village, churches and stores.
Bus passes door; 65 miles from New York
City. Reasonable rates. MRS. R. FITZ¬
GERALD, House-in-the-Pines, R. F. D. 1,
Montgomery, N. Y.

FARM BOARD, 1,500 feet high, nice views,
all conveniences, bathing, near golf
course. MRS. CHAS. DAVIS, R. 2, Port
Jervis, N. Y.

RIVERSIDE FARMS, large modern home
by river; swimming. Shady screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

TWO VACANCIES in a small convalescent
home for chronic, bedridden, convalescent
or elderly patients. Excellent food, good
care; from _$25 weekly. ADVERTISER 2023,
care Rural New-Yorker.

VACATION IN woods; learn trees. State
approved camp. Good food. DEERFIELD
FORESTERS, Cooperstown, N. Y.

WANTED — Boarders on farm, $12 week.
L. A. THOMPSON, Deposit, N. Y.

VACATION — Wm. Neill’s modern farm.
Bethel, N. Y. Games, home cooking, own
products, swimming near; $14-$15 weekly.

RIPPLE FALLS Farm, a beautiful, quiet
vacation spot. $13 weekly. ELSIE AHL-
QUIST, Callicoon, N. Y.

A JOLLY kindly mother will board or
nurse, cheap, a lonely elderly person, who
would appreciate kindness on a modern
farm. Write MARY HADDEN, Athens, N. Y.

BOARDERS WANTED, low rates, MAR¬
JORIE McCLELLAN FLINT, Randolph, Vt.

MOUNTAIN REST, Tourist Home, Shenan-
doah Valley. Modem, screened porches.
$7 and $8 weekly. Route 2, Edinburg, Va.

WANTED — Boarders on farm in Shenan¬
doah Valley. Dollar— day. L. HOTINGER,
Parnassus, Va.

KEYSTONE VALLEY Farm, Wysox Pa
near Towanda, R. 6. Modern, bathing; $8
week.

vv mMiriU xawivirj ior gin ot b years, not
over $10 per month; prefer farm. ADVER¬
TISER 2059, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED COUPLE or two gentlemen,

Christians; share nicely furnished bunga¬
low; man alone BOX 32, Yorktown, N. Y.

miscellaneous

70 QUILTS $4-$30. Crib quilts, rugs, new
peace’ aprons 75cts. Circular. Quilting
done. VERA FULTON, Gallipolis, Ohio.

FOR SALE: Hobbs trailer, practically new
very reasonable. ADVERTISER 2036, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED CORRESPONDENCE courses, on
agriculture, dairying, fruit, poultry, mar¬
ket gardening, horticulture; complete. Good
condition. Cheap. ADVERTISER 2038, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — House trailer, good condition.

CHARLES HALLIER, 19 Lexington St.,
Hamden, Conn.

PURE LEATHER colored Italian queen bees,
50cts each; 20 or more 40cts. each. Imme¬
diate shipments. JASPER KNIGHT, Hayne-
ville, Alabama.

THREE PATRIOT aprons $1; patriot quilt
tops $1.50; 5 linen tatting edge handker¬
chiefs $1. EMMA DOWNING, Topsham, Vt.

BUCKEYE INCUBATOR No. 8 in perfect

operating condition. Total capacity 6,144
eggs, 1,536 weekly. Bargain at $200. RUTH
WAY CORBETT, Meadow View Farm,
Kennett Square, Penna.

vvAJNiED — A used, but in good condition,
Papec silage cutter; also, silo, 12 ft. in
diameter, 28 ft. high. Convenient to
Carmel, N. Y. S. W. HUFF, Carmel, N. Y.

Fruits and Foods

FROZEN SOUR cherries for cherry pies the
year around. Best size, color and flavor
anyone can produce. We pack in 30 lb. and
10 lb. tins. Cherries all pitted and sugar
with them. All necessary after thawed out
is to cook them, put into cans and seal
while hot. Express prepaid within 400 miles.
Cheapest and best way to get sour cherries
for home use, for anyone outside of the
heavy cherry growing sections. We start
shipping July 29 and every Tuesday till
Case Farm stock is exhausted. If interested
in having the finest of cherries next Winter
write for details. B. J. CASE, Sodus, N. Y.

— 7t jT., ,T . . uu*« iiuuey, o ids.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid and
comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Most healthful sweet. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone; 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬

ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

HONEY: 60 best clover $4.50; 28, $2.25 not

prepaid; 10 postpaid $1.50. Satisfaction
guaranteed. F. W. LESSER, Fayetteville,
New York.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb 75c-
3 |bs. $2, prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

424

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

With 2 Kerr “Self-Sealing”
emblems from any Kerr Mason
Jar Carton ... or tops and bot¬
toms from any 2 Kerr Mason
Cap Cartons or tops and
toms from any 4 Kerr Mason
Lid Cartons. Take Your Choice.
Send for Yours fV

Mail coin and emblems to
KERR GLASS MFG. CORP.

Dept 446, Meriden, Conn.

Full deails on how to ob¬
tain other units in this
charming silver plate will
be enclosed with your 6
teaspoons.

This offer is void in any state or
political subdivision where same
is prohibited or restricted by law.

International
Silver Co.

Ask tor Kerr Mason

Jars, Caps c5 Lids by name!

Can at home — Serve your own healthful home

canned foods . . . SAVE MONEY. TIME and

ENERGY. . . USE KERR MASON JARS, CAPS
and LIDS, for they ARE BEST

Kerr Jars and Caps

r DPr "H°me Can-
* ning in 12

Short Lessons". . .
Send 10c for KERR’S
Home Canning Book
Recipes and full
instructions.

KERR MASON JAR
CO.

446 Title Ins. Bldg.,
Los Angeles, Calif ,
... or Box 446,
Sand Springs, Okla.

NOW!. ..NED
EATS BREAD

A cute little urchin named Ned
Just couldn’t be made to eat bread;

He frowned at his plate

And said, “ Bread , I just hate”-~

“/ know what I’ll do,” Mother said.

★

She purchased some MACA that day
And MACA-made bread proved the way
To tempt her small boy;

Now he eats bread with joy —

He’s happy, and husky, and gay!

MaCA YEAST acts fast and keeps with¬

out refrigeration. Get a supply from your
grocer today, and keep it handy on your
pantry shelf. Use it as you would any other
fresh yeast, and see how it gives home
bakings that grand old-fashioned flavor
that everyone loves. Remember: Every
package is dated for your protection l

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Wiilnot soil or injure anything.
Lasts all season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, Inc.,
160 De Kalb Ave..B’klyn,N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

He brings *ee flowers every dky;
I cherish them for his delight.
Each straggly but bright bouquet,

A thing of beauty in his sight.

Bluets and buttercups he brings,
Clover bloom and all the rest,
Paint brush and daisies, but I think
He likes the dandelions best.

Oh You, who make the flowers grow.
You must be very wise
To make them all so lovely
To a little boy’s eyes.

Edith Shaw Butler

4-H Camp in Washington

The list of accomplishments of the
boys and girls from the various
states who were delegates to the 4-H
Camp in Washington, D. C. last
month indicates something very
valuable in our rural life. While
these chosen boys and girls (two
boys and two girls from each state)
represent “tops” in 4-H achievement,
according to the judgment of their
state leaders, back of them is a great
army of rural youth coming along
with the same problems and objec¬
tives. Some may not get so far as
others or develop as many projects,
but any experience in working to¬
gether in groups and in friendly
competition for an objective will
prove of greatest value in later life.
As the world is shaping up today
we shall certainly need the best that
‘head, heart, hands and health’ can
produce, and these boys and girls
should be given every encourage¬
ment in their work. c. b. w.

Fill the Cans

Every day something comes up in
the news which impresses one with
the great need of conserving all our
food supplies. To anyone with a
thrifty vegetable garden, and that
means most of our readers, it is a
challenge to serve as much as possi¬
ble from the garden now while it is
fresh and to can and preserve the
rest of it so that none may go to
waste. Of course that means work
but it also means independence and
better health during the Fall and
Winter months, with something to
share, perhaps, with needier families.

Then, too, when you’re busy with
knitting and other defense hand
work, as most of us will be later on,
there will be real satisfaction in
knowing that there is an ample
supply of home canned goods in
reserve to save both time and
money. c. b. w.

Jelly and Canning Helps

With open kettle canning, therp’s
bound to be a little syrup left. I
add maple flavoring and bottle it.
The maple fruit flavor is grand on
waffles and hot cakes.

A clean new vegetable brush is
part of my jelly-making equipment.
When the jelly is done, I set it aside
in the kettle, then brush over the
top of it. The scum sticks to the
brush and is easily rinsed off under
the warm water faucet. This way
there’s not as much loss of jelly as
there is with a skimmer.

Save the syrup left from pickled
fruits, such as peaches, figs, melon
rind, etc. These make delicious
flavorings for pork roasts and fowl.

My embroidery hoop isn’t much
used for its intended purpose these
days, but it has proved to be just
the thing to hold the jelly bag open
while pouring hot fruit into it. I
catch the top of a homemade muslin
bag or a 10-pound sugar sack in
the hoop and pierce holes on oppo¬
site sides. Run through these a cord
long enough so that the bag can be
hung from it. There’s not much
danger of spilling when the jelly bag
is held open this way.

I’ve discovered the easiest way of
marking my jars of fruits, preserves,
and pickles. It’s with a wax crayon,
while the glass is still warm. When
the jars cool, the label is clear and
doesn’t rub off. But it does wash
off easily in warm, sudsy water.

Nebraska g. a. r.

N. E. Casserole Dish

One can tuna fish, one can mush¬
room soup, one - third package
noodles, one small onion, celery salt,
one-half cup milk.

Put all together, cover with bread
crumbs and bake three-fourths of
an hour. mrs. m. m.d.

The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest

Now is the time for all good
Handicrafters who have listed cro¬
cheting as a hobby, and all other
women readers of The R. N.-Y., of
any age, who wield a speedy crochet
needle, to enter our Speed Crochet
Contest. In cooperation with 'the
National Needlework Guild, The
Rural New-Yorker is sponsoring
this contest, to be run off in the
Harriet May Mills Building at the
New York State Fair in Syracuse
on Monday, August 25th.

All 'you have to do to enter is to
send in promptly the coupon printed
below for which you will receive full
details, together with a picture of
the pattern to be used and directions
for making the design. Every con¬
testant works from the same pattern,
with the same kind of thread and
same size crochet hook and furnishes
her own materials. The winner will

be the one who crochets the most,
completed medallions, or motifs, in
one hour by stop watch, and for this
feat she will not only receive a
cash prize of $25 but also the title
“Lady Nimble Fingers.” A second
prize of $15 and a third one of $10
will also be awarded by the judges
and in case of a tie the quality of
the work will be the determining
factor.

Besides the honors to the prize
winners, every contestant and all
the on-lookers will have lots of fun
and excitement, so send in your
coupon right now and come to the
State Fair in Syracuse for the “Battle
of the Crochet Needles” on August
25th. The sooner you get the di¬
rections, the more time you will
have for speed practice. All coupons
must be post marked not later than
midnight, August 17th.

Entry in R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest

Please enroll me in The Rural New-Yorker Speed Crochet
Contest, to take place on August 25, 1941, in the Harriet May
Mills Building at the New York State Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.
I agree to abide by the decision of the judges.

- Name .

Address .

Date

July 12, 1941

AN UNUSUAL
OPPORTUNITY
To Have Your
Own Business

Write us today, giving your age and
outlining your past experience, and
we will send you complete informa¬
tion. To avoid delay, address:

MARTIN W. LAMMERS

Supt. of Agencies

FARMERS AND TRADERS
LIFE INSURANCE CO.

HOME OFFICE — SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Established 1912 Assets $10,038,460.00

SECTIONAL STEEL GARAGES
SS? wood $158 AND UP

Shipped Anywhere
Easily Erected.

•

Steel Building* tor All
Purposes

•

Write for Information.

John Cooper Co., 301 Second St., Hackensack, N. J.

All kinds of new and reconditioned Dine for water
systems, greenhouses, irrigations, fences, etc.
Cut to sketch and stocked. Also —

FITTINGS, VALVES, PUMPS and SUPPLIES

Write us your wants and let us quote you prices.

ALBERT PIPE SUPPLY CO.. Inc.
Berry & No. 13 th St. Brooklyn, N. Y.

THE GLADIOLUS

By Forman T. McLean

A new book for the home gardener.

<fcO OO New York City residents
rriteqjZ.UU add 2% for Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W. 30th Street New York City

Forty Years a
Country Preacher

By Rev. G. B. Gilbert

The Pastoral Parson

| FORTY YEARS
< A COUNTRY

GEORGE B. GILBERT ;

Price $2.75 Postpaid

2% Sales Tax additional for New
York City residents.

For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30lh St., New York City

Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER

425

For Your Guest Room

Much advice has been given on
the behavior of the perfect guest
and how to qualify as a perfect
hostess. We read of and see many
illustrations of the perfect guest
room, with advice to the hostess to
sleep in it herself once in awhile in
order to discover its imperfections.

Sometime ago I had the privilege
of spending a night as a paying
guest in a beautiful home that evi¬
dently had been planned and built
with much forethought, yet my
room, so lovely at first sight, was
sadly lacking in many details.

A friend was to call for me late
the next morning, but unfortunately
I woke very early and could only
guess at the time, there being no
clock in the room and I had for¬
gotten to wear my watch, leaving
home in a hurry.

Then too, I had carelessly neg¬
lected the pen and pencil that usu¬
ally go wherever 1 go. Strangely
enough there were no writing ma¬
terials of any sort in the room, nor
was there a book or magazine.

Disliking to prowl around in a
strange house at the risk of waking
the sleeping immates, and unable to
sleep again, several precious hours
were wasted that otherwise might
have been profitably spent.

With time to ponder over these
things — and of course giving myself
due share of the blame — I resolved
to put in my own guest chambers
a small clock, an assortment of
magazines and books, and writing
materials in the bedside table drawer.
An extra pillow, too, is a good sug¬
gestion for those who sleep better
with the head higher than one
pillow allows.

Obviously, no one expects hotel
privileges in a private house but
when the same rates are charged —
or even higher than the usual tour¬
ist house prices — then one does feel
entitled to a comfortable bed if
nothing more. Lauretta Hale

Quick Picnic Meals

Did you ever have to refuse to
go on an outing with a friend or
the children, because you did not
have time to prepare a lunch? I did,
until I began to keep picnic boxes
on my pantry shelf. And now I am
ready to go at any time.

I keep two or three cardboard
boxes on the pantry shelf all ready
packed with a lunch. A jar of
sandwich spread, a jar of pickles or
olives, a can of cheese, a can of cold
meat to slice, a jar of jelly or jam
and a box of cookies and graham
crackers is a sample of what I pack
in each one. Then with a loaf of
bread and some fresh fruit, I can
have a lunch ready in a few minutes.

In hot weather, if company un¬
expectedly arrives for supper, I fill
the pitchers with tea and milk,
collect some fruit, take down a picnic
box or two and out in the yard we
go to eat. (We have a picnic table
and bench in the yard). Because
there has been no trouble of prepa¬
ration, I can enjoy my guests the
more. Having a menu all packed
in a box is much less trouble than
to try to keep such things on a shelf.
For the very time they are wanted,
we find someone has used a jar of
this or a can of that. g. a. r.

Nebraska

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“Would anyone be interested to
correspond with a woman over 60,
living in the country? I like music,
reading and cooking.”

New Hampshire miss l. c. l.

“I would be pleased to exchange
whatever you suggest for articles,
books, pamphlets, recipes on herbs
and also for buttons.”

New York miss m. c. w.

“My hobby is collecting post
marks. I am also very interested in
crocheting and flowers. Would like
to hear from those who care to
write.” mrs. h. g.

New York

“A little lonely, I would enjoy
hearing from any one interested in
flowers, good books, (especially on
travel) or who has any new ideas
in cabinet work for interior decora¬
tion.” miss F. L.

Vermont

Summer Pick-Up Work

2875 — Wondering what to crochet for that
new baby — or for war relief work? This
set of Shetland Floss jacket, cap and bootees
are practical and easy to do! Pattern 2875
contains directions for set; illustrations of
it and stitches; materials needed; photo¬
graph of pattern stitch.

7004 — Looks like applique, doesn’t it? But
it’s ' just easy cross stitch cleverly used
and set off by other quick stitchery. Put
these varied motifs on many linens. Pattern
7004 contains a transfer pattern of 30
motifs ranging from 6(4x5 inches to 1!4x1%
inches; materials needed; illustrations of
stitches.

Price of patterns 10 cents (in coin) each.
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th Street, New York City, N. Y.

Those Elderberries

May I add my bit to the lore
of elderberry cookery?

A very old Black Forest treat calls
for elderflowers washed free of bugs
and pollen, then broken to palm-size
pieces, with inch-long stems left on
to hold them by, then dipped in thin
pancake batter and fried in rather
deep fat. They look like fried lace
and make a dainty and unusual
tidbit.

Another European dish is ripe
elderberries, crushed, cooked and
strained, then added, instead of
water, to apples cooked for apple¬
sauce. This gives a rich color and
tastes delicious.

Third, also European, is a thick
syrup, made of cooked and strained
elderberries, boiled down slowly
with quite a lot of sugar, until thick
as molasses. Canned in sterilized
jars it keeps indefinitely and is de¬
licious over waffles or pancakes, or
on bread and butter. One of our
friends reports that she uses it over
ice cream instead of chocolate sauce,
and claims it makes a great hit with
her frineds. j. s.

Canning Tomatoes With
Corn

This recipe which we printed sev¬
eral years ago is repeated at the
request of a reader who has found
it most successful.

Cut corn from cob, fill a jar
three-fourths full and the balance is
filled up with tomatoes that have
been skinned and cut in small pieces.
Process 40 minutes. This corn,
plus the tomatoes, makes a delight¬
ful vegetable when cooked in Winter,
as also it can be varied with lima
beans to make succotash, and used
in corn-tomato soups. The acid
from tomatoes keeps the corn.

Berries

Sugar.

#£££& W/£ CWAfir
TfMT f/£lP£0
/HM£/H£A

J£UV
C/M/UP/ON

EXPERT ! Mrs. Carrie Parker,
of Littleton, New Hampshire,
who won $100 First Prize at the
1940 N. Y. World’s Fair for her
strawberry jam made with Certo.

JUST COMPARE

the old way

Mrs. A, after cleaning
l crushing her berries,

5 ready to start making
jam at nine o’clock.

The red band on the
tie indicates amount of
it and juice that Mrs. A
t f romherberries(4 cups) .
ie berries cost 16} 2(4 a
lart — 2 quarts 33(4.

• Mrs. A added 2 pounds
sugar to her berries.

he sugar cost 5(4 per pound

-2 pounds 10(4.

’* Following the old pound
«r pound” standard recipe,
drs A had to boil the fruit

tnd sugar about 30 minutes

jefore the jam thickened
•o the desired consistency.

This long boil evaporated
one-half of the original
weight of the berries and
carried off much of the
natural fresh fruit flavor
as fragrant steam.

5. When Mrs. A poured
her jam, she found she had
6 glasses. The cost:

33(4

10(4 g
0 43(4 V

7 1/6(4

The 6 glasses of jam that
Mrs. A made cost an average

of at least 7 1/6(4 per glass.

It took 45 minutes for
rs. A to make her 6 glasses
jam. It was nine-forty-
re when she finished.

Vf 1

III

WITH certo

1. Mrs. B was ready to
start her jam-making at
nine o’clock, too.

2. Mrs. B, using the same
quantity of berries
(2 quarts), got the same
amount of fruit and juice
(4 cups). Berries cost 16^(4
a quart — 2 quarts 33(4.

3. Mrs. B added 3 lbs. of 5 1

sugar (an extra pound be- >|
cause she knew none of her ,

fruit juice would boil
away). The sugar cost 5(4
per lb. — 3 lbs. 15(4.

4. Mrs. B brought her fruit
and sugar to a full rolling
boil, boiled hard for 3 l
minutes, removed from the
stove, and added }4 bottle
of Certo. Certo is simply
the jellifying substance of
fruit in concentrated liquid

form. At about 24(4 per
bottle, the Vi bottle Mrs.

B used cost about 12(4.

S. Mrs. B got 10 glasses of

the same size as Mrs. A s
from her berries. The cost :

Berries .

Sugar. . .

Certo (34 bottle). . . ._2*E
10) 60(4

6(4

The 10 glasses cost only 6(4
per glass. Note how Certo
pays for itself in increased
yield — saves time, fuel.

6. Mrs.B’s 10 glassesof jam
were made in just 15 min¬
utes. She was all through at
nine-fifteen. And it had cost

her nothing to use Certo!

.4 Product of General Foods

iv/r/Y C£#ro / r's ease
to jeu /uc E/eu/rs

EVE/V FOR A
BE6//VA/EE L/XE /HE/

BEGINNER! Ethel Cundall, of
Brighton, Colorado, who found she
didn't need experience to make per¬
fect jams and jellies when she used
no-fuss, no-guess Certo.

426

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 12. 1941

' j bO/> 'PAfOUGHT

WHiti / W mail .

■ROOf COAT' saysunclzned.

ES...
EN YEA

A GALLON

IN S^GAL. CANS

.Prices slightly higher
L in south and west A

SEEMS to mea'man’s'plumb
foolish to order roof coat¬
ing by mail . . . then wait days
. . . maybe weeks for delivery.
Just go to your local hardware,
paint or building supply dealer
and ask for Rutland No-Tar-In.
You’ll save money — and get it
right then and there.

"Rutland Roof Coating
waterproofs better and wears
longer,* too. Because it isn’t
loaded with solvents that evap¬
orate the minute you turn your
back. More material stays on —
forming a heavy, tough film of
asphalt and^asbestos that
doesn’t crawl, crack or peel.
There’s not a*dropfof tar in
Rutland. It’s ideal for all roofs
except shingles.” — Uncle Ned : ,
P. S. For badly* worn . holes,'
around flashings, etc. first apply
Rutland No.^4 Roof.Cement.^

Even a hand¬
kerchief sheds
water when
coated with
Rutland No-
Tar-In... proof
it makes leaky
roofs tight as
new.,

FREE

Unde Ned’s 100 How-to-Fix-lts. Tells you how to repair
all kinds of roofs — mend broken plaster — fix leaks in
furnaces and do 9 7 other jobs. Mail post card to Rutland
Fire Clay Co., Dept. RN-7, Rutland, Vt. "

HI-POWER TELESCOPE
/jfk This -wonderful telescope 32'"’
fy/rn? 5*n lnn°l extended, 11%"

closed: compound system of lens-
_ es; for clarity of vision and
t definition. Power 10 di-

Wltbthts ameters (100 magni-

raarpoloua Instm- fication). Automa-

meat you can study tic adjustment

stars; count cattle miles away stops.

See operators on boats, airplanes,
faraway. Hunters and fishermen can 1
locate frame; farmers can see men work-
ins in distant fields. Closed an excellent micro-
•cope to Inspect seeds and minute insects. The most prac¬
tical telescope made for the price. Satisfaction fruaranteed
or money refunded. Postpaid $1.9S (if C. O. D. 18c extra.)
WARNER PRODUCTS CO.( (Dept. RN), Norwich, Conn.

* .**<!$ _ _ sm* OPERATORS
1 T lWWI. flf PROSPER!]

Aj[> iiTi K i M Stull I .Ham-

^ “cashing in” on stead¬

ily increasing nation-wide demand for custom -mixed
feeds on farmers' own premises. Only Fords equipment
performs all three optional services: straight-grind¬
ing, mixing with supplements, and "sweet feed” pro¬
duction by exclusive Molasses Impregnator. Positively
no delay for mixing. 25% down, balance from earn¬
ings. Investigate today.

MYERS-SHERMAN CO.

1222 East 12th. Street. Streator, Illinois

5 HAW Peppy Pa! GARDEN TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for home gardens, poul
try and fruit ranches, estates, green houses
mowing parks, etc. Plows, cultivates,
etc. Sizes % to 9 H.P. Write for 10 DAY
TRIAL OFFER. LOW PRICES and
FREE CIRCULAR. SHAW MFC. CO..

4707 FRONT STREET. GALESBURG. KANSAS.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

CONCRETE

FOUNDATIONS

MODERNIZE FARM HOMES

Your house is easily brought up to
date, made better looking and more
comfortable by a concrete foundation;
It enables you to have a warm, dry,
useful basement where you can install
a modern furnace for winter comfort.
Concrete builds economically and
permanently; is proof against fire, ter¬
mites and decay; On your next trip to
town, ask a concrete contractor or
concrete products man for an esti¬
mate. Write for our free booklet,
"Foundation Walls and Basements of
Concrete.”

PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION

Dept. K7b 16. 347 Madison kit.. New York. N. Y.
Dept. M7b-I0, 1528 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Publisher’s D esk

For years I have read your Pub¬
lisher’s Desk column and have ob¬
served the different poor deals
suffered by your readers. Indeed I
have had several of that type myself.
Consequently, when one runs across
an advertiser of yours where one
gets fair and square treatment, it
seems only right that you should
know of that too. I had tried to get
different plants this year but seemed
to get one disappointment after an¬
other. However I ran into an adver¬
tisement in your paper and sent
them a small order and was very
pleased with the results. I sent them
another order and again a third. In
the course of things there was a
minor mixup. Nevertheless they
didn’t stop to argue but made good —
and more than good. I have neither
been asked to write you or to com¬
mend them. But I like their way
of doing things and you just might
like to know of this. I’m only sorry
that, being late in the season I can’t
order more from them now, but I
expect to pass their name along to
others, in the same way that I do
in the case of your excellent publi¬
cation. dr. g. c. s.

New York

It is our experience that customers
are always ready to enter a protest
when they feel they have a griev¬
ance. It is, therefore, pleasant to
have such a spontaneous letter from
a reader who does not hesitate to
express his appreciation when a
business house earns it. It is al¬
ways an inspiration and encourage¬
ment to us to have the assurance
that our guarantee of advertisers is
worthwhile and that our readers
value this policy of the paper.

Ten individuals and a corporation
have been indicted in a million dollar
swindle involving charges of mail
fraud, conspiracy and violating the
securities act of 1933 in connection
with a trust foundation and a mining
stock swindle. The principal de¬
fendants are Theodore P. Heider who
was president of the American
Trustees Funds, Inc. and John K.
Kane, who was secretary. Stock
certificates in the foundation were
sold between 1934 and 1938 on the
representation that at the rate of $10
a month the certificates would have
a maturity of $2,000 after 10 years.
This it is alleged was a false
representation. After 1938 the charge
is made that some investors were
induced to cash their certificates and
buy stock in a mining company;
$100,000 worth of stock is said to
be involved in this deal. The in¬
vestors were not informed by the
salesmen that of the first $100 paid
into the foundation plan $72 would
be deducted for fees. A represen¬
tation was also made that investors
could have their money returned at
any time they wished and were
assured that the value would double
in 10 years. When Heider and Kane
gained control the name was Future
Requirements. Heider became ac¬
quainted with a mining salesman
and for the purpose of selling the
mining stock a sales organization
was set up and salesmen sent out
with letters urging certificate hold¬
ers to buy the mining securities. It
is not known how much the loss
will be to the investors but it is
alleged the swindle will amount to
more than $1,000,000.

My father purchased 100 shares
of stock of the Intercontinent Pe¬
troleum Company, formerly listed on
the Curb Exchange. I never see this
stock listed and am wondering what
has happened to the company. Would
you kindly advise me if the stock
has any value? R. l. w.

New York

This company forfeited its charter
in 1934 because of failure to pay
taxes. As the assets were insufficient
to pay its creditors it went out of
business and the stock is of no value
at this time.

Thank you very much for your
kind letter regarding insurance. A
service such as this one, is worth
much more than the subscription
price. It seems to me that if every¬
one knew about it, every U. S.
citizen would be a “Rural New-
Yorker reader.” I intend to heed the
advice, it sounds reasonable.

New York m. h.

We commend our reader for his
resolve and appreciate his interest
in the paper.

A common way of duping suckers
by mail is to offer to each person
named Smith, Brown, Jones or
Robinson, or the like, a cheap
genealogy of the Smiths, etc. per¬
haps with a coat of arms thrown in.
The dupe gets what the advertise¬
ment or postal card offered to him
and finds that it doesn’t amount to
anything valuable. The Federal
Trade Commission and the Post
Office have taken this matter up,
and we are now advised by the
Federal Trade Commission that the
operators of American Research
Bureau of Washington, D. C. are
under arrest in a proceeding by the
Post Office Department on charges
of using the mails to defraud. A
fraud order has been issued against
this concern and also against the
National Research Society which was
operated by the same individuals.
Other names under which the same
sort of use of mails has been made
are being investigated and pursued
by the Post Office Department.

Massachusetts r. w. h.

Good work is being done in this
line by the Post Office and Federal
Trade Commission. Much needed
money can be saved if investigation
is made before parting with it in¬
stead of after it has left your hands.

I have just read your exposure of
this Fortuny outfit. Some three years
back I reported the very evident
evidence of fraud on the part of this
outfit to a large advertising agency
who handles much of the religious
magazine advertising of this nation.
I have just now enclosed this clip¬
ping for their information, together
with a reminder of my letters some
three years ago. I thank God, to put
it one way, that you stand for
honesty and decency as a magazine
policy. Wouldn’t it be a good thing
if you would print a short account
of the total in dollars that is fleeced
from this nation each year. I for
one would like the amount (esti¬
mated of course) to quote here and
there. A great responsibility and
privilege is yours to uphold standards
of rightness. Be strong for this!

New York j. e. m.

We too warned our readers of the
pitfalls in this scheme and in similar
propositions for many years past.
We have no estimate of the amount
paid out in fraudulent and decep¬
tive schemes but we do know we
have saved our readers from many
millions of dollars’ loss outside of the
$1,076,908 collected in the past 30
years. Many have profited by the
experiences we reported and no
doubt saved as much more.

I have received a check for the
merchandise returned to the Acme
Mail Order House, New York. Thank
you very much for what you did, to
make them send our money back.
We do appreciate it. Your paper is
about the best farm paper we have
seen and it shall keep coming into our
home. After we have read it, it is
passed on to others who would not
have a chance to read it otherwise.

Pennsylvania m. k. b.

A Sunday School class ordered
goods for a rummage sale but when
received, the quality was poor and
the goods inferior. They arrived too
late for the purpose intended and
were therefore returned. The money
was not refunded. We took it up
and demanded a refund with the
above result. We like to know the
R. N.-Y. is passed on in this way
and thank our friend for her
courtesy in the matter.

Leonard D. Balter of Batavia, Ill.,
was sentenced to five years imprison¬
ment for using the mails to defraud
in a fictitious adventure to hunt
treasure in South American jungles.
Parties from Brooklyn, N. Y.,
Chicago, Ill., and Milwaukee, Wis.
answered advertisements for appli¬
cants for the “expedition” and testi¬
fied that they gave Balter money
and lost about $300 each in the
venture.

It is reported that stock salesmen
are around trying to get holders of
Associated Gas stock and bonds to
change their securities into other in¬
vestments. It is indicated that these
salesmen are unscrupulous in their
attempts and that in many instances
the stocks offered in exchange are
questionable. It is wise to consider
well and make some investigation
before making a trade.

ements

_ _ _ Sensational mtfsauc-

tory offer! 4 beautiful enlarge¬
ments of any 4 negatives of the same size.

(up to2j^"x4 J4") you send. These val- ^
uable enlargements are guaranteed non- *
fading.deekledanddatedonVelox. Neg-^- , ,
atives returned with enlargements. Send / . ,

your negatives with 10c in coin- today. Offer limited to on®
order (JOe) per person. This ad must accompany order.

MAIL-N-SAVE, Box 31O-30Qulncy, Macs.

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge PrUits,25e.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE. LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED— 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25e. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Serviee, 43-C, Albany, w. t,

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border.

Ideal ^U,'ngs.,"^ir»s5'l!:,,ir''l:

WELD IT YOURSELF

Welder — Compact, Portable, Efficient — Welds AU
Metals Electrically, on 110 Volts, A-£. orD.C.— Com¬
plete with Rods, Fluxes, Goggles NOTHING ELSE
TO BUY — $19.95. MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE.
Simple, easy directions. WHITE, 239 Canal St.,
New York City. (Reliable agents or dealers wanted).

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave„ New York

IMVCklTADC 1 Have you good, patentable idea?

lilVLlllUAo! Write H. J. Metzler Government-Reg¬
istered Patent A gt.. Dept. 72-FP, II W. 42nd St., N.Y,

f a c U (or antique firearms and powder flasks.

lAOIl RICHARD SHORT. Woodstock, New York

CUTD Your live poultry to New York’s oldest
■J Jf* A M jive poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Box 20, Went, W aalitiigton Market, New V ork City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER & SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St., New York

SHIP YOUR WHITE AM) BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAU TO

17 Jay St. New York City

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and addreaa, each inser¬
tion, payable In advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach os Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days In advance ol date of issue.

This department la for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) Is admitted.

| Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc. |

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000, cash $500, balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
l™t. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA farms, Virginia’s

best VIRGINIA REALTY CO., Carrsville,
Virginia.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY CO., Southing¬
ton, Conn. _ *

MONTGOMERY COUNTY farm, 106 acres,
good soil, near cities; small place
considered in part payment, ALBERT
HIBBARD, Johnstown, N. Y. _

BUNGALOWS FOR rent, 3-4 room furnished
bungalows. All improvements; $125 season.
WALTER STEWART, North Branch,
Sullivan County, New York.

FOR SALE or exchange, 2 acres, 10 room
house, 2 car garage, water, electricity,
small fruits, shrub enclosed lawn and
garden. BOX 118, Kinderhook, N. Y.

HUDSON RIVER Valley, two commercial
fruit farms. One has roadside market,
established. Another with dairy connected.
Modern, improved homes. Location ideal.
WEAVER, Box 118, Kinderhook, N. Y.

VERMONT INCOME poultry and dairy
farm with tools. Buildings insured for
$7,000. $6,500, cash $2,000. ADVERTISER

1984, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARAGE, CABIN, roadstand (site), 10 acres,
state road. Cobleskill, new bungalow, 15
apples; $1,300, $300 cash, $15 monthly. AD¬
VERTISER 1990, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM WANTED: Chicken or dairy, with
or without stock. ADVERTISER 2024, care
Rural New-Yorker.

60 ACRES, 6 room house, barn, woods,
lake with evergreen grove, on shore,
scenic, secluded, improved road, $1,400;
terms. In quiet village, one-half acre land,
9 room house in nice condition, furnace,
bath, electricity, garage, furniture, $1,800;
terms. STARKWEATHER, Grand St.,
Oneonta, N. Y.

200 ACRE Greene County, New York dairy
farm. On macadam highway, 30 acres
tillage, 130 pasturage, balance in woods.
Nine room house, 60x80 ft. dairy barn and
garage; $4,200. Terms arranged over a
period of 20 years or more. FEDERAL
LAND BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FARM OR farmland, 20-30 acres, half
woods; 50-80 miles New York. Must be
cheap, fair roads, view, fruits, good water.
ADVERTISER 2026, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 92 acre farm on state road; 8
room house, electricity, water, new barn,
trout stream running through pasture.
PAUL L. CRAMER, Waymart, Pa.

CENTRAL NEW YORK, large variety of
fine dairy and stock farms with or with¬
out equipment. Large assortment of country
homes and village property. Write your
requirements, satisfaction guaranteed.
EVERETT KINCH, Schenevus, N. Y.

SATSUMA, FLORIDA: Furnished bungalow,
double garage, steel roofs, small grove;
priced to sell. MRS. B. L. COBURN, U. S.
17, Satsuma, Florida.

WANTED — Neglected farm, preferable with
brook; within 100 miles. BROWNSHIELD.
1900 Grand Concourse, Bronx, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 115 acre fruit farm with stock,
implements. 10 room house, outbuildings.
Ideal place for convalescent home, bungalow
site. ADVERTISER 2029, care Rural New-
Yorker. -

FOR SALE: Bungalow, 7 rooms, 2 baths,
Timken burner, 2 acres, near water,

£ar age. LESTER HOOLE, East Moriches,
I„ N. Y.

730 ACRE estate, $100,000 brick mansion,
barns, streams; $17,000, low cash.
HERBERT DAVIES, Chatham, N. Y.

WANTED FARM without stock, with or
without building; will pay all cash.
About 60 miles from New York City. Prefer¬
ably with brook. ADVERTISER 2032, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: In Delaware County, 200 acre
farm, good location, good buildings, stock
and equipment, $14,500; terms. ADVER¬
TISER 2034, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 14 acre poultry farm, 8 room
house, 4 chicken houses, etc. C. H.
SCHNEIDER, 205 Cross St., Lakewood, N. J.

MAINE COAST property, furnished; busi¬
ness opportunity. ADVERTISER 2031,
care Rural New-Yorker.

STOCKED FARM to rent, to a reliable
couple, experienced in milking. ADVER¬
TISER 2042, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRY AND gardening land, 314 acres
$160; 414 acres $215. Also state highway
nice grove, 2% acres $395; 12 acres $625.
Terms, $10 down; $5 month. SAFRANEK,
Vineland, N. J.

FOR SALE: Two acres, semi-bungalow,
electric light, state road; excellent for
poultry farm. $2,000 cash. BOX 3,
Apalachin, N. Y.

FOR SALE; Building, lot, near village on
Delaware River; good for home or
Summer cottage. 135 miles from New York.
ADVERTISER 2044, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Finger Lakes farm, beautiful
view; cheap for cash. 100 acres with woods,
reason for selling, ill health. MAY GRAHAM,
R. 1, LAURENCEVILLE, Pa.

MODERN POULTRY plant in North Caro¬
lina, would like to lease to responsible,
competent person ; production end of busi¬
ness. Markets already established. Good
opening for man who can finance flock.
ADVERTISER 2046, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm acreage. New Jersey,
suitable for diversified fruit growing.
GEORGE D’ELIA, 498 East 25th St.,
Paterson, N. J.

EIGHT ROOM house, about 2 acres of land
in Delaware County, fine location, price
reasonable. G. LADAGE, 8606-91st Ave.,
Woodhaven, L. I.

FOR SALE: Southern Vermont hill farm, on
good road, 250 acres good soil, timber and
sugar lot, 9 room brick house, large hen
house and garage, good water supply. Cash
$4,000. Agent EARL WRIGHT, Grafton, Vt.

WANTED — 60 to 80 acre farm, within 50
miles of New York City, in New Jersey.
No agents. PETER SZELWACK, 208 Huron
St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Reasonably priced, small farm,
50 to 80 miles from New York. ERDOSI,
74 Fourth Ave., Albany, N. Y.

FOR RENT: Furnished camp near large
reservoir. ADVERTISER 2069, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: An ideal cattle raising farm
of 500 acres. Good locality. Northern
Vermont. Quantity both hard and soft wood
lumber. Excellent tillage. Never failing
spring water. Six miles from famous
Willoughby Lake. Inquire THE ISLAND
POND NATIONAL BANK, Island Pond, Vt.

FOR SALE: Large, productive mountain
farm. Southern Vermont. House large,
old, 4 fireplaces, slate roof. Barn 42x100,
slate roof. Tenant house. 630 acres, 80 tillage,
much timber, sugar orchard. Elevation.
Best hunting and trout fishing. Spectacular
view. Selling because of absentee owner¬
ship. Price $8,000, terms. Address owner,
EARLE A. JONES, Waitsfield, Va.

FLORIDA — Dime a day keeps Winter
away— buy beautiful Florida lake shore
home site. GILLAM, 658 Moreland, N. E.,
Atlanta, Georgia.

FOR RENT: To suitable couple desiring a
country home. Small but perfect new
house, furnished, near New Milford, Conn,
for seasonal or year-round occupancy with
opportunity to earn rent doing light
gardening. ADVERTISER 2074, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Gas station, body, fender shop;

1 acre, new 6 room house, modern.
Village; established business; sickness, sacri¬
fice. ADVERTISER 2075, care Rural New-
Yorker.

IDEALLY LOCATED, 165 acre fruit, dairy
farm for sale. Good buildings, artesian
well, electricity, good roads, blueberry lot.
Reasonable. EARL CAMP, Montgomery,
Massachusetts.

MAIN MACADAM road farm of about 55
acres, suitable for dairy and poultry;
good 7 room house, 2 barns, electric lights
and running water in house. Price $1,200;
terms. Also 78 acre dairy farm, main road,
electricity, splendid water, stream and
springs, good buildings; cow, 2 heifers,
team, machinery included for $2,500; $1,000
down. Many others. MRS. CLAIRE
PARSONS, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA: 200 level acres,
88 acres bearing apple trees, 11 room
house, improvements, 8 room tenant house,
numerous barns, out-buildings; $35,000 or
will rent to right party. ADVERTISER
2077, care Rural New-Yorker.

RUNNING POULTRY farm, about 20 acres.

all buildings A-l condition. House all
improvements. Capacity 2,000 birds or more.
Commuting distance New York. BUSECK,
44 Seaman Ave., New York City.

Help Wanted

WANTED — Catholic man. Particulars by
writing. CHAS. MASTERSON, William-
town, N. Y.

MACHINE MILKERS and general farm
hands, single men; $22 to $25 per 6 day
week. WALKER-GORDON LABORATORY
COMPANY, Plainsboro, N. J.

HERDSMAN OR assistant, single, 40 cows.
Eastern Pennsylvania. State age, experi¬
ence, salary, when available. ADVERTISER
2027, care Rural New-Yorker.

FIRST CLASS all-around farmer. Must be
handy with tools to work and manage a
small country estate on shares; small salary
until established. Home furnished. Excellent
opportunity for right party. If you haven’t
these qualifications do not answer this ad¬
vertisement. Write details to P. O. BOX
150, Glens Falls, N. Y.

HOUSE WORKER, WHITE, Christian, ex-
penenced cooking, serving. Good home.
Give references, wages. EBELING, 1060
Central Ave., Plainfield, N. J.

WANTED — Single men, 2, dairy farm. $45
month, board. BURMAN FARMS, Delhi,
New York.

WANTED— Experienced poultry man; married
man preferred. ADVERTISER 2028, care
Rural New-Yorker,

WANTED — Help to work 250 acre dairy

farm. Salary, shares or rent. J. C. DREW,
R. D. 1, Warwick, N. Y.

WANTED — Girl or woman to take complete
charge of modern home in country, all
conveniences, oil burner; family of 3, father
and 2 grown sons. Private living quarters;
wages $40 per month. Apply to HARRY
ROSEN, R. D. 2, Elizabeth St., South Bound
Brook, N. J. Telephone Bound Brook 882.

WANTED — Experienced all-farm hand and
good dry milker. One who understands
machinery and work with tractor. Steady
work all year round. Opening for manage¬
ment soon. Catholic preferred. VILLA
JOSEPH MARIE, Holland Road, Newtown,
Bucks Co., Penna.

CARETAKER, INTELLIGENT, reliable, ex¬
perienced. Bungalow colony. State quali¬
fications, wages expected; with home. BOX
111, Valhalla, N. Y.

WANTED — Kennel maid for private kennel.

salary and full particulars in first letter.
ADVERTISER 2030, care Rural New Yorker.

WANTED — Single or married man to work
on 30-cow farm. CARL EIGNOR, Halcott
Center, N. Y.

GARDENER, HANDYMAN, painter, white,
Christian; live on place. Give references,
wages. EBELING, 1060 Central Ave., Plain-
field, N. J.

WANTED — Sober, single man for general
farm work ; willing to board himself. $2
a day with furnished cottage, milk and
potatoes. ADVERTISER 2033, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN to work on fruit farm, $30-
$40 start, plus excellent board. Also
married man, $60 start, house, milk, fruit,
garden, two weeks paid vacation. Interview
or personal description, references first
letter. Only honest, sober American need
apply. D. S. HENRY, Wallingford, Conn.

DELAVAL SINGLE unit operators and
strippers; must handle 55 cows, three
times daily. Wages $85 per month and board.
ADVERTISER 2035, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A young man between 30 to
40 years of age with his own ear as
office manager for an extensive poultry
project, must understand bookkeeping an'd
cost accounting, with an agreeable person¬
ality to meet customers and sales people.
No poultry experience is necessary but
business experience is essential. State full
qualifications and salary expected in your
application for this position. Reply to AD¬
VERTISER 2037, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced farm laborer, gener¬
al fruit farm work. Small private apart¬
ment with bath; all modern conveniences.
Do own cooking. State age, experience,
wages expected. BOX 101, Milton, N. Y.

WANTED — Man to drive truck for feed
business; must be over 30, single or
married. References. WALTER W. YETTER,
R. D. No. 3, Newton, N. J.

OPPORTUNITY FOR married man inter¬
ested in poultry. House, electricity, milk,
eggs, chickens and $75-$90 a month to start.
Experience desirable, but not necessary.
A. COAN, Doylestown, Penna.

HERDSMAN WANTED, married, $85 per
month to begin with, oil heat, 2 quarts
milk per day, garden, potatoes, vacation
with pay and day off per week. 100 head
of Holsteins. Anticapating advanced registry
work. This is an opportunity with a future.
ADVERTISER 2039, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN take charge.

Cabin. $60 month, board self; running
water. References required. PAUL LAVITT,
Ellington, Conn.

MANAGER FOR hay, feed and grain busi¬
ness; must be thoroughly familiar with en¬
tire operations, including purchasing and
sales. References required. ADVERTISER
2041, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Gardener helper, salary $40
monthly, room and board. M. M.

LINDBERG, Ye Castle Inn, Saybrook, Conn.

WOMAN, GENERAL housework, country
home; no washing. KLEIN, Hillsdale, N. Y.

WOMAN, 30 to 50, share general housework,
young couple, child. Start August 1. Only
persons wishing permanent job apply.
Snapshot, details. Moderate salary first
year, regular raises. Small house, own
room. Scarsdale, N. Y. ADVERTISER 2043,
care Rural New-Yorker.

OPPORTUNITY FOR man and wife, be¬
tween 30 and 50 years, to become house
father and mother for group of boys in
reform school. Previous institutional ex¬
perience not required. Native American
farm people given preference. No dependents
accommodated. Write SUPERINTENDENT,
Kis-Lyn, Pennsylvania.

WANTED — In New Jersey, single farmhand,
must be good milker and teamster; $40
to $50 per month, room and board. AD¬
VERTISER 1893, care Rural New-Yorker,

WANTED — Gardener-handyman for small
place, near New York City. Experienced,
reliable, sober, willing. $30 monthly and
maintenance. Reply, giving references, age.
ADVERTISER 2048, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER REFINED, middleaged,
family four live in six room house; no
laundry, assist cooking. Permanent; refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2045, care Rural New-
Yorker.

CAN USE family of one or two men, and
a woman. Men for poultry work, hatchery
and tractor farming. Woman for housework.
Northern Europeans preferred. Best of
references required. Offering an opportunity
for advancement to real capable folks who
will work. A modern poultry plant located
in North Carolina. ADVERTISER 2047, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Tenant farmer, 68 acre farm,
all under cultivation, good soil, all modern
improvements. Farm machinery and new
four room bungalow; reasonable. Near
Clinton, N. J. ADVERTISER 2051, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A young man who wants to
make good in life, that saves his money,
that is friendly and obliging, that does not
smoke or drink, that is a good milker, that
is handy with an automobile or truck; for
general farming. Will pay good wages. AD¬
VERTISER 2050, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, GOOD references, for country
home 75 miles from New York. Man, able
good worker to care for lawn and grounds
and vegetable gardens. No livestock.
Woman, neat worker, good cook and
waitress. Separate furnished house. State
age, salary. ADVERTISER 2053, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED for small modern farm.
Northern New Jersey; to live in with
owner. No furniture required. Very good
steady position; $70-$80. Woman, housework,
plain cooking. Man, allround farmwork, dry-
hand milker preferred. Must have good
character. WILLIAM GARTNER, Stephens-
burg, R. D., Port Murray, N. J.

COUPLE, GOOD home, steady employment
with small family, northern Westchester
County. Woman for cooking, housework.
Man, general handyman, drive car, garden¬
ing. Accommodations: bedroom, sitting room,
bath, radio, board included; also reasonable
use car. Write details, age, time available,
references, wages expected. ADVERTISER
2056, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man over draft age, must
be good butter and cottage cheese maker
also test cow milker. Must be neat and a
good worker and sober which is an im¬
portant matter. Send full particulars in
first letter. MANAGER, Belmont Farm,
Perrysburg, Ohio.

WANTED — Middleaged man, small dairy
farm; preferring good home to high wages.
283-J, Windham, N. Y.

COUPLE FOR country home of two elderly

people. Woman for housekeeping and
plain cooking. Man for garden and outside
work. P. O. BOX 61, Kitchawan, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man, general farming,
good with team or tractor, no milking-
$50 and board. WALTER BEHRMAN,
Newton, N. J.

WANTED — Married men, experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milkers; good wages
to those who qualify. Apply or write im¬
mediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM,
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — Single man for general dairy

work; good wages. Must be good milker.
Christian preferred. ADVERTISER 2057,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced farmhand, wages
$54-$66 per month and full maintenance.
Knowledge of milking. CREEDMOOR STATE
HOSPITAL, Queens Village, N. Y.

nuustKttFtK — rnvaie nome, „ auujl5,
Christian. Forest Hills, New York City.
State experience, wages and details. AD¬
VERTISER 2070, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man who is steady
and reliable; also 2 single men to work
on large dairy farm. ADVERTISER 2068,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Three extra men for haying.

ADAM J. EADIE, Delancey, N. Y.

SINGLE, FIRST class milker, farmer; $60-$70
monthly, board. BOX 94, West Coxsackie,
New York.

COUPLE — Cook-houseworker, butler-garden¬

er, some driving; no laundry. Family 3
children; country place north of Baltimore.
$25 weekly. State experience and references.
HILGENBERG, Reisterstown, Md.

WANTED IN New Jersey, farmhand, must
be good milker; $50 month, room, board.
ADVERTISER 2061, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farmhand, must be expert
milker. $60 per month, room, board. Refer¬
ences required. ADVERTISER 2062, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MILKER, EXPERIENCED, married, small
family. Three- time machine milking;
small herd high-producing Holsteins, herd
and A.R. test. Board two men; modern
house, heat, privileges, excellent oppor¬
tunity advancement. Start $60. Telephone
or call PENDELLA FARMS, Newtown,
Bucks County, Penna.

FARMHAND EXPERIENCED, give age, milk
two cows, good teamster; $25 month,
room and board. Steady year around,
GREEN GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

MARRIED MAN to work on farm, no milk¬
ing; capable of operating tractor. State
experience and salary expected. S. B.
O’HAGAN, Voorheesville, N. Y., Albany Co.

GIRL FOR general housework, to help
where needed; must be neat, clean, and
willing worker. Steady position. Send age,
salary expected, and photo. ADVERTISER
1993, care Rural New-Yorker.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will he found on page 423,

GET GULFLUBE..

THE OIL ,

THAT’S A BEAR FOR WORK!

Buy Now and Save Money

Now is the time to buy the Papec you
need to increase your operating profit.
Several worth-while improvements. No
increase in prices yet.

Do Your Work with Less Help

A Papec will handle ALL your roughage
faster, easier and cheaper— hay for
barn or stack— straw after combining —
all silage crops. Why use an ordinary
cutter, when a non-clog Papec with the
man saving self-feeder will make you
more money?

More Cutter for Your Money

Each year more farmers buy Papec Cut¬
ters than any other make because Papec
offers a simpler, sturdier, easier-running
machine for $25 to $75 less money. Six
models — 3 to 30 HP. No need to buy more
or less capacity than you can use. Extra¬
heavy cutting wheel and 3 -bearing main
shaft save up to 25% on gas. Knives and
other parts cost less and are quickly ob¬
tainable for any Papec no matter how old
or where located. See your dealer or send
name NOW on margin of this ad for full
information on the cutter that does more
but costs less. Papec Machine Co., 107
E. Main St., Shortsville, N. Y.

PAPEC

THE CUTTER THAT DOES NOT CLOG

WHAT DOES A
POWDER IGLOO
HAVE TO DO WITH

for national defense makes many demands;
the construction of powder igloos for am¬
munition storage included.

You can't take chances with ammunition
...so the igloos must be as safe as human
ingenuity can make them. Lightning is
among the hazards.

West Dodd is playing a leading role in
installing lightning protection systems on
powder igloos . . . just as West Dodd is taking
a leading role in the protection of other
national defense projects against lightning.

The same reliable lightning protection is available
to everyone at modest cost... for home, country
building or factory. It is a sensible precaution
against what the National Board of Fire Under¬
writers classes as a leading cause of fire. West
Dodd can add an almost invisible lightning pro¬
tection system to standing buildings ... or build a
concealed system into new ones.

WEST DODD

LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR CORP.
420 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
GOSHEN, INDIANA

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page

Rambling Along at Long
Acres

Among the letters which come
from readers are many from folks
who have passed the meridian of
life and are facing the sunset trail.
Often I read between the lines and
note a great longing for words of
cheer, a loneliness, a dread, a re¬
luctance to face the fact that they
are traveling the sunset trail. The
children are grown and gone, the
great urge which drove the children
away is the same which actuated
these older folks when the world
was young; the urge to fly from
home seeking fame and wealth. For
these folks of the sunset trail this
is all over now; they know now
that very few ever attain fame and
wealth, that the old home and the
old friends mean more than any¬
thing which may lie over the hill
and far away. Dad isn’t as limber
as he used to be, work is no longer
a joy but a dread. Mother is more
cheerful, the passing years have
made her plump, the slim lines of
youth are gone and she moves
rather slowly now but she has a
cheery outlook for she does not
worry as much as dad. For some
reason women take life as it comes
and face what life brings with
more courage and calm than men,
yet mother too knows that she is
facing the sunset traiL

For those folks I quote from
Robert Browning as follows, “Grow
old along with me, the best is yet
to be.” The poet is right, for the
best is yet to be or is already here.
What is left to those who face the
sunset trail? Well for one thing, the
passing years have left them with
a rich storehouse of precious memo¬
ries. Nature has a kindly way of
erasing the bad, the cruel, the hurt¬
ful and leaving only memories of
the pleasing things of life. Some¬
times, in afternoons, the day’s work
mostly done, mother goes to an old
drawer in the old dresser and gets
out a worn pair of little shoes while
a tender smile wreaths her lips. In
late evening, all work done, mother
and dad sit in silence for awhile
and then begin a chat over the old
days recalling this one and that one,
amusing little stories which never
grow old, living over again their
early days of struggle. Now they
may relax in comfort and ease know¬
ing that they have fought a good
fight, they have kept the faith.

It is great to win, fine to attain
name and fame, splendid to amass
wealth, at least it seems so but the
glory is not in the winning but in
how well you fought. Many a person
who has gained the heights looks
back with longing to the time when
he led the simple life among the
home folks. A wealthy man who
had gained great prominence did an
especially good piece of work for his
home city. I knew him casually so
I went in and told him how much
I appreciated what he had done. To
my great surprise he almost cried
in gratitude for my words of praise.
Said he, “you are the only one who
has given me words of praise for
many years but I have had plenty
knocks.” No one envying us, no one
saying mean things about us because
we have gained name and fame. We
are just plain folks who have worked
hard and raised our children. We
do not live in mansions, we do not
have servants to wait upon us,
mother still does her own cooking
and baking in the old kitchen. Dad
still does his chores and gets out the
team to plow and plant; but we
have the sunshine and rain, we have
the singing birds and the sweet
blossoms as of old. Life grows
sweeter as the years go by and how
good the old easy chair feels after
the day’s work is done, how good the
old bed feels when we lie down
to rest.

So we have time to live, time to
get the most out of life and after
all the sunset trail is best of all.

L. B. Reber

Berrien County, Mich.

Books for the Handyman

The Farmer, His Own Builder,

H. Armstrong Roberts . $1.50

First Aid for Ailing Houses,

H. B. Whitman . 2.50

Make It Yourself,

Julian Starr . 2.50

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

TIE A STRING
around your finger
so you’ll remember
to stop at your Good
Gulf Man’s and
pick up a container of Gulflube —
the tough economy oil.

Your Good Gulf Man has it in
convenient five-gallon steel pails
and in other amounts to suit your
needs and your pocketbook.

And you can count on this rug¬
ged oil doing a real lubricating job
for you! It’s refined from selected

crudes by a double solvent process
that takes out more of the sludge-
makers before you use it. That’s
why thousands of farmers always
insist on Gulflube.

For your own car, for your trac¬
tor, or for farm machinery — you
couldn’t ask or get more from an
oil at its price.

Visit your Good Gulf Man
soon! He has a full line of fuels,
lubricants, and specialties for farm
use. He’s a mighty handy person
to know in your community!

GULFLUBE MOTOR OIL

Gulf products popular on farm and ranch :

Gulf Livestock Spray, Gulflex Waterproof Grease,
Gulflex Chassis Lubricants, Gulflex Wheel Bear¬
ing Grease, Gulf Transgear Lubricants, E.P.

u if

•c

NO •
Krt

library

ITHACA
SFPT tU3

A Little Resting, Spell in the Hayfield

Photo — Edward C. Torrence, Marion. Conn.

\T 1 Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co..

V Ol. C. 333 \V. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

July 26, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936, at the Post
Office 'at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March. 3, 1S79.

No. 5508

430

•D* RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 26, 1941

Marketing, 1,400 Turkeys at Retail

TARTED as an ex¬
periment in 1939
with 300 turkeys,
the Pilgrim Farm,
at Bartonville, Ill.,
of which L. T.

THE PILGRIM FARM j

The Best Home Turkeys Ever Had nT

Harrison Road Phones 3-5555 or 4-4640 Bartonville, III.

Sprague is proprietor, last year
raised and marketed 1,400 turkeys
at retail. This year 2,500 are being raised at
present and the proprietor is trying to secure
500 more poults.

Bartonville is a suburb of Peoria and the
Pilgrim Farm is just five miles from the
center -of downtown Peoria. It consists of
28 acres of land beautifully rolling and
covered for the most part with natural
shrubbery. Five acres of this is used for the
turkey range, the area being changed from
3'ear to year. The farm is located in a beauti¬
ful setting. A beautiful farm home with big
lawns, swimming pool, fish pond and tennis
court adorns the front of the farm.

Mr. Sprague took up turkey raising as a
hobby. He had definite ideas of how to
market turkeys at a profit and he put these
ideas into operation during his second year
after experimenting the first year.

“There may be money in wholesaling
turkeys,” says Mr. Sprague, “but not to com¬
pare with retailing if the latter is done ac¬
cording to modern methods. However, in
order to attract retail trade, the grower must
have something from the usual run of the
mill. We have used different advertising and
different refinements in preparation and pack¬
ing and have proved that these differences
will sell turkeys.” .

To properly handle the marketing of his
turkeys, Mr. Sprague first gave his farm a
name, Pilgrim Farm, a very appropriate name
from the fact that the Pilgrims of New
England instituted Thanksgiving Day and
used wild turkeys for. the principal part of
the Thanksgiving dinner. Ever since then a
Thanksgiving Day has not been complete
without a turkey for dinner.

The Pilgrim Farm built an attractive
turkey house, 80x20 feet, of haydite blocks.
It is a two-story affair. It has a smooth
concrete floor and the walls are whitewashed
throughout, making it a very sanitary build¬
ing. During the Spring and early Summer
the building is used for raising the poults,
these being in portable batteries five in
height. During the marketing season, the
turkeys are all on range and the same build¬
ing is used for killing and preparing the
turkeys for sale.

The killing and preparing for market are
carried on on the first floor. Turkeys are sold
three ways: alive, New York dressed, which
means simply picked, and fully dressed and
drawn. Half of the second story is a waiting

THIS TURKEY IS

GUARANTEED

to be

1. A 1940 Bird.

2. In A-l Condition.

3. Scientifically Fed
with the Best Food
to be had.

Mr. Sprague tells his story on the billhead.

By Harry L. Spooner

room for turkeys to be killed. Here is one
thing that is different from most turkey
farms. Seven pens with wire partitions are
provided. The turkeys are weighed when
they come in from outdoors, separated and
put into these pens according to weight. One
pen is used for those weighing from 10 to 12
pounds, another for those 12 to 14 pounds,
etc. This arrangement saves a lot of time
and trouble when picking out turkeys for
customers. Having turkeys of different
weights to meet customer demand is achieved
by buying the poults at different times.
Turkeys as heavy as 28 pounds were avail¬
able last year.

In order to let prospective customers know
about the farm, newspaper advertising and
radio announcements were used. An adver¬
tisement was run in the two daily papers

TURKEYS DELIVERED
Phone 3-5555 or 44640

Drive Oat and
See Them Alive

Yon can pick out your own or
we will do it for you. We will
deliver your bird, ready for the
oven, if you so desire.

PLEASE ORDER EARLY

The Pilgrim
Farm

The Best Home
Turkeys Ever Had

Harrison Road

Bartonville, III.

WEIGHT

Alive _

N.Y.Dressed _

Dressed and

Drawn _

lbs.

.lbs.

lbs.

This tag is attached to every purchase.

A typical newspaper advertisement.

for five days before Thanksgiving and for
10 days before Christmas. The advertise¬
ments contained a picture of a turkey, the
name and address of the farm, the slogan,
“The Best Home Turkeys Ever Had,” and
an invitation to drive out and see the turkeys
alive. Radio announcements were made for
five days previous to both seasons, 28 an¬
nouncements each time. These also invited
the public to visit the farm.

The results of these publicity methods were
to bring hundreds of visitors to the farm.
Although there is a large space for cars, on
the Sunday before Christmas there was not
enough to take care of the visitors.

When a visitor reached the farm, the first
thing he saw was the beautiful home and
lawn. No turkeys could be seen from the
road and there were no offensive smells to
greet the visitor. Strangers doubted they had
reached the right place until they saw the
neat sign on the gatepost, “Pilgrim Farm —
The Best Home Turkeys Ever Had.”

The visitor now drove down a beautiful
driveway, which led to the attractive turkey
plant. He entered the plant into the small
room used as lobby and office. An attendant
asked what weight of turkey he wanted and
went to the pen containing turkeys of that
weight and brought down several. The
customer made his selection, or, more often,

told the attendant to select one.
The turkey selected was weighed
for exact weight. This weight
was placed on a lif'en tag as live
weight and the tag attached to

. . . — the turkey’s leg. In addition to

the weight, the tag had a printed
guarantee of: (1) that it was a
1940 bird; (2) that it was in A-l condition;
(3) that it had been scientifically fed with
the best feed to be had. On the reverse side
was the name and telephone number of the
farm, a picture of a turkey and the announce¬
ment, “Drive out and see them alive — you
can pick your own turkey or we will do
it for you and deliver day and hour you
desire.”

At the same time the tag was made, the
clerk was making out an order for the
turkey. Each order had a serial number and
this was placed on the tag. These order forms
were made in four copies, the original re¬
maining in the book, the second copy going
with the turkey through the plant, the third
copy going to the customer, and the fourth
copy going to the deliveryman. In addition
to all the other information, the order form
contained spaces for all three weights — alive,
New York dressed and dressed and drawn —
and an explanation of these three weights.
It also contained a “thank you.”

With the turkey tagged and an order form
partially made out, the turkey went to the
killing room. This was behind a movable
partition in one end of the building. The bird
was killed, then plunged in a semi-scald water
of 128 degrees temperature and then placed
in a picking machine which removed prac¬
tically all the feathers. From here it came
into a long room, nearly half the length of
the building. A wide table extended the
length of the room on either side of which
were men and women employees. Whatever
feathers still remained were picked by hand
by three women. The turkey was then
weighed again and this “New York dressed”
weight placed on the tag and on the order
form accompanying the turkey. If the order
called for New York dressed, the bird was
now ready for wrapping.

Most of the turkeys were ordered dressed
and drawn. On the side of the table opposite
the pickers, the dressing and drawing was
done. When this was completed, the liver,
heart and gizzard were placed in a cellophane
bag and placed inside the turkey. The
turkey was now weighed again and the dressed
and drawn weight placed on the tag and
order form.

The turkey was now ready for packing.
It was first wrapped in cellophane. It was
then given a second wrapping of good grade
of wrapping paper. (Continued on Page 444)

Drive Out and See Them
ALIVE

You Can Pick Your Own
Turkey or we will do it for
you and deliver day and
hour you desire.

The

Pilgrim Farm

Bartonville, Illinois
Phone 4-4640

The reverse side of the tag.

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

Interest in Draft Horses

The draft horse is making a game fight
against the overwhelming machine age, al¬
though the ringing clank of its ironshod hoofs
is seldom heard on city pavements and its
day on improved rural roads has practically
ended, although in rural sections of New
York State^ it spen'j? to have made slight gains
in the past two years. At least, horse breed¬
ers and dealers say that their records so
indicate.

While the chug of tractors echoes among
the hills and valleys of the various counties
attesting to the march of mobilization, it has
failed to still the neigh of man’s most faith¬
ful servant and as another harvest season
passes, thousands of farmers pat the necks of
their horses and say “well done.”

The fact that horses have held their own

Down on the Farm in Western New York.

or made slight gains in the past two years
is looked upon as most encouraging by horse
breeders, for those two years have compelled
the horse to meet the greatest test of sur¬
vival. Manufacturers have nicked the prices
of tractors, turned them out in a much great¬
er choice of design and horse powers and’ex-
tended time payments over longer periods as
inducements to farmers to turn to machine
farming.

Another encouraging sign that the time has
not yet arrived for the horse to step out of
the agricultural picture and is not likely to
for a long time, is that New York farmers
have been rearing more colts for several
years past than they had for nearly a score
of years. Horse breeding in most sections
of New York State is not, of course, any¬
thing like it was up to 30 years ago, but it
is not now uncommon to see foals, yearlings
and two-year-olds running in the pastures,
clear evidence that despite the increase in
motor driven machinery, the work horse is

still a dependable and solidly lodged insti¬
tution on New York State farms.

Although horse rearing has been gaining
momentum on the farms of the state
during the past four years, state-bred horses
are able to fill only a small part of the de¬
mand and farmers must depend to a great
extent on western breeders to replenish their
supply. Thousands of animals are brought
in from the West and distributed among
farmers of the state. The greater number of
these drafters has come from Iowa, most of
the dealers preferring Iowa bred heavy
horses to those of other states for the reason
that farmers and breeders there have been
giving greater study to bloodlines and have
been producing, as a rule, a better lot of
horses.

The intensive drive to motorize the farms
of the state has been felt in the horse market
during the present year and has resulted
in a lowering of horse prices 10 to 15 per
cent here and in the West, but a good pair
of heavy horses continues to command a good
price. Dealers generally fixed $350 as the
average price for a pair of horses weighing
3,200 pounds, 6 to 9 years old, sound and
well broken. Heavier horses, all else being
equal, have been selling some higher.

The crave for weight, and more weight,
many horsemen feel, has not proved too good
for New York State farms. Those tough,
faster, gamier horses, most of them with a
strong ,strain of harness horse blood in their
veins, because they had to do double duty
as driving and work horses, have almost
disappeared.

Farmers say that heavier machinery has
made it necessary to use heavier horses, but
many judges of good horseflesh do not agree
that the extremely heavy horses of the
present possess strength in proportion to their
weight, and that they do not have the fibre
and stamina of the lighter horses carrying
a heavy shot of trotting horse or Morgan
blood. P. B. Oakley

Tent Caterpillar Scarcity

Irving C. H. Cook recently told of the dis¬
appearance of tent caterpillars. There has
been a like occurrence here in Rockland
County twice in the past 25 years caused by
a prolonged cold, wet spell just when the
worms were hatching and the little first
first appearances of the tents beginning to
show.

Around 20 years ago things had got to
the condition described by Mr. Cook. I
counted 14 webs in one apple tree near Wood-
cliff. Lake, N. J., only a mile or so from the
Hope Farm, home of Mr. Collingwood. The
whole countryside looked as though there
would not be anything green left on the trees

431

by another year. But when the next year
came we had nine days of miserable weather,
when scarcely an hour of sunhine broke the
monotony of mist, rain, and cold. The little
worms starved in the tents in most cases, and
those that lived through it were so stunted
that the arrival of the warbler migrants
finished them off. Normally the warblers get
here to find the worms so large that nothing
but the cuckoos can swallow them, but that
year the warblers just sat along side those
discouraged-looking tents and cleaned out the

“ Roxy ,” yearling filly owned by Reuben Berg,
Fredonia, Chautauqua County, New York.

Three-horse team owned by Albert Lilss, West
Falls, Erie County, New York.

skinny survivors. There was scarcely a tent
to be seen for miles the next Spring, and if
the people who lived through this section had
thought far enough to destroy the rare ones
that did show up on an occasional wild cherry
I think we would have been permanently rid
of one of the most distressing scourges we
have to face. The same thing has occurred
once since. I have noticed that this immediate
vicinity is slower to show an increase in the
number of tents in succeeding years, and feel
sure that my determined warfare on the few
survivors aids materially in hampering their
recovery. This matter is one of thp best ex¬
amples of the working out of the old proverb,
“A stitch in time saves nine,” that I know of.

Edna C. Jones

Below: Another three horse team on an Ontario County farm. Right:
Good farm team on the M. L. McGavin farm in Smithboro, Tioga County

432

July 26. 1941

•P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

What Spoils the Peas?

Delmarva

A considerable change in tomato
acreage was made here during
June. In late May, area set out
appeared to be under average. Dur¬
ing June, favored by rain, millions
of plants were put in well fertilized
soil. They lived well and have come
along famously. Canneries will not
have much stock to work on until
late in the season. Then, if the crop
is good, in some districts they are
likely to be swamped with stock.
As a canner pointed out, boilers will
be the bottle neck. “Government
should have surveyed cannery capa¬
city and help, then told farmers how
many acres could be handled,” one
told me. “Something should have
been done about staggering bearing
acreage through the season but it
is too late to do anything about that
now. Tomatoes are going to come
on all in a heap. It looks now as
though a lot are doomed to rot.”

There does not appear to be much
eagerness on the part of canners or
growers to contract for tomatoes. The
few agreements that have been
signed with growers are mostly for
25 cents a five gallon basket, field
run. This would be a fairly satis¬
factory price if all costs, especially
labor, were to remain at the level
of recent years blit that appears very
unlikely. Canneries must now oper¬
ate under wage and hour laws. Pick¬
ers are certain to demand at least
as much pay and may insist on- more
as their job is heavy work fully ex¬
posed to the high sun. Picking costs
will probably be doubled. Baskets
have already registered a stiff ad¬
vance. The local gasoline price has
increased 40 per cent. Transportation
certainly will be more expensive. All
concerned seem to feel that future
commitments at a definite figure are
folly when the rising spiral of costs
appears so definitely under way.
Farmers are doing their part. To¬
matoes will be created. Whether they
will be gotten into cans in sufficient
quantity is not so certain.

Japanese beetles started jeweling
grape vines about the middle of
June this year. Numbers have been
increasing steadily since. A few in¬
dividuals have attacked corn. They
are not numerous enough in central
and lower Delmarva to do much
damage to apples and other crops
though there is some slight sign of
attack. Grape vines and smart weeds
seem sufficient to satisfy appetites of
the horde so far.

Conditions which allowed maxi¬
mum evaporation more than offset
rain which fell during June. At the
end of the month, the land was dry
and maturing crops were suffering
severely. Cucumbers ready for mar¬
ket were sun scorched to a poor
color and sold at a very low price.
The first week of July brought rain,
near cloudbursts in some small
areas. Quality of harvested crops
immediately improved and prices
offered at auction blocks became
much better.

Blackberries have sold steadily at
prices just high enough to keep
pickers at work. Those and early
apples are of good quality; both de¬
serve a better price than buyers have
been paying. Small grains — wheat,
rye and a few oats — were harvested
both with combines and self binders
this year. Combines will probably
displace binders altogether soon.
Besides handling the job for less
money they relieve farmers of the
necessity of hunting help for thresh¬
ing. Labor is increasingly scarce and
farmers are making necessary ad¬
justments. When industry and
government release this help it is
taking old jobs will be non existent.
Forced by necessity farmers are
ingeniously abolishing many of
them. c.

About Iceberg Lettuce

Iceberg lettuce movements out of
Oswego, N. Y. started the week of
July 5. Growers predict a short
season, about two weeks. In spite
of the worst drought in 81 years,
the lettuce which is of the Imperial
44 strain perfected in Oswego County
through experimental plots, has
headed up well. It is a little smaller
than the usual, however, and con¬
siderable difficulty was encountered
during the heat wave, when seed¬
lings were burned and large fields
had to be reseeded. The demand is
good with prices ranging from $1 to
$1.35 per cate of 24 heads. Shipment
of Big Boston lettuce will follow the
iceberg movement. A. j. o.

Fruit Tour to Appalachian
Area

Fruit growers will have a splendid
opportunity from August 18 to 22 to
visit the Appalachian fruit area in
company with the New York State
Fruit Growers’ Tour now arranged
for that time. The schedule calls for
arrival at Gettysburg, Pa., Monday
afternoon, August 18, in time to see
the Gettysburg Battlefield. Tuesday,
stops will be made at Biglerville,
Chambersburg, Pa.; Hagerstown,
Md.; Martinsburg, Kearnesville, W.
Va.; and Winchester, Va. Wednesday
will see visits to orchards in the
Winchester area, a drive over the
famous Sky Line Drive and a stop
at the Byrd Orchards. On Thursday
the trip will continue to Washington,
D. C. and to the Horticultural Re¬
search Station at Beltsville, Md.,
where the tour will terminate except
for a limited number who may wish
to continue further to visit the
DuPont Company at Wilmington,
Del., on Friday.

Award to Farm Boy

To foster interest among boys in
the upbuilding Of finer dairy herds,
the Kiwanis Club at Geneva, N. Y.
for the past three years has pre¬
sented a calf to the outstanding
student in agriculture at the Geneva
schools.

This year an Ayrshire calf was
given to John M. Griffith, 14, of
Seneca Castle. Its dam is a prize cow
that was shown at the New York
World’s Fair.

Last year John’s brother, David,
also was presented with an Ayrshire,
because of his scholastic standing in
agriculture work. p. b. o.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JULY, 26, 1941

FARM TOPICS

Delmarva . 432

News From Maine . 435

From Livingston County . 444

Rural School Notes . 448

HORTICULTURE

Tent Caterpillar Scarcity . 431

About Iceberg Lettuce . 432

Fruit Tour of Appalachian Area _ 432

What Spoils Peas? . 432

Potatoes on the Eastern Shore . 433

Ruralisms . 434

Bridge Grafting . 435

Plan for Fruit and Vegetable Industry 435
Importance of Good Apple Packs .... 435

Wanted — New Germ Plasm . 437

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY

Interest in Draft Horses . 431

Cheese Monopoly Indictments . 436

First Step to Communism . 436

June Milk Prices . 436

New York’s Dairy Tragedy . 437

Pennsylvania Inspection Bill . 437

Wool Grades and Classes . 438

Cows Milk for Pigs . 445

Periodic Ophthalmia . 445

Strange Actions of Pig . 445

Lame Cow . 445'

Chincoteague Pony Roundup . 445

WOMAN AND HOME

Home Made Ice Cream . 440

The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest.. 440

Extra Dollars . 440

In Emergencies . 440

Grandma’s Easy Pickles . 441

Sunshine Iced Coffee . 441

My Struggles with Dieting . 441

Boys and Girls . 442

THE HENYARD

Marketing 1,400 Turkeys at Retail - 430

Bond All Egg Buyers . 437

Crop Bound Hens . 443

Feeding Small Flock . 443

Poultry Lice . 443

Scalding Broilers . 443

MISCELLANEOUS

Potato Field Day . 433

Our Great Democracy . 436

Sesquicentennial at Maryland, N. Y. .. 446
Publisher’s Desk . 446

ALL LEADING VARIETIES

100 500 1000

postage postage postage 1000

Cabbage .

prepaid

$1.40

prepaid

$1.85

F.O.B.

$1.00

Cauliflower .

4.00

6.00

5.50

Brussel Sprouts . .

. 55

1.50

2.50

1.75

Broccoli .

2.00

3.00

1.50

Col lard .

1.40

1.85

1.00

Tomato .

1.50

2.00

1.25

Plants grown from selected seed stock; all plants care¬
fully packed in Live Moss. We guarantee good delivery.

Send for Free Catalogue of Seeds and Plants.
OROL LEDDEN & SONS, Sewell, N. J.
Largest Growers & Shippers of Vegetable Plants in N.J.

Transplanted Strawberry

And other berry plants. Best for summer and fall plant¬
ing. All leading varieties 58 years in business. Catalog

free. L. J. FARMER, Box 216, PULASKI, N. Y.

C f r 0 ujkavrv Pl-.nl c Best Varieties. Catalog Free.

DiraWDerry rianis Ba*il Perry. Gesrgetown, Del.

What spoils the peas is a very
common question. It is never fully
answered although it is a constantly
recurring question. Here are some
hints to save disappointments.

What spoils the peas aside from
adverse weather may usually be
attributed to one of three things:
stem rot which causes the plants to
wilt and topple over; mildew, which
is a cobwebby growth over leaves,
stems and pods which causes the
plants to become sick; plant lice or
so-called pea aphides, which damage
the leaves causing them to curl, dis¬
color and die. It is rare that all of
these troubles occur at one time or
in the same garden but all have
about the same damaging effect, of
harming the plants to the extent
that practically no crop is secured.
It would be well to describe each of
these troubles and tell how to over¬
come them.

1. Stem Rot. — This is a fungus
caused by a parasite which works
on the stems close to the surface of
the ground and damages them so
that the plant collapses sooner or
later. The stems become discolored,
wrinkled and practically useless be¬
cause the water supply and food
materials from the soil are restricted,
or entirely cut off and the plants
topple over and wither. Stem rot is
sometimes called fusarium, a trou¬
ble due to a fungus living in the
soil from year to year and so in¬
fects the plants. The ground can be
sterilized by the use of chemicals
but this practice is generally too ex¬
pensive. A better way of solving the
problem is to plant the peas in a
new place each year thus dodging
the infested soil. Rotation is a good
practice of avoiding trouble with
stem rot, and is a simple expedient.

2. Mildew. — Mildew is a surface
fungus producing a cobwebby growth
over the surface of leaves and some¬
times developing on stems and pods.
It is due to a definite fungus which
is very much stimulated by con¬
ditions of wet weather, shade, and
moisture in the air and on the
ground. The disease spreads by
spores through the air or in rain
drops and becomes widespread under
favorable conditions of moisture. It
may spatter up from the ground.
Mildew is most prevalent in wet

seasons or in localities where there
is much fog and dew and in low
areas near rivers, ponds, etc. It is
less severe on dry land where there
is good ventilation and where the
plants are not thickly planted.

Mildew can be controlled by spray¬
ing the plants with Bordeaux or
wettable sulphur. Applications
should be made on cool dry days
as soon as the plants are two -thirds
grown. In a wet year it may be
well to spray a second time after a
week or 10 days. Keep the plants
up from the ground to keep the
leaves dry.

3. Plant Lice. — Plant lice or pea
aphides often damage peas once the
infestation gets started. These little
creatures, about the size of the head
of a pin, have a sucking mouth and
draw out the juices of the plant,
causing discoloration or wrinkling or
folding; and in case they are very
abundant the creatures will cause
the death of the leaves. Plant lice
can be controlled by spraying them
with nicotine sulfate, often known
as Black Leaf 40, or by Evergreen.
Any product which contains nicotine
or soap or similar ingredients is
good. Directions are furnished on
the package. Applications should be
made in the cool part of the day or
on cool Rays. Drenching the plants
thoroughly so as to wet the crea¬
tures and kill them should be
practiced. Plant lice are generally
most abundant in dry seasons and
hot weather, conditions just the re¬
verse of those favoring mildew and
stem rot.

Bad weather and pests as de¬
scribed are the only two sets of
problems in pea culture. Plant early
and plant deep except in hard soil
or wet places. Use lots of seed but
above all look out for the pests
that spoil the peas.

When everything goes well green
peas in abundance are a delight.
Everything about the pea is good.
The plants are attractive and the
pods have a kindly nature and are
gracefully attractive. When the peas
are cooked, go easy with the butter!
Use a little salt for the stomach’s
sake, but no cream or sugar. Don’t
try to improve perfection.

M. B. Cummings

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

This is a story of milk in the New
York milkshed. It goes back to the
earliest available sources of infor¬
mation to be found in print and
tradition for the commercial his¬
tory of the milk dairy industry in
New York State. It is probably the
first time it has been expressed
within the cover pages of any book.
It is interesting and informative. It
is also suggestive of the early habits
and customs that may have affected
the industry down to .the present
time. The author was born on a
dairy farm and shared its trials and
hardships, its interests and pleasures
for 30 years. The present milk system
began in 1870 and the author has
been able to write from personal
memory, constant and intimate con¬
tact for 70 years. He has known all the
organizations and most of the leaders
of them in the New York milkshed.
As a boy, impressed with the farm
cooperative principles advocated by
the Grange, he has been a consistent
champion of a dairy cooperative

system down to the present time.

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer and distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for distribution based
on costs plus the average rate of profits paid by the producers
on the supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete refer¬
ence index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

433

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Potatoes on the Eastern
Shore

One who is interested in potatoes
may well take a trip of a few days
to visit the Eastern Shore counties
of Virginia during the season. Sweet
and Irish potatoes of the finest
quality grown in the United States
are produced here. With 70,000 acres
of potatoes, grown in two small
counties about 70 miles long and
averaging only about eight miles
wide, one is seldom out of sight of
a potato field, save when passing
through wooded acres.

The soil varies from loam to- a
light sandy loam or even sand. While
most of the dwelling houses are
first-class, grain is threshed in the
fields and straw put up in large
stacks, not housed. Most of the hay
raised is also stacked.

While there are quite a few po¬
tatoes grown in lower Maryland,
around Berlin and Snow Hill, yet it
is not until one passes Pocomoke
City and crosses over into Accomac
County, Virginia, that the fields be¬
come large and frequent. Until we
get to Northampton County there
are almost as many acres in sweet
potatoes as whites. The farther one
goes the more white potatoes he
will see and the farther advanced
and usually the better they look.

In former years there was wide
variation in the yields secured, but
recently they have not shown so
much difference. Double and triple
strength material is being tried out
with very satisfactory results. Irish
Cobbler seed from various states and
provinces is being tested. The com¬
mon rotation in the Eastern Shore
potato section is a crop of potatoes
every year on most of the land. The
seed is planted the latter part of
February or March 1st, provided the
weather is suitable. A ton of 7-6-5
fertilizer is applied, all in the row,
but usually ahead of the planter. The
growers run a cultivator lightly down
the rows to mix the fertilizer with
the soil before planting. Most of the
cultivation is done with one-horse
cultivators. The rows are generally
as straight as if laid off by an
engineer and the fields almost en¬
tirely free of weeds and grass.

Corn is planted between alternate
rows of potatoes in most fields. The
corn is well started by the time
digging gets under way, and as the
crop is largely plowed out with a
one-horse turning plow the corn need
not be disturbed, and produces an
excellent crop from the fertilizer
used on the potatoes. In order to
keep up the organic matter, most
farmers sow a cover crop, but the
soil is usually too sour for clover
and the danger of scab is too serious
to permit the use of lime on potato
land. A few fields of crimson clover
'and some of vetch are to be seen,
though rye seems to be the principal
reliance for a Winter cover crop.
Since there is but little stock and
straw, a small amount of stable
manure is the result. Pine needles
or litter are raked up in the woods
and used as bedding and composted.

Everything on the peninsula is
figured in barrels (165 pounds).
From 50 to 60 barrels' per acre is
considered a fairly good yield with
probably four-fifths or three-fourths
making first or shipping size. Grad¬
ing is done largely in the field, the
pickers taking the first grade first
and putting them into barrels in
which they are shipped. The culls
or second grade are picked up after¬
wards.

Some second crop seed is grown
in the upper county, the seed for
which is kept in cold storage in
Norfolk and Philadelphia until
planted the latter part of July. The
acreage of second crop is said to be
on the decrease, however, the two
objections being that the land used
cannot be gotten into a good cover
crop, and also that the second crop
of seed starts more slowly and is
later maturing, thus often missing
the best price.

Although most of the farms are
operated by the owners, share rent¬
ing is common. The usual system in
the intensive potato sections is for
the renter to furnish everything and
receive two-thirds of the crop. Fre¬
quently the landlord is also the
dealer who sells the renter the seed
and fertilizer and handles the crop
after it is made.

Eastern Shore has other interest¬
ing features besides agriculture. It
was one of the earliest settled parts

of .the country, dating back to the
year 1614. Many tablets along the
highways give items of historic in¬
terest. The level fields, splendid
stretch of pine woods and the type
of architecture have a genuine
southern charm. The climate is mild

in Winter and seldom extremely hot
in Summer, on account of the
proximity of the bay and ocean.
Many of the best farms are located
out on the “necks” between the tidal
creeks and arms of the bay.

Virginia w. H. H.

Potato Field Day

Those attending the 12th annual
Empire State potato field day which
will be held this year on the farm
of Hugh Humphrey, New Hartford,
Oneida County, on August 14, will
have an opportunity to see a fine
example of a successful combination
of dairy farming and potato grow¬
ing.

The Humphrey farm is reported
to be one of the best potato growing
farms in that area. The total acre¬
age is 265 acres, divided in the
following order: hay 97 acres, silage
corn 35 acres, potatoes 25 acres, and
24 acres of oats and barley. Last
year the average yield of potatoes
was 384 bushels to the acre; part of
this crop was certified seed.

Mr. Humphrey has a herd of
Guernseys, 63 in all, a dairy barn
150 feet in length, three silos and a
modern potato storage that holds
10,000 bushels. a. j. o.

The Bookshelf

“In My Mother’s Home” by Ann
Nolan Clark is an unusual and very
interesting book. It is a story of the
Tewa Indians of New Mexico and
the story is told by the five little
Tesuque children. They tell of their
house of adobe brick, the brown
fields, windmills, irrigation ditches,
cows, horses and mountains. Every¬
thing in the house centers around the
fireplace and with the mother as. the
central figure. For sale by the
Viking Press, New York. Price $2.

Photo — Ralph F. Pratt, Warner, N. H,

Loading hay on a New Hampshire farm.

► Be ready to go with a McCormick-Deering Corn
Binder when the corn and other fodder crops are
right for cutting. There are 1-row and 2 -row power-
drive models for tractor operation in both regular
and "short” types; also the popular 1-row ground-
drive binder for use with horses or tractors.

Fill your silo when the crop is right for silage
with a McCormick-Deering Ensilage Cutter. Three
sizes . . . capacities for individual farm use as well
as for the silo-filling "ring.” Later in the fall,
McCormick-Deering Husker-Shredders (two sizes)
will come in handy for conserving feed.

See the International Harvester dealer near you.
Place your order now for fall delivery. You can
buy this equipment on the convenient Income Pur¬
chase Plan.

International Harvester Company

180 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois

1. Farmall-M and 2-row power-drive binder.

2. No. 9 Ensilage Cutter.

3. The No. 2 (2-roll) Husker-Shredder

McCormick-Deering Binder Twine

for your corn binder. Full length, full strength,
full weight, uniform thickness. Order now.

McCORMICK-DEERING

Corn

achines

434

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 26, 1941

THAT STICK TO THE TREE

PARMONE

u. 8. rAT, orr.

THE LIQUID HORMONE SPRAY

"T^ARMONE” has successfully com-
A pleted a full season of large scale
commercial use. It is the same effective
spray this year that showed such re¬
markable results during 1940.

" Parmone ” offers growers many im¬
portant advantages:

^ "Parmone” is easy to measure and
mix. It gives a uniform finished spray.

^ "Parmone” by delaying drop allows
fruit to develop better color, size
and quality.

^"Parmone” reduces culls due to
grounded fruit.

^"Parmone” lengthens the harvest
period allowing growers valuable
time for properly gathering crops.
It reduces ladder losses, helps elim¬
inate spot picking.

All these advantages of "Parmone”
contribute to lower costs for the grower
and greater dollar return.

To be sure of your supply of "Parmone, ”
see your nearest dealer now. Literature
and prices are available on request.

New England Distributor
Apothecaries Hall Co., Waterbury, Conn.

E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO.

INCORPORATED

CRASSELU CHEMICALS DEPARTMENT

Wilmington ^

_ rffi

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Delaware

Url

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G u. S PA T. Off-

INSECTICIDES & FUNGICIDES

‘NuREXFORM Lead Arsenate Lime Sulfur

‘CRASSELLI Lead Arsenate Calcium Arsenate

♦SULFORON Wettable Sulfur Spray Oils

*DUT0X Fluorine insecticide Copper Sulfate

‘CRASSELLI Spreader-Sticker Sulfur

‘LORO Contact Insecticide Paris Green

‘PARAPONT Paradkhlorobcnzene Copper- A Compound
Zinc Sulfate — Flake and Crystal Bordeaux Mixture
‘PARMONE Hormone Spray ‘BLACK LEAF “40”

Cryolite (precipitated) ‘BLACK LEAF “155”

Flotation Sulfur Paste ‘FLUXIT Spreader

Ruralisms

Delphinium Troubles. • — We have
had very little difficulty in growing
Delphiniums, except where the weath¬
er was unfavorable, but last year
one plant developed “blacks,” which
stunts the whole plant, curling and
distorting the leaves, and blacken¬
ing the flower spike. This trouble
is often treated as a disease, but it
is due to a tiny mite, which also
attacks Cyclamens. The mites are
too small to see without a micro¬
scope, so without knowing the cause
one might easily believe it to be
disease, rather than insect attack.
As soon as this trouble is noticed all
affected shoots should be cut out
and burned, and new growth dusted
with sulphur, or sprayed with pyre-
thrum. As the mites live over
Winter it is advised to treat the
crown of the plant with lime-
sulphur dust in Fall, and a spraying
with lime-sulphur before the shoots
appear in Spring. When the shoots
are once affected it is difficult to
control the mites, though pyrethrum
spray is helpful. There is a virus
disease, stunt or chlorosis, that must
not be confounded with mite infes¬
tation; this causes dwarfing of the
plants and flower heads, and mot¬
tling of the foliage. We know no cure
for this; the diseased plants should
be removed and destroyed. One of
the most serious fungus diseases of
Delphiniums is crown rot. The
affected plant suddenly wilts or
topples over, and examination shows
the white thread-like mycelium and
small brownish-red bodies of the
fungus. When this appears the
affected plant must be completely
dug out and burned; the soil where
it has grown and surrounding plants
must be soaked with corrosive sub¬
limate solution, one part sublimate
to one thousand parts water. The
tablets are sold by seedsmen with
directions. As this fungus infects a
number of other perennials thorough
treatment is essential. Corrosive sub¬
limate is also used to control black
spot, which shows in the form of
irregular black spots on the upper
side of the leaves; it sometimes
appears on the stems also. Infected
leaves should be removed as soon
as noticed, all crop remnants re¬
moved in Fall, and the crowns
drenched with corrosive sublimate,
one to 2,000 in early Spring. Black
spot is rarely a serious trouble, but
of course should be controlled when
it appears. Larkspurs are surpris¬
ingly free from insect attack, except¬
ing those invisible mites, and dis¬
eases do not seem difficult to control
with reasonable care. They are one
of our noblest perennials and cer¬
tainly worthy of all the care we can
give them. Delphiniums are excellent
to plant in front of Gladioli, as their
foliage disguises the thin rigidity of
the Gladiolus, while the tall flower
spikes rise above it.

“Fiddle Greens.” — We were a
little surprised recently to see our
suburban market offering “Fiddle
greens, a new vegetable,” and to
learn that some of the New York
dealers offered the same delicacy.
Fiddle greens would sound rather
mysterious to the city dweller, but
New Englanders who have searched
the Spring woods for- these tender
succulent sprouts know them well.
They are the first delicately curving
shoots of the tall ferns that when
full grown form a dense thicket, the
common brake, Pteris. We have

never eaten them, but believe they
are boiled and served with melted
butter or milk sauce. We first heard
of fiddle greens from a Maine
correspondent of The R, N.-Y.
Perhaps the early colonists learned
of their use from the Indians; we
have not heard of their being used
as food in Europe, though this fern
is common there. A surprising
quantity of wholesome food may be
found among wild plants; country
people know the value of dandelions,
goosefoot, poke, milkweed, curly
dock, and other “weeds” that help
to make up a “mess of greens.”

A Showy Cactus. — Several years
ago we were given a cactus cutting,
the giver stating that it would bear
a very showy flower. The only
plant of this family that we have
ever cared for is the Christmas
cactus; to us the odd forms of this
family present little charm, but as
we never decline a proffered plant
we took the cutting, and have given
it conscientious care for seven or
eight years. It has grown consider¬
ably, multiplying its branches, but
delayed bloom until this June. The
flower is very large and showy, about
six inches long, in color a flaming
scarlet, shading to cerise on the
inner petals. It is quite likely that
specimens of this cactus may be
found among old window plants, as
well as in greenhouses. The several
stems are flat, thin and crenate
(scalloped); there are no spines on
the old plant, though young growth
may have some spines. We believe
this plant is now classed as an
Epiphyllum, though it used to be
called Phyllocactus; it is a native of
Mexico. We learned, years ago, to
call the Christmas cactus Epiphyllum,
but that is now classed as a Zygo-
cactus. The botanists certainly call
the cacti hard names; the genera
have been so shifted about that the
average gardener can scarcely name
them correctly. Our old friend the
night - blooming Cereus is now
Selenicereus, but some varieties of
the Epiphyllums are night-blooming
also. Many of these cacti are
epiphytes; that is, they grow on
trees, clambering over the branches.
Of course these plants are too tender
to endure northern Winters, but
their culture in window or green¬
house is very simple. We used to
put them outside in a sheltered
sunny place during July and August,
but the squirrels took to pruning
them, so we keep them in a sunny
window 12 months of the year. A
fibrous loam, with abundant drain¬
age material, seems to suit them; the
varieties commonly described as
desert cacti like a sandy soil, and
little or no fertilizer, though a small
modicum of slaked lime may be
added, about a teaspoonful to an
ordinary pot. Poor drainage, or a
waterlogged soil, may prove fatal to
any cactus. The only thoroughly
hardy cactus we know in this lati¬
tude is the prickly pear, Opuntia
vulgaris, which is sometimes planted
on arid slopes; the golden yellow
flowers are gorgeous, and the fruits
edible, but we have spent too much
time picking its exasperating little
spines out of our irritated hands to
admit to our garden. Gathering
prickly pears along the Jersey coast
was one of the hazards of childhood.
Another variety, Opuntia Ficus —
indica, is the Indian fig. E. T. Royle

Mr. Father. .

• If you were unexpectedly called
to start on a six months’ trip, one
of the first questions you would
ask yourself would probably be —

• “How much money will my
family need each month to keep
things going at home until my
return?”

• Wouldn’t you like to make cer¬
tain that the postman will de¬
liver a check to your wife every
month, should anything happen
to you?

• The Farmers and Traders “Clean
Up and Income Continuation ”
Plan was designed to do just this.

• Write today for an outline
and complete details of this
plan at your age.

FARMERS AND TRADERS
LIFE INSURANCE CO.

HOME OFFICE — SYRACUSE, N. Y.

Organized 1912 Assets $10,404,382.00

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***’'*'—■ does more

V*^ kinds of work,
easier and quicker.
Makes perfect Grass Si¬
lage, Chops Hay, Straw,
Makes Alfalfa Meal,
Shreds Fodder;
used as Grain^**^^
Blower.

SILO FILLERS
HAY CUTTERS

FOX RIVER
TRACTOR CO.
1192 N. Rankin St.
APPLETON, WIS.
Also Mfrs. FOX
Comb. Pick-Up Cut¬
ter, Grass and Com
Silage Harvester.

You

cannot afford
» risk damage now.
USE American Liquid
Roof Cement, the favorite tor a
generation. Unload your roof troubles on
us end save yourself work, worry and money.
Thousands of satisfied customers everywhere.

American Oil & Paint Co., Dept. B, Cleveland, 0.

Profitable territories open lor good salesmen!

Just Published!

Soil Conservation

By Hugh II. Bennett

U. S. Department of Agriculture

9 68 pages, illustrated, S6.00

Plus 12 Cents Sales Tax for New York
City Residents

For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th SI., New York, N. Y.

ITR4.DI MARKS

The Cornelius Bridge farm home in Sandusky, Cattaraugus County, N. Y.

7ht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

435

A Plan for the Fruit and
Vegetable Industry

Part III

One more advantage of this co¬
operative group work is an oppor¬
tunity for intelligent crop planning.
A group of growers getting together
monthly can talk over their pros¬
pective plantings of various crops
and in this way can assist in avoid¬
ing over-production of any one
commodity. They can learn through
their canner representatives the
stocks of canned goods on hand and
possible future demands, which is of
immense value in crop planning.
The shippers can likewise contribute
information regarding prospective
demands, which they may have at
their disposal. One of the greatest
trials of the farmers at the present
time is to get accurate and reliable
crop information. A skeptic is going
to say that any such, information
given by the canners or shippers will
be dishonest or at the very least,
misleading, but he should realize
that this is untrue because it is to
the best interests of these men to
fostertintelligent crop planning. Pro¬
duction of any commodity which is
just sufficient to meet demand is far
more profitable to the shipper,
canner, receiver and retailer alike,
than either under or over-production.
For this reason, all of these agencies
are anxious and desirous that the
growers should have just as accurate
information as is humanly possible.

Still another point in favor of this
organization is that it gives the pro¬
ducer increased power and prestige
in bringing about desired results. It
is difficult, to the point of impossible,
for one single individual to get
action, but acting as a group, much
more weight is brought to bear and
definite results follow.

So far we have simply been con¬
sidering one small county organi¬
zation working as a single unit. This
is necessarily the only manner in
which such a movement can start,
slowly and cautiously and from the
ground up. But with the forming of
several of these small groups, think
of the magnified value to the whole
trade! Interchange of crop planning
information, interchange of infor¬
mation regarding crop harvesting,
production, and shipments, coordin¬
ation of efforts for certain improve¬
ments are three primary advantages
which can never be stressed too
emphatically. Entered into earnestly
and sincerely by the producers and
other agencies of the trade, these
three advantages gained by this type
of organization can alter the whole
agricultural picture from a non¬
profit to a profit paying business.

Our group is confident in the
ability of this program to do a real
job for agriculture. It is as yet
only in its infancy but it has possi¬
bilities of a very bright future if
we can get serious and strenuous
cooperation on the part of the trade
as a whole, and principally pro¬
ducers. They should certainly profit
by it. It is, for this reason, our duty
to give every bit of energy and in¬
fluence we have to solving this
problem of unprofitable agriculture.
It is the greatest curse in the United
States today, and it affects all in¬
dustries, whether or not of an agri¬
cultural nature. We feel that we
have discovered the beginnings for
working out the final solution to
this problem. We are willing and
anxious to assist the forming of
other groups in any way possible.
Please give it your earnest con¬
sideration, because you are the one
who is going to profit from profitable
agriculture. Edward S. Dixon

New York

News From Maine

The biggest change in feeding
made by Maine poultrymen is put¬
ting up grass silage. They cut the
grass, or soft oats and clover, chop
it by hand or hay cutters and pack
it into 55-gallon steel barrels, using
four gallons of molasses diluted with
an equal amount of water. The con¬
tainer is sealed and stored in a cool
place. It is fed at the rate of not
over four pounds daily in the Winter
to 100 birds. Those who tried it
last year are putting up more this
year.

Cull potatoes are used to replace
part of the scratch feed. They are
boiled and fed at a rate of not more
than 10 pounds to 100 birds. Maine
fish meal is used in place of meat
scrap.

Farmers have been hit hard by
the draft and farm workers going
into defense plants. The lost is now
being felt in the present haying
season. In Aroostook County the
planting of potatoes is done so much
now by machinery that the shortage
is not *so acute but at the time of
potato picking the growers are
wondering just what they will do.
It has been suggested that the schools
and academies arange their schedules
of opening so the students may work
in the potato fields. Orchardists are
also at a loss to know what they will
do for apple pickers in September
and October.

Maine farmers still believe in the
local saying that “Maine never had
a drought or a flood.” This is in a
comparative sense with other sec¬
tions of the country. The present
season has been very dry and the
hay crop is short, except some new
pieces that have been top-dressed
with manure. Some cows in pasture
were “knee deep in June” and be¬
cause of previous manuring of the
pastures will have good feed in
August. Many poor fields have been
plowed since haying and seeded in
hopes to have a feeding crop of
millett or sudan grass. Aroostook
County potato growers have been
asked to make the grass into hay
that the usually plow under and sell
it to “down state” dairymen.

The biggest event in the dairy
business in Maine comes this year
on Saturday, August 9 the dairy
show held at the State Farm at High-
moor in Monmouth. Here will be
assembled the best cows in the Dairy
Herd Improvment Association of the
State. The rules and regulations
have been changed somewhat this
year in that junior yearlings, senior
yearlings and two-year-olds must be
daughters of cows with a dairy herd
improvement association record of
350 pounds of butterfat or over,
mature equivalent. Young stock
with this qualification will be classed
on type alone. Three, four and five-
year-olds must have dairy herd im¬
provement association records of
production and awards will be based

on type classification and production.

The committee in charge includes
E. B. Denny, Jr., Damriscotta; Ross
Elliott, East Corinth; Sherman
English, Monroe; Russell Foster,
Augusta; Donald H. Corbett, Au¬
gusta, chief of the Bureau of Ani¬
mal Industry of the Department of
Agriculture. Assisting will be Clay¬
ton Osgood of the Department and
Ralph A. Corbett of the Extension
Service. v. w.<c.

Maine

Importance of a Good Apple
Pack

In a recent issue of The Rural
New-Yorker, there was an article
by Walter Jack on apple grading.
I am sure that apple growers would
not have to worry so much about
selling their product, quite so much
at least, if they all graded their
apples, and had the name of the
grower plainly printed on the con¬
tainer. It would also be very help¬
ful to those of us buying apples who
don’t know our varieties very well
if they would label what kind of
apple it was. Then we would know
what to ask for next time.

Three years ago last Winter, the
first year we were married, my
husband brought home a bushel of
apples from the store. They were
not labeled in t any way. I’ve often
wondered since what kind they were.
The apples on top were among the
best I’ve ever eaten, lovely to look
at, juicy, tender and with the most
delicate flavor. Then, when we had
eaten off the top layer or two came
a pretty sad jolt. At least three-
quarters of the bushel consisted of
apples half the size, or less, of
those on top. However, we wouldn’t
have minded the size so much if
the quality had been the same, but
I have never seen such poor fruit.
They were an unattractive dark
.green, without a tinge of red, but
the flavor, or rather the lack of it,
was worst of all. The flesh was dry
and greenish, and we both agreed
that the taste resembled nothing so

much as rotten wood. The bushel
lasted a long time, but we ate them.
Unless you are rich, things can’t be
just thrown away. But you can bet
they were the last apples we bought
that Winter.

I wonder if the grower gained so
much. If the apples had been fairly
graded, we’d have gone back for
more, because we do like apples.
We have bought some since, of
course, but warily and not in large
quantities, and I always feel sus¬
picious of a bushel of fruit, especially
if the top looks extra fine. Certainly
hundreds of people have had this
same experience. And yet some
growers can’t understand why we
don’t consume more apples.

We don’t expect all apples to be
first quality; they couldn’t be. And
there are times maybe when we
couldn’t afford to pay for fancy
grades, and yet would want some.
If they were all graded honestly and
labeled second or third grade, with
the apples on top representative of
the quality throughout, so we could
judge by the appearance too, each
of us could and would buy all that
he could afford.

By the way, while we like
Macintosh, it « is not one of our
favorites. After eating them a few
days, we seem to tire of them more
than of some other sorts. h. y.

An Up-State Consumer.

Bridge Grafting

The experiment in bridge graft¬
ing on a 12 year old dwarf McIntosh
apple tree referred to in 1937 did
not come to as favorable an end as
then seemed to be in prospect. The
tree put out leaves and blossoms
this year as usual, but about a month
ago gave up the struggle to live.

I removed the blossoms each year,
fertilized each Fall with cyanimid
and gave wide clean cultivation. The
bridges seemed alive and working,
but could not take the place of the
bark removed by the girdling rabbits.

The remark of an old nurseryman
comes to mind, e. g.: “I never had
any luck with cripples.” j. g. g.

!fl§§

rill

111

iiif

i ts.

CORN HARVESTING MACHINERY

****4 ■

NEW IDEA originated the modem power
take-off operated com picker. Compare any
other 1-row or 2-row picker with the latest
NEW IDEA models and you will discover
that the superiority of NEW IDEA perform¬
ance definitely reflects NEW IDEA leader¬
ship in this specialized field. NEW IDEA
Pickers today still excel in clean, rapid,
economical harvesting, as well as in per¬
fection of mechanical development. You can
depend on a NEW IDEA to meet every prac¬
tical condition of field or crop and to work
smoothly with any tractor of suitable power.

The NEW IDEA 1-row picks, husks
and loads on the wagon, 8 to 12
acres a day; the 2-row, 12 to 18
acres. Steel wheels or air tires
on either model. Your dealer
will gladly show you these
outstanding machines.

If your program calls for the fullest possible
use of com fodder, be sure to familiarize
yourself with the capabilities of NEW IDEA
Husker-Shredders. Run your com bundles
through one of these machines and it will
put a useful crop of shredded fodder into
mow or stack at the same time that it de¬
livers the cleanly husked ears on the wagon.
Two sizes; both of finest modem all-steel
construction, with separate snapping and
husking rolls. Fast, safe, economical. Re¬
quire little power; work efficiently with small
crews. Mail the coupon for complete details.

The NEW IDEA 4-roll Husker-Shredder is ideal for
average farms. Works well with small tractors.
Capacity 25 to 45 bu. per hour. 6-roll model
popular for custom work. Capacity 60 to
90 bu. per hour. Ask your dealer.

NEW IDEA, Inc., Dept. 659, Coldwater, Ohio

You may send free information on items checked below. I
j Name - Address _ _ _ _ |

1 _ x I -row Pickers □ 2-row Pickers □ 4-roll Huskers □ 6-roll Huskers □

'w.

H j

I" 1

111

lii

436

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Establis?ied *sso

I'libiiatitd BE Weekly by tbe Harm! l’nlilSihinr Co., I nr . SS3 Went *0»h 8t„ N«w York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

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William F. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworth, Woman and Home Editor
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T. B. Charles Mrs. K. T. Royle

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Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, 11.50 per agate line — 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon-
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any Toss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes between our subscribers and honest,
responsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end, but such cases should not be confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

Our Great Democracy

Part VI

O the writer all rights, whether personal,
civil or economic, are gifts of God. Men
have said they do not believe in God, but
they profess to perceive in- one being the
perfection of form and color, of charity and
love, of beauty and truth, of fidelity and
wisdom, of honor and truth. This concept they
call “nature.” Most of us call this perfect
spiritual being God. This is only a difference
in terminology. In one way or another most
people admit the existence of God.

In the very first lines of our system of
government, our forefathers acknowledged
God as our Creator, appealed to Him for
wisdom and guidance, and implored His bless¬
ing on their work. On His eternal truths they
laid the structure of our great democracy.
The people of their time approved and ratified
their acts.

The system upheld all inalienable rights of
individuals. They emphasized the right to
life, liberty, happiness, and justice. They in¬
cluded the right of access to land and the
universal gifts of nature such as sunlight,
air, water and the right to work, the right
of ownership in what they produced, the right
to own land, and wealth acquired by produc¬
tion, purchase or gift, the right of free speech,
the right to worship God according to their
own conscience, and the right to go where
they wished to go. None of these gifts and
rights are absolute. All of them are subject
to God’s standard of justice. They impose a
responsibility. Others are entitled to them as
well as our individual selves. If we do any¬
thing to deprive others of the gifts and rights
enjoyed by us, we offend God’s sense of
absolute justice, we forfeit our right to them
and our full enjoyment of them. We fail in
the responsibility we assume with the gifts
and rights we received from God.

The greater the gift the greater our re¬
sponsibility. Man is dignified above all other
creatures in many particulars. Among them
are the gift of speech, free will and an im¬
mortal soul. We are endowed with all graces
to lead decent proper lives. If we neglect
them and in our conceit and pride and defi¬
ance debase our gifts and blaspheme God, we
sin. Then only pain, suffering, sacrifice and
penance will appeal to God’s mercy and re¬
store the gifts and rights of the offending
spirit. Thus free will is a test of human
obedience and a proof of God’s love for his
repentant creatures.

Civil and property rights come next.

Cheese Monopoly Indictments

AFTER a lapse of almost ten months since
the Federal Trade Commission issued
a “cease and desist” order against Wisconsin
cheese companies, the U. S. Attorney General
has obtained indictments accusing six of
these concerns and nine individuals of violat¬
ing the anti-trust laws. The indictments were
returned by a Federal Grand Jury in
Wisconsin on July 1.

The charges include collusion by the de¬
fendants in fixing prices prior to their open
meetings with producer representatives. Ac¬
cording to the indictments, “During a period

of approximately eight years the defendants,
and other persons to the Grand Jury unknown,
have knowingly and continuously engaged
in a conspiracy to fix the prices to be paid
to cheese factories, most of which are local
cooperative enterprises,” and “as a result of
this conspiracy, the defendants suppressed
competition among themselves and fixed non¬
competitive prices for Swiss and limburger
cheese purchased by them.”

Those who will stand trial on these
conspiracy charges are: The Borden Com¬
pany, operating as Lakeshire Marty Di¬
vision; Kraft Cheese Company, a National
Dairy subsidiary; Badger Brodhead Cheese
Company, a Kraft subsidiary; J. S. Hoff¬
man Company; Triangle Cheese Company,
a Hoffman subsidiary; and Foreign Type
Cheese Dealers Association. Individuals
named in the indictment are: Charles A.
Eckburg and Carl Marty, Jr., president and
vice-president of the Lakeshire Marty
Division of the Borden Company; Raymond
R. Kubly and Robert F. Marty, managers of
the Lakeshire Marty Division; John M.
Finnucane, vice-president of Triangle Cheese
Company; Harry I. Hoffman, vice-president
of J. S. Hoffman Company; J. R. Moulder,
vice-president of the Kraft Cheese Company
and Badger Brodhead Cheese Company;
Ralph H. Wenger, general manager of the
Badger Brodhead Cheese Company; and John
P. Zweifel, president of the Foreign Type
Cheese Dealers Association.

Women Enter Crochet Contest

THE Speed Crochet Contest, sponsored by
The Rural New-Yorker, to be held at
the New York State Fair in Syracuse on
August 25, is now well under way. As we go
to press, the response to date has been most
gratifying. It looks as though the contest hall
will be filled to overflowing with many nimble
needle operators.

If the expert crocheter in your particular
R. N.-Y. family has not sent in her entry
coupon yet, now is the time to use the one
on page 440 of this issue. Mail all entries to
the office of The Rural New-Yorker, 333
West 30th Street, New York City, not later
than the closing date — midnight, August 17.
Complete directions will be sent you promptly
and the sooner you have the pattern to prac¬
tice on, the speedier you will become before
August 25.

Send in _ your entry now. The more the
merrier!

O PRAY injury is often a puzzling matter.
^ Solutions found safe one year may do
serious damage the next. The condition of
the tree and its foliage must be considered.
The leaves of trees weakened by drought,
winter injury and poor soil will be damaged
by sprays more than those on vigorous trees.

It has been found that long periods of
damp weather may hasten decomposition of
arsenicals and Bordeaux and increase the
free arsenic and copper thus separated from
their protecting ingredients. It is the free
arsenic and copper that does the damage.
In some cases night spraying has proven
safer than day treatment, possibly because
the foliage is less active at night.

There is no doubt that where powerful
spray material is used there will be less in¬
jury from a spray mist rather than in the
form of fine rain. One year we saw all of
the apples on a tree destroyed by a slightly
coarser spray of the same solution used as
a mist on nearby trees. It is evident that
there is much yet to be learned about the
tolerance of plants to sprays considered
standard.

LIVE stock and meat prices are holding
up well. Marketing for the first six
months of this year has equalled the same
period last year, with the outlook for heavier
business for the remainder of the season and
higher prices in some lines. Hog prices in¬
creased $2 per hundred from Spring figures,
and new crop lambs are somewhat higher,
with strong consumer demand. The excellent
condition in which lamb appears in butcher
shops has increased its popularity. A dis¬
play of bright colored lamb chops in the show
case often brings a buyer decision at once.

July 26, 1941

First Step to Communism

IT would be difficult to correctly classify
the Dairymen’s League annual performance
at Syracuse on June 27. To the casual ob¬
server, it had the features of a farce. To many
a struggling dairy farmer, it must have been
seen as a tragedy. To those familiar with
the calling of the Hitler Reichstag in Ger¬
many, it must have been seen as a grand re¬
hearsal' of the special Nazi brand of subver¬
sive propaganda. The one thing certain about
it is that it had no suggestion of an industrial
deliberation for the study of the present
plight of dairy farmers.

The young men of the farms have been
called to the training camps, farm “hired-
men” have been absorbed by industry, the
drought has reduced the crops that make feed
for cows, the cost of feed and other farm
supplies have gone up, the cost of producing
milk is increasing by the minute, but the farm
price of milk has been fixed and frozen for
nearly a year in advance by a legalized
monopoly consisting of big dealers, subser¬
vient farm leaders and government officials.

This totalitarian and communist system
was hailed from the Syracuse stage as the
triumph of farm cooperation by men who
knew in their hearts that the system has been
forced on dairy farmers against their will
by a monopoly of milk dealers and their
stooges and political leaders.

Hitler says that the masses are slow to
comprehend, that their minds are slow and
the way to fool them is to keep telling them
big lies in the form of slogans until they be¬
lieve that falsehood is truth because they have
been led to believe it. Mr. Sexauer is an apt
pupil. He has had skilled mentors, but he
never trusted true, voluntary farmers’ co¬
operation. He gained his power over dairymen
by politics and tricky laws. He used these
powers to gain control of plants for himself
and his allies. When farmers rebelled, he
threw the whole industry into politics and
saved his job for a while longer. It is the
first step in America toward the totalitarian
state, which farmers abhor.

Milk Prices for June

The net cash basic prices paid for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 201-210 mile zone by dealers report¬
ing for the month of June are as follows:

, Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.

Lehigh Valley Co-op. Farms _ $2.31 $0,049

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 2.13 .045

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 1.97 .0419

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 1.95 .0414

Sheffield Farms . 1.94 .041

Dairymen’s League . 1.845 .039

These are basic prices. Fat, freight bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

Brevities

Egg drying plants in this country have ca¬
pacity for producing 40,000,000 pounds. A dozen
average eggs will dry down to about six ounces.

Frogs are now protected by law in New York
State. The open season for catching them began
June 16 and will continue throughout September.

In ten townships of New Jersey, cows out¬
number people two to one. The township of
Wantage, in Sussex County, has four cows to
every person.

New York State farmers in 1940 sold cattle and
calves valued at $24,000,000; hogs, $3,000,000; and
lambs, $1,160,000. New York ranks fifth in total
value of meat products.

Our Winter wheat crop this year is estimated
at 697,692,000 bushels, or 18 per cent above last
season; Spring wheat, 213,007,000 bushels, six
per cent under the 1940 yield.

Reports to the Government from 22,509 corres¬
pondents showed that, on June 1, 11,649,000

persons were working on farms in this country,
a decrease of 247,000 from the previous year.

Cottage cheese, or potcheese, is excellent
Summer food, easily made by those who have
milk, and available to others at dairy stores. It
is higher in protein percentage than most meats.

“Thus saith the Lord, Let not the wise man
glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man
glory in his might, let not the rich man glory
in his riches: But let him that glorieth glory in
this, that he understandeth and knoweth me,
that I am the Lord which exercise loving kind¬
ness, judgment and righteousness, in the earth:
for in these things I delight, saith the Lord.”
Jere. 9. 23-24.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

437

New York’s Dairy Tragedy

THE dairy tragedy in the New York milk
shed is still on the stage.

For seventy years farmers have fought for
their God-given right to set the price on
the product of their work and skill and capital.

Dealers have schemed, conspired and in¬
trigued to fix the price they pay farmers and
charge consumers for milk.

Up to the close of the World War, the in¬
herent right of the farmer was, in theory at
least, respected. Twenty years ago, the setup
of the Borden-League Alliance upset that
principle of American justice.

Ten years of the domination of that Alli¬
ance prostrated the industry and drove dairy¬
men to the brink of ruin. Then the State
assumed Emergency Control and fixed prices
for all except the Borden-League Alliance.
After four years of confusion, State Control
was abandoned March 31, 1937.

The Legislature then passed a law author¬
izing milk producers to conduct their own
business with provisions to safeguard the con¬
sumers. Alleging that farmers could not
agree, Governor Lehman vetoed the farm
bill and approved the dealers’ Rogers-Alien
Bill which was promoted by the Borden-
League Alliance and all the proponents of the
milk monopoly. The Bargaining Agencies set
up under the law resulted in a price monopoly
by the Big-3 — Borden, Sheffield, and the
League. The scheme collapsed in less than
six months.

The failure of the Bargaining Agencies was
evidently anticipated because the law also
contained provisions for the Federal-State
Orders, under which milk for the metropolitan
area is now distributed. The milk prices paid
to farmers under the Federal-State Orders
are actually fixed by the Big-3 and their
associates, many of whom are now under in¬
dictment in New York and under separate
indictments in Wisconsin for eight-year vio¬
lations of the anti-trust laws. The same
offenders were recently indicted in Chicago.
They pleaded guilty, and escaped trial by a
promise to desist and reform.

The setup has masqueraded as a farm co¬
operative system. It is nothing of the kind.
It is as autocratic, dictatorial and ruthless as
German Nazism. Some real cooperatives have
been forced into the plan but all know that
it is dominated by the dealer monopoly. The
State courts decreed that the Dairymen’s
League was not cooperative.

The Federal part of the setup is simply the
political agricultural bureau and makes no
pretense of being cooperative.

After State Control and dealer avarice had
defeated themselves in the Bargaining Agen¬
cies, the Federal-State system was set up to
give the milk dealers and their stooges full
control of milk distribution. No more brazen
schemes to exploit an industry has ever been
adopted anywhere. It is honeycombed with
graft and spoils.

To his everlasting credit, Administrator
Cladakis has fought for the elimination of
these abuses due to State political corruption
and intrigue, but he has been able to make
only small dents in the systematic robbery of
milk producers and consumers. \

For his decency and devotion to duty, he
has, however, incurred the hate and venom
of the. leaders of the Dairymen’s League and
these leaders are getting large sums of money
monthly for alleged services. The Adminis¬
trator may be called upon sometime in the
future to tell what it was spent for. He does
not know. It is farmers’ money. As a faith¬
ful trustee, he is responsible for it. He has
asked for an accounting of the money. Instead
of complying, they have started a propaganda
campaign to force him out of his position. The
intrigues are cryptic and subtle. We are sure
to see more of them.

Denied all hope of a fair price by dealers,
the Dairy Farmers’ Union called' a strike
July 1. New York City was short about 40
per cent of its fluid supply. Mr. Owen D.
Young, a retired lawyer and industrialist, held
the milk from his three farms. He had re¬
cently denounced the present classifications
and price system as a scandalous economic and
social system. He suggested desirable changes

before the present prices were fixed. The
suggestions were excluded from the record.
Copies of the recent book “Seven Decades of
Milk” were received in evidence and then
rejected on objections from the Dairymen’s
League attorneys. Amendments to the Orders
were also filed with the Secretary giving
farmers authority to fix prices for the city
requirements of fluid milk and cream, and
to sell the surplus to manufacturers of by¬
products, but not to distributing fluid dealers.

After a week of the strike, it was suspended
on Governor Lehman’s promise to appeal for
further amendments to the Orders. Practically
all groups have now joined in a request for
a $3 per cwt. price for all milk.

Wanted — New Germ Plasm

EMAN CHAPIN is credited with having
saved the Northern Spy apple from
extinction. A group of apple seedlings were
growing wild at East Bloomfield in Western
New York. For some reason Chapin took
scions from one of these, before it had even
fruited, and grafted them into an apple tree.
The original seedling was subsequently de¬
stroyed but the grafts that lived bore such
remarkable fruit that they were named the
“Northern Spy.” Such was the origin of the
Northern Spy apple, a variety that in the
opinions of many, has no peer. And Heman
Chapin who saved it for the world has been
eulogized as having been of greater value
to the world than “had he commanded large
armies.” In short, he prevented a bit of new
and unique living matter or “protoplasm”
from being snuffed out and lost.

This is the way that permanent progress
in agriculture has come about, namely,
through the finding of new types of plants
and animals. To be sure, the discovery that
sulfur or copper sprays will control apple
scab is a real and immediate contribution,
but it is at best a temporary solution to the
problem. The man who can find an apple
of merit which is immune to apple scab will
have done much more. Likewise the man
who can develop blight resistance in pears
or leaf spot resistance in cherries or can de¬
velop apple varieties which are free from the
ravages of codling moth or bud moth or one
of a dozen other pests will have done more
than “had he commanded large armies.”

All of these are possibilities, just as mosaic
lesistance and mildew and wilt resistance
have become realities in vegetable crops.
Every day, on every side, there are ample
evidences. The McIntosh apple is resistant
to aphis, the Grimes Golden is resistant to
scab, the Shalil peach is resistant to nematodes.

Further, there is need for new varieties
and types to adapt various areas of land to
certain crops. The Concord grape established
the grape industry in eastern America, the
Bartlett pear brought pear culture to real
commercial development, and the McIntosh
apple saved a rapidly fading apple industry
in the Northeast. The Great Plains area needs
hardiness to winter cold, the East calls for
smaller fruit trees and lower cost of produc¬
tion, the South asks for peach varieties that
have a short rest period. All of this can be
had for the effort.

Such an idea calls for the finding of
protoplasm which carries the desired charac¬
ters, and a germ plasm which will transmit
them to the offspring. In other words the
student of plant materials, the critical ob¬
server, the man who finds a likely seedling
in the fence row and tends and cares for it
and thereby finds a valuable new addition to
the world’s list of valuable plants and animals,
the trained plant and animal breeder — all
of these have real opportunity for making
great contributions to civilization. They de¬
serve every encouragement and support.

And so when the war’s temper grows fierce,
destruction becomes great, and economic prob¬
lems turn hard, it is a good time to think in
terms of the future and to realize that all
around us new protoplasm and promising
germ plasm exist. They await development
into new forms through which the world will
eventually become little by little a better place
in which to live.

Milk and Dairy Notes

PENNSYLVANIA INSPECTION BILL NOW
BEFORE GOVERNOR

Due to the constant and persistent demands
of dairymen, the Pennsylvania Uniform In¬
spection Bill, known originally as the Moul-
Woodring Bill, has been revised in sub¬
stantially the same form and finally approved
by the State Legislature.

First passed by the Assembly last March,
the bill was all but scuttled in the Senate
with amendments. The Assembly refused to
concur in the changes and for three months
the bill was buried in committee. Finally,
under the sponsorship of a joint legislative
committee, a new bill was prepared along
the lines of the first measure which had a
100 per cent farm support. This new bill has
now been approved by the Legislature and
is before the Governor.

Here again is another example of what a
group of determined farmers can do when
they stick together and work together for a
piece of good farm legislation. They have
been fighting this battle a long time and
have had continual opposition from the milk
monopoly interests and their controlled bloc
in the Legislature. Nevertheless, they have
come out victorious. This initial success is
due in no small measure to the activity of
the Pennsylvania Raw Milk Producer-Dis¬
tributor Association which has worked ener¬
getically and fearlessly for the measure.

It is a good bill in that it sets up a uniform
set of State inspection regulations for all
dairy farms and milk plants. The bill should
be approved by Governor James.

§1.95 A CWT. FOR JUNE MILK

A June price of $1.95 for 3.5% milk under
the Federal-State Orders has been announced.
This price is 12 cents over the May, 1941, price
of $1.83 and 39 cents more than the $1.56
price for June, 1940.

Although 2,500,000 lbs. more were handled
in the past month than during June of last
year, diversion payments were $113,000 less
and payments to cooperatives $25,000 less.

Bond All Egg Buyers

Farmers should work to get a bill through the
State Legislature to make egg buyers and
commission merchants put up bonds to make
them be honest and pay for the eggs. I under¬
stand that milk receivers are bonded, so why
shouldn’t egg receivers be bonded also? I have
lost money and so has a neighbor; sent eggs to
New York City and could not get my pay.

As it is now, anyone can advertise for eggs
and send out shipping tags with letters asking
poultrymen to ship them their eggs and that they
will pay top price. They pay top price for a
few shipments, then they quit paying. Something
ought to be done about it. Why not send letters
to all State Senators and Assemblymen so that
a new law can be put on the books to protect
poultrymen? B. R. McKune

New York

T T ERE is a good suggestion. While milk
dealers are required to be licensed and
bonded, there are no such rules for all egg
buyers. The present law applies only to
commission merchants who sell as agents for
poultrymen and deduct commissions for their
services. It does not cover egg receivers or
egg wholesalers who buy outright from farm¬
ers and resell on their own account. This is
a distinction without a difference but it makes
a good deal of difference to the poultryman
when it comes to full payment for his product.

Egg buyers operate as receivers and deal¬
ers for the sole purpose of evading the license
and bonding restrictions imposed on com¬
mission merchants. The legislature would do
well to see that this hole is plugged promptly.

Milk and Cream Supply

Recipts at the New York metropolitan area for
May, 1941. r- - 40-qt. Units-

State of origin

Milk

Cream

Condensed

New York .

2,162,857

129,849

62,014

New Jersey .

522,224

3,413

Pennsylvania . . .

. 471,034

11,528

6,400

Vermont .

, 103,751

3,534

162

Maryland .

Ohio .

18,745

2,290

Massachusetts .
Connecticut . . .

. 16,206
22,788

2,360

Total, May, 1941

.3,317,605

152,974

58,576

Total, May, 1940

.3,205,447

161,894

55,825

vJ tell, xvxcij y < 1U IjOux

New York furnished 65 per cent of the milk an
84.8 per cent of the cream coming into the cit
for all the month of May, 1941. There is n
record of the milk and cream coming into th
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. Cit]

438

•The RURAL NEW-YORKER

July 26. 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

While a record high wool produc¬
tion is anticipated for 1941 materi¬
ally higher prices are in prospect.
Price increases will be influenced by
the fact that mill consumption is
now at record high levels. There
was a comparatively small carry¬
over of wool. Favorable factors are
prospective continuance of use for
wool fabrics for our Army, also due
to the industrial upswing the present
rate of demand for apparel wool is
the highest for the past 20 years.
Comparative prices of foreign and
domestic wools show a narrowing of
spread between prices. High freight
rates and decreases of available
shipping will have a restricting in¬
fluence on export shipments.

Blood Grading

Changing economic conditions
have materially influenced specific
wool grade requirements, especially
as they pertain to certain industrial
uses. During the past few years such
factors as a decline in demand for
woolen underwear, broadcloth and
other material requiring a short fine
staple have had a detrimental in¬
fluence on price for short stapled
wool. Increased demand for certain
kinds of wool for use in automobile
upholstery, sport clothes and ladies
sport coats have all tended to boost
the price for comparatively soft,
elastic wool carrying considerable
length and strength.

During Colonial days and the
later winning of the West a large
percentage of our sheep carried a
predominance of Merino blood. The
market paid a premium for the kind
of fleece produced by the fine-wool
Merinos, broadcloth was in great
demand and the Merino fleece pro¬
duced the best. During the early part
of the 19th century over 20,000
Merino sheep were imported to the
United States. It became customary
for wool buyers to grade fleece on
the basis of best quality Merino wool,
as it was the finest and sold for the
most money. Fleeces so graded were
usually called Fine.

From this developed our so-called
American Blood Grading system.
These grades later were based on
seven standards (now superseded),
which became officially effective by
the U. S. Department of Agriculture
on July 1, 1923. For the purpose of
grading wool the fleece was desig¬
nated by the grade of the largest
proportion of the fibers of the fleece.
All grading was comparative with
standards based on a series of sam¬
ples in the custody of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture in the
District of Columbia in a container
marked “Original official wool stand¬
ards of the United States, grades.”

The seven grades so designated
were called: Fine, % Blood, %
Blood, J/4 Blood, Low y4 Blood,
Common, and Braid. Such a desig¬
nation was misleading in its termin¬
ology and incorrect in its implica¬
tions. The Down or Mutton Breeds
or grade sheep carrying a predomin¬
ance of such breeding usually classi¬
fied as % or y4 Blood. They carried
no Merino blood, yet many believed
and some are still of the opinion
that a !4 blood fleece to so classify
must be from a sheep which carries
% or more of Merino blood. South-
down fleece will almost always grade
as % Blood (56’s). Longwool breeds
such as Lincolns, Leicesters and
Cotswolds produce common and
braid wools, sometimes called lustre
fleece. Some of the low Bloods
(46’s) come from the Longwools or
from coarser type grades or fre¬
quently Oxfords. It is no discredit,-
far from it, for a sheep to produce
a low % blood wool or common or
braid fleece, because in many mar¬
kets today such wool if clean, bright
and of good quality will outsell fine-
wool fleeces. The Fine-wool breeds
such as Merinos, Rambouillets, and
Delaines will grade as Fine and Vz
Blood.

Numerical and Commercial Grading

Wool grades are based, on com¬
parative fineness (density), condition
(strength and cleanliness), and
length of fiber. The fiber length
within a given grade will constitute
the primary basis for classification
relative to its utilization. Such
classes are called Clothing and
Combing wools. Combing wools are

Wool Grades and Classes

Blood); 44’s (Common); 40’s, 36’s
(Braid).

Tying and Packing

Tests by several investigators have
shown it is not desirable to wash
sheep prior to shearing. In wool
studies by Hammond at the Ohio
Station washing sheep did not im¬
prove quality of the wool fiber, and
did not diminish the cost of scour¬
ing at the mill. Washed sheep pro¬
duced 1.49 pounds less grease wool
per head when shorn April 12, and
2.46 pounds less per head when shorn
June 1, than did comparable Un¬
washed sheep. Sufficient premium
is not paid over unwashed wool to
cover the cost of washing and for
the loss in weight of the wool.
Research studies by Roberts,
This Champion Suffolk ram was owned and exhibited by Hob and Nob University of Edinburgh, relative to
Farm , H. Hardwick, Francestown, N .H., at the 1940 New York State Fair . cotted fleece indicates the tendency

for sheep to produce a cotted
(matted) fleece is principally con¬
stitutional. The proportion of sheep
in a given flock so affected becomes
greater with age. Improper and in¬
adequate feeding seem to be the
principal contributing causes.. In¬
heritance with a predisposition to
the condition may be of some signifi¬
cance.

Bell’s wool studies at the Ohio
Station have clarified many mislead¬
ing conceptions relative to fleece
factors. When I last discussed these
matters with Prof. Bell he mentioned
the fact that contrary to the common
existing opinion among most breed¬
er’s the Ohio Station tests show that
wrinkly, excessively greasy-fleeced
American Merino sheep may, and
in their tests actually did, produce
fewer wool fibers per square inch
of skin area than smooth bodied
American Merino sheep.

By R. W. Duck

also referred to as Staple wools. The
first process in manufacturing woolen
cloth is called carding and combing,
when the fibers so obtained are not
over 1% inches in length the fleece,
if of suitable quality, is graded as
Clothing. There are two sub-classes
of Combing wool, called French
Combing and Strictly Combing.
French Combing is from wools 1%
to 21/-> inches long, and Strictly
Combing wool has a length over 2%’
inches.

After wool leaves the carding ma¬
chines it undergoes a combing pro¬
cess during which the fibers are
combed and arranged in a parallel
position. This results in some short
fibers being combed out, called Noils.
They do not have the value of the
remaining wool, and are produced
in excessive quantity when shearing
is improperly done and second cuts

are made. The remaining combed
fibers are called Tops or Top wool.

A more accurate method and
standard was needed for grading
wool, present official standards were
therefore promulgated in 1926.
These are based on the English
system using definite spinning counts
to determine a given grade. The
grade is designated by the number
of hanks of yarn, 560 yards in
length, which can be made from one
pound of Top wool, when drawn to
its finest possible thread. Using this
as a unit basis, one pound of Top
wool correctly graded as 80’s could
be spun into 80 hanks of yarn. This
resulted in a classification on 12
numerical grades. Compared to
former Blood designations they are:
80’s 70’s, 64’s (Fine); 60’s, 58’s

( Vz Blood); 56’s (% Blood); 50’s,
48’s (x/4 Blood); 46’s (Low 14

The fleece when sheared should be
rolled flesh side out, bringing in
the ends and sides, after removing
sticks, dirt and wet or tag ends.
It should be tied with a regular wool
paper twine. Using binder twine has
resulted in considerable discrimin¬
ation against some farm fleeces. The
fibers from binder twine and jute
bags, if the wool is sacked in them,
gets into the fleece and contamin¬
ates it. These fibers make a weak
and unsightly spot in the woolen
cloth, and do not take a comparable
dye. When considerable numbers of
sheep are to be shorn it is more
satisfactory to hire a special man or
boy to attend to tying. If the shearer
is working on a price per head basis
he is not interested in making a good
roll.

Poor quality fleece and different
grades should be packed separate.
Special wool bags should be used
exclusively when the clip is to be
stored. They should be well packed
and kept in a dry place. If the
fleece is damp or contaminated with
tag ends it may cause a bad stain,
such a condition is called sack¬
burning.

Fleece Factors

Show Standards

Competition has been called the
life blood of trade. It may also be
of considerable value in its influence
on a desirable breeding program.
However, if fancy and uneconomic
points are stressed to the detriment
or disregard of utility considerations
it will have an adverse effect. Not
only has natural wool grease been
unduly emphasized at many of our
leading sheep shows, but in some in¬
stances it has seemed to form the
principal basis for placing, especi¬
ally in the Merino classes. Whether
this has been the fault of the judges
or exhibitors, or both, the fact re¬
mains that artificial greasing and
blacking should be, and at leading
fairs now is, being sharply dis¬
criminated against.

The wool studies of Hultz and
Paschal of the Wyoming Station
relative to Rambouillet show sheep
present some interesting conclusions.
Since the champion Rambouillets of
either sex exhibited at the Inter¬
national for the three years of this
study were not above average in
the fleece characteristics studied, it
may be assumed the deciding factor
in their selection for championship
honors was determined by charac¬
teristics other than fleece.

Breed Considerations

Roberts studies for the Woolen and

This two-year-old Oxford ram owned by George Lohr, holding, Waterloo,
Seneca County, New York, was a prominent prize winner on the 1939-40

fair circuits.

This Grand Champion Southdown wether at the Chicago International
in 1939 was exhibited by Penna. State College. He is sired by the noted
breeding ram Luton Hoo “678 ojf 36” — 96500.

It* RURAL NEW-YORKER

439

Worsted Industries, British Research
Association, relative to Kemp in the
fleece of the Welsh Mountain Sheep
show that Kemp differs funda¬
mentally .from the wool fibers com¬
posing the body of the fleece. The
important distinction being in the
origin and method of growth. A
tendency to produce the objection¬
able short white hairy fibers, called
Kemp, seems to be inherited, and
breeding sheep with this undesira-
able characteristic should be culled
from the flock. Roberts also refers
to Kemp as dark colored stiff fibers.
Welsh Mountain Sheep compose
about 10 per cent of Great Britain’s
sheep population, and have a fre¬
quent tendency to produce Kempy
fleece. Scattered colored fibers
throughout a fleece are very ob¬
jectionable from a manufacturing
consideration. Some breeders *of
black-faced sheep have found it
constructive to follow a selective
breeding program to assist in elimin¬
ating this undesirable fleece factor.

Some have found wool improve¬
ment in the black-faced breeds can
be accomplished by observing the
time required for the lambs to
change from their black birth-coat
to their secondary wool. The com¬
parative time involved in this physio¬
logic characteristic is apparently in¬
dicative of the amount of black
fibers which will later appear in the
body of the mature fleece. If a time
check is made on the lambs relative
to this consideration, and only the
more rapidly color changing lambs
are retained for later breeding re¬
placements the appearance of black
fibers in the fleece may be materially
reduced. Fine-wool sheep seldom
have any Kemp in their fleece. With
any of the breeds selective breeding
replacement, based on fineness of
fleece has been shown to materially
lower the occurence of Kemp.

Wilson of the California Station
has demonstrated that a sharp
differentiation should be made be¬
tween medullated fibers in a fleece
and Kemp. Kemp is shed in the
fleece while the medullated fiber is
not. Medullated fibers seem to be
more common among the coarser
wool breeds, and are found most fre¬
quently in the wool around the lower
part of the thigh. It is objectionable
because it may cause serious diffi¬
culties in manufacturing processes.
It is partially responsible for wide
deviations from the mean diameter
of fiber in the fleeces in which it
occurs. Ewes or rams with this ten¬
dency should not be retained in the
breeding flock.

The studies relative to wool
characters and their inheritance by
Davenport and Ritzman of the New
Hampshire Station show among
other considerations that there is no
significant correlation between crimp
and diameter of fiber; but there is
a positive correlation between per¬
cent of crimp and length of fiber;
probably largely due to the fact that
other things being equal, the more
crimp the more the fiber can be
elongated. Close crimp is a desirable
characteristic.

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for June 1941 is $1.95 for 3.5 per
cent milk in the 200-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
class prices: Class 1 (fluid milk in market¬
ing area) $2.40; Class 1 (outside non-
federal) $2.35; Class 1 (relief) $1.83; Class

2- A (fluid cream) $2.15 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,927; 2-C,
$1,877; 3-A, $1,879; 3-B. $1,827; 3-C, $1,657;

3- D, $1,602; 4-A, $1,527; 4-B, $1,572.

Fluid sales for the whole month of May,

1941 amounted to 243.852.454 pounds and
there was a total of 700,078,105 pounds of
milk in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15 cents;
28 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 35y2to 36(4c; 91 to 92
score, 34(4 to 35(/4c; 88 to 90 score, 34 to
34 'Ac; unsalted, best, 36%c; 90 to 92 score,
34% to 35%c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 33'/2c; specials,
30 (4c; standards, 29c; firsts, 28(4c; under¬
grades, 27 (4c; exchange mediums, 30c;
Pacific Coast specials, 36c; standards, 34c;
mediums, 33c; brown, extra fancy, 34(4c;
specials, 30(4c; standards, 29c; mediums,
30c; duck eggs, 28c.

LIVE POULTRY

Fowls, 23c; chickens, 21 to 23c; turkeys,
23c; guineas, pair $1; roosters, 15c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 26c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 32c;
ducks, 15 (4 c; roosters, 18c; squabs, 36c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $12; bulls, $9.50; cows, $7.50;
calves, $14; sheep, $4; lambs, $12.50; hogs,
$11.50.

VEGETABLES

Asparagus, crate, $2; stringbeans, bu„
$1.50; beets, bu„ 75c; cabbage, 1(4 bu„
75c; carrots, bu., 75c; cauliflower, crate,
$2; celery, doz. bunches, 60c; sweet corn,
100, $1.75; cucumbers, bu.. $2; eggplants,
bu., $2.25; lettuce, crate, $1.50; lima beans,
bu., $1; onions, 50 lbs., $2; peas, bu., $1.25-
peppers, bu„ $1.25; radishes, bu., $1-
spinach, bu., $1; squash, bu„ $1; tomatoes,
12-qt. crate, $1.25; 20-qt„, $2.25; water

cress, bunch, 5c; potatoes, new, 100 lbs.,
$2; sweet potatoes, bu„ $2.25.

FRUITS

Apples, new, bu., $1.25; muskmelons,
crate, $1; cherries, qt„ 12c; blackberries,
qt., 20c; currants, qt„ 20c; gooseberries,
qt., 18c; huckleberries, qt.. 25c; cultivated,
pt., 20c; raspberries, pt., 20c; peaches, bu„
$1.50; watermelons, each 50c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, timothy, $23; No. 2, $21;

No. 3. $18; clover mixed, $25; straw, oat
and wheat, $15.

GRAIN

Wheat. No. 2, red, $1.237/8; corn. No. 2,
yellow, 90%c; oats. No. 2, 48'Ac; rye, 72%c;
barley, 73c.

FEED

Bran, $31; middlings, $32.50; hominy,
$35.10; cottonseed meal, $38.60; linseed
meal, $28.

ROCHESTER FEED MARKET

Bran, $28.25; middlings, $32.50; wheat,
$1.02; rye, 62c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 45c; eggs, 45 to 50c; stringbeans,
lb., 12c; peas, lb., 15c; cherries, lb., 15c;
huckleberries, qt., 25c; blackberries, qt.,
18c; peaches, lb., 8c; muskmelons, each 15c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 38c; eggs, 32c; live fowls, 23c;
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 26c; chickens,
29c; squabs. 36c; apples, new, bu., $1;
onions, 50 lbs., $1.75; mushrooms, 3 lbs.,
$1; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.50; peaches, (4
bu., $1; tomatoes. 12-qt. bkt., 50c.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 35%c; eggs. 29c; hens, 22c;
chickens, 21c; ducks. 15c; apples, bu„ 90c;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.75; hay, $16.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.75; bulls, $9.25; cows, $8;
calves, $12; sheep, $4.50; lambs, $12; hogs,
$11.50.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.25; bulls, $9.50; cows, $8.50;
calves, $12; sheep, $5; lambs, $12; hogs,
$11.50.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 3614c; eggs, 39c; dressed fowls,
25c; chickens, 23c; turkeys, 31c; apples,
bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs., $2.20; aspara¬
gus, 2-doz. bunches, $2.50; wool, 44c.

1 . - ll 1 >

“ \ ‘ t ® , ■■

Seven calves in two years and two months and an Advanced Register
record of 12,970.8 pounds of milk and 532.6 pounds of butterfat is the record
of Bay State Julie, registred Guernsey cow owned by Massachusetts State
College. A little more than two years ago Julie gave birth to her first par
of twins, 11 months later the second twins were born and 14 months after
that the present triplets arrived. Julie is shown here with her triplet
Guernsey calves that have been named Bay State Patience Perhaps

and Pat. 3

AY RSHIRES

ALTA CREST AYRSHIRES

Fresh cows, cows to freshen soon, others well
along in lactation and bred to our noted herd
sires. One or a carload priced to fit every need.

LIBERAL TERMS - EASY PAYMENTS IF DESIRED

Massachusetts Bang's Free Herd No. 39.

ALTA CREST FARMS - SPENCER, MASS.

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
with stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.

96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. V.

FOR SALE: REG. GUERNSEYS

females, ages from 1 year to 6 years old. Also a
few Reg. Bull calves for sale from 600 lb. Dams.
Herd fully accr. and Blood Tested. Prices Reasonable.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS. Delhi, New York

• FOR SALE - GUERNSEYS*

We have many fine bull calves that should be raised.
Write for our calf plan. IDEAL GUERNSEY

FARMS, AUGUSTA. SUSSEX CO.. NEW JERSEY

Civ Ii veanlinnsllv large registered, bloodtested
OIX exceptionally Guernsey heiferp due this
fall at reasonable prices. Also Dorset rams and Angus

bulls. JAMES S. MORSE, LEVANNA, NEW YORK

| SHORTHORNS

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

With World’s Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world’s records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce 4% milk economical-
ly. have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months 50c; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORTHORN SOCIETY. Dept. F-2. CHICAGO, ILL.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS |

1 HHBT

For Sale

Four bred three year old Angus cows, 1
three year old registered bull.

C. H. BARTLETT, Springfield Center, N. Y.

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Anguj beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen- Angus Breeders' Axsociation. Col¬
lege Park, Md. , or Eastern Aberdeen- Angus Breeders'
Association, Ithaca. New York.

ARFRnFFN-ANflirc Offering young commercial cows
rtDLtivULLll nllUUJwith calves. Bred two year olds,
yearling heifers. Registered bulls. Clean herd.

CAMPBELL FARMS, LA GRANGEVILLE, N. Y.

.\ DOGS .*. • | ]

Registered or Non-Registered English Shepherd

puppies from natural heel driving parents and good 1
watch dogs. HIRAM LOUCKS, Berlin Height, Ohio

CT RFRNARTK A11 breeds, details free!! Book:
dx. UU\lirtl\PJ photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

I3FREBRED COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.

Jt Non-Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably
priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

^ 1 1 1 C C Sable; excellent breeding; all .

w w 1 ^ ages, SI 5.00 up. COL’LOVER

KENNELS, 1 60S East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

l|andsome black Cocker Spaniel puppies, eight weeks .
"males $10. Females $6. Reds or buffs $2. extra. The
best guaranteed. Elm View Kennels, St. Albans, Vt. 1

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups StUl*'Zr*0a$?el"m ]

fireut Dana Princ ReS- $35. up. Time payments. i

ureai Dane rups farmholm. New paitz, n. y. i

RELIABLE SHEPHERDS i

mi I IFS Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right. ,

UvLLlEj TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York ’

Rpo Pnllipc-Rpaolpc aU ases any color. Woodland f
I\cg. tomes Deagies Farms, Hastings, New York 5

Three months collies; other farm pups; females cheap.

• MAI DA PUTNAM, GRAFTON, MASSACHUSETTS |

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct, ^
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt. ,

Reg. and unreg. cocker puppies; red and black. Sat. .
guar. Reasonable. Kenneth Robinson, St. Albans, Vt.

Registered long eared black-tan fox and coonhound !'

n pups. CARL RAUCH, FLORENCE, MASS.

SHEEP

HAMPSHIRE RAMS Es.^u SSK *

$15.00; two yearling rams. First Prize and Gmnd I
Champions at Danbury Fair $75.00 each. Write — $

FRANK SILVERNAIL, Supt., Hyde Park, New York -

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS • 1

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

Trv K A R A Kill FS once y°*1 Will grow no

try n/VD/kltUL.ILiJ others. The best sheep grown
flr- Oome and see them. Rams, Lambs and Ewes.

LE ROY KUNEY, - ADRIAN, - MICHIGAN ^

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

fORRIFDAIF Pal)*s- -tH ages; farmers’ prices.

V/UIMULLimX j. h. Whitmore, Mt. Morris, N. Y.

GOATS I

Goats For * Cood grade Swiss;

„ “le * Saanen. Low Prices.

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Road, Washington, N. J.

T'tAYfi Nubian buck kids, twelve weeks old. IF’roni Tm- 3
ityw p0l.ted registered parents. High quality. Will
sell or trade. ROBERT ADAMS, BATH, NEW YORK

c3iiBiANnK«An”T G0.AJS 0>jt of prize stock. Herbert
Gericke, 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond, S. 1. N. Y.

MILK GOATS Toege.nbl.r8 anJ-' Saanens, sold on ap-

uv/mu proval. Pony Farm, Himrod, N. Y.

Mature purebred reg. Toggenburg Doelings. breeding „
age. reasonable. Hinelander Goat Dairy, Allendale, N. J. 3

SWINE

CHESTER WHITES

Now is the time to buy new blood. Spring Boars with
grand champion blood on both sides $50.00. Boars
farrowed in May sired by Rainbow Lad from our top
gilts $30.00. Young boars to use on crosses or to
improve herds without papers $20.00.
DENTON’S FARM. FLANDERS, NEW JERSEY
(Office One West 57th Street, New York City)

SPRING PIGS FOR SALE

Thrifty, rugged stock of exceptional quality.
Berkshire and Chester crossed or > 6 weeks old $4.75

Yorkshire and Chester crossed i 7-8 weeks old $5.00
Chester Whites $5.25 each. All orders carefully filled.
Will ship 2 or more C. O. L>.

Woburn, Massachusetts

Strong, Vigorous Pigs (All Breeds)

2-3-4 months $6; $6.50; $7; $7.50 each. All vaccinated

CHESWOLD, DEL.

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

LAWN FARMS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D ; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

LEXINGTONr MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

well grown, breeding stock.

Chester Whites, Ches¬
ter, Berkshire. York-

RFH nilROfS FaI1 Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
uLiU. LMJIxUvO Pattington. Scipio Center. New York

HORSES and PONIES |

Disposing of Our Small Herd of

Silloa and Laet breeding.

BELGIAN HORSES

• MORGAN PONIES*

HAN STALLION

. 2000 lbs. Bred in Belgium. Imported in dam.
A real Belgian and ready for service.

Pair of Suffolk mares, five
and six years old. Well

MINKS

SELLING 200 MINKS

SHOP BOOK

By Louis M. Roehl

A revised guide to

This hook contains

woodwork tools.

furniture,

A 422 page cloth

Price $2.48

5c Sales Tax for New York City Residents.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
W 30th Street - New York Chy

440

‘Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

A Bright Blue Door

Have you ever thought of paint¬
ing your front door a bright color?
It is an architect’s trick that is so
smart and effective we wonder that
more women do not grab up a paint
brush and paint their old doors. We
know of nothing that gives a house
a more up-to-date look, at small
cost. Paint the door either a bright
blue or green. Red is also stunning.
Add a brass knocker, and your house
will look ten years younger. r. b. r.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“My hobby is crocheting, tatting
and collecting china dogs or any
kind of little dogs. I would like to
hear from others who have hobbies.”

New York mrs. d. w.

Where the Earth

Far beyond the haste and harshness
Of the clanging city street,

Is a place where God and nature
Form a harmony complete.

Oh, the fields are fresh and holy
And the wood winds, wild and
sweet,

Blow around the home of childhood
Where the earth and heaven meet.

and Heaven Meet

To my heart the hills are calling
Like a voice from far away,

And I long for rest and freedom
From the tasks that bid me stay.
Oh, the grass on lonely summits
Is a boon to weary feet,

And I long for time to tarry
Where the earth and heaven meet.

Zuella Sterling

From — The N. H. Troubadour

“I would like to exchange needle-
craft, knitting and crocheting ideas
with middleaged women.”

New York mrs. m. s.

“I would like to correspond with
mothers of boys.” mrs. w. e. m.
Pennsylvania

“I would like to exchange quilt
blocks, and for slips of “youth and
old age” also known as Calico
Begonia.” mrs. m. t.

Pennsylvania

Cheese-Making at Home

A reader asks for information on
cheese-making, other than cottage
cheese. She says: “When I was a
little girl, I remember strawberry
boxes hung by cords from the cellar
rafters, and what those boxes con¬
tained were cheeses, each in its own
box, and about the size of a large
potato cake. They were very creamy
and I think had butter and salt on
the outside. They were the most
delectable morsels I ever tasted.
Could any of your readers tell me
how these cheeses were made? Time
for ripening, etc.?”

Home Made Ice Cream

If you’re a farm wife who can use
plenty of good cream and fresh eggs,
and own an electric refrigerator,
you aren’t making the most of your
opportunities if you don’t have a tray
or two of delicious ice cream avail¬
able most of the time. The cost of
a tray of ice cream is only a few
cents, and we can’t give our families
a better food more packed with
nourishment and vitamins. I have
two pet methods of making ice
cream, both simple and both delici¬
ous.

Vanilla Ice Cream. — Dissolve one
cup granulated sugar in IV2 cups of
top milk. Beat yolks and whites of
two eggs separately. Beat until thick
1/2 pint of heavy cream. Com¬
bine all, add a pinch of salt and a
teaspoon of vanilla. Pour into
freezing tray. Stir once or twice as
it starts to freeze, and chill until
firm. This recipe may be varied in
many ways. -To make a fruit ice
cream, as strawberry or raspberry,
dissolve the cup of sugar in 1 Vz
cups of the crushed fruit, rather than
the top milk. To make peppermint
stick ice cream, crush two or three
sticks of peppermint candy and add
to the top milk and sugar. To make
maple nut ice cream, add maple
flavoring instead of vanilla, and
1/2 a cup broken nut meats.

My other favorite basic recipe calls
for the use of 14 pound marsh¬
mallows and I make it as follows.
For chocolate mallow ice cream, heat
in top of double boiler one cup top
milk, one ounce bitter chocolate,
and Vz cup granulated sugar.
When chocolate is melted, beat with
egg beater to get smooth. Add 14
pound marshmallows and let them
melt. Add a teaspoon vanilla, a
pinch of salt, and allow to cool.
Then add Vz pint heavy cream beaten
until stiff. Freeze in tray, stirring
once or twice until firm. This can
be varied slightly to make a delici¬
ous coffee ice cream. Instead of using
chocolate, heat in top of double
boiler Vz cup strong coffee, Vz cup
top milk, and Vz cup sugar. Add the
% pound marshmallows and allow
to melt. Cool, then add the vanilla,
salt, and whipped cream. Grape ice
cream is easily made this, way and
will delight the youngsters with its
lovely color. In top of double boiler
heat one cup grape juice, Vz cup
sugar, and 14 pound marshmallows.
Proceed as in other recipes, omitting
the vanilla. mrs. a. w. p.

The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet
Contest

“Come to the Fair” on August 25th
and show your prowess with a
crochet needle. As announced in the
last issue, The Rural New-Yorker,
in cooperation with the National
Needlecraft Bureau, Inc., is sponsor¬
ing a speed crochet contest to be
held in the Harriet May Mills Build¬
ing at the State Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.,
on August 25th.

To enter this contest send in the
entry blank below right now. In
return you will receive complete in¬
formation together with a picture of
the pattern (illustrated here) and
directions. The earlier you send your
entry coupon in, the sooner you will
be able to work on the pattern and
develop your speed. All coupons
must T>e post marked not later than
August 17th.

This is the Contest Pattern.

The rules of the contest are simple
and the rewards in cash, fame and
fun are worth working for. Every
contestant will use the same size
crochet cotton and hook and furnish
her own materials. Clark’s O.N.T.
and J. & P. Coats Mercerized Crochet
Cottons size 20 have been chosen as
the official threads, and a No. 9
crocheting needle, preferably Mil-
ward’s is to be used. This puts every¬
one on an equal basis.

The winner will be the one who
crochets the greatest number of
medallions of the pattern in one
hour, starting and stopping at the
time signal. She will not only re¬
ceive a cash prize of $25 but also
the coveted title, “Lady Nimble
Fingers.” A second prize of $15 and
a third prize of $10 will also be
awarded. In case of a tie, the award
will be given for the best piece of
work, determined by the judges. So
have a care for quality as well as
quantity. As we go to press well over
100 entries have been received.

Extra Dollars

Lately I have been thinking about
some of the things my friends are
doing to add to farm incomes, and
I believe some of these ways are
worth passing along. Many of the
ideas are not at all new, but unusual
methods have brought an added
measure of success and are well
worth observing.

Raising tomato plants for sale is
not new but handling them so they
produce tomatoes two weeks ahead
of the earliest varieties has paid
one woman well. Seeds are started
very early and the seedlings trans¬
planted into small flower pots. Orders
must be placed ahead of time, so
the soil may be thoroughly damp¬
ened, and the plants with soil-packed
roots are slipped from the pots,
which she uses year after year. Full
instructions go with each purchase;
set in deep holes these plants do
not even wilt down. I have set them
out loaded with blossoms and a tiny
tomato without one loss. Fifteen
cents a dozen is the customary price
for plants; she receives 50 cents
per dozen. Her customers return
year after year, bringing others.
Though she increases her operations
each year, her supply never meets
demands.

One woman specializes in making
a high-grade horseradish. She selects
only good healthy roots. Carefully
washing and grating these she adds
one-half teaspoon of salt to each
quart of ground horseradish and
vinegar to cover. She uses distilled
vinegar because of its lightness in
color. Her product is tightly sealed
in attractive small jars, bearing a
neat label and placed in grocery
stores and meat markets.

One woman capitalizes on her
blue ribbon cakes. She caters to
business women who do not have
time to bake the kind of cakes they
like to serve. In the beginning she
called on these women with daintily
wrapped samples — first impressions
are important! She decorates these
cakes in keeping with the season,
or according to the occasion or whim
of her customers. Her fruit cakes
she makes around Thanksgiving
from an heirloom recipe well over
one hundred years old, and stores
them away to achieve that incom¬
parable flavor that aging alone can
impart.

Her family gone and a big house
standing idle, one enterprising
woman turned her lovely home in¬
to a party house where one may in¬
vite a few friends for breakfast or
hold a wedding reception. Her fluffy
omelets and delectable chicken are
the talk of the town. Located on a
good highway, well out of town, it
is an ideal spot. While her prices
are nominal, she markets her farm
products for a tidy sum well above
market. z. N.

Nebraska

Entry in R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest

Name .

Address . ' .

Date — .

July 26, 1941

In Emergencies

Do you know what to do and how
to do it when an accident occurs?
It is what is done at the moment
that an emergency arises that often
matters the most.

If a fire should break out where
you are remember that the space
near the floor is freest from smoke
so it is better to crawl out than
walk out. A wet towel held over
your nose and mouth wil help pre¬
vent swallowing smoke. If clothing
is on fire rolling, not running, will
help to put it out. Roll on the floor — •
over and over — or better still, grab
a blanket or rug and roll up tight
in it.

If skin is burned slightly shake
baking soda all over it. If you have
no soda but can find some oil, use
that. The idea is to keep air away
from the exposed nerves. Don’t put
water on a burn unless it was caused
by a fluid, not a flame. For a bad
burn, call a doctor at once!

If you feel faint, .put your head
down between your knees and hold
it there. If anyone near you faints
away lay him flat on his back with
nothing under his head. Give plenty
of air and loosen any tight belts or
collars.

By the way, did you know that
your likelihood of fainting when in
swimming could be tested out? It’s
a good thing to find out before you
plunge into a cold stream or a lake
what your resistence is. And this
is how: Put a chunk of ice on the
inner side of your arm just below
your elbow. Leave it there while
you slowly count to sixty. Take it
off. If your arm is just red, all right.
But if it swells up then avoid
entering very cold water, for you’ll
be apt to faint (so says a prominent
doctor) .

If anyone else faints in the water
or is so submerged as to be nearly
drowned, drag him out as fast as.
you possibly can, lay him flat on
his stomach, with his head turned
to one side, resting on a folded coat
or blanket. Get his mouth open and
give artificial respiration until
breathing is restored.

There is a book, entitled “Youth’s
Guide to Safety,” so splendid that
it is really well worth its cost of
only $1.20. It was written for
young people — because they are
naturally thoughtless — but is just
as valuable for people of any age.

With Summer’s arrival, in addition
to drowning or shock due too cold
water, there is danger from sun too.
Children and old people are par¬
ticularly susceptible to sun stroke.
It calls, of course, for prompt re¬
moval to a cool and shady spot. Lay
the victim down flat on his back.
Loosen his clothing. Dash cold water
over face and head. For heat ex¬
haustion which may follow exercise
on a hot day, or drinking ice water
when the body is too hot, apply heat
to the hands and feet and bathe the
face in warm water.

It is alway appalling to read of
accidents which bring loss of sight for
life, or flesh wounds which become
infected or result in a case of “lock
jaw.” All such wounds should be
medically treated as soon as possible,
even though they are slight.

For smaller skin breaks, such as
the scratch of a kitten or the pierc¬
ing of a splinter, squeeze out as
much blood as you can, then apply
fresh iodine. Do not bandage until
the iodine has dried.

For a sprained ankle, keep weight
off it and either ice cold or very hot
clotns on it until the doctor comes.
For bumps or bruises that leave
black and blue marks but do not
break the skin, apply cloths wrung
out of cold water until the swelling
subsides, then apply hot cloths.

Beulah France, R. Ni

Uses for Milk Strainers

Put one of the cotton disks the
men strain milk through in an
ordinary strainer and pour your
fats through that you have fried
fish or doughnuts in and the fat
clears. Pour the meat juice through
to make gravy and it takes a lot of
the fat off.

And you can find a lot more ideas
as you go along. You can buy them
at most any hardware store for a
few pennies and they are real
handy. d. s.

fh* RURAL NEW-YORKER

441

Grandma’s Easy Pickles

Looking over grandmother’s old
day book, with her recipes copied
in it so carefully, I noticed that she
used the easy method of making her
pickles and relishes. And they were
just as good as if she had cooked
them for half an hour or longer
which meant a lot when she had to
lean over a hot stove in Summer,
to stir them, or seal in jars.

Cucumber Salad. — (My sister and
1 both put up cucumbers by this
method every year when they are
inexpensive, and they keep all Win¬
ter). Peel and slice enough fresh
cucumbers to almost fill a two-quart
jar, and then add: 2 onions sliced,
% cup sugar, 9 teaspoons salt, 1 cup
cold water. Fill the jar with cold
vinegar and seal.

Cold Meat Relish. — Two medium
heads of cabbage, 9 red and green
peppers, 4 large carrots, 8 medium¬
sized onions. Grind these ingredients
and add Vz cup salt. Let stand 3
hours, then drain well. Add this to
the mixture (do not heat) 3 pints
vinegar, 2 tablespoons celery seed, 2
tablespoons mustard seed, 2 pints
sugar, 1 teaspoon paprika. Mix these
well and add to first mixture. Seal
cold in glass jars.

Grandmother called this Tomato
Hot. — One peck of ripe tomatoes,
peeled, chopped and well drained,
2 cups chopped onions, 2 cups
chopped celery, 2 cups sugar, 6 cups
cold vinegar, y2 cup white mustard
seed, Vz cup salt, 4 red peppers,
chopped; 4 green peppers, chopped.
Mix together thoroughly and seal in
sterilized jars. mrs. m. p.

Maine.

Red Pepper Relish

Twelve large sweet red peppers,
one tablespoon salt, one pint vinegar,
three cups sugar.

Remove seeds from peppers, grind,
mix with salt and let stand three
hours. Drain, add the vinegar and
sugar, simmer slowly until mixture
is the consistency of a fruit jam.
Usually this takes about one hour.
Pour into sterilized glasses and seal.
Try adding this to potato salad if
you desire an unusually fine dish.

MRS. T. B.

That Extra Touch

On summer squash or on cucumber
try sour cream. At the moment of
serving add cottage cheese to clear
soup. For an easily prepared soup
combine leeks with potato, add thin
cream. If croutons are added and
a bit of marjoram or dill the family
will demand more. f. r.

My Struggles with Dieting

Long ago, in a course in Home
Economics, I learned to count calo¬
ries, but I find that is not all there
is to dieting. I like to eat, as any
healthy mortal does, and as God in¬
tended. I do not care for pie or cake,
baked beans, or hearty desserts, yet
the pounds keep accumulating.

Mine is partly a social problem.
My principle job in life is taking
care of a farmer husband and robust
growing boy. They do and should
eat heartily of energy producing (and
incidentally fattening) foods. They
eat their meals with evident relish
but in an atmosphere that discour¬
ages small talk. I am up against the
temptation of overeating in order to
be sociable.

Last Winter I tried to take
my dieting seriously and for the
present at least, I find the only way
to break up my bad habit is to eat
by myself with my food measured
out in calories before hand. At meal
times, while the family eats, I sit
in a#rocker near the table; knit Red
Cross sweaters and visit casually; or
if the head of the house isn’t
communicative, I read short articles
or stories from current magazines
aloud. I find the latter interests the
whole family and keeps me from
feeling left out.

I have tried having two meals; a
warm one about 9:30 A. M. and a
cold lunch about 3:30 P. M. Eating
leisurely and chewing thoroughly
makes the pleasure of eating last
longer. I do not deny myself high
caloried foods if I can make the
calories come out right at the end
of the day. Of course the protective
foods must be planned for in suffi-
cent quantitnes.

As I am really trying to solve this
problem of diet for myself, I am
keeping a diary, to show the pitfalls
and record the successes. At the end
of each meal, I write down in this
diary the foods, amounts, and calo¬
ries, and add them up for the day.
I work out combinations of foods
that I especially like and repeat
them.

I cannot follow the menus sug¬
gested by dietitians exactly because
we live almost entirely on home-
raised foods, which eliminates such
things as oranges, grapefruit and
winter lettuce. Fortunately I do not
care for variety except seasonal va¬
riety. If I like a thing, I like it over
and over in season.

Are there readers of the R. N.-Y.
Woman’s Page who could help me
suggestions for dieting using ex¬
clusively home-raised foods? I should
be glad to hear from them.

New Hampshire n. k. w

Sunshine Iced Coffee

Six tablespoons powdered sugar, 1
cup orange juice, 1 cup heavy cream
whipped, 1 teaspoon vanilla flavor¬
ing, 4 cups freshly-made hot coffee,
cracked ice.

Add half the sugar to the orange
juice, stir until dissolved. Fold the
remaining sugar into . the whipped

cream; add the vanilla. Pour the
sweetened orange juice into the
freezing tray of an automatic re¬
frigerator and the cream mixture
on top. Freeze until firm.

Put a spoonful of the frozen mix¬
ture in bottom of a glass. Add hot
coffee. Stir and put a spoonful of the
frozen mixture on top.

Sunshine Iced Coffee as a Dessert Beverage.

Get silk stockings

and

many

other

premiums

with

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Use Enriched Pillsbury's Best . . . Bake-proved to protect your baking!

ow to make
dozen chocolate oatmeal

.Sift and measured bak"ng powder (or* A

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sacked brown Add 2 sqs. (2 ozs.)

5. Add 1 egg; beat,rt. melted and cooled;
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mix well. 4 Add dry ngred.ents a^d } ^
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Frost when coH- ^^^^^savers mTa hot,
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Minneapolis, Minnesota, for Thrift Star Booklet which shows and describes all premiums.

KILL ALL FLIES

Placed anywhere. Daisy Fly
Killer attracts and kills flies.
Guaranteed, effective. Neat,
convenient — Cannot spill —
Wiilnot soil or injure anything.
Lasts ali season. 20c at all
dealers. Harold Somers, Inc.,
130 De Kalb Ave.,B’klyn.N.Y.

DAISY FLY KILLER

PERSONAL
CHRISTMAS
CARDS
with Name

5OF0Bil

Show big value $1 Box
21-Assorted Christmas Cards to
friends. You make 60c. Many others
easy-to-sell Christmas Assortments. I
Personal Christmas Cards at 60 for $1.1
and big DeLuxe Personal line. Alsol
special money -raising plan o _
for clubs, church groups, OdlTipicS
etc. Start earning at once.

Get FREE Sample Outfit.

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WETMORE & SUGDEN, Inc.. Dept. 667
749 Monroe Avenue, Rochester, N. Y.

EXTRA MONEY PLANTS

card assortment. Nine fast-selling boxes cost 50c up.
Deal with Leader. 62 Personal Cards. Bonus. Experi¬
ence unnecessary. Special Offer. Samples on approval.

DOE H LA. Dept. 20-A, FITCHBURG. MASS.

MEN WANTED

Leading Farm paper in
East has protected terri-
I tory open in New England
and Pennsylvania for men
with car to do subscription
work. Many men in our
sales force have been
with us for years, and
have done well. All
year work, good earnings.
References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER,

333 West 30th Street
New York City

442

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

July 26. 1941

July 1541

OUR

B0Y5
GIRLS

arranged by

VIOLET AW ELSIE

Drawn by Winifred Buck, Rhode Island

MEMORY VERSE

LAST QUARTER

Once when the earth-gnawed moon rose
late and spilled

Its light on the flanking maples and wheel-
tracked dust

Of the valley road, and half-blue hills
were filled

Above the river mist with silver rust.

I stopped my casual footprints in the dew:

Knee-deep in grass with the meadow-
rooted tree.

I stood as still as the windless plumes of
rue.

As washed in heaven as I shall ever be.

By Frances Frost
Taken from “Road to America.”

Drawn by Winifred Buck, Rhode Island

Dear Friends of “Our Page.” — Until
several months ago I had not the slightest
idea that such a wonderful magazine as
“The Rural New-Yorker” existed. I like
the articles on farm life and the page de¬
voted to children.

I live on my grandfather’s small farm
16 miles from Cleveland. During the
Summer I help sell his fruits and vegetables.

I have traveled a great deal the last
few years and have been in all the States
east of the Mississippi River. Am 16 and
would enjoy receiving letters from any¬
one who likes classical music, reading or
travel. — Faye Phoner, Ohio.

Dear Boys and Girls. — My Pop owns a
farm in Millerton, N. Y. We go there every
Summer but because we don’t have a
furnace, in the Winter we stay in the

city. Then we go to the farm weekends
and holidays. , , , .

I own a lamb and the whole family
owns a Brown Swiss cow who is going

to have a calf next year The lamb is

going to be sold next Fall to the butcher.

We rent the whole 176 acre farm to our
neighbor .except for the barns and garden
and house. We have part of a lake, a

pond and part of the ten mile river so
we have plenty of space in which to swim.
— Dudley Hartung, N. Y.

Dear “Our Page.” — We have taken “The
Rural New-Yorker” for six years and I
have enjoyed every issue of “Our Page.”

I am 18 years old and live on a farm
near a small town. Am home alone almost
all day and therefor do not have much to
do except read and write letters, so won’t
you all write to me? — Adella McKay, N. Y.

Dear Readers of “Our Page.” — I am a
girl of 14 years and attend district school.
My hobbies are typing, drawing and sing¬
ing and yodeling. I live on a 91 acre farm
and work picking berries for our neighbors.

I enjoy very much, reading the letters on
“Our Page” and also like the drawings of
the boys and girls.

I would like it very much if some one
about my age would write to me. — Rose
Marie Wilson, New York.

Dear Friends. — I am only one of many
girls and boys who read “Our Page,” but,
I think I may say for anyone of you that
ft is an everlasting enjoyment. I have
been reading it for two years now.

Am 14 and live in a city that all of you
have heard of, Niagara Falls. Many of you
have visited here probably. If you haven’t
you had better come and see the Falls.
I can assure you that they are breath

I would like to hear from anyone, both
boys and girls. — - Ruth Hewitt, New York.

Drawn by Jean Dillon, New Jersey

June 28. — I went to my first air meet
today. What fun! The planes are fully
as graceful as birds. Some of them I
watched with my heart in my mouth. One
man did practically everything anyone
could do with a plane. He did barrel rolls,
figure eights, Immelman turns and flew
upside down. Then he flew a few feet off
the ground and went straight up over the
airport. One stunt he did gave everyone
a turn for a minute. On the far side of
the airport was a little hill. Back of it
was' a runway that no one realized was
there. So when he swooped down to it
it looked just as if he was going to crash
into the trees but after a minute he same
out from behind the hill and every¬

body drew a deep breath.

There was a parachute jumper too. They
went very high before the man jumped
out. I have often thought it must take a
bit of courage to do that. It’s seldom that
the ’chute won’t open but supposing it
didn’t.

Just to round up a beautiful day we
went to see “I Wanted Wings” which we
enjoyed very much. So in one day we
had plenty of airplanes.

June 29. — I went down to my favorite
riding stable just to look around and found
the owner very sad because some one
had broken his favorite horse’s leg. It is
fortunate that it wasn’t a bad break but
as it is she will have to be in a plaster
cast for three months and then can never
be ridden again. He just wants to have
her around as a pet. I think I would do
the same thing too.

He has two or three dogs who can do
tricks and some goats as well as cats and
two monkeys. It’s a lot of fun to go there
if you like animals the way I do. — “Porgie.”

LETTERS WANTED

Letters to persons whose names appear
under this heading should be sent to Violet
and Elsie Unger, 333 West 30th St. with
the name and state for whom the letter
is intended on the outside of the envelope.
The address will be completed and letters
forwarded. Unstamped letters will not be
mailed.

Eleanor Riter (15), New York; Faye
Phoner (16), Ohio; Jean Barringer (15),
New York; Adella McKay (18), New York:
Louise Pomelow, Maine; Jeannette Glow.
New York; Rhea Brown (14), Penna.; Jean
Douglass (17), Mass.; Theresa Noonan (14).
New York; Barbara Kent (16), Conn.;
Mildred Saure (13), New York; Mildred Gallo
(16), New Jersey; Ruth Hewitt (14), New
York; Rose Marie Wilson (14), New York;
Dorothy Dillenbeck (7), New York; Elma
Robinson (14), Penna.; Martha Osterman
(12), Maryland; Joyce Butler (12), Vt.

cvssw

Pen and Ink — By Charlotte Simmonds, Vermont

Dale Temple — By Jean Dillon, New Jersey

TV4F BftTTlSH -RMylPVGf
ARE A U>T Co* Uf.

L.U.T5 I Oo SoKETritVtf. poK
-tUEtf, CPWc 70 TVfg- f0^
« gat B Rt TAX v

/ 1 '

British Tommy — By Dudley Hartung, N. Y.

At Camp — By Dorothy Riter, New York

My Little Friend — By Jean Louise Himrod,
Penna.

BA bT

Barefoot Days — By Mary Pease, New York Baby Joan — By Dorothy Riter, New York

Qpl G-/M4 Z- V&EMS

Drawn by Dorothy Riter, New York
THINK OF IT

If Winter comes with sleet and snow
Then there will be Spring before you know,
Trees with all their finery white,

’Tis beauty enjoyed by warm hearts delight.
So think of the Spring and then of Winter
For then you’ll enjoy all without a whimper.

By Henrietta Buhler, Conn.

SUNSET

A row

Of trees is

Motionless against

The sky, a silhouette of black

On twilight blue, a

Filigree

Through which
The sun is
Seen in particles.

A strip of red, a flash of blue.

The banners of a
Falling monarch
Blaze defiant
In the sunset sky.

By Anna Kemesies, New York

IN MEMORY OF MY OLD FRIEND

Many are the days we have worked together.
Dear old Bob and I.

We’ve worked our way through life and
weather,

Dear ofd Bob and I.

I remember the first day I saw him,
Down by the old pine tree.

He was so poor I thought I would show him
What a good horse he could be.

So I brought him home to shelter
And fed him well, you see.

He began to feel a bit better,

And soon was smart as a bee.

Over life’s highway we traveled,

Dear old Bob and I.

And everyone stood and marveled
At dear old Bob and I.

Oh, sleep my worthy old pardner.

Sleep as you n’er did before.

Sleep with that e’erlasting slumber
While I rest with the memories of yore.

By Lawrence Perkins, Maine

4-H FORUM

Dear Boys and Girls. — I enjoy reading
“Our Page” very much. I am 12 years
old and am in the eighth grade. My hobby
is studying wild life, trees and flowers. I
also catch baby pond turtles. They are
very interesting to watch. My club is the
“Busy Fingers 4-H Club.” Our project is
sewing and we meet every two weeks.
We have 12 members.

My home is a 127 acre farm and my
father is a breeder of purebred Ayrshire
cattle. — Jean Louise Himrod, Penna.

Dear Friends. — I have read “Our Page” for
several years and have finally gotten around
to writing to you. Am 15 years old and
will be a sophomore in high school in the
Fall. I like to read and draw very much
and have belonged to the 4-H Club for
six years. I plan to exhibit things at the
County Fair, such as baked articles, vege¬
tables, clothing and flowers. I am vice-
president of our club, “The Jolly Jokers.”
Would like to have some more pen-pals. —
Eleanor Riter, New York.

Drawn by Mary Pease, New York

July 4th, this year, I think has meant
a lot more to most of us. I think that
everyone stopped and thought, when they
popped off a firecracker, just why and
what they were celebrating that day. That
for 165 years we have been a free country.
And perhaps we thought of the brave men
and women who gave their lives before
us to make that so. Now we have become
a strong nation in the nearly 449 years
since Columbus first discovered America.
Let us see that we all stay strong and
loyal to each other and to our country.

And now for REUNION NEWS. The
coming reunion will be held at the home
of Anna and Elsie Springer near Middle-
town, Penna. Anyone interested please
write to Amy Springer Porr, Sec., R. No. 1,
Hershey, Penna. Now that plans are made
for the 1941 Reunion, anyone interested in
having the next one next year please step
forward.

Send all contributions to Violet and
Elsie Unger, 333 West 30th St., New York,
N. Y., before the fourth of the month if
intended for that month. Letters received
later than this date will have to be held
over until the next issue of “Our Page.”
We are glad to hear from you at any time
however.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

443

YOUR FLOCK PROTECTED

AGAINST POX/^^t

Against TRACHEITIS 2c

Vaccinate your pullets — age 2 to 6
months — before infection — it costs so
little that it does not pay to risk loss of
your birds and egg income. WENE
U. S. LICENSED VACCINES are
produced by a world-famed patholo¬
gist. No physical set-back. WRITE
TODAY1 WENE Fowl Tracheitis Vac¬
cine (Chick Embryo Origin> — 100 doses
$2.50; 500 doses $10. Wene Fowl Pox
Vaccine (Chick Embryo Origin) — 100
doses 75c; 500 doses $3. U. S. Veteri¬
nary License 209. FREE BOOK on
poultry diseases — send post card.

WENE POULTRY LABORATORIES
Dept. V-523-G, VINELAND, N. J.

WENE U.S.Liccnsed VACCINES

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur.

100% live del. Postp
Large Eng Wh. Leg.

Bar. & Wh. Rocks..

R.L Reds, Rd-Rk. Cr.

New Hampshire Reds

Heavy Mixed .

Pullets Guaranteed

L. Mix $5.50. Cash or C. O. D. Write the
Reliable Plant for FREE CATALOG giving
details of our Flocks. Breeders Bloodtcsted.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Box R. McAlisterville, Pa.

100

d. Pits.

. Ckls.

Str.

$12.00

$3.00

$6.00

8.50

7.00

8.50

7.00

) 9.50

7.00

8.00

6.50

95%

Accurate.

Old

full

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, & R. I. Reds.. 7.50 9.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Breeders Bloodtested. We pay postage, guar. 95%
on all Pullets. FREE Catalog. Cash or C. O. D.

R. W. Elsasser Poultry Farm, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

MAPLE LAWN CHICKS

Hatches every Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpaid. Pits. Ckls. Str.

Large Eng. White Leghorns . $12.00 $2.00 $6.00

Barred & White Rocks . 8.50 7.00 7.00

Red-Rock Cross . 8.50 7.00 7.00

R. I. Reds & Wh. Wyandottes _ 8.50 7.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 7.50 5.50 6.00

Buy Now! Extra Quality! Bred for size and egg pro¬
duction. All Breeders Bloodtested. PR’s 90% guar.
Terms: Cash or C.O.D. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Maple Lawn Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

A. W. ULSH’S C.UJmi.t UNIX

liar. A Wh. Rocks $7.-100; N.H. Reds $7.50-100 ; Hvy.
Mixed $5.95-100. Postpaid. 100% live del. Cash or
C. O. D. All Breeders Bloodtested. Free Circular.

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Chamberlin

J POULTRY FARMS g

1 BARRED ROCKS

lin Poultry Farms, 1

PULLETS— HENS

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers!
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-
ix. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

Barron Breeding-354
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege, 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now "AAAA"
mating 40c up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM, Box 304J, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

• MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Rocks and New
Hampshires, $7.50-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

Pllllofc From New York State
* “AAvla Certified hens. 3000

Ls. c. w.

EGHOKN * certified

production bred; disease free; vaccinated; rich clover
range reared. Circular. EDWARD MAYER & SON,
Bridgehampton, Long Island, New York

GUINEA CHICKS

LINWOOD FARM, Box

day old chicks available
each Tuesday. 50 for $10.50.
391, RHINEBECK, N. Y.

Bronze; Bourbon Red. Royal Palm Poults. Choice
breeding stock. Elsie Hallock, Washington Depot, CL

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

HOME STUDY COURSE
in Fundamental Economics
To promote a more complete under¬
standing of fundamental economics, each
purchaser of “Progress and Poverty”
will be entitled to a home study
course on this subject. Ten easy lessons,
each covering a reading assignment in
the book. Your answers are corrected
and commented upon by trained men.
There is no extra charge for this course.
Friends of the Henry George School of
Social Science make is possible because
they believe that the wide dissemination
of a knowledge of economics will make
for a happier people.

Send For This Book Today
This 571 page book, beautifully printed,
cloth bound, will be sent to you post¬
paid, for only One Dollar. By the same
mail you will receive your first lesson
paper of the Correspondence Course.
When you have finished the ten lessons
you will be surprised at the wider
understanding this study has brought
to you. MAIL ORDER TO —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

The Henyard

Crop Bound Hens

What causes my pullets to eat
straw and feathers? My henhouse
is quite large and have a large yard
but they will not go outdoors. The
yard doesn’t have any grass. Do you
suppose that is causing my trouble?
I opened the crop of one which was
so large that it interfered with her
health. The contents weigher 20
ounces. t. k.

Chickens get crop bound through
picking up and eating litter, grass,
feathers or anything handy. It is
probably due to a pernicious habit
started through lack of some needed
ingredient, sometimes through lack
of sufficient fibre or bulk in the
ration.

A bare yard has nothing in it to
attract the birds outdoors. If. you
could cultivate the yard and seed
it to oats about every two weeks,
there would be some green food
coming along to get them outside.
Also, placing a feed hopper outside
may be of help. However, if feed is
out in the yard, the hopper should
be moved every day to avoid con¬
tamination in one area. Also, if
there is no shade in the yard, it will
be difficult to get the hens to go
outside on hot days. Try also placing
a small hopper with whole oats in
front of the birds for a few houre
each day. This should be in addition
to your regular feeding. Do what¬
ever you can to keep the birds busy.

Feeding Small Flock

What should I feed a few Leghorn
hens in captivity in a small garden
on the outskirts of a little town. I
feed a mash-feed bought locally, but
they seem to be tired of it, and are
very glad to have wheat or corn.
Naturally, I want as many eggs as
I can get. The hens do not lay
enough eggs to pay for their feed,
but I enjoy their company and the
little touch of country life.

Pennsylvania a. e. f.

You can feed your Leghorn hens
either a complete ration which is
all mash, or a combination of mash
and grain.

If the feed you are using is made
by a reputable concern, it would be
wise to follow their feeding regu¬
lations. In other words, if you are
feeding an all mash or so-called
complete ration, grain should not be
given if you desire the best produc¬
tion. However, if you are feeding
a mash that is designed to be fed
with grain, then grain feeding should
be part of the schedule for daily
feeding. With a few hens it would
be more simple to use the all mash
or complete mash method, and by
all means follow the feeding recom¬
mendations of the feed manufacturer.

Poultry Lice

What can I do to get rid of lice
on chickens? l. s.

Lice can be eradicated by one of
three ordinary methods, (1) the use
of a dusting powder; (2) the use of
blue or mecurial ointment; or (3)
nicotine sulphate or “Blackleaf 40.”

There are numerous dusting
powders on the market, and the
specific dust is sprinkled into the
base of the feathers. Blue or
mecurial ointment is usually mixed
about 50-50 with petroleum jelly and
then some of this grease is rubbed
into the base of the feathers under
the wings and below the vent.
Nicotine sulphate can be used by
applying it with an oil can to the
top of the roost rail just before the
birds go to bed at night. A second
application should be made in about
ten days to two weeks. The fumes
from this liquid penetrate the
feathers of the birds at night and
kill the lice. They do not, however,
kill the lice eggs so the need for
repeated treatment.

Scalding Broilers

What is the proper temperature
of water to scald broilers? I have
been mostly dry picking them, but
have now too many to do. c. k.

New York

Broilers should be semi-scalded at
a temperature of about 127-128 de¬
grees Fahrenheit, for 30 seconds.
The birds should be completely im¬
mersed, and kept under for the
whole period. During this time they
should be moved about to get the
water well into the base of the
feathers.

BROILER CHICKS

OF CONTROLLED BREEDING

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard's
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
live, featherearly, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

REDUCED i^^PRICES
jA WENE CHICKS

§ iQjJ SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

V&/. St PULLETS

Sold on CREDIT
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.

Ue NEW JERSEY

. 3. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Leghorns -Reds-Rocks-Wyandot^^^)^^ ±t

New Hampshires- HallcrosstCrosstird) Chicks

“WELL EREDA -WI LI. BREEDERS”

We have the facts

and we have the evidence why HALL’S
CHICKS should make more MONEY
for you. There isn’t room here to tell
the story but you’ll find it set forth
clearly in our attractive 24 page cata¬
log. It’s yours for the asking.

SEND FOR YOUR FREE COPY.

Hail Bros. Hatchery, Inc. w.mn0e<z.rd?conn.

HOT WEATHER CAN’T
STOP WARREN CONTEST LEADERS

Our Contest birds are entering the final lap of
the Contest with Shining records. Here's the
line-up as of June 1st.

High Pen. All Breeds, at Five Contests
II Pens placing 1st, 2nd and 3rd in the R. I.
Red Class

High Red Pen also Hen at 6 Contests
CHICKS FOR SUMMER BROODS
U. S.- Massachusetts Pullorum Clean
Straight R. I. REDS & ROCK-RED Cross

Same blood and breeding (in the Red line) that
carries our Contest birds to highest honors and
won State chick contract for supplying
Mass. Institutions for 10th consecutive
year. Write for Mid-Summer Prices.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

NEW HAMPSHIRES. LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS. CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar.to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sale Now! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Cataleg A. Prices. Hatchet year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fingar. Owner A Manager.

BOX H. HUDSON. NEW YORK

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

All Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat. Free.

Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — 'Jnsexed Pullets. Cockerels.

Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

White or Brown Leghorns . .$7.00 $12.50 $3.00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4.00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 9.50 7.00

Wh. Wyand.. R. I. Reds, Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 7.00

New Hampshires. Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7.00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year.

ULSH POULTRY FARM. Box R. Port Trevorton. Pa.

TOLMAN’S PLYMOUTH ROCKS
Batoy ClTiclts
$10.00 Per 100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% Stdte
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN'S
ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth. Early Maturity.
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed. One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND. MASS.

Chicks That Live

Our 33 years of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

19 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. J.

Enrich with MINERALS

Use "Lime Crest**

CALCITE CRYSTALS

Important for making firm, sound egg
shells . ..for maintaining healthy birds
. . . for strong, sturdy baby chicks.

Many brands of feed are minerally enriched
with * 4 Lime Crest' ’ Calcite, your dependable
aid for flock mineral protection.

In addition, keep 44Lime Crest” Calcite Grit before
your poultry at all times to satisfy additional mineral,
hunger. Writ* for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORP. OF AMERICA
Box O • Newton, N. J.

=== OUR ======

Cap-Brush'' Applicator
makes "BLACK LEAF 40'
< GO MUCH FARTHER i

Blacky
Leaf 40

JUST A

DASH IN FEATHERS..

OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc. quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, Md.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

1 Christie’s NEW HAMPSHIRES
- ‘full Of SPIZZERINKTUM

SPIZZERINKTUM CHICKS
Thrive Thru Summer’s Heat
Just what you need for a successful
summer brood. Hatches every week,
eggs laid by 40,000 State Pul¬
lorum Tested Breeders (No Reactors).
Straight New Hampshire. Straight Barred
Rock and Chris-Cross (Barred Hybrid)
Matings. Write for informative Catalog
and Prices. Andrew Christie, Box 60, Kingston, N. H.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets, Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON. (R) MARCELLUS. NEW YORK

SUNNY SLOPE CHICKS

100% live arrival guar. Postpaid. — Cash or C. O. D.
Order direct from ad. All Breeders Bloodtested.
Hatches every Mon. Non-Sex Pits. Ckls.

and Thursday 100 100 100

Large Eng. Wh. Leghorns . $6.00 $12.00 $2.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 9.50 7.00

Bar. & W. Rox. Rd.-Rk. Cr _ 7.00 8.50 7.00

R. I. Reds & Wh. Wyand. . 7.00 8.50 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.00 7.50 5.50

Extra quality chicks bred for size & egg production
Pullets guaranteed 90%. Write for FREE CATALOG.
Sunny Slope Hatchery, Ine., Dept. R, Thompsontown, Penna.

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls

(Pullets Guar. 95%) ?00 100 100

English White Leghorns. Special. . .$7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B & W. Rocks. R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE
L. E. STBAWSEB. BOX R. MeALISTERVILLE. PA!

BBUmmHER'S CHICKS

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $7.00 per 100;

56.00- 1 00. All breeders Blood-Tested,
CIRCULAR FREE. 100*% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

PULLETS- PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop,, Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires. Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish. Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults. Guineas
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings List Free.

u 1 1 e t s

S. C. White Leghorns; 3,000, all ages. Ready t’oi
delivery. Range raised. Write, Telephone, or calk

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM, East Moriches, N. Y.
(Telephone Ce.-‘er Moriches 427)

CHICKS New Hampshires. Barred Rocks. Whit

HEri a pnm TBEvO1?»»J.5'7I'i00- C 0 D shipment!

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA

When you write advertisers met
The Rural New-Yorker and you ’I
a quick reply and a “square deal.’
guarantee editorial page : ;

444

Marketing 1,400 Turkeys at
Retail

(Continued from Page 430)
Enclosed was a printed slip on
vegetable parchment pap.er reading:
“This turkey should be unwrapped
and placed under refrigeration until
you are ready to prepare it for cook¬
ing.” The printing was in a red ink
that is not harmful. The slip was
enclosed as the bird might spoil if
the cellophane wrapping were not re¬
moved. The double-wrapped turkey
was then placed in a large bag of
kraft paper. The bag was imprinted
with the name of the farm, telephone
number, a picture of a turkey, and
delivery instructions.

The wrapped turkey and its ac¬
companying order form now came
back to the office and the New York
dressed and dressed and drawn
weights entered on the order forms
in the book. The amount was now
figured and entered. All this took
but a few minutes of time. The
customer could take the turkey with
him or have it delivered.

The prices received last year were
22 cents live weight, 27 cents New
York dressed and an additional 25
cents if dressed and drawn. 6Q0
turkeys were sold at Thanksgiving
and 800 at Christmas.

A total of 18 persons were em¬
ployed during the marketing period.
“Our greatest trouble was in mak¬
ing deliveries,” says Mr. Sprague.
“We employed six men for delivery
but the area covered was so great
that we had to keep on our toes.
However, while it was rush work,
we accomplished it with no com¬
plaints.”

“Our success has been due to the
fact that we have tried to give
customers just what they want.
While many customers came to the
farm to see the live turkeys, es¬
pecially families with children, who
first saw turkeys in their natural
habitat, most of them asked ' us to
do the selecting for them. Of course
we had also to do this for the large
number of telephone orders that
came in. When we made the selec¬
tion we had the deliveryman ask
the customer to unwrap the turkey
before he left. This was done for
two reasons: first, to be sure the
customer was satisfied, and second,
to secure full publicity benefit of
their reaction when they saw how
nice the turkey looked. A great
many customers remarked on the
attractive appearance of the turkeys.
We marketed our entire 1,400 turkeys
without a single complaint of any
kind being made. This year we have
2,500 turkeys at least and a possible
3,000 and we expect to market all
of them at retail.”

From Livingston County

Here in northern Livingston
County we hear much, and read
more about the disastrous effects of
the drought of the last two months
on the milk industry. But the farm¬
ers around here keep on making
and drawing milk at slightly better
prices and we hear little of strikes
in this locality. Very little of the
1940 crop remains in farmers’ hands.
Millers are paying from 95 to 93 cents
per bushel in the general market.
Oats bring around 40 cents per
bushel in the general market, which
is far better than 28 to 30 cents as
heretofore. Marrow beans have also
advanced, and now bring around
$7.50 per bushel of 60 pounds.

We have harvested a good crop
of alfalfa but no sales are reported
on it as yet. Clover and timothy
suffered severely from drouth and
many fields will produce very light
yields, although quality is excellent.
Wheat is ripening uneven and spotty
but promises a fair yield generally.
Early peas were poor both in yield
and quality but a better crop of the
later varieties is now going to the
viners.

On the whole we are a lot better
off than we might be. s. e. h.

New York

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

In New Jersey

Great improvement of crops in
every part of New Jersey is reported
for July. Heavy rains over the past
two weeks were of considerable
benefit in most cases to growing
crops.

General movement of bunched
beets continues from the central and
northern parts of the State. Har¬
vesting of early cabbage in South
Jersey continues, with quality re¬
ported to be excellent since the re¬
cent rains. Peak movement of carrots
is now past in the Vineland area,
but heavier shipments continue to
move from the central and northern
parts of the State. Increasing ship¬
ments of celery from the Great
Meadows section of Warren County
are reported. General harvesting of
cucumbers is now underway in both
South and Central Jersey. Yields are
satisfactory, with good quality.

The recent rains coupled with
high temperatures have been very
beneficial for the eggplant crop.
Lettuce harvesting is now confined
to the market gardening areas of
North Jersey. Present offerings con¬
sist largely of Iceberg type, as most
of the Boston and Rdmaine has
now been marketed. A light volume
of peppers continues to move to
market, with general harvesting not
as yet underway, from South Jersey.
Growers in the Cedarville area are
now starting to pick from their
second plantings of snap beans. Light
picking of lima beans is reported in
the Cedarville section.

General harvesting of market
tomatoes is now underway in South
Jersey. Yields of early varieties in
this section are reported to be com¬
paratively light. Some early fields of
potatoes are being dug. Harvesting
of apples continues to increase, with
Starrs the principal variety moving.
Some Red Bird peaches are now
moving. J. w. w.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements ot Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 447.

Help Wanted

WANTED — Barn man on dairy farm. No
farm work. Must know how to groom cows
and milk. DeLaval milker. $50 a month and
board. GRENELEAH FARMS, R. D. No. 2,
Princeton, N. J.

HELP WANTED, handyman on private es¬
tate, single, experience with tractor,
power lawn mower, good milker. Refer¬
ences; no liquor. JOSEPH STEIN, Supt.,
Route 2, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.

WANTED — Woman or girl for general
housework; good home, all modern im¬
provements; year around work. JOHN
CONKLIN, Box 2, Craryville, N. Y.

WANTED — Single men for dairy farm. Milk¬
ing machine operator and strippers; also
dairy assistant to wash bottles and equip¬
ment. Steady work and good wages for the
good workers. P. O. Box 408, St. James,
N. Y.

WANTED MAN, white, for kitchen work,
clearing and washing dishes; good wages
and home. MRS. C. RIDGWAY, Plainsboro,
N. J. (Club House).

WANTED — Handy man; $30 monthly and
board. BOX 102, Commack, Long Island.

COUPLE NEEDED for small estate farm
in Bucks County, Penna. No dairy. Modern
equipment and very comfortable quarters
with all modem conveniences. Wages $50
month and living for running house and
farm. ADVERTISER 2124, care Rural New-
Yorker.

EXPERIENCED MARRIED dairy farmer,
take full charge farm located in Orange
County. State age, salary, references. Per¬
manent position for man who proves re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2121, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WORKING MANAGER, sober, trustworthy;

small family for North Jersey dairy farm.
Experienced with cows, crops, machinery;
offer house privileges, $100 monthly. BOX
60, Hope, N. J.

WOMAN TO make herself useful on small
country place, no laundry, take full
charge when owner is away; country raised
preferred, age between 30-40. $30 per month
to start, own room, good home to right
party. BOX 125, Green Village, N. J.

WANTED COOK, female at once. Apply
to LLOYD M. HALLENBECK, Greendale-
on-the-Hudson, N. - Y.

BEE MAN, experienced in extracted honey
production. Give age, experience, refer¬
ences and wages expected. LAVERN
DEPEW, Auburn, N. Y.

SINGLE ELDERLY or middleaged man,
wanted on farm; good home. State wages
wanted; mostly chores. ADVERTISER 2131,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man for milking and
general farm work with team or tractor.
$45 and board with bonus during Summer
months. L. S. ACE, Falls Village, Conn.

WANTED — Elderly man, handy around small
farm. BOX 64, Cottekill, N. Y.

HERDSMAN WANTED, single man with
experience, for farm of 200 herd. Good
wages. A. MITCHELL, Washington, Conn.

WOMAN OR girl wanted as mothers helper
in farm home. Must be clean, have a nice
disposition and trustworthy. Good home
and hours with $40 monthly, room and
board. State age and experience. ADVER¬
TISER 2142, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN WANTED, to work on dairy farm.

Must be a very good milker and general
farmer. State age, weight, height. Wages
$60 month, room and board. ADVERTISER
2143, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED BY September, experienced farm¬
er-gardener. One man place in Northern
New Jersey. Pleasant cottage. Wife board
helper in Summer. All year position for
capable man. Send full particulars and
salary wanted in first letter. ADVERTISER
2141, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man on modern poultry
farm in New Jersey. $40-$50 per month,
room, board. State full particulars first
letter. ADVERTISER 2140, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUPLE — Gentleman (single) wants house¬
keeper and gardener, ages 45 to 50;
Protestants. Pleasant home, near New York
City. Year round position; moderate wages.
Good health and neatness essential. Write
immediately stating former occupation, age,
etc. ADVERTISER 2138, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MAN FOR general work around house and
garden, private family; mjust have
chauffeur’s license; state age. $25 per month
with room and board; good home. ADVER¬
TISER 2136, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER and assist with
elderly people; $40 per month. KRUGER
CONVALESCENT HOME, 377 Webster
Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y.

WANTED — Herdsman for city dairy, take
full charge of production and 7 men; $150
per month; no privileges. ADVERTISER
2133, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Middleaged couple, woman cook
for 14 men; man must have knowledge
of cows and do handy work. $80 per month
with board. ADVERTISER 2134, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MODERN GOAT dairy wants farm raised
working manager, married; neat dry-
hand milker; general farming experience;
handy with tools; experience with goats
desirable but not essential; modern cottage,
family no objection. Give references and
details; name your own wages. MINKDALE
FARMS, Newtown, Conn.

MAN OR couple, gardener-handyman; must
know about vegetables and flowers. No
animals. Skilled in simple requirements of
farm carpentry.- Year round job for suit¬
able person. State experience and refer¬
ences. Fully equipped three room apartment.
Must drive car. Farm about 10 miles north
of Peekskill. ADVERTISER 2144, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Situations Wanted

YOUNG MAN, single, desires position on
small poultry farm; 12 years experience.
References. JOSEPH B. WILE, R. F. D.
No. 2, Harrison, Maine.

EXPERT FARM, dairy manager, all
branches; specialty Guernseys, Leghorns.
Results. ADVERTISER 2049, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN, 37, experienced farmer,
clean hand or machine milker. Drive
tractor or team; able to work alone. Good
references. FRITZ KLENON, R. D. No. 1,
Roxbury, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER-COMPANION with boy 14.

Refined, trustworthy, intelligent. Wishes
light position in motherless home; excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2092, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HERDSMAN-DAIRYMAN, married; 10 years
experience; good references. No liquor or
tobacco. ADVERTISER 2095, care Rural
New-Yorker.

REGISTERED NURSE wishes position.

September 1 or earlier; in home for aged
people or school. ADVERTISER 2093, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE FARM teamster, age 48, Swedish;

no tractor experience, no heavy milking.
ADVERTISER 2097, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING FOREMAN, life experience poul¬
try; 36, married, two children, wants
work. Would prefer profit sharing arrange¬
ment. Write P. O. BOX 357, Wrentham,
Mass.

ALLROUND MARRIED farm manager,

herdsman, gardner, wants work on a
small farm or estate with good living con¬
ditions and wages; where work is appre¬
ciated. No children. BOX No, 244,

Mendham, N. J.

FARMER-CARPENTER, 49, single, wants
$60 month, board. Does anybody in the
United States want temperate good man.
G. ROMAINE, Box 142, Raymond, N. H.

WORKING POULTRY manager, single, 25
years experience, management large egg,
broiler plants. Also turkey and pheasant
farms. Excellent executive ability. Disease
and vermin control. Excellent references.
Wages depend upon size of plant. Please
state particulars. ADVERTISER 2130, care
Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN — Middleaged, high caliber.

wishes to connect with modern poultry
plant whose owner is in need of a man
where success was results of the knowledge
of present principles. Only desirous of
connecting with owner who would value
such service. ADVERTISER 2129, care
Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, alert, pleasant, honest. Ex¬
perienced gardens, lawns, fruit; handy,
can drive. Seeks friendly place. ADVER¬
TISER 2127, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOOKKEEPER, MIDDLEAGED, wants po¬
sition for maintenance and small salary.
ADVERTISER 2126, care Rural New-Yorker.

July 26, 1941

MAN WITH 25 years masonry experience,
bricklaying, plastering, cement work and
exceptionally handy; all building tools.
Willing to go anywhere. ADVERTISER 2123,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Position by farmer, long experi¬
ence in general farm, livestock and
poultry. Operate all equipment. Married, age
50. In or near Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
ADVERTISER 2122, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, Protestant, American,
36, married, one child. Experienced dairy
cattle, horses, sheep, machinery, farm crops.
No tobacco, liquor. Good living conditions
essential. References, interview. ADVER¬
TISER 2118, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED COUNTRY woman, middleaged,
not servant Type wishes housekeeping for
single gentleman. ADVERTISER 2117, care
Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN, EXPERIENCED, married.

open for position. GEORGE BARY.
Liberty Corner, N. J.

YOUNG MAN, experienced poultry farm¬
ing; 21. Best references, no bad habits.
WILLIAM ODELL, 8-19 Astoria Blvd.,
Astoria, L. I.

MARRIED MAN with small family wants
job on small dairy farm by August 1.
ADVERTISER 2139, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN 51, desires steady work on farm. No
experience;^ good home to high wages.
ADVERTISER 2137, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, AMERICAN, 43, excellent
cook, etc. Young daughter. Within 100
miles New York City. State conveniences,
salary, references; permanent. ADVER¬
TISER 2135, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED CHRISTIAN gentleman, 53, single,
trustworthy, desires light work, prefer¬
ably small poultry farm; 1-3 adults. Good
home more essential than wages. ADVER¬
TISER 2132, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER 55, German-American, in¬
telligent, friendly, wishes position with
elderly person. ADVERTISER 2146, care
Rural New-Yorker.

DEPENDABLE WIDOW wishes housekeep¬
ing, country home; Jersey. ADVERTISER
2145, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, single, long farm experience,
desires position, preferably on chicken
farm. JOSEPH B. WILE, R. F. D. No. 2,
Harrison, Maine.

Country Board

WANTED - — Boarders on farm, $12 week.
L. A. THOMPSON, Deposit, N, Y.

MOUNTAIN REST, Tourist Home, Shenan¬
doah Valley. Modern, screened porches.
$7 and $8 weekly. Route 2, Edinburg, Va.

WANTED — Boarders on farm in Shenan¬
doah Valley. Dollar — day. L. HOTINGER,
Parnassus, Va.

GUIDE WANTS fishing parties for Eastern
Maine. Black bass. Board. R. MOORE,
R, F. D. No. 1, Machias, Maine.

WANTED — Baby or young children to
board. Country home. References ex¬
changed. MRS. LLOYD JONES, Friends-
ville, Susquehanna County, Penna.

WILL GIVE free rooms to lady, exchange
for housekeeping. Write, CHATELAN,
New Paltz, N. Y.

HOME IS wanted by an old Christian man
in country or village, with some lonely
family or person, who wants cultured com¬
panionship or protection. Healthy, active,
good natured; South preferred. ADVER¬
TISER 2098, care Rural New-Yorker.

“RIVERSIDE FARMS,” large modern home
by river. Swimming; shady screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

LARGE, QUIET farmhome; conveniences;

$14 week. Restricted. “OLD HOME¬
STEAD,” Mansfield, Pa.

LOVELY FARM home. State inspected for
elderly or retired persons. $8 per week.
MAURICE HEIGHTS FARM, Halifax, Pa.

BOARDERS WANTED, modern home:

three minutes walk from Delaware River;
$12-$14 week. CARRIE ELWOOD, Shaver-
town, N. Y.

WANTED— Boarding house, preferably near
a lake or town; 14-20 rooms. Cash $2,500.
Send particulars and price to ADVERTISER
2147, care Rural New-Yorker.

PURE LEATHER colored Italian queen bees,
50c each; 20 or more 40c each. Imme¬
diate shipments. JASPER KNIGHT, Hayne-
ville, Alabama.

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cau¬
casian queens, 60c each; very gentle and
productive. HARRY CONNER Stockton,
New Jersey.

Fruits and Foods

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Nature’s natural nourishment. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1. 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 75c;

3 lbs. $2 prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

NEW CLOVER honey, postpaid third zone.

Five lb. pail 85c; two, $1.60; four, $3.
HUGH GREGG, Elbridge, N. Y.

HAND-PICKED black walnut meats. Two
lbs. $1.25; 5 lbs. $3. All quarters, 75c per
lb. Prepaid. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

NEW CROP clover honey. 24 boxes fancy
comb $3.50. 60 pounds extracted $3.90.

WALTER A. WOOD, Naples, N. Y.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

445

- - - » -

Live Stock and Dairy

Cows’ Milk for Pigs

I am raising two pigs on cows’
milk. They are about four weeks
old, and are as large as some of
their 10 sisters and brothers, that
are with their mother. As pigs were
bringing a good price this Spring
we decided to raise what we could
of the ones the mother could not
care for. There were 15 to start
with. We lost the two smallest we
were feeding by hand and the mother
killed one accidently. She is a very
good and careful mother. Of her 19
piglets last Fall she raised 11 and
now she has 10 nice pigs besides the
two I am raising.

They came during a very cold
spell in May and we had to keep
the extra little ones in the kitchen
for a week, at which time we lost
two. I used sheep nipples on ketchup
bottles. One was stubborn and would
not take the bottle, so she eats fine
from a dish. The other must soon
be weaned from her bottle.

I used Guernsey milk which had
gone through the separator, but I
was very careful not to give them
any foam. I added about two table¬
spoons of lime water and fed them
about every two hours. At first they
took only a small amount but soon
I added more and now they take a
pint every three hours. I still warm
it for them and add lime water.

After the second week I gave them
cooked quick oats. I cook it real
thin, like a broth till well cooked
and add milk. This goes in the
bottle and is easily taken.

I mash a couple of potatoes real
fine and add the potato water and
milk. I also give gravy and any
water, vegetables are cooked in.
They nibble on clover and alfalfa
and like to chew on apples and stale
bread. They are nice and fat.

New York e. c. s.

Periodic Ophthalmia

Could you give any information
on moon blindness in a horse?

New York c. k. c.

The exact cause of periodic
ophthalmia or moon blindness is
not known. However, it is supposed
to be caused by certain deficiencies
or to some causitive organism asso¬
ciated with damp soil and damp
weather. Some reports indicate -the

use of Vitamin A or provitamin A
(carotene) have been beneficial in
its treatment. Carotene may be
supplied by feeding a quart of
carrots daily, feed a few the first
day and gradually add them each
day following. Vitamin A may be
supplied by the use of any of the
standard Vitamin A concentrates sold
in all drug stores. A daily dose for
the horse is about 16 times the
amount prescribed for the human.
Dosage would vary in accordance
with the concentration and would
be found on the container. Good
pasture on dry land might be of
some benefit. r. w. d.

Strange Actions of Pig

I have a six weeks old pig and
when I went to feed it this morning
it appeared to be asleep and paid
no notice to the milk being poured
into the trough. I picked it up and it
didn’t move, but finally it did and
began to squeal and went to eating.

New York a. h. r.

It would not be possible to diag¬
nose with accuracy the cause of
your pigs actions from the symp¬
toms which you so briefly describe.
It is possible it may have eaten
something which has caused a case
of poisoning. Starving for 24 hours
and then administering two table¬
spoons of epsom salts in one quart
of skim-milk might be of some
benefit. r. w. d.

Lame Cow

My cow was lame two years ago
and got over it. Last Fall she went
lame again, and on her right foot
at the top between the toes an ab¬
scess formed. That got better but
started again this Spring. At the
same time another bunch formed
around the upper outside edge of
hoof. h. c.

Connecticut

It might prove beneficial to im¬
merse the affected leg in a hot satu¬
rated boric acid solution twice daily,
for two or three weeks. Paint¬
ing the other swelling with tincture
of iodine might be of some benefit,
painting it once weekly for three or
four applications. If it breaks it
could then be soaked in the hot
saturated boric acid solution as
suggested for the open sore.

R. w. B.

quent but nobody seems ever to get
hurt. Huge crowds are attracted
from afar. Last year the optimistic
Chamber of Commerce clocked cars
crossing the fine new causeway. They
figured that more than 40,000 visitors
arrived. Prices averaged between
$35 and $45 per pony.

Chincoteague Island is easily
reached by rail to Oak Hall on
Virginia’s Eastern Shore and thence
by connecting bus. U. S. Route 13
runs the length of Delmarva penin¬
sula. At Pocomoke City, Maryland,
an excellent road connects it with
Chincoteague. Tourist accommo¬
dation is well developed for the
region is famous for sea fishing
and gunning. It is reasonabley
priced and conveniently located.
Pony Penning Day is too valuable to
the community for any neglect to be
tolerated. Visitors are well cared for.
Transportation is available to deliver
purchased ponies to any point. c.

Chincoteague Ponies pom Chesapeake Bay.

Chincoteague Pony Round-
Up on July 31

Last Fall I wrote an article on
the Chincoteague Ponies on Chinco¬
teague Island in Chesapeake Bay. I
was very pleased to learn of the
interest which many R. N.-Y. read¬
ers had in this story. Every year
there is a rodeo and auction sale
held at Chincoteague.

This year the round-up will take
place on July 31 and already the
community is making plans for a
big affair.

These ponies ranching on Chinco¬
teague and Assateague Islands are
privately owned but the annual
round-up is turned into a community
affair organized by the fire depart¬
ment of Chincoteague.

The round-up is made into high
carnival by cowboys more used to
bucking pungies or bugeyes — fishing
craft — than horseflesh. Falls are fre-

"I didn’t think such a good
feed could be IMPROVED!"

That’s what many a turkey
raiser will say when he hears
about the improved Larro
Turkey Finisher. Men who have
been feeding their flocks the “Farm-
tested' way on Larro Turkey Fin¬
isher have been getting the kind of
results that make improvement
seem difficult.

But patient research by nutrition
specialists at Larro Research Farm
has brought improvements just the
same — four of them ! Tests in which
this new Turkey Finisher has been
compared with our former Finisher
show that it gives (1) still better
weight gains (2) at lower feed costs
with (3) greater health protection
and (4) higher profits for the feeder.
Here’s why! The protein content

of Larro “Farm-tested” Turkey
Finisher has been increased and the
Flavin and Vitamin A levels raised
so that it provides a still greater
safety margin against certain de¬
ficiency diseases.

With the beginning of the 15th
week put your poults on the im¬
proved Larro “Farm-tested” Tur¬
key Finisher and see for yourself
the results that can be obtained'.
Write today for complete informa¬
tion and a free copy of the 72-page
Larro Turkey Book.

’farm-tested'' is a registered
trademark of General Mills, Inc.

LARROWE MULING COMPANY

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

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446

tte RURAL NEW-YORKER

Rising Costs

NOW is the time to buy
your new Unadilla Silo. Mate¬
rials are getting scarcer, be¬
cause of demands made by
National Defense.

The Unadilla is your safest buy. Wood
is the proven best material for silos.
And in the Unadilla you get the pat¬
ented doweled staves with extra
hoops that insurea Juice-Tight, wind-
proof, endurihg silo. . . . Choice of
Oregon fir or Pine staves with stand¬
ard hardware, hoops, laminated doors
and roofs. Write or wire for catalog
and prices. Unadilla Silo Company,
Box C, Unadilla, New York.

Unadilla Wood Liners available for
ailing masonry silos. Write for prices.

UNADILLA

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edition of booklet, "Sanitary Milk
Houses." Write today for free copy.

PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION

Dept. K7d-16, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.

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to 25 lbs., or only 4 cents a pig. Ask any
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PETERS SERUM CO. Laboratories

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4707 FRONT STREET. GALESBURG. KANSAS.

Publisher’s Desk

I am one of your oldest readers
and still enjoy it very much. I find
lots of good in The R. N.-Y. that
I never used to read before and I
shall always have it on hand if it
is possible. Have you any way to
find out about Syracuse Hotel?
It was built in 1923, failed
once and when it was pretty
nearly finished all stock holders had
to pony up with more cash. Do you
think we will ever get anything
out of it? I had 110 shares and $500
in bonds.

New York

This company reorganized in 1935.
The former 6V2% bonds were ex¬
changeable for new bonds. If old
bonds have not been turned in it is
our understanding that the holder
is entitled to a cash payment in
addition to new securities. This
would apply only to the old bonds.

I just received a letter from the
Post Office Inspector stating that
Jennings B. Momsen, who formerly
operated the Associated Adjusters at
Milwaukee, was confined to a United
States penitentiary on March 27, 1941.

I received a proposition from the
above mentioned person and firm in
December 1937, but due to the
article written in Publisher’s Desk
I submittted the complete letter to
the Inspectors office at Chicago, Ill.
It gives me great pleasure in this
case to thank you for the services
of Publisher’s Desk. You possibly
saved me a great deal of worry and
money if I had abided by the de¬
sires of Associated Adjusters at that
time. The fact that Jennings B.
Momsen is now serving four years
in a Federal Prison should show
the service the Publisher’s Desk
offers in its true light. w. a.

Kentucky

When we issued our first warning
Momsen threatened libel suit and
disputed our opinion of the scheme.
We sent -all complaints to the Post
Office Department. They followed
them up carefully with the result
that Momsen was Indicted. He ap¬
pealed his case to the Court of Ap¬
peals at Chicago and the Supreme
Court of the United States but the
verdict was sustained and Momsen
is now serving a jail term. Pub¬
lisher’s Desk has only one wish and
that is to save our friends from loss.
The earmarks of schemes that take
your money without adequate return
can be recognized if time is taken
to analyze them. We congratulate
our friend on his prompt action.

I am sorry to bother you with such
a small affair. I sent an order to
Clark Gardner Nurseries in accor¬
dance with one of their radio broad¬
casts some time ago. I sent several
notices that I didn’t get my order
which order included a tulip tree and
something over 270 different kinds
of plants and seeds. I really do
want the order so much but they
shouldn’t broadcast if they don’t in¬
tend to ship the orders. Could you
please do something about this?

New York mrs. e. b.

There were similar complaints and
we understand some radio stations
have discontinued the broadcasts.
Clark Gardner operates a nursery at
Osage, Iowa, and we have had com¬
plaints for a few years back. He ad¬
justed them, as he has this one of
our reader, by refunding the $1 and
sending plants but others report some
of the stock received was sq poor
complaint was made to the Post
Office Department.

Vegetables were delivered to
Frank B. McKaig, Jr., of Phila¬
delphia. No payment was made but
he agreed that $49.20 was due and
would be sent the following week.
The promise was not kept. Can you
collect it for me? mrs. f. a. c.

New Jersey

Letters to the party were returned
by the Post Office Department. A
new address was found and the ac¬
count given to an attorney for
collection who reports that the busi¬
ness was discontinued last October
because of lack of capital. McKaig,
not being able to get employment,
action against him to legally en¬
force this obligation would be futile,
but as he is a graduate of a military
college and will no doubt be getting
a commission and higher pay, we
hope he will not overlook reimburs¬
ing these good people for the vege¬
tables they toiled to produce and
delivered to him.

Two corporations, three men and
a woman were indicted for mail
fraud and violation of the Securities
Act, in an alleged swindling operation
said to amount to $300,000 taken from
100 residents of New York arid New
Jersey. The indictment charges that
the proposition called for invest¬
ment in Florida swamp land on
representations that citrus trees
would grow on the properties. The
Kalamazoo Land Co., one of the de¬
fendants, is charged with selling
the land. The Independent Growing
and Marketing Corporation is
alleged to have sold the cultivation
contracts. Francis H. Hibberd, Jr.,
was president of both concerns;
Louis H. C. Von Lenz Nields, secre¬
tary, Drew B. Swanson and
Lawrence A. Wiener salesmen for the
.companies. Francis H. Hibberd, Jr.
is srid to have obtained an option
on 560 acres of uncleared swamp
land in 1934 in Volusia County,
Florida, which ordinarily sells for
$2 an acre. It is charged, however,
that he and the other defendants
prepared to sell the land from $150
to $500 per acre. Some of the
victims entered into cultivation con¬
tracts binding themselves to pay $75
to $500 an acre every six months
in return for promised proceeds from
crops which the defendants agreed
to raise. It is said 40 acres were
partly cultivated and the balance of
the 560 acres were worthless ac¬
cording to the government.

Please accept our appreciation for
your help in getting the problem
straightened out and in such a short
time. You certainly have done us
a great and wonderful favor in help¬
ing to get our equal rights in this
case. Surely your Publisher’s Desk
and also your paper has always had
a lot of praise from far and near and
now more than ever we realize what
a great help they both are in every
home and family and long may your
good work“ continue to do good for
others. I understand from your
columns that you take no fees for
your services but if this statement
is untrue please inform me. We have
been readers of your paper for a
long time and hope to be of some
service to you sometime.

New York mr, and mrs. l. s.

We were very glad to be of help
and there is no charge. The above
letter is ample pay for our work in
the matter.

In January, 1939, I sold Moses
Trop, operating as Pico Fruit Com¬
pany Inc. Rutland, Vt., 92 100-lb.
hags of potatoes for $1.30 a bag. He
gave me a check for the price but
then stopped payment on the check
and sent me another check for $1.25
a bag. I did not cash this second
check but placed the case in the
hands of a lawyer for collection. The
lawyer got a judgment and then
later had Trop - arrested. He got
someone to bail him out and since
then nothing has been done. Do
you think you could help me?

Several letters were written to
Moses Trop seeking an adjustment
of this judgment on behalf of our
subscriber. It should be reported at
this time that none of the letters
were returned nor was any reply
to any of the letters ever received
from Trop.

Thank you for sending us the
check for $75. We realize that this
was hafd to collect, as we had al¬
ready found out so when we tried
to collect it ourselves. d. c. b.

New York

This was a bill for work done
more than a year ago and though
the concern promised payments they
failed to keep them. The concern
had a reputation of being slow in
payments. The case was finally
settled before a Justice of the
Peace. We find some accounts rather
hard nuts to crack.

The Post Office Department and
the Police have received complaints
that E. J. Flagler, Rochester, N. Y.,
has taken orders for overalls, shirts
and similar merchandise on the claim
that he represents the Industrial
Garment Company, Robert Strong
Garment Company, Service Gar¬
ment Company and others. The pay¬
ment is made in advance and those
who fell for the sales talk and paid
their money find that they either
fail to receive the goods or when re¬
ceived articles are not as represented.

July 26; 1941

Sesquicentennial at Mary¬
land, New York

The town of Maryland, N. Y. lies
on the southern border of Otsego
County, and its villages of Maryland
and Schenevus are about half way
between Albany and Binghamton on
Route 7. Ordinarily they are quiet
and inconspicuous, but this Summer
they are all agog with plans for a
sesquicentennial celebration on Au¬
gust 1-2. Chief among the attrac¬
tions will be a pageant representing
the high lights of Maryland’s history.
The first scenes will depict the
Indians, then the coming of the
white men in 1791. These first
settlers were Elisha Chamberlain and
the Spencers. It was Israel and
Eliphas Spencer who, in 1794, built
the first grist mill near what is now
the village of Maryland. Three years
later Jotham Houghton built a saw
mill near by. Thus did the wheels
of industry begin to turn in the
country that had so recently been
a wilderness. The names of Hough¬
ton and Spencer have come down to
the present time. The site of the old
grist mill is included in the dairy
farm now owned and operated by
Douglas Spencer, town supervisor.
Harley Houghton is the proprietor
of a saw mill a short distance away.

A later scene in the pageant will
show Houghton’s Hotel, which was
east of Maryland village, and Col.
Jerahamel Houghton training his
militia men for the War of 1812. An¬
other important event was the com¬
ing of the Post Office. This occurred
at Schenevus in 1829, the village
then being known as Jacksonboro.
The only industry directly portrayed
in the pageant is cigar-making. Ac¬
cording to Mr. Bert Lowe, who is
arranging the program, several
hundred persons were employed at
this business in Schenevus prior to
the Civil War. The war changed
things and no industry since seems
to have given work to so many, al¬
though at one time a large tannery
did a thriving business there. There
is now an acid factory in the village
of Maryland where charcoal, acetate,
and wood alcohol are manufactured
from hard wood which is cut on the
surrounding hills.

Maryland’s part in the Civil War
will be given flitting recognition in
the pageant. From Hurd’s “History
of Otsego County, New York” I learn
that Maryland stood first in the
Empire State in the proportionate
number of men sent to fight in the
war between the states. Directly after
the war, in 1865, the railroad was
built, completing a line from Albany
to Oneonta. This contributed great¬
ly to the growth and prosperity of
Schenevus and Maryland. The de¬
velopment of transportation is al¬
ways a fascinating topic, and the last
scene of the pageant will deal with
that subject.

Farming has always been of major
importance here, and an agricultural
society was one of the earliest or¬
ganizations. At present the Schenevus
Valley Grange plays an active part
in the life of the community. Dairy¬
ing is the leading farm industry.
Years ago two cheese factories
flourished here. Now fluid milk is
produced for the New York market.
Until recently there was a Grade-A
plant at Maryland, and there is still
one in Schenevus. In pre-prohibition
days this was an important hop¬
growing section, but the hop fields
have long since been planted to corn
or clover for feeding cattle.

Maryland’s sesquicentennial will
be something more than a local
affair. Every town in the county
will be represented in the firemen’s
convention and will have a float in
the gigantic parade. This locality
was made famous long ago by
Cooper’s “Leatherstocking Tales.”
Visitors are expected to flock here,
and preparations are being made to
entertain several thousand people.
All in all, this sesquicentennial will
be a big affair, socially, educationally,
and we hope, financially. r. h. e.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

July 22-25. — Baby Chick Conven¬
tion, Kansas City, Mo.

July 29-Aug. 1. — Farm and Home
Week, Amherst, Mass.

Aug. 4-7 — Vegetable Growers
Ass’n. of America, Columbus, Ohio.

Aug. 15-Sept. 1. — New York State
Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

Sept. 10-24. — New York County
Fair, Madison Square Garden, New
York City.

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Two Beaijtiful
Double-Weight
Fro fes sional
Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

Liivc Poultry W anted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market. New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS !
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St„ New York

V I „ - - I shoe business. Free outfit

I Olir UWI1 LOCdl starts you! Big commissions,
liberal bonus. Amazing values, features make experience
unnecessary. TANNERS’ SHOES, 525 Boston, Mass.

Personal Christmas Cards.
Free Samples. 35 Boxes 30c
up. Famous 21 Assortment on Approval. Special Offer

HEOENKAMP, Dept. M-ll, 343 Broadway, New York

Sell 50 for $1.00

INVEMTADC I Have you good, patentable idea?

In f Cll lUItJ 1 Write H. J. Metzler Government- Reg¬
istered Patent Agt., Dept. 72-FP, II W. 42nd St., N.Y.

plCU for antique firearms and powder flasks.

LAOn RICHARD SHORT, Woodstock, New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN. 545 Third Ave., New York

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach os Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance of date of issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

WANTED TO buy, 50 acre farm, more or
less with good building, running water,
timber, tractor land, isolated, yet accessible;
near school and milk market. State price
and terms. ADVERTISER 2099, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000, cash $500, balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA farms, Virginia’s
best. VIRGINIA REALTY CO., Carrsville,
Virginia.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY CO., Southing¬
ton, Conn.

SATSUMA, FLORIDA: Furnished bungalow,
double garage, steel roofs, small grove;
priced to sell. MRS. B. L. COBURN, U. S.
17, Satsuma, Florida.

FOR SALE: Bungalow, 7 rooms, 2 baths,
Timken burner, 2 acres, near water,
garage. LESTER HOOLE, East Moriches,
L. I., N. Y.

POULTRY AND gardening land, 3 Vi acres
$160; 4V4 acres $215. Also state highway
nice grove, 2% acres $395; 12 acres $625.
Terms, $10 down, $5 month. SAFRANEK,
Vineland, N. J.

FOR SALE: Large, productive, mountain
farm. Southern Vermont. House, large,
old, 4 fireplaces, slate roof. Barn 42x100,
slate roof. Tenant house; 630 acres, 80 tillage,
much timber, sugar orchard, elevation.
Best hunting and trout fishing. Spectacular
view. Selling because of absentee owner¬
ship. Price $8,000, terms. Address owner,
EARLE A. JONES, Waitsfield, Vt.

GAS STATION, garage, cabin (site), state
road. Amsterdam. 30 acres, no buildings.
20 apples, maple shade, good well; $1,000,
$150 cash. ADVERTISER 2084, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOME FOR sale in Ellendale, Del.
EWIN COVERDALE.

150 ACRE dairy farm on U. S. No. 1. Mid¬
way between Boston and Providence. Ap¬
proximately 5,000 ft. frontage on both sides
of highway. Some good business sites. Early
period 7 room house, practically all public
services. 108 ft. barn, 60 ft. cow stables;
barns are comparatively new and will house
100 cows; silo and other buildings. Ideal
setting for sales stable. $10,000. Terms.
FEDERAL LAND BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE: Student rooming house, near
campus; furnished, good condition, al¬
ways rented, five car garage. Income $200
month. 17 rooms. $3,000 down, terms.
Stamped envelope for particulars. S.
FRANKLIN, 214 Dryden Rd., Ithaca, N. Y.

FOR RENT: Small stocked farm, machinery
and crops. $20 per month. Aged widow.
FANNIE P. GATES, Flinton, Pa.

METHODIST PARSONAGE for rent, all
improvements with electric refrigerator;
at Spencertown, N. Y. ADVERTISER 2087,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Six to ten acre farm with small
house, improvements, 9 W. Must be rea¬
sonable, no mortgage. State particulafs.
DELPHINE POLOM, 2029 Kimball St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Running poultry farm, about 20
acres. All buildings A-l condition; house,
all improvements. Capacity 2,000 birds or
more. Commuting distance New York.
BUSECK, 44 Seaman Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE: Four room bungalow built in
1938; quarter mile from main highway,
electricity, running water. ADVERTISER
2096, care Rural New-Yorker.

CHARMING COTTAGE, newly painted and
decorated, 7 rooms, 10 acres, electricity,
peach trees, pine groves, birch groves; 11
miles to Tanglewood. Sacrifice, $1,200.
KNEPPER, East Chatham, N. Y.

A WEALTH of opportunity for home and
business. 138 acres, near City of Hudson.
About 1,000 bearing apples: McIntosh,
Delicious, Greenings, Baldwins, Fall Pippins;
300 plums; block of cherries; 12 acres al¬
falfa; 7 acres strawberries; 3 acres red
raspberries, sold $800. from 1 acre. One acre
grape vineyard, 2,000 asparagus; 2 acres
muskmelon; 1 acre watermelons; 2 acres
tomatoes; 1 acre peppers; 1 acre lima beans;
1 acre wax and green beans; 3 acres sweet
corn; 2 acres pop corn; 1 acre potatoes; 15
acres woodland, remainder meadow. Flow¬
ing creek through property, 11 room
dwelling, furnace heat, hardwood floor,
water, 6 room cottage, large barns, poultry
housing for 1,000. Buildings insured $12,000.
Price $13,000. Terms $4,000. Cash balance on
mortgage to run for 30 years. Exclusive sale.
Send for circular of farms. LLOYD M.
HALLENBECK, Realtor, Greendale-on-the-
Hudson, N. Y.

WAITED — Two acres land, small house on
main highway; within 75 miles New York
City. Write HOLM, 850 50th St., Brooklyn,
New York.

WANTED — Inexpensive farm, with brook or
stream for weekends. Within 75 miles
New York City. BRO WNSHIELD , 1900

Grand Concourse, Bronx, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 70 acre dairy farm in Saratoga
County; always carried 25 to 30 head, 50
acres loamy machine worked fields, brook
watered pasture, woodlot, wire fences,
several painted barns, modern eight room
house like new, hard floors, electri *y,
furnace, fireplace, piped water, maple
shade, fine cellar; worth $4,500, insured for
$3,500. Mail, school bus, farm worth $7,500;
offer for $3,500 to cover mortgage, easy
terms, free folders of 100 other real bar¬
gains from $700; don’t wait. CHAS TYRE,
Corinth, N. Y.

200 ACRE dairy farm. Located just out of
city of Oneonta. House with all improve¬
ments. Tenant house. Barn for 60 head.
Two silos. Best of water. Small pond. Pine
grove. Big hay crop. Price $8,000. Description
and terms -on request. Many other equipped
farms. BUNNELL AGENCY. West St.,
Oneonta, N. Y.

MIDDLETOWN, ORANGE County, New
York. Do you want a good dairy, poultry
or small farm, nice home, store or business
cheap? Free list. “DOC” BENTON, Otis-
ville, N. Y.

OPERATING DAIRY farms from $6,000 to
$25,000. Ten acres, stream, improvements,
very desirable, $3,500. Two acres, improve¬
ments, $2,500. One acre, nice house, elec¬
tricity, $2,000; terms. Owner, SAMUEL
DEUEL, Pine Plains, N. Y.

FOR RENT: Poultry plant, 1,500 hen ca¬
pacity with 720 Jamesway cages. Also 6
large battery brooders. Insulated building.
Modern home. Hudson Valley. Or would
sell cages and brooders. ADVERTISER 2109,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED— Country general store and gas
station. Send full particulars. BOX 533,
Lynbrook, N. Y.

BEAUTIFUL, MODERN 30 acre estate, now
operated as a poultry farm and con¬
valescent home, high altitude, near lake;
good income. ADVERTISER 2111, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once, big dairy farm to lease
or take on shares; stocked. HERBERT
DOIRON, Franklin, N. H.

WANTED — Small place where a retired
couple could do some tourist business.
ADVERTISER 2113, care Rural New-Yorker.

FLORIDA HOME of 5 rooms and bath, all
improvements, on (4 acre corner lot in
Sulphur Springs near Tampa. Price $600
cash, balance of $500 in easy payments.
ADVERTISER 2114, care Rural New-Yorker.

500 ACRES, 15 miles from Binghamton,
N. Y. 70 cows, full mechanical equipment,
large modern barn, 12 room house 2, baths,
steam heat, 2 tenant houses. Price $28,000,
one-half cash. Shown by appointment only
UNITED REAL ESTATE AGENCY, Tri¬
angle, New York. *

POULTRY AND fruit farm; 3 acres; dwell¬
ing house, 2-car garage, 170-ft. well, ex¬
cellent water supply, 1.200 hen capacity,
fine buildings, automatic water supply in
all poultry houses; brooder capacity 1,500
chicks; cold storage building for apples;
county road. Price $5,000. CHARLES W.
FAITOUTE, Baltusrol Rd., Summit, N. J.

FOR SALE; Beautiful Virginia stock farm,
826 acres, old Colonial brick house, 16
rooms, first class condition, hot and cold
water, electricity available, large cattle and
hay barn, tobacco barn, tenant house,
garage, etc. (buildings insured for $13,000).
100 acres under cultivation, 150 acres pas¬
ture land, remainder good young timber.
Located on South Anna River. Excellent
hunting and fishing; 25 miles from Rich¬
mond on good road. Price $16,000 with
$10,000 down and $6,000 on mortgage, or
$15,000 cash. H. H. GREVE, Healing
Springs Estate, Dabneys, Virginia.

FARMS FOR sale. Upper Hudson Valley,
New York State. Warren, Washington and
Saratoga Counties. Dairy farm: 9 room
house, 5 acres in wood, 85 acres tillable.
20 acres in pasture, spring, good barn;
$3,300. Chicken farm: 6 room modern home,
never failing well with electric pump, 2
henhouses, 1 new double decker, berries,
$3,600. 100 acres; 25 acres in wood, 9 room
house, barn, only $1,650. Many others.
Write for lists. TOM ROGERS AGENCY
IVi Ridge St., Glens Falls, N. Y.

GROCERY STORE, stock and fixtures; two
rented apartments above. No chain stores
near. Aged owner; will sacrifice. HARRY
THORNE, New Baltimore, N. Y.

40 ACRES, near bus line; 6 room house,
barn, electricity, woods water, $1,400;
terms. 230 acres, paved road, 12 room
house, 100 ft. dairy barn, woods, timber;
short drive to fine lake, $3,600; cash $600.
STARKWEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta,,
New York.

FRONTAGE U.S. 9, 190 ft., building, well,
electricity; $1,000. Good location, highway
business, roadstand, kennel, pets, restaurant
and chickens; trade? Owner, BOX 373,
Hyde Park, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Massachusetts hill farm, 70
acres: wood, space for manufacturing.
Electricity, 1.200 elevation; near church,
school. Good road, nine miles to two
colleges; New York buses, 1V2 miles. Write,
ADVERTISER 2120, care Rural New-Yorker.

SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS; 50 acres,
springs, streams, accessible to state road,
electricity. $1,000; terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent, farm, within 100 miles
New York City. 5 to 50 acres, with mod¬
ern house; equipped for poultry. M, 321
East 43rd St., New York City.

WANTED — Chicken farm, good road, 5-10
acres capacity; about 2,000 layers, modem
house and pens; cash $1,500. Give full de¬
tails. ADVERTISER 2125, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FOR SALE: Two farms, 96 acres for $1,800.

200 acres cheap, water, electricity;
equipped for chickens and turkeys; stock
and machinery or without. Wish middle-
aged man for farm work, sober, good
teamster. LLOYD DECKER, Tunkhannock,
Penna.

WANTED — Two men on cauliflower farm.

No milking. $50 monthly to start. Board.
SMITH DICKMAN, Meridale, N. Y.

WOMAN UNDER 40 for housework. Country
home near Syracuse. Three children, nurse,
hired man. Someone who likes farm and
children, who is pleasing, agreeable, will¬
ing to shoulder responsibility for meals and
housework. Receive in return good wages,
good living conditions and good home for
some time to come. F. F. HOYT, R No 1
Jamesville, N. Y. Write fully, send photo’

WANTED — Man to work and act as care¬

taker. Must have knowledge of vegetable
gardening. ADVERTISER 2100, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WUMAJN, 80-45 years, plain cooking general
housework. Two adults, two children
Own room and bath; modern Long Island
home. $40 to start. Write ADVERTISER
2101, care Rural New-Yorker.

MOUNTAIN HOME, 6 acres, 8 room modern
house, bath, furnace, fireplace, electricity,
garage, no barn. View Susquehanna River, '
1 mile from Route 6. $2,000. Cash. FLOYD A.
DYMOND, Tunkhannock, Penna.

- — — - «*v**^*4xte Jivuic in xNormern

New Jersey. Want kitchen and house-
worker. Mother and daughter or couple
Personal cleanliness and no bad habits
essential. Write qualifications and salarv
ADVERTISER 2102, care Rural New-Yorker!

MILK ROUT&, 160 acres, state road, modern
buildings, 25 head; $13,000. GEORGE
COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

GENERAL FARM; 50 acres, modernized
Colonial 6 room home, cow, and horse
barn, silo, poultry houses, garage. Good
location. Low taxes. Price $4,700; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

POULTRY FARM, 2 room house, 7 acres,
walnut shade, fruit trees, laying house
for 1,500 hens, brooder house, pigeon
house, 4 car shed; price $2,000. NELSON
BEEBE, Tuckahoe, N. J.

500 ACRE dairy farm. Barn with 70.

stanchions. Large house, many other
buildings. $7,000, terms. VERMANN,
Coxsackie, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Saratoga County farm, 77 acres.
State road, good soil, good buildings;
$4,200. ADVERTISER 2148, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Small nursing home in Northern
New Jersey; two graduate nurses Per¬
manent position to right persons. Personal
cleanliness essential. Write experience and
salary wanted. ADVERTISER 2103, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WIDOW ON farm in Adirondacks wants
man looking for good home. $25 a month,
to cut wood. No wanderers or loafers need
apply; also boy wanted. ADVERTISER 2104
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good plain cook and helper with
housework in Protestant physicians’
family. Own room and bath; $50 a month.
MRS. RALPH ALFORD, 83 Park St.,
Montclair, N. J.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY in 30-bed hospital
near New York City, reliable, white
woman; good cook; also kitchen maid.
Mother and daughter, sisters or friends pre¬
ferred. Write giving age, experience and
references. ADVERTISER 2105, care Rural
New-Yorker.

300 FERTILE acres; 200 tillable, balance
pasture and woods. Estimated 120,000 ft.
principally white oak, 500 cords wood.
75 miles to New York City. Ideal stock
farm. Price $7,500; terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

Help Wanted

WANTED — Excellent opportunity for an
all-around poultry man, about 35 years
of age. Permanent position with advance¬
ment prospects. Box 541, R. F. D. No 1
Belmar, N. J.

WOMAN ASSIST care 10 months baby,
assist in house, small family; no cooking.
Write stating salary desired, etc. MRS.
FRANK MORRIS, Mountaindale, N. Y.

AMBITIOUS FARMER wanted to operate
140 acres of A-l farm land on shares.
Located in Pennsylvania. Plenty of water
and all land under cultivation now and in
excellent condition. Good opportunity for
a reliable party. ADVERTISER 2106, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A young man between 30 to
40 years of age with his own car as
office manager for an extensive poultry
project, must understand bookkeeping and
cost accounting; with an agreeable person¬
ality, to meet customers and sales people.
No poultry experience is necessary, but
business experience is essential. State full
qualifications and salary expected in your
application for this position. Reply to AD¬
VERTISER 2037, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man to drive truck for feed
business; must be over 30, single or
married. References. WALTER W. YETTER,
R. D. No. 3, Newton, N. J.

WANTED — Gardener-helper, salary $40
monthly, room and board. M. M.
LINDBERG, Ye Castle Inn, Saybrook, Conn.

WANTED — Married men, experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milkers; good wages
to those who qualify. Apply or write im¬
mediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM,
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED IN New Jersey, farmhand, must
be good milker; $50 month, room, board.
ADVERTISER 2061, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Girl or woman for work on
poultry farm. All modern improvements.
Give full details in reply. ADVERTISER
2107, care Rural New-Yorker.

IjAklkjnek-handymaN (no children) on
private estate. One cow. Unfurnished
house, all improvements; 40 miles from
New York. W. M. WEED, Noroton, Conn

WANTED ON dairy between Paterson and
Newark, N. J. Good milker, married;
20 cows, no field work. Good ’wages refer¬
ences required. ADVERTISER 2108, care
Rural New-Yorker.

■ " - ui uiic umu

wanted on small farm. Man experienced
farmer. Wife cooking, serving, and house¬
work. Permanent position for right couple.
Full maintenance. State ages, references,
qualifications, wages expected. RAND
BUTLER JONES, Mystic, Conn.

WANTED BOY helper on farm; $10 month,
good home. KARL FREIMAN, No. Wind¬
ham, Conn.

WANTED — Single woman between ages 35
or 40 to act as housekeeper-manager of
farm home consisting of husband, wife, two
children and farmhand. Good home, good
pay. Write MRS. LOUIS UNTERMEYER,
Elizabethtown, N. Y.

w atm ILL) — Middleaged or past middleaged
housekeeper, on small farm; help milk-
good home, small family. WILLIAM
SCHWILLE, R. D. 1, Stamford, N. Y.

WANTED — Farmhand, must be expert
milker; $60 month, room, board. Refer¬
ences required. ADVERTISER 2062, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Woman to help with canning
and preserving. Will consider mother
with child. Reply ADVERTISER 2064, care
Rural New-Yorker.

x,js.r-r,n.ir,rNL.LL), reierences, white
Protestant; downstairs work and waiting’
Between 20 and 40; sleep in. Good home'
permanent position. Albany, N. Y. ADVER¬
TISER 2110, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, WHITE, under 35; sleep

m. Doctors residence. Girl 8 years. Plain
cooking ADVERTISER 2112, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANT PROTESTANT couple without
children; year round position, in south¬
ern Connecticut. Family home, only
Summers. Must be reliable. Man able to
take charge Winters. Woman, cooking,
serving; modern equipment. Man able to
care for livestock, milk two cows, care
for vegetables, generally handy. Comfort¬
able living quarters in main house; board
and good wages. Write fully stating past
experience, ages and salary desired. Send
snapshots if possible. AVERTISER 2086,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING HERDSMAN, proven ability.

Eastern New York farm producing cer¬
tified milk exclusively. Milking 150 head.
ADVERTISER 2091, care Rural New-Yorker.

JVIIUULKAGED SINGLE farmer to work on
small farm; $20 to start. CARL HAST,
Box 609, R. F. D. 1, Saugerties, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN or married couple to assist

in the operation of a chicken farm with
fruit. Should know machinery and drive
automobile. Living quarters furnished
CHARLES BOMER, Box 111, Rif ton, Ulster
County, New York, Rosendale 3087.

WANTED — Reliable man for farm
milking. Good Wages. CHAS.
FARM, R. D. 1, Eaton, N. Y.

work:

SABIN

DIRT FARMER, to work farm, house and
milk provided. Salary $60 per month.
ADVERTISER 2115, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN — Protestant. Write stating
age, height, weight, experience and salary
expected. ADVERTISER 2088, care Rural
New-Yorker.

AMBITIOUS YOUNG man for retail milk
business. Good opportunity. ADVER¬
TISER 2089, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARMER, must be good milker
and familiar with milking machine. $90,
house and milk. ADVERTISER 2090, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEMAN WANTED, housework, milk¬
ing cow, handy work in Long Island.
Wants good home in preference to high
wages. ADVERTISER 2116, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WOMAN, 30 to 50, share general house¬
work, young couple, child. Start August
1. Only persons wishing permanent job
apply. Snapshot, details. Moderate salary
first year, regular raises. Small house, own
room; Scarsdale, N. Y. ADVERTISER 2128,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN ON dairy farm; $70 per month, house
and privileges. Willing to board help.
$30 per month. BOX 82, New Scotland,
N. Y. Albany County.

COUPLE FOR home in Connecticut. Cook
and housework, gardener and handyman.
State ages, experiences and salary expected
including board. ADVERTISER 2094, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COUPLE, white, for kitchen work
in restaurant; good wages and home.
MRS. C. RIDGWAY, Plainsboro, N. J.
(Club House).

Other Advertisements of Subscriber ’s
Exchange will be found on page 444.

Rural School Notes

Give Us Back Our Rural
Schools

I have read from time to time the
articles on centralization in The
R. N.-Y. Though America is a large
playground, and 'New York is at
present the field of action, do not
all rural farm folk have more or
less the same problems confronting
them today?

Rural education here in Maine has
developed largely into centralization,
resulting in the transportation of
school children to the larger towns,
which have been stabbing many
anxious parents in the rural com¬
munities for the past 20 years.

Farmers have undergone higher
taxes to raise money to build new
school houses in central districts
only to have them closed in a few
years and the little tots transported
to town, and many times parents
chose to sell or close their homes
and move in town to be near a
school, rather than have their
children have bus conveyance.

It has been proven in our town
to many rural parents that though
it is said that village schools have
some advantages over rural schools,
they certainly have their disadvan¬
tages, and many of our rural parents
are not in favor of discarding the
rural schools. They cannot feel that
the larger schools are ahy more
thorough or will fit their youngsters
for their life work any better.

The present method of stuffing
three to eight pages of arithmetic
into a pupil for one lesson, and ex¬
pecting him to digest and remember
it, to pass him through six or seven
books instead of two complete ones,
has a good deal the same effect upon
his mind as a dose of ether. He goes
to sleep and does not feel the pain.
Later when asked how to find the
number of cords in a pile of wood,
or the number of tons of hay in a
mow, his mouth falls open and he
looks at you as if you were a Chinese
puzzle.

It’s like a grammer school graduate
said to me the other day when we
were talking about the school: the
subject was manual training. He
said they were obliged to take it in
the seventh and eighth grades in
town. I asked if they understood it,
if the teacher told them how to read
the square? He answered “Oh, he
told us something about it, but we
went and forgot *it pretty quick.”
Which shows the good of teaching
such young children these things.

As to thoroughness it goes without
saying that a teacher can explain
to two or even five much more
clearly than to 40.- A child of the
age to be in the grade school is
ofttimes too bashful to speak up be¬
fore the whole class and say he
doesn’t understand an example, even
though he has little idea what it
is all about. Therefore it is passed
along, and if he is a good bluffer
he will get by; if not, he will remain
in the same room another year.

As a war defense suggestion, why
should we not pay as much atten¬
tion to the protection of our children,
by protecting them from every
danger in the larger city and town
in time of war, by reopening some
of the closed rural schools, and en¬
larging or building more with better
equipment to meet the needs?

Rural fathers and mothers, think
this over and make your plea. When
the people had the privilege of say¬
ing how and where their money
should be spent, they solved these
problems largely themselves. Today,
under the present form of town
managership, which we find in many
of our larger towns, our tax money
is ruled by the finance commission
alone.

The whole world is clamoring for
more of our young people to stay on
the farms. In my opinion centrali¬
zation is one of the worst moves to
break up rural communities, to
separate father and son, to attract
the young girl into town. It does
more to bring about a misunder¬
standing between the teachers and
parents.

It all tends to tear down what our
forefathers worked and fought for,
our freedom in a beautiful country,
where they could bring up their
families and educate them in peace

and purity, that they might live and
make the world better.

I again say keep our children
pure, lead them not into temptation,
make our country homes attractive
to them, make them keenly feel that
they are receiving just as good as
their city cousins, and enjoying a
far greater richness of freedom, out
in God’s own pure countryside. Give
us back our rural schools.

Maine mrs. f. l. p.

Centralization in Mass.

The problem of district schools
versus a central building has been
on educators’ slates for a number of
years. At present the trend seems
to be toward centralization.

My generation went to school in
a one-room red brick building. It
was heated in Winter by a round
wood stove in the front, and venti¬
lated in Summer by opening the
windows.

There were no modern conveni¬
ences and fresh water had to be
brought in from the nearest house.
There was no school nurse so if the
teacher was not competent to diag-

. nose a child’s flushed face, he was
sent home.

We had a different teacher every
year and each one handled her own
disciplinary measures in her own
way, and I remember spending
several dark hours shut in the supply
closet at various times. Playground
supervision and equipment for slides
or swings were not thought of, and
pom-pom-pull-away was the game
of the day.

My children go to school in a large
four-room building in the center of
the town. Here they enjoy modern
conveniences with bubbling fountains
in the halls, a central heating unit
and playtime supervision on an ade¬
quate playground.

There are two grades to a room
and four teachers for the eight
grades. This in itself is a great ad¬
vantage over the one-room school
where all six grades were taught by
one teacher. Now a teacher can fit
herself for teaching the grades she
is most interested in and devote more
time to training for one or two
grade work.

The principle of the school teaches
the upper two grades and is avail¬
able at all times to help with disci¬
pline if needed, but usually his mere
presence in the building calms the
tricky minded. The superintendent

is able to spend more time in a cen¬
tral building for advisory work in
the educational field than if he tvas
responsible for six or more district
schools in the same area.

The school nurse and the school
doctor are able to put on a much
more effective health program for
the central school than if they had
to divide their time into visits to
seven schools to see the same num¬
ber of pupils.

Certainly the cost of maintaining
one central building can be no more
for a certain number of pupils than
that of keeping in order seven small
buildings for the same number. Al¬
though I have not available figures
for the whole setup, I well remem¬
ber that at the last of the one-room
era, the town was paying a certain
teacher $28 a week to teach seven
pupils in a district school.

As for the Christian way of
managing schools and cooperating
with teachers, that depends on the
town and the school staff. If the
school board hires a Christian
teacher, does it not follow that she
or he will practice his way of living
in the school room. Surely essentials
of character building are taught just
as well in a large building as in a
small one. d. p. h.

Massachusetts.

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V UI. V'. 333 vv. 30th St., New York. Price Fifty Cents a Yeajf. ^ AU^USl i 1^1 1 Offl

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LIBRARY

Photo — P. McCormick Henry, East Falls Church, Va

Yearling Dorset Ram of Prize Parentage

450

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

Do We Cultivate Peaches too Much?

MERICANS are known for their
desire to do well whatever
they undertake — so far as
they can afford. This is par¬
ticularly true of the average
fruit grower. In this endeavor,
however, he sometimes overshoots the mark
— by doing his work “too good.” In the case
of too heavy pruning, this means a marked
decrease in yields; in the case of too much
fertilizer (nitrogen), it usually means a
bigger bill and poor fruit color. With other
practices it may mean reaching the point of
diminishing returns where the practice no
longer pays.

Most peach growers have thought that
cultivation in orchards could not be overdone.
Yet losses from overcultivation can seldom
be measured in terms of immediate crop re¬
turns and therefore are easily overlooked.
But they usually exist, and can be measured
over a longer period of time in terms of in¬
creasing soil loss, decreasing organic matter,
and a shortened productive life for the or¬
chard. Thus we often find the peach grower
who practices too much cultivation in the
position of a man who spends money in order
to lose money.

Not all cultivated orchards are subject to
erosion, but in many peach sections sloping
sites are chosen for fruit planting, because
of favorable air and soil drainage. Nor are
all orchards cultivated, yet clears cultivation
is almost the accepted rule for pe^h trees.
Further, clean cultivation is carried om'ai the
time of year when high intensity rains
thunderstorms that cause most of the soil
losses are apt to occur.

The solution to the foregoing situation is
not as simple as changing from one kind of
spray material to another — or adopting any
single alternative system of culture. Peach
trees have growth habits that differ from
those of other fruits, and may be subject to

By John T. Bregger

sary. But, “let your neighbor worry about
how your orchard looks,” as one horticulturist
has said. And it is sound advice!

Cutting down the number of cultivations
may be accomplished also by shortening the
cultivation season. This practice has been
followed with corn for many years. It isn’t
necessary to cultivate every time the soil
dries up after a rain, or every time the weeds
come up. Cover crop competition may not
obtain until weeds or other cover crops are
high and then, perhaps, only during periods
of dry weather or at times when there is a
large demand for soil moisture by the tree.
If there is competition for nitrogen, it may

Erosion in a clean-cultivated peach orchard.

be more practical to add it as fertilizer than
%> obtain it by breaking down more soil
Nismus by cultivation.

There are commercial peach orchards in
several parts of the country that are bearing
large annual crops without any cultivation
whatever. Thesai^are invariably located on
deep, well-drained, sites and are covered
with shallow-rooted crope^such as the annual
lespedezas that re-seed themselves each year.

greater cover-crop competition at periods of
rapid shoot-growth or fruit enlargement.
Differences in soils and sites may be so great
that practices that may succeed under one
set of conditions will prove harmful under
another. The factor of soil depth may make
possible or impossible the adoption of a soil-
management system that eliminates cultiva¬
tion to any great degree.

Fortunately, commercial peach growers
have in most districts and where it was possi¬
ble, chosen favorable orchard sites which
have reasonably deep and well drained soil.
While certain unfortunate cultivation prac¬
tices, principally up-and-down-hill cultiva-

Halehaven peach orchard in third year. It has
never been cultivated. Trees were hoed then

mulched.

tion, have permitted erosion to destroy, to
a greater or lesser extent, the original depth
and fertility of these sites, they still are
largely usable for peach orchards. Even most
damaged are usually worth saving and build¬
ing back, even at the additional expense
of drastic measures. For instance, mulching
will bring about immediate and complete
erosion control, allowing the roots to occupy
the larger part of the remaining topsoil.

Excessive cultivation is often a result of
ambitious growers and hired men equipped
with tractors and efficient tillage equipment,
than a direct desire to overdo this conventional
practice. Attempting to destroy every last
spear of grass or weed is often followed, too,
from the standpoint of obtaining a pleasing
appearance rather than because it is neces-

In humid sections, it can be assumed that,
in most seasons, the entire soil mass occupied
by the tree roots has reached its field capacity
of moisture by the time growth begins in the
Spring. It would be an unusually dry season
when there is not enough water for the trees
between that stored in the subsoil and the
excess of further rainfall not used by the
cover crop. Actual measurements made, not
only of soil moisture, but of fruit growth,
showed this to be the case in an 18-year old
bearing orchard in South Carolina in 1940, a
year in which there was a 15 -inch rainfall
deficiency at the time of peach harvest. ’While
there actually was less moisture in the soil
down to the 15-inch level in the uncultivated
(lespedeza) plot, the moisture reserve in the
deep subsoil below that level took ample care
of the trees’ needs.

Under mure shallow soil conditions, how¬
ever, such a treatment has been known to
react to the disadvantage of the orchard.
Sometimes mowing will materially cut down
cover-crop utilization of soil moisture to the
extent that fruit trees might not suffer un¬
necessarily from cover-crop competition.

Cultivation seldom needs to be eliminated
completely to control erosion, so, for that
reason, continuous cover cropping is rarely
practiced, even under the favorable deep soil
conditions just described.

The alternatives to frequent and long-
season cultivations are varied and should be
fitted to the local conditions found in each
particular orchard. In the case of young trees,
strip or circle cultivation (hoeing) will cur¬
tail competition for soil moisture and nitrates
within the root zone of the trees without de¬
stroying the cover in the row middles. The
direction of strip cultivation should be as
nearly on the contour as possible, even in a
square planted orchard. This is particularly
important if intercropping is to be practiced.
As the orchard becomes older and larger, the
nature of strip cultivation may change some¬
what, shifting its position from the tree rows
to the middles, while the formerly-cultivated
areas adjacent to the tree rows are left un¬
cultivated and developed as sodded buffer
strips. Sometimes this sequence of cultivated
and uncultivated strips is changed into an
alternate middle pattern.

After the trees reach bearing age, their
roots will occupy a large part of the orchard
area so that fertilizing may be done in the
cultivated middle strips, with less attention
being paid to the condition of the soil beneath
the trees and the spaces between the trees
in the rows.

The type of cultivation is another important
factor in its effect upon soil and moisture
conservation. Not everyone will think at first
that there are significant differences between
a type of cultivation which buries all cover-
crop residues and leaves the ground clean
as compared with one which leaves cover-
crop residues on the soil surface. However,
on these differences may depend the effective¬
ness of erosion control during the periods be¬
tween cover crops. Another desirable effect
of stubble-mulch cultivation is in the higher
organic matter level which can be maintained.
Clean cultivation favors the “burning out”
of humus, particularly during hot weather.

Stubble-mulch cultivation, sometimes called
“duckfoot” or subsurface cultivation, may be
accomplished by almost any orchard imple¬
ment with the exception of a turning plow.
Even when another cover crop is to be planted
immediately, the residue from the previous
crop if left on the surface, favors, rather than
hinders, the germination and growth of the
newly planted seed, because of improved
moisture conditons in the surface soil.

And so, perhaps, we have been cultivating
peach orchards “too much,” at least from the
standpoint of economy and long-time profits!

Connecticut Apple Orchard Survey

In 1940, the Special Apple Marketing Com¬
mittee of the Connecticut Pomological Society
requested that a commercial orchard survey
be made in Connecticut to obtain information
relative to future production trends.

A total of 464 commercial orchards of 100
trees or more were enumerated. Neglected
and abandoned orchards were not included.
The survey shows a total of 312,320 apple
trees of which 85,144 were under ten years
of age and had not yet started to bear. Ap¬
proximately 30,000 commercial apple trees
were lost or badly damaged in Connecticut
by the hurricane of 1938.

The most significant fact brought out by
the survey has been the rapid expansion in
McIntosh plantings, resulting in the displace¬
ment of Baldwins as the leading variety; 37
per cent of McIntosh trees were still of non¬
bearing age, while one-third of all commer¬
cial trees were of that variety. Baldwins had
dropped to second place in number of trees,

Fifteen year old peach orchard in Kentucky (on
deep soil) which has never been grown success¬
fully in continuous cover crop.

15 per cent of which were of non-bearing age.

From the 1940 survey, it is quite evident
that McIntosh production in Connecticut is
due to increase substantially, perhaps by as
much as one-third in another ten years.
Baldwins, on the other hand, may be expected
to decline by about one-fourth during the
same period. Delicious and Cortland produc¬
tion should increase while R. I. Greenings are
expected to decline. It is estimated that de¬
clines in Spy, Wealthy and Gravenstein will
be equalled by increases in Stayman and
Rome. Most Summer varieties and older types
of little prominence will decline generally.
It is probable that there may be increases in
some of the more successful varieties of
McIntosh type. Brainerd T. Peck

17* RURAL NEW-YORKER

451

Successful Co-operative in Mass.

Since the middle of 1939, when the
Cummington, Massachusetts, Producers’ Co¬
operative was organized, its eight members
have steadily and repeatedly proven that
there are markets for wger crops and more
products than their neighbors believed possi¬
ble. It is especially significant that this co¬
operative built up its market demand and
worked out the arrangements to supply it
at a time when the underrated “recession”
had not been forgotten; and long before
the national defense boom was thought of.

The first season’s actual cooperative work
consisted mainly of the operation of an at¬
tractive roadside stand and cider mill. Sale
of products through this method was so en¬
couraging, however, that expansion has been
progressing ever since.

For instance, Samuel A. York,
to whom belongs much of the
credit for the successful founding
of this cooperative, tried an ex¬
periment which many of his
friends looked on skeptically. He
sowed five acres of beans in 1939.

Skeptics wondered what he would
do with the harvest. But they
changed from unbelief to ad¬
miration when Mr. York sent out
truckloads of beans week after
week, and sold nearly every one
at top prices to the A. & P. stores.

Mr. York had long felt sure
that a market was open for all
the farm products that he and
the other members could raise,
once the quality became known.

His success proved it and the
following year he planted 20
acres of beans.

Before the 1940 season, the
members, Thomas F. Whitbread, Francis R.
Wells, Russell L. Sears, Leslie W. Joyner,
William M. Harlow, Leon A. Stevens, William
S. Gabb, and Mr. York, voted to continue
the roadside stand, but also to operate a pro¬
duce truck going to such major markets as
New York and Springfield. For a steady flow
to these markets, as well as for local sales,
it was agreed to concentrate on corn, string
and shell beans, strawberries, raspberries,
carrots, turnips, and maple syrup. In market¬
ing them for the individual members, but in
large collective quantities, the cooperative
has used careful selection and grading so
as to command the top prices paid by the
metropolitan markets for quality.

Thus the problem became not one of find¬
ing the markets, but of raising enough
volume so that transportation costs would be
easily paid. Through this cooperative plan the
marketing truck is filled several times a
week, thus tremendously cutting the cost of
transportation for each individual. Formerly
the members now in the group had to make
separate trips, often with less than a full
load, which took a heavy toll of the profits.

Mr. York’s preliminary success
with his bean crop proved equally
profitable for the other members.

The produce truck made an aver¬
age of three trips to New York
last year, carrying principally
beans. When the corn was ready,
four trips were made to Spring-
field.

Another result of the formation
of this group has been the en¬
couragement of diversification in
farming. As Mr. Whitbread
pointed out at one of the meet¬
ings, many farmers have gotten
into the habit of concentrating on
one cash product, and buying al¬
most everything else they need.

They can, however, he went on,
save money by making themselves
more self-sufficient. Many of the
things they have become ac¬
customed to buying can be raised
at a considerable saving without
losing any of the profits from the
cash crops. The collective market¬
ing system worked out by the
Cummington Cooperative has not
only cut transportation costs; it
has opened up new marketing
opportunities, both through the

roadside stand, and the previously mentioned
wholesale markets; and it has given the
members more time to concentrate on their
crop development, time which formerly would
have to be spent in marketing, and a lower
rate of profit, at that.

For a pleasing appearance and low cost of
materials, standard containers have been pur¬
chased for syrup, baskets for the various
vegetables sold, and jelly and preserve
glasses of uniform character and uniform
labels. Further variety came in good sized
sales of homemade bread and cakes.

While the bulk of the Cummington Co¬
operative sales has been and will continue
to be through its quantity-combined-with-
quality turnover in the wholesale markets,
the value of the roadside stand must not be
overlooked. It was this, the initial venture,

that gave the group its starting impetus. On
Route No. 9, the scenic Berkshire Trail, it
has been patronized by thousands of motor¬
ists. Now when motorists stop, even from
long distances, the attendant can truthfully
tell them that the vegetables they buy in their
home community may have been grown by
members of the Cummington Producers’
Cooperative.

1941 plans have called for continued opera¬
tion of the roadside stand, and continued
efforts to increase the wholesale market out¬
put. A rather strange situation has arisen here.
It appears now that due to the lack of capa¬
ble farm labor caused by the present emer¬
gency, expansion will be on a smaller scale
than otherwise would be possible. In other
words the Cummington Producers’ Coopera¬
tive, which created much of its demand during
a period of economic slackening, is now par¬
tially, at least, unable to take full advantage
of the nation’s increasing buying power.

Nevertheless, for both national defense and
increasing of wholesale supplies, the members
are going to do everything within their power
to increase production. D. P. Campbell

Harvesting the Grain

Once more the noise of the harvesting ma¬
chinery is to be heard in the grain fields of
Western New York. On more and more of
the farms of this section the voice of the trac¬
tor is added to that of the self binder or
combine as the case may be. It is surprising
to note as we travel farther west through the
Corn Belt and on into the wheat country, that
a growing number cf farmers are raising their
big Belgian and Percheron horses for power
on their binders, quite the opposite from
what we of Western New York might natu¬
rally expect. Whether this is due to the larger
number of good heavy horses prevailing in
the Middle West, or because it is considered
to be more economical than tractor drawn
machines, I am at a loss to conclude. However
I am quite positive that many
farms in this part of the State do
not have sufficient horsepower to
haul an eight foot, or even a six
foot cut binder. In fact several
farmers in this community have
replaced all their horses with
tractor machinery. Others there
are who still feel that there is
certainly a place for a good team
on the ordinary farm.

Another subject for discussion
is the advantage or otherwise, of
using a modern combine for har¬
vesting our grain crops in the east,
instead of the self binder, whereas
in the far west there is no ques¬
tion at all as to which is the
more practical, due to the differ¬
ence in climatic conditions in an
average season. There are argu¬
ments on both sides of this ques¬
tion and usually the advocates of.
either method are quite positive
in their opinion relative to the merits of the
two methods.

Those who have purchased combines in
recent years, make strong claims for the more
economical features to be found in using the
combine. Among the arguments they claim
in favor of combining their grain, is that it
does away with all the expense for twine, the
labor of “shocking” or setting up the grain,
the loading and hauling it into the barn or
stack, as the case may be, and then pitching
it out again at threshing time.

On the other hand the grain must be much
dryer for combining than for binding, other¬
wise trouble in the storage bins is sure to
develop. In order to arrive at this condition,
the standing grain must be dead ripe and dry,
this encourages more shattering and shelling
of the grain than is the case with the self
binder, which is really the strongest argument
in favor of the old-fashioned way.

One of the strong talking points used by
the friends of the combines is that the straw
is left right on the ground in the field, evenly
distributed and ready to be plowed under the
following Spring. The advantages of this
system are sometimes question¬
able. The kind of weather or
amount of rainfall during the
Spring and early Summer will
decide for us whether this is an
advantage or a handicap. With
an early Spring and below normal
rainfall it is a real advantage.
But if the conditions are reversed
it means that we are delayed in
getting on the land until it may
become a serious matter, for the
mulch resulting from the layer of
straw retards evaporation and
therefore conserves moisture to
a large extent.

Another factor that enters into
the picture, is the lack of straw
for use in and around the barn or
stable. To overcome this handi¬
cap, the straw may be raked up
and drawn in loose, using a hay
loader and slings, or saved with
a pick-up baler. Either method
involves considerable labor and
expense, which quite possibly may
offset the benefits secured in
eliminating the old-fashioned stor¬
ing of the entire crop in the barn
or stack and later on threshing
it out. Irving C. H. Cook

Six members of the Cummington Producers’ Cooperative at a meeting
held at the home of Mr. Thomas F. Whitbread, studying crop expaiision.
Mr. Whitbread is standing in back. The others, left to right are: William
M. Harlow, Samuel A. York, Leslie W. Joyner, Russell L. Sears, and.
Francis R. Wells. Two other members, Leon A. Stevens, and. William S.
Gabb, were not present when this picture was taken.

Photo — C. Wesley Dingman, Palmer, Mass.

A pretty good stand of corn on an Otsego County, New York, farm

near Hartwick.

452

fbe RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

the smoother
performance of

*0440 0*4 ve

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you drive a new Dodge
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with motordom’s newest
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a car you’ll want to own.

DEPEND ON DODGE^j^tSv^^ TRUCKS

There’s a right time to harvest
your grain — and a right time to
buy the new truck you need.
That’s right now! Let your Dodge
dealer show you features that make
Dodge Job-Rated trucks depend¬
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of farmers. Let him show you how
little it costs to fit a new Dodge
Job-Rated truck to the job on
your farm ... to save you money.
See him for a generous trade-in
allowance and easy budget terms.
See him this week!

Prices and specifications subject to
change without notice .

BECAUSE OF

CHRYSLER

CORPORATION

ENGINEERING

SOLVE your “feed and water” problems — build your own trench silo and
stock pond — improve your farm the easy, low-cost way; with a
Killefer Farm Scraper. The Killefer is a one-man outfit that will handle
all your earth-moving jobs. It’s tractor-controlled and well constructed.
There is a 3-1/2-foot and a 5-foot model (capacity 10-1/2 and 15 cubic
feet) to match your tractor power.

SEE YOUR NEAREST JOHN DEERE DEALER

THE GLADIOLUS

By Forman T. McLean

A new book for the home gardener.

(tO f\f\ New York City residents
rlKef AtvU add 2% for Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W. 30th Street New York City

YORKWIN WHEAT (white)
NURED WHEAT (red)

RYE and other seasonal seeds for
August and September sowing.
Headquarters for Quality Farm Seeds.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGROWER

Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

Western New York News

Horticulture

The direct seeding of tomatoes in
the field without transplanting has
been advised by specialists at the
State Experiment Station at Geneva
as one means of meeting the demand
for an increase of 50 per cent in
the production of canned tomatoes
this season.

Directly faced with a shortage
of pickers, indications are that
Wayne County cherry growers will
turn to 14-16 year old labor, nor¬
mally not desired by them, at wages
almost double. At the height of the
season Wayne County growers em¬
ploy 2,500 pickers. Wages averaged
three-quarters of a cent per pound
last year of cherries picked.

Manufacturers in Western New
York of concentrated fruit juices are
expectmg legislation for a greater
use of grape and other fruit juices
in the Navy. Under a proposed
amendment to the Navy Ration Act,
six ounces of canned fruit or tomato
juice or one ounce of powdered fruit
juices or six-tenths of an onuce of
concentrated fruit juices is to be in¬
cluded in the daily ration of a sailor.

The Mexican bean beetle, is
presenting a real agricultural prob¬
lem in Wyoming County this year
for the first time. As a preventive
measure more than 500 acres were
sprayed and dusted.

Weather conditions have caused the
yield of onions around Canastota to
be a bit less this season. The average
yield is a car an acre, but this year
the average is expected to be no
more than three-quarters of a car
per acre.

Livestock and Dairy

Seneca County Sheep Growers’
Association dipped nearly 3,000 head
of sheep this year with a portable
dipping vat now in its third season
of operation. This represents nearly
one-third of the sheep population in
Seneca County.

John M. Griffith, 14, Seneca
Castle, has been presented with an
Ayrshire calf by the Geneva Kiwanis
organization. Griffith was selected
for being an outstanding student in
the agricultural class at the Geneva
High School. This is the thrid ani¬
mal to be presented in the club’s
annual program.

Tripling its number of producers
as well as the volume of milk
handlers, the Chenango Valley Farm¬
ers’ Cooperative, Inc., observed its
first anniversary June 1. Opening
with 38 member producers and 233
cans of milk, the number of pro¬
ducers has increased to 107 and the
volume of milk to 678 cans.

High herd for April in New York
dairy herd improvement associations
is owned by Elmer Marshfield of
Marcellus, Onondaga County. His 17
cows averaged 1,998 pounds of milk
and 66 pounds of butterfat. This is
the fourth consecutive month that
Marshfields’s herd has been high in
the State.

Twenty-five acres of soybeans have
been planted on the farm of K. A.
Christopher near Jordan. It required
about 40 minutes to innoculate the
seed and two and one-half hours to
plant it. Mr. Christopher has 95
acres of soybeans and expects a
yield of 30 to 40 bushels an acre.
He predicts what cotton is to the
South, soybeans wil become to the
North. p. b. o.

If Ruptured
Try This Out

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Comfort and Holding Security

Without Tortuous Truss Wearing

An "eye-opening” revelation in sensible and
comfortable reducible rupture protection may
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details of the new and different Rice Method
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Support that has brought joy and comfort to
thousands — by releasing them from Trusses
with springs and straps, that bind and cut. De¬
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where it belongs and yet give freedom of body
and genuine comfort. For complete information
—write today !

Delmarva

The first month of Summer saw
the heaviest movement of broilers
that has ever taken place on
Delmarva in 30 days. Houses have
been restocked and more than ever
are now' on hand. Hatcheries are
booked for months ahead. New
England supplies most of these eggs
for cross bred broilers. A number
are shipped in from the West. Per¬
haps 15 per cent of our supply is
produced locally. Those shipped in
now cost 60 cents a dozen. Hatcheries
at present are paying local producers
48 cents a dozen for accepted eggs.
Grading is very severe.

Propaganda aimed at increasing
local production of hatching eggs has
not yet been very effective. Those
who try it seem to think they are
just as well off producing eating eggs
now that the market has improved.
Officila culling, testing, inoculating
and banding cost a lot of money.
Hatcheries insist on a large ratio of
approved males in flocks and want
birds fed a high-priced special ration.
A very considerable extra outlay
must be made before acceptable
eggs are produced.

The broiler boom is so much the
work of non-farmer outsiders that
land owning dirt farmers feel un¬
comfortable about the whole busi¬
ness. One of the country’s largest
packers has announced its intention
to operate a mammoth hatchery here.
A dismissed politician has 10,000
turkey poults on one farm. He is
said to have a million broilers out
in addition. These birds are not on
his land. Either by weekly pay¬
ments or by shares farmers are in¬
duced to cooperate with land and
buildings. These mammoth opera¬
tors are not approved by small
farmers and they are to blame for
keeping markets oversupplied. C.

Suffolk County Fair

Cort R. Hincken, secretary-
manager, announces that this year’s
program for the 89th Annual Suffolk
County Fair at Riverhead, Long
Island, will be one of the most at¬
tractive ever arranged by the Fair
authorities. The dates are Septem¬
ber 1-6.

The theme of the Fair is “Pre¬
paredness for Defense” and on
Tuesday, the second day of the Fair,
those in charge have arranged for
the largest array of soldiers and
equipment ever seen on Long Island
at a public gathering. On Monday,
September 1, there will be auto¬
mobile racing. Wednesday, known
as Grange and Farmers’ Day, will
see the first day of harness racing
which will also be held on Thursday,
Public Officials Day. On this day
District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey
will speak. Also on Thursday the
livestock parade and judging will
be held.

Premiums have been raised in a
great many departments, new classes
added to the old list and several new
departments added. Mr. Hincken
announces that competition is once
again “open to the world.”

Cfrawhprro Plante Be8t Varieties. Catalog Free.

OIIdWDcUy nanis Basil Perry. Georgetown, Del.

WILLIAM S. RICE, Inc.
Dept. 64- A, Adams, N. Y.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, AUG. 9, 1941
FARM TOPICS

Successful Co-operative in Mass . 451

Western New York News . 452

Delmarva . 452

News From New Jersey . 454

Countryman’s Journal . 454

Labor-Saving Machinery . 456

A Slick G.L.F. Trick . 457

Farm Survey Results . 457

HORTICULTURE

Do We Cultivate Peaches Too Much? 450

Harvesting the Grain . 451

On the Use of Peat . 453

Wildflower Protection in Western N. Y. 455

Stand 3y and Help . 456

Fruit Grading Standards . 457

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

New Milk Hearings . 456

The Fifth Columns Here . 457

$8,200 in Milk Bribes . 457

1941 New York State Fair . 458

More News About "Trixie” . 459

Protein in Grains . 459

New Jersey Winners . 459

Live Stock Sales . 459

Silage From Bushes . 465

Community Butchering Service . 465

Goats and Hog Cholera . 465

WOMAN AND HOME

From the Little Brown House . 460

Last Call for the R. N.-Y. Crochet

Contest . 460

Blueberry Recipes . 461

Summer Trips . 461

Breakfast — Day’s Most Important Meal 461

THE HENYARD

Broodiness in Hens . 457

Summer Management of Layers . 463

Probable Coccidiosis . 464

Feeding Turkeys . 464

MISCELLANEOUS

Suffolk County Fair . 452

Market News and Prices . 463

Publisher’s Desk . 466

453

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9 ,r *) «9 »*i V MV

Jhe RURAL.

NEW-YORKER

On the Use of Peat

I have just read with a great deal
of interest the article in the June
28 issue of The Rural New-Yorker
on “Peat — Its Nature and Value to
Horticulture.” The article itself is
excellently written and the data that
it contains is splendidly presented in
understandable language. I would
like to see more of such articles
appear in the garden and farm pa¬
pers on this subject.

I have been a strong advocate for
many years of the principle that
peat should be marketed under the
classification of its botanical deri¬
vation, and have so contended to the
Federal Trade Commission and the
U. S. Department of Agriculture and
to all others that would listen to us.

In other words, it is my contention
that there is an excellent market for
many different types of - peat, par¬
ticularly in the agricultural or horti¬
cultural field, but the customer or
user is entitled to have some stand¬
ard or measure of what he may ex¬
pect when he buys. Peat moss or
moss peat should only be used as
a mark of identification when peats
are more than 75 per cent of sphagum
derivation. Sedge, reed, heather, saw
grass and woody peats should like¬
wise be marketed and classified in
a similar manner.

During the last two years when
imported peats were off the market,
the greatest assortment of peaty ma¬
terials at all times have been offered
the public under the name of peat
moss, resulting in a loss of favor
in many instances in the eyes of the
consumer.

If everyone could be as interested
in peat and its use and would read
this article in the June 28 Rural
New-Yorker, it would certainly go
a long way towards cleaning up
the misunderstanding that people
have of peat. m. t. g.

New York

In reference to the development
of domestic supplies of peat, a word
of caution should be given to any
who have a bog, swamp, or so-
called peat or “humus” deposit on
their land, so that they do not think
they have a veritable gold mine. For
their own use, such a deposit is fine,
but when it comes to developing a
bog for commercial purposes and
marketing it, it is a risky business
and requires a large outlay of
capital, research, drainage, and so
on.

I have had business dealings with
the few large peat producers in New
Jersey, Florida, and Michigan, and
with a few small outfits in Connecti¬
cut, Massachusetts, and New York.
Only a very few are actually on a
commercial production basis, operat¬
ing at a profit. So far as I know,
there is today only one concern
putting out a baled sphagnum peat
which is as good as or better than
the impoi'ted material. c. k. b.

New Jersey

The words of warning by C. K. B.
on developing a peat bog as a com¬
mercial venture are well taken. Peat
is a bulky, low-price product, and
the high cost of handling and of
transportation are the biggest items
in the price. As C. K. B. suggests,
however, anyone who has a bog for
his own use can, by utilizing labor
at odd times, employ the material to
good advantage himself or locally.
Many are already doing this, and
many more could do so. There is
a growing need for organic matter
in American soils, and the peat bogs
scattered throughout the country are
likely sources of supply, worth de¬
veloping so far as possible. As for
the gardener, plant propagator,
nurseryman, greenskeeper — all these
find peat a great asset. h. b. t.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

Aug. 18-23— New York State Fruit
Growers’ Tour.

Aug. 24-Sept. 1 — New York State
Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

Sept. 10-24. — New York County
Fair, Madison Square Garden, New
York City.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

Oct. 11-18 — National Dairy Shqw,
Memphis, Tenn.

WHY

WE DON’T TALK ABOUT
NUTS AND BOLTS

Nuts and bolts are nice. And
necessary. They make a ma¬
chine work. But they don’t make it
perform.

What makes a machine perform i3
an idea.

Our idea is that a farming machine
ought not to be so highly specialized
that a man has to do his farming to fit
his machine.

Where does it get you to have a
machine built specially to do light
work economically, hut without the
guts to do your heavy work?

Or to invest in one that is so hopped
up in power and weight in order to do
heavy work that it is too costly to run
for light work and chores?

Our idea is that you ought to
he able to do both light and
heavy work, economically, with one
and the same machine.

That’s where the Ferguson System
comes in. It’s an idea bigger than all
the nuts and holts in the world. It
gives this light machine the capacity
for very heavy work with a power plant
that is really economical to run'.

That’s why, when we ask you for the
chance to demonstrate, we don’t put
any strings on it. We say: You pick the
spot, whether it’s breaking ten-year
sod or garden-patch cultivating.

We don't say: Surely one of
these many special machines
we have to offer will fit what you are
doing, this year.

We do say: The Ford Tractor with
Ferguson System will do all the kinds
of work you have to do this year , and all
that you may want to do next year.
And it will do them so cheaply that you
can make mouey.

This can be proved. You name the
spot.

The Ford Tractor with Ferguson
System is sold nationally by the
Ferguson -Sherman Manufacturing
Corporation, Dearborn, Mich.,
and distributed through dealers
in every part of the country.

The Ferguson Mower cuts large or small fields and odd cor¬
ners. Easy to operate. Finger tip hydraulic control of Fer¬
guson Implements takes the drudgery out of farm work.

454

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

In cold weather, a once-a-day fill of cold
water wastes the food which steers
must "burn” to warm the water. Fre¬
quent or constant access to water, as
made possible by an automatic water
system, eliminates this waste . . . re¬
duces labor cost, too.

Fairbanks-Morse Deep Well Ejec¬
tor Water Systems need not be
placed over the well. Have only
one moving part. Vi- to 5-hp. motor
sizes.

00 C/&U

Keeping fresh water before the birds
at all times is important to their health
and to egg production. But it’s often
one of the big jobs in poultry keeping.
To insure against the losses that result
from inadequate watering or excessive
labor, install a dependable water system.

F-M Shallow Well Ejector Systems
come ready to plug in — complete
with pressure tank, electric motor,
all automatic controls, and pump-
to-tank piping. 290 to 800 g.p.h.

Arrange to have ample water on tap
wherever it will lighten labor ... in
water cups or tanks ... in the milk-
house ... in the milking barn for wash¬
ing floors. At low cost a modern water
system will supply water abundantly,
automatically . . . will save hours of
time for more profitable work.

F-M De Luxe Shallow Well System
— ready to plug in. Fully auto¬
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gallons per hour (displacement),
with 32-, 42- or 70-gallon pressure
tank.

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OTHER F-IVI FARM EQUIPMENT

Light Plants.

Capacities from
600 watts up, for
generating A.C.
or D.C.

Washers. Easy
on clothes, low
power consump¬
tion, fast wash¬
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"Z” engines. For

driving pump

SEND FOR THIS

?/iee

WATER SYSTEM MANUAL

Tells in nontechnical terms
how to select, install, and op¬
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tion at minimum cost. Mark coupon for free copy.

Mi...

V V/

jacks, milking
machines, saws,
hoists, etc. 2- to
17-hp.

TOi

Fairbanks, Morse & Co., Dept. H126
80 Broad St., New York, N. Y.

□ Please send, without cost or obligation to
me, a copy of the F-M Manual on the Selec¬
tion, Installation, and Operation of Home
Water Systems.

□ Send information on F-M equipment as

follows: _

Name _ _

Address _

City _ State -

News From New Jersey

Crop conditions in New Jersey-
have improved greatly during the
last month and fair yields are being
reported of all fruits and vegetables
that were being harvested during
July. Hay crops in general have been
good and all yields have been up
to the expected average.

Fairly heavy shipments of early
tomatoes, beans, eggplants, cucum¬
bers, lettuce, onions and peppers are
reported from all sections in the
central and southern portion of New
Jersey. Fruit crops of all kinds look
promising. The New Jersey peach
crop is estimated at 1,461,000 bushels
as compared with 1,494,000 bushels
harvested in 1940 and the 10-year
average 1930-39, of 1,252,000 bushels.
The indicated total production of
apples, pears, cherries, and plums is
slightly lower than last year. Small
fruits are in good condition with
prospects for raspberries, black¬
berries, and miscellaneous crops
good.

Light harvesting of cantaloupes in
Gloucester and Salem Counties is
anticipated during the next week or
10 days. The condition of the crop
is reported to be generally good,
with the acreage approximately the
same. Harvesting of white potatoes
has been held up somewhat by wet
fields and rains. General movement
is expected as soon as the weather
becomes favorable. Early digging
indicates good size and fine quality
but yields are expected to be lighter
than last season.

Range Poultry Need Care

Thousands of pullets now turned
out on farm range will form the
bulk of next Winter’s laying flocks
and therefore deserve the best possi¬
ble care. It is rather easy to neglect
the young stock out-of-doors, but
experience shows it to be a bad
policy. A steady growth of the pullets
up to maturity is much to be de¬
sired and can only be obtained by
proper management.

Assuming that the birds have been
provided with a grass and clover
sod to range on, there are some other
provisions which can be made for
their comfort and proper growth.
Chief among these is a constant
supply of fresh clean water at all
times. The easiest way to supply
this water is by piping it directly to
the range — this saves a large amount
of labor, and provides water at all
times. If possible, place the drinking
founts in the shade and place them
on a hardware cloth to prevent
contamination.

Woman’s Farm Market Reopens

With $680 to add to last year’s
earnings, members of the Atlantic
Farm Woman’s Cooperative Market
Association — 30 women who organ¬
ized the first market of its kind in
New Jersey at Pleasantville, last year
to supplement inadequate farm in¬
comes — are confident of another
successful season. The women have
gone back to their self-appointed
jobs of supplying Atlantic County
residents and week-end visitors with
fresh fruits and vegetables, pies,
cakes, specialty dishes ' and other
home products. Open each Saturday,
the market took in $196 the first

day, $230 the second Saturday and
$253.81 the next Saturday. Last year,
the market brought a total of $7,500,
which was used to bolster farm in¬
comes and to raise home living
standards. New kitchen equipment
and receipts for paid bills are among
the prized possessions the market’s
returns have brought its members.

To Prevent Sweet Potato Rot

Soft rot disease of sweet potatoes
which frequently makes its appear¬
ance during the journey from the
storage house to the dinner table,
can be almost entirely prevented by
dipping the sweet potatoes in a borax
solution.

As much as 50 per cent of some
lots of sweet potatoes have been
known to be spoiled by the soft rot
disease. Due to the danger of the
disease’s curtailing the industry, the
experiment station at Rutger’s Uni¬
versity conducted an extensive ex¬
periment to find a satisfactory method
of correcting the situation.

Not only does this dip treatment
greatly reduce the likelihood of soft
rot developing in the treated sweet
potatoes, but it makes the potatoes
more attractive in appearance. Es¬
pecially where oil is used in combin¬
ation with the borax solution, treated
potatoes have a deeper golden color
than do untreated potatoes.

New Jersey County Fair Dates

Nine of New Jersey’s progressive
counties' have completed arrange¬
ments for a series of entertaining
county fairs. The association com¬
posed of these counties offered to
admit all soldiers in uniform free of
any charge and will provide them
with free tickets, according to a
recent statement of Major E. B.
Allen, president of the Association.

Dates and places for the county
fairs and state fair will be as follows:
Sussex County Farm and Horse
Show, August 7-9, Branchville;
Warren County Fair, August 12-16,
Hackettstown; Ringoes Grange Fair,
August 13-16, Ringoes; South Jersey
Agricultural Fair, August 14-16,
Pitman; Morris County Fair, August
19-23, Troy Hills; Flemington Fair,
August 26-September 1, Flemington;
Atlantic County Agricultural Fair,
August 27-30, Egg Harbor City;
Middlesex County Fair, September
10-13, Milltown; New Jersey State
Fair, September 21-27, Trenton.

Remedies for Flea Beetles

Flea beetles are numerous on
tomatoes, eggplants, and many other
vegetable crops in the field. A num¬
ber of controls recommended are
available. One is the use of a 20-80
copper lime dusting mixture thor¬
oughly coating the leaves of the
plant. Another is the use of a 3-4-50
liquid homemade bordeaux mixture
applied so that it entirely covers the
leaf surface of the plant. Bordeaux
mixture is often used as a control
for leaf blights. Derris dust contain¬
ing three-quarters of one per cent
of Rotenone has been found to be
effective, as well as heavy applica¬
tions of either hydrated lime or talc.

Countryman’s Journal

As this is written in mid-July we
have had two grand weeks for hay¬
ing. In spite of a very dry May,
there is a pretty good crop. It is
noticeable that more and more
farmers are harvesting hay early
when the food value is greatest.

The Latham and Taylor rasp¬
berries are at their height right now,
and what we began to surmise last
year is proving out in our opinion.
On our heavy soil, the Taylor is a
better berry. The flavor is more
delicious; the berries are larger and
juicier. Furthermore there was al¬
most no winter-killing of the Taylor
canes, and there was a good deal in
the Latham.

We have run various fertilzer ex¬
periments on tomatoes during the
last nine seasons, and have come to
the conclusion that it pays to top
dress two or three times during the
season with a general fertilizer. I
scatter half a cupful of 5-8-7 in a
circle around the plant and hoe it
immediately into the soil. Inciden¬

tally, it pays to do the same for
gladiolus and zinnias, except we
use a smaller amount of fertilizer.

The next time you are out riding,
watch the farm homes you pass and
see the differences in looks of the
places. Over the years, I am sure
there is a gradual improvement.
There are more lawns and shrubs
and trees. Farm families are taking
more pride in the looks of the farm¬
stead. A reasonable size lawn plus
trees and shrubs doesn’t add very
much work. If money is scarce, you
can get trees and shrubs from your
own woodland. God meant the
country to be beautiful, and we can
do our part to make it so.

I always think of what a witty
farm wife once said in a Grange
meeting. ‘‘If a farmer wants to keep
his machinery and broken down
equipment out of doors, that’s his
business. He probably figures the
overhead is less! But at least, he can
keep his things and all the junk
around back of the barn where
everyone won’t see it!” h. s. p.

Massachusetts

<Ibt RURAL NEW-YORKER

455

Wildflower Protection in
Western New York

That trailing arbutus is not to
be picked is beginning to be generally
understood; in tact to most of us it
is non-existent anyway. Orchids,
too, are generally recognized as rem¬
nants of a vanishing race; but that
many another woodland wildflower
is in danger of extinction seems too
little known. In ever-widening
zones about the cities and towns, the
lovelier wildings are disappearing
while fields and roadsides display
ever more of the troublesome weeds
that have greater persistence and
adaptability. No greater service to
our vanishing wildflowers can be
given than the preservation now of
still unspoiled areas where they are
still growing.

The Sanctuary Society of Western
New York, affiliated with the Buffalo
Society of Natural Sciences and with
the Conservation Forum, has pur¬
chased an upland bog in the town
of Concord where grow many species
of orchids as well as a host of other
rare plants, thus assuring their
perpetuation. The Society has also
purchased just recently an 80 acre
plot at the junction of picturesque
Cattaraugus Creek and one of its
tributaries; here a wide variety of
woodland and streamside wildflowers
are now assured permanent
sanctuary.

At the same time there are many
outstanding bits of wilderness from
which are being picked, dug or other¬
wise destroyed the very species
which these are designed to save.
What can we do about it? We should
like, of course, to form a sanctuary
society of our own and add to the
areas of complete protection, but
this it not the only thing we can
do. We can become familiar with
the woodland plants, learn to dis¬
criminate between the rare and the
abundant, and encourage our army
of scouts, campers and school
children to leave unmolested those
wildings whose disappearance is
threatened. In response to an ever
increasing demand from teachers
and youth leaders the following in¬
formation has been assembled for
the Western New York region; and
many copies have been distributed
by the education committee of the
Conservation Forum. For other lo¬
cations revisions by local naturalists
would increase its usefulness. It
will be seen that no attempt has
been made to present exhaustive
lists, the purpose being rather to

mention only such flowers as can be
studied by any group of beginners
in a single Spring and Summer.
Though • one may not be able to
see all in the field, the appearance
and habitat of all may be learned
by supplementing field study with
some of the excellent books available.

1. Under special protection of
New York State law are the follow¬
ing;

Lady Slipper, (all species); Orchid,
(all species); Trailing Arbutus — •
Epigaea repens; Fringed Gentian —
Gentiana crinita; Closed Gentian — G.
Andrewsii; Dogwood — Cornus
florida; Laurel — Kalmia latifolia;
and Ferns.

2. The following native plants,
with others less well known, are in
decided danger of extermination
where accessible and should not be
picked:

Azalea, Bittersweet, Bloodroot,
Bell wort, Butterfly Weed, Cardinal
Flower, Clematis, Dutchman’s
Breeches, Globe Flower, Ginseng,
Golden Seal, Ground Pine, Harebell,
Honeysuckle, Indian Pipe, Jack-in-
the-pulpit, Lobelia, Partridgeberry,
Phlox, Pitcher Plant, Skullcap,
Solomon’s Seal, Squirrel Corn, Rho¬
dodendron, Troutlily, Trillium, Vio¬
lets (except stemless) , Virginia Blue¬
bell, Water Lily, Wild Lily, Wild
Rose (state flower), Winterberry,
and Winter green.

3. Outside these lists are many
wild flowers of beauty and interest.
They may be sparingly picked
where found in abundance provided
that permission of the owner or
occupant is secured. They may not
be picked in parks or scantuaries.
Permission to hike through woods
should not be assumed to include
permission to pick flowers. Flowers
abundant in some sections may be
almost wanting in others. None
should be picked unless others of
its kind are left unmolested in its
immediate neighborhood. Large
groups should be particularly scru¬
pulous. With these restrictions the
following may be picked:

Anemone, Arrow-wood, Beard-
Tongue, Columbine, Hepatica, Marsh
Marigold, Mandrake, Milkwort, Shad,
Speedwell, Touch-me-not, Tooth-
wort, Vervain, Violets (stemless),
and Witch Hazel.

5. Common roadside weeds may
be freely picked. Among them are
the following:

Asters, Bouncing Bet, Buttercup,
Chicory, Coltsfoot, Daisies, Dande¬
lion, Goldenrod, Hawkweed, Mustard,
and Wild Carrot. Mabel H. James

Typical New York Harvest

Photo — Lorraine Garrett. Medina, N. Y.

The wheat headed out well on this Western New York farm and the reaper

is now at work.

Check this or
your shopping list
the next time you
drive into town —
Gulflube Motor Oil, the econom¬
ical oil that has more than enough
strength and “staying powers” to
do the toughest job !

Just remember to see your
Good Gulf Man. He has plenty
of Gulflube in the handy five-
gallon steel pails and in other con¬
venient sizes.

And you can count on this — in
your own car, in your tractor, or

for lubricating any of your farm
machinery, pumps, etc. — this oil
will deliver! Thousands of farmers
swear by it !

That’s because Gulflube has
been refined from choice crudes,
by a double solvent process that
takes out more of the sludge-
makers before you ever use it.

And don’t forget, your Good
Gulf Man has a full line of fuels,
lubricants, and specialties for farm
use. Why not take your trade to
him now? He’s a mighty handy fel¬
low to know in your community!

GULFLUBE MOTOR OIL

Gulf products popular on farm and ranch :

Gulf Livestock Spray, Gulflex Waterproof Grease,
Gulflex Chassis Lubricants, Gulflex Wheel Bear¬
ing Grease, Gulf Transgear Lubricants, E.P.

456

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established isso

Published Bi-Weekly by the Bnral Publishing Co., Inc. 383 West 80th Si., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworth, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Royle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

Labor-Saving Machinery

ARMIES move on their stomachs. Whether
they are part of the civilian battalions
behind the lines or actually engaged in mili¬
tary operations in the front line trenches,
armies must be fed as well as armed. A few
months ago, we emphasized that the produc¬
tion of butter was just as vital a necessity in
building up our national defense as was the
manufacture of guns and that the Priorities
Board should therefore apportion adequate
supplies to manufacturers of farm machinery.

Recently, however, conditions have become
even more acute and still nothing is being
done, aside from general assurances, to bal¬
ance the disproportion that now exists. There
is a lot of talk about farm price parity and
raising of farm prices by Congressional edict.
Such measures will aggravate the situation
and cause unrest, not only by raising the old
cry of High Cost of Living, but also because
such measures will be futile in supplying an
adequate amount of foodstuffs from our farms.

The earth of America is rich. American
farmers have always been this country’s
staunchest workers and patriots. This patriot¬
ism and willingness to produce the necessary
abundance are, however, being effectively
choked by the shortage of farm machinery
supplies. Today, farm labor is at a premium.
In many sections it cannot be had for any
price. In an effort to answer the call for
national defense, farmers must turn to labor-
saving machines which will enable them to
accomplish the maximum amount of work
with a minimum of hired help. As a result,
there has been during recent months an ex¬
ceptional demand for tractors, milking ma¬
chines and many other kinds of farm imple¬
ments. Unfortunately, these manufacturers
have found it difficult, if not impossible, to
supply demands because they have been un¬
able to secure sufficient amounts of steel,
copper, aluminum and other raw material.
With the labor shortage going more acute
each day, these demands by farmers for
labor-saving machinery will also grow in the
same proportion. If the need cannot be met
by manufacturers, farmers will not be able
to produce the required amount of foodstuffs
for the nation. Serious and immediate
thought and action should be given to this
problem by the authorities who have been
charged with the responsibility and the
success of this country’s defense program.

Stand by and Help

*<T F things were only worse they might
*■* get better” is another way of saying
that it’s the squeaking wheel that gets the
grease. And obviously if a wheel does not
squeak or if things do not get bad enough,
there may be no corrective treatment and a
situation may go from bad to worse to lead
to disaster.

Unfortunately as judged by this standard,
fruit growers are not to make as much pro¬
gress this year as they did last, for things
are better. Prices are better, markets are
firmer, and the entire tone is good — so good
that it may help to defeat some of the ac¬
complishments of past years.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

On the Pacific Coast where pear blight
must be fought day in and day out, the
trouble is under commercial control. In the
East, where it it not bad every year, it is over¬
looked until its ravages have gone so far as
to severely cripple the orchard.

This year, cherry prices are relatively
high — 5 and 6 cents a pound.' It would be
a pity if this condition were to be reflected
in an independence of attitude among cherry
growers and an unwillingness to cooperate
as they did so well in the years of low prices.
Likewise, it looks as though the apple and
peach crops might move at higher prices and
more easily. Growers should take care that
this condition will not weaken the work of
the Peach Council or the various advertising
programs and the cooperative efforts such as
the Apple Institute.

This is the year, then, to be alert to the
situation and to stand by the organizations
that are called upon to stand up to the battle
of a bad year. “In time of war prepare for
peace” is an old saying. In years of pros¬
perity, prepare for adversity. Stand by the
grower-operated and grower-controlled or¬
ganizations this year above all others.

Crocheters’ Field Day

IT doesn’t look as though New York’s farm
women are going to have everything their
own way at The Rural New-Yorker Speed
Crochet Contest to be held at the State Fair in
Syracuse on Monday, August 25, which is the
second day of the Fair. Checking over the
large number of coupons already returned
shows that readers have responded from all
the New England States as well as Pennsyl¬
vania, Ohio and New Jersey. One came in
from Texas, and one from California with a
note to the effect that the reader expected
to be on hand on the 25th. Besides the ex¬
citement of the contest, there will be a grand
chance to meet new friends from all over
The R. N.-Y. territory.

The coupon on page 460 gives you your
last chance to enter this contest and in view
of the details that have to be arranged before
the day of the contest, only those entries that
are postmarked Sunday, August 17, or earlier,
will be considered eligible. So let’s hear right
away from all our needle workers. Then a
good R. N.-Y. party can be assured for
the 25th!

New Milk Hearings

BECAUSE of popular farm demand for
further amendments to the Federal
Order, due principally to the severe drought
in many sections of the State and also to the
continual growing farm labor shortage,
Secretary Wickard has announced hearings
on amendments.

The schedule of these is as follows: St.
George Hotel, Brooklyn, on August 1; South
Junior High School, Watertown, on August
5; and Chancellor’s Hall, Albany, on August 7.

BECAUSE of the possibility of spreading
disease at live stock auctions, the New
York State Department of Agriculture has
ordered that, prior to each sale the building
used for handling the live stock must be
thoroughly cleaned and disinfected in a
manner satisfactory to the State. The veterin¬
arian or approved disinfector must make a
prompt report of each disinfection to the
State Bureau of Animal Industry on forms
furnished by the Commissioner. This is in
addition to the order that all live stock
originating outside the State, and offered for
sale within the State, must have conformed
with all provisions of the Agricultural Law
pertaining to bovine tuberculosis and Bang s
abortion disease.

This is a sensible precaution, as doubtless
many cases of mysterious infection could be
traced directly to unsanitary sale places. An¬
other essential is that veterinarians and others
who go on business from one herd to another
should be careful about carrying infection on
their shoes. Rubbers that can be washed and
sterilized should be worn where there is any
danger of picking up germs.

Suggestion to the Grange

HERE is a suggestion to the Granges of
New York State and of other states in
the New York milk shed.

Every Grange in these states should ar¬
range that a copy of Mr. Dillon’s book “Seven
Decades of Milk” is placed in every local
library, for present use and future reference.
Never before has so much factual information
regarding milk been brought so interestingly
together. There are farmers just now who
feel they cannot spare even the $3.00 for this
book, but the Grange can make it available
to all. Eastern N. Y. State Granger

What Farmers Say

As a constant reader of your journal may I
compliment you tor the interesting and helpful
information. I give some of my old copies away
to friends that are interested in progressive farm¬
ing. This is how Mr. Malinowski read his first
copy. He told me that your magazine was the
best that he has read and he subscribes to several
farm magazines. He said that he would consider
it a great favor if I would send in a subscription
for him, which I enclose. Victor C. Bois
New York

THIS is a service that has helped increase
our subscription list from about 20,000
to about 300,000, and reduced the subscrip¬
tion from $2 a year to $1 for three years. That
is the effect of a free American economy.
Producer and patron profit when both do
their part.

I am very much interested in the manner (?)
with which the public school system is operated
today, a sample of which we are now undergoing
here at Smithville Flats, i.e. Centralization.

Would be glad to read more about how they
(Mr. Public Officials) are hoodwinking the tax¬
payer. H. T.

New York

“We have taken The Rural New-Yorker for
a good many years and we want you to
know how much we like the set-up of
your paper. It is one of the very few papers
published today which carries the essence of
common sense and truth.” e. m. p.

Connecticut

Corrected June Milk Prices

The net cash basic prices paid for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 201-210 mile zone by dealers report¬
ing for the month of June are as follows:

Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.

Hillsdale Producers’ Co-op . $2.31 $0,049

Lehigh Co-op. Farmers . 2.31 .049

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 2.13 .045

Clinton Co. Dairymen’s Co-op. 2.03 .0432

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 1.97 .0419

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 1.95 .0414

Rock Royal Co-op. Inc . 1.95 .0414

Sheffield Farms . 1.94 .0412

Dairymen’s League . 1.835 .039

These are basic prices. Fat, freight, bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

Brevities

Mowing weedy pastures to prevent weeds
from going to seed is practical in many cases.

A truck and bus census will be taken in
September by the National Public Roads Adminis¬
tration.

There is promise in soybean protein for paper
sizing, making a smooth surface, well adapted
to folding.

The present outlook is that the Spring and Fall
pig crops this year will be around 83,000,000 head,
or 3,500,000 above last year.

The currant borer — no remedy but to cut the
infested canes close to the ground and burn them.
That will prevent transformation of the borers
with egg-laying adults.

“For as the earth bringeth forth her bud, and
as the garden causeth the things that are sown
in it to spring forth; so the Lord God will cause
righteousness and praise to spring forth before
all nations.” Isa. 61:11.

Jackrabbits as fodder testers are being used
at the Mandan, N. D. Government Station. New
pasture grasses on test are planted in small
fenced plots. The plants preferred by the rabbits
are palatable and good for live stock.

Creamery butter production in the entire
country for May and June this year totaled 430,-
305,000 pounds. New England supplied 685,000
pounds, the Middle Atlantic States 6,210,000, and
the West North Central, which includes Minne¬
sota, Iowa and Wisconsin, 220,480,000 pounds.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

457

A Slick G.L.F. Trick

THE stooges of the New York State milk
monopoly have missed no opportunity
during the past 20 years to exploit dairy
farmers for their own benefit and the profits
of the big milk barons. That is what holds
the Big-3 together against the farmers they
profess to serve. To the everlasting shame of
the Federal Government including its bureaus,
the State Government including some of its
departments and many of the State-supported
institutions, they have encouraged and fos¬
tered a selfish, systematic exploitation.

The part played by these stooges in the
distribution of milk for twenty years need
not be repeated here, except to identify the
performers with the latest stunt which has
been in process of promotion for more than
a year. The announcement comes not from
the principals themselves but from the Agri¬
culture Department of the U. S. Government.

Stripped of its illusory pretenses, the an¬
nouncement is that the Federal Government
has consented to finance a feed selling stunt
for the G. L. F. Exchange, Inc. under the trans¬
parent pretense that there may be a shortage
of jnilled feed for dairy and poultry purposes,
by reason of possible transportation tie-ups
in moving defense materials. The G. L. F.
officials profess to be rendering a patriotic
defense service. The real purpose is a profit¬
able business transaction. The scheme in
brief is that the government will turn over
to the G. L. F. enough grain from government
holdings to produce 150,000 tons of milled
feed. The G. L. F. is to process and deliver
this feed in five-ton lots to be stored by the
farmers who agree to hold it as a reserve
and who continue to buy their regular re¬
quirements from the G. L. F. If the price
falls, the G. L. F. will be protected, but if
prices go up, the farmer must pay the extra
cost. If other dealers offer better terms, the
farmer is barred from the benefits of the
competition. The five-ton lot is estimated to
last the average farmer three months. Few
producers have safe storage for three months’
supply to protect it from waste, vermin,
mould and deterioration. Its palatability and
nutritive value will be less when held for
that period.

A government survey has fixed the storing
capacity in New York State alone at 2,450,000
tons. One-third of this space was unoccupied
on March 1. One concern is now building an
elevator in Buffalo to hold 180,000 tons, and
is not asking^ for any special subsidy on a plea
of national emergency. The dairy and
poultry industries of New York State pay
$60,000,000 a year for two million tons of
milled feeds. The G. L. F. operates in New
Jersey and Pennsylvania as well as in New
York. This plan to keep 150,000 tons in a
revolving storage makes provision for only
a fraction of New York’s annual consumption,
but as a sales stunt a half million dollar
order on a deal involving little or no cash out¬
lay is no “small potato.” Besides, it clinches
the farmers’ patronage for an indefinite period,
which is the big wrinkle in the trick. The
whole program is nothing more than a slick
stunt engineered by a selfish clique mas¬
querading as “farm co-operators.”

A moral act is determined by its object, its
intent and its circumstance. All three ele¬
ments must be good. The object here is to
intrigue farmers into improvident contracts
for selfish gain. The object is not good. The
intent is to delude farmers into arrangements
under the guise of a helpful service. The
intent is not good. The circumstances are that
this outfit is interlocked with milk monopolists,
politics, trusteeships and personal interests.
They publish and subsidize periodicals for
propaganda purposes. They use their corpo¬
rate trust to foster personal aims and make
no adequate accounting of their trust. The cir¬
cumstances therefore, are not good. The act
is not moral.

If this is a war measure as alleged, why
not open it to all the feed distributors and
all dairymen and poultrymen, instead of
limiting it to one concern? There are
thousands of good, responsible feed deal¬
ers all over these three states. They and
their patrons are Americans. They handle
and consume the major part of the feed
supply in the three states. The present

favor is not earned on any record of merit.
In the last twenty years this paper has had
more complaints from farmers against the
quality of G. L. F. feed and its treatment of
farmers than against all the other feed dealers
combined. The fines, law suits and damage
claims have been in proportion.

We have witnessed intrigues, trickery and
false pretenses in our dairy industry for many
years. The State Government has encouraged
it all for twenty years; but it is only in recent
years that our Federal Government has been
a party to these transgressions.

The Fifth Columns Here

THE official organ of the Dairymen’s
League says:

“Consumer cooperatives in Germany had grown
to be very important organizations, but in March
of this year they were blitzkrieged out of exist¬
ence. A decree was issued by the minister of
National Economy in Germany which transferred
all the property and funds of consumers’ co¬
operative societies to the Labor Front.

“This was the result of a long program begun
by the Nazi regime * * * * sought to make the
cooperative movement there an instrument of
poltical organization and action. Of course the
Nazi leaders there say they have merely taken
the cooperatives into “protective custody * * * *
there is good reason for anxiety on the part of
cooperatives if Hitler continues much further on
the road to greater power.”

We doubt that the German people were
deceived by the pretense that their coopera¬
tives were taken over by the government for
their protection. But Hitler’s policy in this
instance is exactly the same as that of the
League leaders. He had already taken politi¬
cal control of milk production. His frank
purpose is to control all the wealth and all
the people by a government of the world, and
he proposes to be that government. That is
his idea of “protective custody.”

The barons of monopoly, the leaders of
counterfeit cooperatives, the Governor of New
York State and the politicians of the New
Deal, have all combined to create a commun¬
istic system for the milk industry. This system
is now operating. The legalized combination
fixes the price the farmer receives for his milk.
Farmers may accept the price or pour the
milk into the farmyard gutters. Of course,
the monopoly leaders say too it is all for the
protection of the cooperatives. The pretense
in both cases is the same. And there is good
reason for anxiety on the part of dairymen
if this Nazi type of Communism is to be al¬
lowed to exist and gain greater power in
America.

Fruit Grading Standards

p* AR-SIGHTED fruit growers are looking
X beyond the minimum grade standards
now in force, to something better. Present
day regulations call for certain size, color,
and blemish standards, mostly directed at
outward appearance. But now, creeping into
the situation is a desire to set up standards
which will insure a product to the consumer
which will result in complete satisfaction and
lepeat oiders; standards which will apply to
quality from the standpoint of flavor and use.

To be sure, some progress has already been
made in singling out the uses and best seasons
of certain varieties, as the R. I. Greening
apple for cooking, the Delicious apple for
eating out of hand, the Wealthy apple for Fall,
the McIntosh apple for late Fall and mid-
Winter, and the Northern Spy and Rome
apples for Spring. But even this is not enough.
Orange growers are turning to standards of
fruit quality as judged by acid content, sugar
content, and other analyzable internal fruit
characters. This method automatically rules
out of the trade those varieties which are of
inferior quality, and prevents past-season,
soft, unappetizing fruit from reaching the
consumer.

It is a step in the right direction. It is
quality that the consumer wants and quality
he must and will have, all the way from size
and appearance clear through to condition,
crispness, flavor, texture, and aroma. This is
the market of the future, and the one which
growers must keep constantly in mind if they
are to hold their own and progress with the
times and with the competition from other
fruits and other sections.

Farm Survey Results

r I s HE past 20 years have not been especially
good to farmers. Farm prices have been
low in relation to cost of operation, and in¬
comes have been accordingly low. Yet, some
farmers have been considerably more success¬
ful throughout this period than others. A
1 report by Herrell F. DeGraff issued from
Cornell University gives some interesting
stories to help explain how.

The records, which are from the Newfane
area of Niagara County in Western New
York, show that on the well-drained soils
of that region, fruit has been the most profit¬
able enterprise. In fact, the larger the acre¬
age of bearing orchard on a farm with good
fruit soil, the more profitable it has been.
On the other hand, fruit has been much less
profitable on soils of imperfect drainage. This
situation is in part explained upon the basis
of yields and by the fact that such costs as
spray material, commercial fertilizer, gaso¬
line, and similar items run about the same
for both relatively productive and relatively
unproductive farms.

While fruit has proved to be the most
profitable type of organization on the good
fruit soils of the Newfane area, this does not
mean that diversification has not been possi¬
ble. As a matter of fact, the most successful
orchards, in the area produce several kinds of
fruit while still concentrating on the orchard
fruits. Although there have been crop failures
with each of the different fruits produced
during the 27 years of the Newfane studies,
yet in no one year did they all fail.

The poorer fruit soils of the community
have done best when they have included
cows and have shipped fluid milk, have had
some poultry, and have raised some cabbage
and canning-factory tomatoes along with a
small acreage of bearing fruit. This type of
organization has been able to provide some
productive work for the labor force at all
times and has furnished a profitable livestock
outlet for the feed crops raised on the farm.

Broodiness in Hens

T"* HE broody hen at any time other than
A the natural hatching season in Spring, is
a nuisance. The owner takes that one broody
spell for granted, but is aggravated at the ac¬
tions of hens that want to “set” three or
four times during the season.

Broodiness is primarily an inherited
character, and can best be eliminated by
breeding it out. This, however, is a long time
program. Broodiness may also be caused by
anything which upsets or slows up egg pro¬
duction. As birds slow down in their rate of
laying, they many times go broody. This may
be caused by lack of sufficient food consump¬
tion. Hot weather may reduce food intake,
and thus slow up production and cause ex¬
cessive broodiness.

If birds go broody more than once, they
should be sold for meat. Broodiness can best
be broken up by putting the birds in wire
bottom cages, and feeding them for egg pro¬
duction. In many cases birds will be back
in production within two to three weeks. If
this treatment is not effective, the birds
should be sold for meat.

$8,200 in Milk Bribes

"D OBERT ELIAS LEVINE has been ar-
**■ rested by the F. B. I. on charges of
soliciting and receiving a bribe from Sheffield
Farms, Inc. He is now being held in $5,000
bail for action by the Grand Jury.

Levine, a former employee of the Dairy¬
men’s League, was hired as a clerk in
September, 1940, by the Milk Market Ad¬
ministrator’s office in New York City, at a
salary of $2,000 a year. According to the
F. B. I., Levine sought a down payment of
'$3,000 plus a salary of $5,200 a year from
Sheffield Farms in exchange for confidential
information about the company’s competitors,
which information, according to the charge,
dealt principally with transportation and
diversion differentials set up under the milk
marketing orders. The F. B. I. reports that
Levine was arrested after he had received
marked bills for $3,000 from a Sheffield em¬
ployee who was acting under the instructions
of the F.B.I.

Never before in recent years
have you needed a. good silo so
badly. With hay crops stunted
by the drought,you need a silo
that will protect every possible
inch of valuable ensilage from
air, freezing, and loss of juices.
The UNADILLA Dowelled
Stave Silo will give you that
protection NOW . . . and for
decades to come.

Only Unadilla has the patented
dowelled staves that give ^
you a JUICE-TIGHT,
stormproof silo — S-joint
laminated . . . non-warp
door that seals against
air and leakage — Sure-
Grip . . . Sure-Step door
front ladder that locks
doors, makes climbing
safer and easier.

Our staves make straight-
smooth, airtight walls — kept
that waybydowelling. Ready
to ship — any handy man can
quickly erect a Unadilla!

ORDER NOW -Write for
catalog and prices. Unadilla
Silo Co., Box C, Unadilla,

New York.

N O W ! Unadilla Wood Liners
available for ailing masonry
silos. Write for prices.

SAFE

EASY1

•Pi*];

UNADILLA

SILOS

Relieve
LAMENESS

Keep horse at WORK

• For lameness, swellings,
puffs and bruises, farm¬
ers know there’s nothing
so good as Absorbine.

Many leading veterin-
aries have used Absorbine
for over 40 years.

That’s because Absor¬
bine brings fast relief.

Used as soon as lameness
is noticed, Absorbine
speeds the flow of blood
to the injury to help carry
off the congestion. It often brings swellings
down in a few hours 1

Absorbine is not a '‘cure-all” but of proven
help in relieving fresh bog spavin, windgall,
collar gall and similar congestive troubles. It
never blisters or removes hair. $2.50 for a
LONG-LASTING BOTTLE. At all druggists.
W. F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

458

Tie RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

vr.£\aylor*s

LIIVITE

A thorough treatment for
stubborn conditions-Cow Pox,
Hoof Rot, Hoof Lameness,
Thrush, Bruises, Calk Wounds.
♦Antiseptic* Per bottle $1 .00.

At dealers or by mail postpaid,

H. W. Naylor Co., Morris, N.Y.

Live

Stock and

Dairy

From field and
feedlot to parade
in arena arid on
tanbark will
soon come the
livestock armies
of our American
Agriculture.
Their sleek hides
and glossy coats
will cover a
wealth of food
in highly concen¬
trated form. Bul¬
warks of beef
buttocks, legs of
lamb, pork, dairy
and poultry pro¬
ducts will be the
final ramparts
which will de¬
cide the outcome
of World War II.
Today as never

1941 New York State Fair

By R. W. Duck

Champion
Percheron Stal¬
lion and a simi-
liar award for
the G. C. Perche¬
ron mare. Proper
registration and
transfer on the
books of the
Association must
be coihplied
with. These
awards are paid
direct.

Belgians will
be judged Thurs¬
day, August 28.
Open class cash
awards are for a
total of $1,413.
The Belgian
Draft Horse
Corporation o f
America, H. J.

Newport, Watertown, Lowville,

Carthage, Potsdam, Gouverneur,

Malone, Massena, Canastota, Ithaca,
Binghamton, Auburn, Seneca Falls,
Geneva, Elmira, and Norwich. A
25 cents will be

Indiana, offers in addition special
prizes for a total of $80. Registration
and transfer rules must be complied
with.

Suffolk - Punch horses will be
judged Friday, August 29. Premiums

charged for each automobile. Each total $730. The American Suffolk
occupant is required to pay ad- Horse Association, J. G. Truman,
mission fee. Each exhibitor for - secretary, Bushnell, Ill., offers special

before the pageant of livestock on Little Falls, Herkimer, Dolgeville, Brandt, secretary-treasurer, Wabash,
parade presented at the great 101st
Annual New York State Fair will
have a significance far beyond in¬
dividual breed perfection or the
winning of. a purple or blue. Meat,
milk, wool, and eggs are the four parking fee of
knights in shining armor whose
counter attack can and will conquer
the Four Horsemen of the
Apocalypse.

To the exhibitors and visitors at
the State Fair, extending from
August 24 to September 1, inclusive,

Director Paul Smith extends greet¬
ings and states as follows: “Once
again it is my pleasure to extend
to you a cordial invitation to par¬
ticipate in, as well as attend, the
New York State Fair. We of the
State Fair are confident that the 1941
Exposition will be the most out¬
standing in its

premiums whose entry fee amounts
to $3 or more, will be entitled to
one free admission each day for the
duration of the exhibit.

Horses

This department is again under
the capable supervision of S. C.
Pendergast, Phoenix. “Steve” has
built this department to where it is
now one of the leading horse shows
in America. Exhibitors will be

history. Premi¬
ums aggregating
more than $125,-
000 are offered
in the many
varied classes,
and all indica¬
tions point to
strong agricult¬
ural and live¬
stock depart¬
ments.

“On the lighter
side — the amuse¬
ment end — the
Fair offers the
greatest array of
entertainment
ever before pre¬
sented at any
state fair. The
Fairgrounds it¬
self will be more
appealing than at
any time in its long history. A wide¬
spread modernization campaign, to¬
gether with the installation of a
brilliant lighting system, has trans-
fomed the Fairgrounds into the finest
in the nation.”

General admission, week days and
Sundays, will be 50 cents. Night
admission after 5 P. M. will be 25
cents. From August 1 through
August 23 advance tickets will be
available at 25 cents each. Exchange
coupons may be obtained on appli¬
cation to the New York State Fair,
Director Paul Smith, State Fair¬
grounds, Syracuse, N. Y. The Fair
management grants the holder of
these Exchange Coupons the privi¬
lege of purchasing before August 23
for 25 cents each as many as four
full-price 50 cent admission tickets.
These may be exchanged at the
Central New York Power Corp. or
Electric and Gas offices in Syracuse,
Cortland, Baldwinsville, Fulton, Os¬
wego, Central Square, Utica, Rome,

Some of the Wait Farms Holsteins, Auburn, N. Y., are receiving a final
wash and grooming at the 1940 New York State Fair grounds in prepa¬
ration for their later triumphs on the tan-bark.

pleased to have him back with them.

Prof. Hary L. Garrigus, Connecticut
State College, Storrs, will be the
official judge. He is known where-
ever good horseflesh is exhibited as
one of the most fair and discrimin¬
ating of horse judges in the world
today.

Horses, as well as all other live¬
stock exhibited must be in place
Sunday, August 24, at 10 A. M., and
must remain through Friday, August
29, 4 P. M. In this department the
management reserves the right to
declare off any class not having
three entries, by notifying the ex¬
hibitor and returning the entrance
fee.

Percherons will be judged Wednes¬
day, August 27. Premiums total
$1,413. Special Percheron prizes as
outlined by Secretary-treasurer Ellis
McFarland, of the Percheron Horse
Association of America, Dexter Park
Ave., Chicago, Ill. offer $2.50 cash
award and a ribbon to the Grand

ribbons for Best America-bred Stal¬
lion, the Best American-bred Mare
and the Four Best Animals, either
sex.

The New York State Draft Horse
Club will award ribbons to the first,
second and third prize horses bred
and owned in New York State and
shown in the classes for Percheron,
Belgian and Suffolk-Punch as men¬
tioned, regardless of whether or not
they place in that position in the

open classifica¬
tion. Rosettes
will also be a-
warded to the
Champion and
Reserve Cham¬
pion New York
State bred and
owned stallion
and mare.

Suitable class¬
es and awards
will also be made
for Clydesdales
or Shires; Draft
Horses in Har¬
ness — purebred
or Grade; N. Y.
State Draft
Horses — Grades
- — shown to halt¬
er (Non-Profes¬
sional). Limited
to New York

State residents;
N. Y. State County Horse Group;
N. Y. State vehicle horses; and

Ponies. A National pulling contest
for pairs weighing under 3,000

pounds, neither horse to exceed 16
hands height measured from top of
shoes, and for pairs weighing 3,000
pounds and up, will be held — open
to the world. The Horse and Mule
Association of America rules will
prevail and the contest will be under
the personal direction of Wayne

Dinsmore, secretary. The Dynamo¬
meter will be used.

The colt competition open to boys
and girls who are residents of New
York State over 12 and under 21
on January 1, 1941, will be

shown in the draft horse barn. En¬
tries close August 23 for this junior
colt show. Entries close in the
horse department August 5. The
entrance fee is $2 for each horse
entry, and $1 for each pony entry.

(Continued on Page 462)

ilMLLdli

Take Your Place in

VETERINARY

MEDICINE

Other Departments of Middlesex University :

School of Medicine: 4-yr. course, M. D. de¬
gree. School of Podiatry: 3-yr. course. School
of Pharmacy: 2-yr. course. College of Arts
and Sciences: (A.B. and B.S. degrees.)

CATALOG ON REQUEST

MIDDLESEX

UNIVERSITY

WALTHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

Use ABSORBINE

Left : Weighing -in-time for the baby beeves at the 1940 New York State Fair. This 930 pound Angus steer is
owned and was exhibited by Donald Van Wagnen, Mt. Morris, N. Y. Right: These New York State draft

teams-in-harness were exhibited at the 1940 New York State Fair.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

459

PftI I IFS Sab,es also whites. Registered. Priced right

l/ULLICO TWEEOON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

GUERNSEYS

GUERNSEY SALE

Saturday, August 9, at 1 o’clock

BEL0TT DAIRY FARM, ELN0RA, N. Y.

12 MILES WEST OF SCHENECTADY OFF Rt. I46A

Dispersal Sale of 52 Guernseys — 26 registered,
balance high grades. Young work team, new Esco milk
cooler, B-L-K milker. T.B. accredited Bang’s negative.

DUNN & HARWOOD, SALES MANAGERS,

SCHOHARIE, N. Y. AND C0RDAVILLE, MASS.

Tarbell farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.
4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, DELHI, NEW YORK

AY RSHIRES

65 AYRSHIRES 65

Dispersal Sale

SATURDAY, AUGUST 16, 1941

COWS— BRED HEIFERS— YEARLINGS— CALVES

Herd Accredited and Negative

— For Catalog Write—

Mrs. L. E. Maynard, Philadelphia, N. Y.

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
With stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS*N.
96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

j HOLSTEINS

150 REGISTERED HOLSTEIN

CATTLE AT AUCTION

EARLVILLE, MADISON COUNTY, N. Y.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, at lO A. M. D. S. T.

T. B. Accredited. Bang tested, mastitis charts. This
great sale includes 100 fresh and close springing young
cows and first calf heifers. Trucks available. Now is
the time to buy and Earlville is the place.

R. AUSTIN BACKUS, Sales Manager,
Mexico, New York

SIRE OF CHAMPIONS
Montvic Pathfinder

His world’s record daughter. Montvic Bonheur Hartog.
1153 fat; test 4.75%. Bull calves now available.

F. C. WHITNEY, ILION, N. Y.

| ABERDEEN-ANGUS

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Angu* beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen-Angus Breeders* Association. Col¬
lege Park, Md.. or Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Breeder**
Association, Ithaca, New York.

INFLATION HEDGE JS TSSTSt

We offer a few head from clean herd. Priced right.

CAMPBELL FARMS, LAGRANGEVILLE, N. Y.

Aberdeen-Angus Cattle cbJ& £eitfZt!

Accredited for T. B. and Bangs.

MILTON K. MORGAN, Route 3, Lancaster, Penna.

| DOGS

A.K.C. Reg. Dalmatian (Coach Dog)

Female year old, car and house broken. $30.00 or trade
for registered female greyhound or foxhound.

FRANK PEARCE. CROSS ACRES KENNELS
Jordan, New York (Phone 5415)

FARM BRED AIREDALE PUPPIES

Eligible for A. K. C. registry. Priced right.

TOTEM FARM, - MERIDALE, NEW YORK

A • „ J.|. 0.,__ Males $10.00. Females $8.00.

A lrCflSIC 1 UpS Toy Fox Terrier female

$8.00. CHARLOTTE SNELL, MEDINA, NEW YORK

TTiUREBRED COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.
JM— Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

^ I | ICTO Sable; excellent breeding; all

ages, 515.00 up. COL'LOVER
KENNELS, 1500 East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

CT prDM A DnC All breeds, details free!! Book:
01. DLalliinuj photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

Pedigreed sable and white collies. 11 mo. old. Beg.
in A.K.C. Companions, watchdogs and pets. Male and
spayed female $15. each. Fayre Farm. Swanton, Vt

Drown male Spaniel pups, four months old. right ago
Dfor fall hunting $13.00. Black female four months
$7. Square deal. Oscar Riley, Franklin, Vermont

PpiliarAPil PuppieSl Irisl1 Setters, Pointers. Beagles.

1 cuigiccu Springer Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels. Meier
Pineknoll Kennels, Noxon Rd., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

Farm Raised SHEPHERDS iSfXl'ii",

Great Dane Pups frackrm$holmT T*.

Fed. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups Ke^Trocn,'«%^r“

Rp« finllipc— Rnaolpc al] ages any color. Woodland
l\Cg. tUlllcb Deagies Farms, Hastings, New York

Beg. and unreg. cocker puppies; red and black. Sat.
guar. Reasonable. Kenneth Robinson, St. Albans, Vt.

Wanted Trained Cow Dog EalftiL%?r' yEo*

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

DACHSHUND PUPPIES pedigreed two months old.

Mrs. E. Hansen, 4 Prospect St., Highland Falls, N. Y.

More News About “Trixie’’

Last year I wrote you about our
Jersey cow “Trixie” having been
milked seven years continuously
without freshening. You published
my letter in your August 24, 1940
issue.

Trixie has now added another
year to her record, July 12, 1941
making eight years of steady milk¬
ing without freshening. She is giv¬
ing a little over seven quarts of milk
daily, and it is Grade A milk plus.
Although the rupture that kept us
from feeding her has grown some¬
what larger, it does not seem to
bother her much.

If you know of any other cow or
cows that have a long or a longer
record than “Trixie,” I would like to
hear of it. Edward A. Wyatt

New Jersey

Protein in Grains

I am thinking of using dry grain
in my cow feed. Can you tell me
the percent of protein in dry grain?

New Jersey j. m.

You do not state the kind of dry
grain intended for use. Protein
varies with the kind of grain. Corn
has an average digestible protein
content of 7.3 per cent, barley about
7 to 8 per cent; oats about 9.4 per
cent. The protein content most de¬
sirable to feed would be influenced
by the kind and quality of hay fed.
With legume hay a concentrate mix¬
ture containing from 16 to 18 per
cent protein would be satisfactory.
If timothy was fed a 20 to 24 per
cent protein feed would be indicated.

New Jersey Winners

Winners in the “Purebred for
Dad” contest sponsored by the
New Jersey College of Agriculture
included Amelia Sutton, R. D. 1,
Annandale^ first place in the
Holstein-Friesian class; Jeannette
Mass, Wrightstown, first place in the
Guernsey class, and Shirley Everitt,
Ringoes, who won the Ayrshire
award. The Brown Swiss class was
won by Theodore Koemmelbein,
Frenchtown, with Martin K. Peacock,
Bridgeton, winning the Jersey class.

Live Stock Sales

Sept. 9.— Vermont Guernsey Sale,
utland, Vt.

Sept. 20. — Walter Kerr Dispersal
Guernsey Sale, Spring House, Pa.,
"ate Sales Co., Kennett Square, Sales
lanager.

Sept. 23. — Vermont Jersey Con-
gnment Sale, Hartland Fairgrounds.
Sept. 29. — Dutchess County Aber-

THE JUDSON ELECTRIC FENCER

A Fencer that
is right. And
the price is
right.

Send today for
free folder.

W. HADDON JUDSON CO.

Manufacturer s of Scientific Instruments

HEREFORDS

erd. ROLAND FOX. FONDA, NEW YORK

Irosper with Elm Place registered Herefords. See my

bull offering. L. D. COWDEN. FREDONIA. N. Y.

DAIRY CATTLE

' OR SALE 15 Jerseys and Guernsey cows. All
mostly to freshen this fall. Sell them all together.

SHEEP

! once and you will grow no
others. The best sheep grown

ADRIAN,

MICHIGAN

Three rams, two ewes ex¬
pecting young, and one ewe

RiEDALE fig-

*%& & ras, cT.'..na.,x vt

NEW, Faster
HINMAN MILKER

Gets MORE MILK
MORE BUTTERFAT

users say-

Write today for free folder
on the new Hinman milker —
the sensation of the milker
world. Learn
how its gentler,
low-vacuum
milking action
soothes the
_ cows . . . emp¬
ties the udder faster . . .
milks up to 15 cows per
hour with one unit. Read
how its faster milking
helps you get more milk,
more butterfat than from
all slower methods of
milking. And how this
extra production soon
pays for the new Hinman.
Easy to handle, easy to
clean, the new Hinman
milker is the result of 33
years of success in making
milkers. Write today for the
new Hinman Folder — no
obligation.

Hinman Milking Machine Co., Inc.

Box 21 Oneida, New York

Do Worms Stunt
Your Pigs!

Worm-free pigs grow much faster —
make more money! Thousands of hog
raisers reduce nodular and large round
worm infestation with

PETERS & POWDER

CONTAINS PHENOTHIAZINE

Highest authorities indorse Phenothia-
zine the new wonder working drug.
PETERS combines this powerful worm
remover with tasteful ingredients. Pigs
devour Peters Powder when mixed with
any grain feed! Actually pigs crave it!
No starving. One lb., $1.20 — enough for
30 pigs weighing up to 25 lbs., or only
4 cents a pig. Ask any Peters dealer
or write to

Peters Family, World’s First Hog Serum Mfrs.

PETERS SERUM GO. Laboratories

Kansas City, Missouri

[

SHORTHORNS

]

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

With World’s Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world’s records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce 4% milk economical¬
ly. have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months 50e; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORTHORN SOCIETY, Dept. F-2, CHICAGO, ILL.

MILKING SHORTHORN Bull Calves. Also Silver
Black Fox Babbits. Hendrickson, Cobleskill, New York

JERSEYS

• PUREBRED JERSEYS •

Cow 8 years, fresh Aug. 1. 7-8.000 lbs. milk; 400
lbs. fat. Heifer 3 year (first calf in March) 1,000
lbs. milk per month; test 5.5%. Tested: T. B.,
Bangs and Mastitis.

DENBIGH FARMS, R.F.D. Port Chester, N. Y.

Jr— u ^ p V €5 Registered, Good stock
E. IV w E. I Jersey cons. Heifers,

bull and three young bulls. T. B. and Bangs tested.

F. H. LU BRECHT, Maple Street, Hazleton, Penna.

rnn c AI I? Bred registered Jersey heifers
r U R arllj£i of good type. Prices reasonable.

LANE’S END FARM, DOWNINGTOWN, PENNA.

GOATS

MILKING DOES

buck kids. Saanen, Nubian-Saanen and Toggenburg.

The Knoll, P.0. Box 57, Hurley, Ulster Co., New York

DAIRY GOAT JOURNAL, Dept. 167. FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly magazine crammed with help¬
ful information. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

Goals For Sale: gJV'fi IS5

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Road, Washington, N. J.

NUBIAN DAIRY GOATS out of prize stock. Herbert
Gericke, 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond, S. I. N. Y.

SWINE

]

Strong, Vigorous Pigs (Vaccinated)

2-3 months old $6.50; $7.00 each. Selected boars all
ages and breeds. Gilts open and bi-ed. Breed your sows.
A survey shows an alarming shortage.

CHARLES E. GILES, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

,1 gw gw IP 5 gw c? Chester Whites, Ches-

Ituyycu riJJS ter. Berkshire, York¬
shire. Chester, Duroc cross 6-7 weeks $4.50. 8 weeks
$5.00. Boars, barrows, sows. Ship 1 or more C.O.D.
Crates free Carl Anderson, Virginia Rd., Concord, Mass.

RFfi nilROrS Fall Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
I\EiV]. UUIUJLJ Pattington, Scinio Center, New York

HORSES and PONIES *

VALSEUR DE LABLIAU

No. 21865 (38/2836)

Many times grand champion
Belgian Stallion
AT STUD

Our stables are filled with im¬
ported champion and prize win¬
ning animals. Mares, foals and
stallions — ages from spring foals
to six years old. We cordially in¬
vite you to visit our farms and
satisfy yourself that this is one
of the greatest Belgian herds
in * the East.

HAGAN FARMS

Spackenkill Road

POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans
AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

Disposing of Our Small Herd of

Purebred Registered Percheron Horses

One 7 yr. old mare wt. 2,000; 6 yr. old mare wt.
1,600; 4 yr. old mare wt. 1.700, your choice $150—
each. One 3 yr. old stallion. $125; aged mare, $50.
Sillon ami Laet breeding.

YALE FARM, R.F.D. No. I, ROMULUS, N. Y. .

BE L G I A N HORSES

Pure brcds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
raised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI, WEST TAGHKANIC, N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82, Near
Lake Taghkanic State Park. 10 miles S. E. of Hudson.

• MORGAN PONIES*

Orders taken now for Morgan and Shetland weanlings
for Fall delivery. Also several choice Morgan pony
yearlings. Ideal for older children. Gentle, intelligent,
easily trained. TORREYA FARM, MILLBROOK, N. Y.

FOR SALE

Pair of Suffolk mares, five
and six years old. Well
matched and broken. Splendid individuals entitled to
registration. S. W. HUFF, CARMEL, NEW YORK

TAMW0RTH SWINE

Beat Bacon Breed

I Excellent shoats, both sexes, for immediate del-
ivery. Orders taken for bred gilts and boars of
service age. All stock registered and vaccinated.

REYNOLDS POMEROY, STILL VALLEY FARMS
Little Kunkletown, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

Thrifty. rugged stock of exceptional Quality.
Berkshire and Chester crossed or ) , „ . ... ni%

Yorkshire and Chester crossed \‘~° weeks old $5.00
Chester Whites $5.50 each. All orders carefully filled.
Will Ship 2 or more C. O. D.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

Pia« ami Slinatc that eat- llTe an>3 grow. Mostly P.
I Iga dllU OllOdlS Chinas and Berks, some Duroes.
Chesters and Hamps. 6 wks. $4.50: 8 svks. $5.00. A few
shoats 30 lbs. $6.50; 40 lbs. $7.50 each. State second
choice. Serum vaccinated, castrated, crated; F.O.B. ex¬
press here, to all points in N.Y., N. J., Pa., or Conn.
Lnrelated breeders $1 each extra. Money back guar¬
antee to satisfy on arrival. Express 50c on pigs to $1
on shoats. For big hogs next Winter order now from—
C. STANLEY SHORT, CHESWOLD, DEL.

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites. Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. W’ill ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

• GOOD PIGS FOR SALE •

Most Chesters and Chester-Yorkshire Cross. Eight
weeks old $5.25. This is well bred stock. Will ship

C. O. D. HENRY ANDERSON

R. F. D. Box 229 - Maynard, Mass.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished.

AYRLAWN FARMS, BETHESOA, MARYLAND

FOR SALE — • A few nice young pigs, 6-8
weeks old @ $5.00 each. Ship C. O. D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

• REGISTERED TAMWORTH HOGS •

the world’s best bacon breed. All ages for sale from
early maturing, prolific sows. $10.00 each. F.O.B.
this farm. Telephone Wheatley Hills 271.
WHITNEY FARM, Old Westbury, Long Island, N. Y.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

Pedigreed Hampshire Pigs For Sale

Out of best Middle Western stock available. Fine
breeding stock for very little above ordinary prices.
Write Emil Sakacy, Brookwood Farm, Pemaquid, Me.

REG. CHESTER WHITES Quality breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelton. C lister “co./Venn^

460

<Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

9 THRILLING DAYS!

9 Dazzling Nights

STATE PAIR

★ SYRACUSE, N. Y.

$150,000 in Premiums

National Horse-Pulling
Contest

Rodeo

Lucky Tefer

Grand Circuit
Harness Horse Races

Championship Auto Races

Ice Revue

Mammoth Defense Show

Piano Festival

Religious Services

New Conservation
Building

Sparkling Grandstand
Show

World’s Fair Dioramas

SEE THE STATE FAIR AT HALF PRICE

With this coupon you can buy up to four 50c State Fair
admission tickets at the advance sale price of 25c for each
ticket. Present coupon at redemption station located at
nearest Central New York Power Corporation or New
York State Electric & Gas Corporation office.

Matt orders for four or more Advance Sale Tickets will he ac¬
cepted at State Fair Office, Syracuse, N. Y. Send check or money
order. ACT NOW AND SAVE.

Offer closes Saturday, August 23rd RNY

NEW YORK STATE FAIR

AUG. 24 to SEPT. 1 • SYRACUSE, N. Y.

FALSE TEETH

KLUTCH holds them tighter

KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental
plates so much firmer and snugger that one can
eat and talk with greater comfort and security;
in many cases almost as well as with natural
teeth. Klutch lessens the constant fear of a drop¬
ping, rocking, chafing plate. 25c and 50c at drug¬
gists... If your druggist hasn’t it. don’t waste
money on substitutes, but send us 10c and we
will mail you a generous trial box. © I.P. INC.
KLUTCH CO., Box 2803-H, ELMIRA, N. Y.

SAFELY... ,
PROFITABLE*

Saving by mail is sale,
efficient. Used by thou¬
sands of depositors. Here you get in¬
sured protection for your money; in¬
terest compounded semi-annually. Send
.post card today for FREE Banking by
Mail booklet that gives full details.

ADDRESS DEPT. B

City &. County^

SavinqA Bank f

fioO STATE ST.AIBANXNY *

wwvuvwwv

THE GLADIOLUS

By Forman T. McLean

A new book for the home gardener.

Dp!,,. New York City residents

rriC6^)*<ww add 1°/o for Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W. 30th Street New York City

i America s va.
fence ProS^'^ HOME

I °!

meats.

3EWI

qSlA.

- - ..Sure

meats. Eas*- • yuTkeep "§a£"

Caps & -burner

, Hers to fool ’ cannirjg SaLAft ’ „

also, Cap- -- -•*>

Bldg. TjOS

lS • -

Sand Springs

JAR CO.

447 Title las
or Box 147 s

6 CHARMING

UASPOONS

for only 50^

2 Kerr Mason
from any i „ _s

Cap Cartons. • -or T p
Dept 447 .Meriden, Conn.

■Irtclrt V »»“• - — —

BUYl^M. MASON JARS and CAPS TODAY

To Subscribers:

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

In a Changing World

And finer than ever it is to toil,
The Summer sun on the arm and
hand,

The eager stalks in the fragrant soil.
The singing leaves at the wind’s
command;

But finest of all is this truth to
know —

That the clay and the sod again
were spanned

With plow and disc, were worked
to sow,

And are loyal still to the old demand!

Leslie Phillips

Now finer than ever it is to own
A little white house and a stretch of
land,

A line of fences and walls of stone,
And meadows rich where the fat
kine stand;

From the Little Brown House

Here it is mid-summer and guests
are returning to the old Home State,
until it almost seems as if we were
having a vacation, seeing so many
unaccustomed faces.

In fact we did mildly celebrate our
fortieth wedding anniversary by
visiting our sons in Putney. Even
short rides show us that the world,
even hill farmers, are trying to farm
to fit changing conditions. The
presence of so many milking goats
shows that they are beginning to be
appreciated, while another large
farm or what was several farms, is
the home of a beautiful herd of
Aberdeen-Angus, and a similar farm
nearer us is devoted to Herefords,
while many still cling to the all time
favorite, the Jersey.

Next we were carried backward
by a call from a former pupil and
then by a visit from a rural school¬
mate, this being in the early days
of the Mauve Decade. Since then
Dr. W. spent several years as a
missionary in China and came back
enthusiastic over the use of soy beans
as human food and a laboratory with
which he is connected is busy de¬
veloping these ideas. “Just think, 40
per cent protein, 17 per cent fat be¬
sides the various vitamins.” I wished
he had brought some samples with
him, as new foods we can produce
on the farm are valuable.

His hobby is building a garden to
care for itself as much as possible
as he averages to be away nine
months ox the year, so he is using
tufa rock and cinders to care for
surplus moisture and experimenting
with cactus to withstand zero tem¬
peratures, as well as sedums, sem-
pervirums and kindred plants.

On one of our short trips along
a small place where it is hot,
sunny and dry, besides receiving all
the dust from a busy highway, was
a low hedge or border of hemerocallis
fulra, the old time tawny day lily.
Doubtless the plants were well fed
as the bloom was abundant and it
was very pleasing, much more so
than a sickly row of some rare,
difficult plants.

There were also some fine del¬
phiniums and lilies in the garden
by the way. A correspondent asked
me if I could name some easy deep
cream to lemon yellow, including
sulphur shades in hardy perennials.
In the garden as I note there are
light yellow hollyhocks, pale anthe-
mus; dianthus knappi is very dainty
in sulphur yellow, while onothera
and Greek mullein supply the prim¬
rose shades.

We never appreciated the small
creeping thyme or mother-of-
thousands until this year; we put
a bit of it in deeper, richer and a
bit moister soil and it Is covered
with tiny spikes of rosy mauve. It
is so satisfactory I am making a 12
foot border of it. Just now I am
sowing seeds of perennials for next
year. It seems a bit late but better
late than never and if moisture is
supplied plants grow rapidly in the
heat, there are purple Sweet
Williams, two new shades of lupins,
besides several campanulas and a
white onothera, something I had al¬
ways wanted.

A package of mixed seeds has been
very amusing and there are seedling
lilies,, gladiolus, hyacinths, besides
many of the more common annuals
and perennials. mrs. j. x. w.

Last Call for the R. N.-Y. Crochet Contest

This is your last chance to enter
the “one and only” Speed Crochet
Contest, sponsored by The Rural
New-Yorker in cooperation with the
National Needlecraft Bureau, to be
held promptly at 2 o’clock on the
afternoon of August 25 th at the
Harriet May- Mills Building, New
York State Fair Grounds, Syracuse,
N. Y. Fill out and mail your entry
blank today to The Rural New-
Yorker, 333 West 30th Street, New
York City. No entries postmarked
later than midnight, August 17th can
be considered. In return for the
coupon you will receive complete
directions together with a picture of
the edging design to be used by all
contestants. Start working up your
speed as soon as you receive your
directions. First prize winner gets
$25 cash and the coveted title, “Lady

Nimble Fingers.” Second prize $15
and third prize $10.

If the menfolks say they haven’t
time to bring you to the Fair, tell
them that while you are making
your fingers fly for cash and the
honor of the family, they can be en¬
joying, and profiting by, all the fine
exhibits on the fair grounds, or they
can stay with us and urge you on.
Bring your own cheering section and
add to the fun and excitement. You
will have plenty of good competition
judging from the way the entries are
coming in to our office. If two con¬
testants tie on the number of motifs
at the end of the specified time," the
decision of the judges will be made
on the quality of the work.

We’ll be looking for you on the
25th!

Entry in R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest

Please enroll me in The Rural New-Yorker Speed Crochet
Contest, to take place on August 25, 1941, at 2 P. M. in the
Harriet May Mills Building at the New York State Fair, Syra¬
cuse, N. Y. I agree to abide by the decision of the judges.

Send coupon to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th
Street, New York City.

Name .

Address .

Date .

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

461

Fall Dressmaking Patterns

406 — A-plus for this new school frock! Youngsters will love the square peasant neck¬
line, the bias waistband and neat pockets. Sizes 8 to 16. Size 10, 2% yards 35 inch fabric.
47 io — Capes are definitely news for tots. The easy-to-make dress with high yoke and
panelled skirt makes a complete ensemble. Sizes 2 to 10. Size 6. 214 yards 35 inch fabric
for dress, cape; 1 'A yards 54 inch fabric.

298 — Practical yet gay is this housefrock that buttons down the front for easy donning.
See the novel yoke and pockets. Sizes 34 to 48. Size 36, 3% yards 35 inch fabric.

Price of patterns 15 cents (in coins) each. Pattern and pattern book 25 cents (in coins).
(If you are a resident of New York City add one cent for City Sales Tax). Send all
orders to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th St., New York City.

Blueberry Recipes

Whole Wheat Muffins. — Beat until
creamy 2 tablespoons butter with
2 tablespoons sugar, 1 egg, well
beaten, IV2 cups milk, 2*4 cups
whole wheat flour sifted with 4
teaspoons baking powder and V2 tea¬
spoon salt.

Beat well, and add 1 cup blue¬
berries, floured. Bake in hot oven,
400 degrees, 25 minutes.

A whole wheat Sally Lunn, sub¬
stituting 1 cup whole wheat flour
for 1 cup white flour, may be made
with blueberries too — 1 cup of them
sprinkled with V\ cup of powdered
sugar added to the dough. This needs
a little less and a little hotter bak¬
ing than regular Sally Lunn.

Blueberries may also be added to
your ordinary waffle recipe, and the
waffles served with a hard sauce to
which have been added a few mashed
blueberries for color.

When it comes to puddings you
simply take inventory of the con¬
tents of your cupboard and make
the pudding accordingly. For in¬
stance, if the shelf holds molasses
you may have steamed blueberry
pudding or baked huckleberry pud¬
ding. The average person admits to
some vagueness on the difference be¬
tween huckleberries and blueberries.
To avoid argument it might be best
to say that huckleberries, so-called,
are blacker and seedier than blue¬
berries, so-called!

Blueberry Cream Pie. — Boil to¬
gether 1 cup water, 1 cup sugar, 1
cup blueberries. When berries are
cooked, strain and mash through
sieve, discarding pulp. Add 3 table¬
spoons cornstarch dissolved in V3
cup cold water. Stir constantly
until boiling, then simmer slowly
until thick. Pour this over three
cups fresh blueberries. Whip V> pint
whipping cream and place in baked
pastry shell, then pour the blue¬
berry mixture over the cream. This
should not be done until time to
serve.

Blueberry roly-poly may be
steamed or baked. Ours is baked,
and served warm with pudding
sauce or vanilla ice cream. Other
berries or fruits may be used instead
of blueberries. The recipe is merely
a rich biscuit dough including an egg,
rolled out and sprinkled liberally with
blueberries and V\ cup sugar. Roll
up and bake in greased shalow pan
in moderate oven, 375 degrees, about
45 minutes. E. v. d.

Summer Trips

Friendly readers have been asking
about the little green car and its
travels this Summer and this is just
to report that it is still “rolling
along’’ and hopes to make some more
visits before the Summer is over.
We got away into New Jersey for
three days the latter part of July
and met a number of our subscribers
including Mrs. Tillou, the famous
prize winning jelly maker who is
also the mother of nine fine children.

When we parked near the Fleming-
ton Auction, we found so many in¬
teresting things right around there —
including the egg auction itself; the
new and very modern Hilder Food
Bank and the Kerr Hatchery over in
Frenchtown, that the day went by
without seeing any of our individual
readers.

On the way back I stopped to see
Mrs. Peper and Mrs. Meisner, both
near Spring Valley and enjoyed
visiting with them so much.

Week ends since early May I’ve
been watching things grow on a little
farm in Westchester Coynty and
though we could do with consider¬
ably more rain and a good many
less Japanese Beetles, the result that
appear on the table are quite satis¬
factory. c. b. w.

Breakfast — Day’s Most Im¬
portant Meal

I heard a nutrition expert say re¬
cently, “Don’t neglect breakfast! It’s
the most important meal of the day
for both grown-ups and children.”
One mother said something like this.
“I just can’t get Mary to eat at
breakfast. Sometimes she’ll eat a
little cereal, sometimes half a slice
of toast. But she doesn’t seem to
have any appetite.”

There are about 32,000,000 people
living on farms in this country and
one wonders just how many" have
an adequate breakfast each morning.

We have a saying in our family
that breakfast is “the best meal of
the day.” It’s a hearty meal with
fruit, cooked cereal most of the time,
toast, eggs, real cream, jam or jelly,
and pancakes, sausage, ham, or
bacon often enough. Occasionally
we eat asparagus on toast for break¬
fast! And after we have cookies or
doughnuts.

A good, well-balanced, hearty
breakfast starts the day right for us.
Use good china, gay napkins, a red-
checkered table cloth or colored oil¬
cloth, and put a few posies in a vase.
Try making breakfast your “best”
meal. b. e. p.

Massachusets

This carload of perishable
farm products is going to
town — but not necessarily the
town that’s on its bill of lading.
It has the privilege of changing
its mind on the way — maybe
two or three times.

to buy with confidence and sell
at a profit.

This car may travel a thousand,
two thousand, three thousand
miles — meanwhile a lot can
happen to markets. All the time
the car is rolling, the producer
or his agent will be watching
the U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture reports of prices and
the number of cars in transit
toward each market. He can
find out where this particular
car is at any time, and can wire
new shipping instructions to
take advantage of the most
favorable market.

The orderly marketing of per¬
ishable farm products, as made
possible through the American
railroads, offers the producer
the greatest possible assurance
of selling his crop at a good
price. It enables the merchant

It has vastly increased con¬
sumption by getting the con¬
sumer in the habit of buying
fresh fruits and vegetables the
year around. It has built up
consumer confidence through
encouraging honest grading;
proper packing and shipping.

Does anybody want to see this
orderly and profitable method
of marketing wrecked by the
sort of transportation which re¬
sults in chaotic, unorganized
peddling with its inevitable
breakdown of markets, waste
and spoilage? Or shall we all
work together to strengthen
and perpetuate the system of
orderly marketing which has
been built up around the swift,
economical, efficient transpor¬
tation afforded by the railroads?

SEE AMERICA BY RAILROAD — SPECIAL RATES FOR
GRAND CIRCLE TOURS... Ask your local ticket agent!

ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICAN RAILROADS

WASHINGTON, 0. C.

All kinds of new and reconditioned pine for water
systems, greenhouses, irrigation*, fenoaa. etc.
Cut to sketch and stocked. AJao —

FITTINGS, VALVES, PUMPS and SUPPLIES

Write us your wants and let u* quote you prices.

ALBERT PIPE SUPPLY CO., Iuc. «
Berry & No. 13th St. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Show friends beaatifal
Christmas Folders with sender’s
name— 50 for $1 .Also fast-selling 21-card Christ¬
mas Assortment for $1. You make 60c. Nine
other Assts. — Satin-Glo. Religions Gift Wrap-
Everyday Cards. Big line DeLuxe Personal
Christmas Cards — finest oat. All easy money¬
makers. Also special money-raising plan forolubs,
church groups, etc. Write for FREE SAMPLES.
WETMORE & SUGDEN, INC., Dept. 558
749 Monroe Avenue :: Rochester, N. Y.

462

Tie RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

"LET'S MOVE ON. FARMER* JONES

JUST BOUGHT A
BY. TELEPHONE."

RAT-PROOF GRANARY

So MANY things can be done quickly,'
simply, easily by telephone. Is there something
you want to buy, for instance? Or something to
sell? Ten to one your telephone can save you
a trip to town.

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM

Shown is a new barn and 2 Marietta Silos. A fire had
left standing only the original “Marietta” — little hurt.
The second was built to replace another type silo which
DID burn. (*Owner’s name on request.)

With barn fires taking an annual toll of $150,000,000,
your safest investment for feed crop safety is Marietta’s
Super-Construction Concrete Silo. Built-to-endure
against ALL natural hazards. Drop-forged concrete
staves — of clean aggregate. (No combustible quarry
refuse.) Special hooping. Red-wood hinged doors.
Investigate! Then invest in Marietta’s “No-Gamble”
Super-Construction. It pays longer profits — LONGER!
Mail postal NOW — for complete facts.

The Marietta Concrete Corp.

MARIETTA,
OHIO

Baltimore, Md.

(Write Nearest\ Ba
Office — Dept.R / Scotia, N. Y.

' Lilesvillc, N. C.

ALSO MAKERS OF FAMOUS MARIETTA

WOOD SILOS. ASK FOR PRICES ! A

JZuild a SISALKRAFT SILO

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TREATED
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When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal See guarantee editorial page.

1941 New York State Fair

(Continued from Page 458)
Cattle

Premiums in the cattle depart¬
ment total $13,146. Holstein-
Friesians will be judged on August
25, 26, and 27, by Paul Misner,
Ellicott City, Md., amount offered
$1,929. Guernseys will be judged on
August 26, 27, and 28 by R. J.
McKenzie, Ipswich, Mass., Observ¬
ing Judge, R, H. Olmstead, State
College, Pa., amount offered, $1,527.
Ayrshires will be judged on August
27 and 28 by David Gibson, Port
Chester, N. Y,, amount offered,
$1,325. The Brown Swiss will be
judged on August 28 by E. S.
Harrison, Ithaca, amount offered,
$1,059. Jerseys will be judged on
August 26, 27, and 28 by S. M.
Salisbury, Columbus, Ohio, amount
offered, $1,402. In the beef cattle
division the Aberdeen-Angus and
Hereford s will be judged by Sidney
Smith, Lake Orion, Mich, on August
25, 26, 27, and 28, Angus awards
total $970 and Hereford awards $683.
The baby beef sale will be held as
usual, following completion of show¬
ing for fat cattle, under the capable
management of Prof. R. B. Hinman,
Ithaca.

All test certificates, both for tu¬
berculosis and Bang’s disease must
be submitted with entry blank and
filed in the office of Director Paul
Smith, Syracuse, N. Y. Entries posi¬
tively close August 5. The Manage¬
ment assumes no responsibility in
case of loss or damage to stock or
other exhibits from any cause, and
reserves the right to cause any
examination or test deemed neces¬
sary to determine the existence of
any suspected disease or condition in
any animal exhibited.

Mr. R. Austin Backus, Mexico,
N. Y., will again be Superintendent
of the Cattle Department. He has
performed the duties of this diffi¬
cult job exceedingly well for the
past few years. All are glad to know
he will be with us again this year.
Entry fee is $2 for each single or
group entry.

The International Salt Company,
Scranton, P^., makers of Sterling
Salt, offers a silver trophy to each
Grand Champion Female in the
various dairy breeds. The breed
associations offer several special
premiums and ribbon awards in
their respective classifications. The
American Aberdeen-Angus Breeders’
Association, W. H. Tomhave, secre¬
tary, 1 Dexter Park Ave., Chicago,
Ill., in addition to a breeders’
pennant offers $200 in special prizes
to be prorated among the individual
classes for Angus cattle. The Ameri¬
can Hereford Association, Kansas
City, Mo., offers special premiums
on the basis of $1 for each $4 offered
by the New York State Fair. Special
Dairy Herd Improvement Association
exhibits are offering premiums for
the total amount of $1,379, and
special county and district exhibits
a total of $1,860. The Alasa Farms
special butterfat trophy is offered
each year for the cow producing the
most total number of pounds of
butterfat in 72 hours during specified
time at the Fair. Classes are open
for oxen, without entry fee, with
total cash awards of $100.

Sheep

E. R. Sweetland, Dryden, N. Y.,
is again Superindendent of the Sheep
and Swine Departments. His splendid
and efficient cooperative work with
exhibitors and breeders in these de¬
partments is greatly appreciated.
Premiums offered in the sheep di¬
vision total $3,993. Entries close
August 5

All exhibitors of sheep at time of
making entry must pay an entry fee
of 50 cents for each single and group
entry. At time of entry the registry
and ear-tag numbers must be given.
All lambs shall be under one year
of age when shown. Animals entered

in the Special County Exhibit classes
must be entered and exhibited in the
regular classes. Not more than two
entries are permitted by one ex¬
hibitor in each class. The Manage¬
ment has named a dependable deal¬
er for the operation of a depot for
the sale of hay, straw, grain and
all other feed stuffs and he will be
prepared to give service at all times
at market prices. This does not
prohibit an exhibitor from bringing
his own feed. An exhibitor detected
in changing ear labels falsely, or
misrepresenting ownership, or guilty
of other infraction of the rules, will
be excluded from competition and
awards.

Luther A. Belden, Bradstreet,
Mass, will judge the following
breeds: Shropshire, Hampshire,

Southdown, Cheviot, and Corriedale.
Walter Thomson, Port Byron, N. Y.,
will place the ribbons for the Cots-
wolds, Leicesters, Lincolns, and
Tunis. Cecil Springstead, Caistor
Center, Ont., Canada, will make the
awards for Oxfords, Dorsets, and
Suffolks. R. W. Duck, Syracuse, N. Y.,
will judge the B-Merinos, Ram-
bouillets, C-Merinos, and Karakuls.

In the County Exhibits a total of
$390 is offered in premiums. The
number of animals to be shown to
compete for these prizes shall be
10 of each breed.

Swine

Entry fee for each swine entry
is 50 cents. In the Champion classes
competition is limited to first-prize
animals; in the Grand Champion
classes, competition is limited to
champion animals. Ages of swine
will be computed from February 1
and September 1. Not more than
two entries are permitted in each
class for one exhibitor.

Mark A. McCarty, State College,
Pa., will judge the various swine
classes. Berkshires, Chester Whites
and Poland-Chinas will be judged
on August 26. The following day the
Hampshires, Duroc-Jerseys, Spotted
Poland Chinas, and New York State
Barrows will be placed. Classes for
New York State Barrows are open
for barrows born after March 1,
1941, and for pen of three barrows,
born after March 1, 1941.

Dairy Goats

Frank L. Harris, Fabius, N. Y., is
Superintendent of the Dairy Goat
Department. Amount offered in cash
premiums totals $396. All grade doe
kids must be sired by purebred
bucks. All goats competing for
championships must be purebreds.
Flocks shall consist of four animals:
one doe, three years or over; one
doe, two years and under three; one
doe, one year and under two; and
one doe kid. All goats must be
milked dry under the supervision of
the Superintendent in charge at
6:00 P. M. the night before judging.
Suitable classes with equitable di¬
vision of premium money are offered
in the following breeds: Alpine
(French and Rock), Nubian, Saanen
and Toggenburg. A milking and
butterfat contest is offered with en¬
tries accepted up to day of contest.

Several special awards and cer¬
tificates and trophies are offered sub¬
ject to conditions and approval of
the American Goat Society, Inc.,
John P. Brox, secretary, Lincoln,
Neb., and the American Milk Goat
Record Association, Will L. TeWalt,
secretary, Vincennes, Ind. Three year
trophies are being presented by Mrs.
Gladys Kite, Jamesville, for Al¬
pines; Mrs. H. H. Coit, Derby, for
Nubians; Chris Dahl, Great River,
for Yearling Nubians; R. O. Field,
Jamestown, for Saanens; and R. L.
Harris, Fabius, for Toggenburgs. The
breeders winning these trophies three
years in succession gain permanent
possession. However, should the
trophies be won by breeders residing
outside of New York State, then, and
in that event, special letters will be
given in place of awarding said
breeders possession of the trophies.

Photo— Herman Foster, Bantam, Conn.

On the Willard Weeks Farm in New Milford, Connecticut.
Left: Mule colt and Mare. Right: flock of nice Pekin ducks.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

463

Summer Management of
Layers

“A rule of thumb”? — Well, it
would be fine if we had a nice, easily
applied standard regulation that
could be used in mapping out our
program for maintaining a good
economical level of egg production
throughout the Summer season.

If we were dealing with a purely
mechanical process such as con¬
structing a bridge, or putting up a
sky scraper we could get engineers
who know the constant rules for
success in these undertakings. When
we deal with hereditary, environ¬
mental and physiological factors that
are involved in the problem of egg
production, or more correctly with
reproduction in the domestic fowl,
we are dealing with the complicated
problems of a living being.

Its inherited capacities or capa¬
bilities are influenced by “internal”
as well as “external” factors. By
internal factors we refer primarily
to those physiological factors that
influence, (1) food intake, (2) di¬
gestion, (3) assimilation, and (4)
food utilization. Every bird differs
in its physical make-up and its
ability to utilize food and transform
it into eggs. Regardless of the bird’s
inherited ability to lay throughout
the Summer and Fall, it may be
limited due to trouble with its di¬
gestive or reproductive capacity.
Another important consideration is
the possibility of some internal dis¬
ease or parasitic infestation under¬
mining the physical condition of our
birds.

There are many external factors
that may be responsible for low
Summer production. The first cm:
these could readily be lice and mites.
Infestations of external parasites are
liable to be very detrimental to good
health and good production. Care
should be exercised' to control lice
on the hens, and mites on the roosts
and drop platforms. Secondly, poor
ventilation resulting in extremely
hot hen houses, hot nests and hot
roosting quarters will also have an
adverse affect on production. A
little extra care taken to keep the
birds cool and comfortable will pay
dividends in continued production.
Many other factors of management
may be responsible for poor Summer
production:

(1) Sudden change of feed, (2)
improper relation between grain
and mash consumption, (3) moving
birds, (4). disturbing birds for culling
purposes, (5) unusual frightening of
birds, (6) rough handling, (7) poor
quality of birds at start of year,
(8) birds losing body weight due
to mistakes in feeding practices,
and (9) the time of hatch, may all
influence the layers during Summer.

Then in order to secure good
Summer production it is necessary:
First, to have started with rugged
healthy pullets, free from intestinal
parasites; second, that these birds
shall have had a suitable productive
capacity inherited from the parent
stock; third, that no serious mistakes
have been made in housing, feeding
or general management up to this
time; and fourth, it is, of course,
understood that all birds having
failed to stand the “acid test” of
satisfactory production have been
culled out and have gone to market.

Thus with potential producers how
shall we be able to maintain good
Summer production? I have already
stated that birds must be kept cool
and comfortable, free from internal
and external parasites, and main¬
tained at a satisfactory body weight.
Body weight can be sustained by
the use of increased grain feeding,
or fleshing mashes. If production is
not up to the desired point it can
be increased with a moist stimulating
mash provided the body weight of
birds is maintained. A fleshing
mash comes usually at a lower pro¬
tein level than a laying mash, and
a stimulating mash at a slightly
higher protein level than a laying
mash. A stimulating mash must be
used with caution, and on birds that
are kept for egg production only.

Another possible cause for de¬
clining production may be the feed¬
ing of too large quantities of green
or succulent supplementary feeds.
They are often fed in such large
quantities as to cause a decrease in
mash consumption and a resulting
decline in egg production follows.
Every effort must be made to secure
increased consumption of laying
mash if high Summer production is
to be secured and maintained.

T. B. Charles

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

2- A (fluid cream) $2.15 per cwt.

The eight other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $1,927; 2-C,
$1,877; 3-A, $1,879; 3-B, $1,827; 3-C, $1,657;

3- D, $1,602; 4-A, $1,527; 4-B, $1,572.

Fluid sales for the whole month of May,

1941 amounted to 243,852,454 pounds and
there was a total of 700,078,105 pounds of
milk in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 15 cents;
28 cents for 2-quart container.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 34% to 35s/2c; 91 to 92
score, 34 to 34!/2c; 88 to 90 score, 32 to
33V2c; unsalted, best, 36c; 90 to 92 score.
33 V2 to 35c.

EGGS

White, premium marks, 35Vzc; specials,
32>/2c; standards, 29c; firsts, 27c; under-
grades, 26y2c exchange mediums, 32c;
Pacific Coast specials, 37y2c; standards,
35y2c; mediums, 33y2c; brown, extra fancy,
36c; specials, 30'/2c; standards, 28 '/2c; me¬
diums, 30; duck eggs, 30c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 20c; broilers, 25c; turkeys, 32c;
ducks, ;5c; roosters, 16c; squabs, 36c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11; bulls, $9; cows, $7.50; calves,
$13; lambs, $12; hogs, $11.80.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $2; beets, bu., 50c;
cabbage, iy2 bu., 90c; carrots, bu., $1;
cauliflower, crate, $2.50; celery, y2 crate, $2-
sweet corn, 100, $1.25; cucumbers, bu., $1.25-
eggplant, bu., $1.25; lettuce crate,
$1.50; lima beans, bu., $2.75; onions,
50 lbs., 90c; peas, bu., $2; peppers,
bu., $1.25; radishes, bu., 50c; spinach, bu.,
$1; squash, bu., 75c; tomatoes, 12-qt. crate,
80c; 20 qt., $1.75; water cress, bunch, 4c;
potatoes, 100 lbs., 75c to $1.50.

FRUITS

Apples, new, bu., $1.25; muskmelons,
crate. $1.50; cherries, 4-qt. bskt., 40c;
blackberries, qt., 25c; currants, qt., 18c-
hucklebernes, qt., 32c; cultivated, pint,
16c; raspberries, pt., 20c; peaches, bu., $2.50;
watermelons, each, 75c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, Timothy, $22; No. 2, $21; No.
3, $19; clover mixed, $25; straw, oat and
wheat, $15.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red. $1.22%; corn. No. 2,
yellow, 91c; oats. No. 2, 48c; . rye, 7614c-
barley, 73c.

FEED

Bran, $31.60; middlings, $35.60; hominy.
$32.35; cottonseed meal, $38.60; linseed
meal, $28.50.

BUFFALO FEED MARKET

Middlings, $29; bran, $29; com, No. 2,
yellow, 90%c; oats. No. 2, white, 43%c;
barley, 54%c; cottonseed meal, $39.65.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 45 to 48c; eggs, 47 to 51c: string-
beans, lb., 12c; peas, lb., 15c; cherries, lb.,
20c; huckleberries, qt., 40c; blackberries,
qt., 30c; peaches, lb., 3 to 4c; muskmelons,
each, 20c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 35c; eggs, 37c; live fowls, 21c;
chickens, 26c; dressed fowls, 27c; chickens,
25c; squabs, 36c; apples, new, bu., $1;
mushrooms, 3 lbs., $1.10; potatoes, 100 lbs.,
$1; spinach, bu., 75c; tomatoes, bkt., 40c.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 35c; eggs, 29c; hens, 22c; chickens,
22c; ducks. 13c; apples, bu., 85c; potatoes,
100 lbs., $1.50; hay, $16.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12; bulls. $9.50; cows. $8; calves,
$12.50; sheep, $3.50; lambs, $11; hogs, $11.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12; bulls, $10; cows, $7.50; calves,
$13.50; lambs, $9.50; hogs, $11.50.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 38c; eggs, 42c; dressed fowls, 26c;
chickens, 23c; turkeys, 33c; apples, bu., $1;
potatoes, 100 lbs., 85c; wool, combing,
scoured basis, $1.03.

DREW

Christie's NEW HAMPSHIRE.

«/17of SPIZZERINKTUM

CHICKS FOR FALL BROODS
MUST HAVE SPIZZERINKTUM

EXTRA Vitality is needed to keep
up growth through Fall and Winter
You get it in Chirks from
my 40.000 State Pullorum Tested Breed¬
ers (No Reactors). Every week, we're
hatching Straight N. Hamps.. Straight
Barred Rocks and Chris-Cross Barred
for Catalog and prices. Order early.
CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

KERR

CHICKS

LIVE

Biwmmm's emeus

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O D Ban
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $7.00 per l{
J-.eo7,,.Aloed WOO-100. All breeders Blood-Test
CIRCULAR FREE. 100% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, I

TOXITE KILLS

red mUes. bed hugs, fleas, lice. etc. quic
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away, i
by dealers ever^vhere Write for free poultr? b

■ UAiifc LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown,

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng Wh. Leg. $12. 00 $3.00 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks.. 8.50 7.00 7.00
R.I. Reds, Rd-Rk. Cr. 8.50
New Hampshire Reds 9.50

Heavy Mixed . 8.00

Pullets Guaranteed 95%

$5.50. Cash or C. O. D. Write the
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving

7.00 7.00
7.00 8.00
6.50 6.50
Accurate.
Old
full

Defend Your Egg Profits With

‘The GIZZARD CAPSULE

• Start your fight against "profit¬
robbing” worms during the grow¬
ing period. Give your young stock
Gizzard Capsules NOW and watch
results. The Gizzard Capsule is
effective, safe and easy to use.

Tough on all three kinds of
worms — Large Round, Large Tape
and Pin Worms — but easy on
birds! No bad after-effects or loss
of production. Costs about lc or.
less per bird. Over 150 million'
used. At your Lee Dealer or post¬
paid from

GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.

Manufacturers of Germozone, Acidox, Lee-
mulsion and other Lee Poultry Remedies

BROILER CHICKS

OF CONTROLLED BREEDING

If.you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard’s
Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
'tfr— Aimakes these big-bodied chicks
live, feather early, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production.
Also sexed chicks.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

REDUCED^'PRICIS

SWENE (HICKS

SEXED, DAY-OLD OR STARTED

, * PULLETS

| ELMER H. WEXE [

Uo NEW jersey

- a. APPROVED

6 Million Wene Chicks
Sold in 1940

24-HOUR SERVICE

on many popular kinds.

1,800,000 EGG HATCH¬
ING CAPACITY

Hatches Every Week
Year Around

Sold on CREDIT
If Desired

East’s Largest Chick Pro¬
ducer. All popular pure or
crossbreeds. Bloodtested.
Write for FREE CATA¬
LOG AND BARGAIN
SUMMER PRICES.

DEPT. 2815-H,

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! J.

“WELL BREDA-WELL BREEDERS’

We have the facts —

and we have the evidence why HALL'S
CHICKS should make more MONEY
for you. There isn’t room here to tell
the story but you’ll find it set forth
clearly in our attractive 24 page cata¬
log. It’s yours for the asking.
SEND FOR YOUR FREE COPY.

Hal I Bros. Hstchcry, Inc. Wallingford, Conn.

For EGGS. For MEAT,

Raise WARREN’S CHAMPION REDS
U. S. Mass. Pullorum Clean

Tested Yearly Since 1929. NO Reactors
Straight R. I. REDS & ROCK-RED Cross

Same blood and breeding as our sensational
leaders at Laying Contests. Our Straight R. I.
Reds (one grade only) are sired by Advanced
R.O.P. cockerels from 240-343 egg dams. Our
Rock-Red Hybrids are bred for eggs as well as
for meat. They will give you fast growth, quick
feathering, smooth finish — and the pullets will
lay like our famous Reds.

Hatches every week — book your order now,

Write today for Catalog and prices.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield. Mass,

— • Bonded Against B.W.D.r\_

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean— no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Maul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

our Flocks. Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EH RENZELLER. Box R, McAlisterville. Pa.

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 Too - Too

Hanson or Large Type S P J,'

| n k.- l Bed*- f §

R. W. Elsasser Poultry Farm, Box R, McAlisterville'. P^l

CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

95% Guar. Pullets Str.

- - 100% live del. 100

Large Type English Leghorns. .$7.00
Rar- & Wh. Bocks, R. I. Reds 7.50

Red-Rock Cross . 8 no

N. H. Reds . 8.50

5;. *®-5()-|0O- All Breeders Bloodtested.

paid. Cash or C.O.D. It will pay vou to cet mm

7 "h ATcrHeeE^Y8. eXPerlenCe’

r- B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa.

Pult’s

100

$12.00

9.50

10.00

13.00

Ckls.

100

$3.00

7.50

Post-

TOLMAN’S Plymouth ROCKS
Baloy Cliiclis
$10.00 Per 100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN'S
ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

ifimrs^r

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) ... $5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. Rox, R. I. & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.50 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

ULSH FARMS CHICKS

All Breeders carefully culled and Bloodtested. Order
direct. Satisfaction and safe arrival Guar. Cat. Free.
Shipments Mon. & Thurs. — 'Jnsexed Pullets, Cockerels
„ Will Ship C. O. D. 100 100 100

white or Brown Leghorns . $7.00 $12.50 $3 00

Bl. or Buff. Leg.. Anconas . 7.50 13.50 4 00

Bar. White or Buff Rocks . 7.50 9.50 7 00

Wh. Wyand.. R. I. Reds, Red-Rocks 7.50 9.50 700

New Hampshires. Rock-Red Cross.. 7.50 10.50 7 00

Sexing guaranteed 95% correct. Our 20th year
ULSH POULTRY FARM, Box R. Port Trevorton. Pa.

PULLETS-PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

OF QIINJTy-OISH 0RC.0.D
BLoomm

100% dei. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 9o%) too 100 100

English VVhite Leghorns, Special. . $7.00 $13.00 $3.00
R- R- L & N. H. Beds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R, MCALISTERVILLE. PA.

ul 1 1 e t s

S. C. White Leghorns; 3,000, all ages. Ready for
delivery. Range raised. Write, Telephone, or call.

LUKERT LEGHORN FARM, East Moriches, N. Y.
(Telephone Cer'er Moriches 427)

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) PulL
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers!
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-

.. _ „ v.cio. -L'uiucx. v/iiamoer-

lin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.’

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTEN HOUSE. Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

A. W. ULSH’S

CHIX

Bar. A Uti. Rocks $7.-100; KKRed^^MM^Gy!
Mixed $5.95-100. Postpaid. 100% live del. Cash or
C. O. D. All Breeders Bloodtested. Free Circular

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery. Box R, Beaver Springs, Pal

pill I ETC _ UCWC Hanson's World Record and

I ULLL1 J HLil d Tom Barron Breeding-354
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege. 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now "AAA A”
mating 40« up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM, Box 3041, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

• MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Rock3 and New
Hampshires, $7.50-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. A11 commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

Pllllpfc Prom New York State
* kXXXw-’ a® Certified hens. 3000

Ls. c. w.

EGHORN * Certified

production bred; disease free; vaccinated: rich clover
range reared. Circular. EDWARD MAYER & SON.
Bridgehampton. Long Island, New York

Leghorn Pallets *V80Wh*althoyn puf^

range. Prom blood tested stock. Vaccinated. Some now
laying. A. H. PENNY. MATTITUCK. NEW YORK

P U I p V C New Hampshires. Barred Rocks. White
uniuvo Leghoms. $5.75-100. C.O.D. shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM. R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Bronze; Bourbon Red. Royal Palm Poults. Choice
breeding stock. Elsie Hallack. Washington Depot, Ct.

GIANT RftHFN DUCKS $3.50 each. Trios $10.00.

Ulfilll HUULll p, Hendrickson, Cobleskill. N. Y.

GUINEA fHIfKS Eay~0.'i or tVT0 wee,ts started.

UUliiLrt LXllLnj Drexel Turkey Farm, Edgemont, Pa.

464

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

EXHIBITORS ! ! !

Have You A
Prize Winner ? ? ?

Livestock Poultry
Needle-work
Culinary Arts

Write for FREE Premium Book

The American Institute

Of The City of New York

• 60 East 42nd Street, New York City

New York County Fair

September 10 through 20

Madison Square Garden, New York

Subscribers’ Exchange

)ther Advertisements of Subscriber s
Exchange will be found on page 467.

Help Wanted

V ANTED — Elderly man for small Poultry
farm. Good home. No bad habits. State
salary, details, references. F. M. TAYLOR,
Yardville, N. J. _ _ _ _

GIRL — General houseworker. Three in
family. Small cottage; all conveniences.
Suffernf N. Y. ADVERTISER 2163, care
Rural New-Yorker. _

EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITY for single,
middleaged poultry man or couple (no
children) to handle a Leghorn breeding
farm. Must be industrious and capable.
Good wages and living conditions. State
full particulars and references. ADVER¬
TISER 2199, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farmhand, must be expert
milker; no liquor. $60 month, room and
board. PETER VANDERMARK, Hibernia
Ave., Rockaway, N. J. Phone Rockaway,
N. J. 1151-M.

HOUSEKEEPER, MIDDLEAGED, cook, care
boy three. No laundry. Business couple,
country home Connecticut. ADVERTISER
2205, care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE WOMAN, light housework; small
chicken farm. Good home, year round for
willing worker. $25 monthly. BECKWITT,
Bound Brook, N. J.

COUPLE — Six acre farm home, Stamford.,
Conn.; 40 miles New York. Will reside
separate modernized cottage; man outside
work, practical knowledge, handy work,
gardening, poultry, occasional driving.
Woman’s duties, laundry. Heat, light, farm
products provided. $60 monthly. Permanent
home, right couple. Full particulars, refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2200, care Rural New-
Yorker.

NO RENT, use of three room bungalow,
garage, tractor, plow, chicken house an.d
cleared land of about two acres with other
large acreage easily cleared in exchange
for care and feeding of dogs and care of
grounds. State full name, address, age,
color, nationality. (If American, nationality
of parents), married and with references.
P. O. BOX 12, Middle Island, L. I., N. Y.

SINGLE MAN, good teamster for general
farm work, no heavy milking, assist in
stripping 16 cows; steady job. State age,
salary, references. ADVERTISER 2207, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young woman, Protestant,
general housework, new home. $30 month,
private room, small family. Northern New
Jersey. ADVERTISER 2208, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man, experienced farming and
dairy. $45 and board or married man, no
children, $60 and modern house. Northern
New Jersey. ADVERTISER 2209, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE, MATURE, working manager. Ex¬
perienced dairy and poultry farmer by
choice with progressive ideas. Initiative en¬
couraged. Small farm, within village limits.
October 1st. ADVERTISER 2210, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MAN HANDY, 50 years, for tourist camp.
DeMUTH, New Russia, N. Y.

CARETAKER FOR long established hunt¬
ing club, Sullivan County; married; must
be woodsman. Good salary, house, farm¬
ing privileges if desired. Give age, experi¬
ence and references in first letter. V. S.,
217 Brookyln Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WOMAN FOR laundry and cabins;: $40 per
month. Also young girl to wait on tables
and general work, wages and good tips.
DeMUTH, New Russia, N. Y.

HERDSMAN WANTED, married man for
immediate opening in small but growing
herd of registered Holsteins. North Eastern
Pennsylvania. Must know modern dairy
practice and farm methods. Modern house,
light, fuel. Permanent position. Wages will
increase as herd increases. Give full par¬
ticulars. ADVERTISER 2212, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Dairy foreman for modern farm,
good .living condition. Answer giving age,
married, children, experiences, wages wanted
and when available. A. L. BUSCHMAN,
32 West 23rd St., New York City.

WANTED COUPLE, year job, houseworker,
cook. Handyman, gardener. Good home,
country; $70 monthly start. JOHN W.
BLOCK, Erskine Rd., Stamford, Conn.

WANTED — Lifetime experienced farmer,
any age, for general farm. TOSTRUDE,
591 Powell St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Milk plant man on farm dairy,
pasteurize, bottle, etc. BOX 25, Willow
Grove, Pa.

MIDDLEAGED COUPLE, also single man.

Men general farmers, drivers. Woman,
cook, housekeeper. Reference, good wages,
room and board. N. PAPPAS, 200 West
50th St., New York City.

Situations Wanted

HOUSEKEEPER, 36, good plain cook-baker;

will work for maintenance for self and
two well-behaved sons, 12, 13; plus small
salary. Available immediately. Christian.
State details. MRS. A. ALBERTS, General
Delivery, Flushing, Long Island.

WORKING FOREMAN, life experience poul¬
try; 36, married, two children, wants
work. Would prefer profit sharing arrange¬
ment. Write P. O. BOX 357, Wrentham,
Mass.

DAIRY AND farm manager, high type.

Reliable all-around man with years of
experience in dairy and farm work. Ex¬
cellent knowledge of cattle trading. Married.
Best of references. Address ADVERTISER
2151, care Rural New-Yorker.

WIDOW, MIDDLEAGED, would like house¬
keepers position for elderly gentleman;
country preferred. MRS AUGUSTA CAIRNS,
27 East 13th St., Huntington Station, L. I.

OPEN FOR position by October 1st, first
class farmer and livestock man. Well ex¬
perienced with dairy and beef cattle,
poultry, etc. Can produce results. Salary
and share proposition considered. Must
have good living and working conditions.
Married, one child. New York or New
Jersey. State particulars. ADVERTISER 2165,
care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN desires position as milker or
dairyman, experienced in Grade A and
pasteurized milk plants; New Jersey pre¬
ferred. Please state wages and work. AD¬
VERTISER 2169, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED PROTESTANT man desires po¬
sition as caretaker; reasonable wages and
good home. ADVERTISER 2170, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Probable Coccidiosis

My chicks three months old have
very white combs, they walk un¬
steadily, don’t eat very much and
they are getting lame one after an¬
other m. G.

New York

Your birds three months of age
are probably infected with cocci¬
diosis. Pale combs, “deadly” walk,
loss of appetite and loss of use of
legs are typical symptoms of cocci¬
diosis, discussed on page 359 of the
May 31, 1941 issue of The R. N.-Y.
In regard to your young chicks, did
they come from a pullorum free
flock? Deaths from pullorum disease
cause a heavy loss during the first
ten days of brooding. It is, of course,
possible that these chicks became
chilled or overheated before or after
being placed in the brooder. Spots
on the lungs of laying birds may in¬
dicate pullorum infection. Birds
going blind may be infected with
worms, chronic coccidiosis or the
leucosis complex.

Feeding Turkeys

What can I feed my young

turkeys? They are two months old.
I have been feeding them turkey

mash and have had very good luck.
Should I keep feeding them mash
all the time? f. w.

New Jersey

Turkeys should have mash avail¬
able during the entire growing

period. The last four to six weeks
they should have a finishing mash,
or the grain intake should be in¬
creased.

It requires about 60-70 lbs. of feed
to grow a turkey to 24 weeks. This
refers to turkeys averaging to weigh
about 15 lbs.; 10-12 for hens and
15-18 for toms. If you are using a
ready mixed turkey feed, follow the
directions of the feed manufacturer.
These mashes are designed to get
the best growth and finish. You
can probably use grain in addition
to the mash after 16 weeks, but
follow the directions of the company
from whom you get your feed.

August 9, 1941

COMMON SENSE poultryman will con¬
sider business proposition. ADVERTISER
2197, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER, 63, single, sober. ADVER¬
TISER 2201, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED. exceptional man,
single, reliable, middleaged, good mana¬
ger, fully experienced, small estate, farm,
livestock, caretaker, houseman, drivers
license; permanent. ADVERTISER 2202,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN AND wife, Hollander, desires position
as gardener and general housework.
Thoroughly experienced in greenhouse,
vegetables and estate work, excellent mana¬
ger, not afraid of work, doesn’t drink or
smoke; good wages and living quarters.
A-l references. BOX 742, Villanova, Pa.

PRACTICAL NURSE, hospital experience,
care elderly people or companion, willing
to travel. MRS. PAULINE BAILEY,
Cooperstown, N. Y.

MIDDLEAGED WOMAN to act as caretaker;

plain cooking. MRS. PAULINE BAILEY,
Cooperstown, N. Y.

RESPONSIBLE WORKING manager, full
charge, private place where conscientious
man desired; married; girls, 12, 14, 25

years experience all phases of farming,
stock, machinery; sober character, compe¬
tent, trustworthy, excellent references.
Previous position satisfactory 10 years. AD¬
VERTISER 2204, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED LADY and son 17 wants po¬
sition as housekeeper for respectable
Protestant male adults in New York.
CLARA FIELD, Washington, N. J.

MAN, 26, some agricultural college, poultry
experience, energetic, for work on farm.
ADVERTISER 2206, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER MIDDLEAGED. experi¬
enced, reliable; write particulars. E. A.
TAYLOR, Potter Hill, Rhode Island.

Situations Wanted

COUPLE, WHITE, for farm work, ages 42
and 45. Wife to board help. No children.
ADVERTISER 2172, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED TEACHER, dependable,

wants rural position. ADVERTISER 2191,
care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED DAIRYMAN and livestock
man, agricultural school graduate, good
habits, references. ADVERTISER 2180, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, RELIABLE, wish caretaking.

Cook, serve, general houseworker, garden¬
er-lawn, repairs, handy. ADVERTISER 2181,
care Rural New-Yorker.

ENGINEER — New York license, middleaged.

Steam, Diesel experience, oil permit ma¬
chinist, steam fitting; consider out of town
position. Wife’s services available. ADVER¬
TISER, 32-22 53rd PI., Woodside, L. I., N. Y.

WANTED — Position on poultry farm; 40,
able, willing worker. No experience. Salary
no object. ADVERTISER 2185, care Rural
New-Yorker?

GERMAN-AMERICAN, single, middleaged,
reliable; chauffeur and butler wants po¬
sition. Best references. ROBERT HANKE,
care Herman, 219 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn,
New York.

HERDSMAN, FARMER, milk house man, 30,
single, no drinker; experienced all farm-
work, teamster, tractor; good pay, steady
job only. ADVERTISER 2186, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MARRIED AMERICAN farmer, age 46,
wishes position on general farm. Handle
team, tractor and machinery, willing and
trustworthy worker. Salary to include house
and privileges. ADVERTISER 2187, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERT FARM dairy manager, all branch¬
es; specialty Guernseys, Leghorns. Re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2190, care Rural New-
Yorker.

SUPERINTENDENT — Working farm mana¬
ger wants position where his training and
years of experience will be of value to
owner of large dairy farm or country estate.
Only first class position considered. Age
48, married. Best of references. ADVER¬
TISER 2198, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 24, wants few months work,
farm, orchard. PAUL, 430 East 162nd St.,
New York City.

FARM MANAGER: Open, sound, practical
knowledge cattle, prolific clean milk pro¬
duction, mechanized farming; reliable. Re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2194, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MARRIED FARMER, age 42, lifetime ex¬
perience all branches farming, now em¬
ployed; must give one month’s notice.
Wants working managers’ position, house
and $90 month plus 10% profits. ADVER¬
TISER 2195, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED BY lifelong farmer with three
boys of school age, position, taking com¬
plete charge of herd of dairy cattle; able
to manage entire' farm and crops as well.
Wages $90 per month with privileges. Write
ADVERTISER 2196, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED AMERICAN lady, middleaged,
Protestant, respectable, wishes position to
take care of widowers home; honest, trust¬
worthy, reliable, A-l references exchanged.
BOX 694, New Canaan, Conn.

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR, experienced,
wishes position in hotel or business
P. B. X. or small exchange in New England.
L. S. BURPEE, North Wakefield, N. H.

Country Board

“RIVERSIDE FARMS,” large modern home
by river. Swimming; shady screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

TWO VACANCIES in a small convalescent
home for chronic, bedridden, convalescent
or elderly patients. Excellent food, good
care; from $25 weekly.* ADVERTISER 2149,
care Rural New-Yorker.

VACATION — Wm. Neill’s modem farm.
Bethel, N. Y. Games, home cooking, own
products; swimming near. $14-$15 weekly.

WANTED — Two boys, two years old, to
board on farm near Portland. Protestant
home. Write for pictures and information.
ADVERTISER 2154, care Rural New-Yorker.

SPEND YOUR vacation in beautiful
Central New York at CLIFFORD’S OLD
HOMESTEAD, Madison, N. Y. All you can
eat of the best of everything. Boating,
fishing, bathing; $30 per week per couple.
For reference we refer you to the editor
of this paper who has been our guest.

ELDERLY WOMAN wants home in country
or village. Terms, ADVERTISER 2173,
care Rural New-Yorker.

LOVELY FARM home, State inspected for
elderly or retired persons. $8 per week,
MAURICE HEIGHTS FARM, Halifax, Pa.

LARGE FARM, elevation 2,009. Beautiful
views, mile off Route 6. All conveniences,
quiet, restricted; $14 week. “OLD HOME¬
STEAD, • Mansfield, Pa.

WANTED — Boarders, quiet modern country
home near town. $8 week in advance.
MRS. FRANK JOHNSON, Louisa, Va.
Phone 31.

Fruits and Foods

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer.
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 75c; 3
lbs. $2, prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

NEW HONEY, as fine as we have ever pro¬
duced, 60 lb. can here, clover $4.60; buck¬
wheat (1940) $3.30; clover mixed $3.80. Ten
lb. pail postpaid $1.65; buckwheat or mixed
$1.40. Honey for re-sale in glass and tin.
RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey. Five
pounds (liquid) $1.10, 2 pails $2, 5 pounds
(liquid and comb) chunk $1.25; postpaid
into third zone. Eat honey — Nature’s own
sweet. FRANK MANCHESTER, Middlebury,
Vermont.

Miscellaneous

PURE LEATHER colored Italian queen bees,
50c each; 20 or more 40c each. Imme¬
diate shipments. JASPER KNIGHT, Hayne-
ville, Albama.

POULTRYMAN, 23, experienced farm school
graduate. Willing worker, ambitious; seeks
good home. State salary. SETH LOWEN-
THAL, 1436 Clay Ave., Bronx, N. Y.

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cau¬
casian queens, 60c each; very gentle and
productive. HARRY CONNER, Stockton,
New Jersey.

WANTED — Amerdon mill with at least
20 ft. carriage. OSCAR S. JANSEN, Box
2, Wallkill, N. Y.

WANTED — Rake reaper for cutting buck¬
wheat. C. H. ODELL, Mohegan Lake, N. Y.

WANTED — A grain drill about 20 openings.

JACK LAYDON’S HOG FARM, North
Haven, Conn.

FOR SALE: 52 yards rag carpet (new) $1.50
per yard. WEEKS, Norton, Vermont.

•the RURAL NEW-YORKER

465

BEST BUY/

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Why do more farmers use PAPEC
Cutters than any other make?
It’s because Papec is the best buy —
a simpler, sturdier, easier-
running machine that
handles ALL your rough-
age faster and with less labor — any
silage crop — hay for barn or stack
—straw after combining. And you
actually pay $25 to $75 less for a
fully equipped Papec. Six models —
3 to 30 HP. No need to
buy more or less capacity
than you need. Extra¬
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main shaft save up to 25% on gas.
Knives and other parts cost less and
are always quickly obtainable.

See your dealer or send
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this ad for free booklet
giving 6 practical ideas you can use.
78 illustrations. Sent by return mail.

_ Paner Machine Co.,

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Shortsville.N.Y.

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with Dellinger
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you can make hay —
ra»o or shine. ®

5 to 50 H.P.
Write for bulletin.

DELLINGER MFG. CO., 731 N. Prince St., Lancaster, Pa.

SAVE
$20. to $50.

SPECIAL TO DAIRYMEN

We have just developed an entirely
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Send postcard for Free Catalog, prices—
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J. M. FRAWLEY,

1152 Sumner Ave., Schenectady, N. Y.
or

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A Community Butchering
Service

A custom slaughtering, meat cut¬
ting and curing enterprise has been
developed by C. G. Munger, on his
30 acre farm near North East, Erie
County, Pennsylvania. The business
is well patronized, approximately
2,000 hogs having been butchered by
Mr. Munger during the past year, and
between 300 and 400 head of cattle
during the same period. Other
animals included sheep, lambs, goats,
and deer.

Mr. and Mrs. Munger had operated
a butcher shop and store in North
East but in the last four or five
years the needs of the community
were recognized and Mr. Munger
disposed of the store, devoting his
attention to butchering. He inaugu¬
rated a pick-up system which con¬
tributes to his income. Hogs are
picked up at the farm within 10 or
12 miles of North East for 50 cents
each. The charge for cattle is $1,
Mr. Munger charges $1 for killing
and dressing hogs, unless they are
excessively heavy ones; $1 for dress¬
ing calves, or 50 cents for hog dress¬
ing calves, and $1 for dressing a bee,:.

The charge for sausage grinding
is one cent a pound, and for grind¬
ing and seasoning two cents a pound.
The old time family sausage recipe
is used. Mr. Munger country cures
and smokes hams and shoulders for
50 cents each. The bacon which a
medium-sized hog yields is also
cured and smoked for 50 cents. Meat
left in his plant for cooling and
aging is handled at one cent a pound.
In the case of sales' of meat for a
farmer, Mr. Munger charges one-half
cent a pound brokerage charge for
quarters or sides, and one cent a
pound in broken lots.

Farmers who have been having
Mr. Munger do their butchering are
now having him cut up the hog or
beef. He charges 50 cents for cut-
itng up a hog for packing in the
pork barrel. Farmers consider this
service a saving to them.

In the last four or five years Mr.
Munger has developed a highly satis¬
factory butchering and meat curing
service. His customers include a
large group of farmers in the fruit
belt east of Erie and as far south
as Wattsburg, and in adjoining sec¬
tions of Chautauqua County, New
York. One farmer brought a truck
load of hogs from 15 miles south of
Conneautj Ohio, 60 miles away, for
butchering, considering the service
worth while.

The shop has outgrown the little
one room building first used. A
much larger building has been
erected with facilities for killing,
scalding, hanging up of hogs and
the smoking of meat. A large re¬
frigeration plant for the cooling and
holding of meat is also included.

Mr. Munger says that he frequent¬
ly takes his pay in meat, oftentimes
paying the farmer a difference in
the case of a half a hog. He sells
some meat, but requires that the
buyer take a half a hog, a ham or
shoulder, rather than small pieces
or roasts or steak for a Sunday
dinner. Mr. Munger is filling a gap
in the life of the community, and the
business is fully as satisfactory as
in the days when he served the
public over the counter.

Pennsylvania Walter Jack

Silage From Bushes

Would leafy bushes and leaves
from trees be injurious to cows if
put into silage? Blow much molasses
should be used with grass silage?

New York E. w.

It would not be advisable to at¬
tempt to make silage from brush and
leaves. It is probable their tannic
acid content would prove injurious
for feeding.

In putting up grass or legume
silage the general recommendations
are from four to eight gallons of
molasses per ton of green material.
Immature grass requires smaller
amounts than more mature grass,
the legumes such as alfalfa need
from seven to eight galllons per
ton. r. w. D.

Goats and Hog Cholera

Are goats subject to hog cholera?
I have a few pigs I want to vaccinate,
but if goats are subject to it? I will
not do so. a. p.

New Jersey

Goats will not contract hog
cholera. It would be safe to vaccin¬
ate your pigs against this disease
Without infecting the goats, r. w. d.

r : '

PH 3

Now get faster, more economical
growth — up to 35% increase above
normal gains — with the new Bea¬
con Calf Starter. Tested on our
Dairy Research Farm and proved
on many dairy farms in the North¬
east, this new feed helps you raise
better, healthier calves at less cost
than by any ordinary method.

It saves on milk, too — less than
two forty-quart cans are needed
to grow a calf. There’s no waste — •
calves like this palatable feed. It’s
safe — whether fed in large or small
amounts — and there’s been no evi¬
dence of digestive scours. Easy to
feed, it saves time. Plus lower cost
— only $23.00* covers ALL feed
and milk costs to five months of
age according to repeated tests.

*At present prices

FREE BULLETIN

Write for FREE copy
of new calf feeding
bulletin — tells complete story of
this new Beacon Calf Starter made from a mixture of
pellets and grain. Write TODAY!

The BEACON MILLING CO., Inc., Cayuga, N. Y.

YOU CAN PREVENT

LIGHTNING

FROM DOING THIS

TO YOU !

BUILD DAIRY IMPROVEMENTS

WITH

CONCRETE

LlGHTNING causes more flaming
barns, corn cribs and silos than any other
fire hazard. It also ranks second to defec¬
tive flues as the main source of fire in the
home. Records of the National Board of
Fire Underwriters' prove it.

There's a way to eliminate this danger¬
ous farm fire hazard. Check the unfailing
protection to farm and family a small in¬
vestment in a West Dodd Lightning Protec-
tection System provides. West Dodd is the
oldest and largest manufacturer. Thousands
of installations, ranging from dairy barns
to national defense projects have proved
West Dodd’s merit. Modern materials and
methods make a West Dodd System almost
completely invisible. Investigate.

WEST DODD

LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR CORP.
420 LEXINGTON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY
GOSHEN, INDIANA

Concrete milk houses, cooling tanks
and dairy barns pay for themselves
in bigger milk checks. Concrete's
sanitary features meet health de¬
partment requirements; keep your
cows healthier; make your work
easier. Write for helpful free book¬
let, “Dairy Farm Improvements of
Concrete."

PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION

Dept. K8b-16, 347 Madison Ave., New York, N. V.

Dept. M8b- 10, 1528 Walnut St., Phila., Pa.

OPERATORS
PROSPER!

'Fords Portable Ham-
mermill Operators now
| _ ''cashing in” on stead¬

ily increasing nation-wide demand for custom -mixed
feeds on farmers' own premises. Only Fords equipment
performs all three optional services: straight -grind¬
ing, mixing with supplements, and "sweet feed” pro¬
duction by exclusive Molasses Impregnator. Positively
no delay for mixing. 25% down, balance from earn¬
ings. Investigate today.

MYERS-SHERMAN CO.

1222 East 12th. Street, Streator, Illinois

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a •' square deal.” See guarantee editorial page.

fh» RURAL. NEW-YORKER

August 9, 1941

466

■BBfOPt 7i

POLKS 2°

SAYS UNCLE h/ED

NOW YOU CAN SAVE MONEY—

AVOID DELAY-BY BUYING RUTLAND

NO-TAR-IN AT LOCAL STORES

A GALLON
IN 5 GAL. CANS

.Prices slightly higher i
L in south and west A

Even'a hand¬
kerchief sheds
water when
coated with
Rutland No-
Tar-In... proof
it makes leaky
roofs tight as
new./

YES, siree . . . prices on Rut¬
land Roof Coating are 40%
lower than 1 0 years ago. What’s
more, you don’t have to order
Rutland by mail— and hope it
won’t be raining when it
comes. Your local hardware,
paint or building supply dealer
can give you. immediate de¬
livery.

"Rutland is the roof coating
that waterproofs better ana
wears longer. Because it isn’t
loaded with solvents that evap¬
orate the minute you turn your
back. More material stays on —
forming a heavy, tough film of
asphalt and asbestos that
doesn’t crawl, crack or peel.
There’s not a drop of tar in
Rutland. It’s ideal for all roofs
except shingles.” Uncle Ned.
P. S. For badly worn holes,
around flashings, etc. first ap¬
ply RutlandNo. 4 Roof Cement.

SPATING

ifeuy co.l

Uncla Ned’s 100 How-to-FIx-lti. Tells you how fo repair
all kinds of roofs— mend broken plaster — fix leaks in
furnaces and do 9 7 other iobs. Mail post card to Rutland
Fire Clay Co., Dept. HR-8, Rutland, Vt.

-.hc doing ,s
The % XQO

f0r

rou^

FRICK

mo t

MARK

Whether it’s a silo filler, teed mill,
or pick-up cutter, it will stand rough
going if it carries the Frick trade¬
mark. Nearly 90 years’ experience
as builders of power farming ma¬
chinery are your assurance that
Frick equipment is made to stand up
under heavy duty, year in and year
out, while earning a profit for you.
Whatever your needs for power
farming, there’s a Frick machine to
meet them. Get the full facts and
figures now; see your nearest
Frick Branch or Dealer.

Branches at: Canandaigua and Scotia, N. Y.;
Pittsburgh, Williamsport, Harrisburg and
Easton, Penna.

FRICK CO., WAYNESBORO, PA.

POWER FARMING MACHINERY

Publisher’s Desk

I have been looking over your
Publisher’s Desk for some time.
I had some dealing with a company
through their agent that was not O.K.
and am not able to get an answer
and my letters do not come back.
Now what I want to know is what
do you charge for your services
through Publisher’s Desk. I have
been a subscriber to your paper off
and on for years. I think it is the
best farm paper published even if
it is not in my state. I was a victim
of another slick salesman.

Ohio MRS. c. H. o.

We make no charge for anything
we can do for our readers and when
we fail, sincerely regret that we were
unsuccessful. Large or small, a claim
has the best attention we can give
it. Our friend had a unsatisfactory
tire from the Hughes Tire Supply
Company of Akron, Ohio, for which
she paid a good price. It was de¬
fective when received and the
written guarantee was ignored as
were all letters to the concern. The
record speaks for itself and the
reader has decided to have no busi¬
ness dealings with agents in the
future. It is not fair to condemn
all agents. There are more good
honest ones than unscrupulous but
the transactions of agents who cheat
in this way, and companies that
fail to live up to their guarantees,
should be given publicity which is
about the best • eraser for that pur¬
pose.

I bought a building lot and started
to build a bungalow. I worked every
minute to complete it in order to
put my rent money in it. A lady
came across the yard and asked if
I was the owner, saying she repre¬
sented the Community Home Im¬
provement Company, Syracuse, N. Y.
She wanted my home for a demon¬
stration for which I would get six
per cent off the cost of all sales
that were made. She never called
on the people whom I knew were
building or remodeling. After sev¬
eral hours of fine talk, about these
glazed finish asbestos shingles and
how these men did all the work, I
signed a contract to have work
started when I notified her. But
within a week I cancelled all agree¬
ments; then she came with two
witnesses two days later and warned
me not to break the contract or I
would have to pay damages. Later
a letter came from the lawyer stat¬
ing damages of $180. A few days
later I got a court summons which
I took to my lawyer and he has
followed every thing through. Now
it is up to me to take a chance and
have a court session or settle for
$25. These damages were considered
because these people had received
their commissions. I want this item
published to prevent other people
from making the same mistake with
all the fancy talk from sales people.

New York k. g.

There seemed to be several com¬
plaints against this company but the
signed contract would hold against
the victim, who signed in a huri'y
and was given no opportunity to
read what he signed. We report it
to have our people understand how
these matters work against them. If
you sign in haste you are sure to
repent at leisure. The settlement
made was the cheapest way out of
a bad bargain.

Will you please try to collect the
notes I have inclosed from the
Gardner Nursery Co., Osage, Iowa.
I have written to them two or three
times but they will not make any
reply e. w.

New York

Clark Gardner replies to our
letters, as follows:

“At present time the outlawed
notes of the old Gardner Nursery
Company, have no value. The Com¬
pany has mortgages, judgments and
other preferred claims which must
be paid before anything can be done
to revive the outlawed securities.

“Eventually I personally, plan to
arrange a compromise settlement with
holders of these old matters, but how
soon this can be done is hai’d to say
as general conditions affecting busi¬
ness, new taxes, etc, etc. all tend to
slow dp getting so that I can do this.
However I am doing evei’ything
possible so as to bring maters in
shape to clear the preferred claims,
which were brought about by a
$200,000 fire loss, and then per¬
sonally to get the older matters
taken care of.” — C. E. Gardner.

A salesman for the United Utilities,
Watertown, Mass., went through our
section offering a Simmons mattress
at a $10 induction as an advertising
discount. Payments were to be $1
on delivery and 50 cents a week.
The mattress was said to be of all
new material and guaranteed for
15 months, or the time inquired to
complete the payment. It was to be
delivered but because the orders
would not make a load we had to
go some distance to get it. When we
examined it we did not believe it
was a Simmons matti'ess and it
sagged almost from the first use. We
tried to get some proof that it was
a Simmons but failed and refused
to make further payments. The sales¬
man was informed of our suspicions
and he has not called since. This
company sold other goods and re¬
ports were just as unsatisfactory as
our experience. A dealer advised
us that the United Utilities had been
stopped from selling goods in our
State, and that the mattresses were
eight years old and bought up
and sold at good prices. I told
the agent I should write to the •
R. N.-Y. and have not seen him
since. It taught us a lesson to deal
with no agents at the door. We were
lucky to get out as cheap as we did.

New Yoi'k mrs. l. s. m.

Our lettei's to the United Utilities
wei’e returned undelivered. It is
against the health laws to sell old
matti'esses and to palm them off as
a well known make is a further
violation. The story is published to
show our readei's the kind of bait
unauthorized concerns use to make
a deal.

Vex'y often our friends inquire as
to how they can transfer their
propei'ty to relations and friends
while at the same time l'etaining
possession and use until death. A
recent decision of the Ulster County
(N. Y.) Supreme Court covers such
a situation.

A woman deeded her farm to her
son in 1924, retaining and reserving
“the absolute title and possession of
the said pi'emises during her natural
life.” The son died in 1938 and the
mother died in 1939 leaving a will
bequeathing all her property to a
grandson. The widow of the deceased
son claimed her rights as widow
under the deed. The grandson con¬
tended that the deed was an at¬
tempted will and as such, null and
void.

The Court held that the 1924 deed
was valid and that the owners were
the children of the deceased son,
subject of course to the widow’s
claim.

On March 24 I sent the Globe
Sales and Mfg. Company, 624 Bi'oad-
way, New York City a money order
for $9.25 for saddle bags, U. S.
sabers, Krag bayonet and scabbard,
and welding gloves. Have never
received the goods and they refuse
to answer inquix-ies and have never
acknowledged order. What do you
know about them? E. j. m.

Virginia

Later E. J. M. writes he received
the goods with some substitutions
and all grossly misrepresented. We
took the complaint up but received
no x'esponse to our lettei's.

I am writing to ask you if you
will please inform me if some
shares I own of the capital stock of
Wrigley Pharmaceutical Compaxxy
are worth anything. I bought these
shax-es October 6, 1925. L. N.

New Jersey

There was considerable activity iix
the sale of this stock some years
ago and as - far back as the
date of this purchase we were
urging our l'eaders to use caution in
their investments. Charges were
made against the company by the
Attorney-General of New Jersey
that the Wi'igley Pharnxaceutical
Company was trading on the impu¬
tation of the Wrigley chewing gum
people. We were never able to find
much, if any, value in the stock and
disappointment followed the invest¬
ment as in this case. We are sorry
to be unable to help.

1A11 letters to Publisher’s Desk
Department must be signed with
writer’s full name and address given.
Many inquiries are answered by mail
instead of printing inquiry and an¬
swer, hence unsigned letters receive
no consideration.]

cilip Tour live poultry to New York’s oldest
^ •»* * * live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Box 20, Went \V aelilngtoii Market, Is ew Y ork City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!

S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAU TO

17 Jay St. New York City

Two Beautiful
Double- Weight
Pro fessional
Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25c.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLLS DEVELOPED

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25c roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS, Box 2255, PATERSON. N. J.

ROLL DEVELOPED— 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25e. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

pirn for antique firearms and powder flasks.

LAjn RICHARD SHORT, Woodstock, New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, low-down Toilet. Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue R. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Aye., New York

Amazing Christmas Card ^owey’mendi

outstanding $1. assortment. Religious. Etching, Gift
Wrapping, Everyday boxes. Costs 25c up. 62 Personals.
Bonus. Experience unnecessary. 3-way plan. Samples on
approval. BLUEBIRD, Dept. 60-A, Fitchburg, Mass.

Wkiclrou R dr role G,ass Ballon i»£S, cotton duck
UJlInncy Dali CIS canvass. Send for bargain price list.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, III.

CIDER

Press, graters,
pumps, supplies.

PALMER
COS COB,

filters, screens.
Catalog Free.

BROS.

CONNECTICUT

BIG EARNINGS

showing complete, fast-selling
shoe line. Special features,
amazing values bring quick sales, steady repeats.
Experience unnecessary. Tanners Shoes, 526, Boston, Mass.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy mast reach as Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance of date oi issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial natnre (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

WANTED — Farm now being worked, not
over 55 acres, within 60-70 miles New
York City. Good buildings adaptable for
dairy; water, electricity. Give price, details
as to land, buildings, altitude. ADVERTISER
2211, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000, cash $500, balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Southern Vermont hill farm, on
good road, 250 acres, good soil, timber and
sugar lot, 9 room brick house, large hen
house and garage, good water supply. Cash
$4,000. Agent EARL WRIGHT, Grafton, Vt.

GAS STATION, garage, cabin (site), state
road. Amsterdam, 30 acres, no buildings.
20 apples, maple shade, good well; $1,000,
$150 cash. ADVERTISER 2084, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 70 acre dairy farm in Saratoga
County; always carried 25 to 30 head, 50
acres loamy machine worked fields, brook
watered pasture, woodlot, wire fences,

several painted barns, modern eight room
house like new, hard floors, electricity,
furnace, fireplace, piped water, maple
shade, fine cellar; worth $4,500; insured for
$3,500. Mail, school bus, farm worth $7,500;
offer for $3,500 to cover mortgage, easy
terms, free folders of 100 other real bar¬
gains from $700; don’t wait. CHAS TYRE,
Corinth, N. Y.

WANTED — Country general store and gas
station. Send full particulars. BOX 533,
Lynbrook, N. Y.

FARMS FOR sale: Upper Hudson Valley,
New York State, Warren, Washington
and Saratoga Counties. Dairy farm: 9 room
house, 5 acres in wood, 85 acres tillable,
20 acres in pasture, spring, good barn;
$3,300. Chicken farm: 6 room modern home,
never failing well with electric pump, 2
henhouses, 1 new double decker, berries;
$3,600. 100 acres: 25 acres in wood, '9 room

house, barn, only $1,650. Many others.
Write for lists. TOM ROGERS AGENCY,
7>/2 Ridge St., Glens Falls, N. Y.

SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS: 50 acres,
springs, streams, accessible to state road,
electricity; $1,000. Terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

GENERAL FARM: 50 acres, modernized
Colonial 6 room home, cow and horse
barn, * silo, poultry houses, garage. Good
location. Low taxes. Price $4,700; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA farms, Virginia’s
best. Virginia REALTY CO., Carrsville,
Virginia.

FOR SALE: Farm, boarding, tourist home;

9-W; fully furnished, modern improve¬
ments, 47 acres, level land, fruit, cabin.
Must sell at once. BERNESSER, West
Coxsackie, N. Y.

HARDWARE AND auto supply business,
will take mortgage on one-half. Reason,
death of owner. MRS. CHAFE, Closter, N. J.

FOR RENT: 150 acre dairy and poultry
farm under high cultivation; near Troy and
Albany on main highway; 125 acres tillable,
two large two-story dwellings, electricity,
baths, excellent condition; modern dairy
barn accommodate 40 milkers, Louden
fixtures, separate barn for young stock;
natural enclosed spring for cooling milk;
good milk and produce markets; owner re¬
tiring. Opportunity to buy 50 high grade
Guernseys and Jerseys, and farm machinery
now on farm. Reasonable rental. Only re¬
sponsible tenant will be considered. State
past experience. ADVERTISER 2153, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Dance hall, gas station, house,
two-car garage, shop; Route No. 23. $5,000.
ADVERTISER 2152, care Rural New-Yorker.

300 FERTILE acres, 200 tillable, balance
pasture and woods. Estimated 120,000 ft.
principally white oak, 500 cords wood.
75 miles to New York City. Ideal stock
farm. Price $7,500; terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

BOSTON-NEW YORK highway, attractive
Colonial homestead, 10 rooms modernized,

3 fireplaces, dutch oven, fine neighbors, 500
hens, cow, kennel; ideal tourists. SHERIFF,
East Hampton, Conn.

FOR SALE: Five modern farms in Central
Pennsylvania on hard surfaced roads. In¬
quire E. E. SCHMICK, Elmira, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Business property with old
established business in Orange County
village; exceptional opportunity. ADVER¬
TISER 2155, care Rural New-Yorker.

FRUIT AND chicken farm for sale, 206
acres. Maple trees. Six rooms. MRS.
Sanderson, Rt. 10, Foxhill, Road, Bernards-
ton, Mass.

CHIROPRACTOR WANTS 2-3 rooms, busy
small town, -village; New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, business. Give full de¬
tails. ADVERTISER 2156, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED— Two to five acres on main high¬
way within 70 miles New York. FETZER,

41 Main St., Orange, N. J.

WANTED TO buy or rent, poultry farm
equipped for 1.500 or more layers. ADVER¬
TISER 2193, care Rural New-Yorker.

LAMOILLE COUNTY, Vermont dairy farm.

Ideal setting for summer home with in¬
come possibilities. Superb view of Mt.
Mansfield, short distance from Smugglers’
Notch, noted winter sports area. 187 acres,
50 tillage, balance pasture and woods. Re¬
conditioned 8-room house, bathroom, elec¬
tricity, maple shaded lawn. 40 ft. barn,
30x40 leanto, • tie ups for 25 head, silo, ice
and milk house. $3,200. Terms and free
detailed description. FEDERAL LAND

BANK, Springfield, Mass.

ONE ACRE, attractive, state highway, 8
room house, bam, electricity, water,
$1,200; terms. 52 acres, elevation, view, 10
room house, spring water, $1,200; terms.
STARKWEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta,
New York.

90 ACRES, 20 cleared, no buildings, $3,000.

Another parcel west of river, oak and
white pine woodland. PROSSER, Middle
Island, L. I.

FIVE ACRE poultry farm, six room house,
two new poultry houses, barn, electricity,
water, improved road; $1,800, cash $600.
50 acre sportsmans retreat or summer home,
elevation, view, excellent hunting, six room
house, fair barn; $900 cash. Several good
dairy farms, country homes. EVERETT
KINCH, Schenevus, N. Y.

FOR SALE: . Large, productive mountain
farm, Southern Vermont. House large,
old, 4 fireplaces, slate roof. Bam 42x100,
slate roof. Tenant house, 630 acres, 80 tillage,
much timber, sugar orchard. Elevation.
Best hunting and trout fishing.. Spectacular
view. Selling because of absentee owner¬
ship. Price $8,000, terms. Address owner,
EARLE A. JONES, Waitsfield, Vt.

SACRIFICE SALE: Attractive 10 room
Colonial house, greenhouse attached, latest
improvements, newly decorated, beauti¬
fully landscaped, trees, shrubs, 1% acres
planted vegetables and flowers; poultry all
kinds. . Road trade. FRED KLINGLER,
Troy Hill Road, Whippany, N. J.

WANTED TO rent, dairy farm with option
to buy. ADVERTISER 2203, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SALE OR rent. Southern Vermont dairy
farm; buildings. Well watered. Stock and
tools. Immediate possession. 2,000 acres.
Owner, SOUTHLEA, Mt. Airy, Maryland.

FOR SALE: Nine room house with acre
land and fruit; below Village of Pine Hill,
N. Y. Nice view. ADVERTISER 2160, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SALE — Maryland farm 182 acres, stock,
tools, 50 head registered Ayrshires, elec¬
tricity. Immediate possession. Ill health.
Owner SOUTHLEA, Mt. Airy, Maryland.

TO RENT: Five room and attic, orderly
house, no improvements. Barn, acreage;

8 miles Carmel. Desirable small famil re¬
quired. Yearly rent $240. ADVERTISER
2159, care Rural New-Yorker.

PRIVATE PARTY wants small farm, 20-35
acres in Orange or Ulster County. P. O.
BOX 14, Station H, New York City.

VILLAGE FARM: 18 acres, 8 room house,
all conveniences, barn, chicken houses.
Near Post Road, 5 minutes from beach
resort. Will sacrifice. ELLIOTT BERRY,
Clinton, Conn.

WANTED — About one acre within commut¬
ing distance New York City, preferable
along Hudson River or in Connecticut. Full
details. S. CHRISTOPHERSON, 159 West
85th St., New York.

FOR SALE: In the heart of Delaware
County’s, New York dairy industry a
real farm establishment of over 250 acres,

% tillable, balance pasture and some wood
land. On macadam road, with high tension
line, mail and school bus service. Two miles
from Delhi with central school and four
milk plants. Two recently modernized
houses, three modern barns, excellent shape,
tie up for 80 head, other out-buildings.
Never failing spring water, wonderful
pastures and always cuts the barns full of
hay, even this year the crop will be large.
This sale includes 50 milk cows, 15 head of
young stock, three large draft horses, a full
line of farm machinery and tools. Priced
right. ADVERTISER 2162, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, farm within 100
miles New York. Give particulars, price.
ROBERT JOHNSON, 42 Oceanside Road,
Rockville Centre, N. Y.

CHICKEN FARM wanted, within 100 miles
from New York City. BROWNSHIELD,
1900 Grand Concourse, New York City.

Help Wanted

POULTRYMAN — Protesxant. Write stating
age, height, weight, experience and salary
expected. ADVERTISER 2088, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Handyman: $30 monthly and
board. BOX 102., Commack, Long Island.

LARGE BRICK building, 30x75, needs
general repairs, 17 acres woodland, small
lake, also river frontage. Ideal for summer
camp, vacation resort, boarding house, hotel,
factory. Full price $2,400. Terms, $400

down, balance $20 monthly. Get photos.
SAFRANEK, Vineland, N. J.

MACHINE MILKERS and general farm
hands, single men, $22 to $25 per 6 day
week. WALKER-GORDON LABORATORY
COMPANY, Plainsboro, N. J.

BOY WISHING to continue schooling. Good
milker. Room, board. $10 month. Vaca¬
tion wages higher. W. E. COVERT, R. D. 1,
Newton, N. J.

THE ARK. in the Adirondacks; ideal
summer home. Developed for bird and
animal refuge. 250 acres, wonderful pros¬
pect for development. WILLET RANDALL,
North Creek, N. Y.

MAN WHO can live in 3 furnished rooms.

Good milker, teamster; all privileges.
Kind to stock. Would appreciate extra
milker. W. E. COVERT, R. D. 1, Newton,

N. J.

WANTED — Lease roadside stand, small
house and land. Reasonable. EMIL IORIO,
129 Hopkinson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED — Head dairyman, experienced,
married. Write, state nationality. P. O.
BOX 487, Mount Kisco, N. Y.

WANTED — Reasonably priced small farm,
plenty water; within 100 miles New York.
A. MILLER, 95 Palmer Ave., Larchmont,
New York.

WANTED RELIABLE couple, farm raised,
for successful dairy farm; be part of
family with oldish couple. Good home
and living conditions; also house for small
family. Experience, reference, wages ex¬
pected. ADVERTISER 2150, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WILL BUY one-man farm; New York. AD¬
VERTISER 2166, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Filling station, cabins, restau¬
rant on four strip highway near Utica,
N. Y. Five acres. Price $4,200, $1,500 cash.
ADVERTISER 2168, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED IN Massachusetts, responsible
couple. Man must be first class farmer
and understand Jersey cattle. Wife must
be first class cook and housekeeper, no
washing. All modern equipment both on
farm and house. Excellent room and private
bath. Good position for honest, hard work¬
ing couple. $100 per month. ADVERTISER
2157, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Four family apartment located
in Utica, N. Y. Income $200 monthly.
Would exchange for equippped farm or
nice country estate. FRANK D. ROBINSON,
58 Exchange St., Binghamton, N. Y.

114 ACRE fruit and truck farm along main
highway, 1,100 bearing, best varieties
apples and peaches, 3.500 grapes, house,
cottage, barn and outbuildings, machinery,
electricity, water, woodland; price $8,000
with terms. N. B. SIMPSON, R. D. 1,
Hollidaysburg, Penna.

DAIRYMEN — Dry -hand milkers and milk¬
ing machine operators. Single men only
of good habits. FRED GAUNTT. Herdsman,
New Jersey State Agricultural College,
New Brunswick, N. J.

WANTED TO rent, large house, suitable for
guesthouse; modern improvements; fur¬
nished or unfurnished, on busy highway;
not in village. ADVERTISER 2175, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, WHITE, handy with tools, some
fowl, some sheep, lawns, flowerbeds;
private room and bath; country place near
Trenton, N. J. Good home, steady job; no
liquor, no smoking; good wages. State refer¬
ences last five years. ROOM 2009, 51

Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE: Lakewood, N. J., 14 acre poultry
farm, brook, 6 room house, heat, improve¬
ments; $3,500. ADVERTISER 2176, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced kennel man, to
work in dog hospital in city. Reliable,
single. ADVERTISER 2158, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FOR SALE: Nine acre farm. 9 room house,
barn, garage, chicken coop, fruit trees;
beautiful place for private home. Ten
minutes to town. AUGUST MILLER.

Beacon Falls, Conn.

WANTED — Attendant, handyman, draft
' exempt, to assist boy in wheel chair and
to be generally handy. Give reasons for
exemption, age and nationality, weight and
if possible snap shot. $60 a month, room
and board. Permanent. MRS. TAYLOR
ADAMS. Westport, Conn.

SMALL FARM plots, 100x432 ft. edge of
town, $175. Also 6'4 acres woodland, $255.
Sea shore highway. 2% acres, $435. 15 acres
with stream, $775. Terms $10 down $5 month.
SAFRANEK, Vineland, N. J.

WANTED BOY, helper on farm; $10 month,
good home. KARL FREIMAN, No. Wind¬
ham, Conn.

FOR SALE: Modern battery broiler plant
completely stocked; 30 minutes from
Times Square. ADVERTISER 2183, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED MAN, farm experience, handy
with tools, able drive car, understands
gardening, take care house and grounds.
Weston, Connecticut. Do own feeding. State
salary, experience. ADVERTISER 2161, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 100 acre dairy farm, bungalow
with inclosed porch, barn, cement silo,
other buildings, stock, tools, electricity,
telephone, poultry. JOE DABES, Route 2,
Groton, N. Y.

WANTED — Married man, good dairyman
with extra milker on up to date dairy
farm. Understand farm work and machinery.
Milker used. Modernized house, milk, fuel
furnished. Good wages assured. BOX 346,
Delhi, N. Y.

WANT INEXPENSIVE farm within 15 miles
Pittsfield or Stockbridge, five acres or
more, electricity available, seclusion, BOX
25, East Chatham, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced dishwasher for small
country hotel. Salary $35 monthly, room
and board. M. LINDBERG, Saybrook, Conn,

WANTED — Experienced farm hand, white;

$50 per month and keep; also boy out of
school. RUSSELL PETERS, Callicoon, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN for dairy farm; milking ma¬
chines used. No outside work. $60 month¬
ly, with board. ADVERTISER 2164, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Herdsman, (married), to care
for 35 head of cattle. Must be dependable,
no bad habits. State salary expected.
HERMAN SILL, Greenport, L. I., N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced couple for resi¬
dence on large purebred dairy farm.
Woman to do cooking and housework; man
to work in modern creamery or on dairy
farm. First class references required. M J
SHERIDAN, Jr., Blossom Hill Farm,

Lebanon, N. J.

WOMAN, WHITE, general housework. Small
modern Long Island home. Business
couple, boy 12; good home; $35. ADVER¬
TISER 2167, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN wanted for modern dairy
farm. $85 per month and attractive house.
Must be clean, steady, industrious. State
experience and references. WHIRLWIND
HILL FARM, Wallingford, Conn.

WANTED — Man on dairy farm, must be

fair milker. Good wages, with room and
board. W. S. TORBERT, Newtown, Bucks
County, Penna.

.tiu u sniiVKJKJr’LK — Two adults, one child, 8
room floor; light laundry. Forest
Hills West, L. I. $45 monthly. ADVERTISER
2171, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Person for poultry work, odd

jobs. Small salary; maintenance. FRED
BRAMHALL, R. D. 2, Allendale, N. J.

WANTED — A young man of experience in

feeding and milking registered Holstein-
Friesian cows. Must be a good milker and
teamster and does not smoke or drink and
can drive a car or truck and is experienced
in all lines of farm work. Will pay good
wages. ADVERTISER 2174, care Rural
New-Yorker.

tritAur, a Guernsey dairy wants capable,
general assistant; able and willing, with
barn and dairy experience; hand and ma¬
chine milker. $50 month, board. References,
ability, character, habits. ADVERTISER
2177, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM HANDS wanted. Must be strong and
willing worker. Vicinity of Newton, N. J.
$50 per month with room and board. Give
full particulars in first letter. ADVERTISER
2178, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSE WORKER, good home-
business couple; daughters 13 and 16- im¬
maculate appearance. ADVERTISER 2179
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — General houseworker, Protestant,
light washing, country, private beach; one
child, four adults. TWITCHELL, Setauket,
Long Island.

WANTED COUPLE, white, for kitchen
work in restaurant; good wages, and home.
MRS. C. RIDGWAY, Plainsboro, N. J.
(Club House).

WANTED — Single man. some poultry ex¬
perience; 1.500 layers. Give full particu¬
lars first letter. KUBIE FARM, East North-
port, Long Island.

WANTED — Married man. experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milker. Also man to
work in dairy; good wages. Apply or write
immediately. ALVAN G. LIPPINCOTT,
Swedesboro, N. J.

WANTED — Young woman to take care of
three children and a lovely modern
country home in the foothills of the
Adirondack Mts. Must be healthy, clean
and neat; must like children and country
life. No bad habits. German preferred.
Send Dhoto, all photos will be returned.
ADVERTISER 2182, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED HERDSMAN wanted. to
take full charge of a foundation Holstein
herd. Must have experience with test cows
and herd management. $30 per week. Board
out. TRAENDLY'S ROWAYTON GREEN¬
HOUSES, ROWAYTON, Conn.

WANTED MAN. white, for kitchen work;

clearing and washing dishes. Good wages
and home. MRS. C. RIDGWAY, Plainsboro,
N. J. (Club House).

WANTED HERDSMiAN, some experience
beef cattle. Wages $70, house, etc.
LEACOTE FARM, Rhinebeck, N. Y.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE on modern battery
plant; $40-$50 per month, room, board.
Full particulars first letter. ADVERTISER
2184, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN ‘On poultry farm, 2,000 layers.

Sober, able and willing. Handy with tools.
Give full particulars as to age, height,
weight, references and wages expected.
A. FEINER, R. D. 2, Port Jervis, N. Y.

MANAGER FARMER, complete charge
small modern dairy farm Northern New
Jersey. Must have good references and be
thoroughly experineed and reliable. Per¬
manent position, good living conditions and
chance for real recognition of one who
can perform satisfactorily. Give full par¬
ticulars and salary desired. ADVERTISER
2188, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG LADY to care for invalid, able to
drive, free to travel, must be small. $50
a month and expenses. ADVERTISER 2189
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man, year round work,
dairy and general farm; Central Jersey.
$70 month, house, milk, eggs, fuel. Write
age, references to ADVERTISER 2192, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man to work on dairy
farm. Must be A-l milker and good team¬
ster. $40-$45 per month, board and room.
RAYMOND COURSEN, Andover, N. J.

WANTED — Women between 35-4$ for
general housework in place of business.
Good home to right party. STA. 3, North
Branford, Conn.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 464.

Research Council upon the initiative and persistence that has resulted in
the adoption of a simple, workable and effective set of instructions for the
care and cleaning of mechanical milkers, • We congratulate every Dairy
Farmer who comes under this intelligent type of supervision and guidance
because it will do more than any other one thing can do to make the
future of his market secure and to increase the demand for his products.

More than sixteen years ago we began to buy space in Farm Papers to print the
following paragraph. Down through the years we have repeated it over and over again,
literally millions of times.

**In order to produce clean milk, the machine must be washed

clean after every milking . . . not simply rinsed and placed in a

strong sterilizing solution. You can*t buy any compound that

will take the place of proper washing. It takes a clean machine

to produce clean milk; don’t let anybody tell you different.”

After sixteen years we still believe that the way to get a thing clean is to wash it
and that anything that milk touches should be washed every time it is used. For many,
many years the Surge Instruction Book has been shouting in big, bold letters, “Please
take this Surge Milker all apart and scrub it clean every time you use it. ”

We have persistently advertised that we stand ready to help any Surge User who
is having trouble in producing clean milk. That offer still stands . . . we will go farther than
that, we will do our level best to help anybody anywhere who is having trouble with
his bug count . . . we will do all we can to help any man who is having trouble in pro¬
ducing acceptable milk.

We urge every SURGE DEALER and REPRESENTATIVE to devote the
next ten days to a thorough check up of every Surge User in his territory. We are
reaching as many of them as we can with a story of the New York Meeting and a copy
of the new cleaning directions as worked out and approved. We are sending you a big
supply of these directions so that you can make them readily available to every man
who uses any kind of a milking machine.

Instruction Books do get lost and it is human nature to grow a little careless . . .
see to it that every one of your Surge Users has a new, clean Instruction Book. There js no
conflict between the new and approved instructions and the instructions in the book except
our Instruction Book describes both wet and dry storage for milker parts while the new
instructions insist upon DRY STORAGE ONLY.

Those Dairy Farmers have put blankets on your bed and bread on your table . . .
here is your chance to give them every bit of help they need in meeting these new regulations.

HOT WATER HELPS!

Plenty of hot water in your milk house right where you need it will save you
hours and hours of work and make the production of clean milk much easier. The
Surge Dairy Maid Heater will provide you with plenty of hot water twenty-four hours
a day every day and do it for a price that you can afford to pay.

Write to the nearest Branch Office for a copy of “The Magic of Hot Water” and
find out exactly how and why hot water is such a big help and such a great time saver . . .
find out exactly how you can have plenty of hot water beginning with tomorrow.

A Cretin

WEJBELIEVE that the dairy business, already
one of America’s major industries, will grow
bigger and bigger and much more profitable.

WEJBELIEVE that this growth will be built
upon the solid foundation of an increasingly
higher quality of milk and milk products.

WEBELIEVE that the dairyman who recog-
nizes this trend and goes more than half
way to meet it is building a secure future.

WEBELIEVE that we have the same respon¬
sibility in this direction as the dairy farmer
and all others concerned with dairy products.

Every Babson Product is designed and
built to help Dairy Farmers produce better
milk with less labor and more profit. For
more than thirty years we have been making
a sincere effort to live up to our responsibility.

Babson Bros. Co.

The above Creed appears a million times a year
on page one, column one of the Surge News.

WO INCREASE IN PRICE!

Although we are making twice as^nan^urge
Milkers right now as we ever made before we
know that we have not been able to keep up
with the demand and we regret that there
have been some annoying delays in making
delivery . . . but . . . with greatly increased
costs of both labor and materials we have
not raised the price one cent. We sincerely
believe that, more than almost any other
piece of Dairy Farm Equipment, a Surge
Milker is well worth waiting for. You can
produce clean and wholly satisfactory milk
with any machine you buy but the job IS
easier and simpler when you own a Surge.

BABSON BROS. CO.

2843 WEST 19TH STREET, CHICAGO

- - BRANCHES -

BABSON BROS. CO., OF NEW YORK
566 Spencer Street
Syracuse, New York

BABSON BROS. CO.

2418 First Ave., South, Seattle, Wash.

BABSON BROS. CO., OF MISSOURI
19th and Campbell Streets
Kansas City, Missouri

BABSON BROS. CO.

M & M Building, Houston, Texas

BABSON BROS. CO., OF MINNESOTA
740 North Washington Avenue
Minneapolis, Minnesota

BABSON BROS. CO.

737 Terminal St., Los Angeles, Calif.

a»

L I BBARY

I T B A c a N » Y .

S r £ T i * 3 A 2510

This Young, Showman Has A Calf Worth Looking At

/*!!!*

Our

“ B a n %

the RURAL NEW-YORKER

-Up’’ Apple

August 23, 1941

Crop

we buy an automobile we
admire its shiny body and
fenders before we even think
of fts motor and performance.
If there is a dent in the fender
g*?! or some paint is scratched we
raise a howl and demand this and that be¬
fore we will buy the car. Yet we want that
car. We must have it and so we buy it even
with its scratches and dents.

When the house wife goes to a store to
buy apples, she may be attracted by some
well-colored, smooth, shiny specimens, and
a sale is made. She may also see some banged-
up apples, even well-grown, large, and red,
but she is not impressed. She may want
apples, but she doesn’t need them badly
enough to buy such stuff, so a sale is lost, or
at least, a sale may be made at a reduced
price. The grocer loses and so loses interest
in selling apples. Bruised fruit is not in de¬
mand.

Let’s follow that automobile through the
factory. Every precaution is taken to protect
the surface of the car. In shipments, the car
is covered, and before sale, it is polished to
perfection. Now let’s follow the apple from
the “factory” to consumer. Often it is yanked
from the tree, dropped into a picking bag,
and the bag is rolled against the ladder or
the tree limbs, then the bag is emptied not
too gently into a field crate and the crate is
pitched onto a truck and banged over a rough
road to the packing house. If the crate is
filled too full it’s just too bad. The crates are
unloaded, and finally dumped onto the grader.
There are chances that the fruit will take
some more punishment before it is rolled
around and dumped into the filling bins. Then
it takes another drop into the box or basket
and the packed fruit is squeezed under a lid
and stacked up for more pressure. Then there
is the trip to the storage or the market. That
means more stacking and usually the packed
containers are used as stairs or paving blocks
over which people walk in stacking or load¬
ing the fruit. There is still more punishment
ahead for the poor apples, but why go into
that? Perhaps this may seem a little exagger¬
ated, but if it is, it is not very much.

In a survey of causes of cull apples by
H. P. Gaston in Michigan (1927), lack of size
accounted for 34% of the culls, limb rub
(probably due to lack of small branch re¬
moval) caused 28% of the culls, bruises put
15% on the cull pile, and stings caused 11.8%
of the culls. In other words, the growers
sprayed like fury io stop the worm-stings, yet
lost more fruit from bruising than from stings.

In a careful survey in a West Virginia pack¬
ing house in 1939, Hugh Prettyman found
bruises caused by pickers ran 29% for York,
36% for Jonathan, 48% for Grimes, 50% for
Stayman and 53% for Golden Delicious. Then
taking a bruise-free sample of Grimes, he ran
the apples through an under-flood brush-
type washer, and found that 56% of the fruit
was slightly bruised, and 2% seriously dis¬
figured. Running through the sizer, another
13% was added, and in the bins the total
bruises both serious and slight were 79%.
Then Mr. Prettyman looked over a large
number of packed baskets and found that the
average for all varieties examined was 57%
when the fruit was ready for loading in cars.

Apples in center belts are culls and low-grades
being taken away. Some rather long drops for
apples in some parts of the grader.

By A. F . Vierheller •

All of the figures will not agree, as the
samples examined were not the same. The'
main point is that there are chances of bruis¬
ing all along the line from the tree to the
consumer.

The type of container caused some vari¬
ation in bruise. Some IPs bushel boxes, ex¬
port tubs, wire-bound baskets and North¬
western boxes were shipped to Mr. Prettyman
from various points, and it was noted that
there was less serious bruise (55%) on the
apples from the Northwest, and also that the
amount of serious brqising (69%) was iden¬
tical in the other packages. He suggested
that the Eastern baskets examined were not
packed firmly, probably due to the fact that
when the metal form is removed and the
basket substituted, the fruit does not slip

BRUISED FRUIT

MEANS

LOWER GRADE

HANDLE FRUIT CAREFULLY

BANGED-UP FRUIT
BRINGS

KNOCK-DOWN PRICES

PLEASE BE CAREFUL

Placards such as these displayed prominently in
the packing shed are good reminders.

enough to allow a tight pack. He traced some
apples to the buyers and found complaints of
slack packs, whereas the apples had left the
packing house rounded out and firm. Slack
packs increase the amount of bruising.

Does the consumer notice the bruising?
We could cite all sorts of remarks from chain
store executives and buyers, from 'apple
advertising managers and from storekeepers,
all of which carry the same plea for more
careful handling and packing. The grading of
various growers varies a lot, and comes in
for some criticism, but bruising gets most of
the complaints. Even the Northwestern grow¬

Lots of chance for oruise here. A false top, either
gunny sack with wood strip at each end, or a
solid board would feed apples to grader belt
more gently. Note broken slat in crate.

ers in their new “co-ordinated marketing
program” were told that close examinations
by two different agencies had shown that
over-ripe, bruised fruit was causing from
4.3 to 9.1 pounds loss per box, amounting to
from 20 to 40 cents loss per box on basis of
price when the survey was made. At the
annual meeting of the Maryland State Horti¬
cultural Society, Truman Nold of the National
Apple Institute bought a few apples at a local
store and showed how fruit packed as U. S.
No. 1, or almost Fancy grade, had reached
the consumer as miserable culls, bruised and
with one rot spot showing. The grocer had
complained that he could not sell them and
they were really dusty— proving that he
spoke the truth!

Does the grower notice this bruising?
Usually most of the fruit leaves the grower
and goes into storage. Even in growers’
storages, the fruit looks good when examined.
The bruises begin to show up in all their ugly
glory when the fruit is taken to the warm
grocery store, so the grower doesn’t often
see what his apples look like when they are
set up for sale. A few years ago it was the
good fortune of the writer to attend the New
York State Horticultural Society meeting at
Rochester, and the outstanding educational
feature was the display of packed fruit of
various growers, torn down and laid out ac¬
cording to grade as it came out of storage.
Maybe we need more wide-spread use of this
system at growers’ meetings. Such a display
would be full of shocks and surprises for
the growers.

Now, what can we do about this bruising
problem? No matter how very careful we
may be, there is going to be some bruising.
We must impress upon the employees the
necessity of care n all operations. More per¬
sonal supervision of picking crews, proper
picking equipment, no over-filled crates, -
smoother orchard roads, or better springs on
the hauling equipment, gentler handling of
filled crates, heavy padding on the dumping
bin, and use of a false lid when the crates
are dumped onto the grader, plenty of padding
on all parts of the grader, no distant dropping
of fruit into packing bins, less slope to bins
to avoid fast-rolling fruit smashing into the
other fruit in the bin, use of canvas aprons
when running fruit into the package, use of
canvas gloves where necessary, eliminating
long finger nails that cause fruit punctures,
proper racking of containers as fruit is packed,
avoiding over-filling of packages. These are
but a few suggestions.

Give the buyer proper measure. Upholster
the package, but don’t overstuff it. We adopt¬
ed an Eastern standard box, and it is beginning
to suffer from “bulging pains.” The basket
manufacturers have promised some research
in basket construction that will eliminate the
high-crowned, over-filled basket. Such a
move would be a great help in reducing the
bruising of fruit and in maintaining the popu¬
larity of the basket.

How can we impress the grower and the
employees? In Maryland, it was felt that some
type of reminder would help, so for the past
three years, the Agricultural Extension Ser¬
vice has furnished growers with 8V2XII inch
placards for (Continued on Page 472)

Bins overcrowded, apples being run into forms
without use of canvas aprons. Just a few more
bumps for the apple.

471

Jht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Set Aside the Best 25%

A Labor-Saving, Program Which will
Improve Poultry Breeding, Results
By Willard C. Thompson

The Pen of Super Pullets for the Breeding Flock.

Farmers must face the oncoming year
cognizant of the fact that the country is en¬
gulfed in a great period of national emer¬
gency. These are war-times, and this
country is tremendously affected by them.
Such times usually necessitate changes from
usual practices. Farmers are being called
upon to do their share in national defense,
and to make such adjustments in their
methods as may be demanded by the times.

Now, the poultry flock is an important
integral part of the farm set-up nowadays,
and may become even more valuable as the
next few months roll by. The farmer who
has a flock of developing pullets right now
may probably well be envied. Why? There
are many reasons amongst which the most
prominent may be: (1) the price of eggs is
on the up-grade and general opinion has it
that during the coming year better prices will
prevail, and these prices compare favorably
with those existing for other farm commodi¬
ties; (2) the Federal Government has publicly
urged that the American poultry industry
step up its production of both poultry and
eggs by many millions of dollars worth
during the coming year, as an essential emer¬
gency measure; (3) the demand for more and
better eggs and poultry is based upon the fact
that these farm products are considered to
be indispensable foods of protective character;
(4) the poultry industries in Europe, and es¬
pecially in England, have been disrupted and
cannot produce the foods so vitally needed
by those peoples — America will have to pro¬
duce for them now, and help them to re-build
their flocks when the war ends, as it must do
some day; (5) the poultry laying flock is one
of the most efficient transformers of farm-
raised grains into salable food products which
the farmer can employ; (6) the market de¬
mand is established for eggs and poultry, and
the farmer needs but to produce.

There should be larger laying flocks on
many of our general farms during this Fall
and coming year, in order that the national
need for an increased egg and poultry supply
may be met and in order that general farmers
may find anew a crop which has not always
been appreciated at its full worth.

Plan to Breed Poultry

It is not a difficult job to breed poultry
right, on the general farm. The farm flock,
like the commercial poultryman’s flock,
should, in increasing percentage, be the pro¬
duct of home-breeding, hatching and rearing.
It will cut the cost of rearing a ready-to-lay
pullet considerably, if the farm hen flock is
used as the parent stock. It will be possible
to improve the farm flock gradually, year
after year, if, each season breeding units are
set up and chicks are home-produced. It will
be some safeguard against losses from disease.
The self-contained farm poultry flock is a
good goal toward which any farmer may well
progress.

Labor for the farm is an acute problem in
many sections this Fall, and this is a reason
why some change in poultry flock manage¬
ment may have to be made. This will be true
on many a commercial poultry breeding farm
too. The plan which is now to be set forth
as a program for the general farm which will
try to produce its own chicks in the Spring
of 1942 will have merit on many commercial
poultry plants where heretofore trapnesting
and involved breeding practices have been
used. Our idea is to set up a simple plan
which will work toward the end of labor-
saving and yet at the same time result in
improving poultry quality for next season.

The Best 25% of the Crop

We are dubious that the average floch
owner, who is sold on the idea of producing
his own chicks during these next few years
can afford to use labor in trapnesting or in
intricate record-keeping, or in setting up

special matings of
breeding stock. The
farm poultryman must
reduce this plan for
poultry breeding and
chick production to a
minimum of labor
and expense.

Poultrymen have
been observing very
keenly for years the external body character¬
istics possessed by the fowls which, under in¬
dividual trapnests, have proved to be the best
producers and healthiest and longest-lived
individuals. The ear-marks of better quality
fowls are well-known, and may be used to
economic advantage in this scheme now pro¬
posed.

The farm poultry crop must be planned,
not only throughout the year, but a year
ahead in many ways. In this instance, there
are a few averages which the farm flock
operator should bear in mind in making a
plan for next year: (1) One should plan to
produce two hatching eggs for every chick
desired. (2) It is best to figure that only
about 75% of the eggs gathered from any
breeding flock will be large enough, of right
size and shape and color, to go into the in¬
cubators. (3) Half of the chicks hatched will
be males. (4) Produce three chicks for every
ready-to-lay pullet desired in the Fall of the
year. (5) Plan on gathering about 40 eggs
from each breeder hen during the hatching
egg season.

Then, for example, if the farmer wants to
produce 500 ready-to-lay pullets in 1942, he
should figure, using these bases, that he will
need to hatch about 1,500 chicks, or have 3,000
hatching eggs to put into the incubators, which
means that he must produce 4,000 hatching
eggs fit to incubate, or produce about 5,400
eggs from his breeders, and that means have
about 135 breeder hens at hand.

On the average farm, in order to guarantee
having on hand at least the number of breed¬
ing hens required for the hatching egg
season, it is necessary to have twice that
number of pullets, for the first laying year,
that is; this is all getting to basic figures which
we are interested in presenting now, this Fall.
It is suggested that the required number of
breeding hens (yearlings are advised for
breeders, as a rule) for any one farm may be
found out of the upper quarter, quality basis,
of any one season’s pullet crop. In other
words, if the farmer will set aside the best,
top-quality 25%, or quarter, of this 1941
season’s pullets as a special flock from which
all breeders a year hence will be selected, he
will provide sufficient breeders for his average
needs, and, with good luck, have about twice
as many pullets as he normally wants for
his own flocks, thus having some to sell. Right
now read-to-lay pullets are scarce, and it
would be good business to have some to sell.

Selecting That Top Quarter

Our plan is simple. It involves the follow¬
ing steps:

1. As the present season’s pullets reach
first-egg maturity, handle each one. Figure
out about how many pullets are to be put in
your laying houses, and thus arrive at the
number which will represent one-quarter of
that number. Plan to save one out of four,
the best one, for placement in a special lay¬
ing house, or pen, which will be known as
‘the Best 25% Flock.’

2. Use the following points in looking for
the best pullets: (a) Full body size for the
breed, (b) Normal development, that is reach¬
ing first egg stage of maturity at about the
age which is normal for the breed — such as
about 24 weeks of age for Leghorns, and 28
weeks for the heavier breeds. - (c) Individuals
which are in good flesh, and show every in¬
dication of health, vigor, and strength, (d)
Look for depth, width, and length of body —

room for the development of the internal
organs — this means a long keel, or breast¬
bone, depth through the abdomen, and
breadth across the back, (e) Prominent, well-
set eyes, broad heads, rather than narrow,
crow-beaked heads, well formed, bright red,
live-looking combs and faces, (f) Good yellow
coloration in shanks and beaks, (g) Active,
lively disposition and temperament, rather
than sluggish, slow activity.

3. Of course, the selection of the best
quality pullets will be a comparative matter
in each flock. It means to use everything one
has at command to pick out the best pullets,
the kind that one wants to see more of in
the flocks in succeeding years.

4. Put a white celluloid leg band on these
selected pullets, for identification purposes.
Place these pullets in a flock, or flocks, by
themselves, and look to them to yield all of
the hens to be used as breeders in the future.
The remaining 75%, most of which may be
very good also, will be handled for a maxi¬
mum, safe table egg yield, and no time or
attention given to finding good breeders
from amongst them.

5. Proceed to manage the best 25% for
(a) good, yet not too forced egg yield, (b)
maximum health, (c) and the appearance of
the hens which will make the most desirable
breeders a year hence.' D-> not trapnest them
necessarily. Watch them, day by day. Cull
out the occasional pullet which does not de¬
velop into full laying condition as one would
like to see. Leave in those flocks only the
individuals which are potential breeders.

6. At Christmas-time, plan to handle every
one of these pullets still remaining in the
‘Best 25% Flock,’ looking for the external,
physical characteristics which indicate that
good egg yield has been given during the
Fall and early Winter months. These ear¬
marks of precocious laying are (a) depth of
abdominal section of the body, (b) spread
between the pelvic bones, at least three
fingers width, (c) soft, pliable skin, (d) well
developed, red, soft, warm comb and face
parts, indicating a fully circulating and busy
blood stream, (e) loss cf yellow pigmentation
from both beak and shanks, a fading which
is due to heavy egg production, and (f) ab¬
sence of any symptoms of disease or weaken¬
ing health.

7. Put a blue celluloid leg band on each
pullet which thus shows that she is in full lay
at Christmas time, or mid-winter, and is
standing up under feeding and management
for egg yield. This marker identifies the best
of the lot, as a rule.

May Use Better Pullets as Breeders

Ordinarily poultrymen do not like to breed
from first-year layers or pullets, but in these
days and on those farms where a real step
in advance is to be made in the Spring of
1942, along the lines indicated above, there
is little good reason why a whole breeding-
season should be allowed to pass, until these
‘Best 25% Pullets’ have become yearlings. We
would put the better developed, larger
pullets, if possible, into the ‘Best 25% Flock,’
birds which have reached full body or physi¬
cal development before they start egg produc¬
tion, and which will have gone through four
or five months of egg production before their
eggs are saved for hatching purposes. Such
pullets will make splendid breeders in the
Spring of 1942, and no harm will have
been done. (Continued on Page 483)

472

Sfc RURAL NEW-YORKER

August 23. 1941

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Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

The milk system has again created a crisis.
What caused it? This book tells yor in plain
language.

Dairymen have been on the brink of
ruin several times in the past 20
years. Why? This book tells you.

At every major crisis dairymen
revolt and get a modest increase
which soon decreases to the old level
or below it. How is this done?
This book tells you.

Leaders who made farmers fair
promises allied themselves with big
dealers to exploit the very farmers
they promised to serve. Where is
the proof of it? The proof is in
this book.

These leaders now admit that “not
once in eleven years” have milk prices
paid the farmer cost of production.
Why? This book tells you.

Is it possible for dairymen to get
cost of production and a profit?
Yes. This book tells you.

No increase in price now will
stop prices going below cost of pro¬
duction again, even if it covers cost
now, because the System was
dictated by the “Big-3” dealers to give them power to fix the price.
If the “leaders” had authority, why did they fix it below
the cost of production? The prices fixed by the “Big-3” were mini¬
mum prices and could be increased any time by those who had
power to fix it.

Prices should be negotiated by farmers. This book, “Seven
Decades of Milk,” tells how they can do it, and why they should

do it. . ,

The book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete
reference index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made
handsome and durable because it will have information for future
generations. Published by Orange Judd Company, the author has
reserved the first 1,200 copies for such of his friends as may wish
to have an autographed copy. Price $3.00 postpaid. New York City
sales only, add 2% Sales Tax. These are for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

From a Connecticut Farm

There is every indication that
farmers in this section will harvest
fine crops of tobacco, potatoes, and
corn, besides getting good yields of
the market vegetables. Fruit farm¬
ers, too, are looking for excellent
crops this year. Recent rains which
came just as farmers were fearing
an early drought brought about this
favorable condition. Hayfield yields
have been unusually good, and dairy
farmers are pleased with their well-
filled barns. Farmers in this section
feel that with continued good
weather, crops and prices are both
to jtheir advantage.

Strawberries sold well in the
auctioh market here this year. Buy¬
ers came from many states. The
average price per box sold was 13
cents. Smaller crates are now used
for carting strawberries. No 32-quart
crates were used this year. 24-quart
crates or 16-quart crates are used
now, and the fruit arrives in better
condition, fewer boxes showing
signs of crushed berries.

Frank Shepard of Litchfield
County raises potatoes the year
round. He is called the commuter
farmer because he raises a summer
crop here, then packs himself and
family off for Florida where he
raises another crop. His farm is
unusual because he plants four kinds
of potatoes, also because he irri¬
gates his entire 85 acres.

Income may be augumented in
many small ways by the enterprising
farmer who has ambition to utilize
all the resources of his land. Yester¬
day I talked with a farmer who
adds to his income by selling hem¬
lock boughs and cones to florists
in nearby cities. He and the women
of his family are much interested
in flowers, too, and raise many va¬
rieties of perennials and annuals.
This year they have found an ex¬
cellent market for cut flowers, Del¬
phinium, bluebells, some varieties of
iris, in fact most anything that was
in usable condition. Florists use them
in mixed bouquets and in corsages.

Wndow boxes which spend much
of their time in shade have given us
a special problem. On one porch
which receives almost no sun at all
we have found that only foliage
plants will ’ grow. We have two
window boxes on a northwest
porch which get sun part of the day.
We tried Petunias with slight success
one year, Begonias another. This
year we planted seeds of a variety
of tall nasturtium, and the plants
are thriving well.

We’ve heard that there are two
ways of going at the farming busi¬
ness; one to make money, the other
to fix oneself so there is less need
to spend money. Right now we
appreciate most the latter idea. We
go to the garden and orchard for
supplies, available to us for little
more than the labor expended on
them — the finest products Mother
Earth has to offer. e. p. p.

Lye for Beetle Grubs

When I was a boy on the farm we
leached a barrel of hard wood ashes
every Spring to get lye to make both
soft and hard soap. Here was, it
seemed to me, a new way to kill or
drive away these destroying Japanese
beetle grubs in the lawn. I spread a
generous covering of hard wood
ashes over the lawn and then used
the hose to give a moderate wetting
enough to make a clear lye to run
down the holes in the lawn made
by the beetles and soak around the
roots of the grass, but used enough
water to prevent the lye killing the
grass. Since then, 3 years ago, not an
inch of the lawn has been damaged
by these beetles. They could not
survive this lye solution. l. b. r.

For Price List

YORKWIN WHEAT (white)
NURED WHEAT (red)

RYE and other seasonal seeds for
August and September sowing.
Headquarters for Quality Farm Seeds.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGR0WER

Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

i. I ni _ . Best Varieties. Catalog Free.

>trawberry Plants Bmii pen*. G«rfletown, d«i

Rehoboth, Mass., Fair

Known as the biggest “little” fair
of Massachusetts, the Rehoboth Fair
of this year is expected to have the
largest exhibit of farm machinery
in a New England Fair, with the
exception of the Eastern States
Exposition at Springfield. The small
exhibits, including all of the 4-H
club work, will be conducted on the
mezzanine floor of the grandstand
while the farm machinery and all
heavy exhibits will be held on the
ground or main floor of the structure.

The parking area, taking care of
more than 8,000 cars, will be the
site of the horse pulling, ox pulling
and mechanical ,mule (homemade
tractor) pulling contests as well as
the big horse show on the final day.

The daily programs: Wednesday,
“Dighton Day.” Horse pulling con¬
test starting at 2 P. M. Thursday,
“4-H Day.” Program will include
contests and demonstrations, planned
by Bristol County 4-H Club agents,
Edwin R. Wyeth and Miss Mildred
A. Hogan. Ox pulling contest at 2
P. M. Hobby show by popular vote,
results to be announced at 9 P. M.
Friday, “Taunton Day.” Mechanical
mule (homemade tractor) contests.
Racing and pulling at 2 P. M. Satur¬
day, “Governor’s Day.” Horse show
at 2 P. M.

Every day will be known as
“Rehoboth Day.” The grounds are
situated four miles west of Taunton
Green on U. S. Route 44 (Taunton-
Providence highway).

Our “Bang-Up” Apple Crop

(Continued from Page 470
use in the packing house. Some of
the phrases, typed in large black
letters were: “Have a Heart, Handle
Fruit Carefully,” “Bruised Fruit
Never Heals, Please be Careful,”
“A Bruise Today Means a Rot or
Spot Tomorrow, Handle Fruit Care¬
fully, ’ “Every Bump Means a Bruise,
Be Careful,” “Bruised Fruit Means
Lower Grade,” “Banged-Up Fruit
Brings Knock-Down Prices, be Care¬
ful Please,” “Don’t Let Rough
Handling Ruin This,” (showing a
large perfect apple in color). The
placards have been very well re¬
ceived. Maybe they impressed the
boss. At least, there seems to have
been some improvement in fruit
handling.

Of course, there is a rush at pack¬
ing time, but it seems rather sad
that after we have fertilized, pruned,
cover-cropped, thinned and sprayed,
we should do as much or more
damage to our top-grade fruit than
the bugs and the weather combined.
Maybe we shall pack our fruit di¬
rectly from storage some day. That
would be ideal but rather costly. In
the meantime, let’s put the packing
house in order and insist that our
apples reach the consumer in all
their beauty and condition to back-
ud the claims of our advertising.
It is surely worth an earnest and
sincere trial.

A well-known paint company has
a slogan which states that if you
"save the surface you save all.” What
better motto could we adopt as apple
growers to apply to our crop?

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, Aug. 23, 1941
FARM TOPICS

The Syracuse State Fair Program . 474

Down Dixie Way . 475

New York’s Farm Census . 475

News From New Jersey . 483

Roadside Stands . 486

HORTICULTURE

Our “Bang-Up” Apple Crop . . 470

Ruralisms . 473

Connecticut Corn . 475

Melons as Bettle Traps . 475

LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY

Miik Made at Loss 11 Years . 476

Bureaucracy at Its Worst . . 476

Milk and Dairy Notes . 476

Statement by a Doctor . 477

Steer Studies . 478

WOMAN AND HOME

For Red Cross Workers . 480

Sponsers . 480

Children’s Rights . 480

Tested Pickles and Relishes . 480

Handicrafters-Gardeners . 480

When Sickness Strikes . 481

Notes From the Catskills . 481

Sewing Hints . 481

Boys and Girls . 484

THE HENYARD

Set Aside the Best 25% . 471

Home Grown Feed for Poultry . 477

Chronic Coccidiosis in Pullets . 482

Hens Do Not Lay . . . 482

Electric Brooder Capacity . 482

First Aid for the Henyard . 482

Dried Bread for Chicks . 483

In Favor of Egg Co-op . 483

MISCELLANEOUS

Up-State Defense Projects . 475

Our Great Democracy, Part VII . 477

Theron MacCampbell . 477

Town Meeting Spirit . . 477

Publisher's Desk . 486

N. V. State Expert Going to Orono .... 486

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

473

Ruralisms

The Showy Clematis. — One of
our friends who was touring in
Northern and Central New York in
early July was enthusiastic in ad¬
miration of the purple-flowered
Clematis decorating many country
homes. The vines covered porches
and trellises, a mass of starry blooms,
and made a gorgeous show. This is
Clematis Jackmani, probably the
best known and most widely planted
of the large-flowered sorts. The
flowers, a deep violet purple, are
often six inches across, and usually,
grow in groups of three, in terminal
panicles. The vine grows rapidly to
a height of 10 feet, and in a favor¬
able location it seems very long-
lived. This is a hybrid between
Clematis Viticella, which is native
to Southern Europe and Western
Asia, and C. lanuginosa,, a native of
China. There are a number of hy¬
brids belonging to this group, the
flowers varying from deep purple
and crimson to mauve, white and
pink. Duchess of Edinburgh is a
variety with large double flowers,
pure white and very fragrant. Belle
of Woking is another double sort,
the flowers a silvery, grayish color.
Personally we especially like the
single forms because of the perfec¬
tion of their starry shape. Mme.
Baron Veillard is a clear pink with
a satiny sheen; Ramona, pale blue;
Crimson King deep wine color with
pale stripes down the back of the
petals; Lady Caroline Neville an ex¬
quisite shade of pale mauve; Henry i
creamy white. There is also a white
form of Jackmani with very large
flowers. These are all hardy; they
prefer a cool moist soil with good
drainage, and preferably a southern
exposure. As the plant is to be
permanent the ground should be
very well prepared in advance. It
is advised to dig the place two feet
deep or more, working in well-
rotted manure and some sharp sand.
A hole or trench should be dug deep
enough so that the roots can be set
straight down, and the plant must
be set deep, so that the crown is
about three inches below the sur¬
face. The first year some winter
protection should be given the young
runners, either loose litter or burlap
being put over them, but after the
first year no protection is needed.
There is a borer that sometimes at¬
tacks the base of the • stem and the
crown; the grub must be cut out,
or where a very bad infestation oc¬
curs the whole plant may have to
be destroyed; it is the larvae of a
small moth which emerges about
August. It has not been a serious
trouble in our experience. Leaf-spot
and stem-rot, which sometimes oc¬
cur, may be treated with Bordeaux.

The Garden Lilies. — The original
Philippine lily, Lilium Philippinense,
was not hardy in northern gardens,
and it was not until a hardier type
was imported from Formosa that we
were able to grow it in our latitude.
This is called Lilium Philippinense
formosanum, and to our mind it is
the most beautiful of garden lilies.
In general appearance it is not
unlike the Regal lily, having the
same grass-like foliage thickly cov¬
ering the stem. The flower is a large
trumpet, rather long and elegantly
shaped, pure white shaded with
emerald green in the throat. It begins

to bloom in early August, after our
Regales are over, thus giving a
succession of blooms. It is extremely
floriferous, well - established bulbs
producing from two to four spikes
each and it is not uncommon to
see three to five flowers on a stalk.
This lily is of very easy culture; it
likes a well-drained sandy soil, the
bulbs being set about eight inches
deep. The surface should be mulched
after the ground freezes, but this
should be done with all lily plant¬
ings. The Philippine lily is not as
tall-growing as Regale. Our Ma¬
donna lilies did not make as fine a
show this year as last, the result,
we think, of late Spring frost, for
they are in active growth so early.
However, we had enough beautiful
spikes to show against the tall Del¬
phiniums. We do not know where
the supply of Madonna lily bulbs
will come from this year, for the
bulbs of this lily (Candidum) used
to come from France, but commer¬
cial bulb growing in the United
States is an increasing industry, and
will doubtless extend to many lines
of stock formerly imported. Lilium
candidum bulbs have always been
very moderate in price. A lily not
so frequently seen, but one that is
also very effective near Delphiniums,
is the Nankeen lily, L. testaceum.
‘This has flowers of a charming apri¬
cot color, with brilliant orange
anthers. It grows four to five feet
high, flowering in June and July; the
flowers are suggestive of the Ma¬
donna lily, with reflexed petals. The
bulbs are usually more expensive
than most of the commonly grown
lilies, which is probably the reason
why it is rarer in the ordinary
garden. But even a very economical
gardener can afford a lily display,
for so many of them are readily
raised from seed. Regale is especi¬
ally kind in rewarding the gardener
with its increase, and the young
bulbs soon attain flowering strength.
A lily that can be recommended as
a special feature in the rock garden
is the coral lily, Lilium tenuifolium;
it has brilliant scarlet nodding
flowers on slender stems about 18
inches high. It is sometimes called
the sealing-wax lily. It likes a cool
damp loam with good drainage and
partial shade, and seems very per¬
manent; we have had it in the rock
garden for about ten years. The
list of hardy garden lilies is now so
long that there are varieties for
every taste. There are particularly
fine garden varieties of L. auratum,
the golden-banded lily of Japan, and
of L. speciosum, with its broad,
rolled-back petals spotted and some¬
times banded with a deeper color —
white, pink and carmine. This
flowers in late Summer, and is of
the simplest culture. The chief
essential with garden lilies is to keep
the soil cool; either a year-round
mulch, or interplanting with per¬
ennials that provide shade at the
root. . E. T. Royle

Books for the Handyman

First Aid for Ailing Houses,

H. B. Whitman . 2.50

Make It Yourself,

Julian Starr . 2.50

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

Strip Farming on a Lancaster County , Pa. Farm.

New Idea Coin Pickets

1 -ROW and
2 - R 0 W

pickers"

Once a NEW IDEA Corn Picker has
been adjusted to your tractor, you can
hitch it up for work in less than two
minutes. Unhitched just as quickly to
free the tractor for other jobs. Remem¬
ber that these universal pull type
machines work with any tractor of
adequate power, regardless of
make or model. Never fail to
do a clean, economical job
of. picking, husking and
loading. Write TODAY!

1-row harvests 8 to
12 acres a day; 2-
row, 12 to 18 acre s.
Equipped with steel
wheels or air tires.

NEW IDEA, Inc., Dept. 661, Cofdwater, Ohio

Send free information on items checked.

Natne-

Addre ss_

.1-row Picker □ 2-row Picker

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if it has collapsed entirely — Craine can save
you half the cost of a new silo!

By Recovering with Silafelt and Crainelox Spiral Binding
— you have a new CraineTriple-Wail Silo! Three walls
bound together into a tower of strength that saves time,
work, repair expense — gives you better insulation, better
silage. And you can have either the original door front,
the Craine Bail Hinge Wood Frame Door Front,
or the new "24-Square” Cast-Iron Door Frame
System — non-warping, tight. This is the strongest
door front ever devised, yet it’s safer and easier to
operate — a new development by Craine engineers.

Write Today for FREE FOLDER
Describes this great money saver in detail.

Also, ask for present low factory prices.

Craine, Inc. 841 Taft St., Norwich, N. Y.

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A SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER !

^ Rural New-Yorker aims to furnish the most reliable information
available on all branches of agriculture and country life. It prints only
what is believed to be the truth, and only what is believed to be for the
beneht of the farmer.

Many of our old friends often express a desire to co-operate with us
by introducing The Rural New-Yorker to their friends and neighbors.
\\ e always appreciate such favors. This co-operation not only helps to
increase the circulation but it enables us to render more effective service to
farm interest.

For the purpose of introducing The Rural New-Yorker to new readers
we make a special short-time offer of — Six Months for 25 Cents.

If you have a friend whom you believe would find The Rural New-
Yorker helpful,_ write his name and address in the blank below and mail
it to us with 25 ceuts in stamps or coin for a six-month trial period. If
you prefer, send $1 for a three-year subscription.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th St. New York City

Name . .

R. F . D.

Post Office . . . . . state

474

August 23, 1941

•the RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Syracuse State Fair Program

Exhibitors at State Fair

All exhibits will be open at 8:30
A. M. and some of those of special
interest to farm families are:

Farm Machinery Building

Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Inc.; Clay
Equipment, Co.; Cleveland Tractor
Co.; James Manufacturing Co.;
Louden Machinery Co.; New Holland
Machine Co.; J. I. Case Company;
John Deere Plow Co. of Syracuse,
Inc.; Dellinger Manufacturing Co.;
Eureka Mower Co.; Grayely Motor
Plow & Cultivator Co.; International
Harvester Co.; LeRoy Plow Co.;
Letz Manufacturing Co.; The Massey -
Harris Co., Inc.; New Idea, Inc.;
Oliver Farm Equipment Co.; Papec
Machine Co.; Reilly & McGrevy;
Shaw Manufacturing Co.; Standard
Engine Co. of New York, Inc.; Surge
Milking Machine Co.; Sears, Roebuck
& Co.; DeLaval Separator Co.

Pure Foods Building

John F. Jelke Co.; Ball Bros.
Company; Frosted Foods Sales Co.;
Hazel Atlas Glass Co.; Beech-Nut
Packing Co.; Great Atlantic & Pacific
Tea Company.

Manufacturers and Liberal Arts Bldg.

Penn Oil Co.; Colonial Beacon Oil
Co.; Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc.;
Easy Washing Machine Corp.;
Kalamazoo Stove & Furnace Co.

Special Daily Features

The Model Home, renamed the
“Yankee Cottage,” with the decora¬
tive scheme, both inside and out,
red, white and blue, conforming to
the Fair’s patriotic defense theme, is
completely furnished with the latest
developments in the homemaking
field.

The Indian Village offers several
improvements and additions. Ritual
dances, varied daily and performed
at 11 A. M. and 5 P. M. every day
at Turtle Mound, and an enlarged
Indian Arboretum, the world’s larg¬
est display of Indian plants and
herbs.

Horses will play a big part in the
New York State Fair with awards
totaling $7,884 in the various draft,
breed and commercial classes; the
National Championship Horse Pull¬
ing Contest, in which 40 teams will
compete, and purses aggregating
$30,000 for the Grand Circuit harness
horse races to be held six afternoons,

Monday, August 25, through Satur¬
day, August 30.

The horse show will be held from
Thursday, August 28, through Satur¬
day August 30, in the race-track
infield.

The Grange Wing of the State
Institutions Building is devoted to
activities of the New York State
Grange. Mass displays of farm pro¬
duce exhibited by Grangers in
Horticultural Building.

County Home Bureau Exhibits —
Harriet May Mills Building.

Arts and Crafts Exhibits — Harriet
May Mills Building.

The new Conservation Building
will feature a large aquarium and
all state conservation projects.

The Farm Machinery Building.
Large and complete exhibits of farm
working equipment.

Agriculture and Live Stock. More
than $60,000 is offered in prizes and
premiums with record entries in
several classifications.

4-H Exhibits. — 4-H Building and
in show ring.

More than 75 baby beeves, raised
by 4-H Boys and Girls, will be
auctioned off on Tuesday. Officials
estimate that this sale will yield more
than $12,000 for a new all-time
record.

AGRICULTURAL FEATURES

Horses. — Breeding, draft, farm and
commercial classes on exhibit in
Draft Horse Building.

Cattle. — All classes on exhibit in
Cattle Building.

Sheep and Swine. — All classes on
exhibit in Sheep and Swine Building.

Poultry Show. — All classes of poul¬
try, pigeons, rabbits and cavies on
exhibit, and Egg Show and Turkey
Production Show in Poultry Building.

Flower Show. — Judging of Nur¬
sery, Commercial, Garden Club
classes, and many other classes on
exhibit.

Livestock. — On exhibition in 4-H
Pavilion and Cattle Building.

DAY BY DAY PROGRAM
SUNDAY AUGUST 24

12:00 Noon — Official gate opening
ceremony.

2 P. M. — - Inspirational Service, in
the Coliseum, Processional 2:30 P. M.
in the Coliseum, followed by com¬

plete service, including address of
welcome by Mayor Rolland B.
Marvin, responses by Commissioner
of Agriculture and Markets Holton
V. Noyes and feature address by
Father Richard J. Shields. Hymns
by 1,100-voice choir.

5 P. M. — Mass piano festival in the
Coliseum with 800 pianists partici¬
pating.

8. P. M. — Jim Eskew’s Rodeo in the
Coliseum and Grandstand Show
featured by aerial thrillers.

MONDAY AUGUST 25

9 A. M. — National Horse-Pulling
Contest Preliminaries for teams
weighing under 3,000 lbs.., on the
infield.

9 A. M. — Sheep Judging (Rani-
bouillet, Karakul) in the Sheep and
Swine Building.

9 A. M. — Flower Show Judging
(Amateur, Commercial and Nursery
Classes) in the Horticultural Bldg.

10 A. M. — Judging of Home
Bureau Exhibits in the Harriet May
Mills Building.

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Har¬
ness Horse Races, 2: 15 Pace, for one-
half Mile track Horses; 2:20 Trot
for one-half Mile Track Horses; 3-
Year-Old Trot, eligible 2:20 Class
August 1st; 2:24 Pace for one-half
Mile Track Horses. Circus, vaude¬
ville and hippodrome acts between
heats.

2 P. M. — The Rural New-Yorker
Speed Crochet Contest in the Harriet
May Mills Building.

8 P. M. — Grandstand, featured by
aerial thrillers.

8 P. M. — Jim Eshew’s Rodeo in
Coliseum.

TUESDAY AUGUST 26

8:30 A. M. — Cattle Judging in the
Coliseum (Holstein classes, including
heifers 18 months and under 2 years,
young herds, and junior get-of-sire;
Aberdeen-Angus steers and steer
groups; Hereford steers and steer
groups).

8:30 A. M. — Junior Crop Contest
in the Boys and Girls Building.

9 A. M. — Finals of National Horse
Pulling Contest for teams weighing
under 3,000 lbs. in the infield.

9 A. M. — Judging of Horses
(Breeding classes, grade ponies) in

the Coliseum.

9 A. M. — Sheep Judging (Shrop¬
shire, Hampshire, Cotswold, South-
down, Merino, Leicester, Lincoln,
Tunis) also judging of wool in the
Sheep Building.

9 A. M. — Swine Judging (Berk¬
shire, Chester White, Poland China)
in the Swine Building.

9 A. M. — Flower Show Judging
(Amateur, and Commercial classes)
in the Horticultural Building.

9 A. M. — Judging of Poultry, Pig¬
eons, Rabbits and Cavies in the
Poultry Building.

1 P. M. — Judging of Junior Guern¬
sey and Junior Jersey Classes in the
Coliseum.

1:30 P. M. — Baby Beef Sale.

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Harness
Horse Races, 2:20 Pace, for one half
Mile Track Horses; The Noyes — 2-
Year-Old Trot; 2: 14 Trot; Free-for-
all. Circus, vaudeville, and hippo¬
drome acts between heats.

2 P. M. — Grange Singing Contest
in the Grange Building.

8 P. M. Rodeo in Coliseum.

WEDNESDAY AUGUST 27
GRANGE DAY

8:30 A. M. — Cattle Judging (Hol¬
stein classes, including county and
D.H.I.A. herds; Guernsey classes, in¬
cluding heifers 18 months old and
under 2 years, young herds, and
junior get-of-sire; Jersey classes, in¬
cluding heifers 18 months and under
2 years, young herds, and junior get-
of-sire; Aberdeen-Angus classes;
(beef cattle district club classes) in
the Coliseum.

9 A. M. — National Horse Pulling
Contest Preliminaries for teams
weighing 3,000 lbs. or over in the
infield of the race-track.

9 A. M. — Judging of Horses
(Percherons) in the Coliseum.

9 A. M. — Sheep Judging (Oxford,
Dorset, Cheviot, Corriedale, Suffolk)
in the Sheep Building.

9 A. M. — "Swine Judging (Hamp¬
shire, Duroc- Jersey, Spotted, China
and N. Y. State Barrows) in the
Swine Building.

9 A. M. — Horse-Shoe Pitching in
the Horse-Shoe Pitching Court.

9 A. M. — Rabbit and Cavy Judging
in the Poultry Building.

9 A. M. — Flower Show Judging
(Amateur and Commercial classes)
in the Horticultural Building.

9 A. M. — Judging of Dairy Goats
(Continued on Page 483)

Special Events at the 1941 New York State Fair

^FROM ALL PARTS OF
JSL THE STATE WILL PARTICI-
M/ji PATE IN THE MASS P/ANO

f£$rmc-\n THE COLISEUM
SUNDAY PM. Aug. 24
FOLLOWING THE RELIGIOUS
SERVICES.

The exposition

THIS YEAR TAKES ITS
PLACE AS THE MOST
BRILLIANTLY LIGHTED
STATE FAIR IN THE
COUNTRY DUE TO
THE PURCHASE AND
INSTALLATION OF
f 500, 000 OF HEW
YORK WORLD'S
FAIR LIGHTS. „

EVEHTS YshoW

Wg&

AylMBLE FINGERED CRCCHETERS
WILL VIE FOR PREMIER HONORS

in the Speed Contest -

SPONSORED ay "THE RURAL
NEW VOMER*. MON. AFTERNOON
AU6.2S IN THE HARRIET MAY MILLS 1

BUILDING. /

THE ^

COLORFUL, EXCITING

STATE FAHZ

JFO TEAMS- '

REPRESENTING THE COUNTRY^ STRONGEST
WIR5-W1LLTU6 IT OUT IN THE NATIONAL
CHAMPIONSHIP HOKE-mUNG CONTEST
MON. THRU THORS J&kFUmoOHS IN THE
K _ AST RACETRACK INFIELD.

H00 VOICES’ THE LARGEST MA5S
CHORUS IN THE EAST- WILL PARTICIPATE
IN THE INTERDENOMINATIONAL REUGJOUS
SERVICES -OPENING THE FAIR SUN.

AFTERNOON AUG. 20

NORSE SHOW
WILL BE STAGED -
AFTE RN00NS * THUR$./r\

THRU SAT. IN THE
RACETRACK t
INFIELD. *

— ‘The

f*C/RCU$ON/CE\
SPARKLING ICESKATIN6I
REVUE, FEATURED B Y
NOVELTY CIRCUS NUMBERS
ON ICE, WILL BE OFFERED
IN THE COLISEUM - --
MATINEE AND EVENING
FN/. mu MON.

A new *30,000 Conservation Bldg.

WILL BE DEDICATED AT THE OPENING OF THE
EXPOSITION. A LARGE AQUARIUM AND WILD
LIFE SHOW ARE TWO OF THE MANY FEATURES.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

475

Connecticut Corn

Once again corn took a prominent
place at the Field Day of the
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment
Station at New Haven, held
at the Mount Carmel farm on
August 20. Plantings in 10 acres of
field plots, as well as indoor ex-

Mar cross, second early Connecticut-
bred sweet corn hybrid, ripened on
July 7 this year in the vicinity of
New Haven.

hibits, included experiments and ma¬
terial to interest growers of corn
for table use, ensilage and grain.

Connecticut is not the largest pro¬
ducing corn state in the country,
but it boasts certain outstanding
points. The average acre yield is
not surpassed any¬
where; the method
of producing hy¬
brids, developed
here, has been a-
dopted in all parts
of the world;

Connecticut hy¬
brid sweet corn
seed planted one-
tenth of the total
.hybrid sweet corn
acreage in the
United State in
1941.

Dr. Donald F.

Jones has de¬
veloped the Sta- Carmelcross is the
tions corn breed- trio. It is ready
mg program along four days later
lines to meet the

needs of the State. Connecticut grow¬
ers do not go in for large-scale pro¬
duction for canning and freezing.
The limited acreage and high value
of land would not justify such a pro¬
gram. Rather the farmers cater to
the markets of crowded cities and
towns of the East, emphasizing the
large quality ear so much in demand.
Since the best prices are paid for the
earliest corn, an important part of
the breeding program is to find hy¬
brids that will reach the market first.
The second object is to simplify the
growers’ planting problem by finding
hybrids that, when planted on a
single date, will supply a succession
of edible corn from early July
until frost. Thirdly, the Station
aims to improve on the types of
corn now raised here.

Dr. W. Ralph Singleton, in charge
of sweet corn experiments, reports
that the Station-developed Span-
cross, Marcross and Carmelcross,
ripening at intervals of three or four
days in the order given, are very
satisfactory for the early July sea¬
son. An attempt has been made this
year to speed up the ripening of
Spancross by using liquid fertilizer
in the rows at time of planting. At
the six-weeks stage, corn so treated
was ahead of the dry-fertilized corn,
but it remains to be seen whether
the head start will be maintained at
harvest.

Although Marcross is vei’y popu¬
lar, a rival is now being shown in
the field. This hybrid, Connecticut
13.15, has been superior in some re¬
spects in certain localities.

Golden Cross Bantam is the stand¬
ard late midseason corn. In this
period come numbered hybrids that
mature three or four days earlier,
and a few days later. Ripening at

the same time is Connecticut 31.51,
the same type as the Bantam but
with a larger ear. A sunred Golden
Cross Bantam is also in the corn¬
field. The extra late sweet corn
season is represented by Golden
Stowell’s.

Although all of the these hybrids,
as well as standard open-pollinated
varieties, will be growing in the
field, the early and midseason corn
will be past maturity on August 20.
In order to let the farmer see how
the fresh ears of each of these types
look, Dr. Singleton planed to have an
exhibit in the barn. Ears from the
several hybrids were husked as
soon as they were picked and placed
in the cellophane bags that are be¬
coming popular for marketing corn
this year. The advantage of these
transparent containers is that the
housewife can see exactly what
kind of corn she is getting for her
money. It has been found that
buyers are willing to pay a little
extra for first quality corn.

This brings up the subject of the
corn borer which has been a real
menace to early sweet corn in
Connecticut for the past few years.
In his experiments in 1940, and
again this year, Mr. Neely Turner of
the Station found that guaranteed
borer-free ears brought a premium.
• price on the farmers’ market. After
calculating the cost
of labor, insecti¬
cides to kill the
borers and machin¬
ery, Mr. Turner
concluded that it
pays the grower to
sort his com for
market as long as
buyers will pay
as much as $2.50
per hundred for
the number one
ears.

Mr. Turner de¬
monstrated in the
field just how dual
third of this early fixed nicotine dust
for picking about 1S used to obtain
than Marcross. a large percentage
. of borer-free ears
in infested fields.

Since dairy and poultry farming
are important industries in Connecti¬
cut, ensilage and grain corn are not
being neglected at the Station. Dr.
Jones reports that the best mid west¬
ern hybrids may be seen growing
at Mount Carmel in comparison with
the standard types of silage and grain
planted in Connecticut. The advan¬
tage of the hybrids is their ability
to stand erect in the storms of late
Summer and to make the necessary
amount of growth during the season.

Another exhibit in the corn field,
that is a curiosity rather than a part
of the breeding program, is a plant¬
ing of the British-American hybrid,
Merton 6xC13. This corn has a
Connecticut inbred as one parent

Spancross, Connecticut’s earliest
sweet corn hybrid, was harvested in
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., on July 3, 1941.

and appears extremely sturdy and
green at Mount Carmel. It is the
first English-made hybrid corn, seed
of which was sent from London
last April.

Up-State Defense Projects

You ought to see the defense ac¬
tivity in this area of Western New
York. There is an 8 to 12 million
dollar ordnance depot being con¬
structed in Seneca County just
across the lake. It is to store bombs.
There may be underground hangars,
even underground landing fields
making it possible for planes to fly
right into the side of the hills, and
there may be a seaplane base. There
will be between 6 and 7 thousand
men employed when things get going

full blast. One of my sons is handl¬
ing lumber at 70 cents an hour, from
6 A. M. until 2:30 P. M. — three
shifts. The other is a personnel clerk.
The money js big for these parts
and is attracting men like molasses
does flies. The net result is that we
will have a local labor shortage
which will make anything of the
past seem like play.

Then there is a Panzer Division
near Watertown, a tremendous air
field near Rome, and so on. Our
North Country is the first line of
defense. h. b. t.

Down Dixie Way

The South consists of one-third of
the total land area of the United
States. For land diversification one
can find not only the agricult¬
ural products produced above the
Mason-Dixon line, but also tropi¬
cal cotton and tobacco found in
South America and far off Egypt.
Peanuts, a wide variety of green
vegetables, wheat and other crops
constitute the backbone of the
South’s agricultural productivity.

My being in the South has opened
a new land for me, with an intro¬
duction of new farming methods,
soil management, new crops and the
association with a people who strive
to work the depleted land. As one
goes through the countryside, huge
fertilizer plants are found through
the rural districts supplying the
neighboring farms that were once
the fertile lands of the by-gone
plantations. In the early plantation
days the landowners took pride in
their land and practiced the little
known methods of soil conservation
of their time. It was not until the
sharecropper system came into effect
that these people worked the soil
for all that it was worth, and then,
defying all the laws of nature, left
the worn out soil to be acted upon
by the rains and the gouging fingers
of the wind. Though the South may
be one-third of a nation, one-th'ird
of the South is now infertile.

This year the disease blue-mold
has had little effect on the tobacco
crop and from the looks of things
there seems to be a favorable out¬
look for this year’s crop.

The sugar maple immedi¬
ately brings Vermont and New
England to mind. Down Dixie Way,
the most significant tree is the pine.
It was not until a few years ago
when the manufacture of paper
from these trees was made possible,
that they were brought into the lime¬
light. With the manufacture of rayon
and other cellulose products it be¬
came even more known.

With the defense program in fuU
swing many farmers are cutting
their crops of pine to be sawed into
lumber. At the present rate they
are being paid about $7 to $10 as
compared to $3 and $4 a year ago
for one thousand board feet in
stumpage. Timber as a crop is the
main object of extension foresters
in their farm forestry educational
program. Exactly what this may
mean has puzzled many, but the
general idea may be considered to
be the reorganization of the farm
woods as an agricultural crop, re¬
storing it to a productive condition
and managing it intensively for a
continuous supply of timber or for
its other beneficial values.

Since a few varieties of pine only
take from 30 to 40 years before being
suitable for lumber the farm fores¬
try program is being greatly en¬
couraged. To make this program
more effective there has been con¬
siderable discussion to lessen taxes
on farm forest land and also the
inauguration of a fire control edu¬
cational program. With much talk
concerning soil conservation the
pines work hand in hand with all
newly established soil conservation
programs. The planting of pine in
these areas has also given wildlife
a new start with the addition of a
needed protective cover.

The tobacco farmer for years has
depended on the pine for the curing
of hi^ tobacco. During the Winter
months when the fields are left idle
every tobacco farmer enters the
woods to select sufficient timber that
may be needed for the curing pro¬
cess. To cure tobacco takes from
five to seven days and nights of
continuous firing before the green
leaves are turned into a golden
brown. Tobacco curing barns in the
South are as common as farm barns
in the North. They .too are made
of pine, long peeled logs laid %ne
on top of the other, the cracks filled
with cement or clay.

The naval stores produced from
the longleaf and slash pines give the
nation and even the world a steady
supply of turpentine, rosin and the
• product of distillation of turpentine,
the fragrant pine oil. Turpentineing
is a fascinating work and yet a
dangerous risk to the landowner as
fire is always a menace. Every year
a v-shaped face is cut into the bark
and a portion of the bark above the
face is removed. A cup is then
placed at the base of the cut to

catch the oil, a sticky mass. After
the oil has been collected it is re¬
fined. When these trees are sapped
out they are cut down and sawed
into five foot lengths for pulpwood.

The Southern Pine is certainly
not a tree of great beauty but the
innumerable tasks it performs make
it a treasured resource of the South.
It is for this reason it is carefully
protected from fire and destruction
by the landowners, county, state and
Federal Government all working to¬
gether. R. Dorsen

Melons as Beetle Traps

I just read how to catch Japanese
beetles in yellow traps. I can im¬
prove on those traps. I have been
using for years the rind of canta¬
loups. We eat a lot of cantaloups so
have the rind to put around rose
bushes and grapevines; the inside of
the rind of cantaloups being of
orange yellow makes it very attrac¬
tive for the beetles. A few years ago
when beetles were more numerous
I would catch from eight to ten
quarts a day. There are 4,000 beetles
in a quart. After putting out the
rinds I go around twice daily to
collect. I use a large funnel over a
mason jar, and in the jar about two
inches of coal oil. I take up the rinds
very carefully then dump in the
funnel where they get a bath of coal

At work with the binder on the
Duncan Campbell farm in Dansville,
Montour County, Pennsylvania.

oil and are killed. Sometimes the
rinds are so full of beetles that you
cannot see a bit of yellow.

Everyone who eats cantaloups can
use the rind to a good purpose. I
wish I had made this known years
ago. People would have eaten more
cantaloups, more would have been
grown and there would be less
beetles today. James j. vibert.

New fork's Farm Census

On New York State’s 153,238 farms
last year, there were 113,913 auto¬
mobiles, 48,522 motor trucks and
53,230 tractors. The average farm
automobile was built in 1933, with
the average truck in 1932 and the
average tractor in 1931. Seven farm¬
ers out of every 10 in the State have
electric current in their homes. Two
out of five have telephones. These
are the latest 1940 census figures.

In 1939, New York farmers re¬
ceived $17,2;- j, 361 from 194,766
acres of vegetables, exclusive of
Irish and sweet potatoes, harvested
for market. The most important
vegetables, based on dollar volume
of sales were: cabbage, tomatoes,
dry onions, cauliflower, sweet corn,
celery, carrots, green peas, string-
beans and spinach.

Here are some further facts from
the census:

The average New York farmer has
been in business since 1924. Farmers’
goats numbered 9,425, of which only
24 were Angoras.

Farmers, whose properties were
on hard-surfaced roads, numbered
83,289; on gravel, shell or shale roads,
22,614; on improved dirt roads 23,007;
on unimproved dirt roads, 20,009.

There are 5,377,131 apple trees of
bearing age in the State and 1,204,430
juniors. An acreage of 287,622 was
planted in orchard fruit, vineyards
and nut trees. Blackberries and dew¬
berries marketed during the year
numbered 462,912 quarts; blue-
296>731 quarts; currants,
1,720,645 quarts. p. b. o.

476

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established iSSO

I’ll witched Bi-Weekly by the Rnral I’ubliihlng Co., Inc. 333 We«t30(b St,, New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berohold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolwobth, Woman and Home Editor
H B. Tukky Rijssell w. Duck

T, B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

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Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line — 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes between our subscribers and honest,
resoonsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end. but such cases should not be confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent tQ us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

Milk Made At a Loss 11 Years

NO candid man can study the available
record of milk distribution in the New
York milk shed for the past 20 years without
being convinced that the plan then adopted
was a counterfeit of cooperation; that it was
devised and set up by the Borden Company
and Dairymen’s League leaders who basely
professed loyalty to dairyfnen; that the pur¬
pose of it was to clothe dealers with power
to fix the price to pay farmers for their milk;
that the execution of the plan was cruel, ruth¬
less and deliberate; that in an almost con¬
stant decline, the price a cwt. of milk paid
farmers dropped from about $2.60 in 1920 to
as low as 68 cents in February, 1933; that at
that time the dairy industry was on the brink of
ruin; that the Borden-League Alliance domin¬
ated the State Control that followed and was
the main cause of the failure of State Control;
that the violation of morals and law in the
milk industry during that four years of State
Control was a reproach to its administration
and a scandal to the State; that the Bargain¬
ing Agency set-up was a brazen assumption of
power by the “Big-3,” Borden, National
Dairy and the League, and collapsed in five
months; that the Federal-State scheme was
a desperate attempt of the Big-3 to save the
system of exploitation; that despite the
heroic attempts of Administrator Cladakis to
eliminate fraud and graft, dairy farmers of
the milk shed are now in the most dangerous
plight of their history; that the system violates
morals, justice and civil law; and that it is
a failure and a calamity. The law that author¬
ized this system was approved by Governor
Lehman.

When a group of courageous dairy farmers
revolted recently through the Dairy Farmers’
Union, their action soon threatened to become
a rebellion of the producers of the entire milk
shed. The barons of the milk monopoly took
to the woods and their stooges who heretofore
abused every one who opposed their selfish
regime, sensed a general revolt and joined the
protest against the result of their own 20 years
of exploitation in an attempt to ward off the
pent-up wrath of their victims.

The recent milk hearings were not a closed
Grand Jury to indict criminals, but an open
inquest to appraise the accumulative effect of
making milk for 20 years at less than the
actual cost of production. The farmers clearly
and ably stated the facts covering a period
of 10 or 12 years and confirmed by professional
investigators. It was admitted that dairy
farmers as a whole are at the end of their
endurance. But under the system they can
do nothing about it but protest and wait on
the pleasure of others to fix the price of their
product. No culprits were named directly.
They turned “State’s evidence” against the
effect of the selfish, ruthless system they
created. Their lawyer was present to challenge
any incriminating evidence of their responsi¬
bility as he had successfully done on two
previous hearing.

The whole subject, however, was ably sum¬
med up at the close by Mr. Owen D. Young,
a noted lawyer, retired industrialist, and now
a milk producer of Van Hornesville, N. Y. He
criticised the system some months back, and

•He RURAL NEW-YORKER

expressed on this occasion the need of changes,
but emphasized at present the prompt in¬
crease of price. His review, however, in¬
cluded logic and facts that show that, while
the drought increased Ihe farmers’ burden, if
farmers had been receiving a fair return
during the past ten years, their profit and
savings would enable them to face the
drought without fear of hardship. Instead,
he said, the records show that not once in
eleven years have milk prices reached the
cost of production. This and much more that
he said in favor of an immediate and ample
price increase, had direct bearing on the
future of the system of distribution. Out¬
standing among such suggestions was his re¬
quest that “a specific finding of fact be made
on the record of the fair and reasonable cost
of producing 100 pounds of milk for the fluid
market of the City of New York under con¬
ditions now existing in this milk shed.”

The sincerity of the whole regime is
challenged in that one suggestion.

At another time we will quote more fully
from this excellent review.

THE transfer of oil tankers to England has
brought home to many for the first time
the tremendous quantity of gasoline used in
this country. May sales of taxable gasoline
in New York State reached the prodigious
total of 180,245,301 gallons, an increase of
16,000,000 gallons over the same period a year
ago, and still going up.

The waste or intemperate use of anything
is morally wrong. Some will go even so far
as to say that intemperance in the use of
gasoline is as great a social problem as in¬
temperance in the use of alcohol. Perhaps
out of the crusade against jack rabbit start¬
ing, oil burning, and excessively high speeds
will come a national reawakening to the con¬
servation of our resources and a better
balanced sense of values measured by other
standards than how many miles were covered
between dawn and dusk, and how fast the
old jalopy would travel. If it does, it will
have been a gain in real values, and at the
expense of no one — neither in business nor
out of business.

Bureaucracy at Its Worst

THE experiences of dairymen in some
counties in New York State indicate that
the health authorities have determined to
defeat the sale of milk under the Graves-
Whitney Law. The defeat of the law is ac¬
complished by refusing to give the farmer a
local health permit.

Dr. A. T. Davis, the Commissioner of
Health of Suffolk County, is the most arbi¬
trary health officer that we have encountered
in 50 years. He seems to pride himself on the
fact that the health authorities have power
to refuse a permit regardless of the Agri¬
culture and Markets Law or any other known
power. We recently had occasion to state to
him that a farmer who has been selling milk
to a licensed distributor in his jurisdiction,
with the highest record in all the required
tests, has been refused a permit to sell the
same milk under the provisions of the
Graves-Whitney Law. We asked Dr. Davis
to be good enough to tell us why this high
standard of milk on his own test would not
be acceptable for sale at the farm under the
provisions of the Graves-Whitney Law. We
received a brief curt reply to the effect that
our question was answered by the Sanitary
Code, a copy of which he had previously sent
us, but which did not reveal the answer to
our inquiry.

In Suffolk County, it appears they permit
the sale of milk only where facilities for
cooling and bottling are provided and ade¬
quate. Health officers dictate these laws, make
their own regulations and then enforce them
as they please.

They defeat the State Graves-Whitney
Law by a local ordinance which does not
permit the sale of loose milk. In other words,
the local health officers claim authority to
nullify the State Law. Under the State
Sanitary Code, we are informed, milk can
be sold in customers’ containers only with
special permission of the local health officer
and it is discretionary with him to issue or

August 23, 1941
•

not to issue a special permit. That is too much
power to vest in any one man in a govern¬
ment that is supposed to get its power from
the people. No dairy farmer wants to sell
anything but clean, pure, healthful milk, but
when a health bureau sets up rules that per¬
mit the sale of milk through a dealer to be
sold any time within a week and prohibits
the sale of that same milk direct to a con¬
sumer for consumption within a few hours,
we believe it to be the duty of Dr. Davis or
any other health officer to explain the reason
for the discrimination. The explanation is
especially due in this case since the bureau¬
cratic ordinance seems to be in conflict with
both the spirit and the word of the Graves-
Whitney Law.

Save the Surface

F. VIERHELLER proposes on page 470
• the slogan “Save the surface and
you save all,” in which he refers to apples
and the avoidance of bruising. It is a timely
suggestion. Anyone who has followed the
fruit game over a period of years is bound
to confess that bruising and faulty handling
are responsible for more price reductions and
sales losses than nine growers out of ten would
believe. It seems scarcely credible to a grower
who packs fine fruit into a box in his orchard
that that same fruit could be offered to a
consumer in the miserable condition in which
she receives it. The failure begins with the
grower, the picker, and the packer, and con¬
tinues all down the line — each one adding
his bit of injury, no matter how slight, to
the sad ending.

The answer lies in education and in count¬
less repetition to the picking crew, to the
packing gang, and to truckers and handlers
generally — not to forget the problem of mer¬
chandizing and careful handling by clerks in
retail stores. “Save the surface” is a good
slogan, and the time to begin is now.

Milk and Dairy Notes

Country papers have been enthused over
the increase of one cent a pound in cheese
prices for the month of August. That means
about five cents a cwt. increase for the milk
sold to cheese factories. Needless to say, pro¬
ducers were not among the enthusiasts.

The Milk Industry Foundation, a milk
distributors’ organization, furnishes releases
for the daily papers telling of the wonderful
gains in the dairy industry so far in 1941 as
compared with 1940. If these statements are
true, the increases in the profits escaped the
up-State farmers who testified in the up¬
state milk hearings last week, but the story
is probably intended as propaganda to in¬
fluence the coming announcement of milk
prices. The authors probably accepted Hitler’s
theory that the bigger the lie, the easier it
is to be believed by the masses.

The net six months earnings of the National
Dairy Products Corporation exclusive of
foreign subsidiaries are officially reported,
after paying all other charges including
interest, taxes, salaries, etc., at $5,635,680
against $5,125,871 in 1940. This is an increase
for the half year of $509,809. Evidently there is
no drought emergency in milk distribution.

Brevities

A Quarter million Spring lambs are now in
New York State pastures.

North Carolina has an Indian population of
about 20,000.

“The earth is the Lord’s and the fulness there¬
of; the world, and they that dwell therein.”
Psa. 24:1.

The government report of milk production in
this country for the first six months of 1941,
places it at nearly sixty billion pounds.

Contract tomato prices in New Jersey this
year are $20 to $21 per ton for No. 1. The State
has 3^,590 acres in tomatoes; yields run about
six tons per acre.

About 1,350,000 bushels of apples were pro¬
cessed in New York State last year into canned
apples a v. 4pple sauce. These products are sold
quite largely in New York City stores.

Set out some first-runner strawberry plants
as soon as they are ready to move, give them
good care this Fall, and you will have some fruit
next Summer, and a stand of plants worth look¬
ing at. .

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

477

Town Meeting Spirit

WHITE LAKE nestles in a basin of the
highlands of Sullivan County, 45
miles west of Newburgh on the Hudson River
and 15 miles east of Cochecton on the Dela¬
ware. The region has been noted as
a health and summer resort for city vacation¬
ists for a century. Washington Irving made
White Lake famous for its clear waters, its
silvage of blooming rhododendrons and gener¬
al beauty many years ag^. At its outlet for
many years, stood a small house where I was
born nearly 85 years ago. It has been a tra¬
dition that my father in the prime of his
early manhood swam the lake from shore to
shore, a distance of one mile, with no pro¬
tection but his sturdy arms, stout heart and
skill.

White Lake was a part of a very large tract
of land ceded to an English family by Queen
Anne of England and kncwn as the Harden-
burg Patent. This patent or deed of owner¬
ship is mentioned in the deeds of the farms
of the region as the basic title. In time, vari¬
ous portions of the land surrounding the Lake
have been sold to many present owners and
occupants. It is now principally a summer
resort for home owners and hotel patrons.
Up to now, all residents and visitors have
been free to bathe and boat in and on the
placid waters of the Lake.

Recently a corporation calling itself “Waters
of White Lake, Inc.” speaking through an
attorney, has demanded a fee from all who
wish to swim or boat in the waters of White
Lake and has threatened “action” against all
who refuse or neglect to comply with the
demand.

The community promptly assembled at the
village firehouse. It included men and women,
age and youth, foreign and domestic, of every
nationality and of all creeds and all occupa¬
tions from the wealthy hotel proprietor to
the milk man, and every profession from the
nobleman of the law down to the modest
newspaper scribe. The earnest people had
many views and spoke their minds freely.
There were many spirited suggestions for
reaction to the challenge,’ but out of the seem¬
ing confusion, the wisest and best possible
conclusion developed. Evmy person pledged
himself and herself to ignore the demand for
a fee, to continue to use the Lake just as he
or she had done all their lives, await the
threatened “action,” whatever it may be, and
pledged themselves to defend any person or
number of persons on whom the threatened
“action” might fall.

It was to me a great and successful demon¬
stration of the Town Meeting brand of
American Democracy. j. j. d.

Our Great Democracy

Part VII

THE individual right to property is as
fundamental as the right to life. Every
person born has a right to some portion of
the earth and the free gifts of nature, such
as air, sunshine and water, to stand on and
to support life. Otherwise life would perish.

Most of us in every day language speak of
property and wealth as meaning the same
thing. Actually, they have a distinctly
different meaning. Definitions of wealth are
expressed in variable language. The follow¬
ing is by John Stuart Mill:

“Wealth may be defined as all useful or
agreeable things which possess exchange
value.”

A text book gives this definition:

“Wealth consists of all useful material
things owned by human beings.”

Property is a technical term used to ex¬
press the right of income, or benefits of owner¬
ship. Wealth is a physical, a material thing.
Property is immaterial and intangible. It ex¬
presses the right of the owner of wealth to
the benefits, use and income of it.

At the age of maturity when a person is
charged with responsibility to make, j-.is own
living, he has an inherent right -to a share
of the gifts of nature so abundantly provided
by Providence for all of us to mable the
humblest of us to provide himself $ith food,
shelter and clothing. Our State Constitution
couples the protection of life with the pro¬
tection of property in the following words:

“No person shall * * * be deprived of life,
liberty or property without due process of

law; nor shall any private property be taken
for public use without just compensation.”

And the Fourteenth Article of the Federal
Constitution says:

“ No State shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges and
immunities of citizens of the United States,
nor shall any Slate deprive any person of
life, liberty or property without due process
of law.”

Originally, individual property rights or
ownership in land were acquired by first
occupancy. Later, kings and monarchs gained
control of land by conquest and divided it
up among their favorites and political allies.
Such lands were held by these lords and
worked by slaves and peasants who were
subjected to cruelty, privation and outrage.
In America, title to these lands was trans¬
ferred to individuals in smaller parcels
through written instruments which we call
deeds.

Movable property, as distinct from land or
real estate, is commonly referred to as per¬
sonal property.. The best title to personal
property is production and possession. It is
also acquired by purchase, gift and inheri¬
tance.

Home Grown Feed for Poultry

TWT ANY poultry farmers have from ten to
twenty acres of tillable land in addition
to what is needed for their yards or runs for
the birds. What can be grown on this land
that will help in the feed problem?

A sizable field of yellow flint corn is worth
considering. It is well understood that from
the standpoint of vitamins and general poul¬
try feeding value, this yellow corn is superior.
Varieties that will mature to hard corn in
most of our eastern country are available.
There is no doubt that the hens like it better
than the late dents that have to be rushed
to the dry kiln and may be heated or even
get a touch of mold before finally dried. An¬
other crop of value is heavy oats if the land
will produce them. They are excellent for
hens. But they must be grown on real oat
ground and in an oat climate. Moist soil and
rich clay or sand loam are desirable.

Great effort should be made to grow alfalfa,
enough for both Summer and Winter use, and
cure the hay so as to save the green leaves.
They are a Winter gold mine for the hens.
Beets and cabbage for Winter use will make
variety, which is as truly the spice of a hen’s
life as that of us humans.

Theron Mac Campbell

HP HERON MAC CAMPBELL of Holmdel,
N. J., a former Assemblyman from Mon¬
mouth County, New Jersey, died on August
4 from injuries received in an automobile
accident. Mr. MacCampbell was a stalwart,
independent, homespun farmer and gave per¬
sonal attention to his 522-acre farm which he
bought in 1910 after retiring from the news¬
paper business. He created the first pattern
chart for women’s dresses ever used on an
envelope and organized The Ladies Home
Journal Pattern Company. He served in the
Legislature four terms and said his only ex¬
penses were oil and gasoline for his old
Ford pick-up truck. He campaigned for tax
reform and refused to countenance the sales
tax on potatoes and later on grapes, advertis¬
ing that he would sell them without the sales
tax. Because of his great popularity no
trouble resulted. This same independence was
maintained throughout his life and he will
be greatly missed by his neighbors and friends.

Milk and Cream Supply

Recipts at the New York metropolitan area for
June, 1941. , — — — - 40-qt. Units-

State of origin Milk

New York . 2,250,943

New Jersey . 471,735

Pennsylvania . . . 426,983

Connecticut . 21,679

Vermont . 94,504

Maryland . 25,809

Ohio .

Massachusetts . . . 15,700

Total, June, 1941.3,307,353

Cream Condensed

120,573

3,870

8,592

9,451

3,070

145,556

55,678

5,716

61,394

Total, June, 1940 . 3,1'61,896 146,880 62,140

New York furnished 68 per cent of the milk and
82 per cent of the cream coming into the city
for all the month of June, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Statement by a Doctor

I was very much pleased to see that someone
has had the temerity to write the story about
milk and I trust that much of the scandalous
legislative doings in Albany and in our legislative
bodies in Pennsylvania, Connecticut and other
States has been brought to light. If you have
not included in your book, “Seven Decades
of Milk,” the truth about pasteurized milk
and its detrimental effect on the human
species because of the vital changes, includ¬
ing the loss in calcium, iodine and vitamin
percentages it undergoes in pasteurization thereby
affecting the bony development, growth and the
resistance to pulmonary diseases, it should be
published in another book. I feel sure that if
the public knew the truth of how they are
being swindled and overcharged by these milk
profiteers, they would demand a return to the
use of raw milk and a proper content of butter-
fat at a fair price to the consumer and a decent
price for the milk farmer. Prices to consumers
are prohibitive, profits to handlers are far in
excess of what they should be and a lot of these
laws which were put over and signed by Governor
Lehman are mainly for the benefit of the large
milk concerns and to the detriment of the farmer
and the city housewife and should be junked. I hope
that you have given space to the subject of the
tuberculin test, which I consider some more bunk
because a positive tuberculin test in a cow is no
proof of tuberculosis — a fever from any other
cause will give ~ a positive tubercular reaction.
Besides, bovine tuberculosis has nothing to do
with human tuberculosis. It is a shame that so
many healthy cows have to be destroyed each
year because of this humbug legislation.

™^,dlyu se,nd me a c°Py of “Seven Decades of
Milk check enclosed. I hope that through the
spreading of its contents and the enlightment and
education of the people about the truth of this
subject, something may eventually emanate which
will give the public the real old fashioned, honest
to goodness milk without any fancy names and
some good buttermilk (not churned skim milk
™h, a few deceptive flakes of butter added and
labeled buttermilk”). When I was a boy, butter-
milk was a _ fluid which was left after churning
the cream in the process of buttermaking and
not churned sour milk.

Wishing you success and that numerous editions
of this book will have to be printed to meet the

deNewdYorkthe publlc’ Emil J. Knips, M. D.

Home Ties Broken

\A/ E are one of 150 families who have
been forced from our farm homes in
this vicinity of Seneca County to give place
to a munitions factory. Last Spring after the
early crops were planted a man came around
to appraise our farms. Next a negotiator came
who told us what we would receive. The
price fixed may be fair provided we wished
to sell but the farm was our home which had
been in the family since revolutionary times
and we did not wish to sell. We are one
of many so situated. Wre were told, however,
that we would have ample time to vacate
after the acceptance of the option. At mid¬
night on Saturday we were told the option
was accepted. On Monday we received notice
to vacate within three days. We had an ac¬
cumulation of a lifetime to move 28 miles
away. We are a family of three old people
aggregating better than 222 years and not
in the best of health.

We purchased another home agreeing to
pay cash expecting the money for the farm,
but we received no money from our old home
and do not know when we will. They had
begun to destroy the house before we left.
They tore down the building, took out a few
beams and set fire to the rest and destroved
the crops. We are not writing this to find
fault. We are thankful that we are not actu¬
ally in war but there has been much pub¬
lished about this undertaking which is not
true and we wish to state the facts.

Trumansburg, N. Y. E. L. Cook.

“Seven Decades of Milk 99

I have read your fine book “Seven Decades of
Milk” through twice and find it the most en¬
lightening and interesting book I have ever read
Much of it I’ve lived through and I find it gives
facts and figures that put our State authorities
and dealers on the spot. The lesson is evident
and clear. Farmers must fight together for their
right to set the price and terms for their milk
The experience of the seven decades proves it.
God will surely be on their side when they fi«fit
together for justice.

New York Mrs. Maybelle Van Dewalker

I am confident that your fight for a sound milk
policy has not been in vain and that this book
will do much to assure the adoption of your
principles and program ultimately. Your auto¬
graph of my copy will be appreciated and prized
New York R A R

478

Vhe RURAL. NEW-YORKER

August 23, 1941

Stock and Dairy

Live

A continued upward trend in con¬
sumer demand, together with a world
shortage of beef, will probably re¬
sult in an increased price for finished
cattle. Corn Belt cattle on feed were
about 16 per cent more this Spring
than last year. A resultant heavy
increase in market cattle will prob¬
ably occur during the late Summer
and early Fall. There may be some
decreases - in prices during this
period. Range conditions this Spring
were the most favorable for the past
10 years. Heavier weights and more
maturity may therefore be present
in Fall receipts of feeder cattle.
Range cattle came through last
Winter in good condition. The 1941
calf crop has been larger than for
some years past. There will be some
shortage of hay and silage on East¬
ern farms. Steer feeding based on
purchased feeders will probably be
somewhat more speculative than
usual during the coming Winter.

Handling Previous to Fattening

Several inquiries have been re¬
ceived relative to the most satis¬
factory method of feeding and handl¬
ing western steer calves prior . to
their fattening period. In discussing
this problem with Dean and Direc¬
tor H. P. Rusk of the Illinois Ex¬
periment Station on my visit there
last Summer he spoke of their pro¬
jects conducted in 1937 and 1938
which covered various phases per¬
taining to this matter. These ex¬
periments show that for the 1937
test the methods of management
previous to placing on feed appeared
to have no effect upon the weight
of the calves taken four weeks after
they had been started on feed, pro¬
vided the quality and quantity of
roughage or pasture used was ade¬
quate and good. Stalk field pasture
was much less valuable for calves
than either bluegrass or brome grass,
but its use appeared to be in no way
harmful.

Results obtained in the Fall of 1938
from grazing beef calves on pastures
and stalk fields were not as satis¬
factory as were those of the previ¬
ous year. On October 25, 1938, 117
Texas calves were unloaded for the
Experiment Station at Urbana, Ill.,
and grazed on brome grass pasture
until October 29th, when they were
then divided into four droves. One
group was placed on bluegrass, an¬
other on orchard grass, a third group
on stalk field plus about IV2 pounds
of alfalfa hay per head daily and
a fourth group was placed in dry
lot and received an average daily
ration of 12 pounds of corn silage,
two pounds alfalfa hay, and about
one pound of soybean oil meal. The
average initial weight of the calves
was a little over 400 pounds per
head. They were fed as mentioned
for their first 25 days on test, and
all three pasture groups just about
maintained their weights, making
very small fractional gains. However,
the calves fed silage and hay as
stated gained nearly one pound per
head daily during this period. More¬
over, the calves run on pasture did
not gain any more rapidly when
put into dry lot than did the calves
which had been fed silage and hay.
As a consequence, the pasture
calves gained an average of about
19 pounds less per head than the
silage and hay calves during their
first 62 days of management.

Computed in terms of feed cost,
the use of bluegrass and orchard
grass pasture saved $7.51 worth of
feed for each acre of pasture used
for the 25 days of preliminary feed¬
ing. However, feed cost savings are
not always profitable, as is well
illustrated by the results of this test.
The increased gains made by the
silage-alfalfa hay fed calves made
their total cost per hundred weight
only $9.31 as compared with an aver¬
age of $9.59 for those grazed on
pasture and stalk fields (plus some
hay). This is calculated on the basis
of no charge for the pasture used,
because probably most feeders handl¬
ing calves in this manner figure the
stalk fields and late pasture would
be wasted anyway. Please note that
these results were obtained with
late pasture and should not be com¬
pared with possible gains and growth
for good pasture made during either
Spring or Summer.

The method used in handling
. steers for the first three or four

Steer

By R

weeks following their arrival at the
farm seems to be very important in
its relation to subsequent gains and
costs. In many cases feeder steers
are placed' on poor pasture or stalk
fields late in the season prior to
being started on feeds, and as a re¬
sult may lose 10 per cent or more
of their arrival weight. Such losses
when they occur, have not only
greatly increased the initial cost per
hundred of the cattle, but have
correspondingly widened the neces¬
sary margin for the steers so
handled.

Optimum Roughage

It should be of interest and value
for us to consider the most satis¬
factory amounts of roughage to feed

fattening beef calves in order to ob¬
tain greatest efficiency and economy
of gain. A recent experiment con¬
ducted at the Illinois Experiment
Station with beef calves having an
average initial weight of about 420
pounds shows that medium roughage
ration, which averaged 8.3 lbs. corn
silage and 2 lbs. alfalfa hay for their
first 150 days on feed, and 6.5 lbs.
silage and 2 lbs. hay for their last
112 days, plus a full feed of grain
for the entire period, gave the high¬
est return above cost of cattle and

Studies

W. Duck

feed. These calves were fed in com¬
parison with similar groups receiv¬
ing a heavy roughage ration, light
roughage ration ,and roughage only
for their first 150 days on feed.

It seems especially significant and
pertinent to note that the calves re¬
ceiving a light roughage ration, con¬
sisting of a little over 5 pounds of
alfalfa hay, average, per head daily,
were exceedingly difficult- to keep on
feed. Director Rusk told me that
during their entire 262-day feeding
period, these light roughage fed
calves “stalled” or went off feed a
total of 28 times. They also de¬
veloped a tendency to bloat fre¬
quently, and one steer in this group
died from the effects of bloating.
None of the calves in either the

heavy or medium silage fed groups
bloated or went off feed.

The average total gain per head
for the medium roughage fed group
was 495.28 lbs., or an average daily
gain per head of 1.89 lbs. for a feed¬
ing period of 262 days. Their feed
requirement per hundred pounds
gain was 398 lbs. of corn silage, 106
lbs. of alfalfa hay, 480 lbs. of shelled
corn and 71 lbs. of soybean oilmeal.
With feeds figured at the then pre¬
vailing price of, corn silage $4.25 per
ton, alfalfa hay $10, shelled corn 42

cents per bushel, and soybean oil
meal $26 per ton, the feed cost per
hundred pounds gain for these calves,
fed as mentioned, was $5.89. The
total feed consumed in 262 days per
head by these medium roughage fed
calves was, corn silage 1,970 lbs.,
alfalfa hay 524 lbs., shelled corn
2,374 lbs., and soybean oil meal 350
lbs. It is thus seen that the protein
supplement was fed in the ration of
1 pound of soybean oil meal to a
little less than 7 pounds of shelled
corn.

The calves fed roughage alone for
their first 150 days on test made good
subsequent gains, but this resulted
in no saving for feed in cost arid
required from 50 to 60 days longer
to give them the same degree of
finish attained by the medium rough-
age fed lot. One group of roughage-
only fed calves received corn silage
and alfalfa hay, and the other
roughage-only group received alfalfa
hay and oat straw. No significant
differences were obtained as a re¬
sult of feeding and comparing these
two methods of roughage-only feed¬
ing. If considerable quantities of
good quality roughage, either silage
or hay alone or combinations of
both are available, and if there is
a shortage of grain or if grain has
to be purchased, then the results of
the Illinois test, as I interpret them,
seem to indicate that it would be
advisable to feed good quality rough-
age alone as mentioned for the first
150 days of feeding. The Illinois
calves so fed averaged making daily
gains for a period of 150 days of
1.06 lbs. for the alfalfa hay-oat straw
group, the silage and alfalfa fed
calves averaged gaining 1.32 lbs. per
head daily. The average daily ration
for one group was alfalfa hay 11 lbs.,
oat straw 2 lbs.; the other roughage
alone group averaged daily per head
18.9 lbs. corn silage, and 3 lbs. of
alfalfa hay.

For their last 112 days on feed
all groups except the light roughage
lot were given comparable amounts
of roughage which averaged about
7 lbs. per head daily, plus 2 lbs. of
alfalfa hay. The light roughage
group was fed at the rate of 4.2 lbs.
of alfalfa hay alone; this group, it
wil be remembered, was exceedingly
difficult to keep on-feed.

Hybrid and Open Pollinated Corn

On visiting the Missouri Experi¬
ment Station last Summer I was
interested to discuss with Prof.
Trowbridge and co-workers their
results obtained during the past year
in comparing open pollinated and
hybrid corn when used as the basal
fattening rations for yearling
“medium” to “low good” grade
Shorthorn steers. The open pollin¬
ated corn fed was Midland variety
and the hybrid was Missouri No. 8.
Both were grown on the same farm
under similar conditions. The open
pollinated corn contained an average
of 2 per cent less moisture and
43/100 per cent more protein than
the hybrid corn.

Confirming the work conducted
with open pollinated and hybrid va¬
rieties of corn the Missouri results
show no significant differences ob¬
tained in either efficiency or economy
of gains produced with steers. These
cattle were fed from January 2, until
April 6, 1940. The hybrid corn fed
group made slightly greater daily
gains, with corresponding decrease
in feed cost per hundred pounds
gain. This resulted in the hybrid
corn group having a necessary selling
price at home to pay steer purchase
price and feed cost of 5 cents less
per hundred than the open pollinated
group. The hybrid corn fed steers
averaged 703.9 lbs. initial weight,
and a final weight of 937.87 lbs.
Their average feed requirement to
produce 100 pounds gain was: hy¬
brid corn 456.89 lbs., cottonseed cake
45.69 lbs., alfalfa hay 172. 50 lbs.,
corn silage 655.63 lbs. Their feed
cost per 100 pounds gain was $7.54
and their necessary selling price at
the farm was $8.07 per hundred
pounds live weight.

Corn and Barley

Eastern steer feeders sometimes
find barley more suitable to raise
than corn. They will be interested
in results from the recent trials con¬
ducted at the Missouri Experiment
Station, in which comparisons were

These yearling Aherdeen-Angus steers are being fattened by Mr. F. H.
Walten, Crestwell Forest Farm, Forest, Bedford County, Virginia. They
weigh about 900 pounds per head, and are getting a full feed of grain mix¬
ture consisting of equal parts corn-oats-barley , in addition 10 per cent of
the mixture is soybean oilmeal. They are also consuming about 2% pounds

of alfalfa hay per head daily.

These registered Scotch Shorthorns are owned by Arthur R. Mullen,
Camden, Indiana. His herd consisting of about 50 head was founded in
1922 with a few head of good individuals. Good individuality and breed¬
ing ability is more important in founding any herd of livestock than is
that of breed, provided well established breeds are used.

These Hereford steers with hogs following made desirable uniform gains
on an average daily ration of shelled corn 10.19 lbs., cottonseed meal 1.28
lbs., clover hay 6.85 lbs., and, salt .041 lbs., for a period of 210 days in a
recent test at the Indiana Experiment Station, Lafayette, Indiana.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

479

made between groups of yearling
steers to determine the relative
values of corn and barley. It seems
exceedingly important for those in¬
experienced in cattle feeding to note
that barley fed steers are able to
attain a full feed of grain consider¬
ably quicker and were easier to
keep on-feed in this test than either
the corn alone group or the corn and
barley fed steers. No significant
differences in finish or selling price
were obtained. The barley fed
steers made the highest average
daily gain per head of 2.65 pounds.
The barley used was Early Missouri
Beardless, and was fed ground, at
the average daily rate of 13.68 lbs.
per steer.. Cottonseed cake was fed
at the rate of 1.37 lbs. daily. The
average daily roughage ration was
alfalfa hay 4.06 lbs., and corn silage
16.58 lbs.

The group which received equal
parts shelled corn and ground barley
for their grain ration had approxi¬
mately the same feed requirement
per 100 pounds gain as the barley
alone fed steers, and they sold for
10 cents less per cwt. The hybrid
corn fed group finished smoother,
with a greater degree of fleshing and
at about a 10 per cent saving in
comparable feed requirement per
cwt. gain. They also sold for 10 cents
more per hundred than the barley
fed steers.

This corresponds with most other
experiment station investigations
which show that for fattening rations
barley is about 90 per cent as effi¬
cient as corn. However, where
barley can be more suitably grown
it then might be, and probably would
be, more profitable to feed than corn.
These barley fed yearlings had an
average initial weight of 701 pounds
per head. They wede fed from Janu¬
ary 2 to April 23, 1940 and attained
an average final weight of 997.96
pounds. Although they made larger
daily average gains than the corn
fed cattle their feed requirement was
slightly higher, due to the fact that
barley contains about 10 per cent
less total digestible nutrients per
ton than does corn.

For those interested in computing
the total amount of feeds necessary
to finish a comparable group of steers
it should be observed that the aver¬
age total feed consumed per head for
the barley fed steers was ground
barley 1,532 lbs., cottonseed cake 153
lbs., alfalfa hay 455 lbs., and corn
silage 1,857 lbs.

Another factor in comparing total
returns from corn and barley fed
cattle is that gains on hogs following
are considerably greater for the hogs
which follow corn fed steers.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

Aug. 18-23. — New York State Fruit
Growers’ Tour.

Aug. 19-23. — Morris County Fair,
Troy Hills, N. J.

Aug. 24-Sept. 1. — New York State
Fair, Syracuse, N. Y.

Sept. 10-24. — New York County
Fair, Madison Square Garden, New
York City.

Sept. 14-20.' — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

Oct. 11-18. — National Dairy Show,
Memphis, Tenn.

SHORTHORNS

9 EXCLUSIVE FEATURES GIVE YOU

Greater Capacity • Longer Life I

Greater Strength

I INCREASE YOUR INCOME

J With World’s Champion Breed. Milking Shorthorns
hold official world’s records over all breeds for milk
and butterfat production. Produce 4% milk economical¬
ly, have greater salvage value. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, sis months 50c; 12 months
$1.00. Subscribe or write for free facts. MILKING
SHORfHORN SOCIETY, Dept. F-2, CHICAGO, ILL.

CONCRETE

METAL

WOOD • TILE

Send for

FREE FOLDER

GRANGE SILO CO., Dept. E*8. Red Creek, N.Y,

AYRSHIRES

Most Profitable Cows

Big Milters • - Hardy Rustlers
Good Grazers - Perfect Udders

Write for BooWUt*

Ayrshire Breeders' Association
96 Center St., Brendon/VL

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

CREMONA- ANDELOT ANGUS SALE

Championship Blood at Auction

Frederick, Maryland Sept. 27

Send for the Catalogue

CREMONA FARM, ANDELOT STOCK FARMS

MECHANICSVILLE, MO. WORTON, MD

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Angus beef cattle. Free on reauest. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -Angus Breeders' Association, Col¬
lege Park, Md.. or Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Breeder*"
Association, Ithaca, New York.

Andelot Aberdeen Angus

Bred and open heifers of the best type and blood
lines. And a few outstanding young bulls now avail¬
able. Accredited for T. B. and Bang’s. We will sell
30 females in the Cremona-Andelot Sale September 27.

ANDELOT STOCK FARMS, WORTON. MARYLAND

Outstanding Reg. Alberdeen-Angus

Cows, heifers, bulls, calves for sale. Best pedigrees
in the East.. TOTEM FARM, Meridale, N. Y.

HORSES and PONIES

BELGIAN HORSES

Pure breds and a few grades. Pure bred stallion
on service trailer service. These horses born and
raised right on this farm. Broke and acclimated.

SAMUEL PULASKI, WEST TAGHKANIC, N. Y.
Second Farm East of Grange Hall, on Route 82, Near
Lake Taghkanie State Park. 10 miles S. E. of Hudson.

• MORGAN PONIES#

DU niMIVne Six months old Palomino colts
r ALL/ III 11" V/O $150. Yearling Palomino colts
$200. Bred Palomino mares $300. 3 year old Palomino
stallions $350. 78 head of registered Palominos on our
farms at this time.

FISHER FURNITURE FARMS, Souderton, Penna.

FOR SALE SADDLE HORSE

Seven years old. been used in hunt fields. Excellent
jumper. Price $550.00.

KENRIDGE FARMS, CORNWALL, NEW YORK

FOR SALE

GUERNSEYS

For Sale

From Accredited-Negative Herd. 2% year old bull —
popular bloodlines. Sired by Green Meadow Renown
A. R. out of a good type A. R. daughter of
LANGWATER SHAH. Reason for selling, not large
enough herd to give him real opportunity. For
extended pedigree and reasonable price, write —
W. A. HUTCHESON, Merehiston Farm, Gladstone, N. J.

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls— one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS. DELHI. NEW YORK

JERSEYS

• PUREBRED JERSEYS •

Cow 8 years, fresh Aug. 1. 7-8,000 lbs. milk; 400
lbs. fat. Heifer 3 year (first calf in March) 1,000
lbs. milk per month; test 5.5%. Tested: T. B.,
Bangs and Mastitis.

DENBIGH FARMS, R.F.D. Port Chester, N. Y.

HEREFORDS

H erefords

Five pure bred Hereford bulls, one to two years
old, also pure bred young heifers and cows.

WM. J." HAMILTON, R. D. 2, JAMESVILLE, N. Y.

prosper with Elm Place registered Herefords. See my
• bull offering. L. O. COWDEN, FREDONIA, N. Y.

DOGS

ST RRRNARIK breeds, details free!! Book:

>J1. ULniinhUJ 104 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds. 25e, Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

^ III CT C Sable; excellent breeding; all

kFWUUIUQ ages, St 5.00 up. COL’LOVER
KENNELS, 1 SOS East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS

Details free. Write. DR. DU ELL, Jefferson, New York

Husky Airedale Pups $™?o™femaies sToo?

CHARLOTTE SNELL, MEDINA, NEW YORK

Pad. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

Tract ricna Pune ReS- $35- UP- Time Payments.

wear uane rups farm holm. New paitz, n. y.

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

COLLIE PUPPIES hhV!\\T

mi I IRQ Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

LULLILO TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

Reg. Collies— Beagles ft-p MT n’B“yS

Shepherd Pups £rra5SY£i!SS

DTTDDICC Irish Terriers; also Beagles registered.

rurrina GATES, Richard St„ Elmira, New York

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge, Pheasant,
Quail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

English Shepherd Puppies R 2,AuvConi£DNewSYork

COON-FOX - HOUNDS gjffi Ne^k

SWINE

]

MINKS

Pair of Suffolk mares, five
and six years old Well

matched and broken. Splendid Individuals entitled to
registration. S. W. HUFF. CARMEL, NEW YORK

TV/T "f Tr Offer a limited number of

-LWA. -A- A A, -A- — ■ - K.ENAI males. Price reason¬
able. Mt. View Mink Ranch, Central Nyack, N. Y.

TAMW0RTH SWINE

Beet Bacon Breed

Excellent shoats, both sexes, for immediate del¬
ivery. Orders taken for bred gilts and boars of
service age. All stock registered and vaccinated.

REYNOLDS POMEROY, STILL VALLEY FARMS
Little Kunkletown, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

Thrifty, rugged stock of exceptional quality.
Berkshire and Chester crossed ori7a k M
Yorkshire and Chester crossed I 7‘8 weeks oUS »5-00
Chester Whites $5.50 each. All orders carefully filled.
Will ship 2 or more C. O. D.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire arid Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding! Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished.

AYRLAWN FARMS. BETHESDA, MARYLAND

• REGISTERED TAMWORTH HOGS •

the world’s best bacon breed. All ages for sale from
early maturing, prolific sows. $10.00 each. F.O.B.
this farm. Telephone Wheatley Hills 271.
WHITNEY FARM, Old Westbury, Long Island, N. Y.

FOR SALE — A few nice young pigs, 6-8
weeks old @ $5.00 each. Ship C. O. D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

• RUGGED PIGS!*

Chester Whites, Chester, Berkshire, Yorkshire-Chester,
Duroc crosses. Six to eight weeks $4.50. Eight to
ten weeks $5.00. All good feeders. Ship C. O. D.

CARL ANDERSON, Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D ; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St.. WOBURN, MASS.

INFLATION HEDGE SSfS'SJEHS?

We offer a few head from clean herd. Priced right.

CAMPBELL FARMS, LAGRANGEVILLE. N. Y.

REG. CHESTER WHITES Quality ^ breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton. C herier Co.V Pennal

RoaicforoJ Rorlrchirpc Fine growthy youngsters
ncglSieicQ BerKSmreS $15.00 each for either sex.

LELANO E. JACKETT, FREDONIA, NEW YORK

DCr niJRnpCFall Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
IvEli. UUItUviO Pattington, Scipio Center. New York

N.mn.liirw Prize winning stock. Gilts and Boars.

nampsnires james r. speece, dauphin, pa.

GOATS

fifliltC F ni* Vtfllp* Good grade Swiss;
GUala rur JdlC . Saanen. Low prices.

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Road. Washington, N. J.

NUBIAN DAIRY GOATS out of prize stock. Herbert
Gericke, 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond, S. I. N. Y.

Mil If r rt A T Q Toggenberg and Saanens. sold on ap-

1H 1 L IV UU/llD proval. Pony Farm, Himrod, N. T.

| SHEEP " |

Tvvr IfARAIfITI PQ once and you will grow no
* IVAIYrtlVUljljO others. The best sheep grown
by far. Come and see them. Bams, Lambs and Ewes.

LE ROY KUNEY, - ADRIAN, - MICHIGAN

DANBURY FAIR CHAMPION CHEVIOT RAM

Yearling. Reasonable.

ALEXANDER WILEY, NEW CANAAN, CONN.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

W A lUTR ft A registered Hampshire ram Lamb or
IV rill 1 Et IP ram for breeding. Write full particu¬
lars. VERNON H. TIGER. Gladstone. N. J.

FOR SALE— A small flock of registered Shropshire
sheep. Also a Guernsey bull from high producing dam.

JAMES S. MORSE. LEVANNA, NEW YORK

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

PftRRIFnAI F Rams. All ages; farmers’ prices.

LUKftlLUfltC j. h. Whitmore, Mt. Morris, N. Y.

ROCKHILLS FAR

FIRST PRIZE DORSET FLOCK

Reserve Champion Ram

First Prize Flock: 1940 Chicago International

FOR SALE: Some fine rams of this Proven Bloodline.

PEDIGREED HAMPSHIRE HOGS

Famous Clansman Strain out of E. A.

Cuddahy’s Sugar Grove Herd of 1939
For Sale: Some choice young pigs
& bred sows.

Dundee cfc Tarrytown, NT ew Y orlt

ANNOUNCING

Acquisition of

ENTIRE FLOCK OF

4o «ORs<>

Famous Dorset Sheep

Winners From Coast to Coast

BREEDING RANGE

KEUKA VISTA FARM,

Bath Road-Route 1. (Tel. 3163) Dundee. N. Y.
ridtlrcii Correspondence: Hoorn 2 OOS . SO Broadway, IV. Y. , M Y.

. Inc.

FIRST PRIZE BELGIAN HERD

INSOLENT DuSOLEIL

21861 (38/2784)

IMPORTED GRAND CHAMPION SIRE

- O -

PAYSAN De La Tour

25118 (42/1164)

IMPORTED JUNIOR CHAMPION

New York & New Jersey State Fairs 1940

LOU HARVEY,

In Charge

480

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Immediate Openings

for young men in the interesting
profession of caring for shade trees

Canning Time

This is the season of the year
When kitchens smell so nice.
Kettles bubble on the fire,
Scent of vinegar and spice.

Jelly bag dripping crimson drops
Into the pan below.

Sparkling jars washed clean and
bright

Waiting in a row.

World’s largest tree servicing organization now
has openings for permanent positions with good
opportunity for advancement. Only sturdy, clean-
cut Americans need apply. Must be in good health,
single, between eighteen and twenty-six years of
age, free to travel and with good practical educa¬
tion. Write for qualification blank to serve in
place of personal interview. Davey Tree Expert
Company, 178 City Bank Building, Kent, Ohio.

If Ruptured
Try This Out

Modern Protection Provides Great
Comfort and Holding Security

Without Tortuous Truss Wearing

An “eye-opening” revelation in sensible and
comfortable reducible rupture protection may
be yours for the asking, without cost or obliga¬
tion. Simply send name and address, and full
details of the new and different Rice Method
will be sent you Free, Without hard flesh-goug¬
ing pads or tormenting pressure, here’s a
Support that has brought joy and comfort to
thousands — by releasing them from Trusses
with springs and straps, that bind and cut. De¬
signed to securely hold a rupture up and in
where it belongs and yet give freedom of body
and genuine comfort. For complete information
— write today!

WILLIAM S. RICE, Inc.
Dept. 64-A, Adams, N. Y.

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

'T'HE book relates many of his unusual exper-
iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It Is an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of the family.

Price $2.75 Postpaid
New York City residents add 2% for Sales Tax

For Sale

THE’RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

HOME STUDY COURSE

in Fundamental Economics
To promote a more complete under¬
standing of fundamental economics, each
purchaser of “Progress and Poverty”
will be entitled to a home study
course on this subject. Ten easy lessons,
each covering a reading assignment in
the book. Your answers are corrected
and commented upon by trained men.
There is no extra charge for this course.
Friends of the Henry George School of
Social Science make is possible because
they believe that the wide dissemination
of a knowledge of economics will make
for a happier people.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

In the cellar dark and cool,

We will store away

Pickles, jams, preserves and jell

For a Winter day.

Marcia Stebbins

The Crochet Contest

Now that all the coupons are in
and the entries closed, I am looking
forward to the contest (Monday, the
25th — 2 P. M. sharp) as a real ad¬
venture in neighborliness and friend¬
ly competition. Although, of course,
everyone would know how to use
the prize money, it really won’t make
much difference who wins for the
losers will have just as good a time
as the winners, and it will all be in
The Rural New-Yorker family. I’ll
be looking for you on next Monday
and want to greet as many per¬
sonally as possible. c. b. w.

New Hampshire’s Eighth Annual
Craftsman’s Fair was held the
week of August 11-16 in the Dart¬
mouth College hockey rink at Han¬
over, N. H. The League of New
Hampshire Arts and Crafts, which
sponsors this annual exhibit of work
done by native craftsmakers, is a
home-industry organization which
may well serve as a model for other
states. A score of craft shops through¬
out the state serve as an outlet for
the varied work of craftsmen of
every sort, trained and supervised
by the League. c. b. w.

For Red Cross Workers

The little article “Sewing Hints”
on the next page was sent in by
one of our regular contributors with
this comment:

“It was prompted by my seeing
so many of the women who are very
ready to help at our Red Cross rooms,
yet go about it very awkwardly,
their work often having to be gone
over by some one else. The 4-H
Clubs and other societies take care
of the younger generation, and some
of the youngsters are very clever and
good workers, but so many older
women seem to have missed out on
home sewing and depend almost en¬
tirely on ready mades.”

Photo — P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.

Sponsers

Two Yates County girls • — Alice
Anthony, 14, and Frances Anthony,
12, daughters of William B. Anthony,
well-known Yates County farmer,
will be joint sponsors of the new
destroyer, U.S.S. Anthony, when it
is completed at Bath, Maine.

The new destroyer is being named
in honor of their grandfather,
Sergeant Major William Anthony,
who was one of the heroes of the
sinking of the battleship Maine in
Havana Harbcr on February 15,
1898, and the girls received a special
letter from Secretary of the Navy,
Frank Knox, extending the in¬
vitation.

Childrens’ Rights

Every child has a right to certain
things in the home. He should have
his own room, scaled to his diminu¬
tive (or half-grown) size, his own
shelves upon which his own books
and magazines and work and play
materials may be kept, his own
towel bar upon which to hang his
own individual towel and washcloth.

Mothers actually save themselves
a great deal of work by providing
these very things. But far more im¬
portant than that, they take definite
steps toward teaching their offspring
independence, responsibility, order¬
liness.

Every child likes to feel that he
has a room of his own in which
he is monarch; a place where there
are no ‘Tie careful” cries at his every
move. He likes to sit in a chair that
fits his small body, to eat at a small
table, and to know that when he
stores his books on the shelves that
have been assigned to him, they are
sure to be untouched.

Cleanliness isn’t such a problem
if youngsters have attractive towels
and washcloths, perhaps marked with
their names or initials, for they like
to use these personal “scrubbing
materials” and you’ll be surprised at
the orderly way they will hang them
on their own bars. Besides they will
learn early in life the importance of
using only their own towels and
other linen. Thus infections may be
checked before even started in homes
where there are several members in
the family. l. p. b.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“I would like to hear from anyone
who is interested in embroidery and
crocheting or any kind of hand
work.” MRS. K. II. B.

New York

“I would be interested in hearing
from some one raising exceptionally
nice dahlias. Also those who grow
lavender, do embroidering and
leather tooling.” mrs. a. b‘.

Montana

“I am a young married woman —
23 years old and would like to hear
from other young women, married
or not, who are interested in music,
flowers and cooking.”

New York mrs. l. m. a.

“I am interested in crocheting,
gardening, quilts, reading and writ¬
ing letters. Am especially desirous
to hear from anyone who has a
method for stiffening crocheted
baskets.” miss.’ f. e. w.

Pennsylvania.

“I am interested in quilts, raising
guineas and would like to hear of
anyone’s hobbies.” mrs. c. d. h.
Delaware

“I would like to correspond with
middleaged ladies who are interested
in goats, hens, cats and gardens. I
would also like to exchange recipes.”

New York mrs. w. g. k.

Decorator’s Tip

It’s a clever idea, when making
chintz draperies, to cover the pole
with the chintz, too. It helps to
tie the windows together, and if
your pole is an old one, it will look
like a brand new one, bought for
the occasion,. You can either tear
the chintz into narrow widths, and
beginning at oue end, wind it round
and round the pole, taking care to
turn under the raw edges; or you
can lay the pole flat on the floor, and
roll it in a single long piece of the
. chintz, tacking it neatly all along one
side. R. b. r.

August 23, 1941

Tested Pickles and Relishes

Quick Cucumber Pickles. — Place
clean, fresh cucumbers in a crock
and cover with a brine made of
about y2 cup salt to 1 quart of cold
water. Weight the cucumbers to
keep them immersed in the brine
and let stand overnight.

Simmer about 5 minutes the mix¬
ture of % cup sugar, 2 tablespoons
whole spices (tied in a cloth) to each
quart of vinegar. If the vinegar is
too strong, dilute it. Let this stand
overnight.

In the morning pour off the brine,
rinse the cucumbers, cover with the
pickling solution and let stand 24
hours. Then pack cucumbers into
jars and cover with a fresh pickling
solution made in the same way.
Seal hot.

Vary the amount of spices and
sugar to suit the family’s taste. A
pint of brine or vinegar is needed
for each pound of cucumbers. A
four-gallon crock will hold about 12
pounds or 1 feck of small cucumbers.

Mixed Pickles. — One-half peck
green tomatoes, sliced, 18 small
cucumbers (1 y2 to 2 inches long) or
6 medium-sized ones cut into pieces
of uniform size. Six green sweet
peppers, sliced, 1 cauliflower, divided,
12 small onions, 6 red sweet peppers,
sliced, 1 quart young string beans
cut into inch lengths.

Mix the ingredients and let stand
overnight covered with a brine made
in proportion of y2 cup salt to 1
quart of water. Drain. Arrange in
jars in an attractive manner. If sweet
pickles are desired, fill with a liquid
made by dissolving from 4 to 6
pounds of sugar to a gallon of vine¬
gar. If sour ones are desired, leave
out all the sugar; if slightly sweet,
put in the proportion of sugar to
suit the taste.

Pepper Rings. — Slice red and
green sweet peppers into rings about
inch thick. Simmer gently until
tender. Pack loosely into jars so
they will retain their shape, and
cover with a liquid made in the
proportion of 1 quart vinegar, 1
pound granulated sugar, 1 teaspoon
salt and a pinch of cayenne.

These may be served with meat
or as a garnish on salads in Winter
when other garnishes are not avail¬
able.

Green Tomato Relish. — Two
pounds chopped green tomatoes, y2
cup sugar, 2 teaspoons pepper, 1
teaspoon whole cloves, 1 chopped
onion, about 1 teaspoon salt, 2
tablespoons mustard seed, y2 cup
hot vinegar.

Mix the vegetables, let stand one
hour. Squeeze out the liquid, and
add the seasoned hot vinegar and
seal. This makes about one pint.
This mixture may be cooked about
15 minutes and sealed hot, making
a softer mixture than the uncooked.

Apple Chutney (English Chutney).
— One quart chopped green tomatoes,
ry2 quarts vinegar, iy2 dozen sour
apples, 3 medium-sized Spanish
onions, 2 red hot pepper (seeds re¬
moved), 1 pound seedless raisins, y 4
pound salt, iy2 pounds brown sugar,
y2 pound green ginger or 1 ounce
ground ginger, 1 bunch celery, 1/4 cup
mustard seed.

Chop tomatoes, sprinkle with two
tablespoons salt and let stand over¬
night. Drain. Dissolve rest of salt
and sugar in vinegar. Chop apples,
ginger and onion. Mix all ingredients
and cook gently until product is
tender, (about a half hour). Seal hot.

If desired, the green tomato may
be omitted and another dozen apples
substituted in its place.

Catsup Recipe. — Cook 1 bushel
of tomatoes, 2 bunches celery and 8
large onions till soft. Strain and add
2% cups vinegar, 8 cups sugar, 4 even
tablespoons of salt. Put y2 package
of whole mixed spices and 1 clove
of garlick in muslin bag and boil
all together till thick. Makes a light
and mild catsup; even children can
eat it and they surely like it.

Tomato Puree. — 1 gallon tomatoes,
1 onion, medium, sliced, 1 stalk of
celery, 1 bay leaf, 2 teaspoons salt,
V4 teaspoon paprika.

Boil all till tender. Strain and
boil to half original volume. Can be
used for soup and is very good for
juice with a little lemon juice added.
Tomato culls will do for this.

MRS. J. G. H.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

481

When Sickness Strikes

Graduate, registered nurses who
can come to your home and give
long . hours of bedside care are be¬
coming “as scarce as hen‘s teeth.”
The government needs all the nurses
it can get — and more than have
volunteered yet — so those who are
not eligible for national service are
being taken to replace those who are.

How does this affect you? Not at
all, perhaps, unless, or until, sick¬
ness strikes! It should serve as a
warning, however, to every family
in the country, a warning to keep
well. Ward off illness by living
safely away from the border line
zone of ill health.

But what if sickness strikes, de¬
spite all efforts to stave it off? Well,
be prepared for that emergency too.
Learn now how to give good care to
those who are ill. In the larger
cities there are thousands who are
doing just that by taking courses in
nursing and first aid — courses given
by the American Red Cross for in¬
stance.

If you cannot avail yourself of
these advantages, then buy the 1941
edition of Simplified Nursing, that
excellent book written by two
nurses: Florence Dakin, R. N. and
Ella M. Thompson, R. N., B. S., pub¬
lished by J. B. Lippincott Company,
of Philadelphia, and selling for $2.50.

If you faithfully read and study
this, try out the practices recom¬
mended, and learn why each is done
you’ll be far more ready to deal with
sickness than you possibly can be
now — even if you happen to be a
nurse.

Simplified Nursing was written for
inexperienced people. It not only
tells how to give daily care to
patients with various types of
afflictions, but it also tells you how
to keep the household happy at the
same time.

In its pages I have found so many
subjects dealt with concerning which
The Rural New-Yorker readers
have written to me for help. How
to prevent and how to care for bed¬
sores; how to make a bed with a
patient in it; how to feed old folks
and keep them happy; how to care
for the expectant mother and new
born baby. This book should really
be in every home.

There is a time-tested proverb
that is packed full of good common
sense. It is: “An ounce of prevention
is worth a pound of cure.” While it
is very important that you should
know how to deal with sickness,
should it strike, still it is ever so
much better to prevent illness if
you can. Beulah France, R. N.

Notes From the Catskills

Now that so much cauliflower is
grown in this section naturally some
interesting ways for preparing it
nave been brought together. These
were published in book form and
have been free for the asking. It
is our private opinion that it is hard
to improve on the delicate flavor
of this vegetable and prefer it well
seasoned with salt, pepper, some
butter, a little cream or rich milk or
a medium cream sauce. For a
change put it into a baking dish,
sprinkle with crumbs mixed with
butter or grated cheese and bake a
delicate brown. Some like to add
a can of peas or some cut up chicken
meat to the cooked cauliflower be¬
fore adding seasoning and sauce.

While many have canned cauli¬
flower, some of them have not been
altogether successful. The chief thing
to remember it not to over-cook it,
as long cooking discolors and dark¬
ens it. One woman who has canned
it most successfully cooks it in a
kettle for five minutes to reduce the
bulk then puts it into hot sterilized
jars and cooks exactly 20 minutes
in hot water bath, that is, after water
begins to boil.

Most people are planning on
doing extra canning this season so
here is a recipe to use some of those
nice ripe tomatoes and if your
tomatoes are not so nice you can
use some of the poorer quality. It
is called “tomato flip” — makes a nice
spread and goes well with meat.
The children like it on their sand¬
wiches.

Scald and peel seven pounds
tomatoes, cut into small peices, cover
with vinegar. Let stand two hours
arid drain off vinegar (discard
vinegar or use for chili sauce or
other relish.) Add four pounds of
sugar to tomatoes and cook slowly
until quite thick like jam or pre¬
serves. Edna M. Norxhrup

Delightful Handicraft

2834 — Relax from crowded days and dress
up your home this Fall with simple, effec¬
tive doilies. They lend a luxurious look as
luncheon or buffet sets, crocheted in string
or finer cotton. Pattern 2834 contains direc¬
tions for making doilies; illustrations of
them and stitches; materials required.

2916 — Give your youngster a treat^and make
up this gay Teddy Bear quilt. Just one
patch cut from the left-overs in your scrap
bag makes the colorful pet. Pattern 2916
contains accurate pattern pieces; diagram
of block; sewing instructions; yardages;
diagram of quilt.

Price of patterns 10 cents (in coins) each.
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.

Sewing: Hints

The “end of Summer” sales, with
their tempting bargains, are claim¬
ing our attention, and strong minded
indeed is the woman who can re¬
sist the odd lengths of pretty cotton
material of all kinds. One can make
such pretty aprons, blouses, play
suits and so on for just a few pennies
and a little ingenuity. Unless the
material chosen is guaranteed pre¬
shrunk, it is well to soak it for half
an hour or so in luke warm water,
wring lightly, hang in the shade if
possible, then press carefully while
still damp. Choose thread according
to the material you are using, 80 or
finer for thin dainty lawns etc., 50
or 60 for broadcloth, poplins and
so on.

Use a fairly loose tension on your
sewing machine — with washing, the
thread will shrink, so that seams and
hems will pucker, and easily break
if sewn too tightly. Never try to
make a felled seam or hem with
the selvedge left on — cut off two or
three threads from the edge; your
work will have a flatter, smoother
finish, and you will avoid the hard
little ridge which the selvedge al¬
ways makes. In sewing by hand,
use an easily handled needleful of
thread; if too long, the thread will
twist and snarl and knot more
easily, and you will actually wear
and weaken the thread by drawing it
through the material so many times.
When sewing on a button, the tip of
the finger held between the button
and the material will prevent the
thread from being drawn too tight,
and you will be able to take two
or three twists around with your
needle, thus forming a shank, which
will prevent the buttonhole from
being stretched out of shape.

Pin patterns on very carefully;
when cutting out, the paper slips so
easily, and even a slight deviation
from the line may spoil the perfect
set of the garment, and give it that
home-made look which we all wish
to avoid. l. s. b.

You can have this beautiful

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This coupon is good for 4 Thrift Stars, when accompanied by at least 4 stars from Pills¬
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Interest compounded semi-an¬
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FREE booklet on safe, profitable
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(N. Y. City Sales,

The Farmer His
Own Builder

By H. Armstrong Robert^

A practical and
handy book of all
kinds of building
information from
concrete to carpen¬
try. Price $1.50.

For sale by
THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER
33 3 W. 30th St., N. Y.
add 2% Sales Tax)*

482

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Enrich with MINERALS

Use "lime Crest**

CALCITE CRYSTALS

Important for making firm, sound egg
shells , . .for maintaining healthy birds
. . . for strong, sturdy baby chicks.

Many brands of feed are m;t«rally enriched
with 4 4 Lime Crest' ' Calcite, your dependable
aid for flock mineral protection.

In addition, keep “Lime Crest" Calcite Grit before
your poultry at all times to satisfy additional mineral
hunger. Write for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORP. OF AMERICA
Box O • Newton, N. J.

CALCITE CRYSTALS

"Cap-Brush"Applicator
makes "BLACK LEAF 40'
S. GO MUCH FARTHER J

Blacky
Leaf 40

JUST

OASH

FEATHERS..

OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

BROILER CHICKS

ONTROLLED BREEDING

If you want quick broiler prof¬
its, investigate Hubbard's
■Cross Bred New Hampshire
Rocks. Controlled breeding
makes these big-bodied chicks
(live, feather early, grow rapidly
and develop into heavy-meated
solid broilers. Low summer
prices. Fast growing New
Hampshires available for
broilers and egg production,
sexed chicks. ,

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE. N.H.

HUBBARD'S CROSS BRED

NEW HAMPSHIRE ROCKS

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Pullorum Free by State Test since 1927.
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Quality chicks since 1911. Catalogue Free.

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Over 59 million chicks in past 10 years. We ship
prepaid, and guarantee 100% live delivery.

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REDUCED/^PRICES
\WENE CHICKS

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Write for FREE CATA¬
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SUMMER PRICES.

2815-H,

WENE CHICK FARMS VINELAND, n! 31

The Henyard

===== By T. B. Charles =====

Chronic Coccidiosis in
Pullets

Suitable plans for a clean, sanitary
range will be very helpful in pre¬
venting chronic coccidiosis from get¬
ting a start. It gets a start readily
in mild weather — but if the birds
can be reared free, or relatively free
from infection they will not be apt
to pick it up once cold weather ap¬
proaches. In another article dealing
with acute coccidiosis, it was em¬
phasized that it is primarily a dis¬
ease of young chickens from three to
12 weeks. We have found chronic
coccidiosis in young chicks, but it
is principally a disease of growing
and adult birds.

Symptoms of Chronic Coccidiosis

Birds are unthrifty in appearance
and become thin, emaciated and
droopy, with feathers ruffled. They
may also show evidence of severe
intestinal disturbances. Severe irri¬
tation to the intestinal lining occurs
and the bird may lose control of one
wing, or a leg. In some cases the
birds are unable to walk, the leg
seems to just give way and is unable
to support the bird.

Post mortem examination will re¬
veal a thickening of the intestinal
walls with many “pin point”
hemorrhages along the small intes¬
tine. Also, in many cases the whole
intestine will show a reddened and
inflamed condition that is associated
with the severe injury to the walls
of the intestine. Positive identifi¬
cation can be readily made by scrap¬
ing the inside lining of the hemor¬
rhaged intestine, and looking for the
coccidia under a microscope. This
type of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria
necatric, a protozoan organism,
causes many symptoms that might
lead one to confuse this type of
paralysis with neurolymphomatosis,
or the type that directly affects nerve
tissues. In either case the birds lose
the use of one or more legs or wings
as the case may be. Summer with
its heat and rain is favorable to the
development of chronic coccidiosis
in growing stock. This is true prob¬
ably whether the stock is raised in
confinement or on free range.

Cold Weather Unfavorable

Research work at the New Hamp¬
shire Agricultural Experiment Sta¬
tion has shown that in Winter it is
very difficult to infect laying birds
artifically with chronic coccidiosis.
In the Summer, on the contrary, it
is relatively easy to infect them. This
is very good proof that if we can
raise our pullets free of chronic
coccidiosis, and can keep them in
good condition, that they are not
liable to pick up any serious amount
of infection after cold weather
arrives.

Range Management

It seems very evident then that
our big job is to manage our ranges
so that there will be a minimum of
opportunities for coccidia to develop
and multiply. They can best develop
with (1) proper heat and humidity,
and (2) by being passed and re¬

passed through the pullets on range.
With a few round-trips through the
pullets, they increase from a very
few hundred to millions, and that
is where the damage occurs. If
birds pick up small doses they have
the ability to build up some resis¬
tance or immunity. Large doses of
coccidia are disastrous.

Clean Ranges

A clean range is usually consid¬
ered to be one on which no chickens
have been grown or poultry dropping
spread for two or three years. It will
pay to have a three to five year ro¬
tation so that at least two years
may elapse before chickens are
again grown on this same ground. If
it is impossible to secure this much
land, then if a good sod can be main¬
tained, it will be a great aid in pre¬
venting contamination of the area.
I am well aware of the fact that
many poultrymen use the same area
year after year, but in most cases
they are paying a good price for
such a practice. They may be lucky
for many years but eventually
losses will occur which will more
than offset any gain they have made
in using a restricted range program..

Things We Can Do

1. Eliminate all wet places on
range, especially around watering
devices.

2. Move feed hoppers daily, or
two or three times weekly, to a clean
spot. This will prevent the accumu¬
lation of droppings in one area, and
this eliminates another source of in¬
fection from chronic coccidiosis or
round worms.

3. Provide wire bottoms for
range shelters to keep birds away
from droppings.

4. Provide wire platforms under
waterers.

5. If pullets roost in the colony
house, they should be wired away
from the poultry droppings.

6. Locate range houses on high
spots with drainage away from them.

7. If grain is fed by hand and
scattered on the ground, care should
be taken to see that it is fed in differ¬
ent places daily. Do not feed it on
cantaminated ground.

8. Make the pullets clean up all
feed in the hoppers daily, or fre¬
quently. This will avoid feeding
moldy mash and will keep the
appetite of the birds keen, and the
birds active.

9. If the birds act droopy or list¬
less, cut down on feed and give the
birds a flush to clean them out.

10. If a flush is given it should
be fed late in the afternoon. Thus
most of the flushing action will take
place during the time the birds are
at roost and prevent contaminating
the whole range.

11. Provide plenty of clean water.

12. Do not overcrowd the range.
250 to 300 pullets per acre is a satis¬
factory number.

13. Range growing stock as far
away from laying or adult stock as
possible.

14. If possible, have someone take
care of the growing young stock who

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Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

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Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

Photo — P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.

The O. B. Anderson farm near Palmyra, N. Y. presents a beautiful Summer
scene. The farm is one of the finest in Western New York.

August 23, 1941

has no contact with the old birds
on your farm.

15. Remember that proper sani¬
tation is a cheap safeguard against
acute and chronic coccidiosis.

T. B. Charles

Hens Do Not Lay

I have 200 Rocks and White Leg¬
horns that are a year and two years
old. I feed them high-priced mash
and cracked corn for scratch grain
and plenty of water but they do not
lay- v. D. B.

Pennsylvania

Failure to secure satisfactory egg
production may be due to any one
of a large number of things. How-
fver, thos^ that are most likely to
upset production would be: (1) birds
out of condition, that is, thin and
run down physically; (2) disease in¬
fection, such as chronic coccidiosis,
leucosis or leukemia; (3) internal
parasites, such as round worms or
tape worms; (4) external parasites,
such as lice and mites; (5) low feed
consumption; (6) age of birds.

You state that some of your birds
are two years old, which would ac¬
count for at least a part of your
low production. I would recommend
that you handle all birds and sort
out the hens that are not laying and
sell them for meat. Next, that you
check up with the service man .repre¬
senting the feed that you are using
and see if he can help you in diag¬
nosing any disease trouble you may
have in your flock. He can also be
of help to you in planning any need¬
ed change in feeding. High egg pro¬
duction is dependent on getting a lot
of feed into the birds. Leghorns lay¬
ing at the rate of 50 per cent should
consume at least 23-24 lbs. of feed
per day per 100 hens; with Rocks
they should be eating from 27-33 lbs.
of feed daily per 100 birds.

You can increase your feed con¬
sumption by feeding more often, but
in smaller amounts at a time. Make
the birds clean up all feed daily. Also
by the use of moist mash at noon,
or pellet feeding, plus the regular
mash or scratch you are now feeding.

Electric Brooder Capacity

I would like to ask about chick
capacity and wattage per chick in
the operation of electric brooders.

1 am wondering whether the esti¬
mate, 1.5 and 2.0 watts per chick,
is based on the hover rating or on
the actual chick capacity based on
7 sq. inches of floor area. Many
brooders seem to be overrated by the
manufacturers, hence it is necessary
to stress the importance of area
necessary per chick. The capacity of
the house is also very important as
the brooder houses themselves are
often overcrowded.

It has been the experience of the
people in this State that for cold
weather brooding, 10 sq. inches is
allowed for the light breeds. Seven
sq. inches per chick for this season
is satisfactory unless the house is
crowded. One-half square foot of
floor space per chick should be
allowed in the house.

New York m. w. n.

The heating capacity of electric
brooders should be between iy2 and

2 watts per chick, this figured on

the actual capacity of the hover
based on 7 sq. inches of floor area.
This means that the average hover
will be found adequate for between
300 and 400 chicks. You are quite
right. Many manufacturers over¬
estimate the number of chicks which
may safely be handled under one
brooder stove. The incre^ed num¬
bers will be all right for a few days,
but after that time there are too
many in one colony or group to con¬
tinue doing well. w. c. t.

First Aid for the Henyard

There are many farms where the
farm flock has been using the same
piece of ground year after year.
Often these yards are full of all kinds
of debris and junk. Many yards
need a first class cleaning out.

After all the debris has been re¬
moved, the best thing to do is to
give the hens a new yard, and plant
a garden where the old one was.
Let the wife have it for her flowers
and favorite vegetables. If this isn’t
possible however, and you must use
the same ground year after year,
plow it up or spade it up; give it a
generous coating of hydrated lime;
and harrow or rake this lime into
the soil. If possible, plant a green
crop of some kind and keep the
hens off until it has grown to be two
or three inches high. h. s. p.

483

The Syracuse State Fair
Program

(Continued from Page 474)
in Goat Tent near Sheep & Swine
Building.

1 P. M. — Cattle Judging (Junior
Ayrshire) in the Coliseum.

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Harness
Horse Races, 2:15 Trot, for one-half
Mile Track Horses; Trotters with
records not faster 2:06 March 15; the
Geers — 3-Year-Old Pace; 2:08 Pace.
Circus, vaudeville and hippodrome
acts between heats.

2:30 P. M. — Grange Singing Con¬
test in the Grange Building.

8 P. M. — Rodeo in the Coliseum.

8 P. M. — Grandstand Show fea¬
turing aerial thrillers.

THURSDAY AUGUST 28
GOVERNOR’S DAY

8:30 A. M. — Cattle Judging
(Guernsey classes, including county
and D.H.I.A. herds; Jersey classes,
including county and D.H.I.A. herds;
Ayrshire classes, including county and
D.H.I.A. herds; Brown Swiss classes,
including county and D.H.I.A. herds.
Junior Brown Swiss classes; (Here¬
ford classes) in the Coliseum.

9 A. M. — Finals of National Horse-
Pulling Contest for teams weighing
3,000 lbs. or more in the infield of
the race-track.

* 9 A. M. — Judging of Horses (Bel¬
gians) in the Coliseum.

9 A. M. — Opening of the 14th
Annual Exhibition of the Empire
State Gladiolus Society, Flower Show
Judging (Amateur and Commercial
classes).

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Harness
Horse Races, 2:08 Trot; The Gover¬
nor’s — 3-Year-Old Trot; The Geers
— 2- Year-Old Pace; Pacers with
records not faster 2:06 March 15th.
Circus, vaudeville and hippodrome
acts between heats.

2 P. M. — Grange Singing Contest
in the Grange Building.

7:30 P. M. — F.F.A. in the Assem¬
bly Hall of the Boys and Girls Bldg.

8 P. M. — Jim Eskew’s Rodeo in
the Coliseum.

8 P. M. — Grandstand Show fea¬
turing aerial thrillers.

FRIDAY AUGUST 29
INDIAN VILLAGE DAY

9 A. M. — Judging of Horses
( Suff olk-Punch, Clydesdale or Shire,
N. Y. State Draft Horses, N. Y.
County Horse Group, Hackney and
Welsh Ponies, Mules) in the Coli¬
seum.

9 A. M. — Judging of Flowers
(Amateur and Commercial classes)
and the final day of the 14th annual

Set Aside the Best 25%

(Continued from Page 471)
After this year ' it will not be
necessary to breed from pullets, in
all probability.

Mate these best pullets with well-
matured cockerels, or with cock
birds which may have been held
over from this past season.

The Laying Quarters

Give these selected pullets every
break possible. House them at the
rate of four square feet of floor
space lor each pullet, and do not
stretch this rule one bit. Keep the
pullets closely confined to the
quarters throughout the Winter and
early Spring seasons, where con¬
ditions will be uniform and com¬
fortable. Keep the house clean, and
littered, four or five inches in depth,
with clean straw. Furnish a nest for
every five pullets. Gather the eggs
twice a day. Be sure clean, fresh
water is before the flock in every
lighted hour. Provide an open mash
hopper, six feet for every 50 fowls,
and never let the mash supply be¬
come exhausted. Use a recommended
laying mash, not too forcing a type
of mash, about 20% protein mash
being about right. Keep these
selected pullets in excellent physi¬
cal condition by feeding a supple¬
mentary moist mash at noon each
day, using one pound of yellow corn-
meal, one pound of ground heavy
oats, and one pound of condensed
buttermilk product, mixed to crumb¬
ly consistency, with water, if needed,
for every 100 pullets. If the milk is
not available, or costs too much, sub¬
stitute one pound of middlings, and
make the mash moist with water.
This is ‘a fleshing mash.’ Keep a low,
open hopper in each pen, in which
whole oats are available when
wanted, and another such v-shaped
hopper filled with supplementary

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

exhibition of the Empire State Gladi¬
olus Association in the Horticultural
Building.

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Harness
Horse Races, The Messenger (Aged)
Trot; 2-Year-Old Trot— eligible 2:20
Class, August 1st; Overnight Event
Pace. Circus, vaudeville and hippo¬
drome acts between heats.

2 P. M. — Grange Singing Contest
in the Grange Building.

2:30 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

7:30 P. M. — Fashion Show in the
Harriet May Mills Building.

8 P. M. — Lucky Teter and His
Hell-Drivers in front of the Grand¬
stand.

8 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

SATURDAY AUGUST 30
AMERICAN LEGION DAY

1:30 P. M. — Grand-Circuit Harness
Horse Races,' 2:24 Trot, for one-half
Mile Track Horses; 2:14 Pace, Over¬
night Event Trot. Circus, vaudeville
and hippodrome acts between heats.

2:30 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

5 P. M. — American Legion Drum
Corps Competition, massing of corps
in Empire Court, followed by parade
to race-track, where drum-majorette
contest will be staged,

7:30 P. M. — Fashion Show in the
Harriet May Mills Building.

8 P. M. — Lucky Teter and His
Hell-Drivers in front of the Grand¬
stand.

8 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

SUNDAY AUGUST 31

12 Noon — Time Trials A.A.A.
automobile races.

2 P. M. Start of First of Five Com¬
petitive Automobile Races.

2:30 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

8 P. M. — Lucky Teter and His
Hell-Drivers in front of the Grand¬
stand.

8 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

MONDAY SEPTEMBER 1

12 Noon — Time Trials 100-Mile
National Championship Automobile
R,clC0

2 P. M. — Start of the 100-Mile
National Championship Automobile
RacG

2:30 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in
the Coliseum.

8 P. M. — Lucky Teter and His
Hell-Drivers in front of the Grand¬
stand.

8 P. M. — “Circus on Ice” in the
Coliseum.

yellow corn. Let the pullets eat of
these grains as they will.

Keep a simple daily record in
each pen of (a) number of pullets
in the flock, (b) removals for death,
culling, or sale, (c) amount of feeds
used, (d) number of eggs gathered.

Dried Bread for Chicks

Does it pay to buy dried bread
at $3 per 100 lbs. and soak in milk
for baby chicks? We give them all
the milk they can drink and all the
mash they want; also give them
cracked corn. j. m.

Dried bread is not worth any more
per pound than flour wheat mid¬
dlings. As a matter of fact, because
of the labor involved, it would have
to be available at a much lower
price to justify its, use.

Over and above its actual food
value, the feeding of dried bread to
baby chicks will probably reduce
the mash eaten. Thus the vitamin
intake will be reduced and poor
growth and possibly rickets might
result. As you are feeding a mash
designed to grow chicks properly,
dilution of this mash by feeding
bread may not work out satis¬
factorily. T. B. c.

In Favor of Egg Co-op,

The communication of B. R.
McKune in your July 26 issue
makes me suggest to him the
following:

Why bother with and depend on
the legislature to curb the egg
commission merchants, and compel
them to pay for goods received when
a very effective way exists of receiv¬
ing money for your products, and at
the very highest market prices.
Establish a cooperative market as
the one in Flemington. The poultry-
men there are making a success of
their project. A. K.

News From New Jersey

Improving Egg Storage Conditions

John Hudnett of Three Bridges is
following the trend among poultry-
men to improve egg quality by in¬
stalling an egg holding room in the
basement of his dwelling. This room
is a recently excavated portion of
the cellar which has been walled up
separate from the balance of the
basement to increase humidity
and temperature so that they will
not be affected by the furnace and
open doors and windows.

This portion of the cellar is left
with a dirt floor which will improve
the storage from the standpoint of
humidity. A drip pipe along one
wall is also being provided to add
additional humidity. Kerr Chickeries,
Frenchtown, has been using an egg
storage room which is underground
and has provisions for providing
extra moisture through jets that
spray portions of the walls. The
management reports that the use
of this room has improved interior
quality to a marked degree.

Franklin Poultry Club Election

The Franklin Township 4-H Poul¬
try Club of Hunterdon County, held
its annual election of officers at
the meeting of the club held re¬
cently at the Township School,
Quakertown, and elected the follow¬
ing: President, Eleanor Hodulik,

Pittstown; Vice-president, Bertram
Moebus, Grandin; Secretary, Emma
Grill, Croton; Treasurer Charlotte
Verity, Cherryville. Following the
election of officers a discussion was
held on the brooding of chicks, with
different members giving reports of
their experiences in brooding. A
discussion was also held on questions
raised by the members about
poultry problems they had encount¬
ered. William Preckwinkle, Croton,
the retiring vice-president, presided
at the meeting.

Slacker Hens Unprofitable

Summer boarders are not profit¬
able on poultry farms. Prompt re¬
moval of all non-laying birds from
the laying flock is good poultry
management. Such individuals are
easily identified by their small
shrivelled combs and dry, yellow
vents. Such conditions indicate
that the bird has stopped producing.
Daily culling of the flock should be
practiced for the removal of such
birds. When production falls below
50 per cent, systematic culling of all
birds in the flock should be made
at least once a month.

Fly Control in Dairy

Flies can be controlled by destroy¬
ing their breeding places, killing
them, and by using repellants. If all
breeding places were destroyed the
problem of stable flies would be
solved. Electric screen-like traps
are being used with increased suc¬
cess. Most of the sprays on the
market are successful as repellants
but in warm weather those with oil
cause a rise in the cow’s body tem¬
perature due to clogging the skin
pores. If a spray which leaves a
residue is used, the cows should be
washed often to prevent gummy
accumulation.

Soybean Inoculation Test

A field test to prove the value of
inoculation of soybeans has recently
been planted on the Norman
McKnight farm at Clarksburg. While
inoculation is a practice commonly
used, this test will point out again
the advantages to be gained, says
R. O. Rice, assistant county agri¬
cultural agent.

The test has inoculated soybeans
on most of the field, but for the pur¬
pose of comparison, a strip of un¬
inoculated seed has been planted on
one side of the field. Observations
will be made at regular intervals
during the growing season and then
at the time of harvest, the yields
compared. John W. Wilkinson

Hanson Strain Leghorns

From 2 to 4 year old hen breeders. For fall del. Write
for Catalog and Prices. C. M. SH ELLEN BERGER’S
POULTRY FARM, Bex 34, RICHFIELD, PENNA.

Leghorn Pullels “'“1

range. From blood tested stock. Vaccinated. Some now
laying. A. H. PENNY, MATTITUCK, NEW YORK

rUirif Q New Hampshires. Barred Rocks, White
WniwAa Leghorns, $5.75-100. C.O.D. shipments.

HECLA POULTRY FARM, R-2, BELLEFONTE, PA.

Christies NEW HAMPSHIRE
%’llo'f SPIZZERINKTUM

CHICKS FOR FALL BROODS
)MUST HAVE SPIZZERINKTUM

EXTRA Vitality is needed to keep
up growth through Fall and Winter
^months. You get it in Chicks from
_ 40,000 State Pullorum Tested Breed¬
er's (No Reactors). Every week, we’re
hatching Straight N. Hamps., Straight
Barred Rocks and Chris-Cross Barred
Hybrids. Write for Catalog and prices. Order early.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

Chicks That Live

Our 33 years of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

19 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. J.

ROC

October Chicks $12-100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN’S
ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.
I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.

JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

WHITE

PLYMOUTH

Jb FOR PROF/F . a *4

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, & R. I. Reds.. 7.50 9.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Breeders Bloodtested. We pay postage, guar. 95%
on all Pullets. FREE Catalog. Cash or C. O. D.

R. W. Elsasser Poultry Farm, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

Hatches Mon. & Thur. 100 100 100

100% live del. Postpd. Pits. Ckls. Str.
Large Eng Wh. Leg. $12.00 $3.00 $6.00
Bar. & Wh. Rocks.. 8.50 7.00 7.00
B.I. Reds. Rd-Rk. Cr. 8.50 7.00 7.00
New Hampshire Reds 9.50 7.00 8.00

Heavy Mixed . 8.00 6.50 6.50

Pullets Guaranteed 95% Accurate.
$5.50. Cash or C. O. D. Write the Old
Plant for FREE CATALOG giving full

L. Mix

Reliable _ _ _ _ _ _

details of our Flocks. Breeders Bloodtested.

T. J. EHRENZELLER. Bex R. McAlisterville. Pa.

FALL AND WINTER

Broilers

Barred, White & Buff Rocks, New Hampshires,
Red-Rocks & Rock-Reds. Large Type White
Leghorns. Thoroughly tested for B.W.D. High
Livability guaranteed. Write for latest prices.

ULSH POULTRY FARM

BOX R, _ PORT TREVORTON, PA.

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live deL Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.). . .$5.50 $10.00 $3.00
Bar. & W. Rox, R. L & N. H. Reds 6.50 8.50 6.00

Heavy Mixed . 5.50 8.50 5.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R. MeAlisterville. Pa.

QFWurr-CASHOkCM
^(murmiDiK BLoomncB

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns, Special. . .$7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B. & W. Bocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R, MeALISTERVILLE, PA.

PULLETS- PULLETS

10,000 Hansen Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list.

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

Bnummm's chichs

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $7.50 per 100:
Heavy Mixed $6.50-100. All breeders Blood-Tested,
CIRCULAR FREE. 100% live arrival
J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R. Beaver Springs, Pa.

Chamberlin

S ^ M POULTRY FARMS

i Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-TJS) PulL
i Clean Breeders. Make

J BARRED ROCBS H’SHS

tin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

PHI I FTS _ UFNQ Hanson’s World Record and

I ULLLI J ilLIl J Tom Barron Breeding-354

Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege, 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now "AAAA”
mating 40c up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM, Box 304J, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish. Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas.
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

A, W. ULSH’S t-iUJElMh CHIX

Bar. & Wh. Rocks $7.-100; N.H. Reds $7.50-100; Hvy.
Mixed $5.95-100. Postpaid. 100% live del. Cash or
C. O. D. All Breeders Bloodtested. Free Circular.

A. W. Ulsh’s Hatchery, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

• MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Bocks and New
Hampshires, $8.00-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5. BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

TOXITE KILLS

otop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Cbestertowo, Md.

484

August 23, 1941

Drawn by Della Martin, Connecticut

MEMORY VERSE

EVENING HYMN
The day is done;

The lamps are lit;

Woods-ward the birds are flown.
Shadows draw close —

Peace be unto this house.

The cloth is fair;

The food is set.

God’s night draw near.

Quiet and love and peace

Be to this, our rest, our place.

By Elizabeth Madox Roberts
Taken from “Song in the Meadow”

Drawn by Mary Pease, New York

Dear Friends of “Our Page.” — I have
read “Our Page” a long, long time but
have never contributed a single thing. I
am 14 and will be a freshman in high
school this Fall. My favorite subject is
spelling. This year I was school champion
and received a beautiful Webster’s diction¬
ary as a reward.

A month ago I started to take guitar
lessons from the nicest . music teacher. I
want to be a yodeling cow-girl and sing
over the radio when I grow up. But most
of all I want to make friends about my
age, some one who loves to sing the way
I do. So won’t you all writet? — Irene
Gabrys, New York.

Hello, Boys and Girls. — Now that exams
are successfully over and everyone is home
on Summer vacation, my mail seems to
have stopped almost altogether. How about
some of you people making it pick up?

I will be a senior in high school this
Fall and also editor of our school paper.
I am one of the twirlers with oar school
band which, incidentally, received a two
plus rating at the National contest this
year We twirlers didn’t get to the
Nationals but we were rated two plus at
the State finals in Poughkeepsie.

If any of you girls are good tennis
players, I’ll gladly exchange a few twirl¬
ing lessons for some in tennis! But you
don’t have to be tennis wizard to write
so won’t some of you please take a
chance? — Marian Swendsen, New York.

Dear Friends. — I have read “Out Page”
for a long time and have enjoyed it very
much. I am 13 years old and will be in
the first year of high school this Fall. I
like school and plan to take a Commercial
course.

I live four miles from town and attend
many of the school basketball games. I
like outdoor sports such as hunting and
fishing and would be lost if we ever moved
away from the farm. I would like to re¬
ceive some letters from other boys and
girls. — Catherine Lafin, New York.

Dear “Our Page.” — We have taken “The
Rural New-Yorker” for 15 years. Ever since
I can remember I have enjoyed “Our Page.”

I am 11 years old and live on a farm of
65 acres near a small town. I go in the
seventh grade in the Fall. Won’t every body
write to me? — Lydia French, New York.

Drawn by Dolores Sullivan, New York

July 21. — Oh, but it was hot today!
Tonight after dishes were done I went up
to the garden to escape the heat as much
as possible. As I sat there it became cooler,
until at last I was reasonably comfortable.
Idly I watched the heavens change from
blue to the dusky gray of night. Up on
the macadam road I could hear the cars
whizzing by; in the distance a dog bayed
and a neighbor’s dog mournfully answered.
In a nearby field a cow wandering aimless¬
ly about, set her bell to ringing; down in
the chicken house the hens started their
evening talk; and up the road a happy
farmer lad poured out his heart in song.
Then into my reverie like a thunderbolt,
broke the jangle of that crazy tune, “The
Hut Sut Song,” coming from the radio in

7b* RURAL NEW-YORKER

the house. Once more a heat wave en¬
gulfed me, and I threw up my hands in
despair. What was the use to try and
keep cool with a song like that in your
ears! Here’s hoping it rains soon.

July 22. — It rained today! What a world
of meaning can be put into that common
phrase. The rain came with a rush of
winds so wild that doors were blown open,
trees laid to the ground and plants ruined.
But •What a welcome sight it was for the
heat stricken people and thirsty crops!
After it was over I went up to the garden
to watch the sunset. After a rain they are
always more vivid, more breath-takingly
lovely than ever before. Tonight the sky
was a soft gray, and in the West filmy
pink clouds, floated aiong in a bit of sky
that was azure blue, bordered by a purple
haze. The horizon of green trees was turned
into a fairyland of deep blue. As I looked
at that example of God’s handiwork of
Nature. I couldn’t help but think of and
pity, the people who live in the hot smoky
cities, and have nothing to look at but
the buildings, and nothing to listen to but
“The Hut Sut Song.” — “Ginger”

Drawn by Mary Pease, New York

Dear Boys and Girls. — I have enjoyed
“Our Page ' for quite a long time and am
now 11 years old. I have two pen pals,
one in W. Virginia and one in Connecticut,
since I wrote my last letter to the “page.”

My 4-H Club just came home from , a
camp in Bear Mountain. I had a grand
time. We had classes such as crafts, first
aid, swimming and nature. We went on
an overnight hike in the wilderness. At
night we hunted for an overnight shelter.
The first thing was to build a fire to keep
the wild animals away after which we
sat at the fire and sang camp songs. After
awhile we dozed off +o sleep. The next
morning we found the trail back to camp.
In the afternoon we went home after two
weeks at camp. I wish I could be back
there again. •

I have belonged to the 4-H Club two
years and have enjoyed the work very
much. We have three leaders for Junior
and Senior Club and have no meetings in
the Summer. In the school season we have
our meetings every Tuesday. Sometimes
we have parties.

My home is a small farm about 25 miles
from New York City. We have one cow
and about 150 chickens, two baby geese
and a very big garden. I also have my
own garden. We have one small kitten and
a big cat. I would like to hear from other
“Our Page” members. — Doris Albright,
New York.

Dear Readers of “Our Page.” — I have
been going to write to you for some time
to tell you about my 4-H Club work. I
have been a member for five years.

Our Club is called “The Mount Tom 4-
H Club” and we have 14 members and

meet at members’ homes every two weeks.
Our project this year is “Clothing Buy-
manship.” I am vice-president, secretary,
and treasurer and news reporter for our

club, so you see I can manage to keep

busy most of the time.

We have been very successful in our
work and have many outstanding members.
Nearly every one of them goes to State

Camp and several have gone to the Eastern
States 4-H Encampment at Springfield, Mass.

I am 18 years old and would like very
much to correspond with any boys or girls
who would care to write to jne. I can al¬
ways find room for one more on my list
of friends. — Catherine Allen, Vermont.

Dear Friends. — We have 12 members and
two leaders in our club and have meetings
every month. But we don’t have them in
the Summer. The club earns money to
go off on trip. June 23 we went to “Howe
Caverns.”

VVill some of you “Our Page” members
write to me? — Rose Le Gault, New York.

Pen and Ink — By Mildred Sauer, New York

Jenney and Penny — By Martha Young,
New York

Problems of a Cook — By Betty Birkett,
New York

I Like Watermelon Too — By Gertrude Wirtz,
North Carolina

“Something New Has Been Added” — By
Nancy Wood, Connecticut

“The Pause That Refreshes” — By Martin
Young, New York

or I

m a

Drawn by Martha Young, New York

FOG

With will-o-the wisps enrapped in
it’s folds

The fog comes in from the Bay.

Stars are lost in it’s great
gray depths.

And the soul cannot find
it’s way

From out of the mass of
memory

That the fog has brought

in from the Bay.

By Anna Kemesies, New York

THE FAIRY DROPS
There’re the tiniest little flowers.

That live down by the brook
And gather all the gentle showers
As they grow in that shady nook.

Their petals are blue like the sky above
With the yellow sun inside.

And they sing the happy song of love
As they dance and quiver and hide
Without a friend and without a toy.

But happy, contented and filled with joy
By Irene Gabry, New York

I would like to be a morning glorv
Full of beautious bloom.

And lading the warm June air
With my rare perfume.

Or perhaps to be a pansy
Nodding in the sun.

Among the many other flowers
Who are laughing, every one.

Could I be just a clover?

A clover red and white
Growing in the meadows.

Where the buzzing bees delight?

The best is just a little girl
As maybe you can see.

Playing around the country side
As happy as can be.

By Martha Young, New York

LETTERS WANTED

Letters to persons whose names appear
under this heading should be sent to Violet
and Elsie Unger. 333 West 30th St., New
York, N. Y. with the name and state for
whom the letter is intended on the out¬
side o fthe envelope. The addresses will
be completed and the letters forwarded.
Unstamped letters will not be mailed.

Catherine Allan (18), Vt.; Marian
Swendsen, N. Y.; Anne Riley (16), N. Y.;
Arline Roberts (12), N. Y.; Catherine Lafin
(13), N. Y.; Robert Castanga (14), Penna.:
Mary Louise Rhodes (19), N. Y.; Rose Le
Gault (13). N. Y. ; Robert Chapman (15).
N. Y.; Elaine Helmbrecht (14), Penna.;
Jeanette Gourley (10), N. Y.; Gloria Bailey
(16), Penna.; Betty Barnes (16), N. J.;
Irene Gabrys (14), N. Y.; Doris Albright,
N. Y.; Helen Mullin (12), N. Y.; Lydia
French (11), N. Y.; Marian Cleaver (13),
Penna.; Vera Behm (13), N. Y.; Winthroo
Day (15), Mass.; Maureen Gillow (14), Conn.

Drawn by Arline Geiskopf, New York

It seems as if almost everyone is bemoan¬
ing the fact that vacation is so nearly ended
and that each shall find himself again, all
too soon, in the school room with books
and pencil. A few years from now I’ll
bet you’ll look back and sigh and think
of the days when about the biggest prob¬
lem was homework in arithmetic or
Algebra. By the time the old school bell
rings again we hope that you all will have
had a grand vacation.

The diary captions are beginning to be
most entertaining. There are probably few
persons whose diaries have not been broken
into at some time or another and the con¬
tents eagerly read by some younger scamp
in the family. And oh, how it hurts to
have one’s very secrets brought to light!

Most everyone seems to branching out
into his own kind of humor such as Mary
Pease who has made her telephone look
most disapproving in her caption. Della
Martin who has two youngsters presenting
the teacher with apples and the little
colored boy looks very happy with his
piece of melon. The expression on the
faces of Jenney and Penny is delightful, as
if to say. “Just look what I found!” The
art of getting feeling and expression in a
drawing is as important as the drawing
itself for who likes to look at a picture
where there is no feeling at all, even
though it may be beautifully done.

One thing that should be remembered
is that drawings should be done in black
ink, not blue, as the black reproduces much
better. A.lso do not use colors or pencil.

Send all contributions to Violet and Elsie
Unger; 333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.
before the fourth of the month if intended
for that month. Letters received later than
this date will have to be held over until
the next month. We are glad to hear from
you at any time.

485

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscribe/ s
Exchange will be found on page 487.

COUPLE MIDDLEAGED, Protestants, No
children. Gardener, handyman, estate re¬
pairs. Wife, laundry (electric machines).
Modern improvements. Small adult family
and place, near town. No cattle or poultry.
Permanent. State first letter, ages, nation¬
ality, wages, references. BOX 161 Port-
chester, New York.

HELP WANTED: Girl for general housework.

References. $50 per month. MRS. NELSON
SCHAENEN, Basking Ridge, N. J.

WANTED — Young man to help on fruit and
poultry farm in Northern New Jersey.
ADVERTISER 2241, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COOK, female at once. Apply to
LLOYD M. HALLENBECK, Greendale-
on-the Hudson, N. Y.

WANTED COUPLE, small family; and also
a single man for general farm work. Give
details in first letter. About 12 miles from
Philadelphia. ADVERTISER 2242, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARMHAND EXPERIENCED, give age. Milk
two cows, good teamster in woods. $30
monthly, room, ' board; steady. GREEN
GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

WANTED MAN, preferably young, on small
general farm. Must be reliable, intelligent,
willing to work. Good home, $25 year round
with possibility of increase. Send references
and particulars first letter. ROBERT
NEARING, Clinton Corners, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTED for country, approxi¬
mately 50 miles from metropolitan New
York. Man must be competent chauffeur-
gardener; woman good cook and downstairs
worker. Excellent opportunity and good pay
to the right couple. A-l references required.
Give full particulars. ADVERTISER 2243,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced poultryman for
work on breeding farm; good pay. Also
outside foreman; must have best references.
DAVID COHEN, Tel. 441. Guilford, Conn.

WANTED — Man of good character and ex¬
perience in production of clean milk, to
do barn work and milking. Single man or
one with small family preferred. Good
accommodations and wages. FAIRLEA
FARM, Orange, Conn.

WANTED — Intelligent young man, 20-25
years, willing, industrious, sober; for work
on fur farm. $40 per month, room, board,
laundry. Write BOX 42, Jefferson Valley,
New York.

CLERGYMAN DESIRES housekeeper for his
home near New York. Plain cooking.
Small family. Start $35 month. ADVER¬
TISER 2246, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man to help on fruit and
chicken farm. Willing to accept beginner.
Can provide quarters for couple but can¬
not use wife. CHARLES BOMER, Rifton,
Ulster County, New York. Telephone
Rosendale 2486.-

WANTED — Poultryman, modern commer¬
cial plant. Eight hour day, second Sunday
off. $65 start, house, chickens, eggs. BROOKS
LEGHORN FARM, Austerlitz, N. Y.

EXCELLENT COOK, experienced for small
college tea room. DAVIS, 51 West Lane,
Ridgefield, Conn.

COUPLE — Chauffeur, houseman,' handyman,
cook, houseworker. Small family, good
wages. DRESSER, Newtown, Bucks County,
Pennsylvania.

YOUNG, SINGLE men to work on fruit farm
during harvest. $60 per month, room and
board. Steady work for best one or two
men. Apply personally. D. S. HENRY,
Wallingford, Cgnn.

WANTED — Married man on small, well
equipped dairy farm; 18 cows milked by
machine. Wages $70 per month, good house,
milk, fuel, lights. LONG MOUNTAIN
FARM, New Milford, Conn.

WANTED — Single, experienced help for
general farm work. Must be reliable.
Small dairy; milk machines used. State age
and experience. LESLIE MIKE, Flemington,
New Jersey.

WANTED — Will give Protestant girl perma¬
nent home. ADVERTISER 2248, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED IN Connecticut, man experienced
in running retail milk route in city. Good
opportunity for one who can prove himself
a business getter. ADVERTISER 2249, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, WHITE, assist on turkey and pheasant
farm, experience unnecessary; room and
board. $25 a month. ADVERTISER 2250,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man, white, for general
farm work; also to help with machine
milking. Must be good teamster. STAFFORD
BROS., Marlton, N. J.

WANTED — Apple pickers, 5 cents a bushel,
including room and board. Season Sep¬
tember 1 to November 15. WALTER WAIS,
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — Caretaker for small farm in
New Jersey. Single, reliable; drive. Year
around position for right party. Give salary
and details in first letter. ADVERTISER
2251, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER-COOK, experienced, refined,
for elderly gentlemen living in Florida.
$50; modern house, permanent. Summer
vacation, drivers license, references; full
particulars first letter. BOX 56 Ardsley,
New York.

WANTED — Poultryman, single, on modern
plant. $40 to $50 per month, room, board.
First class proposition to experienced man.
WINDRUSH FARM, Princeton, N. J.

POULTRYMAN — Experience, culling, killing,
dressing; license. $35 to start month, board.
Draft exempt. BOX 146, Holbrook, L. I.

MAN, WHITE, handy with tools, some
chickens, some rabbits, lawn, flower beds;
good home, steady job. State reference past
five years. ADVERTISER 2275, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

HOUSEWORKER— Private room, bath. State
salary. MRS. GOODMAN, 44 E. Central J
Ave., Maywood, N. J.

PERMANENT POSITION, dependable
woman, general housework; small family,
adults. Modern farm, 50 miles New York.
ADVERTISER 2254, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MAN or couple, man ex¬
perienced, dry-hand milker, drive car; no
drinker. If couple, woman to do housework.
Couple $75 month, single man $50 month
and board, private room with pleasant
surroundings. Good home, permanent po¬
sition for right persons, on goat dairy and
breeding farm. ADVERTISER 2274, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL OR woman to help in small -board¬
ing house; general housework. Strong,
capable, willing. State age, nationality,
salary, experience. EUSNER, Monticello,
New York.

WANTED — Woman, white, to do general
housework; give particulars, wages re¬
quested and reference. JOHN GEARY,
South Plainfield, N. J.

COUPLE, FARM experience, week-end cook¬
ing; near Newburgh. Quarters, privileges,
$80. References. ADVERTISER 2264, care
Rural New-Yorker.

ALL-AROUND handyman on poultry farm,
past draft age. Must be clean, healthy,
strong, willing and sober. State full par¬
ticulars, age, height, weight and wages.
Good home for steady man. NATHAN
BREEDING FARM, Cuddebackville, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced poultry man for
private estate; single. Must-know egg pro¬
duction and care of poultry, neat and clean
and good worker; 1,000 layers kept. Give
particulars in first letter. ADVERTISER
2263. care Rural New-Yorker.

HELPER ON commercial poultry farm,
Westchester County, New York. Mention
age, weight, height, wages. Interview re¬
quired. ADVERTISER 2266, care Rural
New-Yorker. ,

MEN WANTED on large poultry killing
dressing plant. Feed, water, slaughter and
pack poultry. Key position for experienced
men. ADVERTISER 2268, care Rural New-
Yorker.

HELP WANTEB, experienced fruit; help;

September 1st to 20th; correspond with
WILBUR H. SHUMAKER, Youngstown,
New York.

WANTED — Man to take charge of large
dairy herd on retail milk farm. $75-$100
per month. ADVERTISER 2285, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED HELP: General houseworkers,
cooks and couples; high wages. McNALLY
CRESCENT EMPLOYMENT AGENCY, 223
Park Ave., Huntington, Long Island.
Phone 1086.

Situations Wanted

REFINED PROTESTANT man desires po¬
sition as caretaker; reasonable wages and
good home. ADVERTISER 2170, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED INSTITUTION superinten¬
dent, agricultural school executive and
former Governmental Farm Director desires
change from present employment. 49 years
old, best of reference. BOX 66, Coventry,
Rhode Island.

EXPERT FARM dairy manager, all branch¬
es; speciality Guernseys, Leghorns. Re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2190, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUNTRY WOMAN, middleaged; house¬
work for elderly couple. Country pre¬
ferred. State wages. Address, CLARA
BRODOCK, R. F. D. 5, Rome, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTS work on farm, year
around. ADVERTISER 2223, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once on Long Island, working
family to take full charge of 50 cows;
Surge machine milking. House, electricity,
milk and $125 monthly to start. Steady po¬
sition for clean experienced family. AD¬
VERTISER 2276, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, modern home,
rural Westchester; two children. Starting
$50 monthly. Would consider woman with
small family or couple. Dependable. Perma¬
nent. ADVERTISER 2277, care Rural New-
Yorker.

RELIABLE WOMAN, light housework; small
chicken farm. Good home, year round for
willing worker. $25 monthly. BECKWITT,
Bound Brook, N. J.

WANTED — Single elderly man for farm,
milk two cows, chores, light work; state
wages wanted. ADVERTISER 2278, care
Rural New-Yorker.

RESPONSIBLE FARM couple; housekeeping.

Man, knowledge of horses, preferably
rider. Owner away six months. JOHN
CARROLL, East Chatham, N. Y. -

WANTED — Cook, houseworker; two adults,
two children. Protestant, Darien Conn.
Write fully. ADVERTISER 2280, care Rural
New-Yorker.

CAPABLE GENERAL help, children’s wash
only, occasional cooking; own room and
bath in pleasant home. State salary de¬
sired and references. DAILEY, Sagamore
Road, Maplewood, N. J.

GUIDE WANTS fishing parties for Eastern
Maine. Black bass. Board. R. MOORE,
R. F. D., No. 1, Machias, Maine.

MARRIED MAN, no children, wants a job
on a 20 cow farm for the Winter. Dry-
hand milker. B. H. CROWELL, West
Willington, Conn.

DAIRYMAN, EXPERIENCED cattle, poul¬
try, hogs, field crops, teamster, tractor,
machines. Cornell agricultural graduate.
Industrious, able manager. Married, one
child. Wife board help, etc. References.
Only up-to-date farms considered. ADVER¬
TISER 2220, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER — Experienced, excellent
cook; Protestant. E. DUNN, P. O. Box 96,
Grand Central Annex, New York.

POULTRYMAN, FOUR years experience,
two agricultural school training; special¬
ized in henkeeping and breeding work.
ADVERTISER 2222, care Rural New-Yorker.

HERDSMAN, EXPERIENCED in all branches
of dairy herd management; one who has
a thorough knowledge of the management
and breeding of good cattle. Graham School
training, excellent references. Single, 37.
State full particulars in first letter. ADVER¬
TISER 2227, care Rural New-Yorker.

RESPONSIBLE POULTRY manager, 38,
married, thoroughly experienced in all
branches of poultry; capable obtaining best
results. Salary or shares. ADVERTISER
2228, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER and cook, doc¬
tors’ home and office, Long Island. Three
adults, two children; live in. Starting $45
monthly. Write ADVERTISER 2289, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED WOMAN, 30-45, Catholic pre¬
ferred; care for three children. Write giv¬
ing references, experience. Salary $40, own
room. ADVERTISER 2269, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WOMAN WITH or without children, light
housekeeping; Somerville, N. J. ADVER¬
TISER 2270, care Rural New-Yorker.

ELDERLY MAN, small poultry farm, able
to milk; good home, no liquor. State
salary, references. A. DUNNING, Sandusky,
New York.

WAITRESSES FOR William Smith College.

Geneva, N. Y. $35 monthly, room and
board. Apply personally before September.
DOWNS,

TO THE person that has had considerable
experience in poultry raising and general
farming and willing to start on small scale
on shares, I will furnish a cottage on our
farm and supply necessary capital to start
business. White Christian married man,
small family preferred, who can support
himself. If not will advance small monthly
sum. Farm at present used week ends,
located in Eastern New York State 100 miles
from New York City. Only responsible
person capable taking full charge need
apply. Reference required. ADVERTISER
2271, care Rural New-Yorker.

GRADE A Guernsey dairy wants capable,
general assistant; able and willing, with
barn and dairy experience; hand and ma¬
chine milker. $50 month, board. References,
ability, character, habits. ADVERTISER
2272, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, RELIABLE, country experience; care
bachelor’s house. Owner frequently away.
ADVERTISER 2273, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED HERDSMAN, open for po¬
sition, married, no children, years of
practical experience, feeding, breeding and
raising calves; can handle any size propo¬
sition and get results. Am sober, honest and
trustworthy. References. ADVERTISER
2224, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING FARM manager, life experience
all branches. 15 years with Guernseys, A.
R. work. Excellent references. Please give
details in first letter and arrange interview.
ADVERTISER 2231, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER. MARRIED, experienced, all
around. References. Daughter, housework.
ADVERTISER 2230, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED WOMAN, household com¬
panion to lady; exchange for home. AD¬
VERTISER 2236, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED MIDDLEAGED, married, Ameri¬
can; handyman, gardener, poultryman,
driver, own furniture. ADVERTISER 2235,
care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRYMAN WISHES to make change;

small herd on private estate preferred.
First class buttermaker. good dry-hand
milker. Swiss, middleaged, single, strictly
temperate; excellent references. Please state
wages. ADVERTISER 2240, care Rural New-
Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, 50, life farming experience,
best of habits, honest, congenial and trust¬
worthy; desires farm or caretaker’s job
where management and responsibility can
be shared; preferably for widow or aged
couple. References exchanged. ADVER¬
TISER 2255, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING POULTRY manager, single,
thoroughly experienced production of eggs,
chicks, ducklings, turkeys and pheasants.
Excellent executive ability. Expert with in¬
cubators, disease and vermin control a
speciality. Excellent references. Please state
particulars. ADVERTISER 2257, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER. DOCTORS family, three;

suburb New York. Nurse, cook, serve.
Give age, height, weight, experience, refer¬
ences, photo, (will return) in first letter.
$50. ADVERTISER 2282, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced married and single
farmers, good wages and privileges; year
around job. MALNATI BROS., Ashley Falls,
Massachusetts.

WANTED ON farm, two boys, through
school, each able milk one cow at $10
a month. Room, board and laundry for
Winter. More pay in Summer; steady. R. A.
SHEPARD, Callicoon, N. Y.

ONE EXPERIENCED pasteurizing and milk
room man and one middleaged cow man
for barn work in 200 milking herd purebred
Holstein; three-time machine milking; wages
according to ability and willingness. Must
be physically and mentally fit. Excellent
living conditions. ADVERTISER 2245, care
Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED PROTESTANT American couple,
middleaged. best of references, desire po¬
sition as caretakers. Seashore or country,
year round. ADVERTISER 2259, care Rural
New-Yorker.

POULTRY MANAGER, single, college
trained, backed by years and years of ex¬
perience is open for position in full charge
of plant. Expert in incubation, brooding,
line breeding, culling, breeding, manage¬
ment. Chick rearing from brooder to ma¬
turity, pedigree work, caponizing, killing
and ‘dressing, dry picking, egg production,
bloodtesting and certification. Turkeys,
ducks, pheasants and waterfowl. But un¬
less you have a first class plant and can pay
$150, ' room and board per month, please
save your stamps by not answering this
advertisement. ADVERTISER 2260, care
Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED WOMAN wishes work in elderly
home. Write MAUDE GLOSENGER, 1215
Summer St., Stamford, Conn.

MARRIED, MIDDLEAGED, caretaker,
handyman, general repairs, lawns, gardens,
chickens, stock, drive. ADVERTISER 2265,
care Rural New-Yorker.

CHRISTIAN HOUSEKEEPER with boy 11,
wishes permanent position, refined family;
mothers helper. ADVERTISER 2261, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED DAIRYMAN, here nan,
farmer; married. Thorough knowledge all
branches, dairying, livestock, poultry and
general farming; wishes position. References.
ADVERTISER 2262, care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPERINTENDENT, FARM manager, ex¬
perienced both estate, commercial work;
dairying, poultry, gardening, greenhouse.
Cornell graduate, 37, married. ADVERTISER
2267, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER, SINGLE, desires position on small
place or a caretakers job, experience all
around, age 52; sober and honest. MEHREN,
20 North William St., New York.

GROOM, HANDY with tractors, trucks, any
work, estate or club. References. ADVER¬
TISER 2287, care Rural New-Yorker.

ESTATE MANAGER: poultry, cattle, saddle
horses, gardening, maintenance. Married,
two children. Excellent references. AD¬
VERTISER 2288, care Rural New-Yorker.

ISN’T THERE someone that can give work
to a couple in their fifties. Protestr ' no
children; do not smoke or drink. Can milk
by hand, or use DeLaval milker. Both
good cooks and can do general farm work.
A good home in preference to high wages.
ADVERTISER 2290, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 24, wants few months work;

farm, orchard. PAUL, 430 East 162nd St.,
New York.

RELIABLE COUPLE wish position; cook,
serve, houseworker, garden, lawn, repairs,
general handyman. ADVERTISER 2286, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER, CARPENTER, painter, paper-
hanger; single, 49. No liquor. Wants $18
week. Demands good board; eats pie, cake,
both for dessert, no canned meat. Carfare.
GEORGE ROMAINE, Box 142, Raymond,
New Hampshire.

| Country Board

PHYSICIANS WIDOW, nurse, opening spa¬
cious home to middle and aged people.
Excellent meals. Outings provided, kindness
and comfort. Doubles $15-$18, singles $20
weekly. ADVERTISER 2215, care Rural
New-Yorker.

LADY WANTS farm board, only guest,
no fuss; within 90 miles New York. Cheap.
ADVERTISER 2217, care Rural New-Yorker.

BUSINESS MOTHER wants board boys, 214
years and 1 year. Suburbs or farm. Par¬
ticulars. Reasonable. ADVERTISER 2226,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED CHRISTIAN man wishes
year round board on farm not over 50
miles from New York. Plain food, reason¬
able price. ADVERTISER 2232, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HARVEY’S MOUNTAIN View, Rochester,
Vermont. Elevation 1,440. Rooms, baths,
food, recreation, safe hills away from State
Road, Route 100. Early reservations. Single,
double, triple rooms. Screened porches;
furnace heat. Select clientiele.

LOVELY FARM home. State inspected, for
elderly or retired persons. $8 per week.
MAURICE HEIGHTS FARM, Halifax, Pa.

“RIVERSIDE FARMS,” large, modern home
by river; swimming, boating, screened
porches. $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

Fruits and Foods

FROZEN SOUR cherries for cherry pies, the
year around. Best size, color and flavor
anyone can produce. We pack in 30 lb. and
10 lb. tins. Cherries all pitted and sugar
with them. All necessary after thawed out
is to cook them, put into cans and seal
while hot. Express prepaid within 400 miles.
Cheapest and best way to get sour cherries
for home use, for anyone outside of the
heavy cherry growing sections. Shipped
every Tuesday till Case Farm stock is
exhausted. If interested in having the
finest of cherries next Winter, write for
details. B. J. CASE, Sodus, N. Y.

EXTRA NICE, light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

NEW HONEY, as fine as we have ever pro¬
duced. 60 lb. can here, clover $4.60; buck¬
wheat (1940) $3.30; clover mixed $3.80. Ten
lb. pail postpaid $1.65; buckwheat or mixed
$1.40. Honey for re-sale in glass and tin.
RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. A nourishing food. FRANK MAN¬
CHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 85c; 3
lbs. $2.25 prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

BUTTERNUT MEATS, lb. 85c; 2 lbs. $1.60;

5 lbs. $3.75. Pecan pieces, 58c lb. P. P.
prepaid. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

NEW CLOVER honey postpaid third zone.

Five lb. pail 85c; two $1.60; four $3.
HUGH GREGG, Elbridge, N. Y.

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid to third zone 90c; 10 lb. pail

postpaid to third zone $1.70. GARDEN GOLD
APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

| Miscellaneous

FOR SALE: Two 12x36 ft. wood silos and
13 in. cutter. C. Y. DeLONG Mertztown,
Penna.

FOR SALE: Threshing machine with rye
beater and binder. An old model but has
always been well cared for and did a good
job when last used. CONTENT FARMS,
Cambridge, N. Y.

486

against DROUGHT

You need it now. if you ever did!
Best defense is a silo that saves every
possible inch of ensilage, to bolster
lay shortage.

UNADILLA is your safest defense.
Patented Unadilla Lock Do welling
ties your silo into a JUICE-TIGHT,
stormproof, enduring structure. Extra
hoops, simple convenient fixtures,
special hardware, laminated doors
and ready cut roofs — all ready for any
handy man to assemble. But ORDER
NOW — National Defense is making
materials scarcer. Write for catalog
and prices. UNADILLA SILO CO.,
Box C. Unadilla, N.Y.
Investigate Unadilla Wood Liners avail¬
able for ailing masonry silos. Write for
prices.

UNADILLA

SILOS

BETTER ENSILAGE— LESS WORK

with Dellinger
Hay Chopper - Silo Filler

Use this modern combination hay chopper-
silo filler for grass crops in spring and summer,
corn ensilage in fall. 4 sizes, 8 types. SK.F ball
bearings, enclosed gears running
in oil. With special mo¬
lasses pump attachment
you can make hay —
rain or shine.

Write for bulletin.

DELUNGER MFG. CO., 731 N. Prince SL,Lancaster, Pa.

SUPER-
Construction
Concrete a
Stave A
Silos

ninfrL.

nSSffli

niwfrrr;

mgjnTrr

njHSGfH

Strongest
Protection
Against
Fire I Storml
Wastel
end Timet

Ltf. MARIETTA

Stop Wasteful Feeding!

The surest way, with World’s Safest Silo
— the time-tested Marietta, Built-to-
Endure, of clean sand and gravel (No
refuse that BURNS). Special hooping
for Hay. Acid-resisting, Ce¬
ment Sealed. Refrigera-
for-type Redwood doors.
. . Pays for itself over
and over by the food val¬
ues it SAVES. . . Writo
today.

The Marietta Concrete Corp.
Marietta, 0. Dept. R

IS-IMI

S HAW PepPY-PafW&M TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for home gardens, poul¬
try and fruit ranches, estates, green houses,
mowing parks, etc. Plows, cultivates,
etc. Sizes % to 9 H.P. Write for 10 DAY
TRIAL OFFER. LOW PRICES and
FREE CIRCULAR. SHAW MFG. CO.,

4708 FRONT STREET. GALESBURG, KANSAS

MEN WANTED

Leading Farm paper in
East has protected terri¬
tory open in New England
and Pennsylvania for men
with car to do subscription
work. Many men in our
sales force have been
with us for years, and
have ' done well. All
year work, good earnings.
References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER/

333 West 30th Street
New York City

^JVyVWVWUVVVVVWVVVWVVb

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Publisher’s Desk

I am a subscriber to your paper for
a long time and believe it or not I
read it backwards; I start at the
“Publisher’s Desk.” I have been im¬
pressed by the warnings on various
schemes and have escaped some
snares through them. I always try
to deal with reputable people adver¬
tising in reputable papers or maga¬
zines. In a poultry paper I saw an
advertisement by the Osborn Poul¬
try Farm, Holland, Michigan, P. J.
Osborne, Prop, advertising Lamonas.
I wrote to him and during corres¬
pondence he asked me to try and
sell chicks for him at 20 per cent
commission. He sent literature and
I took two orders and sent them in
for immediate delivery. He sent
them via express and when they ar¬
rived we found 50 dead and the rest
very weak. I told the express man
that I wouldn’t accept them and he
said he didn’t know what to do with
them. I said I would take them along
to try to save as many as I could
if he would give me a bad order
receipt and verify the condition upon
arrival and my statement to which
he agreed. These chicks were in¬
sured for $100 and I immediately
notified Mr. Osborne of the condition
and asked him what he was going
to do. He did not answer my letter
nor several others. My customers
wanted their chicks and since no
chicks were received I had to re¬
fund their money. This left me hold¬
ing the bag. I wrote twice to the
paper that carried Osborne’s adver¬
tising. They have gotten no action
for me. The amount of my claim is
$78.40 as the chicks almost all died
(121 died in the first 24 hours). Both
poultry papers claim that their ad¬
vertisers are reliable and they still
carry his advertisements. I cer¬
tainly can’t understand this wall of
silence from Osborne because he
seemed so voluble before. What can
I do~to collect my money as I cer¬
tainly could use it right now.

Pennsylvania o. A. w.

This story speaks for itself and
we regret to say that the Osborne
Poultry Farm and P. J. Osborne
ignored all our letters as they did
the later ones of the reader. Since
there seems to be no disposition to
make the matter right with the
customer and pay the commission
agreed upon, we publish the record
for the information of our other
readers.

A new ruling was issued by the
Association of American Railroads
to the effect that in order to receive
damages for frozen or damaged ship¬
ments, principally produce, it will be
necessary for the receiver to keep
the goods so damaged segregated
and sell them and show the names
and addresses of the purchasers on
the account sales. Otherwise their
claims will not be considered or paid.
Protests have been made by the re¬
ceivers as they contend it is prac¬
tically impossible to get such buyers
to give names and addresses as
they are cash sales usually. They
claim it would be a good rule if they
could get the buyers to comply but
the cash sales make it difficult, if
not impossible. However, if the
regulation is carried out many legiti¬
mate claims will never be paid be¬
cause of the difficulty to secure the
necessary information. Receivers
claim that the carriers have put the
burden of proof on the receivers
and they feel that, as carriers are
many times responsible for freezing
and other damage, the burden of
proof is on them and they should
be compelled to get the information.
Traffic men are being asked for their
views on the new ruling as it is an
important matter for shippers.

I wish to thank you for your
kindness and cooperation. It brought
prompt results, we just received a
check for $25, the deposit in full.
It is hard to put into words the
appreciation I feel. The Rural
New-Yorker has been a blessing to
us in many ways and we would
not be without it. mrs. l. k.

New Jersey

This refund was made very
promptly when the school was
notified that the party could not at¬
tend but the procedure usually
takes several days which caused the
little delay. The willingness to re¬
fund is an asset to any company al¬
though under certain conditions no
company could be expected to do
so, and we still urge careful deliber¬
ation before signing contracts.

Complaints have been received
lately from several of our readers
about the methods of salesmanship
employed by a nationally known
'farm paper in soliciting subscrip¬
tions. Most of these reports come
from the southern part of New
Jersey. It seems that subscription
salesmen have been going around
for some time now with various
forms of petitions addressed to
Congress covering current questions.
A few years ago, there were pe¬
titions both for and against the
W.P.A. and relief programs. The
salesman would use either petition,
depending on the type of prospective
customers and his surroundings. If
he looked poor, he would pull out
the “for” petition. If he looked
pretty comfortable, out would come
the “against” petition. Petitions
have also been circulated on the
raising of taxes and the lowering
of taxes.

Today the petitions read “Are you
in favor of our boys going over to
a foreign country to fight?” and “Are
you in favor of foreign countries
shipping in goods or products that
we are able to make or raise?” They
are being circulated widely among
the foreign-born who have come to
this country to escape the horrors of
war. These persons are, therefore,
very “good bait” for the petitions.

During the discussion on the pe¬
tition, the salesman usually gets out
his subscription book and writes up
the customer for a subscription. We
have no idea what happens to these
petitions. They may be sent in to
Washington and they may not. If
they ever get there, the chances are
they are thrown into the waste
basket.

This looks like just another racket
in selling subscriptions. While there
is probably no law against it, people
should recognize these “petitions”
salesmen for what they are. If a
person wants the paper, he can buy
it without signing any petition. But
if he thinks he is putting out money
for the cause set forth in the particu¬
lar petition, he is being badly hood¬
winked.

I am enclosing a copy of amounts
due me from J. P. Wilson, 116 Dock
St., Philadelphia. Previous sales and
consignments were paid for but have
just had promises on the enclosed
statement. They agreed to finish
payment by November 1, but my
last two letters, since then, have
not been answered. Am wondering
if you can do anything with the ac¬
count or give me any information
in regard to this firm? h. h. d.

New York

This company discontinued busi¬
ness in November 1940. No reason
was given for the discontinuance of
the business but it is said that losses
were sustained because of uneconom¬
ical management. A suit was brought
against them for commissions but
it was impossible to get information
as to the disposition of the cor¬
poration’s assets. It was said, how¬
ever, that all local creditors were
reported to have been paid in full
before the company ceased opera¬
tion. However the above account was
not paid and at this time there are
no funds from which creditors can
be paid and the account is charged
off as worthless.

The Postmaster at Paterson, N. J.
reports what seems like a big racket.
Letters postmarked Fairfield, Conn,
purporting to come from the Theo-
ald Metzgar Estate Committee start
off to say that “it appears you may
have a claim as an heir” to the
estate, and asking for $5 for a book¬
let giving details and urging the
recipent to protect his rights. The
“estate” is said to be allegedly worth
$25,000,000 and many residents of
Paterson homes are said to have re¬
ceived the letters. The supply of
the booklets it is claimed is very
limited and the “heirs” are asked to
use the “handy enclosed form” and
to send money orders or certified
checks rather than cash. M. Nielsen
is listed as chairman of the committee
and V. Himmelwright, secretary.
The address is given as 375 North
Pine Creek Road, Fairfield but
neither party appears in the tele¬
phone directory and they are not
known to the city officials. The
matter is being investigated.

August 23, 1941

Roadside Stands

An intersection of two roads is
a good spot for a roadside stand and
plenty of parking space is needed.
No motorist is going to stop if he
has to leave his car in the middle
of the road in order to buy your
products. Elaborateness does not
count but attractiveness and neat¬
ness does. Cleanliness is the key¬
note wherever foodstuffs are sold
and this goes for the attendants as
well as for the stand. Clothing and
hands should be neat and clean and
the stand counters clean and well
arranged.

It’s a good idea to have signs in
each direction a few hundred feet
down the road from the stand an¬
nouncing the stand and the products
that are to be had. A motorist who
is tearing along the road at a good
rate of speed is not going to jam
on the brakes when he is about even
with the stand to stop and buy some¬
thing. That is. a good point about
having the stand at an intersection,
besides getting the additional traffic
from the two highways, the cars
are slowing down for the cross-roads
and are more apt to come to a halt
near the stand.

The average buyer stops at the
roadside stand for one of two
reasons: First because he thinks that
he can get a better and fresher pro¬
duct than at his own regular place
of trading, or second: Because he
thinks that he can get his produce
a little cheaper than he could on
the -regular market. All repeat busi¬
ness will come because of one or
the other of these two factors. It is
the repeat business that pays. Make
sure that the products you are han¬
dling are fresh and in perfect con¬
dition. Candle and grade all eggs
that are sold at the stand, grade and
basket attractively all farm produce.
Here is where good growing and
farm management practices take the
fore in helping make the stand a
success. Remember that it is the
first sale that takes time and effort
to make. You have to convince the
customer that you have a product
that he should buy. The repeat sales
are easy if the first made a hit with
the prospect.

A fairly steady supply throughout
the season of the products you are
selling will help to build up a steady
business. A customer will get dis¬
couraged and go somewhere else
after his produce if after a few re¬
turn trips after something which
appealed to him he is not able to
get it. Naturally this does not mean
that you have to have everything
in stock everytime someone calls for
it because there will be times when
your demand for a product will ex¬
ceed the supply but it does mean that
the operator should plan his produc¬
tion so as to have a fairly steady
supply of an item over the whole
length of that product’s season. In
some cases this can be worked out
as a cooperative venture with your
neighbors, a cooperative market for
several farms. It’s a good idea, too,
to have a variety of produce. If the
customer isn’t interested in one item,
the chances are that he will be in
something else. This also helps to
build up a volume business by in¬
ducing a customer to spend a little
more for another attractive product
after he has stepped for a particular
item.

Courteous and prompt service is
an important aid to success in this
field. You must remember that you
are in direct competition with
modern retail stores in the towns
or cities where your customers have
been in the habit of buying their
produce and that yours is going to
be compared with the service that
they are accustomed to getting.

E. Coleman

N. Y. State Expert Going
to Orono

Dr. Kathryn M. Briwa, daughter
of our friend M. Briwa, a dairy and
fruit farmer of Hudson, N. Y., has
been appointed nutrition specialist
at the Orono, Maine, Agricultural
Experiment Station, effective Sep¬
tember 1. Dr. Briwa is a graduate
of Vassar College, and now connected
with Columbia University, N. Y. She
is well fitted by training and
temperament for this important
position in the Maine Extension
Service.

Live Poultry 'W/ anted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin* I.ow -down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25c.

CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE. LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight

service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

lin ■ Glass gallon jugs, cotton duck

WniSKCy Barrels canvass. Send for bargain price list.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, III.

Show friends exquisite $1.00
Christmas assortment. Up to
100% profit. Gift Wrapping, Beligious. Etching,
Birthday, all occasion assortments. Experience unneces¬
sary. Deal with Leader. Special Offer. Samples on
approval. DOEHLA, Dept. 20-B, Fitchburg, Mass.

INCREASE INCOME

Press, graters, filters, screens,
pumps, supplies. Catalog Free.

PALMER BROS.

COS COB, CONNECTICUT

y.n, fltirn I Ai.al shoe business. Free outfit
1 Our vWU Local starts you! Big commissions,
liberal bonus. Amazing values, features make experience
unnecessary. TANNERS SHOES, 527 Boston, Mass.

RECENTLY PU BLISH ED— Story book of “Mary and
Her Little Lamb for Children" and the little School-
house, illustrated. Mailed for Twenty Five Cents.

HARRIET MILLER. Box 44, ARLINGTON, MASS.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc. |

A WEALTH of opportunity for home and
business. 138 acres, near City of Hudson.
About 1,000 bearing apples: Mclhtosh,
Delicious, Greenings, Baldwins, Fall Pippins;
300 plums; block of cherries; 12 acres al¬
falfa; 7 acres strawberries; 3 acres red
raspberries. Sold $800 from 1 acre. One acre
grape vineyard; 2,000 asparagus; 2 acres
muskmelons; 1 acre watermelons; 2 acres
tomatoes; 1 acre peppers; 1 acre lima beans;
1 acre wax and green beans; 3 acres sweet
corn; 2 acres pop corn; 1 acre potatoes; 15
acres woodland, remainder meadow. Flow¬
ing creek through property. Eleven room
dwelling, furnace heat, hardwood floor,
water, 6 room cottage, large bams, poultry
housing for 1,000. Buildings insured $12,000.
Price $13,000. Terms: $4,000 cash; balance on
mortgage to run for 30 years. Exclusive sale.
Send for circular of farms. LLOYD M.
HALLENBECK, Realtor, Greendale-on-the-
Hudson, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000; cash $500; balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

SMALL FARM plots, 100x432 ft. edge of
town, $175. Also 614 acres woodland, $255.
Sea shore highway, 2% acres, $435. 15 acres
with stream, $775. Terms $10 down, $5 month.
SAFRANEK, Vineland, N. J.

FOR SALE: Five modern farms in Central
Pennsylvania on hard surfaced roads. In¬
quire, E. E. SCHMICK, Elmira, N. Y.

FRUIT AND chicken farm for sale, 206
pcres. Maple trees. Six rooms. MRS.
Sanderson, Rt. 10, Foxhill Road, Bernards-
ton, Mass.

WANTED TO buy or rent, poultry farm,
equipped for 1,500 or more layers. ADVER¬
TISER 2193, care Rural New-Yorker.

90 ACRES, 20 cleared, no buildings, $3,000.

Another parcel west of river, oak and
white pine woodlands. PROSSER, Middle
Island, Long Island.

SALE OR rent. Southern Vermont dairy
farm, buildings. Well watered. Stock and
tools. Immediate possession. 200 acres.
Owner, SOUTHLEA, Mt. Airy, Maryland.

SALE — Maryland farm, 182 acres, stock.

tools, 50 head registered Ayrshires, elec¬
tricity. Immediate possession. Ill health.
Owner, SOUTHLEA, Mt. Airy Maryland.

WANTED — Chicken farm, 1,000 layers, all
buildings A-l condition, house all im¬
provements, hard road; prefer Sullivan
County. Give full details. No brokers.
BURTNER, 22-28 125th St., College Point,
N. Y.

FOR SALE: Lanson’s Grist Mill and Feed
at Tidionte, Pa. on P. R. R. Good pay¬
ing business. C. A. LANSON, Tidionte, Pa.
or Tionesta, Pa.

DEER HUNTING, 306 acres, lease, sell;

above Mongaup. LARSSON-BECKMAN,
Ridgway, Penna.

FOR SALE: Account illness, 100 acre farm,
good buildings; good investment for the
future. ADVERTISER 2216, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 113 acre dairy-sugar farm; wood,
water, electricity. Price $2,200. FRED
KUTTLER, Lancaster, N. H.

ACREAGE — 35 acres, farm, chicken house;
' near village. Nice location. SHERER,
Ridgebury, N. Y.

LAND FOR camp, plenty deer, good fishing;
cheap. DAVID JOHNSTONE, Bethel, Vt.

EXCHANGE OR for sale, super-service gas
station in village on corner. Steam heated,
modern, 14 rooms; exchange for large
modern poultry farm. ADVERTISER 2219,
care Rural New-Yorker.

175 ACRE farm, 14 room house, built to
accommodate two families, modern con¬
veniences, poultry buildings and shore
property; located 2 miles from Route No. 1.
MARY J. ROBERTSON, R. F. D. No. 3,
Waldoboro, Maine.

TO RENT or lease on shares, small modern
farm, fully equipped, 70 acres all culti¬
vated, near Flemington, N. J. ADVERTISER
2233, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 195 aores, gravel road, modern
buildings, 26 head, equipped; $8,500, half
cash. BOX 3, R. D. 1., Schenevus, N. Y.

CONNECTICUT , RIVER valley stock or
dairy farm of 500 acres: 170 acres level
productive tillage, ample pasturage, wood
and timber, 10 room modern house. Five
tenant houses, 3 barns, stables for 137. 92

with drinking cups. Milk check July 1, 1940,
to July 1, 1941, $19,412.10. Can and have
made a ton of milk a day. Milking 60 cows
now. Price for real estate $20,000. Free
catalogue largest list of properties in
Southern New Hampshire. W. M. WILSON,
Ball Block, Keene, N. H.

WANTED — Rent year round unfurnished
Northern Westchester preferred four
room cottage, bungalow or on estate, im¬
provements. PIKE, 30 Summit Ave., New
Rochelle, New York.

FOR SALE: 65 acre farm, hay, stream,
woods; good. $1,250. ADVERTISER 2229,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED 20 acres or more, within 100
miles New York City; must be reasonable.
JOHN LUST, 2416 38th Ave. Long Island
City, New York.

281-ACRE village dairy farm, Franklin
County, Massachusetts. Handy to city
markets and good community advantages. 2
houses, main dwelling contains 9 rooms,
bath, steam heat and electricity. 75 ft. bam,
2 ells, silos, stable with 32 tie ups and
room for 25 head of young stock, individual
drinking cups. Some needed repairs. $5,500.
Terms. FEDERAL LAND BANK, Spring-
field, Mass.

A SMALL farm, city conveniences-, fruit of
all kinds, shade and water. In the beauti¬
ful Shenandoah Valley, 3 miles from Court
House, on hard surface road. C. A.
DeVENNY, R. F. D. No. 5, Staunton, Va.

FOR SALE: Corner property, fine shade and
shrubbery. 11 room house, all conveni¬
ence; 2-car garage, and shop. S. M.
CARROLL, 44 Willis St., Penns Grove, N. J.

TO SETTLE estate, 100 acre village farm,
active grocery business and store build¬
ing on property included. Retail milk route.
All stock and machinery equipment. Modern
house, electricity throughout buildings.
Electric milking machine and refrigeration.
Sacrifice price. LOCK BOX 383, Goshen,
New York.

FOR SALE: Building, lot, near village on
Delaware River; good for home or summer
cottage. 135 miles from New York. ADVER¬
TISER 2234, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Five room cottage, garage,
chicken houses, gas electricity, one-half
acre; suburban. Near Lansing, Michigan.
$1,500; terms. Inquire C. THOMAS, R. D.
No. 5, Lockport, N. Y.

TEN ACRES, dirt road, no buildings, cellar
wall, well, apples, fishing; Cobleskill,
N. Y. $150 cash. ADVERTISER 2237, care
Rural New-Yorker.

KENT, CONNECTICUT, 2 acres, 6 room
house, garage, large brook; $2,500 or part
mortgage. HOWARD DWY, Ancram, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 75 acre farm with stock, 35
room boarding house equipped, improve¬
ments other buildings, excellent condition.
ROY HESS, Jeffersonville, N. Y.

WANTED — Small lots clean, light colored
beeswax. D. M. HINRICHS, Essex, Conn.

LOW RENT, Winter use, restful, comfort¬
able, furnished cabin. Adirondacks. Refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2244, care Rural New-
Yorker.

PRODUCTIVE 118 acre dairy farm, mostly
level alfalfa land, basement barn 114x30,
excellent 9 room house, all conveniences,
steam heat, oak floors, bordering village,
improved road, large stream, 30 head choice
Guernsey stock, horses, tools, crops. Not
an ordinary farm, but an outstanding home
and income dairy farm. $13,000: half cash.
EARL HAY, Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Ulster County, 25 acres meadow,
2 acres wood, trout brook, building lots,
new barn, electricity. $2,500; $500 cash. AD¬
VERTISER 2256, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Village farm, one-half acre or
more, bungalow, buildings, chickens,
garden. $3,000; one-half cash, terms. BOX
145, Bayshore, N. Y.

FOR SALE: General store in small town.
Northern Pennsylvania. Doing $40,000 busi¬
ness; will stand strict investigation. ADVER¬
TISER 2258, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR RENT: 10 acre chicken farm, modern
house, near Middletown, N. Y. $20 month.
Ask Wayler on premises. WAYLER, 1181
49th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

40 ACRES, paved road, 7 room house, bam,
electricity; $1,400; terms. 130 acre valley
farm, 10 room house, furnace, bath, elec¬
tricity, 2 barns, tenant house, 20 cows, team,
tractor, machinery; $8,800. Part cash.
STARKWEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta,
New York.

SALE — Mansion home, oak finish. Cost
$50,000, $5,000 one-half cash. Two acres,
fine spring, 2,000 ft. elevation. Route 6. $500.
50 mile view. I want 50 ewes. A. O. BLAKE,
Seelyville, Penna.

BUY FROM owner, little farm, or 10-30
acres land; % to !4 tillable, rest woods with
stream or spring; 80 miles from New York
City. Electricity desirable. Very reasonable.
Pay cash if possible. Write details.
CORNELIUS, 712 Fox St., New York City.

WANTED TO buy immediately, for use as
camp, at least 75 acres, partly wooded
with lake, within radius of 75 miles of
New York City. Property must be away
from main highway and not too near a
town. ADVERTISER 2279, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUNTRY STORE, average annual sales
$50,000. Cash required $5,000. GEORGE
COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

16 ACRES, 40 apple trees, 6 room cottage,
electricity; $2,200. 125 acres, woods, 4

acres apples, level and hilly, electricity at
door, 8 room cottage, small new bam; at¬
tractive terms. 140 acres, mostly level,
county road, attractive house and setting,
fair barns; $7,000, one-half cash. Farm
bordering Kinderhook Lake, 10 room house,
electricity, improvements. Barn could hold
3,000 hens. Acreage to suit purchaser. 220
acre farm, nearly level, good location,
fertile, stocked and equipped; $15,000,
$10,000 cash. 350 acre farm, Delaware
County, 55 cows, equipped; $18,000. Two
farms, 750 acres each, suitable for beef
cattle or dude ranch; $17,000 to $28,000.
Don’t write unless you have cash to meet
requirements. FRANK E. DRUMM, Niver-
ville, Columbia County, New York.

FOR SALE: Poultry farm, two acres, elec¬
tricity and running water. 600 laying
hens, modem six room bungalow; 15 miles
to Atlantic City. MRS. MACDONALD,
New Orleans Ave., Egg Harbor, N. J.

FARM FOR sale, about 70 acres, no build¬
ings, 20 acres under cultivation, springs,
brooks, orchard, wood, near ocean, 25 miles
from Boston on South Shore. BOX 102,
North Scituate. Mass.

STOCKED DAIRY farm of 235 acres in
Otsego County; good location near lake,
rich land, good buildings, brook, fruit,
woodland. Price $5,800, including 22 head
of stock, machinery and all crops. $900 down
payment. Others. MRS. CLAIRE PARSONS,
Burlington Flats, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 241 acre dairy farm near
Arcade, N. Y. Fine watered pasture land,
some woodland with maple and fir. Good
buildings, modern improvements. On main
highway. Land easy to cultivate. Will sell
with or without the dairy and equipment.
ADVERTISER 2284, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE — Long Island house for Florida
East Coast property. OWNER, 108-03 86th
St., Ozone Park, Long Island.

WANTED — Experienced couple for resi¬
dence on large purebred dairy farm.
Woman to do cooking and housework; man
to work in modern creamer^ or on dairy
farm. First class references required. M. J.
SHERIDAN, Jr., Blossom Hill Farm,

Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — A young man of experience in
feeding and milking registered Holstein-
Friesian cows. Must be a good milker and
teamster and does not smoke or drink and
can drive a car or truck and is experienced
in all lines of farm work. Will pay good
wages. ADVERTISER 2174, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED HERDSMAN wanted, to
take full charge of a foundation Holstein
herd. Must have experience with test cows
and herd management; $30 per week. Board
out. TRAENDLY’S ROWAYTON GREEN¬
HOUSES, Rowayton, Conn.

WANTED — Young woman, Protestant,
general housework, new home. $30 month,
private room, small family. Northern New
Jersey. ADVERTISER 2208, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man, experienced farming and
dairy. $45 and board or married man, no
children, $60 and modem house. Northern
New Jersey. ADVERTISER 2209, care Rural
New-Yorker.

STRONG MAN for general work around
farm. $20 monthly, room, board; no
liquor. References. B. ASCIONE, R. D 2,
Toms River, N. J.

EXPERIENCED FARMER, no cows; $30
monthly and keep. ADVERTISER 2214,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN OR boy wanted on small poultry
farm, $10 a month. MR. W. BERGHOFF,
Box 34, Winslow Rd., Williamstown, N. J.

” j. — ocveicu lima Dean picKers, ex¬
perience not necessary; 25 cents per bu
Starting August 18, lasting about 10 weeks.
DANIEL W. DICKERSON, Shelter Island,

WANTED — Single man for dairy farm.

Heated room, shower, good board. Write
giving telephone number, stating age and
salary expected. Good references required.
PP , hot „ apply personally or telephone.
SHELDONCROFT FARM. Bethlehem, Conn.

WANTED HERDSMAN, YOUMANS FARMS
New Scotland, N. Y.

wain UED — White girl, general houseworker.

Three adults. Reply, E. L. GREENBERG,
23 Mam St., Westport, Conn.

GIRL WANTED, over 21 years old, no ex¬

perience necessary; waitress, tea room.
$5 week, room, board and tips. Steady year
around. GREEN GABLES, Bradford, N H

COUPLE — Handy man, caretaker, general

up keep Hudson River estate. Wife em¬
ployed Summei only. Two days laundry
weekly, daily light chamber work. Perma¬
nent. $70. Cottage, allowance, electricity,
facilities raising stock independently.
AD\ ERTISER 2218, care Rural New-Yorker.

COppf-E! — Cook, laundress; houseman, care
of lawn. Country village, 52 miles from
New York City. $100 a month. MRS.
HENRY H. WELLS, Brewster, N Y
Telephone 2090.

COUPLE— -Woman to do general housework

and cooking. Man must be handy to work
around estate, doing gardening, general re¬
pairing, and drive car. Ideal home con¬
ditions and attractive offer to a couple well
recommended Write P. O. BOX 274,
Wyckoff, N. J.

60 ACRE farm, tools, team, hay, good 8
room house, barn, other buildings. $1,700;
$1,200 cash. Many other stocked and un¬
stocked farms, all sizes. EARL HAY,
Oneonta, N. Y.

ORANGE COUNTY, near Middletown, N. Y.

For sale, good dairy and poultry farm,
good buildings, brook; $5,900. Also dairy
farm with milk route; owner died. General
store, gas station and Post Office. “DOC”
BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Free list..

MODERN POULTRY farm in Hudson Valley,
capacity 30,000 chickens. R. B. ERHART,
Pleasant Valley, N. Y., or Archer, 10 East
43rd St., New York City.

FOR RENT: Furnished county home, im¬
provements; 8 acres land, garage, hen
house. Kingston 30 miles; Route 28.
JOHN ENNIST. Delhi, N. Y.

FOR SALE or exchange, 800 acres in
Adirondacks, two million feet of timber,
private lake, cabin, surveyed, southeast of
Lake George. $6,400; easy terms. ADVER¬
TISER 2247, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE FOR small farm, 6 family
house; income $1,080. ERDOSI, 74 Fourth
Ave., Albany, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 61 acres, good, level land; easy
payments. Christian party preferred.
MARY FRANKFATHER, R. D. 1, Branch-
port, N. Y.

WILL LEASE for long term, 5 room modern
home, new, every improvement, 25 acres
wood land, tractor and all tools. $10 per
month. BOX 13, East Windham, Greene
County, New York. Phone Windham 58 F 2.

POOR HEALTH reason for sale, good farm
with good buildings; good milk market;
near Worcester. WENDELL JONES, Sutton,
Massachusetts.

WANTED TO buy, small country home on
good road, no improvements necessary.
Low priced for cash. Send full description.
ADVERTISER 2252, care Rural New-Yorker.

TWO ACRES, good soil, frontage on two
highways, one concrete. South Shore
Long Island, 35 miles from New York. Six
room stucco house, modern conveniences,
two car garage, housing for 500 chickens.
Giant oaks and maples, lovely lawns, hedges
and shrubbery; two miles from village.
ADVERTISER 2253, care Rural New-Yorker.

BERGEN COUNTY, New Jersey, 7 acres,
modern 7 room house, newly decorated,
stone fireplace, screened porch, two-car
garage, oil heat, extra lavatory, beautiful
lawns, perennial flower garden, trees, woods.
Fully equipped chicken buildings, capacity
2,000 layers. Two electric incubators, 5,300
and 1.600 capacity. WELLS, Reeds Lane,
Woodcliff Lake, N. J.

SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS: 50 acres,
springs, streams, accessible to state road,
electricity. $1,000; terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

GENERAL FARM: 50 acres, modernized
Colonial 6 room home, cow and horse
barn, silo, poultry houses, garage. Good
location. Low taxes. Price $4,700; terms.
O. S. JANSEN. Wallkill, N. Y.

300 FERTILE acres, 200 tillable, balance
pasture and woods. Estimated 120,000 ft.
principally white oak. 500 cords wood. 75
miles to New York City. Ideal stock farm.
Price $7,500; terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill,
New York.

Help Wanted

POULTRYMAN — Protestant. Write stating
age. height, weight, experience and salary
expected. ADVERTISER 2088, care Rural
New-Yorker.

i VUltlVJ man iG rtbbibl «JI1

smali poultry and dairy farm in Eastern
Virginia; must have clean habits and good
references. ADVERTISER 2225, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARM WORKER, live on separate farm,
have complete use of 5 room house.
Family man. Good wages. Must have poultry
experience. JOSEPH RUBENSTEIN, Farm-
mgdale. New Jersey.

COOK, HOUSEWORKER; must, be experi¬

enced. $60. Permanent position with con¬
siderate Christian family. Two miles from
village. Two adults, 4 children. Write giving
references, color, age. experience. JULIEN
CORNELL, Central Valley, N. Y.

WANTED — Single, experienced, machine

man for three-time milking DeLaval ma¬
chine and Holstein cattle. The best of living
and working conditions. State wages in
first letter. GREENWOOD FARM, HuLrne-
ville, Bucks County, Penna.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $50 and board. Write age, refer¬
ence, experience, weight, height. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville N. J.

WANTED AT once, single men on cauli-

flower farm. No milking. $50 a month and
board. FRANK TODD, Stamford, N. Y.

MAN. WHITE, handy with tools, some
fowl, some sheep, lawns, flowerbeds;
private room and bath; country place near
Trenton, N. J. Good home, steady job; no
liquor, no smoking; good wages. State refer¬
ences last five years. ROOM 2009, 51

Madison Ave., New York City.

WANTED — Handyman; $30 monthly and
board. BOX 102. Commack, Long Island.

WANTED IN Massachusetts, responsible
couple. Man must be first class' farmer
and understand Jersey cattle. Wife must
be first class cook and housekeeper, no
washing. All modern equipment both on
farm and house. Excellent room and private
bath. Good position for honest, hard work¬
ing couple. $100 per month. ADVERTISER
2157, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man, experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milker. Also man to
work in dairy; good wages. Apply or write
immediately. ALVAN G. LIPPINCOTT,
Swedesboro, N. J.

urotestant. Country. Family of two adults
Modern conveniences; extra help laundry
and cleaning. Good home for right person.
STEVENS, R. F. D. 44-A, Suffern, N. Y

WANTED — Caretaker goat dairy; room,
board. State experience, wages. EX¬
CELSIOR GOAT FARM, Port Murray, N. J.

NURSEMAID. WHITE, for three boys, 7,
5, 3; light housework, waiting table.

Country. Morristown, New Jersey. $65. AD¬
VERTISER 2238, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING MANAGER for dairy farm,
married; take full charge. State age, ex¬
perience, salary or share basis. References.
ADVERTISER 2239, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED COUPLE, complete charge
of dairy farm near Cooperstown, N. Y.
Milk 24 cows, electric milking; 8 room
house, 4 rooms furnished. State salary ex¬
pected, experience and references. WILLIAM
SEUFERT, P. O. Box 303, Greenwich, Conn.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

CAPABLE PERSON for general housework.

Pleasant surroundings, all conveniences.
MRS. D. J. RIDINGS, Fayetteville, N. Y.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 485 .

' " .

' , ■ , 6 W'

FMIIKM

JNDUST

_ y. _ • _

9 THRILLING DAYS

YOU’LL see colorful new versions of all your
Fair favorites . . . horse racing, Lucky Teter,
auto racing, the Gay White Way, farm, home, wild
life and industrial exhibits. You’ll see scores of new
events, too . . . Rodeo, the National Horse Pulling
Contest — the spectacular Ice Show . . . and the
beautiful Jones Beach and Niagara Falls dioramas
direct from the World’s Fair. You’ll find a thousand
exciting things to see and do at the gay, colorful, ’41
Fair. Don’t miss the thrills waiting for you on the
exciting Fairgrounds — gloriously decorated with
$500,000 worth of spectacular World’s Fair lighting
equipment and dioramas.

STATE FAIR

SYRACUSE, N.Y.

AUG. 24
& SEPT. 1

Don't Miss the

CIRCUS ON ICE

at the '41 Fair

It’s winter in August at the Coli¬
seum ! Come and enjoy tlje sparkle,
grace and beauty of the brilliant four-
day ice revue — “Circus on Ice.” Lav¬
ishly produced to give you all the
comedy and the color of a circus.
Hazel Franklin heads a colorful cast
of forty skating stars. Keep cool in the
Coliseum at the matinee and evening
performances, Friday through Mon¬
day, August 29th to September 1st,
inclusive.

★ $750,000 in Premiums

★ National Horse-Pulling Contest

★ Rodeo

★ Lucky Teter

★ Grand Circuit
Harness Horse Races

★ Championship Auto Races

★ Mammoth Defense Show

★ Piano Festival

★ Religious Services

★ New Conservation Building

★ Sparkling Grandstand Show

★ World’s Fair Dioramas

★ Yankee Cottage ( Model Home)

Vol. C.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Bural Publishing Co.,
333 W. 30th St.. New York. Prioe Fifty Cents a Year.

September 6, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936. at the Post
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

No. 5511

Alon& Maine’s Famous Rockbound Coast

H. & D. Van Alter, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

490

When Should Apples be Picked ?

By E. Stuart Hubbard

This question has often been answered in
general terms by describing certain signs of
fruit development, such as, the color of the
seeds, the amount of red :o ir, the change
in ground color, skin pressure tests, mellow¬
ness of flesh, development of flavor, and
looseness of stem. Such signs are useful but
to be really effective must be used in com¬
bination with such practical considerations
as the size and color of fruit demanded for
special use or market, the time required for
fruit in transit or storage, the danger of loss
from winds, the shortage of labor, the danger
of freezing, and the tendency of fruit to drop
because of varietal or cultural conditions.

Each variety matures at a certain time each
season in relation to other varieties. This may
vary as much as two weeks^rom year to year
according to calendar date, depending on
earliness or lateness of the season. Hot
weather at picking time may hasten, and cool
weather may delay, and so the grower can¬
not go by calendar date but must judge by
the apples themselves, from day to day, when
to pick for the intended use.

Each variety must have a certain amount
of color to comply with legal grades. The
reds and yellows may be dull and unattrac¬
tive before the apple is fully grown or ma¬
tured and yet it may meet the requirements
of the grade. This immature con¬
dition may be desired for qertain
cooking uses or shipping and
storing conditions. Usually, how¬
ever, the best in flavor for cook¬
ing and eating raw comes with
changes in the green or yellow
ground color to creamy or warmer
tones and in red to brighter, deep¬
er hues. The demand is for green
Greenings, yellow Golden Delici¬
ous, red-and-greenish Baldwins
for cooking, and red-and-creamy-
pink Baldwins for eating. Further,
there is the matter of trade size
demands. The demand is for larg¬
er size than formerly. Pie bakers
and housewives have learned that
it is better economy not to use
apples smaller than 214 inches,
and that 2% and 3 -inch apples
are quickly prepared and with less
waste than the smaller sizes. Americans wish
for larger apples for dessert and decoration
than do their English cousins. We must, there¬
fore, let the apples grow until they reach the
best sizes, if possible, before they become too
tender or lose cooking or keeping quality- or
drop from the tree.

In former years, when there was demand
for all sizes, colors and grades of apples, it
was customary to start picking as soon as
the average apples of the variety approached
maturity or threatened to drop and to pick
all the apples from all the trees as fast as
posssible. The small and the poorly colored
were sorted from the large and well colored
and sold to those who could use them.

Nowadays the demand is so lacking for
small, green, immature apples that they rarely
sell for enough to pay for the cost of picking
and marketing. It has been learned that these
undesirable apples will grow and color so
as to be marketable if left on the tree when
the larger, more mature ones are removed.
Sometimes it pays to make two or three pick¬
ings with a variety which will cling to the
tree if the demand is for large, red apples.
The Joint Fruit Committee of Western New
York reports such selective picking of the
larger, riper fruits to be one of the ways by
which profitable apple production may be
achieved.

Each variety has its special problems, as
illustrated by R. I. Greening, Wealthy,
McIntosh and Cortland.

R. I. Greening — Some growers who have
found Greenings under 2% inches to return
when stored little, if any, more than the cost
of picking and marketing, have solved the
problem by picking only 2% inch and larger
apples. Starting before McIntosh, the trees
are relieved of the larger apples. Two or
three weeks later most of the remaining
apples, having swelled to 214 inches or larger,
are picked. Those still under size are left

lh* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

until danger of freezing makes it prudent to
pick them or to shake them for juice, if there
is a paying market.

Wealthy. ; — The demand calls for 214 inch
or larger Wealthy for both cooking and eat¬
ing. In recent years it has been impossible
to get back the cost of production when
smaller sizes are marketed. There is a dearth
of red eating apples at Wealthy time. It is
proving to be a good practice to pick Wealthy
several times so as to secure the sizes and
color that bring the highest price.

McIntosh. — McIntosh is essentially an eat¬
ing apple. Those specimens that are so un¬
attractive in size and color that they cannot
be sold at good eating apple prices may be
sold for cooking, but at low prices. It is,
therefore, most desirable to pick only the
largest, reddest McIntosh as soon as a fair
portion of the crop or certain early trees are
fit, and to leave the small and unattractive
apples to grow and improve in color and
flavor. The new hormone sprays make this
much safer practice by preventing excessive
dropping.

Cortland. — Cortland has the habit of pro¬
ducing well-colored apples even on the in¬
side of the trees if they are well pruned. It
is often advantageous to start picking the
better-colored Cortlands from special trees
or from the south sides before the whole crop
is creamy in ground color. It is surprising
how soon the average tree will color its apples

Peonies Respond to Good Soil and Culture.

so that the majority of the crop can be taken
at one picking. The apples that were left
on the trees that were first picked can be
taken when the last full trees are cleaned of
all but the undersized and green fruit.

Hormone sprays may hold apples on the
trees until they grow large or red without
risk of dropping. They may, however, be¬
come too ripe if left too long before picking.
If apples are picked too soon they are liable
to shrivel or scald in cold storage; if picked
too late they may develop internal breakdown.

In conclusion, there is a surplus of apples
that are suitable only for cooking and salads.
There is a shortage of beautiful eating apples.
Profit comes from the harvesting of each
variety when it has developed the most de¬
sirable size and quality. A smaller picking
crew is required when apples are picked for
size and color, because of earlier starting and
later finishing. Small, unattractive apples
often remain in stores for weeks unwanted
and unsold. Were larger, better apples
offered in their place, the movement would
be much faster and at better prices.

Peonies for Fall Planting

Fall is here ,and once again the time has
come to plant Peonies. No hardy flower is
better adapted to the farm garden or the yard
about the farmhouse than this perennial
favorite. Comparatively inexpensixe in cost,
easy to grow, so hardy that it will survive
the most rigorous Winters, it is one of the
most satisfying investments the thrifty farm
wife can make when she visits or receives a
call from her local nurseryman. The plants
have been known to last through several
generations, and, often by some deserted old
home place, they are seen in lovely display
long after the occupants of the dwelling
have scattered to the winds.

September 6, 1941

Planting the peony and the care of it after¬
ward are fairly simple compared with the
cultivation of most flowers. The present month
and its successor, October, offer the most
satisfactory period of the whole year for set¬
ting out the roots. Spring planting has been
tried with much success, but the fact remains
that when it is done in the Autumn months,
the root growth is not disturbed just before
the blooming season.

The peony distinctly prefers the sun, so
choose your place accordingly. While it has
been known to grow in partial shade, plant¬
ing under heavy trees or against house walls
or where peonies have been growing before
is not recommended.

Like most plants, the peony responds to
good treatment and this applies to the soil
in which it is planted. If the latter is rich and
deep, little fertilization will be needed. If the
soil is poor and shallow, however, some well-
rotted manure or a compound of bone meal
and wood ashes can be mixed through it.
Caution should be used about too free use of
manure, as contact with the roots may cause
scabbiness or “black rot.”

When the farm wife receives her plants
from the nurseryman, she is often surprised
to find they are not “bushes” as so many of
the unknowing expect, but comparatively
small roots with fleshy off-shoots. At the top
there are usually three or four pink or white
buds, which the nurseryman calls “eyes.”

Now that the actual job of
planting is in order, large-sized
holes should be dug, 2% feet wide
at least and 2 feet deep, as the
roots spread both outward and
downward. Each hole should be
partially filled with the best earth
obtainable, and in this the plant
should be set, with the soil firmed
around the roots (preferably with
your fingers), so that the buds or
“eyes” are about 2 inches below
the ground. But the buds should
never be deeper than 3 inches;
otherwise, you may have reason
to wonder why your plant is so
slow to get started when Spring
comes.

The later care is a simple
matter. For the first Winter a light
covering of mulch (some growers
advise against the use of manure)
or dry leaves should be applied, but this will
not be necessary in later years. In May com¬
mercial growers disbud their plants, leaving
only one or two blossoms to a stem, but with
an old favorite like Le Cygne where the
blooms are in clusters, this seems quite un¬
necessary. In gathering a bouquet for the
house, it is a wise practice not to cut too low,
but to leave a stem with at least two leaf
stalks. After the plant is through blooming,
wait until late in the Fall and the leaves start
to turn brown before cutting off the foliage.
For some time after flowering, root growth
and bud formation goes on underground, and
the leaves have a part in this.

Anybody who knows anything at all about
peonies must be aware of how huge these
plants can grow in time. Perhaps the gener¬
ous farm wife may wish to share her floral
glory with envious neighbors. How is she to
go about dividing her peonies? This task is
simpler than it would first appear. It can be
done as early as the third season after plant¬
ing, though many will prefer to wait five or
six years in order to give the root size.

By using a spade and digging deeply all
around the root, the plant can, by gentle pry¬
ing, be lifted out of the ground. Very gently the
dirt can be shaken from the root, and the ends
of the very long shoots should be cut off. Then,
with the use of a sharp knife, the root may
be divided. Care should be taken, however,
that at least two or three vigorous-looking
buds and a healthy root growth are part of
each division. Each of these sections is a new
peony plant.

Prices for peonies may range anywhere
from 25 cents to $25 and up. Their cost largely
depends on the rarity of the variety and how
recently it was originated. But it is a fact that
some of the older introductions that can now
be bought for under a dollar compare favor¬
ably, and even surpass the modern varieties.

New York p. v. h.

Ibt RURAL NEW-YORKER

491

The Potato Industry in New York

New York State stands second in the value
of its potato crop, being exceeded only by
the State of Maine.

The State is divided into three distinct
commercial areas of production, Long Island,
the various muck areas up-State, and the up¬
state up-land areas. Time of planting, and
harvesting, yields per acre and methods of
handling the crop vary considerably in these
different areas. /

On Long Island, especially in Suffolk
County, near the eastern end of the county,
the production of potatoes is the principal
enterprise on a large number of the farms.
Acreages are generally large, often taking up
nearly the entire farm. Here, potatoes have
been grown on the same soils year after year
with the yields generally improving instead
of deteriorating as many expect where this
practice is followed. Of course, tne best
known cultural practices are followed in
growing these potatoes. The best seed obtain¬
able is used. This is generally certified seed
brought in from areas where certified seed
can be easily produced. The seed is then
treated to eliminate all seed borne disease
organisms. The soil is well fitted and treated
with a heavy application of commercial
fertilizer. One to one and a half tons are
not uncommon. The seed is planted as early
as the soil is thought to be warm enough to
start the growth. Frequent cultivation is
practiced just as long as it is feasible to work
between the vines. In the past, two varieties
only have been important, the early Irish
Cobbler and the later Green Mountain. At
the present time, some of the recently de¬
veloped varieties, such as the medium early
Chippewa variety, are fast growing in favor
on account of their striking appearance and
their heavy yielding ability.

It is generally believed that about 30 per
cent of the potatoes on Long Island are of
the Irish Cobbler variety, 10 per cent
Chippewas, Katahdins, Bliss Triumphs; etc.
and about 60 per cent Green Mountains. The
newer varieties appear to be replacing some
of the Green Mountains which are more
sensitive to soils, climates, etc.

The potato is a native of high altitudes
where at least a portion of the 24 hours is
cool. To approach this as near as possible on
Long Island, it is necessary to plant as early
as possible. More insects and diseases affect
the potato here and also more severely than
in its native surroundings. Hence, it is neces¬
sary to protect the plants from these enemies
as much as possible. This is done by frequent
spraying with poisons and fungicides through¬
out the growing period of the plants.

Harvesting of the potatoes on Long Island
usually starts the latter part of July, if the
prices of potatoes are good at that time and
is accomplished by the use of the latest one
and two row potato diggers. If the price is
good enough, the potatoes may be shipped
by rail to New York or other cities, if the
distance is gi*eat, or trucked to market if not
too far out from the City. Some are also
loaded in boats for Bermuda and the islands
of the West Indies.

Should the growers think that there was
a good chance for the markets to improve,
they can leave their potatoes in the ground
until later or they can place them in store¬
houses to ^wait a later market. Freezing
weather comes late on Long Island so the
growers have a long season to harvest their
crop if they so desire.

While the potatoes on Long Island are re¬
ported as late potatoes, they are really inter¬
mediate potatoes being in season with the
potatoes from New Jersey, and the Eastern
Shores of Maryland and Virginia. Potatoes on
Long Island generally yield much higher than
the potatoes in the remainder of the State',
often about twice the State average.

The next sections in the State, to come
into production, are the numerous muck areas.
The earliest of the potatoes here are usually
only a little later than those from Long Island.
The warm black soil with adequate moisture
and plant food brings them along ver^ rapidly.
Irish Cobblers, Rurals, Katahdins, and a few
minor varieties make up the muck potatoes.
Very heavy yields are the general rule with
the muck potatoes. Close planting with large
amounts of seed is practiced to keep the

sizes from running too large. Heavy growth
of vines is generally obtained on account of
the high nitrogen content of the soil. When
the vine growth is about complete, the tops
of the vines present a very even, level appear¬
ance with no breaks between the rows. Spray
rigs at this time often break the vines badly
in getting the necessary spraying done.
Planting is done as early as it is possible to
work the soil. To prevent frosts from in¬
juring the young plants after they have just
come through the ground, the plants are
covered by running a ridge of muck over
them. At harvest time the white potatoes
present a very pretty sight lying thick on
the black soil.

Methods of treating seed, planting, fertiliz¬
ing, cultivating and spraying are similar Jiere
to what they are through the other potato
areas and the obtaining of good certified, or
near certified seed, is just as important.

Since the muck areas are scattered through¬
out the State, the problem of distribution and
marketing is more simplified. Often truckers
take all of the early potatoes harvested and
transport them to the nearby markets of New
York, Rochester, Syracuse, Buffalo, Utica and
any other consuming centers needing potatoes.

Not many years ago, the muck potatoes
were discriminated against on account of their
dusky appearance and the belief that they
were not of as good quality as the up-land
potatoes. This opinion has gradually worn
away until some consumers have come to pre¬
fer the muck potatoes to the others. Muck
potatoes are in good demand on our markets
at the present time. Potatoes on the muck-
lands usually give a good account of them¬
selves in yields. Some extremely high yields
have been obtained.

Potatoes are grown on the majority of the
up-land farms of the State but commercially
in only a relatively few sections. Some of the
most important potato growing counties are
Steuben, Monroe, Erie, Franklin, Allegany,
Genesee, Wyoming. Cultural practices here
are as a whole less intensive than either on
Long Island or on the mucklands. Less cer¬
tified seed is used; less fertilizer is applied;
fewer sprayings are done, and smaller yields
are obtained on the average. Costs are less
and the results are poorer. When the season
is poor, they have less to lose. Their risks
are less.

Some of the up -land growers do grow
potatoes intensively, practicing the best
methods known. The final outcome has been
much increased under these methods. The
more intensive growers believe their methods
■pay.

Within the past few years some potato
growers from a neighboring State, where
very intensive potato growing methods have
been practiced for years, have come to one
of our well known potato growing counties
and have been practicing the methods used
in the highly commercial section from which
they came. Excellent results are reported
from their efforts indicating that more in¬
tensive methods will produce much greater
results. As to profits, it will take more than
one or two years to determine which methods
pay the best.

In 1939, the hard land up-State potatoes
amounted to about 16,773,000 bushels on
162,275 acres or an average yield per acre
of 103 bushels.

Except in Northern
New York and at some
of the higher altitudes,
varieties of the Rural
New-Yorker type of
potato are by far the
most common.

For the State as a
whole, the potato acre¬
age declined from
about 476,000 acres in
1894 to about 211,000
acres in 1939. Produc¬
tion in 1939 amounted
to about 26,797,000
bushels or an average
of 127 bushels per
acre for the entire
State including Long
Island. Ray Huey

New York

Start Home Fruit Garden this Fall

Every farm should have an abundance of
fresh fruits to eat in season and enough to
can and preserve for winter use. Our “perma-
ment” garden, as we call it, has asparagus,
strawberries, r; spberries, blackberries, rhu¬
barb and grapes. We cannot have currants
and gooseberries because of restrictions in
relation to the white pine blister rust.

In the last nine years, we’ve discovered a
few pointers about a farm’s permanent garden
that may be of help to farm families. First,
Fall is an excellent time to start fruits. The
roots get established and the plants are ready
to make an early start in the Spring. We now
set our strawberries in September or early
October. The runners set the new plants the
following Summer, and the next Spring we
harvest our crop. We find that fancier berries
are produced by lotting the plants bear just
one season.

Second, nothing will ever make up the
handicap of poorly prepared soil. If you set
aside a certain section of the kitchen garden
area for fruits, it well repay the effort of going
over the soil with a spading fork and throw¬
ing out all the roots and stones. If the spot
is infested with witch grass or quack grass,
it is absolutely essential to do this. I know
from bitter experience. Witch grass mixed
with asparagus, raspberries, and blackberries
is an impossible situation. A careful spading
will get out all the roots and then you can
really take care of the soil. If all our culti¬
vated plants had the vitality and persistence
of witch grass, how good it would be!

Third, set the rows wide enough apart so
that the cultivation can be done with the horse
cultivator. It’s a lot easier to do the major
work with Dobbin than it is by pushing a
hand cultivator.

Fourth, we think it pays to confine the rasp¬
berries and blackberries by running a wire
along each side of the hedge row, three feet
from the ground. It makes it easier to culti¬
vate and to keep out the weeds. All the
hundreds of suckers that appear in the row
must be ruthlesssly cut down. It seems cruel,
but it is the only way to keep these brambles
under control. Each Winter I go through the
rows and cut out all weak-looking canes.

Haydn S. Pearson

Out Nassau — Suffolk Way

p ^ • - _ Photo — Marie Essipoff Terryville L

Above. Good specimen of a grade milk goat kid. The dam is three-auart
i>aanan, bred to a purebred Saanan buck. Below : Three interested verst

examine a Long Island harvest.

492

Vht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

made on BEACON Test Cow Ration!

Bournedale Princess Coronet owned by Julia Dyckman
Andrus Memorial Inc., Bournedale Guernseys, Yonkers,
N. Y. Miss Muriel K. Hill, Mgr. Princess Coronet has been on
the Beacon Feeding Program since she was a calf.

iJERE is the new world’s 4-year-
" "old record for butterfat in the
Guernsey Class CC made by
Bournedale Princess Coronet —
1,019.3 pounds of biltterfat,
18,859.8 pounds of milk in 365
days. This is her third consecutive
record made on Beacon Test Cow
Ration. Her complete records are
as follows:

Class

GG (2-year -old!
EE (3-year-old;
CC (4-year-old)

Pounds of Pounds of
Milk Butterfat

* 11,236.9 582.0

15,073.1 764.0

18,859.8 1,019.3

More Profit from Your Cows

Although Beacon Test Cow
Ration has helped make many

records, its chief purpose is to help
YOU get more milk from your
cows . . . while helping you main¬
tain the health of your herd. For
here’s a ration developed by Bea¬
con Research to help build up the
flesh and body reserves of your
cows — a proved ration scientifi¬
cally geared to meet the needs of
cows during long periods of high
production. Beacon Test Cow
Ration is a bulky, palatable and
safe feed. Contains 4%% fat, 18%
protein, 9% fibre. Let your local
Beacon Dealer supply you today.

THE BEACON MILLING CO., INC.

Cayuga, N. Y.

BEBIOn

BHBBBSBai

DAIRY RATIONS

ding ccm be produced at just a lew cents
a ton. Run your com bundles through a
NEW IDEA Husker-Shredder and it will
shred and blow the fodder into mow or

TXtAdl w

Out ofi 'yplVL CerUt!

« V-

Shredded com fodder for feed and bed-

AND

SIX-ROLL

MODELS

YORKWIN WHEAT (white)
NURED WHEAT (red)

RYE and other seasonal seeds £or
August and September sowing.
Headqitiarters for Quality Farm Seeds.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGR0WER

Box B, Honeoye Falls, N. Y.

FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY
AND BLUEBERRY PLANTS

FOR FALL PLANTING: Complete
Line, Apple, Peach, Pear, Cherry
and other fruit and nut trees;
blueberry, boysenberry, strawberry,
raspberry, grape and asparagus
plants: flowering shrubs, shade trees
and evergreens. Selling direct with
a 75 years experience, we guarantee
satisfaction. Send for free catalogue.
S^Tmd^Nurseries, Box R 91 A, Princess' Anne, Md.

BLUEBERRIES

FOR FALL PLANTING: Finest plants obtainable.

From reliable grower to YOU.

Ti'rpfi Folder. HOUSTON, HANOVER, MASS.

Delmarva

Earlier hopes for a tomato crop
large enough to satisfy government
requirements are now definitely
dashed. Showers have kept all
crops, including tomatoes, from being
total faliurej all this season but the
land remains dry. Drought damage
extends to ripening fruit in the case
of tomatoes; black heart and black
end are directly caused by insuffi¬
cient moisture. A considerable per¬
centage of otherwise desirable fruit
shows such damage and must be dis¬
carded. In our best tomato sections,
those with black soils of the Talbot
series, about half a crop will be
taken to the canneries. Other sec¬
tions will not do nearly as well.

Watermelons are moving in vol¬
ume, averaging two weeks late. There
is a half crop in numbers, not more
than a third of a crop in tonnage.
Price has by no means made up for
the short crop occasioned by in¬
sufficient moisture and insect damage
though it has averaged above recent
low price years. Large melons are
in keen demand but nobody has any.
Very few patches have cut more than
30 melons weighing more than 20
pounds each from an acre. Bulk of
the marketable yield has run close
to 15 pounds. A lot of melons have
ripened well below 10 pounds, and
have been left to rot, buyers refusing
to handle them though most have
been very sweet and fine flavored.
On August 20 melons sold at a mid¬
peninsula block at as low as three
cents and as high as 22 cents apiece,
luck apparently having more to do
with the price paid than anything
else except in extremely low in¬
stances. Unwanted varieties sold at
3-4 cents.

Our peach orchards have produced
a good crop of well colored fruit.
Price is fair for sizable stock but
much is going to waste. Weather has
forced ripening beyond the capacity
of available help. Peaches will not
travel at all if they start to soften
before pickers reach them. Such
stock must be- used at home or it is
lost. Some fortunate town house¬
wives have bought soft peaches at
15 cents a half bushel. These are
perfect for canning, needing little
sugar and being of very fine flavor.
Long unused Mason jars are being
hunted out and filled again. Despite
every effort too many excellent
peaches are going back to the dust
without doing any one any good on
the way. Just so much creative
energy wasted. Though each wel¬
come thunder shower brings its wind
gust comparatively little fruit has
been wind ruined so far this year.
None would have been if help had
been sufficiently available. C.

Good Tobacco Crop

We raise a superior grade of
tobacco for cigar wrappers in the
Deerfield and Connecticut River
Valleys here in Western Massachu¬
setts. I am glad to report that we
are having a bumper crop of high
grade tobacco- this year. I am send¬
ing you a photograph of a tobacco
field on the Deerfield Valley farm
of John Michalak, Shelburne Falls,
Mass.; also a picture of tobacco
hanging in a tobacco barn to dry,
on the farm owned by Charles
Zalenski, also in Shelburne Falls,
Mass. R. c. w.

Massachusetts.

September 6, 1941

Big Doings at Jersey Fair

Plans for the New Jersey State
Fair have been completed and an
interesting program has been pre¬
pared for each day of the State’s
big Farm and Livestock Show. Fire¬
men’s Day will be one of the features
of the Fair which will open on
Sept. 21 and close Sept. 27.

Many other features are also being
arranged for Fair Week. The Granges
will select a Harvest Queen on
Wednesday, September 24; Thursday,
September 25, will be Governor’s
Day and Friday, September 26,
National Defense Day.

Lucky Teter will open the Fair on
September 21 and also perform on
Children’s Day, September 22. There
will be trotting and pacing races on
September 23, 24, 25, and 26, and
the midget car drivers will be on
hand on Saturday, September 27.

In addition to these excellent pro¬
grams, other attractive features will
include many fine exhibits of flowers,
fruits, vegetables, poultry and farm
livestock of all kinds. Many special
exhibits, prepared by local com¬
munity and county Granges, the
State Farm Bureau, County 4-H Boys
and Girls Agricultural Clubs, College
Agricultural Extension Service, and
the State Commission for the Blind.

New Jersey J. W. Wilkinson

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, SEPT. 6, 1941
FARM TOPICS

In Tune With the Times . 495

Farmers and Their Crops . 497

15 Ways to Save Gasoline . 608

HORTICULTURE

When Should Apples Be Picked? .... 490

Peonies for Fall Planting . 490

The Potato Industry in New York .... 491
Start Home Fruit Garden this Fall .... 491
How Has the Harvest Spray Behaved? 494

Plants for Northern N. H . 508

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Don't Neglect the Dry Cow . 493

Graft in the Buffalo Area . 497

Feed Dealer Approves . 497

Maryland My Maryland . 498

Crossbred Pigs . 499

Possible Navel Infection . 499

Price for Pasture . 499

Treatment of Garget . 499

Challenge to Dairymen . 505

WOMAN AND HOME
The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet Contest .. 500

From the Little Brown House . 500

Vinegar for Pickles . 500

Recipes From Maine . 600

Dental Decay . 501

THE HENYARD

Select Pullets Carefully . 603

MISCELLANEOUS

Our Great Democracy . 496

Lead Us Not Into Temptation . 496

Market News and Prices . 505

Publisher’s Desk . 506

stack at the same time that it delivers
the cleanly husked ears on the wagon.
Two sizes: 4-roll, capacity 25 to 45 bu.
per hr.; 6-roll, capacity 60 to 90 bu, per hr.

Finest modern construction.
Separate snapping and husking
rolls. Require little power.
Work efficiently with small

crews. Ask your dealer
or write.

iNTED — 10,000 Balsam Christmas trees 6*10 fi¬
ll pay five cents a foot for first c’ass trces
ivered Rocky Hill. Ordinary run of Balsam
wanted. If you can furnish good single
es that can stand inspection, write.
RDNER’S NURSERIES, ROCKY HILL, CONN.

_ Beet Varieties. Catalog TYee.

rawberry riants Bali! Perry, Georgetown, Del.

HERE can I dig Laurel and Rhododendron?
Write to Nurseryman, Box 317, Chappaqua, N. Y.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in your address
rect to us and not through your mail car¬
er or postmaster. The Post Office Depart-
ent no longer permits delivery of mail in-
irrectly addressed and magazines and news-
ipers will not he forwarded. Please notify
3 at once of any error in the address label
i your It. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

A Good Tobacco Crop in Western Massachusetts.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

493

Don’t Neglect the Dry Cow

In far too many instances the most
neglected animal on the American
farm is the dry cow. Why this is so,
is hard to understand. The dry cow
is a pregnant cow and therefore,
should be considered in a delicate
condition and deserving of every
care and attention that it is possi¬
ble to give her. Perhaps because the
dry cow is considered to be in a
non-productive state, it is felt that
only scanty rations can be afforded.
The farmer who thinks in such terms
is either unaware of the true facts
involved, or is willfully casting them
aside, in order, at the moment, to
save a dollar or two in feed outlay.

The fellow who fails to dry off
his cows at least eight weeks before
they are due to calve is likewise
“hoodwinking” himself. No matter
how much milk the animal may be
producing eight weeks prior to calv¬
ing, she must be dried off at this
time if she is to be expected to pro¬
duce a decent calf and give milk in
the coming year in the quantity of
which she is inherently capable.
There is no trick nowadays in dry¬
ing off a cow. Merely stop milking
completely whenever the dry or
rest period is to start. After this
last milking, wash and dry the teats
and dip in collodion or “new skin”
to seal the open canals and prevent
entrance of organisms. By not re¬
moving the milk in the udder,
pressure is built up to cause the milk
secretion to cease and reabsoi'ption
to commence. Controlled experiments
have clearly shown that no detri¬
mental effects follow drying off in
this manner.

, Now to clarify the importance of
the dry period, and to show why
the cow must be given special con¬
sideration at this time. To begin
with, it is a fact not too generally
known that a cow during its lacta¬
tion period, throws out of her body,
through the milk produced, urine and
feces, more mineral content (chiefly
calcium) than she takes in and this
imbalance would continue even
though she were fed as much calcium
as she could be made to take. It
would seem under such conditions
that the animal would eventually
excrete every morsel of bone in her
body. It so happens, however, that
this process makes a right-about turn
in the very late period of lactation
and principally during the dry or
rest period. Consequently, storage of
sufficient amounts takes place during
this period to allow for the require¬
ments of the embryo calf which is
developing in her body, and for milk
production in the ensuing year of
lactation. Storage will be ample if
minerals of quality and quantity are
provided for her throughout this im¬
portant rest period. Unbalanced,
scantily-fed ration* certaffily will not
make for proper provision. We must
remember that the mineral content
of milk does not change to meet
existing conditions of mineral supply
in the feed, but on the contrary, the
milk production is reduced to the
point necessary to meet the supply
provided.

During the dry period, the final
development of the calf embryo is
finished off. In fact, about two-thirds
of its total growvh takes place in
the eight-week period prior to
parturition. It takes minerals, vita¬
mins and proteins of quality to pro¬
duce this growlh and unless these
are adequately provided in the diet
of the dam, the dam herself must
provide them from her own body
which may not be too adequately
supplied with such food nutrients
just at this time. Inadequacy of the
feed supply may very definitely re¬
sult in a weakened calf, if not one
that is actually stunted or still-born.

The dry period is the time to
condition the cow for easy calving
and for sustained high production in
the coming milking year. So often
are animals left in a rather depleted
or poor condition after a strenuous
year of production that unless some¬
thing is done to build them up, they
will have little chance of calving
well or producing at economical
levels in the ensuing year. An extra
100 pounds of weight put on a cow
at this time may easily result in
the production of an extra 1,000
pounds or even a ton of milk the
next season.

The good cows, (those inherently
capable of producing much above
average levels) cannot eat enough
in the fore part of the lactation cycle
to provide nutrients for the milk they

produce. Consequently, they must
call upon stored-up supplies to pro¬
vide such nutrients. A cow has
difficulty in doing this when proper
conditioning during tke resting or
dry period is not provided. Losses
in weight that occur in the fore
part of lactation, are more difficult
and expensive to make up. It is far
more economical in feed outlay to
put surplus weight on the animal
during the dry period than attempt
to do so after calving.

Since an attempt at least has been
made to show the value of a dry
or resting period, what occurs and
the importance of proper feeding,
let’s now look into the type of ration
best suited for feeding during this
critical period.

Since it is known that this is the
time when intense mineral storage
takes place, it is therefore, necessary,
if we are to do the job efficiently,
to provide in the ration fed an ample
complement of minerals, and since
new bone must be formed in the
developing skeletal structure of the
embryo calf, Vitamin “D” must be
provided in order that proper
calcification may take place, and
rickets in the new-born animal be
prevented.

Since cows must spend so much
of their lives indoors without access
to direct sunlight, Fall, Winter and
early Spring sunlight actually furn¬
ishing little or no ultra-violet rays,
and since in so many instances, the
roughage fed carries but small
quantities of Vitamin “D,” it is wiser
and safer to depend upon a Vitamin
“D” supplement fed directly in the
ration during the eight-week period.
Since Vitamin “E,” the anti-sterility
vitamin is essential for the preven¬
tion of various reproductive dis¬
orders, it is sound and safe to pro¬
vide for it in the ration in the form
of wheat germ oil, the most) potent
source of Vitamin “E.”

Since but comparatively little pro¬
tein is demanded by the developing
embryo calf, the ration should not
carry a high protein content. A
ration carrying but medium content
(12 to 13 per cent) will of course,
carry a relatively high carbohydrate
and energy content which is of ex¬
treme value for feeding purposes
at this time, since the carbohydrate
content not used for direct provision
of heat and energy is converted into
fat and stored in the body as adipose
tissue to be used later by 'the animal.

The conditioning ration should by
all means carry a rather wide variety
of ingredients in order to provide a
varied source of nutrients. It must
have definite bulk, best supplied by
such ingredients as beet pulp, dried
brewers grains and bran. Cane
molasses should be used in the ration
to produce the mild laxative effect
that is so desirable for the cow that
is being prepared for calving and
conditioned for lactation. It is wiser
and safer to provide some Vitamin
“A,” from a tested grade of alfalfa
meal, because in many instances, the
roughage fed carries so little of it.
Last but not least, of course, the
ration must be palatable.

In most every case, it is not feasi¬
ble or more economical to attempt
compounding such a ration on the
farm. Excellent dry cow fitting that
admirably “fill the bill” for this
purpose can be purchased at reason¬
able figures.

A carefully compounded ration
which fulfills the condition as in¬
dicated, fed at the rate of approxi¬
mately 8 to 10, pounds daily
supplemented, of course, with the
best roughage at hand, will not only
do a surprising job of conditioning
and producing a strong-boned,
healthy, vigorous calf, but make the
job of calving an easier one for the
dam. When so fed, quick and
healthy cleaning invariably results
with a lessened severity of udder
congestion ailments which too fre¬
quently follow calving.

It might be well to add here that
following calving, it is advisable to
continue feeding the dry cow ration
for several days as such and then
gradually to bring in the milking
ration, taking a full month to make
the change-over.

No one ever lost any money
through properly preparing a cow
for calving and lactation during an
eight-week dry period. Money in¬
vested in a good dry and fresh cow
fitting ration will invariably pay
handsome returns. L. N. Gilmore

DAIRY FARMER?

Agricultural Experiment Station tests
show that cows produce 314 to 4%
more milk when water is always avail¬
able (as in individual drinking bowls
supplied by a water system) than when
watered fully twice a day; and 6 to 1 1%
more than when watered once a day.

F(rti JfK xiXfti

Reduce danger of injury from overheat¬
ing by watering work horses frequently.
Ample water is vital to regulating body
temperature. Let an efficient water sys¬
tem provide the 10 to 12 gallons per
day each horse needs. Turn a tap to fill
cans, or a barrel, to take to the fields for
hourly hot weather watering.

Fairbanks-Morse Shallow Well
Ejector Water System with motor
and pump mounted above floors
Three sizes — to 800 g.p.h.

F-M Deep Well Ejector Systems
need not be placed over the well.
Only one moving part — no belts,
gears, or leathers. Made in a full
range of sizes.

FEEDING PIGS?

Pigs require from 14 to 114 gallons of
water daily for each 100 pounds of
weight. Hand watering often fails to
meet this need, and the farmer loses.
Automatic waterers, supplied by a mod¬
ern water system, prevent such losses,
give you more time for field work.

F-M Shallow Well System with
200 g.p.h. piston- type pump and
8- gal. pressure tank. Comes com¬
pletely assembled, ready to plug ia.

FAIRBANKS, MORSE & CO.

Also Manufacturers of Fairbanks Scales, Famed for Accuracy for 111 Years

Washers. Fast
washing. Easy on
clothes. Low pow¬
er consumption.
Highly perfected
mechanically.

f - —

I Fairbanks, Morse & Co., Oept. 1-126
80 Broad St., New York, N. Y.

□ Please send, without cost or obligation to
me, a copy of the F-M Manual on the Selec-
I tion. Installation, and Operation of Home
| Water Systems.

I QSend information on F-M equipment as
I follows: _ _

I . . . . .

I Name _

OTHER FAIRBANKS-MORSE
FARM EQUIPMENT

Pump Jacks. All

types, all sizes. For
motor or engine
drive, with or with¬
out motor or en¬
gine.

" Z ” Engines.

Standard farm
equipment for
years. 2- to 17-hp.
I ntermittent or
heavy-duty types.

Gives clear, concise, au¬
thoritative advice on select¬
ing, installing, and operat¬
ing home water systems.

Great aid to maximum satisfac¬
tion at minimum cost. Send
coupon for free copy.

494

9ftr RURAL. NEW-YORKER

September 6, 1941

How Has the Harvest Spray Behaved?

By H. B. Tukey

Some say it was just good luck Williams, Rome, and Delicious re-
and a favorable season, others say spend better than short-stemmed
over enthusiasm and inadequate varieties, as McIntosh, and Wealthy,
checking upset considered judgment, perhaps because the long stem is more
but the general reports are that the likely to be hit by the spray.

magic spray of 1940 for delaying
the pre-harvest drop of apples pro¬
duced some phenomenal successes.
Perhaos the weather was favorable,
perhaps over enthusiasm did cover
up a lot of failures, perhaps it may
not all work so well another year,
perhaps it is less effective with some
varieties and under some conditions
than others, and perhaps even though
effective it may not be profitable to
use — nevertheless it cannot be denied
that for a suddenly appearing re¬
search discovery that had hardly a
chance for thorough trial and ade¬
quate study, the generally favorable
responses have been amazing.

Here was a laboratory idea, used
in an experimental way by scientists
in terms of drops and nasal atom¬
izers, in which it was found that
holly berries held better on plants
sprayed with very dilute solutions
of an unfamiliar white organic
powder (5 parts in a million parts
of water) suddenly transferred in
a single season to 600-gallon spray
outfits and spray coverage for
thousands of acres of fruit trees.

General knowledge of the ma¬
terials and their uses has spread so
rapidly that it is scarcely necessary
to remind one that the substances
which have given these results are
white powdery chemicals (naphtha¬
lene acetic acid and naphthalene
acetamide) used at the rate of .001
to .0005 per cent — which means ap¬
proximately the weight of a postage
stamp in a gallon of water; nor that
commercial men have found such
small amounts so hard to handle
that they have incorporated the ma¬
terial in inert substances so as to
permit a grower to use, say, Vz pound
of material instead of 1/14 ounce in
100 gallons. Nor is it necessary to
add that these materials are sprayed
onto the tree just prior to fruit ripen¬
ing, and that somehow they affect
the abscission of the fruit and im¬
prove the hanging qualities.

In fact, so well known are these
matters that about all the infor¬
mation now sought is how the sub¬
stances have generally behaved to
date and what the latest recommen¬
dations regarding their uses may be.

Grasping this demand, far-sighted
U. S. Department of Agriculture
workers made a national survey,
which gives a bird’s eye view of
the results from coast to coast in
1940. From the New England States
the results with Melba, Early
McIntosh, Oldenburg, and Graven-
stein apples were all that could be
asked; for example, one box of drops
from sprayed trees of Early McIntosh
In New Hampshire and 4% boxes
of drops from unsprayed trees.
Further, peaches dropped less on
sprayed peach trees. On the other
hand, the results with Wealthy,
Cortland, McIntosh, Baldwin, R. I.
Greening, and Northern Spy were
less pronounced. In the Middle
Atlantic States and further South,
good results were reported for
Williams, Maiden Blush, Summer
Rambo, Gravenstein, W e a 1 1 h y,
Smokehouse, Stayman, McIntosh,
Delicious, and Rome; Bartlett, Seckel,
and Kieffer pears responded to
treatment. The further South, the
greater the satisfaction with the
material.

On the West Coast the California
results showed the materials effective
for pears and apricots as well as
for apples, but for practical reasons
perhaps not of a nature to warrant
the cost of application. In Oregon
the results were more favorable, but
again the question was raised as to
whether the practice was more than
an emergency one. In the Wenatchee
’ section, however, the results with
Winesap and Delicious were so help¬
ful in both improving color and in
reducing dropping as to suggest that
the harvest spray might become a
fixed practice for that section.

And while there are contradictions
in the reports, there are also certain
generalizations that seem to be
evolving from the mass of conflict¬
ing experiences.

1. There are varietal differences.
Varieties which tend to drop, as
McIntosh, are more difficult to con¬
trol than varieties which tend to
hang, as Rome.

2. Long -stemmed varieties, as

3. Early varieties, as Oldenburg,
Early McIntosh, Melba, and Williams,
respond better than late varieties such
McIntosh, Baldwin, and R. I.

Greening, perhaps because the early
varieties are sprayed when tempera¬
tures are relatively higher than in
late Fall.

4. Low temperatures are less
favorable than higher temperatures,
explaining perhaps why some north¬
ern sections have had less satis¬
factory experiences than more south¬
erly sections.

5. Thorough coverage is essen¬
tial — Vz gallon for each year the tree
is old as a rough approximation, but
more likely to be more than less. It
should be the aim to hit the stems
and to spray both the inside and the
outside of the tree.

6. Stronger concentrations are
more effective up to about 10 parts
per million; beyond this amout it
does not pay, while below, it is less
effective. Five parts per million is

The Harvest Spray Prevents pre-Harvest Drop.

about right judged from angles both
of economy and effectiveness.

7. Trees in low vigor respond
poorly.

8. Timing is very important —
application should be made 4 or 5
days before the estimated picking
date, or when 2 to 12 sound apples
drop in a 24-hour period.

9. The duration of the effect
varies — only 8 or 9 days with
McIntosh, but 2 to 3 weeks or longer
for Williams, Duchess, and Early
McIntosh.

10. The general effect is to permit
picking 5 or 6 days later than nor¬
mal, and so favor more No. 1 and
Fancy and larger fruit, something
which the market wants.

11. A second application may be
advisable in some years, as with
McIntosh, in which case the second
application should follow the first by
4 or 5 days.

12. Use should be confined to
varieties that need attention charac¬
teristically, to orchards with a record
for dropping or for poor color, to
vigorous growing orchards, to seasons
when immoderately warm weather
in August and September favor
dropping, and to large crop years.

There is still much to be learned,
but the results so far have been re¬
markable and point to a wide trial
commercial usage under certain
conditions, and a still wider experi¬
mental usage under a range of
conditions and on a range of crops
other than apples, for which it was
first used.

Modern WAR is a battle for materials.
To check the life-giving flow of materials,
British warships ring the European con¬
tinent while German bombers and submarines encircle
the Islands of Great Britain.

Beyond comparison, the most vital of materials is food.
Unlike steel or copper, aluminum or rubber, food has no
substitutes. We have it or we do not have it. With it, all
things are possible. Without it, tanks and planes can give
no security. If the defense of America is to be certain, food
for 130,000,000 Americans, and those who stand with us,
must come regularly to market.

Today, as always, the production of that food is the task
of American farmers. Today, more than ever, American
farmers are relying on the farm equipment industry to
provide them with the mechanized tools of agriculture.
For, while the need for farm products rises, the supply

of farm labor constantly dwindles as men are diverted to
the Armed Services and the factories.

This Company and the industry of which it is a part
have the factories, the trained employes, the engineering
skill, and the distributing organizations to get these vital
tools to the farmers of America where and when they
need them— subject only to the allocation of materials.

Swords are beaten into plowshares when peace fol¬
lows war. Today, throughout the world, plowshares are
beaten into swords ... In America, the greatest food-
producing country in the world, it is well to consider
that PLOWSHARES ARE SWORDS !

President

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

495

Better, faster, cheaper feed grinding — -
that’s what you get with a Papec. Larger
cylinder, 30% to 50% more screen area,
bigger pulley, heat-treated hammers,
auger-fed blower, no suction elbow to clog,
no knives to sharpen, no burrs to break.

All 6 Papec models are guaranteed to
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Dept. 64-A, Adams, N. Y.

All kinds of new and reconditioned pipe for water
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Cut to sketch and stocked. Also —

FITTINGS, VALVES, PUMPS and SUPPLIES

Write us your wants and let us auote you prices.
ALBERT PIPE SUPPI.Y CO., Iuc.
Berry & No. 13th St. Brooklyn. N. Y.

In Tune With the Times

Timothy Hay. — What a useful
crop timothy hay is on our New York
State farms! Timothy hay has with¬
stood the test of time on our old
meadows. It survives and produces
crops of palatable roughage in spite
of heavy, sour soil, low fertility, late
mowing, and Fall grazing.

When a boy on a Southern Tier
New York hill farm it was the stand-
ai'd practice around Union Center
and Maine to start haying imme¬
diately after July 4, and to continue
with some interruption until Labor
Day. Timothy was the standard hay
crop, sometimes mixed with clover
in the new seeding, and sometimes
mixed with daisies or devil’s paint
brush in the old meadows, but al¬
ways timothy was the standard
around which the hay crop was
grown.

Timothy has certain useful attri¬
butes. It produces fair crops under
poor conditions. It yields abundant
and cheap seed. It stands up through
wind and sun and rain. It survives
Summer drought. It mixes well with
clover. It makes an excellent grade
of hay over a long harvest period.
But our ideas of the time to harvest
hay have changed this past decade.
We think now that timothy should be
cut as soon as it starts to head, in¬
stead of waiting until it comes into
second bloom. — .

Alfalfa or “Best Fodder.” —
Alfalfa means best fodder in the
language of the Turks in Asia
Minor, the region where alfalfa
originated. In the confines of West¬
ern Asia it is a very old crop, but
as a crop on the dairy farms of
Central New York it is new. The
early varieties brought to this
country did not winter well in the
North, but Wendelin Grimm, a
German immigrant, in 1857 brought
alfalfa from Central Europe into
Minnesota. For many years he
stubbornly and patiently saved seed
from plants that survived the Winter.
In the end he had a hardy alfalfa.
Experiment station workers then
made Grimm alfalfa famous.

During the past 20 years the in¬
crease of alfalfa on Central New
York State farms has been from a few
hundred acres to many thousands of
acres. Alfalfa campaigns were con¬
ducted by county Farm Bureaus
everywhere. They brought new
knowledge of the need for hardy
seed, of new and improved strains
of inoculation, the more general use
of superphosphate, and quick tests
to determine the lime needs of the
soil.

Now alfalfa is securely established
in most dairy farms in this region
and with its common use has come
new problems. Experiment stations
are making progress in developing
new disease resistent varieties. They
are securing strains of alfalfa that
produce more abundant seed crops.
They are finding types with better
forage quality . They hope to develop
strains that will be suitable for graz¬
ing.

Planned Economy. — We are in
the midst of the era of planned
economy for agriculture, the likes of
which we have never before seen.
We plan ways and means for farmers
to conserve their agricultural re¬
sources. We plan to establish better
milk prices for dairymen with milk
marketing agreements. We plan to
make farmers secure on their farms
in spite of inflation and deflation.
We plan to build up food reserves
by means of an ever normal granary.

From a national or an area point
of view, these plans may seem logi¬
cal. From the view point of the in¬
dividual farmer who has to pay the
monthly feed bills with the egg check
and the milk check, these plans may
look visionary. We will all watch
these checks and controls, these al¬
lotments and quotas, these loans and
grants, with open minds during
these stirring times, and we will
eventually have to decide which of
these schemes will become part of
our fai’m economy. L. H. Woodward

Coming* Farmers* Meetings

Sept. 9-13. — Mineola, Long Island
Fair.

Sept. 10-24. — New York County
Fair, Madison Square Garden, New
York City.

Sept. 14-20. — Eastern States Ex¬
position, Springfield, Mass.

Sept. 21-27.— Trenton, N. J., State
Fair.

Oct. 11-18. — National Dairy Show,
Memphis, Tenn.

Make a note

right now to get
Gulflube Motor
Oil the next time
you’re in town. It’s a tough, rug¬
ged economical oil. That’s one
of the reasons why it has been so
popular among farmers and ranch¬
ers for years.

You’ll find that your Good Gulf
Man carries Gulflube in handy
five-gallon steel pails and in other
sizes to suit your convenience and
pocketbook.

Whether you want to use it in

your own car, in your tractor, or
for lubricating other farm machin¬
ery, you’ll find that Gulflube does
the kind of job that’s hard to
match! That’s because Gulflube is
refined from fine crude, by a dou¬
ble solvent process that takes out
more of the sludge-makers before
you use it.

Get to know your Good Gulf
Man soon. For your convenience,
he carries a full line of fuels, lubri¬
cants, and specialties for farm use.
So start making the Gulf stop a
regular call now!

GULFLUBE MOTOR OIL

Gulf products popular on farm and ranch:

Gulf Livestock Spray, Gulflex Waterproof Grease,
Gulflex Chassis Lubricants, Gulflex Wheel Bear¬
ing Grease, Gulf Transgear Lubricants, E.P.

496

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S TAPER
Established isso

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Oo., Ine. 332 West 30th St., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
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T. B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Roylb

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"A SQUARE DEAL”

Our Great Democracy

Part VIII

IVIL rights arise from the relation of
citizens in their ordinary affairs. They
spring from the relations of citizens to the
State and to one another as regulated by law.
Civil rights do not include military, ecclesi¬
astical or criminal relations, A right implies
something due us, a truth or a duty. Every
law is supposed to be based on truth and
equity. We know that in modern times there
are many grave exceptions to the original
rule. When a statute law is not equitable or
just, it confers no right on any one. It may
favor a certain group or industry and impose
an injustice on others. Such a law does not
confer a civil right but does confer a privilege
on those it is intended to favor.

In the Declaration of Independence the
founders of our government mentioned in¬
alienable rights, among which they specifically
mentioned life, freedom, liberty, the pursuit
of happiness, and justice. Life which includes
our immortal souls need not be amplified
here. It is a gift from God. We need not
quarrel with those who refuse to believe in
a Supreme being but tell us, they “refuse to
believe in anything they cannot feel or see
demonstrated.” They appreciate the marvels
of creation and reproduction they are
moved by beauty and symmetry and love
and truth and perfection, but they say it all
originates from a unity which they call
“nature.” The founders of our great democracy
called that unity of all perfect attributes,
man’s “Creator,” the “Voice of Justice,” the
“Supreme Judge of the World,” “Divine
Providence” — God. They appealed to Him
for wisdom, direction and justice. They
founded a government on His eternal truths,
and the American people approved their
words and their works. We need not quarrel
with those who through invincible ignorance
refuse to believe in God, but acknowledge His
perfection and power in the things He created
but call it nature. Most of us have known
men among them whom we respected and ad¬
mired in other ways, and we believe God in
his mercy will not deny such the grace of
salvation. The Son of God dying on the cross
prayed His Divine Father to forgive His
murderers “for they know not what they do.”

Freedom and liberty mean much the same,
but there is a shade cf difference. Liberty
may apply to the past while freedom is less
limited. A man on trial for a crime is de¬
prived of his liberty but is free to fully de¬
fend himself and to prove his innocence. The
patriots stressed liberty and freedom natu¬
rally because liberties were denied them as
colonists of the British government, but they
were free to contend and to fight for their
inalienable rights. They claimed injustice as
a reason for rebellion, and appealed to Di¬
vine Providence for justice. The writer fully
realizes that under the conditions at that time,
freedom and liberty was the natural appeal,
but in the light of experience now it seems
unfortunate that “justice” was not stressed
more as a fundamental of a self governed
democracy. We have come to realize that we
may have the pledge of freedom and liberty,
and yet be denied justice; but if we made

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

justice the test of all our laws, and weighed
every public problem on the scale of God’s
justice, freedom and liberty would be secure.
Due to our human weakness we would not
attain full perfection, but errors would be
few and we would have a people blessed with
plenty and happiness. Our government would
be an edification for the peoples of the
entire world.

It is not too late now. If put to a test today,
the vote of the American people — a few am¬
bitious politicians excepted — would be sub¬
stantially unanimous for justice.

“ Lead Us Not Into Temptation 99

WE heartily approve the recent remarks
by one of our ranking State officials
to the effect that public officials should re¬
sist an increasing temptation to show and
abuse authority produced by growing re¬
sponsibility during the national emergency.
“It will require the exercise of great self-
restraint,” he said, “and the subordination of
personal inclinations to meet this temptation.”

These are good words, and with a deeper
and more fundamental significance than ap¬
pears on the surface. It is, in a very practical
and humble sense, what Christ meant when
He said, “Lead us not into temptation.” With
the present emergency growing more acute
each day, there is an increasing centralization
of authority and the placing of decisions in
the hands of individuals who never before
held such authority, and are therefore in many
cases abusing it. An almost forgotten clerk
under the stairs in a large office building
suddenly finds forms and regulations within
his control which can either make or break
a private citizen who comes to him for service.
He can very easily block fair treatment or
otherwise show his authority and his exalted
position. It leads to the rankest kind of abuses
of public trusts by petty, avaricious politicians.

Most employees in Government service are
well-intentioned, willing and helpful, and
they will respond to the situation and exer¬
cise the the great self-restraint asked of them.
At the same time, this does not relieve the
man at the top from his responsibility of
seeing that injustices are not done and that
incompetent employees are dealt with
promptly and efficiently. With their
assumedly broader outlook and their wider
experiences in administration, they should
and must set the example of “self restraint
and the subordination of personal inclina¬
tions,” and must show resistance to increasing
“temptations to show and abuse authority.”
Otherwise, instead of their position being a
public trust, it will degenerate into a public
menace.

Why not place these words of caution on
suitably printed cards and have them dis¬
tributed from the large mahogany desk in
the front office down to the office boy’s
cubicle? It might help in some small measure
to keep our country the democracy that we
all love, rather than slip into the bureaucracy
that we all abhor.

rp HE Geneva, N. Y. Station^ emphasizes
A the need of treating seed wheat for smut
before planting. Field inspections in Central
New York show that stinking smut of wheat
is present in many fields. As high as 00 per
cent of the heads were smutted in several
fields, while a trace to five per cent was
commonly found. Even a trace of this disease
may reduce the yield and quality of the crop
and is a source of smut for the next year.
Wheat seed may be contaminated by smut
spores carried from farm to farm in thrash¬
ing machines, or the spores may adhere to
wheat kernels so that seed from even a
healthy field may produce a smutted crop.
Growers who reported a trace of smut in 1940
and did not treat their seed last Fall suffered
severe loss from stinking smut in their 1941
crop.

A standard preventive of smut in wheat is
treatment of the seed with Ceresan. This dust
may be applied at the rate of one-half ounce
to each bushel of seed, shoveling the grain over
with a scoop. This should be done in a well
ventilated place, so that the dust is not
inhaled.

September 6, 1941

SUNSHINE is good for potato tops, but
not for the tubers. Digging in cloudy
weather is a good plan. Where necessary to
dig on bright days, the potatoes should be
picked up as soon as possible, so that there
will be no green spots.

It has been common belief that greening
did no special damage except to spoil that
part of the tuber for eating. But Ohio State
University after considerable investigation,
finds that slightly greened potatoes are much
more susceptible to bin rot, especially where
bruised spots have been exposed to bright
sunlight. That bruised tissue is killed by the
injury and sun, and bi'eaks down quickly.

A New Attorney General

RESIDENT Roosevelt has nominated
Francis Biddle for the post of United
States Attorney General to succeed Robert
Jackson. Apart from pclitical expediency,
the appointment seems to be a good one.

Mr. Biddle has been a prominent practicing
lawyer in Philadelphia for the past 30 years
and has served as a judge of the U. S. Circuit
Court of Appeals. Of particular interest to
agriculture is his intimate knowledge of the
dairy industry acquired while representing
milk producers and independent distributors
in his own State of Pennsylvania.

This experience of the new Attorney General
should be of great assistance in the prosecution
of the milk indictments already started by
Mr. Thurman Arnold. We trust that Mr.
Biddle will take fearless advantage of the
opportunity now presented to him. Dairymen
throughout the country will watch his pro¬
gress with interest.

What Farmers Say

A BIG BUSINESS — FOR THE DEALER

I have always been a consumer of milk, never
a producer or a dealer. To me, milk is milk. With
other foods there is selection. If the price goes
up, well, we don’t use so much of it, but with
milk it’s different. The milk is left each day and
the collector calls every Monday morning.

I can remember, as a young chap, going across
the fields armed with a two-quart can with a
wooden stopper, going for the daily supply of
milk. Milk was five cents a quart. That was be¬
fore health boards became prominent. There
was no grading, certifying, approving or
pasteurization at that time. Milk was milk. It
must have been good milk for that whole section
used lots of it and was healthy.

Twenty years is a long time to look forward
to, but not long in passing. The milk can was
replaced by the glass bottle. The farmer-dealers
disappeared. From five cents it moved up to seven.
Seven became ten and then thirteen. Now it is
fifteen cents a quart. Today it is approved, ac¬
credited, certified, pasteurized and graded. The
milk business is big business. A specially de¬
signed automobile with uniformed attendant
delivers the product. Incidently, the consumer
pays three times as much.

William H. Perkins

CREDIT TO WHOM IT IS DUE

I read with interest the item in your July 26
issue with regard to the Pennsylvania Raw Milk
Inspection Bill and we appreciate your coopera¬
tion in spreading the news to the farmers in
Pennsylvania.

Full credit should be given to Mrs. Jean Bullitt
Darlington, West Chester, Pa., for this victory.
Mrs. Darlington practically single-handed was
able to force the bill from the Conference
Committee and obtain its passage in the last few
days of hectic session.

As you know, we are in the midst of endeavor¬
ing to establish a strong Producer-Distributor
Organization, and I should Mke at every oppor¬
tunity to bring before the producer-distributors
in Pennsylvania, the great work which is being
done by Mrs. Darlington on their behalf. By
building her, we will build a real organization
in Pennsylvania with the result desired by all
of us, namely, the breaking of the stranglehold
of the Milk Monopoly. George C. Klauder

Pennsylvania

Brevities

Maple trees in Pennsylvania produced syrup
and sugar valued at $200,000.

Consumption of pulp paper in this country in
1940 was about 18,000,000 tons.

Hogs in sunny pastures should have ample
water available and shelters which are well
ventilated into which they can go when desired.

Never rent or hire a farm without having a
written lease. No special form is necessary, but
all points pertaining to the bargain should be
covered.

“Let us hear the conclusion of the whole
matter: Fear God and keep his commandments;
for this is the whole duty of man. For God shall
bring every work into judgment, with every
secret thing whether it be good, or whether it
be evil/5 Eccl. 12: 13-14.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

497

Farmers and Their Crops

AN August trip of 600 miles in a car
through the Hudson River Valley on
the east side of the river to the Rip Van
Winkle Bridge, then north into the Catskills
and west to Onondaga County, again north
and east through Madison, Oneida, Otsego,
Herkimer and Montgomery Counties to
Canajoharie on the Mohawk River and back
on the west side of the Hudson through the
Counties of Schoharie, Greene, Ulster, Orange
and Rockland to the New Jersey line, and
then back to Westchester, inspires one with the
great and varied agricultural resources of
New York State, the natural beauty of the
landscape and the evidences of the tireless
industry of the people. I have just returned
from this journey, met many people in their
farm homes, among them old friends of a
lifetime, and many more men and women,
sons and daughters whom I had not before
met personally, but whom I have been talk¬
ing to for years through the printed pages of
this paper. After such a visitation and such
a frank and cordial reception, it would be a
sordid mind that failed ‘to be inspired with
the friendships, the generosity and the simple
nobility of these country folk. I found my¬
self making resolutions to serve them as a
publisher and an editor better than I have
before. The sentiment was a reflection of
their own friendship and trust.

I heard no complaints, no self pity, no word
of despair. In the dairy sections, they tell
you that they have not received the cost of
production of milk since the first World War.
This statement I know to be true, and it is
now admitted and verified by the men who
have been responsible for it. The four months
just passed have climaxed the producers’ hard¬
ships. They are working for nothing and
boarding themselves; but they are neither de¬
feated nor discouraged. They are resolved to
put an end to the agony and “they don’t
mean maybe.”

The drought has not hurt all sections of
the State. It has been most severe in the ex¬
treme North, but it has been serious enough
in many other sections. In some of these lo¬
calities, the wells, springs and brooks have
dried up, and farmers have been obliged to
haul water for the livestock as well as for
other uses. The hay crop is generally light.
Farmers report from 10 to 60 per cent short
of an average crop. Oats, however, are from
a fair to full crop. Potatoes for the most part
are doing well, with some remarkably fine
promises. Corn in the drought section was
stunted for a while, but later it has come on
fine. As a whole, I have never seen better
promise for full silos.

The pea crop in Madison County was af¬
fected by the drought, but later rains, while
not enough to restore the springs and wells,
did help the bean growth which seems to
be a full crop. Growers of both of these
crops, however, have had trouble to get help
to harvest. It was necessary to import colored
help from Southern States for this purpose.
Yet as these growers tell you, the Govern¬
ment is supporting men on dole out of the
taxes the people pay to support men in idle¬
ness who now scorn work. The growers tell
you blandly it’s the New Deal way of buying
votes.

At Delphi Falls in Onondaga County, I had
the pleasure of substituting for a more capable
speaker who was unable to keep his appoint¬
ment at a Dairy Farmers’ Union picnic in
the State Park. It afforded me the even
greater pleasure of meeting the families of
the membership during the afternoon, includ¬
ing my old friend, Holland Foster, the Presi¬
dent of the Union, as well as the members of
the Board. Like all dairymen I met, they
were waiting anxiously and none too patiently
for the report from Washington on the prom¬
ised increased price amendment. Whether
it suits them or not, they know that the
system has failed, that the proponents of it
have now turned “State’s evidence” against it,
and they are determined to do away with it.
The good housewives supplied a feast. I do
not mean the artificial buffet spread of en¬
tertainments in the city which often have
merit and good purpose in the city way and
within city possibilities, but the taste of
tempting wholesome platters laden with the

choicest, fresh products of the farms prepared
by the skilled hands and hearts of farm
women are not to be found anywhere except
on the farm tables and at farm picnics.

On the way eastward I had an engagement
at Canajoharie in Montgomery County, where
another three-county D. F. U. picnic was
held. In size, of course, this far exceeded in
numbers the Delphi Falls gathering but the
spirit of each meeting was the same. Karl
Burkert of Fort Plain, chairman of the
Montgomery County unit, was master of
ceremonies, and a good one. He came some
years back from Kansas. If they have more
of his type in his native State, we would like
to welcome them to New York. President
Holland Foster of Owego, Tioga County,
was present. The following directors were
also present: Frank Brill, Canastota, Madison
County; Fred Goodison, Heuvelton, St.
Lawrence County; Frank Johnson, Herkimer,
Herkimer County, and Joseph Hammer,
Ballston Spa, Saratoga County. All of these
officers of the D. F. U. made short stirring
addresses. I also had the privilege of address¬
ing the dairymen.

The milk strike began July 1. In a week
it had gained friends all over the State. The
city was short of milk. Fred Sexauer admitted
that the League would lose 10,000 producers
if the strike continued. Mr. Owen D. Young
held his milk out of the market in sympathy
with the producers, and actually became their
leader. Other groups joined in the Union’s
demand for a price increase, and the Union
consented to suspend the strike because they
believed that with Mr. Young to lead in the
demand, they would win, and reform the
business by establishing a system based on
sound economic principles. At first producers
were disappointed. They were winning. Their
blood count was up. They wanted to fight it
out. But they soon realized that they had
put the system and its proponents on the
spot. They took Mr. Young’s advice to get
the price first and in the meantime create
an honest system of distribution with prices
to be paid farmers and to be charged con¬
sumers based on cost of production and dis¬
tribution with the same profit for each and
both.

We have had that plan before, but we
were led astray. If we do our pant now, I
believe that Mr. Owen D. Young will insist
that conspiracy, intrigue and oppression be
eliminated from the milk business, and that
instead, we will have a system based on truth,
order and justice. j. j. D.

Feed Dealer Approves

T REALLY believe that your recent edi-
torial on the government subsidy to the
G. L. F. was the most valuable thing to the
feed industry that could have happened.
You probably know that the Eastern
Federation of Feed Merchants has had
several meetings to decide just what action
should be taken in fighting this plan.

As I understand the set up, there is no
independent feed man who is eligible to the
loan -only the G. L. F. This certainly looks
anything but fair to me, but knowing that
the officials in Washington and also our own
State Department of Agriculture and Markets
have always been very partial to that alleged
cooperative, I am not too much surprised.

This feed business has been in the family
for two generations and we have seen quite
a number of feed concerns come and go. As
you probably know, this is more or less a
business of the survival of the fittest and it
has now reached a point where anyone who
is in the business, is more or less sound. But
if such acts as this continue, I have my doubts
if we will be sound and will be able to stay
sound. Up to the present time, we are. Why
doesn’t the G. L. F. come right out and admit
they are in business for profit, instead of
passing out their propaganda pap of co¬
operation?

I again want to thank you for this editorial
and believe that The Rural New-Yorker is
a friend of the independent feed dealer, just
as it has always been a staunch friend of
the farmer. Feed Dealer

Graft in the Buffalo Area

'T' HE delegates and directors of the Nigara
Frontier Bargaining Agency, Inc., voted
on behalf of the membership against an
amendment to the Buffalo Marketing Order
which would have increased the price of milk
20 cents a cwt. The amendment was con¬
sidered adequate when first proposed but a
later drought created a different situation.
The amendment was rejected and a further
petition proposed to add 90 cents a cwt. to
the prevailing $3 price for Class I milk. Ac¬
cordingly, a new hearing was held. The ques¬
tion was argued all over again and a second
referendum has just been conducted. If the
drought or the defense program or inflation
increases cost of production again within
the next 30 days, the new amendment might
be turned down for a second time and farm
prices might by this process continue inde¬
finitely at the low level. A local producer
from the Buffalo area writes us as follows:

“The cooperative leaders opposed any
amendment to the Buffalo Order, not so much
because of the price but because the amend¬
ment reduced the leaders’ graft. It was the co¬
operative leaders’ mass vote that rejected the
amendment; the members themselves did not
vote. Independent producers voted for the
amendment. The Agency leaders objected to
cancelling the service charge of 18 cents a
cwt., which is pure graft. Most of the milk
on which this 18 cents graft was collected
could have been sold to the Fairmont
Creamery or any cheese factory and just as
much of a return made to the producers, with
no cost whatever to other producers in the
area. At the August hearing, it was testified
that from -October, 1938 to June, 1941 these
service charges amounted to $465,685.97. It
was proposed that the service charge be
eliminated and returned to the producers. At
a former public hearing, producers had re¬
quested that they be allowed to vote sepa¬
rately on the many items in the Order, such
as price, equalization, etc. That suggestion
was turned down by the Bargaining Agency
leaders. Now they find that they themselves
are pinched because, while they wanted a high
Class I price, they refused to part with the
18 cents a cwt. handout which the first amend¬
ment would have eliminated.

This 18 cents is supposed to go only to those
handlers who can prove that they can ade¬
quately supply the market in the short period.
Last Fall, there was a complaint made to the
Board of Health that a large number of
Fairmont Creamery producers were not under
Board of Health inspection. At a hearing held
in Buffalo, it was brought out that the Dairy¬
men s League had been buying milk for the
Buffalo market from Fairmont and that this
milk came from an uninspected source but that
the League had received large payments for
handling the surplus during the flush period.
Yet when the shortage came, they were not
able to protect the market, which the Order
provides they must do if they are to receive
18 cents a cwt. for handling the so-called
surplus. Nine farmers complained to Com¬
missioner Noyes of this surplus violation by
the League, pointing out that he was unlaw¬
fully paying them equalization money which
rightfully belonged to producers supplying
the Buffalo market. The newspapers an¬
nounced that the Commissioner would hold
a healing but none of the nine men were
invited. The hearing resulted in giving per¬
mission to the Board of Health to insnect the
farms which had been supplying the milk so
that they could legally come under the Order
but for all the time before the inspection was
made, equalization moneys were paid to the
League. This ruling on the part of the Com¬
missioner was a direct violation of the Order
which pi ovides that unless it is proved that
the milk is needed for the city milk supply,
any pioducers wrho have not been shipping
to the city within the past two years under
Buffalo inspection could not be inspected or get
a new inspection. This was not proven at the
hearing and yet the inspection was ordered
because the League wanted to get that extra
money from the pool.”

Producers are certainly getting it in the
neck under these Marketing Orders.

498

Pm RURAL NEW-YORKER

Yes! Better Livestock Prices!

’t share your
with worms

Send For Free,

Helpful, New Booklet
on Worming Sheep —
Hogs — Other Livestock-
Dogs and Foxes

X31&

USE

*ID op WOH^

NEMA

WORM

CAPSULES

Nema Worm Capsules are scientifically
prepared, easy-to-give, dependable and
low in cost. Nema Worm Capsules are
available in various sizes to remove
stomach worms in sheep, large round-
worms in hogs, and hookworms in
Other animals.

Send For Free Booklet No. 650

Write to Animal Industry Dept., Desk N-39-1

PARKE, DAVIS & CO., DETROIT, MICH.

Drug Stores Sell Porke-Davis Products

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

'■pHE book relates many o t his unusual exper-
•*- iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It is an unusual book and one that
Will be enjoyed by all members of the family.

Price $2. 75 Postpaid
New York City residents add 2% for Sales Tax
For Sale Bj)

THEIRURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

IT ONLY TAKES

ONE STROKE
OF LIGHTNING

TO ENDANGER
LIFE AND PROPERTY

»r

SECOND greatest cause of
fire in homes... the great¬
est cause in stables and out¬
buildings. Those are the facts
about lightning compiled by
the National Board of Fire
Underwriters. . .YET, reliable
lightning protection is avail¬
able to everyone at modest
cost. . . Now is the time to safe¬
guard your home and property
with a West Dodd System.
After the damage is done is
too late. West Dodd can add
an almost invisible system to
standing buildings, or a con¬
cealed system built into new
ones. Dodd Systems are na¬
tionally known, with represent¬
atives in most localities. Write
now for free illustrated book¬
let, or free estimate.

WEST DODD CORP.

420 Lexington Avenue
New York City

GOSHEN, INDIANA

Please send me without obligation:

O Illustrated literature. Estimate for protect,
ing my □ home □ trees □ outbuildings

Name-

Address.
City -

Please print

.Tel..

location of property.

September 6, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

Maryland My Maryland

By R. W. Duck

It is almost 10 years
since I last visited the
Maryland Experiment
Station at College Park.

When I stopped there
last May I was surprised
at the increase in personnel, equip¬
ment and buildings. Excellent facili¬
ties are available in all departments
for both research and instructional
work.

The dairy and livestock industry
represents Maryland’s largest agri¬
cultural enterprise. It produces annu¬
ally approximately 40 million dollars
worth of purchasing power. This
represents an investment of millions
of dollars in the farms incident to
these enterprises. In Maryland, as
in all other areas, good farming is
founded only on the basic
industry of livestock.

Beef Cattle

Prof. F. H. Leinbach
was busy weighing their
experimental Angus
steers when I arrived.

These steers weighed
about 435 lbs. per head
when placed on test
November 7, 1940, and

on May 30 they weighed
an average of nearly 900
lbs. During this time one
group consumed a daily
average per head of 13.3
lbs. rolled barley, 0.6 lb.
soybean oilmeal, and 6
lbs. of alfalfa hay. A
check group had been
given a full feed of
shelled corn, soybean oil-
meal, hay and silage.

Another group^ was re¬
ceiving the same ration,
but their hay consump¬
tion had been limited to
IV2 lbs per head daily,
while their silage feed¬
ing had averaged 9.5 lbs.

A fourth group had been
fed shelled corn, soybean
oilmeal, and silage as the
sole roughage. This pro¬
gress report indicates
rather definitely that
barley can be satisfac¬
torily used in place of
corn for fattening steers.

In discussing their 1940
cattle feeding experi¬
ments with Prof. Lein¬
bach some valuable facts
were considered relative
to utilization of distillers’
rye dried grains and
distillers’ slop as a sub¬
stitute for part of the
grair ration for fattening
steers. In this test the
steers had an average
initial weight of about
625 lbs. per head. They
were fed for a period of 173 days,
to an approximate average final
weight per head of 993 lbs.

During this time the check lot had
an average daily poundage consump¬
tion of shelled corn 12.95, cottonseed
meal 1.2, corn silage 9.02, and
alfalfa hay 3.77. All lots received
the same amounts of roughage and
salt. The method used of feeding the
different groups to a constant uni¬
form weight is now generally prac¬
ticed in feeding tests; any differences
are thus more comparable, and can
be attributed more accurately to

the respective feeds used. The pound¬
age feed requirement per 100 pounds
gain for the check lot was shelled
corn 606, cottonseed meal 56, corn
silage 423, alfalfa 176, salt 1.57.

When distillers’ rye dried grains
was substituted for about one-fourth
of the corn ration the average daily
consumption of the group so fed
was shelled corn 8.25, distillers’ rye
dried grains 5.48, cottonseed meal
0.25, roughage and salt about the
same as for the check lot. Less
cottonseed meal was required in

order to have this ration on an equal
protein basis due to the higher pro¬
tein content of the distillers’ grains.
The poundage feed requirement) per
cwt. gain for this lot was, shelled
corn, 393; distillers’ rye dried grains,
261; cottonseed meal, 12. Difference
in roughage was negligible. It is thus
shown that 261 pounds of distillers’
rye dried grains had a replacement
feed value of 213 pounds shelled
corn and 44 pounds of cottonseed
meal. The corn used in this test had
a cost of $27.75 per ton, and cotton¬
seed meal was $37 per ton. There¬

fore, the monetary feed
replacement value of the
distillers’ rye dried grains
as fed was $28.88 per ton.
The market cost of this
feed was $26.50 per ton.
At these prices and replacement
values when used in a steer feeding
ration it proved a profitable practice.

Another group received cane
molasses as a substitute for about
25 per cent of the corn and dried
grains fed to the group just discussed.
The increase in a carbohydrate feed
such as cane molasses with conse¬
quent lowering of the higher protein
content dried grains necessitated
slightly increased feeding of cotton¬
seed meal to make this group com¬
parable for protein content of feeds
used. Daily feed was,
corn, 6.3; distillers’ rye
dried grains, 4.83; cane
molasses, 2.99; cottonseed
meal, 0.83; roughage and
salt same as other groups.
Feed requirement per
cwt. gain was, corn, 299;
distillers’ rye dried
grains, 299; cane molass¬
es, 142; cottonseed meal,
39 lbs. Roughage about
same as the check group.
The replacement feed
value of the cane mo¬
lasses in this lot resulted
in saving. 94 pounds of
shelled corn and 32
pounds of barley. There
was an increased re¬
quirement of 27 pounds
cottonseed meal as com¬
pared with lot 2.

A fourth group re¬
ceived distillers’ slop,
using about 20 pounds of
the slop to replace one
pound of corn. Less
cottonseed meal was
needed to meet their pro¬
tein requirements. Fed
at the daily rate of 19.57
lbs. slop, 11.94 lbs. corn,
and 0.79 lbs. cottonseed
meal, it required 921 lbs.
of distillers’ slop to re¬
place 45 lbs. of shelled
corn and 37 lbs. of cotton¬
seed meal for each 100
lbs. of beef produced.
Based on the prices pre¬
viously quoted the mone¬
tary feed replacement
value of distillers’ slop,
fed as mentioned, was
$1.50 per ton. Price de¬
livered at the feed lot
during the time of this
trial, based on a 10 mile
haul, was $1.25 per ton.

Current Dairy Data

In cooperation with the
U. S. D. A. Maryland and
several experiment stations are now
conducting tests relative to measur¬
ing the efficiency of milk production
in terms of different levels for nu¬
trient intake. These comparative
tests are based on the Haecker
Standard in measuring the law of
diminishing returns, in terms of
feed consumption in ratio to milk and
butterfat produced. The Haecker
Standard recommends a daily in¬
take of 0.7 lb. of digestible protein
and 7.925 lbs. of total digestible
nutrients per 1,000 pounds live-
(Continued on Page 502)

These three black beauties and others of equal merit will
be bred to Andelot Mi Dictator, (on right ) a son of Andelot
Edictor, and be in the Cremona- Andelot Sale, Frederick,
Maryland, September 27, 1941. Heifers of this breeding, type
and quality can make a real foundation for any herd. Mr.
W. Alan McGregor, Manager Andelot Stock Farm, Worton,
Maryland, has attained notable success in breeding Aber-
deen- Angus cattle suitable for farm and feed lot.

These experimental Aberdeen- Angus steers at the Mary¬
land Station weighed an average of 435 pounds per head
when placed on feed, November, 7, 1940. On May 30, 1941,
they averaged nearly 900 pounds per head. They have been
fattened on rolled barley, soybean oilmeal, and alfalfa hay.
This experiment is being conducted by Prof F. H. Leinbach.

These 10 Holstein-Friesian cows at the Maryland Expe riment Station have an average production of 15,039 lbs.
milk, 551 lbs. butterfat, per head as four-year-olds. The Sudan grass pasture shown is being grazed 30 days
after seeding . They are also receiving grain at the rate one pound per each three pounds of milk produced daily.

7*t RURAL NEW-YORKER

499

GUERNSEYS

Louis McL. Merryman & Sons

OFFER

1000 Guernsey Cattle at Auction and Private Treaty 1000

€00 At Auction 600
Cayuga County Sale, Grcystone Farm, Auburn, N. Y.,
Saturday, Sept. 27th. 75 Head: 6 Bulls. 34 Cows,

20 Bred Heifers, 15 Open Heifers.

Stony Ford Dispersal, Stony Ford, N. Y., Friday,
October 3rd. 152 Head: 8 Bulls, 74 Cows, 30
Bred Heifers, 40 Open Heifers.

Topsfield Sale, Topsfield, Mass., Monday October 6th.

65 Head: 5 Bulls, 25 Cows, 20 Bred Heifers,
15 Open Heifers.

Louis Merryman’s 35th Semi-Annual Sale, Maryland
State Fair Grounds, Timonium, Md., Monday,
October 20th. 85 Head: 15 Bulls, 40 Cows, 20

Bred Heifers, 10 Open Heifers.

Sherwood Forest Dispersal, Fredericksburg, Va.,
Monday, October 27th. 70 Head: 14 Bulls, 34 Cows,

20 Bred Heifers, 12 Open Heifers.

9th Annual Virginia Guernsey Breeders Association
Sale, Richmond, State Fair Grounds, Richmond, Va.,
Tuesday, October 28th. 64 Head: 4 Bulls, 30 Cows,
20 Bred Heifers, 10 Open Heifers.

400 AT PRIVATE TREATY 400

A PROVEN SIRE with a dam-daughter comparison,
showing an increase of 1948 milk — 40 lbs. fat on 14
pairs. This bull sires excellent type and is of the
most fashionable Green Meadow Breeding. Price $3500.

An April BULL CALF, combining the blood of
Shuttlewick Levity, Green Meadow Coronation King,
Green Meadow Wisteria and Langwater King of the
Meads, in the most desirable possible combination. Dam
of one of the great cows of the breed. Price $3000.
A SHOW BULL by an outstanding son of one of
the best Green Meadow Coronation King cows, out
of a Langwater dam, sister to the dam of a bull
Langwater is retaining. Price $2000.

5 HERDS — 30 to 60 Head. Average price per
head $150 to $250.

3 Going profit making Farms in the best Maryland
and Pennsylvania country. Only offered because of
death, age, and absentee landlord.

100 GRADES — $100 to $150 per head.

For Catalogues and Further Information Write
LOUIS McL. MERRYMAN & SONS, Sparks, Maryland

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 H EA D — Accredited. Negative. Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.

Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, DELHI, NEW YORK

[

DAIRY CATTLE

]

C £L t t 1 G

jijQ Holsteins, Guernseys, jjq

Fresh and close springers. Should
please most particular buyer.
100 heifers, 50 cows to freshen
late Fall to Spring.

75 Horses, Tractors, Farm
‘Machinery

E. L FOOTE & SON, Inc.

Hobart, Est. 1845 New York

WANTED — To ‘rent seven good winter cows for

one year. O. A. KIBBE, BURTVILLE, PA.

AYRSHIRES

For Most 4% M ■ I k

Ayrshires are big, economical producers

of 4%

premiufTi milk

Write for literature and list of breeders
near you u. ith stock for sale f

Ayrshire Breeders’ Association,
S6 Center St., Brandon, Vt.

ROUE AYRSHIRES

) ABERDEEN-ANGUS |

CREMONA- ANDELOT ANGUS SALE

Championship Blood at Auction

Frederick, Maryland Sept. 27

Send for the Catalogue

CREMONA FARM, ANDELOT STOCK FARMS

MECHANICSVILLE, MD. W0RT0N, MD

Andelot Aberdeen Angus

Bred and open heifers of the best type and blood
lines. And a few outstanding young bulls now avail¬
able. Accredited for T. B. and Bang's. We will sell
30 females in the Cremona-Andelot Sale September 27

ANDELOT STOCK FARMS, WORTON. MARYLAND

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen- Angus beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -Angus Breeders’ Association, Col¬
lege Park. Md,, or Eastern Aberdeen- Angus Breeders’
Association, Ithaca, New York.

Outstanding Reg. Aberdeen-Angus

Cows, heifers, bulls, calves for sale. Best pedigrees

in the Bast.. TOTEM FARM, Mcridale, N. Y.

Aberdeen-Angus cows with calves. Open and bred
neiters. Best bloodlines. Registered, accredited.
and approved. GROO’S FARM, Grahamsville, N. Y.

Wanted Yearling Angus bull ready for light service,
Bloodtcsted. Particulars. Mrs. J. Wagner, Clinton, Conn.

( HEREFORDS |

H eref ords

Five pure bred Hereford bulls, one to two years
old. also pure bred young heifers and cows.

WM. J. HAMILTON, R. P. 2, JAMESVILLE, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Seven Polled Hereford heifers, purebred,
to calve neat March. Ship any State Herd Approved,
Accredited^ Also 1941 crop, Birdsfoot Trefoil seed.

GAGE STOCK FARMS, DELANS0N, N. Y.

Crossbred Pigs

I am interested in a statement in
vour article on swine appearing in
The Rural New-Yorker of January
11. You state that to secure the larg¬
est litters of crossbred pigs, the pre¬
ferable method is to first breed the
sow to a boar of the same breed
and follow immediately with a boar
of the breed of which the cross is
desired. My understanding has been
that double paternity is not possible
and that the first male to serve the
female is accepted as father of the
offspring. From my own experience
with dogs, I know that the second
male frequently does sire the litter
hut I would like to know what con¬
tribution is made by the first male
in such a case. In double service,
can each male contribute to the
litter? Can the offspring of each be
distinguished and can pure breed¬
ing be assured for those produced
by the first male? Any comments
you can make on these matters
would be most appreciated.

Pennsylvania j. f. r.

When double matings have been
made with pigs using boars of such
markings that the offspring may be
distinguished the litters have con¬
tained approximately half sired by
each boar. You may obtain a report
of the Illinois work by writing to
Prof. W. E. Carroll, Agricultural
College, Urbana, Illinois, or if he
is unable to supply you, send to the
Government Printing Office, Superin¬
tendent of Documents, requesting a
copy of the reprint from the Journal
of Agricultural Research, Vol. 59,
No. 11, Washington, D. C., reprint
made December 1, 1939. If a regis¬
tered Duroc Jersey boar is bred to
a Duroc sow the pigs will be red,
if she is bred also to a Poland China
boar about half of the litter will be
marked spotted and their sire will
be the Poland boar. The red pigs
may be registered; the question of
registration might not be permitted
with dogs.

Another good bulletin on cross¬
breeding hogs is Iowa Bulletin No.
380, entitled “Crossbreeding Hogs,”
it may be obtained by writing to the
Bulletin Mailing Division, College of
Agriculture, Ames, Iowa. r. w. d.

Possible Navel Infection

I have a Guernsey calf five weeks
old I am trying to raise. She has
a hard growth where her navel is.
It doesn’t seem to be sore to touch
it as she stands quiet but I am
worried about it and would like to
know what to do for it. It has been
there since I bought her when she
was three days old. f. p.

New Jersey

The condition is probably due to
an infection of the area mentioned.
Painting the parts with tincture of
iodine two or three times weekly
for about three weeks might be of
benefit. If it does not then subside
it would be advisable to call a
veterinarian and follow prescribed
treatment as indicated. Have the
cow calve on clean bedding in a stall
which has been disinfected. Shortly
after being dropped dip the end of
the navel cord of new born calf in
tincture of iodine. This is a pre¬
ventive of the condition mentioned.

R. W. D.

Price for Pasture

What would be a fair price for
pasteuring 50 young Guernsey
heifers? They are turned in from
early Spring to late Fall, about six
months according to the season.
There are 30 acres of excellent
pasture land, 10 acres of wood and
swamp land. The owner keeps fences
in repair and the person renting
fertilizes the fields. No buildings in¬
volved in the transaction. L. B. w.

New Jersey

It would seem a price of about
$200 for six months for these 50 head
of heifers would be about the proper
charge, based on location and present
prices and conditions. r. w. d.

Treatment of Garget

What can I do for garget in a
cow? She has it often. f. n. r.

Pennsylvania

It is best to have chronic garget
treated only by a veterinarian. Re¬
duction of grain feed and feeding
not over a 12 per cent protein feed
is of some benefit in keeping it
down. A new treatment which offers
considerable promise is a silver oxide
treatment, it may be obtained
through your drug store. r. w. d.

GUERNSEY SALES

Sept. 24th. Mt. Pleasant View

Farm Dispersal, Sherman, Conn.

Milking herd of 53 registered Guernsey cows
mostly fresh or due and springing heifers.
Langwater and Green Meadow lines. Big milk¬
ers. Fresh cows milking 50-79 lbs. day.

Mon. Sept. 29th Dunn’s Tour

Consignment Sale, Fair Grounds, Altamont, N. Y.

50 head from New York’s finest herds. Many
cows fresh or due.

Sept. 26th Thatch Meadow Farm

Dispersal Sale, St. James, L. I., N. Y.

35 cows — 15 heifers— 12 bulls. 23 art sons and
daughters of Coronation Prince Steadfast, others
by Langwater Sovereign, Levity’s Valor and
Douglaston Manor sires. A.R. records average
750 fat.

Wed. Oct. 8th New England

Guernsey Sale, Essex Fair Grounds, Topsfield,

Mass. 52 head of New England’s best May
Rose breeding.

Write Us For Catalogues

DUNN & HARWOOD, Sales Managers,

Schoharie, New York and Cordaville, Massachusetts

HORSES and PONIES

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans
AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

• MORGAN PONIES*

Orders taken now for Morgan and Shetland weanlings
for Fall delivery. Also several choice Morgan pony
yearlings. Ideal for older children. Gentle, intelligent,

easily trained. TORREYA FARM, MILLBROOK, N, Y.

SHEEP .% |

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

50 SHORT TERM breeding ewes weaning Sept.
15, $300. Also ewe lambs, yearlings and two

year olds. Three purebred Shropshire rams.

DONALD PACEY, Oatlands, Preston Hollow, N. Y.

lit lYTFn A registered Hampshire ram Lamb or
II ix il 1 Lit ram for breeding. Write full particu¬
lars. VERNON H. TIGER. Gladstone. N. J.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to

satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

rftRRIFTUIF Rams. All ages: farmers' prices.

lAmiME.UrtLE, j. H> Whitmore, Mt. Morris, N. Y.

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

REGISTERED OXFORD RAMS h6^nuy.y’

REGISTERED Cheviot Sheep at reasonable prices.

EDWARD F. ROCHESTER. ARLINGTON. VT.

SWINE

HOLSTEINS

150 REGISTERED HOLSTEIN

CATTLE AT AUCTION
EARLVILLE, MADISON COUNTY, N. Y.

WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 10, at lO A. M. D. S. T.

T. B. Accredited, Bang tested, mastitis charts. This
great sale includes 100 fresh and close springing young
cows and first calf heifers. Trucks available. Now is
the time to buy and Earlville is the place.

R. AUSTIN BACKUS, Sales Manager,
_ Mexico, New York _

Twenty registered Holstein cows and twenty pure bred
Holstein bulls. Philip Lehner, Princeton, Wisconsin.

SHORTHORNS

]

TREMENDOUS NEW OPPORTUNITY

for Milking Shorthorn raisers due to defense pro¬
gram. IT. S. and Great Britain urgently need all milk
and meat this country can produce. Greatest oppor¬
tunity with Milking Shorthorns. Hold official world’s
records for milk and butterfat production. Greatest
salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50c. one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY.

Dept. F-3, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DOGS

]

c O l_ l_ I F Q Sable; excellent breeding; all

w w ^ ages, SI 5. OO up. COL'LOVER

KENNELS, 1606 East Erie Blvd., Syracuse, New York

T3UREBRED COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.

.Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably
priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

COLLIES — From pedigreed stock, $15 to $25.
S t°. Police, $5: females cheap.

MAI DA PUTNAM _ - _ GRAFTON. MASS.

ST BFRNARDS A1.1 bre*ds- details free!! Book:

k „ 10* Photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

FOR SALE — English Shepherd Puppies bred for
plenty grit ' and low strike heelers. Males $6.00;
females $4.00, JOSEPH WINKLER, Hankins, N. Y.

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups K*,“f0\r<
RELIABLE SHEPHERDS bTon.'KV'.
Great Dane Pups

SH EP H E R D -COLL I E PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

Reg. Collies— Beagles &£- .gia

collies jairia 'K'ii-N -va

POINTER PUPS. Bloodlines of all "Big Seven’’
Champions. SYLVIA GARDENS, Waverly, N. Y.

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge, Pheasant,
Quail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

COON-FOX - HOUNDS gg

Registered Airedale Puppies Males $15; Females $10.
champion bloodlines. A. Schofield, N. Ringgold, Pa.

PEP'GREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS— Details free
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON, NEW YORK

TAMW0RTH SWINE

■

Best Bacon Breed

Excellent shoats, both sexes, for immediate del¬
ivery. Orders taken for bred gilts and boars of
service age. All stock registered and vaccinated.

REYNOLDS POMEROY. STILL VALLEY FARMS
Little Kunkletown, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

Thrifty, rugged stock of exceptional quality.

Berkshire and Chester crossed or ? , „ _ . ......

Yorkshire and Chester crossed i^"® weeks old $5. CO
Chester Whites $5.50 each. All orders carefully filled.
Will ship 2 or more C. O. D.

A. M. LUX FARM, 206 Washington Street,

Woburn, Massachusetts

Strong, Vigorous Pigs (Vaccinated)

2-3 months old $6.50; $7.00 each. Selected boars all
ages and breeds. Gilts open and bred. Breed your sows.
A survey shows an alarming shortage.

CHARLES E. GILES, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Wobum, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St.. WOBURN, MASS.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished.

AYRLAWN FARMS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND

RHGGFD PlfI8 Chester Whites, Chester.

IxUUULU a IvjO Berkshire. Yorkshire-Chester,
Duroc cross. Six to eight weeks $4.50. Eight to
ten weeks $5.00. No charge crating. Ship C.O.D. 1 or
more. A few nice service boars for immediate use $20-
$25. Carl Anderson, Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

FOR SALE — A few nice young pigs, 6-8
weeks old @ $5.00 each. Ship C. O D

DAILEY STOCK FARM

_ LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

Registered Berkshires sters

LELAND E. JACKETT. FREDONIA. NEW^YORK

REG. CHESTER WHITES breeding

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton, Chester ‘co.VVenna8:

REG DUROCS EaiLGilt3 anj? Sprin8 pigs, russoii f.

DU1VULJ Pattington, Scipio Center. New York

Hamnshires ?ri.z.er-Ji1nirl? stock- Gilts and Boars.

UdUipMlUCb JAMES R. SPEECE. DAUPHIN, PA.

GOATS

Goats For Sale: Good grade Swiss;

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Roa^^ashington^N.^j.'

NEBRA<tKAAT\fJ°tl!iRNAL’ Dept’ ,67’ FAIRBURY.

o0nthly jaagazine crammed with help-
ful information. 3 years $1.00, Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

MILK GOATS T°SSenberg and Saanens. sold on ap-

1 J Proval, Pony Farm, Himrod, N. Y.

r<*ri,k£N|i?flAp^ k G9.AJS out of Prize stock. Herbert
Gericko. 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond, S. I. N. Y.

FERRETS

FERRETS *or hilling rats and other

*. TT " w game; yearling females,

nalr tfi onteru/$u 00i ™ales *3-00: females $3.50;

Pair $6.00. WM. A. PECK, NEW LONDON, OHIO

guinea pigs

Wanted™1!10 i<3«reaoPiis an£ size- Joseph Fleming.

_ 981 Latta Road, Rochester, New York

Seven Decades of Milk

By JOHN J. DILLON

'T'HIS Is the story of milk in the New York
milkshed. It goes back to the earliest avail¬
able sources of information to be found in
print and tradition for the commercial history
otthe milk dairy industry in New York State.
It is suggestive of the early habits and cus¬
toms that may have affected the industry
down to the present time. The present milk
system began in 1870 and the author has been
able to write from personal memory and from
constant and intimate contact for 70 years.
He has known all the organizations and most
of the leaders in the New .York milkshed.

The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer & distributor.

This means prices for milk production and for
distribution based on costs plus the average
rate of profits paid by the producers on the
supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages. It is made
handsome and durable .because it has
information for future generations. Price
$3.00 postpaid. New York City sales
only, add 2% Sales Tax. Books for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street, New York City

500

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

don't

WAIT 7

MAKE THIS BAKING
DISCOVERY NOW!

Talk about simplifying bread bak¬
ing— Maca Yeast certainly does it!
But that isn’t all. Maca gives bread
and rolls the rich, old-fashioned
flavor that everyone loves!

’This new, fast-acting, granular yeast
doesn’t require refrigeration. It keeps
on your pantry shelf. So you can set in
a handy supply. Then any time you
want to bake, you merely stir Maca in
lukewarm water and it’s ready to go to
work. It’s easy as Jhat! No fuss, muss,
bother or “fixing.” No special trips to
the store — the most convenient yeast
you’ve ever tried !

Thousands of women are winning
compliments with their Maca-made
bread and rolls. It won’t take Maca long
to win your praises either. Once you
discover how convenient it is to use—
and what grand flavor it gives to bak¬
ings, Maca Yeast will become your fa¬
vorite. Get it at your
grocer’s. Or
send coupon.

Dated For
Your Protection

j Northwestern Yeast Co.

| 1750 N. Ashland Ave., Chicago, Ill.

• Please send me free, a full-size pack- J

* age of Maca Yeast.

j Name _

Address _ I

| City _ County _ State _ j

l - — - — — — — - j

\J » n\TPRuS & Knittin"- Free Samples; directions.
V A It |U XBuriap patterns with Rug Yarns. Lowest

1 zUVilUprices. Bartlett Tarn Mills, Box J, Harmony, ME.

Oh, apple jelly cooking with a spray

Of rose geranium or mint —

For subtle flavor’s hint —

Its fragrance haunts me to this day.

Grandmother’s jell in glasses on the
sill

To cool — still-life of primrose neat¬
ness —

My hungry eyes devoured without
a fill

Of quincey sweetness.

And then — the taste of jelly spread
On grandma’s snowy new-made
bread!

I hanker for it still.

So I will seek an apple tree

And with my modern alchemy
I’ll turn its fruit to gold in jell.
But oh, I can’t bring back the spell
Of that ambered in memory!

Alta Booth Dunn

From the Little Brown House

“No matter which way I turn
I always find in the Book of Life
Some lesson that I must learn.”

We learn that some of our Euro¬
pean neighbors are advised to gather
many wayside plants for summer
food so as to save food more easily
stored for Winter.

Our forefathers well knew the
value of wild plants for greens but
I was surprised to read of “fiddle
head brakes” being offered in the
markets. An old lady neighbor
used to wander for hours
gathering greens, wild plants
and wood-soil to set them in,
and she induced us to try fiddle
head greens. When ready to pick
they are covered with a minute down
something like a peach, she showed
us how to hold a fiddle head tip be¬
tween the thumb and forefinger of
the left hand then rub this down
from the greens by running the
thumb and forefinger of the right
hand from the tip to the base. She
cut them up like stringbeans and
prepared them for the table the
same way. It must have been a task
to get enough for a meal for a large
family. In early days I think they
were cooked with salt pork and then
potatoes added a half hour before
meal time. This year we were given
some mangel tops for greens and
never again will we raise Swiss
chard, the mangels to us were so
much superior.

Mother told me how and we
gathered the wild plants that grand¬
mother used to cook for greens so
as to familiarize me with them, some
of them were purslane, lambs’
quarter known in Vermont as pig
weed, trilliums (that seemed a pity),
plantain, horseradish leaves and
milkweed.

A neighbor showed me how to re¬
move the leaves from milkweed
stems, cook the leaves for greens
and cut up the stems to cook and
serve as mock asparagus. By and
by we may appreciate our wildings.

A city friend asked what shrub
could be used near the house at a
northern exposure. Presumably it

would receive a little sun night and
morning.

In’ riding along we saw laurel in
such places several times. The
buddleia or butterfly bush in a new
shade to me was the loveliest plant
on one ride. I think it must be He de
France. Has any one raised them
from seed?

It has been a very hot and
very dry season, almost no feed
in the pastures, and hay from one-
third to one-half a crop, but corn
grew by leaps and bounds so silos
will be full and running over.

Birds have been numerous to eat
the superabundance of insects. This
morning we counted 21 swallows on
one side of one barn and many were
in the air. They are practising for
their long trip to South America, so
we realize that Autumn is approach¬
ing. The wealth of Fall phlox in the
gardens is also a sign of approaching
frosts. We saw some exceptionally
brilliant red and purple. Ours are
mainly in light varieties and even
the new seedlings are pink and rose
tints. I am promised seeds from a
friend’s garden and hope these will
provide the dark ones.

A deep colored anthemis, Sancta
Johanna, was a pure golden yellow
and earlier than the lighter ones.

The old dogs had an unusual ex¬
perience the other dawn. Just at the
break of day there was such a bow-
wowing. Karl looked out of his room
to see a black animal as tall as the
dogs go padding down the drive. It
carried its head low and turned its
nose this way and that, hog-like.
We can only conclude it was a young
bear, large enough to have killed
Chris and Ted but wise enough to
know he had taken a wrong step and
if there was a scrap that the dogs
would have help.

“It is hard to teach an old dog a
new trick, but that is what made
him an old dog,” so the new trick I
have learned is knitting Kitchener
heel and toe on socks for “Bundles
for Britain.” We always knit ours the
old time way, but the directions were
plain so it was easy. mrs. j. x. w.

Vinegar for Pickles

To make good pickles you must
use good vinegar. It should be clear,
free from sediment, mother of
vinegar or other solid materials.
Cider or some other fruit vinegar is
usually chosen if the flavor and
aroma are more important than color,
while white malt or distilled vinegar
is used if color and low cost are
more important than aroma and
flavor. White-grape vinegar is good
to use if flavor, aroma and color are
all of equal importance.

Fruit Vinegars. — Cider vinegar is
the one most familar to homemakers.
It is an amber-colored liquid made
from apple juice and is noted for
its excellent flavor, fine aroma, and
sharp acid taste. Vinegars similar
to cider vinegar in flavor and aroma
may be made also from the juices
of such fruits as peaches and
grapes. Most fruit vinegars have
color, but that made from the juice
of white grapes is colorless. Colored
vinegar usually darkens such pro¬
ducts as horseradish, white onion,
or cauliflower pickles.

Distilled Vinegars. — Most white
vinegars, other than white-grape or
white wine vinegar are formed as
by-products in the manufacture of
yeast and are called malt, distilled
or spirit vinegars. While they usually
contain more acetic acid than the
fruit-juice vinegars, they lack their
fruity flavor and aroma and there¬

fore seem more harsh in taste. Dis¬
tilled vinegar is commonly used in
the commercial manufacture of
pickles because it is cheap and has
more constant acid than do fruit
vinegars.

The average vinegar contains
about four per cent of acetic acid,
which is valuable as a preservative
and for controlling the fermentation
of pickles. Vinegar, like salt, in¬
creases the crispness of pickles. Too
strong a vinegar causes pickles to
shrivel.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“I would like to exchange hooked
rug patterns with anybody who cares
to do SO.” MRS. H. E. F.

Pennsylvania

“I would like to correspond with
nurses up-State or New York City.”

New York MRS. K. s.

“My hobby is collecting old buttons
and postage stamps. I would like
to hear from any one interested.”
Ohio MRS. M. A. H.

“I would be pleased to exchange
slips of house plants with someone.”
Pennsylvania mrs. s. h. m.

“I am 33, married, mother of two
small children, interested in button
collecting. Am making a friendship
quilt, also collect newspaper tops.”

Vermont mrs. d. a. h.

September 6, 1941

The R. N.-Y. Speed Crochet
Contest

Our Crochet Contest is over
and after all the excitment the first
prize went to Miss Irene Brovich,
who had a total of 108 scollops, in
exactly one hour, a remarkable
record. The second prize went to
Mrs. Jenny Giannino, with 78
scollops and the third to Mrs. B. H.
Brookins with 77. The first two were
from Syracuse and Mrs. Bi'ookins
lives in Cazenovia, all good members
of The Rural New-Yorker family.

When the contest started there
were some 300 contestants and a
number of rooters in the auditorium
at the State Fair Grounds, the heavy
rain and the gas situation having
cut down the number somewhat
from the over 500 who sent in
coupons. Everyone was in fine humor.
Your Woman and Home editor
started things going over the loud
speaker, and introduced Miss Sally
Dickson, of the National Needlecraft
Bureau, who in turn introduced the
judges, Miss Ruth Chilton of Sta¬
tion WSYR, Miss Mary Milda
Zoretskie of the Syracuse Post
Standard and Mrs. Helene Decker.

The three winners : Left to right,
Mrs. Jenny Giannino, second place;
the winner, 15 year old Miss Irene
Brovitch; and third place winner,
Mrs. B. H. Brookin.

Mr. Fred Jeske, of Station WSYR,
entertained during the hour and re¬
lieved the tension which increased
as the minutes flew by.. Seen from
the stage and as we walked around
among the contestants, it was a
lesson in concentration and good
natured determination and not a
second was wasted by anyone.

The Rural New-Yorker is glad to
have had the opportunity to sponsor
such a contest and we feel that the
decision of the judges, who were so
fair that they even separated the
stitches to be sure that the count
was correct, was very satisfactory.
We are sure that everyone, even the
tiny baby and the several husbands,
had a good time. And so, our thanks
to all of you who were interested
enough to send in your coupons
whether you were in the actual con¬
test or not. We hope you enjoyed
making the pattern anyway, c. b. w.

Recipes From Maine

Cabbage, Beet and Celery Relish. —
Two cups each of cabbage, celery and
beets, 1 cup each of sweet red
pepper and onions, Vz cup sugar, 3
tablespoons mustard seed, 1 table¬
spoon celery seed, 2 cups of cider
vinegar, 2 tablespoons salt.

Wash the beets and cook them
until they can be peeled easily. Re¬
move skins and dice in small cubes.
Chop all vegetables separately and
measure. Combine all ingredients
and simmer until vegetables are
tender. This takes about 30 minutes.
Pour into sterilized jars and seal at
once. /

Red Cabbage Pickle. — Take 4
quarts of red cabbage, chopped, add
1 quart of cauliflower divided into
sprays. Sprinkle with y2 cup salt,
let stand for 12 hours, then drain
thoroughly. Bring 2 quarts of cider
vinegar to a boil with Vz cup of
chopped onion, mustard s ~;ed and
sugar. Add vegetables and bring to
a boil again and simmer gently for
10 minutes. Place in hot sterilized
jars and seal at once. The cauli¬
flower will be a pink color and this
makes a fine decorative relish to
serve with cold meats. m. p.

tht RURAL NEW. YORKER

501

Dental Decay

Hundreds of men and boys who
wanted to give a year’s service to
our country have been rejected be¬
cause of bad teeth. Why? Because
dental decay is an infection and no
one can long stay well when har¬
boring the disease germs which
cause it.

For the germs will not stay just
in the teeth. They will sooner or
later be carried about in the blood
stream to the muscles, making them
lame and sore, or the joints, mak¬
ing them stiff, or the tonsils, making
them swell up and cause sore throat,
or to the eyes, making seeing diffi¬
cult, or to the heart causing serious
trouble.

Just a short time ago a niece of
mine entered a hospital school of
nursing. She loved it and was very
happy until a heart condition — traced
to her teeth — made it necessary for
her to give up the course. A dentist’s
wife was a cripple in a wheel chair
for years because of joints which
could not be bent — traced directly
to neglected, decayed teeth (prov¬
ing again the old adage that the
shoemaker’s children go barefoot!)

How can you avoid such suffering?
One way is to go every year to a
reliable dentist and have your teeth
examined. Even though they seem
perfect and you never have so much
as a '‘twinge” they need to be looked
over carefully.

For there may be tartar forming
at the roots where it cannot be seen
and this may loosen your teeth.
There may be just a very tiny hole,
no larger than a pin point, in a
tooth, where decay is beginning. If
taken care of in time these con¬
ditions can be corrected completely
and at little expense. If neglected,
pain and big dental bills and prob¬
ably loss of teeth, will result.

What causes dental decay? He¬
redity may play a role. The type
of teeth which you inherit will in
part at least decide their ability to
last long. Lack of proper daily care
is a factor. Food refuse left be¬
tween and on teeth may cause an
acid condition which will break
down the enamel. You should clean
your teeth at least twice a day after
eating — better still — after all three
meals.

A ten-cent tooth brush plus water
and some table salt or baking soda
surely does not make expensive
equipment. The few moments’ time
which cleaning takes is most cer¬
tainly not to be begrudged either.

Your tooth brush should have
hard, stiff bristles. When the
bristles get soft a new tooth brush
is needed. That is why it is very
often better to buy five tooth brushes
than one for a fifty-cent piece. Tooth
paste and tooth powder taste good
and may make cleanliness more in¬
teresting for children but for' adults
salt and soda are just as satisfactory
and cheaper.

A small rubber bulb syringe with
a pointed tip is excellent for syray-
ing out food particles with water
from between the teeth. It is better
than dental floss or a tooth pick since
it will not loosen fillings nor injure
the gums. And speaking of gums;
if yours ever swell up and look
spongy, get white or bleed, see a
dentist without delay. For these are
signs of trouble, which if neglected
will mean loosened and lost teeth.
Orange juice and lemon juice taken
in large quantities daily will help
prevent gums getting that way.

In fact the food which you eat
will determine to a certain extent
how long and how well your teeth
last. Chewing hard foods such as
tough meat and raw carrots, will
help give your gums the exercise
they need. (But cracking nuts with
your teeth merely serves to crack
your teeth, too. Teeth should never
be used for this purpose nor for bit¬
ing thread in two.)

Until white men took sweets and
soft foods to ‘ the Eskimos, the
Eskimo kept his teeth throughout
a long lifetime. Now, there is a great
need for more dentists in Greenland
and Alaska. Why is this true?

Because these people used to live
on fish and seal blubber which called
for lots of chewing, and was rich
in Vitamin D. Once they tasted, how¬
ever, the jellies, jams and candies
which we like, they learned to like
them, too. They no longer were
content with what they had been
used to eating. So now they suffer
from toothaches — an unknown con¬
dition among them years ago.

Children who suck on sticks of

candy or lollypops much of the time
are apt to grow up with bad teeth.
Scientists believe this is due to two
different causes. One is that con¬
tinuous bathing of the gums and
teeth in sugar results in an acid
condition that breaks down the
enamel and does harm to the gums.
The other is that the child’s appetite
is perverted. He learns to like sweets
so well that he does not eat the
fruits and vegetables so essential for
tooth health. When he comes to the
table he’s “not hungry.”

It would be interesting to learn,
if we could, just what percentage
of the men and boys refused for
service because of dental decay, or
lack of teeth, grew up not eating
the things which were “good for
them.” Citrus fruits, milk, vegetables,
cod liver oil or its medically-accepted
substitutes, should all be included in
your diet and the diet of your house¬
hold 'every day for prevention of
dental decay. Beulah France, R. N.

Danish Apple Cake

Grease tube cake pan or deep dish
with butter. Put in layer of crushed
browned bread crumbs or zwieback
(Holland Rusk is good) next a layer
of thick sweetened apple sauce sea¬
soned with cinnamon and little
cloves. Now another layer of crushed
crumbs — on top of this layer put a
generous layer of jam ( we like
raspberry), continue until dish is
filled; last layer should be crumbs.
Put several lumps of butter on top
and bake about 20 minutes in moder¬
ate oven. Turn out and top with
whipped cream. If for company, a
cup of chopped nuts mixed with
crumbs makes it especially fine. (We
like almonds best).

This is my mother’s recipe and a
great favorite with our Danish
friends. l. h.

New Season Smartness

9763 — So smart and yet so easy to sew! It’s
the new two-piece style with a long jacket,
a set-in belt and tailored collar. Sizes 12
to 20 and 30 to 40. Size 16, 4 yards 39 inch
fabric.

4790 — Loveliness in a long-sleeved frock for
matronly figures. See the softly draped
bodice and the slimming panel-and-waist-
band idea! Sizes 36 to 50. Size 36. 4!4 yards
39 inch fabric.

— Her aress buttons down the front; t
side-skirt sections give a nice flare; ai
the collar matches the pert cap. Sizes 2 to
Size 6, 2y8 yards 35 inch fabric and % ya
contrast.

Price of patterns 15 cents (in coins) eac
Residents of New York City add one ce
for New York City Sales Tax. Send .
orders to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 We
30th St., New York City.

Tempting Souffles

Corn Souffle. — One cupful white
sauce, % teaspoon salt, Vs teaspoon
pepper, 1 tablespoon butter, 3 egg
yolks, iy2 cups canned corn, 3 stiffly
beaten egg whites. Beat egg yolks
well, add to hot white sauce, com¬
bine with corn, fold in egg whites,
put in a greased baking dish and
bake in a moderate oven 40 minutes.
Any other chopped cooked vegetable
may be used in place of corn.

Rhode Island Corn Meal Souffle. —
One-third cup white or yellow corn
meal, 1 tablespoon butter, 2 cups
milk scalded, 4 tablespoons grated,
cheese, 1 teaspoon salt, V\ teaspoon
paprika, few grains cayenne, 3 egg
yolks, 3 egg whites. Put milk in
double boiler with butter and corn
meal which has been sifted in slowly.
Cook until the consistancy of mush.
Add cheese, seasonings and egg yolks,
cook slowly one minute longer. Cool,
fold in egg whites. Bake in an un¬
greased baking dish in a moderate
oven, 350 degrees Fahrenheit about
25 minutes. This is delicious served
with ham, bacon or sausages.

Chocolate Souffle. — Two table¬
spoons butter, 2 tablespoons flour, %
cup milk, iyi squares cooking choco¬
late, % cup sugar, 2 tablespoons hot
water, 3 eggs, y2 teaspoon vanilla.
Melt butter, add flour, then add milk
gradually, while stirring constantly.
Cook to boiling point, melt chocolate
over hot water, add sugar and water,
stir until smooth. Combine mix¬
tures, add egg yolks well beaten,
cool. Fold in egg whites beaten stiff
and vanilla. Pour in a buttered bak¬
ing dish set in a pan of hot water.
Bake in a moderate oven 25 mnutes.
Serve with cream. Lauretta Hale

Posting Land Sign 3c Each

Delivered 11 inches by 11 inches approved.
Send full amount with order. Sample five cents.
JOS. POLITO, 477 7th St, BUFFALO, N. Y.

EARN EXTRA MONEY QUICK

NO HUNTING SIGNS 36 FOR $1.00

Prepaid. Comply with state laws. Tour name printed
free on orders of $2.00 or more, write clearly.

Douglas Ames, 596 Dixwetl Av„ New Haven, Conn.

• QUICK CASH PROFITS •

Sell famous $1 Christmas card assortment. Up to 100%
for you. Easy orders. 9 other boxes costing 25e up.
Experience unnecessary. Bonus. Special Offer. Samples

on approval. BLUEBIRD. Dept. 60-B, Fitchburg, Mass.

FOR INVENTORS IKiAV.*.!

Write today for valuable 72-page booklet * How to Get
Your Patent’ and "Record of Invention” form — both FREE.

L. F. Randolph, SSI Victor Bldg., Washington, O. C,

OATH ROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
“ Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata-
logue R. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave.. New York

Whisk’f»v Rarroli gallon. fresh

“ Key Dar* ei* emptied. Fine for
cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each; 2 for $7.00.

Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.
Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS ft#. STVig Z

CASH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices °'

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, ’ III.

Bags Wanted 'X®, are baying top prices for burlap

" ,7 and cotton bags. Write for nrlce

CORapd 249PPpnLeVMmiTRuV|?SIDE BAG & BURLAP
LUMP. 249 PLYMOUTH ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I):. Farnmst showing complete, fast-selling shoe
Ulg LdfUlQgS line. Speeial features, amazing
values bring quick sales, steady repeats. Experience
unnecessary. TANNERS SHOES, 528 Boston, Mass.

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25e. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25e roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS. Box 2255. PATERSON. N. 1.

SELL 50 for $1.00 Personal Christmas Cards.
Free samples. 35 Boxes 30c up. Famous 21
Assortment on Approval. Special Offer.

HEDENKAMP, Dept. P-ll, 343 Broadway, New York

CUID Tour live poultry to New Tork’s oldest
* live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Ine.

Box 20, W eat W oahinctou Market, N ew York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER ic SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St., New York

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAU TO

17 Jay St. New York City

Don’t Miss The . . .

SILVER JUBILEE EXPOSITION!

Plan NOW to attend the 25th Anniversary Ex¬
position. See a record Live Stock Show — greatest
Farm Machinery Exhibit in the East — scores of
outstanding Special Events. Enjoy a full week
of Entertainment — new sights and thrills for
ALL, day and night — plus the gigantic De¬
fense Exposition ! Don’t miss any part of
this greatest show in Eastern States history !

"HIGHLIGHTS"

Great Defense Exhibit
WILL AMAZE AND THRILL YOU

See thundering tanks, roaring dive
bombers, anti-aircraft guns and
searchlights in action, manned by
Uncle Sam's army. Defense manu¬
facturers present an amazing exhibit
of weapons in the making. No red-
blooded American will want to miss
this tremendous and thrilling
spectacle!

• RODEO and HIPPODROME

HOOT GIBSON and
Champion Cowboys

• NEW ENGLAND GRANGE CHORUS

• MOTORCYCLE and AUTO RACES

• 4-H and JUNIOR CONTESTS

• LUCKY TETER and his Hell Drivers

<1 A

111

EASTERN STATES EXPOSITION

SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

502

•Jhe RURAL NEW-YORKER

★

Your farm may be 5,000 miles from the nearest battlefield yet
you are building our first line of defense NOW! For a nation
is only as strong as its food supply. Tioga Mills is proud of its
33-year record of help to Dairy Farmers. Proud of the feed
developments it has pioneered that have boosted incomes from
Dairy herds throughout the east. In this crucial period,
TI-O-GA is ready more than ever to help you meet today’s
changing conditions in milk demand. With a program that
gets more out of your herd and your roughage. We urge you to
plan this 12-month program now, for more milk and more profit.
It’s simple to follow TI-O-GA’S new program in chart form.

FREE

12-Month Program in simple
chart form. IVrite today.

TIOGA MILLS INC., D-941 S. Broad St., Waverly, N. Y.

DAIRY FEEDS

24% • 20% • 16% • 14% • 12%

★

Don’t Forget to Renew Your Subscription

The Rural New-Yoekeb aims to furnish the most reliable
information available on all branches of agriculture and country
life. It prints only what is believed to be the truth, and only
what is believed to be for the benefit of the farmer. If you do not
find what you want, just let us know and we will try to get the
information you want without cost to you.

It costs many thousands of dollars to get the information
published in each issue of The Rural New-Yorker. With our
circulation of more than a quarter of a million readers, however,
we can gather this information and send it to you for less than a
penny a week. Subscription Rates : 50c per year, $1.00 for 3 years.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street s— : New York City

& PEcf ES
Of Mfrk

John J. Dillon

The milk system has again created a crisis.
What caused it? This book tells yor in plain
language.

Dairymen have been on the brink of
ruin several times in the past 20
years. Why? This book tells you.

At every major crisis dairymen
revolt and get a modest increase
which soon decreases to the old level
or below it. How is this done?
This book tells you.

Leaders who made farmers fair
promises allied themselves with big
dealers to exploit the very farmers
they promised to serve. Where is
the proof of it? The proof is in
this book.

These leaders now admit that “not
once in eleven years” have milk prices
paid the farmer cost of production.
Why? This book tells you.

Is it possible for dairymen to get
cost of production and a profit?
Yes. This book tells you.

No increase in price now will
stop prices going below cost of pro-

Seven Decades of Milk

^ v — XT JL - O - O JV

duction again, even if it covers cost
___ now, because the System was

dictated by the “Big-3” dealers to give them power to fix the price.
If the “leaders” had authority, why did they fix it below
the cost of production? The prices fixed by the “Big-3” were mini¬
mum prices and could be increased any time by those who had
power to fix it.

Prices should be negotiated by farmers. This book, ‘Seven
Decades of Milk,” tells how they can do it, and why they should

d° ^he book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete
reference index. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made
handsome and durable because it will have information for future
generations. Published by Orange Judd Company, the author has
reserved the first 1,200 copies for such of his friends as may wish
to have an autographed copy. Price $3.00 postpaid. New York City
sales only, add 2% Sales Tax. These are for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street New York City

Maryland My Maryland

(Continued from Page 498)
weight. Prof. Haecker pioneered at
the Minnesota Station in investi¬
gational work relative to making
qualitative as well as quantitative
distinctions in production feed re¬
quirements. He demonstrated that a
high percentage butterfat milk has
a higher nutrient requirement than
ower testing milk. In discussing
hese interesting and important in¬
vestigations with me Prof. Kenneth
L. Turk, Head of the Maryland Dairy
Department, mentioned the fact
that their data so far accumulated
shows the Haecker Standard to be
inadequate . in maintaining body
weight and four per cent milk pro¬
duction for cows producing 300
pounds or more of butterfat in 305
days.

The comparative groups are being
fed as follows: (1) roughage alone;
(2) roughage plus grain, at rate of
one pound grain to each six pounds
of four per cent milk produced; (3)
and other groups are fed grain in
increasing ratio of one pound differ¬
ence up to a ratio of one to two. Even .
at the last mentioned ratio there
has been an increase in production
over the next wider group. The
point at which diminishing returns
would become effective in terms of
monetary values would vary with
price of feed and increase in milk
production. Based on price of milk
and grain during May, 1941, this
point was about one to two; feeding
one pound of grain for each three
pounds of four per cent milk pro¬
duced was a profitable practice on
the basis of increased milk return
for price of feed expended.

Tests are also in progress relative
to breeding efficiency in relation to
certain strains and bloodlines. The
evidence so far obtained tends to
show the possibility that certain
families may have a tendency to
transmit “shy breeding.” This diffi¬
culty of getting some females, ap¬
parently healthy and otherwise nor¬
mal, settled with calf is a very prac¬
tical consideration. Based on laws
of inheritance it seems probable
selective breeding for ease of con¬
ception and normal delivery might
be well worthy of attainment.

In current tests relative to com¬
paring corn silage with soybean-
millet-molasses silage, using 20 cows
in a double reversal plan, the greater
palatability of corn silage fed re¬
sulted in more milk being produced
from its use. A small electric
pasteurizer is being used in the
Maryland dairy laboratory with
satisfactory results. The possibilities
for such units, operated by small
producer-distributors may offer a
profitable opportunity for their
manufacture on a rather extensive
commercial scale.

Feeding Dairy Heifers

In discussing methods of feeding
practices with Prof. Turk we were
agreed that a high percentage of
our dairy heifers often receive a
serious handicap during their first
Summer on pasture. This is especi¬
ally true for those turned to pasture
when six to ten months of age. While
good grass is the most economical
and satisfactory source of nutrients
known, it is not physically possible
for a calf to consume sufficient grass
to meet body requirements. When
pasture becomes short and dry it is
important that young stock be given
some supplemental feed.

The ensiling of sufficient grass or

September 6. 1941

corn each year so that some is kept
available for this short grass period
is always an excellent safeguard. This
has proven especially true during
this years’ unseasonable drought. It
goes without saying that constant
access to salt, fresh water, and shade
are necessary in order to obtain
maximum growth and gains. Free
access to a mineral mixture consist¬
ing of iodized stock salt, one part;
ground limestone, two parts; and
steamed bone meal, two parts, in
addition to salt alone, has proven of
benefit in building bone and provid¬
ing needed minerals. If hay is used
to supplement pasture the young
stock should receive the best quality
hay available.

A grain mixture suitable for feed¬
ing young stock or dry cows, either
Summer or Winter, consists of ground
com or ground barley, 600 lbs.;
ground oats, 600 lbs.; wheat bran,
600 lbs.; soybean oilmeal or linseed
meal, 200 lbs. The abundance, kind,
and quality of pasture will influence
the amount of supplemental grain
needed; in general with dairy heifers
of eight to 12 months of age it will
be from two to five pounds per head
daily. Heifers should be grown
rather than fattened; desirable aver¬
age daily gains will vary from
slightly over one pound for Jerseys
and Guernseys up to IV2 pounds for
Holsteins, with a little over 1 14
pounds being a good average for
Ayrshires.

Bonnie Blacks of Andelot

Andelot Stock Farm, Worton
(Kent County), Maryland, under the
capable management of Mr. W. Alan
McGregor is indelibly indentified with
quality and constructive breeding
and feeding of Aberdeen-Angus
cattle. In looking over their herd
with Alan, I was especially impressed
by his system of growing out calves.
The cows calve on pasture, but after
the calves have attained an age of
eight to 10 weeks they are separated
and kept in an open shed with a
dry lot runway or separate pasture.
They ai'e then allowed to nurse their
dams twice daily, in addition they
have constant access to shelled corn
and protein supplement in a self-
feeder. If in dry lot they receive
all the grass silage they will con¬
sume. Under this system they have
made materially higher and more
economical average daily gains than
when following their dams on pas¬
ture, even though they had constant
access to a self-feeder in creeps
while on pasture. Maximum gains
and growth are always the most
economical, due to the fact that such
a system takes greatest advantage of
the maintenance factor. Under this
plan the calves do not run around
so much, they are less troubled with
flies and the bull calves especially
fret less, and are not kept excited
by heat periods of cows and heifers.

The pastures at Andelot were
magnificent, but the dry Spring had
taken toll and there was some short¬
age of grass. Sufficient grass silage
had been put up last Fall, so the
cattle were being given suitable
amounts to keep them in desirable
condition. They ate the grass silage
up slick and clean and would leave
good pasture for it.

In several instances southern
feeders who formerly fed out a few
head of native or in some cases pur¬
chased stockyard steers have used
Andelot bulls on their native cows,
and by this constructive breeding
produced steers which topped the
Baltimore market.

L. E. Whitlock, standing in doorway, is a producer-distributor of Guernsey
products in this attractive unit of his Red Osier Farm, located on Route o,
near Stafford , Genesee County, New York .

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

503

Now with

CAPSULES

With today’e egg prices up 66% over
those of a year ago, it’s doubly important
to stop those “profit-robbing” worms
NOW. Worm the SAFE, EFFECTIVE,
EASY way with the GIZZARD CAP¬
SULE. Plenty tough on all 3 kinds of
worms — Large Round, Large Tape and
Pin Worms— but EASY on poultry:

Does not sicken birds or check produc¬
tion! Cost about lc per bird. At your
Lee drug, feed or hatchery dealer or
postpaid from

GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.
Makers of Germozone, Acidox, Leemul
sion and other Lee Poultry Remedies

fVAHiVI

o*a

FIFTH COLUMN IN
YOUR POULTRY YARD !

• Roundworms are
there to reduce egg
production. Clean
’em out with Dr.
Hess Poultry
Worm Powder, the
flock treatment.
Active ingredient is
nicotine. Itis a rec¬
ognized specific
for roundworms.
Now’s the time to
do something about
these worms — see
your Dr. Hess Deal¬
er. Or write to

Dr. Hess & Clark, Inc.

Ashland, Ohio

ffl

NATIONAL DEFENSE CALLS FOR

MORE
EGGS .... MEAT

Hubbard’s New Hampshires

tfU/e- you both!

Fill your brooder house this fall with
Hubbard’s New Hampshires direct from
the breeding source. You will get chicks
that live, grow rapidly and mature early.
Pullets become excellent producers. Cock¬
erels develop into heavy meated, solid
broilers. Try a flock. Be con¬
vinced ! Weekly hatches. Send
today for FREE catalog.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE, N. H.

SEPTEMBER 14-21

Visit Our Booth in New Hampshire
Building When You Visit
THE EASTERN STATES EXPOSITION

WELL BRED/^WELL BREEDERS”

We have the facts —

Hall Bros. Hatchery, Inc. w.ni?g7.rd?’conn.

WARREN’S
CHAMPION REDS

are the world’s sterling quality for foundation
breeding and production flocks for heaviest

'year-round production and highest poultry

quality. _ ,.

Rhode Island Reds — Rock- Red Cross (Barred)
All U. S.- Massachusetts Pullorum Clean
Tested yearly since 1929, without a reactor.
And every Warren Chick you buy has the same
breeding that has created all Warren Cham¬

pions. the same health, livability and longevity
that have made the strain nationally famous.
Hatches now and throughout the winter.

Write today for Circular and Price List
Hut Champion Blood into your flock — NOW
J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

'’Bonded Against B.W.

Select Pullets Carefully

Housing time is rapidly approach¬
ing so it is very timely to consider
some of the factors that are of
major importance when selecting
pullets for winter quarters. There
are, of course, many invisible factors
that cannot be measured such as (1)
breeding value, (2) egg size, (3) egg
numbers, (4) exact shell color, (5)
interior egg quality, (6) hatchability,
(7) rate of feathering, (8) longevity,
(9) disease resistance, (10) “egg-
production - breeding,” and many
other factors that might be listed.

It is, of course, possible to secure
some light on . a few of these by
knowing what the parents of these
pullets have done. Also, to have
observed and by selection during the
growing period to have sent to the
market all birds that have not
measured up to reasonable standards
of growth and feathering.

Practical Selection Factors

1. Good Growth. — In picking the
pullets that are to be carried through
the Winter, we surely do not want
birds that have not made good growth.
Some strains are too small, others
too large for efficient production.

2. Good Fleshing During Growth.
— We all desire birds that are well-
fleshed at all stages of growth. This
is not yet attained in many strains,
and better market types should be
gradually developed by selection; so
that in addition to high egg produc¬
tion, a better meat carcass can be
produced.

3. Breed Type and Body Size. —
We should endeavor to select pullets
for housing that reasonably represent
the breed we are handling. Body
size, as well as body conformation
should be considered. We desire
pullets with broad, relatively long
backs, and deep full bodies, indicat¬
ing capacity for large food handling.
Birds that have narrow heart girth
and “pinch-in” at the rear, are not
desirable types.

4. Good Pigmentation. — In dealing
with the yellow skinned birds, it is
of course desirable to have them
deeply pigmented at housing time.
Pale shanked, white skinned birds
should not be housed, because it
usually indicates physical weakness.
If some pullets have been laying for
a time on range their pigment will
be reduced in shanks and skin. This
evidence of production need not be
confused with physical weakness or
lack of pigmentation due to worms
or other internal parasitic infestation.

5. Uniformity of Color in Parti-
Colored Breeds and Varieties. — From
a practical standpoint our flock will
have a greater commercial value if
we attempt to grade our birds as
housed. Thus, we would discard
those birds of either extreme of color
and have a much more uniform
flock.

6. Defects and Disqualifications. —
Like tends to beget like, and for this
reason if we do not make some effort
to discard defects and disqualifi¬
cations, we will have to live with
them. No doubt side sprigs on the
comb, and feathers on the shanks of
clean legged birds have no effect,
one way or the other, on egg pro¬
duction. They do, however, have
some effect on breeding value if we
are selling hatching eggs or chickens
to people who do not want some of
these defects in their birds.

7. _ Quality in Pullets. — Marks of
quality in pullets indicate some of
the finer points of selection, such as
(1) thin velvety skin, (2) soft flexi¬
ble pelvic bones, in contrast to thick,
heavy, fat covered pelvic bones, (3)
good heart girth, ( 4) long, wide, deep
body, (5) clean cut head, with comb
and wattles of nice texture, and
velvety to the touch, (6) shanks
wedge shape, rather than round, (7)
bright, well set prominent eyes, in
contrast to deep set eyes with over¬
hanging eyebrow, (8) short, well set
beak, in contrast to long crow-like
beak, (9) complete feather covering
and well oiled.

8. Physical Vigor and Health. —

This is the first as well as always
the last consideration. Vigor can be
measui'ed only by the appearance
and condition of the bird. Its real
vigor will show up under confined
housing, as practiced most every¬
where today. All of the factors be¬
fore mentioned can be used to de¬
termine condition of health and
vigor. T. B. Charles

Pill J PTC _ UFMC Hanson’s World Record and

I UI.LL 1 O 1 1L11 J Tom Barron Breeding-334
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege. 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now •'AAAA’’
mating 4(k up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM. Bex 3041, HOLLAND. MICHIGAN

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc. quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Bex 66, Chestertown, Md.

BALANCED INCOME PLAN

Help You Make More Money!

Through habit, more than any¬
thing else, most poultry raisers
buy their chicks in the spring. This
means that all the expense of raising
pullets comes during the spring and
summer when egg prices are down
and poultry income is lowest. Laying
flocks have been depleted during the
winter through mortality and culling
and no replacements are available.

This fall, Purina announces the
revolutionary new “Balanced Income
Plan,” to meet situations like this.
Developed at the Purina Experimental
Farm and proven over a period of
years, this plan has many advantages
over the old “one-crop” method of
raising poultry.

Raise Fall Chicks This Year

Basis of the “Balanced Income Plan”
is the raising of more than one brood
of pullets a year. Out-of-season brood¬
ing is now possible, because of the
great improvement that has been
made in feeds during the past few
years. By following the Purina feed¬
ing program, you can raise just as

good pullets from fall-hatched chicks
as from spring-hatched chicks.

The time to take advantage of this
plan is now, by starting a brood of
fall chicks. Not only will you have
big pullets ready to lay and make
money for you next spring, you’ll
also be doing your part in your Gov¬
ernment’s campaign for increased
egg production.

Get the New Free Booklet

Your Purina dealer has a new 48-
page booklet which gives full details
of the “Balanced Income Plan.” Ask
him today for your copy. Ask him too
about Purina Layena, the complete
laying feed, or Purina Lay Chow, the
supplement that goes with your scratch
grain. Either of these feeds will help
you get the kind of egg production
that you want . . . the production
your Government is asking of you.

If your dealer has already given out
all his copie* of the new ‘ Balanced
Income” booklet write direct to
Purina Mills for it. It’s free and you’re
under no obligation.

PURINA MILLS

BUFFALO, N. Y.
WILMINGTON, OIL.

ST. JOHNSBUtY, VT.

**We (Znnua££y 'Produce

'A MILLION CHICKS
60,000 BROILERS
2,5 00 LAVERS

and ]jc££ow the

PROGRAM

“We hatch a quarter million
chicks and raise 60,000 broil¬
ers annually. Each Fall, we
house 2500 layers. In this large
scale operation, we depend on
B-B Feeds to keep our chicks,
growing birds, layers and
breeders in health, vigor and
high production. The best en¬
dorsement of B-B that we can
give is the fact that we follow
the B-B Complete Poultry
Feeding Program and recom¬
mend that all other poultrymen
follow this sound, proved and
economical program.”

Edward Vynalek

Durham, Conn.

EDWARD VYNALEK - DURHAM, CONN.

One of Mr. Vynalek’ s modem poultry houses.
This one has a capacity of 7,000 birds.

Hundreds of millions of extra eggs are needed for the defense
program and American poultrymen have been asked to produce
these. This means more hens in production and maximum egg
output from every hen.

A great many successful poultrymen have long depended on B-B
Vitamized Poultry Feeds and report that the B-B Complete Poultry
Feeding Program satisfies them 100%. They explain that B-B Vita¬
mized Layer & Breeder Mash produces eggs with exceptional hatch¬
ing qualities, with a high percentage of freedom from soft or poor
textured shells and that because B-B fed birds stay in splendid phy¬
sical condition, egg production stays up where they make a profit.
We believe you, too, will have an equally pleasing and profitable
experience with B-B Feeds. Therefore, we urge that you promptly
ask us or your B-B dealer for a free copy of the B-B Complete Poul¬
try Feeding Program and follow its sound, proved recommendations.

Maritime Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

504

<Ibt RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 507.

Help Wanted

OLD MAN to take care of small farm, light
work good home; $10 per month with
meals NICK THEODOROFF, Mountain
View Farm, Route 385, Athens, N. Y.

POULTRYMAN WITH some scientific back¬
ground and experience; able to run in¬
cubator; must be dependable, efficient and
clean; excellent future on modern farm with
laving flock of 3,000. Send snapshot with
application. JACK YELLEN FARM, Spring-
ville, N. Y. _ _

POULTRYMAN— Excellent opportunity for
an all-around poultryman about 35 to 50
years of age. Permanent position. State age,
references, wages expected. ADVERTISER
2332, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single, sober man for general
farm work. Willing to board himself. $2
a day with furnished cottage, milk vand
potatoes. ADVERTISER 2339, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, MIDDLE AGED, no cook¬
ing; **§dults; good home, $35. GLUCK.
Berkeley Ave., Westwood, N. J.

HERDSMAN WAITED for Guernsey herd,
mostly purebred. Write or call with full
particulars, past experience,' expectations,
etc. MEADOWBROOK FARM, Bernardsville,
N. J. Telephone 899.

HANDYMAN, KNOWLEDGE of plumbing,
painting, carpentry, steady year round
job. $40 month, maintenance. PINE HILL
LODGE, Mt. Freedom, N. J.

COUNTRY EXPERIENCED housekeeper, age
30-45. Modern country home for two adults.
Plain cooking and laundry. $35 month.
CARL DEBLER, Bordentown, N. J.

HOUSEWORKER, MIDDLEAGED, farm¬
house. Modern conveniences, two adults,
one school-child, two farmhands. $40.
SUNNYVALE, R. D. 3, New Brunswick, N. J.

WANTED BOY, helper; good home and $10
monthly. ADVERTISER 2346, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good cooks. Interested in se¬
curity and pleasant working conditions
but willing to work hard. Steady employ¬
ment 10 months each year assured for satis¬
factory. service. Starting salary $50 per
month plus board, room and laundry. If
interested write at once for application
blank. Address BURSAR, Perkins Institu¬
tion and Massachusetts School for the
Blind, Watertown, Mass.

COUPLE — Gardener - farmer experienced,
private estate, good gardener, also milk
and care of few goats. Wife board two pay¬
ing employees. Wages $100 month, un¬
furnished cottage, light, heat and fuel pro¬
vided. Positively no children. Reply must
state references, qualifications and religion.
ADVERTISER 2342, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single, experienced, reliable
machine and hand milker. Absolutely
sober. 30-45 years old. $50 per month and
board. ADVERTISER 2343, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Married man with small family.

Reliable and experienced machine and
hand milker. $80 per month. House with
modern improvements. 2 quarts milk daily.
No drinking. First class references. AD¬
VERTISER 2344, care Rural New-Yorker.

I AM looking for a firstclass herdsman for
purebred Hampshire hogs. A very con¬
scientious person with a history to prove it.
Apply CHARLES GOODALE, H. I. Farm,
South Country Road, Bayshore, Long Island.

HOUSEWORKER, DOCTORS family, three;

suburb New York. Must cook, t-rve-
Give 4&ge, height, weight, experience, refer¬
ences, photo, (will return) in first letter.
$50. ADVERTISER 2282, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MAN SINGLE, sober, handy on small poul¬
try farm. $30 a month, board. BRILLIANT,
R. D. 2, Bound Brook, N. J.

GIRL FOR general housework in family of
two adults and two small children. Room
and private bath provided. All electrical
appliances including dish washer. Work not
too heavy. Starting rate from $8 a week
depending on experience. Address appli¬
cation to J. D. LOCKTON, Stone Ridge
Road, Schenectady, N. Y.

WANTED— Married couple, no children, on
dairy farm; 16 cows. Good milker and
teamster. Wife to keep house and milk.
ADVERTISER 2372, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, CHILDLESS, year round Jersey
country home; two adults. Woman, house-
worker. Man handy, occasional driving;
must have car for own use. Full main¬
tenance, adequate leisure time. Good home,
permanent position. References required.
$50 month to start. ADVERTISER 2373, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED COUPLE for small farm.

Permanent year round position. Man, out¬
side duties; wife, cooking, housework. Two
rooms and bath in modern home, good
wages. Write ages, experience, etc. BOX
111, East Millstone, N. J.

COOK, HOUSEWORKER, white, Protestant.

Two adults, two children, four and seven.
Compact modern house, $60. Write E. B.
DANIELS, Darien, Conn.

WANTED — Experienced farmer, run 70 acre
general and poultry farm. House with
modern conveniences, fair salary and
shares. 60 miles from New York. Only extra¬
ordinary man who shoots at high income
and is willing to prove ability by taking
part in profits need apply. ADVERTISER
2370, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Assistant to herdsman for farm
in Monmouth County, New Jersey. FRANK
VAN SYCKLE, care Perth Amboy National
Bank, Perth Amboy, N. J.

WANTED — Gardener - handyman, single,
private school. Year round position; $50
month and living. RECTORY SCHOOL,
Pomfret, Conn.

GOOD MACHINE milker wanted bv grow¬
ing New England dairy. Tractor farming.
Good living conditions. Answer fully. AD¬
VERTISER 2375, care Rural New-Yorker.

30 COW modern dairy, seeks immediately,
reliable No. 2 man. Cows, equipment,
working conditions above average. Full par¬
ticulars, salary, photo if possible in first
letter. ADVERTISER 2376, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUPLE — Woman to do general housework
and cooking. Man must drive car and do
handy work around Long Island estate. Ideal
home conditions to a couple well . recom¬
mended. ADVERTISER 2378, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER — Experienced, white, 25-35,
doctor’s residence; three adults, one child
(8 years). $50 per month. Flushing, L. I.
ADVERTISER 2377, care Rural New-Yorker.

Situations Wanted (

MAN, MUST be handy, reliable and sober,
for general work on poultry breeding
farm. Good pay and board. Give full par¬
ticulars in first letter. MASON POULTRY
FARM, Riva Ave., Milltown, N. J.

GIRL OR woman to help with housework,
no cooking. Good home and $25 per month..
MASON, Milltown, N. J.

CARETAKER-FARMER to take charge of
gentleman’s place in Connecticut; no
cattle Must be experienced. Wages $60 and
house. ADVERTISER 2350, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — A young girl for domestic work.

Experience is not necessary. ADVERTISER
2352, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED GIRL or woman for general
housework. Good home and adequate
wages. Write full particulars. BOX 659, Mt.
Kisco, N. Y.

COMPETENT GENERAL houseworker,
family two adults; own room, bath. $12
weekly. State age, experience, weight,
references. MRS. KARL KULLE, Suffield,
Conn.

MIDDLEAGED MAN or couple. Man ex¬
perienced, dry-hand milker, drive car. No
drinker. If couple', woman to do housework.
Couple $75 month, single man $50 month
and board, private room with pleasant
surroundings. Good home, permanent po¬
sition for right persons, on goat dairy and
breeding farm. ADVERTISER 2357, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Competent housekeeper-cook for
doctor’s family, including only doctor and
her nurse. Write to DR. V. M. ROGERS
Lisle, N. Y.

CITY OWNERS of farms. You have had a
swell Summer and maybe tried out a few
ideas wishing you could carry them
through so that the place could become
moderately self-supporting with your own
milk, chickens, eggs, smoked hams, vege¬
tables and preserves as of old. Wouldn’t
you like to have a thoroughly dependable,
young, Christian couple to put your ideas
into action and also cook, chauffeur, clean,
etc. for you and your guests Summers and
occasional week-ends. Both good cooks,

good drivers, own car. No children. Wife a
competent stenographer. Husband handy

with tools, a fair milker and with moderate
knowledge of farming. Not servant type

but not afraid of hard work. Unimpeachable
character references. In reply please men¬
tion what livestock you have, if any, and
what maintenance the salary offered would
include. ADVERTISER 2306, care Rural

New-Yorker.

GARDENER, MARRIED, experienced, all
around. References. Daughter, housework.
ADVERTISER 2230, care Rural New-Yorker.

BERRY, VEGETABLE, poultryman prefers
to manage farm for owner; living else¬
where. ADVERTISER 2303, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Housekeepers’ position on dairy
or poultry farm, by good milker, poultry
woman. Son school age, help with chores.
ADVERTISER 2292, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED, MIDDLEAGED Christian citizen,
20 years experience, good references, wants
manager’s job on poultry farm where
knowledge and efficiency is rewarded.
Please state particulars in first letter. AD¬
VERTISER 2330, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER EXPERIENCED, excellent
cook. Protestant. E. DUNN, P. O. Box 96,
Grand Central Annex, New York.

WISH PERMANENT job as assistant
superintendent on working farm. Nor¬
wegian, drive car, tractor; bookkeeping
experience. Married, small child; deferred
draft. Offer to include house. State terms,
location, etc. ADVERTISER 2327, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARMER, SINGLE, desires position on
small place or a caretakers job. Experi¬
ence all around. Age 52, sober and honest.
MEHREN, 20 North William St., New York.

SUPERINTENDENT’S POSITION wanted by
man with thorough knowledge of poultry,
cattle, gardens, lawns, flowers and general
estate management. Working type. Refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2293, care Rural New-
Yorker.

GOOD POULTRYMAN, single, 40, at once.

ADVERTISER 2294, care Rural New-
Yorker.

ACCOUNT DOMESTIC trouble, desire
Protestant family of means, (city or
country) to taxe our boy 14, board, clothe,
school, treat as own, in exchange for chores.
Enters high school September, excellent
record. References. ADVERTISER 2296,
care Rural New-Yorker.

IS YOUR herd paying enough? I will
guarantee to produce low cost milk if
given a free hand. My experience is wide
in breeding, feeding and management of
large commercial herds of all breeds. Am
interested only in salary-percentage propo¬
sition. State terms. ADVERTISER 2335, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MANAGER OF large dairy and poultry
farm wants new connection; 34, married,
college trained. References will prove
character and ability to fill responsible
position. Detailed letters answered. ADVER¬
TISER 2337, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING CARETAKER, Swedish farmer,
lumberman, woodsman, carpenter, plumb¬
er; expert on skiis. Married, one daughter
age 12. ADVERTISER 2340, care Rural
New-Yorker.

REFINED MIDDLEAGED man, single, trust¬
worthy, desires light work in exchange for
good home. 1-2 Christian adults. Some poul¬
try experience. ADVERTISER 2345, care
Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRY MANAGER, married, thoroughly
experienced in incubation, breeding, cull¬
ing, management of large flocks, sale of
chicks, expert in securing best production.
Wants comfortable house, salary or shares.
ADVERTISER 2341, care Rural New-Yorker.

MODERN FARM, estate, etc. contact wanted.

War freezing exchange prevents execut¬
ing own plans. First class cook, bake,
butcher, slaughtering, curing. Specialty im¬
ported style pork by-products. Million
pounds imported pre-war Germany, Holland,
etc. By employment can establish earn¬
ing plus income enterprise; no competition
presently; October-May. ADVERTISER 2348,
care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPT. -GARDENER, married, 40, desires
position on estate. Lifetime experience, 8
years last position. References for character
and ability for the last 20 years. Only
permanent place considered. ADVERTISER
2349, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, MIDDLEAGED and son 17,
desire position with Protestant people on
Long Island or New York. Medium wages.
CLARA FIELD, Washington, N. J.

DEAF POULTRYMAN, 26. six years ex¬
perience, manages 2,500 layers, 15,000
broilers, works without supervision. Drivers
license. Wants farm on shares. ADVER¬
TISER 2300, care Rural New-Yorker.

ALL AROUND man, 56, single, desires work
on private estate; after Labor Day. F
642, Ellenville, N. Y.

September 6, 1941

BOARDERS WANTED, low rates. MAR¬
JORIE McCLELLAN FLINT, Randolph, Vt.

WANTED — Correspondence with elderly
person desiring pleasant modern home in
Maine. Excellent food, care, if desired. Rea¬
sonable. ADVERTISER 2358, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Elderly lady to board, private
house, $10 week; permanent. ADVER¬
TISER 2354^ care Rural New-Yorker.

| Fruits and Foods |

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Kiddies like honey. FRANK MAN¬
CHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

FINE HONEY: 60 lb. can here, white clover
$4.60; extra white $4.80; mixed clover-
fruit $3.80; 10 lb. pail delivered clovers

$1.65 and $1.75; mixed or buckwheat $1.40.
Honey for resale in retail packages. RAY
WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

NEW CLOVER honey, postpaid third zone.

Five lb. pail 85c; two $1.60; four $3.
HUGH GREGG, Elbridge, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY, postpaid into third zone;

1, 5-lb. pail- 85c; 2 pails $1.60. CHARLES
R. MILLER, 2003 Northampton St., Easton,
Pa.

NEW HONEY — Our best quality white clover,
60 lbs. $4.25; 120 lbs. $8. J. G. BURTIS,
Marietta, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Apples, crop of orchard 150
trees. Red Delicious and Golden Delicious,
A-l fruit J. E. SCHNEIDER, R. D. 2,
Flemington, N. J.

NEW HONEY, our choicest white clover,
60 lbs. $4.80; extra white $4.60; white
$4.25; light amber $3.90; amber $3.75.
A. J. NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

Miscellaneous

FOR SALE: One dairy utensil sterilizer and
washer with electric water heater 115 volts
alternating current complete with drying
rack. Brand new, never used, cost in 1939
$110, will sell for $75. One model FVRX4
commercial milk cooler capacity 4-40 quart
cans complete with 3 inch cork insulated
tank with flash cooling unit, automatic
milkhouse ventilating system, automatic can
rocker agitator and 6 cubic foot dry food
storage compartment. Brand new never used
purchased in 1939 for $275 as agency model,
will sell for $150. RALPH J. PARKER, Saw

MAN TO take care of dairy herd, $75-$100
per month. Albany County. ADVERTISER

2361, care Rural New-Yorker.

HANDYMAN FOR country place, good
permanent home and fair wages for neat,
reliable, industrious man. ADVERTISER

2362, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Preferably with another female;

man for gardening and chores; women
for cooking, general housework and laundry.
Fair wages, good living quarters; near
village in Westchester County, New York.
ADVERTISER 2363, care Rural New-Yorker.

WIDOW, DAUGHTER 14, excellent home¬
maker. Permanent. State conveniences,
salary; references exchanged. BOX
Mattituck, L. I.

duction, mechanized farming. Reliable. Re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2325, care Rural r
Yorker.

2333, care Rural New-Yorker.

care Rural New-Yorker.

EMPLOYER WISHES to place his farm Cc
manager on country estate or large dairy —
farm. Complete knowledge of all branches W
of agriculture. Only good opportunity con¬
sidered. ADVERTISER 2355, care Rural R.
New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN, 32. small family. No liquor
or bad habits. Milker, handy with horses sa
and tractor. Life experience, raised on farm. pr
Reference. ADVERTISER 2356, care Rural Ne
New-Yorker.

GARDENER EXPERIENCED, wants position,
private estate; no children. Good refer- lir
ences. A. GOTTHARDT, Millbrook, N. Y. El

MIDDLEAGED LADY wishes position as W
housekeeper for refined middleaged gentle¬
man; modern home; one adult. ADVER- M
TISER 2359, care Rural New-Yorker. —

GIRL 19, high school graduate 1940, well
bred, honest, reliable; would like position ar
with children. ADVERTISER 2360, care B
Rural New-Yorker.

- - - si

YOUNG WOMAN, hotel, institutional train¬
ing, position, supervising housekeeper, pi
assistant dietitian or cook, office work. N
ADVERTISER 2364, care Rural New-Yorker. —

FARM MANAGER, all branches; long record
of accomplishments. Specializing Guern- C£
seys, Leghorns. Proven profitable results.
ADVERTISER 2366, care Rural New-Yorker. “W

MAN WITH general farm and poultry ex- N
perience desires position. State particu-
lars. ADVERTISER 2367, care Rural New-
Yorker.

REFINED AMERICAN Protestant couple;

Cook, serve, housework, gardener, carpen¬
try, handyman; good home to high wages.
ADVERTISER 2371, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED PROTESTANT man desires po¬
sition as caretaker; reasonable wages and
good home. ADVERTISER 2369, care Rural
New-Yorker.

jjj Country Board

HARVEY’S MOUNTAIN View, Rochester,
Vermont. Elevation 1,440. Rooms, baths,
food, recreation, safe hills away from State
road Route 100. Early reservations. Single,
double, triple rooms. Screened porches,
furnace heat. Select clientiele.

“RIVERSIDE FARMS,” large, modern home
by river; swimming, boating, screened
porches; $7 and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

CONVALESCENT HOME: Ideal for elderly,
bedridden, diabetic, invalids. Excellent
nursing care. 20 mile from New York.
Beautiful country. Reasonable. ADVER¬
TISER 2291, care Rural New-Yorker.

GREER HOME, EUicottville, N. Y. for ladies,
aged couples. Permanent beautiful place.

BOARDERS WANTED, comfortable country
house with all modern conveniences; bath,
electricity, telephone. Pleasant location on
main road, near village, churches and stores.

Bus passes door; 65 miles from New York
City. Reasonable rates. MRS. R. FITZ¬
GERALD, House-in-the-Pines, R. F. D. 1,
Montgomery, N. Y.

MODERN, CONGENIAL farm home, plenty

1 good plain home cooking, excellent beds.

\ Ideal for permanent home and hunters. $30
, monthly. Gentiles. HELEN DITGES, Free¬
hold, N. Y. Telephone Greenville 13 F 23.

tops $1.50; 5 tatting edge handkerchiefs.

Will pay cash. JOHN AMIVAULT, Box 28,

milking machines complete with pump

casian queens, 60c each; very gentle and

couch. Describe fully. ADVERTISER 2338,

FIVE ACREjS AND
INDEPENDENCE

By M. G. RAINS, B. S ., M. S.

• i

A practical guide to the selection and
management of the small farm with
detailed advice and explanation on var¬
ious topics treated.

Revised and enlarged edition .

<t9 AO New York City residents
JTIlCe $4.^ add 2% Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street - New York City

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

505

Challenge to Dairymen

Though I am not gifted with the
poetic ability to answer the farm¬
ers’ wives from Jefferson, Otsego and
Monroe Counties in kind, I still
feel that I must add my bit to the
vast collection of literature, letters
and propaganda that has rolled over
the dam pertaining to the perplex¬
ing and disgraceful condition that has
prevailed in the New York milkshed
over a longer period than I care to
remember.

Heads of organizations, com¬
missioners, administrators, those with
axes to grind, and many more too
numerous to mention, have deplored
the farmer’s plight, each one having
his own brand of quack medicine
to cure the maglignant malady that
is slowly and surely undermining
the most vital and important in¬
dustry known to man.

No group of people is so pliable
or so paternalized today as the
American farmer. The aggressive
and independent spirit of our fore¬
fathers of the early West has de¬
teriorated, until today the farmer
is practically incapable of doing any
thinking and acting of his own. He
has been fed the crumbs of sub¬
servience from the banquet tables of
so many countless organizations
brought into being for his aggrand¬
izement, that a real diet of self
reliance and self assertion would
practically annihilate him.

He works and toils through the
hot days of Summer, droughts and
floods. Insects and weeds aggravate
his woes. Sickness and death take
their toll among his livestock. Sani¬
tary 'regulations all but drive him
crazy and when the very life pro¬
duct that is the result of his labor
and toil is set before his barn door
to be distributed among millions, he
stands mute and inarticulate,
stretching out his hand for the
pittance that is handed to him along
with flowery oratory and hollow
promises.

On those several occasions when
there was a feeble effort made to
establish a self respecting price and
farmers were asked to withhold their
milk, did they unite as one man
to accomplish a just and lasting
gain regardless of their affiliations?
They did not. Less than half did
their duty in the only forcible
manner at their command in pro¬
test against the shackles that held
them in bondage. Those doing the
loudest squawking were the ones
who scurried their milk to the
creamery under cover of darkness
or had their scab product escorted
under police protection to its point
of destination. Is it possible that
anything but greed or ignorance, or
both, would prompt such action?

To the lady who deplores the lack
of leadership, there have been many
fine men and women who have
taken up the farmers’ cause, notably
among them Mr. John J. Dillon and
Senator Rhoda Fox Graves. These
public spirited men and women have
used every means at their command
to point the way toward a solution
of this vital and engrossing problem.
A solution swift and sure, that
stands as a beacon light to distressed

farmers who choose to ignore them
and follow the Pied Pipers of the
debased milk monopoly into the
mire of debts and humilation.

Why continually berate the deal¬
er? After all he is but human and
he can’t be blamed altogether if his
place in the sun is handed him on a
silver platter.

The word “surplus” has been the
battle cry that has bludgeoned the
farmer well nigh into insensibility.
It has given him an inferiority com¬
plex each Spring that makes him
bow his head in shame when he
views with dismay the extra cans
of milk that are the result of nature’s
lavishness and bounty. “Surplus,”
they say. There is no surplus. If
one pint of milk were within the
financial reach of every man, woman
and child in the U. S. A. daily, there
would not be enough to go around.

The statement that city folks think
farmers are backward and dumb,
may be true but it is not true when
you say they have not had their
chance. They have had it over and
over again. And now a paternal
government is slowly and surely
taking the issue out of their hands.

Labor stands united to attain their
goal, for the most part just and
honorable. The present upheaval
in their ranks is not American labor
but a subversive element which finds
the present time propitious to sow
the seeds of discontent. The Ameri¬
can Legion and many other worthy
organizations stand in harmonious
accord behind any legislation that
tends toward the betterment of
themselves and their fellow man.

Where is the farmer and his repre¬
sentation? There is a union that gave
a promise for better things but whose
house now stands divided and in¬
secure. Other than that there is the
Dairymen’s League, whose sole
function as a dealer-cooperative is
to lull the farmer to sleep with
platitudes. There is the Bargaining
Agency, a pack of “swivel chair
barons” whose badge of servitude is
so proudly displayed on the cars of
its willing victims, and a host of
smaller fry who can’t resist the
temptation to dip their greedy hands
into the farmers’ milk cans that
have proven a veritable “pot-o-gold”
for everyone but the producer him¬
self.

It is not my purpose to criticise
the farmer. I give tribute to his
many fine qualities. I can only hope
he will take his problems in his own
hands and heed the words of his
staunchest friend, Mr. John J. Dillon
who says in the closing chapter of
his book “Seven Decades of Milk”:

“The time is right. If we face
the task with charity, unity and
justice as our guides, we can in
sixty days restore prosperity to our
dairy industry and make it per¬
manent.

“Prosperity in the dairy business
awaits the united action of farmers.
To them I say — adopt a true co¬
operative plan and I pledge myself
to work in the ranks with you to
the limit of my strength, my ability
and my resources.”

Here is a challenge and a promise
that farmers dare not ignore.

New York Mrs. Frederick Roll

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for July 1941 is $2.30 for 3.5 per cent
milk in the 200-210 mile zone. This uniform
price is based on the following prices:
Class 1 (fluid milk in marketing area) $2.65;
Class 1 (outside non-federal) $2.50; Class 1
(relief) $2.08; Class 2- A (fluid cream)
$2,242 per cwt.

The five other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $2,122; 2-C,
$2,141; 3-A, $2,041; 4-A, $1,588; 4B, $1,914.

Fluid sales for the whole month of July
1941 amounted to 209,778,492 pounds and
there was a total of 502,903,774 pounds in
the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 16 cents;
29 '/2 cents for 2-quart containers.

BUTTER ‘

Premium marks, 36 to 37V4c; 91 to 92 score,
34% to 35%c; unsalted, best, 36'/2 to 37%c.
EGGS

White, premium marks, 37 to 38c; specials,
35c; mediums, 33c; brown, special, 35c;
standard, 31c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2>/2 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, iy2 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality. Undergrades and small sizes pro¬
portionately lower.

Fowls, 18 to 22c; chickens, 19 to 24c;
roosters, 15 to 16c; ducks, 12c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 20c; chickens, 20 to 29c; ducks,
17c; turkeys, 26c; squabs, 36c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers'. $11; cows; $8; bulls, $9; calves,
$14; sheep, $5; lambs, $13; hogs, $12.15.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $2; cabbage, 50 lbs., 85c;
cauliflower, crate, $2; sweet corn, 100, $1;
onions, 50 lbs., $1.25; peppers, bu., 90c;
lettuce, crate $2; tomatoes, 20-qt. crate, $1;

potatoes, 100 lbs., $1; sweet potatoes, bu., $2.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., 75c to $1; blackberries, qt.,
25c; huckleberries, qt., 25c; pears, bu., $1.75;
.peaches, bu., $2.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK
Butter, 46c; eggs, 50c; stringbeans, lb.,
10c; peas, lb., 15c; huckleberries, qt., 40c;
blackberries, qt., 35c; peaches, lb., 3 to 4c;
muskmelons, each, 20c.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter — Creamery', higher scoring 37 to
37!/2c; extras, 36140; 90 score, 3514c.

Eggs — Boston fruit and produce call mar¬
ket and street sales. Nearby specials, 44<
mediums. 34c; pullets, 25c; peewees, 18<
western hennery, brown, 41c; white, 39<
extras, 37c; extra firsts, 35c; firsts, 30 1
30V2c.

Apples— Duchess, 85c to $1.10 bx.; Graver
stems, $1 to $1.25 bx.; McIntosh, $1.75 t
$2.50 bx.; Wealthy, $1 to $1.35 bx.

Dressed Poultry — Native fowl, fancy, 1
to 25c; medium, 21 to 23c; chickens, fane'
24 to 26c; others, 21 to 23c; broilers, fane
22 to 23c; medium. 18 to 20c; roosters, 18(
ducklings, 16 to 17c; western fowl, 30-1
lbs., 19 Vic; 36-42 lbs.. 20'ic; 43-47 lbs., 21Vi<
48-54 lbs., 22c; 55-59 lbs.. 23y2c; 60 lbs
25c; western chickens, 17-24 lbs., 2iy2<
25-35 lbs., 22>/2c; 36-47 lbs., 23c; 48-54 lbs
24c; 55-59 lbs., 24 Vic; heavier, 25c; froze:
26 Vic; turkeys, northwestern hens and tom
28 to 34c.

Live Poultry — Fowl, over 6 lbs., 19 1
20;c under 6 lbs., 19 to 20c; chickens, roas
ers, 18 y2 to 19c; fryers, 17 to 18c; broiler
17 V2 to 18c. roosters, 14c.

Fruit— Grapefruit, $4 to $4.50 bx.; lemon
$5.50 to $6 bx.; oranges, $4 to $5.50 bx
blackberries. 11 to 14c; blueberries, native
19 to 23c; qt.; pears. Clapp, $1 to $1.25 b:

Potatoes— Native cobblers, 85c to $1 bx
$1.25 to $1.50 per 100-lb. bag, 70 to 85c p«
bag; L. I, and Eastern Shori

$1.35 to $1.60 per 100 lbs.; sweet potatoe
$1.65 to $2.50 bu. bskt.

YOU DON’T NEED MORE COWS
OR BETTER COWS''

Abetter feed and a real
feeding system is what’s
. needed today on thou¬
sands of America’s dairy farms.
More efficient use of the cow ma¬
chinery that we already have. A
better understanding of how this
machinery works and of what a
really good feed
does for the cow
that eats it.

Many a dairy¬
man has had the
surprise of his life
when he changed
to Larro “Farm-
tested” Dairy
Feed. And then
he has had another when he
started feeding Larro the Larro
way. Each step was a real step for¬
ward— and upward — in health,
milk production and profit. “I had
no idea those cows could make
milk like that!” is the way many
have expressed it.

Health comes first when you

feed the Larro way. For only a
healthy cow can perform up to her
inherited ability— make a lot of
milk and produce sturdy rugged
calves for your replacements. And
you feed her economically — ac¬
cording to production — without
waste of either roughage or grain.

* * * * * *

^ ml . more

three. Our

,h 9*

With EFFICIENCY. .

********

Have a talk with
your Larro dealer
and also drop us a
line saying how
many cows you
have. We’d like to
send you a free
Larro Dairy Book
—tell you what
we’ve found out in
making free Larro herd checks—
and tell you about the Larro
Feeding system that is doing so
much to help America’s dairymen
solve their “more milk” problem.

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

arret

DAIRY mi

SYSTEM

Thrm-tgfted' is a registered trade-mark of General Mills, Inc.

Christie'sNEW HAMPSHIRE,

ful'/orSPIZZERINKTUM

'\F0R AUTUMN BROILERS AND
LATE WINTER & SPRING LAYERS

Christie’s world-famous SPIZZER-
INKTUM New Hampshires ami
^Chris-Cross BARRED Hybrids grow
fast, feather completely, in all weathers
and all climates. Hatches every week in
the year, from 40,000 State Pullorum
Tested Breeders — NO Reactors.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

PULLETS-PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list.

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville, N. J.

r OF QUALITY-CASH OR CM

VL mtrmm : BLoornm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckts.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns, Special. . $7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R, McALISTER V I LLE, PA.

Hanson Strain Leghorns

From 2 to 4 year old hen breeders. For fall del. Write
for Catalog and Prices. C. M. SH ELLEN BERGER’S
POULTRY FARM, Box 34, RICHFIELD, PENNA.

Hardy Chicks from our

5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.

Clean Breeders. Make

I BARRED RQCHS

1 U11IIIILU IIUwllw erels. Folder. Chamber¬
lin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

WHITE ROOK

PLYMOUTH l» W IV
October Chicks $12-100

JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

mmc/tmems emeus

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $8.00 per 100;
Heavy Mixed $7.00-100. Ail breeders Blood-Tested.

CIRCULAR FREE. 100% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Leghorn Pullets p“

range. From blood tested stock. Vaccinated. Some now
laying. A. H. PENNY, MATTITUCK, NEW YORK

506

Tftr RURAL NEW. YORKER

September 6, 1941

U. S. Gov’t

Farm Wagon

We have been for- AVI V
tunate in securing a V/ ll L I
limited supply of
these Ambulance
Wagons from the U.

S. Gov’t. They make
a dandy utility Farm Wagon.
Perfect condition — never used —
shipped knocked down in origi¬
nal crates just as delivered to
U. S. Gov’t. While they last
our price only $42.50, F. O. B.
Schenectady, N. Y.

An Opportunity of a Lifetime!

Wagon body is 9 ft. long. 4 ft. 7 in. wide; front wheels 3 ft. — rear 4 ft.; round edge Steel
Tires 2% in. wide — % in. thick; Oak Body has heavy floor with 2 side seats full length, fold
up or removable; 7 Steel tempered Springs. Upholstered Driver’s Seat — 2 Side Damps — hickory
or Ash Tongue. Double-trees, Neckyoke chains — Foot Brakes. Painted 4 coats. A wonderful,
strong utility farm wagon. Supply limited. Be sure to get one at this low price.

Handy Farm Cart At a Give-Away Price — ONLY $24.50

Another rare bargain is a horse drawn, strongly built
Farm Cart. Cost the Gov't $175.00. Our Price only $24.50
F. O. B. Schenectady, N. Y. Carts never used— Shipped
knocked down in original crates. Body 7 ft. 7 in. long —
4 ft. 3 in. wide — 2 ft. deep, with tail board and heavy
floor. Wheels 4% ft. high. Iron Tires. 3 in. wide —

% in. thick Steel Axel 2x2 in. Body and Shafts white

Oak or Hickory. Cart is complete with brakes and

axel wrench.
Painted i3 coats,
brand new
at a give¬
away price.
Guaranteed as represented. Publishers would not print
this ad. if carts and wagons were not as described.

Send check or Money Order today.

NATIONAL ELECTRIC TOOL CO.

Dept. B-9, 1915 S. State St. Chicago, III.

Thef>;$S

A for

TRADE

ERICH

Whether it’s a silo filler, feed mill,
or pick-up cutter, it will stand rough
going if it carries the Frick trade¬
mark. Nearly 90 years’ experience
as builders of power farming ma-
cj^inery are your assurance that
Frick equipment is made to stand up
under heavy duty, year in and year
out, while earning a profit for you.
Whatever your needs for power
farming, there’s a Frick machine to
meet them. Get the full facts and
figures now; see your nearest
Frick Branch or Dealer.

Branches at: Canandaigua and Scotia, N. Y.;
Pittsburgh, Williamsport, Harrisburg and
Easton, Penna.

FRICK CO./

WAYNESBORO, PA.

POWER FARMING MACHINERY

1941 sales forecast biggest Mari¬
etta Silo year ever for 1 942. But, with
production cost rising, we dare not
guarantee prices beyond Jan. I. . . .
So, write nearest office NOW — for full
particulars about World's Safest Silo
— Marietta Super-Concrete Construc¬
tion . Place your order at present

price — for later delivery — and SAVE
the difference.

Marietta Concrete Corp.

Marietta, Ohio Baltimore, Md.

Scotia. N. T. Lilesville, N. C.

Dr • Naylor’s

UNITE F1

A thorough treatment for
stubborn conditions-Cow Pox,
Hoof Rot, Hoof Lameness,
Thrush, Bruises, Calk Wounds.
★Antiseptic* Per bottle $1 .00.

At dealers or by mail postpaid.

H. W. Naylor Co ., Morris, N.Y,

<WUV.WAlAVVVVVlj%%VWWV

jWTZ'

UNITE

•SSxX »»
o/v.jy, n»-«-

JE3-. j

«. ik:}

| Let the
HINMAN MILKER

help INCREASE
your PRODUCTION!

The government has asked the
dairy industry to step up production
— and the Hinman Milker will help
you do your parti

Here’s the milker endorsed by lead¬
ing dairymen from coast to coast. The
Hinman will help you get more milk,
more butterfat. Using only 10" of
vacuum it’s a safer, gentler type of
milking that soothes cows, keeps them
relaxed and empties the udder3 faster
— up to 15 cows per hour with one
unit. So simple
to operate, a
12-year-old boy
or girl can do
the milking.

FREE new
folder gives all
the facts. Write today!

HINMAN MILKING
MACHINE CO., Inc.

Box 21 Oneida, N. Y.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in yonr address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the addreBB label
on your R. N.-Y., and two weeks in advanco
if you wish to change your address.

THE RUBAI, NEW-YORKER.

JWWAftW^VWVWUVUWJVW

OPERATORS

PROSPER!

'Fords Portable Ham*
mermill Operators now
“cashing in” on stead¬
ily increasing nation-wide demand for custom-mixed
feeds on farmers’ own premises. Only Fords equipment
performs all three optional services: straight-grind¬
ing. mixing with supplements, and “sweet feed" pro¬
duction by exclusive Molasses Impregnator. Positively
no delay for mixing. 25% down, balance from earn¬
ings. Investigate today.

MYERS-SHERMAN CO.

1222 East 12th. Street. Streator, Illinois

Publisher’s Desk

In our last issue we referred to
a complaint against the United
Ut.Jties, Watertown, Mass. Mr. Chas.
Feldman, President of the company,
telephoned us from Boston saying
they had no office in Watertown,
Mass., but were located in Boston
with offices in New England and New
York. They are a responsible con¬
cern with a high rating. Mr. Feldman
did not neglect the correspondence
inasmuch as he never received the
letters and knew nothing of the
complaint. He assured us that he
would take the matter up at once
and either refund the money paid
for the mattress or see that a satis¬
factory mattress was delivered. The
misunderstanding arose from the
fact that the reader had the in¬
correct address, which was the ad¬
dress given by the salesman.

Attention has been called to the
activity of stock swindlers who
seem to have been operating with
increased vigor of late. There is a
little more money in wages and stock
swindlers see a chance to get some
of it. A large number of fraudulent
operators are preying on the credu¬
lous people of the country and this
is the time to be careful. Make a
thorough investigation of any stock
offered. Do not be hurried into sign¬
ing for same but insist on time to
reflect and consider and ascertain if
the company and its agents are
sound. And do not trade a good
stock for some other unless and
until you have found out whether
it is a fair exchange. Usually it is
fair only to the agent. A represen¬
tation that this is your last chance
to get in on the ground floor should
be a red light of warning. It is a
favorite scheme of irresponsible
salesmen to rush you into signing
contracts.

I want to say The R. N.-Y. is a
good paper. I consider it the best
agricultural paper published in the
U. S. A. Some don’t like it because
it states facts and truths, which
they do not like to hear, but truth
has more power than lies and will
always win out in the long run. You
can’t keep a good thing down. I love
the truth and honor it. So push your
paper and tell the truth and you
will win. c. w. R.

New York

We appreciate this commendation.
It is our aim to give our readers
facts from which they can make
correct judgments, and we believe
in the end right will prevail.

J. Fred Malone and Joe J. Malone
who operate a clothing business in
Rome, Georgia, have also used the
names Harper Mfg. Co., Malone
Clothing Mfg. Co., Gray-Dickson
Co., and Piedmont Clothing Co.
They appeared in Buffalo, took
orders and left many complaints
behind them. They adopt a new
name every year. The Federal Trade
Commission complaint charges that
suits are not made to order, that
fabrics are inferior to samples
shown, that agents falsely claim
connection with well-known firms
and adjustments are refused.

Thank you a lot for the interest
and help you gave me in my case'.
They sent part payment and prom¬
ised to send the balance in a short
while. I wrote to them again asking
for the balance and threatening to
ask you to help me again. I re¬
ceived a check for the amount very
promptly. Thanks again for your
wonderful service. I hope to be a
subscriber to your wonderful farm
paper for another 18 years. Keep up
the good work in behalf of us farm¬
ers. We need someone to fight for
us. o. P.

New York

It is a pleasure to know we have
successfuly served an old time sub¬
scriber. The same careful attention
will be given all our readers.

Will you please tell me how much
milk a farmer can sell in New Jersey
without obtaining a State license. I
mean the milk produced on his own
farm and sold to the neighbors.

New Jersey l. b.

The New Jersey Milk Control
Board advise that a farmer may
sell milk from his farm in New
Jersey to customers who bring their
own containers. It is necessary, how¬
ever, for him to have a license. There
is no limit on the quantity he may
selL

My son, Clayton LeRoy Whitmore,
14 years old, has been missing since
July 31. He is about 5 ft. 4V2 inches
in height, weighs around 126 pounds,
very fair blond hair, blue eyes,
dimples in each cheek. Has a jagged
scar on left hand. Wore a red riding
shirt trimmed in black, tan cowboy
hat, navy blue trousers, tan oxford
shoes. Called himself “Tex” and
was riding a white and blue bicycle.
If found please notify his mother
who is ill from worry. Mrs. Hazel
M. Whitmore, R. No. 1, Randolph,
New York.

Complaint has been issued by
the Federal Trade Commission
against the Milk and Cream Can
Institute, the milk can industry’s
trade association, and also against a
promoting and organizing group and
nine manufacturing corporations. It
is stated some one million ice cream
cans a year are sold by the corpo¬
rations involved. The charge is an
unlawful combination to suppress
competition in the manufacture, sale
and distribution of milk and ice
cream cans. The Commission alleges
that D. S. Hunter and associates
have cooperated with the Milk and
Ice Cream Can Institute to so con¬
spire and, it is charged, members
of the Institute cooperatively an¬
nounced prices under a “freight
equalization plan” in such a way
that the delivered costs are the same
to a purchaser regardless from
whom the purchase is made. The
freight rate factors used in making
up bills for customers for goods sold,
it is alleged, are not actual official
freight rates. A check is kept on
allowances for defective or damaged
cans with a view to curtailing
allowances and making them uni¬
form, the complaint alleges, and
further alleges that competition is
eliminated by promoting uniformity
of design and pattern. This, it is
charged, results in enhancing prices,
causes wasteful cross-shipping of the
cans, requires customers of the same
corporation to pay different prices
for the same type of cans and de¬
prives nearby pui^h“sers of any
price benefit because of such prox¬
imity. Complaint against ten manu¬
facturers of milk, cream and i,ce
cream cans was dismissed.

In the Fall of 1937 we bought
from a salesman for The Electric
Paint & Varnish Co., 15 gallons of
red barn paint at $1.65 per gallon,
5 gallons of white house paint at
$2.75 per gallon and one-half gallon
green paint at $1.75; total $40.25. We
used part of the red paint and when
first put on it looked good but in a
short time it turned black. About
the same time my two brothers used
the same paint and it also turned
black like mine. My other brother
bought paint from another company
at 8fi cents per gallon for barn paint.
They were both put on about the
same time. Now his still looks good
and ours is terrible. We wrote to the
company and the agent came and
looked at the paint and said he
would make it good but he did not.
He 16 ter died. We wrote to the
company twice. The last time they
did not reply. We still have five
gallons red, and five gallons of the
white not used. If you can collect
the money for the paint not used we
would sure appreciate it? r. e.

Delaware

The company claims the customer
did not buy the best grade of paint;
that there was no guarantee with it;
that any arrangement with the sales¬
man did not “implicate” them, nor
could materials be returned for
credit. They asked for further in¬
formation and hoped to arrive at a
“satisfactory conclusion.” Because of
his experience our reader did not
want replacement of the paint and
the company would not make a cash
refund. At the price paid the paint
should have been of good quality.
While the company professed that
they wanted to come to an agreeable
settlement, they would not adjust
on any other terms than replace¬
ment.

Will you please print this in your
page? P. Y.

This reached us with a request but
neither name or address was given.
We cannot answer letters that are
unsigned and without an address.
All letters are kept confidential and
names are not disclosed when so
requested.

Subscribers ’Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach ns Thnrsday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance ol date of issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

WANTED — Farm now being worked, not
over 75 acres, within 60-70 miles New
York City. Good buildings, adaptable for
dairy; water, electricity. Give price, details
as to land, buildings, altitude. ADVERTISER
2351, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000; cash $500; balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Five modern farms in Central
Pennsylvania on hard surfaced roads. In¬
quire, E. E. SCHMICK, Elmira, N. Y-.

FRUIT AND chicken farm for sale, 206
acres, maple trees; six rooms. MRS.
SANDERSON, Route 10, Foxhill Road,
Bernardston, Mass.

EXCHANGE OR for sale, super-service gas
station in village on corner. Steam heated,
modern, 14 rooms; exchange for large
modern poultry farm. ADVERTISER 2219,
care Rural New-Yorker.

A SMALL farm, city conveniences, fruit of
all kinds, shade and water. In the beauti¬
ful Shenandoah Valley, 3 miles from Court
House, on hard surface road. C. A.
DeVENNY, R. F. D. No. 5, Staunton, Va.

TEN ACRES, dirt road, no buildings, cellar
wall, well, apples,, fishing; Cobleskill
N. Y.; $150 cash. ADVERTISER 2237, care
RuraT New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 75 acre farm with stock, 35
room boarding house equipped, improve¬
ments, other buildings excellent condition.
ROY HESS, Jeffersonville, N. Y.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

FOR SALE: General store in small town.
Northern Pennsylvania. Doing $40,000 busi¬
ness; will stand strict investigation. AD¬
VERTISER 2258, care Rural New-Yorker.

WILL EXCHANGE two valuable seashore
lots in beautiful Wildwood, N. J.; for
small comfortable house and farm land. AD¬
VERTISER 2304, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Two small farms for poultry,
one of 4 acres, 6 room house, barn, elec¬
tricity; price $2,500, one-half cash. Also 10
acres, 7 rooms, cabin, improvements, 3 story
poultry house; $6,500. HARRY VAIL,
Warwick, N. Y.

100 ACRE dairy add,-* gultry farm, on black
top highway 4" "nines from Middletown,
Conn., population 20,000. Eight room, two
story house, piped water, electricity, shaded
lawn. 60 ft. barn, 17 cow stable, drinking
cups, silo, two story poultry house. $5,000.
Terms. FEDERAL LAND BANK, Spring-
field, Mass.

NEW REAL estate catalogue now ready for
distribution. It will give you descriptions
and prices of 74 Lancaster County selected
farms and homes. Write for your copy today.
McCLURE BROS., Quarryville, Pa.

FOR SALE: 64 acres woodlot timber, city
water, electricity, spring. Ideal for bunga¬
low colony. Mail route, good road, IV2 miles
from Leeds. Excellent buy. MRS. F. S.
NEWMAN, 610 East 93rd St., New York City.

27 ACRES, 7 room house, bath, lights,
furnace, 2 miles Saratoga; reasonable.
Write JOSEPH BAUMGARTNER, Saratoga
Springs, N. Y.

154 ACRE dairy farm in Sennett, N. Y., on
main Route 5, 20 miles from Syracuse, 5
miles from Auburn, afhple water supply,
city electrical current, excellent house and
-barns in A-l condition. Also 270 acre dairy
farm on Cayuga Lake with about one-half
mile lake front, 12 miles from Auburn V/2
miles from Union Springs, N. Y. Land and
buildings in good condition running water
and electricity. These farms have been run
as dairy farms, have been well stocked
and worker 10 years. Will sacrifice to close
an estate. BRAYER BROTHERS Auburn,
New York.

FOR SALE: 12 room hotel, equipped; Main
St. plot, 50x385. MRS. PHILIP ORTH,
Callicoon, N. Y.

FARM — Suitable boarders; pine forest.

brook, 110 miles New York City, Catskill
region. Full particulars. PROBST, 534
Jackson Ave., Bronx, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Splendid farm, brick house,
bank barn, 65 acres, suburban section!
Southern Pennsylvania near Waynesboro. If
interested apply to H. J. BENCHOFF,
Woodstock, Va.

$800 'VILLAGE home, 8 rooms, need some
repairs, electricity, pump in kitchen, iy2
acres, all tillable, suitable for one or two
families. C. HOLMQUIST, Route 3, Box 59,
Seaford, Delaware.

AT WELLS, Maine, an all around farm for
sale; tourist home, land for cabins.
A. LITTLEFIELD.

SALE — 20 acres woodland, $1,000. BOX 174,
Medford, L. I.

10 ACRE farm, house, 5 rooms, all improve¬
ments. $20 per month. HARRY WAYLER,
Otisville, N. Y., or Wayler, 1181 49th St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

WILL TAKE as part payment, small farm.
New York State, exchange gasoline sta¬
tion, garage, fine six room bungalow. Par¬
ticulars. ADVERTISER 2309, care Rural
New-Yorker.

60 ACRES, 9 room house, bath, improve¬
ments, barn, poultry houses, good shape.
Woods, elevation, on mail road. Owner.
Price $3,600. ADVERTISER 2311, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Established goat farm. Send
full particulars. WM. INHELDER, 744
Bruce St., Ridgefield, N. J.

WANTED — Going farm about 40 acres, poul¬
try or adapted poultry. Fruit desirable,
good buildings; Dutchess, Columbia. Bar¬
gain. Have fair amount of cash. Spring or
other water supply. ADVERTISER 2353,
care Rural New-Yorker.

LANDSCAPING-GARDEN supplies, whole¬
sale, retail; showroom, modern 6 room
house, Sunrise Highway, Long Island.
Owner drafted. $8,500; half cash. ADVER¬
TISER 2312, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR RENT, or will lease on shares, 160
acre farm with modem 7 room house, 2
baths. Small herd registered Guernseys
available to start. For free details write,
LOOKAWAY FARM, Buckingham Valley,
Bucks County, Pa.

FOR SALE: Modern convenient home,
equipped poultry plant, capacity 2,500
hens. 78 acres, electricity, gas, running
water, truck, one cow and calf. Improved
road, !4 mile to village, near Olean, N. Y.
and Bradford, Pa. Gas and oil right on 10
acres. Information furnished. NELSON
BRIDGE, Shinglehouse, Pa.

SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS: 50 acres,
springs, streams, accessible to state road,,
electricity. $1,000, terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

FARMS FOR sale. Upper Hudson Valley,
New York State. Warren, Washington and
Saratoga Counties. General farm, 2 miles
from village. 55 acres. Fruit, chicken house,
barn with 9 tie-ups and 2 stalls. 2 story
house with furnace and slate roof. $2,500.
Dairy farm. 128 acres, 108 acres tillable.
Barn with 22 tie-ups, 4 stalls, large hay
barn. 2 story house, 9 rooms with furnace,
slate roof. $3,500. Many others. Write for
lists. TOM ROGERS AGENCY, 7Va Ridge
St., Glens Falls, N. Y.

300 FERTILE acres, 200 tillable, balance
pasture and woods. Estimated 120,000 ft.
principally white oak, 500 cords wood. 75
miles to New York City. Ideal stock farm.
Price $7,500, terms. O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill,
New York.

WANTED TO rent equipped poultry-dairy-
fruit farm, main highway, with option;
consider stocked farm on shares. Experi¬
enced, reliable character. Particulars. Vi¬
cinity Albany, Pittsfield. ADVERTISER 2365,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Small farm, five acres, house on
knoll, secluded spot, electricity. In the
vicinity of Matawan. Answer by mail only.
KATHRYN BOHNSACK, 225 William St.,
Rahway, N. J.

WANTED — Chicken farm within 100 miles
from New York City. BROWNSHIELD,
1900 Grand Concourse, Bronx, N. Y.

WANTED — One to two acres with or with¬
out buildings, vicinity Syosset, L. I. State
price and terms. M. W. SEIDEL, 78 Pine
Ave., Floral Park, L. I.

WANTED — Bungalow plot with trees,
Ulster County. Price moderate. ADVER¬
TISER 2316, care Rural New-Yorker.

FORECLOSURE, SACRIFICE, 18 room hotel,
fully furnished, bar and grill, all year
business. 11 acres woods, main state road
through Catskill Mts. $3,500, $1,000 cash,
balance easy. BOX 13, East Windham, N. Y.

FLORIDA DAIRY and retail route for sale.

Would consider an exchange for good
farm further North. ADVERTISER 2374, care
Rural New-Yorker.

Help Wanted

SMALL POULTRY and berry farm, iy4
acres. Two buildings, one, 48x20, and
16x10 with loft, fruit trees and vegetables,
household furniture, garden and chicken
house equipment, three brooder cages, few
laying hens, 70 eight-week-old Rock chicks,
some Muscovy ducks, three milk goats, elec¬
tricity and good deep well. Farm well
known for selling goods. Full details, write
C. G. BOX 223, Old Bridge, N. J. Phone
South River 958 R 2.

EXPERIENCED. HERDSMAN wanted, to
take full charge of a foundation Holstein
herd. Must have experience with test cows
and herd management; $30 per week. Board
out. TRAENDLY’S ROWAYTON GREEN¬
HOUSES, Rowayton, Conn.

CHRISTIAN YOUNG man to assist on
small poultry and dairy farm in Eastern
Virginia; must have clean habits and good
references. ADVERTISER 2225, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED TO lease, poultry farm, 20 miles
from Philadelphia. State rent. ADVER¬
TISER 2320, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $50 and board. Write age, refer¬
ence, experience, weight, height. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

WANTED — Fruit farm, lower Hudson Valley.

Give complete details. GEORGE D’ELIA
498 East 25th St., Paterson, N. J.

SIX ACRE apple orchard, excellent young
trees, exchange for upkeep of grounds.
Sundays. KREMER, Joe’s Hill Road,
Danbury, Conn.

WANTED — Caretaker, goat dairy; room,
board. State experience, wages. EX¬
CELSIOR GOAT FARM, Port Murray, N. J.

MEN WANTED on large poultry killing,
dressing plant. Feed, water, slaughter and
pack poultry. Key position for experienced
men. ADVERTISER 2268, care Rural New-
Yorker.

NEW EIGHT room bungalow, garage,
chicken houses, driven well, running
water, electricity, macadam road, school
bus and Greyhound passes. Convenient to
stores, churches, amusements. $3,000, $2 000
cash, mortgage $1,000 or will exchange for
farm. ERNEST MILLETT, East Durham,
New York.

WANTED — Experienced married and single
farmers, good wages and privileges; year
around job. MALNATI BROS., Ashley Falls,
Massachusetts.

PAYING FARM, 12 acres cultivation, eight
m woods. Six room home, shade, good
water. Houses for 600 layers. Taxes $29
Established egg route, Chickens, tractor,
equipment included for $2,100. HENRY
. SCHNELL, Petersburg, N. J.

HOUSEWORKER — Small family with two
school children, living in the country; de¬
sire young girl, white, for general house¬
work, pleasant surroundings; own room, $25
monthly. P. O. BOX 193, Suffern, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent, small chicken farm,
within 40 miles New York City. ADVER¬
TISER 2326, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Couple, unencumbered, wanted
on small farm. Family two adults. Wife
cooking, housework; man experienced farm¬
er. Full maintenance, room and bath in
main house. State ages, references, wages.
ADVERTISER 2305, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Eight room house in village
of Berne; garage and garden. M

HUESTED, Greenville, N. Y. (Greene Co.)

BOY OVER 17 interested to learn dairy
farming, good board, permanent work;
wages $25 month. H. METZ, Succasunna,
New Jersey.

TO SETTLE estate, a very good 30 acre
poultry farm. I. BURKEE, Sherburn, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 159 acres, whole or part, 30 head
cows, 30 acres (asparagus), 16 room house
with modern conveniences; seven miles to
Fort Dix. ADVERTISER 2328, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN help milk, drive team, etc.

Steady job. Give reference, state age and
wages with room and board per month.

B. MORSE, Monticello, N. Y.

MILK ROUTE, 100 acres, good buildings,
extensive view, lake frontage, $9,800.
GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

COUPLE — General farming and milk plant.

Wife to help. House and privileges; good
pay. JESSE STALKER, Ravena, N. Y.

GARAGE — Auto repairs, 4 gasoline pumps;

on New York-Atlantic city highway. $10
monthly. Route 4. A. FRELIN, New Gretna
New Jersey.

FARM HAND experienced, give age. Milk
two cows, good teamster in woods. $30
monthly, room, board; steady. GREEN
GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

WANTED— Milk route, give full details con¬
cerning equipment, buildings, sales, etc.
ADVERTISER 2336, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two girls or mother, daughter
for cooking, housework in country home
near Danbury. References required. Salary
$40 each. ADVERTISER 2295, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GOOD HOME, 20 acre poultry plant, 1,000
broilers per month contracted for; also
pullets. CHAS. A. ROWSE, Great Barrington,
Massachusetts.

WANTED — Married or single man for retail
milk route. References. ADVERTISER
2297, care Rural New-Yorker.

COMPLETELY FURNISHED rustic semi-
bungalow, 38x40, large fireplace, 6 rooms,
22 acres timberland, garage, poultry house.
Get photos, details about. All goes with
this beautiful place. Full price $4,500.
SAFRANEK. Vineland, N. J. Phone 33 R 2.

WANTED — In teachers family, two children:

25 minutes from Boston, general maid, $40
a month. POST BOX 180, Peterborough, N. H.

WANTED — Experenced dairyman for Guern¬
sey cattle on New Jersey farm. Christian,
no tobacco or liquor. Steady job if ambitious.
Reference and particulars. ADVERTISER
2299, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOUR LEVEL acres, state highway, brook,
eight room house, electricity, barn; $1,500.
170 productive acres with lake, splendid
eight room modern house, hardwood floors,
bath, fine gravity water supply, dairy barn,
silo, poultry house; $3,700. Terms. STARK¬
WEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta, N. Y.

WANTED A dairyman, must be first class
milker and knowledge of general farm
work. Will pay $85, house, light, milk for
married man and $75 a month, board and
room for single. ADVERTISER 2298, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARM FOR sale, 85 acres, 15 woods, for
truck and general farming. Seven room
house, electricity, all outbuildings. 40 miles
from New York City. Bus from place. Price
$6,500. Owner H. TROEGER, Jamesburg,
New Jersey.

WANTED, CAPABLE white girl for general
housework and cooking. House in country,
good home, private room, bath and radio,
$40 per month. References. Write ADVER¬
TISER 2301, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY AND poultry farm for rent in
New Jersey; stock and machinery for sale
140 acres, two-thirds tillable, balance pas¬
ture, some woodland, river passing through
property, improvements, barn for 30 head,
henhouse, outbuildings. Fine milking cows
and heifers, team of horses; hay in barn. 20
acres of corn, etc. On highway. ADVER¬
TISER 2347, care Rural New-Yorker.

WOMAN, COOKING and general house¬
work; $40 a month; pleasant quarters.
Christian family with baby. Country home

35 miles from New York. Cleanliness and
good disposition essential. ADVERTISER
2302, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN for general housework in
modern country home, two in family; $25
per month. MRS. R. BURKHALTER, Jr.,
Ringoes, N. J.

FOR RENT: Furnished country home, im¬
provements; 8 acres land, garage, hen
house. Kingston 30 miles; Route 28. JOHN
ENNIST, Delhi, N. Y.

WANTED — Married man with small family,
good milker, general farmer. JOHN
MATLACK. Haddonfieid, N. J.

WANTED — House with some grounds; suita¬
ble kennel toy dogs. Within 30 miles from
Manhattan. Reasonable rent. MRS. WARNER.
Harrington Park, N. J.

WANTED — Man on poultry farm, experi¬
ence unnecessary, write. PINE WOOD
FARM, Wyandanch, L. I.

GENERAL FARM: 50 acres, modernized
Colonial 6 room home, cow and horse
barn. silo, poultry houses, garage. Good
location. Low taxes. Price $4,700, terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

MARRIED MAN wanted to operate milking
machine. Post Office BOX 154, Long
, Valley, N. J.

WANTED — Unmarried man for hatchery
and raising chickens and turkeys. Steady
work, good pay to right man. ARTZDALE
FARM, Woodstock, Va.

WANTED — Single man for milking and for
general work with team or tractor. $45,
and board. L. S. ACE, Falls Village, Conn.
Phone. Canaan 114-14.

CARETAKER, INTELLIGENT, reliable, ex¬
perienced. Bungalow colony, near city.
State qualifications, wages expected with
home. ADVERTISER 2307, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Single man, Christian, for poul¬
try farm in Connecticut. Pleasant work,
good board and wages. ADVERTISER 2308,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — General houseworker, Christian
family of three; help in care child. Salary
$55. MRS. T. TROWBRIDGE, 136 Kensing¬
ton Ave., New Britain, Conn.

WANTED — Middleaged Vermont or New
Hampshire couple for Connecticut farm.
Woman as housekeeper, man must be prac¬
tical farmer to take charge small farm.
ADVERTISER 2310, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Responsible houseworker for
business woman in Scarsdale. September
through June. Permanent position with
future. Two children 10 and 12. $40 to
start. References required. ADVERTISER
2313, care Rural New-Yorker.

A FIRST class, clean, dry-hand milker;

sober, industrious, no bad habits and all
around farm hand. Wages $65 a month and
board. WALLEY R. ELLSWORTH, R. D. No.
1, Factory ville. Pa.

V/ AN TED — Woman for housework, middle-
aged; country home, not modern. Southern
Vermont. ADVERTISER 2314, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced poultry man, assist
with poultry. Honest, reliable, pleasant
personality. Good salesman on established
egg and poultry route. Splendid opportunity
to right party working for owners interest.
State salary, full particulars, reference
first letter. ADVERTISER 2315, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED DAIRY farmer, over 30, prefer¬
ably Swiss or Polish. Farm situated 100
miles from New York City. ADVERTISER
2317, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN OR boy for light work on small place,
year around. Give particulars with appli¬
cation. ADVERTISER 2318, care Rural New-
Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER EXPERIENCED, good
home, two children; good salary. Near
New York City. Position open in September.
References. MRS. P. S. SIMON, 608
Wyndham Rd., Teaneck, N. J.

COUPLE, CARETAKERS on farm used as
Summer home; handy and repair man,
flower and kitchen gardens, ' lawns and
shrubbery; handling of milk and butter
home use; several cows; occasional driving;
permanent home for right couple in sepa¬
rate well-built house. Write stating age,
experience, salary expected. ADVERTISER
2319, care Rural New-Yorker.

GOOD PLAIN cook at School for Little
Children, 1120 Constant Ave., Peekskill,
N. Y. $35 month, room and board.

WANTED IMMEDIATE, neat couple, ex¬
perienced farmer, dairy and crop pro¬
duction, good milker (dry-hand and electric
milking) independent and hard worker.
Must be man with qualification. Driving
tractor and horses. No liquor, honest and
absolutely capable. Separate new house with
every improvement, one hour from New
York City. $70 per month including elec¬
tricity, milk and eggs, extra for boarding
help. Steady position and good future. State
age, qualification and references. ADVER¬
TISER 2368, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man for dairy farm, good
milker and all around man, driving trac¬
tor and horses. New house, bath and good
board. 40 miles from New York City. Steady
position, wages $40 per month and good
future. No liquor. Give references and age.
MAX DIENER, Cherry Lane Farm, Ringoes,
N. J.

WANTED — Men for woods and farm. AD¬
VERTISER 2321, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A woman, thoroughly trained,
cook and immaculate housekeeper to take
entire charge of business woman’s small
house in White Plains, N. Y., in Winter
and in Connecticut in the Summer. Two
in family. Own room and bath. Age from
30 to 45. No incumbrance. Pleasant dis¬
position. Salary $70 a month. Give refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2322, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED-^Caretaker to look after country
place in exchange for bungalow of six
rooms and bath. ADVERTISER 2323, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Young man or boy, experience
unnecessary, modern dairy and poultry
farm (machine milker used), milk pasteur¬
ized and retailed. Good home. Full par¬
ticulars first letter. ADVERTISER 2324, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HELP WANTED: Experienced fruit help,
September 1st to 20th, correspond with
WILBUR H. SHUMAKER, Youngstown, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED APPLE pickers. Five cents
bushel, board and room. Write. WELDAY'S
ORCHARD, Smithfield, Ohio.

MARRIED MAN, dairy farm; house, wood,
milk, electricity, running water, modern
machinery. $65 month to start. A. HEISSER,
P. O. Red Hook, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN, dairy farm work, milking.

No drinking or smoking. $40 monthly,
room, board, washing. G. L. HESELTON,
Johnson, N. Y. (Orange County).

PROTESTANT COUPLE as housekeeper and
gardener for modern country home in
Central New York State. Pleasant and
permanent work, all living expenses and
$50 per month. Give age, references and
previous experience. ADVERTISER 2329,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN FOR mink farm. Write stating salary,
etc. ADVERTISER 2331, care Rural New-
Yorker.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber ’s
Exchange will be found on page 504 .

A POWERFUL BACKBONE in the TRACTION ZONE

Gives You EXTRA POWER at the PRAWBA

Up to 215 EXTRA INCHES of Traction Bar Length
Per Tractor Prevents Traction Leaks and Gives
You EXTRA TRACTION Where it Counts Most!!

Scufl *MR. EXTRA TRACTION

YOU don’t have to rely on your
imagination to tell you why
Firestone Ground Grip Tires out-pull,
out-clean and out-wear any other
tractor tires made.

What About Pulling Power?

Firestone gives you up to 215 extra
inches of continuous traction bar length
per tractor. That puts a powerful
backbone into the traction zone. It
avoids costly traction leaks, common
to broken bar treads. That’s why
Firestone Ground Grips give you
greater traction.

What About Cleaning?

Notice that each continuous Triple-
braced traction bar has a wide base and
tapers to the top; and that the spaces
between them are wide and extend
past the center of the tread. Y ou can see
how it automatically forces all dirt and
trash away from the traction bars.

That’s why the Firestone Ground Grip
Tread stays clean and sharp.

What About Wear?

You can actually bend any unbraced
traction bar with your fingers — just
try it. This lack of bracing causes the
bars to wobble and wipe, thus
rounding off the edges — in some
cases the bars are actually torn loose.

Even the heaviest going cannot bend
Triple-braced traction bars. That’s
why they retain their sharp, biting

. . . , edges year after year. And the

new Firestone Vitamic rubber

Old Dobbin laughs every time
he hears anyone say, “An
open center gives a better bite”

compound weatherproofs against sun, heat and
barnyard acids.

These are the reasons why More Farm
Tractors Are Equipped With Firestone Ground
Grip Tires Than With Any Other Make.

When you buy a new or used tractor or change¬
over your present steel-wheeled tractor, be
sure you get Firestone
Ground Grips.

*Mr. EXTRA TRACTION gets his
name from the Extra Traction
Bar length on Every FIRESTONE
GROUND GRIP TIRE . . .

Listen to the Voice of Firestone rvith
Richard Crooks, Margaret Speaks and the
Firestone Symphony Orchestra, under the
direction of Alfred Wallenstein, Monday
evenings, over N. B. C. Red Net work

Copr. 1941, The F. T. & R. Co.

Wene $£ Chicks

BROILERS- ROASTERS -EGGS

U S " East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity
Hatches Every 1.800,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and RARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept. J-3, VINELAND, N. J.

KERR

CHICKS

LIVE

[-" . ititt . .

Pair rt3 years of
ui°t

• CHRISTIE'S STRAIN V B. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON. (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

cPa 9*0

Tireslon*

w GROUND GRIP TIRES

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY!

The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio

Without obligation on my part, please send me

(check below) : .

□ A copy of the new Farm Guide Book.

O Information about the Firestone Farm Tire
Payment Plan.

O Full details on changing oyer my farm wagon or
spreader.

□ Please demonstrate Firestone Ground Grip Tires

with my own tractor on my own farm. ,

□ Information on applying the new Ground Grip
High Bar Tread to worn tractor tires.

Please demonstrate on . . (date)

BETTER CLEANING ★ GREATER TRACTION * LONGER WEAR

R. F. D. or Street Number .

Town . County . State .

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks, & R. I. Reds.. 7.50 9.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Breeders Bloodtested. We pay postage, guar. 95%

on all Pullets. FREE Catalog. Cash or C. 0. D.
R. W. Elsasser Poultry Farm, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

95% Guar. Pullets

_ 100% live del.

Large Type English Leghorns. . .$7.50
Bar. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds.. 7.50
Red-Rocks & Wh. Ply. Rocks.. 8.50

N. H. Reds . 8.50

H. Mix $7-100. All Breeders
paid. Cash or C. O. D. It will pay you to get our
1941 Free Catalog of 31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa.

- MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Rocks and New
Hampshires, $8.00-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN, R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

Str.

Pits.

Ckls.

109

100

$7.50

$13.00

$4.00

7.50

9.50

7.50

8.50

10.00

7.50

8.50

13.00

7.50

s Bloodtested.

Post-

rm 6/0 ZNG. lEGHOKrt ■

CASH OR C. O. D.
100% live del. Postpaid.
Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95%
Bar. Rox & R. I. Reds.
N. H. Reds & Wh. Rox

Str. Pullets Ckls
100 100 100
guar.) . .$6.00 $10.00 $4.00

. 7.00 8.50 7.00

. 7.50 10.00 7.00

15 Ways to Save Gasoline

1. Starting the Engine. — Five
slow starts use up more gasoline
than two miles of steady driving. To
start quickly in cold weather, push
in your clutch pedal, tap the ac¬
celerator once to charge the cylin¬
ders, then step on the starter and
use the choke sparingly. To start
quickly in hot weather after your
motor has been running, don’t use
the choke at all and go easy on
the gas.

2. Warming Up. — Excessive
choking uses up four times as much
gasoline as a warm motor needs.
So when you motor is warming up,
never leave the choke out longer
than absolutely necessary. It is like
leaving the water running when the
tub is already full.

3. How to Accelerate. — Don’t jam
your foot down on the accelerator.
It doesn’t get you away any faster,
and it pumps more gas than you
need into your engine. A heavy foot
uses excess gas.

4. Shifting Gears. — Don’t try to
hit high speed in second gear for
you burn up gasoline. Just take it
easy — first, second, third, just like
that. Drive in high gear as much
as possible, so- long as your motor
isn’t laboring.

5. Speed. — Don’t forget that fast
driving uses up about 25 per- cent
more gas per mile. To save on gas,
drive from 25 to 45 miles per hour.

6. How to Stop. — Coast to a stop
if you can. Every time you put your
brakes on while the motor is run¬
ning fast you throw away power
and gas.

7. Parking. — Don’t park your car
in the hot sun, if you can possibly
avoid it. Gas evaporates from your
tank quicker than water on a hot
stove. Keep your car in the shade
if you can, and save gasoline for
Uncle Sam.

8. Filling Your Tank. — Don’t fill
your tank to overflowing. Your gas
will spill out through the air vent
at the top of the tank as you drive.

9. Check Your Tires. — Flabby
tires increase road friction and that
uses extra power and that takes
gas. Keep you tires properly in¬
flated.

10. The Battery. — If you battery
is low, your motor turns over many
extra times before it starts and every
turn sucks gas into your cylinders,
which is all wasted. Check your
battery frequently.

11. Your Radiator. — Keeping the
v/ater level up in your radiator keeps
your motor cooler. And a cooler
motor gets more economical power
out of every gallon of gasoline.

12. Lubrication. — The right grade
of lubricants for your transmission
and crank case reduces friction, cuts
the drag on your motor and so saves
gasoline. Have your lubricants
checked carefully.

13. The Carburetor. — Is it set for
greatest gas economy, plus top per¬
formance? Maybe your mixture is
richer than you need. Have an ex¬
pert mechanic check your carburetor,
for it may be wasting gas, and often
a slight adjustment wil save you up
to two miles per gallon.

14. The Ignition. — If a single
sparkplug isn’t working, you are
wasting 12 to 16 cents out of every
dollar you spend for gas. That is
only one out of several ways you
may waste gasoline through an im¬
perfect ignition system.

15. The Cooling System. — Re¬
member an overheated motor steals
power from your gasoline and money
from your pocket. Many things be¬
sides lack of water can make a
motor overheat. Have it flushed out
frequently, and get the hose and
water pipe checked.

The above rules are all simple to
follow. They will save the motorist
money, and save gasoline for defense.
Let’s cooperate. e. a. w.

New York

Heavy Mixed . * . 6.50 8.50 6.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery. Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

FALL AND WINTER

Broilers

Barred, White & Buff Rocks New Hampshires
Red-Rocks & Rock-Reds Large 'lype White
Leghorns. Thoroughly tested for B.W.D. High
Livability guaranteed. Write for latest prices.

ULSH POULTRY FARM

BOX R, PORT TREVORTON, PA.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks. Leghorns.
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; PoultsT' T"u 7^'
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings List Free.

iNniAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATLHtni
Est of L B RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2. Telford. Pft

Plants for Northern N. H.

Such perennials as Iris, Peonies,
Phlox, etc. grow well. Gladioli, ^
Asters, Zinnias, etc. seem to grow '
much finer in the northern part of .
the State than they do further south.
Dahlias require too much heat ex¬
cepting with special local varieties.
Strawberries and raspberries will' ’
grow but probably the only grapes!*
safe are the early Minnesota varieties
such as the Beta grapes. I doubt
whether cherries will grow; peaches^-
positively won’t grow and with3*
plums only the more hardy ones
should be selected. J. R. Hepler

-l —

x tf

l> 2/
O l>

ourna

i^WTR'r

332 2C-W

ffimrAW ^

Lake Ozonia in St. Lawrence County, New York

Vol C ™ubli3hed Bi-WeBkly by

333 W. 30th St.. New

Publishing Co., (

September 20, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1933. at the Post
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

No. 5512

Photo— Chas. H. Brush

510

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Frozen Food Lockers; A New Food Bank

F you should ask almost any
resident of Hunterdon County,
New Jersey, about the new
frozen food lockers recently
opened opposite the famous
Flemington Auction Market,
probably would be, “Oh, you
mean our food bank,” and that is the clear¬
est explanation of the service rendered by
the Hilder Frozen Food Locker. It is literally
a bank where fresh food may be deposited,
to be “quick frozen,” and held at zero tem¬
perature in private locKers until needed.

We have had a number of articles from
time to time inspired by the growing in¬
terest in the individual refrigerator locker
systems and that idea is not new but the
construction of this “food bank” is so differ¬
ent from others as to make it of special in¬
terest.

In the first place, the building itself was
designed for this special purpose by the well
known New York architect, Allmon Fordyce,
a Hunterdon County resident, after months
of study of various types of food lockers. It
even looks the part of a small country bank
rather than a refrigerating plant, and the
landscaping has been planned with the ex¬
pert assistance of Ben Blackburn, Extension
Specialist of Rutgers Uniyersity.

A window almost the full width of the
building gives a view of the processing room
and office, with butcher, block, scales, etc.
where the plant butcher, scion of a long line
of expert Irish butchers, consults with each
deposit box owner on just the way his steaks,
chops or roasts are to be cut up and pre¬
pared for the locker. There is also a counter
where various kinds of frozen fruits and
vegetables may be purchased wholesale and
stored in the individual locker, or the house¬
wife may process her own products and have
them quick frozen and stored. When the
renter of a box comes in for his supply of
meat or other food, he has his own key and
his own number. The locker compartments
in this plant, unlike those in most others,
are all under the floor of the display room
and are brought up, dumb waiter fashion, to
a convenient level in the comfortable tem¬
perature of this room, doing away with the
painful necessity of spending several minutes
in zero temperatures. The locker is then re¬
turned immediately to the zero degree pit
under the building.

A customer may buy a hind quarter of beef
or other meat from a well known packing
house, thus getting the wholesale price, or
he may bring in his own fresh killed animal.
In either case the process is the same. The
quarter is delivered to the rear of the build¬
ing where immediately upon unloading it is
hooked, weighed and slid on its track into
the 33-degrees pre-cooler. This is a partitioned
ante-room to keep the fresh carcasses from
the aging meats hanging in the main chill-
room. This is especially true of pork which
never gets into the main cooler at all, but
goes right from the pre-cooler to the butcher
block by rail tracking.

After 24 hours the hind quarter is firm
and cold, and now goes into the larger cold
storage room to hang and age until deemed
ripe for the saw and knife. The aging time
depends entirely on the quality of the beef
itself and sometimes requires 10 days to be
just right, sometimes six weeks. Personal
preference is a factor, but not so important
as the actual characteristics of the meat.
After aging, the beef with its ticket stamped
with weight and date, and owner’s name and
locker number, is brought into the process¬
ing room to be cut into individual roasts,
steaks, stewing meat and ground beef pack¬
ages. This is done entirely in accordance
with the customer’s personal instructions
which are kept in a permanent record, so
that each patron has his meat cut exactly
as he wants it. The hind quarter is now
ready for wrapping in special moisture-proof,
vapor-proof locker paper in order to keep
its juices from drying out under the 20 degrees
below zero cold of the quick-freezer and its
long hibernation in its zero locker. These
packages are dated, stamped with the locker
number and the type of cut and are sealed

Photos — Kurt Sehelling, New York City

New frozen food bank owned by M. Hubert Hilder, and recently opened
m Flemington, N. J. This building was designed by Allmon Fordyce of
New York City, to “ invite the customer in ” and yet keep the sunshine out.
The wide overhang of the roof throws the maximum shadow on the build¬
ing at all seasons of the year, and the 20 -foot long show window drama¬
tizes the operations of the processing room.

with a colored tape
which marks it as
beef. Other meats as
pork, lamb and veal
have their own colored
tapes, so that the
patron on opening his
locker can find at a
glance what he is
looking for.

The following pack¬
ages from one hind
quarter of beef are
stowed in wire baskets
and placed in the
quick-freezer to be
lowered by an electric
crane into their 20-
degree below zero pit.

Two rib roasts of
four to five pounds
each, three rump
roasts of four to five
pounds each, six rump
steaks, five soup bones
(usually taken home
to conserve locker
space), 10 two-pound
packages of ham¬
burger, 18 round
steaks 1 Vz to two
pounds, one pot roast
four to five pounds, one kidney, eight sirloin
steaks one to IV4 pounds, one pin bone roast
3 V2 pounds and one boiling beef two to
2 V2 pounds.

After several hours the sharp-frozen and
board-stiff packages are hoisted to the sur¬
face and, after careful checking, are placed
in the patron’s locker, with an inventory
card which is kept up to date with the patron’s
cooperation. This imposing array of packages
does not nearly fill the locker, so Mrs. Smith
orders a supply of commercially frozen fruits
and vegetables which are on display in a
storage cabinet having its own built-in zero
temperature control. These are bought by
the dozen, assorted and hence provide Mrs.
Smith with a wholesale saving. In addition
she may glance at the bulletin board and
note that Mr. Jones of a neighboring town
will butcher a fine hog in two or three weeks
and is looking for a customer for one-half.
She writes her name and address on the notice
and asks Mr. Jones to get in touch with her,
because by that time, home consumption of
her frozen food supply will have given her
space in her locker for additional storage.

The seasonal factor as regards farm kill¬
ing has also been practically eliminated, as the
animals may now be fattened, finished and
slaughtered at any time, quick frozen and
stored away for future meals months ahead
in the modern locker
plant. Patrons of the
plant will be able to
take advantage of the
following six services:

( 1 ) To quick freeze
meat, fruit and vege¬
tables from their own
farms and gardens;

(2) To store these pro¬
ducts in individual
lockers just as other
precious articles are
kept in a safe deposit
box at the bank; (3)

To buy meat at whole¬
sale for quick freez¬
ing and storage; (4)

To store apples, eggs
and other perishable
goods as in any cold
storage plant; (5)

To buy commercially
packed quick frozen
foods; (6) To smoke,
cure and pickle meat.

Every business is
based on the person¬
ality of its owners
and their attitude to¬
ward their job in the
community and this is
(Cont’d on Page 512)

The housewife takes her dinner out of her frozen
food locker, in a room of normal temperatures.
The lockers are kept at zero temperature in the
underground storage pit and raised and lowered
by electric hoist.

Processing room in Hilder’s frozen food locker plant. The butcher is cut¬
ting meat preparatory to wrapping and freezing the individual cuts. It is
an interesting process to watch and gives the inexperienced housewife es¬
pecially, many pointers about cuts of meat. The skylight floods the pro¬
cessing room with perfect working light and makes the show window

effective.

ffm RURAL NEW-YORKER

He Bought a Railroad for $301!

This is the story of a man and one of the
most unusual railroads in the United States.
Roy Rawlings is the man and the Wood River
Branch Railroad is the unique “Toonerville”
line.

Ever since its founding in 1872 to bring
supplies from the New York, New Haven and
Hartford Railroad for South County, Rhode

Engineer Schofield has to turn his own switches.

Island farmers, the road has had a pretty
shaky existence. It was scheduled to fold
several times, but something always turned
up. Two years ago the New York, New Haven
and Hartford Railroad was ready to close the
line after operating it at a deficit for some
60-odd years. Roy Rawlings’ grain business,
the line’s principal patron, would be ruined,
so he asked the New Haven people how much
they wanted for the road. “$301,” was the
reply. The Federal Court approved
the deal, so Mr. Rawlings paid
$300 cash for 336 out of 600 out¬
standing shares. (Seventy-five of
them have been missing for years).

Then he paid an additional $1 for
the title to a pile of greenish
bonds with a face value of $56,500,
on which no interest had been
paid for more than 17 years.

“That single payment made me
the owner and president of a
railroad 5.624 miles long with .712
miles of siding,” Mr. Rawlings
enumerated. “Our only rolling
stock consists of a gasoline engine
leased from the New Haven people
and an old caboose, which is all
our own.” The caboose is a faded
red job. It was a recent victim
in a grade crossing accident and
a carpenter was hired to build a
new set of steps for $6.

This tiny railroad operates four
round trips a week (more or less)
between its home base, Hope
Valley, and Wood River Junction,
leaving about 11 A.M. on Monday,

Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.

The single train is numbered
“1872” after the date of its found¬
ing. Before leaving, engineer Reat
Schofield invariably telephones
the stationmaster at the other end
of the line to make certain that
there is something to cart back.

There can be no wasted runs, ac¬
cording to this railroad’s policy.

The writer was presented with
a pass marked “educational” by
President Rawlings one morning.

And the trip really was educa¬
tional. Before pulling out of the
“station,” which is really an old
barn, engineer Schofield explained
that the 20-ton gasoline engine
had six cylinders, and four speeds,

forward or backward. We pulled out at
exactly 10:58 and rolled noisily along the
wavy track at 12 miles an hour for three
minutes when engineer Schofield stopped the
train. “I’ll be back in a minute,” he explained.
“Jim Allen’s cow is on the tracks again.”
That was nothing. The engineer- said that
on busy mornings he had to shoo horses from
the rails, besides chickens, sheep and an oc¬
casional woodchuck or dog. Once more we
started up. This time we covered three miles,
when young Mr. Schofield again pressed the
brake lever. “Come on down by the brook,”
he called out, “and I’ll show you some of
the largest fat trout in the State.” We watched
the fish for a few. minutes, picked some blue¬
berries and munched them, then swung
. aboard the engine once more. Upon arriving
in Wood River Junction, the engineer backed
the train onto a siding, ran into the railroad
office and came out with a handful of bills
of lading. Then he uncoupled three freight
cars from a local train on the main line,
coupled them onto his caboose and off we
went on the return trip, making an almost
non-stop trip in 27 minutes.

En-route, the engineer pointed out the four
culverts, four unprotected grade crossings and
the single bridge “belonging” to the road.
Halfway up a slight grade the radiator of
the noisy gasoline engine boiled over, calling
for a short halt. The engineer ducked under
a barbed wire fence to fill his pail in a cow
watering hole. Three full pails were needed.
The informal spirit of the Wood River Branch
Railroad is quite different from the restrained
and quiet atmosphere of a “grown-up” stream¬
lined passenger train. You can sing, whistle
or yodel to your heart’s content, or you can
merely drink in the beauties of nature as
you bounce along at an easy pace.

The line, which operates for the conveni¬
ence of farmers of South County, carries some
10,000 tons of freight annually for its 40-odd
customers. The first directors’ meeting under
the new management showed a deficit of
$1,484 on the books, but President Rawlings
told the directors that this was a reduction
of $2,500 from the previous year’s losses. At
the last meeting, a deficit of only $182 was
announced and this year the Wood River
Branch Railroad expects to show a small profit.

The last board of directors’ meeting was

Hurry up, there, cow, the train is waiting.

featured by the addition of a new piece of
rolling stock — The Presidential Special. The
tiny car, built by engineer Schofield and Mr.
Rawlings’ son, Rob Roy, is an open-air affair
of three seats painted red. It is not unlike a
roller coaster car and his no springs. The
floor is only six inches above the tracks and
a long hand brake is set in the middle of the
car. The engineer invariably places it in
front of the locomotive to protect more valu-

Photos — Martin Sheridan

Roy Rawlings Grips the Hand Brake of the Presidential Special.

Refilling the radiator after it boils over.

able rolling stock in case of an accident and
to keep the smoke from the passengers’ eyes.

Mr. Rawlings’ son Rob Roy, a student at
Rhode Island State College, is now receiving
instruction in operating the gasoline locomo¬
tive. With the aid of his father, he built a
miniature model of the entire line. There
are very few young men in this country who
can look over a model railroad, then go out
and actually ride over the real thing them¬
selves.

The writer unearthed a payroll dating
back to July 7, 1899 and listing eight em¬

ployees receiving weekly salaries
totalling only $76.38. The super¬
intendent of the line received
$14.68 a week, while the station
agent, his brother, was paid $4.51.
Conductor Frank A. Thompson
was paid a daily rate of $2, when¬
ever the railroad was operated,
while the brakeman received
$1.40. The engineer’s salary was
$2.18 and the fireman got $1.41
each day. One man, who doubled
as section hand and assistant en¬
gineer, received $1.40 a day.

“Forty years ago, when the
railroad was in particularly dire
straits,” Mr. Rawlings explained,
“the owners threatened to shut
down. Ralph C. Watrous upped
and leased the road for a number
of years because his mother lived
in the vicinity served by the line.
She would have been virtually
isolated if service were suspended.
Upon the death of his mother a
few years ago, Mr. Watrous gave
the line back to the New York,
New Haven and Hartford
operators.”

The several towns served by the
little railroad have cooperated to
the extent of exempting the line
from taxes. This may result in
the showing of a small profit at
the 68th annual board of direc¬
tors’ meeting. Future plans call
for the retimbering of the single
bridge on the line plus the usual
costly replacements of track and
ties.

President Rawlings boasts that
his line is “just as wide as the
New York Central or Canadian
Pacific, even if it is not as long.”

Martin Sheridan
Massachusetts

5(2

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

Repair Your Old Heating System

UTICA Boilers and
Radiators are efficient
and economical.

GUARANTEE

Utica Radiator Corp.
guarantees the materials
against defects and the
signature of your local
dealer assures you of
satisfactory installation.

Write us for name
of NEAREST
UTICA DEALER

If your present heating system can be
repaired and kept in working condi¬
tion, it is your patriotic duty to do so,
in view of the shortage of iron and
other materials needed for the Defense
Program, In this way you will be do¬
ing your part to help in this national
emergency.

Installed by Your Local Dealer

Your local Utica dealer is always ready
to serve you and will be glad to make
any repairs to your present heating sys¬
tem which may be necessary. If your
heating plant is beyond repair, he will
gladly give you information about any
new Utica products, which you need
to put it in good operating condition.

UTICA RADIATOR

CORPORATION

UTICA, N.Y.

UTICA RADIATOR CORP. Dept. R-9, Utica, N.Y.

Please have your nearest Utica dealer inspect my heat¬
ing plant and estimate on the cost of necessary repairs.
It is understood that this places me under no obligation.

Name .

Address .

City . . . State .

(Please Print or Write Plainly)

Most convenient time . at .

(Day or Days) P * Nl.

YORKWIN WHEAT (white)
NURED WHEAT (red)

RYE and other seasonal seeds for
August and September sowing.
Headquarters for Quality Farm Seeds.

EDWARD F. DIBBLE SEEDGROWER

Box B, Honeoye Falls, N.Y.

For APPLE— PEAR— PLUM— CHERRY

Trees start earlier in the spring.

We grow the trees we sell and have 57
YEARS back of our guarantee of satisfaction.

Write for Prices on Large Quantities.

MALONET BROS. NURSERY CO., Inc.

11 Main St. Dansville, New York

F£EE

MALONEY CATALOG

Improved BLUEBERRIES

Delicious TT. S. Gov’t Hybrids, large as Grapes.
Plant this Pall and save a year.

2 Yr. Plant 50 cents each, $4 dozen, $30 per 100.
3-Yr. Bearing Plants $1 ea., $8 doz., $60 per 100.
GEO. A. MORSE - WILLIAMSON, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

BLUEBERRIES

FOR FALL PLANTING: Finest plants obtainable.

From reliable grower to YOU.

Free Folder. HOUSTON, HANOVER, MASS.

Cfr!1u;knrr® Plante Best Varieties. Catalog Free.

OUaWDCrry flams Baiil Perry, Georgetown, Del.

PI ATtlfiIIKFor sale this fall 50.000 field grown
U unit 1U L U u large bulbs. Popular varieties, in¬
spection invited, healthy stock. Write — A. Kamp, Saw
Mill River Road, White Plains, N. Y. Elmsford 3946.

OCA Bushels Black Wilson Soy Beans for sale.

KOPPENOL BROS. WESTOVER, MD

Forty Years a Country Preacher

A Ne \v Book By

FORTY YEARS
A COUNTRY
PREACHER

IP**'

GEORGE B. Gli

REV. GEO. B. GILBERT

“The Pastoral Parson”

PRICE

$2.75

POSTPAID

2% Sales Tax additional lor New York City residents.

Fill out the coupon below and send for it today !

RU RAL NEW-YORKER, 333 West 30th Street, New York City

I” THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

Enclosed find $2.75 for which please send me a copy of the new book
“Forty Years a Country Preacher.”

Name . . . . . .

St., or R. F. D .

Town . State . .

September 20, 1941

Fairs, Grapes and Potatoes

The 60th annual fair that was
held in Naples last month was con¬
sidered a complete success by all.
The only fair in Ontario County this
year, it had a fine 4-H display. The
Naples Grange was awarded first
place with a 110 per cent rating,
and was, according to the judge, the
best display she had ever seen.
Bristol Spring was given second
place with a 100 per cent and Bristol
Center Grange was placed third.

Grapes, according to Edwin S.
Underhill of the Urbana Wine Co.,
Hammondsport, are to bring good
prices. He states that a minimum
of $150 per ton is now being offered
for “Delawares, in comparison with
a maximum of $110 last year, while
$100 per ton is being offered for
Alviras and Catawbas. While no
price has as yet been fixed for Con¬
cords or other blue grapes, Underhill
says not less than $60 to $65 may
be ex’' Kited.

In Ontario County meetings are
being held to fix the grape prices.
There is only a 60 per cent crop be¬
cause of weather conditions. Prices
suggested at a recent meeting held
at Bristol Springs, placed Delawares
and Dutchess varieties at $175;
Catawbas, $125; Ives, $105; Niagara,
$75; Isabella, $100; Concord, $60.
Stoppage of wine imports from
Europe would seem to insure higher
prices this season.

The third annual potato field day
of Steuben County was held Friday,
August 29, at the C. D. Wolcott Farm
in Cohocton. Speaking and contests
filled the program. Visits to several
of the larger potato fields of the
section occupied the afternoon. Of es¬
pecial interest was the 40 acre cabbage
field which is being raised on the
farm of Griffin and Rushmore. The
cabbage seems to be exceptionally
good quality and is viewed by farm¬
ers of this area with greater interest
in view of an added crop for this
area. This is the first time that
cultivation of cabbage has ever been
tried in this vicinity, and if results
are profitable may soon compete with
the potatoes and beans that are now
the principal crops grown.

Several potato farmers bought
land in Virginia this past Spring and
are now completing the harvest
there. These growers came here
from Maine several years ago, and
have established their markets here.
They state that they soon hope to
be able to supply that market from
their own farms through the entire
year. All potatoes that were grown
on their Virginia farms this year
have been brought to Western New
York by truck for marketing. Large
storage warehouses have been built
or reconstructed during the last two
years in Wayland, Cochocton, Atlan¬
ta, Wallace and Avoca. All the farms
which they own in this State are
located in that area. As they are
able at the present time to supply
their markets from July until
September from the Virginia farms
and from September until May from
the New York farms, it may be that
another set of potato farms farther
south will be necessary if their
dream is to be fully realized. As it
stands these men, who are all prac¬
tically youngsters, are fast pushing
ahead in their chosen field and are
attaining state wide fame.

New York m. b. b.

Frozen Food Lockers ; a
New Food Bank

(Continued From Page 510)
particularly true . of the Hilder
Frozen Food Lockers. Mr. Hilder
had spent his entire business ILj,
since graduating from Cornell Uni¬
versity, in the New York Stock Ex¬
change and in 1936 purchased a small
fruit farm in Hunterdon County, as
a commuter. Less than a year ago
he became interested in the possi¬
bilities of individual refrigeration
lockers and began to investigate. He
gave up his New York office and for
six months devoted his whole time
to the practical study of locker
systems in established packing and
equipment plants, from both the
physical and economic points of
view. Then he chose his site close
by the farm marketing center of
Hunterdon County and the results
in patronage since the building was
opened to the public on June 21,
and the increasing appreciation of
what this new business means to
the community justify all the effort
and enthusiasm that both Mr. and
Mrs. Hilder are putting into the
service of the plant. c. b. w.

Rockhills Farm Winners

The Flying Horse flock of Dorset
sheep originally developed by Quincy
Shaw in Masachusetts was acquired
by the Flying Horse Farm, operated
by Sumner Pingree. This flock, con¬
sistently line bred for many years
under careful management, was
shown from coast to coast and won
many ribbons including the Reserve
Champion Ram at the Chicago
International Exhibit last year. This
Spring Rockhills Farm acquired this
flock and brought it to its breeding
range at Dundee, N. Y. In a local
fair this flock took all first ribbons.
It was chosen as the first prize flock
at Syracuse. Their aged ewe was
made Grand Champion and their
ram won first in its class. In all, this
flock took 11 prizes at the State Fair.

In addition, all but one of Rock¬
hills’ Belgian horses shown won
ribbons at this Fair. This farm also
is in the process of developing a pure
blooded Angus herd at its breeding
range in Dundee and is raising
Hampshire pigs of the famous Clans¬
man strain.

Lou Harvey is in charge of this
farming enterprise.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, Sept. 20, 1941
FARM TOPICS

Frozen Food Lockers; A new Food Bank 510

Sparks on the Roof . 515

Ulster County Fair . 528

HORTICULTURE

Horticultural Notes . 513

September — The Month for Working

With Flowers . 515

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY
Oxen Still on the Job in New England 514

Future of Artificial Breeding . 518

Goat Winners at Troy Hills . 518

Eruption on Heifer . 518

Farm Woman on N. J. Milk Control _ 522

WOMAN AND HOME

Early September Visit . 520

This Reducing Business . 520

Let’s Use more Apples . s . 520

Minute Saving Mixes . 521

THE HENYARD

Annual House Cleaning . . ..; . 523

Probable Blackhead . 523

Vaccination for Fowl Pox Control _ 525

Trouble With Hens . 525

Fowl Typhoid . 525

Henhouse Ventilation . 625

Feed Consumed by Poultry . 525

MISCELLANEOUS

He Bought a Railroad for $301 . 511

Editorials . 516 517

Market News and Prices . 519

Publisher’s Desk . 526

Photo — P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.
The “ Victor ” a new early variety of tomato now being grown in Western

New York ,

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

513

Horticultural Notes

= By H. B. Tukey - =

There is considerable activity in
“natural camouflage” for the national
defense program, in which not only
gun emplacements, munitions depots,
military airports, and similar military
objectives are concerned, but also
industrial buildings, residences, and
the entire sphere of civilian defense.
Coordination with plantsmen .may
lead to permanent features of real
value through the use of the correct
plant materials.

* * * * *

British Columbia marketing plans
call for the selling of the entire
apple crop over one desk in an order¬
ly manner. Prices are to be fixed
at 95 cents to $1.15 per box, varying
with the grade. If apples are sold
for less, in order to move them, the
government will make up the differ¬
ence to growers.

* $ $ * *

A new type of freezer for rapid
freezing of food products has ap¬
peared, called the “Blizzard Freezer.”
It is claimed to be especially useful
where a small plant and portable
outfit is desired. The principle is
that of blowing cold air over the
product to be frozen. The air is cooled
to minus 40 to 50 degrees Fahren¬
heit by coils and blown over the
foods by a fan at velocities up to
3,500 feet per minute.

* * * * «

pounds. Ice bunkers are spread over
the whole top of the car, containing
13,500 pounds of ice as against 10,000
pounds in the old-type car. Fruit is
loaded in three tiers instead of two.

* Hs * * *

Pan American is the name of a
new red variety of tomato recently
introduced by the United States
Department of Agriculture for its
resistance to fusarium wilt. The new
variety comes from a cross between
Marglobe and a wild Peruvian Red
Currant selection which possesses
high resistance to tomato wilt. It is
a few days to a week earlier than
Marglobe, or 67 to 75 days to first
commercial harvest from transplant¬
ing. It appears suitable for canning,
for manufacture, and for fresh use.

* # * H= *

The Fiftieth Anniversary number
of Ice and Refrigeration is a handy
reference manual to have in the
library, and includes in its pages
the latest information on everything
from ice skating rinks to air con¬
ditioning, refrigerated lockers, and
storage of apples and pears.

* * $ * H=

Calomel is being tried effectively
on peach seed and on plum, cherry,
apple and pear seelings to reduce
crown gall on nursery stock.

sfr % ❖

Out of China, from the University
of Nanking at Chengtu under date
of December 1940 and received in
mid-Summer, comes a program for
work in improvement of agricultural
education in China. The projects
under investigation in horticulture
are intensely interesting, including
a classification of Chinese fruit trees,
citrus fruit tree propagation, pollin¬
ation and fruit setting of citrus fruit
trees, degree of maturity of econo¬
mic fruits in relation to their quality,
simple methods of storing citrus
fruits, methods of pruning Grimes
Golden apples, methods of dehydra¬
tion of horticultural products, and
genetic studies of citrus fruit tree
blossoms with the hope of producing
seedless fruits. Apparently there is
still room and time for fundamental
research even in war-torn China.

H* ¥ *i* 5{»

The material to which the onion
owes its pungency is a volatile oil
known chemically as allyl-propyl-
disulifide. Outstanding pungent va¬
rieties as determined by analyses are
the Creoles, Ebenezer, and Australian
Brown. In the medium-pungent
group are the yellow Bermuda,
Crystal Wax, Red Wethersfield,
Brigham Yellow Glove, and Yellow
Glove Danvers. Early Grano is one
of the mildest, and Early Yellow
Glove anct Utah Sweet Spanish are
also mild. The pungency increases
as the average temperature is raised.
Onions grown on a peat soil are
about twice as pungent as the same
variety on a sandy soil. Overhead
irrigation or a high water table both
lower the pungency. In cold storage,
pungency slowly increases — all this
from the investigations of Platenius
and Knott as reported in the
Journal of Agricultural Research.

H: * * * *

Reports from Iowa are that the
original Delicious apple tree was
killed by the sudden freeze that
wrecked such havoc in the Central
West last Armistice Day. What a
“find” this original tree was, and
what a sire of new and improved
varieties it promises to be. Every
so often an outstanding variety
comes along; Delicious was one of
them. And those who introduced it
and exploited it, touched by the taint
of commercialism in the minds of
some, are nevertheless entitled to
countless thanks from a fruit indus¬
try which has earned rich rewards
from the Delicious apple.

* H: H= * H=

Trials are in progress with a new
type refrigerator car in California,
introduced in an attempt to reduce
freight rates to eastern points. The
new car, according to the Pacific
Rural Press, is five feet longer than
the standard type and has four door¬
ways instead of two. A permanent
partition across the center makes it
two standard 462-box cars in one,
with a capacity for 90,000 pounds
as against the old capacity of 65,000

An item apears which gives the
analysis of 35 eastern forest fruits
and nuts. The idea is to see which
are most nutritious for wildlife, so
as to combine this value with pro¬
ductivity, availability, and capacity
to resist decay and thus evolve a
scientific program for wildlife feed¬
ing and conservation.

$ $ $ >;:

California is a great horticultural
state. Also, it is a great state for
the use of electrical power on the
farm. Records show that in 1940,
California farmers purchased 1,100,-
318,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity
as compared with 890,690,000 kilo¬
watt-hours by farmers of all the
other 47 states combined. Further,
94.8 per cent of California farms
are electrified and the average kilo¬
watt-hour cost is 1.39 cents. Next
in order are Ohio, Wisconsin, Indiana,
Illinois, Pennsylvania, Alabama,
Texas, Iowa, and Missouri, with
rates ranging from 3.84 cents per
kilowatt-hour for Indiana to 6.14
for Iowa.

H: H= * '<• H=

Virus diseases are receiving much
attention both as they affect animals
and as they affect plants. A recent
contribution from the Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Research by
E. L. Spencer on the tobacco-mosaic
virus carries some interesting sug¬
gestions in regard to the effect of
the nutrition of the plant upon the
spread of a virus. He found that
while the virus was not able to de¬
stroy or utilize the plant normal pro¬
tein, yet it may multiply at the ex¬
pense of normal protein by utilizing
some of the nitrogen absorbed by
the plant before the plant can assimi¬
late such nitrogen in the synthesis
of normal proteins. In nitrogen-
deficient plants the virus-protein
content remained practically con¬
stant, whereas in nitrogen-fed plants
it increased more than five times
during a 16-day period!

Tennesee Horticulture recounts
that since 1937 a president-elect of
the Tennessee Horticultural Society
has been killed in an automobile
accident, a past president has suffered
serious head injuries, and quite re¬
cently another past president es¬
caped with only 16 repair stitches
from a most serious accident. Con¬
cludes the statement, “You may be
disgusted with the fruit business,
but, if you expect to stay in it,
Drive Carefully!”

Many of the fleets of motor buses which roll swiftly over the
nation’s highways are entirely Exide-equipped. 100,000 miles’
service and more from these heavy-duty Exides is not at all un¬
common. Batteries all look much alike, but in buying a battery for

your car, truck, or tractor,
you be guided by the experi¬
ence of fleet operators and
other large users. You know
you will get your money’s
worth in Exide.

THE ELECTRIC STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, Philadelphia

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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street : — r New York City

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514

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Oxen Still on the Job in New England

Oxen are the most ancient of working animals. The Bible
mentions them 89 times. They are still largely used in New
England and several other States. Oxen cannot trot a mile
in two minutes, but every mile they do brings productive re¬
sults in farm work. Their “handy” quality where slow steady
pulling on the plow is desirable, hauling a load of hay over
a rough field road, and working in the woods, is proverbial.
It is not surprising that so many farmers appreciate this

dependable motive power.

“ Archie’s Oxen ” as they are known in the farms around Alexandria, New
Hampshire, owned by Archie Buckin. These animals are hired, out for plow¬
ing and other chores. They are seen here at the farm of Ned A, Matthews.

Tom and Jerry, four year old twins, which Mr. Slight of South Woodstock,
Conn., says he will match against any team of farm horses.

Four year old oxen work with Fred Morley on his farm in Vershire, Vt.

Photo — C. J. Farnum, Wardsboro, Vt.

Mike and Ike, 41/2 year old steers, weight 3,325 pounds, are owned by John
E. Wright of Wardsboro, Windham County, Vermont.

Laughing oxen with their owner, George Agard of Brimfield, Massachusetts.

the RURAL NEW-YORKER

515

September — The Month for
Working With Flowers

For the woman who loves plants
and flowers (and what woman
doesn’t) September is a month for
real enjoyment and a month in which
to plan for winter house gardens.

The geraniums that you are going
to have in the window this Winter
should be well fed now. Give them
plenty of rich food to nourish the
buds that will appear later on.

This is the month when flowers
are generally at their best. Gladioli
should be at their height of perfec¬
tion, and in addition to a good supply
of water each night they should also
be given a mulch of fine, littery
manure. This may be worked into
the soil later on, and it will help the
new bulbs in maturing. The Gladi¬
oli enjoy a very rich soil.

Asters will be in full sway. I know
of no flower that adapts itself so
readily and so pleasingly to cut
flower work as the aster. This is
especially so regarding the comet
varieties and the branding asters.

During the last few years a new
pest has appeared that has done
considerable damage to aster plants
throughout the land. It is called the
aster beetle and is jet black in color
and not quite so large as a potato
bug. It may be found on portions of
the plant, though it feeds chiefly on
the buds of flowers. One remedy is
to spray the plants with paris green.

If your pansies are not doing well
it is probably because the ground is
not moist enough or because the bed
receives the burning rays of the sun
all day. To do their best, pansies
should be shaded from nine or ten
o’clock in the morning, and the soil
must be kept rich and well moist¬
ened.

If you set out any plants of Phlox
Drummondi in the Spring you are
probably enjoying the bright blos¬
soms now. Is is not a pretty well
behaved flower, standing dry weather
and dry soil as it does, and blossom¬
ing away as cheerfully as if it had
all the water it could drink, and
more?

Freesias and Bermuda Easter
lilies must be planted right after the
first of August if one would have
the best of success with them. Many
people fail in growing these flowers
because they overlook the fact that
the bulbs must be planted early, if
they are to flower satisfactorily in
the winter garden.

September is the month when
flower growers should turn their
attention to the plants they intend
to have in their winter flower garden
in the house. If you have never
planted bulbs perhaps you will find
the hyacinth to be about the most
satisfactory of all. The single kinds
are usually the most recommendable,
and anyone can grow them when
their few requirements are under¬
stood. The Roman varieties are very
dainty and send up from one to
four spikes of flowers and are just
the thing for the beginner. The
single Dutch hyacinths have larger
bulbs, larger spikes and larger in¬
dividual flowers than the Romans,
while the Pompon varieties have
short, thick substantial trusses, un¬
like either of the other classes. By
planting hyacinths in September one
ought to be able to have them to
bloom for Christmas or New Year.

The Chinese Sacred lily and white
Narcissus are also flowers that one
may have for the holidays if planted
early enough The Chinese Sacred
lily is usually planted in water and
pebbles, in an ornamental glass or
pottery dish.

Another bulb that deserves more
attention in the winter garden is the
old-fashioned double-daffodil. It is
so easy to grow and the blossoms
are beautiful. No bulb should be put
in the window directly after bring¬
ing it up from the basement. It
should have a semi-light place in
which to prepare itself for the full
sunshine later on. e.' f.

Sparks on the Roof

That was the way it all started.
It was ' house-cleaning time. The
waste paper and other rubbish were
gathered up and tossed into the
furnace without a thought about
what a tremendous blaze was going
up the chimney. Such a blaze did
roar up that the sparks flew out on
the roof and a merry little fire was
kindled in no time.

The children of the neighborhood
saw the smoke and yelled, “Fire!”
At first the grown-ups paid no at¬
tention. They were used to hearing
all sorts of startling cries from the
children but when the cry of “Fire!
Fire!” kept up, they began to in¬
vestigate. Then they saw the smoke
rolling up and they picked up pails
and ran to help. The fire was put
out but not until the top of the
house was so badly burned that con¬
siderable carpenter work and a new
roof had to be paid for.

And that was not the first fire in
the neighborhood. A beautiful
Summer home close by had been
burned to the ground a few years
before. This Spring, a barn not far
away was completely destroyed. A
quantity of expensive farm machin¬
ery, a tractor, a sprayer, and, even
worse, a fine horse and a much-
prized cow had been burned.

This last fire on the roof had come
so close home that two enterprising
home owners in the neighborhood
put their heads together and de¬
cided that something had to be done.

And they did it at once and they
did it themselves. They looked
around for used fire equipment. A
truck with a good engine and pump
was found at a reasonable price.
Without waiting for the endless talk
and argument that almost always
held up any new ideas, these two
business men bought the truck and
paid for it, trusting that when the
neighbors saw that something was
really going ahead they would come
in and help out. Four hundred feet
of new hose were added to the used
hose that went with the truck,

One member of this team of go-
getters had advanced the money for
the equipment. The other member
donated a garage to house it. The
building was painted a dashing red
and a snappy sign was hung out
in front with a bright little lantern
swinging under it. Most important
of all, a siren was installed, one
with a good lusty voice, too.

Plans were well under way before
the organizers of the “Volunteer
Fire Department” went out on a
drive for funds. The people re¬
sponded pretty well. There are al¬
ways croakers in every community
and there were a few in this neigh¬
borhood who laughed at the scheme.
The most of the folks, however,
heartily approved of the idea and
were grateful to the men who had
the energy to hustle the thing
through. Almost every one in the
neighborhood subscribed as liberally
as they could, promising to pay as
promptly as possible.

It was planned to limit the terri¬
tory to be serviced by the new
company to the radius of a mile
from the garage where the truck
was housed. All the people within
this district were invited to come to
a lunch meeting to help organize a
company. The result of this little
advertising campaign was the “Moor-
headville Volunteer Fire Depart¬
ment” with a membership of around
40.

Moorheadville is a farming com¬
munity. The farms range in size
from a few acres to 100 or so. There
are a number of little home owners
who live along the road on which
the fire truck is housed but it was

the farmers in the district who were I
the strongest backers of the plan.
Almost every one in the district sub- •
scribed to the fund. The sums
given ranged from $1 to $25. No one
gave more than $25. The equipment
cost about $500 and in the one drive
for funds all but about $150 was
raised. The men will answer any
call that comes to them and they
will give all the help they can to
other fire companies. With their
small equipment they feel, however,
that they cannot give the most
efficient service beyond a one-mile
distance. For that reason they did
not solicit any funds outside of a
mile radius.

Fire drills are held regularly and
the younger lads who have been
taken into the company and are
taking part in the drills are tremend¬
ously thrilled over the experience.
There is nothing haphazard about
the organization. Telephone call
cards have been printed and distri¬
buted to each subscriber. In case of
a sudden blaze, the calls will be
relayed to the men, those near at
hand will run out the truck, the
others will follow in their own cars
as fast as possible and things will
happen right along according to a
prearranged schedule.

It will take a little time to pay
for the equipment but the people
are interested and glad to help and
the sum will be raised before very
long. Every one breathes a little
more easily knowing that there is

some help available only a mile away
in case a fire does break out. Quite
interesting, too, is the fact that stock
insurance companies are willing to
grant some reductions in premium
rates to small home owners who live
in the vicinity of these volunteer
fire companies. We have a number
of little hose companies in Erie
County. They have definitely proved
their worth many times, and insur¬
ance companies recognize this and
often give quite substantial sums of
money to encourage them.

Country fires are terrifying things,
more so than city fires where pro¬
tection is so easily available. One
of the greatest dreads of farmers is
the terror of looking out at night and
seeing the sky red with the flames
from some neighbor’s home or from
a barn filled with hay, grain, ma¬
chinery and stock. And there is
always the haunting fear that some
night it may be your own house or
barn that is painting the sky with
flame.

When we heard the story of this
new fire department that sprang full-
fledged from a handful of sparks on
a roof, we began to wonder what
does cause all the fires both in town
and country. One of our insurance
agents had the statistics from one of
the largest companies in Pennsyl¬
vania and they proved to be as sur¬
prising as they are interesting.

During one year, 3.32% of the
losses of this company were caused
by the following: These causes are
given in the order of their frequen¬
cy — cigarettes, .85%; stove too close
to woodwork, .59%; oily rags causing
spontaneous combustion, .48% gaso¬
line engine, auto, tractor, .43%;
short circuit in lamp, .31%; electric
iron, .20%; matches carelessly
thrown around, .12%; chimney fires,
.06%; Christmas trees, .03%; children
playing with matches, .03%.

Mooreheadville’s two far-sighted
residents have provided apparatus in
which we all feel a posses¬
sive pride. We are telling all
about it in the hope that other un¬
protected communities may be in¬
spired to undertake some organized
effort to guard against the fire
hazard. m. j. m.

Fire Equipment at Moorheadville, Erie County, Pennsylvania.

Immediate Openings

for young men in the interesting
profession of caring for shade trees

World’s largest tree servicing organization now
has openings for permanent positions with good
opportunity for advancement. Only sturdy, dean*
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single, between eighteen and twenty-six years of
age, free to travel and with good practical educa¬
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place of personal interview. Davey Tree Expert
Company, 178 City Bank Building, Kent, Ohio.

HERE’S a bargain in a horse-drawn,
strongly-built farm Cart. U. S. Gov’t
surplus. Cost the Government $175. Our price
only $24.50 F.O.B. Schenectady, N. Y.
Carts never used — shipped knocked down
in original crates. Body 7 ft., 7 in. long —
4 ft., 3 in. wide — 2 ft. deep, with tail board
and heavy floor. Wheels 4Vk feet high. Wide
iron tires 3 in. wide, % in. thick. Steel
axle 2x2 in. Castings all malleable. Body
and shafts white oak or hickory. Cart is
complete with brakes and axle wrench.
Painted 3 coats. Manufactured by Stude-
baker & Indiana Wagon Works. Here is
your chance to get a brand new cart at a
give-away price. Guaranteed as represented.
$24.50 F.O.B. Schenectady, N. Y.

Separate Wheels And Axles

Same as furnished on HANDY FARM
CART — 2 Wheels 54 in. and Axle — $17.50.
2 Wheels 44 in. and Axle — $16.00. F. O. B.
Louisville. Ky. Guaranteed as represented.
Supply limited. Send check or money-
order. Prompt shipment.

NATIONAL ELECTRIC TOOL CO.

Dept. B-IO

1915 S. State Street Chicago, III.

SECTIONAL STEEL GARAGES

LUe Wood $158 AND UP

Shipped Anywhere
Easily Erected.

•

Steel Buildings lor All
Purnoses

Write for Information.

John Cooper Co., 301 Second St., Hackensack, N. J.

SHAW^w/MAROEN TRACTOR

LOW COST POWER for home gardens,
small farms, poultry and fruit ranches,
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MFG. CO. ,4709 Front St.* Galesburg* Kansas.

Seven Decades of Milk

By JOHN J. DILLON

'T'HIS is the story of milk in the New York
A milkshed. It goes back to the earliest avail¬
able sources of information to be found in
print and tradition for the commercial history
of the milk dairy industry in New York State.
It is suggestive of the early habits and cus¬
toms that may have affected the Industry
down to the present time. The present milk
system began in 1870 and the author has been
able to write from personal memory and from
constant and intimate contact for 70 years.
He has known all the organizations and most
of the leaders in the New|York milkshed.
The theme of the book is simple justice to
the milk consumer, producer & distributor.
This means prices for milk production and for
distribution based on costs plus the average
rate of profits paid by the producers on the
supplies he buys.

The book consists of 333 pages. It is made
handsome and durable because it has
information for future generations. Price
$3.00 postpaid. New York City sales
only, add 2 °/» Sales Tax. Books for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street, New York City

iiiiimmiiiiniiiiinmiiiinniiinnmuiim

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll set
a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

(iimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimimiiimiiiimmimiiii

516

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’S PAPER
Established isso

Published Bi-Weekly bj the Hnral Publishing Go., Inc. 333 West 30th St., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William P. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworth, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, *1.50 per agate line — 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes between our subscribers and honest,
responsible houses, whether adveitisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end, but such cases should not be confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

A Message to Farm Friends

Part I

FOR many years past, the State Educa¬
tional Department, backed and urged
by special interests, has made a determined
effort to take away from you your convenient,
economical, efficient and democratically con¬
trolled rural schools. Some of you have al¬
ready had your schools tgken, your taxes
raised and your control over the education
of your own children stolen from you. Others
have successfully fought against the terrific
odds and won. For all those years, in the
forefront of the fight, has been the courageous,
conscientious and competent Rural School
Improvement Society. It is that organization
that we must thank for our partial defeat
of the Albany autocracy that is seeking to
wrest from the rural people the last vestige
of that democracy for which our forefathers
fought and died. There is dire need of a
modern Paul Revere to awaken the rural
people to the danger that threatens, for the
Department is concentrating on a new blitz-
kreig right now that will sweep every rural
district in the State into the Albany regime
and leave the farmers holding the bag in a
scheme that includes taxation without repre¬
sentation. The rural people have been slow
to anger but if they become once aroused,
they can and will, not only prevent this new
plan for usurping power, but will get back
the rights that have already been taken
from them.

For ten years the Rural School Improve¬
ment Society has been telling the Legislature
that centralization of schools is resulting in
needless waste of money but the Legislature
turned a deaf ear until recently when they
decided to disprove this statement and ap¬
pointed a committee headed by Assemblyman
Rapp for this purpose. The Rapp committee
went to Warrensburg where they found that
a central district had been formed and that
the school board was attempting to get a bond
issue voted to erect a new school. They found,
or could have found, that a bond issue for
$618,000 had been defeated and that subse¬
quently $336,000 had been advertised by the
board as the absolute minimum required for
a new building but that the people had
overwhelmingly defeated a proposal to bond
the district for that amount in one of the
largest votes ever recorded in that district.
They found, or could have found, that the
centralization had been accomplished in the
first instance by the help of marked ballots
although the vote was supposed to be secret,
and that it had been bitterly fought for years
by the rural people, both in Albany and in
the courts. They found, or could have found,
that the Board of Education had consistently
refused free and open public discussion and
debate although they had been repeatedly
requested and challenged. They found, or
could have found, that the people of the dis¬
trict had not been told whether the old
building was to be I’sed or scrapped and
whether the $336,000 now asked was enough
to complete a school building or not. They
found, or could have found, that the Board
of Education knew that $336,000 now asked
was not enough to complete the building but
that the Board intended to get all they could

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

under the law which requires a two-third
vote for a bond issue larger than that, and
to get the rest later. In other words, they found,
or should have found, that the Board planned
to get around the law and mislead the people
but in spite of all this, they gave the plan
their blessing and decided to hold a public
hearing in Albany, after the vote on the bond
issue. At that public hearing, it was brought
out that a plan calling for the expenditure
of over $618,000 for a school building and
equipment had been ok’d by the State De¬
partment and that later the same Department
had ok’d a plan calling for only $336,000 to
provide an adequate building in the same
district.

Now it appears that the Rapp committee
dropped the Warrensburg investigation like
a hot potato and so far as T can find out, it
is still in the air. Not a bit of investigation
of the undemocratic methods of the Board,
not a word of condemnation for their attempt
to get around the law requiring a two-thirds
vote, and not a word against the Board’s
absolute refusal to call a meeting to vote on
decentralization as required by law.

John S. Hall
(To be Continued)

A TRULY helpful insect is at work in New
Hampshire. This is the Calosoma beetle
and its larva, both deadly enemies of the
gypsy and brown-tail moth caterpillars. The
beetle is brilliant green, an inch long and
with long black legs. The larva is black and
up to an inch and one-half long. This insect
never eats plants, but searches trees and
ground for gypsy and brown-tail caterpillars
and their pupae which it eats greedily.

Entomologist James G. Conklin, of the New
Hampshire Station, says that these beetles
may live four or five years, and that a single
pair may destroy 2,000 brown-tail caterpillars,
while a pair with their offspring may kill 6,000
gypsy caterpillars and their pupae in a single
season. The calosoma was brought from
Europe in the early part of this century,

A READER says that skunks are digging
holes in the lawn in places where the
grass has turned brown and is loose. White
grubs have doubtless eaten the grassroots,
and the skunks are after the grubs, of which
they are very fond. Skunks are not desirable
around the dooryard, but they are doing a
good job in this case. They will leave when
the grubs get scarce.

A lawn in this patchy condition can be
repaired and eventually got back to normal
by raking the dead grass from the damaged
spots and sowing grass seed of a type suitable
to the locality, previously mixing a little
fertilizer with the soil. This process should
be continued every few days.

THE use of rotenone as an insecticide is
increasing. The poisonous principle comes
from derris, cube, timbo, and some other
plants. Derris comes from the East Indies,
cube from Peru, and timbo from Brazil. The
roots of these plants are variable in compo¬
sition and, an effort is being made by the
growers to select strains of high rotenone
content.

The structural formula of rotenone is so
complex that thus far chemists have not been
able to compound it in a synthetic way. Until
this is done the native sources of supply will
have to be depended on. The poison while
destructive to most insects has no serious
effect on warm blooded animals.

THE use of rye as a cover crop is one of
the best soil conservation practices for
the North. It is not a new idea. Our fathers
knew about it, and did not grudge the seed
which made otherwise bare fields green in
Winter.

Rye holds the soil in place with its mass
of roots and furnishes a lot of vegetable
matter when plowed under in Spring. The
growth, then a foot tall, rots quickly and im¬
proves the mechanical condition of the soil
for any crop then planted. South of Phila¬
delphia crimson clover will live over Winter,
and adds nitrogen as well as humus to the
soil. But rye is the standby for the North
and is not to be despised. It makes a quick
growth, which will continue until the ground
is frozen.

Fruits of Family Unity

MOTORING on a hard surface road in
the vicinity of Delphi Falls, south of
Cazenovia, N. Y., I was attracted by the
appearance of a prosperous looking farm and
the attractive poise of a well kept farm house
set on a gentle elevation which Nature seemed
to have specially designed for just that par¬
ticular domicile. Instinctively, I slowed up
the car for a leisurely look at the house and
the broad acres. I turned in the smooth
driveway to meet the owner coming towards
me from the barn.

In a very simple and modest way, I gath¬
ered the family history from a general con¬
versation about the farm. John Fuggle came
to America from England many years back
and bought 242 acres of farm land. By in¬
ference I got the impression that his land and
buildings, livestock and equipment, repre¬
sented considerable of an indebtedness. His
assets included two sons who survive him,
Barnard and Herbert. I would not venture
to estimate what a father’s appraisal of his
total assets might be, including two such
American sons, but as I drove from the farm
he had developed, I felt that in his sons he
had left a priceless gift to America.

The family bond is strong. The farm is
operated as a unit, with the help of two hired
men. Herbert occupies the old homestead with
his wife and two daughters. It is on the same
road which runs through the land from East
to West, as the home occupied by his brother.
There are two sets of farm buildings and
equipment and houses, 3'et all are owned and
operated in common. That alone confirms
the family ties. It bespeaks the good sense,
the integrity, and the high sense of justice
of both brothers and their families. Looking
down from Heaven on their sons, Mr. and
Mrs. John Fuggle must be proud of their
sons, and also of their wives who must share
in the merits and success of the enterprise.

The herd consists of 80 head of purebred
Holsteins, about 60 in production. Enough
heifers are raised to maintain the herd. Clover
and alfalfa, green and fragrant, fill the barns
to the rafters. Some grain is harvested. The
corn was nearing time for cutting. It stood
high and heavy. The fields of it stretched to
the limit of vision. One wondered if the silos
could possibly hold it all.

We talked briefly of the war conditions, of
political inflyences, of taxes and of the
systems of milk distribution. Our minds ran
in the same channel on all these subjects,
which, of course, convinced me that in busi¬
ness and public affairs Mr. Barnard Fuggle
is as sound as the Fuggle Brothers are success¬
ful in the management of the farm. J. j. D.

Brevities

The Grange was established 75 years ago by
Oliver Hudson Kelley.

Storage packed eggs from Argentina are re¬
ported on the New York market, wholesaling at
28 cents.

Our apple crop this year is estimated at
125,600,000 bushels. This is somewhat more than
last year but the greatest increase has been in
early varieties.

About 1,653,000 acres are in truck crops for
processing this year. This is about 200,000 more
than in 1940. The largest single item increase is
31.9 per cent for sweet corn.

The tomato fruit worm (Heliothis armigera)
causes an estimated loss of $2,600,000 to the crop
in this country yearly. The worst infestations
are in the South in early tomatoes.

“Many, O Lord my God, are thy wonderful
works which thou hast done, and thy thoughts
which are to us- ward: they cannot be reckoned
up in order unto thee: if I would declare and
speak of them, they are more than can be num¬
bered.” Psa. 40:5.

Striking results from the treatment of some
South Carolina vineyards for boron deficiency
were noticed. Borax at the rate of 10 pounds
per acre was applied on both sides of the vine
rows. This treatment should pot be used in a
general way except on advice of competent
agricultural authority.

Here is what M. L. Wilson, of the government
extension service, says about eggs: “They are
an important source of several of the essential
vitamins and minerals. The yolk contains vita¬
mins A, B1 (thiamin), D, E, G (riboflavin);
nicotinic acid (the pellagra-preventing factor);
and small quantities of vitamin K (the anti-
hemorrahagic factor). The white of eggs also
contains some riboflavin. Eggs are rich in vita¬
min D and constitute practically the only farm
commodity which can lay claim to being a source
of this important vitamin. They also include the
important minerals, iron, calcium, and phos¬
phorus.”

7bt RURAL NEW-YORKER

517

New Deal Fallacies

NINE years ago the New Deal began to
upset our national traditions, ideals and
fundamentals. It started to make us wealthy
by destroying wealth. That policy was
changed to paying farmers out of the public
treasury for producing less. Now we have a
quota for production and a dole for the “I
won’t work” brigade. The treasury has bought
up cotton, whegt and tobacco. These are now
in storage and the government authorities
cannot agree on what is to be done with them.

Last week, an administration official
speaking in Boston, proposed a full change
in the New Deal policy. He would put the
government products on the market in com¬
petition with similar products now being
marketed in order to keep prices from in¬
creasing and to prevent inflation. The previ¬
ous day, Secretary of Agriculture Wickard in
California had pleaded for increased farm
production especially of dairy and poultry
products for domestic use and for our friends
across the seas. He promised to maintain
prices on these products through 1942.

This administration is committed to the
theory that farm prices in the five year period
1910-14 were at par with the prices of in¬
dustry. Its spokesmen point to index numbers
as conclusive proof. We have challenged
that contention, and renew that challenge now.
To adopt farm prices at that time as a just
basis for fixing prices of farm products would
be to cheat farm producers now and for all
time to come. Order and justice demand that
farm prices, as well as prices on other goods,
be based on cost of production and a profit.

When prices are fixed in free markets
under the law of supply and demand and with
a definite amount of currency in circulation,
prices will be a parity or practically so, pro¬
vided the government does not impose dis¬
criminating laws. With reckless increases in
the volume of currency, inflation is bound to
follow, and arbitrary price fixing always has
and, we believe, always will make matters
worse.

The New Deal has made great dents in our
American system in nine years. If it should
continue for nine years more, the democracy
that most of us treasure will exist no more.

The Hoary Core Survives

BASED on a rough estimate of cost of
productibn, the Young committee asked
$3.82 a cwt. for milk. The record of the hear¬
ings held in the State was reviewed in
Washington by:

The Dairy Division.

The Legal Division.

The High Administrative Division.

The Consumers’ Counsel, and
The Federal Secretary of Agriculture.
These authorities fixed the price at $3.11,
or 71 cents less than the Committee asked.
Ballots have been sent to producers. If the
required number of producers vote promptly
by mail, the increase of 23 cents a cwt. will
go into effect September 20. Otherwise the
present price $2.88 stands. What the blended
price will be depends on the mercy of the
big handlers. They have the power to make
it what they please by classification.

The record of the hearings is that farmers
have not received cost of production in 12
years. The facts are that with two brief ex¬
ceptions — in 1882 and 1916 — farmers have
not received a cost price since 1870.

The trick that dealers devised 70 years ago
to empower themselves to fix the price they
paid farmers for milk has appeared in every
scheme they have adopted since. It is now
in use. The device is a corporation composed
of dealers and producers for the plausible
purpose of determining a fair and reasonable
price for milk, but so devise'd that the dealers
have complete control and consequently are
empowered to fix the price to be paid farmers.
In every case, dealer stooges and subsidized
farmers give an appearance of farm consent.
To disguise the purpose, it has been necessary
to change appearances and add complications,
but the kernel of all has been the same for
seven decades. Farmers cracked the kernel
in 1882 and again in 1916, but the little
kernel (trick) is cleverly hidden in the com¬
plicated structure of the Federal- State Orders
and in the Big-3 handlers.

District Attorney Dewey attained merited
credit for breaking up the little seven or eight
million dollar policy racket in New York
City. Two different State Attorney Generals
broke up the first two of our milk rackets;
one in 1895, the other in 1909. Our present
milk racket with exactly the same kernel,
with more pulp and a harder shell, is costing
the people of the State an estimated $40,-
000,000 every year. Mr. Dewey has told us
correctly that every monopoly has a racket.
In the Milk case the racket has a monopoly
under the Federal-State Orders.

The essential facts of this 70 -year old milk
racket are now on record between the covers
of one book. The facts have not been dis¬
puted. Instead, they are confirmed by official
investigations, in court records, in recent
Federal hearings and out of the mouths of
the very men who devised and promoted the
present scheme. These men have admitted
at various times in the past 20 years, when
they tried to put the blame on others, that
farmers were producing milk at. a loss, that
they could not afford medical or dental care
for their families, nor proper food and
clothing for their children, that dairy farm
buildings were out of repair, that the roofs
leaked and dairy farms were abandoned. The
last professional record is that farmers have
sold milk under the present regime for 12
years for less than the cost of production.

Such are the results of the conspiracies
and intrigues which began with the Borden-
League alliance of 20 years ago and has
culminated now in the present set-up. No
one can study the framework, the laws and
the procedure and fail to see that the system
has done just what it was designed to do.
That, in plain words, means a crooked scheme
to further enrich the entrenched milk dealers,
promoters and pettifoggers by the plunder
and robbery of dairy farmers.

Answer to a Riddle

As a dairy farmer who has been forced to
knuckle under to the milk monopoly for several
years past, including the last three years of the
Federal-State setup, I am puzzled at the turn
things are taking. I have had my convictions
as to who is right and who is wrong but I don’t
understand this new “farm leader” unity.

The Rural New-Yorker can always be de¬
pended upon to give us producers the plain, solid
truth and so I am writing you to find out “who
is it that is in the woodpile?” t. c.

New York

HERE is much basis in fact, and good
reason, for this farmer’s misgivings. He
is typical of the large majority of milk pro¬
ducers who have resented the “chain gang”
tactics of the Big-3 monopoly and who have
given the best support possible for them to
give, to any group or organization that pledges
itself to work to free the dairy industry from
this monopoly grip. Farmers know that the
Big-3 sponsored and fought for the Rogers-
Alien Law, the Bargaining Agencies and the
ultimate Federal-State Orders, in order to
give their racket some slight vestige of
legality. The farmers had proposed their own
plan at the same time but the Governor re¬
jected it in favor of the dealers’ bill. For the
past four years now, the Big-3 have been
waxing fat with everything their own way —
until recently. Since last March particularly,
they find their power challenged, their in¬
tegrity questioned, and their accounts sub¬
jected to closer scrutiny than usual. It has
become clear to the Dig dealers and their
stooges that all is not well within their own
house.

We find the Big-3 objecting to delays in
price increases and howling about regimen¬
tation and dictatorship. These cries of price
and dictatorship are nothing but red herrings
strung by the big dealers across the farmers’
path. The price is theirs still to control, and
as to dictatorship, naturally they don’t like
it except when they themselves are the
fuehrers.

That the Federal-Stace setup is unwieldly,
impractical and basically a dealer's tool and
unfair to producers, has been known all along
and fully demonstrated in practice. Among
other objections, farmers have continually
protested against the low prices and the
inability of the setup to meet new conditions
promptly. But it is only since last March
that the Big-3 have begun to clamor along
the same lines. But not for the same purpose.

Since last March when the cooperative
handouts and diversion spoils were reduced,
dealers have received $666,000 less in five
months than they received between March and
July in 1940. Instead, this money has been
added to farmers’ milk checks.

To the Big-3, these changes are straws in
the wind which they cannot ignore and they
find themselves forced to embark on a cru¬
sade against their own brainchild, the Federal-
State regime, and are using the farmers’ own
arguments in a deceitful attempt to enlist the
support of others. Similarly in the July milk
strike, some of the big dealers actually made
gestures in support of the strike but the
record shows that they never got any further
than - the gestures.

This position has Gaused bewilderment
among some few but fortunately, the rank
and file of dairymen already detect the real
purpose in this nefarious dealer scheme — the
Big-3 are not against the Federal-State
Orders; they want them and need them but
they insist on complete control. In attempting
to eliminate some of the monopoly’s spoils,
Administrator Cladakis has incurred the Big-
3’s displeasure and has made it very clear
that he is not “their man.” In accordance with
strict Communazi tradition, therefore, it has
been decreed that Mr. Cladakis must be
liquidated.

It is for that reason that the Big-3 are now
waging their present bogus campaign under
the spurious slogan of “producer unity.” On
their 1919-1932 record, “producer unity”
means nothing but a complete and abject sur¬
render by everyone else to the Big-3’s power
and domination. The same kind of “producer
unity’! is again being held out today as a
bait to the unwary. Dairymen are not de¬
ceived by this propaganda. They realize that
any program for a farmer-owned and farmer-
controlled dairy business can be achieved only
by the producers themselves working together
and alone, free from all entangling alliances
and scheming “producer unity” campaigns.

Neppco Exposition

'HP HE next large poultry event will be the
*■* Exposition of the Northeastern Poultry
Producers Council, at the Farm Show Build¬
ing, Harrisburg, Pa., October 7-10. This
association was started ten years ago as the
result of careful planning and organization
and has been developed to its present size
along these lines. It serves the 13 Northeastern
State, from Maine to West Virginia.

One of the features will be a “Parade of
Champions,” bringing together for the first
time outstanding entries of major breeds
entered in the laying contests of Maine,
Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, New
Jersey and Pennsylvania.

In addition to the exhibits and educational
displays, there will be addresses and dis¬
cussions on such important subjects as:
Keeping the laying house filled; the broiler
industry which is increasing in some localities;
grass crops on the range and grass silage;
the feed problem; the hatcheryman; and
combating chick diseases, discussed by Dr.
Erwin Jungherr, of the University of Connec¬
ticut, at Storrs.

July Milk Prices

The prices paid for 3.5 per cent milk by co¬
operatives and dealers reporting for the month
of July are as follows:

a ci x\j\j i jua. rci

Hillsdale Producers Co-op. Inc. . .$2.66 $0.0566

Lehigh Valley Co-op. Farmers . . 2.39 .05

Clinton Co. Dairymen’s Co-op. 2.35 .05

Crowley’s Milk Co., Inc . 2.32 .0493

M. H'. Renken Dairy Co . 2.30 .0489

Sheffield Farms . . . 2.29 .0487

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 2.28 .0485

Dairymen’s League, Inc . 2.185 .0465

These are basic prices. Fat, freight, bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

In 35 years of book-selling, this is the first
time I have sent a publisher the full list price
for a book, but this time I want to as a slight
acknowledgment of the indebtedness I feel to
the R. N.-Y. and John J. Dillon for the light I
have had from you on the milk question and
the problems of the dairy farmers with whom I
have come in contact only in the past two years.
You seem to be always in the farmer’s corner and
opposed to the milk trust. I hope I may be able
to send you orders for the book. m. a. a.

New York

518

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

On May 16, 1938, 90 dairy farmers
in Somerset, Hunterdon and Warren
Counties in New Jersey began breed¬
ing dairy cows artificially and em¬
ployed a full time veterinarian to
do it. They called their association
“New Jersey Cooperative Artificial
Breeding Unit Number One.” Num¬
ber One still is going strong today
and should be called United States
Unit Number One as it was' the first
cooperative artificial breeding asso¬
ciation in this country. It now breeds
over 3,000 cows annually, has a
flourishing business, many of its
members’ bulls have long since been
forgotten and on top of all this
success it has a tidy sum in the bank
as a reserve.

Because Unit Number One lived,
so have nearly 50 more and so will
scores of other cooperative groups
be formed and be successful if they
do not expect the millennium but
are willing to abide by just as good,
or a little better than natural results
of breeding. The trouble is that so
few of our herds have any records
of conception rates other than the
barn door, that it is difficult to prove
\yhether artificial breeding is as good
or better. When the dollar mark is
placed on every service, then most
dairymen want a calf and begin to
watch the conception rate. An aver¬
age of two services or less per
pregnancy is about what natural
service has given on most farms.
That seems low when we begin to
put $5 on the barrel head every time
we have a new cow to breed but
that is one of the advantages of
artificial breeding. It makes us herd
health concious and will in a year
or two result in serious attention to
the calf drop.

Artificial breeding of all forms of
livestock is not new. It had its
greatest growth in Russia, was used
in Japan, perhaps received its great¬
est impetus on the little Island of
Samso, just off the coast of Den¬
mark near Copenhagen. When it
received an impetus through our
Professor Perry and a few county
agents and enthusiastic dairymen in
New Jersey, then many of our best
breeders in this country began to
look at its possibilities, some with
misgivings, some with faint hope,
some with the feeling that it would
upset long time breeding programs
and some with the thought that it
would spoil bull sales.

The writer has been very close to
this project which has grown like
a mushroom, and has of necessity
had all of the feelings of those who
were proponents and those who had
misgivings. He can report that all
were right and that for a long time
to come they will be right. Some of
those, however, with misgivings will
become proponents and some of the
proponents will have misgivings.

It so happened in New Jersey that
our Holstein breeding experiment at
the Dairy Research Farm at Beemer-
ville, N. J., had been timed to get
results just when the Breeding Unit
was getting started. The Holstein
experiment had proved a bull co¬
operatively with Peter P. Van Nuys
of Belle Meade, N. J. The bull called
“Alice” was of Ormsby Sensation
45th breeding and much inbred. His
first 13 daughters tested 3.85 per
cent and averaged over 10,000 lbs. of
milk on two-time milking. Several
more bulls of close kin to “Alice”
were being proved and looked rather
promising. Unit Number One wanted
“Alice.” The New Jersey College
agreed to furnish bulls and direct
the breeding program at a nominal
sum for bull service. The breeding
experiment became New Jersey
dairymen’s first line of defense and
the writer has been the bull man
since that eventful day in middle
May, 1938. During the past three
years, between 20 and 30 Holstein
bulls of varying ages have given
varying degrees of encouragement
and discouragement in an attempt
to fulfill the promise to keep arti¬
ficial breeding on the safe road to
better cows in New Jersey. The
lessons learned and the methods
followed will no doubt coincide with
the findings in other cooperative
breeding associations and with in¬
dividual breeders who are using the
artificial plan of mating.

When the program first started, it
was agreed that three to four bulls
would be needed as active sires for

Future of Artificial Breeding

By J . W. Bartlett

Exercise is Recommended for all bulls. “Alice” is in the background.

a Unit. A Unit should never attempt
to begin operations until it has 1,000
cows, and right here it should be
said that finances are important and
that an association should not try
to operate cheaply. Farmers will
more willingly contribute to a suc¬
cessful operating program than to
a sickly one which is hampered by
lack of finances. A service fee of
$5 has been little enough in New
Jersey.

The four bulls should consist of
at least two, and preferably three
proved individuals, and a fourth
bull which may be a yearling, two-
year old or three-year old. Our
experience has been that some old
bulls may be used as often as once

had the best results with one bull
which has never been out of his pen
even to breed a cow in the last year.
Rest helps some sires and they should
not be used too often. The micro¬
scope and a record card with daily
observations of sperm activity are
the best guides to a bull’s prowess
at giving up semen. When the bull
shows signs of slowing down, he
needs rest from breeding. The use
of the egg yolk diluter has helped
revolutionize the preservation of
semen and has made possible the
reduced use of bulls at least one-
half. The New Jersey program has
now resolved itself into the use of
even the best physical sires not over
seven to ten times in any one month,

every four days. In the beginning
we trieR some bulls every other day,
some every third day and it was
found that a few old bulls would
respond regularly. While several
would breed artificially a few times
and would then refuse, others failed
to give live sperm as often as every
third day. This condition was not
confined to old bulls, however; some
young bulls behaved in exactly the
same way. The amount of semen,
the motility of the sperm, and the
longevity of the sperm under re¬
frigeration and preservation methods
has varied with all bulls and with
the same bull. Bulls whose sperm
will not live 72 hours under favor¬
able conditions have not generally
given best breeding results.

depending on the individual bull.

Bull management is one of the
most important phases of successful
bull service. Most sires have a
psychology. Many of them do not
like certain men. Many of them be¬
come creatures of habit. They be¬
come spoiled and to get best results
it is wise to pontiune to spoil them.
The experience is here cited of one
sire eight years old that had a con¬
ception rate of 1.6 for the first month
that he was used in Unit Number
One after being moved from the
Dairy Research Station. At the end
of six weeks this bull refused to
breed. He was coaxed, spanked, and
allowed to breed strange cows. Still
he refused. When he was returned
to his old home, he went to work

Hilltop Butterfat, a proved bull with 22 daughter records averaging 11,146.5
pounds milk and 566 pounds fat. As a two-year-old he has over 200
yearling daughters in members ‘ herds.

Why do these bulls vary and what
can we do about it? Some of the
trouble is physiological and often
can be overcome; some of it is
psychological and can be remedied
by proper methods. The use of
ascorbic acid proved beneficial in 85
per cent of cases of infertility in
bulls in Wisconsin. It has been used
with some success in New Jersey
breeding units. Proper rations have
helped in some cases to bring about
more vigor on the part of some bulls.
The use of mechanical exercisers
seems to keep bulls in physical trim,
helps their feet and legs to stay in
good condition. We have, however,

after ten days and has been giving
fine results ever since. He just didn’t
like the man who was handling him.
The man was not a bull man.

As the program progresses and
our dairymen have a few fine heifers
freshening in their herds, they be¬
come more particular about the sires
they prefer to use and the blood lines
they follow. Most breeders of cattle
will agree that close breeding of
related individuals holds the great¬
est hope for improved production.
The majority of dairymen who sub¬
scribe to artificial breeding are de¬
pendent on their milk check and
their interest is in having more milk

per cow. They will not tolerate very
long any heifers born in their herds
that are not as good, or better than
those cows they originally owned.
Thus the problem is twofold. First
we must use proved sires, and
secondly we must prove some. The
job must be done concurrently. The
older breeding units are answering
the first problem by spreading the
use of outstanding sires over the
widest territory possible. New Jersey
is shipping semen of its superior
Holstein sires from its Research
Farm by parcel post to each of the
units in the State. Farmers can now
have their choice of bulls on several
days in the month and soon they
should have a choice every day. The
problem of getting bulls proven can
best be effected by cooperation with
outstanding breeders who will agree
to lease bulls or sell if the units
prefer. Such cooperation will insure
our breeders a market and our units
safe sires. The unit will have to
sample the young bulls, however,
for the breeders. We cannot expect
breeders to assume all the responsi¬
bility. By sampling is meant that
young bulls may be bred to 50 to
100 cows in a unit and then retired
from active service until more is
known about them. It is very con¬
ceivable that this kind of cooperation
would in a few years result in so
establishing certain blood lines in a
community that it would be safe to
use sons of breeders’ outstanding
cows without sampling. This is the
advantage and hope of community
cooperative breeding.

Artificial breeding on a coopera¬
tive plan is here to stay. It should
promote better cattle, healthier cattle,
and_greater incomes. As standards
of production are increased, so should
the value of the sires used. The good
cattle of the present are the result
of intelligent breeding selection.

The mechanics of the program will
soon be rather uniform. On the other
hand, however, if artificial breeding
projects are to succeed, such care¬
ful methods of selection and mating
must be followed.

Goat Winners at Troy Hills

The results of the judging of
goats at the Morris County Fair
in Troy Hills, N. J., held last month
were as follows:

Grade milking does: One, Tweedle
Dum, owned by Mrs. M. Stillman;
Two, Hook Mt. Amelia, owned by
Mrs. C. W. Gilson; Three, Girlie,
owned by Emil Wilhelm. Toggen-
burg milking does: One Scotsward
Hearts Delight 59036, owned by Mrs.
C. B. Ward; Two, Scotsward Bonita
59038, owned by Mrs. C. B. Ward;
Three, Soilings Marguerite 60507,
owned by Miss Helen Metz. Nubian
milking does: One Buttercup Ebony
N2508, owned by Mrs. I. Prosnikoff;
Two, Majestic Lena’s Clover 2174,
owned by Freeman Prasse. Saanen
milking does: One, Cloncairds Carrie,
owned by Mrs. I. R. Hewitt. Alpine
milking does: One, Little Hill Sylvie
Silver RA205, owned by Mary E.
Rock.

Best kid in show, Preakness Mt.
Lila 66135, owned by Robert Conklin.
Grade herd group, won by Mrs. M.
Stillman, Roseland, N. J., with
Tweedle Dum, Annie Laurie, Athenia
and Annchusa. Purebred herd group:
Won by Mr. D. W. Whitney, Towaco,
N. J., with Hobby Hill Susanna
59189, Birch wood Dutchess 63880,
Hobby Hill_Susette 66065 and Hobby
Hill Jill 66069. Best grade doe,
Tweedle Dum, owned by Mrs. M.
Stillman. Best in show, Scotsward
Delight, owned by Mrs. C. B. Ward,
Florham Park, N. J. Chairman was
George H. Papps, Jr. and Mrs. Lucy
Tyler acted as judge.

Eruption on Heifer

Our heifer freshening for the first
time has a peculiar white scab which
seeems to be spreading all over her
face. What can we do with or for
it? p.

Application of old crank case
drainings from a car which has not
been burning lead gasoline might
be of some benefit. This may be re¬
applied in about five days for a
period of four weeks. If improve¬
ment is not noticed in a week or
two it would be advisable to call in
the services of a veterinarian and
follow prescribed treatment as in¬
dicated. R. Wt D.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

519

SHORTHORNS

TREMENDOUS NEW OPPORTUNITY

for Milking Shorthorn raisers due to defense pro¬
gram. U. S. and Great Britain urgently need all milk
and rae-t this country can produce. Greatest oppor¬
tunity with Milking Shorthorns. Hold official world’s
records for milk and butterfat production. Greatest
salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50c, one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY,
Dept. F-3, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

• SCOTCH SHORTHORNS •

Cedar Salute; red-calved August 2, 1940. by Brawith
Bugler and out of Robinwood Secret 15th by Raven!
Masterpiece, $200.00; Cedar Sentinel, roan-calved Aug¬
ust 6, 1940 by Cedar Masterpiece and out of Master¬
piece Nonpareil 2nd by Ilaveni Masterpiece, $175.00.
Write— CEDAR FARM, Box 125, OVID, NEW YORK

| GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls— one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHV1LLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, DELHI, NEW YORK

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near you
with stock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.
96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

| HEREFORDS

H eref oras

Five pure bred Hereford bulls, one to two years
old. also pure bred young heifers and cows.

WM. J. HAMILTON, R. D. 2, JAMESVILLE, N. Y.

II f July and August litters few spring sows.

nereiOlQb Vaccinated, registered, good parentage.
Price reasonable. A. H. WOODS, ZIONSVILLE, PA.

DOGS

QT RFRNARHQ breeds, details free!! Book:

01. DEIM'IrtlvDO 104 photos, descriptions, recognized
breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

"DlIREBRED COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.

» . Non- Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

p J Puppies, Irish Setters, Pointers, Beagles,

I CulgrCcU springer Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels. Meier
Pineknoll Kennels, Noxon Rd., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

c<A|l C A f ¥T Shepherd pups. Watch dogs,
Tulx OHIjIj companions, heel drivers.

MAUDE THOMAS, ADAMS CENTER, NEW YORK

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

Farm Raised SHEPHERDS

Great Dane Pups far m ho'l m?’ N?wmpaitz,yiN!n y!

fftl I ICO Sables also whites. Registered. Priced right.

tULLlKO TWEEDON KENNELS. Phoenix. New York

Reg. Collies— Beagles

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge. Pheasant,
Quail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

POINTER PUPS. Bloodlines of all "Big Seven”
Champions. SYLVIA GARDENS, Waverly, N. Y.

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS — Details free.
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON, NEW YORK

AIREDALES — The all-round dog. Will Ship C.O.D.

SHADY SIDE FARM, - MADISON, . N. Y.

r 1 • L Bull female pups. Litter registered. Sour

Lnglisn mugs $25. EDGEWOOD FARMS, Troy, Pa.

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

COON— FOX - HOUNDS Sffi? .KTft

HORSES and PONIES

• DISPERAL SALE •

Ponies; Shetlands and larger ponies. Some half-bred
Morgans. Prices drastically reduced to close out. Broken
ponies, brood mares, young stock.

TORREYA FARM, MILLBROOK, NEW YORK

For Sale

• PAIR OF IRON-GREY MARES •

Pour and five years; weight 2800 lbs. Pair of black
mares three and seven; weight 3000 lbs. Some have
colts at foot; some will have colts later.

FRANK M. HIGGINS, WYOMING, NEW YORK

DAI ftIVfINftC Registered brood mares, 6 months
T ALU 111 I IT U O old and yearling filly and stud
colts, studs ready for service. Livestock taken in
trade. Raise Palominos for profit and pleasure.

FISHER FURNITURE FARMS, Souderton, Pa.

SHEEP

REG. DORSET SHEEP

At reasonable prices.

GEORGE D. BRICE, SKANEATELES, NEW YORK

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
vear old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

AIM 17 outstanding registered Shropshire Ram; three
UlMt years. Will trade for ram of equal value.

GUSTAV H. KOVEN, GREEN VILLAGE. N. J.

BEG1STEBED OXFOBD BAMS "..S.ICTU'-

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

fODDIUlAI R Rams. All ages; fanners’ prices.

LUKKlfcDAlX j. H. Whitmore, Mt. Morris, N. Y.

FERRETS

for killing rats and other
game; yearling females,
special ratter $4.00. Young males $3.00; females $3.50;
pair $6.00. WM. A. PECK. NEW LONDON, OHIO

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The five other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $2,122; 2-C,
$2,141; 3-A. $2,041; 4-A, $1,588; 4-B, $1,914.

Fluid sales for the whole month of July
1941 amounted to 209,778,492 pounds and
there was a total of 502,903,774 pounds in
the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 16 cents,
BUTTER

Premium marks, 37(4 to 38V2c; 90 to 92
score, 35 to 37c; unsalted, best, 39c;.
EGGS

Premium marks, 37(4 to 40c; specials, 37c;
standards, 33c; Pacific Coast specials, 43c;
standards, 41c; brown, fancy, 41c.

LIVE POULTRY

Fowls, 21 to 23c; chickens, 21 to 22 ’/2c;
roosters, 16c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 26c; chickens, 28c; turkeys, 29c;
ducks, 16c; geese, 14c; squabs, 38c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $11.25; cows, $8; bulls, $9; calves,
$15; lambs, $13; hogs, $12.25.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.50; grapes, 12-qt bkt.,
$2; peaches, bu., $2; pears, bu., $1.75; plums.
12-qt. bkt., $1.15; huckleberries, qt., 27c,
muskmelons, bu., $1.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $2; brussels sprouts, qt.,
15c; cabbage, 1(4 bu., $1; cauliflower, crate,
$1.75; com, 100, 90c; onions, 50 lbs., $1.30;
peas, bu., $2.25; spinach, bu., 85c; squash,
bu., 75c; tomatoes, 12-qt., bkt., 75c; ruta
bagas, 50 lbs., 75c; water cress, bunch, 3(4c;
potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.35; sweet potatoes, bu.,
$1.25.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, $23; No. 2, $21; No. 3, $19;
straw, rye, $18; oat and wheat, $14.
GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, hard, $1.37(4; corn, No. 2,
95%c; oats, No. 2. 62%c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 44c; eggs, 52c; peaches, lb., 4c;
plums, lb., 4c; apples, lb., 3c; peas, lb., 15c;
stringbeans, lb., 12c; muskmelons, 15c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 38c; eggs, 39c; live fowls, 23c;
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 25(4c; apples,
bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.20; peaches,
bu., $1.50; tomatoes, s/s-bkt., 65c.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12.75; bulls, $9.50; cows, $8.50;
calves, $15; lambs. $9.50; hogs, $12.75.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 37%c; eggs, 38c; hens, 22c:
chickens, 21c; potatoes, 100-lbs., $1.90;

apples, bu., $1.25; onions, 50-lbs.. $1.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $10.75; bulls, $9.60; cows, $8;
calves, $13.50; sheep, $4.25; lambs, $12.50;
hogs, $12.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter. — Creamery, higher scoring 38(4
to 38%c; extras, 37(4c; 90 score, 36(4*.

Eggs. — Nearby specials, 44c: mediums.
33c; pullets, 27c; peewees, 20c; western
hennery, brown, 42 to 43c; white, 41 to 42c;
extras, 37 to 38c; extra firsts, 34 to 36c;
firsts, 31 to 31 (4c.

Dressed Poultry. — Native fowl, fancy,
24 to 25c; medium, 20 to 22c; chickens,
fancy, 24 to 26c; others, 21 to 23c; broilers,
fancy, 22 to 23c; medium, 18 to 20c; roosters,
18c; ducklings, 16 to 17c; western fowl, 30-
35 lbs., 20'2c; 36-42 lbs.. 21(4c; 43-47 lbs..
2214c; 48-54 lbs., 24c; 55-59 lbs., 24(4c; 60
lbs. up, 25(4c; western chickens, 17-20 lbs..
26c; 21-24 Tbs.. 24c; 25-35 lbs., 22(4c; 36-42
lbs., 22c; 43-47 lbs., 22c; 48-54 lbs., 23c;

55-59 lbs., 24(4c; heavier, 25c; frozen, 26(4c;
turkeys, Northwestern hens and toms, 28 to
34c.

Live Poultry. — Fowl, over 6 lbs., 18 to
19c; under 6 lbs., 19 to 19V2C; chickens,
roasters, 18 to 19c; fryers, 18 to 18(4c,
broilers, 18 to 18(4c; roosters, 11 to 12c.

Potatoes. — Native, cobblers, 65 to 75c
box; $1.10 to $1.30 per 100-lb. bag; 60 to
70c per 60-lb. bag; U. S. Is L. I. and N. J„
100-lb. bag, cobblers, $1.35 to $1.40; sweet
potatoes, $2.75 to $3 bbl.

Vegetables. — Beans, green, $1.25 to $1.50
box; wax, $1.25 to $1.50; shell, 75c to $1.25;
Kentucky Wonders, $1.25 to $1.50 box; lima.
$1.50 to $1.75 box; celery, white (12), $1.10
to $1.25; broccoli, 75c to $1 box; cabbage,
(18), 65 to 90c; savoy. 60 to 75c box;

carrots, (18 bunches), 50 to 65c; cut-offs,
65c to $1 box; cauliflower, 50 to 75c box;
chicory. 40 to 50c box; corn, 40 to 60c
box; cucumbers, hothouse, 75c to $1.75 box;
eggplant, 50 to 75c box; escarole, 40 to
50c box; lettuce, 75c to $1 box; mushrooms,
85c to $1 bskt.; onions, $1 to $1.10 50-lb.
bag; 23 to 26c 10-lb. bag; parsley. 40 to 60c
box; peppers, hot, 50 to 90c; sweet, 50 to
60c box; romaine, 40 to 50c box; scallions
(36). 65 to 75c; spinach 35 to 50c; squash,
summer, 40 to 75c box; Italian, fancy, $2
to $2.25; red turban. 1(4 to 2c lb.; barrels,
$1.25 to $2; Des Moines. 65c to $1 box;
Swiss chard, 40 to 50c box; tomatoes, 40
to 85c bskt.; plums, $1.25 to $1.35 box;
turnips, yellow. 85c to $1 bag.

Boston Wool

Combing three-eighths blood average
bright fleeces brought 46 to 48 cents in
the grease. Combing one-quarter blood
was sold at 45 to 47 cents, mostly 46 to
47 cents in the grease for average bright
wool.

DEHORNING PASTE

PREVENT GROWTH the humane
way when calves are young by using
DANA'S DEHORNING PASTE.
Applied in a jiffy; absolutely effective,
yet harmless. No bleeding or soreness.
One bottle sufficient for 50 young or 35
older calves. Satisfaction guaranteed
or money back. $1 postpaid, with free
copy Dana’s Dairy and Breeders' Sup¬
ply Catalog. 48 pages. C.H.DANACO.,
77 Main St., Hyde Park, Vermont

JERSEYS

LAMINGTON JERSEYS. WHITEHOUSE, N. J.
Breeders of Purebred Jerseys

We offer for sale young sires by Crystal Star It
366308, Superior Sire who is classified excellent
and out of imported dams. Write for further in¬
formation and prices. G. E. TAYLOR, Manager.

At the left is Van Horne Onyx
Paladin Aquin; Herd Book Num¬
ber 1657933; Official Classifica¬
tion; Excellent.

“ Here is a
typical photograph
and Herd Improvement Reg -
istry Record to substantiate
our many years of very sat¬
isfactory experience with B-B
Rations

Van Horne Onyx Paladin Aquin

Days

Lbs. Milk

Lbs. Fat

3 years

365

14,960

547.5

4 “

365

18,863

733.9

365

19,539

763.7

6 “

365

23.33Z

917.5

Total

76,694

2962.6

The above statement is from Van Horne Farms Inc., Van Hornes-
ville, N. Y. We are proud to announce that the President of Van
Horne Farms Inc. is none other than Owen D. Young, prominent
and able leader in the dairymen’s fight for better milk prices.

Secretary of Agriculture, Claude Wickard has emphasized the im¬
portance of the American dairyman in our defense program and
has asked you for a substantial increase in milk production. This
means feeding a dairy ration with known qualities for keeping cows
in fine physical condition and high production.

With such leaders in the dairy industry as Owen D. Young, Dorr
McLaury, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Holstein
Friesian Association of America, and many other eminently successful
dairymen depending on B-B Dairy Rations, we urge that you prompt¬
ly ask us or your B-B dealer for a free copy of the B-B Complete Dairy
Feeding Program and follow its sound, proved recommendations.

Maritime Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

FEED *M| WAY

DAIRY CATTLE

Cattle

150 H°*ste‘ns’ Guernseys’ jjq

Jerseys

Fresh and close springers. Should
please most particular buyer.
100 heifers, 50 cows to freshen
late Fall to Spring.

75 Horses, Tractors, Farm
Machinery

E. L. FOOTE & SON, Inc.

Hobart, Est. 1845 New York

| ABERDEEN-ANGUS ~

CREMONA - ANDEL0T ANGUS SALE

Championship Blood at Auction

Frederick, Maryland Sept. 27

Send for the Catalogue

CREMONA FARM, ANDEL0T STOCK FARMS

M ECHAN ICSVI LLE, MD. WORTON, MD

8th Annual

ANQUS AUCTION

Of Cattle From Leading Virginia Herds

Mon. Oct. 13th. Warrenton, Virginia

For Catalogs Write

Virginia Aberdeen-Angus Ass’n.

J. B. Gordon, Sec’y. Cobham, Virginia

Andelot Aberdeen Angus

ANDELOT STOCK FARMS, WORTON, MARYLAND |

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen -Angu* beef cattle. Free on request. Apply I
Maryland Aberdeen- Angus Breeders' Auqciation, Col- j
lege Park, Md.. or Eastern Aberdeen-Angus Breeders' \
Association. Ithaca. New York.

KENRIDGE REG. ABERDEEN-ANGUS COWS

Yearling heifers, bull and heifer calves for sale. |
Accredited for T. B. and Bangs.

KENRIDGE FARM - CORNWALL, N. Y.

FOR SALE

Purebred Angus bull. Bur¬
gess, Barbarian strain.

GLEN ARDEN FARM, PAWLING, NEW YORK

SWINE

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.I).
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

Purebred CHESTER WHITES

Eight weeks old pigs, heavy bone type. Choice, selected
stock, popular breeding. Boars, sows, unrelated pairs.
$10.00 each. Application for registration furnished.

AYRLAWN FARMS, BETHESDA. MARYLAND

Strong, Vigorous Pigs (Vaccinated)

2-3 months old $6.50; $7.00 each. Selected boars all
ages and breeds. Gilts open and bred. Breed your sows.
A survey shows an alarming shortage.

CHARLES E. GILES, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

FOR SALE — A few nice young pigs, 6-8
weeks old @ $5.00 each. Ship C. O. D.

DAILEY STOCK FARM

LEXINGTON, MASS. TELEPHONE 1085

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. 0. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

REG. CHESTER WHITES

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton, Chester Co., Penna.

RCU miRnrSFaH Gilts and Spring Pigs. Russell F_
XVEiU. DUIUJLO Pattington, Scipio Center, New York

Hnmnciiirac Prize winning stock. Gilts and Boars.

ndmpsaires JAMES R_ SPEece, dauphin, pa.

GOATS

For Sale A Purebred Reg. Swiss Toggenburg

Doe goat, three years old, giving three or four quarts
of milk per day when fresh. Gentle and hornless. My
best doe. Also a good seven year old doe giving about
three quarts when fresh.

MRS. ANNA HURD WRIGHT
Route 3, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania

• rURLBREU 111 I LA. uUAlo AWU UUfc MUo •

Also one purebred yearling buck. E. Wicks Prop.
Toggenburg Goat Farm, Lincoln Ave., Sayville, L. I.

GoatS For ^°°J grade Swiss;

rua‘® f * Saanen. Low Prices.

Excelsior Goat Farm, Penwell Road, Washington, N. J.

Mil 1C CftATS T°ggenberg and Saanens, sold on ap-

Ul 1 L IV UUrtlJ prOTal, pony Farm Himrod N y

NUBIAN DAIRY GOATS out of prize stock. Herbert
Gencke, 1168 Richmond Ave., Port Richmond. S. I. N. Y.

FOR SALE— Driving Goats, Toggenburg, Saanen, Al-
ptne. Y. G. WEISSINGER. Route 59, Nanuet, N. Y.

RABBITS |

RARRITS P^mish; Reds: China; Young and breeders.

nrtDDU J stamp. J. H. Miller, R-2, Chambersburg, Pa.

HOLSTEINS

REG. HOLSTEIN BULL «

PAUL C. DRUMM. NIVERVILLE. NEW YORK

520

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

A Prayer For American Homemakers

Dear Lord, give us the strength and wisdom to carry on
In this time of unrest and ever changing ideals.

Grant us, we ask, the power to guide our loved ones in the
Paths of sane and careful thinking,

Swerving neither to right nor to left.

May the right to love and to hold our own homes ne’er be violated.

And to our children, may the same measure of freedom and liberty be
given as we their forebears have enjoyed
In this our own well loved America.

Adah Ayres Pilgrim

Early September Visits

After a very happy, restful week¬
end spent on an end-of-the-road
farm near Xairo, the little green car
and I went off on a two-day ramble
in Green, Schoharie, Delaware and
a bit of Orange Counties and as
you can imagine, in covering that
territory there wasn’t much time to
get off the highways and into the
byways. Incidentally the 85 acre
farm of our holiday stop was pur¬
chased last Spring by a young pro¬
fessional couple who intend to make
farming a paying business by bring¬
ing' up the land that has been lying
fallow for some eight years into
production again, plus a small dairy
and a poultry project. The garden
is already furnishing much of the
family food and the old orchards
will be thinned out and made pro¬
ductive with the woodlots furnish¬
ing all the fuel for heating and
cooking.

Up in Schoharie I stopped to see
Mrs. Marion Shalmandine, whom I
met very pleasantly last year and
whose hobby, as many of you know,
outside her profitable business of
raising dogs, is her button collection.
She has more than 6,000, all carded
most attractively as to kind and
color. Last year her house was just
“in the making” but now it is com¬
plete, with a much lived in air and
her electrical equipment and com¬
pletely modern kitchen made me
want to get busy in it right away.
It was particularly pleasant to find
her mother, Mrs. Fred Jones, from
nearby Jefferson there too for' she
is one of our “regulars.”

Then I went on a little way out¬
side of Schoharie to find Mrs. Lola
E. Becker on her hilltop with a
glorious view and we talked about
her two hobbies of crocheting and
dog raising. Being a devoted dbg
lover myself, it was hard to get away
from both these homes.

All the way down to Prattsville
and across to Delhi there were
splendid, well kept dairy farms with
good herds, mostly Guernseys it
seemed to me, though I saw some
Ayrshires and Holsteins. Haying
was practically over but corn cutting
was just beginning and the corn
looked to be of good quality and
growth.

Early Tuesday morning I stopped
at the general store and Post Office
in Hamden to ask how to reach Mrs.
Myrtle Hubbard and that pleasant
lady herself was right there. She
collects match folders and she has
almost enough to make a screen.
Perhaps we can show a picture of
it later.

Coming along through the mist
covered fields and hills I could
readily understand why the
towns through there had changed
back to “sun time,” on September
1st. Such early morning vistas are
lovely to look at but trying to the
farmer who has to wait for things
to dry out.

I missed two or three people on
my list who had moved but found
Mrs. Anna Hunter at Campbell Hall
and she was interested in hearing
about the Crochet Contest though
right now her crocheting has been
laid aside for canning. Three of
her four sturdy children had just
started in school so it was much
quieter around there I imagine than
it was during vacation.

When I got into Washingtonville
it was a question of whether to go
down through Monroe and say hello
again to Mrs. Janet Beach and her
interesting family whom I met on
the Jersey trip, or take the short
cut to the Bear Mountain Bridge. It
was getting late so I saved the six
miles or so, left my little green friend
in the garage at Katonah and took
the train into New York.

Incidentally, within a week I had
seen Eastern New York farms by
three different means of transporta¬
tion, by train to Syracuse, by plane
back to New York and as my own
“pilot.” c. b. w.

A Reader Says — I would like to
have a recipe for cornmeal dressing
as the southern people make it. I
have eaten chicken stuffed with it
and would like the recipe, first for
the cornbread made with the white
water ground cornmeal and then the
recipe for the dressing, mrs. w. j. r.

This Reducing Business

A few years ago, a friend of mine
was a delegate to the State Grange
meeting. On her return she said “I
never saw so many fat women to¬
gether at one time, in all my life.”

That, from a little wisp of a
woman, five feet one inch tall, who
carried her 190 pounds with the
grace of a sack of grain on a stone
truck.

Why are farm women badly over¬
weight? It’s not hard to figure out,
and when you see the reason it is
easy to prescribe the treatment.
Quite another thing to carry it out,
however.

During the heat of the Summer,
when it would be so pleasant to live
on salads and fruits, farm men need
their heartiest meals. They are cut¬
ting and shocking grain, threshing,
making hay, and hauling manure.
Many women help with haying, and
the meals that can be prepared in
the shortest time are so often the
most loaded with calories. After pre¬
paring a meal of fried ham, mashed
potatoes liberally soused with butter,
cream gravy, sweet corn, fresh
apple pie, with extras in the way of
spreads, pickles, and relishes, she is
so glad to get off her feet, she has
no interest in fixing up anything
special for herself.

The greatest pitfall is overtired¬
ness. It can’t always be avoided, but
with frequent rest periods of five
to ten minutes, it can sometimes be
held off a while.

My personal pitfalls are: Potluck
dinners at Grange or Aid; house-
guests from the city (who love fried
potatoes for breakfast on the farm) ;
Sunday dinners at the homes of
friends; threshing time.

My successful habits are: A good
breakfast; planning meals to avoid
any left-overs other than salad; five
small meals a day; eating slowly;
planning ahead to allow for any ex¬
pected meal away from home; al¬
ways, in case of company, serving
some dish of which I can eat my
fill; small rewards of cosmetics or
clothing.

My standbys: Stringbeans, cabbage
slaw, zweiback sticks, fruit or vege¬
table gelatin, carrot sticks, hard
candy, skimmilk, summer squash,
tomatoes, asparagus, peaches, sauer¬
kraut, hot cereals.

The following menus can be fitted
into family meals without being too

obvious, and country style of service
means that a dish can be passed by
without comment. A piece of hard
candy tucked in one cheek will carry
you over that difficult hour before a
meal.

About 1,200 calories a day.

6:30 A. M. — Poached egg, one slice
toast, one teaspoon butter, coffee.

9:30 A. M. — One-half cup fruited
gelatin, one cup coffee, one-half slice
toast.

12:00 Noon. — One hard boiled egg,
one teaspoon butter, one serving
cabbage slaw, one-half cup stewed
tomatoes, two pieces hard candy.

3:30 P. M. — One-half slice toast,
handful of carrot sticks, one cup
milk.

6:00 P. M. — Cream of tomato soup
(made of one cup tomatoes, one cup
milk), one-half slice toast, poached
or boiled egg. mrs. r. a.

Ohio

Those Lunch Boxes

A Packed Lunch is a Meal — With
Meat! — The “little man” on his way
to school — and the big man, who
brings home the bacon — vote alike
for bacon on their bread and for
sliced meat sandwiches, made from
the left-over pork, beef or roast of
'lamb. Make easily-packed sand¬
wiches of meat and you can rest
assured that you’re packing nutrition
as well as good-taste into the
lunch-kit.

Bacon and Chopped Celery Sand¬
wich — Three slices cooked bacon,
crumbled, one-half cup finely diced
celery, one-eighth teaspoon salt, one
tablespoon mayonnaise or salad
dressing.

^Combine crisp, crumbled bacon
and finely diced celery; add a dash
of salt and moisten with mayonnaise.
Spread between slices of whole
wheat or white bread. Makes enough
filling for two sandwiches.

Other Meat Sandwich Suggestions.
— Mix chopped left-over veal, beef
or lamb with minced celery, onion
arid mayonnaise. Combine crisp
crumbled bacon with peanut butter.
Grind left-over cooked liver with
cooked bacon, moisten with salad
dressing. Combine ground left-over
cooked lamb with chopped fresh
mint, moisten with salad dressing.
Grind baked ham, combine with
celery or green pepper.

Let’s Use More Apples

Because today we have become
more “food conscious” and are high¬
ly interested in comparative food
values, it is interesting to know that
the apple supplies an easily digested
form of sugar, and valuable minerals,
including calcium, phosphorous and
iron. In addition, it affords a plenti¬
ful amount of roughage, so lacking
in many diets and is an excellent
source of two vitamins, B and C,
essential to health and growth. As
vitamin C is the one easily destroyed
by heat, raw apples have a special
food value, and the chewing re¬
quired in eating them is an aid in
keeping teeth and gums in good con¬
dition. Served with rich meats, the
acidity of this fruit tends to over¬
come sluggishness of digestion
caused by fat.

Apple Cheese. — Boil large green’
baking apples in water until the skin
begins to crack. Drain off water, and
when apples are cool enough to
handle, remove skins and run fruit
through a sieve to remove cores.
Weigh pulp and sprinkle over it an
equal weight of sugar. Then to each
two pounds of pulp-sugar mixture
allow a small cup of lemon water,
using the juice of one lemon in each
cup. Pour over pulp. Let stand over¬
night. Next day cook until mixture
becomes quite clear and firm, stirring
frequently to prevent scorching.
When nearly cold, press into Jelly
glasses. A few cloves or other de¬
sirable spices may be tied in a thin
bag while pulp is being cooked.

Butterscotch Apples. — Six apples,
3A cup brown sugar, iy2 cups water,
IV2 tablespoons flour, % cup milk, 1
tablespoon butter and y2 teaspoon
vanilla. Pare and quarter apples.
Make syrup of sugar and water and
when it comes to a boil, add apple
sections and cook slowly until tender.
Remove from syrup. Make paste of
flour and milk. Gradually add syrup
and cook slowly until thick, stirring
frequently. Add butter and vanilla
and pour over apples.

Apple Cider Salad. — Soften two
tablespoons unflavored gelatin in V2
cup cider. Heat 2 cups cider to boil¬
ing point, pour into gelatin, stir
until dissolved, strain and chill.
When mixture begins to set, stir in
1 cup chopped apples, y2 cup finely
chopped celery, 14 teaspoon salt, 1
tablespoon finely chopped parsley or
green pepper and % cup chopped
nuts. Chill. Serve with French or
mayonnaise dressing and toasted
cheese crackers.

Quick Apple Relish. — Put 2 apples,
2 dill pickles and 1 small onion
through food chopper, using me¬
dium knife. Add a few grains of
salt and moisten with vinegar.

Sausage With Apple Rings. —
Twelve pork sausage links, % cup
maple syrup, and 6 slices unpeeled
apples. Core apples and cut in slices.
Arrange sausages and apples alter¬
nately in broiling pan. Pour syrup
over apples. Place under broiler at
350 degrees Fahrenheit, for 10
minutes; turn sausages and broil 5
minutes longer.

Beefburger Tart. — Brown 1 pound
ground beef in 1 tablespoon butter.
Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Pare and slice 5 apples. Arrange alter¬
nate layers of meat and apples in a
buttered baking dish. Bake in mod¬
erate oven, 375 degrees Fahrenheit,
until apples are tender.

Honeyed Ham. — Place slice of ham
in baking dish. Sprinkle generously
with brown sugar, cover with apples
cored and halved horizontally. Add
V4 cup honey and 1/4 cup hot water.
Cover. Bake in slow oven, 300 de¬
grees Fahrenheit, 1 hour.

Scalloped Apples and Cabbage. —
One quart tart sliced apples, 2 quarts
shredded cabbage, 2 teaspoons salt,
1 teaspoon sugar, 4 tablespoons fat,
1 cup buttered bread crumbs. In
greased baking dish place alternate
layers of apples and cabbage, sea¬
soning each with salt and fat
Sprinkle sugar on apples. Top with
buttered crumbs. Cover. Bake iri
moderate oven, until cabbage and
apples are tender. Toward last re¬
move cover so crumbs can brown.

MRS. Z. N.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

521

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MANY USES FOR FARM & HOME
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REMOVES
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If not at dealer’s, write for FREE SAMPLE.
THE SKAT COMPANY, HARTFORD. CONN.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you ’ll get
a Quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“My hobby is collecting souvenirs
in china or glass with scenery of
buildings, streets or parks, etc., with
names of the places where they are
from. Will exchange pottery, fancy
work and dishes for the souvenirs.”

Ohio MRS. f. w.

“I would like to correspond with
fans of singing cowboys broadcasting
from New York, especially Zeke
Manners and Elton Britt; also collect¬
ors of cowboy songs and fans of
this kind of music. I have infor¬
mation, opinions and songs to ex¬
change.” miss c. w.

Connecticut

“I have some crocheted holder
and table cloth patterns that I would
like to exchange.” MRS. J. c. E.
Massachusetts

“I would appreciate any pieces of
wool yarn for afghans in exchange
for sea shells.” mrs. c. p.

Rhode Island

“I would like to exchange my
pattern of an afghan quilt made
from old jar rings and wool. I will
send sample to any one sending me
some black wool yarn, not zephyr.”

New York mrs. s. m.

Minute Saving Mixes

I’ve saved precious minutes pre¬
paring harvest and emergency meals
by making my own “mixes” in lei¬
sure time. Using farm rendered lard
and other products purchased in
large quantities makes the homemade
mixes more practical for average
farmer folks than the commercial
sort sold in stores.

It takes only a few minutes to make
up a juicy fruit pie when we use
our pie crust mix. We sift 8 cups
flour with iy2 tablespoons salt, cut
in 3V2 cups lard with 2 knives or a
pastry blender. Store in a covered
container in a cool place. To make
an average 2 crust, 9 inch pie, take

2 cups of the mix, sprinkle on just
enough very cold water to moisten
so it can be formed in a ball to roll.
In preparing the mix, we cut in the
lard until particles are size of large
peas, as we enjoy a very flaky
pastry, but for crumbly crust con¬
tinue cutting until mixture is like
cornmeal.

We mix 2 tablespoons quick cook¬
ing tapioca, V3 teaspoon salt to a cup
of sugar, store in a jar and use to
sweeten and thicken juicy fruit pies,
again saving mixing and measuring
minutes. Of course, a quantity of
the mixture is made up at once.

Shortcake crusts, vegetable and
meat pie toppings are whisked up in
a jiffy using our biscuit mix made
as follows. Sift 10 cups flour with

3 teaspoons salt and 12 teaspoons
baking powder. To make a dozen 2
inch biscuits cut 4 tablespoons lard
into 2 cups of the mix until particles
are size of beans, mix in % cup milk
lightly to form a soft dough, pat out
V2 inch in thickness, cut in rounds
and bake 12 to 15 minutes in hot
oven, 425 degrees Fahrenheit.

I measure and sift together 2 cups
flour, 21/2 teaspoons baking powder,
V2 teaspoon salt and 1 cup sugar. I
store this in a jar and label “every¬
day cake.” When I need a cake in
a hurry I beat 2 eggs until light in
a bowl, add % cup milk and % cup
melted shortening, add the prepared
mixture and beat well. This yields
a fluffy moist cake, nice with fruit
and can be baked as cup cakes,
layers or loaf. I vary flavoring using
sometimes 1 teaspoon vanilla or
vanilla and lemon mixed.

Mayonnaise and fickle jars are
ideal for storing these cake mixes.
Label carefully and if there are
young daughters who like to help, I
suggest you list on the label the moist
ingredients needed to complete the
cake.

I’m sure The Rural New-Yorker
friends will enjoy this method, using
their own favorite cake recipes.
There are seemingly endless possi¬
bilities in this form of “kitchen pre¬
paredness.” It saves getting the
sifter out each time and the minutes
spent measuring can be enjoyed out¬
doors. We always sift onto a square
of waxed paper, and pour directly
from the paper into the labeled jars.

We have the dry ingredients all
measured, sifted and carefully stored
for our favorite corn bread, quick
wholewheat bread and several va¬
rieties of muffins. h. r.

color , ap
ity.) Ad
tsps. do
2 tsps.
cloves;
ening; ;
3. Add
eggs; 1
ture; n
nately
(25 9o)
well a
(Note
Best 1

• Make your family happy, modernize your
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Use Enriched Pillsbury’s Best

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Try this Sour Cream Spice

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add 1 c. sugor gradi > ell beaten

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beat until Tight. A dients alter-

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522

Tht RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Farm Woman on New
Jersey Milk Control

[As reprinted from the High Bridge,
( N . J .) Gazette .]

The following letter was written
at the request of the State Agricul¬
tural Department for their magazine,
asking that I give my experience
with the Milk Control Board of
New Jersey.

This I gladly did, submitting it
to the editor. In reply I was asked
that they be allowed to print extracts,
as part of the article might not be
agreeable to seme of the readers. I
asked for the return of the story.
Here it is —

State Agricultural Dept.

My Dear Sirs:

Your request that a New Jersey
woman farmer tell of experiences
with the Milk Control Board has
been received, I am happy to grant
this request.

The details of a struggle to re¬
habilitate a farm, since that fateful,
and to my way of thinking, awful
year 1932, would be wearisome to
your readers. I had then the “Blue
Eagle,” meaning the NRA, the milk
was white, the accounts in the red.

My first luck was to find an
honest, experienced, old fashioned
farmer, taking on the problem of
production, while I undertook sell¬
ing, repairs and bookkeeping — also
fighting.

I was advised by one of the Tren¬
ton experts that first, no woman
could manage a farm, successfully,
that no man or woman could get a
proper return unless a Grade A herd
could be achieved.

Disregarding the first part of his
expert (?) opinion, I turned my
thought and effort toward achieving
the second. By study, labor and in¬
vestment — most difficult to achieve,
this goal was reached.

Four per cent butter fat or higher
was required in spite of a lower
rating of 3 Vs per cent allowed in
State requirements.

The milk had been cooled formerly
in running spring water, to which
ice was added in Summer. Then a
rule, apparently incident to Grade
A perfection, made it a necessity
to purchase by long and painful
monthly payments a refrigerator in
order that the milk arrive at the
distributing plant, frosted like a
mint julip.

We were told that we would be
paid for our normal production. We
innocently thought that “normal”
meant what it said and hoped for
the desired Grade A price on our
product. We were told “You must
send us all your milk, or we cannot
buy any of it.” Yet, we received
the top price on only 73 per cent of
our production. Besides, at the will
of the distributor, a large part of
Grade A was diverted and still is
being diverted to Grade B. We call
that “abnormal” not “normal.”

With their milk-blighting effect
on our check we found a statement,
with perhaps not a “Fifth Column”
significance, but a second and third
column depressing work down which
called the clean high grade milk
“Excess,” and “Excess separated,”
and this applied at one time to 27
per cent of what the trusting farmer
sent to the trust distributor. This
latter agency did so well that hand¬

some road stands sprang up to sell
the by-products, cream, chocolate
milk, and cottage cheese, and ice
cream made from the expensively
refrigerated, cleanly produced, four
per cent Grade A milk.

The spider distributor invited the
fly, disguised as a farmer, into a web
where he saw one-fourth or over,
of his State advised, high-grade,
cream covered milk, in the third
column proclaimed as worth $1.32
a hundred weight — not counting the
can. This means 47 quarts.

Intelligent readers can do their
arithmetic themselves, less than
three cents a quart. If you have paid
from 13V2, 15 or 18 cents a quart
for this milk, bottled, on your door¬
step or at your kitchen door, see
what share of the consumers’ money
went to the man not allowed by
State regulations to add a penny to
his wholesale price of a quart of
milk, no matter what the variation
in the price of feed.

My experience with the Milk Con¬
trol Board, the story of which has
been asked for by your excellent
magazine, can be largely contained in
that phrase as old as our Constitu¬
tion, “Taxation without Represen¬
tation.” When I received notice of
a Milk Dealers’ dinner where the
dealers were told to “Bring all your
producers,” I felt the farmers’
halter tighten.

After seeing a film to advertise
milk, for which we help to pay, I
told the company “I would gladly
make the Raritan River run white
with milk, call a farmers’ strike, and
make the Boston tea party look like
30 cents.” I was later asked (I
must say very politely) “Not again
to speak so much, for your own
good.”

It is hard for the farmer to lobby,
he has to milk the cows, and plant
the corn and whitewash the side
wall the Inspector spied out on his
last visit. There is no lack of agree¬
ment that the farmer’s return is not
right, from the Phi Beta Kappa pro¬
fessors to the grand Swedish farmer,
my neighbor, whose wife goes out
with him at four a. m. to milk — I
asked her if they had a fluid steriliz¬
er for the cow’s bags. She said with
scorn in her voice, “Indeed we do
not, we wash the bags with clean
warm water, and we dry them or
strip a little milk, and our hands are
clean. Down at Trenton they tell
you too much, and give you too
little.”

If I had even half the retail price
of a quart of milk we would not
dread the slow, cold, deadening grip
of Federal control which will also
“tell you too much, and give you
too little.”

Mrs. Knox (Lucy J.) Taylor

Clinton, N. J.

Live Stock Sales

Sept. 20. — Walter Kerr Dispersal
Guernsey Sale, Spring House, Pa.,
Pate Sales Co., Kennett Square, Sales
Manager.

Sept. 23. — Vermont Jersey Con¬
signment Sale, Hartland Fairgrounds.

Sept. 29. — Dutchess County Aber-
deen-Angus Sale, Briarcliff Farms,
Pine Plains, N. Y., Myron M. Fuerst,
Sales Manager, Pine Plains, N. Y.

Gayhead’s Her Legacy, top Guernsey heifer at latest sales, purchased
for $2,800 at the Sixteenth Annual Coventry Sale by William Niedner,
Hillsboro, N. H. She was consigned to the sale by George M. White, Gay-
head Guernsey Farms, Coxsackie, New York.

New York Crop Report

Data on the 1941-42 fruit crop
show that in producing areas like
Western New York, there will be a
three to five per cent increase.

The effect of these increased
supplies on fruit prices in general
probably will be more than offset by
increased consumer demand for
fruits and fruit products, and by
government price-supporting pro¬
grams. As of August 1, it was esti¬
mated that the commercial apple
crop this year will total 125.6 million
bushels, compared with 114.4 million
last year. Indications are that the
greatest increases in production over
last year are in the Summer and
Fall varieties. Prices of Summer
varieties are currently running below
comparable prices of a year earlier.
For the 1941-42 season as a whole,
it is considered probable that the
price effects of these increased
supplies over last year will be more
than offset by increased consumer
purchasing power.

The State’s bean crop may run
as high as 90 per cent of normal this
year. Despite the extreme drouth
which has dropped yields per acre
as low as 75 per cent, increased
acreage will boost the total yield to
the near average figure. The report
is that there need be little fear of
a shortage on the market as acreage
in Michigan and California has been
so increased to more than offset any
shortage caused by a decreased New
York yield. Twbnty-five per cent of
New York shipments in the last three
months have been to the govern¬
ment for Army cantonments and for
shipment to England under the
lease-lend program, and for the first
time in four years, there has been
no carry over of the previous year’s
crop.

Reports show that while beans will
yield only 50 per cent normal per
acre, acreage is up 20 per cent. Red
kidney beans will yield only 60 per
cent per acre, but acreage is up 25
per cent. p. b. o.

How SISALKRAFT

CoverCorn Crib*

UnoHtn House*

Portable Silo*

Saves You Money

Cover Toot tend
Machinery

Look ot these ways to use
this tough, waterproof paperl
It's handy as canvas, and
lots cheaper. Use it for cov¬
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it when you build or re¬
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The SISALKRAFT Co.

205F W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, III.

<Ihe FARMERS
SHOP BOOK

By Louis

0 A revised gruide to
teach farm hoys to
do ordinary construc¬
tion and repair work,
and to help farmers
maintain up to date
tools and equipment.

0 This hook contains
illustrations and chap¬
ters on grinding and
fitting farm carpentry
and woodwork tools.
Painting, repairing and
reflnishing furniture,
soldering, etc.

# A 422 page cloth
bound book.

M. Roehl

Price $2.48

5c Sales Tax for New York City Residents.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W 30th Street - New York City

FOR a number of years, Loren Clark,
Penneville, N. Y., had been getting an
average of around 9,000 lbs. of milk per cow
from his good Holsteins. He felt they were
bred to do better than that so decided to try
the Purina Program. Look at his results!

April to April • Lbs. Per Cow • Increase Per Cow
’37-’38 8,950 -10

STARTED PURINA PROGRAM

’38-’39 10,885 +1,935

’39-’40 11,652 + 767

’40-’4l 11,307 - 345

2,000 EXTRA POUNDS

In other words, he got roughly 2,000 extra pounds per
cow in the first year on the Program. This was worth
$40 per cow! His only extra cost was $4 or $5 per cow
for the slight additional cost of Purina over the feed he
had been using. So he stepped up his profit over feed
cost by $35 per cow by going on the Purina Program.

Why don’t you see your Purina dealer, or write
for free literature explaining the Purina Program for
high production?

Here is the Purina Feeding Program

CALVES... Feed PURINA CALF STARTENA
instead of milk. Saves money. Raises big calves.
Then grow heifers on D. & F. CHOW.

DRY COWS... Feed PURINA D.&F. CHOW
for reduced calving troubles and higher pro¬
duction after calving.

MILKERS... Feed PURINA COW CHOW for
lots^of milk and long milking life;

WRITE FOR LITERATURE ON THE

PURINA PROGRAM

PURINA MILLS, Buffalo, N. Y., St.- Johnsbury, Vt., Wilmington, Del.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

523

NATIONAL DEFENSE CALLS FOR

EGGS .... MEAT

HUBBARD’S New Hampshires

<fiue ycru

both!

Fill your brooder house this fall with"
Hubbard’s New Hampshires direct from
the breeding source. You will get chicks
that live, grow rapidly and mature early.
Pullets become excellent producers. Cock¬
erels develop into heavy meated, solid
broilers. Try a flock. Be con¬
vinced ! Weekly hatches. Send
today for FREE catalog.

Hubbard Farms

Box 1 2 WALPOLE, N. H.

SEPTEMBER 14-21

Visit Our Booth in New Hampshire
Building When You Visit
THE EASTERN STATES EXPOSITION

mlimm

-jM M iegliorns-Keds-Rocks-VVyandottes |Y 1)
■A -A New Hampshires- llallcross ((Wired) Chicks :::

“WELL BRED/'^WELL BREEDERS”

We have the facts —

Hall Bros. Hatchery, Inc. wamngiord, conn.

WARREN’S
CHAMPION REDS

are the world’s sterling duality for nrfoUhAvYest
breeding and production flocks for heaviest
’year-round production and highest p y

Rhode^' Island Reds - Rock- Red Cross (Barred)

All U. S.- Massachusetts Pullorum Clean

Tested yearly since 1929, without a reactor.

And every Warren Chick you buy has the same
breeding that has created all Warren Cham¬
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that have made the strain nationally famous.
Hatches now and throughout the winter.

Write today for Circular and Price List v

Put Champion lllood into your flock— NOW J^ociAiSTf
J . J. WARREN I « I

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass. J wutrw0

s BREEDERS ,

'Bonded Against B.W.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15.000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

WHITE ROCK

PLYMOUTH ft V IX
t Baby Chicks $12-100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN’S
BOCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

ANDREW

Christie’s NEW HAMPSHIRES

Sui'fot SPIZZERINKTUM

FOR AUTUMN BROILERS AND
LATE WINTER & SPRING LAYERS

Christie’s world-famous SPIZZER¬
INKTUM New Hampshires and
^Chris-Cross BARRED Hybrids grow
fast, feather completely, in all weathers
and all climates. Hutches every week in
the year, from 40,000 State Pullorum
Tested Breeders — NO Reactors.
CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

BMJMmmi CHICKS

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $8.00 per 100;
Heavy Mixed $7.00-100. All breeders Blood-Tested.
CIRCULAR FREE. 100'% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 <Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
I nnnnrn nnnilP (>ood layers, broilers!

BfiRRcD RDCHS Also sexed p^ts. COck-

| UllllllLU llUblliJ erels. Folder, Chamber¬
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Hanson Strain Leghorns

From 2 to 4 year old hen breeders. For fall del. Write
for Catalog and Prices. C. M. SHELLENBERGER’S
POULTRY FARM, Box 34, RICHFIELD, PENNA.

Annual House Cleaning

MOTTO: Clean poultry houses
thoroughly, as though you were to
live in them and that will mean —
clean chicken houses.

Cleaning Routine

First the job is to remove all loose
litter and droppings so that the pen
is mechanically clean. Next, all
equipment is taken outdoors where
it can be washed and scrubbed with
a brush, scraper and running water.
Roosts as well as other equipment
are taken outdoors and thoroughly
scrubbed and washed clean. We
then proceed to hose-down the in¬
side of the house including the ceil¬
ing and all cracks and crevices. The
floor is also thoroughly scraped and
scrubbed and washed clean.

We have a big portable disinfect¬
ing vat that comes handy at the
annual house cleaning time. Hoppers
and such equipment as will go in
it are soaked to remove dirt, and
scrubbed and scraped clean. We
have found it very helpful to have
the droppings platforms, as well as
roosts and nests, all removable for
easy cleaning. This also applies to
droppings pits. In multi-story houses,
it may be necessary to clean all
equipment in the pen, but this
should not change the— procedure or
the thoroughness of the job.

Disinfection

When the pen and all equipment
are thoroughly cleaned and dry, we
are ready for disinfection. Permit
pens to dry first or your disinfectant
may be so diluted that it will be
of little value. The roosts, droppings
platforms, and pits are properly
treated with a lasting mite controll¬
ing disinfectant. This applies also
to the nest supports and the nest
rails, and to those parts of the nests
where mites accumulate. Hoppers,
waterers and other miscellaneous
equipment can be sprayed with a
good disinfectant, or soaked in one
in the tank or vat, if one is available.

The pen itself is now ready to
be soaked with a good disinfectant.
This applies to ceiling, side walls
and floor. Use a good reliable disin¬
fectant at the strength recommended
by the manufacturer, and do not be
afraid of getting the pen well soaked
down with it. There are over 50
disinfectants that are approved by
the Bureau of Animal Industry, and
any of these would be satisfactory.

Replace Equipment

We are now ready to put the pen
in working order for the new pullets.
Replace the droppings platforms,
roost, nests, waterers and feeders^ see¬
ing they are all in good serviceable
condition. If we have been through
any serious disease troubles, it may
be well to let the pens stand idle
for two or three weeks. If trouble
from bronchitis has been experi¬
enced, it will help to thoroughly
soak the pen down from top to
bottom and let it stand idle for a
few weeks, wetting down the pen
at weekly intervals. This procedure,
coupled with a break between the
old and young birds can be used
to eliminate bronchitis. (This does
not apply to tracheitis or coryza.)

Litter Up

We are now ready to install litter
on the floor and to place nesting
material in the nests. Later when
we are ready to house this year’s
crop of pullets, all we have to do
is fill the hoppers and waterers and
we are" all ready for business.

Thorough cleaning of houses may
seem a tiresome chore to spme, but
remember that the pullets deserve
a clean, dry, sanitary place to live.
They will certainly reward your
effort and care. T. B. Charles

Probable Blackhead

What is the cause of three months
old turkeys having liver trouble? I
find the liver has white spots.

New York a. f. s.

Spottd livers in turkeys usually
are a sure symptom of blackhead.
Typical liver lesions are roundish,
sunken, ulcer-like areas of yellowish
or salmon color over the surface. The
caeca are usually affected, and are
enlarged, inflamed, and filled with a
cheesy, core-like mass.

To control blackhead, follow a
rigid sanitary program. First, dis¬
pose of all sick birds; second, clean
the houses thoroughly; third, if possi¬
ble, confine birds to houses for a few
days; fourth, move all birds to fresh
clean land. In blackhead, prevention
is better than cure, and a rigid sani¬
tary program will give results. T. b. c.

BOOST your PRODUCTION

With the current egg-feed ratio the most favor¬
able in years, and with Uncle Sam demanding
more and more eggs — plan now for a year of pro¬
duction and profit! This year more than ever,
you’ll profit by feeding the TI-O-GA feeds that
have boosted egg quality and quantity for a
whole generation of poultrymen. EGATINE
(22%) to make high producing birds produce
their quota and more! Or TASTY laying food
(20%) . . . especially palatable and designed to
make reluctant feeders really go to work.

C D E C Join the hundteds
r " of Poultrymen who

are planning a program now.
Write for free Poultry Manual.

TIOGA MILLS INC., P-941, S. Broad St., Waverly.N.Y,

CONTAINS

PHENOTHIAZINE

NEW

MIRACLE" W0RMER

DISCOVERED
95% to 100%
EFFECTIVE AGAINST
CECUM WORMS by the
WASH. EXP R. STATION

# Though hordes of
tiny, poisonous
cecum worms set the
cecal walls aflame
with irritation caus¬
ing diarrhea and low
disease resistance, . . .
still Pratts " Split-
Action ” Capsules
can help turn your
wormy birds into
layers.

Now Pratts "Split- Action” Capsules are better
than ever. Now they contain the new "miracle
wormer”, — Phenothiazine, — discovered 95% to
100% effective against cecum worms.

Cecum worms infest nearly every flock. They
carry blackhead germs. In one day, one infested
hen may pass 20,000,000 to 40,000,000 such killers.

Why run this risk, when Pratts "Split- Action"
Capsules now get cecum worms, too, ... at no
increase in cost?

Each "Split-Action" Capsule treats several
types of worms. Their patented "Split- Action"
guarantees two separate treatments will be given
each bird — hours apart, ... by one capsule, . . .
at one low cost. See your dealer. If be cannot
supply, order direct.

Check size and quantity desired, include check or
money order, and mail to

Pratt Food Co., Dept. 267

Birds over 18 weeks old »
Use Adult Size
50 Capsules. . • .Q $0.85
100 Capsules. . . . Q 1.50
*500 Capsules. . . .Q 5.50
lOOO Capsules. . . .Q 10.00

Philadelphia, Pa.

Birds 10 to 18 weeks
old Use Chick and
Pullet Size

□ $0.55

□ 1.00

□ 3.75

□ 6.50

y&filiiQctum

* 0A T P MTCn

PATENTED

CAPSULES

'/ -••V OF QUALITY-CASH 0RC.0.D

maarueam BLoomm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns, Special. . .$7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R. MeALlSTERV I LLE, PA.

PULLETS-PULLETS

10,000 Hanson Strain White Leghorns. April
and May hatched pullets. Raised on free farm
range. Healthy vigorous pullets at moderate
prices. Send for circular and complete price list.

BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM

E. C. Brown. Prop., Box R. Sergeantsville, N. J.

• MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Rocks and New
Hampshires, $8.00-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN. R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

PULLETS-HENS

Hanson’s World Record and
Tom Barron Breeding-354
Egg-Sired stock. Range grown. Only Michigan Breeder
with new Eamesway Culling Method. Inspection privi¬
lege, 100% live arrival. Warning-Reserve Now "AAA A”
mating 40c up. Catalog Free. LEMMEN LEGHORN
FARM, Box 304J, HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE, Rt. 2. Telford. Pa.

Wen e iff Chicks

BROILERS — ROASTE R S — EGGS

U J "• East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity
Hatches "Every 1,800,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week ’ Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and BARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept J -3, VINELAND. M. J.

hillside hatchery

- THE OLD RELIABLE PLANT -

We hatch all the Leading Breeds for
Broilers and egg production. WRITE
TO-DAY for prices and catalog giving
full details of our Flocks. All Breeders

Bloodtested. T. J. EHRENZELLER,
Box r, McAlister vi lle, penna.

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc, quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Box 66, Chestertown, Md.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON. (R) MARCELLUS. NEW YORK

Leghorn Pullets i^enalth0yn «?»“£

range. From blood tested stock. Vaccinated Some now
laying. A. H. PENNY, MATTITUCK, NEW YORK

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

Millions of people
have read and en¬
joyed this- capti¬
vating volume on
fundamental eco¬
nomics. It has been
translated into near¬
ly every civilized
language. It makes
economics under¬
standable, vitalizes
what was known
as the “dismal sci¬
ence.” It provides
the answer for the
age-old problem of
poverty amidst
plenty; it shows
how democracy alone can provide the

abundant life; it is the answer to all

forms of collectivism.

HOME STUDY COURSE
in Fundamental Economics
To promote a more complete under¬

standing of fundamental economics, each
purchaser of "Progress and Poverty”
will be entitled to a home study
course on this subject. Ten easy lessons,
each covering a reading assignment in
the book. Your answers are corrected
and commented upon by trained men.
There is no extra charge for this course.
Friends of the Henry George School of
Social Science make is possible because
they believe that the wide dissemination
of a knowledge of economics will make
for a happier people.

Send For This Book Today

This 571 page book, beautifully printed,
cloth bound, will be sent to you post¬
paid, for only One Dollar. By the same
mail you will receive your first lesson
paper of the Correspondence Course.
When you have finished the ten lessons
you will be surprised at the wider
understanding this study has brought
to you. MAIL ORDER TO —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

524

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements ot Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 527.

Help Wanted

COUPLE: Long Island. Handyman, gardener.

One cow, chickens, station driving.
Woman cook, houseworker. Separate living
quarters. Excellent working conditions.
State experience and salary wanted. AD¬
VERTISER 2408, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARMHAND, SMALL dairy and poultry
farm. Steady job, good home. Write giv¬
ing details. HARRY DENSTEN, R. D. 1,
Lansdale, Pa.

WANTED — Man for general farm work. Re¬
liable, sober. MRS. E. C. BAYER,
Callicoon, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN wanted on dairy farm, good
milker, familiar with general farmwork.
References essential. $50 monthly- and
board. PENNINGTON DAIRY FARMS INC.,
Pennington, N. J. * -

RELIABLE SINGLE man for fruit and
gener farming. Good home; $35. Give
referent, experience. BROOKVIEW OR¬
CHARDS, R. No. I, Princeton, N. J.

MAN WANTED to work on small general
farm. Must milk. $25 monthly year round.
Very good home, possibility of advance.
Send references first letter. ROBERT
NEARING, Clinton Corners, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced single man to
operate pasteurizer and general dairy
work. No outside work. No liquor. $55
month, room and board. P. O. BOX 44,
Huntington, L. I.

WANTED — Single man for barn work,
DeLaval milkers. No outside work. No
liquor. $55 month, room and board. P. O.
BOX 21, Commack, L. I.

WANTED — Experienced single man, for re¬
tail milk route. Must be able to canvass.
$60 monthly, room and board. Comrpission
for new business. ADVERTISER 2411, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER — Clean, healthy girl, pleas¬
ant with children. $20 month. Write par¬
ticulars. TOBIAS, 1168 Forest Ave., New
York City.

WANTED — Young man, good worker, handy,
industrious and sober for work on fur
farm. $40 month, room, board and laundry.
Write BOX 42, Jefferson Valley, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced poultryman. able,
willing, no family, liquor or tobacco; age
40-50. $50 monthly with room and board.
E. GABLER, Simonsville, Vt.

HERDSMAN WANTED for modern dairy
farm, Mercer County, New Jersey. 50 cows.
Good hand and machine milker. Must be
sober, reliable. Good salary. Modern house
and privileges. Write PENNINGTON DAIRY
FARMS INC., Pennington, N. J. Phone 124.

HANDY MAN for country place; good per¬
manent home and fair wages for neat,
reliable, industrious man. ADVERTISER
2414, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A live young man of good
habits, that is faithful and trusty, that
saves his money, that is interested in regis¬
tered Holstein-Friesian cows, for general
farming. Will pay good wages. ADVER¬
TISER 2416, care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE BOY or young man on dairy
farm. State wages wanted with board and
room. Permanent position if qualified.
KARL FREIMAN, North Windham, Conn.

POULTRYMAN WANTED, sincere and
trustworthy; to start chicken farm for
eggs in Northern New Jersey on share basis.
ADVERTISER 2417, care Rural New-Ymrker.

RELIABLE GIRL, age 18-30, who wishes
good home, to assist with housework in
small family. Write stating age, qualifica¬
tions and references. Will pay wages
commensurate with abilities and references.
Adequate time off. MRS. EDWIN M.
HUTCHINS, 1366 Myron St., Schenectady,
N. Y. Phone 4-0078.

WOMAN FOR general housework and plain
cooking. Small country home. Two young
girls. Must be neat and reliable. References.
K. R. SCHAAL, Red Oak Lane, White
Plains, N. Y.

COUPLE — Family of two adults and one
dog, six miles from small city in Fair-
field County Connecticut. Require trust¬
worthy couple for plain cooking, general
housework, handyman, occasional station
driving, small garden. Living quarters, at¬
tractive two rooms and bath on ground
floor. Protestant preferred. References re¬
quired. Please state ages, experience,
nationality and wages expected. ADVER¬
TISER 2421, care Rural New-Yorker.

COOK — First floor. References. Country,
near Morristown, N. J. $60-$70 month.
ADVERTISER 2422, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED, thoroughly experienced
poultry man needed to take charge of a
modern chicken plant. Wife must be a good
housekeeper and cook. Steady position for
right couple. Please state past experience,
age, references required. Reply to ADVER¬
TISER 2423, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — ■ Handyman on poultry farm.

References. LIPORY’S DUCK HATCHERY,
Route 1, New Brunswick, N. J.

WANTED — Good, all around farm worker
and milker. Single. $60. maintenance.
ADVERTISER 2424, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good, all around farm worker
and milker. Single. State wages expected.
ADVERTISER 2425, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED- — Single, trustworthy, sober man
for small poultry farm. Must have
chauffeurs license and references. CARL
MOLLNOW, R. D. 2, Schaghticoke, N. Y.

WANTED — Girl or woman to care for home-
business-couple, three school children;
good home. $20 month, own room, POWELL,
433 4th Ave., Westwood, N. J.

MARRIED MAN to work on dairy farm.

Must be good hand milker, willing work¬
er, honest, neat, no liquor. $60 monthly,
house, fuel, milk. BYRON C. STRATTON,
Granby, Conn.

WANTED — Young married couple to work |
on modern poulrty farm. Man must have J
drivers’ license. Wife to work part time!
grading eggs. Fine apartment, bath, heat
and light furnished. TOWER POULTRY
FARM, South Langhorne, Pa.

HOUSEWORKER, WHITE, no cooking; own
room, good home. A. SPIEGLER, 2116
Avenue J, Brooklyn, N. Y.

SINGLE MAN exempt from draft or strong
boy, honest, capable, industrious, good
milker. Start at $25-$30 monthly, good in¬
crease if qualified year round. Smaller dairy
farm in Connecticut. Send snapshot and full
details. ADVERTISER 2428, care Rural New-
Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, $35-$40; must
like children. Own room. References.
WINTERS, Ashland Road, Summit, N. J.

ALL AROUND farmer, run 70 acres. Ex¬
perienced Guernseys. Good salary, house,
modern conveniences, concessions; New
Jersey; 55 miles from New York. ADVER¬
TISER 2431, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Scarsdale, N. Y., capable girl
for general housework and cooking; small
house; two children. Salary $50 per month.
References required. Write KING, 113
Lee Road.

WANTED — Farm hand on general farm.

Middleaged; ^ no liquor. Reasonable wages,
good board. MRS.: WM.. MAAS. R. F. D.
No. 1, Wrightstown, N. J

COUPLE WANTED, man good milker, wife
for housework, no cooking; nice 3 rooms,
bathroom, steam heat, electricity. Good
wages, permanent position. State wages in
first letter. PEACE DAIRY FARM, Lebanon,
New Jersey.

WANTED— Hand for fur farm. $40 a month,
room and board. Write, MONTFERN FUR
FARM, Inc., Viaduct St., Sharon, Mass.

WANTED— Middleaged houseworker. Con¬
genial home, small adult family. Modern
conveniences, own bedroom adjoining bath¬
room. $25 monthly. MATTISON, 118 Union
St., Montclair, N. J.

YOUNG GIRL for housework, doctor’s
home. Must be refined and neat. MRS.
W. A. MALONEY, 420 81st St., Brooklyn,
New York.

WANTED — Farm family with stock to rent
100 acre farm. Equipped for poultry and
cattle. Good house, barns, part improve¬
ments; Sussex County, N. J. Used Summer
by owner. Send complete information with
photo. ADVERTISER 2436, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MAN WANTED to do light work on farm,
must have poultry experience. $20 month,
good home. BOX 614, Kauneonga Lake,
Sullivan County, New York.

MAN, SINGLE, dairy and poultry farm.

handy with tools, team and tractor. $35
month, maintenance. Permanent. VALLEY
VIEW STOCK FARM. Mt. Bethel, Penna.
Phone Portland 60 B 2.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER. doctor’s home:

character references required, experienced
preferred; will consider one willing and
clean. VOSS, 40 Popham Road, Scarsdale,
New York.

FARM MANAGER or herdsman, capable
of feeding according production and
balancing rations; also up to date knowledge
of farm crops and their care. Also a general
knowledge of poultry. References. AD¬
VERTISER 2440, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single, experienced, reliable ma¬
chine and hand milker. Absolutely sober.
30-45 years old. $50 per month and board.
ADVERTISER 2450, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Good farmer to run small farm
and general housekeeper. Two in family.
Year round position. ADVERTISER 2449,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED to work on a farm, year
round, familiar with tractor and other
farm machinery. House with garage fur¬
nished. etc. Good references required. AD¬
VERTISER 2441, care’ Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE HERDSMAN for a small registered
Guernsey herd. Experienced in butter
making. References. ANCRUM FARMS,
Delhi, N. Y.

GIRL FOR general housework, live in. Two
adults, two children in family. $10 weekly.
Apply, ADVERTISER 2443, care Rural New-
Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, PLAIN cooking, small
family, own room, bath; another kept;
laundry out. New York City Winter; Kent.
Connecticut Summer. ADVERTISER 2444,
care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER. modern home,
private room with bath. Three adults. $30
per month. P. O. BOX 133, Valhalla, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER IN home of three adults.

Must be capable, under 45, in good health.
Own room, $45 month; state details. AD¬
VERTISER 2448, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MAN or couple. Man ex¬
perienced, dry-hand milker, drive car. No
drinker. If couple, woman to do house¬
work. Couple $75 month; single man $50
month and board, private room with pleas¬
ant surroundings. Good home, permanent
position for right persons, on goat dairy
and breeding farm. ADVERTISER 2447, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, PROTESTANT for inside house¬
work, good cook. Man to serve, some driv¬
ing. Three children, two adults in family
on small farm near New Canaan. Salary
$110. BOX 898, New Canaan, Conn.

WANTED — Kitchen man, also dishwasher,
single; private school. Year round position.
$45 or $50 month and living. RECTORY
SCHOOL. Pomfret, Conn.

GIRL FOR general housework, assist with
care of two children. Private room. $6 ;
week. References. MRS. FREDERICK
BRANCH, 8 Rugby, Road, Binghamton, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER, COOK for farm, care for
two rfien. $20 month and board. NEOCLES
PAPPAS, 200 West 50th St., New York.

Situations Wanted

GARDENER, MARRIED, experienced, all
around; flowers. vegetables. livestock.
Drives. References. ADVERTISER 2379,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, WILLING and trustworthy; good
references. Do light work on chicken
farm. Go any place. ADVERTISER 2334,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, all branches; long record
of accomplishments. Specializing Guern¬
seys, Leghorns; proven profitable results.
ADVERTISER 2366, care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPT-GARDENER, married, 40, desires po¬
sition on estate. Lifetime experience, 8
years last position. References for character
and ability for the last 20 years. Only
permanent place considered. ADVERTISER
2349, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM FOREMAN, life experience with
cattle, crops, machinery. Capable taking
full charge. ADVERTISER 2386, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HERDSMAN, DAIRYMAN, position wanted;

11 years last place. Good references. AD¬
VERTISER 2383, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED POSITION, housekeeper or com¬
panion with person going to Florida in
Winter. BOX 11 Canadensis, Pa.

TWO EXPERIENCED farmers in family de¬
sire work on farm or share. ADVERTISER
2391, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER desires position, married,
two children. Protestant, American,
college t -lining, also Graham training. Life
time experience, includes A. R. testing and
retailing milk. Best references. ADVER¬
TISER 2389, care Rural New-Yorker.

NURSE, REGISTERED, wishes institutional
position. ADVERTISER 2388, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED WOMAN desires house¬
keepers position, 1-2 Christian adults. Do
not smoke nor drink. Anywheres. MRS.
DECKER, 4623 Penn St., Frankford, Phila¬
delphia, Pa.

DAIRYMAN - HERDSMAN, married no
children. Thorough knowledge of feeding,
breeding and raising of calves, dry-hand
milker or machines, good butter maker. Best
of habits; excellent references. ADVER¬
TISER 2394, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED, MIDDLEAGED American farmer,
desires permanent position on modern
farm; no children. Best references. ARTHUR
ELWELL, Washingtonville, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER MIDDLEAGED, widow,
Protestant; good cook. ADVERTISER 2398,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MRS. EMMA HAYWARD, Pa., please an¬
swer this advertisement. I lost your ad¬
dress. ADVERTISER 2399, care Rural New-
Yorker.

LADY, ELDERLY, refined, personable ap¬
pearance, neat, orderly, cheerful home¬
maker, appetizing cook. Mild, optermistic.
health certificate, robust, never sick, slight
lameness; sensitive to atmospheric changes.
Baptist affiliations. Dependable, settled, the
home type. Desire full charge of modern
home, business couple or 1-2 elderly gentle¬
men, non users liquor, tobacco. American,
Protestants. Birth date appreciated; snapshot.
References exchanged. Considerate under¬
standing people prefered to high wages.
ADVERTISER 2409, care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPERINTENDENT, COUNTRY estate, com¬
mercial; best references, available imme¬
diately. Only those need a high class man
need answer. ADVERTISER 2412, care Rural
New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARMER and manager, German,
married, 38, well experienced in up-to-date
farming; wishes connection on modern,
purebred dairy farm; good breeder, calf
raiser, clean milk production. Agricultural
school, take full charge. ADVERTISER 2413,
care Rural New-Yorker.

STRONG YOUNG man, first class milker,
experienced tractor, general farming. AD¬
VERTISER 2420, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE POULTRYMAN. 34, thoroughly ex¬
perienced, clean, sober and dependable,
wants permanent position on modern poul¬
try plant. Excellent references. Please state
living conditions, hours and wages. AD¬
VERTISER 2426, care Rural New-Yorker.

OLDER WOMAN wants housework, near
Greenwich. Conn; with couple preferred.
ADVERTISER 2427, care Rural New-Yorker.

SITUATION WANTED: A first class, clean,
dry-hand milker and an all around farm¬
er. No bad habits. Wages $55 a month and
board. WALLY ELLSWORTH, Tunkhannock,
Pa.

GROOM, GOOD at any work, club or es¬
tate, Reference. ADVERTISER 2446, care
Rural New-YorXer.

HOUSEKEEPER, EXPERIENCED, excellent
cook. Protestant. E. DUNN, P. O. Box 96,
Grand Central Annex, New York.

POULTRYMAN — A competent single man
of high type, experienced, capable, honest
and sober is interested in a position of re¬
sponsibility on a well established and
successful breeding plant. I am looking for
a position offering future possibilities. AD¬
VERTISER 2433, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER. REFINED American widow,
43, young daughter; excellent cook, etc.,
not servant type. References exchanged.
ADVERTISER 2434, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, 32, single, Jewish, desires
to do light work on farm; no experience.
ADVERTISER 2438, care Rural New-Yorker.

Country Board

HAVE ROOM for middle or aged people.

Quiet, private family. Kindness and com¬
fort. Particulars. Reasonable. ADVERTISER
2380, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man or woman to board in
good country home; 12 miles from
Binghamton, N. Y. ADVERTISER 2405, care
Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED FAMILY, country, excellent food,
care, environment; furnish best of refer¬
ence; near school. BOX 166, Wurtsboro, N. Y.

MAN, AGE 55, Christian, unmarried, re¬
tired, good health, would like board and
room in suburban home. References. Would
consider light work as exchange. ADVER¬
TISER 2407, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOARDERS WANTED on farm. Come
SoXith for the Winter. Dollar-day. L.
HOTINGER, Parnassus, Va.

LADY WANTS Fall and Winter accommo¬
dations with adult family. Farm, village
or suburbs within 50 miles of New York.
Full particulars and monthly rates, which
must be moderate. ADVERTISER 2415, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Correspondence with elderly
person desiring pleasant, modem home
in Maine. Excellent food, care, if desired.
Reasonable. ADVERTISER 2432, care Rural
New-Yorker.

RIVERSIDE FARMS: Large, all modern,
heated, country home; near mountains. $7
and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

Fruits and Foods

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 85c postpaid. JOSEPH FEKEL,
Vineland, N. J.

FINE HONEY: 60 lb. can here, white clover
$4.60; extra white $4.80; mixed clover-
fruit $3.80; 10 lb. pail delivered clovers

$1.65 and $1.75; mixed or buckwheat $1.40.
Honey for resale in retail packages. RAY
WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

NEW HONEY, our choicest white clover,
60 lbs. $4.80; extra white $4.60; white
$4.25; light amber $3.90; amber $3.75.
A. J. NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

CLOVER, HONEY, postpaid into third zone;

1 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails $1.60. CHARLES
R. MILLER, 2003 Northampton St., Easton,
Penna.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

OLD FASHIONED butternut meats, 85c lb.;

2 lbs. $1.60; 5 lbs. $3.75. Prepaid. R. L.
HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

NECTAR BRAND clover honey, prepaid
third zone. Five lb. pail 80c; 2 for $1.50.
Buckwheat 75c; 2 for $1.40. Comb and
glass honey for resale. HONEY BROOK
Apiaries, Coxsackie, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY postpaid third zone. Five
lb. pail 85c; two, $1.60; four $3. HUGH
GREGG, Elbridge, N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Nature’s health sweet. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

RUSSET APPLES wanted. How many can
you sell and the price? KINDERHOOK
ORCHARDS, Niverville, N. Y.

NEW HONEY: Our best quality white
clover, 60 lbs. $4.25; 120 lbs. $8. J. G.
BURTIS, Marietta, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY, 24 boxes No. 1, $3; fancy
$3.50; 60 pounds extracted $3.90 WALTER
A. WOOD, Naples, N. Y,

Miscellaneous

WANTED — Lighting plant, Kohler preferred.

Will pay cash. JOHN AMIRAULT, Box
28, Malden, Mass.

FOR SALE: Two unit Universal short-tube
milking machines complete with pump
and pipe fitFmgs. STONEACRES FARM,
Box 590, Princeton, N. J.

SELECT — Northern-bred Italian or Cau¬
casian queens, 60c each; very gentle and
productive. HARRY CONNER, Stockton,
New Jersey.

WANTED — Small lots clean, light colored
beewax. D. M. HINRICHS, Essex, Conn.

WANTED — A caterpillar or Cletrac tractor
for orchard work. Give full particulars,
price. ADVERTISER 2393, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FOR SALE: Buckwheat mill, flour mill, feed
mill, cider mill, elevators, water turbines
all still in place. F. SCHORADT, New
Lisbon, N. Y.

BEES FOR sale, complete with hives, supers
and Fall honey. C. O. WILLIAMSON,
Orchard Park, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 100 cords hard wood. Write
BROAD MEADOWS FARM, 20 Virginia
Road, White Plains, N. Y.

WANTED — 1940 model Massey-Harris 6 foot
combine. KOPPENOL BROS., Westover,
Maryland.

WANTED — Farm tractor with plow cultiva¬
tor and double disk. NELSON BEEBE,
Tuckahoe, N. J.

BALED HAY by ton or carload. RALPH
G. CHAMBERS, Hinsdale, N. Y.

MEN

Good territory open in
New England and Penn¬
sylvania for subscription
work for men with car.
All year, good earnings.
Permanent territory.
References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street
New York City

The RUJXAL NEW-YORKER

525

The Henyard

===== By T. B. Charles ■ - —

Vaccination for Fowl Pox
Control

If you have been bothered annu¬
ally with fowl pox in your flock,
it can be definitely controlled by
proper vaccination of all stock on
the farm. Vaccination should be
applied before the birds start to lay,
preferably when the pullets and
breeding cockerels are placed on
range.

Caution: Do not vaccinate for pox
control birds that are in heavy pro¬
duction; to do so will most surely
result in disastrous results to
production.

Who Should Vaccinate

Dr. Beaudette of the New Jersey
Experiment Station recently stated,
“The conditions under which vaccin¬
ation is justified are different for
the two diseases, Fowl Pox and
Laryngotracheitis. In the case of
Fowl Pox, we can safely recommend
routine vaccination in any state
where the disease is common. It
matters not how carefully chickens
are reared, because pox is trans¬
mitted by mosquitoes. On the con¬
trary, Laryngotracheitis is not spread
this way and so routine vaccination
of an otherwise clean plant is not
advisable.”

Precautions

Dr. Beaudette further suggests the
following precautions for pox vaccin¬
ation:

1. Vaccinate all susceptibles at one
time, or else affoi’d ample isolation
for non-vaccinated birds.

2. Do not stretch dosage of vaccine
beyond a reasonable limit.

3. Use vaccine before the expira¬
tion date, and keep in an ice box
until used.

4. Use vaccine in a relatively short
time after it is mixed.

5. Don’t spill vaccine or get it
around the head of the bird.

6. Check birds on the fifth day for
“takes” so that you can revaccinate
if necessary.

Method of Vaccinating

Fowl Pox vaccine can most easily
and efficiently be administered by
the use of needles piercing the web
of the wing. Two sewing machine
needles set about one-fourth of an
inch apart in a small wooden handle,
make a most convenient device.
These needles are then dipped in the
vaccine, after mixing it properly, and
the needles are punched through the
web of the wing. The vaccine is
carried in the eye of the needle.

Identify Disease

Do not vaccinate for the control of
either Fowl Pox or Laryngotracheitis
unless you have first positively iden¬
tified the specific disease, then a
proper decision can be made as to
control or treatment.

Trouble With Hens

I have always kept the poultry
flock up by buying day-old chicks,
but this year I experimented with
setting hens. The first hen, from
12 fertile eggs, produced 5 healthy
chicks and abandoned the remain¬
ing eggs, which, I judged from open¬
ing them, should have hatched
within 24 hours; the second hen
hatched 9 out of 9 and then trampled
and picked 6 of them to death; the
third hen, about a week before
hatching time, began eating her eggs
until only 2 were left. Are these
common occurrences? And do they
explain why it is better to buy
day-old chicks? Or did we do some¬
thing wrong? Also, for the first time
in my experience, out of 50 day-old
chicks bought last October, only 3
now roost. I built a small runway
roost for the young birds, as usual,
but they would not stay on it, and
later, when they were neardy full
size, I lifted them onto the regular
roost night after night in the dark,
but they still, save 3, huddle on the
floor in the corner. What’s wrong?

New Yoi'k p. b. g.

• Hens have a habit of going
“berserk, “ and sometimes upsetting
all of our plans. If hens are properly
fed during the time they are incu¬
bating eggs, they do not usually eat
their setting eggs. They do, however,
many times tramp on and kill some
of their chickens. You just can’t
depend 100 per cent on a broody hen,
I know that from experience.

Chickens, if properly trained,

should readily go to roost. Roosts
too high, or infested with red mites
may discourage chickens from roost¬
ing. However, once a “gang” has
persisted in roosting on the floor, it
is a hard job to break the habit.

Fowl Typhoid

There has been an outbreak of
What our County Agent called fowl
typhoid in our neighborhood. Last
Fall my neighbor lost quite a lot of
pullets when they were ready to
lay. Their droppings were sulphur
colored. Most of them died suddenly
in a spasm while in good flesh; others
lingered and wasted away. He is a
rather good poultryman and keeps
things fairly sanitary. He vaccinated
them with cholera typhoia bacterin.
This seemed to help them so he got
through fairly well until about two
months ago when he had another
outbreak losing 80 hens in three
days and most of his pullets. He
has given them two separate doses
of the same bacterin. Neither seemed
to help them at all. f. e. b.

Spread of fowl typhoid is by way
of the droppings from infected to
healthy birds. It may be spread
through soil, litter, feed, water or
may be introduced into the flock by
wild birds, or carried on the feet
of animals or man.

Control consists in removal of all
infected or suspicious birds; use of
clean, sanitary waterers and feeders,
and keeping birds away from con¬
taminated yards.

In the Middle West, where more
trouble is experienced with this
disease, they vaccinate with a
bacteria made from Salmonella
Gallinarium. Birds vaccinated
against fowl typhoid should not be
tested for pullorum disease for at
least three weeks after the inocu¬
lation.

Henhouse Ventilation

I have a chicken coop which has
about 6,000 cubic feet air space. How
often would it be necessary to re¬
move the air for proper sanitation?

New Jersey j. b. c.

Fowls require about 10 to 12 cubic
feet of air per hour per pound of
live weight, according to various
authorities. If you will refer to
standard tables for the air carrying
capacity of various types of flues,
you can readily calculate the size of
exhaust flue needed for any given
pen.

Intake flues should provide about
10 per cent greater air capacity than
the outtake flue. Also, the outtake
flue should provide more air capacity
than is ordinarily needed, because
when most needed, air movement is
retarded due to proximity of inside
and outside temperatures. Air move¬
ment is also dependent on wind
velocity at any given time, as well
as the differential of temperature
between the pen and outdoors.

The cubic content of the pen may
or may not have any relation to
number of birds the pen can carry.
Floor space regulates the number of
birds per pen and on this factor the
ventilation must be based.

Feed Consumed by Poultry

I would like to know how many
hundred pounds of mixed grain
(buckwheat-wheat-oats) a flock of
100 hens of the heavy breed will
require for one year, fed on only
this grain ration alone, no mash; and
in what proportion the grains should
be mixed? j. M.

A heavy breed hen, such as New
Hampshire, Barred Plymouth Rock
or Rhode Island Red will consume
about 100-11)5 pounds of feed per
year. If mash and grain is fed this
would be about 50 pounds mash and
55 pounds grain and pellets.

According to research work con¬
ducted at the University of Kentucky,
hens fed a grain and skimmilk diet
ate 73 pounds feed per year, per
bird, plus 13 gallons of skimmilk.
Thus, on this basis, 100 hens of the
dual purpose breeds would eat be¬
tween four and five tons of feed.
However, under present-day feed¬
ing knowledge, it would be better
to use a combination of grain with
mash, rather than to rely on grains.
Also, grains unless supplemented
with milk, or other animal protein
would not give the best production!

# It's told on the tag or the list of ingredients printed
on the bag! Study that list. Some of those ingredients are
important because they supply qualities essential to
growth, pigmentation, egg production.

CORN GLUTEN MEAL is one ingredient that should be
part of every mash you buy. Why? Because it supplies:

1. Vitamin A potency. The Vitamin A requirement of
growing pullets is high, and of layers even higher. Only
a few mash ingredients supply it.

2. The pigmentation factor. The substance xanthophyll,
contained in CORN GLUTEN MEAL, puts the desirable
yellow skin color on broilers, roasters and turkeys — a
market factor you can't afford to ignore.

3. Egg producing ability. In two 40-week tests at
Cornell University a mash in which CORN GLUTEN MEAL
replaced half the meat scraps produced more eggs, at
less cost, than the basal mash wjiich had twice as much
meat scraps and no gluten meal.

Buy mashes which contain CORN GLUTEN MEAL.

CORN PRODUCTS SALES CO.
NEW YORK • CHICAGO

DISTRIBUTORS OF

gm DIAMOND Mm.
CORN GLUTEN MEAL

Enrich with

MINERALS

Use Lime C rest”

CALCITE CRYSTALS

Lime Crest” Calcite Crystals are important
for making firm, sound egg shells— for maintain¬
ing healthy birds— for strong, sturdy baby chicks.
Whether in large or small crystals, they have
just the right crystalline hardness to permit a
steady supply of minerals.

Enriched Mash Feeds

Many brands of feed are minerally enriched
Lime Crest” Calcite, your dependable

aid for flock mineral protection.

In addition, keep “Lime Crest” Calcite
Grit before your poultry at all times
to satisfy additional mineral hunger.
Write for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
of America, Box O, Newton, N. J.

I r II 11 A irf1 6/6 s/vc lecuoKrt

IxHMUn*^

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar. ).. $6.00 $10.00 $4.00

Bar. Rox & R. I. Reds . 7.00 8.50 7.00

N. H. Reds & VVh. Rex . 7.50 10.00 7 00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.50 6.50

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Straw ser Hatchery, Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

JUST A
DASH IN

OR SPREAD ON ROOSTS

~ C&^am/rycwcA's

100% Live Arrival Guar. 100 100 100

Hanson or Large Type S. C. Str. Pits. Ckls.

WHITE LEGHORNS . $6.00 $12.00 $3.00

Bar. & Wh. Rocks. & R. I. Reds.. 7.50 9.00 7.00

New Hampshire Reds . 8.00 10.00 7.00

Heavy Mixed . 6.50 8.00 6.50

Breeders Bloodtested. We pay postage, guar. 95%
on all Pullets. FREE Catalog. Cash or C. O. D.
R. W. Elsasser Poultry Farm, Box R, McAlisterville, Pa.

Chicks That Live

Our 33 years of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

19 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. J.

526

tot RURAL. NEW-YORKER

September 20, 1941

Calf 1030 at Larro Research Farm. Born February 20, 1941. Birth weight 96 lbs. Twenty
weeks later it weighed 340 lbs. (244 lbs. gain). An example of what can be done when you
raise calves the Larro way.

CUT CALF LOSSES!
GROW GOOD CALVES!

This message is
for the dairy¬
man who is los¬
ing calves thxough
scours . . . who is rais¬
ing calves on whole
milk that he would
rather be selling . . .
and who still wants
to raise strong, husky heifers for
his herd.

Maybe that’s you. If so, we want
you to know the story of Larro
Calf Builder ... an outstanding
product of General Mills that is
the result of 12 years of careful
testing at Larro Research Farm. It
provides .a definite program for rais¬
ing calves that is SAFE, EASY and
ECONOMICAL. Change from
whole milk to LARRO CALF
BUILDER when calves are 5 weeks
old and you’ll save 500 quarts of
milk. For it only takes about 350

lbs. of milk, 125 lbs.
Calf Builder, 315 lbs.
Larro Dairy Feed and
330 lbs. alfalfa hay to
carry an average Hol¬
stein calf for 20 weeks
— and the standard
gain in that time is
220 lbs. Many Larro
feeders do still better.

And you greatly reduce losses
from scours. Mrs. Joseph L. Hon¬
our of Honour’s Dairy, Orlando,
Florida, says: “Larro Calf Builder
helped stop scours on eight calves
for me this spring and saved their
lives.” Let us tell you all about the
efficient, economical Larro way to
turn your heifer calves into strong,
productive milkers.

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(TRADE NAME)

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

§500

QUARTS of MILK!

r.0,s fo, $LOO

EQUIP TO PRODUCE
MORE WITH
LESS HELP!

Solve your problem of farm
help scarcity ond increased
costs with Cloy labor and time¬
saving steel equipment. Make
your buildings produce more
with less hired help. Get more
money from cows, chickens ond
hogs.

MAIL FOR INFORMATION

I om interested in building ond equipment for-

y/^^\ How many . dairy cows?

'll /' /Jjj 'tX How many .................... HOGS?

How many .................... HENS?

1 J I |\ New............ Remodel. ....... ....

About when .........................

_ . . .Interested for future. I hove

y&y. J written my nome ond address in, morgin.

r \ 4] CLAY EQUIPMENT CORP.

-■■V/JfSi \f 841 Taylor St., C. Falls, la.

\ v. Dept. 491, Binghamton, N. Y.

X"\.- -1 if THE WORLD'S BEST

A Better Milker for Less Money

Amazing New Duplex
Springless Pulsator

Only two moving parts. Improves
with age. Outstanding value. Low
priced. Single and double units.
New fast milking teat cups. Won't
fall off. Standard milking action.
Faster, cleaner milking. Electric
or gas engine operated. Compact
Rotary Pump — all ball bearing.
No idle stroke. Get special offers.
Save money. Write.

NEW Rite-Way PORTABLE Milker

with Duplex Sprmgless Pulsator. Boy cam operate.
Milks 25 cows per hour. Cleaner milk at less
cost. Electric or gas engine type. Guaranteed. Write
for new low prices.

Rubber parts for all machines. Low prices.
Write for Free Catalog.

RITE-WAY PRODUCTS CO.

148c W. JEFFERSON ST., SYRACUSE, N. Y.

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you ’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

Publisher’s Desk

I received the check for $2,000
you collected from the Insurance
Company for me today. Many, many
thanks. I tried for more than five
years to effect a settlement from
them but could not do it so I
decided to turn it over to The Rural
New-Yorker of which I have been
a subscriber for about 47 years and
a constant reader of “Publisher’s
Desk.” I knew you would have a
hard job, for the Company was very
stubborn and hard to convince but
you did it in good shape. I know
you do not charge for your service
or I would be glad to pay you. So,
many, many thanks again and long
live The Rural New-Yorker. God
bless you all. j. h. w.

Connecticut

To present for favorable collection
on a life insurance policy, a claim
based upon a decree of judicial
death is about the most difficult of
all jobs. The tactful follow-up from
the inception of the demand for pay¬
ment to the final answer, favorable
or otherwise, requires unlimited
patience. Let me, therefore, com¬
pliment you in so ably handling the
matter in the interest of my Father,
the beneficiary, since your persis¬
tence in refusing to have the matter
set aside was beyond question the
reason for the company’s final pay¬
ment. The Rural New-Yorker has
gained through the years a reputa¬
tion based upon the highest integrity
and honor. The individuals who
malce up the organization are dele¬
gated with the perpetuation of that
trust. The high plane on which you
have conducted this matter is par¬
ticularly comforting to my Father
and is a credit to you folks in em¬
ploying the highest ethics and the
greatest diligence. w. H. w.

New York

There is little to add to the above
letters. The first from the Father
and the second from a son. It in¬
volved a life insurance policy on
a son who disappeared 20 years ago
and had never been heard from since
and it was evident that he was
dead. The claim had been presented
to the insurance company several
years before it was sent, to us.
Lawyers advised suit. Our friend
consulted us and it has taken a year
to get a final settlement. There is
some technical procedure in such
cases but it should have been ac¬
complished in less time than this
has taken. The Father was appointed
administrator of his dead son’s es¬
tate; a decree was issued by the
Probate Court judicially declaring
the son dead; the statements neces¬
sary for the completion of the case
were furnished. The company
eventually accepted all the proof and
documents and accepted responsi¬
bility under the policy and sent the
check for the amount. It has been
a gratification for us to succeed in
getting the payment but the settle¬
ment should have been made
promptly when the first application
was made but there was delay after
delay. We persistently followed the
matter to the just conclusion. The
letters of Father and son more than
repay us for our work on the case.

We have not had any response
from Harry Mackay at any time.
Doubtless it is better to drop the
entire matter where it is. It would
seem with such a careless driver
as he is, Pennsylvania would do 'well
to watch him. I wish to take this
opportunity to thank you for your
endeavors to collect, and kindly
interest in the affair. p. k. s.

New York

A car carelessly crashed into the
rear of our reader’s automobile and
the owner begged him not to call
a traffic officer and promised to have
the car repaired and pay the bills.
He later denied responsibility and
all demands have been ignored. In
such accidents it is wise to call a
State Trooper or a traffic officer and
have all arrangements for settle¬
ment in writing and before witnesses.
By yielding to the plea for clemency
our reader failed to get a formal
report and while he had witnesses
the amount was too small to warrant
a suit.

I” All letters to Publisher’s Desk
Department must be signed with
writer’s full name and address given.
Many inquiries are answered by mail
instead of printing inquiry and an¬
swer, hence unsigned letters receive
no consideration.]

The State Attorney General issued
warning to the public stating
that there is an apparent widespread
effort on the part of swindlers to
take advantage of the present oil
and gasoline shortage by attempting
to sell oil royalties. His recomen-
dation was that oil stock purchases
should be made only through ac¬
credited agencies. Two men have
been arrested on an accusation of
trying to swindle $10,000 from a
woman for investment in an oil
royalties transaction. Court actions
have been started against five other
persons in connection with the sale
of certain oil stocks. Investigate
thoroughly before you invest.

A friend of ours received a letter
from the Universal Business Brok¬
ers, 38 Park Row, New York, and
later two men called who promised
a sale of his property within a week.
They had lengthy blank applications
or agreements which they said would
cost the owner nothing and asked
him to state a selling price to hold
for 60 days. They asked a fee of
one per cent of the selling price to
cover advertising in 190 papers and
fee to be returned to the owner no
matter who made the sale. It was
$35 in this case. When refused the
price was reduced to $20, which
was also refused. The salesmen left
promising to return. How does it
sound to you? i. m. w.

New York

It sounds like an advance fee
proposition. The anxiety to get a
signed application is responsible for
the reduction in the charge and
once they had the signature you
would be bound by all their terms.

We purchased a certificate from
the Title Guarantee of Jamaica on
the Proctor Estate at Great Neck
in the amount of $3,000. We received
interest for one year but nothing
since 1934 or 1935. Is there any
chance to collect this? e. d. f.

New York

Tax liens had been sold against
this property. Foreclosure proceed¬
ings were instituted and through
this action the certificate holders lost
all their interest. The only recovery
that can be made is when claims
against the Guarantee Company,
which is in liquidation, are finally
adjudicated. If their is a balance
on hand when the liquidation is
completed there may be a settlement
but the prospect is not encouraging.

I sent five cases large white eggs
to.the firm of Friedlander & Marder,
1712 Bathgate Ave., Bronx, N. Y.,
and the amount due is $29.30. It
does not seem at all right that inno¬
cent producers must get caught like
this. These firms should be bonded
to protect their shippers and further¬
more they should most certainly not
accept eggs they cannot pay for —
that is theft. l. v.

New York

There were many complaints
against this concern. Through a
lawyer they pleaded unfortunate re¬
verses but offered to make some ad¬
justment. One party received $4.57
to cover a $50 bill. These receivers
and distributors should be bonded
by the State the same as commission
merchants are and such losses would
be prevented or covered by the bond.

I wrote that I had shipped two
crates of eggs to Passaic, N. J., on
April 28 and that he had not paid
me for them although I had written
to him several times. You advised
you were taking up the complaint,
and five days later I received a check
from Mr. R. paying the full
amount. He asked to please excuse
the delay, that it was an error of
the bookkeeper. I wish to thank you
for what you have done. I know I
could not nave collected this bill
without your help. I certainly will
never do without The Rural New-
Yorker and will be pleased to tell
my friends. p. m.

New York

This was an exceptionally quick
record. Often our letters uncover an
accidental error; sometimes they give
a debtor a jolt and a fear of publicity.
In any event it is not a good repu¬
tation to leave an unadjusted bill
in a neighborhood. We are glad we
were of help and thank P. M. for
his offer to reciprocate.

WRIGHT’S HEALTH UNDERWEAR

REG. U.S<PATiOPP]

Men’s wool union suits
and also wool shirts and
drawers give greatest
satisfaction to wearer.
Also new Patented rein¬
forced supporter double
crotch gives longer
wear and more com¬
fort. Try out these
garments and enjoy
their body comfort.
Ask at your retail stores.
Do it Now.

WRIGHT’S UNDERWEAR CO.

345 Broadway - New York

Buy WRIGHT’S Underwear For Christmas

^ Pr

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Personal Christmas Cards with name— 60 i
for $1. Another big: money-maker— glamorous Box 25 as¬
sorted Christmas Folders. Sells for $1. 100#> profit.
Many otherboxes. Amazinsrvalues. Samples on approval.

WALTHAM ART PUBLISHERS. Pept. 486
160 North Washington Street ^ Boston, Mass.

Responsible man preferably with know-
" aulcU ledge of fruit growing to devote full or
part time to taking orders for fruit trees and or¬
namental stock. No delivering or collecting. Weekly
commission check. Many men making $35 to $50 weekly.
Write at once. MALONEY BROTHERS NURSERY CO.

DANSVILLE, NEW YORK

Hii\ro Foixltry Wanted.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!

S. MEYER & SON. Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Bow-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Reudy to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue R. SOriLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints. 25e.
CENTUKY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial otfer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Aloany, N. Y.

Whiskey Barrels emptied. Fine for

cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each; 2 for $7.00.
Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.

Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS fJi&SVi!™:

C.aSH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices.

SHO-UEF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, III.

Posting Land Sign 3c Each

Delivered 11 inches by 11 inches approved.
Send full amount with order. Sample five cents.
JOS. POLITO, 477 7th St., BUFFALO, N. Y.

POST YOUR LAND NOW!

Signs 12xl2in. cardboard 50 for $2.50; 100 for $4.00.
Idi.en, 25 for $3.50. Name and address $1.00 extra.
BRAYER PRESS, 51 Lenox St.. ROCHESTER, N Y.

We are PayinS top prices for burlap
Dago HaniCU and cotton bags. Write for price

list and Shipping tags. RIVERSIDE BAG & BURLAP
CORP. 249 PLYMOUTH ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach ns Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance of date ol issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
Plants, livestocx, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, to Rent, etc.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook,
no buildings; $2,000; cash $500; balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Five modern farms in Central
Pennsylvania on hard surfaced roads. In¬
quire. E. E. SCHMICK, Elmira, N. Y.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

FOR SALE: Two small farms for poultry,
one of 4 acres, 6 room house, barn, elec¬
tricity; price $2,500, one-half cash. Also 10
acres, 7 rooms, cabin, improvements, 3-story
poultry house; $6,500. HARRY VAIL,
Warwick, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Splendid farm, brick house,
bank barn, 65 acres, suburban section,
Southern Pennsylvania near Waynesboro. If
interested apply to H. J. BENCHOFF,
Woodstock, Va.

FARMS FOR sale: Upper Hudson Valley,
New York State; Warren, Washington and
Saratoga Counties. General farm, 2 miles
from village, 55 acres, fruit, chicken house,
bam with 9 tie-ups and 2 stalls, 2-story
house with furnace and slate roof, $2,500.
Dairy farm, 128 acres, 108 acres tillable,
barn with 22 tie-ups, 4 stalls, large hay
barn, 2-story house, 9 rooms with furnace,
slate roof; $3,500. Many others. Write for
lists. TOM ROGERS AGENCY, 7*4 Ridge
St., Glens Falls, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Eight room house in village
of Berne; garage and garden. M.
HUESTED, Greenville, N. Y. (Greene Co.)

MILK ROUTE, 100 acres, good buildings,
extensive view, lake frontage, $9,800.
GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

GOOD HOME, 20 acre poultry plant, 1,000
broilers per month contracted for; also
pullets. CHAS A. ROWSE, Great Barrington,
Massachusetts.

COMPLETELY FURNISHED, rustic semi¬
bungalow, 38x40, large fireplace, 6 rooms,
22 acres timberland, garage, poultry house.
Get photos, details about. All goes with
this beautiful place. Full price $4,500.
SAFHANEK, Vineland, N. J. Phone 33 R 2,

GENERAL FARM: 50 acres, modernized
Colonial six room home, eow and horse
barn, silo, poultry houses, garage. Good
location. Low taxes. Price $4,700; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

SHAWANGUNK MOUNTAINS: 50 acres,
springs, streams, accessible to state road,
electricity; $1,000, terms. O. S. JANSEN,
Wallkill, N. Y.

WANTED — Chicken farm within 100 miles
from New York City. BRO WN SHIELD ,
1900 Grand Concourse, Bronx, N. Y.

WANTED — Small farm by river or large
stream; at least three acres good tillage,
some woodland, pasture, small house. A.
Aspary, 190 Madison St., New York City.

FOR SALE: Eight room house, barn, shade
trees, good road, five acres, 25 acres
wooded, secluded; cheap. B. ELWOOD, R 5,
Danbury, Conn.

SCENIC COUNTRY home offers various
sources of income. Caledonia County,
Vermont. Handy to Seymour Lake. 95 acres,
32 tillage, balance pasture and woods. Rated
15 cow farm, 600 bucket sugar orchard.
Reconditioned farmstead, electricity and
other public services. To appreciate its at¬
tractiveness you should write for free illus¬
trated and detailed description. $4,200. Terms.
FEDERAL LAND BANK Springfield, Mass.

Ill ACRE farm, equipped, water, electricity.

Must sell now; cheap. Write WILLIAM
HARGRAVE, Marathon, N. Y.

ORANGE COUNTY, New York. Do you
want a good dairy or poultry farm, small
farm with brook, home, store or country
business, cheap? See me before you buy
and save. “DOC” BENTON, Otisville, N. Y.
Free list.

FOR SALE: Nicely situated 84 acre farm
on macadamized road, Seven room house,
electricity, concrete cow stable, stock, tools,
everything on farm. Particulars, owner
GEO. H. MITCHELL, R. D. 2, Middleburgh,
N. Y. (Schoharie County).

AGE 71, sacrificing superb 45 acre truck,
dairy, tourist farm. U. S. No. 6 highway.
1,500 ft. river frontage. Stock, tools. Easy
terms. Also, 7 acre bungalow roadstand
property. Photos. LEWIS CARTER, Lacy-
ville. Pa.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY COMPANY,
Southington, Conn.

WANT FARM, approximately 50 acres; pre¬
ferably some stock; suitable goat dairy,
breeding; poultry. Complete details first
letter; location; acreage tillable, pasture;
stock, buildings, water, etc. Best terms sale
or rental with option. Must be reasonable.
ADVERTISER 2384, care Rural New-Yorker.

250 ACRE farm, 175 acres level, stone free
land. Excellent buildings, 50 Guernseys,
complete line of machinery, tractor all on
rubber, 2 silos, filled, hay, 1,500 bushels
grain. Excellent location. One of the best
farms in Delaware County. Other farms, all
prices. BUNNELL AGENCY, Walnut St.,
Oneonta, N. Y.

WANTED — Two or more acres, small house,
good road, electricity; within 100 miles
New York. ADVERTISER 2395, care Rural
New-Yorker.

170 ACRES, 7 room house, barns, 20 cows,
4 horses, 2,000 fruit, 2,000 grapes, tractor,
timber; $8,000. Five acres, 8 room house,
barn, fruit; $2,000. Terms. Dutchess County.
S. PANEK, Clermont, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Income poultry farm, 6 room
house, city comfort, 30 miles Canton, Ohio.
ADVERTISER -2396, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR RENT or will lease on shares, 160
acre farm with modern 7 room house, 2
baths. Small herd registered Guernseys
available to start. For full details write
LOOKAWAY FARM, Buckingham Valley,
Bucks County, Pa.

FOR SALE: Account sickness, established
body-fender shop, gas station, 6 room
house in village: doing fine business. Write
ADVERTISER 2397, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Poultry farm, all improve¬
ments, coops for 6,000 broilers; 2 homes,
19 acres land; $7,000. ED. NOLAN, Durham,
Conn.

GARAGE, CABIN, roadstand (site). 10 acres.

State road. Cobleskill. New bungalow. 15
apples; $1,300, $300 cash, $15 monthly.

CORA CHASTAIN, Fultonville, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Very productive 200 acre dairy
and poultry farm, 20 head cows, 20 head
young stock, 1,200 laying house capacity,
1,000 laying hens, 600 young pullets on
range. Milk route, egg route. Electricity in
all buildings, artesian well, 100 tons hay in
barns, 17 acres alfalfa. Price $25,000 includes
stock, tools, everything. Income $8,000 to
$10,000 per year. One two-family house, one
tennant house, all on state road. Now being
worked. ADVERTISER 2403, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Good one man farm: would
make ideal summer home. Secluded, readi¬
ly accessible; reasonable. ALBERT GAGNE,
South Royalton, Vt.

WANTED — Small bungalow, some ground;

Ulster County. Price moderate. ADVER¬
TISER 2410, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Blacksmith shop to rent, equip¬
ped up-State. GEO. BRUENNING, 37
Marguerite Ave., Elmont, L. I.

WANTED — Small farm with good house;

low price. Preferably with view, brook,
woodlot, few acres tillable in Fitchburg-
Peperell, Mass, region. Address ADVER¬
TISER 2418, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED WITHIN 100 miles of metropoli¬
tan area bungalow type house and acreage
on State or Federal highway, suitably for
or with store, cabins or gas station. Must
be reasonable. ADVERTISER 2419, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 117 acre fruit farm, leading
varieties fruits, 8 room house, conveni¬
ences, large shady lawn, excellent location.
Price $8,500; terms. H. E. MAC MAHAN,
Spring Road, Vineland, N. J.

SUNNYSIDE FARM, 425 acres. Colonial
dwelling, guest cottage, tenant house,
stock barns, sheds, creamery, garage, silo,
etc.; macadam highway, spring streams.
Scenic location, 20 months dairy receipts
exceed purchase price. $27,500; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

WHITE FRAME with pea green roof, big
fireplace but closed, five rooms and bath,
electricity and telephone, hot water heat,
oil burner, Heils automatic and electric
pump. Surrounded by shrubbery, two
cellars under house. Barn 60 ft. long and
32 ft. wide with cellar under part of barn,
40x30x9 ft. deep. Up and down in elevator.
Hothouse 32x30 ft., tool shed, wagon shed,
part of one end of barn garage, chicken
house not attached to barn. Place is irri¬
gated with overhead Skinner system, in
good working order, pump from river: from
10 to 11 acres under system; soil alluvial
loam, very productive. In pump house, 500
gallon gas tank; centrifugal pump, Fordson
engine for pumping water in system. Mail
delivered, short mile from school. One mile
from church and station in Milford. N. J.
Smooth public highway in front, about 75
ft. from house. River along highway, fish¬
ing, 800 ft. frontage for building lots. Canal
in back, over 600 ft. from road to canal.
Property extends to low river mark. State
is going to make a park out of the canal.
Water is piped from house to barn and
different parts of place. Plenty of shrubbery
around house and barn and flowers.
WALTER R. Illiek, Upper Black Eddy, Pa.

MODERN POULTRY farm 500 capacity, also
smaller ones, excellent locations. GEORGE
COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

FARM PROPERTY, suitable boarding; mod¬
ern improvements, good water supply,
bathing, fishing; within 100 miles New York.
State price, details, first letter. ADVER¬
TISER 2429, care Rural New-Yorker.

WOULD LIKE to rent fully equipped farm;

honorable, experienced in dairy, poultry,
sheep farming. No bad habits, respectable
American family. ADVERTISER 2430, care
Rural New-Yorker.

10-20 ACRES, water, woods. Orange, Ulster.

About $500. Owner may remain on
premises. ADVERTISER 2445, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUNTRY HOME and farm. 25 acres on
main road between Boston, Mass., and
Providence, R. I. Ideal location, everything
in A-l condition, water, telephone, elec¬
tricity, oil heat. House sets high, grounds
beautifully landscaped, wide lawns, shrubs,
lovely brook. Farm carries 3,500 head of
adult fowl and is fully equipped; now
operating at three-fourth capacity; egg sales
running $400 weekly, all business whole¬
sale. Farm completely up to date; running
water in all buildings and ranges, insulated
houses, electric incubator etc. Low assess¬
ment, low taxes. Nothing to buy but stock
to go right on. Must be seen to be appre¬
ciated. No run down neglected place. Ad¬
vancing years reason for selling. $23,000,
$18,000 cash. ADVERTISER 2435, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR IMMEDIATE sale, 50 acre farm,
macadam road, 7 room house, electric
lights, water in house; barn, outbuildings.
Full price $800. Also six acre state road
farm near village, attractive house and barn,
electric, water. Price $1,500. MRS. CLAIRE
PARSONS, Burlington Flats, N. Y.

GENTLEMAN’S FARM, 120 acres, near
Middletown, N. Y. 150 year Colonial
house, 9 rooms, 2 baths. 4 fireplaces, hot
air furnace, city conveniences, el. cooking
and water heater, 2 porches; 3 room beauti¬
ful cottage; large modern barn: well worked
dairy-farm; 2 acre lake, river. $17,000.
MRS. O. MATHIESEN, Winterton, N. Y.
Telephone Middletown 7-4551.

WANTED — Fully equipped modern dairy
farm to work on shares, by married farm¬
er; lifetime experience, age 42, two sons,
15 and 17. Only money making proposition
considered. Give full details. ADVERTISER
2437, care Rural New-Yorker.

TO SETTLE estate, modern dwelling and
greenhouses, excellent location. $20,000 in¬
vestment; sell less than half. ADVERTISER
2439, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Small farm Dutchess County,
New York. Christian community, 10 acres,
part fertile land, some woodland, small
house, reliable water supply, electricity,
telephone available. Describe fully, price,
terms, taxes and exact location. ADVER¬
TISER 24«2, care Rural New-Yorker.

MOUNTAIN PARADISE. 732 acres, moun¬
tain top and plateau; 18 room brick man¬
sion, 1,000 feet elevation, cost $100,000. Nice
condition, magnificent views, open and
wooded, cow barn, horse barn, tenant house,
streams, lake, other 15 acre lake site, water
by gravity, abounds with deer. What a
bargain at $17,000 with $3,500 cash, taxes
$500. Suitable for beef farm, private estate
or club. Don’t write unless you are finan¬
cially able to own this property. Others;
hundreds of farms covering two counties.
DAVIES, Realtor, Chatham, Columbia
County, New York.

Help Wanted

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows;

wages $50 and board. Write age, refer¬
ence, experience, weight, height. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

WANTED CARETAKER, goat dairy; room,
hoard. State experience, wages. EX¬
CELSIOR GOAT FARM, Port Murray, N. J.

WOMAN, COOKING and general house¬
work; $40 a month; pleasant quarters.
Christian family with baby. Country home.
35 miles from New York. Cleanliness and
good disposition essential. ADVERTISER
2302, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN for general housework in
modern country home, two in family; $25
per month. MRS. R. BURKHALTER, Jr.,
Ringoes, N. J.

WANTED — Man on poultry farm, experi¬
ence unnecessary; write, PINE WOOD
FARM, Wyandanch, L. I.

WANTED — Married, experienced orchard¬
man; competent, reliable. State age, ex¬
perience, references. ADVERTISER 2382,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good dairyman with extra milk¬
er, farmer. $100 monthly. FRANCIS RUF,
Catskill, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED CREAMERY worker,
healthy, good habits, clean, steady, de¬
ferred class. References. Wages $20 weekly.
BONNY DELL FARM, Tenafly, N. J.

PLAIN COOKING for small Christian

boarding house, all year round position.
Give full particulars, age, abilities.

DOMBEK’S LODGE, Bradley, N. Y.

WANTED BY October 1st, housekeeper,
middleaged, modest country home.
Husband and wife both employed, two girls,
10 and 12. Must help with small garden
and a few chickens. Permanent. State age,
references, religion, salary expected and
when and where personal interview can be
had. MRS. M. A. HANEY, R. F. D. 1,
Flemington, N. J.

WANTED BY October 1st, single man, care
of 16 cows, milking machine; some general
farm work. Board and room furnished. Must
have good references. State wages expected.
BOX 131, R. F. D. 1, Flemington, N. J.

POULTRYMAN OR couple, experienced for
a 1,800 layer farm. License. $40 to start.
Good board; draft exempt. BOX 235,
Sayville, L. I.

POULTRYMAN TAKE care 800 layers, 200
turkeys. Room and board. State salary,
experience. S. LUTIN, New Paltz, N. Y.

WANTED — Man married, no children, take
care of grounds and repairs of vacation
home, 60 miles north of New York. Perma¬
nent all year round position for right party.
Must have furniture for cottage of four
rooms and bath; no food furnished. If in¬
terested give age, religion, nationality, past
experience and wages expected. ADVER¬
TISER 2385, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Poultryman with some experi¬
ence, to assist owner in a 4,000 layer
flock. Northern New Jersey. State experi¬
ence, wages wanted. ADVERTISER 2390,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good, willing worker, with or
without experience, on commercial poul¬
try farm. Give full particulars, wages de¬
sired. ADVERTISER 2392, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUPLE FOR private farm near Providence.

Gardening, modern hay farming, care of
few animals. Wife for cooking, housework.
Will consider couple with daughter for
second maid. Wages $100 start. Give full
particulars. ADVERTISER 2387, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GIRL OR woman wanted. General house¬
work; small family. Congenial work. $30
per month, room and bath. Write, MRS.
HARRY L. OSIAS, 4809 Avenue K, Brooklyn,

WANTED — Woman or girl for general
housework. Steady work; good home for
right person. MRS. HELEN MAC DONALD,
Craryville, N. Y.

HOUSEKEEPER FOR widower and son on
farm; a good home. ARTHUR PROPER,
Cornwallville, N. Y.

WANTED — Single man for high class Jersey
dairy farm. Must be experienced cow man.
$55 and board to start. All machine milking.
Write stating experience and age. LAMING-
TON JERSEYS, G. E. Taylor, Mgr., White-
house, N. J. Lebanon 48R3.

WANTED — Young or middleaged woman
as mother’s helper. Good wages; lovely
home. MRS. A. C. GALBRAITH, Suffern,
N. Y.

MAN WANTED on dairy and poultry farm,
good milker, reliable; state wages. JOHN
W. RONNER, Red Hook, N. Y.

COUPLE, CHILDLESS for poultry farm.

Man general farm work, experienced pre¬
ferred; wife household. $50-$60 month,
room, board. ROSENSTOCK, Kingston Lane,
Monmouth Junction, N. J.

WANTED — Single farm hand, steady job.

$50 and board. Apply STAPLETON, Tobey
Hill Farm, Canaan, Conn.

COOK, HOUSEWORKER, own room; light
laundry. $40. Write age, references.
ARTHUR SWEENY Pleasantville, N. Y.

FARM HAND, permanent position. Refer¬
ences required. Apply C. C. TOWNSEND,
estate superintendent, Clermont, N. Y.

WANTED — Someone to operate dairy farm
near Lock Haven, Pa.; state age, number
in family, employers for last five years.
ADVERTISER 2404, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COUPLE, white, for modern
country home, good cook, housekeeper;
handyman, care yard, garden, some driving.
Private apartment. Immediate opening. Write
BOX 49, Stanton, N. J.

HERDSMAN, AGE about 40, small family;

work with men. 160 milking cows; ex¬
perienced hand and machine milking. Good
house plus $80 month and milk. ADVER¬
TISER 2400, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING FOREMAN understand threash-
ing, horses and tractors. 2o0 acres grain,
alfalfa and crops. Nice home, small family
only. ADVERTISER 2401, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED IMMEDIATELY, single man,
steady work on dairy farm. $40 a month,
room and board. CHARLES NICHOLS,
Brewster, N. Y.

GIRL OR woman, general housework; one
who prefers permanent home to high
wages. Write MRS. WM. SMITH, Box 236,
Manchester, N. Y.

ELDERLY MAN. take care of country place,
gardening, milk goats: good home, board.
$10-$15 a month. MAPAE MANOR Dingman’s
Ferry, Pa. ^

WANTED — Two honest, agreeable, con-
sciencious, reliable men on poultry and
dairy farm. One must be thoroughly ex¬
perienced in poultry and willing workers.
No smoking or drinking. References re¬
quired in first letter. State age, how long
in last place. Can use one married, one
single. State wages. ADVERTISER 2402,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR Brooklyn, N. Y. house in
Winter, Connecticut in Summer, Woman,
good cook. Man handy, willing ‘ to assist
with housework. Own living room-bedroom
in city; separate house country. MRS.
WALTER FLETCHER WATTON, 240 Berkley
Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED RELIABLE poultryman to
take complete charge of small poultry
farm, 1,500 chickens. Permanent job and
very good pay for responsible and de¬
pendable person. Write siaung full particu¬
lars. JACK BRILLIANT, Box 35, Souder-
ton, Pa.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 524 •

150-HOUR

VEEDOL

Pulls you out with a PROFIT !

^ ou cannot count crop profits

without checking tractor costs
. . . And the balance-wheel on trac¬
tor costs is oil!

Oil can raise or lower your fuel
bill. Oil can boost or cut down your
repairs. Oil can pile up extra ex¬
pense or pay a handsome profit.

That’s why more and more
farmers are turning to the amazing
new 150-HOUR Veedol Tractor
Oil. Immediately, they pocket a
substantial saving in oil consump¬
tion over old-time 60- and 75-hour
oils. And it isn’t long before this
heat-resisting pure 100% Pennsyl¬
vania oil pays more dividends with
its better piston seal . . . with less
sludging . . . less oxidation . . . and
less fuel consumption.

But the real profit that accrues
with the use of 150-Hour Veedol is
its ability to get out of your tractor
engine the full year-round service

that was built into it. Its excel¬
lent fluidity helps cold-weather
starting and its quick circula¬
tion provides constant protection
against winter scoring.

150-HOUR VEEDOL
cuts costs these 5 ways in
your gasoline tractor

1. Saves Fuel... Reduces power “blow-
by”, minimizes dilution . . . thus saves
fuel consumption.

2. Saves Oil ... In many cases doubles
operating hours between oil refills.

3. Saves Losses . . . Ends time and
money losses from needless breakdowns.

4. Saves Repairs . . . Greater resist¬
ance to heat and friction cuts costly
tractor repairs.

5. Saves Tractors . . . By reducing wear,
assures long, economical tractor life.

There is a Veedol lubricant for every
make of truck and passenger car! These
Veedol Oils are made 1 00% from Brad¬
ford- Pennsylvania crude. Veedol greases
and gear lubricants meet all rtiodern
conditions.

A Product of Tide Water Associated Oil Company

Ulster County Fair

Ulster County must truly be God’s
country for the' sun always shines
on Ulster County Fair Day regard¬
less of rain the day before or after.
So once again, the sky was blue
last August 20 at Forsyth Park
where the Fair is held annually.

There were the usual number of
various colorful tractors everywhere
in the natural ampitheatre. Young¬
sters were clambering all over them
and fond mothers snapping their
pictures as fathers were down by the
sfock and chicken coops.

Horses and cattle came out in fine
style. There were two stallions which
brought much comment, one being
an imported Belgian and the other
a black Percheron bred by the
Massachusetts State College of Agri¬
culture.

Some of the awards in the cattle
and horse departments. Draft horses:
Pair over 3,200 pounds, Babcock
Farms, 1; Harry Beatty, 2 and 3;
Pratt Boice, 4. Pair under 3,200
pounds, Francis A. Waters, 1; John
H. Saxe, 2 and 3; Napanoch Institu¬
tion, 4. Singles under 1,600 pounds,
John H. Saxe took all four places
in this class, in which there were
eight entries. Singles over 1,600
pounds, Harry Beatty, 1 and 3;
Cannon’s Ranch, Woodstock, 2; Pratt
Boice, 4. Yearling colts, Babcock
Farms, 1 and 2; Harry Beatty, 3 and
4. Two year old colts, Harry Beatty
was the only entrant in this class and
was awarded all three places. Pro¬
duce of dam, Harry Beatty, 1 and
4; Babcock Farms, 2 and 3. Stallion,
Harry Beatty, 1; Cannon’s Ranch, 2.

, Holsteins: 6 firsts to Harry Beatty;

3 firsts to C. L. Schoonmaker,
Gardiner; and 2 firsts to Joseph Brill,
Kingston. Guernseys: A. H. Cham-
bers7 Maple Lane Farm, 9 Blue
Ribbons; John H. Saxe, 3 firsts and

4 seconds; John F. Kirn, Port*Ewen,

1 second and 3 thirds. Ayrshires:
Emil Menk, Glenford.

The poultry show was to one side
so the poultry lovers had quite a
time of it between the proud crow¬
ing roosters and well fed hens.
195 birds were entered in the open
class while an additional 147 birds
were entered in the 4-H department.
Outstanding winners in the open class
were: Franklin Kelder, Accord, best
pair in the show; best cock, Max
Solomon, Kingston; best hen, J.
Kross, Ellen ville; best cockerel,
Robert Kelder, Accord; best pullet,
R. V. O. DuBois, Gardiner.

The largest exhibitor and sweep-
stakes winner in the fruit depart¬
ment was M. G. Hurd & Son, Clinton-
dale.

The Homemaking Department
quite out did itself this year as they
had 100 more entries than last year.
Braided rugs came through in big
style especially a hearth rug in the
design and cut of a very comfortable
contented cat.

The Modena 4-H Club came out
with a motto “Let’s Serve Apples!”
which idea was well represented in
their clever display of apple jam,
apple pie, apple betty, apple butter,
apple cake, apple juice, apple cider,
apple vinegar, apple foam and apple
pudding. I hope I have listed them
all.

Boy Scouts of Troop 6 had two
tents. One was for first-aid in which
I saw a youngster getting first-aid
for a bleeding knee while some one
sent out for an ice cream cone to
take care of his hurt feelings. The
other Boy Scout tent displayed vari¬
ous crafts.

Among the Granges there was
Stone Ridge 931 with an old-fash¬
ioned cellar which drew a huge
crowd. There was a cider press
dated 1863. Typical old worn out
wooden steps, such antiques as
candle-maker, waffle iron, butter
churner, fluting iron, crocks, kero¬
sene lamps and iron coffee mill of
the oldest vintage.

This year there were many red,
white and blue displays in table
settings and booths and Lake
Katrine Grange' 1065 had a timely
motto “Agriculture for Defense.”

All in all Forsyth Park in Kingston,
the hub of the Catskill Mountains,
was as lively a place on its Ulster
County Fair Day as ever seen by
Ulsterites. s. m.

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ITHACA N * Y

\ 7_| p Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing? Co.,

V Ol. v^« 333 w. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents af/Year. - /"I

Ocfeber 4a 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936, at the Post _ CClO
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. * '”• wJlJ

Harvest Time in the Fruit Country

530

Tfe RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

The Defense Program

and the Fruit Industry

HETHER we like it or not, the
fruit industry is feeling the
impact of the defense pro-
. gram. Last Winter, the Presi¬
dent of an Eastern Horticult-

_ _ ural Society was criticized for

pointing out a likely labor problem by Fall;
today, the shortage is reality. There is no
occasion for being an alarmist, yet there is
likewise no excuse for denying the facts. It
would be nice to have the whole thing over
with by the time this appears in print, but
the chances are against it.

And so, the questions among fruit growers
and horticulturists generally are — What does
the grower face today? What are the un¬
certainties? What can he reasonably expect?
What can he do as an individual? What can
he do as the member of a group?

The labor problem, of course, is already
here. With high school youngsters earning
70 cents an hour as common labor and $1.05
an hour for Saturdays and Sundays, there is
not much inducement to pull weeds for 25
to 35 cents an hour nor to pick cherries at
one-half cent a pound. Even* transient labor
moves easily to government-operated trailer
camps and rooming houses adjacent to large
defense projects.

It is obviously impossible to attempt to
meet such a situation by matching wages. The
answer lies in no single plan but in the use
of as many ingenious devices and original
thoughts as can be brought together. There
are some growers, for example, who have
successfully appealed to consumers to pick
their own fruit. Schools are organizing half¬
day sessions, and educational authorities are
favoring absence from school for a limited
period without loss of state aid to the schools.
Other growers have resorted to the fun and
frolic of harvest and have tried to make pick¬
ing a job that people enjoy. There is spirit
in every community and in every family. The
old-fashioned “bee” idea has possibilities still.
Everybody in the family may have to pitch
in. In some western communities where labor
has always been a problem, the minister, the
minister’s wife, the family next door — all get
together at harvest time for fun and the job
at hand. It could happen that way today if
the help problem becomes more acute.

Then there is the prospect of using more
labor saving machinery, but only when wisely
purchased and with a realization that in-
debtednes is no asset if conditions change.

Those who saw this thing coming and
heeded the advice to take advantage of the
opportunities for diversification that the East
offers, are best off now. With a succession of
strawberries, raspberries, sweet cherries, sour

cherries, plums, peaches, _

pears, apples, and other pro¬
duce in various combinations,
it has been possible to keep
reliable and resourceful help
happy in the tenant house the
year round. Such help knows
that a good job even at lower
wages is a good thing to hang
on to against the day that
everybody is hoping will
never come but always does.

There will be a shortage of
materials, too. Paper bags
have already replaced burlap;
cheese manufacturers have
met a shortage of cheesecloth
because cloth manufacturers
found print goods more profit¬
able to manufacture at the
moment; the priorities boards
have uses for cork for re¬
frigeration; permits are re¬
quired from food processors
for stainless steel and alloys
containing copper and nickel;
and package materials gener¬
ally are short. The oppor¬
tunity -s here, then, for the
resourceful individual who

By H. B. Tukey

knows how to save and how to substitute. He
will do well to think hard and long along
these lines.

The movement of goods faces restriction.
Refrigeration may not be so easily procured.
Truck movements and even carlot movements
may be challenged — remember the episode of
the oil tankers. The export market, of course,
is gone except for canned and dried products
largely. On the other hand, there is the possi¬
bility that import competition from the south
and from the north may be less — though one
person’s guess is as good as another’s when
a matter of national policy is concerned. After
all, is it inconceivable that a “good neighbor
policy” and exchange balances may cause
ships to be available to move fruit from the
Argentine and Chile to New York City? In
short, the local outlets are more than ever
important — roadside stands, local stores,
neighborhood consumers.

At the same time there wil be increases in
certain lines. Nurserymen are finding the
Government interested in plant materials for
large defense plantings, and the protective
value of fruits and vegetables in the diet is
being recognized as never before. Horticulture
is definitely an integral part of the defense
effort, and this is good.

Taxes will increase, but may not hit the
grower directly at first. Real estate taxes are
already high and may not increase. But taxes
on gasoline, on automobiles, on tires, on elec¬
tricity, on telephone, on a hundred and one
things which the fruit grower uses, will make
his tax bill higher whether he recognizes it
or not. Income taxes may not hit many
growers veary hard, though there are any
number who would enjoy the privilege!

Populations may shift suddenly and dis¬
appear as soon again. Local churches have
found it necessary to conduct church services
on the defense operation sites for the work¬
men who must work on Sunday. The dairy¬
man sells nearly a thousand quarts of milk
a day by sending his trucks up and down the
roads through the defense project, to displace
stronger beverages. The fruit grower may
move his roadside stand to meet the streams
of workers on the way home. Army maneu¬
vers may come close to home, and a camp may
be erected in the next county.

In # this way, opportunities will appear
quickly, and as quickly disappear. It may
even be found to advantage, as one small
central New York fruit grower has, to let
some of the fruit go this season and collect
$60 a week at the defense project — knowing
that by Spring it will all be over and feeling

iglwiillltei

- . » ..

ititlip

The defense program affects directly the harvest problem ( upper
machinery ( upper right), the roadside stand ( lower left), and

facilities ( lower right).

that this is his best chance to get “cash
money,” pay up some of his old debts, and
get set for the storm he feels sure is going
to blow. To cap the climax, an alert ento¬
mologist’s wife is now in the business of re¬
pairing runs in silk hosiery!

Just at present, of course, this is in a sense
a luxury market. The purchasing power of
the country was never higher, and there is
a curtailment of goods available. Accordingly,
many buyers are looking for the “best,” are
willing to pay the price, and so increase the
spread between the top and bottom grades.
Such a market can afford those orchard
operations which bring a little better size, a
little better color, and a little better flavor,
such as spot picking, hormone spraying, early
thinning, heavy mulching, and even irrigation.

But no one knows how long a luxury mar¬
ket may hold up. It can very quickly turn
to a “calorie market,” that is, a market which
thinks not in terms of quality but in terms
of energy values, health values, and quantity.
Straws in the wind are already shown by
the reaction in the belligerent countries
against the freezing of foodstuffs, cold storage
warehouses, gas storage, and the like, and
the swing in thinking towards canning, de¬
hydration, and concentrates. This does not
mean that freezing and frozen food lockers
do not have their place in a land such as ours.
Fortunately, quite the reverse. It merely
means that when peace-time economy changes
to war-time economy, as it has in Europe,
there is a shift in emphasis, as for example,
the shift from silk stockings to bare legs or
cotton stockings.

The reason for this shift is, of course, plain.
The lend-lease program needs food, but the
less bulk and the less attention the foodstuffs
need after preparation, the better. A refriger¬
ation plant in a warring country can lose its
produce from the failure of the power source
miles away, but a pile of canned goods or
dehydrated products are damaged only to the
degree that the individual container is dam¬
aged. Tomato paste, onion paste, orange con¬
centrate, apple concentrate, and those products
which provide vitamins and complex organic
nutrients are the ones receiving attention.
Cold storage men report that there will be
no Bartlett pears in Western New York
storages this Fall; they are in tin cans and
perhaps destined for abroad.

Further, a frozen food product is essentially
a quality product from the time it is har¬
vested until the time it is served to the ulti¬
mate consumer — the type of product
we Americans instinctively like and
want. Yet it must be held at low temperatures
in warehouses where cork, pipes, pressures,
gases, and electric power are
essential. Hopefully the time
will not come when we in
America must face these
problems.

The preservation of food
by low temperature might be
met by the system suggested
by a prominent American
plant physiologist years ago,
and who was laughed at
heartily for his seeming
foolishness. It seems less
foolish today. He proposed
that during the years of
plenty, foodstuffs be trans¬
ported North and frozen in
specially prepared caches.
Perhaps he was thinking of
the mastodon preserved in
Alaskan and Siberian ice
fields -for 10,000 years and
discovered in modern times.
It would not be a quality
product that would come from
such caches, but it would be
calories of food, and there
are parts of the world where

the'transportation flavors 1,ave bcen JorS°‘ten

(Continued on Page 532)

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

531

Sniihenns nn the Atlantic Seaboard that when a hay and grain crop of s°ybeans
soy Deans on me / \uannc oeaooara ,g taken off the soil the soil is depieted. As

a hay it is only fair. As a cash crop it is of

The soybean is an established crop in the
Mississippi Valley. In the past 20 years pro¬
duction in the United States has risen from
a negligible quantity to over 80 million
bushels per year, with the probability that
the 1941 crop will be the largest ever. Some
of this increase has been in the East and
Southeast, and perhaps right now it is worth¬
while to look into the possibilities in those
areas.

Some years ago when conditions were
normal, soybean meal was produced at
Norfolk and exported. A cash market in the
Richmond-Norfolk area expanded production,
particularly in North Carolina. That State
planted 170,000 acres as grain
alone, 578,000 acres with corn
and 184,000 acres as hay in 1939.

In Delaware, Maryland, Penn¬
sylvania and New Jersey pro¬
duction has been confined almost
entirely to the Wilson, a black
variety, valuable as a hay crop.

The black bean produces a dark
colored oil, and meal, and is not
suitable for processing. However,
the interest in the soybean in
the last three crop years in these
and some adjacent states is
brought out by this table:

(thousands have been omitted)

value, depending on markets. With certain
mineral supplements, soybean meal is a good
protein supplement for hogs. The meal is
excellent as a protein supplement in dairy,
poultry and hog feeds.

Much space has been devoted to the soy¬
bean as a source of raw material for plastics.
Thus far the demand for this purpose has
been small and it never would be missed.
However, some high pressure experimentation
is in process that may lead to something.

Soybean oil is unique in that it is the only
“triple threat” oil that is available in any
quantity — that is, it can be used as a food

1938

1939

1940

New Jersey . . .

.... 51

Pennsylvania .

.. .. 105

186

255

Delaware ..’...

.... 400

418

364

Maryland ....

. 165

162

216

Virginia .

.... 262

375

480

North Carolina

. . . .2015

2012

2282

South Carolina

.... 91

130

Total, thousand bus. 3089

3351

3765

Young Clyde Shook starts to work on the tractor on his family’s Columbia

County, New York, farm.

~ - j - -

These figures do not compare very favor¬
ably with Ohio, for example, which produces
nine to ten million bushels annually of
yellow beans, but they do indicate a trend.
However, the Ohio farmer gets close to the
Chicago market for his yellow beans. The
Eastern farmer has had a difficult time dis¬
posing of his black beans recently. After the
seed demand was satisfied, the best obtain¬
able was about $1 per bushel, as against a
Chicago market of $1.40 and up. Due to a
lack of cash demand in the East, a few cars
of yellow beans from Delaware were actually
shipped to a Chicago presser this past Spring.
This is “carrying coals to New Castle.” Theo¬
retically, the Eastern farmer should get
Chicago market plus freight,
less some variable deduction
for moisture.

The climate from New Jersey
and Pennsylvania on down South
is ideal for soybeans, the growing
season starting at 150 days and
increasing to the South. Rainfall
is ample, the New Jersey average
being 45 inches per year, and is
well spread over the growing
season with 21 to 24 inches, or
about one-half the year’s pre¬
cipitation, from April to
September.

Varieties most in favor besides
the black Wilson for hay, are the
yellow grain varieties — Manchu
and Harbinsoy. The New Jersey
State Agricultural College has just
come out with two new yellow
varieties, one of which the Chief,
will be available in 1942 and the
other as yet un -named and
known as Selection 31-4, will
propagate in 100 days and will
be ready for distribution in 1943.

In New York’s Finger Lakes area,

the Cayuga and Seneca varieties are under

trial.

In the past ten years, no new single article
of agriculture and commerce has had the free
publicity that has the lowly soybean. It has
been considered the panacea for all the
farmer’s ills.. It would enrich his soil, put
hay in his barn, give him a cash crop, fatten
his hogs and run his tractor, all at the same
time. Perhaps we had better look into some
of these claims and evaluate them.

In the first place, the soybean does not en¬
rich the soil. It is a legume and on its roots
can be found nitrifying bacteria; however,
the Delaware Station has proven conclusively

oil, in soap, and as a semi-drying oil in paints.
Current markets do not permit its use in soap
and the bulk of production is used as a raw
material for lard substitutes, that is, as food.
It is estimated that the New York metropolitan
district uses 1,000 tank cars of 60,000 pounds
each per annum. There are many other small
uses (Henry Ford even has a suit made of
the soybean), but livestock and humans are
the chief consumers. One Eastern concern
puts out 20 odd products in which the soy¬
bean is edible — literally everything from
soup to nuts, with sauce, candy, bread, break¬
fast food and baked beans in between.

As a producing area, the Atlantic Seaboard
can never compete with the wide flat corn

the year.

Photo — OP. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.

Golden Cross hybrid sweet corn at the Robson Farms in Hall, N. Y.; an
83-day corn, with stalks more than 6 feet high, ears 8 inches long, and 10
to 14 rows of brood medium yellow kernels. Robson Farms is finding it
profitable to wrap the freshly picked ears individually and ice and truck
them immediately to the metropolitan markets.

and wheat stretches of the Middle West. Its
value, however, in that country is largely as
a rotation crop, and in .hat role it has a place
in the East, particularly suited to potatoes and
tomatoes in New Jersey, to general crops in
Pennsylvania and to cotton and tobacco in
Virginia and the Carolinas.

In talking to many Eastern farmers, the
general query seems to be “Where can I get
a fair market price for my beans? I’d like
to raise them, but when I do, I have to give
them away.” The answer to that is a com¬
petitive cash outlet which will develop when
some manufacturer takes time to figure it out.

New Jersey J. L. Brewer

Starting a One-Family Farm

The one-family farm has certain advan¬
tages over the larger one. Travelling around,
observing, and talking, certain conclusions
are evident. The present emergency in the
national and international situation may
exert a great influence for the moment; but
when the emergency is over, the chances are
that in spite of “new dealish” ideas, we’re
going to go through another great readjust¬
ment process. The one-family farm is per¬
haps better situated to adjust to up and down
economics than any other type.

There are two general types of one-family
farms that are successful here in the north¬
east. Let’s consider the main features of each
and why they are successful.

The first type is the smaller
acrage farm that produces a series
of cash crops; these farms usually
have definite markets. I know a
good many of them and they de¬
vote just as much thought to
selling as they do to producing.
Part of the farms sell directly to
consumers, either through a road¬
side stand, or by running a route
to families which have learned to
buy quality products of them.
Part of them have developed a
special market with a high class
middleman, with stores, restau¬
rants, hotels, etc.

Studying this type of one-
family farming certain features
are evident as a foundation of
success. The farms produce a
series of crops from Spring until
late Fall. There is money coming
in during at least six months of
Most of them have a few things
which are specialties: asparagus, strawberries,
raspberries, tomatoes, melons, sweet corn,
and squash. This type farm tends to be on
main roads.

About two-thirds of the farms, according
to the writer’s observations, keep a flock of
hens, usually from one to two hundred, and
sell eggs at retail prices. “I can make about
two dollars a hen selling eggs at retail,” one
man told me, “while if I sell at wholesale it’s
below a dollar. We keep 200 layers and they
are a dependable part of our year’s income.”
About half the farms keep a cow and horse.
If I were running this type of farm I’d raise
all the hay and grain for both a horse and cow.

I’d raise a pig and a calf for
home meat needs, and sell the
surplus.

The second type farm is usually
located off the main roads, and
engages in a different program.
Most of the families run from six
to eight cows; they sell whole milk
as a rule; they keep a pair of
horses, usually raise some potatoes
to sell; butcher a pig or two in
Winter; keep a small flock of hens.

They buy the grain for the
livestock. The weakness of this
type of farming is evident. Too
much of the monthly milk check
goes to pay the grain bill. I
know farmers who work very
hard, but year after year, when
December comes all they have to
show for a year’s work is groceries
eaten, a few clothes, (very few)
taxes paid. I know one man who
gets up at five o’clock the year
round to milk eight or ten cows.
The buildings are gradually going-
downhill; the fences are going;
equipment is going out.

What’s the answer? Cream or butter would be
one source of cash from six to eight cows. All
food would be produced on the farm, legumes,
corn, oats, barley. I’d own a small grinding-
mill myself or with some neighbors. The best
heifer calves I’d raise to sell as milkers; two
or three steers would be started each season.
A bunch of pigs would be turned off Spring
and Fall. Fifty hens would give eggs to trade
for groceries. There would be money coming
in from several sources. I’d have a good
pasture. I’d farm as few acres as possible, but
make each acre produce to the limit. I’d have
a big kitchen garden and home raised fruits.
Massachusetts H. S. Pearson

532

RURAL. NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

More Days Wear

See your Ball-Band dealer
soon. Outfit all the family
with this better footwear.

MISHAWAKA RUBBER & WOOLEN MFC. CO., 305 WATER ST., MISHAWAKA, IND.

FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY
AND BLUEBERRY PLANTS

FOR FALL PLANTING: Complete
Line, Apple, Peach, Pear, Cherry
and other fruit and nut trees;
blueberry, boysenberry, strawberry,
raspberry, grape and asparagus
plants; flowering shrubs, shade trees
and evergreens. Selling direct with
.75 years experience, we guarantee
satisfaction. Send for free catalogue.
Bountiful Ridse Nurseries, Box R 101 -A, Princess Anne, Md.

FRUIT TREES

FALL PLANTING IDEAL
.# For Apple — Pear— Plum— Cherry

w We grow the trees “ u sell and have
57 YEARS back of bur guarantee
of satisfaction.

MALONEY BROS. NURSERY CO.. Inc.
13 Main St. Dansville, New York

MALONEY’S CATALOG FREE

BLUEBERRIES

FOR FALL PLANTING; Finest plants obtainable.

From reliable grower to YOU.

Free Folder. HOUSTON, HANOVER, MASS.

li; \ MTrn 300 Balsam Christmas Trees, 6-8
VV.rVIx| 1 LI/ ft. Bushy, well shaped. C. O. D.

Dankowski, 223 Conant St., Hillside, New Jersey

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, OCT. 4, 1941

FARM TOPICS

Starting a One Family Farm . 531

Sense and Sentiment . 536

A Message to Farm Friends . 537

Countryman’s Journal . 543

Rambling Along at Long Acres . 548

HORTICULTURE

The Defense Program and the Fruit

Industry . 530

Soybeans on the Atlantic Seaboard .... 531

Fruit Growers Meet . 532

Ruralisms . 534

Faith in Spuds . 535

New York’s Hop Industry . 535

Winter Wheat in Maine . 542

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Cows on the Road . 535

More Misinformation . 536

Greatest Industry in America . 537

A Good Milk Record . 537

Tales from the Tanbark . 538

Drying Off Heavy Milkers . 539

Lamb Feeding Prospects . : . 542

At the Earlville Sale . 542

Feeding Value of Bean Pods . 542

WOMAN AND HOME

The Home Executive . 540

Take Your Garden Inside . 540

Arts and Crafts Guild . 540

The Versatile Carrot . 541

What to do With Nuts . 541

THE HENYARD

Hens for Home Defense . 537

Raising Pullets in Fall . 545

Trouble With Vaccination . 545

Diarrhea and Sour Crop . 545

Cannibalism . 545

Lice on Ducks and Geese . 545

Vitamin E for Fertility . 545

Fattening Geese . 545

MISCELLANEOUS

Our Great Democracy . . 636

Jermond Family Murder . 536

Publisher’s Desk . 546

/mX£/VO0M/VC£ ■
LOS//V& m/VGS

2 EXTRA Zipper Pockets

behind the entire bib...

...YET COSTS HO MORE

Yes, big “safe - deposit” pockets
that shut tight with a zipper give
me a safe, convenient place to
keep money, papers, keys, valu-
ables.All the regular bib pockets,
- too. Safe - Deposit Overalls cost
me no more— but I get a lot more.

“ELEPHANT HIDE” denim

for longer wear

Sanforized
Shrunk (residual
shrinkage less
than 1%. test
CCC-T-191). Cus¬
tom sizes for cor¬
rect fit.CROWN-
HEADLIGHT,
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Improved BLUEBERRIES

Delicious U. S. Gov’t Hybrids, large as Grapes.
Plant this Fall and save a year.

2 Yr. Plant 50 cents each, $4 dozen, $30 per 100.
3-Yr. Bearing Plants $1 ea., $8 doz., $60 per 100.
GEO. A. MORSE - WILLIAMSON, N. Y.

Fruit Growers Meet

Promising new varieties of fruits,
most of them originating on the
grounds of the New York State Ex¬
periment Station, were the center of
attraction at the 22nd annual meet¬
ing of the New York State Fruit
Testing Association held in Geneva
on Thursday, September 18. The
group comprised more than 250
interested fruit growers, both pro¬
fessional and amateur, who cooperate
closely with truit specialists in test¬
ing out the new varieties being de¬
veloped at Geneva and elsewhere,
and believed to be worthy of trial
by growers.

The program at the meeting in¬
cluded visits to the fruit plantings

George A. Morse, President of the
New York State Fruit Testers Asso¬
ciation displays some of the new
varieties of apples to B. J. Case of
Sodus, prominent farmer and oldest
director of the association.

on the Station farm and an inspec¬
tion of the Association’s Nursery.
On the speaking program were Dr.
F. P. Cullinan, principal horticult¬
urist of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture; Dr. F. C. Bradford,
plant introduction bureau of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture;
T. A. Merrill, Fredonia, expert in
the grape growing section; Ernest R.
Clark, Spencerport; Willis C. Hender¬
son of Penn Yan; Dr. George D.
Oberlee, G. H. Howe, G. L. Slate
and Dr. B. R. Nebel of the Geneva
Station staff.

Dr. F. P. Cullinan stated that there
are a number of promising new
peaches, but that some of them
lacked desirable qualities, such as
being freestone. He said one of the
best freestones was the new Red
Haven which ripens ahead of the
Golden Jubilee. Red Haven is of
the Haven family of the Michigan

The Defense Program and
the Fruit Industry

(Continued from Page 530)
and all but replaced by the demand
for enough to sustain life.

For the Immediate future, the
prospects are for rising prices. The
government purchasing price of $1
a bushel this year compared with
75 cents in previous years, indicates
the way. The tendency will be for
growers to accept a little less for
their products than the market will
legitimately stand, and this they
should constantly guard against.

Most of this discussion has been
so far upon market outlets and
market opportunities. But upon the
production held, too, the defense
program will have its impact. In
the long run, the cost of production
must be kept down, largely by in¬
creased yields. Boarder trees and
odd varieties must be eliminated, a
balanced labor front must be main¬
tained as far as possible by such
means as diversification, by spread¬
ing the cherry harvest by using
nitrogenous fertilizer on part of the
orchard and not another, by shifts
of emphasis from one product to an¬
other, by less cultivation, by the use
of labor-saving tools and equipment,
by the use of low-cost common stor¬
age and farm cold storage, and by
reduced packing costs.

And finally must come a mental
adjustment in many individuals — an
adjustment that calls for closer co¬
operation with the group, greater
confidence in the leadership, and
willingness to accept a situation and
adjust to it rather than fight it. In
the words of the old army sergeant,
come what may, “You’ll like it! You
gotta like it!”

There should be more weekly

Dr. A. B. Stout, left, of the Botanical
Gardens of New York City, shows
Prof. A. J. Heinicke of Cornell
University, the new seedless grape
he has developed.

Station. Golden Jubilee comes from
New Jersey.

Ernest R. Clark praised the Crim¬
son Beauty, apple and report ng on
its “behavior,” said, “I never in my
life tasted better applesauce than
that made from Crimson Beauty
apples. “This particular variety
comes from Nova Scotia. He de¬
scribed the Milton as “the kingpin
of all early apples.”

George A. Morse, Williamson,
associaton president; Frank B. Smith,
Castleton, vice-president, and Dr.
U. P. Hedrick, Geneva, were re¬
elected directors. Fred A. Smith,
Hathorne, Mass., B. J. Case, Sodus,
Dr. A. J. Heinicke, Ithaca, and C. H.
Mills, Sodus, are also directors an¬
other year. Richard Wellington of
Geneva is secretary and treasurer.

The fruit growers plan to in¬
crease their membership so that the
organization can carry on its work
of testing new fruits under all kinds
of conditions to determine their
commercial worth. There are now
about 2,500 members in 47 states.

p. b. o.

Marion Davis, left, and Dorothy
Metcalf, display new apple varieties
at the New York State Fruit Testers
meeting. Miss Davis holds crab-
apples and Miss Metcalf two of the
new Miltons.

meetings of growers during the
pricing season, where prices can be
openly discussed and general tone
maintained. There should be a larger
membership in the State horticult¬
ural societies, in the Farm Bureau,
in the Apple Institute, and in grower
cooperative efforts in general. Be¬
cause. with the inci'easing system
of government by bureaus and
commissions and committees, which
is a part of every emergency, the
individual counts for less and is
side-tracked and imposed upon. An
organization has the prestige and
power to get results when an in¬
dividual cannot. And what is often
more important, there is always
within the group somebody who
knows somebody who knows some¬
body else, and in this way red tape
is cut and things are accomplished
not by frontal attack by resolution
and mass action of the organization
but by a move around the flank and
along the personal side!

These, then, are some of the things
that fruit growers as individuals and
as members of the group are think¬
ing about as the defense program
enlarges and comes into intimate
contact with the fruit industry. They
may not seem pleasant, even super-
flous to dwell upon, but there are
those who feel that they are here.

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(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales Tax)

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

533

MACHINE POWER

Defense work and the Army Draft
need not keep you from doing your
part to increase food production.
Get up-to-the-minute Power Farm¬
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while than ever.

For better tractors, combines,
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silo fillers,
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Mineola Fair Winners

The final list of awards as an¬
nounced by the judges of the Mineola
Fair held last month is as follows:

Sheep Awards. — Class 1, Merino
ram and three ewes, first prize won
by B. S. Townsend, of Interlaken,
N. Y. The remaining sheep first
prize awards were won by Mr.
Townsend, the second and third prize
for Class 9, one ewe Shropshire
Down, was won by Mr. Edward L.
Lord of Syosset, L. I.

Swine Awards. — The swine
awards were won by B. S. Town¬
send of Interlaken, with the excep¬
tion of Class 20, Tamworth Sow,
first prize being won by Edward C.
Lord.

Goat Awards. — French Alpines,
milking doe, first prize, H. L. Harris;
second prize Muriel and Adford
Peirce; third prize, R. L. Harris.
French Alpine, Yearling, first and
third prizes, C. R. Knight; second
prize, R. L. Harris. French Alpine
Kid, first prize, R. L. Harris; second
prize Muriel and Adford Peirce;
third prize, C. R. Knight. Rock
Alpines, Milking Doe, first prize,
Mrs. lone C. Roe. Rock Alpine Year¬
ling, first prize Mrs. lone C. Roe.
Rock Alpine, Kid, first prize Mrs.
lone C. Roe; second and third prize,
Sarah Czapek. Nubians, Milking Doe,
first prize, Chris Dahl; second prize,
Alan G. Baker; third prize, Freeman
Prasse. Nubian Yearlings, first prize,
Freeman Prasse; second prize, Muriel
and Adford Peirce; third prize Chris
Dahl, Nubians, Kid, first prize Alan
G. Baker; second prize Mrs. T. N.
Tyler; third prize, Muriel and Ad¬
ford Peirce. Saanans, first, second
and third prizes, Mrs. T. N. Tyler.
Saanans, Yearlings, first prize, Mrs. T.
N. Tyler; second prize C. R. Knight.
Saanans, Kid, first and second prizes,
C. R. Knight; third prize, John J.
Elar. Toggenbergs, Milking Doe, first
prize, Mrs. T. N. Tyler; second prize,
Gladys Kite; third prize, Helene C.
Metz. Toggenbergs, Yearling, first
pi'ize, Mrs. T. N. Tyler; second prize,
L. W. Goodman Sr.; third prize,
Helene C. Metz. Toggenbergs, Kid,
first and second prizes. Mrs. T. N.
Tyler; third prize, Gladys Kite.

Poultry Awards. — Dark Barred
Plymouth Rock. Hen, first prize,
Steward W. Osborne. Cockerel, first
prize, I. W. Van Sise. Pullet, first
prize, Steward W. Osborne. White
Plymouth Rock, Cock, first prize
Silas H. Andrews. Hen, first prize,
Silas H. Andrews. Cockerel, first
prize, Mrs. Helen Hay Whitney.
Pullet, first prize, Mrs. Whitney.
Buff Rocks, Cock, first prize, Steward
W. Osborne, also first prize for Hen
and Cockerel. Pullet, first prize
Charles V. Reeve. White Wyandotte,
Cock, first prize, I. W. Van Sise, also
first prize for Hen and Pullet.
Cockerel, first prize Harry Corfitgen.
Buff Cochins, first prize for Cock
and Hen won by Silas H. Andrews.
Light Brahma, first prize for Cock
won by George L. Ruch; first prize
for Cockei'el, Thomas Schimpf. Dark
Cornish, first prize, Silas H. Andrews
for Cock; first prize for Hen, Cockerel
and Pullet won by Maurice Rucker.
S. C. White Leghorns, first pi’ize for
Cock, won by Silas H. Andrews, also
first prize for Cockerel and Pullet;
first prize for Hen won by Mrs.
Trumps. S. C. Dark Brown Leghorn
and second prizes for Cock and Hen
won by Allan R. Griffith. White
Crested Black, first prize Cockerel
and Pullet won by Robert Bartels.
White Holland, first prize won by
Heintz Turkey Farm. White Japan¬
ese, Wm. F. Albers, first prize for
Cock and Hen. Rhode Island Red,
I. W. Van Sise, first prize Hen.

Short Course in Fruit
Growing

The Pennsylvania State College
now offers an intensive four weeks’
course of training to those interested
in commercial fruit growing. This
course provides practical instruction
in the production of tree and small
fruits. An opportunity is given for
students to practice approved
methods of pruning and care of
trees and other fruit plants, packing
and- storing of fruits, and identifi¬
cation of varieties, insects and dis¬
eases. Both principles and practices
are discussed in the classroom.

The course starts November 19 and
closes December 17. Complete details
may be be obtained by writing to the
Director of Short Courses, School of
Aguculture, State College, Pennsyl¬
vania,

Pedigree Is Important
in Your Shot Shells, too

WtNCHESTEi

*ANCTlf;

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STAtHl«5S

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Choose your shells on their record for re¬
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on half a century of consistently "delivering
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IT ONLY TAKES

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□ Illustrated literature. Estimate for protect¬
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tot RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

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ffhe FARMERS
SHOP BOOK

By Louis M. Roehl

^ A revised guide to
teach farm boys to
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9 This book contains
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Fainting, repairing and
refinishing furniture,
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# A 4*2 page cloth
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W 30th Street - New York City

City

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When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page.

Ruralisms

Perennial Euphorbias. — Most of
us are familiar with the annual
; mown as snow-on-the-mountam,
Euphorbia marginata, with white
bracts and upper leaves margined
with white. It is very showy, easily
grown in rather poor soil, and com¬
bines well with other flowers; it
sometimes becomes a nuisance be¬
cause it self -sows so freely. How¬
ever, we like it, and in spite of the
milky juice find it very attractive
as a cut flower. This Spring we
were attracted by a showy perennial
Euphorbia, which was in bloom the
latter part of April and on into May.

It was Euphorbia polychroma of the
trade lists, E. epithymoides of the
botanists. This plant grows about
a foot high, forming a hemispherical
clump as compact as if sheared,
topped by showy yellow flowers and
bracts. The foliage is neat, and the
whole plant attractive. This is a
hardy perennial from Eastern
Europe, said to have been intro¬
duced from Austria to English
gardens in 1805, but we have seen
few plants of it until this year. It
is now being planted freely, and
appears to be grown extensively by
nurseries catering to the suburban
trade. It thrives in a sunny situa¬
tion, preferring a porous soil that
is not very rich. This is an ex¬
cellent plant for the rock garden,
or for a rather dry perennial border.
The Euphorbias are commonly called
spurge or milkwort, so we may
properly call this plant Austrian
milkwort, though we have not met
with a common name for it. Another
pretty perennial Euphorbia is E.
Myrsinites, a fleshy plant of pros¬
trate growth with beautiful bluish-
green foliage. This has inconspicuous
yellow flowers in Spring, but is
grown for its handsome foliage. It
does well on stony ground, and is
an excellent plant for the rock
garden. Most of us know the
cypress spurge, E. Cyparissias, a
small, upright plant whose close
foliage and formal growth suggest a
tiny tree; the yellow flowers, appear¬
ing in Summer, are quite showy;
the plant itself is an excellent ground
cover for a sandy slope, and it is
useful in a dry rock garden. This
is often seen growing in old ceme¬
teries, and has become naturalized
along roadsides in many places here
in the East, though a native of
Europe. The flowering spurge,
Euphorbia corollata, is a perennial
of white flowers rather suggestive
of Gypsophila. It is useful for cutting,
and showy in the garden. Being a
native plant from Ontario to
Texas, it is thoroughly hardy. An
annual Euphorbia that seems less
popular than snow-on-the-mountain
is the Mexican fire-plant, E. hetero-
phylla. This makes a bushy branch¬
ing plant attaining a height of three
feet; the glossy leaves are variable
in shape and turn to a vivid red.
This plant is sometimes called the
garden or annual Poinsettia. In
addition to the common names of
spurge and milkwort, the Euphor¬
bias used to be called wolf’s milk,
in reference to the more or less
poisonous qualities of the milky
juice.

Small-Flowered Clematis. — Our
favorite, among all the small-
flowered varieties, is Clematis pani-
culata, the Japanese Virgin’s bower.
It blooms in late Summer, when the
whole vine is covered with a mass
of fragrant white flowers. The foliage
is attractive, deep green, and the
growth is luxuriant. The feathery
seeds are pretty as they dry, and
germinate readily. Clematis vitalba,
known as traveler’s joy or old man’s
beard, has very feathery seeds, more
so than the Japanese; this has small
white flowers borne in clusters from
July to September. The seed clus¬
ters resemble white floss silk. It
grows wild in the limestone districts
of the south and west of England,
especially on rough banks and rocky
slopes. C. crispa, sometimes called
the curly Clematis, is a slender vine
usually growing three or four feet,
having bell or urn-shaped flowers
an inch or so long, deep purple. It
is a native of our Southern States,
but as it is offered by northern
nurserymen we infer it is hardy. It
is said to grow to 10 feet in Florida
and Texas. There is one native

Clematis with bright scarlet flowers,
generally listed commercially as C.
coccinea, but known to botanists as
C. Texensis; it has urn-shaped scar¬
let flowers about an inch long, and
is really very pretty. Clematis
montana, an Asiatic variety, is very
vigorous., in growth, and blooms over
a long period; it is sometimes called
the anemone - flowered Clematis.
There are varieties with white, pink
and bluish flowers.

Non-Climbing Sorts. — The Clem¬
atis is not always a climbing vine;
several attractive varieties resemble
dwarf shrubs, some suitable for the
perennial border. C. recta, a native
of Southern Europe, makes erect
growth to a height of three feet;
it bears clusters of white flowers
during the Summer. The flowers are
about an inch across and very attrac¬
tive in form. An Asiastic variety of
this Clematis, C. recta Mandschurica,
is taller in growth; the flower clus¬
ters are borne on long stems, so
that they are very desirable for
cutting. It blooms in June and July.

C. Davidiana is a Chinese variety
having deep blue bell-shaped flowers
in August and September; the flow¬
ers are fragrant, and the foliage is
neat and pretty. Another of this
type is C. integrifolia coerulea, which
only grows about 18 to 24 inches
tall, so that it is suitable for the
perennial border. The flowers borne
from July to August, are a pretty
light blue. These herbaceous varie¬
ties of Clematis like a chalky or
limestone soil, with good drainage.
Where the soil is deficient in lime,
a good supply should be mixed in
when planting. The Clematis is a
member of the buttercup family,
which includes so many of our
ornamental plants. Any pruning
required by the vines should be done
when the plants are dormant, bloom
being produced on the wood of the
season. We usually cut C. paniculata
down to the ground in late Fall, as
it is such a rampant grower. The
native C. Virginiana is rather
suggestive of the Japanese variety
in growth, though not so showy.
There is a long list of varieties,
European American and Asiatic,
many little known in cultivation,
though of undoubted beauty.

The Silver King. — This is the
name commonly given to Artemisia
albula, a native of Texas, Colorado
and Southern California, but en¬
tirely hardy here in the North. It
is sometimes called “ghost plant.”
The foliage is white, with a soft
wool-like texture, the lower leaves
lobed, the upper linear, borne on
slender branches. It attains a height
of two to three feet, with a graceful
bushy habit. It is very attractive in
the perennial border making a fine
contrast with darker foliage. Sprays
may be cut in early Fall and dried
for winter bouquets; the foliage does
not drop, and it will last all Winter.
It is pretty alone, or mixed with
straw flowers. There are several
other Artemisias with white or
whitish foliage, one of the best
known being A. Stelleriana, common¬
ly called dusty miller or old woman.
The foliage is densely woolly. This
is a native of coastal regions in
Northern Asia and along our own
northern coast; it is a useful plant
for seaside gardens. The name dusty
miller is also given to a Senecio
(formerly called Cineraria) that is
a popular commercial bedding plant.
This is less hardy than the Artemisia,
though it may survive our Winters
in a sheltered place, but it is ordin¬
arily grown for Summer use only.
Another white-leaved Artemisia that
is highly praised is A. Ludoviciana,
which is said to be much hardier
than Silver King, and upright in
growth, instead of forming the arch¬
ing sprays which sometimes sprawl
too much in a mixed perennial
border. We have never cared for
the Chinese mugwort, A. lactiflora,
because it is too coarse for the aver¬
age perennial border, growing to a
height of four feet, but in August and
September it bears quantities of
small white flowers that are so fra¬
grant they perfume the whole
garden — reason enough to overlook
its rather uninteresting foliage if
one has sufficient space for it. The
Western sage-brush is an Artemisia
and the family includes several
plants used medicinally, as well as
the source of ill-reputed absinthe,
Artemisia Absinthium. E. T. Royle

Ibt RURAL NEW. YORKER

535

Faith in Spuds

New Jersey is generally known as
the Garden State of the nation and
when we consider the great variety
of crops grown in the State, it seems
entirely worthy of this designation.
The high quality of its Irish potatoes
is recognized everywhere and has
created a demand for them in all of
our eastern market centers.

From the edge of the Atlantic Cost¬
al Plain iry Mercer, Middlesex and
Monmouth Counties, New Jersey’s
potato belt stretches southwesterly
through Burlington, Cumberland and
Salem Counties and includes some
of the State’s most fertile soils.
Potatoes are most successfully grown
on loams of the Collingtob, Sassa¬
fras and Colts Neck series. Prevail¬
ing cultural practices make these
soils subject to serious erosions by
water and high winds.

Typographically, the potato belt
is in a level to gently rolling terri¬
tory, with most of the land having
a slope of between one and five per
cent. Potatoes are grown wherever
there is adequate drainage. The
maximum slope for efficient potato
culture varies with the soil type, but
few fields with more than a 12 per
cent slope are planted to this crop.

The climate is. temperate, and
precipitation is fairly uniformly dis¬
tributed through the year, the aver¬
age being between three and five
inches a month, and from 45 to 50
inches a year. Rainfall is usually in
the Fall, although short droughts
occasionaly occur in the Summer.

Last year, Monmouth County had
an average yield of 225 bushels per
acre. Some of the commercial farms
in the county really exceeded 300
bushels per acre. The highest yield
reported was 475 bushels which was
made on the county potato test with
only the average treatment and care
given to the crop in that section.
The usual fertilizer application was
about 2,000 pounds per acre of 5-8-7,
or slightly over half that amount of
so-called double strength fertilizer.
In Middlesex County the average
yield for last year was about 200
bushels per acre. This county has
many successful potato growers.
Among them is Clifford A. Stults,
who lives three miles west of Cran-
bury, N. J. He has a well arranged
farm of 100 acres, of which 72 acres
are planted in Irish potatoes. The
profits from this crop have enabled
him to build a modern home of nine
rooms equipped with two baths and
modern conveniences, and given him
a profitable income. His home is
supplied with steam heat, running
water, and electric lights.

In some years, Mr. Stults says, his
profits have been large and satis¬
factory, while in other seasons the
results occasionally have been dis¬
appointing but he feels quite sure
that the grower who sticks to the
game year after year is bound to
succeed. The only other crop grown
is wheat, comprising about 25 acres.
Fifty-five acres are planted in Irish
Cobbler potatoes and 17 acres in
Chippewas. Usually Mr. Stults be¬
gins planting about March 25. The
fertilizer he used is a homemade
mixture 4^/2 -10-9.

Last year’s yield on the Stults
farm was about 250 bushels to the
acre. These were marketed in 100-
pound sacks, with an average price
of 80 cents per sack. His cost for
picking and grading was eight cents
a sack. Most of the harvesting of
potatoes is done by special contrac¬

tors who bring in migrant laborers
from other states. This arrangement
relieves the grower of many worries,
especially in districts where farm
labor is scarce and hard to obtain.

John W. Wilkinson

Cows on the Road

On June 11, 1941, we had a cow
badly injured by an automobile. Our
barnyard is on the opposite side of
the pasture. Our hired man opened
the pasture gate, looked up and down
the road and seeing no car in sight,
let down the bars and started our
seven cows across the road. An
automobile, driven by a young man
(with no insurance on his car)
ploughed into the herd knocking one
cow 15 or 20 feet and badly in¬
juring it. This cow was valued at
$100 last Winter. Two more cows
were felled but not injured.

We have “cow pass” signs at
proper distances on each side of the
road. We had to sell the cow to a
butcher for $20 and the young man
agreed to pay something also. Since
then we have been informed that
he had taken counsel and does not
intend to pay anything, since under
the law one must have one man
with every four cows.

Will you please tell me if he is
correct on this question? h. d. r.

New York

There is no provision in the New
York State Highway Law limiting
the number of cattle crossing a high¬
way under the guidance of one
person. There may be a local or
village ordinance, however, regulat¬
ing the passage of cattle across a
road. In the absence of any such
local ordinance in this particular
case, the driver of the car appears
to be wholly at fault and responsi¬
ble for the damages to the owner
of the cow.

New York’s Hop Industry

Hop growing in New York State
has increased from 29 acres produc¬
ing 14,000 pounds in 1933 to 210
acres with ji production of 205,000
pounds in 1940. Although still a
minor crop in the State, hop grow¬
ing has made a remarkable increase
during the last eight years, and from
all indications will continue to ex¬
pand in certain favored areas in the
State. In 1933, six growers had 29
acres of hops which produced 14,000
pounds or about 463 pounds per acre.
In 1940, 55 growers were cultivating
210 acres which produces 205,000
pounds, or 976 pounds per acre.

The Geneva Experiment Station
has been engaged in variety and
cultural tests with hops and in ex¬
periments on the control of diseases
of hop vines, both in experimental
hop yards near Water ville and in
commercial yards for several years.

Most of the hop yards in New
York" State are located in Franklin,
Lewis, Schoharie and Oneida Coun¬
ties, where a combination of soil and
climatic factors prevails that is most
conducive to the development of
high quality hops possessing the
aroma for which New York hops are
famous. “State” hops as the New
York product is called in trade, have
long commanded a premium over
other domestic hops because of their
aroma, and in this respect are re¬
garded by brewmasters in general
as approaching or equalling European
hops, the supply of which is now
shut off. p. b. o.

Harvesting Irish Potatoes on a New

Jersey Farm.

IT’S "

4 WHEELS THAT MAKE
THE DIFFERENCE

The farm year is a twelve-
month year, a four-season
year. Isn’t it just good business then
to select a four-season tractor, that
will do all your work, whenever you
want it done?

That’s why the Ford Tractor with
Ferguson System is a four-wheel trac¬
tor. It has four-wheel stability and
flexibility. And it has automobile
steering — the first tractor to have that
— for easier handling.

It takes care of the plowing, the
cultivating — the usual field work on
the farm. And it also takes care of the
hundred and one odd jobs, the off¬
season jobs, that are making farms
more livable and more profitable.

This four-wheel, four -season
tractor is no dainty two-row
cultivating machine, that can’t do
much besides. It’s a man’s machine,;
built to do anything you ask of it. Yet
it drives like a baby buggy if you want
the boy to run it.

Winter, or whatever you call it in your
part of the country, is not a vacation
season for the Ford Tractor. It doesn’t
stop with field work. You can use it
twelve months in the year, on the road,
in the wood lot, in the gravel pit,
wherever there is work to be done. It
has the power, the mobility, the
adaptability, to get more work out of a
gallon of gas than you ever thought
possible.

Pull two 14-inch plows, or a
big two-gang disc, or make the
vegetables grow in your kitchen garden
— it’s all part of the day’s work with
the Ford Tractor with Ferguson Sys¬
tem. The System does it: the Ferguson
System, an exclusive method of attach¬
ing and controlling the implement —
that makes every ounce count.

This is the best month in the year
to investigate this four -season equip¬
ment — to prove our statements on
your own farm. Just ask the nearest
Ford Tractor dealer to put it through
its paces for you.

The Ford Tractor with Ferguson
System is sold nationally by the
Ferguson -Sherman Manufacturing
Corporation, Dearborn, Mich.,
and distributed through dealers
in every part of the country.

GETS ALL YOUR WORK DONE ON TIME

536

lb RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMERS TAPER
Established 1S50

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Oo., Inc. 333 West 30th St., New lork

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vi6e- president William A. O’Brien, Secretary.

William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworth, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Charles Mrs. K. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes’ between our subscribers and honest,
responsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end, but such cases should not be confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

Our Great Democracy

Part IX

ELEVEN provisions of the Constitution affect
human, social and property rights. They
follow and should be read and reread until
they are familiar to every American. It is
worthy of note that to establish justice is
indicated as the first purpose of the Union.

ARTICLE I — Congress shall make no law re¬
specting an establishment of religion, or pro¬
hibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging
the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble and
to petition the government for a redress of
grievances.

ARTICLE II — A well regulated militia being
necessary to the security of a free state, the right
of the people to keep and bear arms shall not
be infringed by law.

ARTICLE III — No soldier shall, in time of
peace, be quartered in any house, without the
consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but
in a manner to be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE IV — The right of the people to be
secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects,
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall
not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but
upon probable cause, supported by oath or
affirmation, and particularly describing the place
to be searched and the persons or things to be
seized.

.ARTICLE V — No person shall be held to an¬
swer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime,
unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval
forces, or in the militia when in actual service,
in time of war or public danger; nor shall any
person be subject for the same offense to be twice
put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be com¬
pelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty
or property, without due process of law, nor
shall private property be taken for public use
without just compensation.

ARTICLE VI — In all criminal persecutions the
accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
public trial by an impartial jury of the state
and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been pre¬
viously ascertained by law, and to be informed
of the nature and cause of the accusation; to
be confronted with the witnesses against him;
to have compulsory process for obtaining wit¬
nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of
counsel for his defence.

ARTICLE VII — In suits at common law, where
the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
dollars C$20), the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall
be otherwise re-examined in any court of the
United States than according to the rules of the
common law.

ARTICLE VIII — Excessive bail shall not be
required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
and unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE XIII — Neither slavery nor involun¬
tary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly con¬
victed, shall exist within the United States or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.

ARTICLE XIV — No state shall make or enforce
any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States, nor
shall any state deprive any person of life,
liberty, or property, without due process of law,
nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
the equal protection of the laws.

ARTICLE XIX— The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any state
on account of sex.

Three great principles and ideals of the
Declaration of Independence are adopted by
the Constitution. They include, justice, equal
rights, liberty and humanity. These basic
principles have been enumerated briefly as
follows:

1. The government exists for the benefit
of the people.

2. The powers of the government arise and
abide in the people themselves.

3. All men are equal in the eyes of the
law and are entitled to the same opportunity
of life.

More Misinformation

ANOTHER typical example of League
propaganda, designed to mislead and
confuse their own membership, now comes
to light.

It has been the regular practice of League
officials to pay their producers IIV2 cents less
in cash than the monthly price set under the
Federal Order. The League contracts with
members exempt the management from pay¬
ing the same price as other dealers and the
Federal Order sanctions this “contract
exemption” racket.

The League price of $2,295 for August,
however, was I8V2 cents less in cash than the
uniform price of $2.48 and League officials
have gone to great pains to enumerate any
number of vague and spurious reasons why
they are being “forced” to pay 7 cents less
than usual.

Along with this announcement comes the
report, from unimpeachable sources, that the
cooperative payments of 4 cents a cwt. claimed
by the Dairymen’s League under the Order,
have been withheld for the past few months
because of non-compliance by League officials
with provisions of the Order, among them
being the requirement imposed on all handlers
to submit monthly producer payrolls giving
the names of all producers and the amount
of money paid to each one for his milk.

This payroll information was requested of
all dealers last March. The request was then
made a part of the Order under the July 1
amendments. Still, according to the report,
the League has refused to give the information
although every other dealer, cooperative or
otherwise, has already done so.

It is clear, therefore, that this reduced
August price is due, not to any of the bogus
reasons publicly assigned but principally be¬
cause of an arbitrary refusal to give infor¬
mation which will be of benefit to the entire
industry. Equally clear is it that the League
management is still unable to operate its
business without special handouts and sub¬
sidies, in this case well over $100,000 on
withheld cooperative payments, and is still
up to its old tricks of hoodwinking its own
membership with misinformation.

The Jermond Family Murder

IT is nearly 1 1 years since the people of
Dutchess County were aroused by the
most atrocious crime on a dairy farm that
has ever been reported. At Stanfordville,
Dutchess County, New York, the Jermond
family, consisting of father, mother, daughter
and son were brutally stabbed to death in
the evening. The father was attacked while
milking the cows, the mother and daughter
were preparing for the Thanksgiving feast.
The son of 10 was the last to be attacked. He
tried to hide under the hay wagon but was
dragged from his protection and cruelly
murdered. The weapon used by the murderer
was a butcher knife. Reports of this crime
stirred not only the people of Dutchess County
and of the State but of the nation as well.

The local people and farmers of the county
were quieted with the assurance that the
murderer would be apprehended and
punished. An investigator drew thousands
of dollars to no effect. Suspicion centered on
one man. He was arrested but never tried.
The crime remains as a reproach to the
official authorities of Dutchess County.

The good people of the county fear that
the crime has been hushed up and, if neglected
longer, may never be solved. In consequence
a demand has grown for an honest investiga¬
tion of the crime.

It is not the duty of an agricultural publi¬
cation to enforce the county law, but it is its
privilege to insist on the protection of the
property and lives of farmers. Assuming this
duty, we appeal to the County Attorney and
the Governor of the State for a review of the
evidence that seems to furnish the motive and
the incentive for the crime.

Sense and Sentiment

I am 73 years old. I was raised near the
medicine waters in Southern Delaware. I went
to a clapboard schoolhouse and we had slab
benches to sit on. There were holes in the school
floor. It was raised on brick stub piers, like all
buildings were, on account of termites. Hens used
to scratch under the schoolhouse and some of
us children — we hadn’t ought to have done it —
used to bend pins and put a grain of corn on
each one. We tied a string to the pin and let it
through a hole in the floor, fastening it so the
string could not be seen by teacher.

Scratching hens would come on a grain of
the corn now and then and there was a squawk¬
ing and fluttering that stopped lessons until the
pin pulled out.

Those days we never grew much truck; just
tended our corn and wneat and orchards and
hay and hogs and cattle and poultry and nobody
got much chance to get in debt and everybody
willing to work was happy.

I went to Baltimore and there they had gas
m the houses and to light the streets and a man
to go round and turn the street lights on and
out at the proper time. In that big town only
the very rich were as well off as we were out
here in the country. The poor were all planning
for the time they could get a little country place
for themselves and thinking of it as heaven,
which it would have been to them.

My father heired the place I am on. I heired it
from him as he did from his father who heired
it from his father who heired it from his own
father who cleared it of white oaks for the ship¬
builders in Vienna in the time of the Revolution.

The old farm supported big families in all
those generations and none ever had need to
put a plaster on it until me. But me, I’ve got
myself into a mess. Me and the madam decided
our young ’uns were as good as other peoples’
and deserving of as good a chance as anybody.
They were all bright at school and the principal
encouraged us to put them through college. I
had to borrow to do it. They went through college
all right, all of them graduated and don’t you
think it didn’t cost me anything. They all have
good jobs now, but not on the farm. They make
good money, big money but seems they learned
they had to spend big money to live like they’d
learned. None of them but’s worrying all the
time trying to make three ends meet; their in¬
come on one side and their expenses and their
“front” on the other.

When I realized how things were and that I
would have to take care of the mortgage myself
if it was to be lifted at all, I felt desperate. It
could not be done by ordinary farming I knew.
I was thinking about it when I got a letter from
the production credit man. I talked my troubles
over with him and he showed me how I could
increase income by intensifying my farming. I
borrowed more and intensified. Markets and
weather have been none too good. I increased
income near a hundred per cent. But expense
increased out of all proportion. Now I’m so deep
in the hole I have no hope of ever getting out;
all me and the madam hopes for is that we’ll
be able to hang on until the graveyard the old
woodchopper started' on the place holds our bones.

Young man, don’t let any of these alphabets
persuade you to get into debt. Old Timer

Milk and Cream Supply

Receipts at the New York metropolitan area for

July, 1941 , - 40-qt. Units - ,

New York . 2,166,627 99,634 52,386

New Jersey . 505, 546 3,438

Pennsylvania .... 430,842 8,569 3,881

Vermont . 143,390 6,019 50

Maryland . 21,003

Ohio . 2,030 210

Massachusetts . . . 13,292

Indiana . 1,237 3,332 750

Connecticut . 17,007

Wisconsin . 1,010

Delaware . 201

Total July, 1941.3,298,944 124,032 57,478

Total, July, 1940.3,153,960 124,327 58,076

New York furnished 65.7 per cent of the milk
and 80.3 per cent of the crean coming into the city
for all the month of July, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Brevities

Three large shipments of tulip bulbs from
England have been received here. More are on
the way, making probable receipts around 20,-
000,000 bulbs.

Crooked breast bones in chickens are believed
by some to be inherited weakness. Lack of bone¬
forming material in the ration is doubtless a con¬
tributing cause.

“The law of the Lord is perfect, converting
the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure,
making wise the simple. The statutes of the Lord
are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment
of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes.”
Psa. 19:7-8.

“Concord grapes are miserable tasting things”
said one city consumer. He was right, because
those grapes were unripe. The last few days on
the vine, bringing them to “dead ripeness,” or
near that, makes a great difference in quality.

The State Health Officer of North Carolina
recommends as “protective agencies for proper
nutrition of our bodies, the use of 100 per cent
more vegetables and fruit; 70 per cent more
tomatoes; 35 per cent more eggs; 20 per cent more
milk; and 15 per cent more butter.”

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

537

Greatest Industry In America

WE opposed the Bargaining Agencies and
the Federal-State Orders because their
purpose clearly was to renew the power of
the Big-3 to fix the price of farmers’ milk.
We knew the pretense that they were in¬
tended to benefit farmers was false. It took
only about five months to prove that the
Bargaining Agency set-up was a dealers’ trick.
And the plight of producers today is full
justification of our • opposition to it. The
real purpose of both these plans was to
authorize dealers to fix the price of milk to
farmers at less than the cost of production.
We said so. Now the dealers’ stooges admit it.
The facts prove it.

But when amendments to the Orders were
proposed to cut some of the dealers’ graft and
increase the return to producers in the
amount of about $5,000,000 a year, we advised
farmers to vote for the amendments. Again,
when the Young Committee admitted the
failure of the Federal-State regime to pay
farmers as much as the cost of production and
demanded a price that would do so, we had
no faith in the intentions or purposes of the
Big-3 as represented in the Committee, but
we approved the demand for the increase,
because we knew that farmers had been pro¬
ducing milk for months at a loss.

Some of our good friends who agreed with
us fully in opposition to the Federal-State
Orders think that it is not consistent to oppose
the Orders and then approve their measures.
They say that they fear we are changing our
policy as to the present regime. We can see
how some of the stooges may think it to their
advantage to say so. But let us have an end
to such fears. If the milk dealers tied a
farmer’s hands and feet and threw him into
deep water, and left an end of their rope
after them when they left their victim to
drown, we would not hesitate to use the
dealers’ rope to save their victim’s life.
Economically they have tied the milk pro¬
ducer hand and foot. Many a farm life has
perished in our 70 years of observation. Who
would chide us for using the dealers’ rope to
save their victim’s physical or economic life?

Let us be candid and frank. Dealers and
their subversive stooges have conspired and
intrigued for 70 years for power to fix the
price of farmers’ milk. Farmers had them
licked in 1916, but the farm leaders soon
conspired with the defeated dealers, and by
an act of perfidy, surrendered the farmers
whom they professed to serve, into the deal¬
ers’ power. For 20 years they have maintained
the most sinister racket on record. They have
lied to farmers, deceived them and defrauded
them. They have conducted the longest sus¬
tained racket on record to bolster up a ruth-'
less monopoly of which they are a part.

In the early days of their alliance with
Borden’s, six different times these League
tricksters pleaded tolerance and compromise.
This was a policy to pretend an interest in
the dairy farmers whom they betrayed and
virtually robbed. The facts are on record.

With this record, we just cannot take their
change of heart seriously. The story of in¬
trigue, deceit and fraud stands out plain on
every page of the record for 20 years. The
League’s original paid in the racket was to
break up the dairy farmers’ unity. Its past
since has been to keep them divided. During
the first years of the Borden Alliance when
those six different attempts at producer unity
were made, the League leaders defeated every
one of them. Farm unity meant farmers’
power to negotiate the price and terms for
the sale of their milk. Farmers divided meant
and still means the triumph of the Big-3.

Restore farmers’ inherent rights to control
their own business and the dairy business
will become the greatest industry in America.

They Do It Themselves

ORE than a year ago I had the pleasure
of an invitation to visit Middletown
Springs, Vermont, and discuss milk market¬
ing with the local dairymen, their wives,
sons and daughters. They represented dairy
groups at their best. We discussed the benefits
of a farm-owned plant, and operation through
a real cooperative and farmers’ control. I
knew they had the ability and spirit to make
a success of such an enterprise. Last June I

wrote Mr. Thurston Lewis, the President of
the cooperative, with the purpose of telling
what had been done. He told it all so much
better than I could, I am writing it in the
main as he wrote it.

“Since your visit we have been working
hard to perfect our organization and keep
things running smoothly and well. But we
do feel, as we pause a moment to look back,
that we have made real stable progress and
can look to the future when we will as a co¬
operative own a home of our own and be
able to get at least a small share of the profits
that are apparently made off our milk.

“We opened our milk plant on October 1,
1940 with 70 producers and an average of
about 270 full cans of milk. We now have
92 producers and over 400 full cans of milk.

“On June 1, 1936 the milk producers here
were notified by the Borden’s Sussex milk
plant then operating here, that the plant
would close on June 10 and that all arrange¬
ments had been made for us to ship our milk
to the Dairymen’s League plant at Poultney,
Vt. This was all so simple, but we did not
feel that way. We appointed a committee of
11 which negotiated with Gold Medal Farms
in Buskirk, N. Y. We voted unanimously to
ship our milk there and in the meantime a
committee of five was appointed to form a
cooperative with a view to build a plant.

“After much opposition from the League
we succeeded in gettmg a few thousand
dollars together, keeping 98 per cent of our
original producers with us and buying a site
here in town for a proposed new creamery.
In March, 1940, we voted to proceed to build
a plant.

“About May 1, 1940 contracts were signed
by us with Anthony Russo, 214 East 2nd St.,
Brooklyn, N. Y., for the erection of a modern
cement block building, with glazed tile in¬
side. This building is some 67 feet wide and
about 70 feet deep, partly two stories, windows
are metal sash, all floors of tile brick and
side walls of glazed salt tile. This building
was completed in August, 1940.

“We secured Claude Larrow as manager.
He works with farmers for the best quality
of milk.

“Now perhaps the cart is just ahead of the
horse and you may be wondering where the
Santa Claus was that furnished all this money.
We were fortunate in having five directors
and a treasurer and secretary, who had a
wide acquaintance throughout the county and
some business experience.

“For over 10 years there had been a milk
fund set up by Mr. Copeland, a New York
broker, who was a former farmer in our town.
This fund was for the benefit of the local
dairymen. Through the good interest of the
trustee of that fund, Mr. Wilkinson, it was
arranged to buy a site for us from the
proceeds of that fund. Then the farmers
created a credit of $10,000 by filing notes,
secured with milk orders, which furnished
excellent security with the Rutland County
Bank. In this way we were able to secure
enough money for the erection of the plant
which has a valuation of $21,800.

“A down payment was made on the equip¬
ment and a credit contract for the remainder.
We are making further payments regularly.
We can see the end of this debt. The value
of the equipment came to $33,208.

“We made a satisfactory contract with
Gold Medal Farms of New York for the pur¬
chase of our milk and through this contract
we derive a tidy sum to pay on the debt each
month.

“We deduct five cents per cwt. from each
farmer toward the payment of his note. Stock
is issued to each farmer in shares of $10
each.

“On final inspection of the plant the New
York City Board of Health officials told us
that we had one of the most modern receiv¬
ing stations in the East.

“We are taking new producers on as fast
as possible and hope by the time of our first
annual meeting as a cooperative operating a
live milk plant, that we will have over 100
active producers.

“Our present and original directors of the
cooperative are Thurston Lewis, president,
C. J. Wilbur, vice-president, Ellis Cramton,
George Cone and Jeffery Powers. A. W.
Cramton is secretary and treasurer.”

A Message to Farm Friends

Part II

AS has been already pointed out, the
Albany autocrats are backed and urged
by many selfishly interested groups — dealers
in building supplies, school supplies and
school busses, etc. who expect to reap profits
in increased sales. To these groups has been
added the New York Teachers’ Association
and the teachers, either because they find it
a help in obtaining positions or because they
think it will lead to higher salaries or because
they honestly believe the propaganda that
has been spread and know nothing of rural
conditions and of the unfairness of centrali¬
zation in actual practice, are often active in
helping the Department in its vicious scheme.

The farmers must fight a powerful organized
faction with money, power and influence but
they can win, they must win and they will
win but they must start now. Every person
who reads these lines and is interested in
efficiency, economy and equality of oppor¬
tunity in education can do something to help!

1. If you do not know about the work the
Rural School Improvement Society has been
doing write to D. Boyd Devendorf, R. D. 1,
Amsterdam, N. Y., president, or to A. D.
Ostrander, Knowlesville, N. Y., secretary

2. If you already know of the Society, tell
your neighbors about it and see that your
local district joins!

3. Write to Hon, Herbert Rapp, Darien,
Y. and to the New York State Board of
Regents, 80 Center St., New York City, and
tell them that you demand an investigation
of the methods used in centralizing schools,
ask them why the Warrensburg School
Board was allowed to get around the law re¬
quiring a two-thirds vote for bond issues over
10 per cent of the assessed valuation, and why
the same Board was allowed to refuse to
follow the law requiring that the voters of
the district be allowed to vote on the question
of decentralization. Remember your district
may be next! Write today, the few cents
postage will be well invested.

I was born and raised in rural New York.

I taught for six years in the rural schools of
the State. I know rural people and their
problems and I know they can win this fight.

I want to challenge any centralizer in the
State to a free and open public debate on the
question of compulsory centralization or on
the right of the rural people to be guaranteed
representation on central school boards now
m existence. I dare the Albany autocrats and
selfish groups with “axes to grind” to bring
this question out in the open now and let the
people of the State know the whole truth
instead of using the usual blitzkreig methods
of the centralizers! John S. Hall

Hens for Home Defense

Th* VERT farm should have a flock of good
pullets to house each Fall. These " can
either be raised annually as a part of the
regulai farm program, or pullets can be pur¬
chased each Fall ready to lay. The size of the
flock should be dependent on the needs of
the family for eggs and poultry meat, as well
as the added income from eggs and meat for
sale. Make the unit of such a size that it will
merit and receive proper care and attention.

Looking at this problem from a purely
nutritional point of view, poultry meat and
eggs are among the most delicious of foods.
Eggs are rated as one of the best protective
foods. So from the personal point of view
of the farm family, a flock of hens mean
better food and better health.

Diversity of production is now and always
has been good farm planning. To have eggs
^ more than one basket” is helpful in
assuring a more satisfactory, as well as a
more evenly distributed income.

Treat the pullet crop as a cash crop, and
give it the same careful attention that you
would a prize stallion or an advanced regis¬
tered cow. A few hens may scratch for their
living, pick up refuse grain, bugs and worms
and lay a few eggs in the Spring, when any
old hen will lay. But foe real satisfaction
and profit, the hens should be well housed,
well fed and managed. Make the hens pay
a profit and help feed the family.

538

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

If the first hundred years are the
hardest then the New York State
Fair has made a great start for a
second hundred successful years.
This year saw a real return to live¬
stock interests, stimulated by in¬
creased prices and the necessity of
more livestock food products for
National Defense.

Dairy Cattle

The Holsteins marched down the
tanbark trail and paraded to the tune
of 310 head strong. It was a great
Black and White show. Superinten¬
dent R. Austin Backus performed
yoeman service in keeping the over¬
crowded arena properly and suita¬
bly allocated to the kings and queens
of livestockdom. Paul Misner, Elli-
cott City, Md., performed an excellent
judging job and pinned the ribbons
in a manner pleasing to exhibitors
and spectators. Junior calf was won
by Harry W. Petzold, Newark Valley,
on a promising youngster. Highland
Stock Farm, Clarence Collins,
Malone, entry won senior bull calf.
Junior yearling went to Saltland
Farms, Fred J. Saltsman, Cortland.
Senior yearling bull was won by
the entry of Baker Farm, W. A.
Baker, manager, Exeter, N. H., on
Huntsdale Ormsby Invincible 789255,
he going on to win the Junior
Championship. Baker Farm topped
the Senior bulls with Baker Farm
Jonnie Walker 782989, he winning
the Senior and Grand Purples. Re¬
serve Champion was won by the aged
bull entry of Blount Lumber Com¬
pany, Lacona, on Prilly Bessie Segis.
Harold J. Haven, Heuvelton, won
the blue on his three year old
entry.

Holstein Females: Junior calf, 1.
The Wait Farms, Auburn. 2. Petzold.
The Senior heifer calf class was one
of the greatest groups of Holsteins
ever to parade before a judge. The
Wait Farms topped with Wait
Farm Honorable Sabina 2195407,
their second entry was a close run¬
ner-up. Junior Year and and Junior
Championship won by George W.
Chapman, Ontario, N. Y. N. J. E. S.
Conqueror Eris Justina. Senior Year,
1. John Maxon, Homer. Two year,
1. Wait; 2. Smithland Farms, Fayette¬
ville. Three Year, 1 Smithland; 2.
Baker. Four year, 1. Wait; 2. Wooster
Fruit and Dairy Farm, Inc., Union
Hill. Four Year, 1. Wait; 2. Wooster.
Aged, Senior and Grand champion,

I. B .Mitchell & Son, LaFargeville,
on Penet Aaggie Pontiac 1629241.
Baker Farm dominated the Holstein
group classes. The Alasa Farm Tro¬
phy was won by the Holstein entry,
Triple Willow May Vale Piebe
1712138, from the herd of R. M. and

J. H. Stone, Marcellus. She produced
7.38 lbs. butterfat and 193.3 lbs.
milk in the 72 hours required.

In the Guernsey division it was
McDonald all the way except in
Junior Yearling bulls. This class was
topped by the entry of Birch Brae
Farms, Dr. J. R. MacElroy & Son
(Douglass) Jonesville, on Chedco
Dividend 286204. Reserve and Senior
Championship went to -McDonald
Farms Supreme Blend 276554, Junior
and Grand Champion bull was won
by McDonald Farms Prediction. The
get of “Prediction” will be heard
from with increasing frequency at
leading dairy cattle shows. McDonald
Farms, J. M. McDonald, owner; K.
C, Sly manager, are to be congratu¬
lated on their great breeding and
show herd. Sunny Hill Farm, Earl
W. Holcomb & Sons, Tunnel, won
Senior heifer calf class, and were
strong in the bull classes. Central

Tales From the Tanbark

By R. W. Duck

Chenango County won the D.H.I.A.
Guernsey class. Herbert S. Crumb
was first in cows 400 lbs. fat or
over with Riverview Floss 510311.
Judge R. J. McKenzie, Ipswich,
Mass., and Observing Judge R. H.
Olmstead, State College, Pa., placed
last years National Champion,
Smuggler Farms Reward’s Lass
478417 over Foremost Old Rose
542603 in the aged cow class. Both
arb owned and were exhibited by
McDonald Farms. “Smuggler” show¬
ing in great form went through to
win Senior and Grand Purples.
Reserve Champion was awarded to
the three year old McDonald Farms
Dewdrop 638745.

Jerseys presented a uniform ex¬
cellence throughout, giving Prof. S.
M. Salisbury, judge, a good workout.
The entry of Edmond Butler, Brook
Farm, Chester, topped the bull calf
class. Mrs. H. B. Crowgey & Sons,
Elkton, Md., entry won the Junior
Year bull class. Junior and Grand
Championship honors went to Right
Royal Blitzkreig 413100, owned and
exhibited by R. M. Brodrick & Son,
Mansfield, Pa. Senior and Reserve
Champion bull to Mrs Crowgey &
Son, _on_ Diana’s Beautiful Peer
383093. Heifer calf to entry of Silver
Spring Farms, John Luchsinger &
Sons, Syracuse. The Luchsingers, as
usual, showed strong throughout.
Butler won first on his Junior Year
entry. The Senior year entry of
Crowgey’s, Bold Dorothy Dix
1258429, was awarded the Junior
Purple. The entry of Tye-Nee Farm,
A. M. Thomson & Son, Walton,
topped the two-year olds. The beauti¬
ful three-year old entry, Design
What A Chance 1181908, of
Crowgey’s won Senior and Grand
Championship female honors.

Dayid Gibson, Port Chester,
judged the Ayrshires. This noted
four per cent hardy breed of dairy
cattle presented uniform excellence
throughout. Tops were as follows:
Bulls, Calf, 1. and Junior and Re¬
serve Champion, Gerald and Warren
Evans, Georgetown, on Whitpain
Royal Man 65174. In the other bull
classes the entries of Clover Crest
Farm, M. & W. Cheeseman, Ellen-
burg Depot; Cold Stream Farm,
Ralph E. Lewis, Mooers; Rosell H.
Mather, Marcellus; Robert Haynes &
Sons, Tully; Blue Ridge Farm, Butler
& Maurice D. Dewey, Syracuse; and
Gould Bros. & Sons, South Kortright,
presented strong competition. Cold
Stream Farm won Senior and G. C.
Purple on their entry, M. C. C.
Cherrard Canary 62756. The entry
of Gould’s was first in heifer calves.
Clover Crest won Reserve Champion¬
ship on their Junior Year, C. C.
Bonnie Flossie 235930. They were
also first on Senior Year. Cold
Stream carried the tops for the re¬
maining female classes, their entry,
Miss Patricia 219356, winning Senior
and Grand Championship.

Prof. E. S. Harrison, Ithaca, judged
the Brown Swiss. The breeding and
entries of D. N. Boice, Churchville,
predominated in the ribbon awards.
Exhibitors included, D. N. Boice;
Goodwin Bros., Guilford; F. L.
Jewett & Son, Munnsville; L. G. &
J. L. Boyd, Livonia; Domonic
Zoaldi, LeRoy; Helen Goodwin;
Albert Gahwiler, Auburn; Kathleen
Snell, Gloversville; and Walter
Weaver, Cobleskill.

Beef Cattle

Sidney Smith, Lake Orion, Mich.,
capably judged the beef cattle. Hol¬
comb Hereford Farms, John E. Red¬
man, owner, Holcomb, presented an
excellent array of the white faces.
As might be expected this herd is
making real progress in breeding,
fitting and feeding Herefords that are
a credit to the breed. It is under the
capable management of Robert
Genereaux. His father, the late
Augustus, was one of the pioneer
steer feeders and Hereford breeders
in New York State. He taught me
much, and it was a privilege to have
had his friendship and counsel.
Champion Purple went to the Hol¬
comb entry on Shelburne Mixer
2992146. Reserve Champion bull to
Holcomb on Gold Nugget 8th
3127294. Cornell won Champion
female on Verona Tone 10th 3251399.
Reserve Champion female to Car-
Mar Hereford Ranch, Carl H. Frink,
LaFargeville on C. M. Frances Lou
3034982.

The bonnie blacks presented an
array well demonstrating the maxi¬
mum to be attained by beef on the
hoof. Clayton C. Taylor,

Lawtons, senior bull en¬
try, Repeater of Wheat-
land 9th 544652, won
Senior and Grand Cham¬
pionship. Fuerst Stock
Farm, Pine Plains, and
Bethel Farm, Inc., Dale
Fletcher, manager, Pine
Plains took the tops in
the remaining bull class¬
es. Fuerst winning Re¬
serve on Globe Hill
Karamar 612587. Fuerst
won Senior and Reserve
Championship female on
Kepi of Cresthill 580542.

Bethel won Junior and
Grand Purple on Bethel
Georgianna 625074.

The Junior Division
Champion steer of Clif¬
ford Jordon, Frisky, a
Hereford went through

by Prof. Robert Hinman, under the

hammer of Col. Fred Reppert, to
American Stores, for 50 cents per
pound. The Reserve Champion, an
Angus steer, Flash, in both Junior
and open was owned by Kenneth
Tillapaugh. He sold for 23x/2 cents
per pound to P. D. Camp & Sons,
Cortland. All the steers sold aver¬
aged a little over 13 cents per pound.

Dairy Goats

The dairy goat show under super¬
vision of Rooert L. Harris presented
an attractive showing of desirable
does in the various bi’eeds. Wm. H.
Coon judged. The Alpines (French
and Rock) looked exceptionally good
from the flocks exhibited by Top
Notch Goat Ranch, R. L. Harris,
Fabius; Lone Star Goat Ranch,
Arthur Gates, Fabius; and Mrs. T.
N. Tyler, Niagara Falls, Ontario
Canada. In the Nubians the follow¬
ing breeders exhibited: Dahl’s Nu¬
bian Goats, Great River; “Our Own”
Nubian Herd, Lyle Hulbert, Rome;
and Mrs. T. N. Tyler. Saanens pre¬
sented an attractive line-up from the
flocks of Top Notch; James De Gorio,
Jamesville; Rocky Crest Goat Dairy,
F. R. Kisor, Syracuse; and Mrs.
Tyler. Toggenburg classes were well
filled from the herds of Top Notch;
Beatrice De Gorio; Lone Star; Rocky
Crest; Hy-Hope Goat Dairy, James¬
ville, and Mrs. Tyler.

(Continued Next Issue)

to win handily in the
open classes and was
crowned Grand Cham¬
pion. He sold in the
Baby Beef sale, managed

Valseur de Labliau 21865 was a prominent
Belgian stallion show winner for Hagan
Farms, Frank Smith, Farm Manager. Roy
Hough, Horse Manager, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.,
at the 1941 New York State Fair.

This two-year-old Dorset ram won his class at the 1941 New York State
Fair. He is owned and was exhibited by Rockhills Farm, Inc., L. W.
Harvey, Manager, Dundee, N. Y. He was Reserve Champion at the 1940

Chicago International.

These 25 daughters of Foremost Prediction 212227 form an impressive aggregation of Guernsey heifers. They are owned by McDonald Farms., J. M.

McDonald, owner , K. C. Sly, Manager, Cortland, New York.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

539

AYRSHIRES

For 50 -Ton Cows

Ayrshires are noted for life-time records
of 100,000 lbs. 4% milk

Write for literature arid list of breeders
near you with stock for sale

Ayrshire Breeders’ Association,
96 Center St., Brandon, Vt.

iLiVI

RAISE OYRSHIRES

| «•« ABERPEEN-ANGUS .*7~|

8th Annual

ANGUS AUCTION

Of Cattle From Leading Virginia Herds

Mon. Oct. 13th. Warrenton, Virginia

For Catalogs Write

Virginia Aberdeen-Angus Ass’n.

J. B. Gordon, See’y. Cobham, Virginia

CREMONA- ANDELOT ANGUS SALE

Championship Blood at AuctioD

Frederick, Maryland Sept. 27

Send for the Catalogue

CREMONA FARM, ANDELOT STOCK FARMS

MECHANICSVILLE, MD. WORTON, MD

Antic lot Aberdeen Angus

Bred and open heifers of the best type and blood
lines And a few outstanding young bulls now avail¬
able Accredited for T. B. and Bang's. We will sell
30 females in the Cremona-Andelot Sale September 27.

ANDELOT STOCK FARMS, WORTON, MARYLAND

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen -Angtia beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen -Angua Breeders' Association, Col¬
lege Park, M<1, or Bastem Aberdeen-Angus Breeaerr
Association, Ithaca, New York.

KENRIDGE REG.

Yearling heifers, bull
Accredited for

KENRIDGE FARM

ABERDEEN-ANGUS COWS

and heifer calves for sale.
T. B. and Bangs.

CORNWALL, N. Y.

riwr rnWC 2 and 4 year olds included In lot
rlllCi V.V/YTO of 10 Aberdeen-Angus. Your pick
$75.00. Clean herd. Also reg. bulls from $125.00.
Write— ALBERT A. SIMPSON, LaGrangeville, N. Y.

For Sale — Registered Aberdeen-Angus bull. Three
years old. Purchased International Livestock Ex¬
position, 1939. W. P. PARSONS, GALWAY, N. Y.

DAIRY CATTLE

JANMILL FARM DISPERSAL

Two miles north of Washingtonville, N. Y., off Route
208, at Otterkill Creek, Saturday October 11th, at
1 o’clock. 18 registered Jerseys ; Sybil and Design
breeding, 5 in milk 8 bred heifers. 1 yearling; 2
calves, dams’ records to 660 ibs., fat. 2 bulls, 7 months
and 2 years latter a Butler bull rich in Sybil and
FillpaiJ Wonder Volunteer breeding, 19 registered
Holstein Heifers; dams average 570 fat (M. E. ) Sire
combines Sir Bess Ormsby May and Ambassador Fobes
breeding. 10 over I year balance under. A real founda¬
tion lot. Herd under vaccinated plan. Circular upon
request. 0. S. JANSEN, Auctioneer, Wallkill, N. Y.
Phone 3-1474; Mr. & Mrs. J. W. Boardman Milligan,
Owners, Washingtonville, New York

HOLSTEINS

WESTERN NEW YORK DISPERSAL SALE

Saturday October 11, 1941

AT THE FARM OF JOHN HALLBAUER
2>/x Miles north of Strykersville, Wyoming Co., N. Y.

Twenty registered Holstein cattle; cow testing records,
good ages, ten heavy springers or just fresh. Herd
T.B. Accredited and Bang Free.

Send for Catalog to Owner

JOHN HALLBAUER, STRYKERSVILLE, N. Y. OR

R. Austin Backus, Auctioneer, Mexico, N. Y.

GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negatlva Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.
4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS. SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS. DELHI, NEW YORK

SHORTHORNS

TREMENDOUS NEW OPPORTUNITY

for Milking Shorthorn raisers due to defense pro¬
gram. U. S. and Great Britain urgently need all milk
and meat this country can produce. Greatest oppor¬
tunity with Milking Shorthorns. Hold official world’s
records for milk and butterfat production. Greatest
salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50c, one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY,
Dept. F-3, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

Drying off Heavy Milkers

I have a cow due to freshen in
early Fall. She is a heavy milker
and the quantity of milk is not de¬
creasing, I would like to know the
best way to dry her, and how many
weeks in advance of the birth of
the calf this should be done?

' New Jersey m. j.

In the case of heavy milking cows
which are difficult to dry off several
of the experiment stations have
found a good method is to reduce
the grain ration to about one-third,
making it principally oats. Do not
allow any pasture or silage, feed
about one-half normal ration for
dry roughage using timothy hay.
Milk the cow dry and do not milk
her again for 48 hours, then milk
dry again and immediately seal the
teat ends with collodin (new skin).
This can be purchased at any drug
store in tube form. After the new
skin dries paint over the end of the
teat with mercurochrome. Then do
not milk her any more. There may
be some congestion, but where this
system is practiced it has been
found the milk will be resorbed
without injury to the udder. After
congestion has subsided she may be
placed back on full feed, A six to
ten weeks lactation rest before calv¬
ing is beneficial. She should be fed
well during this time to get her in
good condition for next calving.

A fitting ration consisting of
ground corn 300 lbs., ground oats
300 lbs., wheat bran 300 lbs., and
linseed meal 100 lbs, fed liberally
is a good concentrate feed mixture
during the dry period. r. w. d.

A Gracious Lady
She lives on a Pennsylvania farm
and if she could talk, would tell
you that life is worth the living. In
her 29 th year she retains her faculties
unimpaired. She is mentally alert,
kind and affectionate. She performs
her tasks with zest and has never
had a day she was not ready for
work. To see her race across a
pasture, it would seem that life
begins at 29.

1 _

SHEEP

•

• a

• SHEEP FOR SALE •

Hampshire ram, beautiful purebred yearling ram,
well grown. First Prize and Grand Champion at
Danbury Fair as a lamb and First Prize at
Dutchess County Fair as yearling. $75 with papers,
F. 0. B. Hyde Park. Write —

FRANK SILVERNAIL, Supt., Hyde Park, N. Y.

Skrnn«liirp>« of best Quality. Offering for sale
uui ujjouu ca yearling rams and ewes; also ram
lambs sired by Iroquois Augustus; also two aged
rams Iroquois Drummond and Iroquois Brilliant.

L. F. CUTHBERT, OGDENSBURG, NEW YORK

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to

satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

REGISTERED OXFORD RAMS H<

- S. TILBURY,
Owego, N. Y.

CORRIEDALE jRlT

All ages; farmers’

Whitmore, Mt. Morris,

prices.

N. Y.

SOUTHDOWN RAMS

L. M. COLBERT’S SONS
East Chatham, New York

REGISTERED

EDWARD F.

Cheviot Sheep

ROCHESTER.

at reasonable prices.

ARLINGTON, VT.

BRED Dual Purpose Shorthorn Bulls

Best for meat and milk production.

WM. J. BREW & SONS, BERGEN, NEW YORK

GOATS

DAIRY GOAT JOURNAL, Dept. 167, FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly . magazine crammed with help¬
ful information. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

TnooenKera Milk does; bred; sold on approval.

i oggenperg P0NY FArm, himrod, n. y.

W A NT Fid Canarios. Males; females. Write A. Blind,
WdlllUjJ 151-73 18 Ave., Whitestone, New York

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : s

Registered Hampshire Rams for

M. Seelbach, Pleasant Plains. P. o.

sale ; reasonable.

Staatsburg, N. Y.

The Care and Management
of Rabbits

By Chesla C. Sherlock

T'HIS is a new edition and although the
text has had but few revisions it is prin¬
ted on better paper. It is a handy guide for
beginners as well as breeders.

Price reduced to $1.00

(New York City residents add 2c for Sales Tax)
For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

Worm your sheep for winter and

do the

right with

PT2

• The last worming before sheep go into winter
quarters should be a good one. An ordinary
remedy effective against one or two species of
worms is not satisfactory.

Use PTZ for this important job. It’s a Phe-
nothiazine product that removes six species of
worms, including the nodular worm which
is so destructive in winter.

Use FTZ Pellets or PT2 Drench. Either is
easy to administer and assures an accurate,
effective dose. We also have PTZ Powder, but
we prefer that you use either the Pellets or the
Drench for worming sheep.

Get FTZ now from your Dr. Hess Dealer, or
write Dr. Hess & Clark, Inc., Ashland, Ohio.

The government has asked the
dairy industry to step up production
— and the Hinman Milker will help
you do your part!

Here’s the milker endorsed by lead¬
ing dairymen from coast to coast. The
Hinman will help you get more milk,
more butterfat. Using only 10 " of
vacuum it’s a safer , gentler type of
milking that soothes cows, keeps them
relaxed and empties the udders faster
— up to 15 cows per hour with one
unit. So simple
to operate, a
12 -year-old boy
or girl can do
the milking.

FREE new
folder gives all
the facts. Write today!

HINMAN MILKING
MACHINE CO., Inc.

Box 21

Oneida. N. Y.

HINMAN

Low-Vacuum MILKER

Marietta Concrete Corp.

Marietta. Ohio Baltimore. Md.

Scotio, N. Y. Lilesville, N. C.

Our 1941 sales forecast biggest Mari¬
etta Silo year ever for 1942. Buf, with
production cost rising, we dare net
guarantee prices beyond Jan. I. . . .
So, write nearest office NOW — for full
particulars about World's Safest Silo
— Marietta Super-Concrete Construc¬
tion . Place your order at present

price — for later delivery — and SAVE
the difference.

| HORSES and PONIES |

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans

AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

• DISPERAL SALE •

Ponies; Shetlands and larger ponies. Some half-bred
Morgans. Prices drastically reduced to close out. Broken
ponies, brood mares, young stock.

T0RREYA FARM, MILLBR00K, NEW YORK

2Palnminn fillies coming 2 year old. $1!

I dlUIIUIlU each ; 1 bred Palomino brood mar
$250. each; 2 Palomino stallions coming 3 year o
$350. each. Best blood lines.

FISHER FURNITURE FARMS, S0UDERT0N, P

REG. PERCHER0N

AUGUST NEILITZ, R.D.

marcs in foal and colts
at work horse prices.

2, PINE CITY, N. Y.

15 Gentle Ponies

FISHER FURNITURE

from six months old colts
to nine year old bred mares.

FARMS, S0UDERT0N, PA.

DOGS

T~^l REilIii:n COCKER PUPS AND DOGS.
JC Non-Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

CT RFRNARIK breeds, details free!! Book;

iJI. ULIUlnlrPu io4 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25e. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

COLLIES — From pedigreed stock. $15.00 to $25.00.
Male Setter $15.00; Police $5.00. Females cheap.

MAI DA PUTNAM - GRAFTON, MASS.

ST. BERNARDS A.K.C. Grown & Puppies

Seneca Saint Bernard Kennel, Waterloo, N. Y. Ph. I3F2I

Croat Dana Pune *25. up. Time payments.

ureai uane rups farm holm. New Paitz, n. y.

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups s*1“"'0,Trocu?7p^r”

AIREDALES — The all-round dog. Will Ship C.O.D.

SHADY SIDE FARM, - MADISON, N. Y.

Reg. Collies -Beagles n?w00™!

Shepherd Pups

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

C00N-F0X - HOUNDS KKf KS*?S;

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge, Pheasant.
Quail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS— Details free
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON, NEW YORK

English Shepherd Puppies from heel driving stock.
— Females $3; males $6. A. CHUBB. Randolph, N. Y.

SWINE

[ CHESTER WHITES

Wigi the blood of grand champions, champions and
junior champions streaming down both sides. Now is
the time to buy young stock and improve your herd
Two and three months pigs, both sexes, from large
ifiters. sired by Rainbow Lad $15.00 and up.
EUGENE K. DENTON, Farm: Flanders, New Jersey
Office: One West 57th St., New York

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O D
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

PUREBRED BERKSHIRES

Male or female, 4 to 5 months old, well grown,
breeding stock, vaccinated for hog cholera and
hemorragic septicemia. $20 and $25 with papers.
F. 0. B. Hyde Park. Write —

FRANK SILVERNAIL. Supt., Hyde Park, N. Y.

RUGGED PIGS Chester -Whites, Chester,

XYUVJUEilS rlUO Berkshire, Yorkshire-Chester.
Duroc cross. Six to eight weeks $4.50. Eight to
ten weeks $5.00. No charge crating. Ship COD 1 or
more. A few nice service boars for immediate use $20-
$25. Carl Anderson. Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each Will
ship C’ °’ D: F’ °- B Woburn, Mass.'

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

Hprpfnrifc u*y am* August litters few spring sows,
licicuiiua \ acemated, registered, good parentage.
Price reasonable. A. H. WOODS, ZIONSVILLE, PA.

REG. CHESTER WHITES S '*,,

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelt,,. OKUr cCTStS

REG DUROf S FaB Giits anj) Spring Pigs. Russell F.
JxLiU. 1/unuiO Pattington. Scipio Center. New York

FERRETS

FERRE T ^ f°r killing rats and other
* . , 1 game; yearling females,

special ratter $4.00. Young males $3.00: females $3 50:
pair $6.00. WM. A. PECK. NEW LONDON. OHIO

Rid Your Place Of Rats With Ferrets $3 Each

Ship C.O.D. E. L. HARTMAN, NEW LONDON, OHIO

Miscellaneous

F O R SALE

80 LARGE YOUNG GRADE SHEEP

100 May Lambs. 4 Purebred Guernsey
Heifers. John G. Fort, Rl, Greenwich, N.Y.

SOMETIMES YOU CAN BUY A REALIY GREAT BULL CHEAP

Flanders, New Jersey

540

<P* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

might easily have been called
an impossible task. With a
near-record wheat crop ripen¬
ing in the field, the elevators
were still jammed with the
biggest carry-over in history.
And, as everybody knew, the
railroads had their hands full
already with a mountainous
pile of defense assignments.

But the railroads refused to
call it impossible. They laid
their plans to do the job.

belt, ready to handle the new
harvest.

Result? The railroads were
able to move every bushel for
which storage space could be
found ! They could have moved
more if there had been any
place to take it, but with ele¬
vators filled to the brim, the
wheat still remaining on the
farms can be moved only as
fast as consumption and ex¬
port make space available.

AST summer the railroads
^ were faced with what

Before the first wheat was cut,
the railroads had started mov¬
ing old wheat out of grain-belt
elevators. Altogether more
than 75,000,000 bushels were
shifted to more distant points.
And while the loaded cars
were rolling out, a reserve
army of 30,000 cars was
being mobilized in the wheat

This is just one example in
many of how the American
railroads work together to do
a job — in cooperation with
shippers, agricultural repre¬
sentatives and government
agencies. And it’s also a good
example of how they get the
job done!

SEE AMERICA BY RAILROAD — SPECIAL RATES FOR
GRAND CIRCLE TOURS... Ask your local ticket agentl

ASSOCIATION OF

WASHINGTON, D. C.

FALSE TEETH

KLUTCH holds them tighter

KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental
plates so much firmer and snugger that one can
eat and talk with greater comfort and security;
in many cases almost as well as with natural
teeth. Klutch lessens the constant fear of a drop¬
ping, rocking, chafing plate. 25c and 50c at drug¬
gists... If your druggist hasn’t it, don’t waste
money onjsubstitutes, but send us 10c and we
will mail you a generous trial box. © I.P. INC.
KLUTCH CO., 8ox 2803-J, ELMIRA, N. Y.

SCOLDS

quickly. Mle,

LIQUID
TABLETS
SALVE
NOSE DROPS
COUGH DROPS

\J 1 n UP ROB * Knitting. Free Samples: directions.
I u |\ |\|\ Burlap patterns for Rug Yarns. Lowest

1 /ULllUprices. Bartlett Taro Hill,, Bor 7, Harmouy.ME,

The cattle moved contentedly into
the scented barn,

Where all was quiet beside the full
mows,

And up to the dim rafters —

Except for the swish of milk into
the pails,

Or the call of crickets hidden in
the hay.

In the time of shortening days
The lanterns filled the old bani with
listening shadows.

Mabel Stuart Curry
(From Trails)

The Home Executive

Probably few busy rural home
makers ever think of themselves as
“business executives” but who has
a better right to that title than the
woman who must meet and solve
dozens of problems every day in the
business of making a comfortable,
happy home for her husband and
children and in sharing in the re¬
sponsibility of the farm manage¬
ment? It takes real executive ability
to cope with the rapidly changing
conditions of these days, with higher
costs, scarcity and restrictions,
which are quite likely to increase,
rather than lessen, as time goes on.
It is not too pleasant to be jarred
out of a more or less established
routine by a little man who wants
to upset the whole world and we
all have to do a lot of adjusting.

The family dollar has to be
stretched to meet increasing prices
and taxes and substitutes have to
be used for some things that have
always been ‘regulars” but that is
just what will bring out unsuspected
and unexercised executive ability in
the home maker. The wisest ones
looked ahead at planting time last
Spring and the results of that extra
row for extra canning are now on
their shelves as a sure line of de¬
fence for a healthy, properly fed
family. The extra planning and
added work is more than paid for
in the satisfaction and security they
represent.

A good executive knows how to
adapt her materials to meet con¬
ditions and instead of bemoaning the
fact that some ingredient of a good
recipe cannot be had at all or is
too expensive she experiments with
substitutes or omits something that
won’t affect the quality or appetite
appeal and so perhaps discovers a
better way of doing and a better
recipe.

When I see the way the rural
women are meeting the present
situation, in most cases, and calling
on their native ability and initiative,
it is a matter of real pride to be
associated with them. c. b. w.

Take Your Garden Inside

Before first frost comes, cut down
your morning-glory vines. Ours
have bloomed, a veritable bower of
Heavenly Blue, over the doorway
for weeks. Everyone who’s passed
under them has exclaimed at their
beauty, and two people have urged
us to cut them before frost. “Put the
vines in a vase of water,” said one
friend, “and pin them to the window
curtain. Every bud will blossom,
away into November.” So we’re al¬
most looking forward to that frost!

We lived in a fishing village in
Northern Michigan where it was the
custom in the Fall to take up
Petunias — good healthy plants whose
blossoms had been plucked off as
they withered. The Petunias were
potted, and offered a luxurious mass
of green all Winter. Early in the
Spring they blossomed, and the village
church at Easter was gladdened by
huge pots of Petunias, pink and
white and purple. Marigolds, I’ve
heard, can be taken up too.

My grandmother always had on
her kitchen window sill, in her city
apartment, a bowl of glossy green
leaves that seemed exotic and un¬
usual until you asked her what they
were. Grapefruit seeds! Merely dry
and plant them in a bowl of dirt. In
Winter when the eyes are starved
for something freshly green and
growing, this makes a lovely center-
piece. E- v- D-

“My hobbies are collecting per¬
fume bottles, also postcards and
quilts. Have lots of patterns and
will exchange or pass on to anyone
wishing one.” mrs. t. d.

New York

Arts and Crafts Guild

Do you have a Guild in your
community? If not, perhaps you will
be interested in how the Art Workers
Guild was formed in Martha’s
Vineyard. One woman, as is usually
the case in such things, saw the need
of an outlet for the fine handwork
which both the men and the women
could do with varying talents, and
talked it over with other interested
people. At first it was planned just
to revive the old art of weaving,
but so many craftsmen were found
anxious to turn such work into a
way of making an extra penny that
it was decided to embrace all possi¬
ble arts and crafts.

Non-craftsmen who were greatly
interested in the welfare of the com¬
munity were asked to become asso¬
ciate members, paying one dollar
yearly for the privilege of helping
along the project. Thus a working
fund was soon acquired. Active
members who planned to make
articles for exhibition and sale also
paid one dollar yearly for member¬
ship and arranged to pay a small
commission on all articles sold. It
was soon found possible to rent the
ground floor of a very old house in
a town where many visitors spent
their Summers. A young woman was
put in charge, a loom was set up in
the old kitchen and lessons in weav¬
ing were given. And when the
Summer season arrived the ancient
house had an attractive sign showing
plainly that it was the home of the
Arts and Crafts Guild and within
was a goodly array of hand-made
articles, hooked and braided rugs,
woven coverlets (copied from the
old - patterns) hand- wrought and¬
irons, butterfly and H-hinges, weath¬
er vanes, door stops, buckles and
buttons of acorn cups or carved
wood, block prints and photographs
of local scenes — large ones for
framing or small ones for Christmas
cards. There was also pottery made
from local clay.

In order to keep up an interest,
exhibits were held all through the
Summer season. These were planned
for during the Winter and a chair¬
man was chosen as collector-in-chief
for each exhibit, these being changed
each week. Some of the interesting
collections which have been ex¬
hibited are old glass, bed quilts, ship
pictures, Victorian mottoes, and per¬
haps most fascinating of all, dolls.
Most of the dolls were old and their
costumes not only exhibited the
quaint fashion of their day, but also
the hand-done clothing showed such
fine stitches as to shame moderns.

Our overhead, the publicity, the
rental, and the salesgirl’s salary is
rather large so one big benefit con¬
cert, lecture or picture is planned
for each season. But if that is not
feasible in your locality, it would be
perfectly possible to start out in a
simpler way. A practical way would
be to find an interested woi’ker who
could perhaps devote a few rooms
in her own house to the needs of a
Guild in order to market her own
weaving or other fine work. E. m. w.

Maine Vegetable Relish. — Two
pounds ripe red tomatoes, 2 pounds
green tomatoes, 2 green peppers, 2
red peppers (sweet), 1 small head of
cabbage, 1 bunch celery (optional),
1 quart onions, 6 tablespoons salt, 3
cups dark brown sugar, 1 stick cinna¬
mon, 1 teaspoon dry mustard, 1 tea¬
spoon cloves, 1 quart cider vinegar.

Chop tomatoes, peppers and cab¬
bage finely. Cover with the salt and
let stand over night. In the morning
drain off the vegetable mixture, add
chopped peppers (seeds removed)
onions (chopped) and the sugar and
vinegar. Make a bag of thin white
cloth and place dry spices in this,
add to the other ingredients and
simmer for a good 30 minutes and
seal in sterilized jars.

W* RURAL NEW-YORKER

541

Get an oil
that’s tough enough
for any work!

The Versatile Carrot

Peppy Peas and Carrots. — Toss
one cup each of young peas and
diced baby carrots in one-half cup
melted butter over low heat for 10
minutes. Add milk to cover and
simmer until just tender, season to
your own taste with salt and pepper.

Carrot Scramble. — Mix two cups
cooked, diced carrots with one cup
diced, cooked ham. Add one table¬
spoon chopped green pepper, five
lightly beaten eggs and five table¬
spoons cream or rich milk. Season
with IV2 teaspoons salt and one-
eighth teaspoon pepper. Plate three
tablespoons butter in top double
boiler, add mixture; cook until
creamy just as you do scrambled
eggs.

Candied Carrots. — Cook 10 me¬
dium size, nicely shaped carrots in
boiling salted water until barely
tender. Place in buttered baking dish,
pour over sauce made by mixing
three-fourths cup brown sugar, one-
third cup butter with three table¬
spoons hot water. Bake in very slow
oven 15 minutes.

Spanish Carrots. — Mix together
three cups coarsely chopped, cooked
carrots, % cup rich milk, two
tablespoons chopped pimento, three
tablespoons shredded green pepper,
one small minced onion, two beaten
eggs, one teaspoon salt and one-
eighth teaspoon pepper. Turn in
buttered casserole, bake 20 minutes
at 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Serve
piping hot.

I always keep a bowl of crisp
carrot sticks where the children can
reach them and they disappear like
magic! We often add three or four
large carrots to pot roast, slicing fine
so they will cook to a mush by the
time the meat is done. Gives the
gravy body and enticing flavor.

Grated, tender carrots make a
bright garnish for soups, cottage
cheese and salads. Of course, we all
make use of grated carrots in sand¬
wich fillings.

Let’s give the carrot a chance to
prove how tasty it can be, as well
as healthful. h. r.

What to do With Nuts

American housewives would cer¬
tainly deplore the loss of nuts from
their menus. Rich in nutriment
they add both nourishment and
flavor to many foods.

Farm women and children usually
enjoy the gathering of hickory nuts,
butternuts and walnuts, each with
its distinctive flavor, and in some
sections hazelnuts and chestnuts can
be added to the list. What happy
memories many city business men
and women have of their experiences
gathering nuts on warm Autumn
days during their childhood on the
farm. How big that dollar looked
when they earned it by selling some
of the surplus. Happy memories too
of cold Winter evenings when they
cracked a bowl of these nuts and
everyone enjoyed them.

And how many, many hickory
nut cakes have graced a company
table or gone on a picnic. Old
fashioned hickory nut cake with the
nuts stirred through the batter is
good but for real deliciousness try
this hickory nut filling between the
layers of any good cake.

One cup nut meats chopped fine,
one cup sour cream, y2 cup sugar,
cook all together about 10 minutes
or until it begins to thicken, remove
from stove and add the beaten yolk
of one egg. Butternuts instead of
hickory nuts are equally good.

Nuts added to brown or whole
wheat bread add food value as well
as flavor. And what fudge recipe
does not take on deluxe qualities
if nuts are added.

When adding nuts to fruit con¬
serves do so just before removing
from the fire. Nuts added to salads
give richness and food value, but
this should be done just before serv¬
ing as they are liable to turn dark
if they stand. Chopped nuts com¬
bine with dates, or honey or cabbage
to make delicious sandwiches.

Here is a recipe for a rich
banana nut loaf cake.

IV2 cups sugar, V2 cup butter or
other shortening, yolks of two eggs,
four tablespoons sour milk, one tea¬
spoon soda, one teaspoon salt, one
teaspoon baking powder, two cups
flour, one cup mashed bananas, one
cup nut meats rolled fine, whites of
two eggs beaten stiff and added

When You Relax

2884 — Crochet this chair set that symbolizes
home and hospitality. It is in filet crochet
made from an easy-to-follow chart. Give a
set as a gift — it will be most welcome!
Pattern 2884 contains charts and directions
for making set; illustrations of it and
stitches; materials required.

2754 — Enjoy embroidering these busy kittens
for yourself or your friends. Such kitchen
helpers add color and gaiety to your work.
Pattern 2754 contains a transfer pattern of
six motifs averaging 6!/2x8 inches; ma¬
terials required; illustrations of stitches.
Price of patterns 10 cents (in coin) each.
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.

Rose Pear Salad. — Make a syrup
of sugar and water, add enough pink
peppermint candy to color it. Let
cool and drop canned pears into
syrup and let stand several hours
until pears are pink.

Serve two halves on lettuce and
sprinkle with chopped walnut meats
and salad dressing. It makes a
pretty salad.

IF YOU have hard work to do
on your farm and want a rea¬
sonably priced oil that’s built for
the toughest work-— GET GULF-
LUBE!

In every state where Gulf
products are sold, farmers who
want top-notch performance
from their cars, trucks, tractors,
pumps, and other farm machin¬
ery, swear by Gulflube Motor
Oil. Throughout much of Amer¬
ica’s farm country — Gulflube
stands for long-lasting service!
There’s a good reason:

Gulflube is refined from fine
crudes, by a special double-sol¬
vent process! This special proc¬
ess removes many of the harmful
carbon and sludge -formers be¬
fore you ever use the oil. This
avoids most of the troubles that
result when inferior oils are used.

Stop in and see the Gulf man
soon. He carries a good supply
of Gulflube put up for your con¬
venience in handy 5-gallon con¬
tainers. He has it in other sizes,

too, each one priced for real econ¬
omy. You’ll find that he carries
a complete supply of fuels, lu¬
bricants, livestock sprays, and
other specialties for farm use.
You’ll find that the Gulf Man is
a mighty straightforward person
to do business with !

Gulf Products Popular On
Farm and Ranch:

GULF TRANSGEAR LUBRICANTS E. P. 90 AND 40

Specially compounded for use in trans¬
mission, differentials, and final drives.

GULFLEX CHASSIS LUBRICANTS S AND W

Improved lubricants which will remain
in bearings for long periods without
running out. For general chassis lubri¬
cation of cars, trucks, and tractors.

GULFLEX WHEEL BEARING GREASE

Possesses unusual resistance to heat.
Recommended for the ball and roller
front and rear wheel bearings of cars,
trucks, and tractors.

GULFLEX WATERPROOF GREASE

Provides better lubrication for water
pumps and automotive and other equip¬
ment where a product of this kind is
needed.

Gulflube Motor Oil

542

W* RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

PIGS fed on corn and minerals at
Larro Research Farm gained
an average of only 64.2 lbs. in
196 days— a daily average of .33 lbs.
And it required 6.67 lbs. of feed for
each pound of gain. But look what
happened when we changed to
Larro!

On the 197th day, we began feed¬
ing them all the Larro Hog Feed
Concentrate and corn they would
eat. In the next 56 days these same
pigs gained 108.3 lbs., an average of
1.93 lbs. daily— nearly six times the
gain they made on the corn and
minerals.

Study these figures carefully.They
prove the high nutritionaj value and
the economy of Larro Hog Feed
Concentrate. It took only 3 lbs. of
the corn and Larro ration for each
pound of gain. And only 41% as
much corn was used after Larro was
added to the ration. That’s what we
call making home grains perform at
a profit. And again think of what
these pigs could have done had they
been fed Larro straight through.

Corn, oats, barley, wheat and
other home grains by themselves
are not enough. Pigs need a proper
balance of proteins, carbohydrates,
minerals and vitamins to put on
weight, quickly and economically.
Larro Hog Feed Concentrate pro¬
vides this balance— gives pigs nutri¬
ents they can’t get from grains alone
—nutrients that enable them to grow
rapidly at a low cost per pound of
gain.

Even though your pigs are several
months old, if you are now feeding
home grains— or even garbage— add
Larro Hog Feed Concentrate to their
daily ration and watch their growth
rate JUMP! See your Larro dealer
—he’ll gladly tell you how good Larro
Hog Feed Concentrate is for brood
sows, young pigs, and breeding
stock, as well as for growing porkers.

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Inc.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

Warn$-te§tcd“ Is a registered trademark of Genera! Mills, Inc.

'N HOC
FEED

ittNCENTRAtt

arrc>

HOG FEED
CONCENTRATE

"Farm-tested’

tetted'

THE WORLD'S BEST

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A Better Milker for Less Money

Amazing New Duplex
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Only two moving parts. Improves
with age. Outstanding value. Low
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New last milking teat cups. Won’t
fall off. Standard milking action.
Faster, cleaner milking. Electric
or gas engine operated. Compact
Rotary Pump — all ball bearing.
No idle stroke. Get special offers.
Save money. Write.

NEW Rite-Way PORTABLE Milker

with Duplex Springless Pulsator. Boy can operate.
Milks 25 cows per hour. Cleaner milk at less
cost. Electric or gas engine type. Guaranteed. Write
for new low prices.

Rubber parts for all machines. Low prices.
Write for Free Catalog.

RITE-WAY PRODUCTS CO.

248c W. JEFFERSON ST., SYRACUSE, N. Y.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in yonr address
direct to us and not through your mail car-
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address label
on your R. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

The FINEST in MILKERS!

Better, Faster, More
Simple, Sanitary
And Easily Operated

ANDERSON PORTABLE AND PIPELINE MILKERS
ARE POSITIVELY UNEQUALED AT ANY PRICE

Write or Wire

ANDERSON MILKER CO., INC., JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

DEHORNING PASTE

PREVENT GROWTH the humane
way when calves are young by using
DANA'S DEHORNING PASTE.
Applied iu a jiffy; absolutely effective,
yet harmless. No bleeding or soreness.
One bottle sufficient for 50 young or 35
older calves. Satisfaction guaranteed
or money back. $1 postpaid, with free
copy Dana's Dairy and Breeders’ Sup¬
ply Catalog. 48 pages. C.H.DANACO.,
77 Main St., Hyd# Park, Vermont

Winter Wheat in Maine

It was with the aim to kill a heavy
crop of kale, and at the same time
raise a grain of high feeding value,
to cut the high cost of food, both for
human consumption as well as a
stock food, that prompted me to
undertake the experimental venture
of raising winter wheat, and though
but a coincidence in the year’s per¬
formances, it bids fair to prove a
valuable venture, as a coming crop
for us in the future, as well it might
for other Maine farmers.

It was a year ago about the last
of August, I was at a standstill to
know what to do with a piece of
ground adjoining my alfalfa, and
from which I had harvested a crop
Of factory peas. I wanted to seed it
to alfalfa, but money was scarce, and
weeds aplenty, when winter wheat
attracted my attention.

I procured some Trumbull winter
wheat seed at $2.50 a bushel. I then
plowed and harrowed the ground, a
light coat of dressing having been
applied to a part of it, and sowed
the wheat about the middle of Sep¬
tember, using two bushels to the
acre.

A mass of growing green wel¬
comed our gaze all during the Fall.
Early Spring melted the snow, to
bring back our new and thriving
crop. The middle of May it had
attained the height of 12 inches or
thereabouts. Through sun, wind, and
rain alike it thrived, until a mass of
golden glittering heads of wheat
waved gently in the breeze over this

41/2 acre piece, and not a weed in
sight.

The last week of July I employed
an all-crop harvester to harvest it.
This combine threshed 154 full
bushels of wheat of the choicest
variety imaginable, which is far
above the average yield of wheat;
leaving the straw in windrows.

I am sowing more this year, and
to farmers who wish to rid their fields
of kale I would suggest they sow
winter wheat. I know of no better
way to clean out weeds, and the Bible
says: “He who soweth shall reap.”

At an actual cost of $22 for seed
plus $21 for combine, making $43
plus labor of plowing, harrowing and
sowing besides hauling in the grain
after the combine (which was operat¬
ing just five hours), I feel I have
received a bountiful crop of fine
wheat, from which we already are
having fine graham muffins, as well
as delicious flapjacks with molasses
and cereal. I expect flour soon. Also,
I feel it has been a valuable lesson
and good experience.

Conditions permitting I shall Fall
plow this piece, be ready with the
seeding of alfalfa in the Spring, and
should cut a good crop of heavy hay
right after the Fourth. The second
week of August it will be ready to
cut again, leaving plenty of time to
get the third crop to fatten the sheep
and lambs.

I have often asked the question
why don’t more farmers sow wheat
and seed alfalfa? Both pay.

Maine F. L. Pullen

A New All Crop Harvester at work on the Pullen Farm in Dexter, Maine.

Lamb Feeding Prospects

The season is now approaching
when some of the “early birds”
among the group of Western New
York lamb feeders begin to investi¬
gate and make their decisions rela¬
tive to the course to follow during
the coming Fall and Winter.

Many of us already have been

forced to cut down our plans very
drastically on account of the serious
lack of feed grown during the

current season, both hay and grain
being unusually light crops, due

to the extreme drouth that prevailed
all through the early part of the
growing season until the very last of
August. Heavy rains which have

fallen during the last 10 days came
too late to affect either the hay or
grain crops, consequently our barns
are only partly filled with the
roughage that a regular feeding pro¬
gram requires.

Two other factors enter into the
picture that still further discourage
us from following our usual pro¬
gram, which is always more or less
a venture, with no positive assur¬
ance that it will prove to be a profit¬
able one. The first cost of feeding
lambs is bound to be much higher
than in previous years, with no
knowledge or guarantee of what the
selling price may be. Therefore we
hesitate to pay from 10 to 11 cents
per pound for feeders. In addition
to this high price per pound we are
told that due to the unusually favor¬
able pasture conditions on the
range, the lambs have made excep¬
tionally good growth this Summer,
for, while we have had little or no
rain for weeks at a time, the reverse
was true in the western range
country. Consequently the lambs
that we ordinarily buy weighing
from 40 to 60 pounds are now
weighing from 70 to 80 pounds, and
that means that they are already
nearly finished, and would be a very
poor buy from a feeders standpoint.
The corn that they must have to put
on still more gain would cost at this
time about $38 per ton, making us
hesitate to invest around $7 per head
or more for fee'ders.

It may easily be concluded there¬
fore, that there will be substantial
reductions in the number of lambs
fed on most of the farms in this
region. Irving C. H. Cook

Genesee County, N. Y.

At the Earlville Sale

At the Earlville sale on September
19, 125 cataloged purebred Hol-

steins brought $20,972. Following are
the average prices of the day: 21
little heifer calves, $33 each; 15 little
bull calves, $10 each; 3 bulls be¬
tween 1 and 3 years, $161; 4 bulls
under 1 year, $72; 2 bred heifers,
$152.50; 75 cows, $200 each. In this
group were 7 above $250.

The top of the sale was a 5-year
cow from Waldo I. Scott, Hamilton,
to S. P. White, Andover, Mass., at
$320.

There were eight out of the State
buyers taking 49 head at $8,954, 43
per cent of the sale. R. W. Lacey,
Columbia, N. J., 16 head, $2,470;
S. P. White, Andover, Mass., nine
head, $2,065; F. X. Caron, Salem,
N. H., nine head, $1,640; C. F. Drake,
Waymart, Pa., five head, $1,061;
E. V. Warwick, Honesdale, Pa., three
head, $538; F. M. Dickinson, Hal¬
stead, Pa., three head $532; Wellsway
Farms, Andover, Conn., three head,
$418, and W. J. Perkins, Honesdale,
Pa., one at $233. j. r. p.

Feeding Value of Bean Pods

What is the feeding value of bean
pods? I understand that they are
of use for sheep, but I am wonder¬
ing what valup they have for other
types of livestock. h. e. p.

New York

Bean pods compare favorably with
clover and alfalfa hay as a dry
roughage feed for all classes of live¬
stock. Due to the fact they are dusty,
it is not advisable to feed them to
horses without dampening them just
before feeding to prevent getting dust
on the horses lungs. r. w. d.

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

543

NATIONAL OEFENSE CALLS TOR

EGGS .... MEAT

Hubbard s New Hampshires

(jive you both!

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE, N. H.

Our Pens in Double
Lead at Farmingdale (N.Y.) Contest

The latest Farmingdale report shows our First
Fen leading all breeds by a safe margin, and
our Second Pen leadihg the other 98 pens of
the Contest. An almost unheard of double lead.

Massachusetts- U. S. Pullorum Clean
Chicks Bonded for $500 against B. W. D.
Straight R.l. Red Chicks sired by Advanced
Il.O.P. males from 240-341 egg dams.
Rock- Red Barred Cross Chicks, the offspring of
Warren’s R. I. Red females mated to Advanced
R.O.P. Barred Rook Cockerels. A real dual-
purpose cross for meat or eggs.

Sexing Service — Pullets Guar. 95% Ace.

Write today for Catalog and Price List.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

'Bonded Against 8.W.D.'

HALLS

chick*

for MORE EGGS
-MORE PROFIT

Increase your
Egg Produc¬
tion with
HALL’S Chicks— the “Quality Bred”
line of prolific egg producers. The
EXTRA VIGOR that makes them
LIVE and LAY will result in
Greater Egg Profits for you.

All chicks from Pullorum
Free stock by Official State
agglutination test, shipped
prepaid, guaranteed 100%
live delivery. Order Today.

HALL BROS. HATCHERY, INC.
Box 60, Wallingford, Conn.

WELL BRED from WELL BREEDERS

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood’s
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15,000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited,

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX B, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

rtonnr-MED from proven strains

NEW HAMPSHIRES. LEGHORNS, R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar.to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sale Now ! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Cataleg A Price*. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fin gar. Owner Jk Manager.

BOX H. HUDSON. NEW YORK

Christie's NEW HAMPSHIRES

,%‘itot spiizerinktum

EVEN 45,000 BREEDERS CAN’T
MEET THE DEMAND

for Spizzerinktum Chicks and Hatch¬
ling Eggs. There is every indication
that 1 will be sold out months ahead on
spring delivery dates. To assure the gen¬
uine Spizzerinktum quality, write for
prices now and make reservations im¬
mediately. Catalog free N.H.-U.S. Pullorum Clean —
NO Reactors; New Hampshires — Barred PI. Rocks;
Chris-Cross BARRED Hybrids. Hatches every week tho
year, around. Visit my Booth at the NEPPCO Show.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, Kingston, N. H.

WHITE ROCK

PLYMOUTH W W IX

Baby Chicks $12-100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN'S
ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth. Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. ‘Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

r<\ Chamberlin

'S- l'I y-fc j POULTRY FARMS .

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-IIS) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
nnnnrn nnmin good layers, broilers!

.BURRED ROCHS i&wtr'Ssai:

lin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc. quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry booh.

TOXITE LABORATORIES, Bex 66, Chestertown. Md.

Countryman’s Journal

“For his mercy endureth forever.”
Recently my wife and I had a pleas¬
ant trip across the southeastern
corner of New Hampshire. From
Dover, we went across the Berwicks
to Ogunquit Beach. It was a beauti¬
ful, quiet, hallowed Sunday. This
southeastern part of the Granite State
has always appealed to me. There’s
some good farming land; the fields
are free from stones; the homes are
small, but neat and substantial.

I recall that when Father Pearson
was preaching in that white, tall-
spired church on the common in
Hancock, N. H., he used to say fre¬
quently that true religion was faith —
plus our actions to make the world
a kindlier and better place. In the
midst of a world gone mad, for the
sake of unborn millions we must be¬
lieve that His mercy does endure
forever.

What is your favorite time of the
year? Some people say vehemently,
“I hate the Fall. I hate the coming
of cold nights, and all it means of
killing frosts and withered flowers
and leaves.” Somehow, while there
is an element of sadness in the end
of another season of growth and
bloom and harvest, there is also a
feeling of peace and completeness in
it for me. From mid-August to the
first of November is my favorite
season.

To change the subject very abrupt¬
ly, what do you think of the sweet
corn that most restaurants, hotels,
and roadside stands serve up? Big,
water-soaked, flavorless ears! And
yet the real stuff, smaller-sized,
sweet-flavored, not more than 20
minutes from corn patch to table is
one of life’s good things to eat. For
garden eating, I put at the top of
the list green peas, sweet corn, sun-
ripened tomatoes, shell beans, and
lima beans. No wonder the road¬
side stand business is rapidly grow¬
ing all over the land. City and town
folks are willing to drive a ways to
get fresh - picked, superb - flavored
fruits and vegetables.

Lots of old houses, those built half
a century or more ago, develop a
spring in the floor boards, even
though the sills and floor timbers
are still sound. This can usually be
remedied by setting a row of posts
under the floor timbers, about mid¬
way between the two points where
the floor timbers are anchored. A
six inch oak, maple, or cedar post
will last a good many years if the
end rests on a flat stone.

I suppose all farm families know
how good scrambled eggs and corn
kernels are together! Cut off the
corn which has previously been
cooked, and use a half cupful of the
kernels for each egg. With hashed
potatoes, a piece of deep-dish apple
pie (or perhaps two) and a glass or
two of milk, you have a perfect
supper.

It is interesting to read about the
inventions that have changed farm¬
ing over the years. Between 1830
and 1860 was a Golden Era for tak¬
ing some of the backaches from agri¬
culture. Before that time, economists
and philosophers seemed to think
periods of scarcity and famine were
inevitable. There were more than
50 models of the reaper devised by
1831. At a trial held in Geneva,
N. Y., in 1852, it took 14 men with
cradels to do the work of nine men
with a reaper; two were used for
the machine, and seven to rake and
bind the grain. In 1814, Jethro Wood
patented a cast-iron plow, and
farmers gradually got over their
fears of poisoning the soil. Then the
steel plow came along, and in 1857,
John Deere sold 10,000 plows. In
1840, Pennock invented a corn
planter; by 1860, the wheat drill was
in general use.

In 1835, over 700 models of the
threshing machine were being made
and offered American farmers. From
1910 to 1930 was a period of ups and
downs, with a lot of talk about
specialization. Now, we’re gradu¬
ally learning that while major cash
crops have a definite place, there is
value and stability in a diversified
program. Here in the Northeast,
kitchen gardens are larger, and much
more canning and preserving is being
done than in 1930. Farms are pro¬
ducing their own meats. The milk
shed areas of the east have never
had a square deal, and have not to¬
day. But the general dairy farms
are diversifying and perhaps in this
way we shall have a happier and
better farm economy. h. s. p.

HOLLAND FARM WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS

Pullorum CLEAN breeders and poults.

BELCHERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS

PAY

pROfUS

Keep Houses Filled and Eggs in the Nest
with PURINA BALANCED INCOME [PLAN!

Keeping laying houses filled to capacity all
year ’round is a big job. Yet, it’s important,
because empty houses mean empty nests, and
empty nests pay no profits. In order to help
you meet this problem, Purina has developed
an outstanding new plan of poultry raising. It’s
called the "Poultry Balanced Income Plan.”

The Poultry Balanced Income Plan gives
you big, well-developed pullets several times

a year, instead of Just once a year as you have
under the old plan.

Write for free copy of the new 48-page
booklet which gives full details of the Purina
‘'Poultry Balanced Income Plan.” This book
gives full information also about Purina Lay-
ena, the complete laying feed, and Purina
Lay Chow, the supplement that goes with
your scratch grain.

THIS FREE BOOK TELLS

TO KEEP LAYING HOUSES FUlEDf)

PURINA MILLS

1812 Checkerboard Sq., St. Louis, Mo.
Send me a free copy of the new 48-page
poultry book which gives full details of
the new Purina Balanced Income Plan.

Name .

Street or R.F.D .

Town . State .

*■

■

•

WeneMChicks

BROILERS — ROASTERS — EGGS

U S a *V,< 4 East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity
Hatches Every 1,300,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and BARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept K-3, VINELAND, R. J.

KERB

CHICKS

LIVE

f^CKWlES

OF QUfiUU-CASH OkCO.D

BLoomm

100% del. guar. Postpaid 8tr. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns, Special. . .$7.00 $13.00 $3.00
B. & W. Rocks, B. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R. MeALISTERVILLE, PA.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorn*.
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE. Rt. 2. Telford, Pa.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. AH commercial breed*. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

FOUR HUNDRED MARCH ROCK-RED PULLETS

Some laying 4(2-5 lbs. @ $1.50. May R. I. Red Pullets
3(2-4 lbs. $1.40. 3-3% lbs. $1.25.

LOVELL GORDON, ESPERANCE, NEW YORK

A SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER !

It costs many thousands of dollars to get the information published in
each issue of The Rural, New-Yorker. With our circulation of more than
a quarter of a million readers, however, we can gather this information and
send it to you for less than a penny a week.

Many of our old friends often express a desire to co-operate with us
by introducing The Rural, New-Yorker to their friends and neighbors.
We always appreciate such favors. This co-operation not only helps to
increase the circulation but it enables us to render more effective service to
farm interest.

For the purpose of introducing The Rural New-Yorker to new readers
we make a special short-time offer of — Six Months for 25 Cents.

If you have a friend whom you believe would find The Rural New-
■*- Yorker helpful, write his name and address in the blank below and mail
it to us with 25 cents in stamps or coin for a six-month trial period. If
you prefer, send $1 for a three-year subscription.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th St. New York City

Name . . . .

R. f. d.

Post Office . . . State

544

Subscribers' Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 547^.

| Help Wanted

WANTED — Young lady or woman for

general housework. Write particulars. AD¬
VERTISER 2484, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single person to share profits
with one man, on small modern poultry
farm. KANE, R. F. D. 2, Box 281, Freehold,
New Jersey.

HOUSEKEEPER — Near 45, modern home.

near town, Jersey. $5 a week to start, for
one man. Send photo with description; will
return. ADVERTISER 2488, care Rural New-
Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORK, small family,
private room. $30 month. HENRY L.
NIELSEN ^ Warwick, N. Y., Telepbf'ie
Warwic. i60.

WANTED — Man and wife, general house¬
work; good home, $50 month. Man.
gardener, chauffeur. BOX 164, Bernards-
ville, N. J.

MAN, SINGLE, dairy and poultry farm:

milk 8-10 cows, general farm work. $50
month, good home for clean cut person.
ROCKY DELL FARM, Brewster, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced single man to
operate pasteurizer and general dairy
work. No outside work. No liquor. $55
month, room and board. P. O. BOX 44,
Huntington, Long Island.

WANTED — Single man for bam work.

DeLaval milkers. No outside work. No
liquor. $55 month, room and board. P. O.
BOX 21, Commack, Long Island.

WANTED — Experienced single man, for
retail milk route. Must be able to canvass.
$60 monthly, room and board. , Commission
for new business. ADVERTISER 2491, care
Rural New-Yorker. V

WANTED — Herdsman, first class, sober,
single. Purebred Guernseys on AR test.
Must milk 10 head three times daily. State
salary and experience. References.
SCHLEGEL FARMS, Conesus, N. Y.

WANTED — Couple for general housework
and outdoor maintenance; some driving.
Four in family. Private room, bath, radio,
travelling expenses paid. Starting $65, more
later. STRACHAN, Windsor Road, Fox
Chapel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

WANTED AT once, a married poultryman
to take charge of small commercial flock.
Modern equipment. Excellent living con¬
ditions, house, heat, electricity and good
wages. F. K. STEVENS, Gladstone, N. J.
Tel. Peapack 304.

WANTED — Young woman to take the place
of a mother to five girls, ages 5 to 17
years; in a lovely, modern, electric country
home. Must be healthy, clean and neat.
No bad habits. Permanent to the right
person who loves children and wants a
lovely home. In the eastern part of New
York State. Write full particulars and send
photo, (will return). ADVERTISER 2492,
care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE on modern plant;

$40 to $50 per month, room, and board.
First class proposition to experienced man.
ADVERTISER 2493, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN IN fifties, trustworthy and healthy.

Commuter’s small country place; no heavy
farming or lawns; purebred milk goats.
Intelligent and interested to work with
little direction; own room and bath; perma¬
nent. Character references. $30 monthly.
HOBBY HILL, Towaco, N. J.

PROTESTANT WOMAN to assist with
housework for widow; pleasant home,
nominal wages. Suburban. GOLDER, 12
West 85th St., New York City.

POULTRYMAN EXPERIENCED, good will-
ing worker; must be honest and steady,
for poultry breeding farm. Would consider
couple if woman would help with house¬
work. Give full particulars, wages desired.
MASON POULTRY FARM, Milltown, N. J.

HOUSEKEEPER-COOK, private home; $45-
$50. J. McGOUGH, 221 77th St., Brooklyn,
New York.

SINGLE MAN for general farm work, dry-
hand milker. $45 and board. H. H.
MEADER, Mendham, N. J.

SINGLE, STEADY, sober, healthy man, past
draft age, to help on poultry farm. Ex¬
perience unnecessary, if willing. Steady,
good position with advancement for right
man. State full particulars. NATHAN
BREEDING FARM, Cuddebackville, N. Y.

YOUNG MAN, light work; assistant-com¬
panion to young business man. Country
town. ADVERTISER 2497, care Rural New-
Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, PLAIN cooking, adult
family, teacher’s household. Competent,
between ages 25-35. Salary $50-$55. ROSS,
2140 East 23rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED NOW, man by month, general
farming; give wages, experience.
CHARLES SHERMAN, Clifton Springs, N. Y.

MIDDLE AGED COUPLE, man to take care
of chickens, wife to take care of small
house; owners only come weekends. Steady
position for right couple. JOHN L.
ROBERTSON, Jr., 20 East 35th St., New
York City.

MIDDLEAGED MARRIED farmer, able to
drive horses, tractor, truck, help with
machine milking, etc. Cottage, milk heat for
winter and wages furnished. Also middle-
aged woman to do plain cooking, light
work about house for four adults. ADVER¬
TISER 2499, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MAN or couple. Man ex¬
perienced, dry-hand milker, drive car. No
drinker. If couple, woman to do house¬
work. Couple $75 month, single man $50
month and board, private room with
pleasant surroundings. Good home, perma¬
nent position for right persons, on goat
dairy and breedirig farm. ADVERTISER
2501, care Rural New-Yorker.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

WANTED— Single man on dairy farm; $60
per month and board. YOUMANS FARMS,
New Scotland, N. Y.

WANTED — Men and women attendants in
State Institution for mental defectives,
between 18 and 45 years, good physical
condition. United States citizen, and resi¬
dents of New York State; $54 per month and
maintenance. Write, SUPERINTENDENT,
Letchworth Village, Thiells, N. Y„ send¬
ing references from previous employer.

COUPLE, ALL year job; houseworker,
cook, handyman, gardener. Good home,
country. $70 month start. JOHN W. BLOCK,
22 W. 48th St., New York City.

HOUSEWORKER MIDDLEAGED, healthy.

Modern farmhouse; lady alone. Child no
objection. B. ASCIONE, Box 150, R. D. 2,
Toms River, N. J.

WANTED — Single man for milking and
general farm work with team or tractor.
$50 and board. No liquor. ADVERTISER
2505, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE, CHILDLESS, modern poultry
farm. Man poultry experience, handy with
tools. Woman housework. Good home,
permanent. $50-$60 monthly. BECKWITT,
Bound Brook, N. J.

HERDSMAN AND helper for 40-cow herd
averaging 440 pounds butterfat. Future
inducement to ambitious, competent work¬
men interested in Dairy Herd Improvement
Association methods and progress on modern
farm. Single or small family tenant. State
particulars. GEORGE CORBY, ' Honeoye
Falls, New York.

MIDDLEAGED, HEALTHY, Christian man
for chicken farm; no drinker. MICHEL
DECKER, Hosensack, Penna.

HOUSEWORKER, GIRL or woman. Country
home near Paterson. Three school
children, two adults. Good home, $35 month.
ADVERTISER 2507, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Position as manager of first
class farm or estate. Thoroughly qualified
and capable and ambitious and honest.
Married, no children, college graduate; no
liquor or tobacco. Will take substantial
financial interest in registered Guernseys on
such a place. New York State preferred.
ROBERT DUNLOP, Newark, N. Y.

HOUSEWORKER, ADULT family, no cook¬
ing; good home; state salary. GLUCK,
120 Berkley Ave., Westwood, N. J.

WANTED — All around farmer, must be
good, on private place near Red Bank,
N. J. Farmer’s house, modern, six rooms
and bath. State wages, experience, refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2510, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER for doctor’s
home. Must be neat and clean, pleasing
personality. Prefer someone desiring perma¬
nent home. $30 monthly. MRS. JACOBY,
Berlin, N. Y.

WANTED — Young man over 16, very lively,
honest and ambitious, willing to learn
florist’s trade. Good home, steady for the
right party. ADVERTISER 2513, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows.

Wages $60, room, board. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

COUPLE WANTED, thoroughly experienced
poultry man needed to take charge of a
modern chicken plant. Wife must be a good
housekeeper and cook. Steady position for
right couple. Please state past experience,
age. references required. Reply to ADVER¬
TISER 2514, care Rural New-Yorker.

ELDERLY MAN, handy, to care for small
village home grounds, some poultry.
Steady, good nome. State all particulars.
ADVERTISER 2515, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Trustworthy man, be with and
help elderly man on small chicken farm.
Permanent home for right party. Salary
when on paying terms. ADVERTISER 2516,
care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, WHITE, no cooking, small
suburban home, two adults and two
children, 8 and 12 years. Christian family.
$45 per month. State age, weight, experi¬
ence, telephone number in first letter.
BOX 544, Chappaqua, N. Y.

WANTED — Handyman, single, on modern
poultry farm. Must understand handling
tools. Drivers license. One with poultry
experience preferred. $40 to $50 per month,
room and board. WINDRUSH FARM,
Princeton, N. J.

HERDSMAN-FARMER, single, small modern
farm, Northern New Jersey. Purebred
Guernsey herd. Able take full charge. Re¬
liable sound character. State experience,
wages expected. Good modern home,
WILLIAM GARTNER, Stephensburg, Port
Murray, N. J.

FARMER-GARDENER, single, take entire
charge small private farm, lower Hudson
Valley. Three milking cows, young stock,
team, poultry. Must drive cars. Permanent,
year round. Room, board, $50. If successful
will advance. ADVERTISER 2522, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Two single, honest, agreeable,
conscientious, reliable men on poultry and
dairy farm. One must be thoroughly experi¬
enced in poultry and willing workers. Refer¬
ences required in first letter. State age, how
long in last place. State wages. ADVER¬
TISER 2521, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN for general work on poultry
farm, Westchester County. Mention age,
weight, height, wages, references. ADVER¬
TISER 2519, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Sober poultryman, willing to
assist with farm work. $45 a month and
board. State age and experience. BOX 18,
River Road, Bound Brook, N. J.

Situations Wanted

WIDOW, 43, daughter 14, excellent house¬
keeper, cook; not servant type. Refer¬
ences exchanged. ADVERTISER 2504, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING CARETAKER, American.

middleaged, married, wishes position on
small estate. Dependable, no bad habits.
Drives tractor or horses. 20 years on own
farm. ADVERTISER 2451, care Rural New-
Yorker.

REFINED AMERICAN Protestant man, 56
years old, highest references, desires po¬
sition as caretaker or all-around man qn
private estate. Wages secondary to good
home. ADVERTISER 2456, care Rural New-
Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, willing and trustworthy; no
bad habits; wants general farm work.
ADVERTISER 2455, care Rural New-Yorker.

REFINED LADY, educated, Protestant, re¬
spectable, middleaged, wishes a position as
housekeeper to take care of widower’s home.
Honest, trustworthy, reliable, A-l references
exchanged. BOX 694, New Canaan, Conn.

MAN WOULD like position as a driver.

Can do anything on farm or estate; willing,
reliable worker. Can furnish A-l reference.
City or country. GEORGE J. SIMON,
General Delivery, Hartford, Conn.

WANTED BY young experienced married
man. Department of Agriculture graduate,
management of large dairy farm, preferably
Dutchess County. ADVERTISER 2473, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, 35, capable undertaking
management of large farm or lumber
production business, wants position. Salary
$120 month, room and board. ADVER¬
TISER 2474, care Rural New-Yorker.

HERDSMAN, DAIRYMAN, 11 years last
place; married, one boy 12 years old.
1913 Penfield St., West Oak Lane, Phila¬
delphia, Pa.

MIDDLEAGED HOUSEKEEPER and son 18.

desires position on Protestant country
place or farm on Long Island or New York
State. Capable and experienced in both.
CLARA FIELD, Washington, N. J.

FARM MANAGER, all branches; long
record of accomplishments. Specializing
Guernseys, Leghorns. Proven profitable re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2494, care Rural New-
Yorker.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE. 45, experienced.

No liquor, desires position. Clean living
conditions, good board essential. ADVER¬
TISER 2495, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN desires work as gardeners
helper. Male. White. Good board. Can
help with milking if necessary. ADVER¬
TISER 2476, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER, CARETAKER for winter

months; nice family only. References; re¬
liable. EDW. McNAMARA, 5 Liberty St.,
Newburgh, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN, desires job.

Single, sober, college training, excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2496, care Rural
New-Yorker.

REFINED CHRISTIAN woman, 48, experi¬
enced waitress, wishes work; country or
village. MAUDE GLOSENGER, 1215 Summer
St., Stamford, Conn. Phone 4-1371.

CARETAKER FOR country estate, reliable,
honest, handy with tools, drivers license;
no milking. References. T. PEDERSEN,
care Guy Nelson, Garrison, N. Y.

POSITION WANTED, farm manager or
herdsman, capable of feeding according
production and balancing rations; also up-
to-date knowledge of farm crops and their
care. Also a general knowledge of poultry.
References. ADVERTISER 2500, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARMER, MARRIED, 40; no children at
home. 22 years farming-lumbering, dairy,
poultry, crops. Drive horses, tractor, ma¬
chinery. Sawyer five years. Lane Mill.
Wants permanent position, fair wages, good
living conditions. Wife will work part or
full time housework; board extra help.
ADVERTISER 2502, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN, 57, Jewish, strong, healthy; owns
car; knows horses, seeds, some poultry.
Dependable. Estate or farm, go anywhere.
ADVERTISER 2503, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER'S POSITION wanted by
middleaged American, in motherless or
adult home. Anywhere. ADVERTISER 2506,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MARRIED man with small
family, wants position as foreman on
farm; life time experience, excellent refer¬
ence. ADVERTISER 2508, care Rural New-
Yorker.

COUPLE, RELIABLE, wish position. Cook,
houseworker, gardener, carpentry, general
handy. ADVERTISER 2509, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FARMER, SINGLE, desires position as care¬
taker or on a small place. Experienced
all around. MEHREN, 20 North William St.,
New York.

FARMER WANTS working superintendent’s
job, 25 years experience Grade-A milk
production, breeding, care purebred horses,
dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, all farm
livestock, fruit, general farming. $100 to $125
month. Don’t answer unless you mean
business stating full information. ADVER¬
TISER 2512, care Rural New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED, pan operator, 12
years experience, also familiar all branches
country and city operations. ADVERTISER
2511, care Rural New-Yorker.

ALL-ROUND farmer, married, small family,
life experience, general dairy, fruit, etc.;
nine years present position, wants situation
October 23 or sooner. References. ADVER¬
TISER 2523, care Rural New-Yorker.

Mrs. Theodore Douglas Robinson, Mohawk,
New York, highly recommends a reliable,
married man, superintendent of estate and
farm for seven years. Can be interviewed.

HOUSEKEEPER EXPERIENCED, excellent
cook, Protestant, intelligent. E. DUNN,
P. O. Box 96, Grand Central Annex,
New York.

[ Country Board

RIVERSIDE FARMS: Large, all modern,
heated, country home; near mountains; $7
and $9 weekly. Woodstock, Va.

TWO VACANCIES in a small convalescent
home for chronic, bedridden, convalescent
or elderly patients. Excellent i food, good
care; from $25 weekly. ADVERTISER 2291,
care Rural New-Yorker,

SETTLED MAN wants room and board,
farm conveniences, 50 miles from New
York; $7 per week. Write BOX 190, Yonkers,
New York.

BOARDERS WANTED on farm. Come South
for the Winter. Dollar-day. L. HOTINGER,
Parnassus, Va.

BOARDERS WANTED, in a modern country
home. Ideal for retired, aged guests. Home
atmosphere. Christians. MRS. E. OMAN
ROSE, Stony Point, N. Y.

MODERN FARM home, good home cooking,
ideal, permanent home for elderly, retired
persons; reasonable. O. FRITSCHE, Wappin-
gers Falls, N. Y.

PLEASANT, KINDLY, young matron will
board elderly, lonely or sick folks on
ch'eerie Catskill farm. MARY HADDEN,
Athens, N. Y.

WILL BOARD little girl on my farm in
Pennsylvania; very reasonable; good care.
ADVERTISER 2481, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENTLEMAN OF 60 would like board and
room, small town or country preferred;
near college or good reference library. In
good health* willing to assist around house
and garden to reduce cost. State details
and price to writer. ADVERTISER 2490, care
Rural New-Yorker.

QUIET CHRISTIAN lady seeks home,
moderate rates; with adult family; city
or farm. ADVERTISER 2520, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

FINE HONEY: 60 lb. can here, white clover
$4.60; extra white $4.80; mixed clover-
fruit $3.80. 10 lb. pail delivered clovers

$1.65 and $1.75; mixed or buckwheat $1.40.
Honey for i-esale in retail packages. RAY
WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield. N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY, 24 boxes No. 1, $3; fancy
$3.50; 60 pounds extracted $3.90. WALTER
A. WOOD, Naples, N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid and
comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third zone.
Eat honey, nature’s own sweet. FRANK
MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

CLOVER HONEY, 10 lbs. $1.50 prepaid.
SPENCER BAIRD, Fayetteville, N. Y.

WANTED— Russet apples for cider. JOSEPH
TATRO, Hartsdale, N. Y.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 90c third zone; fourth $1.
JOSEPH FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

SWEET POTATOES, selected Eastern Shore
variety, $1.25 per bushel; $2.75 per barrel,
F. O. B. Painter. GEORGE WARREN,
Painter, Va.

NEW HONEY, our choicest white clover.

60 lbs. $4.80; extra white $4.60; white
$4.25; light amber $3.90; amber $3.75. A. J.
NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

NEW CROP shellbark meats, 85c lb; 2
lbs. $1.65; 5 lbs. $3.85 P. P. paid. R. L.
HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

GEORGIA PAPER shell pecans, new crop.

Large fancy blend, 10 lbs. $2.50. Express
prepaid. WHIPPOORWILL PLANTATION,
Valdosta, Georgia.

CLOVER HONEY postpaid into third zone;

1-5 lb. pail 85c; 2 pails $1.60. CHARLES
R. MILLER, 2003 Northampton St., Easton,
Penna.

PURE VERMONT maple syrup, $2.50 gallon;

one-half galllon $1.50; 5 lb. pail soft sugar
$1.75 postpaid third zone. MAPLE LANE
FARM, 224 East Ave., Burlington. Vt.

NEW HONEY: Our best quality white
clover, 60 lbs. $4.25; 120 lbs. $8. J. G.
BURTIS, Marietta, N. Y.

NECTAR BRAND clover honey, prepaid
third zohe. 5 lb. pail 80 cents; two for
$1.50. Buckwheat 75 cents; two for $1.40.
Comb and glass honey for resale. HONEY
BROOK APIARIES, Coxsackie, N. Y.

Miscellaneous

WANTED — Lighting plant, Kohler preferred.

Will pay cash. JOHN AMIRAULT, Box
28, Malden, Mass.

FOR SALE; Two unit Universal short-tube
milking machines, complete with pump
and pipe fittings. STONEACRES FARM,
Box 590, Princeton, N. J.

FOR SALE; Buckwheat mill, flour mill, feed
mill, cider mill, elevators, water turbines,
all still in place. F. SCHORADT, New
Lisbon, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 100 cords hard wood. Write
BROAD MEADOWS FARM, 20 Virginia
Road, White Plains, N. Y.

WANTED — Used walking tractor about five
horsepower. ADVERTISER 2469, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANT 30 to 40 horsepower unit in good
mehanical condition. P. O. Address, WM.
J. HOLLENBECK, Munnsville. N. Y.

WANTED — Orphan or homeless girl to be
educated with daughter, 5-8 years, healthy,
good character. ADVERTISER 2486, care
Rural New-Yorker.

IMPORTANT — Anyone knowing where¬
abouts of Robert or Eugene Stevens,
brothers, 16-20 yeai'S. Please write ADVER¬
TISER 2482, care Rural New-Yorker,

WANTED TO buy one belt power hay
press, also one hammer mill; these ; ma¬
chines must be in first class condition.
S. B. O’HAGAN, Voorheesville, Albany
County, New York.

FOR SALE: Complete Alexander Hamilton
Modern Business Course. 26 text volumes
including complete reading guides, lectures,
problems and solutions. Purchase price '$182;
will sell for $50. ADVERTISER 2525, care
Rural New-Yorker.

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

545

The Henyard

■ By T. B. Charles

Raising Pullets in Fall

Will it be a good plan to raise
pullets now? How many breeders
must I keep to raise 4,000 chicks
annually? ✓ P- p-

Rearing a special flock of Fall
pullets should be good business for
many reasons. First, it allows the
use of your brooding facilities to
better advantage, and thus cuts
down the overhead charge per bird
raised. Second, it makes possible
the more careful culling of the flock
during the Fall and Winter, so that
these Fall pullets can fill in the va¬
cant pens. In the third place, it
makes possible more uniform egg
production. Fourth, it helps to level
off labor requirements, and last but
not least ,the birds that are released
for market are liable to be sold at
a time when prices are at a better
level than is the case with Spring
hatched pullets.

It would be good business to hatch
pullets about every three to four
months, and thus keep both brooding
and laying houses working to nearly
full capacity the year round. If you
followed this program, it would re¬
quire about one-fourth as many
breeders to produce 4,000 chicks
annually as would be the case if all
chicks were' hatched in the Spring.
Number of breeders required would
also depend on how many hatches
you wish to make. If one hatch is
desired, estimating 60 per cent pro¬
duction and 75 per cent hatcha-
bility, saving eggs one week only,
you would need about 1,300 breed¬
ers. If hatching four times a year,
1,000 chicks each hatch, on a basis
of 50 per cent production and 70
per cent hatchability, you should be
able to get along nicely with about
400 breeders. In either case, one
would need to allow suitable leeway
for culling and mortality. For this
reason more birds would have to be
housed so that at the time hatching
eggs were being saved the above
number of birds would be available
as a minimum.

Trouble With Vaccination

I vaccinated 200 five-month-old
Rock and Leghorn pullets with fowl
pox and fowl laryngotracheitis vac¬
cine at the time they were laying
about 35 eggs a day. After about 16
days laryngotracheitis broke out in
both houses. They lost weight,
stopped laying, just- sat around and
wheezed and gasped. I lost about 20
of them. I have been vaccinating for
the past four years and have never
had this happen before; always
bought vaccine from the same labo¬
ratory. They were in good shape
and weight when vaccinated. Can
you give me any idea why this
should happen? I have about 400
more to vaccinate but am afraid to
do it. These birds were on range
and were housed when vaccinated.

New Jersey h. b.

If laryngotracheitis broke out 16
days after you vaccinated, it is my
personal opinion that someone was
careless in applying the vaccine, or
in handling the birds during vac¬
cination. It is apparent that these
birds got some of this virus and came
down with a natural outbreak of
laryngotracheitis.

I would advise that hereafter you
plan to vaccinate for fowl pox be¬
tween 8 and 16 weeks. Thus your
birds will not be subject to a
“double upset” at once. If birds
happen to oe infected with round-
worms or tapeworms, or any other
internal parasite, vaccination is much
more liable to upset them, than if
they ai*e free of disease.

As I see it, you have no choice
now but to vaccinate the remaining
birds, and plan another year to
vaccinate at different times, and
exercise greater care in handling
the vaccine.

Diarrhea and Sour Crop

I bought 100 Red-Rock cross
chicks supposed to be from a reliable
firm. They were bloodtested and we
received them July 10. When about
a week old they had white diarrhea,
and some failed to eat and their crop
seemed to be full of water. We fed
these chickens a laying mash, some
bred crumbs for a few days and an
egg boiled hard two or three times.
At about a week of age some fine

corn. We gave the chickens an epsom
salt flush, then added some butter¬
milk to the mash. We still have some
that every few days have water in
the crop and in a few days die.

Maryland b. l.

Diarrhea and sour crop in baby
chicks may be due to any one of
a variety of causes. Chilling or over¬
heating are liable to cause poor
growth, indigestion and diarrhea.
You can check up with your State
Disease Control Laboratory at
Centerville, Md., in regard to the
status of the flock from which the
chicks were produced. They can also
autopsy some of your chicks and
probably tell you what is wrong.

Chicks should be started on a
regular chick mash designed for that
purpose. Laying mash may work out
alright, but may be the source of
part of your trouble. If your chicks
were affected with pullorum disease,
your mortality would be heavy for
the first 10 days, and then let up.
However, they might also continue
to die during the first 10 to 12 weeks
from this cause.

Cannibalism

I have about 150 Dark Cornish
Indian game chickens about three
weeks old. They fight and pick each
other to pieces so bad some die.

Virginia l. g. b.

Cannibalism in Dark Cornish
chickens as well as any other
chickens, may be due to (1) lack
of exercise, (2) too low protein in
the diet, (3) slow feathering, caus¬
ing the chickens to start gating pin
feathers, (4) injury, causing some
to pick on one or two and start the
habit. There are, of course, one
hundred and one possible causes of
picking, but thqse listed above are
the most probable ones. We happen
to have some Dark Cornish chickens
this year and have had no trouble
with them. T would suggest that you
spread them cut and keep them busy.

Lice on Ducks and Geese

My ducks and geese have long
gray lice on them. Those are large
geese — 15 to 20 pounds and hard to
hold. j. w. d.

Lice on ducks and geese can be
controlled by dusting or greasing
the birds. Sodium fluoride or sodium
fluosilicate act as contact as well as
a stomach poison. This should be
dusted thoroughly into the feathers
of the goose.

Greasing with mercurial ointment
and Vaseline should also be effec¬
tive. Dilute 50 per cent mercurial
ointment with an equal part of
Vaseline, and rub some of this mix¬
ture below the vent and under the
wings of each bird. If birds are
seriously infested with lice they may
lose weight and go out of condition.
However, once the pests are under
control the birds should soon get
back in condition.

Vitamin E for Fertility

Can you tell me anything in re¬
gard to wheat germ meal for feeding
chickens and turkeys for egg fertility.
How much to feed, etc.; or is this
all talk and something to sell?

Connecticut e. c. f.

Results of work conducted at the
Illinois Agricultural Experiment Sta¬
tion and the National Research
Center have shown that Vitamin E
is essential in the diet for successful
reproduction.

It is usually considered that good
poultry rations cai'ry an ample supply
of Vitamin E. If poor results are
being secured in fertility, it would
be well to check the ration over
carefully, and if needed add wheat
germ oil. It would first be desirable
to find out if the poor fertility is
due to a nutritional deficiency, and
not to poor management.

Fattening Geese

I have some young geese, about
four months old. How do you feed
them to fatten them for market? All
mine eat is grass and a little cracked
corn, wet. h. e. p.

Geese can be fattened for market
by feeding corn and a moist mash.
The wet mash may consist of two
parts corn meal, one part middlings
mixed with liquid milk. This should
be fed three times a day, giving the
birds all they will readily clean up.

You can stop these losses easily. First,
have your plugs cleaned and regapped
regularly. Second, replace worn plugs
promptly, with AC’s of the correct “heat
range” for your engine.

ACS ARE SPECIALLY ENGINEERED

Spark Pings can
SAVE YOU MONEY!

Dirty or worn spark plugs can cut power
as much as 21%, and waste as much fuel
as one gallon in ten. Furthermore, they
cause hard starting, and you know what
that can mean to a battery.

Get Plugs CLEANED
where you see this Sign

AC plugs are expressly engineered for the
tough jobs of farming. That’s why they are
used on Allis-Chalmers, J. I. Case, Cletrac,
International Harvester, and other tractors
— and on more new cars and trucks than
any other plugs.

Take care of your spark plugs . . . and use
AC’s . . . and you’ll cut your power costs.w

SPARE SETS
COME IN HANDY

If you keep a spare
set of plugs on hand,
you can have the
dirty ones cleaned on
any trip to town.

AC SPARK PLUG DIVISION • General Motors Corporation • FLINT. MICHIGAN

SABOTAGE
IN THE
HEN HOUSE!

Roundworms are stealing feed from
your layers and reducing egg pro¬
duction. Get them with Dr. Hess
Poultry Worm Powder. It’s a
flock treatment — just mix with
a little feed — the birds do the rest.
Active ingredient is nicotine, the
recognized remedy for roundworms.
With the cost of treatment only lc
or less per bird, you can’t afford to
have wormy birds — see your Dr.
Hess Dealer. Or write

DR. HESS & CLARK, Inc.
Ashland, Ohio

Thousands of poultry raisers insist on
GIZZARD CAPSULES, the wormer
they KNOW won’t sicken birds or check
egg production. For all 3 kinds of worms
— Pin, Large Round and Large Tape
Worms. Gets the heads of all species of
Tapeworms that any product on the
market can get. GIVE them GIZZARD
CAPSULES NOW before “profit-rob¬
bing” worms hold back weight or steal
your winter egg money. Costs about
lc or less per bird. At your nearby Lee
Dealer, (drug, feed or hatchery) or post¬
paid from

GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.

-V CLEAR SPRING CHICKS

F TR 95% Guar. Pullets Str. Pits. Ckls.

LJI 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns. $8.50 $14.00 $5.00
Bar. Ply. Rocks & R. I. Reds.. 9.00 10.00 9.00

Red-Rocks & Wh. Ply. Rocks.. 9.50 10.00 9.50

N. II. Reds . 9.50 13.00 9.00

H. Mix, $8-100. All Breeders Bloodtested. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. I*. It will pay you to get our
1941 Free Catalog of 31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAHsterville, Pa.

FREE

NEW 1942 BOOK
ON EGG PROFITS!

Ways to help boost egg
production, now when
Uncle Sam is your best customer! How to Save
up to 15^ to 20% Feeding for Egg Produc¬
tion with the famous Ful-O-Pep Plan. Chap¬
ters on Grit, Housing, Feeding, Disease, etc., 32
pages well illustrated. A gold-mine of interest¬
ing and profitable information. For your free
copy write to

— A.i.urn nn nrnT i IT eUl('»Cn

leCHOKDf j*

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) .. $7.00 $12.00 $4.00

Bar. Rox & R. I. Reds . 8.00 9.00 8.00

N. II. Reds & Wh. Rox . 8.50 10.00 8.50

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 8.50 7.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, 8ox R. McAlisterville. Pa.

BnumcmMR's mm

Immediate shipment Postpaid Cash or C.O.D. Barred
and White Rocks, New Hampshires $8.00 per 100;
Heavy Mixed $7.00-100. All breeders Blood-Tested.
CIRCULAR FREE. 100% live arrival.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER. Box R. Beaver Springs, Pa.

hillside hatchery

- THE OLD RELIABLE PLANT -

We hatch all the Leading Breeds for
Broilers and egg production. WRITE
TO-DAY for prices and catalog giving
full details of our Flocks. All Breeders
Bloodtested. T. J. EHRENZELLER,
Box R, MCALISTERVILLE, PENNA.

MATTERN’S BLOODTESTED CHICKS -

Fast growing, early feathering Barred Rocks and New
Hampshires, $8.00-100. Good Healthy Chicks. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D.

M. F. MATTERN. R. 5, BEAVER SPRINGS. PA.

PtiIIaI-c May hatched. Hanson Str. W. Leg. grown
r UlieiS on free farm range. Healthy Pullets at
moderate prices. BROOKSIDE POULTRY FARM,
E. C. Brown, Prop., Box R, Sergeantsville. N. J.

Leghorn Pullets V11T*

range. From blood tested stock. Vaccinated. Some now
laying. A. H. PENNY, MATTITUCK, NIW YORK

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a "square deal. “ See
guarantee editorial page. : ;

546

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 4, 1941

You wouldn’t run your car or truck
all year round without changing
the oil and grease as the seasons de¬
manded! Cows, too, need proper year-
round care to keep them in the peak
of health and production!

When your cows come off green
pastures — settle down for a long
period of dry feeding, cold weather
and inactivity — they may need a spe¬
cial mineral supplement that will help
keep up their summer-time condition
and help fortify them for healthy calv¬
ing and heavy milk production.
Near’s DIJES-TONE is a combina¬
tion of proven ingredients — appetizers
and digestive tonics; PLUS certain

vital mineral elements considered
necessary to a cow’s general well¬
being.

Don’t wait until your cows begin to
show signs of being off feed or out
of condition — start feeding Near’s
DIJES-TONE now! Why not try and
see for yourself what this economical,
widely used, balanced mineral supple¬
ment might do for your herd in help¬
ing to promote good health, produc¬
tion and a more normal reproduction?

NEAR’S

DIJES-TONE

A DIGESTIVE TONIC AID AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT

to Dairymen!

Tell us how many head in your
herd and we’ll send FREE —

5 Mastitis (Garget) Testers
and booklet “Keeping your
Livestock Healthy and
Productive.”

k. *
kl N

W 1 A

V K _

NEAR’S FOOD CO., INC.
DEPT. A, Binghamton, N. Y.

I own a dairy of . (give number) Milch

Cows and . Dry and Young Stock. Send

me FREE Mastitis Testers and literature.

Name

Absorbine provides
prompt relief for
lameness, puffs,
bruises and swellings.
If used immediately,
Absorbine often keeps
horse at work. It
speeds blood flow to
the injury to help
carry off congestion.
Often brings swellings
down in a few hours.

Absorbine is not a “cure-all” but of proven
help in relieving fresh bog spavin, windgall,
collar gall and similar congestive troubles.
Many veterinaries have used it for over 40
years. Never blisters or removes hair. $2.50 for
a LONG-LASTING BOTTLE. At all drug¬
gists. W. F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

Keep Horse At Work

Use ABSORBINE

Dr, Naytor9s

UNITE

A thorough treatment for
stubborn conditions-Cow Pox,
Hoof Rot, Hoof Lameness,
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* Antiseptic* Per bottle $1.00.

At dealers or by mail postpaid.

H. W. Naylor Co ., Morris, N.Y.

Send for Free, Helpful, New
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Other Livestock— Dogs and Foxes

Profit From
High Livestock Prices!

M NtlYlA

WORM CAPSULES

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

Nema Worm Capsules are scientifically
prepared, easy-to-give, dependable and
low in cost. Nema Worm Capsules are
available in various sizes to remove

THE book relates many of his unusual exper-
iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and gfven a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It fs an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members o£the family.

Price $2.75 Postpaid
New York City residents add 2% for Sales Tax
For Sale By

THE’.RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

stomach worms in sheep, large round-
worms in hogs, and hookworms in
other animals.

Sand For Fraa Booklet No. 650

Write to Animal Industry Dept., Desk N-39-K

PARKI, DAVIS & CO., DETROIT, MICH.

Drug Sforos Soil Parko-Davit Product*

Publisher’s D esk

I ordered a quantity of nursery
stock to be paid for upon delivery.
Since then illness in the family and
other unexpected heavy expenses
make it a great hardship to pay for
the trees. I frankly wrote my cir¬
cumstances asking them to cancel
the order and told them I was unable
to make payment. They immediately
shipped the stock and when I re¬
fused to accept it, began dunning me.
Can I be forced to pay for and ac¬
cept the stock according to the con¬
tract? What would you advise? Do
I have to take the trees? a. l. c.

New York

Some concerns would be con¬
siderate under such circumstances
especially if ample time was given
for cancellation They would make
suggestions or arrangements to ac¬
commodate the customer to meet his
changed condition. To disregard his
frank statement and promptly ship
the goods shows a complete disregard
of ordinary courtesy. It is true
business must be run on certain fixed
lines and a concern is within its
legal right to enforce payment of
a signed contract, but indifference
to a customer is not conducive to a
resumption of business relations an¬
other time and does not build up
a company’s reputation in a neigh¬
borhood. We would like to advise
our friend to refuse to accept the
nursery stock but the company has
the definite order, has filled it and
is legally entitled to payment.

I have an old violin marked
Antonius Stradivarius Cremonentis
Faciebat Anno 17. Can you tell me
if it has any value? R. m.

New York

An authority tells us that for two
centuries thousands of commercial
violins were produced in Germany,
France and Austria, which were
more or less copies of the great
Italian makers and for every original
Stradivarius m the United States there
are many thousands of such com¬
mercial copies. This is true of Amati,
Stainer, Guarnerius and other 17th
and 18th century violin makers.
Many are quite accurate and must
be examined by experts to establish
whether or not they are genuine.
It is, however, a remote possibility
for an original to turn up. In the
case of the one inquired about it is
definitely not a Stradivarius but a
copy probably made within the last
75 years. It has only an ordinary
commercial value. It was the prac¬
tice of counterfeiters to insert repro¬
ductions of the maker whose violin
model was copied.

I don’t know how to thank you
for the great service you did for me.
If it were not for your writing to
the insurance company I would not
have received one cent from them.
They only did pay me for five weeks’
illness instead of ten weeks and sent
me a check of $125; and then they
think they gave me too much. I
wish other people could know how
they used me. This paper has done
me a big favor. We have been tak¬
ing it for years and we always look
for it. As we always have it first
on our list and will continue it for
life. Please send me a bill for what
you did. mrs. j. b. m.

New Jersey

We have no bill. We are only glad
to do a helpful service for a friend
and wish we could collect all the
just accounts that are sent to us.
The goodwill and friendship of our
readers are ample pay for our work.

We enjoy The Rural New-Yorker
very much. There is so much in it
to help one. I first knew the paper
as my grandfather, Charles N.
Klammer, took it and I lived with
him. He served 3 % years in Com¬
pany B, 149, New York Volunteers
of Syracuse and part of the time
was barber for the officers. If any
in his Company are still alive, I
would like to know. mrs. l. c. l.

New York

It is not our purpose to use this
column to locate missing friends, but
occasionally the request is of special
importance and we break our rule.
We will be glad to hear from any
who knew Charles Klammer.

Some time ago I started to take
a course in machine "shop. I took it
for about three months, then I ran
into some hard luck and had to drop
the course. I tried to explain it to
them but now they state that if I
do not pay them $20 they will make
it hard for* me. They also want me
to pay $10 a month. As there is no
way that I can see how I can pay
them, I would like to know what
to do? c. s.

Connecticut

There is nothing we can do to
persuade these schools to cancel
contracts. Once a contract is signed
they are legally covered in insisting
on payment. If gross misrepresen¬
tation can be proved sometimes a
contract will be cancelled but finan¬
cial inability to pay is not accepted
as a justifiable reason for cancella¬
tion. They can go into court on a
signed agreement but they would be
obliged to serve a summons and this
would have to be answered or a
judgment would be issued. While
they dun and threat, sometimes the
matter would be too much of an
expense to pursue through the courts
and they drop it, but legally such
claims can be collected unless mis¬
representation is proved.

I wish to thank you for your
interest in getting my daughter’s
suitcase back. The other student
nurses received their things by in¬
sured mail. I feel sure we would
never have gotten them if it had
not been for your efforts even though
we did not have much hope after
others had failed. mrs. h. a. m.

New Jersey

This was a small service we were
able to do for our reader. It did
seem hopeless but we persisted and
eventually succeeded. When loss
occurs, whether cash or goods, it is
wise to get busy on the investigation
in a reasonable time. Irresponsible
people sometimes take the interval
to do the disappearing act.

I have been churning and selling
butter and buttermik from an ac¬
credited dairy for several years. My
customers are anxious for same. Can
customers come with their own con¬
tainers to my farm and get the
products? c. a. s.

New York

Yes; it is necessary however to
have a local health officer’s permit to
sell the butter and buttermilk, but
there is no record indicating that a
license is required. Inspection is not
essential but the Department of
Agriculture and Markets has the
authority to inspect and sample to
determine whether the dairy pro¬
ducts are what they are represented
to be arid whether the butter contains
the required percentage of butterfat.

Would a connection with the
Liberty Trading Stamp Company,
Rochester, N. Y., stimulate our busi¬
ness? They offer premiums for
trading stamps which are to be given
customers with each purchase.

New York s. p.

This business was registered by
Lawrence Grening under the name
Liberty Trading Stamp Company
with several addresses in New York
and one in Rochester. Complaints
were received that he refused to
accept coupon books for redemption
and there was some difficulty in
getting premiums. Many premium
plans are carried out to the letter
and work well but some others do
not. The premiums promised are
not forthcoming or when received
they are found to be inferior. It is
wise to check up on the company
before getting tied up in the plan.

My mother paid $100 for one
share of stock in the Vanderveer
Canarsie Improvement Syndicate.
She was not allowed to read what
she was signing but the salesman
just pulled the paper out enough
for her to sign. Is there any value
to it? m. e. p.

New York

This corporation seems to have
disappeared. We cannot find any
value for the stock. The method used
to sell the stock can not be recom¬
mended and indicates the necessity
of refusing to sign for or pay out
any money without full particulars.

WRIGHT’S HEALTH UNDERWEAR

Men’s wool union suits
and also wool shirts and
//a^ 1 drawers give greatest

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/// ) j (so>) Also new Patented rein-

lif Jfl J) forced supporter double

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their body comfort.

.. _ Ask at your retail stores.

REG.U.SiPATlOFFl Dq u Now

WRIGHT’S UNDERWEAR CO.

345 Broadway - New York

Buy WRIGHT’S Underwear For Christmas

CUffD Your live poultry to New York’s oldest
•J A* * * live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Ine.

Box 80, Went W •ehlnxton Market, New Y ork City

POST YOUR LAND NOW!

Signs 12xl2in_ cardboard 50 for $2.50; 100 for $4.00.
Linen, 25 for $3.50. Name and address $1.00 extra.
BRAYF.R PRESS, 51 Lenox St., ROCHESTER, N Y.

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER A. SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St., New York

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GRAU TO

17 Jay St. New York City

DATHR00MS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
•* Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue R. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED —rli

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints. 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE. LaCROSSE. WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany. N. Y.

FOR INVENTORS recordVr^

Write today for valuable 72-page booklet * How to Get
YourPatent”and‘*Record of Invention” form— both FREE.

L. F. Randolph, 501 Victor Bldg., Washington, D. C,

Whiskey Barrels empuedaIIonFine ,rfS

cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each ; 2 for $7.00.
Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.

Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS

CASH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, III.

HOGSHEADS FOR ALL FARM PURPOSES

Heads dropped inside. Capacity 120 gallons. $2.00 for
one; $1.50 each for two or more, F.O.B. New York.

HENRY A. THORNDIKE, Newport. Rhode Island

NO TRESPASSING SIGNS — 36 for $1 prepaid.
11 x 11 in. cardboard. Comply with state laws.
Douglas Ames, 596 Dixwefl Ave., New Haven. Conn.

CIDER APPLES WANTED

PALMER’S MILL, COS COB, CONNECTICUT

LONG ISLAND SOIL TESTING SERVICE

,,, La"n and Garden Problems. Farm Appraisals.

33 Washington Ave., Amityville, N. Y. Phone 257.

| Farms For Sale,to Rent, etc. |

FOR SALE: Brick store and house com¬
bined. 1109 Main St., Honesdale, Pa.

FOR SALE: 40 acres wooded land, brook

no buildings; $2,000; cash $500; balance
monthly. Also dairy and fruit farms. Free
list. HARRY ' VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

DELAWARE STATE poultry and dairy
farms, from $1,000 up; easy terms.
STUCHLIK AGENCY, Milton, Delaware.

Warwick, N. Y. "

FOR SALE: 65 acre farm, stocked with
cows and poultry, house with city im¬
provements, large modern barn and other
buildings in excellent condition on black
road; nice location. Must be sold. A.

SILVERSTEIN, North Franklin, Conn.

FOR SALE: Nicely situated 84 acre farm
on macadamized road, seven room house,
electricity, concrete cow stable, stock, tools,
everything on farm. Particulars, owner
GEO. H. MITCHELL, R. D. 2, Middleburgh,
N. Y. (Schoharie County).

WHO HAS a well located farm with stock
and tools to exchange for a business block
on Court St., Binghamton, N. Y. Present
income $4,500 annually. FRANK D. ROBIN¬
SON, 58 Exchange St., Binghamton, N. Y.

HEALTH SEEKERS: Will trade modern.

stucco, 9 room home, cost $12,000; 1 acre
ground, in village of sunny, dry-climate
Colorado. Deep well water system. Butane
gas system, furnace, air-conditioned, elec¬
tricity, double garage, beautifully land¬
scaped. newly decorated, suitable for
doctor’s office, hospital and residence, or
small hotel, (would sell furnishings) ; for
modern dairy and poultry farm equipped
and stocked, dependable gravity water
system, close to village. Land must be tilla¬
ble, not too stony, with good pastures and
wood lot. Describe buildings fully and send
snapshots. Or might consider buying such
a farm on easy terms. L. W. BLANCHARD,
M. D., Kirk, Colorado.

ORANGE COUNTY, New York. Do you
want a good dairy or poultry farm, small
farm with brook, home, store or country
business, cheap? See me before you buy
and save. ‘0300” BENTON, Otisville, N. Y.
Free list.

WANTED TO buy small farm, convenient
New York. ADVERTISER 2463, care Rural
New-Yorker.

150 ACRE farm for sale, old house, huge
fireplace, brick bake oven. Beautiful view.
600 young apple trees, splendid running
spring water, electricity, Farmall tractor,
truck, milk route. Would consider renting
to responsible party. ADVERTISER 2465,
care Rural New-Yorker.

GRIST AND cider mills, water power farm
implements, feed, fertilizers. $5,000. AD¬
VERTISER 2466, care Rural New-Yorker.

THIRTY COW dairy farm, fully equipped,
near Canandaigua, N. Y. Porducers, deal¬
ers license. Milk retailed at farm. $7,000
annual income. Easy terms. SCOTT
GEROULD, Canandaigua, N. Y.

HARDWARE STORE for sale in Westchester,
inventory about $9,000; no exchanges.
$6,500 cash required. Draft call reason for
selling. ADVERTISER 2467, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 150 acre farm, hay, stream,
wood; good. E. E. MADARA, Palermo,
New Jersey.

WILL EXCHANGE or sell two valuable sea¬
shore lots in Wildwood, N. J.; for small
comfortable house and farm land. ADVER¬
TISER 2468, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANT TO rent three or more rooms with
water, electricity; city or country pre¬
ferred, about New Haven, Waterbury or
Hartford. Rent about $25. GREENE, 485
East 188th St., Bronx, N. Y. C.

FOR SALE: Florida, 79 acres finest citrus
land, free from frost; 20 acres paying
grove; 59 acres usable groves, farming, ex¬
cellent soil; furnished bungalow, all modern
conveniences, garage; $10,000. EDWARD

TURVILLE, Clermont, Florida.

FOR SALE or exchange, house, cottage,
conveniences. CASTLE, Millville, N. J.

ORANGE COUNTY : Large modern dairy
farm, 250 acres, private lake. Colonial
home, new barn, farmers’ cottage; old age.
$25,000. “DOC” BENTON, Otisville, N. ^T„
near Middletown.

WANTED TO rent or on shares, equipped
New York State farm, capable maintain¬
ing 15-30 milk cows plus replacements.
Optional whether stocked. Write description
to ADVERTISER 2477, care Rural New-
Yorker.

17 ACRE farm, 10 miles from city of
Syracuse, on main highway. Has all
modern conveniences, near school, bus line
and other conveniences. In A-l condition.
$7,500. For more information write ADVER¬
TISER 2478, care Rural New-Yorker.

AVOCA, N. Y. center of “Little Maine
Potato Country.” 140 acres, 7 room house,
72 foot barn, running water, 2,000 bushel
potato cellar, garage, poultryhouse, creek,
woods; $3,500. 28 acres, improved road, 27
miles Buffalo, 5 acres woods, fine house,
bath, electricity, barn, milkhouse, hay,
stock, tools. Farm catalog on request. HUNT
REALTOR, Brisbane Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y.

FOR SALE: 40 cow dairy business; Central
New Jersey. Favoi-able lease; top milk
market. ADVERTISER 2479, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY COMPANY.
Southington, Conn.

170 ACRES, 7 room house, barns, 20 cows.

4 horses, 2,000 fruit, 2,000 grapes, tractor,
timber, $8,000. Five acres, 8 room house,
barn, fruit, $2,000; terms. Dutchess County.
S. PANEK, Clermont, N. Y.

GARAGE. CABIN, roadstand (site); 10 acres:

state road. Cobleskill. New bungalow. 15
apples; $1,300, $300 cash, $15 monthly.

CORA CHASTAIN, Fultonville, N. Y.

WELL PAYING dairy farm. 235 acres.

about 22 miles from Hartford, Conn.; with
stock and tools for sale. Price $8,800, cash
$5,900. ADVERTISER 2452, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE or rent, long time lease, 40x60
building on a railroad siding in one of
largest poultry and dairy areas; suitable
for a grain store and lumber; plenty space
outside the building. A. SILVERSTEIN.
North Franklin, Conn.

FARM, 25 acres, house, coops; near Smith-
town, L. I. $5,500. ADVERTISER 2458,
care Rural New-Yorker.

SALE, CASH, 4 room bungalow, electricity.

running water; near church, school and
beaches. Write for particulars. FRED
DONALDSON, Tuckahoe, N. J.

FOR RENT: Farm with modern 6 room
and bath cottage, approximately 50 acres
productive Delaware Valley land. New Hope
section. Also accommodations for poultry if
desired. Write or telephone L. O. HEAD.
230 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y., for ap¬
pointment to discuss details.

MODERN POULTRY farm, 5.000 capacity;

also smaller ones, excellent locations.
GEORGE COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE: Chicken farm, 5 acres, 5 room
house, bath, heat, running water, elec¬
tric light, 1,500 White Leghorns. 110x20 ft
house with feed house, 2 60x20 ft. 2 brood¬
er houses, 5 colony houses, brooders and
incubators. G. GROSS, Box 281, Route 1
Laureldale, Mays Landing, N. J.

FOR SALE: Established country boarding
business, 10 acre farm, 200 woods, good
buildings, electricity, natural gas, running
water, telephone, stone road, one mile to
U. S. 6 and railroad; excellent for club
Also farms, general potato and dairy, 70.
250. 400 acres, 1 acre with camp or cottage,
good hunting and fishing. All in beautiful
wooded mountainous section of Potter
County. Owner R. D. GIBSON, Ulysses. Pa.

EXCHANGE, RENT or sell, modern equip¬
ped Vermont dairy, poultry farm. U. S.
5. Good buildings. Large income. Lake,
tourist cabins, gas station. ADVERTISER
2487, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 17 acre fruit farm, leading
varieties, fruits, 8 room house, conveni¬
ences. Large shady lawn, excellent location.
Price $8,500, terms. H. E. MacMAHAN.
Spring Road, Vineland, N. J.

97 ACRES, good 8 room house, poor barn.

brook, $800. 160 acre equipped dairy farm,
flowing brook, electricity, 10 room house,
running water, dairy barn, silo, other build¬
ings, 20 head of stock, team, machinery, all
crops; bargain at $7,000. cash $2,500.
STARKWEATHER, Grand St., Oneonta.
New York.

EASTERN SHORE farm, 250 acres, near
Salisbury, Maryland. Soil adaptable for
farming or pasturage, 12 room house, run¬
ning water, old shade trees; sale after 63
years ownership. JAMES A. WALLER.
Hebron, Maryland.

79 ACRES, excellent soil, near school,
churches, busy mill town, market at door.
Buildings old but serviceable, 20 cow
stable, all tools. Same family 82 years. Fail¬
ing health. $4,200, half cash. D. TINKHAM,
Perry, Wyoming County, New York.

120 ACRES, level, state road farm, all on
one side of road. 12 rooms, modern. $6,000.
Bare farm near Dartmouth College, Han¬
over. HATTIE EVERETT, Lyme, N. H.

$700 CASH will secure deed to farm, 300
acres, crops if taken at once, excellent
buildings, hot and cold water in house
and barn. BOX 286, R. D. 1, Gloversville,
New York.

WANTED — Stocked and equipped farm.

Must be on or near good road; New York
State preferred. Give full particulars in
first letter. $1,500 dowrr payment. Write
ADVERTISER 2498, care Rural New-Yorker.

WILL SELL modern home with chicken
farm and apple orchard ; 20 acres in

Barnegat, N. J. ELEANOR RIDGWAY,
Green Village, N. J.

OLD FARM, Massachusetts Berkshires, 400
acres, unfailing stream, 50 acre meadow,
large barn, six room house easily modern¬
ized, attractive scenery. Will sell or rent'
for stock raising. ADVERTISER 2524, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FLORIDA PLANTATION for sale, ideal for
stock raising and growing of corn, po¬
tatoes, tobacco and cotton; mild climate
and long growing season, producing two
crops per year; offers unusual opportunity
for aggressive and wide-awake farmers. 2,200
acres wonderful rich soil, red clay foun¬
dation, producing prize winning crops; 850
acres cleared for farming, balance in young
growing timber, four miles street frontage,
price only $12 per acre, reasonable terms.
Apply to CHAS. G. WOODBRIDGE,
(owner), 77 Central Ave., Lynn. Mass.

xarm, o to iu acres, good
house, electricity and water with barn
and henhouse with in 75 miles of New
vpot T|#Rd photos, price and terms. AD-
VERTISER 2517, care Rural New-Yorker.

Help Wanted

wages $60 and board. Write age refir-

WANTED COUPLE, white,
country home; good cook
handyman, care yard, garden.
Private apartment. Immediate
BOX 49, Stanton, N. J.

for modern
housekeeper,
some driving,
opening. Write

WANTED — Man for general farm work.

Reliable, sober. MRS E. C. BAYER
Callicoon, N. Y.

WANTED — A live young man of good
habits that is faithful and trusty, that
saves his money, that is interested in regis¬
tered Holstein-Friesian cows; for general
farming. Will pay good wages. ADVER¬
TISER 2416, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL FOR general housework, assist with
care of two children. Private room, $6 a
week. References. MRS. FREDERICK
BRANCH, 8 Rugby Road, Binghamton, N. Y.

WANTED — Refined girl over 18, teachers
family; near Boston. Two children; nice
home, own room and radio; good wages
References. MRS. CUMMINGS, Kendai
Green, Mass.

WANTED IN Central Ohio, married man.

experienced in running retail milk route
in city. Good opportunity for one who can
prove himself a business getter. ADVER¬
TISER 2454, care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN to take complete charge of
60 cow barn, dairy farm, near Washington,
D. C.; to work on salary and commission.
GEO. WICKS, 4131, Elbridge St.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

SUITABLE MEN and women for ward at¬
tendants. Must be of good character; well
recommended. U. S. citizens. New York
State residents. Between 18th and 45th birth¬
day, and without physical defect. Appoint¬
ments provisional, subject to approval of
civil service commission. Salary $54 per
month and maintenance. Apply in person
at the WASSAIC STATE SCHOOL.
Wassaic, N. Y.

WANTED HELP, general houseworkers,
chambermaids, waitresses, child’s nurses,
cooks; excellent salaries. $50 to $80 per
month. McNALLY’S CRESCENT EMPLOY¬
MENT AGENCY, 223 Park Ave., Hunting-
ton, Long Island. Phone 1086 Hunt.

WANTED — Farm and dairy man for steady
job. Salary $35 per month and board.
Write age. and experience. JAN EHLKES.
R. F. D. No. 3, Skillman, N. J.

WANTED — Girl for general housework. $25
a month, room and board. Two small
children. Position permanent. New modem
home in country. J. N. GREENE, Taunton
Hill. Newtown, Conn.

FARMHAND, ASSISTANT on poultry farm:

7 miles from Washington. Labor saving
devices. Must be man of character. No
liquor. $30 month and keep. MILTON E.
ROBERTS, West Falls Church. Va.

MIDDLEAGED SINGLE farmer to help milk
and work around the barn; a steady job
with good home and wages. References.
ROUX, Walden, N. Y.

ELDERLY MAN to do milking and chores
on farm for the Winter; 15 cows, milking
machine. ADVERTISER 2457, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANT A man, small dairy farm with 4
cows. Drive car, small milk route.
Salary $30 per month. HARRY VAN DUYNE.
Towaco', N. J.

CITY HOME in the country. Modern im¬
provements, short distance off U. S. 5A,
convenient to Hartford and Springfield, out¬
side work and excellent markets. 50 acres,
17 choice tillage. Several nice building sites,
winding creek. 8 room house, hardwood
floors, electricity, heat, attractive landscaped
lawn. Dairy barn. 2 silos and poultry houses
$6,500. FEDERAL LAND BANK, Spring-
field, Mass.

REAL OPPORTUNITY to rent dairy and
poultry farm in Columbia County, New
York, with capacity up to 30 cows, large
modern farm houses, etc. We offer the place
to a tenant under the most favorable con¬
ditions (sharing base) and are willing to
give an able and ambitious man with small
capital all possible help to start. Write
stating qualifications and references. AD¬
VERTISER 2518, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED HOUSEKEEPER, one adult under
39, honest, dependable, used to farm, dis¬
crip tion; no objection small child; good
home. BOX 545, Cooperstown, N. Y.

MARRIED MAN, general farmer, able to
drive car. Wife to do laundry and occa¬
sional housework if possible. Separate
cottage supplied. ADVERTISER 2460, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MOTHER’S HELPER, family of five, three
children. Kindly furnish references and
salary expected. ADVERTISER 2459, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COOK - WAITRESS, willing houseworker
with good references. ADVERTISER 2462,
care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL WHO likes children, to be chamber¬
maid, nurse and drive car. State refer¬
ences. ADVERTISER 2461, care Rural New-
Yorker.

• * — — — - vvviiKUl iUI/CICblCU III

good home, to help in modern fruit-farm
home near Albany, N. Y. Snapshot and
references requested. ADVERTISER 2464
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Dairy farmer, sober, clean and
dry-hand milker. Wages $30 per month
with board. CLARENCE VARIAN, Peekskill,
New York.

MOTHERS’ HELPER, two children, own

room, convenient time off; $30-$40.
BLANK, 135-07 227th St., Laurelton, N. Y.

LABORERS WANTED at once, 55 cents per

hour. Landscaping, stone work, roads, tree
moving, 54 hour week. Southern Connecticut.
State age and experience in first letter
DRAWER “R,” Ridgefield, Conn.

MARRIED OR single man, good habits to
work on dairy farm. Good wages. Send
particulars with first letter. McCOMB
BROTHERS, Bluemont, Va.

COOK-HOUSEWORKER, Protestant phy-

home; $50 month. MRS. RICHARD
TOMEC, 42 Melrose Place, Montclair, N. J.

WANTED — Middleaged woman to care for
, eideriy lady and housework. State wages
MRS MINNIE VAN WERT, White Lake
New York.

WANTED — Second maid for chamberwork

and waitress. Give experience and refer¬
ences. MRS. EDWARD L. PRUYN, Sharon
Connecticut.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE between age of 30

and 45 for private estate in Ohio, one
who understands his work thoroughly; must
lie neat and good worker; to care for 1 000
laying hens, and 300 ducks. Permanent po¬
sition. Enclose references and wages ex¬
pected in first letter. BELMONT FARM
Perrysburg, Ohio.

WANTED — Reliable woman or girl for cook¬
ing, light housework, no laundry; family
one adult, four children; on farm near New
Hope, Pa. Good home, $25 to start. Write
full particulars. ADVERTISER 2470, care
Rural New-Yorker.

THREE MEN wanted on a dairy farm, must

be good milkers, teamsters and knowledge
of dairy work preferred. State age, weight
and height. Wages $60 month, room and
board. ADVERTISER 2471, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED, man must understand

care and plucking of dogs; woman cook,
housekeeper, laundress; $75 per month. Two
adults in family. Reply stating age,
nationahty and experience. ADVERTISER
2472, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN — Clean, sober for general work in
roadhouse. Good home, $30 to start
Island “d board- FIEDLER, Eastport, Long

MAN, SINGLE, to help on small dairy farm
near Danbury. New bam, modem equip-
ment. H. A„ 452 Broadway, New York City.

WANTED — (1) assistant cook for small

hotel. (2) mechanic, covering plumbing
and carpentering. (3) man to build a bank
barn during winter and spring. Write H .T
BENCHOFF, Woodstock, Va.

WANTED — Steady, reliable, single man;

white. Must be good milker, understand
horses. $40 per month and board; no
liquor. ADVERTISER 2475, care Rural New-
Yorker.

OPPORTUNITY FOR man and wife be-

tween 30 and 50 years, to become house
father and mother for group of boys in
reform school. Previous institutional ex¬
perience not required. Native American farm
people given preference. No dependents
accommodated. Write SUPERINTENDENT
Kis-Lyn, Pa. ’

WHITE GIRL or middleaged woman for
general housework. 102 Hamilton Road,
Ridgewood, N. J. *

on modem, dairy farm. Give references,
age and experience. Milking machine used.
Good wages. HORACE SMITH, Newtown
Conn. Tel. 17-5.

r liviale HELP wanted, general house-
worker, white preferred, to assist with
cooking, downstairs work, and children in
Christian family located in Albany N Y
suburb accessible to bus line. Up to" $15
weekly depending on experience. Refer-

e,1neS’ ^T1lf MT?S- H- S PRUYN. Loudon-
ville, N. Y„ or telephone Albany 3-4666
evenings.

WANTED — Single experienced dairy farmer-

absolutely sober, reliable. $65 month and
board. ADVERTISER 2480, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Woman for kennel work ex-

perienced, private kennel; or couple
Full particulars in first letter. ADVERTISER
2483, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — General farmer, single or
married, for dairy and general farm.
Must be good cow man, also teamster. Good
permanent job for right person. Give full
particulars to ADVERTISER 2485, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Woman or man for light work
on poultry farm. Feeders automatic. Will
furnish three room modem apartment and
excellent wages to ah excellent worker.
BOX 46, Star Route, Camden, Del. Phone
Bedford 4616.

SINGLE FARMER or man and wife on
modern dairy farm in village. Widow
owner needs experienced, reliable man or
couple. Best of living conditions and good
wages. Must be willing to assume some re¬
sponsibility. Character references. Write at
once for interview. F. E. JORDAN,
Sauquoit, N. Y.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’*
Exchange will be found on page 544 •

Let Beacon Test Cow

Earl R. Rail, Supt., Onondaga
County Home, Syracuse, who uses
Beacon Test Cow Ration, writes, “Wo
have a herd of 73 registered Holsteins.
Our average production is 455 lbs.
butterfat, 14,000 Iba. milk."

Ration Help Step-Up the

while helping you maintain the health

Production of Your Herd. of your herd.

You, Mr. Dairyman, have been
called on to share in the National De¬
fense effort — for the government has
asked you to increase milk production.

That’s why now, more than ever,
you should feed your cows Beacon Test
Cow Ration. In the 4'/2 years it has
been on the market, this nutritionally
balanced feed has enabled five cows of
different classes to establish new high
World’s Records!

Its chief purpose, however, is to help
YOU get more milk from your cows,

THE BEACON
MILLING CO., Inc.
Cayuga, N. Y.

The complete story of how Beacon
Test Cow Ration can help you step-up
your milk production is all told in a
free new dairy booklet, “Profitable
Dairy Management.” Accurate and in¬
formative, it’s yours for the asking.
Write for it today!

FPFFI Write for
met 5 „ Todoy ,

Earl T. Daniels, Pineville, Pa.,
is another leading poultry-
man who recommends B-B
Feeds. Says Mr. Daniels:
“Last fall I housed 2000 pedi¬
greed pullets raised on B-B
Feeds. They were a splendid
lot of birds that performed
exceptionally well in the lay¬
ing house. This year I plan to
house 3000 pedigreed birds
and will follow the B-B Com¬
plete Poultry Feeding Pro¬
gram for B-B gives my birds
what it takestoshowaprofit.”

Point®

THIS LEAVING PENNSYLVANIA SPEEDER

• t »,

Ahom a

qive&my /rifid&
u?hat it take& to-

Earl T. Daniels’ poultry plant has an annual output of 150,000 chicks and houses
4000 breeders. Above is his Certificate of Production which gave him Second
Place for S. C. R. I. Reds in the 1940 Pennsylvania Egg Laying Contest.

Ten million extra cases of eggs needed for the Defense Program!
In order to make the most of this opportunity, how important that
pouitrymen choose a proved program of feeding that will result in a
maximum production of profitable eggs.

Many of the most successful pouitrymen “Feed the B-B Way,”
thoroughly convinced that B-B Feeds do a highly satisfactory job
of building vigorous birds that maintain a high, profitable egg pro¬
duction.

We are so sure you will have an equally pleasing and profitable
experience with B-B Feeds that we urge you to promptly ask us or
your B-B dealer for a free copy of the B-B Complete Poultry Feed¬
ing Program and follow its sound, proved recommendations.

Rambling Along at Long

Acres

; The neighbors say speltz and, if
I am not mistaken, my Pennsylvania
Dutch, farm relatives call it emmer.
No matter what the name, this old
fashioned grain is coming back
around here for experience proves
it an excellent dairy and hog feed
when ground with oats. We tried it
and our three porkers fairly yell
for it in their slop of skijamilk while
Peggy, the young cow we raised,
shows it is good in the milk pail.
Two old raspberry patches went out
this Fall as they were getting poor
and very foul with weeds and in
went winter speltz, so next year we
shall have our own grain and straw.

I find too that the hens eat it greedily
although, unlike wheat, the shuck
stays on the kernel at thrashing
time. Part of Peggy’s milk increase
may be laid to the small piece I
sowed, to millet, soy beans and sudan
grass last Spring. This is tall, green
and succulent. Each day I cut enough
to give the cow a big feed for supper
as ' the pasture is dry.

My Pioneer, hybrid corn is the
best I ever grew, tall, dark green,
big fat ears hanging low, many
stalks with two ears and not a stalk
blown down as this variety has ex¬
ceptional root growth. Last year we
had three bushels of plums, this year
over 200 bushels and we had to go
some to get ' them picked. We sold
them at 45 cents for a half bushel.
The baskets cost 16 cents each.
Apples are a poor crop aroUnd here,
scarce and scabby due to bad weather
conditions; • pears are an excellent
crop and the peach crop was the
heaviest in years.

Why should anyone .go around
spreading gloom. There is so much
that is fine and good, so much that
is lovely and beautiful. Those weeds
in the pasture have beautiful, flower¬
ing tops with a fine scent, the purple
of iron weeds, the golden splendor
of golden rod, the pure white of
straw weeds, what more splendid
bouquet could you find? Lots of bugs
and grasshoppers but how glorious
they are when they speed with
spread wings of glowing colors, how
cheerful those crickets do sound, the
katydids fiddle fine tunes, hazelnuts
are ripening, the back porch is
loaded with many kinds of juicy
fruits, the back yard full of prospec¬
tive chicken potpies.

We fruit growers are up against
a changing world. Perishable fruit is
not in demand for canning at home
as it used to be. But the canners
are taking more fruit and paying
fairly good prices. This eliminates
the high cost of packages. The can-
ner usually does the grading so all
growers need to do is pick in lugs
or crates and deliver to the cannery.
But so far this outlet has not proved
sufficient as it takes only about ten
t>er cent of the immense fruit crop.

This Summer I noticed again a
peculiar fact. With recurrent heat
waves nearly baking us alive and a
rainfall deficiency getting serious,
our regular crops withered while
weeds grew as never before, seeming
actually to revel in heat and
drought. There were horse weeds
which needed an axe to cut them,
ragweeds like young trees, cockle
burr tall and broad, jimson weeds
like shrubbery and thistles like tall
corn. At every spare moment I was
out battling those weeds and am
still at it in hopes of preventing them
going to seed. But I am thankful
that I have the health and strength
to battle on. It is a glorious thing
to be able to work and have work
to do. You should see Pal waving
his white plume as he trots ahead
of me to the back fields. He is getting
very gray around the eyes now but
is the same faithful friend he has
always been and still thinks himself
my protector against those awful
rabbits and occasional woodchucks
or skunks. The missus helped take
old canes out of the raspberries until
one day she leaned down to cut a
cane and a large snake unwound
many coils close to her hand. That
finished her help at that job; we
never have found the snake and
even I am a bit squeamish about
the job in that patch. L. B. Reber

Berrien bounty, Michigan.

Coming Farmers’ Meetings

Oct. 5-12. — Danbury, Conn., Fair.

Maritime Milling Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

Oct. 11-18. — National Dairy Show,
Memphis, Tenn.

LET LOUDEN

DO THEIR WORK

0 Modern Louden Barn Equip¬
ment solves the farm help prob¬
lem. Your daily chores can be
done with half the usual help
if you use Louden steel stalls and
stanchions, water bowls, feed and
litter carriers, ventilation, and
other modern equipment. Be¬
sides, Louden equipment keeps
cows healthier, more comfortable
. . . insures that extra produc¬
tion our government needs now
for National Defense.

Nation-wide Barn Plan Service

Get the facts today about
Louden Barn Equipment and na¬
tion-wide Barn Plan Service.
Best ways to build or improve any
farm building. No obligation.
Write at once.

THE LOUDEN MACHINERY CO.

(Est. 1867)

1047 Broadway, Dept. R, ALBANY, NEW YORK
Branches: Fairfield, Iowa Toledo, 0. St. Paul, Minn.

"Everything tor FARM BUILDINGS

Here are the EXTRA features you get

in Papec Hammer Mills:

Longer hammers — save potver
30% to 50% more screen area —
faster grinding

Auger-fed blower — no clogging
3-ply hammer tips- — wear sharp
Bigger pulley — no belt slippage
Ask your dealer or send name on mar¬
gin of ad for FREE booklet showing how
Papec cuts feeding costs- Papec Machine
Co., 1010 N. Main St., Shortsville, N. Y.

PAPEC

HAMMER MILLS

World-Famous

StewarT

CLIPMASTER

Over 90 % of the world’s clipper users own and
PREFER STEWART clippers. New anti-friction
tension control assures perfect tension between
blades for cooler, lighter running — faster, easier
clipping. Makes blades stay sharp longer. The most
powerful clipper of its kind ever made. Lasts
longer. Fan-cooled, ball-bearing motor exclusive
Stewart design. Completely insulated in the special
EASY-GRIP handle barely 2 inches in diameter. The
finest, most enduring clipper ever made for cows, horses,
dogs, mules, etc. A 4H5.00 value for only ,$19 .95 complete.
100-120 volts. Special voltages slightly higher. At your
dealer’s or send $1.00. Pay balance on arrival. Send for
FREE catalog of Stewart electric and hand-power Clip¬
ping and Shearing machines. Made and guaranteed by
Chicago Flexible Shaft Company. 5598 Roosevelt Road.
Chicago. Illinois. 51 years mating Quality products. <j>

l/i Cords in 10 Hours /

ALONE you saw down trees,
etc., faster . easier than 4 men
with 2 oroaaout saws. Folds up
like jackknife — easily carried,
kyivea money, time, backaches. Praised
by farmers since 1883. New low priom*
Write for FREE catalog today!

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., P 2744 W. 37th Place, Chicago

A Pair of Contented Farm Horses

Photo — Arthur J. Lang, Jersey City. N. J.

Vol. c.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co..
333 W. 30th St., New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

October

-Class Matter July 17, 1936. at the Post
N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

No. 5514

550

D* RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

Cranberry Harvest on Cape Cod

Sanding a Cranberry Bog.

It’s Cranberry Harvest Time in Cape Cod.

Photos — American Cranberry Exchange

Sorting the Berries for Market or Storage.

HE last half of September and
most of October is a rush,
ticklish, and anxious time on
Cape Cod. It’s cranberry-
harvest time. Thousands of
pickers are literally raking in
the berries with the many-pronged, stubby¬
looking hand rakes. The farmers and growers
who own the 15,000 carefully controlled and
scientifically tended acres of bogs on the
Cape are rejoicing in the prospect of a crop
of probably 500,000 barrels.

Due to extensive advertising in the last few
years, the buying public is conscious of the
small, red fruit for more purposes^ than just
to accompany the roast turkey on Thanks¬
giving Day. Cranberry juice and jelly are
now in demand throughout
the year.

Regulated, special cold storage
plants also mean that the buying
public can have the fresh fruit
for a long season. The year’s
efforts are all concentrated just
now on a big harvest.

The first and one of the spec¬
tacular aspects of the harvest is
the hoarding of a water supply
behind strategically located dams
and dikes. If a frosty, freezing
night comes, the dams and dikes
are opened, and a sheet of water
is run over the bogs. Many
Summer visitors are puzzled as
to why cranberry bogs are as
level as a floor! It’s because of
the ravages of King Frost, both
in the blossoming seasons in June
and July, and" the harvest time in
the Fall. When the thermometer
falls below 34 degrees in blossom
time, or 30 degrees in harvest
season, the water is let in to cover
the low-growing, bushy plants.

In both instances, water saves the
crop. It is, in one sense, a nuisance
in the Fall if prematurely frosty
weather comes to the Cape region,
because after the bogs have been
flooded, it takes two or three days
drying out before the pickers can
go onto the land again.

Commercial cranberry growing
began in Massachusetts more
than 100 years ago. Its beginning
is shrouded in mystery; no one
knows exactly what far-sighted,
pioneering-spirited Yankee tried
out the bushes as a cultivated
crop. Today the commercial crop
of the United States is centered
in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and
Wisconsin. New Jersey has about
13,000 acres, Wisconsin about
2,500. According to statistics from
the Cranberry Research Station
at Wareham, Mass., if all the
acreage devoted to bogs, dams,
reservoirs, dikes, ditches, and
nurseries where the new plants
are raised for replacements or
new plantings were totalled, it
would be close to 70,000 acres.

It is a colorful, gay, and excit¬
ing time around the Cape Cod
bogs now. Whole families move
out from nearby towns and cities
to live in tents or cabins for the
picking season. This year the
problem of securing pickers is an
acute one. Men and women are
woi'king on defense orders in the
humming factories of Eastern
Massachusetts. But, a trip through
the area shows a great many
families there who have been
working certain bogs for years
in the harvest times.

One man said, “Yes, I’ve been
here for 12 years with my family
for the harvest season. This year
I arranged to have my vacation
in September. Some of the years
lately I haven’t had steady work,
so vacation meant nothing. The
principal of the school said that

and juices that come from them. The lead¬
ing varieties grown in Massachusetts are:
Early Black, Black Veil, Howe, McFarlin,
Bugle, Centerville, and Centennial. Experi¬
ence has proved that if the berries are to
keep well in storage, they can only be picked
when perfectly dry; also the fruit gathered
late in the afternoon when the air is growing
cool and chilly will stand storage much better
than the fruit gathered during the heat of
the day. This means that as the crates are
filled, those picked during the middle hours
of the day are set aside to be made into
jams and sauce.

For many years, the cranberries were
picked by hand, berry by berry; and some
hand-picking is still done on bogs where the
vines are poorly anchored. Un¬
less the roots of the plants are
firmly bedded, the scoop would
pull up the plants by the roots.

The scoop is an interesting and
effective device. It looks like the
head of a wide, long-toothed rake
with a box attached. The teeth
of the rake are curved and
pointed. They slip among the low
vines and along the stems, taking
off the berries as they go. This
scoop rake will hold nearly half
a bushel. The price varies to the
picker depending on scarcity or
abundance of labor, prospects of
a scant or ample crop, and the
condition of the berries in a par¬
ticular bog. The pickers are paid
by the hour, as a rule, and not
by the bairel. Piece work does
not encourage careful, thorough
harvesting. Price per hour varies
greatly, usually between 35 and
75 cents an hour.

The berries are first put into
bushel or two-bushel baskets,
and then taken by wheelbarrow
to the edge of the bog. Here they
are loaded into trucks and taken
to the barns or sorting houses.
Naturally a considerable amount
of debris and leaves is taken up
with the berries.

In the sorting house, the berries
are put into long belts and run
by the sorters, usually women
and girls, who take out the
debris and undesirable berries.
Some of the sorting belts are
studded with different-sized holes
so that the berries are sorted
according to size. Then, when
cleaned, sorted, and packed into
attractive crates, the best of the
crop either goes directly to
market, or into cold storage. Part
of the bright color the buyer
sees, comes to the berry in the
storage process where a tempera¬
ture of 45 degrees puts on the
last possible bit of color and pleas¬
ing lustre. The other berries, just
as flavorful and delicious, go to
the canning factories and jelly
manufacturers.

It is interesting to note that
Massachusetts, and this means
largely Cape Cod, produces more
than half of all the cranberries
grown in the world. The berry
is native to North America only,
though plant scouts of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture have
found a similar berry, but much
smaller, growing wild in north¬
ern Europe and in northern Asia.
A few farmers in England and
Holland have tried out the
American cranberry, but it is
grown by only a few. The gross
annual return to the Cape Cod
growers is usually between $4,000,-
000 and $5,000,000 a year.

This seems like a large sum to
the layman for the return on
15,000 acres; but the average
person has little conception of
(Continued on Page 553)

By Haydn S. Pearson

he would be glad to see that any young people
got a chance to make up their work if they
helped harvest crops this year. Some of the
boys in the city have gone up to the Nashoba
Apple area to pick apples during September.
My wife and I and two boys make $50 a
week or more. It’s hard work, but it’s out
in the open and we enjoy camping.”

Picking usually begins the week of Labor
Day, or the week following. It is a task that
calls for judgment and quick eyes, for the
berries grow sweeter and larger as they ripen,
thus the later the cranberries are gathered,
the greater the yield per acre, and the better
the quality of the berries, and of the sauces

long ago.

Blankets for Bees

Whether we like it or not, if you and I
continue to live where winters are cold we
will have to do something about protecting
our bees during the winter months. And we
should soon be about that job. The colonies
themselves should now be in good condition,
because there is little we can do for them
at this season of the year.

Just as a precautionary measure you could
walk around back of the hives and “heft”
any that you suspect might be a little short
on stores. By lifting one end of several hives
you can discover if any are too light. There
will be days mild enough for bees to fly
freely, and on such days a pail or two of sugar
syrup can be fed to the lighter
colonies.

Stir two parts granulated sugar
into one part boiling water. Heat
and stir until sugar is completely
dissolved, taking care not to
scorch the syrup. Scorched sugar
is harmful to the bees. Use fric¬
tion top pails with a dozen holes
made in the cover- with a 3d
nail, for feeders, and feed the
syrup warm. Invert a pail over
the hole in the inner cover or
directly over the frames, and
then put on an empty super and
the cover. Feed in this manner
on warm days until about 15
pounds of syrup have been taken
down by each colony. This, with
some honey already in the hive,
will keep the bees until early
Spring. Feeding is a more or less
disagreeable job, and the necessity
should be avoided whenever possi¬
ble. The subject was discussed
considerably more fully not

Ever since the development of the movable
frame hive made it easier for more people
to keep bees, the question of protection
through the Winter has received a great deal
of serious consideration. All sorts of packing
materials have been used, in amounts vary¬
ing from very little packing to a great deal
of packing, and hives have been packed indi¬
vidually and in groups of two, four, or a whole
row of them.

Although there have been times when some
one thought he had settled the problem for
everybody, a little thinking will make it
obvious that different conditions found in
different parts of the country make it neces¬
sary for each beekeeper to find the most
suitable plan for his own locality.

Almost every one agrees to one
thing — that where it is windy or
cold bees need some protection.

An apiary should be so located,
if possible, that it is protected
from prevailing winds by a
natural wind break. If this is
impossible, an artificial windbreak
of some sort should be provided.

Protection from wind is important,
even if the colonies are in ex¬
cellent condition.

To protect our bees to the best
advantage we ought to have a
fairly definite idea of how the
bees live through the Winter, and
of what we wish to accomplish
by our packing. When cold
weather comes and the tempera¬
ture in the hive gets down to 57
degrees Fahrenheit the bees begin
to form a cluster, somewhat oval
in shape. As the outside tempera¬
tures go down the bees draw together making
a more' compact cluster, those around the
outside heading toward the center and form¬
ing what might be called a layer of insula¬
tion by crowding their bodies closely together.
Inside this outer layer the bees keep up just
enough body activity to maintain the tempera¬
ture. The colder it gets outside, the greater
the greater the activity and the higher the
temperature inside the cluster, until some¬
times it gets warm enough for brood rearing
and the queen starts laying.

The cluster forms immediately below, and
partly on, the sealed honey. As the nearest
honey is used up to supply body energy, the
cluster gradually moves upwards onto more

W* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

honey. If outside temperatures are so ex¬
treme that the bees cannot loosen the cluster
enough to permit moving onto new stores,
they will starve to death. It is not unusual
to hear beekeepers say their bees froze, when
in reality they starved. There are, of course,
other causes of loss, some of which have been
mentioned previously.

As bees consume honey they give off mois¬
ture in the form of vapor. For each gallon
of honey consumed, about a gallon of water
is given off. This moisture is what causes
mouldy combs and walls in the hive when
it condenses, and it also makes it more diffi¬
cult for the bees if moisture is condensing on
the combs and running down into the cluster.

Our problem now is either to prevent

mmm mmm

m : ■ * A5 -yis;

Border Collie pups, with mother and father in the background, raised by
Clayton Pilbro, Sheffield, Mass. They are trained for farm work.

condensation, or get rid of the moisture. In
some localities one plan is followed, and in
others another plan is followed. During
seasons of unusually heavy losses it is generally
the beekeeper who gives the least thought
and attention to his bees who takes the
biggest share of this loss. Bees in good con¬
dition and properly protected come through
the Winter with very little loss.

In many parts of the eastern states where
there is considerable moisture in the atmos¬
phere the general practice is to pack the hives.
The purpose of the packing is to retard the
escape of the warmth given off by the cluster,
and so conserve the energy of the bees, lessen
the consumption of stores, and reduce the
amount of moisture given off as well as to

551

a rim something like a picture frame and slip
it over the hive and down to the ground,
taking care not to block the entrance. A sheet
of slaters felt, heavy waterproof paper, or
lightweight roofing can be stood on edge
around this rim and tacked to it with a lath.
Let the ends lap over enough to keep out
snow and rain, then pour in the packing ma¬
terial and see that it is well filled into the
corners. Fold the top edges in and put on a
cap of the same material in such a way that
no moisture can get in from the outside. The
whole works can be held in place by tying
with cord.

Experiment and practice have demonstrated
that bees can stand a great deal of cold if
the moisture can escape from around the

_ cluster. One of the field stations

of the U. S. Bee Culture Labora¬
tory is located at Madison, Wis¬
consin, and the bees there are
wintered with no packing what¬
ever, but with a one-inch auger
hole bored in the front of the
upper story, four or five inches
below the top. Colonies are in
two-story and three-story hives
filled with honey. Moisture es¬
capes through the auger-hole, and
the bees are in fine condition in
the Spring. The hole near the
top in the front also enables the
bees to get a cleansing flight on
days when it does not warm up
quite enough for them to travel
down throi.’gh the cold lower
part of the hive to the bottom
entrance. However, this method
of wintering should not be at¬
tempted on a large- scale in
regions where the humidity may
be higher until tests and recom¬
mendations have been made in those
localities. It is always well to make inquiries
of those keeping bees in any locality. Such men
are often found who know by experience just
how to handle the wintering problem.

The importance of a windbreak should
not be underestimated. If the bee yard can
not be located where trees, hedges and hill¬
sides protect the hives from wind, a tempo¬
rary windbreak around two or three sides
of the yard should be provided. A few posts,
a couple of strands of No. 9 wire and bundles
of corn fodder will serve admirably, and
will really mean dollars when you get next
year’s honey crop. Properly managed, bees
will yield a profit on the investment that
will be hard to equal in any other farm opera¬
tion. Honey is one of the most
wholesome foods you can produce.
More honey will be needed next
year, so produce it; use it; and
sell it! Everett M. Warren

Mare and four colts on the Joseph Stetkar farm, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

prevent its condensation. With this in mind,
it would seem that the more packing used
the better it would be for the bees. Up to a
certain point, it is. But if too much packing
material is used the bees do not feel the
effects of the sun on occasional mild days,
nor do they notice the first warmer days of
Spring. Therefore, when the packing is over¬
done the colonies are held back in their
normal development.

A good average would be best. This would
seem to be from two to four inches around
the hives, and a little more underneath and
on top. Various materials can be used, such
as cut straw, chaff, dry leaves or patented in¬
sulation. To keep the material in place, make

Fruits for New Hampshire

For the home grounds I would
suggest Melba, an early apple re¬
sembling McIntosh in flavor which
ripens at the same time as Red
Astrachan, but is much more
pleasing to eat out of hand. The
Yellow Delicious may do fairly
well, but it is not exactly suited
to our climate, and may suffer in
severe winters. It has fine eating-
quality, however. Also plant a tree
of Milton which ripens part way
between Melba and McIntosh.

Regarding peaches, Carman is
a very reliable, early variety, and
Elberta, the most dependable late.
Try a tree or two of the new va¬
rieties Valiant and Vedette which are yellow
peaches of high quality ripening a little earlier
than Elberta. For pears Bartlett and Bose
should be satisfactory for home use, especially
the later. However, as pears are affected con¬
cerning cross pollination, I suggest that it
would be right to also include one or two
additional pears, like Clapp’s Favorite and
Tyson which is a delicious eating, early pear.
Try Montmorency cherry, which is more satis¬
factory in general than Early Richmond, and
in addition to this plant a free Yellow Spanish
and Windsor to help pollinate the Black Tar¬
tarian. Plums are not grown very extensively
in New Hampshire, although the Japanese va¬
rieties such as Burbank do quite well. l. p. l.

552

RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

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Your local Utica dealer is always ready
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LONG ISLAND SOIL TESTING SERVICE

Lawn and Garden Problems. Farm Appraisals.

33 Washington Ave„ Amityville, N. Y. Phone 257.

FOR SALE: State inspected Red Lake
bushes. CONWAY BROS. MARLBORO,

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7 Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

Experts now admit that farmers have not received the cost
of production for milk in 12 years. Why? This book tells you
m plain and simple words.

Who has fixed the price of milk for 20
years? This book tells you and proves
the answer.

Has there been a milk monopoly for
these 20 years? This book tells you there
has been and proves that too.

Has there been a milk racket for these
20 years? District Attorney Dewey has
said that a racket always goes along with
a monopoly. This book names the
monopolists and the racketeers.

Did the milk racketeers claim they had
power to fix the price of milk? Every¬
body knows they did. This book proves
they surrendered that power to the barons
of the monopoly.

Did the racketeers, the monopolists and
State officials create the present milk
systems? Everybody knows they did.
This book tells you who did it and how they did it.

The book tells just how dairymen of the New York milk shed
have been plundered for seven decades. Not a word of it has
been challenged.

The men who conspired to deny dairymen the right to set
the price on their own milk will never restore that right. This
book shows the simple and sure way for dairy farmers to do
it themselves.

Price $3.00 autographed copies by mail.

(New York City sales only, add 2% Sales Tax)

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street, New York, N. Y.

Western New York News

Horticulture

The New York State grape crop
has been estimated at 56,800 tons for
this year as compared with 75,800
tons last year and 69,100 tons for the
1936-40 year average. The reduc¬
tion is 25 per cent compared with
last year.

About 100,000 tons of tomatoes
grown in Western New York will be
picked and delivered to canneries
before October 1. The tomatoes are
estimated to have a farm value of
at least one million dollars.

Up-State New York’s corn harvest
was the biggest in at least a decade
in spite of drought conditions. Be¬
cause of the shortage of hay, the
record harvest will be of special
value. In Onondaga County, there
were 19,000 acres of corn, of which
only 500 was sweet corn.

Ontario County farmers received
$10 for their cabbage this year com¬
pared with $3 and $4 a ton a year
ago. The cutting this year totalled
approximately 150,000 tons. New York
State supplies approximately 40 per
cent of the total crop with Ontario
County furnishing 75 per cent of the
State’s total.

Cayuga County’s best yield of
cabbage and possibly the best in the
State, was one in Moravia owned
by Clarence Ball. The plot produced
as much as 35 tons to the acre, some
of the heads weighing more than
13 pounds.

Fear of a “blitzkreig” in 1942 and
1943 on Seneca Lake peaches by
the dreaded “X” disease has been
voiced by Wallace E. Washbon of
Schuyler County. The disease is said
to be spreading rapidly in the rich
Seneca Lake fruit belt.

The harvest of 5,456 bushels of
potatoes was^ completed this year on
the Fredus Wilcox farm at Malone.
The 17.7 acres yielded an average
of 302 bushels to the acre, con¬
sidered a good crop for a dry year.

Seven million pounds of Green¬
ings, 20-Ounce, Wealthies and
Mclntoshes comprised the huge
stack of apples gathered along Lake
Ontario, and taken to Hilton this
month.

Miscellaneous

Farmers in Chemung County are
making an effort to control deer
damage. The problem of keeping
deer away from grain fields and
gardens is a complicated one since
preventatives must injure neither
deer or crops. State court decisions
have established that deer damage
is “an act of God,” not covered by
crop insurance. p. b. o.

Lost: Holstein Heifer

Mrs. Jennie Boyles, Box 76, Co-
pake, N. Y. is anxious to locate her
yearling Holstein heifer which has
strayed from the Boyles’ farm be¬
tween Copake and Ancram, Columbia
County, N. Y. The ear tag bears No.
474, and the letters “B. C.” appear
on the reverse side of the tag.

If anyone can give information
about this heifer to Mrs. Boyles, she
will appreciate it very much.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, OCT. 18, 1941

FARM TOPICS

North Country News . 555

In Chenango County . . .” 655

News From New Jersey . 557

This in Free America . 558

What Farmers Say . 658

Merchandising Farm Products . . 559

Rural School Notes . 666

HORTICULTURE

Cranberry Harvest on Cape Cod . 550

Blankets for Bees . 651

Fruits for New Hampshire . ..." 551

Ruralisms . 554

Chloratic Currant Bushes _ 556

Apricots Fail to Bear . . \\ 555

New York Apple Production . 558

THE HENYARD

Market for Cut-UP Poultry . 559

The Choice of Breeds . " 569

All Mash Ration; Blue Comb . . 569

Ailing Chickens . 569

An Adventure in Turkeys . 672

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

More Cheese Indictments . 558

35 cents Vs. $5 is no Parity . 559

A Hopeful Distinction . 559

Beltsville and the B. A. I . ”” 560

Tales from the Tanbark, Part II 565

Docking Lambs . 565

Ponies and Children . ..." 566

Genesee Valley Horse Show . 567

Calf Scramble in Idaho . 567

Boys and Girls . 564

WOMAN AND HOME

National Apple Week . 562

Let Them Go to Seed . 562

A Picture Book for Homemakers .... 562
Fruit and Vegetable Juices .... 563

Honey Week . ”” 553

New Kitchen by Rearrangement ...... 563

MISCELLANEOUS

4-H in Orange County . 553

George Louis Farley . 553

Autumn Rich in Color . 555

The Belligerent One . 555

Farm Boy Winner . 557

John J. Mead . !!!!!!".". 558

Our Great Democracy, Part x" ", . 559

“Seven Decades of Milk” . .’** 559

Publisher's Desk . 570

A Giant Elm

“Men may come and men may
go but I stand here forever,” might
be the thoughts of this giant elm
standing by the roadside in the town
of Kortright, Delaware County New
York. There probably are many
people in that vicinity who have
never seen this work of God.

Three feet above the ground this
elm measures 16 V2 ft. in circumfer¬
ence. m. p. B.

At the New Jersey Fair

The New Jersey State Fair opened
at Trenton on Sunday, September 21
with a record attendance of approxi¬
mately 70,000 persons, which was
made possible by the bright, balmy
weather on that day. Many persons
found it convenient to include a
visit to the State Fair as a part of
their weekend vacations.

Monday was Children’s Day at the
State Fair in which schools in
Trenton and nearby schools had
scores of representatives of all ages
and grades. Many children from
other counties were also present.
Tuesday was Fireman’s Day which
brought out another record atten¬
dance. Fireman from many parts of
the State were present and com¬
peted for the honors of the occasion.
The prize for having the most men
in line in the fireman’s parade was
awarded to North Brunswick; local
company with most men in line, first
prize, Prospect Heights Volunteer
Fire Company; second prize Mercer-
ville.

Wednesday was special Farm and
Grange Day which was attended by
thousands of farmers’ and large dele¬
gations of Grange members from
every part of New Jersey. The special
feature of the day was the crown¬
ing of Mrs. Edward Roberts, Moores-
town, as Grange Harvest Queen.

Thursday was Public Speaking Day
at the Fair in which Governor
Charles Edison and other State
officials, as well as a number of
political candidates of all parties
were offered an opportunity to make
public addresses. The most interest¬
ing feature of this day’s program was
the spectacular blackout witnessed
by 25,000 persons or more, conducted
Thursday night by members of the
122nd anti-aircraft battalion and
civilian defense forces.

Friday was National Defense Day
with the exposition grounds turned
completely over to the military units
and veterans’ groups participating.
Saturday was everybody’s day in
which the most interesting feature
of the program was the announce¬
ment of awards of prizes by the
judges in the various livestock,
poultry and farm exhibit contests.
Although Saturday marked the
official close of the State Fair, which
ended with midget auto racing and
vaudeville and night show, the
grounds remained opened Sunday,
September 28, for a big card of pro¬
fessional aucomobile races, which
were witnessed by a large enthusi¬
astic audience of motor speed fans
and their families. j. w. w.

James H. Pepper

Death claimed James H. Pepper,
76, of Penn Yan, N. Y. during the
past month. He was a widely known
Bluff Point vineyardist. With his
son, J. Clement Pepper, he operated
one of the largest pieces of vineyard
property in i,he Lake Keuka grape
belt and had been identified with
the grape industry for more than
60 years.

Mr. Pepper was best known as
an expert in the culture of small
fruit and, raised many record crops
of grapes. p.b.o.

W* RURAL NEW-YORKER

553

Cranberry Harvest in Cape

cod ; ::

' (Continued from Page 550)
the total process of cranberry
culture. The area for a bog has to
be completely cleaned, all bushes and
roots, eliminated, and then a bed of
sand spread. The area must be a
muck or peat base, although it need
not be more than a few inches in
depth. The soil must be acid.

The location has to be considered
in relation to water, for Spring and
Fall may need it to prevent freezing
of either blossoms or fruit. If the
brook is small, then the grower must
build a dam so that a reserve may
always be available. On Cape Cod,
the growers are fortunate in the
number of ponds naturally formed,
and the State grants permission for
the use of water under the direction
of the Department of Public Works.

Since so much of the work is
done by wheelbarrow, long, narrow
bogs are more efficiently handled
than big, square ones. Each year
sand has to be spread, and the
berries wheeled out by hand barrow.

A ditch has to be dug around the
entire bog to insure drainage for
the plant roots in event of a wet
season. In lower areas, there must
also be cross ditches. When a new
bog is prepared, it is carefully
checked to see that it is level so
that a minimum of water can be
used to flood the entire area.

Pure sand is a vital factor. When
new land is prepared, the surface
is covered to a depth of four inches
before the new plants are set. Then
in after years, a coating of an inch
is given annually, or whenever
needed to keep down weeds and
moss. Sand not only checks weeds,
but it’s the type of soil the cran¬
berry roots like best. In dry years,
it acts as a mulch holding what
water there is in the soil beneath
from evaporating too rapidly.

Planting is done in the Spring with
cuttings. A man with a scythe simply

mows over a section of an estab¬
lished bog, and all the branches cut
off are the cuttings used to set out
the new bog. A new bog comes into
bearing on the fourth year after the
cuttings were set out. But once a
planting is well established, it is
nearly a permanent thing. Some of
the bogs on the Cape are over 80
years old and still producing ex¬
cellent crops.

Sanding is done in the Winter if
there is ice enough to hold a truck;
and the sand is simply spread over
the ice to settle into place when the
ice thaws. Otherwise, it has to be
done by wheelbarrow. Since only
one Winter in four has ice thick
enough to hold a truck, many grow¬
ers prefer to sand by wheelbarrow.
It is interesting to see a long line
of men wheeling their specially con¬
structed barrows loaded with sand
across the plank walks that ar6 laid
down.

There are diseases, insects and
fungus pests that have to be fought;
the fruit worm, fireworm, blunt-
nosed leaf hopper, root grub, gypsy
moth, and the girdler. Airplanes
Have been used by large growers;
but the usual method is a spray
nozzle on the end of a hose that is
often several hundred feet long. The
truck, or team, that has the spray¬
ing apparatus cannot, of course,
come into the soft soil of the bog.

Thus behind the excitement of the
picking season and the color of the
crisp, sunny Fall days, is a long
period of work and planning. Today,
over half the Cape’s crop is sold
through a cooperative, the New
England Cranberry Sales Company,
which with other companies in New
Jersey and Wisconsin is affiliated in
the American Cranberry Exchange.
The Exchange, supported by its
affiliates, advertises cranberry pro¬
ducts and distributes carload lots
wherever and whenever the market
is ready for the berries. It fosters
research and aids the growers who
are now in the midst of the
season’s rusn.

4-H in Orange County

Twenty-eight Orange County 4-H
Clubs exhibitors and contestants led
all other counties in successful
achievement records at the Syracuse
State Fair this year. Thirteen of 15
animals in the livestock division won
ribbons or money prizes, and nine
of 10 chickens were in winning
classes. Forty of 70 vegetable entries
received awards.

John Roebuck, Jr. Walden, N. Y.,
rated third in the dairy judging con¬
test, among 110 State contestants at
the Syracuse Fair. He was placed on
the New York State judging team,
which will participate in the National
Dairy Show in Memphis, Tenn.

The Orange County 4-H Club girls
were awarded ribbons for 36 of the
44 entries in the homemaking com¬
petition at the State Fair. Eleven
entries won blue ribbons.

William H. Smiley, of the Meadow
Hill 4-H Club, won first prize with
his single comb Rhode Island Red
hen for best of her breed in Orange
County.

At the 101st exposition of the
Orange County Fair at Middletown,
N. Y., Mary Ackerly, Crystal Run,
N. Y., was the sweepstakes winner
in the 4-H Dress Revue. The Orange
County 4-H Cattle Showmanship
silver trophy was won by John
Roebuck, Jr. Walden, N. Y. He ex¬
hibited a herd of 20 calves, as well
as a champion bull. In the 4-H di¬
vision of cattle, the five breed cham¬
pions named were: Allen Stage,
Middletown, Brown Swiss; Elliott
Andrews, Middletown, Ayrshire;
Lewis Demerest, Walden, Guernsey;
William Earl Decker, Walden, Hol¬
stein and Herbert Mueller, Mont¬
gomery, Jersey. s. l. b.

New York

George Louis Farley

George Louis Farley, 4-H Club
leader of Massachusetts, died
September 10. Uncle George Farley
had guided the destinies of Massa¬
chusetts 4-H Club work since
September 1916 and was busily en¬
gaged at the time of his death, plan¬
ning the 25th reunion of Camp Vail,
4-H encampment at the Eastern
States Exposition.

When Uncle George started in club
work in Massachusetts there were
one assistant state leader and one
county club agent. Today there are
27 county agents and five Assistant
state leaders.

Here are just a few of
the points that indicate the
ideals which this leader had. The
greatest objective of 4-H work is to
help young people to help them¬
selves and others. The job of 4-H
Club work is to arouse young people
to seek as much education as possi-
able. Ambition is aroused in youth
not by mass production but by per¬
sonal contact. The results of the past
25 years prove this beyond any
question. Those who have done the
most for themselves have gone farth¬
est and done the best. Quality is far
more valuable than numbers. If
built on vision, 4-H Club work should
have a program not of today, but of
the next generation. We must in¬
culcate in boys and girls habits of
healthful living, provide them with
direction in the intelligent use of
leisure, arouse in them worthy am¬
bitions in order that they may live
fuller and richer lives. We must
teach them the value of service in
the thought that we have only what
we give away.

Seventeen foot high trellis of heaven¬
ly blue morning glories in the yard
of Sanford Wagner, Lancaster, N. Y.

Address

WHEN the big buck flashes before your eyes, your rifle
and its cartridges must team up as surely as any team
mates on the farm. It means just as much to the success of
your hard-earned days of recreation.

Winchester’s 75 years of "knowing how” are your assur¬
ance that Winchester Cartridges will be "there” when you
squeeze on your big opportunity. They are backed by three-
quarters of a century of experience in giving Winchester
Rifles the cartridges that have assured their world famous
results. Whatever your rifle, you will find Winchester car¬
tridges made to team with it to do its best.

Give your rifle a real team mate in Winchester Super Speed
Cartridges for your hunting this Fall. You’ll find Super
Speeds there with the accuracy, speed and shocking power
that get the results you demand.

And whatever your game you’ll like the Winchester Rifle
that’s made for it.

See your dealer early.

- Send for New Ammunition Guide— FREE -

WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., Depf.65-BJ

Division of Western Cartridge Co.,

New Haven, Conn., U. S. A.

Send me FREE the new Winchester Ammunition Guide, 44 large pages, containing
modern ballistic and range tables, extensive information on ammunition and
shooting.

Name .

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Check Your Gun

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Pests and varmints require just as
accurate a gun as rabbits and game.
Make sure your gun is RIGHT. Give
it a positive check-up and
a thorough cleaning with
Hoppe’s No. 9. Get from
your gun dealer or send 10c
for sample. Write for “Gun
Cleaning Guide.” It’s FREE.
Your gun needs Hoppe’s
FRANK A. HOPPE, INC.

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don’t WORRY

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This marvelous appli¬
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STEEL GARAGES

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References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street
New York City

554

fht RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

95%

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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street : — : New York City

Ruralisms

An Old Friend. — Some of our
favorite plants offer little attraction,
in the way of showy flowers, but
have the charm of fragrance or
graceful foliage. Our old friend
southernwood belongs to this class;
its little, inconspicious flowers are
negligible, but the gray-green foliage,
cut into thread-like segments, is
charming in bouquets, and the spicy
bitterness of the whole plant seems
such a stimulating odor. Perhaps
that is why old-time New England
women tucked sprigs of southern¬
wood between the pages of their
Bibles when starting to church on
a warm Sunday; the sharp fragrance
would take the place of smelling
salts during a long sermon. The
plant has a number of names; to the
botanist it is Artemisia Abrotanum,
while its common names include old
man, old man’s love, lad’s love and
maiden’s ruin. It is not often seen
in flower, though our plant, which
is fairly large, shows bloom this
Summer, forming small yellowish
white panicles. It is a native of
Europe, and has been known to
gardeners for about four centuries.
It has always been a favorite in home
gardens because it was used in
domestic medicine, and the dried
sprigs used to be scattered in trunks
or closets because the odor was
supposed to keep away moths. Its
French name of garderobe is derived
from this idea of giving protection
to garments, though we should have
more faith personally in the use of
paradichlorobenzene. We have been
told that the Pennsylvania Dutch
used to use it in pantries to keep
away ants. This plant seems to
thrive in any ordinary soil, but it
likes a ' sunny situation and good
drainage. It is usually increased by
division, but cuttings of the mature
hard growth are easily rooted, more
especially if cut on a slant with a
little “heel” of the outside tissue.
Such sprigs in a bouquet will often
begin to emit roots in water, though
we prefer sandy soil as a rooting
medium. The plant becomes quite
shrubby in growth, and we have also
rooted layers in the usual way. It
is very hardy, though we use a light
mulch to prevent heaving in Winter.
Artemisias in general are rather
loosely called wormwood or mug-
wort, though these names are not
commonly applied to southernwood.
However, this plant was sometimes
used as a specific for worms in
children, and our ancestors also used
it in love potions. The name of
mugwort belongs more properly to
another common European Artemisia
that was used to flavor beer.

Red-Hot Pokers. — The old-fash¬
ioned poker plant was called Tri-
oma Uvaria, and is not perfectly
hardy in the North, but it makes a
gorgeous feature in late Summer or
Fall, and is still highly prized. The
roots were taken up and stored in¬
side during Winter. This is a native
of South Africa. Now the botanists
call the former Tritomas by the
name of Kniphofia; they belong to
the lily family, and are called torch
lilies or poker plants, but in child¬
hood we always called them red-hot
pokers, and the name persists in our
memory. Many improved garden
varieties have been introduced, in¬
cluding remarkable hybrids; some re¬
quire Winter protection, while others
are perfectly hardy. Instead of
bloomng in Fall only we now have
a prolonged show, for some bloom
as early as May, and others through
the Summer until Fall. Kniphofia
Pfitzeri was, we think, one of the
first improvements on the old Uvaria;
it is still regarded as the most prolific
in bloom. A single plant may give
from four to eight or more of its
gorgeous spikes three to four feet
high; the blooms are orange scarlet.
The drooping tubular flowers grow in
a long cigar-shaped raceme; the long
grass-like leaves form a thick clump.
Another garden variety is called
Towers of Gold; this has bright-
yellow flowers produced in August
and early September. The variety
Quartiniana, with flowers varying
from orange-red to yellow, begins to
bloom in May; this is generally re¬
garded as the hardiest of the
Kniphofias. Hybrid seedlings vary
considerably in color; there are some
special strains that are hardy and
robust. Any good well-drained soil
suits these plants, but they must
have a sunny position. They are best

planted in Spring, and should be
given a good mulch of well-rotted
manure late in the Fall. After the'
ground freezes further protection
may be given the crowns by a cover¬
ing of loose dry litter. In localities
where the Winters are long and
severe it would be prudent to follow
the old plan of lifting the roots and
storing them inside during Winter;
they should be kept in boxes of dry
earth, in a cool temperature that
does not reach freezing. However,
here in Northern New Jersey K.
Pfitzeri seems to survive and thrive
if given a mulch, even during our
most severe Winters. The Kniphofias
grow quite readily from seed. Seed
sown under glass in Spring will
sometimes produce plants that flower
the following Autumn. Seed may
also be sown outdoors as soon as
danger of frost is over; the little
plants being left in the seed bed
until the following Spring, with good
Winter protection. Kniphofias should
not be planted where they will get
the full sweep of the wind, as this
may damage the heavy flower spikes.
They show up beautifully in front
of ah evergreen hedge, which will
also act as a wind-break.

Callas for Winter. — It is likely
that we shall see more calla lilies
than usual the coming season, as
there will be a shortage of the large
Easter lily Dulbs from Japan, and
callas will take their place among
cut flowers. To be strictly correct,
the calla lily is neither a lily nor a
calla, for it is an arum and its
botanical name is Zantedeschia, the
name calla belonging properly to a
less showy arum. In Great Britain
our calla lily is generally called arum
lily. This is an easily grown house
plant, and we have seen exceptional¬
ly fine blooming specimens in the
window of a country home. In mak¬
ing a start it is prudent to buy a
large strong root, as weaker tubers
are likely to produce leaves rather
than flowers. September is a good
time to pot for Winter growth. A
rich porous soil, such as fibrous loam
mixed with cow manure and decayed
leaf mold is suitable; drainage ma¬
terial should be placed in the bottom
of the pot, but being a native of
swampy soil this plant does not de¬
mand the thorough drainage needed
by most house plants. A six-inch
pot is usually suitable. The root
should be planted in damp soil, the
earth being about two inches below
the rim of the pot, and the crown
of the root about an inch above the
soil level. This is so that more soil
may be added after roots have
formed near the surface. The pot
is then placed in a window in a
cool room; a temperature of 45 to
50 degrees is sufficient at first, but
during Winter, when in active
growth, 60 degrees is needed, for sun
and warmth are necessary. Little
more water will be needed until the
root sprouts. When in active growth
abundant water is needed, but until
about three leaves have formed it
should only be kept moderately
moist. We do not advise letting the
pot stand in a saucer or other con¬
tainer holding water, though this
may not always be harmful, but
conditions Jn a swamp, where free
soil does drain off part of the time,
are quite different from those of a
confined pot. When in strong growth
occasional liquid manure will be
helpful, either half a cup of liquid
from cow manure, or a solution of
chemicals sold for this purpose in
tablet or powder form. The liquid
manure, applied at intervals of 10
days or two weeks, should be given
about two hours after watering. In
Spring, after flowering is over,
usually about May, the plant should
be allowed to die down, gradually
withholding water until the foliage
yellows and dries off, and the roots
should then be kept dry until ready
to start again in Fall. It is conveni¬
ent to keep the root in the pot,
storing in a dry cellar, but it must
always be repotted in fresh soil in
the Fall. The use of old calla soil
is said to be a possible cause of
stem-rot, another cause being exces¬
sive watering without drainage.
Callas will do well outside in Sum¬
mer, and are very picturesque
planted around a pool. The roots
must be brought inside in Fall, as
they will not stand our Northern
Winter. E. T. Royle

Ihe RURAL NEW-YORKER

555

Autumn is Rich in Color

Autumn in the North Country,
home of the Sugar Maple, is the
most colorful time of the year.
Whether the gleaming gold of the
Sugar Bush beyond the rolling fields
is considered or the scarlet crown
of a Swamp Maple blazing among
the evergreens, or the Hawthorns
clinging to the hillside, or the rows
of variegated trees arching the high¬
ways, or the liver banks, all orangey-
red, reflected in the clear waters, the
color harmonies are perfect.

The autumn woods casts its spell
over everyone. To the hunter,
“getting” his deer is a pleasure quite
secondary to that of trampling
through the carpet of rustling leaves
while the keen air makes the blood
tingle in his veins and the mingled
smells of wood fire and sizzling
bacon give jest to his appetite. To
the confirmed hiker, it would be
sacrilege to let autumn go by with¬
out at least one excursion along some
country road. The view of the woods
from a distance is alluring. The
trees along the edge are each colored
differently and overlap like blocks
on a paint sample card. Once in the
woods the solid color effect of the
distant view is lost and the leaves
overhead are like the bright colored
wool in a tradesman’s tray. There is
a constant rain of bright leaves in
the air while on the ground the thick
leaf carpet as crispy brown beneath
and is decorated over the top with
a sprinkling of fallen red leaves like
the paprika on a salad.

The white oaks are red-brown,
garnet,- russet and purple and their
varnished leaves shine in the sun.
The yellow birch is gold; the Bass¬
wood deep cream; the hornbeam
purple-red; the ash a translucent
yellow that brightens the woods
when the sun shines through. Some
of the beeches are like polished brass,
some like burnished copper, some
like shiny gold. Red oaks and
willows are still as green as in
summer.

But gorgeous as every other tree
may be, the maple is most resplend¬
ent of all. It does not fancy any one
color but runs thi'ough the warm
tones of the color scale — yellow,
orange, red, purple. The whole tree
may be flaming scarlet or salmon or
pink; light, bright or deep red; all
one color or all colors on one ti'ee
or even in one leaf. Each leaf is
a mirror to reflect the sun like a halo
and the leaf carpet beneath is a
replica of the glory above. There
is nothing to compare with a Sugar
Maple in autumn.

The shrubs, too, make their con¬
tributions to the autumn color feast.
Sumachs are scarlet as flame, huckle¬
berry bushes bright red; viburnums,
oi'chid, mauve, pink even white; and
the branches of the witch hazels are
clothed from root to tip with gay
yellow flowers.

Witch hazels are almost the only
flowers in the autumn woods unless
brown beechdrops are considered.
Along the edges of the woods or in
some sunny glade a few late purple
asters may be blooming or near a
creek bank that fragrant modest
orchid, the ladies’ tresses, may be
found.

Sleek and well-fed rabbits scurry
about, bounding heavily. The
squirrels and the chipmunks have
the same over-stuffed appearance.
Such was once considered a sure sign
of a long cold winter ahead.

Even the .birds are languorous in
autumn and regardless of hunters
and hikers, the partridge continues
to eat red berries from the partridge-
berry vines; the owl sits and blinks;
the pheasant walks leisurely from
tree to tree; the blue jay suns him¬
self in the tree tops; the chickadees
dangle just out of reach. Only the
warblers and kinglets seem in a
hurry as they dance from bush to
bush in restless flocks.

Yes, autumn woods are rich in
color, but they are also hushed,
peaceful, qUiet. They seem to be
waiting for something as they drop
their gorgeous trappings bit by bit.

New York m. a. c.

North Country News

St. Lawrence County is proud of
one of its young citizens, Stewart
Cuthbert, who was awarded the
Empire Farmer Degree by the New
York State Future Farmers Asso¬
ciation at the annual meeting of that
association at the State Fair. Cuth¬
bert, a member of the Hammond
Future Farmers Chapter for the past
three years, received the award on
the basis of his scholarship, partici¬
pation in Future Farmer and school
activities and excellence in project
work. This award, the highest honor
that the State Association can con¬
fer on its members, is awarded only
after the candidate has undergone a
thorough examination by a state
official from the Agricultural Edu¬
cation Bureau at Albany.

From the more than 8,000 Future
Farmers in the State, 44 degrees
were awarded to outstanding boys
this year. Cuthbert, whose rating
was superior has an excellent show¬
ing. He was president of the local
F. F. A. chapter the past year and
has been on numerous judging
teams representing his chapter. He
has exhibited cattle at the County
and State Fair for the past three
years and has been very active in
4-H work, being one of the three
members of the state championship
livestock judging team that will
represent New York State at the
International Livestock Show in
Chicago this Fall.

The Hammond Future Farmer
Fair, featuring cattle, horses, poultry,
homemaking, vegetables, and for the
first time, a pony show, was held at
Hammond, N. Y. on the school
grounds on September 12-13. Home¬
making and vegetable exhibits were
outshone by the very unusual and
beautiful quilt exhibit. The Ham¬
mond Future Farmers, Brier Hill
Future Farmers, Pleasant Valley
Home Bureau and St. Lawrence
Valley Home Bureau also had ex¬
hibits.

The L. F. Cuthbert’s entries in
the New Jersey State Fair swept all
first place awards for Shropshire
sheep. Mr. Cuthbert’s sheep who
also came out high in the New York
Fair, won first in the Shropshire
events, for ram two years old or
over; first for ram one year old and
under two; first for ram, lamb under
one year; first for ewe two years
old and over; first for ewe one year

old and under two ;first for ewe,
lamb, under one year; first for flock,
taking all of the events in the
Shropshire division.

Ogdensburg, N. Y. will be head¬
quarters for the annual Achieve¬
ment Day program of St. Lawrence
County 4-H Clubs on October 25.
About 800 girls and boys, are mem¬
bers of the clubs, are expected to be
in Ogdensburg for that day, along
with several hundred parents and
friends are also expected to attend.

Membership in St. Lawrence
County 4-H Clubs is now highest
in history, according to Mr. Bert
Rogers, county 4-H agent, and the
Achievement Day profram is ex¬
pected to be the largest ever held.

New York e. r.

In Chenango County

Here in Chenango County th
middle of September finds wonder
ful weather. Now and then a rai:
storm, now and then a cold spel
but the fields of corn are better tha
for many years. No real killing fros
yet and the trees just beginning t
turn. Hay locally was about a
usual, but the weather was spottj
so some went in more of less ‘th
worse for wear.’ But the corn i
grand — makes one think of the cor
states. Silos over-flowing and extr
ones setting around to take care c
the extra. Last night I watched
tractor with searchlight go up an
down a field and today it’s flat,
hear the young man worked unt
quarter to two. Shortage of labo
makes machinery necessary as som
local boys have gone in the draf
Still quite a few who may have t
go and who are needed here, be
harvesting jumps right along.

Cars loaded with workers in th
airplane factory go down early an
come back late, and we hear tale
of high wages. Anyway we knoi

they re working night and dai

Wneie it will all end, nobody knows
but still the weather never ha

been nicer. M ^

New York

Books for the Handyn

First Aid for Ailing Houses,

H. B. Whitman .

Make It Yourself,

Julian Starr .

For Sale by The Rural New-Yi
333 West 30th St., New York
(N. Y. City Sales, add 2% Sales

Scania

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There

556

Me RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

Photo — The National Association of Audubon Societies, New York.

Male and Female Starling.

The Belligerent One

This is the story of Mr. and Mrs.
Flicker and the manner in which
they were summarily dealt with by
two wrangling, belligerent starlings.

Up on a hill, a mile outside of
Brewster, K. Y., there appeared in
our yard, one bright morning of
May 1st, a pair of flickers; or, as
they are sometimes called, yellow-
hammers. Taking into consideration
this bird’s ability to hammer and
drive through wood, combined with
its bright yellow tail, and body of
softer yellowish tones, the latter
name seems very fitting.

They selected an upright branch,
a left over of a Winter’s ice storm,
in a hard maple that stood barely
30 feet away from our side porch.
At a spot in the branch, about 20 feet
from the ground, they began their
excavation that was to serve as a
nest. For 12 days they hammered
and chipped so that for six feet
around the base of the tree, the
ground was white with small parti¬
cles of wood. I marveled at the
strength of the bird’s neck and bill,
as it clung to the bark, driving in,
picking and tossing the chips about,
until it had hewn an opening large
enough to admit its sturdy body.

At the time, I was not aware of
the dimensions of the flicker’s home,
and it was not until later in the
Summer that I climbed the tree to
discover, by the means of a flexible
rule, that the dimensions of the nest
were from six to seven inches wide
on the inside and 18 inches deep.
On account of the size and angle
of the opening I could not see to
the bottom of this very commodious
apartment.

As I have intimated, due to the
proximity of the nest, I had a grand¬
stand seat for everything that
happened, either from the porch, or
our upstairs windows; and with the
use of field glasses from time to time,
there was very little of the activity
that I missed.

On May 12 the last chip of the
new home was “flicked” out, and
-then came an active period that ac¬
companies the mating ceremonies
with great attentions being paid,
soft calls, flights and hops up and
down the tree with music of wings.

Just when the last egg was laid
I do not know, and I did not want
to investigate the nest and perhaps
spoil the show.

On May 21, I observed what ap¬
peared to be an altercation between
Mr. and Mrs. Flicker; and, as nearly
as I could gather from the move¬
ments of the female, she was ap¬
parently trying to drive the male

into the nest, so that he would do
his part in the incubating of the
eggs; but, the male was obstinate
and seemed not so minded as to
take part in the proceedings at that
time. That was where Mr. Flicker
made his big mistake, for, early in
the morning of May 22 while Mrs.
Flicker left the nest for a few
minutes to get food, a pair of starl¬
ings happened by, and without any
ado whatsoever, took over the nest,
ruthlessly broke the flicker’s eggs
and tossed them out, and even
carried two whole ones to a high
branch in a tree across the road and
watched them tumble down.

At this high-handed destruction
and confiscation I was moved to
take action against the starlings;
but I dismissed my indignation for
the sake of a study in biology, and
deploring the flicker’s loss of some
four or five lovely, smooth, white
eggs, and all that the loss entailed,
I proceeded further to watch.

It was not long ere the flicker
returned and appeared wholly sur¬
prised and dismayed over the fact
that its home was occupied by a
rank interloper, and one that had
not done any work in the prepara¬
tion of so complete a place, shielded
from wind and rain, in which to
rear a bird family.

Patiently the flicker waited at
the entrance for an hour or more,
peering in every once in a while
to see whether or not the new oc¬
cupant was ready to leave — not
realizing, of course, that the eggs
that had been so carefully laid no
longer reposed in the nest. This
watching went on, up and down the
branch, all day. Occasionally the
flicker relinquished its vigil, per¬
haps to hunt for food, or to find its
mate. At such times, when the
flutter of wings had faded away,
the starling would poke its head out
of the hole, as if to reconnoiter; but,
the minute the flicker would re¬
turn, back the starling’s head would
go and so remain until another de¬
parture. This watching went on for
several days, during which time one
of the starlings would sit on a branch
nearby and attempt to sing, as if to
gloat over the recent seizure. The
whole episode was at once interest¬
ing and heart-breaking.

Flickers with their heavy-hitting
strength and powerful flight could, of
course, drive off birds much larger
than they; but they are not belliger¬
ent, as the starlings are, nor do they
preempt the nests of other birds.
The flicker with one strike of its
long bill and the force of its
muscular neck could have driven
straight through the starling de¬

scribed in this episode; and, as a
matter of fact, I was really anxious
to see this happen to the presump¬
tuous gangster that, willy-nilly, con¬
fiscated the home of its avian kind.

However, the flicker finally gave
up and from the tops of a group of
locust trees called almost constantly
with its sad, two-note, half-yodel
whistle until June 4th, but not witn-
out returning occasionally to the tree
where its one-time nest was. By that
date the starlings had hatched and
gone. The young left their comfort¬
able abode one morn too early for
my observation. From then on there
was quiet in the flicker-made starl¬
ing-stolen quarters. In another tree
not far from our porch an additional
family of starlings had taken up_a
home, coincident with the episode
just described. This location was one
that, at some time or other, had
served as a squirrel’s retreat. But on
June 4th this family too had taken
wing, and the ceaseless call of the
young was silenced so that the songs
and the soft notes of the thrushes
and catbirds were welcome music.

Recently, when I was pointing out
the starling to a friend of mine — one
who does not pay much attention to
the feathered kingdom — he re¬
marked: “Oh, I thought that those
were blackbirds.” And so they do
appear to many. As a matter of fact
the starling (family Sturnidae —
Sturnus vulgaris), is a rather color¬
ful creature. It is about the size of
our thrush, 8V2 inches long from tip
of bill to end of tail. Its long slender
bill, long pointed wings, and short,
square tail give it interesting lines
when in flight. On the ground it
walks, or runs — never hops — and is
always very active and alert. At a
distance plumage appears to be
brownish black; nearby, especially
in sunlight, it is shot with purple,
green and steel-blue to the point of
iridescence. Most of the newly grown
feathers are tipped with buff. In
Summer the male is almost entirely
a glossy, multi-colored black. The
plumage of the female is not so
brilliant and the terminal spots are
larger. These markings wear off in
Winter. The young are first a grayish
brown. Moulting takes place during
late Summer in adults and young,
and then their dress is identical. Four
to six pale bluish-green eggs are laid
measuring 1.15 by .85 inches in size;
and incubation requires about 13
days. Two broods are usually raised
during the Summer, varying slightly
in May and June, which, besides the
birds’ ability to withstand severe
weather, accounts for the astound¬
ing increase in numbers during the
last 50 years. Their song sounds
like a frustrated and broken imita-'
tion of the offering of other birds,
and takes place with half-open
fluttering wings, a series of gasps,
guttural chokings, tweets, attempted
trills, with once in awhile a rather
interesting .full note — approximately
“G” in the middle register; but, all
in all, it is hardly a song; and as
you witness the energy expended and
the exuberance with which it is
carried on, you are moved to some
slight admiration at all this gusto.

In the late Summer when old and
young form flocks numbering thou¬
sands, with a chorus of indescrib¬
able chattering, you realize that the

Chlorotic Currant Bushes

I enclose a leaf of my currant
bush which is diseased. The bushes
bear fairly well. e. a.

New York

The leaves showed variegation and
whitish coloring between the veins
due to loss of chlorophyll. Years
ago sucfi a condition was always
called “chlorosis” and was thought
to be associated with an excess of
lime in the soil. Now, however,
scientists are confronted with a
whole list of so-called virus diseases
which make every mottling, curling,
and unnatural leaf growth suspicious.
No virus disease of this kind on
currants has yet been reported, but
it may be well to watch for the
symptoms another year and to re¬
port if it recurs.

The best suggestion is that you
endeavor to keep the plants in good
vigor by applications of barnyard
manure or other forms of fertilizer
which will give good nutritional
balance. Many troubles of this kind
have been overcome by this sort of
treatment. h. b. t.

starling is in the ascendant. At this
time they begin their aerial evolu¬
tions, first rising from a field, or from
their roosting quarters. Their flight
takes the form of a ball, then sudden¬
ly changes into a spiral of several
curves, and as quickly returns to
the ball formation again, all per¬
formed with amazing precision.

In 1902 Mr. Frank M.- Chapman,
curator of ornithology in the New
York Museum of Natural History,
published an article entitled, “Eco¬
nomic Value of Birds to the State,
in which he said: “The starling was
first successfully introduced into this
country by Mr. Eugene Schieffelin,
under whose direction 80 birds were
released in Central Park, New York
City, on March 6, 1890; and 40 more
on April 25, 1891. In its own habitat
it is said to be on the whole eco¬
nomically valuable; but under wholly
new surroundings, where its relations
to other species are not yet deter¬
mined, one cannot predict what its
place in nature will be. There can
be no question however, that the
present is the time to give this
matter serious consideration. In a
few years starlings will be as far
beyond control as English sparrows.”

Observe that that was written in
the year 1902. The territory now
covered by the starling has spread
north to New Brunswick, Quebec
and Ontario in Canada (it has even
been taken in Greenland), west to
Kansas and Oklahoma, and south to
Texas and Florida.

And Ludlow Griscom in his article
entitled, “Birds of the New York
City Region,” says: “The successful
introduction of this European bird
will probably prove more regrettable
than that of the house sparrow.
Equally aggressive and much larger
and stronger, it undoubtedly drives
away many of the species which
prefer some familiarity with men.”

Inasmuch as the starling is a de¬
cided foreigner — very common in
Europe and Asia — it is well to read
what the distinguished ornithologist
Saunders, in his, “Manual of British
Birds,” has to say: “The starling
nests in a hole of a tree, cliff, bank
or wall, also in chimneys and under
eaves, and sometimes with nest open
to the sky in tree or bush. Wherever
the nest is however, it is an untidy
mass of dry grass or straw, some¬
times with a little moss, wool and
a few feathers for lining. It feeds
on insects and their larvae — many
of these injurious to crops, such as
click-beetles and their larvae, wire
worms, crane flies, diamond-back
moth, slugs and worms. It also con¬
sumes grain, does great harm to
fruit, and where not too abundant
it is more beneficial than otherwise.”

There is no doubt but that the
starling is becoming too abundant.
And with its ruthless habits there is
no question but that it will drive
away many of our more attractive
birds from our habitations. I have
seen starlings go under eaves and
pull other birds out of their nests
and fight them down to the ground;
and they will watch for days, four
or five together, and seemingly
connive to tire out some avian
member of their neighborhood.

Yes, Mr. Chapman’s admonition of
1902 is a matter for still greater
“serious consideration.”

Arthur N. Hosking

Apricots Fail to Bear

We have three apricot trees 18
years of age that blossom freely each
year but bear no fruit. We are think¬
ing of cutting them down. w. s.

New York

The apricot in the East is not a
heavy bearer. This is one of the rea¬
sons that it has not become com¬
mercially profitable here, although
in the Pacific West it bears prolifi-
cally and has become well established
there.

Among the factors that are re¬
sponsible for shy bearing is the ten¬
dency of the apricot to bloom early
so that it is frequently caught by
frost. Further, although the apricot
is supposed to be self-fruitful there
is some question about all varieties.
It is best to have some other variety
for pollination and cross fertilization.
If you can locate another apricot tree
in the vicinity and can cut a branch
when the tree is in full bloom and
dust it over the trees, you can in¬
crease the set of fruit if it is lack
of pollination that is responsible for
your trouble. h. b. t.

557

Saving Cucumbers for Seed

Saving cucumber and cantaloupe
seeds is not a difficult task and it
repays a grower well for the little
extra time he spends doing it. It
must be remembered, however, that
the plant as a whole must be taken
into consideration and not merely
individual fruits.

Plants selected for seed purposes
should have a good growth, be free
from disease and should contain a
large number of ideally shaped and
colored specimens. After this type
of plant has been selected it should
be marked with a stake and all of
the fruits from this plant saved for
seed. Allow the fruit to ripen on
the plant before picking. Then cut
the fruit in half, scoop out the seed,
wash thoroughly and allow it to dry
as quickly as possible out of direct
sunlight. Store in a cool, dry place,
preferably in a soft bag. Home¬
grown seed obtained in this way will
always give good results, according
to George E. Lamb, County Farm
Agent of Gloucester County.

Potash Fertilizer for Sussex Farms

Research and demonstrations have
shown that extra potash is needed
for better yields of hay and pasture
in Sussex County. Farmers who
previously included only super¬
phosphate in their fertilizer program
for the establishment of legume
seedings now are using potash as
well as phosphate.

It has also been found by research
and by demonstrations on individual
farms that the addition each year
of mineral fertilizer, phosphate and
potash, to legume sods will lengthen
the life of such sods and increase
the yields of such legumes beyond

Farm Boy Winner

Roger Pratt, 18 year old son of
Mr. and Mrs. J. Howard Pratt of
Gaines, N. Y., has received an Em¬
pire Farmer’s Degree, the highest
state award bestowed upon a Future
Farmer of America member. Special¬
izing in purebred livestock, this
young man has received countless
awards at county fairs in both F.F.A.
and 4-H work and has been very
active in judging teams. A Future
Farmer for four years at Albion
High School, he served as vice-presi¬
dent of the group during the school
year of 1941. Last year he won second
in the State F.F.A. Chick Rearing
Contest and received 200 chicks. This

Wins Empire Farmer’s Degree.

year the Gaines chapter designated
him as a delegate to the State F.F.A.
convention at the State Fair in
Syracuse.

During Roger’s four years in this
work, he has realized a profit of over
$3,000. A summary follows: 1938,
two purebred Guernsey calves, a
purebred Guernsey cow, 150 chicks,
one-half acre popcorn, profit $218.
1939, two purebred Guernsey cows,
two purebred Guernsey calves, 600
chicks, 75 laying flock, squash and
onions, profit $584. 1940, two pure¬
bred Guernsey calves, one heifer, two
purebred Guei'nsey cows, 628 chicks,
onions, carrots, popcorn, profit $931.
1941, three purebred Guernsey cows,
one heifer, two purebred Guernsey
calves, 19 purebred Lincoln sheep,
825 chicks, one acre each of potatoes,
carrots and peas and one-half acre
of onions. This year he has approxi¬
mately $1,400 in cash and invested
in projects. p. b. o.

ftr RURAL. NEW-YORKER

News From New Jersey

the cost of the fertilizer application.

Phosphate is no longer recognized
by the practical farmer as the only
plant food lacking in Sussex County
soils. For establishment of legume
seedings 400 pounds 20 per cent
superphosphate and 100 to 150 pounds
potash are recommended for an acre
application. For yearly top dressings
of alfalfa and Ladine clover, 200 to
300 pounds superphosphate and 100
pounds potash are recommended.

Sowing Winter Grain

Under Hunterdon County con¬
ditions winter barley should be
sown around the middle of Septem¬
ber. It requires a couple of weeks
start on wheat which cannot safely
be sown in Hunterdon County until
after September 27 on account of
the possibility of damage by Hessian
Fly. Winter barley is not as certain
a crop as wheat and should be
sown only on well-drained land.

Cover Crops Should be Sown

A number of Monmouth County
vegetable growers have proved that
there is no need for the lack of
winter cover crops on some of the
vegetable acreage because of the old
excuse that the crop was harvested
too late to get in a cover. Domestic
rye grass sown alone at the rate of
20 pounds per acre, or with crimson
clover or vetch at the rate of 10
pounds of each, will make an ex¬
cellent winter cover and will add
soil improvement. If these crops
cannot be used, the next best is to
use either wheat or rye. These .
cereal covers are much better than

no cover at all. The vegetable crop
can be harvested just the same, and
the winter cover will grow between
the rows.

Wins Judging Honors

4-H poultry club champions were
named recently in contests that saw
boys and girls from all sections of
the State competing in what proved
to be a feature event of the annual
Morris County Fair.

Outstanding competitor was 16
year-old Gale Moody of Woodstown,
who scored 735 out of a possible 800
points to make the best record in
judging and who also, with his twin
brother Dale, won the poultry
demonstration team contest.

Winter Barley

Kentucky No. 1, a new variety of
winter barley developed in Kentucky,
leads other varieties tested in six
comparisons during the past three
years in Hunterdon County by a
considerable margin. The average of
six tests gives the new variety a
yield of 47.3 bushels of grain and
2,466 pounds of straw. The second
highest yielding variety is Maryland
Smooth Awn with 30 bushels of
grain and 1,997 pounds of straw.

Victory Oats Lead

Victory oats out yielded seven
others in a test on the farm of
Charles V. N. Davis & Son, New
Center, this year. This variety pro¬
duced 44.4 bushels per acre; Key¬
stone, 41.8; Swedish Star, 41.5;
Vicland, 38.7; Swedish Select, 38.1;
Climax, 36.9; Kanota, 36.0; and
Stiff Straw, 35.0.

All were panted side by side, at

the same time, in the same field and
all fertilized and treated alike.

Good Hay Yield Reported

The year 1941 will go down in
history as one of the county’s best
hay years. Although the drought of
May cut the yield of first cutting;
good growing weather during the
balance of the season made crops
of second and third cuttings of
alfalfa and many good crops of
second cutting red clover. Clarence
Curtis, of Milford, on September 15
made a fourth cutting of alfalfa
which is quite unusual for that sec¬
tion. The first cutting was made on
May 20. Total yield per acre on that
field according to Mr. Curtis will
exceed four tons.

New Jersey Grapes Go Patriotic

Red grapes, white grapes, blue
grapes — take your choice or do a
bit of flag-waving and use all three!
They’re on the market in abundance
at the present, fresh from New
Jersey vineyards. Every family that
enjoys seasonal fresh fruits will wel¬
come the annual Fall appearance of
red and wnite grapes, served just
as they come from the vine or in
salads and fruit cups. The rich
purple color and spicy fragrance of
blue grapes make them particularly
well adapted to use in pies, puddings
and in a variety of preserves.

Holds Gloucester Co. Dairy Record

The dairy herd of J. Howard Hunt,
Mullica Hill, led the Gloucester
County Dairy Herd Improvement
Association in both butterfat and
milk production during last month
with an average production of 43.77
pounds of fat and 1,175.6 pounds of
milk. John W. Wilkinson

ANNOUNCING

THE FINEST

EVER BUILT

pflpils

POWER MATCHED

FOR FARM WORK

INTO THE 1942 TRUCKS Ford has
built a larger measure of depend¬
ability, economy and reliability
than ever before. It is the most
extensive line in Ford history, built
to take care of more than 95% of
all hauling jobs.

The power range provided by
the new Ford 90 hp 6-cylinder
engine, the two famous Ford V-8s,
and the Super-Economy "4,” makes
it possible for you to select a Ford
engine that is Power -Matched

to your particular farm work.

Ford engineering and research
have contributed vitally important
improvements in the new Ford
Trucks. You can depend on them
to handle your toughest jobs.

The 1942 Ford Trucks, reflect¬
ing 38 years of Ford manufactur¬
ing experience, are the finest Ford
Trucks ever built. Let your Ford
dealer determine your require¬
ments and specify the right Ford
Truck for your farm.

4 GREAT ENGINES

126 CHASSIS and
BODY COMBINATIONS

6 WHEELBASES

ALL-NEW 114-INCH
COMMERCIAL CAR
CHASSIS

For 1942— a
New High in
PERFORMANCE
and even

GREATER ECONOMY

/b svazA-Tb 4kof-/b dove

558

7ht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER
Established IS50

FnblUhed Bl-W«ekly by the Ilnral ruhliahing Co., Ine. BB3 West 80th St., Now York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Bkrghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworih, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Hoyle

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, {2.05.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates. $1.50 per agate line— 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“ A SQUARE DEAL”

We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬
sible person. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of
reliable houses only. But to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any
such 8 windier will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon
to adjust differences or mistakes between our subscribers and honest,
responsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good
offices to this end, but such cases should not be confused with dishonest
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts.
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New-
Yorker when writing the advertiser.

This in Free America

A LETTER from the U. S. Department of
Agriculture contained the following
statements:

“More than 50 per cent of the million
undernourished children in the Northeastern
States are from farm homes. The million
needy children will be provided with a noon
day lunch this Fall and Winter. This is about
one-sixth of the nation’s needy children. The
food is purchased by the Surplus Marketing
Administration of the Department of Agri¬
culture and is distribured to schools by the
public welfare authorities. Purchase of this
food means a wider market for the parents
of farm children. The program will be ex¬
panded more widely in this school year.

“Feeding children in classrooms is to a large
extent a rural program. Sixty per cent of
the children and 75 per cent of the schools
to which food was sent last year are in rural
areas. There is a considerable need for
nourishing meals at mid-day. Often this need
is as great as exists in teeming cities.

“Mothers, teachers and others in many
American communities have begun to see the
effect of inadequate food on children. Some¬
times they are surprised to learn that needy
children from the next farm go to school
with a cold potato or biscuit in their lunch
kit and that children were slipping behind
in their studies from lack of energy brought
on by lack of food.”

This was supposed to be a boom for the
governmental benevolent activities. To us it
is a self reproach to the government that
boasts of equal opportunity for all individ¬
uals and all classes. American farmers are
the greatest producers of basic products. Not
long since, the government required that they
plow under crops and destroy food animals.
The government defeats them in the process
of distribution. It starves the children of
food producers, then offers the children free
lunches as bribes for the parents’ votes.

More Cheese Indictments

INDICTMENTS have been obtained in
New York by Assistant Attorney General
Arnold against four companies, two associa¬
tions and 75 individuals charging a price
fixing monopoly in the cheese industry in
Northern and Western New York.

The two indictments, both returned by a
Federal Grand Jury cn September 25, are
substantially similar in their charges of con¬
spiracy to arbitrarily fix and maintain mini¬
mum and non-competitive prices to be paid
by cheese dealers to cheese manufacturers.
The indictment covering the Northern New
York area which produces about 75 per cent
of the 25,000,000 pounds of cheese produced
annually in the State, deals with the opera¬
tions of the Gouverneur Cheese Board. It
charges that the Board, composed of dealers
and manufacturers and meeting either weekly
or biweekly at the St. Lawrence Inn in
Gouverneur, receives reports from its Price
Committee of the prices established by the
Committee, which prices are announced as the
prices for the ensuing week; that during the
Board meetings, there are no bids, offers or
actual sales of cheese made by members of

the Board, and that the defendants have ad¬
hered to the prices so announced. Covering
the Western New York area producing the
25 per cent remaining cheese, the other in¬
dictment names the Cuba Cheese Board as
the agent which transm ts to Board members
the price established by the defendants for
the coming week, which price is likewise ad¬
hered to, as in the case of .the Gouverneur
Board.

The concerns named in the first indictment
(Northern New York) include Kraft Cheese
Company, Miller-Richardson Company, Inc.
(a Kraft subsidiary), and McCadam Cheese
Company, Inc., together with the Gouverneur
Cheese Board and 55 individuals, among them
officers and directors of the three companies
named. The second indictment names The
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, and
also Kraft Cheese Company and Miller-
Richardson Company, Inc., along with the
Cuba Cheese Board and 28 individuals, eight
of whom are likewise named in the Gouver¬
neur indictment.

These two indictments follow closely upon
the Sheffield and Borden indictments in store
price-fixing and also the cheese monopoly
indictments obtained in Wisconsin last July
against Borden, Kraft and others operating
in the Plymouth Exchange.

New York Apple Production

rT'v HE latest census figures indicate that
* New York State may be on its way to
become the first State in the production of
apples. New York is shown to have 932,496
more trees under bearing age than Washington
State, now first in apple production.

Washington grew 23,656,317 of the more
than 150 million bushels of apples harvested
in the year. New York was second with
19,732,173 bushels. In 10 years New York had
increased its apple production by over five
million bushels.

A picture of the growth of fruit production
in New York is given by these comparative
figures from the 1940 census:

1940 1930

Apples . 19,732,173 bus. 13,991,729 bus.

Peaches . 1,728,862 bus. 1,044,534 bus.

Pears . 1,025,707 bus. 701,237 bus.

Cherries . 48,819,518 lbs. 29,329,664 lbs.

Grapes . 113,680,299 lbs. 154,409,640 lbs.

Plums and prunes 154,497 bus. 214,437 bus.

New York State reported 5,377,131 apple
trees of bearing age in the 1940 census,
against 3,404,140 in Washington.

John J . Mead

JOHN J. MEAD, Sr., editor and publisher
of the Erie Daily Times, Erie, Pa., was
struck by a truck in the road close to his
home and killed on September 15. He was
78 years old. His wife and three sons sur¬
vive him. He was an uncle of Senator Mead
of New York.

Mr. Mead was a friend of many years to
this paper and its publisher and editor. He
was a loyal friend not only to those near
him but also to all within the circle of his
reach. This was broader than he probably
realized. He always stood for truth, humanity
and justice. We have known where the fruit
of his services benefited a large group of
farmers who knew nothing of his influence
in their favor. He leaves his family the price¬
less memory of a life devoted to the service
of others.

FEEDING for egg production involves many
factors, (1) age of birds; (2) physical
condition and fleshing, body weight; (3) pro¬
portion of grain to mash; (4) freedom from
disease.

Old hens at this time of year will, of course,
be declining in egg production; the pullets
should be on the upgrade. Usually when
pullets are housed, they may be getting more
grain than mash. However, this proportion
is gradually changed through the Winter by
reducing grain and forcing the birds to eat
much more mash than grain. Sometimes to
get the added mash intake needed, one has
to resort to feeding moist mash, (regular lay¬
ing mash moistened), or laying pellets. If
the birds are relatively free from disease, it
is necessary to get good weight on them and
secure a large food intake to insure good rate
of egg production.

October 18, 1941

What Farmers Say

AS SMALL BUSINESS SEES IT

We are one of the small manufacturing com¬
panies who have had to buck up against the
famous O.P.M. (Office of Production Manage¬
ment) .

Not only have we been to Washington and
had a man spend a week in Washington, but
we have done everything conceivable in our
power to obtain results, and such results as
we have had so far, have been spotty to say
the least.

The facts of the matter are that O.P.M. just
does not know whether they are on foot or on
horseback. According to their figures, the De¬
fense requirements of steel in 1942 amount to
13,800,000 tons, whereas steel is now being pro¬
duced at the rate of 90,000,000 tons a year.

We are convinced that O.P.M. is being used
for a definite purpose and that this great
confusion is not confusion brought about
through ignorance or bad management, but
it is a ' confusion brought about deliberately
with a definite plan of the government
to take over business, particularly small
business, or ruin it ' so that the government will
have to take it over. I cannot believe that the
colossal blundering of the O.P.M. is such. If it
is, it is high time that the people of this country
be made aware of it.

It is the writer’s opinion that we have a
Communistic Government — more Communistic in
fact than the government in Russia; that they
are using the present situation to change our
form of government. This is my conviction after
carefully studying the actions of our govern¬
ment for the last eight years, and I cannot see
how any other conclusions can be arrived at by
anyone who will take the trouble to review the
step-by-step movements that our government
has made.

We are not infallible. We may be very wrong
in our conclusions. We would very much like
to be proved wrong, but if we are right, it is
way past time for the country to realize it.

New York Small Business

A LETTER FROM A DEVOTED FRIEND

I am 99 years old and while I am able to move
about in the house and listen to the radio for
news, I have entirely given up reading maga¬
zines and books. My eyes are going back on me.
With my reading glass I can read the heavy
headlines and get some idea of the news. I do
not expect things to get any better or the war
to end until our Saviour comes to destroy the
wicked and set up His own kingdom.

I was a farmer’s daughter and a farmer’s wife
and have enjoyed The Rural New-Yorker many
many years. When Mr. Collingwood died, I felt
we had lost a friend. My husband died in 1923
and there was no more garden work to do ex¬
cept for flowers. I kept the R. N.-Y. because I
liked it but I cannot see to read it now. I bid
good-bye to the R. N.-Y. and friends.

Connecticut mrs. m. p. w.

FROM OLD VIRGINIA

When I read of your consistent and persistent
efforts on behalf of the milk producers of your
great State, championing their cause in the face
of almost unsurmountable difficulties, I wonder
if your services are fully appreciated. Human
nature takes so much for granted.

Your paper under God has and always will
wield a powerful influence in the moulding of
public opinion. Your articles on the Constitution
are particularly elevating and instructive in an
awakening of the public conscience to the in¬
comparable worth of that historic and immortal
document.

May we, your family, appreciate more fully
your untiring efforts on our behalf.

Virginia W. Frank Fisher

Brevities

An unusual Fall — mid-October with no frost.

Members of 4-H Clubs sold 35 tons of baby
beef at the recent New York State Fair for $13,000.

The use of picking machines for turkeys and
other poultry is increasing. They are effective
and economic in large plants.

Texas has 520,000 mules. Georgia and Missis¬
sippi came next with 320,000. Iowa leads in
horses, with 660,000.

At least one-third of this country’s corn acre¬
age is planted with hybrid seed, as this has proven
its superiority in vigor and yield.

Heavier consumption of cotton is expected this
year — perhaps to 10,500,000 bales. Cotton is ex¬
pected to figure large in replacement of jute, silk,
hemp and flax.

New york State has a cold storage capacity
of 86,300,000 cubic feet. Below zero temperature
can be had in 16 per cent of this space; 9 per
cent from 1 to 10 above zero; and the remainder
from 30 to 45 degrees.

The recent storm which swept up from the
Gulf knocked off a great many apples in Western
New York. Four apple counties lost about 1,500,-
000 bushels, which will now go largely to cider
mills, evaporators and canneries.

And he shall judge among many people, and
rebuke strong nations afar off; and they shall
beat their swords into ploughshares and their
spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift
up sword against nation, neither shall they learn
war any more.” Micah 4:3.

559

Our Great Democracy

Part X

HESE articles have given a fairly full
description of the framework of our
democratic government. In accepting it, we
as citizens first acknowledged God as our
creator, appealed to Him for direction and
wisdom and promised Him our love and
obedience. We accept from Him the priceless
gifts of life and liberty, happiness and mercy.
We accept the precious gift of freedom with
a corresponding sense of our responsibility in
the test of right and wrong and in the scales
of truth and justice as dictated by our own
conscience. We have been thrilled with
. assurance that we will be governed by the
will of the governed. That is by ourselves.
We are edified with our freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, freedom of assembly,
and discussion and appeal, freedom to ap¬
prove the faithful and to reprove wrong doers.

We are dignified with the assurance that
we have the right to work or not to work,
that we are charged with the duty of support,
and that we are entitled to the fruits of our
own labor, prudence and forethought. Such
is our gift of freedom. We cherish our liberty.
We prize the dignity with which God has
endowed us. We realize that if we abuse our
liberty and abuse the gifts, we may justly
lose them. If we neglect our obligation to
support ourselves and permit others to feed
us and lead ug astray, we become subjects
to them. We lose our freedom. We become
their slaves. The fathers of our government
gave us a great charter through which we
may provide ourselves, our children and
those whom the accidents of life have dis¬
qualified to provide for themselves; and God
has .given us intelligence and ability to pro¬
vide for ourselves by application of the
fundamental truths of that great charter.

For about one-half of our national existence
we were guided in the main by the spirit
of the provisions of the Constitution. We
grew and prospered. We defended ourselves
in several wars. We assumed the expense
of them. Andrew Jackson (1828-36) paid the
entire debt and distributed $35,000,000 to the
States. Errors were made but the provisions
of the Constitution tested the effect of every
act. As a result, national wealth was more
evenly distributed than ever before or
since. There was equality for all and
special favor for none. As a whole, our states¬
men were leaders in morals and ethics, in
ability and character. Public morals were at
par with private morals. The principal in¬
dustry was agriculture. The major part of
the citizenry were self-supporting farmers
up to the Civil War. Then the picture changes
as we shall see.

35 Cents vs. $5.00 is no Parity

A COMMITTEE of three members of each
of the five dairy groups and one college
man from each of three States — New York,
Vermont and Pennsylvania — met in Ithaca
on September 30 to determine a price for milk
based on cost of production.

The cost per 100 pounds of Class I milk
for the seven winter months was fixed at
$3.15 in New York State, $3.07 in Pennsyl¬
vania and $3.03 in Vermont. No details of
the formula are available, but it is said that
35 cents an hour was allowed for labor.
Common laborers are now paid $1 an hour
for removing rubbish in a wheelbarrow from
buildings in course of construction. Men with
less skill than a farm laborer get up to $5
an hour. These laborers are skilled in one
operation. The average farmer is skilled in
20 operations, each one requiring as much
skill as the average mechanic. Yet the college
professor, knowing that the farmer feeds
these industrial workers, estimates the farm
expert labor at 35 cents an hour and writes
volumes about parity.

As we understand, a sub-committee of five
has gone to Washington to appeal for another
increase over the price set by the experts.
Mr. Owen D. Young, the Chairman of the
Committee, is reported as dissatisfied with the
experts’ conclusions.

We have approved the effort for increased
milk prices to cover cost of production. But
the process of appeal is about run out. It has
been going on for five months. In the mean¬

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

time farmers produce at a loss while dealers
profit daily.

Everybody knows now that Borden’s which
dominates the Dairymen’s League and
Sheffield Farms, both of whom fix prices for
their producers, created the present system,
and control the price of both wholesale and
retail milk in the New York market. The
Dairymen’s League has become a dealer as
well as an agent of producers in furnishing
Borden’s supply for the metropolitan market.
The testimony is that Borden’s gets a special
price or a rebate.

For years the leaders of the League denied
their subordination to Borden’s and went
through the farce of announcing milk prices
which Borden’s dictated. Together they have
high power in both Albany and Washington
where the price of milk to farmers ;s now
fixed by authority of law.

When they had reduced farmers to
the brink of ruin and farmers rebelled,
then the League drooped the claim that
it set the price and, with the back¬
ing of Borden’s, National Dairy, the Cornell
experts and politicians, fixed up the Rogers-
Alien Law, the Bargaining Agencies and the
Federal-State Orders, with the assurance of a
“living price for milk,” whatever that may
mean. Now the experts testify that farmers
have not had cost of production in 11 years.
The League leaders, fearing the wrath of
disillusioned dairymen, are now shouting
hysterical, hypocritical demands to its own
baby for increased milk prices.

The record shows that the present system
is a failure and a calamity to the dairy in¬
dustry. Farmers themselves are the rightful
authority to set prices on the milk they
produce.

Merchandising Farm Products

A HONEY dew melon ordered from the
hotel menu and awaited with keenest
expectancy proved a hard, insipid, worthless
item that brought only disappointment and
the resolve “never to try one of those things
again.” And that is where the producer fails,
because whether he likes it or not he must
sooner or later see to it that the product which
he raises reaches the consumer in such a
condition that it satisfies and calls for a
repeat order.

Coffee, cigarettes, candy, flour, and a
hundred and one other items insist upon cer¬
tain retail standards of freshness and quality,
and the consumer learns to depend upon re¬
ceiving satisfaction. But the producer of
horticultural products too often produces the
goods and calls his job done. The banana
industry sees to it that the banana is ripened
in especially designed chambers before it is
offered to the public. Western pear men have
found it necessary to send a representative
into eastern markets to educate the market
to the fact that the Bose, Comice, and Hardy
varieties must be pre-ripened before being
offered to the trade. Western apple men are
trying to educate retail handlers of apples
in the best methods of merchandising their
product. The Apple Institute is doing good
work along the same lines.

The beginnings are small but they are in
the right direction, and every bit of thought
and support given to such plans by producers
themselves and by them representatives will
be the foundation stones under a more secure
industry, whether it be honey dew melons,
apples, potatoes, or just beans.

A Hopeful Distinction

A FEDERAL representative speaking at
the canceled mortgage celebration of
the Hillsdale Producers Cooperative said:

“If there were a Hillsdale Producer Co¬
operative at the four-corners of every town
in New York State, there would be no trouble
or problem in the dairy industry.”

We re-echo that truism but it is the first
intimation, as far as we have known, that
a federal representative recognized the differ¬
ence between a real farm cooperative and a
counterfeit so-called cooperative dominated
by a milk dealer.

Another authority credits the statement to
William F. Berghold of The R. N.-Y. editorial
staff, but the sentiment is realistic enough to
do credit to both these distinguished orators.

Market for Cut-Up Poultry

MODERN trends in marketing have been
to cater more and more to the consumer
needs, as well as to the eye and appetite.
First, we saw the skinning of broilers, next
eviscerated poultry, and now cut-up poultry.
Cut-up chicken has many advantages and
makes it possible to appeal to all classes of
buyers. A suitable price differential between
breast meat and necks will readily move cut¬
up portions of any type of dressed poultry.

A 20 pound live turkey cuts up about as
follows: Breast 6 lbs.; legs, including second
joint, 5 lbs.; wings, 1% lbs.; back and neck,
3 lbs.; gizzard and heart Vz lb.; and liver
'A lb.

There are many advantages as to why cut¬
up portions should be helpful in merchan¬
dising poultry meats. First it is convenient
for the housewife in buying just what she
needs and prefers. Ip the second place, there
is absolutely no loss. In addition, refrigerator
space is saved, and in the average home that
is an important factor.

Cut-up chicken and turkey, attractively
wrapped, should make it possible to increase
the sale of poultry meats also to those who
have access to quick freezing and storage
plants, or home owned freezer units. The
possibilities for cut-up chicken in your area
are certainly worth investigating and follow¬
ing up.

6t Seven Decades of Milk”

The author of this appreciation is a well
known and distinguished minister of an
Episcopalian parish in Dutchess County, New
York. He is also the owner and operator of
a dairy farm in the same county. In the
morals and economics of milk, there is no
higher authority.

“Seven Decades of Milk” is a book that needs
several readings and much study. I have en¬
joyed this study very much. No one but Mr.
Dillon could have written this book. It is very
seldom that you find a writer perfectly free to
say just what he wants to say.

The handicap of the average dairyman is that
he does not know all the facts about milk traffic.
He could not be expected to know. He knows
his own end of the business but he has not the
time, the inclination, nor the opportunity to get
a true picture of the milk business as a whole.
Mr. Dillon has set forth a complete picture. I
want to illustrate this. The dairyman knows
the fact that, say 30 years ago, he received from
the Borden Company from 50 cents to $1 a can
for his milk. What he did not know was the
related fact that the Borden Company, with no
regard for the dairyman’s welfare, not only made
huge profits, paying big annual dividends but
made so much that every few years they “cut
a melon” for their stockholders of some such
trifle as 20 or 30 million dollars. It is such re¬
lated facts that it is important for the dairyman
to know.

Mr. Dillon is the one person who has furnished
all the facts, all the time. Of late years, thanks
to such champions as Mr. Dillon, the dairyman
has become more intelligent about his own busi¬
ness. He knows more facts about milk traffic
than he did. This has resulted in more secre¬
tiveness, or under-cover action on the part of
the milk barons for one thing. One of the stand¬
ing unchanging facts is that the milk exploiters’
tricks are endless and unlimited. If the dairy¬
man will keep this fact in mind, he can easily
relate it to many unpleasant things he has to
undergo.

“Seven Decades of Milk” furnishes the facts
so essential to dairy farmers’ welfare. It should
be The Dairyman’s Bible. A study of it will lead
to the one and only solution to his problem,
which is separating himself absolutely from
dealer control, getting together with his fellows,
and conducting his own business.

“Seven Decades of Milk” should be read by
every farmer. It should be in every public and
Grange library. The dairyman who can take
it down from his shelves at will and read, learn,
and inwardly digest, will profit greatly thereby.

Dutchess County, N. Y. Thomas R. Hazzard

August Milk Prices

The prices paid for 3.5 per cent milk by co¬
operatives and dealers reporting for the month
of August are as follows:

Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.

Hillsdale Producers Co-op. Inc. . . $2.84 $0.06

Fly Creek Co-op. Inc . 2.53 .0538

Crowley’s Milk Co. Inc . 2.50 .053

M. H. Renkeri Dairy Co . 2.48 .0527

Rock Royal Co-op. Inc . 2.48 .0527

Sheffield Producers . 2.47 .052

Dairymen’s League Inc . 2.40 .051

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . 2.31 .049

These are basic prices. Fat, freight, bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

560

Jht RURAL. NEW. YORKER

' YOU’LL LIKE ^

ITS HEFT

arid the way it cuts!

— you’ll like its balance and easy feel.
Every Collins Axe has passed rigid tests
for balance and straightness of eye. Every
Collins Axe is tempered and heat treated
by the most modern methods to make
it “cut longer between sharpenings.”

Ask for Collins Axes, Hatchets, Picks,
Bush Hooks and Hoes — You’ll get
tools that will do more work for you.

A NEW BOOK

FR E E I

Send the coupon for
the newest Collins
book for farmers —
“The Axe” — it’s
packed with sug¬
gestions to take
some of the hard
labor out of your .
woods work.

Since 1826 this
trademark has been
the guide to the
rinf "*? best in axes.

tECITIMUS

Dept. NY

The Collins Company, Collinsville, Conn.
I want a copy of “The Axe.”

Name . . .

Address . i .

FARM LABOR
SUPPLY HIT!

NATIONAL DEFENSE
TAKES FARM.HELP,

Shortage Serious in
Most Sections

• If you’re short on farm help
. . . right now when National
Defense demands every farmer and
dairyman to produce more . . . let
Louden Barn Equipment help solve
your problem. Modern Louden steel
stalls and stanchions, litter and
feed carriers, water bowls, ventila¬
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of several. In the cleaner, more
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and drinking water . . . your cows
ust naturally give more milk and
utterfat , . . actually on less feed
... at less cost.

Nation-wide Barn Plan Service

Because time is important now,
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Best ways to build or improve any
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(Est. 1867)

1047 Broadway, Depl. S. Albany, N. Y.
Branches: Fairfield Toltdo Ct. Paul

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Write for FREE catalog today!

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO., P 2744 W. 37th Place. Chicago

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page.

October 18, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

Experimental
work conducted
b y investigators
for the U. S. De¬
partment of Agri¬
culture, Bureau of

Animal Industry, has made Belts-
ville, Maryland, the greatest Re¬
search Center in the world. On my
visit there last May, I was greatly
impressed not only with the scope
and volume of the important work
being conducted, but especially by
the manner of its operation.

The B. A. I. deals with a wide
range of research projects, all of
which are intensely important and
practical in their relationship to our
livestock industry. These projects
cover such work as control and
eradication of animal diseases and
parasites, production problems and
projects, inspection work, and the
enforcement of Federal livestock
laws and regulations.

Cattle

Senior Animal Husbandman, W.
H. Black, in charge of beef and
dual purpose cattle investigations
was away on field work the day I
called. However, his assistant, Earl
W. McComas, went over their current
and recent cattle investigational
work with me. Relative to produc¬
ing creep-fed, feeder and lot-fattened
calves a recent report on this matter
by Mr. McComas shows in partial
summary the creep-fed calves (fed
grain in creeps following their dams
on highly productive pasture) were
fat enough to be classed as slaughter
cattle when weaned and were
marketed at an average age of 230
days. Calves that received no creep¬
feeding or other supplemental feed¬
ing following their dams on similar
pasture were classed as feeders when

Beltsville and The B. A. I.

By R . W. Duck

Steers on bluegrass so supplemented
averaged 161 pounds gain per acre,
those on rotation bluegrass pasture
averaged 138 pounds, and those on
continuously grazed bluegrass past¬
ure 117 pounds.

Hogs

The recent studies of Hetzer,

Lambert and Zeller relative to in-

of desirable mar¬
ket hogs. It has
the weight advan¬
tage that is flexi¬
ble enough to
furnish a good
market hog at 200 to 235 pounds,
and can caxry additional weight
if economic conditions make it
desirable. In number and weight
of pigs weaned the small type
hog was lower than the inter¬
mediate and large types. The small
type sows also required more mat¬
ings to get with pig than the others.

Breeding, feeding and manage¬

Good pasture, shade, water and salt are the prime requisites for economi¬
cal and successful beef production. This is part of the Shorthorn herd at
the U. S. Department of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Beltsville, Md.

fluence of inbreeding and other fac¬
tors on litter size in Chester White
swine shows in partial summary
that as a consequence of inbreeding
the general trend of litter size at
birth, as well as at 28 days and at
70 days was downward. Individual
differences in sires had no direct
influence on number of pigs far¬

An open shed provides adequate and economical shade and shelter for
these breeding ewes and lambs on oat and pea pasture, at the U. S.
Department of Agriculture Experimental Farm, Beltsville, Maryland.

weaned at 226 days of age. These
calves were later fattened in dry lot.
An average of only 123 pounds of
grain was required for each 100
pounds gain produced by the creep-
fed calves, at the daily consumption
rate of 2.65 pounds per head. They
finished to salable condition four
months earlier than non creep-fed
calves.

Further correlation studies be¬
tween head measurements and rate
and efficiency of gain indicate that
shape of feeder head is not an index
to gaining ability. This is contrary
to common belief and practice in
selecting feeders. In the Bureau’s
investigations length of head had
the highest negative correlation with
rate and efficiency of gain, and width
of head and width of muzzle had
no influence.

In record-of-performance studies
the progeny of three breeding herds
of Hereford cattle have been tested.
In a 306-day feeding trial in which
representative steers from each herd
were fattened to an average weight
of 900 pounds significant differences
in rate and efficiency of gain as well
as quality were observed. Progeny
testing will be continued, and under
a practical workable plan is now
being applied to farm and range
conditions. Closely related bulls
have been shown to sire vastly
different progeny from a desirable
feeder consideration.

A three year average of the
Bureau’s steer-pasture work at Sni-
A-Bar Farms, Grain Valley, Mis¬
souri, with Shorthorns, shows that
supplementing bluegrass with Korean
lespedeza is decidedly advantageous
in terms of pounds of gain per acre.

rowed. Age influence indicated that
maximum sized litters were farrowed
with sows of from years to 5V2
years of age.

In discussing swine type as a
factor in pork production with J. H.
Zeller, senior animal husbandman,
B. A. I., he called my attention to
their investigation of this practical
subject conducted at Beltsville from
1931 to 1938. Based on these com¬
prehensive studies it was concluded
that, all factors considered, the inter¬
mediate type of hog is believed to
be superior to the large type in its
ability to produce present day type

ment swine studies are in progress
at Beltsville and also at various State
Experiment Stations, in cooperation
with the B. A. I. Tests are now being
conducted with several breeds of
hogs. It is possible these investiga¬
tions may and probably will result
in producing new types, strains and
breeds which will prove especially
suited to our markets and economic
conditions.

In comparison between pigs pos¬
sessing different quantities of blood
of both Landrace and Poland China,
Landrace and Duroc- Jersey, Land-
race and Hampshire, or Yorkshire
and Duroc- Jersey and those pro¬
duced by their parent breeds, the
cross-breds were found to be su¬
perior, in the majority of cases, in
number of pigs farrowed per litter,
percentage of pigs born alive and
pigs weaned of those born alive,,
average birth weight per pig, num¬
ber of pigs weaned per litter, and
average weight per litter at weaning.
A summary of the results obtained
at Beltsville for weaning weight per
litter showed an average of 180.2
pounds for the 10 Duroc- Jersey
litters, 194.5 for the 20 Landrace, 178
for the 3 Yorkshire, 221.9 for the 24
Landrace X Duroc-Jersey, 234.5 for
the 14 Landrace X Large Black, 217.5
for the 33 Landrace X Poland China,
and 214.6 pounds for the Yorkshire
X Duroc-Jersey litters. The respec¬
tive average litter sizes at weaning
were 6.2, 7.0, 5.7, 8.0, 8.1, 7.5 and
7.7 pigs.

Supplementing previous carcass
tests recent studies show further
evidence of the good qualities of the
Danish Landrace hogs in producing
a high percentage of edible lean meat
in the region of valuable pork cuts.

A test with pigs fed from weaning
to a final weight of approximately
225 pounds shows that when fed a

The swine cross-breeding and selection work now being conducted by the
D. S. Department of Agriculture investigators at Beltsville, Maryland
shows favorable progress and promise of producing desirable new utility
types, strains, and breeds of hogs especially suited to our markets and con¬
ditions. The gilt on the left is a Landrace X Poland China cross-bred • the
one the right is a Duroc-Jersey X Yorkshire cross-bred.

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

561

Flash! KO-EX-7

Plan Puts “Crimp” In

MASTITIS

No “Guess Work”. No expensive, experi¬
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does the job- Nothing like it ever before
known. Tells at a glance DEGREE OR SE¬
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Thymol Test. Checks losses from “Slack”
quarters. Makes Dairyman “Boss” of Mas¬
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ACCURACY IS GUARANTEED and— it’s
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“Safety Zone”. For details of FREE OFFER
write Sterling Research Corp., Dept. A-3, 775
Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. Send no money.
Just name, address and number of cows.

SPRINGDALE FARM DISPERSAL

One mile north of Walden, N. Y., off 208, Monday
Oct. 27th at 1 o’clock. 21 pure bred Holsteins; Nega¬
tive-Accredited. Featuring show winners, 4% test,
young, heavy producing Ormsbys. Fresh or Springers,
10 months. Sire, from a 4% family, by a son of
Ormsby Direct. Circular upon request. 0. S. JANSEN
Auctioneer, Wallkill, N. Y. Tel. 3-1474. B. H.
DECKER Owner, Walden, N. Y. Tel. 2-2971.

DOGS

Coon Dog For Sale

Six years old. Will not run Deer or Fox. Excellent
dog. Write or call. Phone Peekskill 2187M.

HARRY WHITE, R. F. D. 3, PEEKSKILL, N.- Y.

•COON HOUNDS*

gjj%, 'ffa. peWsylvan’a

PT DCDAIACnQ All breeds, details free!! Book:
01. DLnllnllPd 104 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels. No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

HJREBRED COCKER FUPS AND DOGS.
_ Non-Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLOS, NEW YORK

—SHEPHERDS—

$5.00 Female; $8.00 Male C. O. D. Approval

L. BARNUM, PRATTSVILLE, NEW YORK

Airedale Female Pups— Two months old $8. Watch

& BTo‘t"tE Eg"'" « Ei»0fK.Pr“%EWJ Y^k

Red. Smooth Fox Terrier Pops “til “r”

r t n— « D„_- Reg. $35. up. Time payments.

Great Dane nips farmhqlm, New paitz, n. y.

g^ys^TARM?011^-^- MAD.loN,

RELIABLE SHEPHERDS

Reg. Collies— Beagles Farms,68 Hastings”' New°dYork

.utpuc R D -COLLI E PUPS, with herding instinct,

make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge, Pheasant,
Huail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS— Details free.
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON, NEW YORK

nilDDICC Irish Terriers. Also Beagles. GATES,

rUrrlfcd Richard Street, Elmira, New York

[

SHEEP

CL A;..» of best quality. Offering for sale
onropsnires yearling rams and ewes; also ram
lambs sired by Iroquois Augustus; also two aged
rams Iroquois Drummond and Iroquois Brilliant.

L | F. CUTHBERT. OGDENSBURG. NEW. YORK

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Kirs ssa rioRoi

Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

For Sale Cheviot Lambs

Consisting of 1 ram; 3 young ramsi 6 months old; 8
ewes. Will sell these at very reasonable price.

Mrs. A. A. Baker, Harris Hill Road, Williamsville, N.Y.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
sear old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

For Sale — Complete flock 32 ewes, 32 lambs. Shrop¬
shire ram registered. Southdown ram registered, price

$500. JOHN EGGER, Freehold, Greene Co., N. Y.

SOUTHDOWN RAMS

L. M. COLBERT’S SONS
East Chatham, New York

CORRIEDALE

Rams.

J. H.

All ages ; farmers’

Whitmore, Mt. Morris,

prices.

N. Y.

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

rize winning Shropshire and Rambouillet rams.

KENNETH MOORE, NICHOLS, NEW YORK

REGISTERED OXFORD RAMS Owego, N. Y.

Shropshire rams 1941 show winners, yearlings. Lambs
1, 3 yr. stud, ewes. Bargains. E. W. Wilcox, Crosby, Pa.

HORSES and PONIES

RIDING HORSES

Twenty head of young high bred stock.
$100.00 to $300.00 each.

FRANK STANLEY, PAINTED POST, NEW YORK

• D1SPERAL SALE •

Ponies; Shetlands and larger ponies. Some half-bred
Morgans. Prices drastically reduced to close out. Broken
ponies, brood mares, young stock.

TORREYA FARM, MILLBROOK, NEW YORK

REG. PERCHER0N ff-Ji fCsearKUts?

AUGUST NEILITZ, R.D. 2, PINE CITY. N. Y.

GUINEA PIGS

WANTFH English Cavies; send description.

WHITILD f. Lucas, 1789 Third Ave., N. Y.

ration containing about 29 per cent
protein feeds they were leaner than
comparable pigs fed a ration contain¬
ing only 9 per cent of such feeds.
The high protein fed pigs also
dressed a higher ratio of lean meat
to bone. A third group fed an inter¬
mediate protein ration was in general
intermediate to the other groups
mentioned.

Sheep

In discussing recent sheep-breed¬
ing investigations with C. G. Potts,
director in charge, he called my
attention to numerous tests of
importance. I was especially im¬
pressed with their studies in the use
of temporary pastures for sheep
which have shown that combining
leguminous crops and cereal grains
is a desirable and effective practice
for increasing the yield and quality
of grazing forage for sheep. Results
showed that mixed seedings of velvet
beans and corn make very satisfac¬
tory and dependable grazing for
sheep during the Fall months. Com¬
bining the two crops (seeding each
at the rate of one peck per acre)
increased the quantity of feed and
prolonged the period of grazing.
Corn served as supports for the
beans. Two fields sown to this mix¬
ture yielded an average of 519.7
sheep-days of feed per acre.

At Beltsville, in cooperation with
specialists of the Department of the
Interior, more critical selection of
Karakul sires and dams has been
made possible by the development
of uniform grading systems for
evaluating the quality of lambskin
furs. In examining the method used
in this system with R. G. Schott, in
charge of Karakul investigations, it
seemed both comprehensive and
practical. Their records show that
on 455 fleeces of unscoured wool
grown on purebred sheep at the farm,
from 1929-1940 inclusive, the aver¬
age for one year’s growth was 6.3
pounds. Karakul wool is lustrous but
coarse; it sells at from one-half to
three-fourths of the price for good-
quality medium and fine wool. The
average raw-pelt value of 128 lamb¬
skins produced at the Beltsville farm,
1936-T940, from their purebred flock
was $4.38 per pelt, based on apprais¬
als by New York City furriers.

During the past several years ap¬
proximately four million Persian
lambskins have been annually im¬
ported into the United States. Our
annual production is less than one
million skins. The majority of the
skins have been imported from
Bokhara (U. S. S. R.), Afghanistan
(Herat), SoLithwest Africa, Bess¬
arabia, Shiraz (Iran), Baghdad and
Salzfelle (Iraq), and India. With
reduction of importations and even
their possible complete discontinuance
due to World War II, it seems prob¬
able American breeders of Karakul
sheep may find a more profitable
future market for desirable lamb¬
skins of good quality and suitable
pattern.

Horses

B. A. I. investigations relative to
use of Phenothiazine has in general
shown it to be a superior and com¬
paratively sate anthlemintic for the
removal of strongyles, the most
common and injurious internal para¬
site of horses. It has proven ineffec¬
tive against bots and ascarids; the
value of this drug against other in¬
ternal parasites of horses has not
yet been definitely determined.

If used it has been found to be
best to dose animals indivichially.
The following formula has been used
experimentaly at Beltsville with good
results: Phenothiazine 50 grams

(about 2 ounces), molasses 100 to
150 cc. (4 to 5 fluid ounces), water
100 cc, (3 to 4 fluid ounces) oats
and bran 2 10 2% quarts. Given in
place of the regular evening feed
the horse usually consumed the
medicated feed during the night.
For horses which will not eat the
mixture it is suggested they receive
no salt for seven days prior to ad¬
ministration. Give daily about one
quart of equal parts oats and bran
to which two fluid ounces of molasses
have been added. On the seventh day
give the medicated feed in the even¬
ing, to which two ounces of salt have
been added.

It is recommended that treatment
of any kind for removing intestinal
parasites should be undertaken only
when a microscopic examination of
the droppings by a veterinarian
shows the animal to be infested with
parasites against which Phenothia¬
zine is known to be effective.

Ay £{//(£

One of the great Hereford steers

OF ALL TIME-RAISED WITHOUT NURSE
COW ON CAIF'MANHA BY COLUMBIAN
RANCH, BLANCA, COLORADO - SOLD TO

RAISED BY HARRY AM) ARNOLD
MOORE, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS
BROUGHT ONE OF THE HIGHEST
PRICES PAID FOR ANY GILT IN
RECENT YEARS*- UNDEFEATED
IN SHOWS .

KANSAS STATS CUSS CHAMPION

Co/Vf/V£PABL£ MOW£Y

—SAYS CARL FRANCISCO, MAMAGtR
WINDMOOtt FARM, EDNA, RAM.

"WEVE USED CALF MANNA
f Oft YEARS. IT SAVES
CONSIDERABLE
MONEY- OUR CALVES
GET NO MILK AFTER.

3 WEEKS- OUR TWO
STATE CHAMPIONS
WE'RE BOTH RAISED
ON CALF MANNA

LEO CARRILLO —

A LITTLE CALF MANNA DOES SO MUCH

A TABLESPOONFUL of Calf Manna added to the
regular feed each day has solved many a problem
for breeders of lambs, pigs, rabbits, mink, etc. For
older animals and larger animals, one to two cupfuls
daily is the maximum required.

Ten thousand farmers and breeders can’t be wrong.
And the ever-growing list of Calf Manna feeders
from every state in the Union Whose enthusiastic
letters pour in daily tell of money saved, digestive
troubles stopped. They tell of increased size, restored
health, improved type, and enhanced productivity.

America’s most successful breeders feed Call
Manna. Read what they say. See the pictures they
send in. Send for free book, ”How Successful Live*
stock Breeders Feed Calf Manna.” Your Free Copy
Is Waiting. Write Vs Today. Address Albers Milling
Company, Dept. KN-S, Stuart Bldg., Seattle, Wash.,
or Calf Manna, Dept. BN>1, Oconomowoc, Wis.

GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS. SMITHVILLE FLATS. N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. Prom 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two week3 to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, DELHI, NEW YORK

SHORTHORNS

TREMENDOUS NEW OPPORTUNITY

for Milking Shorthorn raisers due to defense pro¬
gram. U. S. and Great Britain urgently need all milk
and meat this country can produce. Greatest oppor¬
tunity with Milking Shorthorns. Hold official world’s
records for milk and butterfat production. Greatest
salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50e, one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY,
Dept. F-3, CHICAGO. ILLINOIS.

| .*. AYRSHIRES

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeder* near you
With »tock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASVN.
96 Center Street, Brandon, Vermont

| .% ABERDEEN-ANGUS |

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeeu-Angu* beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen - Angus Breeders' Aaaociation. Col¬
lege Park, Md., or Eaatera Aberdeen- Angus Breeder**
Association, Ithaca, New York.

| HEREFORDS

FOR

faETTER ..OLCOMB’S 1 Bulls. Cows

KrEEDING IIeALTHY (. and Heifers

UCY rf A KI> Y f For Sale

Mereforiis 1

John E. Redman, Owner; Robert J. Generaux Mgr.
HOLCOMB. NEW YORK

JERSEYS

FOR Q A! F Smalt foundation herd of registered
rV/IV uftLIi Jerseys from unexcelled production
blood lines. Also few bred heifers. Priced reasonably.

LANE’S END FARM, Downingtown, Pennsylvania

RED POLLED CATTLE

P /"k D C A | p Young registered Bed Polled
A V/ rv J L. I!. Bull. Dual purpose type.

HOWARD D. MOSHER, R.F.D. I, Seneca Falls. N. Y.

SWINE

CHESTER WHITES

With the blood of grand champions, champions and
junior champions streaming down both sides. Now is
the time to buy young stock and improve your herd.
Two and three months pigs, both sexes, from large
litters, sired by Rainbow Dad $15.00 and up.
EUGENE K. DENTON, Farm: Flanders, New Jersey
Office: One West 57th St., New York

•YORKSHIRES*

The World’s Best Bacon Hog.

Write for Booklet and Price*.

W. E. REASONER & SONS,

R. F. D. 4, - Watertown, New York

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites. Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
I Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will ship any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

RUGGED PIGS

Chester Whites, Chester,

Chester, Duroc crosses. Six to eight weeks $4.50; eight
to ten weeks $5.00. All good feeders. Ship C.O.D.

CARL ANDERSON, Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

Clean Vaccinated Pigs £e?ks $d tl.oo

to $7.00 each. Selected boars all ages and prices.

CHARLES E. GILES. BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

REG. CHESTER WHITES Styat »

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS. Kelton. Chester Co.. Penna.

FOR C A I F Beautiful purebred Duroc
Li J., jersey Red boars, all ages.

HORATIO BUTTERS, FARMINGTON, N. H.

RFG nilROrS £aI1 GIlts and Spring Pigs. Russell F.
IVEiU. UUIwLu Pattington, Scioio Center, New York

FERRETS

Rid Your Place Of Rats With Ferrets $3 Each

Ship C.O.D. E. L. HARTMAN, NEW LONDON, OHIO

j .% GOATS |

T nirn0nKar« Milk does; bred; sold on approval.

loggenDerg POny farm, himrod, n. y,

FOR SALE— Dairy Goats. Toggenburg, Saanen, Al¬
pine. Y. G. WEISSINGER, Route 59, Nanuet, N. Y.

i NP N Sell nice grade Does reasonable

JR HE. 11 FARMHQLM, NEW PALTZ. N. Y.

RRFl) fiflATS SAANENS $25.00. TWIN PINE
DilCV Uvn 1 0 GOAT FARM, WANTAGH. N. Y.

562

Tht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

It’s easy to own the

PERMUTIT

HOME WATER CONDITIONER

Glorious suds from Permutit Softened
Water mean thrilling new luxury in
bathing — softer skin, more lustrous
hair. Makes housework easier, too —
amazingly whiter, softer washes with
less work, sparkling dishes, quicker
cooking.

Big savings. Permutit cuts soap costs
in half, reduces plumbing repairs and
fuel costs sharply — actually pays for
itself in. a short time. Easy payments.

FREE WATER ANALYSIS

How hard is yourpresent
water supply? To find
out, use coupon for free
carton . . . then mail us
sample. No obligation.

SU'D COUPON
FON DETAILS

THE PERMUTIT CO.,
Dept.RN2,330W.42dSt.,NewYork,N.Y.

1 1 Please send me free Permutit booklet.

| — j Also have dealer supply /ree mailing

carton for water sample.

Name _
Address _
City -

County _

State _

* Trademark Reg< U. S. Pat. Off.

This Home-Mixed
Cough Relief is
Truly Surprising

So Easy. No Cooking. Big Saving.

You may not know it, but, in your
own kitchen, and in just a moment, you
can easily prepare a really surprising
relief for coughs due to colds. It’s old-
fashioned — your mother probably used
it — but for real results, it can’t be beaten.

First, make a syrup by stirring 2 cups
granulated sugar and one cup of water
a few moments, until dissolved. No
cooking needed. It’s no trouble at all.

Then get 2% ounces of Pinex from
any druggist. This is a special com¬
pound of proven ingredients, in concen¬
trated form, well known for prompt ac¬
tion in throat and bronchial irritations.

Put the Pinex into a pint bottle, and
add your syrup. Thus you make a full
pint of really splendid cough syrup, and
you get about four times as much for
your money. It never spoils, and children
love its pleasant taste.

And for quick relief, it’s a wonder.
It loosens the phlegm, soothes the irri¬
tated membranes, eases the soreness,
makes breathing easy, and lets you get
restful sleep. Just try it, and if not
pleased, your money Avill be refunded.

SAVINGS
EARN MORE

Interest compounded semi-an¬
nually. Send post card NOW for
FREE booklet on safe, profitable/
Banking by Mail plan.

CITY & COUNTY SAVINGS BANK llS1
DEPT. B ALBANY, N. Y. ™

\w 1 |x Rug & Knitting. Free Samples; directions.
Y U K |V\Burlap patterns for Rug Yarns. Lowest

JL IaIVU ^prices. Bartlett Tarn Mills* Box 7, Harmony, ME.

Tte FARMERS
SHOP BOOK

By Louis M. Roehl

0 A revised guide to
teach farm hoys to
do ordinary construc¬
tion and repair work,
and to help farmers
maintain up to date
tools and equipment.

# This hook contains
illustrations and chap¬
ters on grinding and
fitting farm carpentry
and woodwork tools.
Painting, repairing and
refinishing furniture,
soldering, etc.

9 A 4*2 page cloth
hound hook.

Price

$2.48

6c Sales Tax for New York City Residents.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W 30th Street - New York City

Rosemary Makes a Cake

Red gold curls a-dust with flour, Blue eyes scan an old cook book
Sugar crunching on the floor. Many times as old as she —

Eggs and butter — spice and fruit Old pans and cups and baking tools
Brought out trom the pantry’s store. To test the cook’s dexterity.

Tragic mishaps -caught in time —

No chance of failure can we take.

Such excitement, and such fun
When our Rosemary makes a cake.

Olive Reese Chase

This and That

Special Weeks. — Apple and honey
weeks almost coincide this year and
both these good, healthful farm pro¬
ducts deserve a frequent place on
the family table.

Prices. — It is going to be rather
an unpleasant surprise to those
homemakers who have been happily
living “off the garden” this Summer
to find that prices on many foods
have gone up since Spring. Of
course, if you were among the wise
ones who put extra jars on the
swinging shelf or in the canned
goods closet, the increase doesn’t
bother much hut pity the city house¬
wife who is straining the budget to
meet these added cents, with no
home canning to depend on.

Coat Hangers for Defense.— Those
light wire coat hangers that the
cleaners use are being called in for
defense. At least they are being
called back by the cleaners for re¬
peated use because of the demand
for metal for more important things.

Lisle stockings are going to be
“high style” this Winter — not the
kind that we wore before we de¬
manded millions of pairs of silk
stockings but very smart ones de¬
signed to go with our best clothes.
We shall probably feel much more
comfortable wearing them too, both
physically and with an easier con¬
science. c. b. v/.

National Apple Week
October 24-31

Blush Apple Pie. — With cheese
crust, 2 cups flour, % cup grated
American cheese, 5 to 6 tablespoons
ice water, Vz teaspoon salt, Vz cup
shortening.

Sift together flour and salt, stir in
cheese. Cut in shortening until
crumbly in appearance. Gradually
add water, mixing until dough holds
together. Roll on floured surface and
line deep pie pan with half of pastry.

One-half cup sugar, Vs teaspoon
salt, 1 tablespoon quick cooking
tapioca, % cup red cinnamon drops,
5 large sliced apples, 3 slices of cubed
pineapple, 1 teaspoon grated lemon
rind and 2 tablespoons of butter.

Mix sugar, salt and tapioca and
add with pineapple, cinnamon drops
and lemon rind to the apples. Turn
into pastry lined pie tin, dot with
butter and cover with top crust. Bake
in hot oven of 425 degrees Fahren¬
heit for 10 minutes, reduce to 300
degrees and bake 35 to 45 minutes
longer.

Fruit Drop Biscuits. — Two cups
sifted flour, 2 Vz teaspoons baking
powder, 2 tablespoons sugar, Vz tea¬
spoon salt, 4 tablespoons shortening,
% cup milk, 1 cup chopped pared
apple, 1 Vz teaspoons grated orange
rind, Vz cup finely chopped raisins.

Sift flour once, measure, add bak¬
ing powder, sugar and salt, and sift
again. Cut in shortening. Add milk
all at once and stir carefully until
all flour is dampened. Add remain¬
ing ingredients and stir vigorously
until mixture forms a soft, dough.
Drop on ungreased baking sheet.
Bake in hot oven 450 degrees Fahren¬
heit 12 minutes.

Hoosier Apple Pie. — One cup thin
cream, 6 apples thinly sliced, Vs cup
sugar, Vz teaspoon salt, Vz teaspoon
cinnamon, 1 tablespoon quick cook¬
ing tapioca.

Use your usual pastry recipe, and
make a 9-inch pie shell. Combine
apples with mixture of sugar, salt,
cinnamon and tapioca. Fill unbaked
pie shell with apple mixture, arrang¬
ing top slices in circles, pour cream
over apples. Bake in hot oven 425
degrees Fahrenheit 40 to 50 minutes.

MRS. l. s.

Let Them Go to Seed

One sign of a thrifty gardener is
to keep one’s plants free of seed
pods. Plants will be a sturdier and
they will bloom longer. But there
are some we like to leave the seed
pods on, knowing that next year we
shall be repaid. One of these is
Portulacca whose jewel-like blossoms
give a precious air to any garden.
Another one is Baby’s Breath, deli¬
cate and sweet among the sturdier
Zinnias and Marigolds, and a third
is Chinese Forget-me-not, whose
almost startling, star-like blue ac¬
centuates the yellows and the reds
behind it. All these (and doubtless
others too — but these are our favor¬
ites) will seed themselves, and early
in the Spring their descendents will
appear. Transplanted and nourished
with care, they will bloom before
the rest of the garden that you have
planted, and give a special delight — •
not only since they are early, but
because they have reproduced them¬
selves. E. v. D.

Handier afters - Gardeners

“My hobbies are postage stamp
collecting and fancy work. I do loom
arid crochet bead work, tatting,
crocheting and embroidery.”

New York miss r. e. a.

“I would like to hear from some¬
one who has an over-supply of
peonies or perennial phlox. Can ex¬
change hardy chrysanthemums.”

Pennsylvania mrs. r. p. b.

“Would exchange postcards with
New York and Vermont readers of
The R. N.-Y.” mrs. m. j.

Massachusetts

“Am a young married woman and
my hobbies are collecting postcards,
small dogs, matchbooks and paper
napkins.” mrs. l. n.

New Jersey

A Picture Book for Home¬
makers

Did you quit picture books when
you quit kindergarten? If you did,
I hope my suggestion will cause you
to become enthusiastic again. I have
kept one — which has grown and
grown — since I was a girl in my
teens. A dealer’s wallpaper sample
book served as the nucleus for mine.
All through the years I have saved
attractive pictures of furniture ar¬
rangements, picture groupings, color
schemes, and room decorations, to
paste in my suggestion book.

I have found them in magazine
advertisements and advertising book¬
lets. When some problem of home
decoration confronts me, I turn to
my picture book. If I want some¬
thing different in window treatments,
I find a pictured window with cur¬
tains that just suit me. Then I copy
them. If I nave a number of small
pictures to hang, and want them
grouped tastefully, I look up a simi¬
lar group in my book.

My book is amusing and educa¬
tional as well as helpful. The first
pictures were pasted in more than
25 years ago. It is a lesson in the
evolution of home decorating to look
at those earlier pictures, and note
how uninteresting and conservative
are the recommended room treat¬
ments, and then to take a look at
the free-and-easy styles of 12 years
ago, and finally the modern trends.

My friends have frequently said
of my home, “It looks just like a
picture in a magazine.” That achieve-
men, here in the heart of the Idaho
woods, has been the result of my
homemaker’s picture book. I have
been careful to keep my furnishings
and arrangements in harmony with
our simple mountain home. n. p. d.

MYERS

Oral;

PUMPS AND WATER SYSTEMS
FOR DEEP AND SHALLOW WELLS

Myers dealers are experienced in all
Water Supply problems. If your well,
pump or water system (regardless of
make) needs attention, you can de¬
pend on your Myers dealer for Myers
repair parts and Myers precision-built
equipment for reli¬
able, economical
service. Name of
nearest Myers deal¬
er and catalog on
request.

THE F. E. MYERS &
BRO. CO.. 841 Church
St.. Ashland, Ohio.

DEFENSE

TIP

Save mate¬
rial thru bet¬
ter care of
farm equip¬
ment.

17WS-1

The American Fashion Front, with all its
originality and color, is covered by our
1941-42 pattern book. Order your copy
today, and plan the most attractive Fall
and Winter wardrobe you’ve ever owned!
You’ll start off . by reading the expert ad¬
vice on planning a new wardrobe. Then
you’ll use the Free Gloves and Belt Pattern
thafs all ready to cut' out! Next, if you’re
an average young American woman, you’ll
make up a few of the military-trim tailoreds.
And if you’re a college girl, you’ll be in¬
terested in our gay on-and-off campus
clothes. Budgeteer frocks that really slim
and practical styles for “small fry” — gift-
list ideas — an accessory scrapbook — and war
relief sewing complete this wonderful book
of easy-to-make fashion! Price of the book
is 15 cent's; a book and a pattern together,
25 cents.

Vht RURAL NEW-YORKER

563

Fruit and Vegetable Juices

In these days when we are vita¬
min conscious we have only to go
to our grocers and stock up on the
many canned vegetables and fruit
juices. Celery and carrot juice both
a source of Vitamin A and B1 can
be purchased in cans.

Equal parts 'of juice with a little
salt added, and chilled, or hot as one
prefers will make a delicious drink.
Tomato juice, the old standby, rich
in Vitamin C, can always be used
in a score of ways, and a mixture
of vegetable juices can now be
found in most markets. Any of the
vegetable juices are especially a-
dapted for those who cannot take
care of the bulk of whole vegetables.
Some may not care for the taste of
carrot juice alone but a combination
of carrot and grapefruit juice will
surprise you.

Then for fruit juices we have
pineapple, lemon, orange, prune and
apricot and as I mentioned pre¬
viously grapefruit juice, all in cans,
and grape juice in bottles.

A combination of grape and grape¬
fruit juice equal parts is refreshing
at any time also pineapple and
lemon, and a dash of gingerale makes
it still more delicious.

Some of us have left over juices
from canning, such as strawberry,
raspberry, cherry and blackberry;
all these are delicious for punch and
other drinks. Try this grape punch:

One pint grape juice, juice of two
lemons, juice of one orange, and one
cup sugar. Heat water and sugar
until all sugar is dissolved. Add to
fruit juices and chill.

We can enjoy these fruit and vege¬
table juices all the ’year around.

a. w.

I wonder if any of the R. N.-Y.
readers would have the old fourth
and fifth Franklin readers which I
would like to get. mrs. c. w.

Ideas to Sew Yourself

9664 — Easy to slip on and easy to iron, this
front-buttoned frock with pretty scallops
and bias waist section. Sizes 34 to 48. Size
36 requires 3% yards 35 inch fabric.

9758 — The smartest shirtwaister of the season
has a deep yoke, set-in belt, and slimming
skirt panels. Size 14 to 20 and 32 to 42.
Size 16 requires 3 'A yards 39 inch fabric.
4763 — Specially designed for the larger
figure, this straight-cut slip has shoulder
straps cut in one with the bodice. Sizes 34
to 48. Size 36 requires 2% yards 39 inch
fabric.

Price of patterns 15 cents (in coins) each.
Residents of New York City add one cent
for New York City Sales Tax. Send all
orrers to The Rural New-Yorker, 333 West
30th St., New York City.

Honey Week — Oct. 27-Nov. 2

Ham Slices With Cranberries. —
Two slices of ham, at least one inch
thick, 3 cups cranberries, iy2 cups
honey and some whole cloves. Gash
the edges of the ham. Combine
cranberries and honey. Spread the
center of one slice with half of the
cranberry mixture. Top with other
slice of ham. Add • remaining cran¬
berry mixture and garnish with
whole cloves. Bake, uncovered, in
a moderate oven for iy2 hours,
basting with the liquid occasionally.

Honey Apple Pie. — Line a pie
plate with your favorite pastry. Then
rub together y2 cup flour, *4 cup
butter and 2 tablespoons brown sugar
until coarse crumbs are formed.
Sprinkle half of this mixture over
the pastry. On it heap tart apples,
pared, cored and sliced very thin.
Heat % cup sweet cider scalding
hot and blend thoroughly with 1 cup
honey. Pour over apples. Sprinkle
lightly with cinnamon or mace and
add remaining crumbs. Bake in hot
oven, 450 degrees Fahrenheit, for 10
minutes, reduce heat to 350 degrees
and bake 30 minutes longer.

Honey Coffee Cake. — Two table¬
spoons shortening, 1 cup honey, 2x/2
cups flour, 1 teaspoon soda, 1 tea¬
spoon cinnamon, y2 teaspoon salt, 1
cup strong cold coffee and 1 cup
raisins. Melt shortening, add honey.
Sift flour, measure and reserve 2
tablespoons for dredging the raisins.
Sift with soda, spices and salt. Com¬
bine mixtures, add coffee and floured
raisins and beat until smooth. Pour
into well-oiled shallow pan. Bake in
moderate oven, for 35 minutes.

Apricot Squares. — One cup dried
apricots, 3 egg yolks, y2 cup brown
sugar, y2 cup honey, 1 cup flour, %
teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon baking
powder and 3 egg whites. Soak
apricots 3 hours. Drain and run
through food chopper. Beat egg
yolks, add sugar, then honey gradu¬
ally, beating constantly. Sift flour,
measure and sift with salt and
baking powder. Add to egg yolks
mixture. Add apricots, and y2 cup
nutmeats, if desired. Fold in stiffly
beaten egg whites. Pour into well-
oiled pan 9x12 inches. Bake in
moderate oven, 350 degrees Fahren¬
heit, about 35 minutes. Cut into
squares or bars.

Filled Honey Gingerbread. — Two
eggs, % cup brown sugar, % cup
honey, % cup melted butter 2y2 cups
sifted flour, 2 teaspoons baking
powder, 2 teaspoon ginger, iy2 tea¬
spoons cinnamon,, y2 teaspoon nut¬
meg, y2 teaspoon cloves, y> teaspoon
soda, y2 teaspoon salt and 1 cup
boiling water. Add beaten eggs to
sugar, honey and melted shortening.
Add dry ingredients which have
been sifted together. Add hot water
and beat until smooth. Pour in well-
oiled shallow pans. Bake in a
moderate oven, 350 degrees Fahern-
heit, 30 to 40 minutes. While still
warm break apart in layers and fill
with —

Date Filling. — Cook 1 y2 cups
chopped dates, x/4 cup honey and y2
cup water together until thick. Cool.
Add 1 teablespoon lemon juice.
Spread between layers and spread
with —

Honey Peanut Butter Icing. —
Blend 2 tablespoons butter, 1 table¬
spoon honey, y4 cup peanut butter
and y4 teaspoon salt. Sift in 3x/2 cups
of confectioners sugar and enough
milk to give a creamy, smooth icing.
Ice top and sides, then decorate top
with pitted dates. mrs. b. n.

New Kitchen by Re-
Arrangement

My kitchen was one of those old
fashioned large affairs with the
range naturally placed midway
parallel the longest wall.

At last after surveying many
pictures of convenient kitchens it
dawned on me by placing my stove
with the end toward the wall and
pulling a large cupboard out of a
corner and putting it back to back
with the stove, I would release a
corner of nice size for the dining
room table, and put stove, sink, and
worktable in a small rectangle with
my table only four steps from the
stove and near a window and door
thus leaving the far side of the
kitchen free for living space in Sum¬
mer and washing in Winter. n. e. l.

Handy Can Opener Big Electric Lantern Colorful Towel Set

Coffee Maker and
2-Heat Electric Stove

Ball Bearing
Egg Beater

You have a wide choice

choice (jittS when t|ou save

Tillsburq Thrift Stars

• Get the extra dividend which comes with every bag of Pillsbury’s
Best (and with other Pillsbury products)— the thrift stars which bring
you your choice of many wonderful premiums. Some are pictured
here. The recipe folder in every bag shows and describes many others.
Start saving now, with the 4-Star Self-Starter Coupon below.

Use Enriched
Pillsbury’s Best—

BAKE-PROVED
to protect your baking!

'fes4&

Xriop

■SiS.mY-ww

XS 3W «■ “sSSs

ial) and 1 tsp. so • ckange its appear-

?illsbury’s Best does n t qualities, but

:e, flavor, or superb baking

3S two importan jn 34 c. lord

nily needs every day •) 2. G ^ o

S ffJE’ A* ISddouTbho'i

“T ‘UChif 1 ’ofou’U* like this fieSd dd£
S pasm-; *».

iOUs!) 4. Roll out 1 crust Trim edge,

aicb. Place m 1 I^ur dou?h rolls, how soft

iavet?^A uS pSury’s Best!) 5. (Fill-

PIE the Pillsbury way!

Fill pie; dot with 3 TkP, ^ ,in. strips; put

rest of Pastry;... flute edge, fastening strips
crisscross on pie, moment, doubt

securely. oven, slide in your

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564

fft* RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

Drawn by Alice Duncan, Massachusetts

MEMORY VERSE

FROST GRAPES

“Come,” he said
“The grapes are ripe,”

And we stole forth,

Into the night.

The air was crisp.

And all was still,

The white moon snow.

Wrapped the drowsy hill.

, We plucked and ate

The cool frost grapes.

And shivered a bit —

The hour was late.

The air was crisp,

And all was still,

And we were alone,

On the moon snow hill.

By Edith L. Nichols
Taken from “A Bookfellow Anthology 1931.”

Drawn by Alice Duncan, Massachusetts

Dear Friends. — I am a new reader of
“Our Page” and I notice that we not only
have grand artists but poets too! Confi¬
dentially I’m not good at either but I am
a sort of person who is happy with her
fountain pen, typewriter and violin. Some
tell me that I am lucky, but they don’t
realize that I know it.

We don’t live on a farm, but my father
is a farm supervisor, so doesn’t that let
me into your friendly circle?

One usually finds me happiest when I
am reading a letter I just received or in
answering it. My age is 16 and I am a
sophomore in September. Please let me
add your name to my list. I’m a Mariner
and a member of our Drum and Bugle
Corp. — Mary Onsreed, New York.

Dear “Our Page.” — It was the greatest
thrill ever, seeing my work in print. It
made me feel like declaring a holiday in
its honor and jumping into the sky.

This Summer many of the family rela¬
tives decided to visit us. It seems that when
their vacation comes they bring out their
maps and find where the most interesting
and least seen uncle, cousin or neice or
brother lives. Then the list is probably
narrowed down to the least number possi¬
ble such as 29. After playing eenie-meenie-
minie-mo five times the victim is picked out.
Naturally nobody thinks of the host as a
victim and usually the host travels back
with the visitor to even things up. Seriously,
we do enjoy seeing some of our unknown
or forgotten relatives and they probably
would do the same for us. — Jean Dillon,
New Jersey.

Dear Boys and Girls. — I feel slightly
guilty since I wrote to you over a year
ago and received correspondents as a result
of that. However my intentions have al¬
ways been honorable. I still have the same
opinion of “Our Page” that I have always
had. I think it’s wonderful!— Pauline Glass.
New York.

Hello, Boys and Girls. — I have read
“Our Page” for some time but for some
reason I have never contributed to it. Am
16 and will be a Junior in high school this
Fall. I belong to the Glee Club and the
High School Band in which I play trom¬
bone. I like horses as well as music and
have eight at home, four of them being
colts. , .

When I finish school I plan to be a
stenographer. I love outdoor sports such as
fishing, skating and softball. I am. pitcher
of one of the softball teams at school.'

Most of all I want to make friends with
you “Our Pagers,” so won’t you all write
to me? — Eloise Brockway, New York.

Dear Friends. — I am sorry that I did not
have time to write you about my graduation
in June. We had a wonderful time.

Our class took a trip to Montreal which
will long be remembered for already it is
a happy memory. My blue organdy even¬
ing dress hangs in the closet reminiscent of
the Prom; our diplomas recall that solemn
and impressive night and the class photos
on the piano keep bright the faces which
will probably never be together again. I
feel old already (sometimes!) — Miriam
Boyce, Vermont.

LETTERS WANTED

Letters to persons whose names appear
under this heading should be sent to Violet
and Elsie Unger, 333 West 30th St., New
York, N. Y., with the name and state for
whom the letter is intended on the outside
of the envelope. Addresses will be com¬
pleted and the letters forwarded. Unstamped
letters will not be mailed.

Jean Pinkham (13), N. H.; Helen Brock¬
way (10), N. Y.; June Douglas, Mass.;

Herminie Gessinger, N. Y.; Gloria Manthey

(12) , Conn.; Betty Barnes (16), N. J.;

Catherine Conrad (16), N. Y.; Mary Nelson,
N. Y.; Martha Young, N. Y.; David Smith

(13) , N. J.; Dorothy Greenwood (15), N. J.;

Mildred MacLean (15), N. J.; Mary Onsered
(16), N. Y.; Nadine Palmer (13), N. J.;

Thirza Strong (12), N. Y.; Ethel Wheeler,
Conn.; Doris Barringer, N. Y.; Mary
Drawbridge (11), Mass.; Madeline Clipper
(12), N. Y.; Betty Baisley (11), N. Y.;

Daniel Wood (15), Conn.; Eloise Brockway,
N. Y.; Stanley Wilson (10), N. Y.

Drawn by Sally Rhodes, New York

July 6. — We had a picnic near an old
cemetery near here. Lovely Sweet Williams,
which someone had carefully set there
years ago made a lovely garden. We read
epitaphs and filled up on homemade ice
cream.

July 16. — I picked big wild raspberries
up in our neighbors pasture, getting
enough to can three quarts of red ones
and make a black raspberry shortcake.
We also canned peas and I made cream
cookies.

July 17. — It rained today so I got out
some of my old diaries. I began keeping
one when I was six and some of them are
so funny I laughed ’till I cried. What
spelling! I canned a chicken and made

salad dressing for our insatiable family.

July 20. — Tonight there was a community
meeting around a bonfire near home. The
hermit thrushes (our state birds) sang
sweetly at first, and sparks shot upward
like Roman candles. It was very peaceful
there until the weenie roast, when we
had a good time all talking together.

July 27. — More of a red-letter day than
when I made my first doughnuts! I left
home tonight for my first job ! Of course
this is only until school begins but it’s
right in our capitol city near where I shall
go to college. Am I excited! This is quite
a change from the farm life of getting
cows, picking peas, weeding gardens and
canning, but I’m still — “Country Cousin.”

4-H FORUM

Dear “Our Page.” — I have been going to
write for quite some time and tell you
about my 4-H Club. I am 14 and have
been a member for four years.

Our club is called the Merry Maidens
4-H Club and we have nine members. At
the present time I am club reporter.

We are taking up three units this year:
cooking, canning and sewing. Last year
we received the cup for our canning and
we are trying to do it again this year.

My home is a small farm about three
miles from the city. We have about 300
chickens, five goats, a cow and a calf. A
little white kid is my pet. I would like
to hear from all of you. — Ethel Wheeler,
Connecticut.

Dear Readers. — Our family has taken
“The Rural New-Yorker” for over 10 years
but I have just started reading “Our
Page.” I enjoy it very much and think it
is the best boys and girls page I have
ever read.

Pen and Ink — By Alice Duncan, Massachusetts

Jack and Jill — By Jean Dillon, New Jersey

Bobby — By Wilma Simser,

New Jersey

You’re In The Army Now — By Natalie

Atchinson, New York

Trotter and Pacer — By Nancy Wood, Conn.

Coke — By Mary Pease, New York

I am 11 years old and live on a 215 acre
dairy farm. I have been a member of
our local 4-H Club for two years. I would
like to have someone about my age write
to me. — Betty Baisley, New York.

Dear Friends. — I wish to tell you what
enjoyment I nave received from reading
“Our Page.” I have read it ever since I
can remember and enjoy the poems, pictures
and articles.

Am 13 and a sophmore in high school
and taking an academic course. Latin is
one of my favorite subjects.

Before I started high school I had been
a 4-H member for four years. I enjoy sew¬
ing, cooking, books and all outdoor sports.
My home is two miles from school and I
go to all the games that I can.

I wish that some of you would write
to me. — Nadina Palmer. New Jersey.

Drawn by Frieda Sandt, Pennsylvania
GENTLE EVENING

The cloak of eve passes over the Earth,
And stars brightly light the sky.

Warmth and peace come from the hearth.
As evening hovers nigh.

Rest and quiet envelops all
Hustle and bustle cease,

For the Earth is answering night’s weird call.
For darkness and slumber and peace.

By Beverly Myers, Mass.

SINGING DAISIES
If the daisies all could sing
And let their many voices ring
They would sound a silvery strain
Like the falling of the rain.

It would be nice for us to hear
And make us all feel very near
To the Heavenly Father up above
To goodness, unity and love.

By Martha Young, New York

AFTERMATH
The rain is done

And through the clouds the watery sun
Peeps o’er the rim of the world.

The earth is fresh.

Released from dryness’ weary spell.

It rests, it’s thirst is
Quenched.

By Pauline Glass, New York

MY MONKEY
I have a little monkey
And he is really cute.

With his funny tail and hairy ears
He really is a beaut.

He likes to climb up all the trees
And do a lot of stunts.

Hangs by his tail, falls on his nose
And all he does is grunt.

This monkey’s name I have not told
For it would make you laugh
But if you want to find it out —
Ask for his autograph.

By Martha Young, New York

CHILDS PRAYER

Oh God! let me do my duty as a child.
Let me live and work my best.

Make me fearless and brave, unafraid of
night,

Ready to face any test.

Make me strong and swift, like the eagle
in flight,

Make me meek and loving too.

Teach me to be faithful and love mankind
God, make me like Mother, do!

By Ruth Podgwaite, Connecticut

Drawn by Mary Pease, New York

September. That means Summer is draw¬
ing to a close. The frosts will come, the
leaves turn and the roadsides will be
banked with wild asters and bittersweet.

I think that we all enjoy the seasons as
they come as there is something about
each one that we all love.

It was good to hear from Miriam Boyce
again and we are glad to hear that she
is starting college. But I’ll bet she will miss
the cows and chickens at first.

We are grateful for the nice things said
about “Our Page” in your letters. Also we
appreciate comments in the other direction
too, as it gives us a chance to make the
“Page” even better. There is one thing to
remember and that is to always include
your age when you write to us for the first
time and the limit of course is 20 years.

I imagine our 4-H members must be
busy these days going to the fairs. We
hope to hear next month how many blue
ribbons were won. Fairs are exciting, es¬
pecially the stock shows. The horses are
always groomed to the last hair. They
know that they are beautiful and conduct
themselves with dignity in the ring. That
is, it seems, until the ribbons have been
awarded. Then they act like children just
let out of school and usually go dancing
out of the ring. Then there are always the
magnificient bulls and the sleek cows. The
poultry building is fun too. There is al¬
ways much cackling, crowing and quacking
and it seems so quiet after you get out.

We were hoping to be able to give you
some news of the last reunion but as yet
we have not heard, so we shall have to
leave it until next time.

Send all contributions to Violet and Elsie
Unger, 333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.,
before the fourth of the month if. intended
for that month. Letters received later than
this date will have to be held over until
the next issue but we are always glad to
hear from you at any time.

•Ph RURAL NEW-YORKER

565

Tales From the Tanbark

Part II

Horses

The horse department presented
an exceptionally high quality show.
Supt. “Steve” Pendergast, ably
assisted by Ira Baldwin, John Stack
and Stanley Murphy, had their hands
full keeping the well filled classes
flowing smoothly from barn to arena.
The show was well organized and
well handled. Judge Harry L.
Garrigus pinned the ribbons with
careful consideration and good judg¬
ment.

Secretary Wayne Dinsmore, Horse
and Mule Association of America,
had personal charge of the National
Horse Pulling Contest. It was a great
event. For teams under 3,000 pounds
the pair of grade Belgians owned
by F. H. Anderson, Ellington, Chau¬
tauqua County, won first with a
pull on the dynamometer equivalent
to 18% tons on a farm wagon for a
distance of 22 ft 10 in., from a field of
24 entries. Second place was won by
the grade Percheron team of Mosher
& Hartnett, Moravia. For teams over
3,000 pounds first honors went to
George Nick, Erie, Pa., with an
equivalent pull of 22% ton wagon.
The new National Champions
weighed 4,170 pounds. Second place
was won by the team of David
Chambers, Unadilla.

Credilly Farm, J. K. Robinson,
West Chester, Pa., won Senior and
Grand Championship on their great
Percheron stallion, Koncarcalyps II.
Their 13 entries won a total of 30
ribbon awards. A son of this years
G. C. also won the Purple at the
1941 Ohio State Fair. Throughout
all the breeds this continuity of de¬
sirable blood carries on and demon¬
strates that American breeders have
established families which annually
prove by performance and on tan
bark their purity for transmitting
desirable form and function. Fuerst
was first in the four year olds.
Ernest C. Bell, Mt. Ephraim, N. J.,
topped the three year old Percheron
stallions with Captain Lagos.
Cornell’s two year old, Omar, took
the Junior Purple. Victoria Degas
was not to be denied and went
through 'for the top mare champion¬
ships for Fuerst Stock Farm. Bell’s,
Crebilly’s Kate, a beautiful three
year old was Senior Reserve Per¬
cheron mare.

The Belgian battles were close and
hard fought, it was nip and tuck
all the way through. Eugene P.
Forrestel, Medina, was awarded
Senior and Grand Champion stallion
honors on his four year old Victor
de Rosco. Hagan Farms, John Hagan,
Spackenkill Road, Poughkeepsie,
placed Reserve Senior and Reserve
Grand Champion with Valseur de
Labliau. Junior Champion stallion
went to The Noble Farm, E. A.
Noble, Seneca Castle, on Nobles
Roscoe. The flagan Farms entry won
Reserve Junior Champion. The
Belgian mares carried exceptionally
good action throughout. Senior and
Grand Champion was won by the
four year old, Flora Rose Ardent,
owned by O’Dowd’s Dairy Farm,
Edward O’Dowd, Pine Brook, N. J.
Reserve Senior and Reserve Grand
Champion went to the beautiful
smooth moving mare, Diana Apollon,
owned by Rockhills Farm, Inc., Lou
W. Harvey, manager, Dundee.
Cornell's Rosette won Junior Cham- ,
pionship. Hagan Farms won Re¬
serve Junior on their sweet two
year old, Linda Lou of Oliver’s
Grove. Hagan was first on three
year old mares with Resque’s
Patricia.

In the Suffolk Punch classes com¬
petition was close and good entries
were shown throughout. The follow-
breeders competed, Donegal Farm,
Frank Conner, Phelps; Sabarama
Farm, Oscar J. Brown, Baldwins-
ville; Mulhocaway Farm, and L. B.
Westcott, Clinton, N. J.

In the New York State classes
shown to halter George Dennis,
Newark, was first for mare with foal
at foot. S. W and L. J. Pendergast,
Phoenix, topped the four year old
mares. Baker Bros., Cortland, won
the four year gelding class. Maple
Lawn Farm, H. S. Lake & Son
(Sherman), Lyons, won first and
second in the yearling mare or geld¬
ing class, they also showed well in
the foals of 1941, this class was won
by the entry of George Dennis.

Sheep and Swine

Supt. E. R. Sweetland and son Ed.
as usual had everything running
smoothly and operating in best order.
Placings for tops in the various
breeds were: Shropshires. • — -Cham¬
pion Ram, Dutch Hill Farm, G. C.
Sprague, Danby Four Corners, Vt.
Champion Ewe, L. F. Cuthbert,
Ogdensburg. Hampshires. — Cham¬
pion Ram, James McGuire, Oakfield.
Champion Ewe, David E. McDowell,
Mercer, Pa. Oxford. — Champion
Ram and Ewe, Van Vleet Bros.,
Lodi. Dorset. — Champion Ram,
Cornell; Champion Ewe, Rockhills
Farm, Inc. Southdown. — Champion
Ram, Talmadge Woodward, LeRoy;
Champion Ewe, Wm. Duncan, Wads¬
worth, Ill. Cheviot. — Champion Ram,
S. DeWitt Stewart, Bath; Champion
Ewe, R. C. Gregory, Mt. Vision.
Corriedale. — Champion Ram,
Anchorage Farms, Warnerville;
Champion Ewe, John N. Knight,
Interlaken. B-Mermo. — Champion
Ram, Waldo Barron, Slippery Rock,
Pa.; Champion Ewe, Clarke Wellman,
Perry. C-Merino. • — Champion Ram,
Barron; Champion Ewe, Wellman.
Lincoln. — Champion Ram, McDowell;
Champion Ewe, Wellman. Rambouil-
let. — Champion Ram, Barron; Cham¬
pion Ewe, Wellman. Suffolk. —
Champion Ram, Hob and Nob Farm,
Harry Hardwick, Francestown, N. J.;
Champion Ewe, Woodward. Tunis. —
Champion Ram and Ewe, McGuire.
Karakul. — Champion Ram, Karakul
Fur Sheep Farms, Fayetteville;
Champion Ewe, Lamson E. Dawley,
Fayetteville.

Hog classes were well filled with
good entries. In Berkshires the en¬
tries of J. W. Vanarsdal, Jr. Burgin,
Ky., Alex Cooper & Son, Reynolds-
ville, Pa., divided top honors. Ray¬
mond D. Smith, Fayetteville, won
awards and made a good showing
in the Berkshires. Maple Hedge
Farms, Kelton, Pa., shared top plac¬
ing with Vanarsdale in Chesters.
Frank L. Hollier, Skaneateles placed
well with his good Chesters. In the
Poland China classes Willowdale
Farms, Daniel C. Poole, Jefferson,
Md., topped. In Hampshire classes
Ford A. Cooper, Reynoldsvills, Pa.,
won premier honors. In the Durocs
it was Lauxmont Farms, Wrights-
ville Pa., all the way. In the Spotted
Polands the good entries of M. G.
Adams, Oneida, took all tops.

Docking Lambs

We have three spring lambs
(March) and would like to kno\v
if it is too late to bob their tails
and how to proceed. Their wool
seems quite deep, two inches or a
little better. We are wondering if
they should be clipped. This is our
first expei’ience with sheep,

New Jersey c. j. k.

It would be advisable to dock
lambs at an earlier age. However,
lambs of the age mentioned may be
docked by first tightly tieing off their
tails with stout string near the body.
They may be then cut off with a
knife, or dull hatchet, placing the
tail on a piece of wood and hitting
the hatchet head with a mallet.
Smear some pine tar on the cut sur¬
face. In 24 to 48 hours cut the string
with a knife. It would probably not
be profitable to shear these lambs
although they will grow a little
better if shorn. Dock them at the
second joint of their tails. r. w. d.

Holsteins on a Northern New York Farm

Left, Sir Noah Posch and right, his dam Nedetta Sylvius Maid, registered
Holsteins on the Howard E. Heinberg farm, Winthrop, St. Lawrence

County, ' New York.

WHEN you “plop” that little
measure of Near’s DIJES-
TONE down on each cow’s feed —
you’ve taken an important step
toward helping to keep winter-long
health and steady production in
your herd!

Actual feeding experiments have
shown that Near’s DIJES-TONE
added regularly to the feed during
off-pasture months, helped towards
keeping summer-time vigor and health
in those herds. Its use also is to help
prevent those functional failures due
to a lack of vital minerals — often the
condition responsible for breakdowns
in health and production.

Near’s DIJES-TONE for COWS
supplies certain vital minerals in the
right proportions for dairy cows, and
in a form easily dissolved in the di¬
gestive juices. And, combined with
these minerals are digestive tonic aids
(bitters, carminatives and antacids)
for helping to keep the cows in
good condition.

Don’t take chances with the health
and productive capacities of your herd
this winter. Why not try feeding
Near’s DIJES-TONE? Start now
— and see if it doesn’t help pave
the way to a winter of profitable,
worry-free production and calving in
your herd.

NEAR’S

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The Care and Management
of Rabbits

By Chesia C. Sherlock

^pHlS is a new edition and although the
text has had but few revisions it is prin¬
ted on better paper. It Is a handy guide for
beginners as well as breeders.

Price reduced to $1.00

(New York City residents add 2c for Sales Tax)
For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIII1IHI

FIVE ACRES AND
INDEPENDENCE

By M. G. KAINS, B. S ., M. S.

A practical guide to the selection and
management of the small farm with
detailed advice and explanation on var¬
ious topics treated.

Revised and enlarged edition.

T^t*ir*xx 4*7 AQ New York City residents
Xx 1LC vJJAi.Ttf add 2% Sales Tax.

FOR SALE BY

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street - New York City

333 West 30th Street

New York City

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

566

S*r RURAL NEW-YORKER

Rural School Notes

Rural Versus Centralized
Schools

I have read with interest the
friendly controversy regarding the
respective merits of rural schools
and centralized ones. I was brought
up on the fine fare generously served
by excellent rural teachers. I taught
for 14 years in modern centralized
schools, and I have the greatest re¬
spect for the high aims of educators
of today. I know each system has
its values.

From the school board’s point of
view, it is simpler to manage one
large central plant than several units.
The heating problem is reduced to
one, the janitor problem likewise.
Upkeep of buildings is simplified.
Supplies are more easily delivered
and distributed. Maintenance cost of
fuel, lights, telephone, and cleaning
equipment should be somewhat less
in the town with the centralized
school. However, this item probably
is balanced by the additional cost
of bus transportation. Playground
equipment is undoubtedly better at
the central school for if a hundred
dollars a year can be allotted by the
town for the purchasing of swings,
footballs, and slides, not a very big
amount could go to each of several
rural schools.

The supervisor who visits one

school rather than several saves time
which can be spent in real super¬
vision and in help for teacher and

pupils. And one other point in favor
of the central system is that boys
and girls are grouped rightly for

the special studies, such as art,
music, manual training, and sewing.
Concerning the teaching cost to the
town, I can’s see that it is any cheaper
to hire a teacher for each of eight
grades than to pay one for each of
eight schools.

Is the fhild happier in the central¬
ized school and does he graduate
better equipped to face life than the
child in the rural school?

I doubt it. High school teachers
today loudly bewail the fact that
children come to their classes unable
to read with understanding, to write
the simplest of sentences well, and
that difficult arithmetic problems are
often beyond their grasp. A genera¬
tion or two ago when most children
attended rural schools, this was not
so. Our parents were well trained in
the fundamentals, the three R’s of
the old song, “Reading and Riting
and ’Rithmetic.” Today’s curriculum
attempts to cover so much ground;
the harassed teacher urged on by
the school authorities must take time
for lessons on safety, civics, health
and hygiene, nature, social science,
guidance, and current events. All
valuable subjects in themselves, but
are they worth the time they take
from the important subjects which
should be thoroughly taught? The
unusually bright child may be able
to cope with it all and emerge with
a fine background of a variety of
subjects, but for the average child
it’s a big dose, and I wonder some¬
times if his smattering, confused
knowledge of many things might not

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for August 1941 is $2.48 for 3.5 per
cent milk in the 200-210 mile zone. This
uniform price is based on the following
prices: Class 1 (fluid milk in marketing
area) $2.88; Class 1 (outside non-federal)
$2.68; Class 1 (relief) $2.31; Class 2- A
(fluid cream) $2,445 per cwt.

The five other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $2,325; 2-C,
$2,256; 3- A, $2,156; 4-A, $1,669; 4-B, $2,036.

Fluid sales for the whole month of
August 1941 amounted to 244,763,401 pounds
and there was a total of 505,353,556 pounds
in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 16 cents.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 37% to 39c; 90 to 92 score,
35 to 37‘/2c; unsalted, best, 3414c.

EGGS

Premium marks, 44c; specials, 41c;
standards, 36!4c; Pacific Coast, specials,
48 ‘/a c; standards, 45 Vie; brown, fancy, 44c.
Frozen eggs, 50-lb. cans, lb. 26y2c.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2V2 to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, IV2 pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality.

Fowls, 23 to 24c; chickens, 20 to 26c;
roosters, 13c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 22c; chickens, 26c; turkeys, 29c;
ducks, 16y2c; geese, 14c; squabs, 40c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $10.25; cows, $7; bulls, $9.50;
calves, $15.50; lambs, $12.50; hogs, $11.50.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.75; grapes, 12-qt. bkt.,
65c; peaches, bu., $3; pears, bu., $2; plums,
y2-bu., bkt., $1.25; strawberries, pt., 23c.

much better be exchanged for a
thorough background of the sub¬
jects of a generation ago, reading,
writing, history, geography, spelling,
and arithmetic.

The theory is often advanced by
opponents of rural schools that
several grades of pupils in one room
reciting and working at the board
distract the attention of the child
working at his desk. This is doubt¬
less true, but I think to his advan¬
tage. By the time a child has heard
nouns and adjectives taught to sever¬
al classes above him he feels he
has at least a nodding acquaintance
with them when his turn comes. And
the beautiful stories of Heidi, King
Arthur, Robin Hood, and Evangeline
are as real as life to the child who
listens half understanding, to the
upper graders go through them, then
enjoys them lor himself, then listens
again as a low grade pores over
them.

The teacher of a rural school has
a sense of responsibility for the wel¬
fare of each child and the school as
a whole that the teacher in the
central school does not feel. I think
her work must be more stimulating,
too, for she contacts children of
different ages, and must know many
subjects and materials. The teacher
of one grade often gets bored after
a few years of teaching the same
thing over and over.

There are good teachers in rural
-schools, good ones in centralized
schools. I don’t see how one can
claim that teachers are better in
one than another.

Modern educators who advocate
the centralized school sincerely be¬
lieve that there they can best fit the
child to meet life as it is lived today.
I know the centralized school has
many advantages. But I think the
rural school teacher is doing an ex¬
cellent job, and parents of children
attending rural schools need have no
fear as to the background of knowl¬
edge they will acquire there.

Connecticut mrs. a. w. p.

Shall We Centralize or Not?

The question of school centraliza¬
tion is a pressing one at present,
having a bearing upon our finances
and the welfare of our children of
school age. When this question was
being agitated in the area embrac¬
ing our district and 29 others, stern
opposition was encountered, and the
proposition was defeated, but after
waiting the time required by law,
it was again submitted to a vote and
carried. The school has now been
in operation two years, with all 30
districts cooperating in attendance
except four.

An opening wedge of the central
school system was the stubborn fact
of low attendance at many of the
rural schools. This low attendance,
placed against heavy school ex¬
penses, was not only unreasonable
but unbearable. In the nature of
things, it could not long exist. There
were schools whose attendance had
diminished to one, or even to zero,
for a larger part of the year.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $2; brussels sprouts, qt.,
18c; cabbage, IV2 bu., $1; cauliflower, crate,
$1.75; corn, 100, 85c; onions, 50 lbs., $1.50;
peas, bu., $3; spinach, bu., 85c; squash, bu.,
$1.25; tomatoes, 12-qt. bkt., $1; rutabagas,
50 lbs., 80c; water cress, bunch, 4c; potatoes,
100 lbs., $1.50; sweet potatoes, bu., $1.50;
lettuce, crate, 75c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, $24; No. 2, $22; No. 3, $20;
straw, rye, $20.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red, $1.267/8; corn, No. 2,
89%c; oats, No. 2, 59c; rye, 88%c; barley,
83c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 50c; eggs, 50 to 55c; peaches, lb.,
4c; plums, lb., 4c; apples, lb., 3c; peas, lb.,
20c; stringbeans, lb., 12c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter, 41c; eggs, 40c; live fowls, 22c;
chickens, 21c; dressed fowls, 25'/2c; chick¬
ens, 24c; apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100
lbs., $1.20; cabbage, 50 lbs., 85c; tomatoes,
12-qt., bskt., 65c.

LANCASTER, PA., LIVESTOCK

Steers, $12.75; bulls, $9.50; cows, $8;
calves, $13.50; lambs, $9; hogs, $12.

PITTSBURGH

Butter, 36%c; eggs, 36c; hens, 23c;
chickens, 23c; potatoes, $1.55; apples, bu.,
$1.50; onions, 50 lbs., $1.15.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK

Steers, $12.50; bulls, $10; cows, $8; calves,
$14.50; sheep, $4.50; lambs, $11.75; hogs,
$11.90.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 38 ’/2c; eggs, 44c; live fowls, 19Vfcc;
chickens, 20c; dressed fowls, 25c; chickens,
26c; apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1;
wool, 48 to 51c.

In regard to our tax rate, it has
not gone above thd 10 mills rate,
but for the coming year, it will be
21/2 mills higher. The coming rise
may be due to unsettled matters
abroad, or to increased expense of
the school. A central school adjoin¬
ing ours will have a tax rate only
one-half as high as last year.

C. M. Drake

I was interested in reading two
letters in your issue of July 26, one
in favor of the retention of the one-
room school, the other in favor of
centralization. I heartily agree with
the centralization plan.

I taught school more than 30 years,
17 years in one-room buildings,
more than four years in a two-room
building. For 12 years I taught just
one grade. To my mind children are
so much better off in the graded
schools that there is no comparison.

Ponies and Children

Clarence A. Fairchild, who runs
a large poultry farm near New
Berlin, N. Y., has taken to raising
ponies as an interesting sideline.
Brought up in the West, Mr. Fair-
child was accustomed to horses and
wanted his children to learn to
handle them. About two years ago,
he purchased a spotted pony which
the children named Lulubelle, and
when she foaled a few months later,
her colt naturally became Scotty.
Now he has from 12 to 15 on hand
all the time and is rapidly develop¬
ing a profitable sideline. He does
his own breeding. He got his first
stallion in New Jersey, but as he
proved difficult to handle, he dis¬
posed of him and purchased another
which the children can handle safely.

Mr. Fairchild says that the main
thing about raising ponies is to have
them gentle, and to do that you must
be gentle with them and handle them
constantly. He, as he calls it, “plays
with them,” from the time they are
born. He puts a halter on them the
day after they are born and they
learn to lead early. They have a
saddle on them before they are a year
old, although they are not ridden or
driven until they are over a year
old. They are never frightened.

Some of the ponies are solid color
and some are spotted; the latter are
worth more. The ponies are from
30 to 44 inches tall. They are kept
in regular stalls and are let outdoors
every day possible in Winter. In

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MAN¬
AGEMENT, CIRCULATION, Etc., Required
by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912 of
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, published bi¬
weekly at New York, N. Y., for October 1, 1941.

State of New York, County of New York, as.

Before me, a Notary Public, in and for the
State and county aforesaid, personally appeared
John J. Dillon, who, haying been duly sworn ac¬
cording to law, deposes and says that he is the
Publisher of The Rural New-Yorker, and that
the following, is to the best of his knowledge
and belief, a true statement of the ownership,
management (and if a daily paper, the circula¬
tion), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the
date shown in the above caption, required by
the Act of March 3, 1933, embodied in Section
537, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on
the reverse of this form, to wit:

1. — That the names and addresses of the pub¬
lisher, editor, .managing editor, and business
manager are:

Publisher: John J. Dillon, 333 W. 30th St., New
York, N. Y.

Editor: John J. Dillon, 333 W. 30th St., New
York, N. Y.

Managing Editor: W. W. Higgins, 333 W. 30tli
St., New York, N. Y.

Business Manager: John J. Dillon, 333 W. 30th
St., New York, N. Y.

2. — That the owner is: (If owned by a corpora¬
tion, its name and address must be stated and
also immediately thereunder the names and ad¬
dresses of stockholders owning or holding one
per cent or more of total amount of stock. If
not owned by a corporation, the names and ad¬
dresses of the individual owners must be given.
If owned by a firm, company, or other unin¬
corporated concern, its name and address, as
well as those of each individual member, must
be given.)

Rural Publishing Co., 333 West 30th St., New
York, N. Y.

John J. Dillon, 333 W. 30th. St., New York

October 18, 1941

As to the fact that a child is too
bashful to speak out before a large
class and ask questions, right there
is one of the advantages of the larger
school. By mixing with a greater
number of children, this bashful¬
ness is soon overcome.

I attended a one-room school until
I was 15 and know all their dis¬
advantages — the unsanitary con¬
ditions, the stoves which heated only
a part of the room, the glaring
windows, without shades, etc.

Then in the education line, how
can one teacher take care of all the
subjects now taught?

Children in grades have the ad¬
vantage of special teachers in many
subjects, singing, drawing, manual
training, sewing, cooking, sometimes
swimming, dancing, etc.

So keep the centralized school.

Experience

Summer they are kept in a pasture
with an electric fence. About eight
tons of hay fed this herd last Winter.
They are fed grain only if they are
worked a great deal or if the con¬
dition of mares with foal warrants it.

The price of the ponies varies from
$25 for weanlings to an average of
$150 for full grown ones. With them
as with everything you pay for what
you get. He charges 50 cents an
hour for children to ride or drive
them. Since Mr. Fairchild has a two¬
wheeled cart, a miniature carriage,
two-seater and a wagon that require
a team, and several sleighs as well
as saddles, the children have a grand
time whether it is Summer or
Winter.

Mr. Fairchild has six children of
his own, ranging in age from five

months, to ten years old. And all
but the baby ride or drive. Three-
year old Betty, who has ridden since
she was a year and a half old pre¬
fers riding, while the next older,
Melvin, would much rather drive. In
his father’s absence, the oldest,
Harry, can show the horses and
handle them as well as his father.
Even Betty can go up to any pony
in the pasture and catch it. Occa¬
sionally, if the youngsters get the
cinches too tight, the pony will buck
them off, but that is the only reason.
Customers come from as far as
Masachusetts to buy Fairchild ponies.
The owner welcomes any visitors to
his farm and his ponies are sure
worth the trip. mrs. o. m .d.

Wm. F. Berghold, 333 W. 30th. St., New York
Wm. A. O’Brien, 333 W. 30th. St., New York
Mary D. Walsh, 333 W. 30th. St., New York
Catherine D. McGratty, 333 W. 30th. St., N. Y.
Julia D. Berghold, 333 W. 30th. St., New York
Virginia D. Curry, 333 W. 30th. St., New York

3. — That the known bondholders, mortgagees,
and other security holders owning or holding 1
per cent or more of total amount of bonds,
mortgages, or other securities are: (If there
are none, so state.) None.

4. — That the two paragraphs next above, giv¬
ing the names of the owners, stockholders, and
security holders, if any, contain not only the
list of stockholders and security holders as they
appear upon the books of the company but also,
in cases where the stockholder or security
holder appears upon the books of the company
as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the
name of the person or corporation for whom such
trustee is acting is given also that the said two
paragraphs contain statements embracing affi¬
ant’s full knowledge and belief as to the cir¬
cumstances and conditions under which stock¬
holders and security holders who do not appear
upon the books of the company as trustees,
hold stock and securities in a capacity other
than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant
has no reason to believe that any other person,
association, or corporation has any interest di¬
rect or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or
other securities than as so stated by him.

5. — That the average number of copies of each
issue of this publication sold or distributed,
through the mails or otherwise, to paid sub¬
scribers during the 12 months preceding the

date shown above is - . (This information is

required from daily publications only.)

JOHN J. DILLON, Publisher
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 30th day
of September 1941.

(SEAL) LENA KAUFMANN,

Notary Public, Bronx County No. 33, Reg. No.
22-K-43. Cert, filed in N. Y. Co. No. 297, Reg.
No. 3-K-183. Commission expires March 30, 1943.

The Fairchild children on their ponies. Left to right: Harry on Zero, Betty
on Lulubelle, Philip on Betty, June on Z aida, and Melvin on Molly.

RURAL. NEW-YORKER

S67

Genesee Valley Horse Show

Each Fall thoroughbreds and half-
bred horses, bred in the Genesee
Valley of Livingston County, New
York are brought together for com¬
petition in a show at Avon, which
is held under the auspices of the
Genesee Valley Breeders Association
and cooperation of the Jockey Club.

Light horses have been bred in
this section fof over a quarter of a
century, and even though the show
is devoted primarily to hunters, the
farm horses also had their place in
the program.

The breeding activities started in
the Valley by the late Mrs. Herbert
Wadsworth are being continued with

Sargeant, champion two-year old
purebred horse and winner ins
Belgian class.

the endorsement of the Jockey Club,
and not.only are the stallions at Look-
over Stallion Station, which are
leased to farmers, but brood mares
with foal, yearlings, two, three and
four year olds are always on ex¬
hibition at this show. Under this
arrangement, the farmers are in a
position to produce better horses, and
consequently get better prices when
they are ready to sell.

On ' the opening day, which was
devoted largely to brood mares and
foals, Edward F. Servis, of Geneseo,
scored a double victory by winning
the mare championship with Best
Bonnett by McNeil out of Gala
Dress, and also the foal champion¬
ship with her bay colt by Royal
Guard. The reserve champion brood
mare was Charles Z. Case’s Cloidna,
by Lough Foyle and Maxwell
Glover’s chestnut colt by Flarion was
reserve champion foal.

The second day started with an
exhibition of stallions in service in
this and adjacent counties. The
judges, Lt. Col. Theodore DeSassure,
Front Royal, Va., and Mrs. Frederick
Ayer, Southampton, Mass, selected
Royal Guard by Light Brigade for
the blue ribbon, Thunderation by
Thunderer for second, and Curate
by Fair Play for third place. Follow¬
ing the thoroughbred competition, a
Cleveland Bay named Morning Star
owned by the U. S. Remount Service
was on parade. This stallion im¬
ported from England is a coach type,
and was brought in to cross with
the smaller thoroughbred mares to

produce middle and heavyweight
hunters.

The yearling championship was
awarded to John Steele’s Foloria
Girl by Thunderation out of Ardite
2nd; and reserve to Henry G.
Hubbard’s Gray Boy by Finalist out
of Lassie, both halfbreds owned by
local farmers. In the two-year old
division Numldian the champion by
Numide out of Daisy owned by
Edward D. Mulligan, M. F. H., and
John Steele’s Bright Sport, reserve,
were both halfbreds.

The grand and three-year old
champion thoroughbred Sky’s Trou¬
ble, owned by Mr. and Mrs. William
Faugh, of Rochester, was by
Thunderation out of Middlebrook
Maid, and the reserve champion
three-year old Edward C. Lavery’s
Scramoff by Hurryoff out of Jane
was a halfbred.

Purebred draft horses were judged
near the main show ring, and all the
winners were brought in to parade
before the spectators after the
awards were made. James Quait, of
Groveland, won the two-year old
blue, and draft horse championship
with his Belgian, and Miss Marjorie
Fischer, of Geneseo won the two-
year old Percheron blue and reserve
championship with Oak Forrest
Gretta. Miss Fischer won the horse¬
manship blue ribbon open to 4-H
exhibitors, and James Quait was
second.

Purebred draft horse awards:
Belgian and Percheron foals — won
by George Acomb’s Daisy, by Iowa
Challenger; James Quait’s Mark, by
Roscoe Peel, 2nd. Belgian and
Percheron Yearlings — won by James
Quait’s Rowdy, by Roscoe Peel; Joyce

Oak Forest Gretta, Reserve Cham¬
pion two-year old purebred Perche¬
ron; owned by Miss Marjorie Fischer,
N. Y. Owner also won Horsemanship
Class for 4-H exhibitors.

Gray’s Pixie, by Carmax, 2nd. Bel¬
gian two-year olds — won by James
Quait’s Sargeant, by Roscoe Peel;
Shelby Sliker’s Corporal, by Roscoe
Peel, 2nd. Percheron two-year olds —
won by Miss Marjorie Fischer’s Oak
Forest Gretta, by Oak Forest Lind¬
bergh; Donald Lutz’s Prince, by
Malaky III, 2nd. Champion pure¬
bred draft colt — James Quait’s Sar¬
geant, champion; Miss Marjorie
Fischer’s Oak Forest Gretta, reserve.

Amos L. Horst

Calf Scramble in Idaho

Although the Western Idaho State
Fair held at the state fairground in
Boise, Idaho is a thing of the past,
it has gone down in history as the
best ever, including attendance, pro¬
duction, exhibits, program and
morale; even the weather was grand,
just late and lazy Idaho summer
weather.

To me one of the most interesting
events on the program, and which
always draws a record breaking
grandstand crowd, was the calf
scramble held in connection with the
4-H Club and sponsored by the
different Boise business firms. This
was the third year this program has
been put on. The business men buy
the calves, about six months old and
already weaned, all choice stuff,
usually the white face predominat¬
ing but there were roan Durhams and
pole Angus mixed in to make it in¬
teresting.

When the scramble is on, a space
about 200 feet square directly in
front of the grandstand is inclosed.
Half of the contestants are lined up
on one side or end, the rest at the
other. A truck brings in the calves,
unloads them, a gun is fired as a
signal and the race is on. Each con¬
testant has to catch, halter and hold
his calf until all are caught. This
year there were 20 calves, 33 boys

and one gin, the first time a girl
has competed. She was a sturdy
little thing of 11 or 12 years old,
dressed in a bright blue shirt and
corderoys. She opened the front of
her shirt tucked the ends of her long
pigtails in and buttoned her shirt
and stood with one foot forward.
And would you believe it, when the
signal was given she was the first
to get her calf amid the thunderous
applause from the grandstand. The
scramble for calves is a rough and
ready one, some coming out with
very little clothes left on.

Each boy securing his calf feeds
it for a year keeping close account
of the feed and cost and reporting
each month to his sponsor. Then
when fair time comes again, they
are brought back to the fair, ex¬
hibited and judged, and awarded
premiums; then sold at auction to
the highest bidder. The packing
companies and butchers competing,
usually the premium calves go ex¬
ceedingly high, so this is what every
boy works for trying to raise a prize
winner.

One-third of the money from the
sale of each calf goes to the sponsor,
the balance to the young owner. This
scramble is not a money making
proposition for the sponsors but is
to encourage the 4-H Clubs and
Future Farmers of America.

Idaho mrs. o. a. p.

***• Shult,
3

Purina

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the hay, silage, grain and other crops you raise on
your farm. In these times of good milk prices, why
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See your Purina dealer about the Purina Feeding
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Send me complete details about your new low-
priced folding cow Partition and stanchions.

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way when calves are young by using
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lht RURAL NEW-YORKER

Subscribers, Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 571.

Help Wanted

EXPERIENCED HOUSEWORKER, small
family, new five room house. Share room
with IV2 year child. Good home. $25 month¬
ly. References. RADDING, Robinhood Road,
White Plains, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED WOMAtf, capable taking
care six room house, one year old baby
for business couple. Own room, good home,
$35 monthly to start. References. GOLD¬
STEIN, Mansfieid Road, White Plains, N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced loggers and team¬
sters. ADVERTISER 2565, cane Rural
New-Yorker.

MAN FOR a dairy farm, retail milk route.

$100 per month and commission. - Albany
County. ADVERTISER 2567, care Rural
New-Yorker.

DAIRYMAN FOR farm bottling plant. $100
per month. ADVERTISER 2568, care Rural
New-Yorker. -

MAN ON dairy farm. $80 per month, house
and privileges. Willing to board help. $30
per month. Albany County. ADVERTISER
2569, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN ON dairy farm. $60 per month and
. board, or $90 per month and board self .
L. H. YOUMANS, New Scotland, N. Y.

GARDENER’S APPRENTICE: Strong boy
under 20 with sincere desire to learn all
branches gardening under expert on private
place; board, lodging, small salary. German
extraction preferred. Give age, background,
references. P. O. BOX 91, Frenehtown, N. J.

WANTED — Married farmer to act as work¬
ing caretaker. Two cows, one saddle horse,
few chickens. Six room house, electricity
and bath. Pleasant surroundings. Must be
sober and industrious. C. N. McGUIRE,
Pennington, N. J.

WANTED — Poultryman, middleaged married
man, no children, looking for good homer
Small chicken farm, 50 miles New York.
Do ' odd jobs when not busy. Excellent
opportunity if accustomed to living in
country. References. Christians. ADVER¬
TISER 2570. care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, modern home
in country, four in family. Pleasant with
children. $45 to start. References. CHARLES
LADD, New Canaan, Conn.

WANTED — A couple, could be above
middleage; woman’s work light; man to
help milk and do some chores. Live with
an elderly farm couple. Fair wages, good
board, with Christian Americans. AD¬
VERTISER 2575, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Housekeeper, 25-35, on farm;

widow with child no objection. Give age,
salary, with photo (will return) in first
letter. ADVERTISER 2576, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Fruit farmer to take over es¬
tablished young orchard and farm land;
favorable terms. BOX 205, Saluda, North
Carolina.

CARETAKER, GARDENER, man with some
understanding of carpentry and cement
work or either. To a sober man of good
character, a life time position amidst
pleasant surroundings is offered; location
Putnam County, 60 miles from New York
City. ADVERTISER 2577, care Rural New-
Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN for housekeeping. New
York State. ADVERTISER 2578, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING, settled young
woman desiring good home. Own room
and bath. Small house, one child. $40 month.
Fare paid. WEINTRAUB, 101 Edgewood Ave.,
Larchmont, N. Y.

HOUSEWORKER — Girl or woman, private
home, no laundry; $40 monthly. MRS.
ANN MALONEY, 4209 81st St„ Brooklyn,
New York.

WANTED AT once, eight men to work on
saw mill job. C. R. BEARDSLEY, South-
wick, Mass.

COMPETANT YOUNG woman, general
housework; small family. DeKONING,
129 Mortimer, Rutherford, N. J.

WANTED — Couple with small family to run
farm boarding house, 3-6 men; $30 a
month each, privileges. Man to drive team,
do general farm work. Interview with
references. HAMLET HILL FARM, Salis¬
bury, Conn.

HELP WANTED: Boy, clean habits, relia¬
ble, on small farm; good home. HAPPY
ACRES, Saugerties, N. Y.

HOUSEWORKER — Business couple, four
room house, plain cooking, light laundry;
own room; $30 month. MRS. B. KRASNOW,
Suffern, N. Y.

CARETAKER — Couple for farm in New
Jersey including 10 acres cultivated blue¬
berries and home vegetable garden. Man
for working superintendent. Woman to do
housework owners home; three adults.
Couple to maintain themselves in new five
room completely furnished cottage. Write
fully stating nationality, age, experience
and salary desired. BOX 128 Laurelton, N. J.

WANTED GIRL for housework, Christian
family; four room apartment. ADVER¬
TISER 2592, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN to work on farm where they
deliver milk at retail. Helping on route,
washing bottles and equipment, working in
barn in the afternoon. $40 per month with
board. EDWIN C. LARRY, Pleasantville,
New York.

MIDDLEAGED HOUSEKEEPER, one adult;

good home, small salary. Westchester.
ADVERTISER 2585, care Rural New-Yorker.

MALE ATTENDANTS, age 21 to 45, wages
$54 per month and maintenance in the
institution, must be citizens of U. S., resi¬
dents of New York State and meet Civil
Service requirements. CREEDMOOR STATE
HOSPITAL, Queens Village, N. Y.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER: sleep in; one
child. $35 a month. MOSS, 20 Morristown
Road, Bemardsville, N. J.

WANTED — General houseworker, white;

• small house. Two children, aged six and
nine; one adult. Household laundry out. $50.
MRS. C. F. McQUISTON, Chappaqua, N, Y.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER for Christian
family, two adults, two girls, 9 and 6
years. Permanent position; suburbs of New
York City. Own room and bath. Give full
particulars. ADVERTISER 2587, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WORKING FARM manager. Dirt farmer,
good milker on dairy farm in southern
New England. Must be first class dairyman,
able to repair equipment and buildings,
provide and board help. Must have pro¬
duced profitable results on last job. Salary
and commission. Reply, giving complete
details and references to ADVERTISER 2591,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR small estate in Barrington,
Rhode Island. Man for general utility chief¬
ly outdoors. Woman for general house¬
work and cooking. Full maintenance and
$60 per month. Write full- details to DR.
C. B. LEECH, =S2-Waterman St., Providence,
Rhode Island.

GIRL FOR housework, plain cooking. Good
home with family having grown children.
Permanent position. Wages $50 a month.
Send photo and references. MRS. JOHN H.
YAUCH, Jr., 29 South \Qentre St., South
Orange, N. J. .

GARDENER FARMER couple, middleaged,
no children. Experienced in general care
of private farm. Steady position and good
pay for capable and willing couple. Separate
modern cottage. M. POSNER, Danbury,
Conn. Communicate weekends at Danbury,
phone 4543 or write New York 1400 Broad¬
way, phone Pennsylvania 5-5681.

WANTED — Single, reliable, honest, trust¬
worthy, ambitious young man on farm for
general farm work. Must understand taking
care of both cows and poultry. Milking
machine used. State wages expected. Also
might be able to use one elderly man who
would like to work for his board. Refer¬
ences. E. E. SMITH, Box 208, Yantic, Conn.

SOBER, CHRISTIAN, to take care of 200
chickens in exchange for good home.
References. C. WERMINGHAUSEN, 850
Ridgewood Road, Oradell, N. J.

COOK— General houseworker, white, two
adults, two children in family. Full time
position, $50 month with board; new house;
light laundry. Write giving age, references.
E. H. O’MARA, Shore Acres Drive,
Mamaroneck, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTED: Man to help on poultry
farm, woman for housework; good home,
moderate wages. ADVERTISER 2596, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED MIDDLEAGED Swedish
couple for farm work; wife very good
cook. Unfurnished house. Southern Connecti¬
cut. ADVERTISER 2594, care Rural New-
Yorker.

Situations Wanted

A FIRST class poultry manager is open for
a position. I am appealing to men who
are not looking for something for nothing,
but to men who want something and who
are wiling to pay a man who knows his
business to produce something that is worth
having and worth selling to other people.
To such men I can offer a genuine service.
Am college trained, considered to be an
expert in every phase of the poultry busi¬
ness and have years and years of practical
experience. I am confident that an inter¬
view will convince you. If you are looking
for a high type, capable, and conscientious
man I shall be pleased to hear from you.
No shares or rent need answer. First class
propositions only will be considered. Best
0% references. ADVERTISER 2537,. care
Rural Ne\V- Yorker.

Mrs. Theodore Douglas Robinson, Mohawk,
New York, highly recommends a reliable,
married man, superintendent of estate and
farm for seven years. Can be interviewed.

FARM MANAGER, all branches, long
record of accomplishments. Specializing
Guernseys, Leghorns. Proven profitable re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2494, care Rural New-
Yorker.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN, desires job.

Single, sober, college training, excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2496, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE MIDDLEAGED, unencumbered,
housekeeper, cook, caretaker, gardener,
handyman; reference. ADVERTISER 2529,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN 40, single, healthy, good education,
11 years garage business, wants change.
Will consider any proposition from man
or woman. ADVERTISER 2530, care Rural
New-Yorker.

COUPLE, FARM foreman, years experience,
capable taking full charge. Reference.
Present employer woman, excellent cook,
housekeeper. Best habits. ADVERTISER
2540, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED POSITION as manager of first
class farm or estate. Thoroughly qualified
and capable and ambitious and honest.
Married, no children, college graduate, no
liquor or tobacco. Will take substantial
financial interest in registered Guernseys
on such a place. New York State preferred.
ROBERT DUNLOP, Newark, N. Y.

CARETAKER-GARDENER, 55, trustworthy,
experienced, wants position. R. MUNTZ,
Newfoundland, N. J.

REFINED AMERICAN housekeeper in
motherless home. ADVERTISER 2547,
care Rural New-Yorker.

CLEAN, INTELLIGENT, young American,
25, wants position; willing to learn; high
school; drivers license. ADVERTISER 2552,
care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN EXPERIENCED, first class.

private or commercial plant. Single, age
42. 37 Wall St., Huntington, L. I., N. Y.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN wants po¬
sition as manager on poultry plant or
country estate. Reliable; reference. ADVER¬
TISER 2562, care Rural New-Yorker.

20 YEARS experience as farm manager.

Up-to-date methods in dairy, farming and
poultry. Operate power machinery. Good
worker. Married, excellent references. AD¬
VERTISER 2551, care Rural New-Yorker.

GERMAN-AMERICAN, 43, married, one
child, agricultural school graduate, honest,
hardworking, well experienced in dairy.
Poultry and farming; excellent vegetable
and flower gardener, wishes position as
working manager or caretaker on farm
estate. P. O. BOX 621, New Rochelle, N. Y.

WANTED POSITION as companion-house¬
keeper. Widow, middleaged, Scotch de¬
scent, Protestant. Capable, good driver, free
to travel. ADVERTISER 2581, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, Protestant, age 37, of good
character, wanting position as chauffeur,
caretaker on private estate; southern
states preferred. Excellent references. No
cheap positions. CHESTER COOLEY, R. F.
D. 1, Barnet, Vt.

SUPERINTENDENT, FARM manager, ex¬
perienced both estate, commercial work;
poultry, dairying, gardening, greenhouse.
Cornell graduate, 37, married. ADVER¬
TISER 2571, care Rural New-Yorker.

SUPERINTENDENT’S POSITION wanted by
man with thorough knowledge of poul¬
try, cattle, lawns, gardens, flowers and
general estate management. Working type.
References. ADVERTISER 2572, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED LADY, well educated, capa¬
ble, wishes position as housekeeper or
aompanion with person living alone or
motherless home. ADVERTISER 2574, care
Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE MAN with poultry experience,
desires position on farm. ADVERTISER
2580, care Rural New-Yorker.

NEAT CAPABLE woman, looking for in¬
dependent situation, vicinity New York,
New England States. Care invalids, farm
housekeeping, inst. No objection to children.
ADVERTISER 2573, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, married, 38, three
children; wishes position on modern pure¬
bred dairy or general farm. Life experience
in dairy work, crops pasture improvements,
etc.; good machine man. Agricultural school.
Take full charge. Please state details in first
letter. ADVERTISER 2583, care Rural New-
Yorker.

CARETAKER, AMERICAN, experienced all
around mechanic; country estate. Wife
housework if desired, cottage. BOX 56,
Centerport, L. I., N. Y.

FARMER, SINGLE, desires position on a
small place or a caretakers job. Practical
experience all around. Sober and honest,
dependable. MEHREN, 20 North William
St., New York.

EXPERIENCED SINGLE farmer, best of
character and work. References. Able to
board myself. ADVERTISER 2589, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WISH position, caretaking, cook,
serve, housework, lawn, graden, carpen¬
try; handy. ADVERTISER 2595, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY, 10 lbs. $1.50 prepaid.
SPENCER BAIRD, Fayetteville, N. Y.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 90c third zone; fourth $1.
JOSEPH FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

SWEET POTATOES, selected Eastern Shore
variety, $1.25 per bushel; $2.75 per barrel,
F. O. B. Painter. GEORGE WARREN.
Painter, Va.

NEW HONEY, our choicest white clover,
60 lbs. $4.80; extra white $4.60; white
$4.25; light amber $3.90; amber $3.75. A. J.
NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4 Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

PURE VERMONT maple syrup, $2.50 gallon;

one-half gallon $1.50; 5 lb. pail soft sugar
$1.75, postpaid third zone. MAPLE LANE
FARM, 224 East Ave., Burlington, Vt.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25. Postpaid into third
zone. Most healthful sweet. FRANK

MANCHESTER, Middlebury, Vt.

HONEY! 60 best clover $4.80; buckwheat
$4.20; Fall amber, good flavor $4.20. 28

clover (handy pail) $2.40. 24 combs clover

$3.60. Not prepaid. 10 clover postpaid $1.60.
Satisfaction guaranteed. F. W. LESSER,
Fayetteville, N. Y.

NEW CROP: Black walnut meats. Hand
picked. 1 lb. 80c; 2 lbs. $1.55; 5 lbs. $3.75.
All quarters 90c lb. Prepaid. R. L.
HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 90c;

3 lbs. $2.50 prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

CHESTNUTS, CULTIVATED variety. Not
imported. Very delicious. 45c per lb.; 5
lbs. $2. Prepaid. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg,
Penna.

CHOICE WHITE clover honey, 5 lbs. 90c;

10 lbs. $1.60. Buckwheat 5 lbs. 80c; 10

lbs. $1.40 postpaid. 60 clover $4.80; buck¬
wheat $4.20 here, liquid. HARRY T. GABLE,
Romulus, N. Y.

HONEY — Five pounds Goldenrod-buckwheat
70c; clover 80c, postpaid. HOMER MOWER,
R. 1, Utica, N. Y.

AVERY’S GOLDEN wildflower honey, 10
lbs. $1.60; 5 lbs. $1 prepaid; will ship

C. O. D. H. J. AVERY, Katonah, N. Y.

NEW HONEY, as fine as we have ever
produced. 60 lb. can here, clover $4.60;
buckwheat (1940) $3.30; clover mixed $3.80.
Ten pound pail postpaid $1.65; buckwheat
or mixed $1.40. Honey for re-sale in glass
and tin. RAY C. WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

October 18, 1941

PURE CLOVER honey, postpaid third zone
5 lbs. pail 85c; 2 pails $1.60; 4, $3. HUGH
GREGG, Elbridge, N. Y.

GEORGIA PAPER shell pecans, new crop,
large fancy blend. 10 lbs. $2.50 express
prepaid. WHIPPOORWILL PLANTATION,
Valdosta, Georgia.

MICHIGAN LIGHT amber honey, mild
flavor; 60 lbs. $3.60. CHAS. G. MARSHALL
& SON, Linden, Michigan.

Country Board

CHILDREN BOARDED, refined family;

country; excellent food, care, environ¬
ment. Furnish best of reference. Near
school. BOX 166, Wurtsboro, N. Y.

MODERN, CONGENIAL farm home, plenty
good plain home cooking, excellent beds.
Ideal for permanent home and hunters. $30
monthly. Gentiles. HELEN DITGES. Free¬
hold, N. Y. Telephone Greenville 13 F 23.

HAVE PRIVATE home for elderly persons.

Eight miles from city. Modern conveni¬
ences, particulars. LOCK BOX 332, Newark,
Ohio.

GLENWOOD HOUSE: Ideal location for
elderly people, on a beautiful estate;
rates $10 week; heat, all improvements.
Cornwall, N. Y.

A CORDIAL welcome is extended to any
person desiring to spend a pleasant
Winter in soutnern Vermont; 11 miles from
Brattleboro. Modern conveniences. Terms
moderate. MABELLE GORDON, Williams-
ville, Vermont.

Miscellaneou s

FOR SALE: Two unit Universal short-tube
milking machines, complete with pump
and pipe fittings. STONEACRES FARM.
Box 590, Princeton, N. J.

FOR SALE: Buckwheat mill, flour mill, feed
mill, cider mill, elevators, water turbines,
all still in place. F. SCHORADT, New
Lisbon, N. Y.

WANTED — Lighting plant, cash, 110 volt
AC automatic 1,000 or 1,500 watts, farm
tractor, plow, cultivator and double disk.
ADVERTISER 2528, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO buy one belt power hay
press, also one hammer mill; these ma¬
chines must be in first class condition.
S. B. O’HAGAN, Voorheesville, Albany
County, New York.

WANTED TO buy. Dr. Galigikian broiler
battery cages. ADVERTISER 2542, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WATER WHEEL, 35 H.P., under 13 ft. head,
ball bearing attrition mill, cider mill 2
cheese cir. track, land tile ditcher, band saw
wood planer, wood lathe 14x42, Garwood
hydraulic dump box 1(4 yds. R. E. SNELL
Belleville, N. Y. Phone 2431.

SIX BATTERY brooders for sale, large
excellent design, custom built, have given
low mortality rate. ROBERT CALVERT, 222
Nelson Road, Scarsdale, N. Y.

WANTED — Used garden tractor 3 to 5
horsepower. ADVERTISER 2556, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Incubator, large size. NORDA.
601 West 26th St., New York City.

WANTED — Apple wood for the manu¬
facture of saw handles. HARRY R.
HAINES, Box 119, Rt. 1, Moorestown, N. J.

70 QUILTS $4-$30. Crib quilts, aprons, rugs,
goosefeather beds, pillows, quilting done.
Circular. VERA FULTON, Gallipolis, Ohio.

WANTED — 60-80 horsepower motor, edger,
crawler tractor. HUTCHINS, Indian Lake,
New York.

WANTED — 10,000 locust, hemlock or cedar
poles; 20-25 feet, barked. DEERFIELD
FORESTERS, Cooper stown. N. Y.

WANTED — Used poultry timer, 110 volt
circuit. MILL CREEK FARM, North East,
Maryland.

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

I1*

%JI

# The familiar highway sign, revised as above, would
be appropriate in some hen houses where feeding isn't
what it should be.

Just because a hen is laying there's no reason to take
it for granted that everything is o. k. Don't endanger
your profits by feeding a second rate mash.

Any old egg mash will produce some eggs. Only good
egg mashes produce consistently high yields, week in
and week out, and leave a good bird at the end of a year.
Good mashes are made up of good ingredients.

One good ingredient is CORN GLUTEN MEAL.

Corn Gluten Meal supplies vitamin A potency and
plenty of protein (41%) to help meet the high require¬
ments of layers and breeders. And, if you're raising any
birds for meat, Corn Gluten Meal produces the yellow
skin color demanded in most markets.

This Fall, feed your new pullets and old hens a laying
mash that contains CORN GLUTEN MEAL. Look for it on the
list of ingredients on the tag or bag of the mash you buy.

CORN PRODUCTS SALES CO.

NEW YORK • CHICAGO

CLUTtN NUl

CAUTION

First
and
[is of
lead.

mssACHusnrc
i ASSOCIATION |
CERTIFIED
POULTRY
.BREEDERS i

•n. pur A I. NEW. YORKER

The Henyard

===== By T. B. Charles

The Choice of Breeds

I expect to buy two or three
hundred pullets this Fall. I am
wondering whether to buy White
Leghorns or New Hampshire Reds.
Provided the production was the
same from either kind, I would like
to know which would be the most
profitable. If I am not mistaken, a
New Hampshire pullet will eat more
than a White Leghorn and I can
keep five White Leghorn pullets
where I can keep only four New
Hampshires. The White Leghorns
that I have had have laid larger
eggs and fewer small ones than the
reds I have had. When I want to
sell the White Leghorns it is hard
to find a market for them and I have
to take about five cents a pound less
than I do for the New Hampshires
which are easy to sell. Then the
White Leghorn will weigh four or
five pounds while the New Hamp¬
shire Red will weigh six or seven.
With all these points taken into con¬
sideration and any others that might
be raised I v/ould like to know your
opinion in regard to this question.

New York h. p. l.

Desirability of breeds for your
location will of course depend on
many factors, but principally on (1)
eggs per bird, (2) comparative egg
size, (3) preference for white or
brown eggs, and premium, if any,
for color of egg shells, . (4) broiler
prices, (5) meat prices, and last,
but not least, (6) floor space needed
per bird.

As to (1) eggs per bird, should
not be greatly different on the aver¬
age good strain of either breed. As
to (2) egg size, you can certainly
get strains of New Hampshires that
will lay as large or larger eggs than
Leghorns. Their average egg size
for the breed will certainly stack
up well against Leghorns. As to (3)
preference for egg shell color, no
doubt the New York market will pay
more for the average white egg than
for the brown. On the other hand,
if you go after a good brown egg
outlet, you should be able to get
just as much for brown as white
eggs. Yolk color is primarily a
matter of feeding so that you can
produce light colored yolks with
either breed depending on the feed
you use. (4) Broiler prices, as well
as weight at broiler age, would be
greatly to che advantage of New
Hampshires. There is probably an
advantage of IV2 to 2Vi cents per
broiler of the heayy over the light
breed. That would be unless you
can secure a special market and
premium for the small Leghorn
broilers for splitting for banquet use.

(5) Meat prices at the end of the
year would be much in favor of
New Hampsnires and would offset
the extra feed required to grow the
birds. (6) We plan on about 3V2
to 4 sq. ft. of floor space for breed¬
ers such as New Hampshires. We
are aware of the fact that some
Leghorn men pack them into as low
as 2V2 to 3 sq. ft. per bird. You must
weigh these advantages of a light
breed against a heavy breed and
decide on a basis of market require¬
ments of your area. Also you own
personal prefernces enter in, but
only in a minor way.

All Mash Ration; Blue
Comb

Is it possible to feed an all mash
ration to laying hens without the
use of any supplementary feed such
as pellets. Chicks up to six weeks
never grow more evenly than when
on an all mash ration, and I’ve often
wondered why one couldn’t keep on
with this method with older birds. It
would simplify feeding and one could
feel he was feeding a balanced ration.
I always have better luck with lay¬
ers when I feed very light (three to
five pounds) grain per 100 even when
feeding a laying 20 per cent mash so
wondered why a 16 per cent all mash
wouldn’t work. Can you tell me any¬
thing about this pullet disease called
blue comb? My pullets have it, also
the mature hens. It has just about
stopped them from laying in a week.
The whole flock is dull, combs on
some dark, and some have grain
which remains in their crop. I
stopped feeding scratch and thought
it helped to pep them up. c. e. t.

So-called complete mashes, or all
successfuly for laying and breeding

mash rations are being used very
hens. It is, however, the experience
of most feeders that they give best
results when supplemented with a
moist mash or pellets at night. It
is probably largely a matter of get¬
ting more feed into the birds, by any
means possible.

Blue comb or pullet disease, is a
difficult one to treat because its exact
cause is not known. We believe, how¬
ever, that there are several con¬
ditions that cause similar symptoms,
so that unless one knows what he
is dealing with, treatment is not very
satisfactory. Recently, we ran into a
case caused by blackhead. Treatment
was suggested as for blackhead con¬
trol and the birds recovered. Blue
comb is usually accompanied by sour
crop and indigestion. At present the
following are suggested for trial:

(1) Isolate markedly sick birds.
(2) Provide ample fresh, clean
water. (3) Give flock treatment of
mash as follows, (50 parts bran, 50
parts rolled oats, 20 parts molasses).
Give this as a moist mash for three
hours every other day for one week.
(4) Do not flush the birds, as they
are usually already depleted of
water. t. b. c.

Ailing Chickens

May 29th I received 50 White
Wyandottes. In a month many were
sleepy and now they are about three
months old and there are still a few
sleepy. They breath very short for
a day or two and then die. I cut one
open and the gizzarfl was small,
nothing but a little grit and grass.
The liver was thick with white
spots. I am feeding all the sour milk
they can eat, the scratch feed and
the chick starting mash as the feed-
man don’t have the growing mash.
The chickens are running loose.
There are 40 now. They eat about
two or three quarts of mash and
are fat. G. E. H.

White spots on the liver might
indicate, (1) blackhead, (2) cocci-
diosis, (3) tuberculosis, or (4) fowl
typhoid. It is possible that your
chicks might have had coccidiosis,
as that is most important chick
disease between four and 12 weeks
of age. However, as you now have
40 left out of 50, and they are fat,
they must have recovered.

As to the ratio of grain to mash,
usually at 12 to 14 weeks of age the
chickens will be eating as much or
more mash than grain. As they near
maturity they will consume more
grain than mash. Starting mash is
all right to use.

CHICKS

for MORE EGGS
-MORE PROFIT

CATALOG..

Increase your
Egg Produc-
- tion with

HALL’S Chicks — the "Quality Bred”,
line of prolific egg producers. The,
EXTRA VIGOR that makes them
LIVE and LAY will result in'
Greater Egg Profits for you.

All chicks from Pullorum
Free stock by Official State
agglutination test, shipped
prepaid, guaranteed 100%
• live delivery. Order Today.

HALL BROS. HATCHERY, INC.
Box CO, Wallingford, Conn.

WELL BRED from WELL BREEDERS

Our Pens in Double
Lead at Farmingdale (N. Y.) Contes

The Latest Farmingdale report shows our
Ben leading all breeds by a safe margin,
our Second Pen leading the other 98 per
the Contest. An almost unheard of double
Massachusetts- U. S. Pullorum Clean
Chicks Bonded for $500 against B. \
Straight R.l. Red Chicks sired by Adv
K.O.P. males from 240-341 eg g dams
Rock- Red Barred Cross Chicks, the offsprii
Warren's K. I. Red females mated to Adv
K.O.P. Barred Rock Cockerels. A real
purpose cross for meat or eggs.

Sexing Service — Pullets Guar. 95% Acc
Write today for Catalog and Price List
„ J. J. WARREN

Box 20. North Brookfield. Mass.

’Bonded Against

Box

WHITE LEGHORNS
Get More Eggs — Feed Less Hens

All males from 250 egg-record
dams. Officially Pullorum tested.
Write For Free Circular.

DOUGLASS CHAMBERLIN.

R, Cranbury, New Jersey

HOLLAND FARM WHITE HOLLAND TURKEYS

Pullorum CLEAN breeders and poults

_ BELCHERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS

DUCKLINGS

Enrich with

MINERALS

Use u Lime Crest n

CALCITE CRYSTALS

“Lime Crest" Calcite Crystals are important
for making firm, sound egg shells— for maintain¬
ing healthy birds— for strong, sturdy baby chicks.
Whether in large or small crystals, they have
just the right crystalline hardness to permit a
steady supply of minerals.

Enriched Mash Feeds

Many brands of feed are minerally enriched
with Lime Crest" Calcite, your dependable
aid for flock mineral protection.

In addition, keep “Lime Crest” Calcite
Grit before your poultry at all times
to satisfy additional mineral hunger.
Write for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
of America, Box O, Newton, N. J.

JUST A
DASH IN FEATHERS..

OR SPREAD ON

6/6 P/VC. IPCHOKHJ

CASH OB C. O. D. 8tr. Pullet* Ckl*

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) . .$7.00 $12.00 $4.00

Bar. Box & B. I. Beds . 8.00 9.00 8.00

N. H. Reds & Wh. Rox . 8.50 10.00 8.50

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 8.50 7.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R. McAIUtervllle. Pa-

f-vv> OF QilHUTT-CASH QRC.0.D

BLoomnis

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pit*. CkB.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns Special. .$7.00 $13.00 $4.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R. McALISTERVILLE. PA.

HILLSIDE HATCHERY

- THE OLD RELIABLE PLANT—

We hatch all the Leading Breeds for
/U Broilers and egg production. WRITE

1 TV. J TO-DAY for prices and catalog giving
full details of our Flocks. All Breeders
Bloodtested. T. J. EHRENZELLER,
YIN Box R, McALISTERVILLE. PENNA.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshire*. Barred & White Rocks, Leghorn*.
White Cornish. Dark Cornish, Crosses ; Poults. Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTENHOUSE. Rt. 2, Telford. Pa.

Immediate shipment Cash
or C.O.D. Barred and White
Rocks, New Hampshires $9.-100; Heavy Mixed $8.-100.
Prepaid. All Breeders Blood-Tested. Circular FREE.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa,

570

Vkt RURAL NEW-YORKER

October 18, 1941

well FIGHT 'eM

WITH GGGS !

Eggs for the breakfast table mean
energy to build planes and ships and
tanks. We’ll help lick ’em with eggs!

That means produce more eggs.
That means give the hens what it takes
to make eggs. That means, on our Re¬
search Farm, add Dr. Hess Poultry
Pan-A-min to the ration.

Pan-a-min is a two-job product, it
supplies the hen with both tonics and
minerals. Tonics stimulate appetite and
the consumption of feed. Minerals are
as essential to egg production as the
proteins and carbohydrates in grain.

We get as many as 23 extra eggs per
bird per year from our Pan-a-min birds.
We think you’ll get more eggs if you use
Pan-a-min. Will you try it? Go see
your local Dr. Hess Dealer.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Inc.

Ashland, Ohio

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
erotvth. leathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breda.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15.000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

FtOFIT-MED FROM PROVEN STRAINS

NEW HAMPSHIRES. LEGHORNS, R. I. REDS '
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS. CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar. to
3 wka. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sal. Now l to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write tor Catalog A Prices. Hatchet year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Elngar. Owner A Manager.

BOX H. HUDSON. NEW YORK

_ Christie's NEW HAMPSHIRES

SPIZZERINKTUM

jEVEN 45,000 BREEDERS CAN’T
MEET THE DEMAND

for Spizzerinktum Chicks and Hatch¬
ling Eggs. There is every indication
that 1 will be sold out months ahead on
spring delivery dates. To assure the gen¬
uine Spizzerinktum quality, write for
prices now and make reservations im¬
mediately. Catalog free N.H.-U.S. Pullorum Clean —
NO Reactors; New Hampshires — Barred PI. Rocks;
Chris-Cross BARRED Hybrids. Hatches every week the
year, around. Visit my Booth at the NEPPCO Show.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, Kingston, N. H.

Wene^ Chicks

BROILERS- ROASTERS -EGGS

II S East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity

Hatches' Every 1.800,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and BARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept. K-3, VINELAND, N. J.

WHITE ROCK

PLYMOUTH ** V V IV
Baby Chicks $12-100

All Egg3 used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN'S
BOCKS famous for Rapid Growth, Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

Chicks That Live

Our 33 years of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

19 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. i.

Chamberlin

\ y, l ' POULTRY FARMS «

BURRED ROCKS

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers!
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-
tin Poultry Farms, Bx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON. (R) MARCELLUS. NEW YORK

Leghorn Pullets puf"eee

range. From blood tested stock. Vaccinated. Some now
laving. A. H. PENNY, MATTITUCK, NEW YORK

WHY FEED 3 PULLETS
...TO GET ONE EGG/

NcW-IMPROV[D

"lifiiitQciitm

CAPSULES
..NOW GET 4

CECUM WORMS

turn

■•Don’t go
broke feeding
wormy birds. Worms
cause diarrhea, unthriftiness,
low disease resistance
and production. Let
Pratts " Split-Action ”
Capsules help you
l your wormy birds into layers.

Now Pratts " Split-Action ” Capsules are
better than ever. Now they contain the new
"miracle wormer”, — Phenothiazine, — dis¬
covered 95% to 100% effective against cecum
worms. ^

Cecum worms infest nearly every flock.
They carry blackhead germs. In one day, one
infested hen may pass 20,000,000 to 40,000,000
such killers.

Why run this risk, when Pratts "Split-
Action” Capsules now get cecum worms, too,
... at no increase in cost?

Each "Split- Action” Capsule treats several
types of worms. Their patented "Split- Action”
guarantees two separate treatments will be given
each bird — hours apart, ... by one capsule, |
... at one low cost. _ See your dealer. If he
cannot supply, order direct.

Check size and quantity desired. Include check or
money order, and mail to

Pratt Food Co-, Dept. 287

Birds over 18 weeks old
Use Adult Size

Philadelphia, Pa.

Birds 10 to 18 weeks
old Use Chick and
Pullet Size

50 Capsules. .
100 Capsules. .
500 Capsules . .
lOOO Capsules. .

, .Q $0.85
-□ 1.50

. 5.50

, 10.00

• □ $0.55

• □ 1.00

• □ 3.75

• □ 6.50

iLhiitOdiori

" PATENTED

CAPSULES

lit

NATIONAL DEFENSE CALLS FOR

EGGS .... MEAT

Hubbard’S New Hampshires

(flue. you.

both!

Fill your brooder house this fall with'
Hubbard’s New Hampshires direct from
the breeding source. You will get chicks
that live, grow rapidly and mature early.
Pullets become excellent producers. Cock¬
erels develop into heavy meated, solid
broilers. Try a flock. Be con¬
vinced ! Weekly hatches. Send
today for FREE catalog.

Hubbard Farms

Box 12 WALPOLE, N. H.

TOXITE KILLS

Kill red mites, bed bugs, fleas, lice, etc. quickly.
Stop poultry losses now. Spray Disease Away. Sold
by dealers everywhere. Write for free poultry book.

TOXITE LABORATORIES. Box 66. Chestertown, Md.

FOUR HUNDRED MARCH ROCK-RED PULLETS

Some laying 4%-5 lbs. @ $1.50. May It. I. Red Pullets
3%-4 lbs. $1.40. 3-3% lbs. $1.25.

LOVELL GORDON. ESPERANCE. NEW YORK

Publisher’s Desk

I am enclosing a letter I received
from a firm that advertised in the
Erie Times, Erie, Pa. Do you know
anything about them? Are they re¬
liable? I would like to find some
homework, but I have answered
similar advertisements and found
they were faKes. They offer to re¬
turn the $1 soon as $3 has been
earned. Upon receiving instructions,
I might find that I could not do the
work. I see no reason why they could
not tell me how the work is to be
done before sending the dollar, then
I would know if I could do it. Any
information you can give me will
be much appreciated. mrs. b. r.

Pennsylvania

This concern asks for people to
address and mail their catalogues.
It is essential to send one dollar in
advance as an assurance of your
good faith. The dollar is to be re¬
turned when you have earned $3,
but you have to mail 150 catalogues
in order to earn the $3. There is
no assurance to you that they will
send that number to be mailed, or
how long it • will take you to earn
the $3 but the one sure fact is you
must send the one dollar in advance.
We call it an advance fee proposition
and we do not recommend any of
them.

I want to thank you ever so much
for your very wonderful help you
gave be about my little bungalow
and all the advice. You have helped
so many people like myself and 1
know they must feel as grateful as
I do. I wish you all the luck and
success possible, and many a prayer
goes to each one of your staff for
good health. mrs. r. l.

New York

We feel a great pride in a letter
of this kind but with the pride we
are also mindful that without the
help and encouragement of our good
friends we could not keep up this
work. We put ourselves in the
reader’s place and try to give the
help and advice we would like to
get in a similar circumstance.

I received a package of books
C. O. D. $12i58 said to be used
correspondence courses from Chica¬
go. After inspection I returned
them as unsatisfactory to a party in
Chicago who owed me $9.90. He de¬
livered them over to the company
and they sent me a check for $4.26
advising that the difference was
charged to rental fee. Please see if
you can get the balance for me?

Texas t. p. f.

The concern would only allow the
amount paid as an exchange value
if a new order were placed.
Otherwise a rental charge would be
made. As this was the condition in
the guarantee no better adjustment
could be obtained.

I wish to thank The Rural New-
Yorker for the time and cost which
you gave so freely in helping me
out. It is the only paper in the
world that I know that will do these
things. May God bless the staff of
the R. N.-Y. and make them prosper¬
ous forever so victims like myself
may have a place to turn for help
after they have become victims of
the greed of others. b. e. t.

New York

The disputed matter involved re¬
turn of a document, valuable and
necessary to the reader, which re¬
turn had been ordered by a court.
We are pleased to have had a part
in straightening out the difficulty
and feel ourselves well paid in the
generous thanks recorded above.

We have had inquiries about the
Crown Hill Cemetery proposition for
some years back. In some cases
burial lots were sold and later the
purchasers were asked to deed the
lots back in exchange for stock. We
did not like the plan and told our
readers so. The record now is that
operators and salesmen of the
Crown Hill Cemetery, also known as
First Refunding Corporation, Cleve¬
land, Ohio, have been sentenced for
mail fraud and conspiracy. Some of
the principals were also convicted for
mail fraud in Chicago for partici¬
pation in the operation of the First
Commonwealth Trustees, which was
another agency selling cemetery lots
for investment. One of the group
appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court
but he has oeen taken into custody
to start serving the sentence.

Your records will show that I
have advertised in your paper over
a period of years, and now wish to
present a claim against Gallagher
and Stevick, 43 So. Washington St.,
Wilkes Barre, Pa., for Pine Cones.
They have never acknowledged re¬
ceiving these cones or made one
single reply regarding this trans¬
action. A draft was returned un¬
honored with notations to bank “we
will remit this party direct” and
they never have done so. A registered
letter was sent. They signed the
receipt but have never replied other¬
wise. Can you do anything towards
collecting this account? a. n.

Delaware

Here is an order for $143.25 of
goods which was promptly and care¬
fully filled. No acknowledgment was
made of receipt of goods; no re¬
sponse to requests for payment and
a draft simpiy brought a promise to
pay which was not kept. It is fair
to assume from the entire history
of the transaction that there never
was any intention to pay for the
goods. Our demands for payment or
some explanation for the delay were
completely ignored. Further com¬
ment is unnecessary, but the record
speaks for itself and definitely puts
Gallagher and Stevick in the class
of dealers who deliberately evade
responsibility.

I would like to have some infor¬
mation on the Diesel Engine School
of William Penn Institute, 133 No.
Duke St., Lancaster, Penna. The
tuition is $105 to be paid with appli¬
cation and one of the agents wants
my son to enroll in their class. It
looks fishy to me but I would like
your opinion. w. l. l.

Pennsylvania

Several inquiries and complaints
were received against this so-called
school during the past four years
and we advised caution as the
claims were extravagant and the
school did not seem to be well estab¬
lished. Our caution is well founded
as Charles Van Doren has just re¬
ceived a suspended sentence of one
year and a fine of $1,000 on a charge
of defrauding some 185 young people
through the operation of fake schools
in southeastern Pennsylvania, Mary¬
land and Delaware. Van Doren
opened schools for training persons
to operate Diesel engines. The
schools, however, closed after tu¬
itions were paid. It is said only one
student ever got his money back.
The students came mainly from
suburban districts and farms.

The Rochester Better Business
Bureau reports that a Mrs. Dolan
(alias Mrs. O’Brien) collected money
for various magazines at “bargain”
prices. Mrs. Dolan is said to travel
with Forrest Branham who has used
many aliases all over the country.
They claimed to represent American
News, Inc., 619 No. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago, Ill. The receipts used are
fake printed receipts on a non¬
existent company and full proceeds
are pocketed for their own use.

We have not heard from the
party who owes us some money, but
we wish to thank you for trying to
collect this bill for us. After read¬
ing about the wonderful things you
do for people, we know you did the
best you could. d. h.

New York

This was a personal loan to a
salesman, and it is difficult to
collect such accounts but we use
just as much pressure as for larger
accounts. We sometimes reproach
ourselves for not effecting a settle¬
ment, and feel as bad as our readers
when we fail; but it is gratifying to
know our readers realize we did our
best to collect a bad debt for them.

The lawyers for the Larkin Com¬
pany explain again that there are
so many claims entered it will take
some time to get the accounts
straightened out. It is hoped that
eventually all goods will be delivered
and all refunds made; but it will take
time.

A conspiracy charge on two counts
of an indictment has been made
against Reed G. McDougall, Flush¬
ing, L. I. secretary of the Mayfair
Potteries, Ltd., of Carrollton, Ohio.
He pleaded guilty. The indictment
charges McDougall and the com¬
pany and its officers with use of the
mails to defraud in the sale of stocks.

WRIGHT’S HEALTH UNDERWEAR

WRIGHT’S UNDERWEAR CO.

345 Broodway - New York

Buy WRIGHT’S Underwear For Christmas

Subscribers’ Exchange

Eate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, Including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy mast reach os Thnrsday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance oi date of issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) 1b admitted.

j Farms For Sale, To Rent, Etc.

FREE LIST, dairy, fruit, poultry farms.

CONNECTICUT REALTY COMPANY,
Southington, Conn.

FLORIDA PLANTATION for sale, ideal for
stock raising and growing of corn, po¬
tatoes, tobacco and cotton; mild climate
and long growing season, producing two
crops per year; offers unusual opportunity,
for aggressive and wide-awake farmers.
2,200 acres, wonderful rich soil, red clay
foundation, producing prize winning crops;
850 acres cleared for farming, balance in
young growing timber, 4 miles street front¬
age, price only $12 per acre, reasonable
terms. Apply to CHAS. G. WOODBRIDGE,
(owner), 77 Central Ave., Lynn, Mass.

FOR SALE: Nicely situated 84 acre farm
on macadamized road, 7 room house,
electricity, concrete cow stable, stock, tools,
everything on farm. Particulars, owner
GEO. H. MITCHELL, R. D. 2, Middleburgh,
N. Y. (Schoharie County).

WELL PAYING dairy farm, 235 acres,
about 22 miles from Hartford, Conn., with
stock and tools for sale. Price $8,800, cash
$5,900. ADVERTISER 2452, care Rural New-
Yorker.

SALE, CASH, 4 room bungalow, electricity,
running water; near church, school and
beaches. Write for particulars. FRED
DONALDSON, Tuckahoe, N. J.

FOR SALE Chicken farm, 5 acres, 5 room
house, bath, heat, running water, elec¬
tric light, 1.500 White Leghorns, 110x20 ft.
house with feed house, 2 60x20 ft. 2 brood¬
er houses, 5 colony houses, breeders and
incubators. G. GROSS, Box 281, Route 1,
Laureldale, Mays Landing, N. J.

$7,000 CASH will secure deed to farm, 300
acres, crops if taken at once, excellent
buildings, hot and cold water in house
and barn. BOX 286, R. D. 1, Gloversville,
New York.

WANTED — 50 acre farm within 135 miles
New York City. Good house, electricity,
water supply. Accessible. Convenient school.
About $3,000; terms. BEHRINGER, 114
First St„ Yonkers, N. Y.

WANTED — Poultry farm, 10-25 acres, 7-8
room dwelling, modern improvements,
equipped for 1,500 layers; about 75-100
miles from New York City, preferablv in
New York State. State price wanted. GROSS,
1858 West 4th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

72 ACRES good farm land, 10 room house,
electricity, barns; Monmouth County, near
Tri County market. $8,500. 446 Westminister
Ave., Elizabeth, N. J.

WANT SMALL farm, about four room
house, $1,000 cash full price. State full
particulars. ADVERTISER 2531, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FLORIDA DAIRY and retail route for sale.

Would consider an exchange for good farm
further north. ADVERTISER 2536, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED ■ — 10-20 acres, water woods;

Orange, Ulster; about $500. Owner may
remain premises. ADVERTISER 2538, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MODERN POULTRY farm, 1,800 capacity,
7 room house, oil burner. Stock about
500 layers, 500 ready to lay pullets. $3,500
cash, $4,000 mortgage. No brokers. P. O.
BOX 110-B, Vineland, N. J.

RENT NOMINAL, old Massachusetts farm to
experienced man if house rebuilt; long
lease. ADVERTISER 2550, care Rural
New-Yorker.

BROILER FARM, 3(4 acres, all clear, six
room house, garage sheds, four new coops
capacity 10,000 broilers per year; macadam
road; with equipment $2,200, terms.
STEPHAN STANKOVICH, Brookville, N. J.

FOR SALE: Good productive 118 acre farm,
lots of evergreen trees, silo, etc, Indian-
town Gap. Hard road, adjoining military
reservation. ADVERTISER 2553, care Rural
New-Yorker.

GENTLEMAN’S FARM, 120 acres, near
Middletown, N. Y. 150 year Colonial
house, 9 rooms, 2 baths, 4 fireplaces, hot
air furnace, city conveniences, el. cooking
and water heater, 2 porches; 3 room beauti¬
ful cottage; large modern barn; well worked
dairy-farm; 2 acre lake, river. $17,000.
MRS. O. MATHIESEN, Winterton, N. Y.
Telephone Middletown 7-4551.

59 ACRE farm, water, electricity, trout
stream; ideal summer boarding house, lo¬
cated in Poconos; $3,500. Must sell because
of death. MRS. ADAM MILLER, Green-
town, Pa.

WANTED TO rent, house or small farm.

$10 per month; within 25 miles of Albany.
ADVERTISER 2554, care Rural New-Yorker.

15 ACRES, beautiful 14 room house, garage,
tennis courts, shade, shrubbery, etc.
Situated on main road, 84 miles from New
York; wonderful location for tourist inn.
Low price, easy terms. Owner, SAMUEL
DEUEL, Pine Plains, N. Y.

GOOD HOME with established poultry
plant, 1,000 oroiler monthly capacity, 25
acre pullet range. ROWSE, Great Barring¬
ton, Mass.

FOR SALE: By owner, equipped medium¬
sized dairy and poultry, state road farm;
Otsego County. Excellent house, good barn
and henhouse; never failing spring water,
electricity, high grade dairy, good team.
ADVERTISER 2559, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: For productive, close to mar¬
ket, long growing season, Maryland or
Virginia stock, dairy, fruit or gentlemans’
farms, write ARDELLE KITCHEN, 3341
Frederick Ave., Baltimore, Md.

ORANGE COUNTY, New York, 200 acre
dairy, poultry stock, beef cattle farm,
river, woods, $3,900. Modern dairy farm,
two homes, 140 acres. $11,000. 250 acre

gentlemans lake, dairy farm, $25,000. “DOC”
BENTON, Otisville, N. Y. Farms and
stores.

GENTLEMAN’S ESTATE, practical farm,
424'4 acres, southside Virginia, produc¬
tive land, delightful climate, good markets.
Growing timber. Colonial house, 1808; in
family over 100 years. Owner’s death com¬
pels sale. MARY DICKINSON, Burkeville,
Virginia.

MOUNTAIN HIDEAWAY: 50 acres, accessi¬
ble, wooded, spring streams, near famous
mountain resort, surrounded by vast acre¬
age of deer and other game. $1,000; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

IDLEASE FARM: 165 acres, 10 room dwell¬
ing, electricity, cow and horse barn,
granary, garage, shed, 2-story hennery, silo,
225 apple trees, 2,000 grapes, woods, spring
streams, purebred dairy, pedigreed sire, 2
horses, machinery, crops, 100 fowls. Low
taxes. Unusual bargain. Price, $7,500; terms.
O. S. JANSEN, Wallkill, N. Y.

FOR RENT: Six room apartment, all im¬
provements; garden. Sullivan County. $12
monthly. ADVERTISER 2566, care Rural
New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 70 acres of rich level fertile
land, 40 miles west of Rochester in Orleans
County; on good improved rood, only 1(4
miles from highway 104; 50 acres tillable,
good well. Price $1,200, $300 down or will
take $1,000 cash. MYLES BYER, R. 1,
Seneca Falls, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE: Ten room house occupied
as furnished rooms. $100 a month income.
Three rooms for personal use. Would like
to exchange on account of ill health for a
farm or small road house about 15 acres of
land with about 10 room house; must be
near bathing. MRS. HERING, 215 Garden
St., Hoboken, N. J.

BRIGHTWATERS FARM, Long Island. 7
acres; also 25 acres, bargain. BOVES
owner, R. F. D. No. 1, Bayshore, L. I.

WANTED VICINITY Winsted, Connecticut,
small farm at least 10 acres, suitable
truck, gardening. Write complete details to
ADVERTISER 2579, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE: Beauty parlor, doing $1,200
monthly; central New York State. Large
industrial town 100,000. Will exchange for
going boarding house in country. Value
$8,500. ADVERTISER 2582, care Rural New-
Yorker.

EXCHANGE SPECIALIZED garage business
in Westchester for farm on state road.
Inventory value about $9,000. Will arrange
terms. ADVERTISER 2586, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SMALL FARM wanted within 50 miles.
New York City; reasonable. ADVERTISER
2588, care Rural New-Yorker.

BORDERING RIVER, lake near, 142 acres,
eight room house, barn, silo; $1,600, cash
$700. Many others. STARKWEATHER,
Grand St., Oneonta, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Gas station, body-fender shop;

village. New six room house. Fine busi¬
ness. Bargain, account illness. ADVER¬
TISER 2590, care Rural New-Yorker.

AN OPPORTUNITY for respectable people
to have a gentlemen’s farm, two good
houses, cattle barn, henhouse, trout stream,
apple orchard. Secluded. Beautiful view.
Near Pawling, N. Y. Will sell or rent.
Sacrifice at $12,000. Rent $600 a year. Write
BOX 187, Port Chester, N. Y.

FARM — 336 acres, 85 cattle, equipped, large
income; easy terms. Farm 100 acres,
equipped, 20 cattle; $1,000 down. C. M.
DOUGLAS, Fort Plain, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Ideal gentleman’s farm, country
home, 170 acres; two hours New York.
Wonderful location, view; large house and
barn; modem improvements, excellent
buildings. Price $40,000. ADVERTISER 2584,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO lease, small place with all
improvements, suitable for chicken farm,
etc. Connecticut preferred. ADVERTISER
2593, care Rural New-Yorker.

RENT DAIRY farm, 12 rooms, 75 acres level;

Cherry Valley, N. Y. Good outbuildings,
silos, milk cooler, electricity. Reasonable.
BASIL WILCOX, R. D. No. 3, Cherry Valley,
New York.

Help Wanted

WANTED — Woman for kennel work, ex¬
perienced, private kennel; or couple.
Full particulars in first letter. ADVER¬
TISER 2483, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORK, small family,
private room; $30 month. HENRY L.
NIELSEN, Warwick, N. Y. Telephone
Warwick 160.

WANTED — Men and women attendants in
State Institution for mental defectives,
between 18 and 45 years; good physical
condition. United States citizen, and resi¬
dents of New York State. $54 per month and
maintenance. Write. SUPERINTENDENT,
Letchworth Village, Thiells, N. Y„ send¬
ing references from previous employer.

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows.

Wages $60, room, board. RARITAN
VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

COUPLE FOR poultry farm, on percentage
basis. Man must be handy with tools,
driver’s license; exceptional opportunity for
the right people. Wife for housework.
Living quarters, five rooms; all improve¬
ments. Give details of experience past 10
years. References exchanged. ADVERTISER
2527, care Rural New-Yorker.

TWO WHITE men, middleaged; no liquor;

to work in riding stable; $45, room and
board. W. L. WINCKLER, R. D. 1,
Westfield, N. J.

HANDY MAN, outside, some inside, no
stock. State age, religion, salary. A. C.
CROFT, Essex, Conn.

WANTED — Correspondence with experienced
farmhand wishing work. ADVERTISER
2532, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED - Middleaged houseworker. Con¬

genial home, small adult family. Modern
conveniences, own bedroom adjoining bath¬
room; $25 monthly. MATTISON, 118 Union
St., Montclair, N. J.

POULTRYMAN WANTED, sincere and trust¬
worthy, to operate poultry farm in Mary¬
land on share basis. ADVERTISER 2533.
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED COUPLE for country home near
New York. Wife, general housework,
cooking; man gardener and handyman.
Permanent home, pleasant surroundings.
State age, references, salary desired. AD¬
VERTISER 2534, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN — Battery broiler plant, com¬
plete charge. ADVERTISER 2535, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HELP WANTED: Middleaged couple, gener¬
al work: small farm, one cow, some
driving. Woman, cook and housework.
Separate furnished modern cottage provided.
Give references experience and wages.
MRS. E. M. CRONE, South Coventry, Conn.

COUPLE — Long Island, handyman, gardener.

One cow, chickens. Woman houseworker.
Separate living quarters. State salary
wanted. ADVERTISER 2539, care Rural
New-Yorker.

Livo Poultry Wauted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS!
S. MEYER &. SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St„ New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin, Low-down Toilet. Complete with Chromium
Fittings Ready to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue K. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third Ave., New York

BOLLS DEVELOPED BBS

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE. LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43*G, Albany, N. Y,

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25c roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS, Box 2255, PATERSON. N. J.

Whiskey Barrels emptied. Fine for

cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each; 2 for $7.00.
Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.

Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS !ak“!VSS:

CASH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, 111.

HOGSHEADS FOR ALL FARM PURPOSES

Heads dropped inside. Capacity 120 gallons. $2.00 for
one; $1.50 each for two or more, F.O.B. New York.

HENRY A. THORNDIKE. Newport. Rhode Island

WANTm Canaries. Males; females. Write A. Blind,
if Hll 1 El/ 151.73 |8 Ave., Whitestone, New York

CIDER APPLES WANTED

Palmer’s Mill, Cos Cob, Conn. Tel. Greenwich 1582

rf~’ A RT1\I V AfIC Seasoned, for sale at

great bargain. Build your
log cabin now. Grand for summer camp or all year
home. Can deliver by truck within three hundred miles.

Estate of J. B. BURNHAM. KEESEVILLE. N. Y.

WANTED TO buy poultry farm on reason¬
able terms; within 75 miles of New York
City. Give full particulars. ADVERTISER
2546, care Rural New-Yorker.

MODERN INTENSIVE dairy, poultry farm
and grand home. Central Massachusetts.
High elevation, overlooks large lake and
countryside. 234 acres, private pond. 11 room
comparatively new bungalow type house,
modern improvements, steam heat. 150 ft.
hay barn, 140 ft. cow stable, poultry house
and other buildings. $8,500; terms. FEDERAL
LAND BANK. Springfield, Mass.

ORANGE COUNTY, New York, dairy, poul¬
try, truck farm, 93 acres, good buildings,
black dirt, electricity, telephone, water; easy
terms. $5,000. “DOC” BENTON, Otisville,
N. Y. Farms.

POULTRY FARM, hatchery, 16,000 incubator
capacity. Modern buildings, fully stocked
with 4,000 hens; running water in build¬
ings and on range; retail egg route, 12
brooder houses, 6 electric battery brooders,
tractor and tools, numerous other articles.
ADVERTISER 2543, care Rural New-Yorker.

CHICKEN FARM for sale or rent. JACOB
SMIT, Selden, Long Island, N. Y.

100 ACRES, Jersey dairy, $300 milk checks.

Good buildings, machinery, crops; $8,000.
Others. BUNNELL AGENCY, Walnut St.,
Oneonta, N. Y.

WANTED — Big farm, by honest and ex¬
perienced farmer, to lease or share, option
to buy with 40 acres tillage. Stocked, near
state road. New Hampshire, Vermont or
Eastern New York. Will buy team. HUBERT
DOIRON, Franklin, N. H.

WANTED — Five to 10 acres on main high¬
way, within 60 miles Philadelphia. Must
be reasonable. All details in first letter.
Pennsylvania preferred. ADVERTISER 2549,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Small house, 2 to 5 acres,
stream, drinking water on property, trees,
view, secluded, GRILLY, 4711 Snyder Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

MIDDLEAGED COUPLE, farm bred, man
help on farm, wife in house. Must be neat,
pleasant. Large farm, other help. Owner
widower, no family. Have cottage, good
home. PORTER FEAREY, Hopewell, N. J.

PLEASANT, RELIABLE, healthy young
woman wanted for work on large modern
dairy farm. Purebred Jerseys. Must he ex¬
perienced milker and not under 21. Write
fully and state experience first letter. THE
HERMITAGE, Germantown, N. Y.

COUPLE WANTED, man assistant herds¬
man, wife to do some light housework.
Good wages, house with steam heat, elec¬
tricity, bathroom, hot water furnished.
Permanent position. State experience and
expected wages in first letter. PEACE
DAIRY FARM, Lebanon, N. J.

work, private school, Philadelphia suburb.
Man watchman and cleaning; woman sew¬
ing. Sleep out, $90 monthly. ADVERTISER
2541, care Rural New-Yorker.

- - — utaiL hh general iarm

work, good hand milker, good with
horses. No boozer. Prefer one with license
to drive. State wages first letter. DAVID
H. EARL, Halcottville, N. Y.

xarm. uooa maker and teamster; wife to
. bhou.se. No tenant house. Good wages
ADVERTISER 2544, care Rural New-Yorker!

J adults in. famly. Good country home
ADVERTISER 2545. care Rural New-Yorker!

WANTED — Responsible woman to cook and

do general housework, year round ir
J “Toyman’s home; modem conveniences
MRS. E. S. FORD, Sparta, N. J.

CAN YOU handle this job? I just pur¬

chased a dairy farm of over 300 acres
about 40 miles south of Buffalo, near to
one of the finest rural communities in New
York State. This was, at one time, one
of the finest dairy farms in the community,
but it has been idle for about four years.
I am now repairing the barn and will
soon build a house and arrange for elec¬
tricity, etc. I need a man who is a work¬
ing dairy farm manager and herdsman with
a proven successful record of several years’
standing in the purebred Holstein field.
This job is available now — starting from
scratch slowly and patiently to build up
an outstanding herd. Can you fill this job?
Write me your full history; salary desired,
your references and telephone number.
ADVERTISER 2548, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married men, experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milkers; good wages
to those who qualify. Apply or write im¬
mediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM,
Lebanon, N. J.

WANTED — Single industrious sober man,
for dairy farm; state wages. MILTON
SATTERTHWAITE, Woodside, Pa.

MAN WANTED to do light work on farm
and help with poultry; experience un¬
necessary. BOX 614, Kauneonga Lake,
Sullivan County, New York.

WOMAN FOR housework and cooking, farm
home, every convenience; small adult
family. Give age, full particulars, wages
expected, references. MRS. M. C. DIEMAND,
Buckingham, Pa.

WANTED — Single man, dairy farm work.

milking. No drinking or smoking. Wages
$45 monthly, room, board, washing. G. L.
HESELTON, Johnson, Orange County, N. Y.

DELAVAL SINGLE unit operators and
strippers; must handle 55 cows three
times daily; wages $95 per month plus
room and board. ADVERTISER 2555, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Family of two adults, gentleman
home weekends. Require trustworthy
couple for plain cooking, general housework.
Man for handy work, garden and light farm¬
ing. Thoroughly modern living quarters.
Farm located three miles from town and
15 miles from New Haven. State ages, ex¬
perience. nationality and wages expected.
ADVERTISER 2557, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE — Man know gardening on private
estate and milk and tend few goats. Wife
board two paying employees. Comfortable
unfurnished cottage with light and fuel
provided. Wages $100 month. No children.
Location Northern New Jersey. Reply in¬
dicating experience, age and religion. AD¬
VERTISER 2558, care Rural New-Yorker.

BUCKS COUNTY. Pa. Couple for country
place, between Doyles town and Newtown,
occupied summer and week-ends. Woman as
housekeeper and cook. Man for outside
tasks: farming vegetable patch, culti¬

vating flower beds; gardening lawns
and shrubs, operating tractor-mower, driv¬
ing to and from railroad station; making
simple repairs. Don’t answer unless you
both have an affection for the soil and for
growing things and at the same time work
with ability and maintain neatness. AD¬
VERTISER 2560, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, good cook.

light laundry, help two small children;
under 40, cheerful, Protestant, references;
send snapshot. Near Norwalk. Connecticut
$50 to start. ADVERTISER 2561, care
Rural New-Yorker.

PROTESTANT YOUNG girl, houseworker,
doctor’s family, four adults. $40. Refer¬
ence. GREGORY. 112 Maple St., Brooklyn,
New York.

WANTED — Married man between 30 and 40
to operate dairy farm on a percentage or
share basis. Have new buildings on farm
and will lay out cash for cows and ma¬
chinery that may be needed. Farm 100
acres located m Green County. Do not
answer this advertisement unless you are
reliable, trustworthy and know your busi¬
ness. ADVERTISER 2563, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — Young man experienced with
DeLaval milking machines. $50 per month
and board. BOX 368, Caldwell, N. J.

COUNTRY GIRL, housework, experience
unnecessary; dependable; permanent. Two
adults. Modern home. Northern New Jersey.
ADVERTISER 2564, care Rural New-Yorker.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 568.

UT SCIENCE HEIR

CASH IN ON THE NIGH

egg prices

GUARANTEED -TIE IUNE
,043 BYTHE"U.S. TOGO
. t, DR DEFENSE” PEAN

With its Magic Eye, Pratt Scientists

Feed Ingredients^

Produce!

More tags'

HE U. S., . . . Arsenal of Democracy, . . . now is its "egg basket,” too.
All who resist aggression look to you for eggs.

Government asks 300,000,000 extra dozens be produced in 1941. The U. S. Gov¬
ernment says : "Production can be stepped-up quickly by better feeding. . . And,
to make it worth your while, they guarantee high egg prices till June, 1943!

So, Pratts guarantee each bag of PRATTS LAYING MASH will help put your
birds into "all-out production” and to keep them there.

That’s no guess, ... no boast, ... no advertising claim, . . . but positive knowledge

Sained from giving every PRATT LAYING MASH ingredient a scientific third
egree. Here’s one example: —

It takes 900 units of vitamin A to make one egg, if the hen is to stay healthy
and in laying trim.

Take alfalfa, ... a splendid source of vitamin A. Here’s two samples. They look
alike, . . . cost the same, . . . their guaranteed analyses are identical. No feed man
alive could see a difference. Yet one contains:

10 to 15 units of vitamin A per gram
the other 90 to over 100 units per gram
As an egg maker, one is 6 times better than the otherl
That’s why Pratt scientists put Pratt ingredients through the Colorimeter. With
its magic eye, they accurately measure the vitamin A content of ingredients. And
PRATT LAYING MASH ingredients are scientifically x-rayed in many other ways.
Vitamin G and D potency is established. Fatty acid tests are run. Science’s search¬
light is turned on each ingredient. Result! . . . PRATTS LAYING MASH, . . .
"America’s Greatest Egg Maker.”

With malice towards none, we say, ... no home-made, ... no locally-made, . . .
but, only controlled feed, like PRATTS LAYING MASH, can guarantee plenty of
eggs in every bag today, tomorrow, any day !

Your job, . . . your opportunity, ... is to get every egg you can. ^ — ■ '

Ours, ... to make a feed that WILL produce them. Pratts DO
their job. Feed Pratts and you’ll do yours !

See your dealer. Demand PRATTS LAYING **

MASH and be sure your egg baskets
will be full again tomorrow ! ^ «*•* *'

^ ^ oeP*

If Dealer
Cannot Supply
— Send Coupon
for

Full Details!

vjaf'

OeP

y*.<-

, . .

An Adventure in Turkeys

One evening in early August it
was my pleasure to visit the Bonnie
Bank Turkey Farm, located about
a mile from Washington, N. J., in
what is called Jackson Valley. The
owner, Mr. William Rejaunier-, was
only too glad to show me his plant
and tell about his venture into the
White Holland turkey business.

Mr. and Mrs. Rejaunier lived in
Hackensack for 20 years and for
30 years he had been an active sales¬
man in the big city, selling rubber
roofing, shingles and such supplies
until along came “old man de¬
pression.” Both were toed of the
noise and grind of city life and
thought something in the agriculture
line would be of benefit not only
in health but financially. So they
began looking over farm projects and
White Holland turkeys looked good
to them because they dressed more
meat, are of natural creamy color,
have no pin feathers and their meat
is sweeter than other types. Libra¬
ries were consulted for books on
breeding this kind of turkey and
also the ‘N. J. Agriculture Depart¬
ment. Then began a tour of the
Jersey Coast, gradually going farther
inland until they reached Warren
County. In November, 1939, they
came to Washington and with a real
estate agent drove through Jackson
Valley until they came to a 30 acre
farm which seemed an ideal place;
they soon closed the deal but did
not move in until April, 1940. The
winter months were spent in getting
information about dealers in White
Holland stock, locating concerns
selling feed and other supplies need
for such a business.

When talking about the country,
his wife had said “Well, Bill, if we
do this thing, let’s make it an adven¬
ture. Let’s go at it in that spirit-get
some fun out of it. We can if we
think* so.”

And so the move was made in a
spirit of adventure, but before many
weeks had passed sorrow came into
the home as the wife was called to
the country from whence there is
no return. But having begun the
adventure, Mr. Rejaunier has not
faltered, and carries on as planned
in the beginning.

But the real visit to the plant was
still in prospect and as the sun was
sinking in the west we began a tour
of the buildings. The study given to
turkeys before starting in business
came in good use when Mr. Rejaunier
purchased his initial stock of hatch¬
ing eggs from Henry W. Domes of
Rickreal, Oregon, paying 50 cents for
each egg. Mr. Rejaunier is con¬
vinced his judgment was sound in
this case as stock of Mr. Domes has
won many prizes, even world
championship. The male birds cost
$16 each and of course there was
considerable investment in incuba¬
tors, brooding houses, and wire
porches. We saw the cleaning and
dressing rooms, the shipping depart¬
ment for eggs and dressed birds;
one could see this was a regular
business plant.

Mr. Rejaunier explained the con¬
finement method in detail which only
shows what scientific knowledge,
used with plain common sense, can
do. Imagine 1,200 turkeys, all snow
white, fluttering about and you get
a bit of the picture seen every day
at Bonnie Bank Farm. The turkeys
are all raised above ground, the
younger ones in brooder houses
having sheet metal floorings; as they
develop, they are transferred to pens
or “porches” having wire floors
which are raised about three feet
from the ground. The wire floorings
permit the droppings to go down to
the ground where they are easily re¬
moved, and also make for better
ventilation underneath the birds. A
roof is erected over part of each pen
and perches are placed in this pro¬
tected portion, but allow plenty of
sunlight for the birds. Each full
sized turkey has six square feet of
room and each house is equipped with
drinking fountains in which the
water running constantly is always
clean and fresh. Each cage is about
400 feet square and holds from 50
to 60 birds. A properly balanced diet
is fed and kept dry in long contain¬
ers which have an overlapping roof
so feed is never wet by storms.

We had a look through the
windows of a brooder house in which
was a batch of poults. These were
24 hours old and that day several
dozen had been sold to people from
a distance. A total of 250 poults are

hatched every week, as this is a year
round business. Ordinarily, it takes
28 days for a turkey to hatch and
the regulation of temperature and
moisture in the incubators needs al¬
most constant attention. Mr.
Rejaunier uses a system of rotation,
so many days or weeks in the brood¬
er room then promotion to another
pen with a change of feed and as
growth continues they are moved to
other compartments and given feed
required by their age. By giving
close attention to details there is
very little loss from disease, which
is a great saving.

The friends I was with were so
impressed by this time that they
ordered an eight pound bird for de¬
livery the next day. This led to the
question of markets. Mr. Rejaunier
said that last year he raised about
1,000 turkeys and this year expected
1,500 with an increase next year to
2,000, which is looking ahead quite
a bit. One hatchery took all the sur¬
plus eggs and paid a two-cent pre¬
mium per egg because of their
fertility. The bulk of the sales are
at Thanksgiving, Christmas and
New Years but this year there has
been a sizable demand for turkeys
nearly every day in the week. During
the Summer, many road house
stands are specializing in turkey
sandwiches which has increased the
demand for medium-sized birds.
All sales are direct to customers,
many of whom stop at the plant
and wait till the bird is dressed.
The birds are picked, drawn and
singed and oven ready and it only
takes a short time to cook these
birds, a great saving in fuel. The
bulk is marketed at 16 weeks of age
with the weight running from 10 to
12 pounds. It was interesting to
learn that all birds are tattooed with
a number which is registered with
the State Police for identification —
this aids in case of theft.

* As we were getting into the car
I thought of another question. “Are
there any side products?” “Yes,” re¬
plied Mr. Rejaunier, “one large city
store has gone in for smoked turkeys
at about $1.27 a pound or more if
sliced, turkey soup and smoked
turkey pate de foie gras.” He has not
yet ventured into these lines but
has a good market for White Holland
feathers which are used in millinery
and in making women’s evening
coats. Last year feathers brought 50
cents per pound.

On my way home a picture of
grandma’s rusty colored turkeys,
small, undersized birds, roaming the
fields and roosting in trees came to
mind. Even when shut up the Fall
and fed grain for the • Christmas
dinner, their flesh was certainly
much different from the White
Holland birds I had just seen.

New Jersey mrs. h. d. w.

Yards vs. Close Housing

We bought a farm last year which
had not been run for several years
and the henyard had grown up to
blackberries. We took down the
fence and let our hens run. We have
about 250 laying pullets. The hen¬
house is large and in good condition.
It would be impossible to move it
so they must use the same range
year after year. Our pullets have
been there since they were six weeks
old, since they out grew the brooder.
We plan to plow the ground this
Fall and would like to know what
crop would be best to sow?

New York a. w. f.

Yards versus confinement is the
problem you have to decide. In many
sections, especially New England, it
is the practice to keep hens con¬
fined to the laying house after they
are housed. This makes it possible
to avoid the use of contaminated
yards year alter year.

If is seems desirable to allow the
birds to use the yard, and if you
cannot maintain a good sod, it would
be better to cultivate the yard
regularly. This can be accom¬
plished by sowing rye this Fall for
pasture early next Spring. Then
daring the Spring and Summer
harrow the yard and every two ox-
three weeks seed oats. They will
provide green food and exercise for
the birds. It is also possible that
Ladino clover might be used for
seeding the yard.' We would be in¬
terested to hear from any readers
who have had satisfactoi-y experience
in seeding down hen yards.

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publij
333 W. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty CeB

November 1, 1941

Re-entered as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936, at the Post
Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Photo — Chas. L. Rundell, Chatham, N. Y.

Punsit Creek and Crow Hill Bridge Near Spencertown, New York

r. EXTRA TRACTION

•*

UP to 215 EXTRA INCHES OF traction

BAR LENGTH PER
TRACTOR MEANS:

GREATER TRACTION AND FUEL _

SAVINGS

The real measure of
traction in any tractor tire is its
traction bar length — and Firestone
Ground Grip Tires have up to 215
extra inches of traction bar length
per tractor. That means more fuel
saved — as much as one gallon of
fuel free for every seven used.

BETTER CLEANING— Any tractor
tire will give good traction in dry
soil. But what you want is a tractor
tire that won’t slip, waste fuel and
bog down in mud or soft sod. In the
patented Firestone Ground Grip
Tread there are no mud traps — no
unconnected bars which collect
trash and mud.

LONGER WEAR — Every traction
bar is heavily buttressed and triple-
braced. There are no unsupported
bars which wobble and wipe, and
lose their sharp, biting edges.
Triple-braced traction bars are a
patented feature found only on
Firestone Ground Grip Tires.

★ ★ ★

For superior performance insist on
Firestone Ground Grip Tires on
your new tractor. Mail the coupon
today and get the “Down to Earth
Facts About Tractor and Implement
Tires.”

074

The RURAL. NEW-YORKER

November 1, 1941

Sunlight and fresh air are material
aids in killing germs. It is advisable
to let the disinfected stable dry
thoroughly before using it again. If
the stock can be removed to another
stable and leave the disinfected stable
and stalls unoccupied for two or
three weeks or more it will help in
ridding the place of most disease pro¬
ducing organisms.

Whitewashing is of some benefit,
but slaked lime is not as effective
as chloride of lime. If chloride of lime
commercial bleaching powder is used
it should be fresh and be obtained
from a sealed container. Otherwise
it may have lost considerable of the
beneficial germ killing properties. A
five per cent strength is generally
recommended as being effective, this
may be made by mixing six ounces
of chloride of lime in one gallon of
water. It has been found effective
and desirable to mix six ounces of
the chloride of lime with each gallon
of ordinary lime wash, commonly
used for whitewashing stables. If
the chloride of lime is used as men¬
tioned the stable should be kept free
of livestock until it has thoroughly
dried. There are several excellent
chlorine preparations sold commer¬
cially, such as Diversy and B. K.,
which may be purchased or ordered
through local druggist, these are very
effective when applied as a spray
when mixed in accordance with di¬
rections as given on their containers.

If it is desired to disinfect the
ceiling and cracks or places difficult
of access then it will be desirable
to fumigate. In such cases it will be
necessary to be sure the barn or
building to be fumigated is tightly
closed. No open cracks, seams or
windows can be permitted or the
benefit from fumigation will be lost.
Fumigation is somewhat dangerous,
both from the reaction of the ma¬
terials used and from the gases liber¬
ated. A good method and one of the
safest is to place about six pounds
of chloride of lime in a heavy metal
container, an old iron kettle is well
suited, make a hollow place in the
center of the lime and pour in two
pints of crude acid, either carbolic
or sulphuric. Place the recpectacle
where it can not boil over on any¬
thing or set anything on fire, because
a heavy reaction follows with heat.
Get out of the building immediately
and keep it tightly closed for 24
hours. Put a sign on all doors, reading
“danger and poisonous fumigation.”
The chlorine gas liberated is very
irritating, but would not kill or cause
severe injury if breathed in small
amounts. The gas liberated from the
amounts of material mentioned is
sufficient for disinfecting 5,200 cubic
feet of air space.

Using the same precautions effec¬
tive fumigation may also be made if
Formalin is poured on top of per¬
manganate of potassium. Each 1,000
cubic of air space will require the
use of 17 ounces of powdered or
crystallized permangnate of po¬
tassium, preferably placed in a wide¬
surfaced metal container, and then
pour 20 ounces of formalin on it.

The various coal-tar disinfectants
are also effective when correctly
mixed and properly applied.

Contaminated ground may be dis¬
infected effectively and cheaply by
burning brush or straw over the
area involved. Quick lime may also
be applied, the application of a dis¬
infectant mixture is also indicated.

R. W. Duck

Increased Tomato Crop

A 50 * Qr cent increase this year
in New York’s crop of tomatoes for
processing is indicated by figures
made public by the Department of
Agriculture. More beets for canning
are indicated, too, but there will be
less cabbage for kraut.

Seven thousand acres were planted
this year in cabbage against 6,800
last year. The 1941 average yield of
9.5 tons an acre is down from last
year’s yield of 10.7 tons. The in¬
dicated 1941 crop is 66,500 tons.
Last year it was 72,800 tons. Largest
kraut-cabbage producing State, New
York furnishes a third of the national
supply.

Only 600 additional acres were
planted in tomatoes this year, to
bring the State’s total acreage up to
20,500, but the average yield of nine
tons is next to the highest in the
United States and nearly 50 per cent
higher than the 6.2 tons of 1940. As
a result, it is estimated that New
York has 184,500 tons available for
processing against 123,400 tons last
year. p. b. o.

Disinfecting the Bam

I have a herd of cows that have
mastitis. My stable has a plank floor.
I am going to sell all my cows. Is
it possible to clean up my barn with
this plank floor, and how could I
do this? Are heifers that are to
freshen in the " Spring and are in a
herd of cows now, likely to have
mastitis? J. M.

New York

Heifers are probably somewhat less
susceptible to mastitis than older
females. However, if the causitive
organisms are present and they
bruise an udder or quarter or be¬
come chilled they might become in¬
fected.

Relative to disinfecting it has been
found that crude carbolic acid is
satisfactory and effective, especially

on wood floors, if properly prepared
and applied. General recommen¬
dations are to make about a five to
six per cent solution, using aboi4
seven ounces of the crude carbolic
acid to one gallon of water. Some
prefer to mix crude carbolic with an
equal volume of commercial sul¬
phuric acid, and then use seven
ounces of this mixture per gallon of
water. Both these acids are very
strong and are poison, care should
therefore be exercised in their use
and preparation. If mixed they
should be poured together very little
at a time, and mixed in a heavy
glass container placed in another
container surrounded by cold water.
It is best to keep them and the final
five per cent mixture in a glass

container ,%or if used soon in a wooden
container. Do not use a metal con¬
tainer because of the corroding
properties of these acids.

The stable to be disinfected should
first be thoroughly cleaned, aired and
dried, and then sprayed with the
acid solution, using a force pump.
The smaller hand sprays used for
spraying fruit trees are suitable.
After using the acid solution, clean
water should be run through the
sprayer two or three times to re¬
move the remaining acid from the
machine. If air-slaked lime is added
to the five per cent mixture, using
about one pound of air-slaked lime,
per each gallon of the acid spray
mixture it will leave a cleaner look¬
ing stable, the odor is better, and any
places not properly sprayed become
visible because the sprayed areas
dry white from the lime.

Listen to the Voice of Firestone with Richard Crooks , Margaret Speaks and Alfred Wallenstein, Monday evenings, over N. B. C. Red Network -

GOING TO BUY A NEW TRACTOR?

Insist on

♦Mr. EXTRA TRACTION
gets his name from
the Extra Traction
Bar length on Every
FIRESTONE
GROUND GRIP TIRE

Old Dobbin laughs every time
be hears anyone say, “An
open tenter gives « better bite"

INCREASE YOUR FARM PROFITS.
SEND FOR THIS FREE BOOKLET
OF IMPORTANT FACTS TODAY!

Name

R. P. D. or
Street Number

Town_

County _

State

fht RURAL NEW-YORKER

575

Calling All Farm Flocks !

By Willard C. Thompson

HOSE who know what the
country needs now and will
need during the next few
months in the line of foods
say, with oft-repeated empha¬
sis, that eggs come near the
list of indispensible, protective
foods. The minerals, proteins, and vitamins
in fresh table eggs are qualities, in eggs,
which make them healthful and so necessary
a part of the daily diet of all our people.
Eggs, from properly fed hens, are a compara¬
tively cheap, and always very efficient, source
of these things which are needed by every
person every day. Consumers are awaking
to the true value of eggs. Housewives cannot
do without daily supplies of eggs, for eggs
are used in the making of most of the foods
which American housewives prepare in their
own kitchens. Egg are used in vast quantities
by bakeries and those concerns which are,
in these days, furnishing greatly increased
quantities of foods to be purchased at the
stores for use on the tables of our American
homes, things such as pies, cakes cookies,
breads, and a multitude of other choice things
which we like to eat,

Those who know about the way food stuffs
are being produced and used insist that the
demands for more and more eggs will grow
and continue further to grow as the months
slip by. Our own civilian population will use
increased numbers of eggs. The armed forces
of our country are using much vaster quan¬
tities of eggs than ever before in the history
of our country. The countries on the other
side of the Atlantic, especially England, are
calling upon America for more eggs. We will
send them and want to do so. It will be
possible only if we succeed in stepping up
our egg production in the months immedi¬
ately ahead of us. Yes, the American poultry
industry must redouble its efforts.

The sum total of laying hens being kept on
general farms, as distinguished from those
which are being kept on commercial poultry
plants, is very great. It is from the great
rank and file of general farm poultry laying
flocks that the bulk of this seriously needed
increase in table egg production is to come.
There is a chance in the present emergency
for the farm poultry flock to become a pe¬
culiarly significant and important farm-crop
producer. If every farm flock could be as¬
sured of proper feeding, housing, and manage¬
ment during this coming Winter, the resultant
increase in numbers of avaliable table eggs
would be surprising,

Many of us feel that the required increase
need not compel the building up of many new
poultry plants, nor the increasing
of the poultry house equipment
above that already available. It
does mean that present available
plants and houses, if properly
filled with the good laying stock,
and if all flocks are managed for
a maximum, safe egg yield dur¬
ing the next six months, which
will include the winter season, can
be made to meet the emergency
call. Calling all available farm
poultry houses to immediate
service!

Encouraging Prices

The farmer who looks at the
egg price quotations now being
made on the principal egg mar¬

kets, especially in the northeastern states,
sees that prices have steadily increased this
Fall and to levels which have not been en¬
joyed for several years. The federal officials
have announced that plans are at hand under
which continuing high egg prices will be as¬
sured for the next year or two, so that farm¬
ers may plan accordingly. The war cannot
come to an end in a day. Its effects will re¬
main for a long time. The need for more and
more eggs, protective foods, will continue
indefinitely.

If farm egg producers can adopt manage¬
ment practices which will step up the number
of eggs gathered and sold from the farms
during the next few months, and if anything
like present egg prices prevail over those
months, as seems likely, the gross income
should be materially increased, and the net
earning become a thing of reality.

Management Program

In any such period as that now facing us
it is usually helpful to have a definite, step-
by-step program suggested for one to follow.
In planning for the management of the laying
flocks from now on into the Winter, it is possi¬
ble to lay out a management program which
is systematic, labor-saving, economical, and

Quality baby chicks are the basis for 1942
poultry prosperity.

efficient. Such a program needs meticulous
following, for best results. Let’s line one up,
and see what the simple, yet essential, steps
in it may be!

1. Look over the farm and see just how
many pens there may be which are now ready
for poultry laying flocks; and see how many
places might be made useful for layers with
just a little remodelling and fixing. Few sheds,
or pens, or rooms, about the farm buildings
should be allowed to run empty through this
Winter, if, with a bit of planning, they might
serve as homes for poultry laying flocks.

2. Figure on providing four square feet
of floor space for every layer housed, and
do not tamper with this rule. They need the
room and will do better for having it.

3. Shut the layers in the cleaned, sani¬
tary, newly littered pens on or about October
15 to November 1 and keep them confined
to the poultry houses through the next six
months, at least. Efficient layers must be
kept close to the feed hoppers, and under
comfortable conditions if they are to lay at
high levels of production. They gain nothing
from being allowed to run out of doors dur¬
ing the Fall and Winter months. They are
easier to take care of indoors, and there is
better control of health.

4. Arrange the windows and ventilators
so that there is a constant flow of fresh air
through the poultry houses all the time. Busy
layers need a constant supply of oxygen, and
should never be forced to breathe in once-
used air, for it is laden with moisture and
poisonous by-products of their body processes.
Good ventilation tends to keep the litter dry,
and the poultry house more comfortable.

5. Open the front wall windows daily,
whenever outside weather conditions will
permit. Closely shut up poultry houses soon
become damp and unhealthful. Let the sun¬
shine enter as much of the poultry house as
may be possible during Winter weeks. This
is why poultry houses preferably should be
built to face into the southern exposure!

6. Provide a uniform, 14-hour lighted day
for the layers from the middle of October on
through till April. This is usually done by
means of using electricity, now available in
so many farming areas. We recommend the
following artificial lighting unit: one 40- watt
Mazda globe, or equivalent, provided with a
reflector, which is 4 inches deep at center,
and 16 inches in diameter at outer edge, for
every 200 square feet of floor area or major
fraction thereof. This unit should be located
6 feet from the floor level, and midway be¬
tween the front wall and the line just in front
of the first perch, thus insuring full lighting
of the working floor space when the hens are
down on it. Put the light midway across the
pen, so as to equalize the artificial lighting
within the pen.

Turn on the electric lights at four o’clock
in the morning, preferably using a time switch
or an alarm clock so hitched up to the light
system as to turn on the lights automatically
at 4 A. M. Turn off at daylight; turn on
again late in the afternoon when shadows
begin to length, and leave them on until 6
P. M. This gives a 14-hour lighted day evenly
throughout the Winter season of short natu¬
rally-lighted days. A proper use of artificial
lights should increase the average egg yield
from each layer thus lighted by about one
dozen eggs during the next six months, and
any such increase, at winter egg prices, will
pay for the lights many times over. We be¬
lieve whole-heartedly in the economy and
efficiency of artificial lighting for farm lay¬
ing flocks.

7. Furnish dry mash hoppers at the rate
of six linear feet of hopper for every 50 hens,
or major fraction thereof. Build the hoppers
up off the floor about 18 inches, so as to keep
the litter out and maintain the mash surface
in sanitary condition. Locate the hoppers in
the most convenient, airiest and best lighted
section of the room, so that the hens will be
continuously tempted to eat from them.

8. Select a well-balanced dry mash — com¬
mercial, or home-mixed, for there are good
ones in both categories. Our open-formula,
home-mixed, New Jersey laying mash con¬
sists of 200 lbs. each of yellow cornmeal,
wheat bran, flour middlings, and pulverized
heavy oats, 150 lbs. of 55 per cent prot. meat
scraps, 50 lbs. dried skimmilk, or dried butter¬
milk (if this is unavailable now, or too high
in price, leave it out and substitute soybean
oil meal, about 30 lbs. and high-grade dehy¬
drated alfalfa leaf meal, 20 lbs.), 20 lbs.

natural codliver oil, 20 lbs. oyster-
shell meal, or limestone flour, and
10 lbs. salt. Keep some such egg¬
forcing dry mash before the hens
every day and all day. Encourage
consumption by putting in a bit
of fresh mash every morning, and
going through the pens in mid¬
day, and stirring up the surface
of the mash.

As November’s chill days come
along take about 3 lbs. of this
mash and mix it up to a crumbly
consistency with sour skimmilk,
if it is available, and it should
be on most farms — feed this to
each 100 hens, as an appetizer and
stimulator. It helps to increase
(Continued on Page 588)

A well-bred, well-reared flock of White Leghorn layers is an important
food production unit on many an American farm this Fall.

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

576

Water Pumping Problem

My water supply comes from a
stream 3,000 feet from my house
and pool, and it is 300 feet below
the level of the house. I now have
a four horsepower pump pumping
the water up the hill, with electric
power. I should like to know what
is the smallest velocity a stream can
have to turn over a waterwheel
when we Have to get approximately
20,000 gallons in 24 hours.

What engine is preferable to be
attached to the waterwheel. How
would a turbine engine do? Will
you please give me all available in¬
formation concerning waterwheels
and turbines? e. k.

New York

To supply 20,000 gallons under
the conditions you mention would
require at least 4y2 mechanical
horsepower working continuously.
This means that the stream should
be capable of developing six horse¬
power or more even during the dry
season if you are to depend on water
power alone.

The power that can be developed
depends not only on the velocity of
the water but also on the quantity
(measured in cubic feet of flow per
minute) and the head or vertical
distance through which this quantity
can be made to fall.

To determine the quantity, or rate
of flow, select a place where the
channel is straight for 100 feet or
more, and measure off 50 or 100
feet along the bank. Throw wooden
chips or floats in the stream and find
the time required for them to travel
the measured distance. The velocity
is greatest near the stream’s center
so make several tests near the bank
in order to find the average velocity.
Then find the average width and
depth of the stream in feet. Multiply
the width by the depth to obtain
the cross-sectional area in square
feet. Multiply this cross-section (in
square feet) by .8 of the average
velocity in feet per minute.

To determine the possible “head or
fall” find the vertical difference (in
feet) in level between the water sur¬
face at the point where the intake
to the waterwheel could be located

and the point where the water out¬
let from the wheel would be.

With this data the theoretical or
water horsepower of the stream can
be computed by using the following
formula:

Cubic feet per minute x head (in
feet) x 62.5 -f- 33,000 = Theoretical
Horsepower.

Because the power of a stream
depends upon both “quantity” and
“head,” your question as to the
necessary velocity cannot be an¬
swered directly but here are a few
examples that may be helpful. To
get approximately 4% mechanical
horsepower from various sizes of
water turbines, the quantity and
head required ar4e as follows: 4%
horsepower may be obtained from a
9-inch turbine which receives 500
cubic feet of water per minute under
a 9-foot head. A HH/k-inch turbine
receiving 450 cubic feet per minute
under a 13 -foot head will give 4%
horsepower. A 13y2-inch turbine
receiving 375 cubic feet per minute
under a 9-foot head or a 15-inch
turbine receiving 350 cubic feet per
minute with 8-feet of head will give
about 41/2 mechanical horsepower.

The power developed by a tur¬
bine or waterwheel varies with the
head (pressure) and quantity of
water acting on it. The 9-inch -tur¬
bine mentioned above would develop
only one-haif horsepower under a
head of 4 feet with 250 cubic feet
of water per minute.

A stream providing a steady flow
of 325 cubic feet per minute under
a head of 1O feet would produce
about 6 theoretical horsepower and
with a properly installed wheel or
turbine migftt be expected to pro¬
duce 4.5 mechanical horsepower.

The most desirable type of wheel
or turbine depends on the character¬
istics of your stream. There are
many types of both on the market
made by reputable manufacturers.
They are available in many sizes.

There are three basic types of
vertical waterwheel, the overshot,
undershot and breast wheel. The
modern overshot wheel utilizes both
the weight and momentum of fall¬
ing water. These require a minimum

amount of water and are well
adapted to small installation. The
undershot wheel is used where the
stream is fast flowing but the fall
is slight. Such wheels resemble an
ordinary paddle wheel and the water
acts by impact only on the few
paddles which are immersed on the
underside of the wheel.

The breast wheel is used where
only a few feet of fall can be ob¬
tained. It has paddles like the under¬
shot wheel, but the paddles are en¬
closed to form compartments or
buckets. Water is admitted at a
point level with the axle, and de¬
velops power by both its impact and
weight.

Turbines are available for dis¬
charges as low as 250 cubic feet and
heads as low as four feet. They are
entirely immersed and are quiet and
compact. They revolve faster than
the exposed types just described. The
turbine is especially well adapted
for low heads with comparatively
large volume. Its working member
resembles a rotating fan which is
forced to revolve by the pressure
and momentum of the column of
water pressing on its carefully
shaped blades.

The impulse or tangenital wheel is
driven by a jet of water striking
buckets mounted on the outer rim
or periphery of the wheel. Impulse
wheels are most suitable for high
heads and low volumes such as
found in hilly or mountainous re¬
gions. A 6-Ioot impulse wheel will
develop 6 horsepower with 200 cubic
feet per minute under a head of
20 feet.

Developing a water power and
selecting eqaipment for it requires
careful planning. Many persons
have been disappointed because they
did not secure adequate information
beforehand. If you already have
electric power and can purchase
current at a reasonable rate, it is
doubtful if you should consider de¬
veloping a water power, unless there
is some special reason for it or be¬
cause you have an unusually favor¬
able location.

I suggest that you write to the
Superintendent of Documents,

November 1, 1941

Washington, D. C. for Farmers
Bulletin No. 1658, “Farm Water
Power” (cost five cents) which will
give you even more complete in¬
formation and assistance on this
interesting subject. A. A. Stone

“Fifty Things to Make in the
Home.” By Julian Starr Jr., pub¬
lished by McGraw-Hill Book Com¬
pany, New York. Here is a useful
book within the scope of the amateur
carpenter. It is written clearly, with
pictures showing necessary details.
You will have a lot of fun as well
as satisfaction in making these de¬
sirable tables, shelves, cabinets,
screens, etc. Price $2. For sale by The
Rural New-Yorker, 333 West 30th
St., New York, N. Y.

Photo — P. B. Oakley, Geneva, N. Y.
Joan Curran and her brother Jimmie
provide crates for the workers, after
“ topping ” their share of beets. They
live on a farm near Seneca Castle,
New York.

START AT FEEDING TIME!
Feed Your Herd Beacon Test Cow Ration

National Defense needs your help, Mr. Dairyman! The government has
asked all dairy farmers to increase their milk production as quickly as possible.
For, in the American way of life, we want “butter” as well as “guns.”

To step-up the production of your herd, start at feeding time. Put your cows
on the proved Beacon Feeding Plan. Feed them Beacon Test Cow Ration. In the
41/2 years it has been on the market, this scientifically developed, nutritionally
balanced feed has enabled five cows of different classes to establish new all-time
high World’s Records!

But — even though many records have been made on Beacon Test Cow Ration
— it is not a so-called “contest feed.” Its chief purpose is to help YOU get more
milk from YOUR cows during the entire lactation period, while helping you
maintain the health of your herd. This ration has been developed by Beacon
Research to help build up the flesh and body reserves of your cows. It’s scien¬
tifically geared to meet their needs during long periods of high production.

The complete story of how Beacon Test Cow
Ration can help you step-up your milk produc¬
tion is all told in a free booklet, “Profitable
Dairy Management.” Complete, authoritative,
exact — it’s yours merely for the asking. Write
for your copy today.

THE BEACON MILLING CO

Cayuga, N. Y.

Inc.

Send for
This

FREE

Neiu

Booklet

To guard your profits

DON'T NEGLECT SPARK PLUGS

Only four things can happen to spark
plugs, — Dirt, Wear, Wrong Gap, and
Breakage. Every other so-called “ill” is
just conversation.

BUT, — if you would preserve farming Get Plugs cleaned
profits, don’t neglect those four. where you see this Sign

Have your plugs cleaned and regapped,
regularly, at the Registered AC Cleaning
Station (tractor plugs, every 200 hours;
vehicle plugs, every 4,000 miles). Replace
worn, "broken, or inferior plugs with new
AC’s (tractor plugs, every 500 hours;
vehicle plugs, every 10,000 miles).

First choice for original equipment, AC
Spark Plugs are engineered for the hard
work of farming. Insist on genuiwe AC’s,
keep them clean and correctly gapped,
and you’ll save as much as 1 gallon of
fuel in ten and prevent serious power loss.

SPARE SETS
COME IN HANDY

If you keep a spare
set of plugs on hand,
you can have the
dirty ones cleaned on
any trip to town.

AC SPARK PLUG DIVISION • General Motors Corporation • FLINT. MICHIGAN

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

57 7

BEAT the

SHOBTA«Of

MAN POWER

FRICfas/^

MACHINE POWER

Defense work and the Army Draft
need not keep you from doing your
part to increase food production.
Get up-to-the-minute Power Farm¬
ing Equipment
and let one
man do the
work of sever-
al. Rising
prices of farm
products will
make good farming equipment, bought
now at standard prices, more worth
while than ever.

For better tractors, combines,
threshers, peanut pickers, balers,
silo fillers,
feed mills, saw
mills, and en¬
gines, see your
nearest Frick
Dealer and
Branch today.

BRANCHES AT

Canandaigua and Scotia, New York
Pittsburgh, Williamsport, Harrisburg
and Easton, Pennsylvania

FRICK CO., Waynesboro, Pa.

non Power

larming'Machineiy

'B'UU,

GUARANTEED
PERFORMANCE

No guesswork about what a Pape
Hammer Mill will do! Every Papec i
GUARANTEED to grind any dry feed t
any desired fineness faster and cheape
than any other hammer mill in the sam
power class.

Papec’s longer hammers, much greate
screen area, auger-fed blower and large
pulley, PLUS 3-ply hammer tips, mea
better, faster, cheaper grinding. There ar
no knives to sharpen, no burrs to breaV
See a Papec at you
dealer’s or send fc
valuable free bookie
on grinding feed fc
extra profit.

Papec Machine Co
1011 N. Main St.,
Shortsville, N . Y.

FRUIT TREES, STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY
AND BLUEBERRY PLANTS

FOR FALL PLANTING: Complete
Line, Apple, Peach, Pear, Cherry
and other fruit and nut trees;
blueberry, boysenberry. strawberry,
raspberry, grape and asparagus
plants ; flowering shrubs, shade trees
and evergreens. Selling direct with
• 75 years experience, we guarantee
satisfaction. Send for free catalogue.
Bountiful Ridge Nurseries, Box Rill -A, Princess Anne, Md.

FOR SALE: State inspected Bed Lake Currant
bushes. CONWAY BROS. MARLBORO, N. Y.

Horticultural Notes

- By H. B. Tukey :

The perfect host is a U. S. Depart¬
ment of Agriculture worker who is
also a connoisseur of peaches. His
technique as displayed in his office
is to put a metal waste basket in
front of the invited guest, place a
clean towel over his lap, provide
him with a conveniently accessible
pile of paper towels, and then to
bring on the peaches for sampling.
It is undoubtedly a questionable
sign to have to admit that a peach
never tastes quite so good as when
it is enjoyed in comfort such as that,
but there is no use denying the facts!

Jji ^ ^ ❖

The American leather industry,
according to Indian Information, re¬
lies largely upon India for myrobalan
plum fruits for use in the tanning
of hides. The trade is for A-l quality,
large, firm, and light yellowish green
fruits rather than small, black, or rot¬
ted fruits in which the tannin»content
is comparatively small and which
produce a darker extract. The
myrobalan plum is the cherry plum,
Prunus cerasifera, used by American
nurserymen as a rootstock upon
which to bed the cultivated varieties
of plum.

ifc jfc S&

The answer to the oft-repeated
question “What is the difference be¬
tween a blueberry and a huckle¬
berry” is easily remembered by
using the psychologists’ method of
association ot ideas — “Huckleberry —
Gaylussacia — crackle.” This means
that the hucxleberry belongs to the
genus Gaylussacia and that when
the berries are eaten they crackle
between the teeth due to the 10
bony-covered fruitlets, commonly
called “seeds,” within the fruit. As
for the blueberry, well, it is the soft-
sounding word of romantic songs and
no cracklings!

A binder of rare books, and an
amateur fruit grower at heart writes
from Boston: “Except for apples,
decent native fruit can hardly be
bought, even in a center like Boston.
Peaches in the market are an insult
to the creatoi, when one knows of
what this fruit is capable. One can
buy a few kinds of pears. Plums
are a travesty on -the possibilities.
Western cherries are good, but not
as good as the best Eastern can be.”
With all due respect to the many
growers of good quality fruits, it
must in the main be admitted that
the possibilities in fruits — their
flavors, aromas, textures, shapes,
sizes, and colors — are as a closed
book to most people.

* * * * *

Continues our correspondent from
Boston: “The bird pest is fatal to
amateur growing of fine fruits. In¬
sects and disease can be combatted,
but nothing except physical protec¬
tion can ward off the birds, and that
requires dwarf trees. I have about
2,500 feet under a permanent copper
mesh, chicken size, where I can
really ripen small fruits, particularly
blueberries which need to hang two
weeks after being full blue. I am
engaged in trying peaches, plums,
and pears under this mesh.”

* # Hi ❖ &

A good publication on fruit va¬
rieties for the library is Circular 103
by the Geneva Experiment Station,
Geneva, N. Y., on varieties of fruit
for New York and listing and dis¬
cussing briefly the more important
varieties of apples, crab apples, pears,
peaches, nectarines, plums, sweet
cherries, duke cherries, sour cherries,
quinces, grapes, red raspberries,
black raspberries, purple raspberries,
blackberries, dewberries, currants,
gooseberries, strawberries, everbear¬
ing strawberries, elderberries, blue¬
berries, filberts, black walnuts,
English walnuts, Japanese walnuts,
northern pecans, butternuts and
hickories.

* $ * $ *

Pennsylvania studies with peach
trees show that clean cultivation has
given the most pounds of fruit and
the largest trees, but that there is
a steady decline in soil fertility. Sod
has given low production and small
trees, but the soil is in good con¬
dition. An intermediate system, such
as cultivating alternate rows every

other year nas given intermediate
crops and intermediate size trees.
It is expected that the clean culti¬
vated areas will tend to decline as
soil fertility becomes lower, while
the intermediate and the sod treat¬
ments will look better in the long
run.

H- * # * #

The word is that the per capita
consumption of apples has turned the
bottom corner and is starting back
up, the per capita consumption hav¬
ing increased by 1.75 pounds in the
1936r39 period as compared v/ith
the 1932-35 period.

* * * * *

Notes from Australia on controll¬
ing biennial bearing in apples agree
with results secured in New York
State and other eastern sections,
najnely, that excessive blossoming
and excessive setting are the trouble
makers and that successful practices
towards regulating alternate crop¬
ping involve the single principle of
drastically reducing the blossoms or
the setting during the effective
period. Good cultural practices are
essential. The next most helpful
practice is what is called “pre-drop
thinning,” meaning that the thinning
must be completed before the nor¬
mal June drop period. Thinning
should begin, according to the recom¬
mendations from Australia, just as
soon as the blossom buds can be
distinguished, and must be com¬
pleted five weeks after the date of
full bloom.

* * & *

Sir Daniel Hall, in the Journal of
the Royal Horticultural Society, dis¬
cusses the problem of what is wanted
from the garden in war times and
divides garden plants into three
classes: first, those which are used
as fuel; second, those which are body
builders or repairers; and third those
which provide accessories necessary
to health. It is the last group in
which garden products particularly
excell. With a few points about the
value of the onion for flavoring the
food, the article runs: “An old work¬
man on the retired list had been
given some beefsteak for his
Christmas dinner and was asked
how it had gone. ‘Well, mister, it
did rare and flavour my onions!’ That
is perhaps the right way to look on
meat, as flavouring for our vege¬
tables, and the weekly ration will
just about do it; but still more we
should look on the onion as the
means of giving zest and savour to
the meat. Your meat may be going
to be short; make your garden do
the work of feeding" your family.”

$ $ $ $

An interesting angle to the prob¬
lem of dissemination of fireblight is
discussed by Keitt and Ivanoff in
the Journal of Agricultural Research,
in which they find that the nectar
concentration of the blossom is an
important factor in limiting blossom-
blight transmission by bees. Bees
freely transmitted the organism
when the nectar concentration was
in the lower range but not when it
was in the medium or higher ranges
of concentration. The next question
is, how does the nutrition of the tree
affect the concentration of the nec¬
tar? Does strong vegetative growth
result in low concentration of the
nectar and in conditions favorable
to the dissemination of blight? Do
varieties which blight badly produce
nectar of low concentration? Can a
new variety of pear be produced by.
breeding which will take cognizance
of these factors?

$ * * $ H:

By a vote of three to one the High
Court of Australia has held that the
Apple and Pear Acquisition Regu¬
lations made under the National
Security Act are valid. By this act,
the government took over the apple
and pear crops of the country, and
no questions asked!

Hs & sfc $

Some idea of the size of the nursery
industry in New York State can be
gathered from the fact that certifi¬
cates of inspection for the year end¬
ing October 1, 1941, were granted to
approximately 1,159 nurseries with
11,616 acres, 390 nursery dealers, and
395 raspberry growers with 1,389
acres.

and ACCURACY

When Eastern farmers want an

axe with power — an axe that bites
in deep with every stroke — an
axe that holds to the cut — they
choose New England-made Collins

This trade
mark will
guide you to
the best in
axes. S in c_e
1 826 it has
meant quality

Axes. You’ll find that
you like the "feel” of
a Collins Axe when
you heft it.

Illustrated is the
Dayton single bit
pattern — a very
practical model for
all-round farm work.

FREE BOOK!

Have you received your
copy of "The Axe"? It’s
full of helpful, interest¬
ing hints on axe usage.
Write The Collins
Company, Dept. NY,
Collinsville, Connecticut.

COLLINS AXES

CUT LONGER
BETWEEN SHARPENINGS

Forty Years a
Country Preacher

By Rev. G. B. Gilbert

The Pastoral Parson

It is attractively printed, well bound,
contains many illustrations. The book,
relates many of his unusual ex¬
periences during his years of work
as a country parson. It is the story
of a man who has lived a useful
life and given a helpful hand to
hundreds of needy families— a mix¬
ture of humor, pathos and tragedy.
It is an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of
the family.

Price $2.75 Postpaid

2% Sales Tax additional for New
York City residents.

For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th St., New York City

(N. Y. City Sales,

The Farmer His
Own Builder

By H. Armstrong Roberts

A practical and
handy book of all
kinds of building
information from
concrete to carpen¬
try. Price $1.50.

For sale by

THE

RURAL NEW-YORKER
333W, 30th St., N. Y.
add 2% Sales Tax)

TREES Wanted. Benj. Andrews, Edgewater, N. J.

578

7ht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Ruralisms

Wintering the Geraniums — The
window gardener who grows a few
geraniums bedded out in Summer
usually wishes to keep them over
for another season, and is not al¬
ways encouraged by results. By
geraniums we mean what the
purists call Zonal Pelargoniums, for
these home-like plants are not
geraniums to the botanist. We do
not grow many of these plants, for
they do not fit in with our perennial
borders, but we like them, and must
always have a few in a window box
at least. Old-fashioned women used
to winter them in the cellar, shak¬
ing off most of the soil, and hanging
them up. It is only fair to say that
we have never had a plant survive
when treated in this way, but obvi¬
ously they must have lived some¬
times, since the practice was well
known. We have, however, cut the
plants back in late Fall, planted
them in a box, and placed them in
a cellar window, giving a little water
at long intervals. They always
looked, as our outdoor helper says,
“mighty pindlin” in Spring, but they
grew quite well when potted and
brought into a window. However,
our custom now is to make cuttings
in August and September, and then
carry these young plants over Winter
in the window. This is very easily
done cutting a “slip” with ripened
wood, not the soft green growth,
and cutting the bottom on a ' slant,
so that there is a “heel” of the
harder outside tissue. The cutting
should be three or four inches long,
the cut about half an inch below
the lowest leaf. The leaves should
be trimmed off, excepting the top
one. We insert these Summer cut¬
tings in the soil around the parent
plant, and they always take root
promptly. When we have old plants
that we wish to keep over Winter
they are cut back severely, but just
above a bud, potted, and kept in a
window. We do not expect Winter
flowers from these, but they will
make bushy growth and are suitable
for outside planting in Spring. The
cuttings rooted during the Summer
are potted individually in Fall. They
are not likely to bloom until late
Winter; if Winter bloom is desired
cuttings should be taken in May or
June, and at that time the amateur
gardener does not usually have much
material for cuttings. It is safe to
reckon that it may be four to six
months Before the young plant will
bloom. If one has old plants that
will provide material for cuttings in
January and February, they can be
rooted under house conditions if set
in a pot of fine sand or light soil,
with a tumbler or jelly glass in¬
verted over each one to conserve

moisture and warmth until rooted.
Unlike many other cuttings, gerani¬
ums do not need shading; they want
the full sun throughout their de¬
velopment.

General Care. — After seeing a
geranium full of bloom growing in
a tin can on a kitchen window sill
one imagines this must be the easi¬
est .of all plants to handle, but there
are a few essentials without which
it will fail. A first requisite is
abundant sunshine, for this plant is
a native of South Africa. It will not
thrive in shade; or without good
drainage, and it is easy to give too
much water, which is a common
cause of poor results. It requires
firm potting and does not do well
if the soil is too loose. .Proper soil
is a rather sandy loam of moderate
fertility; too much plant food will
result in soft dropsical growth, and
render the plant an easy prey to
disease. A little bonemeal, rather
than other fertilizer, will be helpful.
While, as stated above, firm potting
is essential, care must be observed
in handling the roots, which are
quite brittle. If the plants are
straggly in growth they should be
pinched back at intervals to make
them bushy. If one is growing small
plants for Winter bloom the flower
buds should be pinched out during
Summer, as soon as they show.
Finally, it is essential that the soil
should never be more than moder¬
ately moist, and the water should be
kept away from foliage and stem.

Lady Washington Geraniums. —
This is a common name for the
plants known commercially as fancy
or show Pelargoniums. We have seen
these grown quite successfully in the
windows of a country house, but
ordinarily they are not quite as
easily grown as the Zonal varieties.
General treatment is the same; full
sun and a moderate temperature that
does not fall below 45 degrees at
night, but wnen buds begin to form
toward the end of the year they will
take a little more water; however,
over-watering is dangerous; the best
plan is to allow the soil to become
quite dry, and then soak it thorough¬
ly. As the buds develop, a little
extra feeding is desirable; old-time
gardeners used liquid manure, but
it may be more convenient to give
one of the prepared fertilizers sold
by seedsmen and florists. Sometimes
aphis or green fly is troublesome on
these Pelargoniums, but this is read¬
ily controlled with nicotine. The
temperature of a modern dwelling
Is likely to be too warm for these
fancy Pelargoniums; old-fashioned
houses without central heating usu¬
ally had a temperature range more
congenial to them. E. T. Royle

Lewis C. Williams

Lewis C. Williams of Middlesex
Valley, N. Y., died at the age of 83
years as he listened to the World
Series on the radio. Mr. Williams
was a prominent farmer and sheep
grower in Western New York and
had lived on the farm where he
died for the past 57 years. He was
an active Grange member. He
organized, and was first Master of
the Rushville Grange. He con¬
tributed to newspapers under the
title “Middlesex Valley Sage” and al¬
ways gave a common-sense view on
farming and public matters from his
own experience and his practical
comments were helpful and gave
food for thought. Such a good and
useful citizen will be greatly missed
in his community.

Business Bits

The article “Conserving Rubber”
on page 579 is worth reading twice.
In the same connection, the tire
companies have gotten out booklets
of instructions which can be obtained
free on request.

“How to Help National Defense
and Get More Mileage From Your
Tires,” Firestone Tire and Rubber
Company, Akron, Ohio.

“How to Make Your Tires Last
Longer,” Goodyear Tire and Rubber
Company, Akron, Ohio.

“Twelve Rules for Tire Health,”
The B. F. Goodrich Company, Akron,
Ohio.

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, Nov. 1, 1941

FARM TOPICS

Water Pumping Problem . 576

Farming at Greystone Park . 579

Storing Cabbage . 579

Buying a Farm . 581

Delmarva . 592

HORTICULTURE

Increased Tomato Crop . . 574

. Horticultural Notes . 577

Profits in Soil Conservation . 589

Potatoes Grown Under Straw . 592

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Disinfecting the Barn . 574

In the Blue Ridge Mountains . 582

Thoughts on Sheep . 587

Poor Hoof Development . 587

Drying Off Surplus Teat . 589

Warts on Heifer . 589

Disinfect After Sickness . 589

WOMAN AND HOME

Ramblings . 584

From the Little Brown House . 584

Soup’s On! . . 584

To Make Sauerkraut . 584

If the Doctor Says . . 585

Hulled Corn — Modern Method . 585

THE HENYARD

Calling All Farm Flocks . 575

G. L. F. Chicken Feed . 581

Potatoes for Poultry . 588

Plucking Ducks . 588

Respiratory Trouble . 588

Limberneck . 588

MISCELLANEOUS

Conserving Rubber . 579

Our Great Democracy Part XI . 580

Shall it be Taxes or Fun? . 580

A Kink in Justice . . . 580

Economy in Local Government . 581

New York’s Grape Industry

Grape growers in Central New
York report a most profitable season
this year w.th prices 40 to 50 per
cent higher than those offered last
season. Delawares sold at $150 a
ton, while Alviras and Catawbas
moved at $100. Last year’s prices
were reported at $110 for Delawares,
$60 for Alviras and $65 for Catawbas.
Concords, the blue all-purpose grape
sold at $45 to $55 and Niagaras, the
popular white table grape brought
$60.

Directly and indirectly responsible
for this boost in prices is the war
abroad. Directly, because it has re¬
sulted in an almost complete ces¬
sation of imports of foreign wines;
and indirectly because the rearma¬
ment program, through its effect on
the national income, has strengthened
the demand for grapes on the part
of the consuming public. Of these,
the latter nas had the more pro¬
found effect.

The Finger Lakes Region of
Central New York is the center of
wine production in the eastern states,
with most of the wineries concen¬
trated in the Hammondsport-Naples
area. The output of this section
compares favorably with that of any
wine-making district in the world.

About three-fourths of all eastern
grapes are sold as fresh fruit and
not in the form of juice or wine. For
this reason, the most important fac¬
tor in the market situation for New
York grapes is the level of consumer
purchasing power. The per capita
consumption of grapes is second
only to that of apples, and exceeds
by a comfortable margin that of
bananas, oranges and peaches, the
three next most popular fruits. Dur¬
ing the first 30 years of the present
century, grape consumption per
capita increased from 17 pounds in
1899 to 32 pounds in 1930, a gain
of 88 per cent. The increase in
population during those years was
62 per cent.

Grapes from the Finger Lakes
Region enjoy a wide market. They
are shipped as far south as Washing¬
ton and as far west as Chicago.-
Twenty-four different states take the
product of Finger Lakes vineyards
but 75 per cent of the crop is
marketed in New York State or in
adjacent states.

November 1, 1941

In the Bluff Point area of the
Finger Lakes, Concord type grapes
make up more than 84 per cent of
all grown; in the Hudson Valley,
they constitute 80 per cent of the
total production, and in the Chau¬
tauqua district — the center of the
unfermented grape juice industry —
the figure is 97.7 per cent.

Seneca County is the only im¬
portant exception to the popularity
of this variety. Between the lakes,
two-thirds of all grapes grown are
white Niagaras, this section being
primarily a producer of table grapes.
Only about one-third of this
county’s production consists of
Concords. Yet, in the Kendaia sec¬
tion, in the north central part of
the county the per acre yield of
Concord type grapes is the highest
of any section in the State. One
year, vineyards near Kendaia pro¬
duced an average of 4.4 tons per
acre, while the average over a five
year period was 3.5 tons. For the
State as a whole, the average during
those years was a little less than
1 Vz tons. p. b. o.

Ailing Plum Tree

We have a plum tree that is about
two years old, which is sick and
bleeding some sort of sap from the
bark and branches. We are afraid
the tree will die and we would like
some information as to what to do.

New Jersey j. g.

The oozing of sap is merely an
indication that something is wrong
with the tree. Sometimes it is thought
that it is the oozing and gumming
which is doing the damage, but it
is merely the symptom of some other
ailment. Just what the ailment is,
however, is not so easily said. A first
suggestion is winter injury or lack
of general tone or vigor. To over¬
come these handicaps, try an appli¬
cation of some nitrogenous fertilizer,
such as ammonium sulfate or nitrate
of soda, using about a half pound
placed well back from the tree,
applied in early Fall or early Spring.
To check further on the condition
of the tree you might cut off one
of the branches and see whether
the wood is dark brown or blackish.
If it is, considering how young the
tree is, you might rather pull the
tree out and replant with healthier
stock. H. B. T.

Seven Decades of Milk

By John J. Dillon

The milk system has again created a crisis.
What caused it? This book tells you in plain
language.

Dairymen have been on the brink of
ruin several times in the past 20
years. Why? This book tells you.

At every major crisis dairymen
revolt and get a modest increase
which soon decreases to the old level
or below it. How is this done?
This book tells you.

Leaders who made farmers fair
promises allied themselves with big
dealers to exploit the very farmers
they promised to serve. Where is
the proof of it? The proof is in
this book.

These leaders now admit that “not
once in eleven years” have milk prices
paid the farmer cost of production.
Why? This book tells you.

Is it possible for dairymen to get -
cost of production and a profit?
Yes. This book tells you.

power to fix it.

Prices should be negotiated by farmers. This book, “Seven
Decades of Milk,” tells how they can do it, and why they should
do it.

T1 book consists of 333 pages, 37 chapters and a complete
referen mdex. It is bound in cloth with gilt lettering. It is made
handsome and durable because it will have information for future
generations. Published by Orange Judd Company, the author has
reserved the first 1,200 copies for such of his friends as may wish
to have an autographed copy. Price $3.00 postpaid. New York City
sales only, add 2% Sales Tax. These are for sale by

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street New York City

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

579

Conserving Rubber

Here are a few simple rules by
which we can all help conserve our
fast diminishing supply of rubber in
the United States. Remember, the
tires we have on our cars now, may
have to last a long time, so let’s take
care of them.

Check the air pressure in your
tires at least once a week, and in¬
flate to the pressure recommended
by the manufacturer of the tire.
Every 5,000 miles, rotate the tires,
putting the rear tires on the front
and the front tires on the rear and
at the same time changing them
to opposite sides of the automobile.
Check the valve core for leakage,
and keep valve caps on all the tube
stems. If the front tires show rapid
and uneven wear, have the front
axle alined, and the wheels bal¬
anced. Inspect your tires at least
every 1,000 miles for cuts and
foreign matter embedded in the
treads.

Keep brakes in good adjustment
and apply them easy, so as not to
cause the tires to slide. The black
marks seen on the pavement are
rubber, scuffed from the tread of

How a tire may be injured when
striking an object while under¬
inflated.

tires. Have all breaks or holes in
tires repaired at once; even a small
break in a short time (due to the
flexing of the tire) will ruin the
carcass of the tire. The best method
of repairing tires and tubes is by
vulcanizing. Do not overload. A tire
is made to carry a certain load and
loading beyond this amount will re¬
sult in a premature failure of the
tire. Most truck tires are overloaded.
Do not accelerate rapidly or drive
at a high rate of speed. This prac¬
tice causes rapid tread wear, and
generates heat, which is one of the
greatest enemies of rubber.

Keep the garage floor clean of oil
and grease because oil will cause
rubber to rot quickly. When the
tread is worn smooth, and the
carcass is still in good condition, the
fire can be recapped and will de¬
liver thousands more miles of
mileage. w. g. c.

Farming at Greystone Park

This institution, at Morris Plains,
N. J., is the largest of its type in
the State, caring for over 6,000
patients. Vegetables and farm crops
are grown on about 150 acres con¬
nected with the grounds. The care
of the grounds and gardening opera¬
tions are under the supervision of Mr.
Otto Koch, who has been with the
institution 41 years. I have not seen
a more efficient job done in these
lines than this one by Mr. Koch,
his son Britton, and their group of
able assistants.

Most of the grading on the insti¬
tution grounds, with the beautiful
landscaping of trees, shrubbery and
flowers, and the 15 miles of roads,
was planned and carried out by
Mr. Koch.

No leaves from the trees are
burned, all being turned into com¬
post with stable manure and earth.
There are many piles of this stuff
in an out-of-the-way place. Some
of it is 15 to 20 years old, thoroughly
rotted and all being worked into the
soil again. Cover crops are at once
sown on all vacant cultivated land.
These, with the leaf compost, manure
and a moderate amount of fertilizer,
keep the land in productive condition.

All of the vegetables needed for
the institution, with the exception
of potatoes, are grown here. The soil
is not so well adapted to potato
growing. A season’s production of

vegetables figures as follows: As¬
paragus, 3,8'76 bunches; lima beans,
83 baskets; stringbeans, 936 baskets;
beets, 6,890 baskets; broccoli, 4,161
heads; caboage, 35,645 pounds;
Chinese cabbage, 8,500 stalks;
carrots, 1,685 baskets; celery, 11,770
stalks; sweet corn, 8,739 ears;
cucumbers, 127 baskets; eggplants,
3,314 baskets; endive, 1,608 heads;
kohlrabi, 31,172 bunches; leeks, 339
bunches; lettuce, 48,206 heads;
onions, 1,476 baskets; peppers, 4,458
baskets; pumpkins, 2,315 pounds;
rhubarb, 24,456 bunches; spinach,
6,736 baskets; summer squash, 915
baskets; late squash, 2,937 pounds;
tomatoes, 11,811 baskets.

This makes a substantial quantity
of the vegetables considered most
wholesome. The value of the vege¬
tables at market prices was $23,030.-
82. Other production of the farm,
including forage, roots for livestock,
dairy, poultry and piggery amounted
to $128,084.24. Of this the dairy was
$95,158.08; and poultry $7,774.87. In
the florist’s report was listed 92,868
plants and bulbs grown for flower
beds and flowers, and 93,107 items
of cut flowers.

Much of the work around the
farm and buildings is done by the
patients, under proper supervision.
They are carefully studied when
admitted to the institution, and
classified as to their ability for use¬
fulness. This is the recognized
modern treatment for mental dis¬
orders, and undoubtedly adds much
to the comfort of the patients, who
can work at something that interests
them, and thus help toward recovery.
Of course everything necessary in
medical treatment is provided by the
staff of doctors.

As we walked through
the greenhouses, with their beauti¬
ful displays of chrysanthemums,
carnations, roses, etc. Mr. Koch ex¬
plained that most of the work there
was done by the patients, even the
technical propagating, and that many
of them had had no previous green¬
house training, but caught the idea
quickly. This touch with nature and
growing things is congenial and
helpful to the minds and bodies of
the workers.

Mr. Koch puts on institution ex¬
hibits at fairs and shows. He won
first on vegetable display at the re¬
cent Trenton Fair, and has a large
collection of cups, medals and
trophies from various shows. “The
next outside job will be getting some
chrysanthemums ready for the New
Yox-k Flower Show,” he said. He
is an expert with this flower, as well
as many others, and has served as
judge at the International Flower
Show, at Grand Central Palace,
New York. w. w. h.

Storing Cabbage

The best way I know of storing
cabbage is to wrap each head
separately in newspaper. The cab¬
bage should not be stored too early,
for cabbage stands frost well,
though a good solid freeze affects
both the Keeping qualities and
flavor. This vegetable will not
deteriorate if left in the ground or
stored in a pile out of doors until
really cold weather. It is an easy
matter to save a pile of newspapers,
and when it is time for storage, a
short job to wrap the heads. A
hundred or more of crisp, hard
cabbages go a long way to balance
the winter ration for the farm
family. This way of storing has been
tried out on this farm for some years
and is no longer an experiment but
good management.

Cabbage keeps very nearly perfect
when cared for in this way, simply
stored in a cool place in the cellar.
No bin is necessary, for they keep
as well just wrapped and piled on
the floor. Then, too, there is almost
no odor noticeable, and if one head
does spoil for any reason it does
not affect the rest. Being wrapped,
it is very easily disposed of. It has
been found practicable to wrap the
soft heads of cabbage and so keep
them- for green food for the flock
of hens. A cabbage a day is a good
green food ration for a small flock.
This last year we fed thr oft heads
all Winter and clear In, . ne month
of April, and they helped ma¬
terially to keep the flock laying. No
other green food that I know is
easier to furnish or better for the
health of the hens. Even though
storage spare may be limited, still
this plan works out well, for this
way takes comparatively little space.

North Country Farmer

for long ,

Next TIME you’re on your
way to town, watch for the
Sign of the Gulf Orange Disc.
That’s where you can get Gulf-
lube — the rugged, reasonably
priced oil that’s built to stand
the longest, hardest jobs!

Then just take Gulflube out
to your place, try it and see for
yourself. In your own car, in
trucks, tractors, pumps, or other
farm machinery — this tough oil
will stand up. No wonder hun¬
dreds of thousands of smart-
buying farm folks swear by it !

That’s because Gulflube has
been refined from choice crudes
by a double -solvent process that
takes out many of the harmful
sludge -makers before you use it.

You’ll find that your Gulf man
has plenty of Gulflube in the
5 -gallon containers and other

hard work!

convenient sizes. Don’t forget,
either, that the Gulf man carries
a full line of the famous Gulf
fuels, lubricants, and specialties
for farm use. So drop in and see
the Gulf man soon. He’s a mighty
good person to know.

Gulf Products Popular On
Farm and Ranch :

GULF TRANSGEAR LUBRICANTS E. P.90 AND 140

Specially compounded for use in trans¬
mission, differentials, and final drives.

GULFLEX CHASSIS LUBRICANTS S AND W

Improved lubricants which will remain
in bearings for long periods without
running out. For general chassis lubri¬
cation of cars, trucks, and tractors.

GULFLEX WHEEL BEARING GREASE

Possesses unusual resistance to heat.
Recommended for the ball and roller
front and rear wheel bearings of cars,
trucks, and tractors.

GULFLEX WATERPROOF GREASE

Provides better lubrication for water
pumps and automotive and other equip¬
ment where a product of this kind is
needed.

Gulflube Motor Oil GULF

580

V* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER’ S PAPER
Established isso

Published Bi-Weekly by the Bur»l Publishing Co., lne. 333 West SOth St., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Bebghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolworth, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Chables Mbs. E. T. Hoyle

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“A SQUARE DEAL”

Our Great Democracy

Part XI

N this series of articles we have been
studying the framework of our American
government as defined in the Declaration of
Independence and the Constitution. We have
found the provisions of these instruments to
be in harmony with our concepts of free¬
dom, personal equality arid justice. They
satisfy our sense of right and wrong. They
stimulate our appreciation of the dignity of
mankind. They express our belief in God, and
our trust in Divine Justice.

The foundation of our government was
built on self-evident and demonstrated truths.
The structure itself is a fabrication of these
truths, human needs and our way of life. This
fabrication may be changed with conditions
that affect our needs or our mode of life. If
changes are made that infringe the principles
of truth and justice, they violate our basic
law. They are illegal and void. The changes
to be legal must conform to the principles of
truth and justice on which the original
structure was constructed.

No charter or law made by men can be
perfect, and no law can be administered by
human beings without fault or error. The
fathers of our government were aware of this
human defect. So they built their structure
on unchangeable truths, equality and justice.
As the power of attraction and the magnet
enables the mariner to recover his course after
a storm, so these fundamental principles
of the Constitution will enable the American
people to recover the true course of the ship
of state after it has lost its way in the storm
of political ambition. What visions of plenty,
and comforts and happiness would be ours if
one and all of us made it a rule to review
at night the acts of every day by our con¬
cepts of the truths and principles of our
governments and correct on the following day
the errors of the day before as they are re¬
vealed to us by our own concept of right
and wrong!

About one-half of our Nation’s life is
marked by the end of our Civil War in 1865.
Up to that time we were for the most part
an agricultural people. The people cherished
the Constitution. They were jealous of its
provisions. Errors were made, of course, but
in the main the fundamental principles of the
Constitution were observed. The first serious
violations occurred during the Civil War in
the Treasury Department. The money in use
then was gold and silver coin. President
Lincoln needed more money to finance the
war. He made two issues of government notes
(greenbacks) with full legal tender for all
debts public and private. These notes circu¬
lated at par with gold all through the war
and until they were retired. When still more
money was needed, a new issue of notes was
proposed. In the meantime foreign bankers
set up a propaganda in cooperation with local
bankers. As a result Lincoln was forced to
change the “legal tender” clause so that the
notes were good for all debts “except duties
on imports and interest on the public debts.”
In other words the government repudiated its
own money. At one time it took $2.90 in
these notes to pay for an obligation that $1

in the full legal tender would discharge.

Both gold and silver were demoralized
during the Civil War and the war was financed
by numerous issues of these modified notes.
After the war was over, specie payments
were renewed. In the meantime the banks
and speculators had gathered in the dis¬
credited notes while they were at a heavy
discount and reaped a scandalous profit.

It is the duty of Congress to “coin money
and regulate the value thereof.” Congress
delegated this power to private bankers, and
created the national bank system. Up to that
time State banks circulated their own notes.
The Federal government had no authority to
stop the issue of money by the State banks.
But Congress passed a law to tax the State
bank currency out of existence. This State
bank currency was not stable in all states,
but the National government had no legiti¬
mate power to tax it out of existence and its
assufnption of such power was a greater evil
than the State notes.

The national banking law was revised in
1914 to create the Federal Reserve System,
which was given power to issue money. The
national debt now, including the alphabetical
corporations, exceeds $60,000,000,000 and bids
fair to reach $100,000,00,000 which does not
include the debts of cities, states and local
jurisdictions.

Our bank laws and money system have
been directed and controlled since 1810 by
the big international bankers. Their wealth
and power have increased for 75 years. It
has been the same in the important nations
of the world. The alleged magic of gold has
been the secret of the international bankers’
power. They have been obliged in great
emergencies to suspend the gold standard,
only to insist on renewing it when the crisis
was passed by the use of a better system. We,
with most of the nations of the world, aban¬
doned the gold standard in 1934. We now have
“fiat” money. It is a token money. The merit
of it is in the “legal tender” fiat. But the
gold advocates keep up the urge for a re¬
newal of the gold standard,.

We have credit money. There is no better.
But we are paying billions of dollars because
Congress delegates to banking corporations
the power to issue money, to regulate its
value and to charge interest on it. This vio¬
lation of the spirit and letter of the Constitu¬
tion is the major peril of our great democracy.

Shall it be Taxes or Fun?

TO the average New York voter, proposals
to amend the State Constitution are
puzzling and therefore snares for the unwary.
Few persons familiarize themselves with these
amendments before they go to the polls and
when they get there, it is pretty difficult, if
not impossible, to understand the brief state¬
ment as it appears on the ballot. The usual
result is that either the voter votes “yes” or
does not vote at all; a negative ballot is
unusual.

This lack of public interest has many times
been capitalized on by persons or groups who
want to “slip something over”, quickly on the
State’s citizenry. Constitutional amendments
therefore should be subjected to close scrutiny
and then be approved or disapproved. Blank
ballots have no place in our system.

One of the amendments, Amendment
Number Four, to be voted on next Tuesday,
November 4, proposes the construction of ski
trails on certain sides of Whiteface Mountain
in Essex County. To the vast majority of
people, this looks like a harmless proposal;
and maybe it is. Skiing is a healthful sport
and why should the 61 other counties in the
State tell Essex County what to do with its
own Whiteface Mountain?

But there’s more to the proposition than
meets the eye at first glance. White-
face Mountain is a part of the Adirondack
Forest Preserve and as su/ch, is to be forever
kept as wild forest lands under Article XIV
of the State Constitution. The amendment
now proposed would permit the State to
construct and maintain not more than
20 miles of ski trails 30 to 80 feet wide
on the north, east and northwest slopes of
Whiteface Mountain.

In active opposition to this proposal is the
Adirondack Wilderness Committee, the Con¬

Ncvember 1, 1941

servation Forum and other similar groups who
argue against permanent defacement of one
of our forest preserves. These same organi¬
zations make even a more strongly practical
argument by pointing out that as a State-
constructed and State-maintained project
(since the State is prohibited from leasing
or selling such lands), the cost would be a
continuous drain on the State treasury, an¬
other funnel of unwarranted taxation into
which the earnings of all the citizens of the
State would be poured.

The amendment is undoubtedly supported
by some ski enthusiasts and by those who seek
to commercialize on the venture. This taint is
obvious in the fact that only three slopes are
designated as ski trail projects. Why have
the other slopes been so specifically omitted?

We repeat, here is one of those typical vague
amendments that requires thought and de¬
liberation by every taxpayer before he steps
into the polling booth next Tuesday.

A Kink in Justice

TD ECENTLY, three men were jointly in-
dieted on a charge of conspiracy to ob¬
struct justice and defraud the United States.
The complaint was that William Fox, a
former movie producer, had loaned $27,500
to influence Judge Warren Davis in Fox’s
bankruptcy case. Morgan S. Kaufman, a
former bankruptcy » referee, was accused of
acting as the go-between in the financial deal.

Fox pleaded guilty. Davis and Kaufman
were tried two times. The jury in both cases
disagreed and the case against them has been
dropped. But Fox has been sentenced to one
year in jail and to pay a $3,000 penalty. Fox
testified that he loaned the money without
security or written evidence. The government
held this an intent to influence Judge Davis
in his decision in the bankruptcy trial. Judge
Davis denied having received the money. So
the court convicts one of the trio on his own
confession, and lets Davis and Kaufman go
free. There is just something about the record
that does not seem to square with a sense of
justice.

(<Seven Decades of Milk"

“Seven Decades of Milk” is the best book I
ever read. I read it from cover to cover three
times and loaned it to three neighbors who also
read it with satisfaction. It is now promised to
a fourth friend for reading, and I expect many
more will do the same. It has the simple solution
of the milk problem. Grant Stringer

Please send to my address “Seven Decades of
Milk” by John J. Dillon. I trust you will send
me one of the autographed copies.

The milk problem is one in which I am very
much interested and know it is a timely topic
for every adult to study. M. L. Babcock

“Seven Decades of Milk” is certainly a good
job, comprehensive and most impressively
stated and I am glad the record is in print. I
immediately read the book and loaned it to a
neighbor who has in turn loaned it to a friend.

Arthur Richards

Brevities

Egg production in New York State in September
totaled 10,000,000 dozens.

Mill consumption of apparel wool in the
United States is 75 per cent above recent years.

A compost heap of garden trash is useful, but
plants that have been diseased would better be
burned to avoid carrying over the germs for
next year.

Burdocks? Yes, they are easily killed by cut¬
ting below the crown where the root is black. A
spud or burdock digger with place to put one’s
foot are the proper tools.

Pine needle scale is becoming troublesome in
Gonnecticut, especially in dooryard plantings.
Nicotine sulphate one to 500 will handle the
young scales in the crawling stage in Summer.

Hatching eggs are being shipped from this
country to Argentina by airplane. There is de¬
mand for our improved strains of poultry in
South America, and boat shipment of eggs has
not been satisfactory.

“All the ends of the world shall remember
and turn unto the Lord: and all the kindreds of
the nations shall worship before thee.” Psa. 22:27.

Early potatoes in New Jersey yielded 179
bushels per acre. They matured before the
severe drought, which reduced the State’s cran¬
berry crop 88,000 bushels. The yield of canhouse
tomatoes was about 225,000 tons.

<P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

581

G. L. F. Chicken Feed

For some time as a poultryman, I have bought
the highest priced laying and breeding mash

that the G. L. F. sells. It changed from coarse

to fine to medium in texture and I observed
that when the batch was of the fine mash, there
was a slight decrease in production. Last
December, I received a shipment of the finest
mash I had ever seen in an experience of 30

years. The birds refused to eat it. Analysis

showed a rancid odor but nothing else to ac¬
count for the birds’ refusal to eat it. A neighbor
had the same experience about that time. He
said the mash was as fine as flour and the birds
did not eat it. Sometime before that, another
neighbor and I had a similar experience. An
analysis of the entrails of the birds showed no
infection. I sifted out four ounces of the regular
mash and four ounces of this fine mash. By a
druggist’s scale the coarse material from the
regular mash weighed three-quarters of an ounce.
From the fine mash the coarse material weighed
one-eighth of an ounce, or a proportion of one
to six. I suffered an actual loss of $400 in pro¬
duction alone besides the loss of a normal profit.

The tag of each bag showed the percentage
of each ingredient and unless there is a mistake
or a wilful substitute, there could not be six
times as much coarse material in one mash as
in the other when the tag says they are of equal
amount.

I first requested and later demanded a con¬
sideration for this loss from the G. L. F. but
the managers refused any redress. In one in¬
stance they charged the trouble to poor venti¬
lation and another time they charged it to the
possibility of colds. There was no merit in either
excuse. Charles Dyring

New York

E appealed to G. L. F. for a settlement
of this claim without results. Mr.
Dyring is a poultryman of 30 years’ experi¬
ence. He has a farm of 160 acres and a
housing capacity for 5,000 layers. His aver¬
age flock is about 3,000. He hatches from 3,000
to 5,000 chicks per year. In three years his
purchases from the G. L. F. were about $7,000
each year. His, and his neighbor’s experience
show that occasionally shipments of fine mash
reduced production. This experience was
more costly than pieviously and while
technically evidence in such a case is hard
to produce, the cold fact remains that he
suffered considerable of a loss and it is
reasonable to assume that the smaller loss
on previous occasions was multiplied in this
instance into a very substantial loss.

While it would be hardly safe to form an
opinion on one such instance alone, in con¬
sideration of the repeated complaints we have
had from G. L. F. products, it is hardly
possible to escape the conclusion that there is
something wrong with them. We have said,
and we repeat now, that, we have more com¬
plaints about G. L. F. products than from all
of the others put together. The complaints
of losses from poultrymen have been con¬
tinuous. Sometimes the birds have died; in
other cases, as in this case, production has
fallen off. In cases where sufficient proof
could be furnished, settlements have been
made; otherwise not. When we find materials
that are short in analysis, when seeds do not
grow, when production constantly falls off,
when poultry and cow production decreases
and when birds die and complaints are regis¬
tered from G. L. F. producers and practically
little or no complaint from patrons of other
supplies, we are forced to conclude that there
must be something wrong with the G. L. F.
products.

America Needs a Jackson

IT has been urged even in official circles
that $2,000,000,000 could be easily saved
annually by the national government on non¬
defense expense. Most of us have a fair con¬
ception of amounts of money expressed in
three figures or even in four figures. Only a
minor part of the people form a definite con¬
ception of amounts expressed in six figures
or up to $999,999. The writer yet remembers
an editorial in the New York World which
estimated that there were four men in New
York City worth a million dollars each. Later,
we all became familiar with the term millions
and of very recent years we have learned to
say “a billion dollars” without any conception
of just what it means. Recently, after cam¬
paigning for four months for the sale of de¬
fense savings bonds, the Treasury ai.nounced
that it had sold only $1,272083,000. When we
get into such high figures, we lose our sense
of proportions.

In 1832 President Andrew Jackson paid
the last cent the Federal government owed,

including the original debt of the colonies,
the cost of the Revolutionary War, and the
War of 1812. Besides, he distributed $35,000,-
000 to the States. In 1900 the national debt
was $1,263,416,436. Now, it is all told over
$60,000,000,000 and the authorities are esti¬
mating that the prospects are that a national
debt of $100,000,000,000 is not far off.

In the farm communities years ago, when
a scion of a wealthy family practised no
saving and spent money lavishly, no one
attempted to say how long the spendthrift’s
inherited fortune would last but all knew his
bankruptcy was only a matter of time. The
farm philosophy applies not alone to indi¬
viduals but to nations as well. Unless we
learn the meaning of thrift, the America that
we have known cannot and will not survive.

The Germond Family Murder

THE good people of the farms, the cities
and the professions in Dutchess County,
New York, express themselves as scandalized
by the record of the unpunished killings in
the County. Our reference to the atrocious
murder of the whole Germond family 11 years
ago has brought a flood of letters from
persons in all walks of life approving our
demand for an official review of the available
evidence in the case. The following extracts
from letters are typical:

From a Farm Woman:

The good name of this County demands an
official review of the Germond family murder.
I congratulate you on the performance of a
worthy public service. f. w.

Dutchess County, N. Y.

From a City Man:

I congratulate you on your editorial “The
Germond Family Murder.” A lot of us Dutchess
County residents feel as you do about this horri¬
ble affair and would like to see justice done.

The local officials who handled the job at the
time were a disgrace to their office. There was
entirely too much politics and underhanded¬
ness involved. I hope your appeal will unearth
this crime. v. E. g.

Dutchess County, N. Y.

From a High Professional Source:

I want to thank you for what you said in your
issue of October 4 about the Germond murder.
It is a great service to the people of Dutchess
County. They will thank you. Self respect com¬
pels us to do what we can to uncover this crime
without further delay. n. e.

The officials whose duty it is to maintain
peace and protect life seem to be the only
people in the County unconcerned about these
capital crimes. Some of these officials give
the impression that they are more concerned
in suppressing information in the Germond
case than in finding the culprit. Some of them
have gone so far as to decry the concern of
lay citizens and to claim exclusive official
authority, which seems to consist in doing
nothing. One high official puts the pertinent
evidence up to laymen. This paper claims
no responsibility for detective duties. It does
claim the right to express the sentiments of
the whole people for the general peace and
especially for the protection of life on the
farms. There seem to to be high up leads in
the Germond case, and, the more the tendency
to obstruct truth, the greater will be the
necessity to follow the trail to the end.

Buying a Farm

FARMING is decidedly a business enter¬
prise. Many are now considering buying
a farm as a safe investment, a hedge so to
speak, against inflation. Investment in a farm
now, as at any time, should be viewed as any
other business investment. In the first place
it requires certain definite knowledge for
success. This can be attained, but it requires
money, time and experience to secure it.

The cash investment is in many cases much
more than many people realize, and without
adequate capital, failure may be just around
the corner. Labor problems are as critical on
the farm today as is the case in industry.

Finally, and perhaps the most important is
the personal factor. Regardless of interest in
farming, capital, or knowledge, the farm
enterprise will succeed or fail, just as any
business, on the personal ability of the farm
operator.

Economy in Local Government

In my home County 22,000 voted in the last
Fall’s Presidential election but only 14,000 voted
on town, city and county candidates in the 1939
general election. Why? Those local officials are
the ones who handle our immediate affiairs, de¬
termine the kind of local government we get
and what we have to pay for it in taxes on our
farms, homes and other property. Out of all the
candidates for whom we may vote at any
general election, these are the ones we come
in contact with most, know best and should be
able to select most intelligently.

My County is two-thirds rural in voting
population. In local elections, 90 per cent of the
city’s citizens vote for city officials, for the
supervisors from their wards and the county
office candidates. In the towns, less than 60 per
cent of the citizens vote on their town officers,
supervisors and the county candidates. And it
is not a question of being able to get to the
polls.

Why bring this up now? Because this 1941
general election is at hand and the kind of town
and county governments we will get here in
New York State and the tax rates we will have
to pay on our property these next two years,
will depend on who is elected.

The State’s expenditures have been lower than
those of many other states in ratio to valuation
and population. But our local government units
have been expending twice as much per capita
as is the average cost of local government in
the other 47 states of the Union. Ohio and
Pennsylvania have very similar and seemingly
entirely adequate public facilities and services
at costs averaging around $65 per capita, com¬
pared to costs of over $120 per capita here in
New York. All this has been known for some¬
time and yet no one has come forward with
any logical explanation of why it costs twice as
much to run schools, towns, counties, villages and
cities in general in this State.

The Citizens Bureau of Governmental Re¬
search has pointed out that it would take a cut
of $700,000,000 in our town, county and other
local government units’ expenditures to bring
them back down to the costs per capita in the
other 47 states as a whole. Year after year, ap¬
proximately half of all the State-collected
revenues are paid back to local governments in
the form of State aid. If that continued and
there was the proper reduction in local ex¬
penditures, our property tax rates would be at
least cut in two, on the average throughout
the State.

In last December 28th’s Rural New-Yorker
under the heading of “Farm Taxes in New York
State,” in the January 25th issue’s “Farm Tax
Assessments” and in the March 8th’s “Paradox
at Albany,” the facts, observations and opinions
set forth brought me some compliments and some
criticisms. Among them were several well-
intended comments to which I take exception
because I believe in the ability of the citizens to
handle their own affairs and that the most worth¬
while service a publication and writer can per¬
form is not in muckraking aimed at individuals
but in bringing out matters for discussion and in
thus promoting more active interest among
citizens as to their own affairs.

Taking an active interest in public affairs is
good Americanism. When that interest lags too
far, democracy is endangered. There are
thousands of capable and conscientious public
officials in town and county and other local
offices. There are unquestionably some who are
not conscientious and an even larger number
who may be conscientious but who are not capa¬
ble and are quite complete misfits where they
are. On the other hand, there will be thousands
of candidates this Fall, the majority of whom
may be just as able and honest and, in instances
far better, than those who are in office. The
citizens always have the power to select and elect
those who are capable and honest.

It was Shakespeare who said: “Something is
rotten in the State of Denmark.” It has become
a very expressive quotation. It seemingly applies
to a lot of towns, counties and other local units
in New York State. That local government costs
twice as much in this State as it costs for
similar facilities and services in other states is
quite conclusive proof that there is plenty of
opportunity to reduce taxes on farms, homes and
other property over a considerable paid, of the
State. And there’s opportunity to see to it that
the officials elected this Fall intend to and will
do it. We have been saddled a long time now
with local tax loads beyond anything our fellow
citizens in other States have had to carry. It
is time to throw off part of that extra load and
it can be done by electing town and county and
other officials who will eliminate non-essential,
unnecessary local expenditures wherever found.

New York W. Franklin Moore

September Milk Prices

The prices paid for 3.5 per cent milk by co¬
operatives and dealers reporting for the month
of September are as follows:

Per 100 Lbs. Per Qt.

Buffalo Unity Co-op. Inc . $2.74 $0,058

Crowley’s Milk Co . 2.54 .054

M. H. Renken Dairy Co . 2.54 .054

Sheffield Producers . 2.53 .0538

Rock Royal Co-op. Inc . 2.495 .0527

Lehigh Valley Co-op. Farmers . . 2.46 .052

Dairymen’s League . 2.355 .05

These are basic prices. Fat, freight, bonuses and
other differentials and charges vary and the ac¬
tual return is more to some and less to others.

The August price of $2.40 reported for the
Dairymen’s League in the last issue was the
gross price. The net cash price was only $2,295.

582

Tbt RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 1, 1941

Live Stock and Dairy

Livestock farmers of Virginia aro
wisely basing most of their produc¬
tion programs primarily on grass. Re¬
cent census figures show the number
of all cattle and calves in Virginia,
including cows and heifers kept for
milk, to be closely approaching one
million head. Considerable numbers
of these are border-line cows, capa¬
ble of giving some milk, or they may
be allowed to nurse a beef calf in
accordance with the price of beef
or milk. Beef production has been
more attractive for the past few
years than milk. Milk so produced
is usually skimmed or separated and
the sour cream used or sold for
butter making.

As we dropped down from the
Blue Ridge Mountains following the
Skyline Drive and proceeded through
Shenandoah Valley to Blacksburg
it was noticeable that many of the
local folks are offering for sale their
famous home-cured Virginia hams.
Tourist trade has made a good
market for these excellent pork pro¬
ducts. This is being reflected by a
considerable increase in hog num¬
bers, representing about 20 per cent
during the past five years; the
present census shows that there are
almost one million hogs in Virginia.
Many of these pine woods porkers
are noted fo^ their ability to pro¬
duce an extremely lean ham, which,
cured according to the native for¬
mula, makes a product for Which
Virginia is famous.

Virginia ranks a close second in
numbers of stock sheep and lambs
for the South Atlantic States. Num¬
bers total somewhat under one-half
million head. These varied livestock
interests, now being economically
produced on improved pastures,
present a practical program which
is producing a permanent prosperity
on many Virginia farms.

Peanuts-Pork and Virginia Ham

In visiting with different folks en¬
gaged in the commercial production
of Virginia hams I found the usual
method of curing them to be a
straight salt cure, with certain modi¬
fications in curing and smoking. The
lean native type hogs have been
produced both by environment and
selective breeding. These folks, how¬
ever, have found that to produce a
ham or bacon side which will not
become oily on smoking and which
will keep well, preserving a mellow
sweet wholesome flavor for one or
more years, it is best to bring in
the shoats from the pine woods and
goober fields before they are much
over 75 pounds in weight. A harden¬
ing ration of corn and cottonseed
meal is then usually fed until they
attain a weight of 200 to 250 pounds.
Cottonseed meal is frequently mixed
with shelled corn and fed in a self-
feeder, using 80 pounds of shelled
corn and 20 pounds of cottonseed
meal. Free access to salt and water
with some range has been found
desirable. If pen fed peanuts, it has
been found best to limit total con-
sumptiton per head to not over 100
pounds. Some follow the practice of
letting the pigs root the goobers out
of the ground, using restrictive
weights as mentioned to prevent soft
pork production. Throughout the
South peanuts are usually called
goobers. ,

A recipe used on many of the
places visited consisted in covering
the hams with saltpetre, ground
fine. This required about five ounces
of saltpetre for each 100 pounds of
fresh hams. The surface is then com¬
pletely covered with fine salt. They
are next packed skin side down, and
put in piles of 4 to 5 hams. They are
allowed to remain in these piles in
a clean, dry, cool place for three
days. They are then wiped off and
fresh salt well rubbed in. They are
placed back in piles and allowed to
remain on the basis of one day for
each pound of individual ham. A
10-pound ham would thus remain
in stack after the second salting for
a period of 10 days. When removed
from the stacks the salt is washed
off with slightly warm water; they
are next wiped with a clean cloth,
and immediately well rubbed over
their entire surface, with either
fine ground black or red pepper.

Smoking such hams is both an art
and a science. Properly done with
green hickory chips, it requires a
light smoke of 30 days or more. Old-

In the Blue Ridge Mountains

By R. W. Duck

timers place their hams when smok¬
ing so there is at least a foot of
space between them to permit free
circulation of air. If pepper is again
liberally applied to the surface after
smoking and the hams are bagged
in stout paper sacks and hung in a
clean, dry, well ventilated place so
they will not touch each other, they

ventilated, dry place with sufficient
space between them to permit free
circulation of air. Hams so prepared
have been known to keep fresh,
sweet and mellow for several years.

Beef Cattle

The Virginia Agricultural Experi¬
ment Station, the Virginia State Di¬

These Guernsey heifers are part of the dairy herd owned by the Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and Agricultural Experiment Station at Blacksburg, Va.

seem to keep indefinitely. Some
prefer to wrap them with muslin and
then paint this with a light surface
coating of yellow wash. A recipe
for coating 100 pounds or more of
hams is made as follows: Six ounces
of ordinary white flour are mixed
with about two quarts of water. A
small quantity is first used and the
flour gradually added to prevent
lumping. Mix 1!4 ounces of chrome

vision of Markets, and the U. S. D. A.
Marketing Service have been co¬
operating in pasture experiments
relative to fattening steers at
Blacksburg. One group of three-
year-old steers was recently fattened
on pasture only and another group
on grain in the feed lot so as to
make similiar gains. The steers on
pasture gained 303 pounds in 182
days of grazing at the rate of five

Mr. C. Bender, Dillsbury, York County, Pennsylvania, in background,
owns these nice Jerseys. Milk from this good herd is sold in Harrisburg
under the official association approval as Jersey Creamline.

yellow in one quart of water; mix
this separate from the flour; next
add one ounce of dry glue to the
chrome yellow and water mixture.
Mix the flour and water and the
chrome yellow and glue mixtures to¬
gether; add sufficient water until the
mixture is fairly thin. Place on a
fire and let come to a boil, then add
three pounds of barium sulfate.
Keep stirring as the barium sulfate
is added. Make the wash 24 hours
before needed. Keep it well stirred

acres per steers. The lot-fed steers
consumed 1,793 pounds of shelled
corn, 364 pounds of cottonseed meal,
and 2,960 pounds of mixed hay per
head during the 182 days on feed and
gained 297 pounds each. The grain-
fed steers dressed 56.15 per cent hot
weight and the grass cattle, 54.58
per cent.

Apples for Dairy Cattle

In discussing experimental work
relative to milk production with

These Hereford steer calves are owned by the Sherwood Forest Dairy,
Frederickburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia. Many Southern farms
find the feeding of beef calves, making maximum use of good pasture, to
be a profitable and economical practice.

when using; it may be applied with
any ordinary new paint brush. Some
sack the hams in a paper sack and
then wrap this over with muslin and
then apply the yellow wash as a
final outside dressing. The hams
should then be hung in a cool, well

Prof. A. D. Pratt he called my atten¬
tion to a recent test which he and
Prof. C. W. Holdaway conducted
with cull apples for feeding dairy
cows. A summary of the results at¬
tained show that nine Holstein cows
^ were divided into three carefully

balanced groups and fed on a rever¬
sal type feeding experiment to de¬
termine the feeding value for milk
production of dry matter from 36
pounds of cull York apples fed daily,
as compared to an equal amount of
dry matter from corn silage and
timothy hay. The results of 80 days
of such feeding indicate that a pound
of dry matter from apples is worth
slightly more than a pound from
timothy hay and slightly less than
a pound of dry matter from corn
silage. When silage is worth $4.50
per ton, the results attained show
apples would be worth $2.36 per
ton which is equivalent to 5.9 cents
per bushel, and when timothy hay
is worth $14 per ton, apples would
be worth $2.15 per ton which is
equivalent to 5.4 cents per bushel.

Attention is called to the fact that
hay contains an average of about
88 per cent dry matter, corn silage
about 28 per cent, and apples ap¬
proximately 18 per cent. In this test
100 pounds of apples sucessfully re¬
placed either 15.3 pounds of timothy
hay or 51.7 pounds of well matured
corn silage for milk production.
When the cows were fed timothy
hay alone for roughage their aver¬
age daily production per head was
28.82 pounds; when apples were
substituted for part of the hay their
daily production averaged 29.54
pounds. When corn silage was used
in the roughage ration instead of
apples they averaged 30.17 pounds
of milk daily per head.

To avoid danger from possible
choking the apples fed were sliced
daily in a root cutter. Those with
large spoiled spots were discarded.
No off-flavors or bad odors were
produced in the milk as a result of
feeding apples. This was true even
though the apples were fed just
prior to milking. Due to the fact
that some off-flavors and odors did
appear in milk from cows not re¬
ceiving apples, but quartered in the
same barn it would seem desirable
to feed apples after milking. Off-
odors and flavors from apples are
more probably caused from absorp¬
tion from the air occasioned by their
presence in a barn not well venti¬
lated. It would therefore be best
not to bring them into the milking
barn until milking and remove the
milk from tne barn.

Wet vs. Dry Feeds

The investigations of Pratt at the
Virginia Station relative to utiliza-
ion and efficiency of wet versus dry
feeds for milk production demon¬
strate several pertinent and valuable
considerations. In discussing this
subject he mentioned the fact that
a survey of 17 Richmond farms,
shows the man, horse, and tractor-
hour requirements per acre to be
that silage corn required for har¬
vesting 20.1 man hours, 14.4 horse
hours, and 2.85 tractor hours, while
fodder corn required 32.4 man hours,
11.9 horse hours, and 0.45 tractor
hours, when the same variety of corn
was grown for both purposes. Using
current values for calculation, the
total cost will usually be approxi¬
mately the same for harvesting both
fodder and silage corn.

Greater economy of storage space
is possible with silage, because it
requires only approximately one-
third the space needed for storing
corn fodder. Experimental work
has shown the practice of shucking
corn, ensiling the stalks and feeding
the grain separately to be an un¬
profitable practice. Some follow this
system under the delusion that the
stalk silage is almost as beneficial
in its milk producing results as the
ensiled whole corn plant. Unfortu¬
nately it is not possible to receive
something for nothing; cows fed on
stalk silage with no increase in grain
may produce almost as great a vol¬
ume of milk for part of their lac¬
tation, but such sub-normal feeding
will result m later milk decrease
plus loss in body weight. It requires
more total feed to again attain nor¬
mal weights and production result¬
ing from a sub-maintenance ration
in ratio to the length of time it has
been practiced.

In testing the problem of wet and
dry feed and its possible influence
on milk production there was no
difference in feeding value of the
dry matter of either the beet pulp
or the corn silage when fed in the

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

583

If Troubled With

MASTITIS

Here's Joyful News

No “Guess Work”. No expensive, experi¬
ment. Just a simple, dependable plan. Your
own Personal test plus The New (Copy¬
righted) KO-EX-7 Mastitis Control Chart
does the job. Nothing like it ever before
known. Tells at a glance DEGREE OR SE¬
VERITY of trouble, as indicated by Brom
Thymol Test. Checks losses from “Slack”
quarters. Makes Dairyman “Boss” of Mas¬
titis instead of Mastitis being Boss of Dairy¬
man. BEST OF ALL, You do it yourself. Its
ACCURACY IS GUARANTEED and— it’s
mailed — FREE OF CHARGE to every Dairy¬
man who puts his herd in The KO-EX-7
“Safety Zone”. For details of FREE OFFER
write Sterling Research Corp., Dept. A-3, 775
Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. Send no money.
Just name, address and number of cows.

The FINEST in MILKERS!

Better, Faster, More
Simple, Sanitary
And Easily Operated

ANDERSON PORTABLE AND PIPELINE MILKERS
ARE POSITIVELY UNEQUALED AT ANY PRICE

Write or Wire

ANDERSON MILKER CO., INC., JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

wet or in the dry form. In arriving
at this conclusion Prof. Pratt evalu¬
ated feed intake, milk production
and changes in body weight.

Animals receiving wet feed con¬
sumed a greater total amount of
water but actually drank less. Cows
fed corn silage ate more dry matter
when fed wet silage than when fed
dry silage. However, cows fed wet
beet pulp ate less dry matter than
those fed dry beet pulp. Feeding wet
beet pulp seemed to limit the capa¬
city for the total ration, or to cause
the cows to be satisfied before they
consumed as much digestible nutri¬
ents as those cows receiving dry
beet pulp. No consistent difference
in milk production was apparent
whether roughage was fed in a wet
or in a dry form when adequate
water at proper temperature was
available.

The group fed dried beet pulp re¬
ceived four pounds per animal twice
daily. The other two groups were
fed per animal the same weight of
beet pulp soaked for 12 hours with
three times its weight of water. Both
groups were limited to the amount
of hay consumed by the group that
ate less. The third or continuous
group was fed the same amount of
wet pulp as the second group, and
was allowed as much hay as it would
consume. This group was designed
to determine if the inclusion of wet
feed would cause greater hay con¬
sumption. The continuous group pro¬
duced less milk than either of the
other groups and consequently was
fed less grain. The extra hay eaten
was little than enough to compensate
was little more than enough to com¬
pensate for the smaller amount of
grain.

EXCELLENT FOR
CAKED UDDERS

Send 35e today for full size
tube Celo Salve and note the
excellent results. Agents wanted.
Distributed by

UTICA CELO, Ine.

623 First Bank Building,
Utica, New York

| ABERPEEN-ANGUS ,C~“ |

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Of Aberdeen-Anguj beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen- An gua Breeders* Aiaoclation, Col¬
lege Park, Md.. or Eastern Aberdeen -Angus Breeders'
Association, Ithaca, New York.

Young cows, heifer calves at foot. Open yearling heifer
and feeder steer calves popular bloodlines Beg. accredit¬
ed and approved. GROOS FARM, Grahamsville, N. Y.

HEREFORDS

FOR

UTTER

REEDING

OLCOMB’S

EALTHY

ARDY

EREFORDS

) Bulls, Cows
( and Heifers
(■ For Sale

John E. Redman, Owner; Robert J. Generaux Mgr.
HOLCOMB, NEW YORK

JERSEYS

FOUR young registered Jersey cows. Will freshen in
November. Accredited for T.B. and Bangs. From But¬
ler and Vanderbilt stock. Sybil and Financial breed¬
ing. Heavy producers, high butterfat rating. Baised
from best, production, type and bloodlines.

C. NAUGHTON, Route 32, PLATTEKILL, N. Y.

Fine registered Jersey bull twenty months; also
registered and grade Herefords; cows and bull.

JOHN BRODERICK, CHATHAM, NEW YORK

DOGS

■ ■1ITREBRED COCKF.R PUPS AND DOGS.
•L Non-Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably

priced. V. S. KENYON . MARCELLOS, NEW YORK

CT DCDM A DDQ All breeds, details free!! Book:
Ol. DLIulnlYDO io4 photos, descriptions, recognized
breeds, 25c. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

Great Dane Pups

Reg. $35. up. Time payments.

FARM HOLM, New Paltz, N. Y.

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

AIREDALES — The all-round dog. Will Ship C.O.D.

SHADY SIDE FARM, - MADISON, N. Y.

SHEPHERD-COLLIE PUPS, with herding instinct,
make heel-drivers, beauties. Wilmot, East Thetford, Vt.

Reg. Collies— Beagles SiS',!'-
Farm Raised SHEPHERDS Lisbon, Hew York

Gordon Setter pups reg. Splendid Partridge, Pheasant,
Quail dogs. Field Gordon Kennels, Somers, Conn.

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS— Details free.
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON. NEW YORK

Chicken Farmers: Written guarantee. Doberman puppies
make biting dogs. Rehfeld, R.D. No. 2, Barneveld, N.Y

I SHEEP

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

^[tirnncfiiroe of best duality. Offering for sale
omupoimca yearling rams and ewes; also ram
lambs sired by Iroquois Augustus; also two aged
rams Iroquois Drummond and Iroquois Brilliant.

L. F. CUTHBERT, OGDENSBURG, NEW YORK

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville, N. Y.

f ORRIFDAl F Rams. All ages; farmers’ prices.

UmmCUALE J. H. Whitmore. Mt. Morris, N. Y.

REGISTERED Cheviot Sheep at reasonable prices.
EDWARD F. ROCHESTER, ARLINGTON, VT.

Beets for Livestock

What is the food value of cow
beets for feeding cows and pigs? We
were thinking about planting a
couple of acres next Spring. w. g.

New York

Mangel beets or as sometimes
called mangel wurzels contain an
average of only between nine and
ten per cent dry matter. They should
be stored for three or four weeks
after harvesting, because if fed fresh
they may cause scours. They should
be fed gradually and may be fed in
accordance with appetite for cows.
Common garden beets contain about
13 per cent dry matter and about
ten per cent total digestible nutrients.
Mangels contain between seven and
eight per cent total digestible nu¬
trients. Corn silage has about twice
the feeding value of beets. Except in
small quantities beets are not a satis¬
factory hog feed, because they con¬
tain too much water and fiber.

R. w. D.

HOLSTEINS

Third Annual

EASTERN NEW YORK HOLSTEIN CLUB
CONSIGNMENT SALE

To Be Held At The

Dutchess County Fair Grounds,
Rhinebeck, New York

November 8, 1941

30 cows, fresh and close springers. 15
Heifers of all ages. 5 young bulls ready
for service. All from T. B. accredited
herds. Negative to Bloodtest. All milk¬
ing cows tested for Mastitis night
before sale.

PAUL ERWIN, Sales Manager.

AMENIA, NEW YORK

.*. GOATS

DAIRY GOAT JOURNAL, Dept. 167, FAIRBURY,
NEBRASKA. Monthly magazine crammed with help¬
ful information. 3 years $1.00. Introductory: 3 copies 10c.

COIN Nine Toggenburg grade does coming
yearlings. Sell or trade what have
you? ROBERT ADAMS, BATH, NEW YORK

TOGGENBURG — Two good milkers, freshened July,
also one 20-month doe and three month kid. reasonable.

E. GEELAN, Ridge Road, NEW CITY, NEW YORK

C A A N F N Sell nice grade Does reasonable.

OH A IT Ci It FARMH0LM, NEW PALTZ, N. Y.

T neoanlmra Milk does: bred; sold on approval.

loggenDerg pony farm, himrod, n. y.

MINKS

0IIAI1TY M,NK for sale. Outstanding breeders.
yum.il i select from 1,500 mink. Write or visit

Norms Mink Ranch, R. D. 4, Middletown, New York

GUINEA PIGS

Wanted English Cavies. Send full description, prices.

warned F. lucas, 1789 third ave., n. y.

Miscellaneous

Milking Shorthorns, bull calves to service age. Silver
Fox Rabbits. HENDRICKSON, Cobleskill, New York

lAORt WkK X
mom pom

MORI EGOS

|'M NO BOTTLENECK IN
THE DEFENSE PROGRAM

Your JAMES WAY MAN will show you
how to BUILD, REMODEL and EQUIP
for GREATER PRODUCTION

reNmEoV°uBed

He can show you how equipment for solf feed¬
ing and watering cows, hogs and chickens will
increase production and save labor — show
you how sensible remodeling can make old
buildings handier and more comfortable and
more PROFITABLE. How you can really cash
in on high milk, pork and egg prices.

i The Way to Get Your Work
i Done When You're Shorthanded

I Farm help is scarce. The only way to make
K up for this lack of man-power is to use labor-
■ saving equipment. Let cows, hogs and hens
B help themselves. Let boys do men's work
B around the barn with modern litter carriers,
B stanchions, etc. to make the job lighter.

B Your JAMES WAY dealer has the latest and
B best . . . improved stanchions, water -cups,
B litter carriers, feed trucks, self feeders and
B waterers, and a complete line of poultry
B equipment. See these devices that enable
B you to produce MORE with LESS help.
I Write for FREE Litorature-

1 JAMES MFC. CO., Dept RN-1141
Ft. Atkinson, Wis. • Elmira, N. Y«
Oakland, California

DRlNK‘NG

CARR‘ERS

.OULTRY

houses

with LESS
FARM HELP!

AYRSHIRES

For Better Udders

Noted for shapely, strongly at¬
tached udders that wear like iron

Write lor literature and list of breeders
near you with stock lor sale

Ayrshire Breeders’ Association,
96 Center St., Brandon, Vt.

SHORTHORNS

TREMENDOUS NEW OPPORTUNITY

for Milking Shorthorn raisers due to defense pro¬
gram. U. S. and Great Britain urgently need all milk
and meat this country can produce. Greatest oppor¬
tunity with Milking Shorthorns. Hold official world's
records for milk and butterfat production. Greatest
salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50c, one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY,
Dept. F-3, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BRED Dual Purpose Shorthorn Bulls

Best for meat and milk production.

WM. J. BREW & SONS, BERGEN, NEW YORK

GUERNSEYS

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.
4 yr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS, DELHI, NEW YORK

HORSES and PONIES

REGISTERED BELGIANS

STALLIONS — MARES — COLTS

Imported and American bred Sorrels and Roans

AT STUD: Reg. Imported Belgian Stallion

"BRILLANT DE COURTRAI"

Sorrel, Light Mane and Tail

DIAMOND SLASH L STOCK FARM

PITTSFIELD, NEW HAMPSHIRE

• DISPERSAL SALE#

Ponies; Shctlands and larger ponies. Some half-bred
Morgans. Prices drastically reduced to close out. Broken
ponies, brood mares, young stock.

TORREYA FARM, MILLBROOK, NEW YORK

PFRPHFROM mares in foal and colts

A LRLIlCIVl/n at work horse prices.

AUGUST NEILITZ, R.D. 2, PINE CITY. N. Y.

SWINE

CHESTER WHITES

With the blood of grand champions, champions and
junior champions streaming down both sides. Now is
the time to buy young stock and improve your herd.
Two and three months pigs, both sexes, from large
litters, sired by Rainbow Lad $15.00 and up.
EUGENE K. DENTON, Farm: Flanders, New Jersey
Office: One West 57th St., New York

XlegisteredL

YORKSHIRE SWINE BACON TYPE

Service boars. Sows, Pigs. From imported stock.
Will qualify for any show.

HAROLD F. STEWART

Canisteo, R. D. No. 2, New York

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

•YORKSHIRES*

The World’s Best Bacon Hog.

Write for Booklet and Prices.

W. E. REASONER & SONS,

R. F. D. 4, - Watertown, New York

Hardy Range Grown Pigs

Chester, Chester-Yorkshire cross, also Chester-Hamp-
shire cross 6-7 weeks $4.50; 8 weeks $5.00. Well
bred stock. Will ship C. O. D.

HENRY ANDERSON, R.F.D. Box 229, Maynard, Mass.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
_ ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN. MASS.

PUREBRED HAMPSHIRES

A few choice young boars for sale. Sired by Son of
Famous Smooth Clan. Also, a few Open Spring Gilts.
Write ALBERT B. ASHF0RTH, MILLBROOK, N. Y.

nogistcred

Berkshire Weanling Pigs

One May boar. LESLIE M. MERWIN, Fillmore, N. Y.

RUGGED P 1 G_S — Chester WTiites, Chester-Berkshire.
xorkshire-Chester. Duroc cross, 6-8 weeks $4.50; 10
weeks $5.00: 12 weeks $6.00. Vaccination 50c if de¬
sired. All good feeders. Ship C. O. D. Crates free

CARL ANDERSON, Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

C1?,an Vaccinated Pigs iSL “i “ISS

REG. CHESTER WHITES

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Keiton, Chester Co..* Penna.'

RAISE REG. HEREFORD HOGS — Profitable, popular
new breed Market meat type. Pigs, sows, boars.
Circular. Prices. Yalehurst Farm, Peoria, Illinois.

REG.DUROCS KV,X..i.”iS;"c,S! ft:

FOR SALE ’b'oWEN, PigAofLLEY,eedinNffEWBU^^

i\rrite advertisers, mention

Ine Rural New-Yorker and you'll get
a quick reply and a “ square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : • •

t - - - - -

150 PROFITABLE HIGH BRED REG. HOLSTEIN CATTLE 150

Sell at Auction in the 137th Sale, Heated Pavilion, Earlville, Madison Co., New York

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6, AT 10 A. M. PROMPTLY

A. complete herd backed by 23 years of CTA records will be dispersed. Many sensational
offerings with records up to 697 lbs. of fat CTA. Every animal healthy on all tests— T B
Bang’s, Mastitis, majority eligible for immediate shipment into Pennsylvania and
New England.

R. AUSTIN BACKUS, Sales Manager, MEXICO, N. Y.

584

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 1, 1941

The Hill Farms

Ramblings

It is always a temptation, even
when the little green car and I are
out on a personal ramble, to stop
along when we see, or hear of an
interesting farm or farm business.
For instance, one Saturday afternoon
I found a dairy goat farm and a
turkey farm, both within two or
three miles of my week-end home
near Yorktown. The goats were way
up on a hill and I hope they appre¬
ciated the gorgeous view from their
pasture as much as we humans did.
The barn and all the surroundings
were ship-shape and business-like
and it was very evident that the
pleasant lad who showed us around
not only knew his business but was
fond of the little milkers.

At the turkey farm there was a
mixed flock of handsome birds being
fattened for the holiday market and
enjoying life as only turkeys inno¬
cent of their fate can do. Some of
them were on range and others on
wire and all were being scientifically
reared.

Another Saturday we rambled over
into Connecticut and stopped to see
Mrs. Briggs, one of our good con¬
tributors who lives close by the
Mark Twain Library in West Red¬
ding. That same day I tried to find
another contributor near Stepney
but instead found the hospitable
home of the Wrights, subscribers who
were most friendly.

During the Summer I made fre¬
quent stops at Cressbrook Farm, an¬
other goat breeding and dairy farm
at Holmes, N.‘ Y., owned by a long
time friend who started with little
but an idea and by hard, intelligent
work has built up an excellent herd
and business.

We headed for the colors in the
Berkshires over the Columbus Day
week-end and on the way stopped
at the Juniper Hills Herb Farm near
Canaan, Conn. That is a place to
appeal to gardener and cook alike for
all the herbs are grown on the farm
and made right there into the most
delectable combinations and vine¬
gars. This farm, off on a side road,
is just another instance of a path
being beaten to a door where good
things are to be had.

The Berkshires were lovely as al¬
ways, though the color was not so
brilliant as last year, due to the long
drought and the unseasonable Octo¬
ber heat. It was pleasant to be able
to ramble off the highways and into
the byways, which isn’t always
possible on business trips, and now
the faithful little green car is going
into winter quarters but we hope
we can start out together again
next Spring. c. b. w.

“Try This One” is a book of stunts
by Alexander Van Rensselaer, author
of Betcha Can’t Do It. It is amusing¬
ly illustrated and no party can be
dull if the host or hostess has some
of these “ice melters” ready to get
things going. Published by D. Apple-
ton Century Company, New York,
and priced at $2.

I love the little hill farms best:
They always seem the pleasantest.
The morning sunshines on the hill,
When valleys lie in shadow still.

The northwest wind may bring
cooler weather but it will be dry for
the next three months. Those who
planted their cabbages in the moon
last April, cast hopeful eyes toward
the Queen of Night and then slowly
shook their heads. It is a dry moon
too, and householders one after an¬
other look beseechingly at the low¬
ering spring or brook, while we look
upon the ever changing color of our
hills and wonder if that misty cur¬
tain is just the fall haze or a small
smoke screen from a forest fire.

All the year axes and saws have
rung in our quiet forests. About two
miles above us 80 men and 22 horses
are busy with pulp wood to supply
The Rural New-Yorker and other
periodicals with the needed paper.
A bit farther on is a camp of 30
doing the same work and in the
vicinity mills are busy turning out
lumber for National Defense or to
house defense workers and this con¬
dition is repeated in all directions on
our hills so m all reverance I say
”God keep us safe from flame.” Al¬
ready our sister State of New Hamp¬
shire is viewing her hills and moun¬
tains denuded by both hurricane and
need, and considering perhaps ex¬
emption or at least a lower tax rate
to encourage reforestation. Perhaps
Vermont will consider such a step in
the next legislature.

In spite of drought, many farmers
are reporting much rot in the potatoes
caused by late blight; in some in¬
stances more than 50 per cent are
rotten but nearly all report good
yields.

The local fairs had good exhibits
of fruit and vegetables and every one
is proud of their well filled cup¬
boards of home canned foods. The
fancy work, or rather handicraft, ex¬
hibit was good and I was much in¬
terested in some crocheted curtains.

One quilt too was lovely. It was
a simple design of single trumpet
narcissus of pale yellow with a deep
orange trumpet appliqued on white
with an abundance of green grassy
foliage. I think one could make her
own pattern from a bulb catalog

At eventide they hold the light,
When all the lowlands lies in night.
On sunny slopes the mayfiowers hide;
There first the robin brings his bride.

picture and carbon paper, then ar¬
range the flowers and leaves to suit
ones’ self. So far my ambition hasn’t
gone beyond trying it out on a
cushion.

Last night a man who lived in
town nearly 40 years ago was our
guest. Our ancestors settled in this
part of the town in 1810 while his
settled in another part of the town
in 1830 and his ever-so-great grand¬
father had a family of 18 children.
One of his ancestors found himself
short of ready cash so he went to
barns and filled sacks with seed,
mainly sorrel seed, and set out with
a wagon load of “not clover seed.”
I understand he didn’t begin selling
until he crossed the southern bound¬
ary of Vermont where Green Moun¬
tain not clover seed sold like hot
dogs at a fair. The next year he
was again in that section and
customer after customer demanded
adjustment, but he serenely told
them “I said it was not clover seed
and if any of you can prove I sold
him clover seed I will gladly pay
him the damage.”

This is Vermont’s sesqui-centennial
year and many a story of good old
days is re-told. One that is oft re¬
peated is of a man who traded his
wife to a neighbor for a bushel of
onions. Legend has it both lived
happily by this agreement to the end
of their days, and that is more than
can be said of some modern
marriages.

We have had several frosts of
varying degrees and again we are
revelling in plants that defy first
frosts, Gruss an Teplitz roses and
two small bushes of polyantha
parentage are as happy as in June
and hardy asters fairly buzz with
bumble bees. mrs. j. x. w.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

Please do not send packages for
anyone on the Handicrafter list to
this office. Ask us for the full ad¬
dress and then send the package
direct or better still write to the per¬
son first. This will save considerable
time and disappointment, especially
in the case of bulbs or cuttings.
Sometimes packages have come to
us in bad condition for forwarding
and must be repacked before re¬
mailing. c..b. w.

“I have a surplus of house plants,
coleus, begonias, etc., also some
perennials, some very nice Sanse-
viera and a few cactus which I
would be glad to exchange for lilies,
Japanese Iris, Phlox, Chrysanthe¬
mums or what have you.”

Pennsylvania mrs. b. n.

“I would like to exchange cro¬
cheted doilies. I will send to each
sending me one, a doily of equal
value to the one received.”

Pennsylvania mrs. g. m. w.

"I have three applique patchwork
quilt designs that I would like to
exchange for other applique designs.
My designs are tulip, sunflower and
flower basket.” mrs. p. b.

New Jersey

“I am interested in book binding,
weaving, quilt making, cooking and
gardening. I would like to exchange
ideas.” mrs. m. c. p.

New Jersey

“I would like to hear from patch-
work and crochet fans, and also like

Soup’s On!

Clam Chowder. — Two dozen clams,
one pint potatoes, two teaspoons
pepper, one teaspoon salt, three slices
salt pork, three good sized onions,
three large crackers, three carrots,
one quart tomatoes.

Scrub clams. Add one-half cup
water, cover and steam until they
open. Remove from shells and grind
clams returning them to clam broth
in kettle. Gripd pork and fry, add¬
ing it (with the fat) to clams, onions
and carrots, ground, also. Add to
this mixture three quarts of water
and boil one hour. Add ground
potatoes and cook one-half hour
longer. Put tomatoes through strain¬
er and grind crackers, adding both
to the chowder. Place on back of
stove until ready to serve.

Split Pea Soup. — One cup yellow
or green split peas, 10 cups ham
liquor, two cups milk, one onion,
three tablespoons butter, two table¬
spoons flour, one-fourth teaspoon
pepper.

Soak peas over night in water in
which a ham was boiled. (Let liquor
get cold and remove fat from top
before using). In morning add
onion, cut up, and simmer until soft,
about four hours. Put through sieve
and add to sauce made by melting
the butter, adding flour, then milk
and stirring until thickened. Com¬
bine mixtures and if too thick, add
more milk.

Cream soups are a pleasant change
occasionally but should be served in
a hot dish as soon as made. If they
must stand, put over hot water as
they scorch easily.

Cream of Tomato Soup. — One
quart tomatoes, one-fourth teaspoon
pepper, six tablespoons flour, six
tablespoons butter, one-fourth tea¬
spoon soda, one teaspoon salt, one
quart milk.

Simmer canned tomatoes five
minutes. Rub through sieve, add soda
and keep hot while making white
sauce of the other ingredients. When
ready to serve, add tomato juice
slowly to white sauce, stirring con¬
stantly. Serve immediately.

Tomato soup will not curdle if
you use soda, pour tomato juice
slowly into the white sauce, and
do not cook after combining.

Cream of Celery Soup. — Three
cups celery, one pint boiling water,
21/2 cups milk, one small onion, four
tablespoons flour, three tablespoons
butter, one teaspoon salt, one-eighth
teaspoon white pepper.

Wash and scrape celery. Cut into
small pieces and cook in the boiling
water until soft, then rub through
a strainer. To this add enough water
to make a pint (two cups). Heat
the onion in the milk in a double
boiler. Remove onion and make a
white sauce with other ingredients.
Combine mixtures and serve. This is
a good way to use the tops and out¬
side stalks of the celery. r. p. w.

To Make Sauerkraut

I learned this method many years
ago and have always had the best
of luck with it. The beauty of it
is that one can make kraut of one
head or a dozen.

Cut cabbage for kraut using a
level teaspoon or more to suit taste
of salt to a medium sized head of
cabbage. Pack tight in jars, press
down firmly enough that it forms
juice to make it airtight. By jars
is meant pint, quart or half gallon
jars — any jar that can be sealed
later. Of course these jars, rubbers
and caps must be sterile, put on
rubber and cap after filling jar,
close as for cold packing; do not
seal. Place in cellar to ferment The
time it takes to ferment will depend
on temperature of cellar, etc. This
kraut will keep several months with¬
out disturbing; when it begins to get
too ripe pressure and seal in jar.
This method saves lots of handling,
is in small containers ready to use and
keeps much longer than that made
in a large crock. I usually make up
the heads of cabbage as they split.
The juice from kraut is a healing
remedy to stomach and bowels for
many people. Uncooked kraut is
easily digested by many folks suffer¬
ing from stomach and liver trouble,
while cooked cabbage is indigestible
to them. Kraut juice, lemon juice
and fresh buttermilk are three of
nature’s natural stomach and bowel
remedies. a. d. h.

You can have plenty of hot water in the kitchen with the same kind of an , . . , .

automatic hot water heater that you use in the milkhouse. This one is the new cooking recipes and enjoy sew-

inexpensive non-pressure type. Cold water is put into the reservoir at the ing.” mrs. c. b.

top and the hot water comes out the spout at the side. Maine

For little hill farms nearest are
To guardian angel, watching star.
The strongest home-love one can
know

Is for the nills: God made it so.

Agnes Barden Dustin

From the Little Brown House

(

585

Mother/ThisHome-
Mixed Cough Relief
Is Wonderful

No Cooking. Very Easy. Saves Dollars.

To get the most surprising relief from
coughs due to colds, you can easily pre¬
pare a medicine, right in your own kit¬
chen. It’s very easy — a child could do
it _ needs no cooking, and tastes so good
that children take it willingly. But you’ll
say it beats them all for quick results.

First, make a syrup by stirring 2 cups
of granulated sugar and one cup of water
a few moments, until dissolved. Then get 2%
ounces of I’inex from any druggist, and pour
it into a pint bottle. Then add your syrup.
This gives you a full pint of really splendid
cough syrup — about four times as mueh
for your money. It never spoils, and lasts
a family a long time.

And for real quick relief, it can't be
beaten. It acts in three ways' — loosens
the phlegm, soothes the irritated mem¬
branes, and helps clear the air passages.

Pinex is a special compound of proven
ingredients in concentrated form, well
known for prompt action in coughs and
bronchial irritations. Money refunded if
it doesn't please you in every way.

don’t WORRY

Why put up with years of
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worry? Try a Brooks
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systems, greenhouses, irrigations, fences, etc.
Cut to sketch and stocked. Also —

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Write us your wants and let us quote you prices.

ALBERT PIPE SUPPLY CO.. Inc.
Berry & INo. 13th St. Brooklyn, N. Y.

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Do You Know
This Woman?

We want, to get in touch with a
capable woman who lives in a
rural section in Pennsylvania
and enjoys a wide acquaintance
in her community. One who has
been active in church work,
Grange activities or similar
movements preferred. To such a
woman we offer an opportunity
to earn a weekly income during
her spare time. She will find the
work pleasant and congenial.
Her earnings will depend upon
her ability. No investment of
any kind is required. If you feel
that you meet the requirements,
and wish to increase your in¬
come, write promptly to —

Business Women, Care The
Rural New-Yorker,

333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.

7ht RURAL NEW-YORKER

If the Doctor Says: “ You Have Colitis ”

One of our readers has requested
information about colitis. What is
it? What causes it? And how is it
usually treated?

Of course no one can decide he
has colitis by himself. Only a doctor
can ever diagnose. It is, as we re¬
peatedly have told you, very danger¬
ous indeed to try to decide what
certain symptoms mean and try to
treat them through self -prescribed
medications.

The digestive system is a wonder¬
ful machine meant to function
quietly, quickly, painlessly all the
time. But like other parts of our
bodies it is often neglected and al¬
lowed to become upset.

It is such neglect which is generally
the cause of colitis. What is colitis?
Simply this: An inflammation of the
mucous membrane which lines the
first part of the large intestines called
“the colon.”

What brings it about? Nervous¬
ness is a contributing factor. It is
commonly found in women who are
nervous. Tense, taut nerves affect
the colon’s muscles making them
react in one of two ways. Either they
become so tense that they cannot
function properly and food is re¬
tained far too long, giving off into
the colon poisons resulting from
putrefaction, or they get so “excited”
that they are over-active and
diarrhea results. The mucous mem¬
branes themselves may become so
upset and injured that mucus will
be passed in the stools. Indeed that
is one of the symptoms of colitis.

Another cause, instead of or in
addition to nervousness may T»e an
infection in some part of the body,
suppurative tonsils; diseased ovaries;
decaying teeth, are among the many
things which may lead to an attack
of colitis. Therefore when colitis is
present the doctor will want to
examine all parts of the body and
may even have x’rays taken to dis¬
cover the causative agent.

Cathartics taken over a long period
of time may cause colitis. Foods had
much better be relied upon, to stimu¬
late sluggish intestines, than drugs
of any kind.' If a doctor orders a
laxative medicine, he does not ex¬
pect it to become a habit.

Hot water with lemon juice in it,
taken daily before breakfast; water
drunk frequently all day; fruits and
fruit juices; vegetables, buttermilk,
all help to combat constipation.

Coarse foods, however, if taken in
excessive amounts, will aggravate
and irritate the colon if there is
even slight inflammation there al¬
ready. Therefore, if the doctor says
that certain symptoms indicate the
possible presence of colitis, he will
advise a diet of soft, non-irritating
foods. Among these are cream
soups; vegetables put through a sieve;
strained juices of prunes, oranges,

Hulled Corn — The Modern
Method

Pick over the dried yellow corn.
One quart of corn makes about four
when cooked. If you have a large
kettle it is best to make a quantity
according to the size of the kettle
using the directions based on one
quart of corn.

Cover 1 quart of corn with 2 quarts
of cold water to which has been
added 2 tablespoons of soda. Soak
overnight. Boil in the same water,
adding more as needed until the
hulls appear to be loosened. This
will take 3 or more hours according
to the age of the corn. Drain and
then pour over cold water and rub
the corn between the hands to
loosen the hulls. As they rise to the
top pour them off and keep adding
water and rubbing the corn until all
are loosened. Possibly the corn may
require more cooking to loosen the
hulls. After the hulls are all washed
from the corn, boil again in clear
water. Drain again, add a teaspoon
of salt for each quart of corn and
boil gently until the corn is tender.
Probably about 4 hours. Serve hot
in bowls of milk.

When making a large quantity it
is a good idea to cold pack several
cans for Summer use as hulled corn
and cold milk make a delicious lunch
or supper on a hot day. In case a
part is to be canned the 4-hour boil¬
ing in salted water may be carried
on in the hot water bath.

New York Fannie E. Stafford

apples, peaches, pears and grape¬
fruit.

Soft cooked eggs; cottage cheese;
well-cooked lamb, beef, chicken or
fish — never fried, but boiled, baked
or broiled. Lots of milk will be
ordered. Buttermilk and sour milk
are fine. Acidophilus milk is es¬
pecially beneficial. This may be pur¬
chased at a drugstore or may be
made at home, though this is quite
a job.

Some physicians advocate giving
up all meat when an attack of
colitis is suffered. There are present
in the colon all the time multitudes
of bacteria or microbes. Most of
these are harmless. Under certain
conditions, however, they may go
on a rampage and stir up a great
deal of trouble.

Vegetarians say that meat — es¬
pecially that not sufficiently well-
cooked — is more likely to cause
putrefactive bacteria to develop than
any other food. This may or may
not be true. But fruits, vegetables
and dairy products do agree well
with victims of colitis.

What will the doctor be most
likely to order for a case of colitis?
Rest and quiet for the nervous
person. Rest in bed if loose bowels
have depleted the patient’s strength.
Restriction of diet to a very marked
degree, so that the inflammation
may subside.

Warm application to the abdomen
will be allowed to relieve the pain.
No drugs may be ordered at all.
Perhaps warm olive oil enemas will
be suggested, to be taken at bedtime.

And — the overcoming of constipa¬
tion by plain mechanical methods —
mineral oil, water, fruit juices and
laxative diet — will undoubtedly be
strongly advocated.

Beulah France, R. N.

Start Your Gifts Now!

7095 — These cunning toys are made of but
two identical pieces with ear and wings
done separately. Use up odds and ends and
delight some tiny youngster here and that
unfortunate one abroad! Pattern contains
a transfer pattern of three toys; instruc¬
tions for making them; materials needs;
illustrations of stitches.

7114 — They’re so easy to crochet, these smart
slippers, that you’ll want to make a pair for
yourself, one for that good friend and one
or two for the War Relief. You’ll enjoy it!
Pattern contains instructions for making
them in any size; illustrations of them and
stitches; materials needed.

Prices of patterns 10 cents (in coin) each.
Send all orders to The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St„ New York, N. Y.

STOP LEAKS

MAKE LOOSE PARTS TIGHT

jnaxa

Heating System Leaks Loose Hardware

When your boiler, heater, auto engine, crankcase or
radiator develops a crack or leak, or when parts of
apparatus, fixtures, hardware, utensils, etc., become
loose, Smooth-On No. 1 makes a quick sure, lasting
repair. Used like putty; can be applied by any
handy man. Proven by 45 years on the market.
Obtainable from hardware stores or if necessary from
us, in 1%-oz. or 7-oz. cans, also larger sizes.

40-PAGE
Handbook

I Describes dozens of money¬
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I repairs. Send postal TODAY
I for free copy.

Smooth-On Mfg.Co., Dept 39.

1 570 CommunipawAv. JerseyCity.N.J.

The American Fashion Front, with all its
originality and color, is covered by our
1941-42 pattern book. Order your copy
today, and plan the most attractive Fall
and Winter wardrobe you’ve ever owned!
You’ll start off by reading the expert ad¬
vice on planning a new wardrobe. Then
you’ll use the Free Gloves and Belt Pattern
thafs all ready to cut out! Next, if you’re
an average young American woman, you’ll
make up a few of the military-trim tailoreds.
And if you’re a college girl, you’ll be in¬
terested in our gay on-and-off campus
clothes. Budgeteer frocks that really slim
and practical styles for “small fry’’ — gift-
list ideas — an accessory scrapbook— and war
relief sewing complete this wonderful book
of easy-tq-make fashion! Price of the book
is 15 cent's; a book and a pattern together,
25 cents.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in yonr address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not be forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address label
on your R. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
if yon wish to change yonr addresa.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

586

Vk RURAL NEW-YORKER

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The Market Administrator’s uniform milk
price for September 1941 is $2.54 for 3.5
per cent milk in the 200-210 mile zone.
This uniform price is based on the follow¬
ing prices: Class 1 (fluid milk in marketing
area) $2.88; Class 1 (outside non-federal)
$2.74; Class 1 (relief) $2.31; Class 2-A
(fluid cream) $2.54 per cwt.

The five other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $2,384; 2-C,
$2.33; 3, $2.23; 4-A, $1,787; 4-B, $2,156.

Fluid sales for the whole month of
September 1941 amounted to 246,119,266
pounds and there was a total of 466,931,894
pounds in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 16 cents.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 35%c; 90 to 92 score,
33% to 34!/2c; unsalted, best, 36 Vic.

EGGS

Premium marks, 42c; specials, 39c; stand¬
ards, SSVic; Pacific Coast, specials, 45'/2C;
standards, 4214c; brown, fancy, 43c.

LIVE POULTRY

Fowls, 21c; chickens, 20c; roosters, 16c;
ducks, 12 to 15c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 19.c; chickens, 28c; turkeys, 30c;
ducks, 17c; geese, 14c; squabs, 42c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $10.35; cows, $8; bulls, $9.50;
calves, $15.50; sheep, $12.50; lambs, $12.50.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.75; grapes, 12-qt. bkt., 90c;
pears, bu., $1.25; plums, y2-bu., bkt., $1;
strawberries, pt., 22c.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $2; brussels sprouts, qt.,
20c; cabbage, 1% bu., $1.25; cauliflower,
crate, $2; horseradish, 100 lbs., $10; onions,
50 lbs., $1.50; peas, bu., $2; spinach, bu.,
80c; squash, bu., $1; tomatoes, 12-qt., bkt.,
75c; rutabagas, 50 lbs., 80c; watercress,
bunch, 3c; potatoes, 100 lbs., $1.75;

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, $24; No. 2, $23; No. 3, $21;
straw, rye, $20.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red $1.21%; com, No. 2,
88c; oats. No. 2, 56%c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 48c; eggs, 56 to 60c; grapes, lb.,
10c; apples, lb., 3 to 4c; peas, lb., 15c;
stringbeans, lb., 12c.

Pennsylvania Markets

Butter, 39c; eggs, 41c; live fowls, 22c;
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 25c; chickens,
26c; apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs.,
$1.25; tomatoes, %-bskt., $1.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12.75; bulls, $11; cows, $8.50;
calves, $15.50; sheep $5; lambs, $12; hogs,
$11.50.

PITTSBURGH MARKETS
Butter, 34%c; eggs, 42c; hens,, 21c;
cfilc'kens, 19c; potatoes, $1.60; apples, bu.,
$1.65; onions, 50 lbs., $1.40.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12.50; bulls, $7.25; cows, $8;
calves, $15; sheep, $4; lambs, $12; hogs,
$10.25.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter,. 36%c; eggs, 45c; live fowls, 18c;
chickens, 20c; dressed fowls, 25c; chickens,
24c; apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs.,
$1.65; wool, 48 to 50c.

Egg Grading School

The 1941 Connecticut Egg Grading
and Marketing School was held at
the University of Connecticut, Storrs,
Connecticut, September 8-11. It was
sponsored by the University of
Connecticut, Connecticut Department
of Agriculture and Northeastern
Poultry Producers Council, with the
U. S. Department of Agriculture co¬
operating.

Every phase of egg marketing was
represented. Eleven states and the
District of Columbia were repre¬
sented as follows: Connecticut, 30;
New York, 21; Massachusetts, 13;
Pennsylvania, 8; Rhode Island, 7;
New Jersey, 6; District of Columbia,
5; Maryland, 4; Vermont, 4; New
Hampshire, 3; Illinois 2,; Kansas, 1.

There were lectures, discussions
and laboratory work, with a written
examination the last day. Tuition
was free to students of agricultural
institutions. Others paid a $3 fee.

Some of the special points covered
were: Egg foundation and compo¬
sition; candling and grading; effect
of temperature and humidity; market
eggs on the general farm; working
with egg auctions.

Probable Depluming Mite

Our small flock of hens is trou¬
bled by loss of feathers. They are
not moulting. Pin feathers come in
but in a short time they go, leaving
the birds red and featherless.

New York b. h. n.

The depluming mite may be the
cause of the failure of your birds
to grow feathers. Repeated applica¬
tions of sulphur ointment (one part
sulphur in four parts of lard or
vaseline) will destroy the deplum¬
ing mite.

Another treatment usable in hot
weather would be to dip your birds
in a tub of water containing two
ounces of orchard spray sulphur and
one ounce of laundry soap to each
gallon of water. This treatment
should be used on a warm day and
the birds should be thoroughly
soaked in order that the solution
may reach the base of the feathers
and the skin.

14 Cows Sell for $3,335

At the 136th Earlville Sale, 118
head of pureored Holsteins were sold
for $220.31. The entire offering of
97 cows averaged $193.40. In this
group were 40 cows at $240 each.
Three cows and one bull sold above
$400. Three 10-month old bulls sold
at $278 each. The entire bunch of
13 yearling bulls averaged $157.

The top of this sale was a Canadian
cow from Wm. McLeod, Ontario, to
Chas. E. Clark, Camden, N. Y., for
$425. Another cow from Fred G.
Hutt, Ontario, sold to N. E. Park-
hurst, Puerto Rico, for $400. Blaunt
Lumber Co., Lacona, N. Y., sold a
cow to W. T. Payne, Kingston, Pa.,
for $410 and Mr. Payne also bought
a bull from Osborndale Farms,
Derby, Conn., for $410.

M. E. Parkhurst of Puerto Rico
was the largest buyer and took 14
head for $3,335 averaging $238. Other
buyers were: Clarence Lyons, Stras-
burg, Pa., 14 head $2,182; J. G.
Eagles, Wilson, N. C., 7 head $1,327;
W. T. Payne, Kingston, Pa., 2 head
for $820; Dana Empett, New Milford,
Pa., 5 head, $680; C. R. Percival,
China, Maine, 2 head, $415; Frank
A. Raure, Kingston, Pa., 2 head, $252;
H. G. Nankivell, Meshoppen, Pa., 2
head, $332;^ Ray Walworth, New
Milford, Pa., one, $110; Augusta
Herwede, Susquehanna, Pa., 3 head,
$105; and Victor Choploski, Nichol¬
son, Pa., one calf, $25; H. K.
McLaury, Bloomville, N. Y., 7 head,
$1,170; L. P. Breese, Elmira, 4 head,
$960; J. Kirkpatrick, Milford, N. Y.,

6 head, $920; J. G. Stocke, Owego,
N. Y., 6 head, $887; Alfred Tohkanen,
Spencer, N. Y., 4 head, $652; W. L.
Ostrander and Son, Nichols, N. Y.,
4 head, $632; Wm. Casbaker, Boon-
ville, N. Y., 6 head, $625; and Norman
Cellar, Ellenville, N. Y., 3 head,
$412. j. r. p.

Subscribers' Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber's
Exchange will be found on page 591.

Help Wanted

SOBER, MIDDLEAGED man for poultry
and vegetable garden. State wages. West¬
ern New York. ADVERTISER 2647, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man or boy over 18, for milk
route and dairy farm. $60 per month and
board or $90 and board self and commission.
L. H. YOUMANS, New Scotland, N. Y.

WANTED — Boy or elderly man on small
farm; good home. F. E. WILLIAMS,
LaFargeville, N. Y.

COUPLE ON private estate, Greenwich,
Conn. Duties: In combination to care for
a kennel of Cocker Spaniels. Man also to
be generally useful on lawn and in vege¬
table and flower garden. Comfortable
cottage on place, heat and light furnished.
Other help employed. Applicants must be
experienced in the work outlined. Give
nationality, age, qualifications for position
and references. ADVERTISER 2651, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER — Willing, pleasant person¬
ality; assist child; own room, good home.
SPECTOR, 1276 Carroll St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

WANTED POULTRYMAN, single, on modern
plant. First class position with good
wages. State age and salary wanted first
letter. ADVERTISER 2657, care Rural New-
Yorker.

BOY WANTED: 14 to 16, to help in green¬
houses, flowers. German or Scandlnanvian
preferred; will take orphan. RIVER VIEW
GREENHOUSES, H. Stabenow, R. D. 2,
Reading, Pa.

COUPLE WANTED on modern farm, North¬
ern New Jersey. Man all around farmer,
good herdsman, dry-hand milker. Wife
clean houseworker, plain cooking. No
objection to one child. Small purebred
Guernsey herd. All modern conveniences.
Must live in with owner. $100 per month
inc. good furnished rooms and board. State
age, experience, references. Only good
character. No drinking. ADVERTISER 2653,
care Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED HOUSEKEEPER, cook, for
couple, baby. Applicant must be in good
health, have character references; $50. Raise
after 60 days. Own room, seven room house.
State age and experience. BOX 827,
Chappaqua, N. Y.

WANTED — Man to do chores on farm in
exchange for home. L. HINDERER,
Denton, Md.

WANTED — Single man, year around job;

dairy and general farm. Central Jersey.
Good room, board, $40 month. Write age,
reference, to ADVERTISER 2664, care Rural
New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER PROTESTANT, 40 to 50.

Family of 2 adults, father and daughter.
Modern house, fine home. No servant treat¬
ment. $35 month to start. ADVERTISER
2665, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Refined Protestant woman with
10 year old boy wishes position as house¬
keeper, with either a widower or small
adult family; best of references. Write AD¬
VERTISER 2666, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — A good honest, reliable, middle-
aged couple, no children, to take over a
small farm and help with roadside business
on shares. Address MRS. ROSE, R. D. 1,
Ithaca, N. Y.

COUPLE — Man good dry-hand milker with
general farming experience. Wife to assist
with housework. Two in family. State wages
expected, experience, references. If small
family modern cottage furnished. MINK-
DALE FARMS, Newtown, Conn., or Room
1508, 15 William St., New York.

COUPLE WANTED: Woman cook and gener¬
al houseworker. Man, houseman, gardener,
If capable wait on table occasionally. Family
of two; near New York City. Give refer¬
ences, nationality, religion and wages. AD¬
VERTISER 2667, care Rural New-Yorker.

HANDY, RELIABLE man, realty manager,
seeks offers. Home paramount. 151-A
Northampton St., Boston, Mass.

Situations Wanted

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN, desires job.

Single, sober, college training, excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2496, care Rural
New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, agricultural graduate, de¬
sires position, poultry, vegetable farm;
needs ’ experience, salary secondary; am¬
bitious, willing, honest, sober. ADVERTISER
2604, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER, Swiss, married, children
7-4. Profitable results, dairy, poultry pre¬
fer purebred stock. Excellent references.
Wages $100-$125 plus privileges. Will con¬
sider modern stocked farm on shares. AD¬
VERTISER 2601, care Rural New-Yorker.

WORKING SUPERINTENDENT for goat
dairy; go anywhere. Can furnish the best
of references. Age 47, single. ADVERTISER
2608, care Rural New-Yorker.

GARDENER-CARETAKER, 56. life experi¬
ence, desire position. R. MUNTZ, care
Lawrence Compagna, R. F. D., Rockaway,
New Jersey.

WANTED POSITION as farm manager, life¬
long experience with dairy and general
farming, production of first class milk, ad¬
vanced registry work, showing and breed¬
ing. ADVERTISER 2616, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — A bright, clean-cut high school
boy or girl, who lives in Pennsylvania and
who wishes to earn an income in spare
time. Member of 4-H Club preferred. No
investment required but must furnish refer¬
ences as to honesty and character. Address
ADVERTISER 2621, care Rural New-Yorker.

MANAGER OR superintendent would like
to get in touch with farm or estate
owner who wants to put farm in first class
shape on paying basis. Experience in build¬
ing, remodeling, plumbing, electrical work,
road building, bridge work and laying out
fields for best returns; cattle, poultry and
hogs. Best of reference. Am open for inter¬
view if you mean business. ADVERTISER
2622, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENTLEMAN, 60, wants light work; par¬
ticulars. LOUIS BOHN, 45 West 75th St.,
New York City.

RELIABLE MARRIED man wants work,
caretaker, orchard, vegetable or dairy.
ROLLAND DEMERS, Wassaic, N. Y.

FARM MANAGER, life experience and
college training in high grade fruit and
purebred dairy cattle farming. Especial ex¬
perience in improved pasture crops and
management, and all kinds of farm ma¬
chinery. ADVERTISER 2635, care Rural
New-Yorker.

REFINED, HEALTHY, former business man,
with considerable knowledge of estate
management, seeks placement as companion
and helper. Congenial surroundings more
essential than high salary. ADVERTISER
2650, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, EXPERIENCED, excellent
cook, intelligent, American, Protestant.
E. DUNN, P. O. Box 96, Grand Central
Annex, New York.

NURSE, REGISTERED, desires position
November - December; also seamstress.
FRITZ, Dorothy, N. J.

TWO HOME economics graduates desire
positions in institutional field. ADVER¬
TISER 2640, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN, MARRIED, 20 years ex¬
perience; Cornell training; wants good
proposition. Can handle any size plant.
ADVERTISER 2642, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN, 14 years experience, egg
and market poultry production. Retail and
wholesale trade. Capable, dependable,
middleaged. Consider any proposition with
good home and prospects. Shares or salary.
Full details first letter please. ADVER¬
TISER 2644, care Rural New-Yorker.

MAN PREFERS work on dairy or goat
farm near Westchester County. Maker of
fancy cheese and butter. ADVERTISER
2656, care Rural New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE, 45, experienced,
sober, conscientious worker. Private, com¬
mercial. $60 month with board and clean
living conditions. ADVERTISER 2655, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HANDYMAN SINGLE, 40, good carpenter
and builder; experienced poultry man; de¬
sires position. ADVERTISER 2654, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER SINGLE, desires position on a
small place or a caretakers job. Practical
experience all around. Sober and honest,
dependable. MEHREN, 20 North William St.,
New York.

POSITION WANTED: Chauffeuring for farm,
young man, 20, excellent driver, willing;
start low salary. ADVERTISER 2652, care
Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE FARMHAND, age 36. reliable,
quiet and honest, non drinker. Reasonable
hours. State wages. Want to be in private
family. WALDO CLOUGH, General Delivery,
Hartford, Conn.

AN ELDERLY handy man wishes a pleasant
clean home; at reasonable wages. A. F.
APPLEBY, Box 99, Rotterdam Jet., N. Y.

AMERICAN COUPLE want position. House¬
work, cook, serve, garden, lawn, repairs,
general handy. ADVERTISER 2662, care
Rural New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED BOY, 14 years, 5ft. 6 in.,
134 lbs.; work for $8 month and board,
during school period. ADVERTISER 2658,
care Rural New-Yorker.

November 1, 1941

WORKING FARM manager, herdsman,
poultryman; high type. Profit producer.
ADVERTISER 2661, care Rural New-Yorker.

Fruits and Foods

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY. 10 lbs. $1.50 prepaid.
SPENCER BAIRD, Fayetteville, N. Y.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 90c third zone; fourth, $1.
JOSEPH FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY! 60 best clover $4.80; buckwheat
$4.20; Fall amber, good flavor $4.20. 28

clover (handy pail) $2.40. 24 combs clover

$3.60. Not prepaid. 10 clover postpaid $1.60.
Satisfaction guaranteed. F. W. LESSER,
Fayetteville, N. Y.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 90c-
3 lbs. $2.50 prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh. N. Y.

CHOICE WHITE clover honey, 5 lbs. 90c;

10 lbs. $1.60. Buckwheat 5 lbs. 80c; 10
lbs. $1.40 postpaid. 60 clover $4.80; buck¬
wheat $4.20 here, liquid. HARRY T. GABLE,
Romulus, N. Y.

HONEY — Five pounds Goldenrod-buck-
wheat 70c; clover 80c postpaid. HOMER
MOWER, R. 1, Utica, N. Y.

MICHIGAN LIGHT amber honey, mild
flavor; 60 lbs. $3.60. CHAS. G. MARSHALL
& SON, Linden, Michigan.

NEW HONEY : Our best quality
clover, 60 lbs. $4.25; 120 lbs. $8.
BURTIS, Marietta, N. Y.

white
J. G.

LARGE SOFT shell pecans, (new crop), 2
pounds $1; 5 pounds $2 postpaid. 25 pounds
collect $7. COLONIAL PLANT FARM,
Rebecca, Georgia.

FINE HONEY, 60 lb. can, here, clover $4.60;

light amber mixed clover $3.80; buck¬
wheat $3.90; Fall flower $3.60. Ten lb. pail
delivered $1.75; mixed and buckwheat $1.40.
RAY WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

NEW CROP shellbark meats, hand picked
Resifted. 1 lb. 85c; 2 lbs. $1.65; 5 lbs. $3 85
Prepaid. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa

NUTS IN the shell. Shellbarks, 25 lbs. $2 50-
black walnuts, 25 lbs. $1.50. Express
collect. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa

PURE MAPLE syrup of the very finest
quality. $2.90 per gallon; $1.50 per half
gallon at the farm. BROOKVALE FARM
Windsor, Mass.

5 lbs. $2 postpaid. STEINER’S FARMS*
Prattsville, N. Y. Telephone 547.

HONEY, OUR choicest white clover, 60 lbs.

$4.80 here; 10 lbs. $1.60 postpaid. Also
buckwheat. A. J. NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey. Five
pounds (liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2. Five
pounds (liquid and comb) chunk $1.25. Five
pounds creamed $1.25 postpaid. Pancakes,
Vermont honey! FRANK MANCHESTER,
Middlebury, Vt.

NEW CROP, Georgia papershell pecans. 5
lbs. $1.35; 10 lbs. $2.35. Express prepaid.
MISS MAGGIE’S PECAN GROVE, Valdosta.
Georgia.

ALL RIGHT “folks,” who said oysters?

Best selects now $2.75 gal. Medium $2.40.
Prepaid third zone. Two or more 10c gal.
less. WM. LORD, Cambridge, Md.

Country Board

CONVALESCENT HOME: Ideal for elderly,
bedridden, diabetic, invalids. Excellent
nursing care; 20 miles from New York.
Beautiful country. Reasonable. ADVER¬
TISER 2605, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Good rabbit hunting and ac¬
commodations, within 75 miles New York
City. OTTO CHRIST, 7424 62nd St„ Glen¬
dale, Long Island.

BOARDERS WANTED: Brandon, Vt. village
home; all conveniences; low rates. AD¬
VERTISER 2660, care Rural New-Yorker.

STOP AT WM. NEILLS, Bethel N.. Y.

Deer, rabbit and partridge hunting. Home
cooking. Modern. All for $2.50 per day.

Miscellaneous

FOR SALE: Two unit Universal short- tube
milking machines, complete with pump
and pipe fittings. STONEACRES FARM.
Box 590, Princeton, N. J.

WANTED — Apple wood for the manu¬
facture of saw handles. HARRY R.
HAINES, Box 119, Rt. 1, Moorestown, N. J.

70 QUILTS $4-$30. Crib quilts, aprons, rugs,
goosefeather beds, pillows, quilting done.
Circular. VERA FULTON, Gallipolis, Ohio.

UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER $15. New
wrist watch $7. Satisfaction guaranteed.
SIMMS, Warwick, N. Y.

PRINCESS PINE first grade, bundled, $8 per
100 lbs. PETER LASCO, Forest City, Pa.

AUCTION — 70 cows, 6 horses, all farm tools,
hay. 9 A. M. November 8th. WARD F.
KELLEY, Ellicottville, N. Y. Auctioneer,
Harry Scott.

WANTED — Incubator about 5,400 capacity,
hatcher about 1,800 capacity, also electric
automatic egg grader. Give details and
price. MOREY PARK POULTRY FARM,
Box No. 327, Albany, N. Y.

WANTED — Incubator, 1,200 weekly capacity.

Starting brooders, state make, size and
price. E. STIEFEL, 1307 7th St., North
Bergen, New Jersey.

587

7ht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

Thoughts on Sheep

The Dorset ram wearing a bell,
pictured on your August 9 cover
page, arouses a flood of memories —
a long complicated story of the ad¬
vent and immense numbers of
Merino sheep in New England up
to the early 1880’s. Many of those
wrinkled old long horned Merino
rams were savage and ill tempered,
particularly the older ones; all high
priced breeding stock. In those early
days, it was customary to drill a hole
in the thinner edge of the horn as
close as possible to the thick part,
usually the left horn as I recall it,
and fasten in a ring similar to but
smaller than those used in bulls’
noses. The ring was placed in the
part of the horn where it would hang
free and be less likely to get caught
in bushes.

Before a ram charges, he always
shakes his head and the rattle of the
ring was like the warning of the
rattle snake — “jump sidewise first
and look afterwards”— a reversal of
“look before you leap.”

It was not customary to turn rams
out with the flock until late Fall as
most farmers preferred to have
lambs born in the pasture after the
grass had made a good start. This
insured more and better milk and,
like a mule colt, the Merino lamb
will begin to graze, if hungry, when
very young.

Whenever I see “old English
mutton chops” on a swanky hotel
menu, I recall the days of “fat
wethers,” chops as large as large
pork chops, tender and delicious;
nothing like them is to be found
in markets today. Southdown or
Norfolkdown wethers were “tops”
after New England changed to coarse
wool sheep. Probably the very finest
of all sheep products was a fat full
wether five or six months old but
the yearling wether was most valu¬
able because much larger after two
seasons at grass.

We raised hothouse lambs for the
Easter market, “50 pounds and fat,”
and had to turn our rams out earlier
than was the custom but being
coarse wool varieties, they were less
likely to go on mid-summer ram¬
pages and they were seldom cross
or vicious and would not attack any¬
one as the old Merinos would.

They often yoked two rams to¬
gether to turn loose in a ram pasture,
both to prevent them from fighting
each other and also from getting
out. Sometimes a ram was yoked to
a wether when a farmer kept but
one ram. On other farms rams were
tethered to a sweep or to a wheel
set on a pin in the ground. They
certainly were a problem to care for,
but they were worth from $100 to
$500 each, according to breeding.
They had to be exchanged or traded
every two years to prevent too close
inbreeding.

I hope I haven’t bored you with
these reminiscences but I could not
help writing just as I thought when
I looked at your front cover picture
of that Dorset ram. My father was
a general farmer — market beef, dairy,
hothouse lamb, heavy pork, etc. He

was so far in advance of his time that
they haven’t fully caught up with
him yet. He had the happy faculty
of turning everything into meat or
money and in those days meat was
money. F- T- w.

Massachusetts

Poor Hoof Development

The possibility of producing im¬
paired hoof development in growing
horses through feeding poor-quality
and old hay has been demonstrated
at Beltsville recently by the abnor¬
mal hoof growth produced in colts
kept on carotene-deficient roughage as
compared with hoof growth in similar
animals receiving generous quantities
of Vitamin A or carotene. The hoofs
of the latter animals were uniform
and smooth. However, with those
maintained for four months on the
deficient hay and then transferred
to a ration in which the deficiency
was repaired, there was a rigid
region of demarcation between the
hoof substance produced during the
period of deficiency and the smooth¬
er, more uniform substance produced
after the ration was corrected for
the existing Vitamin A and carotene
deficiency. Other evidence of a re¬
lation between the Vitamin A in the
ration and hoof development is that
the hoofs on the four foals delivered
by the mares on the low Vitamin A
rations differed decidedly at birth
from those of the usual normal foal,
the most obvious difference being
that they were markedly constricted
at the bottom and were abnormally
soft in texture.

Cooperative tests showed that
horses receiving Vitamin A deficient
rations until they were at the point
of death manifested a variety of
symptoms. Among these were night
blindness with marked point lesions,
and difficulty with respiration late
in the disease, simulating roaring,
as well as a typical stringhalt mani¬
festations. These symptoms occurred
in animals which were being amply
supplied with other needed vitamins
such as C and the B complex as
well needed calcium and phosphorus.

These valuable and practical tests
well demonstrate the importance of
supplying pregnant mares with the
best quality legume hay and pasture.
This also applies to colts, especially
during their first year of growth.
When poor quality hay or straw is
used horse breeders have found the
Vitamin A deficiency may be cor¬
rected by the daily use of odorless
codliver or halibut oil. Colts would
need about two to three tablespoons
on their feed daily, and pregnant
mares five to six tablespoons. If
odorless oil is used and added very
gradually on grain the mares and
colts will soon readily eat it. R. w. D.

Coming Meetings

Nov. 3. — National Corn-Husking
Contest, Tonica, LaSalle Co., Illinois.

Nov. 9-11. — Bristol County, Mass.
Fair, Segreganset.

Nov. 29 - Dec. 6. • — International
Live Stock Exposition, Chicago, Ill.

The world’s largest butter tub, with a capacity of 155,085 cubic inches, has
been constructed in order to demonstrate the space required to pack the
lifetime production of the 15-year-old Ayrshire cow, Newland’s Flirt, that
has just completed a 1,000-mile toitr of mid-western fairs. During her busy
career, this cow has prodxiced 142,092 pounds of milk, and 5,446 pounds of
butterfat, the latter equivalent to 6,808 pounds of butter.

AT the very first sign of a cow-
being “off her feed” or out of con¬
dition this winter — WATCH OUT!
For that first cow may well be a dan¬
ger sign that trouble lies ahead for
your entire herd . . . unless YOU
prevent it!

Likely — right now — you are plan¬
ning and preparing for producing
milk to the full capacity of your herd.
Most dairymen are, and are striving
to prevent losses through the strain
occurring during the long period when
cows are kept in the barn. Thousands

of dairymen are regularly adding
Near’s Dijex-Tone to the feed. Help
give your cows a boost. The use of
Near’s Dijex-Tone as an appetizer,
stomachic, digestive tonic and mineral
supplement has proven its worth to
many thousands. We want to get you
started on the good Near’s Dijex-
Tone to help pave the way in helping
your cows for a long and steady win¬
ter of production when milk brings
the top-notch price. Look ahead,
too, for calves from vigorous, healthy
cows.

Try feeding Near’s Dijex-Tone now,
before troubles begin.

BIG TROUBLES
START.. . SMALL!

NEAR’S

DiJexTone

A DIGESTIVE TONIC AID AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT

to Dairymen!

T ell us how many head in your
herd and we’ll send FREE —

5 Mastitis (Garget) Testers
and booklet“Keepingyour
Livestock Healthy and
Productive.”

NEAR’S FOOD CO., fNC.
kP DEPT. C, Binghamton, N. Y.

L i own a dairy of . (give number) Milch

^ Cows and . Dry and Young Stock. Send

me FREE Mastitis Testers and literature.

W\_

Name
Address .

V WHEN NATIONAL DEFENSE
\ ; CALLS AWAY YOUR

FARM

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feeds on farmers’ own premises. Only Fords equipment
performs all three optional services: straight -grind¬
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no delay for mixing. 25% down, balance from earn¬
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1222 East 12th. Street, Streator, Illinois

IF You Are Getting
Less Than 3%

SAVE
WITH
US)

We have never paid less than 3% on ALL
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ASSETS OVER $5,800,000

NATICK

FEDERAL
SAVINGS
AND LOAN ASSOCIATION

Founded 1886 - NATICK, MASS.

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a
quick reply and a “ square deal , ” See guarantee editorial page.

588

<Ibt RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 1, 1941

iuy^

diets

3or profitalie production

^ and idroiier l^aisin^

For tho past 31 years, we of Hall Brothers Hatchery
hare been doing all wo knew and could learn to produce
tho most profitable chick possible — a real QUALITY chick.
We have chosen our breeding flocks for their ability to
produce chicks that LIVE WELL. GROW FAST, MATURE EARLY and
becomo HEAVY LAYERS. Add to this the most modem hatching equipment and expert poultry

knowledge, and you can see why I believe HALL’S Quality CHICKS will make more money for

you than any other chicks you can buy.

i4. B. HALL, Pres.

FAR FAA PRAnilPTIAN °ur Hallcross Pullets are nationally famous. The

i vii L.UU I ilVUUvl IVI1 Hybrid Vigor of these chicks makes for greater

egg production and size from the mature pullets.

FOR BROILER RAISING

Our Barred Hallcross is a favorite.
Bred for Vigor and
Early Feathering, they develop into Heavy Meated
Broilers. We hatch chicks of 6 Pure Breeds and 4
Hallcrosses.

{ S'Eko for

{ FREE
Ac

.CATALOG*

All chicks from Pullorum free stock by State test,
shipped prepaid and guaranteed 100% live delivery.
ORDER EARLY — as bookings are heavy.

HALL BROTHERS HATCHERY , INC.

BOX 60, WALLINGFORD, CONN.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties. early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15.000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

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Satisfaction" guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Melvin Moul, Ownar
BOX R, - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

2 Q Q March Rock-Red

laying pullets, 4% -5
lbs. @ $1.50. May R. I. Reds ready-
to-lay $1.65; 3%-4 lb. size $1.40; 3-3% lbs. $1.25.

LOVELL GORDON, ESPERANCE, NEW YORK

TNRKFYS Lauxmont Farms Improved White Hollands

lUfllVIjlu Leading Prize-Winners at big shows offer
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Write for Circular and Prices. Place your orders now.

LAUXMONT FARMS, Box RN, Wrightsville, Pa.

MEN

Good territory open in
New England and Penn¬
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work for men with car.
All year, good earnings.
Permanent territory.
References. Write —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street
New York City

PROGRESS & POVERTY

By HENRY GEORGE

abundant life; it is the answer to all

forms of collectivism.

HOME STUDY COURSE
in Fundamental Economics
To promote a more complete under¬

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purchaser of “Progress and Poverty”

will be entitled to a home study
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each covering a reading assignment in
the book. Your answers are corrected
and coimnented upon by trained men.
There is no extra charge for this course.
Friends of the Henry George School of
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they believe that the wide dissemination
of a knowledge of economics will make
for a happier people.

Send For This Book Today
This 571 page book, beautifully printed,
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mail you will receive your first lesson
paper of the Correspondence Course.
When' you have finished the ten lessons
you will be surprised at the wider
understanding this study has brought
to you. MAIL ORDER TO —

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 W. 30th Street, - New York City

Few Diseases

Cause Poultry Men Such Losses

When you notice wet beaks or wheezing,
get busy quickly with either of these con¬
venient, tested treatments;

fizMu/kien '£r™ke

colds and breathing troubles. Helps pre¬
vent spread; relieves symptoms. Works from
the inside against such disorders.

Used alone, or in severe cases,
with VAPO-SPRAY.

SPRAY WITH

VAPO-SPRAY

Over heads of the birds: Rapid in
action, high in antiseptic and in¬
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or Leemulsion NOW, and be pre¬
pared. At your Lee Dealer (drug,
feed, or hatchery) or postpaid from
GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebr.

BLAST TMSt
fOtttKM AGLHTS

• A large majority of
chickens are infested
with roundworms. They
sap the laying bird’s vi¬
tality. And they can be
easily expelled with Dr.
Hess Poultry Worm
Powder, the flock
treatment that you
just mix with a little
feed. Active ingredient
is nicotine, which is the
recognized remedy for
roundworms. Costs lc
or less per bird. See
your Dr. Hess Dealer,
or write

DR. HESS & CLARK, Inc.
Ashland, Ohio

Ways to help boost egg
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Uncle Sam is your best customer I How to Save
up to 15% to 20% Feeding for Egg Produc¬
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pages well illustrated. A gold-mine of interest¬
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copy write to

NEW 1942 BOOK
ON EGG PROFITS!

THE QUAKER OATS CO., DEPT.K-17, CHICAGO

WHITLOCK

I BABY $4* per

I" CHICKS... 100

EGGS FOR iRT per
- HATCHING... *#• IOC

SPECIAL PRICE ON LARGE ORDERS

■ All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TO]
MAN S ROCKS famous for RAPID GBOWTI
EARLY MATURITY, Profitable EGG YIEL1
ideal combination bird for broilers, roasters -
■ market eggs. Send for FREE Circular.

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ON
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

JOSEPH

TOLMAM

dept, f

ROCKLAND

MASS.

The Henyard

By T. B. Charles -

Potatoes for Poultry

I have a lot of chickens which I
wish to feed as cheaply as possible.
I have a quantity of potatoes which
I wash and cook and mash up with
mixed corn meal and wheat middl¬
ings. I have been told that the
wheat middlings are too sticky. What
could I put with the potatoes to
make the best feed for growing
chickens? The chicks are not on
range so the cooked potatotes seem
good for them when clean, cooked
and not “sloppy.” a. m.

New York

Potatoes are about 78% water,
2% crude protein and 17.7% nitro¬
gen free extract, 1/10 of 1% fat.
Roughly speaking, this indicates that
potatoes are worth about as much
as beet pulp in a poultry ration.

Comparison of digestible nutrients
of corn, wheat and potatoes with a
similar moisture content:

Winter

Com

Wheat

Potatoes

Moisture content .

10.5

10.9

10.50

Protein .

7.5

8.7

8.90

Carbohydrates .

67.8

68.05

Fat .

4.6

1.4

.40

Total digestible nutrients

79.9

77.9

77.30

This is based on removing 70%
of the water from the potatoes, thus
the remaining residue is practically
the same as corn or wheat. If you
will substitute some wheat bran for
part of the middlings, your moist
mash will be less sticky. A few
trials will indicate the amount of
bran needed to eliminate stickiness.

Boiled or steamed potatoes can be
used to make a palatable supple¬
ment to a ration for poultry fatten¬
ing, growth or egg production.
Probably using boiled potatoes as
part of a moist crumbly mash would
be an easy way to use up old po¬
tatoes. You can use your present
mixture, changing as suggested for
growing chickens. For layers use a
moist mash composed of about one-
half boiled potatoes and one-half the
regular laying mash. Give the birds
what they will clean up in 15-20
minutes. Additional Vitamin D can
easily be incorporated in this moist
mash, if needed.

Potatoes, or any other supplement
of a similar nature, will serve to
dilute the essential things in your
ration, such as protein and vitamins,
and the end result will not be as
satisfactory unless provision is made
to make up for this,- as above
suggested.

Picking Ducks

I have a hard time picking ducks.
The ordinary scalding does not do
any good, probably because the ducks
coat of feathers is waterproof.

Florida h. g. s.

Commercial duck growers scald
their ducks with a water temperature
of around 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
There is no magic method of scalding
or picking. If you have only a few
ducks to dress, they can be scalded
and wrapped in a burlap bag to steam
for a few minutes. You can also
pluck two or three small patches of
feathers before scalding. This will
allow the water to penetrate to the
skin, and secure a more satisfactory
scalding.

Respiratory Trouble

What causes chickens from five to
six months old to gape continually?
These are Rnode Island Reds and
Plymouth Rocks. I feed them cracked
corn and a laying mash. w. c.

New York

Chickens that gape continually at
five to six months of age might have

(1) gapes, (2) laryngotracheitis, or
(3) bronchitis.

Trouble from gape worm infes¬
tation is more common in younger
chickens. Even in their case, how¬
ever, with confinment brooding, not
much trouble is experienced from
this disease.

Laryngotracheitis, however, might
cause such symptoms as you mention.
In that case you would probably ex¬
perience considerable mortality.
Birds would actually choke to death
with a mucous plug in the trachea.

Bronchitis might also be responsi¬
ble for gasping symptoms. There is
no known cure for bronchitis at the
present time.

Limberneck

I put up 300 pullets a few days
ago and have had two cases limber-
neck. Can you let me know what
causes this? L> Y.

True limberneck is caused by’ a
toxin produced by bacteria called
Clostridium botulinus. It is a soil
oiganism that grows out of contact
with the air. Inasmuch as you have
just housed your pullets, this trouble
will probably disappear. Sometimes,
however, birds pick up spoiled or
decomposed matter and have a
similar reaction and upset.

Give the birds a laxative such as
epsom salts at the rate of three
pounds salts per 500 pounds live
weight of birds. Administer the
epsom salts in the drinking water.

Calling' All Farm Flocks

(Continued from Page 574)
mash consumption, and that must be
gained, if high egg yields are to be
realized.

9. _ Supplement this mash with
morning, noon, and evening feeding
of a mixture of grains, such as wheat,
yellow corn, and oats, equal parts,
and at about the rate of 10 to 12
pounds of grain per day per hundred
layers. Grain and mash consumption
should run about equal during the
Winter season, although in really
cold weather grain consumption will
be increased.

10. Keep a constant supply of
clean, fresh water where every hen
can get at it whenever she is off
the perches.

11. Maintain about five inches of
good clean straw litter on the poul¬
try house floor throughout the
Winter, insulating the hens against
the possible coldness, hardness, or
dampness of poultry house floors.
Do not let the litter become too finely
broken, dusty, or wet. Put in new
straw every few days, and renew all
of it when necessary to keep the
hens, clean, comfortable, and sani¬
tary.

12. Provide one nest for every five
hens. Keep every nest well littered,
so that egg breakage is cut to a
minimum and all eggs are kept clean.
Gather eggs just before noon and
again in the afternoon, with clean
hands, and using wire baskets.

13. Keep a sharp watch for possL
ble prevention of waste about the
poultry house. Put a lip on all
hoppers to prevent waste. Patch up
cracks and prevent drafts. Look for
rats, and if found, eradicate quickly,
for a mature rat will eat as much as
a hen in a year. We use fresh, sun-
dried red squill powder effectively
in getting rid of rats.

Market Eggs Often

Well-produced, quality, fresh table
eggs from farm flocks must be gotten
off to consumers as soon possible.
Held eggs lose that fresh quality
which brings better egg prices to
eastern farmers.

VV li\ JLiUU LiAYINu TESTS

Left: High bid m test m eggs for year, 343 eggs, 328.6 points, owned by
East Side Leghorn Farm, New Berlin, N. Y.; right, high pen all breeds,
4,874 eggs, 5,143.05 points owned by Holser’s Valley Farm , Trov N Y
At the Tenth Central New York State Egg Laying Test. '

1>H RURAL NEW-YORKER

589

Profits in Soil Conservation

Farmers in every part of New
Jersey are waking up to the fact
that soil erosion is one of the most
dangerous leaks on any farm con¬
taining sloping land and hillside
areas. Sudden heavy downpours of
rain always wash away much valu¬
able soil which when once lost can
npver be fully regained. The soil
conservation service in New Jersey
from its neadquarters at New

On the Surgent farm, before terrac¬
ing showing sheet erosion in spinach.

Brunswick is conducting a cam¬
paign to induce farmers to under¬
take under its direction proper
modes of terracing and the use of
strip crops and contour plowing to
correct and overcome the effects of
soil erosion.

Neal Munch, county coordinator of
the Federal Conservation Service in
Monmouth County, New Jersey, pre¬
vailed on Henry Surgent, West
Freehold, to try out the principles
of soil conservation on his farm of
53 acres in one of the most fertile
soil belts in the State. The land is
cropped intensively with small types
of truck crops, such as spinach,
lettuce, dandelions and kale. One to
three crops are removed from the
land each year. Even though the

Surgent farm after terracing, show¬
ing terrace planted to spinach.

slope is only from one to four per
cent, a serious sheet erosion problem
was making it difficult to grow such
small crops successfully. The fine
seed beds, shallow rooted crops and
intensive cultivation made the land
open to soil washing with each in¬
tense shower.

In 1937 the Surgents worked out
measures to eliminate rthe serious
erosion problem. The decision was
made to terrace the 20 acres of the
farm that was not under a perma¬
nent irrigation system. Two gullies
or draws running through the 20
acres were established to a sod to
act as a waterway where excess
runoff could be safely taken off the
farm. Terraces were then con¬
structed every 100 to 200 feet follow¬
ing the contour of the land. These
were made broad and flat so that all
the terrace could be cropped with
regular farm equipment. Each ter¬

race was constructed with a gentle
drop of .2 to .4 feet per 100 feet
towards the sodded water courses.
This drop or grade was sufficient to
carry off the water and yet not cause
washing. The whole principle of the
terraces is to break up the slope.
Now, instead of the water from the
top of ‘the slope running across 500
to 700 feet of cultivated land, it
travels only the distance between
terraces. In other words, the water
does not have a chance to concen¬
trate and gain momentum.

This system of soil conservation
meant a change in cultural practices.
Instead of being straight, the rows
curve with the terraces. All plowing,
disking and cultivating is in the di¬
rection of the terraces. This is neces¬
sary to maintain the terrace ridge,
and to permit the water to flow
freely along the terrace channel.
The change from straight to curved
row farming, although not entailing
any serious difficulties, was a change
that required more effort. But like
spraying or cultivation, became an
essential farm operation.

Mr. Surgent has noted that on one
terraced section of the farm where

Cross section of terrace, purposely
cut through to get this photograph.

most of the topsoil was removed, he
can now, after two years of soil
building, grow good crops.

One point should be emphasized
and that is the necessity of good farm
practices to make the terraces effec¬
tive in controlling erosion. The
Surgents incorporate large amounts
of organic matter in the soil by the
use of green manure crops and
manure. They practice excellent
fertilization and tillage practices and
most of their land is protected dur¬
ing the Winter by a cover crop or
a crop for harvest.

The terraces supplement such good
practices and one without the other

Contour farming in New Jersey.

would mean a poor job of conserva¬
tion. In the past year, over 10 miles
of terraces similar to Mr. Surgent’s
were constructed by farmers using
their regular farm equipment.

New Jersey John W. Wilkinson

Drying Off Surplus Teat

We have a heifer that came fresh
and she has a small teat on the back
of her udder. Milk comes from it.
Could you tell me something I could
do so it will not milk? c. l. h.

Pennsylvania

Daily applications of camphorated
ointment, which may be purchased
from most drug stores, might be of
help to dry off this extra teat. Apply
the camphorated ointment only to
the teat it is desired to dry off. After
the heifer has ceased milking for
her present lactation and is com¬
pletely dry any competent veterin¬
arian can remove this extra teat by
surgery. R. w. D.

Warts on Heifer

I have a heifer, three years old in
March and will freshen in December.
Since she went out to pasture, I find
her simply covered with warts.

Maine f. c.

Sometimes increased nutrition of
a weak or impoverished skin will
cause the type of warts you refer to.
Daily applications of sweet or castor
oil might be of benefit. For young
cattle the internal administration of

Fowler’s solution, at the rate of one
tablespoon twice daily is also found
to assist in their disappearance. Your
local veterinarian can obtain
Fowler’s solution for you if desired.

r. w. D.

Disinfect After Sickness

This last Spring my cows and
calves got sick. One cow and a calf
died. Do you think other animals
would get the ailment this Winter
if the premises are not disinfected?

New York N. s.

It would be best to disinfect the
stable where the sick animals had
been quartered. This is always a
good precaution, but can never be
an absolute assurance no further in¬
fection will occur on the premises.
The possibility of new infections is
always present. The microscopic
organisms which cause shipping
fever and other animal ailments can
be carried in. various ways such as
by dogs, birds, people and air
currents and streams. If animals be¬
come wet, cold, chilled or under¬
nourished they become more sus¬
ceptible to ailments, the germs of
which are always present in various
forms. R. w. d.

Choose

BALL- BAND

FOR

THl?|#rr

and

?°MFort

LOOK FOR
THE

RED BALL

MORE DAYS WEAR
IN EVERY PAIR

MISHAWAKA RUBBER & WOOLEN MFG. CO., 305 WATER ST., MISHAWAKA, IND-

THE MARIETTA CONCRETE CORP.

Marietta, Ohio (Write nearest Baltimore, Md.
Schenectady, N.Y. office, Dept Lilesville, N. C.

ALSO MAKERS OF FAMOUS MARIETTA
WOOD SILOS. ASK FOR PRICES.

ARIETTA
SUPER¬
CONSTRUCTION

TRONGEST
DEFEFSE FOR
NATION’S FEED

mzm CR01^

Livestock feed crops — essential to human food supply,
hence National Defense — are safest when stored in
Marietta Super-Construction Concrete Silos.

Built stronger to last longer! Only Marietta-type
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Investigate! Then invest — in a Marietta. Built for
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cement sealed. Tapered-type, fit-tight doors. Pays for
itself over and over, in food values saved. . . . Write
— TODAY — for Profit Facts folder.

Partial view, new barn (replacing I burned)
and I of 2 new Marietta Super-Construction
Silos — at a great State University.

AN UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY

TO HAVE YOUR OWN BUSINESS

We have an attractive franchise
that will enable active and alert men
to start a profitable business of their
own. If you are between the ages of
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The Farmers and Traders Life In¬
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York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New
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•

Write today, giving your age and
outlining your past experience, and
we will send complete information.
To avoid delay, address

MARTIN W. LAMMERS, Superintendent of Agencies

FARMERS AND TRADERS LIFE INSURANCE CO.

Organized in 1912 HOME OFFICE — SYRACUSE, N. Y. Assets 510,777,504.00

A thorough treatment for
stubborn conditions-Cow Pox,
Hoof Rot, Hoof Lameness,
Thrush, Bruises, Calk Wounds.
* Antiseptic* Per bottle Si .00.

At dealers or by mail postpaid.

H. W. Naylor Co., Morris, N.Y.

DEHORNING PASTE

PREVENT GROWTH the humane
way when calves are young by using
DANA’S DEHORNING PASTE.

ied in a jiffy; absolutely effective,
larmless. No bleeding or soreness,
bottle sufficient for 50 young or 35
calves. Satisfaction guaranteed
oney back, $1 postpaid, with free
Dana’s Dairy and Breeders’ Sup-
:atalog. 48 pages. C.H. DANACO.,
n Main St., Hyde Park.Vermont

590

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 1, 1941

v ,

iflBt

'Here's a picture of the extra sunlit room I made by enclosing my
porch with Genuine Flex-O-Glass.

"After I had used this Flex-O-Glass for 2 years it still looked as good
as new, so I was glad to let the company cut it into small samples so
their dealers could show other people the amazing durability of
Genuine Flex-O-Glass." _ Verna Jacobson

Your local hardware or lumber dealer might have a sample of

this very same Flex-O-Glass used for 2 years by Verna Jacobson.
Why not stop in and see your dealer today, BUT be sure he
has Genuine Flex-O-Glass with the name and 2-year guarantee
printed along the edge of every yard.

\tfi£

■ x-rr.

This Name Guarantees
You 2 full years of
Satisfactory Service

Cut with shears and nail on.

Holds in heat, keeps out cold, better than glass!

Lets in ultra violet rays of the sun better

than other glass substitutes, too. Window
glass shuts them out completely. U. S.

Government Bureau of Standards found
Flex-O-Glass transmits 35% of the inci¬
dent Ultra-Violet light. Here's what that
means: More eggs from the same feed —
baby chicks into broilers quicker.

Flex-O-Glass turns screens into storm doors
and windows to save on fuel. $ 3.50 worth
turns an 8 x IO foot porch into a sunny room.

$Ll6 covers a 3 x 12 foot hot bed. A $2.90 roll
mokes a 100-hen scratch shed for more eggs

More Eggs

"Flex-O-Glass near¬
ly doubled my winter
egg production, ’’
Mrs. C. K. Thompson,
California. "Getting
26 eggs a day this
winter from 70 pul¬
lets under Flex-O-
Glass. Years ago re¬
ceived no eggs until
late Feb.," Mrs. Mary
Jones, Ark.

Poultry House Windows

Porch

Enclosures

Storm Doors
snd Windows

Hog House and

Darn Windows Hot Beds and Greenhouses

Leading Hardware and Lumber Dealers everywhere carry Genuine Flex-O-Glass.

FLEX-O-GLASS MANUFACTURING CO., 1104-6-8 N. Cicero Ave., Chicago, Illinois

Christies NEW HAMPSHIRE

‘/uEloi spizzerinktum

} 45,000 BREEDERS N.H.-U.S.
Pullorum Clean- World’s Largest New
Hampshire Flock — Famous SPIZ-
- ^ZERINKTUM Strain for Fancy
Broilers and Roasters and Barge Brown
Eggs of High Interior Quality. Immense
demand makes immediate reservations
— - imperative. Straight New Hampshires,
Straight Barred Rocks and Chris-Cross Hybrids.

Write today for Catalog and Price List.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

KERR

CHICKS

LIVE

i . iiimiit . . . J

Sg: 33 years of
dealing },?;

Illtn haUsfacti°n.
Wr itlh6/ Weekly

^efor pHees.

WHITE ROCK

PLYMOUTH IV V/ V IV
Baby Chicks $12-100

All Eggs used are from My Own Breeders. 100% State
Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglutination. TOLMAN’S
ROCKS famous for Rapid Growth. Early Maturity,
Profitable Egg Yield. Ideal combination bird for broilers,
roasters or market eggs. Send for FREE circular.

I Specialize One Breed, One Grade At One Price.
JOSEPH TOLMAN, Dept. F, ROCKLAND, MASS.

Wen e& Chicks

BROILERS — ROASTERS — EGGS

II C H J East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity
Halches#Every 1,800,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week 1 Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and BARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Dept M-3, VINELAND, K. J-

fOF QUMJTY-C/ttH OkC.O.D

mem mot*, Bumnm

100% del. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 100 100

English White Leghorns Special. .$7.00 $13.00 $4.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER, BOX R, MCALISTER VI LLE, PA.

CLEAR SPRING CHiCKS

95% Guar. Pullets Str. Pits. Ckls.

_ 100% live del. 100 100 100

Large Type English Leghorns. $9.00 $14.00 $5.00
B. & W. Ply. Rocks. Red-Rocks 10.00 10.00 10.00

H. Mix, $8-100. All Breeders Bloodtested. Post¬
paid. Cash or C. O. D. It will pay you to get our
1941 Free Catalog of 31 years breeding experience.

CLEAR SPRING HATCHERY,

F. B. LEISTER, Owner, Box 49, McAlisterville, Pa.

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTEN HOUSE, Rt. 2, Telford, Pa.

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Vt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers!
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

RAISE MORE POULTRY

For big profits this year. Easily learn how others
succeed. Bead America’s leading poultry magazine.

Five years $1.00, one year 25c.

POULTRY TRIBUNE, Dept. C-75, Mount Morris, III.

\amherlin

1 POULTRY FARMS *

| BARRED ROCHS

lin Poultry Farms, 1

When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New- Yorker and you ’ll get
a quick reply and a "square deal. ” See
guarantee editorial page. : s

NATIONAL DEFENSE CALLS FOR

MORE
EGGS .... MEAT

Hubbard s New Hampshires

give tfou. both!

Hubbard Farms

Box 1 2 WALPOLE. N. H.

FIVE 300- EG G E RS

IN ONE CONTEST PEN —

Five pullets in our Pen No. 74, Pennsylvania,
completed the 1940-41 Contest with scores rang¬
ing from *303 to 328 eggs. Space does not permit
us to detail other remarkable Contest records
made this past year by Warren birds. W’rite
for our new Catalog giving a full analysis.
MASSACHUSETTS— U.S. PULLORUM CLEAN
Straight R. I. RED Chicks sired by Advanced
R. O. P. males from 240-341 egg dams.
ROCK-RED Barred Cross Chicks from selected
R.l. Red females mated to Barred Rock Cockerels
from an outstanding B.O.P. Strain. A real dual-
purpose cross for both meat and eggs
Sexmg Service— Pullets Guar. 95% Ace.

Write for new Price List, effective now
„ J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

’Bonded Against B.W.D.1

‘ raOFIT-BRED FROM PROVEN STRAINS

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar, to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old ALSO fall
For Sale Now 1 to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Cataleg A Prices. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Fin gar. Owner A Manager.

BOX H, HUDSON, NEW YORK

60LBEH

MIPS

Chicks From Our 6,000

GOLDEN-HAMP BREEDERS

(Developed from Christie strain). Fifteen
years breeding experience. Top quality broilers —
Top quantity production of large brown eggs — quick
growth. 98% livability guarantee. The greatest dual
purpose money-maker. Pullorum Clean. Hamps or Rock-
Hamp Crosses. Sex-separated or straight run.
FREE CATALOG

SANFORD E. ALGER Jr.

Box 3, - Brockton, Mass.

lEHMMfS^T

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) . .$7.00 $12.00 $4.00

Bar. Box & R. I. Reds . 8.00 9.00 8.00

N. H. Reds & Wh. Box . 8.50 10.00 8.50

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 8.50 7.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery, Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

CU I If C Immediate shipment Cash
■* ■ ^ ^ or C.O.D. Barred and White

Rocks, New Hampshires $9.-100; Heavy Mixed $8.-100.
Prepaid. All Breeders Blood-Tested. Circular FREE.

J. A. BAUMGARDNER, Box R, Beaver Springs, Pa.

Publisher’s Desk

Outdoorsman, a sportsmen’s maga¬
zine, of Columbus, Ohio is warn¬
ing rural communities of a racket
that is operated by gypsies who go
through the country seeking to buy
raw furs and paying only a small
fraction of the value of the pelts.
Farmers and farm boys are usually
the prey of these slickers. Prices
are higher now for raw furs, which
means extra cash in the harvest of
fur-bearing animals, if those who
trap will demand established mar¬
ket prices for their furs. Because of
the good prices the gypsy buyers
will be active, and they will offer
one-third to one-half what the repu¬
table fur houses are paying. You are
warned to pass by these fly-by-night
traders. Learn the prices paid by
the established houses and don’t fool
wifh the traveling gypsy buyers. Be
on the lookout for this racket and
advise your friends of the practice.
Publicity will put an end to these
unscrupulous gypsy fur buyers
quicker and more effectively than
anything else.

I feel that the insurance company
has not been fair. I realized I had
a limited policy and that it states
one must be confined to his home
and visited lay a physician there. In
the case of “hives or felon” why
would one have to stay home from
business or have a physician come
to the home? In my case of abscess,
going to the physician’s office bene¬
fited me more than his coming to
the home. I lost 16 days’ work and
was at $15 expense at least. I feel
this company is sidestepping. There¬
fore until you examine the contents
and give your opinion I feel some
compensation is due me. M. l. g.

New York

The company insists that the ill¬
ness was not specifically mentioned
in the policy. Therefore they will
not pay the claim, and they are not
obliged to pay it legally. They ex¬
plain that the reader’s disablement
was not among the diseases men¬
tioned on the sick benefits offered
and their denial of liability was prop¬
er and it was impossible for us under
the policy provisions, to be of service
to the policyholder. They are well
within their rights legally but a case
of this kind is ample proof of the
kind of protection afforded by limited
policies. The specific diseases, illness,
condition or injury must be men¬
tioned or occur exactly as described.
If it varies in any degree, no pay¬
ment is made. No leeway is pro¬
vided and to the one claim paid and
proclaimed with much publicity,
there are hundreds unpaid about
which nothing is heard. The re¬
fusal to pay is within the terms
of the limited policy but the disap¬
pointment of the insured and mis¬
representation of the policy will
sooner or later prove the death knell
of this type of policy.

A “Mr. Carter” representing him¬
self as an employee of the Associated
Gas and Electric Company called on
holders of Associated Gas stock
stating that he was gathering in the
debts of the company. He inquired
the name of the bondholders’ banks,
collected the bonds and assured
them that a draft would be placed
to their account in their bank in 60
days, covering the entire value of
the bonds and plus the interest.
Carter is known to have secured
$1,000 from one party and $5,400
from another. One party became
suspicious and called the A. G. and
E. Company only to learn that they
had no employee by the name of
Carter. Receipts were signed W. C.
Carter and he is said to be a well-
known confidence man. Warrants
were issued for his arrest and it
is hoped he will be caught. Do not
part with any securities on the say-
so of anyone. Make your own in¬
vestigation.

Through your good paper I have
received my claim. I hope you can
be as helpful to others as you have
been to me. Your fine paper and
honest owners are two things that
help make farming profitable for me
and undoubtedly many others.

New Jersey f. m.

Such a letter is helpful and we
appreciate the compliment. Our aim
is to give our friends the best service
and information we can.

We never willingly do any com¬
pany an injustice in any way and
we are always ready to give both
sides of any question, or correct
even a seemingly unfair comment.
In our October 4 issue we referred
to the business registered by
Lawrence Grening, under the name
of the Liberty Trading Stamp Com¬
pany, of Rochester, N. Y. and New
York City. We stated that complaints
had been received; coupon books
were refused for redemption; there
was difficulty in getting premiums
and some were not received and
when received found to be inferior.
This was what we believed to be an
honest report. The company states
that we are wrong; that if there
are any cases where they have failed
to keep their agreements to redeem
premiums or any misrepresentation
made they will gladly and
willingly correct such justifiable
complaints, and any complaint re¬
ceived will have attention. They
state that their premiums are not
inferior but sometimes they may not
be what a customer expected, or a
manufacture: may have been at fault
in letting a poor article slip through.
Sometimes coupon books have been
improperly filled but such results
are in the minority and they are al¬
ways ready to go more than half
way to adjust any complaint. We
are only too glad to publish this
attitude of the company toward
complaints and their statement as
to the quality of the goods offered.
If this attitude was assumed by all
houses there would be little room
for complaint.

We invested in Penn Canadian
stock and received one dividend.
Our letters were ignored though
there was one vague response re¬
ceived but no more payments. Later
a Mr. Ford called and said another
company had taken over and they
were liquidating and would pay all
claims plus interest but we would
have to pay taxes. We wonder if it
is worthwhile and if you can tell us
anything at all about the company
or Mr. Ford? p. w.

New York

Advice was received that Mr. Ford
was not a representative of the com¬
pany or the State and the attempt
to collect taxes on the refund was
a fraud. The company had not made
any profit and the receiver for the
syndicate had received nothing from
the operating company. The recovery
of any money from the investment
is doubtful and would certainly be
in the distant future. It is a dear
lesson and a hard one.

I wish to thank you very much
for your fine help and interest in
the matter of my defective washer.
It has finally been attended to and
I can again use it. The entire
trouble came from being improperly
installed. The local party who sold it
did their part in getting this straight¬
ened out very grudgingly although
their agent installed the machine,
but the manufacturer kept at them
until it was adjusted. These con¬
cerns are apt to be quite on their
job when they realize The Rural
New-Yorker is interested in helping
a person to a fair finish. So I thank
you again, you’ve helped in a way
I will always remember. m. s. a.

New York

We give ample credit to the
manufacturer for insisting that a
sales agent give attention to a just
complaint, and we appreciate the
acknowledgment of our help in the
matter.

Frank E. Davis of West Winfield,
N. Y., a former plant manager for
the Dairymen's League Cooperative,
Inc., has been held in $2,500 bail for
alleged mail fraud. Davis is said to
have defrauded the League of ap¬
proximately $10,000 during the last
six years by preparing contracts
with fictitious persons, forging the
namqs to contracts with the League,
preparing fictitious reports and when
checks were received signing the
fictitious names to the checks, and,
it is alleged, appropriating the money
to his own use. The indictment
carries two counts of alleged use of
the mails to defraud.

WRIGHT’S HEALTH UNDERWEAR

Men’s wool union suits
jp, ' and also wool shirts and

drawers give greatest
/A iW satisfaction to wearer.

If\ A \X, Also new Patented rein-

u 1 J ^ forced supporter double

u l V crotch gives longer

\ wear and more com-

//\\ fort. Try out these

Jy V\ garments and enjoy

^ their body comfort.

Ask at your retail stores.

REO.u.BtFATiOFp] Do it Now.

WRIGHT’S UNDERWEAR CO.

345 Broadway - New York

Buy Wright’s Health Underwear For Christmas

Tanning Deer Skins

for Glove, Mitten and Jacket Leather, 75e to $2.00
per Skin. Chrome tan, cream or brown color, soft as
cloth. Vests and jackets made to measurement $2.50
and up. Gloves and Mittens 35c and up. Write for
circular and further information on our reasonable

UMBER TANNING COMPANY, 0WAT0NNA, MINN.

c|ifn Your live poultry to New York's oldest
9 D *. MT live poultry house. Established 1883.

WE ARE BONDED COMMISSION MERCHANTS & DEALERS

Write for quotations, tags, crates, shipping instruc¬
tions. Free holiday calendar.

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Ine.

Box 20, W est W ashlngton Market, NewTort City

SHIP YOUR WHITE AND BROWN EGGS
TO W. P. HENTZE & H. GKA1J TO

17 Jay St. -New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS !
S. MEYER 4 SON, Ine., 300 Greenwich St., New York

DATHROOMS (COLORED), -Built-in Tub. Pedestal
D Basin, Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue B. SCHLOSSMAN. 545 Third Ave.. New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle ®£ge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

IDEAL PHOTOS beautifully finished wide border,
deckle edge, 25e roll of 8 and free enlargement.

IDEAL PHOTOS, Box 2255, PATERSON. N. i.

ROLL DEVELOPED — 8 Fadeproof Veloi prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
eervice. Youno Photo Scrvic©» 43-C* Albsny* N. ■ •

HOGSHEADS FOR ALL FARM PURPOSES

Heads dropped inside. Capacity 120 gallons. $2.00 for
one: $1.50 each for two or more, F.O.B. New York.

HENRY A. THORNDIKE. Newport. Rhode Island

Whiskey Barrels S,u.SUo”ii„ "?5

cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each; 2 for $7.00.
Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.

Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS fclWSViia

CASH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO.. Peoria, III.

HIiI P CHADTArii Higher farm prices create
“LLI JUVftlhUC immediate milking ma¬
chine prospects. Attractive straight commission proposi¬
tion open to farmer and implement dealer salesmen.

DAIRY EQUIPMENT CO., 381 4th Ave., N. Y. C.

FOR INVENTORS recIrdVr°ee

Write today for valuable 72-page booklet * How to Get
YourPatent” and “Record of Invention” form — both FREE.

L. F. Randolph, 601 Victor Bldg., Washington, D. C,

A MTirri If you are interested in selling
■» *-‘1/ hand crocheted babies bootee, caps, or
sacques we are interested in buying such articles. Write
Van Wagenen Sager Inc., (Since 1883), Syracuse, N.Y.

ARMY HORSE BLANKETS Street or cooling 84"'x90"
$2.75 each F.O.B. P. TAVETIAN, 61 Rutger St., N.Y.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word. Including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable In advance. When box number
is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach os Thursday, 10 A. M.

9 days in advance oi date oi issue.

This department is for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) Is admitted.

Farms For Sale, To Rent, Etc.

GOOD HOME with established poultry
plant, 1,000 broiler monthly capacity, 25
acre pullet range. ROWSE, Great Barring¬
ton, Mass.

EXCHANGE: Beauty parlor, doing $1,200
monthly; central New York State. Large
industrial town, 100,000. *Will exchange for
going boarding house in country. Value
$8,500. ADVERTISER 2582, care Rural New-
Yorker.

FARM — 336 acres, 85 cattle, equipped ;

large income; easy terms. Farm 100 acres,
equipped, 20 cattle; $1,000 down. C. M.
DOUGLAS, Fort Plain, N. Y.

GREEN COUNTY fruit farm and country
home. On macadam highway near village.
Six acres, 175 apple trees, 600 pear, mature
and in good bearing condition. Eight room
house, all improvements, attractive grounds.
Small barn and garage. $4,500, terms.
FEDERAL LAND BANK, Springfield, Mass.

NEW YORK State equipped and stocked
dairy and poultry farm. 160 acres, 30
head cattle, pair horses, 500 laying hens,
milking machine, tractor, all tools and
crops at time of sale; good income from
milk and poultry. Will sell or exchange for
one man farm in South Jersey. ADVER¬
TISER 2598, care Rural New-Yorker.

DAIRY FARM, 109 acres, good house and
grade A buildings; stock and tools.
VERMANN, Coxsackie, N. Y.

FOR SALE or rent, 65 acre fruit farm with
home, all equipped; very good income.
BOX 145, Highland, N. Y.

EASTERN SHORE farm, 250 acres, near
Salisbury, Maryland. Soil adaptable for
farming .or pasturage. 12 room house, run¬
ning water, old shade trees. Sale after 63
years ownership. JAMES A. WALLER,
Hebron, Maryland.

$50 DOWN: Bungalow, furnished, water,
electricity, macadam highway % acre. $550.
Near West Saugerties, 83 East Strand,
Kingston, N. Y.

DAIRY FARM, 50 cows, machinery, 2
houses, best of land; to rent or sale.
300 acres. BOX 94, West Coxsackie, N. Y.

WANTED — To rent farm suitable for poul¬
try, Orange County or vicinity. BOX 101,
Pine Bush, N. Y.

FOR SALE: High class dairy and gardening
farm, 106 acres, modern buildings with 11
room brick house. For particulars write,
W. J. HOTALING, R. F. D., Delmar, Albany
County, New York.

FOR SALE: Well paying 104 acre farm,
level land, good building, school bus and
milk route pass door. Make us an offer.
W. LUNICK, Dundee, N. Y.

GAS STATION, store, restaurant, 10 cabins
with conveniences; 4 acres land; living
quarters; $7,000. ANDREW MARTIN, Route
4, Gettysburg, Pa.

FOR SALE: House of 6 rooms and about
one-half acre of land about V/a miles
west of capital city. For terms write, G.
LESLIE GOODEN, State St. and Green
Dover, Del.

FOR SALE: 95 acre farm on North Branch
Road, near Friendship. MISS ROSE
DAVIDSON, 5 Church St., Cuba, N. Y.

FARM OF 180 acres, 8 wood, rest tillable.
Colonial house, 12 rooms, bath, electricity,
hot water heat; lovely lawn and shade.
Modern Grade-A dairy barn, 40 head. No
agents. ADVERTISER 2609, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXCHANGE, RENT or sell, modern equip¬
ped Vermont dairy, poultry farm. U. S.
5. Good buildings. Large income. Lake,
tourist cabins, gas station. ADVERTISER
2610, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — 10 to 50 acres, stream, woods;

accessible; reasonable. Dutchess, Columbia
County. ADVERTISER 2613, care Rural
New-Yorker.

VERY PRODUCTIVE dairy and poultry farm
now being worked, around 135 acres, 40
head of stock, 1,000 laying hens, milk route,
electricity, artesian well, 100 tons hay in
barn, two silos filled, 17 acres alfalfa. Build¬
ings rodded for lighting protection. Pond
covering about one acre and brook. Price
$22,000 includes stock and tools, everything.
Income $8,000 to $10,000 per year. Two
family house. On state road in New London
County between Hartford and New London.
ADVERTISER 2614, care Rural New-Yorker.

160 ACRES, big buildings, brook, lake site;

valuable timber; $4,500. Farms, stores,
homes; Catalogs. Also, 400 acre Vermont
dairy estate. 60 purebred Guernseys; $60,000.
HENDRICKSON AGENCY, Cobleskill (East¬
ern), New York.

LONG ISLAND farms for sale. Suffolk
County. Chicken farms, duck ranch, shore
front plots and acreage on the Bay and
Sound. See me before you buy. JOSEPH
W. BRUSH, Broker, Riverhead, Long Island.

WANTED — Small house in Connecticut,
within 70 miles of New York City. One
acre or more. ADVERTISER 2619, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 115 acre farm, located central
Dutchess County; suitable for dairy or
poultry; new buildings, two dwellings, large
barn, outbuildings; $16,000, $6,0Q0 cash.

ADVERTISER 2624, care Rural New-Yorker.

MODERN DAIRY farm, lake, 250 acres,
$25,000. 190 acre farm, fields, woods,

stream, .$3,900. Equipped poultry farm for
2,500 hens, $4,750. “DOC” BENTON, Otisville,
New York.

WANTED — One to five acres, easy commut¬
ing distance to New York City. ADVER¬
TISER 2629, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR RENT : Poultry farm, 4 room house all
conveniences; henhouse capacity 1,000
layers, brooder house, plenty range; $30
monthly. 70 miles from New York. AD¬
VERTISER 2649, care Rural New-Yorker.

12 ACRES, Central New York, main high¬
way; pleasant 7 room house, electricity,
never-failing well, double garage; 20x45
henhouse, 2 brooder houses, small hog
house. $1,300, terms. No brokers. ADVER¬
TISER 2637, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm in Ulster, Delaware,
Schoharie or Greene County on water, well
travelled road; must be bargain; give full
details. ADVERTISER 2638, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANT FARM about 200 acres, within 100
miles New York City. Full description.
ADVERTISER 2639, care Rural New-Yorker.

GOOD BUSINESS opportunity, 7 acres with
pond, buildings, equipment, for com¬
bination ice and poultry business. Western
Massachusetts. BOX 101, Huntington, Mass.

WANTED — 5-10 acres, good house, good
road; Putnam-Dutchess County. Give full
particulars. $2,000 cash. Owner may remain
on premises. ADVERTISER 2646, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FARMS WANTED: Within 50 miles of New
York City. Any size or kind. Also country
homes, estates, etc. Many years of special¬
ization give us a constant stream of buyers.
Send full details,” price asked, etc.
STAEHLIN FARM AGENCY, 275-R Madison
Ave., Paterson, N. J.

WANTED FARM, adaptable for boarders.

12 or more rooms, small acreage. Between
Poughkeepsie and Hudson. Will repair if
reasonable. BLENDL, 140-62 34th Ave.,
Flushing, Long Island.

SALE: 95 acres, 10 room house, barns; well
built. Bargain. M. WHELAN, Nub St.,
Hyde Park, N. Y.

WANTED TO rent with option to buy,
equipped dairy farm with stock and tools.
Will pay rent in advance. Delaware and
Maryland preferred. ADVERTISER 2648,
care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: Choice Maryland improved
farms. Howard County: 140 acres, corner
two highways, edge village, $16,000. 148

acres, paved road, $8,500. 150 acres, gravel
road, $7,500. 20 acres fronting Route 1,

edge village, $15,000. Frederick County: 117
acres, gravel road, bank barn, $6,000. 7 acres,
edge town, splendid house, barn, $2,750.
6 acres, state highway, 9 room house, es¬
tablished beer parlor, filling station, good
business, $6,250; terms. ARDELLE KITCHEN,
3341 Frederick, Baltimore, Md.

50 ACRES, paved road, house, bams, elec¬
tricity, piped spring water; $800. Many
others. STARKWEATHER Grand St.,

Oneonta, N. Y.

MAIN HIGHWAY farm 16c quart milk
route; reasonable. GEORGE COLLESTER,
Springfield, Mass.

COUNTRY STORE doing $100 day; $5,500.

Also town- drug store, $2,800. GEORGE
COLLESTER, Springfield, Mass.

WANTED — 15 acres, brook or pool site
essential. Direct commuting to New York
City. Preferably old farm. State full details.
$3,000 to $5,000. All cash. ADVERTISER
2663, care Rural New-Yorker.

Help Wanted

SINGLE MILKER, certified dairy, 15 cows.

Wages $60, room, board. RARITAN

VALLEY FARMS, Somerville, N. J.

HELP WANTED: Middleaged couple, gener¬
al work; small farm, one cow, some
driving. Woman, cook and housework.
Separate furnished modern cottage provided.
Give references, experience and wages.
MRS. E. M. CRONE, South Coventry, Conn.

PLEASANT, RELIABLE , healthy young
woman, wanted for work on large modem
dairy farm. Purebred Jerseys. Must be ex¬
perienced milker and not under 21. Write
fully and state experience first letter. THE
HERMITAGE, Germantown, N. Y.

WANTED — Married men, experienced ma¬
chine and dry-hand milkers; good wages
to those who qualify. Apply or write im¬
mediately to BLOSSOM HILL FARM,
Lebanon, N. J.

DELAVAL SINGLE unit operators and
strippers; must handle 55 cows three
times daily; wages $95 per month plus
room and board. ADVERTISER 2555, care
Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG WOMAN for housekeeping. New
York State. ADVERTISER 2578, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER and cook,
doctor’s home and office. Long Island.
Three adults, two children; starting $45
monthly. Write in detail. ADVERTISER
2597, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL OR WOMAN, housework. $14 week.

Two schools children and baby. Pleasant
home. State experience; character references
necessary. MRS. W. L. LYALL, Jr., 301
Hamilton Rd., Ridgewood, N. J.

WANTED — Married farmer for fruit farm.

State age, wage, family, references. AD¬
VERTISER 2599, care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE MAN for poultry farm. C. W.
PHILIP BAR, Pleasant Valley, N. Y.

MAN OR boy wanted to help on farm near
Walden, N. Y.; must be good milker.
ADVERTISER 2600, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM HAND experienced, give age; milk
two cows, good teamster in woods. $30
monthly, room board. Steady. GREEN
GABLES, Bradford, N. H.

MARRIED MAN, Maryland farm, drive
tractor, etc. Wages, cottage, fuel, milk,
etc. References. ADVERTISER 2602, care
Rural New-Yorker.

OPPORTUNITY FOR man and wife between
30 and 50 years, to become house father
and mother for group of boys in reform
school. Previous institutional experience not
required. Native American farm people given
preference. No dependents accommodated.
Write SUPERINTENDENT, Kis-Lyn, Pa.

OPPORTUNITY FOR young girl to gain
experience in cooking and general house¬
work. Must be amiable and intelligent. Good
home near New York. Salary $35 month.
Send two character references first letter.
ADVERTISER 2603, care Rural New-Yorker.

HELP WANTED: Two girls, white. (1) To
cook and clean first floor. (2) Chamber¬
maid and nurse. State experience, habits.
Salary $35 a month, each. ADVERTISER
2606, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL FOR general housework in nice
Albany home. Experience unnecessary.
Good wages. Write, MRS. CHARLES
CAMERON, 1051 Western Ave., Albany, N. Y.

ASSISTANT HERDSMAN and farmer, 60
acre farm near Rochester; purebred
Guernseys; Surge milker. Capable single
man. $65 montn and board. CRITTENDEN,
Crittenden Rd., Henrietta, N. Y. Rochester
phone.

WANTED — Woman for general housework.

Small family. $50 a month. References.
MRS. GLEED THOMPSON, Corning, N. Y.

WANTED — General houseworker who is
willing to assist elderly people. $50 per
month. KRUGER CONVALESCENT HOME,
379 Webster Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y.

GIRL, WHITE, for light household duties
in private country home, experience un¬
necessary; own room; pleasant and con¬
genial surroundings. P. O. BOX 193,
Suffern, N. Y.

WANTED — A man to take care of store¬
room in institution, must have had some
experience. ADVERTISER 2611, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — A woman for second cook’s
place in institution. ADVERTISER 2612,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man by month. Good milker.
H. KUFPINGER, R. D. 4, Auburn, N. Y.

WANTED TWO men, one a farm hand,
married, capable of operating tractor; no
milking; the other a first class poultry man.
Steady positions. Also want girl for house¬
work. STEPHEN O’HAGAN, Voorheesville,
New York. Albany County.

WANTED — Greenhouse man, middleaged;

good home; state wages. Long Island.
ADVERTISER 2615, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, PLAIN cook; small family.

Connecticut. Own room, bath; $40. Give
full particulars and references. ADVER¬
TISER 2617, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced farmer for small
general farm. Permanent position and
good salary for capable conscientious man.
Modem tenant quarters. JOS. BERNHARD,
Stepney, Conn.

MANAGER FOR large successful dairy farm
with city retail milk business. Must be
thoroughly capable of taking complete
charge. Good opportunity for man with
ability and aggression. Only man of highest ^
type with successful previous connections
will be considered. Capital investment in
the business possible. Write giving age, ex¬
perience and references. ADVERTISER

2618, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER and cook in
small family, in country village. In reply
state experience, age, salary expected and
references. R. F. GREENE, Washingtonville,
New York.

ATTENDANTS, MEN, age limits 18 to 42;

good physical condition; must be United
States citizen and resident of New York
Slate. Salary $54 per month and mainte¬
nance. Apply in person or by letter.
CENTRAL ISLIP STATE HOSPITAL,

Central Islip, L. I., N. Y.

WANTED — Experienced poultryman to take
full charge, 3,000 layers. Woman, cooking
and general housework. Pennsylvania. AD¬
VERTISER 2623, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — White woman between the age
25-40 for general housework in Christian
family, three adults; good home. Write or
telephone for full particulars. MRS.

KIRCHHOFFER, 2286 Richmond Road, New
Dorp, S. I. N. Y.. Tel. Dongan Hills 6-2714.

MARRIED TEAMSTER, experienced in
general farm work. Also single man for
assistant in dairy barn. ADVERTISER 2625,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Experienced houseman for work
in small school. ADVERTISER 2626, care
Rural New-Yorker.

MAID FOR work in small school. State ex¬
perience and wages. ADVERTISER 2627,
care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE FOR Connecticut farm. Woman for
housework; man chores and help on farm.
ADVERTISER 2628, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED MAN on dairy farm, good milker.

Fair wages with room, board. State wages.
W. S. TORBERT, Newtown, Pa.

WANTED — Competent woman as good plain
cook and general houseworker in suburban
home of three adults at Scarsdale, N. Y.,
close to New York City; not a farm and
no outside work; own room and bath.
Pleasant surroundings. Wages $50. Write
fully. ADVERTISER 2630, care Rural New-
Yorker.

GIRL ABOUT 20, assist with housework.

Three children, girls, school age. Four
miles from Syracuse. $7. MRS. HOWARD
CANNON, Dewitt, N. Y. Phone Syracuse
3-1975.

WOMAN WANTED for doctor’s home.

General housework and part time care
of children. Year round. All electric.
Christian. Board and $40 per month. AD¬
VERTISER 2631, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Married man without children
for general farm work. State wages ex¬
pected and qualifications. ADVERTISER
2632, care Rural New-Yorker.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER. Two in family.

Near New York City. Good cook; wages
$50. Give nationality, religion, references.
ADVERTISER 2633, care Rural New-Yorker.

HAVE POSITION for married man on
modern poultry plant in North Carolina;
some tractor work. First class man only,
pays $75 and house; chance for advance¬
ment. Would consider share basis for com¬
petent man. Can use woman for modern
home work. References required, details on
request. Good climate. HOWARD FARMS.
Dunn, N. C.

WANTED — Man 17 to 20, to learn green¬
house business 19 miles from New York.
ADVERTISER 2634, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL OR woman for general housework,
farm home. Small adult family. Write for
particulars. BOX 25, R. D. No. 2, Callicoon,
New York.

COUPLE ON farm, age 50-60 years. Man
barn work, milking machine used.

Woman plain housework, cooking. Good
home; fair wages. ALLEN SHAFER, Box
66, R. No. 1, Montgomery, N. Y.

WANTED — Single farmhand, white, good
milker and cow man; no liquor. $50 a
month and board. ADVERTISER 2636,
care Rural New-Yorker.

RELIABLE. EXPERIENCED man on dairy
farm. ROLAND FOX, Fonda, N. Y.

WANTED — Handyman. No rush work. De¬
cent wages. References. LIPROY’S DUCK
HATCHERY, Route 1, New Brunswick, N. J.

HOUSEWORKER — Four room apartment; 1
child; pleasant surroundings. New York
City. State salary. ADVERTISER 2641, care
Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED, childless, thoroughly
experienced poultry man. Wife to be
housekeeper and cook. Excellent oppor¬
tunity. Steady position. Pleasant surround¬
ings. Good salary. ADVERTISER 2643, care
Rural New-Yorker.

FIRST CLASS housekeeper wanted by
farmer with two children of school age.
Please give age and experience. ADVER¬
TISER 2645, care Rural New-Yorker.

Other Advertisements of Subscribers
Exchange will be found on page 586.

Argilla C. Foam at Argilla Farm, Ipswich, Mass., a purebred Guern¬
sey owned by S. M. Merrill. In a recent test she produced 14,543.2 lbs.
of milk and 808.1 lbs. of butterfat (5.55%), taking tenth place in Class
EE. This puts her in the front ranks of her breed.

I have j

£t9lo"°

quality,

*»«*• farm

Ipswich, Mole

mm)

ARGILLA FARM GUERNSEYS

PROVE VALUE OF GOOD FEED

Argilla Farm’s world record

Zj\ Guernseys are still making
JL .A. dairy history. Remember
Palotterie of High Rock, world’s long
distance producer, only Guernsey to
hold more than two 900 lb. butter-
fat records? She had four of them.
And Brookfield Wyoming, who made
many fine records, including one of
13,502.9 lbs. of milk and 719.7 lbs.
butterfat when she was 16 years old,
and another of 11,576.3 lbs. milk and
629.1 lbs. butterfat at 20 years of age!

And such individuals as Argilla
Ceres (15,009.8 lbs. milk, 880.9 lbs.
fat, Class DD) and Argilla Formosa
(sold for $1,950) and Argilla Fina
Lee (13,781.9 lbs. milk, 843.7 lbs. fat,
Class EE, 8th place) and Ann Lee
of Argilla Farm, Argilla Faith and
many more.

These brilliant records are a trib-

• These contain six different species of
sheep worms . . . stomach worms, lesser
stomach worms, bankrupt worms, hook¬
worms, large-mouthed bowel worms,
and nodular worms ... all of them re¬
moved from sheep by FT2, a Phenothi-
azine worm remedy.

FT2 is proving every day what it can
do with the worm problem. Here’s a
letter that says, “The results obtained
through the use of PT2 are very grati¬
fying. Our flock is in much better phys¬
ical condition than ever before at this

ute to the skill of R. J. McKenzie,
Manager of Argilla Farm, who re¬
cently wrote us, saying: “I have been
feeding Larro for 20 years because of
its uniform high quality.”

Thousands of dairymen today are
following the lead of men like Mr.
McKenzie. Larro “Farm-tested”
Dairy Feed and the Larro Feeding
System may be the solution of your
more milk problem. They are de¬
signed to help each cow in your herd
attain long life with peak health and
peak production. Have a talk with
your Larro dealer and write to us for
complete information about Larro
Dairy Feeds and the Larro Feeding
System.

LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

(Trade Name)

Division of General Mills, Ine.

Dept. G Detroit, Michigan

laboratory shelf

season of the year.” We are getting
letters like this regularly.

Have you wormed your sheep for the
winter? We recommend that you use
either PT2 Pellets or PT2 Drench. You
can also buy PT2 Powder to be given
in the feed, but we believe that indi¬
vidual dosing is more desirable for
sheep. See your Dr. Hess Dealer about
PT2, or write

DR; HESS & CLARK, Inc;

Ashland, Ohio

Delmarva

The Fall drought was finally re¬
lieved slightly by heavy showers
early last month. The northwest wind
which followed pulled the mercuyy
from the top of the thermome¬
ters. The rain did a little good but
did not pentrate far enough to make
har'd ground plowable. Some seeded
wheat' and clover started and sub¬
sequently died as surface water
evaporated and left seedling roots in
dry dust. It remains a long way
down to permanent moisture. In a
few small areas shallow wells have
even gone dry.

The hot dry weather which has
been so harmful in our fields has
favored poultry. Possibly that highly
important peninsula industry will
more than offset the bad growing
season. Even now, it is keeping an
enormous volume of cash moving.
Farmers who have one or two
hundred turkeys should be well
satisfied. It was easy to protect such
a modest number from extreme heat
and losses have been very light. Birds
could be heavier. It has been much
too warm for any to fatten properly.
Heaviest birds are to be offered for
Thanksgiving; Christmas markets
will get the rest.

Broiler houses are still going up.
Some already built remain only
partially filled. Hatching eggs are
scarce, so hatcheries are unable to
set to capacity. Chick prices are
about 50 per cent above Spring
prices. There are less broilers in
houses than earlier because chicks
cannot be obtained. Following the
continued increase in house capacity
hatcheries are increasing facilities.
Eggs are not in sight to fill all these
incubators and little is being done
on Delmarva to supply them. New
England may look for a keen demand
for cross bred hatching eggs for
a while to come. c.

Potatoes Grown Under
Straw

For two years, Charles Wolfe, of
Youngstown, N. Y., has planted his
potatoes by di'opping the seed po¬
tatoes on the soil and covering them
with straw. His experience has
been that the potatoes grow to a
good size and require no spraying
nor cultivating. At harvest time the
straw and potato vines are pitched
aside with a fork to uncover the
potatoes for picking.

This year Mr. Wolfe carried out
an experiment to determine how
much straw is required for best re¬
sults. At planting time, he covered
one-half of a test plot with 10 inches
of wheat straw and the other half
with 18 inches. In the middle of
August there was heavy growth
where the 18 inches of straw was
used, while only sparse foliage where
the 10 inches of straw was used. No
potato bugs could be found in the
entire plot and only a few thistles
appeared in the portion where the
10-inch covering of straw had been
applied. s. o. p.

New York

Photo — Mary E. Rose, Middletown, Conn.

Chapman’s Falls, Devil’s Hopyard,
East Haddam, Conn.

When you write advertisers mention The R. N.- Y. and you'll get a
quick reply and a " square deal." See guarantee editorial page.

Tarro

arret

. mihy cows _

DAIRY

FEED

-tested

DAIRYfiS

SYSTEM

’tormfested" is a registered trademark of General Mills, Inc.

Six little bottles on

vgg-sz&l&zZ:

iff)

is The government has asked the
dairy industry to step up production
— and the Hinman Milker will help
you do your part!

Here’s the milker endorsed by lead¬
ing dairymen from coast to coast. The
Hinman will help you get more milk,
more butterfat. Using only 10" of
vacuum it’s a safer, gentler type of
milking that soothes cows, keeps them
relaxed and empties the udders faster
— up to IS cows per hour with one
unit. So simple
to operate, a
12-year-old boy
or girl can do
the milking.

FREE new
folder gives all
the facts. Write today!

HINMAN MILKING

MACHINE CO., Inc.

Box 21

Oneida, N. Y.

ne«;TEAT CUP!

SIMPLE 2-PIECE UNIT MILKS FASTER- CLEANS IN A JIFFY!

Nothing like it! Milks up to 25% faster, eleaner,
with less strippings. Cleans in a minute and is

ready to use again. Sticks on better to any size,
shape teat. Made especially for De Laval as well
as other standard milkers. Just TWO parts to

clean, the one-piece lifetime shell
and the one-piece rubber infla¬
tion. No threads, no rings, no
gadgets, no assembling tools need¬
ed. Let us PROVE at our risk

that the Maes Teat Cup is the

finest you ever used — send at once
for details of our Money Back Trial
and TRADE-IN OFFER. Write
TODAY, stating name of milker.

R. E. MAES, 951 W. Mich. Ave., MARSHALL, MICH.

GUARANTEE!

You may re.
turn cups with’
in 30 days and
get all your
money back.

How to relieve PUFFS, STRAINS
LAMENESS, SWELLINGS and
keep horse
at work

The best way to
keep bruises, puffs,
strains and swell¬
ings from causing
long, expensive “lay
ups’’ is to attend to
them right away.

For over 40 years
many leading vet-
erinaries have used
Absorbine to help
prevent such congestive troubles from becom¬
ing permanent afflictions. Absorbine rubbed
on swelling relieves the soreness. By speeding
blood flow to injury.it helps carry off congestion.
Often swelling is relieved in a few hours.

Absorbine costs $2.50 for a LONG-LASTING
BOTTLE. When Absorbine works to clear up
injury, as it has on many others, you will agree
Absorbine is worth many times its cost. At all
druggists. W. F. Young, Inc., Springfield, Mass.

ABSORBINE

Preferred the world
over for its greater
speed, ease of han¬
dling, rugged,
lasting dura¬
bility.

CLI PM ASTER

New anti-friction tension control assures perfect
tension between blades lor cooler, lighter running —
faster, easier clipping. Makes blades stay sharp longer.
Exclusive Stewart design ball-bearing motor Is air
cooled and entirely encased in the Insulated EASY-
GR1P handle that is barely two inches in diameter.
Completely insulated— no ground wire required. The
fastest clipping, smoothest running, easiest-to-use clipper
for cows, horses, dogs, mules, etc. A $25 value for $21.95
complete. 100-120 volts. Special voltages slightly higher.
At your dealer’s or send $1.00. Pay balance on arrival.
Send for FREE catalog of Stewart electric and hand-
power Clipping and Shearing machines. Made and
guaranteed by Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, Dept.
82, 5600 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois. 52 years
mating Quality products. *

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T H A C A

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SFemiZ&'N.Tft'r HOji

■Re-entered as Seoond-ClasayWSfcer Ju
Office at New York, N. Yf, tinder thi

November 15, 1941

Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.,
333 W. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year.

Photo — Russell S. Anderson, Rocky Hill. Conn.

Mr. Gobbler Parading in

594

H* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

Keeping Fruit Trees True to Name

G the second decade of the
present century a well known
college professor was telling
fruit growers about his per¬
sonal experiences in starting
an apple orchard in Massa¬
chusetts. Outstanding among these experi¬
ences was that of finding that many of his
trees bore apples of a different variety from
that which he thought he had planted. The
most disconcerting fact was that many of
the McIntosh trees, which comprised the bulk
of the orchard, turned out to bear Wolf River
apples. The professor was very careful never
to mention the name of the nursery furnish¬
ing these trees in public and was about as
successful in concealing the name of the
nursery as I shall be in concealing the name
of the professor! Needless to say, the business
of that particular nursery in New England
fell off very decidedly. It may be getting
ahead of my story but it is only just to say
that at the present time that particular
nursery has as few misnamed trees as any
large nursery in the country.

This experience of the college professor
was by no means unique. Many other growers
had the same or worse experiences. Further¬
more, they made a great howl about it. It
does not appear that New England fruit
growers got more than their share of mis¬
named trees but they did make more noise
than any other section of the country. Per¬
haps the New Englander is more apt to make
a holler if he thinks he has been subjected
to a raw deal! At any rate, the complaints
of misnamed trees were loud and long.

During this same period another college
professor was engaged in some experimental
work which required whip grafting certain
varieties on seedling roots and then budding
the graft to another variety. Owing perhaps
to the lack of nursery skill of the professor,
some of these inserted buds failed to grow. _
In such cases an ambitious bud on the scion
would start to grow, which made the row
of trees a mixture of two varieties. Moreover,
some of the buds would start to grow and
then die. Others would hesitate about start¬
ing and finally decide to make an attempt.
The professor tried to keep track of whether
the inserted buds grew and to label the trees
where the buds failed to start. Owing to the
complication just mentioned, this method did
not work out very well. He soon found that
the best solution of the problem was to leave
the trees alone until the Summer before they
were ready to dig. Each lot of trees was made
up of only two varieties. He found that he

By J. K. Shaw

fessor. But he did have presence of mind
finally to inquire if there were more than
one shoot of a variety. This proving to be
the case, the examination was passed with
a good mark!

It was then decided that the Massachusetts
Fruit Growers Association should sponsor the
certification of apple trees true to name. An
identification tag was to be attached to each
fruit tree true to name, which identified the
tree ever after. This certification work was
begun in 1921 and continued in one form or
another until the present year when it was

Dr. J. K. Shaw, sealing the first certified tree, in
1921. Certification is now discontinued because the
less expensive inspection and marking of trees
not true to name seems satisfactory.

discontinued. The number increased rapidly
for six or eight years until it reached 168,000
a year. Since then the number of trees
certified has decreased.

In the early years of certification it was
the practice to tag only the trees that were
true to name and pay. no further attention to
the mixtures that were found, and the

could tell the difference between these two nurseryman was quite apt to go merrily on

propagating these mixtures year after year.
After a few years of this experience it was
possible to convince the nurseryman that his
whole nursery should be examined. Begin¬
ning about 1928 it became the practice to
examine all the trees in the nursery and to
cut out or mark in some way trees not true
to name. Usually, but not always, the nursery¬
man avoided cutting buds from such trees and
thus reduced the number of misnamed trees
in his nursery.

This is the practice at the present time.
The trees are gone over row by row in their
first season of growth. The trained eye de¬

varieties. Inasmuch as 20 or 30 varieties were
involved in this experiment, he soon came to
know these varieties so that he could recog¬
nize them in the nursery row.

Now comes the third factor in the situation,
an Experiment Director who knew that two
and two make four; in other words, that the
knowledge of this college professor might be
used to solve the fruit grower’s problem. So
in the Summer of 1921 Director Sidney B.

Haskell of the Massachusetts Experiment
Station called a meeting which was attended
by the Commissioner of Agriculture and
representatives of the College and fruit
growers. Some skepticism being
expressed as to the knowledge of
the professor concerning varieties,
he offered to submit himself to
a test. And so a committee of
fruit growers brought in leafy
shoots selected from some 30 well
known varieties, each shoot being
numbered, and when the fruit
growers were all gathered to¬
gether and had had a good dinner
they proceeded to test the pro¬
fessor out. The professor supposed
there would be one shoot of a
variety. What was his dismay on
being presented with a bundle
that must have contained 50 or
60 shoots. The perfidious com¬
mittee must have gone beyond
the list of varieties which they
were given with the deliberate
intention of swamping the pro- Checking Fruit Trees in the Nursery for Trueness to

tects any strangers in the row and if the
nurseryman allows, they are pulled out root
and branch. If they are in such numbers as
to make this expensive, and the variety is
certainly known, they are marked by a dab
of paint on the trunk, which identifies such
trees during the rest of their stay in the
nursery and makes it possible to separate them
out at digging time. Moreover, the observant
bud cutter may avoid cutting buds from these
trees in their second year, which is the season
of cutting bud sticks. «

In very few if any cases has a nursery
proven to be free from misnamed trees on
the first examination. The percentage is
never large but some varieties may be very
badly mixed or even a variety may be grown
under a name not belonging to it, a thing
that has happened in quite a number of
cases. With the repeated annual examinations
the number of misnamed trees gradually de¬
creases but rarely entirely disappears. Oc¬
casionally a good sized nursery will come
through with a record of absolutely no mis¬
named trees but this is the exception rather
than the rule. New mixtures creep in.

It may be well now to discuss for a moment
how these mixtures get into the nursery. They
come in through the fallability of the human
eye and mind. A bud cutter may get on the
wrong row or he may run over a stake into
a different variety. Bud sticks get mixed and
where trees are whip grafted in the grafting
room, scions are even more apt to get mixed
and get where they do not belong. Once the
mixture is introduced in the nursery it is
propagated until somebody finds it out and
straightens things out. There are many known
cases where the mixture has been propagated
for 20 or 30 years, and perhaps more,
without detection.

We are finding in recent years that most
of these mixtures start from the supposedly
reliable source of buds from bearing trees.
It is just as possible to make mistakes in the
bearing orchard as it is in the nursery. As
an illustration, a bud cutter from a nursery
was told by the orchard owner that there
were three rows of Elberta and three rows
of Belle of Georgia in an orchard and he was
told how they were located, but the bud cutter
got the rows turned at an angle of 90 degrees.
Consequently, he cut his Elberta buds half
from Elberta and half from Belle of Georgia.
This resulted in a glorious mixture in the
nursery.

Were it not for the fact that some very
excellent fruit growers may happen to read
this, I might cite several instances where well
known growers have furnished mixed buds
to nurserymen. I know, for I have done it
myself, and then found the mixtures in the
nursery row.

In the early years, attention was confined
to apples but soon pear, plum, and later
cherry varieties were added. For some reason
pears and plums were not as badly mixed
as apples but some very bad errors were
found such as the “False Bose,” which was
found in several cases being grown for Bose.
No name has been found for this, which
makes a better tree than Bose, but the fruit
is little if any superior to Kieffer.

Sour cherries have never been very badly
mixed but sweet cherries have
been found to be a deplorable
mess in the nui’sery. In one
nursery town a block of some
four or five thousand cherries
were found being grown under
the name, we will say, of White
Chinaman. Not one of these trees
were true to name, a fact which
must have been well known to
other nurserymen in the vicinity.
But did we get any hint of this
situation? Not a word until we
had decided the question, when
they admitted that they had
known the situation all along.
Only this Summer one nursery¬
man said to us: “There is a
nurseryman in this town (he is
dead now) who sold White
Chinaman cherries for years but
Name. (Continued on Page 596)

with grade Guernsey heifer calf,
first prize. Right and center:
Clifford Steffan, Holland, with
New Hampshire cock which won
first prize, and with grade draft
yearling colt, fifth prize.

: v ■

Farm Experience for Boys

Will came to my father’s farm for his first
try" at earning a living. He was to have board,
room, and laundry and $100 for seven months’
work. He was 17 and already something of
an adventurer. A pretty girl on a nearby
farm attracted Will, and he wanted to “take
her places.” He wanted to buy a horse, in
fact he said: “My business requires one.”
Father advised that it would make too big
a hole in his summer wages. He also warned
that Dan, the horse Will wanted to buy, did
not always hold back well in harness. “Breech¬
ing shy,” they called it. But Will bought
the horse.

He had some satisfaction driving him for
a while. One day when we were hauling hay,
Will suggested Dan in to make a second team.
As they had to bring the loads downhill
father said that Dan might not work well.
Will said bravely that if Dan wouldn’t work
well, he wanted to know it. When old Dan
kicked over the wagon tongue on the hill and
made a lot of trouble, Will did know his
horse better and wanted to get rid of him.

That evening he went to the
village and found a man who
traded him a cow for the horse.

Will proudly told father what a
fine big cow he had; but when he
brought the cow home and saw it
among our Durhams, it looked so
inferior that he was sick of it. He
traded it off for an old buggy and
a gun. Father asked, “Will, where
is your money now?” Will looked
sober but brightened a bit as he
said, “I’ve been getting experi¬
ence.”

Forty years later, my husband
and I are taking boys for their
farm practice on our general farm
on Cayuga Lake. We are often
reminded of Will and can some¬
times make a sour situation look
humorous when we remember
that a boy is “getting experience.”

This type of experience for boys
is so valued that the New York
Agricultural Schools and our
College of Agriculture require it
before they graduate their students. The
State College of Agriculture recommends at
least one year on a well-managed farm be¬
fore entering the college course so that the
boys may familiarize themselves with the
common affairs and operations of the farm.

Our farm has a major project of growing
certified seed grains, and we also raise regis¬
tered sheep, dairy and beef cattle. For good
measure we have a small riding stable co¬
operating with the Physical Education De¬
partment of Wells College. In addition we
have a small commercial evergreen nursery
and a half-acre of hardy chrysanthemums.

Among the boys seeking experience on our
farm have been many from foreign lands.
Of the more than 200 boys who have come
to this farm during the past quarter century,
there have been Chinese, Portuguese, Greeks,
Italians, Germans, and Russians; but most of
them have been Americans.

Recently we asked a number of our boys
for their opinion of the value of Farm Prac¬
tice and also what they gained from it and
how they thought it could be improved.
The boys have responded with delightful
frankness and good sense.

Bob Williams,
whose father makes
movies in Holly¬
wood and who plans
to be a New England
farmer, says, “Frorn^

Farm Practice a boy"
may learn a great
deal or practically
nothing. Besides
soaking in a good
dose of ultra-violet
rays and getting
healthy, the student
who is just working
for credit and not
to benefit himself
may learn only the
rudimentary func¬
tions of farming

and just plod through his chores and jobs
and puttering as told. He thinks of farming
as drudgery and crude, too many hard hours,
too little pay. He overlooks the important
things and emphasizes the advantages of the
city which appeal to lazy and dependent types.
He forgets that he can learn the value of
self-reliance, patience, efficiency, and prompt¬
ness. He doesn’t want to learn the ways of
the country, won’t even give them a trial.
He does not see the bond which holds the
country community together and keeps it
working as a unit for the mutual benefit of
all. Farm Practice could teach him kindness
and respect for farm animals, the importance
of weather conditions in relation to crops, the
importance of health and the joy of being
able to do a hard day’s work, and the costli¬
ness of carelessness, inefficiency, and slack¬
ness.

John, who for 10 years has been a success¬
ful employee of a Boston bank, gives a vivid
picture of his original entry into farm life.
“Having lived in a city, and a big one at
that, all my life, it was only natural that I
looked with some trepidation on assuming a

Thomas P. Shultes standing on his 13 -foot corn field, Bearsville, Ulster

County, New York.

position on a farm. I had just turned 17. I
really don’t remember what I started in learn¬
ing, but I do recall cleaning milk pails, and
getting it impressed on my mind that cleanli¬
ness was either next to or even before
Godliness when it comes to putting up milk.
Getting-up time was 5 A. M., not so bad as
I had been led to believe.”

As to what knowledge the boys acquired
on the farm, the answers are interesting in
that they show that boys learn what they are
eager to know. The boy who has a veterinary
course ahead may care little about the
operation and care of machinery, but he is
eager to learn about animals — their charac¬
teristics, feeding, care, diseases, injuries, and
how to treat them. He also wishes to know
which crops produce good food for the stock.

The boy who has a strong mechanicfal bent
finds exercise for that in all the various
devices on the farm; not only in their use,
but in repairing them and in making new
ones. The farm is always challenging the
ingenuity of workers to find new devices
better to handle its operation.

Our best farm mechanic last Summer was
a brilliant boy of 14 yho says with zest, “I

Winners at the 1941 Hamburg, Erie Countv, New York, Fair
Left: Harry Kanner, Holland,

was given the opportunity to handle, study,
and repair nearly every bit of farm machinery
available.” To his credit we can say that he
made excellent use of the opportnity and be¬
came in two months a much-trusted helper,
able to meet unusual situations with quick
intelligence and good judgment.

The boys speak of the cordial attitude of
the community toward them. According to
Burkhardt, who has lived in four European
countries, “I like country people because they
are friendly, clean, and neighborly. They did
their best to make me feel like one of them.”

John adds, “I cultivated many friendships
which have stuck for the 11 years since I
returned to the city. Sundays, a happy day
of rest, I was glad to go to church and meet
other people. Sunday afternoons and some¬
times on other days we took trips to see points
of interest. My friends are in the community,
at the farm, at the church, or are former em¬
ployees. When I have returned, as I have
three times so far, I am greeted as though
I had returned from a trip, instead of being
on one.”

Nathan, who found himself growing un¬
social in the atmosphere of a
New York bank where the con¬
cern was more for money than
for people, decided to study agri¬
culture. He says of living on a
farm, “It is the only way to gain
a real insight into the way of life
of country people. To understand
and get to know them, and to dis¬
cover the fascination that the
land holds for those who become
familiar and intimate with it. I
made some good friendships and
I don’t believe I can ever forget
the simple, warm hospitality of
some of the people. You don’t
know how much I appreciated
that and how it helped dispell
my sometimes melancholy moods.”

We asked the boys, “Did you
learn to direct the work of
others?” We value this ability in
a boy if he can take other boys
and help them do a job diligently
and capably. We often have new
boys needing such direction.

Mervin, a New York City boy, says, “Farm
experience teaches one to take orders and
to carry them out efficiently. It also gives one
the chance to direct and explain things to
other boys. Farm experience shows the
necessity of diligent and good work. If one
wants to produce a good job, one must do
good work. Personal satisfaction is the finest
feeling one can have. If in school you do
not do your best or try your hardest, you
are fooling nobody but yourself. But on a
farm you are fooling the employer and the
people to whom the farmer is selling his
products.”

Gilbert, the dapper assistant drum major
of his college band, writes, “Since working-
on farms, I have learned one thing which
is of special importance to me — the value of
money. I guess I used to believe that money
just came without any fuss or bother and I
spent it that way; but now, while still too
much a spender, I know that money comes
hard and needs to be taken care of.”

Herbert, a keen observer, now graduated
from the Conservation Department of the
New York State Agricultural College, wrote.
“As I am very much interested in nature

study, I had an ideal
opportunity to learn

Photo — G. E. Smith, Holland, N. Y.

new things about the
plant and animal
world. Since I was
outdoors most of the
day, I was able to
make many inter¬
esting observations.
This added much to
making farm life a
real pleasant life. I
got a great deal out
of the five months I
worked on the farm.
Not only did I learn
to do the chores and
handle the horses
and machinery, but
(Con’t on Page 599)

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

595

596

Df RURAL NEW. YORKER

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however, now is the time to install a good
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Practical Apple Selling

The New York and New England
Apple Institute states that a fine
example of grower team work and
cold storage cooperation is shown in
the plan whereby a large part of the
apples of Ulster County will contri¬
bute to the promotion of their sale
and use in their natural markets
and consuming centers.

Ulster County has some 45 com¬
mercial or grower cold storages
from which apples are sold direct to
trucking or city buyers or trucked
to Greater New York for sale or
on order. With the elimination of
the present use of a tax plan of
collection for apple promotion, the
growers of Ulster County considered
the plan used in Dutchess County
whereby the storage adds one cent
per bushel to its storage rate, to be
paid to the Institute. Practically all
the storages signed an agreement to
collect one cent per bushel, for the
apples stored by them and to pay
it to the Institute. The Institute then
agreed to employ and direct the
work of several retail store contact
men who will call on and assist the
stores to sell more Ulster County
apples. A special and important
part of this plan is the appointment
of a County Committee meeting
from time to time to study the local
working problems and to plan with
the Institute for the best promotion
of their apples with the money
they have raised.

Thanks from New Jersey

I thought you would like to know
just what interest arose from your
article on our frozen food lockers
down here in Hunterdon County,
New Jersey. If any of our recent
visitors come up the path with eager,
expectant faces, we just know they
have finished reading the article in
The Rural New-Yorker. There are
three definite types of responses —
one, the man who begs us to start
a mail order of frozen foods to dis¬
tant parts of New Jersey or even
Pennsylvania; second, the dissatis¬
fied New York City business man
who measures every inch of our
building, inspects, questions, and
finally thinks “it is just the business
for him to get away from the city,”
and finally the farmer who has been
coming to the Auction Market across
the street for months and “has been
wondering what th^t building was
all about.”

Again please accept our thanks
for the article. We are trying to do
a real job here and the necessary
education of the general public can
only be attained by constructive
observations such as have appeared
in the columns of The Rural New-
Yorker. Mrs. M. Hubert Hilder

New Jersey

Keeping Fruit Trees True
to Name

(Continued from Page 594)
he never had a tree of that variety
in his nursery for 30 years.” Any¬
one buying sweet cherry trees that
have not been examined for trueness
to name in the nursery stands con¬
siderable risk of getting something
he doesn’t want.

The present year is the 21st year
of this work. The number of nur¬
series examined have varied from
year to year but during the past six
or eight years have included about
20 nurseries among which are most

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postpaid for 10c. Senddime today* _____
lurpee's Seed Catalog FREE — all best flowers,
vegetables. Have a garden— help produce food.

W. Atlee Burpee Co.. 349 Burpee Building, Philadelphia

GROWING FRUIT TREES

For Over Half a Century

In the fertile, rich, historic Schoharie Valley 100 acres.
Inquiries solicited from New York, New England,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Ohio. Write us now.

t. A. GUERNSEY & CO.

Schoharie Nurseriet

Schoharie, New York

STRAWBERRIES

PAV ALLEN’S BERRY BOOK

Sv M describes best early me¬
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ties. Tells how to grow big, lu-
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ket. Copy Free. Write Today.

W. F. ALLEN COMPANY
72 West Oak St., Salisbury, Md.

November 15, 1941

of the large nurseries in the terri¬
tory extending from New England to
Michigan and Virginia. These nur¬
series are now pretty free from mis¬
named trees.

It remains to say a few words
about the situation with peach varie¬
ties. Any peach grower who knows
how difficult it is to tell different
varieties of peaches by the fruit will
be ready to believe that it is equally
difficult to tell them by the nursery
trees. In fact, there are certain
closely related varieties which prob¬
ably cannot be distinguished by the
trees. Yet, a great many mixtures
have been detected. In fact, in one
nursery almost half of the entire
nursery proved to be varieties which
were known not to be true to name.
Therefore, with peaches we pick out
varieties which we know are not
true to name and those of which we
are suspicious but not positive. This
undoubtedly leaves some cases of
varieties which resemble each other
too closely to be certain about. We
are helpless to do anything about
these. However, increasing study of
peach varieties yields constant pro¬
gress in knowing varieties and we
hope that with increasing experi¬
ence more and more varieties will
be removed from these indistinguish-
ables.

Each nurseryman who has his
nursery examined is given a full
written report of what is found and
a statement setting forth what fruits
have been examined, apples, pears,
plums, and cherries, or certain of
them, and that all trees are be¬
lieved to be true to name. This
statement implies that trees with a
dab of paint have a different name
than the rest of the row. Peaches
are never included in this statement
for reasons explained above.

The writer hopes that he will not
be accused of undue egotism when
he asserts that this work has gone
a long way toward keeping varieties
true to name in the orchard. The
vociferous complaints of 20 or 30
years ago from fruit growers in New
England have died away to almost
nothing. It is rare now to hear of
an , orchard coming in bearing and
producing fruits other than that
which the owner thought he had
planted. Another angle is- that the
nurserymen have very much fewer
complaints to adjust and dissatisfied
customers to smooth down. There¬
fore, we feel that this work of
examining nurseries for trueness to
name has been of benefit to all
concerned.

AJuuiYs iui nume uraraeners

Everybody’s Garden,

F. A. Waugh . $3.50

Garden Guide,

A. T.* De La Mare . 2.00

Practical Tomato Culture,

F. C. and M. A. Pellet . 75

Practical Vegetble Culture,

Albert E. Wilkinson . 2.00

Vegetable Gardening,

R. L. Watts x . 2.50

For Sale by The Rural New-Yorker,
333 West 30th St., New York City.
(N. Y. City Sales, add 1% Sales Tax)

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, NOV. 15, 1941.

FARM TOPICS

Farm Experience, for Boys
Pennsylvania Farm News
Electricity for Defense ..

Notes from a Hillside Farm”

HORTICULTURE

595

598

601

605

Keeping Fruit Trees True to Name
Effective Treatment for Potato Rot
Supporting Telephone Peas ..

Protected Wild Plants _

WTieat in Maine .

A Real Service to the ' Horticultural
Industry . .

594

597

598
598

600

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Milk Plants Burn .

“Seven Decades of Milk”
Delaware Experiment Station

Corn Stalks in Silo .

Yield of Lespedeza _ _ . ..'

Raising Calves .

Feed for Working Horses .

Ration with Corn-and-Cob Meal
Fattening Hogs in Virginia _

. . 600
. . 600
. . 602
. . 604
.\. 604
. . 604
. . 604
. . 604
.. 605

WOMAN AND HOME

Real Thanksgiving . 606

Needlework Competition . 606

Red Cross Neighborliness . . ... 606

For the Boys in Camp . . . 606

Plant Now for Easter Blooming .... 607
The Pinfeather Problem . 607

THE HENYARD

Better Meat Quality Needed . 600

The Vitamins in One Egg . 600

Monument to a Fowl . 60S

Finish Turkeys Before Marketing 609

MISCELLANEOUS

Our Great Democracy Part XII . . 601

Publisher’s Desk . 610

From the Typical R. N.-Y. Farm Family 612

lb* RURAL NEW-YORKER

597

IDE! A Id ft mod saw

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“ELEPHANT HIDE” denim
for longer wear

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CCC-T-191). Cus¬
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Dept. 64- A, Adams, N. Y.

Spruce up Your Gun

With Hoppe’s No. 9.

Takes a clean gun to get accuracy,
pattern, distance and game. Get the
primer, powder, lead and metal fouling
out of your gun bore com¬
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Stops rust. Your gun dealer
sells Hoppe’s No. 9 or send
10c for sample. Write for
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today.

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2332 North 8th Street, Phils. Pa.

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When you write advertisers mention
The Rural New-Yorker and you’ll get
a quick reply and a “square deal.” See
guarantee editorial page. : : :

Effective Treatment for
Potato Rot

The potato yield on our Merri-
conn Farm, in Nelson, N. H., for the
year 1940, averaged better than 300
bushels of Green Mountain potatoes
to the acre. The actual value of the
yield was materially reduced by the
presence of dry rot, due to late
blight, in at least one-fiifth of the
crop. This diseased condition ap¬
peared both at the time of digging
and later in the storage bins.

The 1941 crop has now been har¬
vested and neighboring farmers re¬
port much loss due to dry rot. In
one case 50 per cent, while another
farmer considered the potatoes too
badly infected to warrant harvesting.
Due to special treatment this year
our present crop of potatoes had
less than 50 tubers which showed
any sign of dry rot.

It has been a practice for several
years to spray the potato plants
twice during the growing season with
a mixture of calcium arsenate and
bordeaux, but, due to lack of
equipment, this has not thoroughly
covered each plant. This year, in
addition to the usual spraying, we
treated all seed potatoes with a cold
solution of formaldehyde. One pint
of commercial formaldehyde was
added to two gallons of water. To
this solution was also added two
tablespoons of carbolic acid. The cut
tubers were soaked in the solution
for one hour, drained and planted
immediately. Two gallons of this
formo-carbolic solution was used for
each TO bushels of seed potatoes. The
treatment did not apparently injure
the sprout for the plants grew
normally.

To further check the effectiveness
of this treatment five bushels of rot
infected potatoes, taken from the
bins, were spread along a furrow
400 feet in length. This furrow was
plowed on land not previously turned
over in 20 years, but adjoining land
where the badly blight infested crop
was grown last year. Before cover¬
ing these decaying tubers they were
thoroughly sprinkled with the formo-
carbolic solution. No fertilizer, other
than the rotting potatoes, was used
in this experiment. The yield from
the plot this Fall was five bushels,
two of which conformed to the U. S.
standard for size. But more signifi¬
cant is the fact that not a sign of
rot could be found. These potatoes
were dug after the tops were com¬
pletely dead in order to give ample
time for the diseased condition to
appear.

Late blight is a potato disease of
long standing and wide distribution,
which has been carefully investi¬
gated for methods of control. There¬
fore this simple, inexpensive method
of combating the disease is reported
simply because of the results ob¬
tained. Further use will prove its
true effectiveness. P. H. Struthers

Supporting Telephone Peas

Peas thrive in this northern New
Hampshire climate and are profit¬
able. To get a large yield of big
pods, Telephones are best to plant.
But there is the problem of support¬
ing the vines. Twenty 45 foot rows,
which was the number we planted,
made chicken wire too expensive,
and it was difficult to get brush.

We met the problem as follows:
We put stout bean poles about 12
feet apart in each row, and six feet
from each end pole, and in line with
the row, drove short stakes into the
ground. When the plants were about
a foot high, we ran a cord of binder
twine along each row and on the
opposite side from the prevailing
wind, that the peas would be blown
against, not away from, the cord.
When the plants grew higher, we
ran another cord, and so on until
the peas reached full growth. Each
end pole was guyed to its stake. This
was important, as the strain of the
grown vines on the cords and end
poles is great. Each row required
about seven cords for support. And
tall peas must be adequately sup¬
ported. If allowed to bend over,
the flow of sap is restricted, result¬
ing in small deformed pods.

In this way the support problem
was easily and inexpensively solved.
We got 25 bushels from the rows.
An eight pound ball of binder cord,
about 4,000 feet, cost one dollar. The
cord can be used for at least two
years, using new cord only for guy¬
ing the end poles. Harry S. Martin

Fum trucks,

loo. must i

sene

75^... you need the extra dependability
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These are days when extra quality, extra dependability and extra
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DODGE PRODUCTS
FOR DEFENSE: Com¬
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Cars » Field Radio
Cars* Troop and Cargo
Motor Transports •
Weapon Carriers •
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Forgings lor Bomber
Fuselages • Parts and
Assemblies for Anti-
Aircraft Cannons.

BETTER BECAUSE Of CHRYSLER CORPORATION ENGINEERING

593

•P* RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

Pennsylvania Farm News

Eugene Mutchler-, Cogan Station,
and Robert Crist, Jersey Shore,
representing Lycoming County’s
state championship 4-H dairy
demonstration team, took second
honors in the national contest at the
National Dairy Show and Tri-State
Fair at Memphis, Tenn. They
qualified for a $100 scholarship to
any agricultural college of their
selection. The youths, members of
4-H Clubs in their respective dis¬
tricts, won Pennsylvania honors
August 15 at Pennsylvania State
College at which time Mutchler was
judged the outstanding youth in the
State event.

Three plots of hybrid corn planted
by the Lancaster County Agricult¬
ural Extension Service were harvest¬
ed the third week in October. Fifty
kinds of hybrid corn, repeated five
and six times, were planted in each
of these plots. All of the most popu¬
lar varieties of Pioneer, Pfister,
Funk, DeKalb, Williams and Moews-
Lowe were included in the tests.
The purpose of the tests is to obtain
better information on the relative
performance and merit of the vari¬
ous hybrid varieties that are offered
to corn growers in Lancaster County.
All of the plots were checked over
during the season to note time of
silking, distribution of pollen, at¬
tacks by beetles and so forth.
County Agent F. S. Bucher super¬
vised the huskings.

After four years of trying, Paul
Van Cleve won the Lancaster
County corn husking crown in a
dramatic ‘photo finish’ last month
and actually won by an ear! At first,
Thomas Michener, Columbia, R. D. 1,
also in his fourth try for the crown,
was determined the new champion,
but a re-check, which had' to be
carried to the third decimal point,
showed the runner-up had lost
actually by a single ear. Van Cleve
picked the most corn, 1,820 pounds
in all, but suffered deductions total¬
ing 202.4 pounds for gleanings
missed on the field and for excess
husks left on the ears. Michener
picked 1,785 pounds of corn but was
penalized only 167.5 pounds for
gleanings and husks. Van Cleve’s net
of 1,617.6 pounds at 70 pounds to
the bushel was 23.108. Muchener’s
net of 1,617.5 pounds was 23.107.
Thus, the difference between the
winner and loser was .001 of a
bushel.

Fourteen head of fat steers, ex¬
hibited by the Mount Joy, Lancaster
County, 4-H Baby Beef Club, tipping
the scales at 14,030 pounds, brought
a total of $1,728.80, an average price
of $12.71 per hundredweight, at
public auction last month. Fifteen
fat hogs, exhibited by the Mount Joy
4-H Pig Club, weighed 3,336 pounds
and sold for $428.17, an average of
$12.83 per hundredweight. f. y. o.

Protected Wild Plants

Here is the law relative to the
protection of certain plants, shrubs,
trees and vines in New York State.

Subdivision 2 of Section 1425 of
the Penal Law, as last amended by
Chapter 298 of the Laws of 1940,
effective September 1, 1940, contains
the following:

“2. Cuts down, girdles or other¬
wise injures or destroys, a fruit,
shade or ornamental tree standing
on the lands of another, or takes,
picks, plucks, severs, carries away,
removes, or injures, in a manner to
kill or cause to die, or destroys any
plant, shrub, tree or vine, or any
wild or cultivated trailing arbutus
(epigaea repens), lotus flower
(nelumbo lutea), flowering dogwood
(cornus florida) mountain laurel
(kalmia latifolia) or pink lady’s
slipper or any of the moccasin flowers
including cypripedium acaule, cypri-
pedium pubescens, cypripedium
parvifiorium, cypripedium regina or
either gentian crinata or gentian
andrewsia or ferns of any kind
growing on the lands of the people
of the State, or in any street, high¬
way, public place or park belonging
to or under the control of any county,
city, town or village; or wilfully
digs up, takes or carries away the
hart’s tongue fern (scolopendrium
vulgare) from any location in Onon¬
daga County or Madison County, or
wilfully picks, destroys, digs up,
takes or carries away the white lady’s

THINK THESE LITENTUF

EXTRAS ARE WELL

LITTLE MORE

WORTH THE

VON T YOU?

THEY COST.

LIGHTNESS?

passed most of the day just looking
at them. Cummington has a two-
day fair, one day devoted to oxen
and dairy cattle and the next to
horses. Cummington has an agri¬
cultural fair; so has Chatham. So
long as fairs stick to their agricult¬
ural exhibits they will be interesting
and educational.

Of course, there must be other
attractions, Fairgoers must be en¬
tertained, but a fair is a cattle show
up our way. The Columbia County
Fair at Chatham has been going 101
years and I believe Cummington just
had its 70-odd fair. There must be
something to anything that will exist
that long. c. l. R.

Wheat in Maine

I was_ much interested in the
article “Winter Wheat in Maine,” by
F. L. Pullen, which speaks well for
Maine soil. In 1837 this State pro¬
duced over one million bushels of
wheat, no reapers or combines at
that date. Some crop to harvest by
hand.

Mr. Pullen’s county in that year
raised 202,143 bushels and the town
of Dexter, 7,000 bushels; the town of
Exeter, 12,058 bushels. Somerset
County was in the lead with 239,332
bushels. The reports say that the
wheat was of excellent quality.

Winter wheat and winter rye are
valuable crops to raise. They get
busy in the Spring and begin to grow
without attention, leaving time for
the other pressing work which comes
on as Spring advances.

York County, Maine B. P. Emery

slipper (cypripedium candidum)
from any location in Genesee
County; or

“Section 2. Such chapter is here¬
by amended by adding a new sub¬
division at the end of subdivision
15 of such section, to be subdivision
15-a, to read as follows:

15-a. The conservation depart¬
ment and the state council of
parks, within their respective juris¬
diction, their several employees,
the state police and all peace officers,
are charged with the duty of enforc¬
ing subdivision two of this section.
Possession by any person of the
whole or part of a plant which sub¬
division two of this section is in¬
tended to protect, shall be pre¬
sumptive evidence that the same
was taken unlawfully by the
possessor.”

Interesting Coimtry Fair

Whenever I hear a person say that
country fairs have outlived their use¬
fulness it makes a lump come in my
throat, for since I was a little lad
and rode to the Chatham Fair every
Fall with father, mother and the rest
of the family, in the canopy top
wagon, drawn by our one horse, and
through dust that lay inches deep in
the road and covered the bushes
along the way, I have reckoned each
year on the opening of the Fair. Late
last month we drove over to
Cummington, Mass., chiefly to see
the scores of oxen.

In our locality it had been years
since I saw a yoke of oxen. But at
Cummington we saw plenty. There
must have been about 70 yoke of
these kind, strong animals and we

A View of Oxen and Grounds at the Cummington, Mass., Fair.

COMFORT?

FLEXIBILITY?

YES □
NO Q

YES G
NO Q

LONG WEAR?

YES O
NO Q

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(1) LIGHTNESS means you can work faster
and longer without getting tired. (2) COMFORT
means your feet feel fresher throughout a hard
day’s work. (3) FLEXIBILITY means there’s no
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Goodrick

RURAL NEW-YORKER

599

Farm Experience for Boys

(Continued from Page 595)
but I also learned how to adapt my¬
self to strange situations that I had
never encountered before. This I
prize above everything. A city boy
has little chance to show how he
can meet new difficulties, except in
school work. Farming gave me the
chance 'to show myself that I was
able to handle many new and
different jobs.”

“What suggestions,” we asked the
boys, “have you to make farm prac¬
tice more constructively helpful?”
Some regret the long hour’s and the
lack of time for reading and study.

One boy suggests, “Explanations
of crop-rotation, soil fertilization,
prevention and treatment of contagi¬
ous animal diseases, farm book¬
keeping, cooperative agencies and
distribution of goods produced,
would provide a broader farm edu¬
cation than a mere mechanical
knowledge of how to unload a wagon
of hay.”

A farmer cannot explain all these
operations at the time the work is
being done any more than a foot¬
ball coach can explain during a
game, but if he is a good coach he
will see that the boys understand
the game. The farmers in our com¬
munity are studying these criticisms
and are instituting a plan for group
meetings where the boys may ask
questions and where reasons for
farm practices can be explained and
discussed.

Morton’s father needed his efficient
help in his big New York City
restaurant, but Morton was interested
in agriculture. So his father sent him
to us for his farm practice. Morton
says, “An advantage of farm practice
is that the types of experience a boy
can get are almost unlimited. One
who has never worked on a farm
imagines that farming is only a
matter of knowing how to plant crops
and how to care for stock. There is,
however, much more to it than that.
Mechanical jobs, cementing, painting,
and carpentering are only a few of
the many things one must under¬
stand and do on a farm. So when
a boy works on a farm he gains a
wider field of experience than he
might if employed at any other job.”
Morton proved an excellent helper
for us, and his father, observing his
thorough interest in farming, pur¬
chased a farm, which Morton is now
working. He has completed his first
year in agriculture and will now
have a more vital interest in all his
three more years of college work
because he is accompanying theory
with actuality.

Nick Drahos, who for three suc¬
cessive years has won recognition
as All-American left tackle, wrote
us his estimate of Farm Practice.
^My Summers on the farm have re¬
built my body and mind and have
prepared them for the next year in
college. Summer work is very im¬
portant to me. It is an excellent way
of keeping my body in the best of
condition. Playing college football,
plus earning your way through
school and studying requires a body
and a mind that can take it the year
long. Every athlete who aspires to
play on a college football team should
be exercising continuously. He
should be building himself up in¬
stead of becoming soft, fat, awkard,
and slow during the summer months.
Every player should be in condition
to expend his full quota of energy
on every play of the game and to
come back fresh and strong for the
next play. A player is not fit until
he is able to do this, and condition¬
ing cannot be accomplished during
the time alloted for Fall and Spring
practices. Thi-ee-fourths of it must
be done during the time between
June and September. Pleixty of
fresh air, sleep, and work on the
farm has kept my body in tune.
This, plus the recreational, educa¬
tional and social facilities of the
farm community has pi’oved an all¬
round and full life during the
summer months* It has produced
condition which is the secret of
success in football.”

Farm experience has value what¬
ever the boy may do later. Boys
develop x-esourcefulness and re¬
sponsibility. No feature of our long
farm experience has given more
interest or satisfaction to our life
than the boys who have lived in our
home and are now scattered over
many countries but who still are
“our boys.” mrs. F. h. m.

New Yoi’k

With new STRENGTH from the SOIL!

IN THESE UNUSUAL TIMES we invite you to
inspect an unusual new car — new in its beauty,
its comfort, its ease of steering, gearshifting and
braking, its improved ride, its choice of two fine
90 horsepower engines, 6 cylinders or 8 — and
unusual in its manner of production.

The 1942 Ford has been designed to meet De¬
fense requirements by conserving critical Defense
commodities, yet it has actually gained strength
and beauty through the teamwork of Agriculture
and Research and the addition of new materials.
Some new materials have replaced old ones,
usually at a greater cost to us, but in every case the
new is equal to or better than the old.

For a partial picture of Agriculture’s part in Ford
production, consider these figures: For every
million Ford cars built, Ford uses from the Farm —
89,000,000 pounds of cotton, 500,000 bushels of
corn, 2,400,000 pounds of linseed oil, 2,500,000
gallons of molasses, 3,200,000 pounds of wool,
1,500,000 square feet of leather, 20,000 hogs,
3 50,000 pounds of mohair from 87,500 goats, and
over 2,000,000 pounds of soy bean oil, among
other things!

These Farm products play an increasing part in
making Ford now more than ever the quality car
in the low price field. For w hat it is today and what
it will be through the years ahead, see and drive
the 1942 Ford.

WE advertise only our top quality rubber boots
and overshoes. Because the best quality con¬
sumes the least rubber per mile of use. When you buy
top quality boots, whether ours or other makes, you
help conserve your own andy our country's resources.

U.S. ROYAL

BOOTS AND OVERSHOES

Longer Wearing because Tem¬
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makes possible lighter weight,
greater suppleness, with heavy
duty wear.

More Miles Per Dollar!

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BROOKS COMPANY 222 State St.. Marshall, Mich.

Forty Years a Country Preacher

By Rev. George B. Gilbert
The Pastoral Parson

THE book relates many of his unusual exper-
A iences during his years of work as a country
parson. It is the story of a man who has lived a
useful life and given a helpful hand to hundreds
of needy families — a mixture of humor, pathos
and tragedy. It is an unusual book and one that
will be enjoyed by all members of the family.

Price $2. 75 Postpaid
New York City residents addl% for Sales Tax
For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 West 30th Street New York City

600

Jht RURAL NEW-YORKER

The Rural New-Yorker

THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER
Established isso

I’nblish'd Bi-Weekly by the Knral PnblUhing; Co., Ine. 333 West 30tb St., New York

EDITORIAL AND EXECUTIVE STAFF

John J. Dillon, President.

William F. Berghold, Vice-President William A. O’Brien, Secretary.
William W. Higgins, Managing Editor
Clara Bell Woolwobtii, Woman and Home Editor
H. B. Tukky Russell W. Duck

T. B. Charles Mrs. E. T. Royle ,

SUBSCRIPTION RATES:

Fifty Cents a Year— Three Years for One Dollar
Single Copy Five Cents.

Foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.06.

Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter.

Advertising rates, $1.50 per agate line — 7 words. References required for
advertisers unknown to us ; and cash must accompany transient orders.

“A SQUARE DEAL”

A Real Service to the Horticultural
Industry

SOME things proceed with much shouting
and waving of flags and a fanfare of
trumpets, and amount to immeasurably less
than the quiet, modest, self-effacing work
which Dr. J. K. Shaw and his colleagues in
Massachusetts have been carrying on for 20
years in the nurseries of -Eastern United
States, and which has reduced misnamed
trees in the nursery to a near minimum. On
page 594, Dr. Shaw tells of the inception of
this work, and something of the results.

If there is anything which makes a fruit
man downright “mad,” it is to plant a lot
of fruit trees and have them come not true
to name. As for the nurseryman who sold
them, he feels just as badly about it, or worse,
many tales to the contrary notwithstanding.
The fruit man stands to lose his market fore¬
cast which he made when he selected a cer¬
tain variety for planting; the nurseyman finds
an irate customer who enjoys telling the
whole world 'about the misfortune, to the
discomfiture and loss of trade of the nursery¬
man.

Anyone who knows the nursery industry
knows that there will always be mistakes
as long as human beings are human beings,
but the chances of getting trees true to name
are much greater than they were a generation
ago. For this, Dr. Shaw and the reliable
nurserymen who have cooperated with him,
receive the congratulations and thanks of
fruit men and nurserymen alike.

Milk Plants Burn

THE farmer-owned and controlled inde¬
pendent milk plant at Cobleskill, N. Y.,
was completely destroyed by fire on October
27, with an estimated loss of $60,000. Five
neighboring fire departments worked des¬
perately to control the fire, but in vain. The
residence of the superintendent of the plant,
Walter G. Mosher, was also destroyed. This
was one of the most successful farm-owned
plants in the State. They plan to promptly
commence the construction of a new plant
which will no doubt be up-to-date in every
respect. 285 farmers deliver milk to this
plant. Their milk is being handled mean¬
while by two neighboring plants.

The Breakstone plant at Walton was also
destroyed by fire on the same day. The loss
on this plant is estimated at $100,000.

Better Meat Quality Needed

FOR many years, egg production has been
the goal towards which most poultry
breeders have been striving. Some breeders,
however, have been aiming at that ideal of
combining better meat type with high egg
production. *

Available cost records show that some
poultrymen, while attaining a high egg yield,
have fallen down on the sale of poultry meat.
In some cases this loss has been due to poor
marketing practices, and in others to poor
meat type birds.

Some of our breeds of poultry have been
developed to combine both reasonably high

egg production and meat value. If you have
hot already tackled this problem, here is a
worthy goal towards which to strive and here
are the points to keep in mind:

(1) Early maturity; (2) rapid and full
feathering; (3) fat stored at early age; (4)
plump breasted at all ages; (5) uniform size,
conformation and fatness at all stages of
growth; (6) a maximum per cent of edible
meat, and last but not least, (7) a well dressed
appearance. This includes the desired skin
color, smooth, obscure feather follicles, and
straight smooth keels.

The Vitamins in One Egg

THE Poultry and Egg National Board has
furnished the following information as to
the vitamins in one egg. Poultry producers
can well be proud of their products.

“Since the approximate requirement of man
for some of the more important essential
nutrients is known, let us consider what part
of this requirement is supplied by one egg
per day. The following table gives the
quantity of these nutrients contained in an
average egg and the approximate percentages

of the daily requirement that this quantity
supplies:

Protein — 6.7 grams . 10%

Calcium — 0.03 gram . 4%

Iron — 1.55 milligrams . 13%

Vitamin A — 200 to 800 I. U . 4 to 16%

Vitamin B1 — 20 to 40 I. U . 3 to 6%

Vitamin C . None

Riboflavin — 100 to 200 micrograms.... 3 to 7%
Nicotinic Acid about 760 micrograms. . . 3 to 4%
Vitamin D — 10 to 50 I. U . 3 to 12%

Thus, we see that a single egg supplies
from 3 to 16 per cent of the daily require¬
ments of all except one of the nine essential
nutrients that are most likely to be deficient
in the average human diet. The one exception
is Vitamin C which is readily supplied by
tomatoes and citrus fruits.”

'T* HE storage of fruits and vegetables by
freezing is becoming a large industry. It
was at first thought doubtful whether any
wide range of products could be handled in
this way, and the difficulty of retail distribu¬
tion seemed too great. But experience has
shown that the solid freezing does not ma¬
terially damage the edible quality of these
things, and practical freezers for grocery
store use have been developed on an economic
basis, so that the consumer can get a small
package in condition for quick use.

There are now in New York storages over
41,000,000 pounds of frozen fruits, 18,623,000
being cherries. Strawberries and raspberries
come next, the strawberries being specially
good. Frozen fruit stored in the entire
country amounts to 210,000,000 pounds, or
25 per cent more than a year ago.

In New York State there are 7,700,000
pounds of green peas, which appear specially
adapted to this method, although, stringbeans,
lima beans, asparagus and sweet corn are
handled in considerable volume. The national
total of frozen vegetables is 83,480,000 pounds,
New York stocks accounting for an eighth of
the amount.

THE Japanese Beetle was discovered in this
country at Riverton, N. J., about 25 years
ago, and quickly became a major pest, resist¬
ing all efforts of the government to stop its
spread. There is some evidence, however, that
it may eventually be brought under control
by parasites and disease.

A nematode parasite which attacks the
grub stage has been spread effectively. The
milky disease organism destroying the grubs,
is being tested with decided promise, and now
experiments are being made with a fungus
(Beauvaria bassiana) which causes death to
adult beetles in about a week after contact
with the spores. The beetles naturally keep
closely together, so that diseased ones infect
others quickly. The fungus spores work
through the soft portions of the body, attack¬
ing the interior organs.

On Long Island and in parts of Connecticut
there was a late -crop of beetles this year.
The first lot disappeared at the usual time,
and in about two weeks the others came on.
Whether this was an accident or will be a
regular new development remains to be seen.

November 15, 1941

u Seven Decades of Milk”

My copy of “Seven Decades of Milk” has just
arrived and a hasty perusal of several chapters
convinces me that besides being instructive, it
is also fascinating and interesting to learn some¬
thing about the racketeering methods employed
by the large distributors to put over some of
their schemes by which they have handcuffed
the milk farmer and the consumer. I hope that
a widespread distribution of the book will awaken
sufficient interest to start a crusade so that some
day the farmer will reap the full benefits of his
hard work and the consumer also will be bene¬
fited by receiving milk at a fair price rather than
a so-called milk with a fancy label at an ex¬
orbitant price. dr. k.

New York

Lately I have read with great interest “The
Seven Decades of Milk.” I congratulate you on
having written so interesting and instructive and
fine a book.

I am interested in this matter, having been
during the time I lived in Pennsylvania a mem¬
ber of the board of directors of the Interstate
Milk Producers Association.

New Jersey E. B. b.

A ^ J^cuo kja. agCj clilU, |JI clL. lILdliy lcdlllcQ

to read from The Rural New-Yorker. The first
thing I can remember reading outside of my
school books were the poems in The Rural New-
Yorker, which I read aloud to my grandmother,
and afterwards other pieces. It was quite some
time before I can remember reading any other
paper, and some of my family have been taking
it ever since.

I am enclosing $3 for the autographed copy of
“Seven Decades of Milk.” A b c

New York

Enclosed is my check of $3.00. Send to above
address one autographed copy of “Seven Decades
of Milk.”

ATIT°^11Happy Valley Farm at Branchville,
N. J. Milking 21 purebred Guernseys and young
stock coming on to make a 40 cow herd. Am a
great admirer of yours and have heard from
friends that “Seven Decades of Milk” is a very
great book. H. H- *

New Jersey

I am enclosing herewith a check for $3 and
would appreciate it if you would send me a copy
of “Seven Decades of Milk” by John J. Dillon.

1 w°ul<? ,be very haPPy to have the book auto¬
graphed by the author. c s

New York

Milk and Cream Supply

Receipts at the New York

August, 1941. -

State of origin Milk

New York . 2,091,514

New Jersey . 499,489

Pennsylvania . . . 369,941

Vermont . 166,298

Maryland . 22,376

Connecticut .... 15,381

Massachusetts . . 11,257

Indiana .

Ohio .

Wisconsin .

metropolitan area for

40-qt. Units - ,

Cream Condensed
95,010 51,973

3,425

9,861 4,007

7,236
504

3,331

2,320

210

Total, Aug., 1941.3,176,256 121,897 55,980

Total, Aug., 1940.3,087,502 113,607 52,215

New York furnished 65.8 per cent of the milk
and 77.9 per cent of the cream coming into the
city for all the mipnth of August, 1941. There is no
record of the milk and cream coming into the
State except these shipments direct to N. Y. City.

Brevities

Early November, and no frost yet in many
parts of the North.

Good authorities recommend planting seeds of
conifers in Fall which is nature’s way.

There were more than 10,000 registrations in
courses taught by correspondence at the Univer¬
sity of Wisconsin last year.

“O send out thy light and thy truth: let them
lead me; let them bring me into thy holy hill,
and to thy tabernacles.” Psa. 43:3.

Average prices received by farmers in this
country for September were: Hogs, $11.10; beef
cattle, $9.36; veal calves, $11.26; sheep, $5,25;
lambs, $9.84.

Our Cheddar cheese production for the first
nine months of this year was 542,400,000 pounds,
which is 48 per cent above the same period
average 1930-39.

Only 10 per cent of the commercial peanut
crop reaches consumers roasted in the shell. Most
of them go into peanut butter, salted peanuts
and peanut candy.

This year is the hundredth anniversary of the
importation of Peruvian guano into the United
States. It was largely used until about 1870, when
other materials took its place.

The National Grange meeting, at Worcester,
Mass., November 12-21, is the 75th annual ses¬
sion, well entiled to be called the “Diamond
Jubilee” of this useful organization.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Our Great Democracy

Part XII

EFORE the Civil War, agriculture was
our major industry. Animals, wind and
water were the source of industrial power.
Individuals and partnerships in the main
conducted trade. Contracts were respected.
The Constitution was revered. The sanctity of
an oath was respected. Private and public
morals were high.

After the close of the Civil War, the nation
turned to manufacturing, mining, oil refining,
railroad building, banking, insurance, com¬
merce and allied industries. Special corpora¬
tions were developed with a view to the de¬
velopment of each of these industries. The
steam engine, the internal combustion engine,
and the electric engine were perfected to
produce power. Commerce and trade became
special industries. Mechanical power made it
possible to produce utilities in factories that
were previously created by skilled craftsmen
in local communities. The saving banks, the
insurance companies and the corporation
stocks and bonds began to gather up the
savings of the people to finance the growing
corporations. When the manufacturers grew
strong they created trusts or monopolies to
avoid competition and to maintain prices. The
tariffs benefited them, not labor. The artisans
of the country hamlet and village lost their
trade to the factories. They closed their shops
and applied for work in the factories. In the
meantime, farmers who had previously fed the
local artisans and their families were obliged
to ship their products to the factory towns
and instead of going home as previously with
the consumer’s dollar in their pockets they were
obliged to ship to a middleman and accept
an average of 35 cents of the consumer’s dollar.

Corporations are sometimes described as
artificial persons. Corporations were created
by law. They had no spirit, no body, no soul.
They required shelter but neither food or cloth¬
ing. They had one very important function.
To succeed legitimately they had to deliver a
service or produce wealth. Another good
helpful promise was that they made employ¬
ment for the small savings of individuals. The
accumulations furnished capital for produc¬
tion in large quantities and cheaper than the
local craftsmen could produce. If the corpora¬
tions had devoted themselves to this worthy
purpose, gave labor its just share, gave
the small investor a fair income on his small
capital, and gave the consuming public justice,
the corporations would today be popular and
prosperous democratic institutions.

Management of the corporations in the main
did not follow that policy. It established the
rule that the wage should be the cost of
maintenance of labor and that they, the man¬
agement, fix that cost. It did not take into
consideration, illness, the care and education
of children, vacation, or provision for old age.
The management assumed that God in
His wisdom had placed the business
magnate over the destinies of workmen,
and so authorized, no one had a right to
question his acts or his purposes. This doc¬
trine was actually advanced in defense of
the misuse of labor, by men at the head of
corporations conducted solely for profit.

It is not the purpose in this discussion to
give a history of the development of corpo¬
rate behavior, successes or abuses. We can
only give enough of the highlights to show
their effect on our great democracy. There
have been corporations that, since their first
appearance, have done a legitimate business
and accomplish a worthy part in the economy
of America. No one wishes to disturb them.
But many corporations have accumulated
great wealth by abusing their privileges. In
the past they forced men and sometimes
women and children to work long hours in
unhealthful surroundings for little pay. They
have taken unfair advantage of those who
contributed small savings to their capital.
Corporations have been organized and are
operating today with a purpose of cheating
and swindling the public. The control of them
were and are today in the hands of men who
pass as respectable members of their
communities.

Corporations are not required to have any
real assets. Many of them are created for
the purpose of avoiding personal responsibility.

Some of them dispose of their real assets after
contracting obligations. In this way they are
able to cheat and often do cheat their creditors
while their officials who manage them may
have wealth aplenty.

In view of these studies, the greatest
danger of the corporations is their concen¬
tration of capital, power and influence. The
merit and boast of democracy is that individ¬
uals rule with equal opportunity and justice
for all. Through big corporations and inter¬
locking directors, the men who control cor¬
porations may and do create monopolies, con¬
trol public utilities, large public franchises, and
exploit the people. This is centralization at
its worst. It not only does a wrong to the
national welfare of the masses, it undermines
the very essence of democracy. It weakens
the resistance to central power and encourages
dictators and totalitarian control of govern¬
ment.

Humanity Reveals Itself

To The Rural New Yorker:

T HAVE been taking The Rural New-
* Yorker for many years and have gained
much valuable information from your paper.
I was born 87 years ago on what they now
call the Radford Powder Plant on New River,
about 10 miles down the river from Radford.
We owned 166 acres of fine trucking land in
the heart of that powder plant. I lived on
that farm nearly all of my life and planted
an apple orchard, a pear orchard and a cherry
orchard. There was one of the cherry trees
standing when I left that was four feet in di¬
ameter at the ground. I set that tree when I
was 15 years old. The tree is vigorous and
bears large crops of cherries when they don’t
get killed by frost. I have raised thousands
of bushels of strawberries and all kinds of
vegetables. I sure did hate to leave my old
homestead. I had a room of my own and stayed
in it until they tore the old house away to
make room for the plant. Then they tore the
roof off of my room and I stayed one night
without the roof. Then I bid farewell to
Strawberry Dale — that was the name of our
farm.

I deeded my son seven acres of fine
trucking land for a room and living. He owned
about 100 acres of good trucking land and
the developers allowed him $190 per acre.
So far as I am concerned, I am better con¬
tented than I thought I would be, over here
in Radford, six miles from my old home. I
dream of getting my bucket and going out to
milk the cows, and of plowing in the old
bottoms but they are covered with buildings
and railroads.

About 40 years ago I sent you a check for
$2 for some advice but you sent the money
back saying you did not charge anything fox-
advice so I knew then that you were an
honest man. It was a blessing to me. Your
editor’s page is worth the price of the paper.

I have a room now that is much nicer and
more convenient than the old home; but over
there I could go to the river and fish where
I have caught thousands of pounds of fish,
some up to 53 pounds each.

I am nearing the sunset Qf life. I try to be
content here and hope to find a better woi'ld
when this life is over. There I hope in due
time to meet all the staff of The Rural New-
Yorker, thei’e where sweet friendship dwells,
and where gunpowder is unknown.

East Radford, Va. W. D. Simpson

Electricity for Defense

'"P HE Delawai*e County Electric Association,
Inc. of Delawai-e County, New York, and
adjoining counties is composed entirely of
farmers who are working to obtain for them¬
selves electric sei-vice by cooperation, now
denied to them by the utilities serving their
section. The Rural Electrification Adminis¬
tration has examined the cooperative and has
alloted $270,000 for the pi'oject. This will
require 309 miles of line. They are preparing
also for a second construction of 200 miles
of line.

For five to ten year's, these farmers have
been demanding this sei'vice from the private
utilities without success. The necessity for
it at this time is urgent. Farmers are faced
with a serious shortage of farm labor. At the
same time, they are urged by the government

601

to increase production for defense. They are
anxious to put the electricity to work that
they may overcome the shortage of help and
contribute to defense needs. A petition is
being made to the New York State Public
Service Commission for a hearing to determine
whether the cooperative may work in Dela¬
ware County and neighboring counties. We
believe that the Public Service Commission
will look favorably on this project and ap¬
preciate the need from the standpoint of the
defense problem, as well as from the necessi¬
ties of farmers in this notable farm region.

What Farmers Say

BOOST SALE OF STATE PRODUCTS

Recently I hacl occasion to travel across New
York State and I am convinced that the farmers
are losing an opportunity to market and sell
their produce.

New Yorkers are complaining about surplus
mrlk arid yet in only one store in the State
could I find local cheese for sale. In one store in
the milk belt, I found Wisconsin butter adver¬
tised. In this line it is noteworthy that many
chain stores carry no New York butter or cheese.

As melons were ripe, I endeavored to pur¬
chase some local ones. In one instance I was
offered California melons.

From a hotel window I saw a flour mill and
tried to get some of the local product. I was
told that it was not carried, and a Minnesota
brand was offered instead. I could get Vermont
maple syrup but not New York.

Few stores carry the soups or canned goods
made in New York or the New York bacon and
hams. Yet the State product is equal or superior
to any other. New York State wines are of ex¬
cellent quality, but it easier to get California
wines than New York.

In Maine several years ago, I saw booths on
the main highways where many products were
exhibited and sold. In Pennsylvania, I was able
to procure local cheese along one of the main
highways. In New Jersey there are several
places where local milk can be procured. In
Vermont and New Hampshire maple syrup is to
be had everywhere. Why don’t the farmers of
New York emulate the example of these other
states and boost the sales of local products9

New York Ernest F. Griffin

I have certainly enjoyed The Rural New-
Yorker, most especially your fight on behalf of
the milk producers, a most unjust condition with
which I have had some experience myself as a
consumer. I wanted to buy raw milk from a fine,
sanitary farm near our home but Borden’s
hounded us and forced the town to outlaw every¬
thing but pasteurized milk, principally through
pressure on the local health board. This was
entirely unwarranted and unjust as most of the
people here wanted the raw milk; we all knew
the healthy sanitary conditions existing in
the dairy.

Of the four men sent to persuade me to take
their stuff, only one of them knew the salary
the Borden president received and none of them
could even break down the price of a quart of
milk. This all happened some few years ago
but I can see that things are no better now.
The big dealers’ game is a racket and I hope you
will keep up the fight for the farmers. Good
luck to you! mrs. c. h. w.

New Jersey

THE AMERICAN WAY

Your paper is the best farm paper that I have
ever had m my home. The cost of producing
farm products is going up by leaps and bounds.
This is particularly true of milk. The dealers
fix the price on what consumers buy. The same
dealers fix the price on the milk they buy from
the farmer. I would like to ask if this trick of
“heads up, dealers win,” ‘tails up, farmers lose,”
squares with the Constitutional provision saying
that no person shall be deprived of property
without due process of law. f e c

New York " * *

When on Labor Day I heard the voice of the
Governor of Indiana on the radio say: “The pro¬
duction of food is the first essential of existence
for all . and for any purpose or accomplishment,
good or evil, war or peace,” I knew he uttered
the self-evident fact that must be not ignored
longer by our law makers for their own existence
and for all of us. This is something not only to
think about but something to do as well. Pro¬
ducers have been dominated, persecuted and
suffered far too long by the unjust control of
farm production, especially of milk.

New York r. s. k.

I have read with interest Mr. John S. Hall’s
“Message to Farm Friends” in The Rural New-
Yorkers of September 20 and October 4.

We have a few small schools around here yet
and every once in awhile consolidation comes
up. So far it has been voted down, but we are
always on the lookout for the next try. g. p.

Long Island

May I note that I very much admire your
stand on the milk question and on the retention
of the local school. In my opinion the large
centralized school has become too closely asso¬
ciated with politics to function as it should. It
is all right in theory but in practice, there is
too much bunkum. f. t. b.

New Jersey

602

Iht RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th Street
New York City

Live Stock and Dairy

Delaware Experiment Station

By R. W. Duck

beans. A mineral
mixture of equal
parts ground lime¬
stone, bone meal
and salt was kept
before the pigs.
The pigs consumed comparatively
small amounts of soybeans, but did
make efficient gains. The average

The University
of Delaware Agri¬
cultural Experi¬
ment Station is lo¬
cated at Newark.

College towns all

have a distinctive, friendly, cheerful, and were more difficult to raise
restful attitude and atmosphere, so under the same system of manage-
we were glad to arrive at Newark ment. Prof. Tomhave attributes
after the long drive from Blacks- this as being primarily due to a percentage eaten was somewhat less
burg, Va. lack of green forage and to unfavor- than five per cent of their total con-

Th’is was my first visit to the able weather experienced during centrate ration.

Delaware Station, and I was pleas- the winter months. The fall pigs Tankage and shelled corn on rape
antly surprised on meeting Prof, required on the average 38 days forage required 379 lbs. total corn
A. E. Tomhave of the Animal In- more to reach 100 pounds liveweight and tankage per 100 lbs. gain, 360
dustry Department to find he is a than the spring pigs. From farrow- lbs. of this was corn and 19 lbs. was
brother of Secretary W. H. Tomhave ing to weaning, fall pigs required tankage. Poundage feed require-

36.99 pounds more concentrates
than spring pigs to produce 100
pounds gain. The average number
of spring pigs farrowed per sow was

of the American Aberdeen-Angus
Breeders’ Association. Secretary
Tomhave was formerly head of the
Animal Husbandry Department,

ments for the other groups were,
alfalfa forage, ground soybeans 16
and shelled corn 383; ground soy¬
beans, 9, tankage, 12 and corn, 361;

Pennsylvania State College, at the 6.78, the fall farrowing sows aver- on rape forage; ground soybeans, 23,
time I was on the A. H. faculty there, aged 7.47 pigs per sow. The average Ti ■ 1 1

In discussing various livestock number weaned per sow was 5.33
problems with Prof. Tomhave he for the spring pigs and 5.61 for the
called my attention to the fact that fall pigs.

considerably more spring pigs are
annually raised than fall farrowed
pigs, due probably to their being
easier to manage at farrowing time,
with less mortality and greater
efficiency and economy of gains.

Spring and Fall Pigs

In a test at the Delaware Station
relative to feed requirements of
spring and fall pigs the general con-

Soybean Supplement for Pigs

corn, 395. It will be observed the
alfalfa forage was slightly more
efficient in gains than rape. How¬
ever, the difference is negligible,
seasonable variations would prob¬
ably more than equalize this differ¬
ence. Cracked soybeans, 14 lbs.;
shelled corn, 379 lbs.; on rape forage,
produced 100 pounds of pork.

When ground soybeans and tank¬
age were mixed equal parts and
self-fed as a supplement to self-fed
shelled corn on rape forage, they

In discussing with Prof. Tomhave
the utilization of soybeans as a pro¬
tein supplement to corn for fatten¬
ing pigs on forage he spoke of the
fact that soybean acreage has great¬
ly increased in Delaware and also in
other sections of the South Atlantic
States. This increased acreage of a produced efficient gains. Pigs so fed
home grown feed containing 35 to did less rooting than those fed ground

or cracked soybeans as their sole
protein supplement. There appeared
to be no advantage in grinding the
cracked soybeans as compared to
feeding them in the cracked form.
While the total feed requirement
was slightly less in the tankage-corn
groups, the difference was too slight
to be of significance. Considering
the fact that tankage is an expen¬
sive purchased protein supplemental
feed and that the cracked soybeans
are the cull beans from seed thrash¬
ing, they can be used to advantage
as an economical source of home

Iff

grown protein.

Experiments conducted by Prof. A. E. Tomhave of the Delaware Station, Soybean Heal and Ground Soybeans
Newark, show that Fall farrowed pigs required 38 days more to reach 100
pounds live weight than Spring pigs. These crossbred Duroc- Jersey
Poland China shoats are being self-fed grain on good pasture. Prof.

Baker, in background, reported they are making satisfactory and

economical gains.

sideration was mentioned by Prof.
Tomhave that forage crops are avail¬
able in Delaware during approxi¬
mately eight months of the year.
Fall farrowed pigs can therefore
have access to green forage during
their suckling period. After wean¬
ing, however, they must be carried
entirely on concentrates. Spring
farrowed pigs can and should be
supplied ' with forage crops through¬
out the growing and fattening
periods.

The Delaware Station report shows
that the pigs used in this study were
produced in the College herd, with
Berkshires, Poland-Chinas and Du¬
roc- Jerseys represented in all groups.
In practically every instance the
fall pigs were farrowed by the same
sows that had farrowed the spring
group of pigs. The spring pigs were
farrowed during the month of March
and the fall pigs during September.
All the pigs were farrowed in a
community farrowing house. When
the pigs were between one and two
weeks old they were placed with
their dams in lots with rye forage
available. Colony hog houses afforded
shelter in these lots. The sows and
pigs were kept on rye forage until
the pigs were weaned. During the
nursing period the sows were fed a
ration composed of 400 lbs. corn
meal, 100 lbs. flour middlings, 50 lbs.
tankage, 5 lbs. salt, and 5 lbs. of
bone meal. As soon as the suckling
pigs were large enough to eat grain,
a mixture was kept available in a
pig creep. The grain mixture used
consisted of 500 lbs. corn meal, 400
lbs. flour middlings, 100 lbs. tankage,
10 lbs. salt, and 10 lbs. of bone meal.
A mineral mixture made up of equal
parts of bone meal, ground lime¬
stone and salt was kept available
for the cows and pigs at all times.

Based on the average of three
years’ tests, using a total of 150
spring pigs and 147 fall farrowed
pigs, it required 319.43 lbs. of feed
for the spring pigs, and 397.51 lbs.
feed for the fall pigs from the time
of their farrowing to a liveweight of
100 pounds. The fall pigs were less
thrifty, gained weight more slowly

40 per cent protein, makes it a

for Dairy Cattle

In a comparison of soybean meal
with peanut meal as a protein
supplement for dairy cattle by Prof.
Tomhave, the basal ration used was
a mixture consisting of 200 lbs.
pertinent subject relative to supple- yellow hominy; 200 lbs. wheat bran;
mental protein feeding . possibilities, and 5 lbs. of salt. During the peanut
The Delaware tests conducted by meal feeding periods the cows had
Prof. Tomhave involved four ex- lOO lbs. of peanut meal added to
periments using a total of 437 fatten- this mixture, while during the soy-
ing pigs. The average initial weight bean meal periods it required only
of these comparable feeder shoats 80 lbs. of soybean • meal to make a
was approximately 59 pounds per ration of comparable protein content,
head. Tests at other Stations, par- When ground soybeans were used they
ticularly those of Robison at Ohio, were fed pound for pound in place
have shown that pigs of heavier of the peanut meal.

weights have a higher utilization for
soybeans than lightweight shoats.
However, the comprehensive Dela¬
ware investigations clearly demon-

The results of this experiment show
ground soybeans to be almost equal
in feeding value to peanut meal.
When peanut meal is selling at $50

strate that either ground or cracked per ton, ground soybeans are worth
soybeans can form an economical $1.45 per bushel as a protein
and efficient source of supplemental supplemental dairy feed. Based on
protein concentrate for fattening pigs production feeding results obtained,
on forage, using shelled corn as the soybean meal had a monetary feed-

basal ration.

The pigs used in these experiments
were self-fed shelled corn and self-
fed tankage for the check lot. Other
groups were self-fed shelled corn

ing value of $58 per ton when pea¬
nut meal was valued at $50 per ton.
Alfalfa hay and corn silage were fed
as roughage throughout the four
feeding trials of these experiments.

and self-fed ground soybeans and The hay was fed at the standard

cracked soybeans. The cracked rate of 1 pound and silage 3 pounds

beans were those cracked during for each 100 pounds liveweight.

thrashing and which had been The cows gained 67.5 pounds per
screened from the regular run of head during the ground soybean

N., ' , ' ' * -

The breeding studies of Dr. Baker, Delaware Experiment Station, relative
to transmission of butterfat percentage by Holstein-Friesian sires indicates
that certain bloodlines carry factors for high butterfat percentage, while
other bloodlines tend to produce low butterfat percentage. These Holstein
cows are part of the dairy herd at the Delaware Station.

803

feeding periods; during the peanut
meal periods they gained 43.1
pounds per head. Prof. Tomhave
commented on the fact the cows
fed ground soybeans had glossier
coats and appeared thriftier than
when receiving peanut meal. The
cows fed soybean meal made larger
gains than those fed peanut meal.
The peanut meal fed cows produced
an average of about 2!4 per cent
more total milk. If soybeans are
home raised then the ground, cracked
or cull beans would seem to present
a suitable and low cost source of
protein supplement.

Breeding for Butterfat

In a study by T. A. Baker relative
to transmission of butterfat per¬
centage by Holstein-Friesian sires it
was concluded, from a survey of the
charts reviewed, that certain blood¬
lines carry factors for high butterfat
percentage to a much greater de¬
gree than others, and conversely,
there are certain bloodlines that
carry factors for low butterfat per¬
centage to a marked degree.

In discussing this problem with
Dr. Baker of the Delaware Station
staff he spoke regarding several
considerations pertaining to an
analysis of the Delaware Station
dairy herd. Among these was the
fact that the average butterfat pro¬
duction for the daughters of the
last two Holstein-Friesian sires used
in their herd was 35 per cent higher
than that of the foundation females.
While this is not a phenominal in¬
crease it shows satisfactory pro¬
gress, especially considering the fact
that some selection was used in ob¬
taining the foundation cows. Dr.
Baker attributed the success of the
last two sires in increasing butterfat
production as being largely due to
their carrying in their germ cells
comparatively high butterfat per¬
centage factors, and their ability to
transmit these desirable factors so
they could be demonstrated in the
production of their daughters.

It was interesting to note that 58
per cent of the present Holstein
females in the College herd trace
back to one cow named, Posch Rag

N. Y. Wholesale Markets

(Latest Available Prices)

MILK

The five other classes are manufactured
milk at prices as follows: 2-B, $2,384; 2-C,
$2.33; 3, $2.23; 4-A, $1,787; 4-B, $2,156.

Fluid sales for the whole month of
September 1941 amounted to 246.119,266
pounds and there was a total of 466,931,894
pounds in the administrator’s pool.

The retail price for fluid milk is 17 cents.

BUTTER

Premium marks, 35% to 37c; 90 to 92
score, 33(4 to 35(4c; unsalted, best, 37‘/2C.

EGGS

Premium marks, 43c; specials. 40c; stand¬
ards, 38 Vic; Pacific Coast, specials, 46 Vic;
standards, 44c; browns, 40 to 43 Vic.

LIVE POULTRY

Broilers should be full feathered. The
large breeds should weigh 2Vi to 3 pounds
each; smaller breeds, lVi pounds up. The
quotations given on broilers are for best
quality. Undergrades and small sizes pro¬
portionately lower.

Chickens, 20c; turkevs, 26c; ducks, 17c.

DRESSED POULTRY

Fowls, 18c; chickens, 28c; turkeys, 29Vic;
ducks, 18Vic; geese, 15c; squabs, 46c.

LIVESTOCK

Steers, $9.60; cows, $7.75; bulls, $9.50;
caives, $15; lambs, $12.25; hogs, $10.90.

FRUITS

Apples, bu., $1.75; pears, $1.50; grapes,
12-lb. bskt., $1.25; quinces, bu., $1.50;
cranberries, V* bbl., $3.50.

VEGETABLES

Stringbeans, bu., $3; brussels sprouts, qt.,
20c; cabbage, bkt., 75c; cauliflower, crate,
$2; horseradish, 5 lbs., $1; onions, 50 lbs.,
$1.60; peas, bu., $2.75; spinach, bu., $1;
squash, bu., $1; tomatoes, lug, $2.25; po¬
tatoes, 100 lbs., $1.85; sweet potatoes, bu.,
$1.25; rutabagas, 50 lbs., 80c; watercress,
bunch, 5c.

HAY AND STRAW

Hay, No. 1, $25;. No. 2, $24; No. 3, $21;
straw, rye, $23.

GRAIN

Wheat, No. 2, red, $1.23%; corn. No. 2,
89V4c; oats. No. 2, 59%c.

RETAIL PRICES AT NEW YORK

Butter, 48c; eggs, 45 to 65c; grapes, lb.
10c; apples, lb., 3c; peas, lb., 15c; string-
beans, lb., 15c.

Pennsylvania Markets

PHILADELPHIA

Butter. 40 Vic; eggs, 46c; live fowls, 21c;
chickens, 22c; dressed fowls, 24c; chickens,
26c: apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs.,
$1.75; tomatoes, %-bkt., 75c.

LANCASTER LIVESTOCK
Steers, $10.50; bulls, $11; cows,

calves, $15; sheep, $5; lambs, $12;

$11.25.

PITTSBURGH MARKETS
Butter, 36>/4c; eggs, 42c; hens,

chickens, 20c; potatoes, 100 lbs.,

apples, bu., $1.75.

PITTSBURGH LIVESTOCK
Steers, $12.50; bulls, $9.75; cows, $8;

calves, $15; sheep, $5; lambs, $12; hogs,

$10.50.

$8.50;

hogs,

21c;

$1.90;

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

Apple Rosewood. She has demon¬
strated her ability as a proven brood
matron through her seven daughters,
sired by three different bulls. This
family has produced a predominance
of heifers. Longevity is another
factor attained by this family, and
which is a needed requirement in
perpetuating and establishing a
family of note. The old cow lived
to be 13 years of age and was an
active and good producer and Re¬
producer up to the time she died.
Two of her daughters have exceeded
her age; her last daughter is still
in the herd. All her daughters were
uniformly good producers, they also
carried desirable dairy and breed
type, being high in dairy quality and
medium in size.

The sires used in the Delaware
Station herd are illustrative of a
good practicable plan suitable for
anyone handling an ordinary farm
dairy herd. Their sires were selected
from families which carried good
type and production with uniformity
throughout the family strain. In most
commercial herds the immediate
dam and her record plus the indi¬
viduality of the bull constitute the
only basis for selecting a herd sire.
The bulls selected for the Delaware
Station herd have demonstrated
their ability to sire daughters which
improved the average production
and type of the herd.

Selective butterfat percentage
breeding trials are now in progress
at several other experiment stations.
Their programs, as well as the re¬
sults so far attained at Delaware,
indicate that strains of registered
Holstein-Friesian are capable of
being developed with an average of
4 per cent or higher for butterfat.
This is also being accomplished in
most instances with little or no ob¬
servable inheritance decrease for
volume of milk production. Purity
of the germ cells for the desirable
character of high butterfat per¬
centage seems to be the determining
factor. Breeding results seem to
indicate that it is a separate charac¬
ter from that of the inheritance
factor or factors involved for high
milk volume production.

Boston Produce Markets

Butter, 37Vic; eggs, 44c; live fowls, 18c;
chickens, 20c; dressed fowls, 24c; chickens,
25c; apples, bu., $1.50; potatoes, 100 lbs.,
$1.85; wool, 45c.

Coming Farmer’s Meetings

Nov. 12-21. — National Grange,
Worcester, Mass.

Nov. 29 - Dec. 6. — International
Live Stock Exposition, Chicago, Ill.

Dec. 2-4. — N. J. State Horticult¬
ural Society, Haddon Hall, Atlantic
City, N. J.

Dec. 4-5. — Ohio Dairymen’s Asso¬
ciation, Tiffin, Ohio.

Dec. 11-12. — Connecticut Pomo-
logical Society, Hartford.

Jan. 7-9. — Massachusetts Fruit
Growers Meeting, Worcester.

Jan. 13-16. — N. Y. State Horti¬
cultural Society, Rochester; Eastern
meeting Jan. 28-30, Kingston.

| ABERDEEN-ANGUS ~,%T\

BOOKLET ON BREEDING & FEEDING

Ol Aberdeen-Angus beef cattle. Free on request. Apply
Maryland Aberdeen-Angus Breeders’ Association, Col¬
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A few top quality commercial yearling heifers ready
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cows and bred heifers. T. B. and blood tested. Priced
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calves at reasonable prices. Registered top notch
pedigrees. TOTEM FARM, M ERI DALE, NEW YORK

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salvage value of all milk breeds. Trial subscription
Milking Shorthorn Journal, six months, 50c, one
year $1.00. MILKING SHORTHORN SOCIETY,
Dept. F-3, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

HORSES and PONIES

C if r Grey mare 16.3 hands, seven
years old. by thoroughbred sire
out of half-bred mare. Top flight hunter and jumper.
A bold goer with excellent mouth. Also, black mare,
about 16 hands, well bred, very gentle and good
jumper. Horses can be seep anytime but owner is
at farm Saturdays and Sundays only.

DR. WILLIAM D. SHERWOOD
Jamestown Farm, - Fishkill, New York

FOR

REG. PERCHER0N

AUGUST NEILITZ, R.D.

mares in foal and colts
at work horse prices.

2. PINE CITY. N. Y.

“Fifteen (15) Of
My Best Cews Had

“Today — thanks to KO-EX-7 — they are all
sound and milking better than ever.” So
writes a New York State Dairyman 65 days
after he started using the KO-EX-7 plan. If
you too, are having Mastitis troubles, why
wait until you lose another good milker.
Many Dairymen eliminate such troubles by
using the approved KO-EX-7 Mastitis Con¬
trol Chart. It tells at a glance the “Degree”
or “Severity” of the trouble and it’s
ACCURACY IS GUARANTEED.

Best of all, though its cost value is $2.00 —
it’s mailed FREE OF CHARGE — to every
Dairyman who puts his herd in the KO-EX-7
“Safety Zone.” Isn’t that just what you
Have been looking for? If so, write for
details of our FREE OFFER today. Address
Sterling Research Corp. 775 Main St. Buffalo,
N. Y. and state number of cows.

BAG BALM

urui ke erf

D PCIIITC

SWINE

CHESTER WHITES

With the blood of grand champions, champions and
junior champions streaming down both sides. Now is
the time to buy young stock and improve your herd.
Two and three months pigs, both sexes, from large
litters, sired by Rainbow Lad $15.00 and up.
EUGENE K. DENTON, Farm: Flanders, New Jersey
Office: One West 57th St., New York

• YORKSHIRES*

The World’s Best Bacon Hog.

Write for Booklet and Prices.

W. E. REASONER & SONS,

R. F. D. 4, • Watertown, New York

Walter Lux, Tel. 0086, Woburn, Mass.

Pigs 6 to 7 wks. old $4.50 each. Good 8 wks. old $5.00
each. Chester Whites, Yorkshire and Chester Cross or
Berkshires and Chester Cross. All large type stock sold
as feeders or breeders. Will Bhip any number C.O.D.
or send check or money order. My guarantee if pigs do
not please you return them at my expense.

RUGGED PIGS! Chester Whites, Chester Berkshire,
Chester Yorkshire and Du roc crosses. 6 weeks $4.50.
8 weeks $4.75. 10 weeks $5.00. 12 weeks $6.00. Boars,
barrows and sows. Vaccination 50c extra if desired.
Send in your order now 1 of 100. No charge crating.
CARL ANDERSON, Virginia Road, Concord, Mass.

For Sale — SPRING PIGS

6 to 8 weeks old $4.50; 8 to 10 weeks $5.00 each. Will
ship C. O. D; F. O. B. Woburn, Mass.

JOHN J. SCANNELL, Russell St., WOBURN, MASS.

Hardy Range Grown Pigs

Chester, Chester- Yorkshire cross, also Chester-Hamp-
shire cross seven to eight weeks $4.55. Well bred
stock. Will ship C. O. D.

HENRY ANDERSON, R.F.D. Box 229, Maynard, Mass.

PUREBRED HAMPSHIRES

A few choice young boars for sale. Sired by Son of
Famous Smooth Clan. Also, a few Open Spring Gilts.
Write ALBERT B. ASHFORTH, MILLBR00K, N. Y.

Clean Vaccinated Pigs Sw*, oui tuS

to $7.00 each. Selected boars all ages and prices.

CHARLES E. GILES, BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS

REG. CHESTER WHITES “S*’.. SIZSX

MAPLE HEDGE FARMS, Kelton. Chester Co.. Penna.

RAISE REG. HEREFORD HOGS— Profitable, popular
new breed. Market meat type. Pigs, sows, boars.
Circular. Prices. Yalehurst Farm, Peoria, Illinois.

GUERNSEYS

A limited number of Pedigreed
Guernsey calves, also a few
heifers some fresh others coming
in from A.R. Dams with records
of from (TOO to 850 lbs. BF. Also
several young bulls from proven
Sires and Dams with outstanding
records. Priced reasonably. Ac¬
credited and Bangs Free Herd.

Write for Particulars.

BEAVERBROOK FARM
MILL NECK, LONG ISLAND

FROM ACCREDITED-NEGATIVE HERD

Good type Bull Calves with real pro¬
duction inheritance. “Green Meadow"
and “Langwater" bloodlines. Write to¬
day for extended pedigree and reason-
ble price.

BRIAN BORU FARM,

Box 50, Harlingen, New Jersey

Tarbell Farms Guernseys

360 HEAD — Accredited. Negative. Bulls — one month
to serviceable age, also a few young heifers. Reason¬
ably priced. By proved sires and out of high record
A.R. dams. Closely related to World’s Champion Jr.
4 ,vr. old. Pedigrees and full information on request.
Visitors always welcome.

TARBELL FARMS, SMITHVILLE FLATS, N. Y.

FOR SALE REG. GUERNSEY BULLS

ready for light service. From 600 butter dams. Also
a few heifer calves from two weeks to a year. And a
few cows. Price reasonable. Blood tested herd. For
price write.

LAKE DELAWARE FARMS. DELHI. NEW YORK

Two Guernsey Bulls *£& lbsen4T

mers prices. Send for photo of bulls and dam.

JAMES S. MORSE, LEVANNA, NEW YORK

AYRSHIRES

Fastest Growing Dairy Breed

Write for literature and names of breeders near yoo
With Mock for sale. AYRSHIRE BREEDERS’ ASS’N.
96 Center Street. Branden, Vermont

DEC nill? OfQ Spring Boars and Gilts. Fall pigs.

I\LiU.UUI\ULJ r. f. Pattington, Scipio Center, N. Y.

SHEEP

• SHROPSHIRE RAMS •

Registered yearlings and two year olds of good quality
for sale at reasonable prices. GEORGE C. SPRAGUE,
Dutch Hill Farm, Danby Four Corners, Vermont.

For Sale 50 registered Shropshire yearling and two
year old rams with size and quality guaranteed to
satisfy. VAN VLEET BROS. LODI, NEW YORK

Choice Reg. Shropshire Rams, yearlings and 2 year
olds. Priced right. Leroy C. Bower, Ludlowville. N. Y.

GOATS

TnirnunliAriT Milk does; bred; sold on approval.

AOggenDerg pony farm, himrod. n. y.

DOGS

Airedales — Stud Dogs, Brood Matrons, Paps

Will Ship C. O. D.

SHADY SIDE FARM. MADISON, NEW YORK

TOUREBRED COCKE K PEPS AND DOGS.

Non-Registered or REGISTERED. Reasonably
priced. -V. S. KENYON . MARCELLUS. NEW YORK

ST RFRNARTK Au breeds, details free!! Book:
dl. DLlilifinPj io4 photos, descriptions, recognized

breeds, 25e. Royal Kennels, No. 76, Chazy, N. Y.

GERMAN POLICE DOGS

$10. Broome Center Creamery. Gilboa, New York

FOR Q AT F Shepherd Pups, Heel Drivers,
* '—rrv urVLL, Watch Dogs, Companions.

MAUDE THOMAS, ADAMS CENTER, NEW YORK

Ped. Smooth Fox Terrier Pups

PEDIGREED AMERICAN PIT DOGS— Details free.
Write. DR. DUELL, JEFFERSON, NEW YORK

Rao Pnllioc — Ro-aoloc a11 a8es any color. Woodland
Reg. tomes -Deagies Farms, Hastings, New York

Great Dane Pups ffiSjuSoi., M’M

Shepherd Pups SZt ££££%*.

FERRETS

B C D D C T C for killing rats and other
* “ l\ b 1 w game; yearling females,

special ratter $4.00. Young males $3.00: females $3.50:
pair $6.00. W. A. PECK, NEW LONDON, OHIO

GUINEA PIGS

WinLwl English Cavles. send sex, size, price. Lucas
»T anieu Laboratory Supply, 1789 Third Ave., N. Y.

Big Sales at Small Cost

More than a quarter of a million farmers and breeders read each issue of The Rural New-
Yorker. They study the advertisements on this page when they are ready to buy livestock.
They know that they will probably find just what they want advertised here and that
they can depend upon any advertisement that appears in The Rural New-Yorker.

If you have any stock that you wish to dispose of at this time, it will pay you to tell our
300.000 readers about it. The cost of these little advertisements is small but big sales
frequently result from them.

In order to co-operate with breeders in the sale of their surplus stock we make a special
low rate of 65 cents per agate line, or $9.10 per inch, for livestock advertisements (about
seven words in small type make an agate line). References required from all new
advertisers. For further information write to —

Live Stock Department - The Rural New-Yorker

333 West 30th Street. New York City

604

Vhe RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

IT costs you money to be without an electric barn
ventilating system. You pay for a damp barn in
repair bills, in treatment of sick stock, in decreased
milk production and in loss of hay.

Plan now to investigate the Fairbanks-Goodman
fan-operated ventilating system. It’s low in cost and
economical to operate. Users estimate it costs no
more than 5c per head per month to keep a barn
tight and dry with this efficient system.

_ Ask your Rural Service Representative or write to our
rural service department for complete information.

OPERATING COMPANIES OF

NIAGARA ^||| HUDSON

WHEN-A-COW

the Vitamin ized-Minera/ned Tome Lacto

is with calf
off f eed . . .
off in milk yield

40# TRACE MINERALS ♦ ♦ )■ 3 /

tonics nux vomica, ginger, elecampane, elc,

% #,*T“ a i ilk i rv _ _

CONTAINS

# VITAMIN D ;VunsMnt viUmin' X VITAMIN

WHITMOYER LABORATORIES. Inc.
Box 7. IWYERSTOWN, PA.

Qfe*rca*uC t/te.
'WttZivnCn* StexZ

Preferred the world
over for its greater
speed, easeof han¬
dling, rugged,
lasting dura¬
bility.

StewarT cli pm aster

New anti-friction tension control assures perfect
tension between blades for cooler, lighter running —
faster, easier clipping. Makes blades stay sharp longer.
Exclusive Stewart design ball-bearing motor is air
cooled and entirely encased in the insulated EASY-
GRIP handle that Is barely two Inches In diameter.
Completely insulated — no ground wire required. The
fastest clipping, smoothest running, easiest-to-use cli pper
for cows, horses, dogs, mules, etc. A $25 value for $21.95
complete. 100-120 volts. Special voltages slightly higher.
At your dealer’s or send $1.00. Pay balance on arrival.
Send for FREE catalog of Stewart electric and hand-
power Clipping and Shearing machines. Made and
guaranteed by Chicago Flexible Shaft Company, Dept.
82, 5000 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois. 52 years
mating Quality products. *

SECTIONAL

STEEL GARAGES
Like Wood $158 AND UP

Shipped Anywhere
Easily Erected.

Steel Buildings lor All
Purooses

•

Write for Information.

John Cooper Co., 301 Second Sf., Hackensack, N. J.

9^2 Cords in 10 Hours/

ALONE you aaw down trees,
eto.. faster, easier than 4 men
with 2 crosscut saws. Folds up
like jackknife — easily carried.
Saves money, time, backaohes. Praised
by farmers since 1883. New low prices.
Write So r FREE catalog todayl

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO.. P 2744 W. 37th Place. Chicago

UNADILLA— ffie only

FOLDING PARTITION

Agents Wanted — Write

Here's what it does: keeps cows

froui stepping on neighbors’ udders ; makes
milking easier by folding up out of the way in
safe position — never in way when bedding or
cleaning stables; keeps cleaner — no iron pipe
to gather manure, to rust, or break off.

Here's how it works
— 'and ^

here's how
you Save

. . . reduces cow in¬
juries ; fits any stan¬
chion frame; fits in
low-ceiling barns;
saves work — easy to
install — no outside
help required; low
first cost.

-II

Folded'

Position

UNADILLA SILO CO.

Box C-19, Unadilla, N.Y.

Send me complete details about your new low-
priced folding cow Partition and stanchions.

Name...

Address

Live Stock and Dairy

Corn Stalks in Silo

I have some corn stalks which I
want to put in silo. How much
molasses and salt would you advise
using for each foot of silage? Silo is
14 feet in diameter. How much water
would you put with this? Will
molasses fed this way tend to taint
the milk? I had a little trouble
with molasses fed fresh last Winter.

Pennsylvania B. s. R.

Odors in milk are generally pro¬
duced from absorption of barn odors.
If the milk is removed from the
barn as soon as milked and strained
in a separate straining room or milk
house, free from barn odors, it will
seldom carry any foreign odor. This
is true for molasses, apples, cabbage
and other feeds often supposed to
cause off-odors. It is advisable to
feed both silage and hay only after
milking, as a preventive of off-odors.

If the dry corn stalks were
shredded and molasses mixed with an
equal volume of warm water and
then poured over the stalks it would
probably be a more economical and
better feed than if these dry and
mature stalks were ensiled. Molasses
so fed can be used, starting gradu¬
ally, up to three or four quarts per
head daily. The feeding of maximum
amounts of molasses is especially de¬
sirable this year, based on present
comparative feed prices. Pound for
pound molasses is worth only slightly
less than corn in terms of total di¬
gestible nutrients. With corn stalks
and poor quality hay it makes them
more palatable, with consequent
greater consumption. If fed to dry
cows, beef breeding cattle, idle
horses, or breeding ewes some pro¬
tein supplement should be fed. With
cattle about one pound of soybean oil
meal daily per head will meet their
minimum protein requirements.

Experimental evidence shows that
the removal of ears from the corn
plant before putting it in the silo is
not an economical practice. The
cost of total nutrients supplied per
acre is increased and their efficiency
lowered. Milk produced from corn
stalk silage compared with the entire
corn plant silage has been shown to
be approximately 11 to 14 per cent
less in volume per nutrient unit; the
cost is also greater per 100 pounds
of milk produced.

Molasses may be added to the corn
stalks to be ensiled if desired at
the rate of about three gallons per
ton of stalk silage. It is considered
better practice to provide salt as de¬
sired and keep it before all live¬
stock at all times, rather than adding
it to silage and forcing the livestock
to eat it, and perhaps getting too
much. Moisture content should be
about 70 per cent; with dry stalks it
will require considerable water, add¬
ing sufficient so it will pack well in
the silo. r. w. d.

Yield of Lespedeza

I have 10 acres of Lespedeza in
second year and a very good start.
It has been pastured all Summer by
five to six cows. The growth has
been so good I had to cut it once
in August. At that time it yielded
about eight tons good hay. What
would the approximate yield have
been if this field had not been
grazed, and the amount of roughage
ordinarily (in pounds) that would be
consumed by five cows, grazing a
field like this? They were put on this
field the first of May and will be
left until the last of October, and

have been on from sunrise to sun¬
down, having been put up nights.
The only other feed they have had
is some grain at milking time.

Accomac Co., Va. j. v. K.

Yields of Lespedeza hay from good
land often are surprisingly high.
Between two and three tons of hay
may be obtained per acre from best
land. It is probable the cows in
question consumed about 12 or 15
tons of hay equivalent for the green
Lespedeza. r. w. d.

Ration With Corn-and-Cob
Meal

I desire a 20 per cent dairy ration
with corn and cob ground up. We
also have oats and barley mixed. We
feed ensilage and corn stalks. What
per cent is the following mixture:
300 lbs. distiller’s grains, 300 lbs. soy
bean meal, 200 lbs. linseed meal, 20
lbs. bone meal, 20 lbs. salt, 20 lbs.
fine ground limestone, 1,100 lbs. oats
and barley? What per cent of
the above mixture if 200 lbs.
of gluten feed were added?

Onondaga County, N. Y. f. j. de l.

An economical and satisfactory 20
per cent concentrate mixture using
a maximum of corn-and-cob meal
would consist of: Corn-and-cob meal,
790 lbs.; linseed meal, 370 lbs.; wheat
bran, 500 lbs.; cottonseed meal, 320
lbs.; and salt, 20 lbs. Ground oats
and barley may be substituted pound
for pound in place of the corn-and-
cob meal. Such substitution would
slightly Increase the protein content
and would seem desirable consider¬
ing the roughage you are feeding.
You could make such substitution
up to say one-half the corn-and-cob
meal, or in ratio to the availability
of the feeds concerned.

The other mixture given by you
would be approximately 24 per cent
in protein content. The addition of
200 lbs. gluten would increase the
protein content between one and two
per cent. r. w. d.

Raising Calves

Is it possible to raise calves from
the start on powdered milk and oil
meal? If so, how much of each, and
how do I mix the two together?

New York c. p.

A calf should receive the first milk
(colostrum) and preferably be left
with the cow for 24 to 48 hours.
Powdered milk and oil meal would
not be suitable or desirable for feed¬
ing calves. Whole milk should be
used with gradual substitution of
skim for the first few weeks, plus a
good calf meal or pellets. Good calf
meals and pellets are sold commer¬
cially and are generally at lower
cost and more satisfactory than for
the average dairyman to purchase the
needed ingredients and then mix
them at home. Best quality mixed
hay should be used for calves. Keep
salt available for them, free choice
at all times. r. w. d.

Feed for Working Horses

Will you give me a formula to
mix horse feed? I have three horses,
also a hammer mill. I can grind the
feed if I know how to mix it.

Pennsylvania a. c. h.

A good mixed horse feed would
consist of ground oats 400 lbs.,
wheat bran 200 lbs., ground corn
300 lbs., linseed meal 100 lbs., salt
10 lbs. r. w. d.

Photo — Herman Foster, Bantam, Conn.

Filling the silos this Fall at Irving Moody’s farm m Morris, Connecticut.

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

605

nous)" "fk?s

eathet, there

e satisty'"*'
very

>« up in r«

ly Of C0W-fiS“'
v-«hich y°«u
ter. V»>en tblIS
nilk!

,e« York Says:

THIRST

HEALTH

alth

wuc!

-AL\VtNtSS"

p/iU-BElNG

OUCING Dlt«

Notes From a Hillside Farm

While the season, as a whole, has
been very dry, this locality has re¬
ceived showers frequently enough
so that crops have done well. De¬
spite the showers the soil water is
very low, lakes and streams away
below normal and wells extremely
low or already dry. The fact that
the soil beneath the snow last
Winter was not frozen in most places
and so could absorb most of the
water from the melting snow in the
Spring has saved us from worse
water shortage. We need two or
three soaking rains to fill the soil
with moisture before Winter sets in.

Hay was nearly as good as last
year, a few farms even getting a
larger crop than usual. On some
sandy land the crop was short. Corn
generally made good growth and
furnishes silage to help replace
the hay that we lack. Locally the
potato yield is light and many
rotted. The apple crop is not as large
as last year but the fruit averages
larger in size with fewer culls. The
fruit matured two to three weeks
earlier than last season.

We had light frosts on low land
late in August, but very little damage
was done. About the middle of
September we had frosts that killed
corn and other tender crops nearly
everywhere. The combination of
late Spring and early Fall frosts to¬
gether with drought has made it
pretty hard to grow gardens. There
were very few first class gardens in
this section this season.

We have a continual fight against
witch or quack grass. All of our land
that is dry enough to plow is infested
with the pest. This past Summer
we tried a treatment that is new
to us. On sod land that we plan to
plow for coi'n and potatoes next year
we gave the sod a thorough disking
at intervals of about two weeks,
hitching the harrow behind a one
and a half ton ti'uck. With a good
weight on the harrow we covered the
ground rapidly. On the old sod
most of the witch grass roots are
in the two top inches of soil and
it looks as if they were being pretty
well dried out and killed. Next year
will tell the story of success or
failure but if it is successful it will
be the least expensive of any method
that we have tried that would do
the trick. We know that some weed
seed is germinating and being killed
so there will not be so many weeds
to fight next year.

Each year more farmers are apply¬
ing ground limestone and super¬
phosphate to their pastures and to
some extent to their hay land. Most
of these old pastures and fields have
been grazed or cropped for a hundred
years or more and badly need lime
and phosphorous.

Mills using lumber are offering
prices 10 to 20 per cent higher than
was paid a year ago and in most
cases are taking lumber of poorer
quality. The difficulty is to find
woodsmen to handle the lumber.

Maine h. l. s.

Fattening Hogs in Virginia

It is a great saving of feed to give
the pig, along with corn, some other
feeds which will supply the desired
amount of protein in which corn is
deficient. The feeds most commonly
used are tankage, fish meal, alfalfa
meal and milk. Green feeds such
as grass, cabbage, etc. promote rapid
growth and save corn. In fattening
hogs this Fall and early Winter con¬
siderable high-priced corn can be
saved by supplementing the usual
corn allowance with a mixture of
equal parts of cottonseed meal and
tankage or fishmeal to about one
part by weight to six parts of corn.

Corn, peanuts, soybeans, cowpeas,
or other legumes, when fed together
in proper proportions, produce more
and better pork than when the same
feeds in the same quantities are fed
separately, or one at a time. Most
any kind of green feed you can get
will save corn this Fall in fattening
hogs.

Corn is deficient in certain miner¬
als needed by livestock for growth.
Common salt is absolutely necessary
for hogs as well as for other live¬
stock, but in a somewhat smaller
quantity. I find it to be an excellent
practice to keep before the hogs the
following mixture where they can
get at it anytime desired: Wood
ashes, lime,' common salt, linseed
meal or cottonseed meal. w. h. h.

Prince George County, Virginia

could order her own feed**

NATURE would guide her to a
well-balanced diet that would
satisfy her many feed requirements!
But when a cow is confined to the
barn, she can eat only what you
give her! Consequently, if your
winter feed fails to supply her needs,
costly health and production break¬
downs may occur.

Tests show that lack of some miner¬
als in the diet is often the cause of
these breakdowns. Near’s DIJEX-
TONE is no “cure-all” but it does
help in combating this condition be¬
cause it supplies certain vital minerals
in a form that is readily assimilated

by the cow’s digestive system. And,
in addition, Near’s DIJEX-TONE
contains certain appetizers and diges¬
tive tonic aids to help give your
cows a boost.

Don’t wait until winter feed deficien¬
cies begin to impair the health and
production of your herd. Good care
now will pay tenfold. Near’s DIJEX-
TONE year after year is used by
thousands of dairymen who add it
to the feed as A DIGESTIVE
TONIC AID AND MINERAL
SUPPLEMENT. Start now before
trouble may begin.

NEAR’S

DiJeX'Tone

A DIGESTIVE TONIC AID AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT

to Dairymen

Tell us how many head in your
herd and we’ll send FREE —

5 Mastitis (Garget) Testers
and booklet “Keeping your
Livestock Healthy and
Productive.”

! NEAR’S FOOD CO., INC.

■ DEPT. D, Binghamton, N. Y.

k : n

JMTa
W ■ A

V L.

I own a dairy of . (give number) Milch

Cows and . Dry and Young Stock. Send

me FREE Mastitis Testers and literature.

Name

YOUR OPPORTUNITY

IS HERE!

I ODAY’S market conditions are the most
favorable for dairymen in years. Make
the most of them — put more profits in
your pocket with a planned program that
will keep your herd in top production the
year ’round. Send today for the new free
revised TI-O-GA Dairy Manual ... it will
help you cash in on today’s opportunity. It
includes the program you need — the
TI-O-GA 12 month feeding program and
the famous Barn Feeding Chart showing
you how to get the most profit from your
roughage this winter.

Write TIOGA MILLS INC.
uYRr D-1141 6. Broad St., Waverly, N.

Prices arc up! Demand is up! Feed
accurately and send your profits up.

SEND for new
FREE BOOKLET

Shows How To Cosh
In on Today’s High
Market Prices

This is the year to buy QUALITY. In silos that
means buy GRANGE. GRANGE'S superior con¬
struction is known to be nine ways better than
ordinary silo construction. With Grange you will fill and remove
silage faster and easier; get more storage space for your
money, too. Order your GRANGE now before prices soar.
Write today for our immediate delivery plan.

your free booklets
and "Grange Silos.”

Please send me
on “Grass Silage'

NAME.

ADDRESS

Insists Grange Quality

Concrete, Metal, Wood & Tile Silos

'.M* * -

Tear out coupon today
and mail for helpful

FREE BOOKLETS

I"""""™""*

5 GRANGE SILO CO.

Safi

5 Dept. C- ft, RED CREEK. N.Y.

606

fht RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

tNJOf

S O FT

WATE R

from every faucet

PERMUTIT

HOME WATER CONDITIONER

Works like magic — Instantly
makes water soft, clear, iron-free
— gives amazingly richer suds —
new luxury for bath, shampoo.
New ease in housework too —
whiter washes, cleaner dishes.

Big Savings — Permutit cuts
plumbing repairs, soap and fuel
costs — pays for itself in a few

months.Treatyour- _

self to soft water .

now! Easy terms. to you we will
FREE— Mail coupon for mail analysis

booklet or analysis. of .resent

{ THE PERMUTIT CO., -

| Dept.RN4,330W.42dSt.,NewYork,N.Y.

□ Please send me free Permutit' booklet.
Also have dealer supply free mailing
carton for water sample.

Name _

Address _

City _ _

County _ State _

♦Trademark Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.

Without cost
to you we will
nail analysis
of present
water hardness.

Water supply troubles can often be
remedied by simple repair or replace¬
ment of well equipment. If your well,
pump or water system (regardless of
make) needs attention, consult a Myers
dealer. Experienced in water supply
problems, he offers you dependable
advice and service.
Name of nearest
Myers dealer and
catalog on request.

THE F. E. MYERS &
BRO. CO.. 842 Church
St., Ashland, Ohio.

FRIENDLY

TIP

Be on guard
against win¬
ter freeze-
ups and save
money!

18WS-1

MYERS

PUMPS AND WATER SYSTEMS
FOR DEEP AND SHALLOW WELLS

Do You Know
This Woman?

We want to get in touch with a
capable woman who lives in a
rural section in Pennsylvania
and enjoys a wide acquaintance
in her community. One who has
been active in church work,
Grange activities or similar
movements preferred. To such a
woman we offer an opportunity
to earn a weekly income during
her spare time. She will find the
work pleasant and congenial.
Her earnings will depend upon
her ability. No investment of
any kind is required. If you feel
that you meet the requirements,
and wish to increase your in¬
come, write promptly to —

Business Women, Care The
Rural New-Yorker,

333 West 30th St., New York, N. Y.

Brown are the hills with the harvest done; bleached are the meadows
pale as cream;

Thin brooks quaver among the stones; late leaves drift on a languid
stream;

Stacked was the silage long ago, and the yellow corn is safe in the bin;

Pumpkins nest in the stubble heaps; distant sawmills whine and din;

Horses amble across a field, straw in the wagon a high, light mound,

And the clump of hooves on the frozen sod fills the air with a homing
sound.

I. D. Freneau

A Real Thanksgiving

For the Boys in Camp

Thanksgiving this year, whether
you celebrate it on the 20th or on
the 27th, should have a deeper mean¬
ing than ever for Americans. Our
homes are safe, the sound of an
airplane overhead brings no fear and
we are free to go about our business
in a normal way. What few adjust¬
ments we have made or may be
called on to make during the Winter
will bring no real hardships and
most farm homes — with well filled
barns and cellars — could be entirely
self-sustaining, if necessary. If some
homes are missing the boys who are
in camp, you can be thankful in
knowing that they are well-fed and
well cared for. c. b. w.

Needlework Competition

Last week I had my initiation as
a judge in a needlework exhibit and
competition and it was an interest¬
ing experience. Every year the
women employees of the Clark
Thread Company and some of their
friends have a chance to show what
they can do in needlecraft of every
sort and this year’s display at the
Newark, N. J. plant showed some
excellent work in the different di¬
visions. I was told that the exhibit
was not quite as large as usual due
to the fact that so many people are
using their skill in the many war
activities. Each plant has its local
contest and then the winners com¬
pete in the finals for all the plants.

c. b. w.

Red Cross Neighborliness

“Know your neighbor” is the first
part of a slogan of an up-and-coming
Red Cross Chapter in New Jersey.
“Know your neighbor and you will
know your nation.” It was devised
by a clever member in an effort to
increase the number of Red Cross
workers in her town. The originator
tested it out herself in her own
neighborhood. She went to see people
who had been her neighbors for
years, but whom she’d never known.
In a very short time she had a new
group started, and in a few weeks
21 new groups were organized in
the same way! There seems to be
everything to gain and nothing to
lose in being neighborly at a time
like this.

A woman who lives near us told
me recently that every week she
sends a box of food to her son who
is stationed at an army camp in
Florida. I asked her what foods are
best to send on this long journey
and if they arrived in good con¬
dition. “Each article sent must be
well wrapped in heavy waxed
paper,” she said. If several things,
such as a cake or two and a batch
of cookies are being sent in one
box, pack together tightly so they
won’t be shaken about. My boy
likes best the moist cakes such as
spice or applesauce, since they keep
fresh a long time.

Canteen Cookies. — Blend y2 cup
shortening, % teaspoon salt, and 1
cup brown sugar well packed. Add
2 unbeaten eggs and stir vigorously.
Sift 2 cups flour with 1 teaspoon
baking powder, and 14 teaspoon soda.
Add to creamed mixture. Add y2 cup
chipped bittersweet chocolate, y2 cup
broken nutmeats, and a teaspoon
vanilla. Drop fi’om teaspoon onto
cookie sheet, and bake at 375 degrees.

Butterscotch Date Sticks. — Melt
14 cup butter, add to it 1 cup
brown sugar, well packed. Blend
well, cool until lukewarm. Add 1 un¬
beaten egg to mixture, and beat
thoroughly. Mix 1 cup sifted flour,
li teaspoon salt, 1 teaspoon baking
powder. Add to sugar mixture. Add

cup broken nutmeats, and a tea¬
spoon vanilla. Lastly stir in y2 cup
dates which have been cut in small
pieces. Spread this mixture in a
shallow cake pan, and bake at 350
degrees. Cut in oblongs.

Brown Sugar Meringue Spice
Cake. — Cream together y> cup
shortening, 1 cup brown sugar, 1
teaspoon cinnamon, y2 teaspoon soda,
and y2 teaspoon each of nutmeg,
cloves and vanilla. Beat together 1
egg white and 2 egg yolks, and add
to the creamed mixture. Add 1%
cups of flour sifted with 1 y2 tea¬
spoons baking powder alternately
with y2 cup buttermilk. Blend all
together. Pour into cake pan, then
over the top spread the following
meringue: Beat the remaining egg
white, adding to it a half cup brown
sugar and beat until stiff. Spread on
cake and sprinkle with a half cup
slivered nutmeats. Bake at 350 de¬
grees. MRS. a. w. P.

This is an easily arranged Thanksgiving buffet table. Write us for free

directions for making the setting.

This Home-Mixed

Syrup Relieves
Coughs Quickly

Needs No Cooking. Saves Money.

The surprise of your life is waiting
for you, in your own kitchen, when it
comes to the relief of coughs due to
colds. In just a moment, you can mix
a cough syrup that gives you about four
times as much for your money, and is
amazing for quick results.

Make a syrup by stirring 2 cups of
granulated sugar and one cup of water
a few moments, until dissolved. No
cooking needed — it’s no trouble at all.
Then put 2% ounces of Pinex (obtained
from any druggist) into a pint bottle.
Add your syrup, and you have a full
pint of really wonderful cough medicine.
It never spoils, lasts a family a long
time, and children love it.

This home mixture takes right hold of
a cough in a way that means business.
It loosens the phlegm, soothes the irri¬
tated membranes, and quickly eases
soreness and difficult beathing.’ You'll
say it’s astounding in its action.

. Pines is a _ special compound of proven
ingredients, in concentrated form, well
known for prompt action in coughs and
bronchial _ irritations. Money refunded
if it doesn’t please you in every way.

hand crocheted babies bootee, cans, or
sacques we are interested in buying such articles. Write

van Wagenen Sager Inc., (Since 1883), Syracuse, N.Y.

YARNS

Rug & Knitting. Free Samples; directions.
Burlap patterns for Rug Yarns. Lowest
prices. Bartlett Tarn Milia. Boa 7, llarmoiiy.M K .

T Anri

colors. New Style Flash. H6 New Models. Free

Write -Wool Trading Co. 361 Grand &t.
Dept. C- 11, -New York City

PATTERN BOOK

The American Fashion Front, with all its
originality and color, is covered by our
1941-42 pattern book. Order your copy
today, and plan the most attractive Fall
and Winter wardrobe you’ve ever owned!
You’ll start off by reading the expert ad¬
vice on planning a new wardrobe. Then
yott’ll use the Free Gloves and Belt Pattern
thafs all ready to cut out! Next, if you’re
an average young American woman, you’ll
make up a few of the military-trim tailoreds.
And if you’re a college girl, you’ll be in¬
terested in our gay on-and-off campus
clothes. Budgeteer frocks that really slim
and practical styles for “small fry” — gift-
list ideas — an accessory scrapbook — and war
relief sewing complete this wonderful book
of easy-to-make fashion! Price of the book
is 15 cents; a book and a pattern together.
25 cents.

Iht RURAL. NEW-YORKER

607

Plant Now for Easter Blooming

Perhaps you would like to show
your readers how narcissus bulbs
planted now will astonish everybody
including themselves, on Easter
morning.

The trick is of course to have two
sets of boxes, if you possibly can;
such simple ones as shown can be
made by most any husband or high
school boy taking woodwork. After
planting 25 large double-nosed
Lawrence Koester narcissus bulbs in
each window box, I put them in the
dry, cool cellar and cover them
with newspapers until after

habit. Those are green laurel sprigs
brought in from the woods for deco¬
ration, and for protection against
high winds. Stuck into the earth
around the narcissus, they remain
attractively green and a firm support.

I did the narcissus because of last
Fall’s tulip shortage; having done
the narcissus I know I can do daffo¬
dils also, which at many windows
would seem brighter and more
likable. Arid the advantage to both
narcissus and ‘daffies” is that after
blooming they can be tucked in the
ground where for years they will

Christmas. When the pale yellow
sprouts begin tapping on the news¬
paper for air and light I removed
them, but still did not let the sprouts
see sun or light until Washington’s
Birthday. After that, frequent
trips between the cellar and the
calendar brought the “babies” into
gradual light and eventual care¬
fully planned bloom exactly on
Easter morning.

People driving by stopped to ad¬
mire; two cars drove in to ask
“How?” and “why?” and one city
man asked “how much the lilies
were a dozen.”

You will note the stocky green
growth at the base of the narcissus,
which as you know are of stalky

continue to be a bright spot in the
garden. Or, you can dry them out
and plant them over again next
year.

The reason I say “have two sets
of boxes” is that while this set is
in the cellar, you can fill the other
set with evergreen boughs firmly
packed, which, the moment a good
freeze comes will “set” for a couple
of months; at Christmas we usually
have a thaw and you can replace
these boughs with new ones, adding
red Christmas berries, pine cones,
and even decorations like red
Christmas tree balls, and tucking in
colored lights for evening.

And do have “Spring at your
window sill.” l. g.

The Pinfeather Problem

At last, after years of preparing
poultry for roasting in a hit-or-miss
fashion at the last moment, I have
made a Vanity Bag and now can
turn out a well-dressed bird very
quickly. The bag was a well washed
and bleached small sugar bag with
a hem and double drawstring at the
top. Into this went a cheap thimble,
a heavy darning needle with eye
large enough, a ball of white string
collected from grocery packages
throughout the year, a pair of
tweezers for extracting pinfeathers,
and a vegetable, or small hand, brush.

The tweezers make pinfeathering
even a large turkey an easy job.
The only trick is to keep the tips
clean and dry by frequent wiping,
otherwise they will not grip securely.
Soap and water scrubbing with the
brush makes a skin you love to eat.
With the thimble at hand, I no
longer have to run upstairs and
rummage the sewing box with greasy
fingers, or take the big needle from
the spool of button thread.

Similar bags made of percale,
gingham, or oilcloth would make
nice gifts and be appreciated not
only at holiday time but whenever
poultry was being served. Stick the
needle in blotting paper to prevent
rusting, and, if you grow herbs in
your garden, a few packets for
seasoning the dressing would be a
thoughtful addition to the Vanity
Bag. e. i. h.

Garden Hint

Cut back the tall stalks of per¬
ennial gallardias so as not to over
tax the strength of the plant; then
new growth will begin and will
stay green all Winter and below will
be ready to shoot up tall in early
Spring. Result — more and larger
blossoms (stronger plants). Because
they stay green, folks don’t think to
cut down the tall growth, and the
winter wind shakes the plant and
loosens the roots in the soil or breaks
the crowns, thus many plants die.

j. w.

Handicrafters - Gardeners

“I would like to exchange quilt
patches for postcards with churches
on. I am 26.” miss e. d.

New York

“I am interested in exchanging
stamps with other collectors. I pass
many hours with needlepoint, and
would appreciate receiving patterns
of cross stitch designs which I often
find adaptable to needlepoint.”

New York mrs. a. j. s.

“I shall appreciate letters from
northern winter woods wanderers
who make either glass bowl or
platter gardens, or collect fungi.”

New Hampshire miss c. m.

“I would like to contact people
from the West Coast. My hobbies are
cooking, economy, stamp collecting,
scrap books and rug making.” ^
Maine mrs. l. e. d.

“I am a young woman and I would
like to exchange tatting, crochet and
quilt patterns.” miss e. b.

New York

Apple Puffs. — One cup sifted flour,

1 egg, % cup milk, Vs teaspoon salt,
3 finely chopped apples, 1 teaspoon
baking powder. Add half the milk to
% cup flour and salt; drop in egg,
beat hard, and add remainder of
milk and baking powder sifted with
remaining flour. Add finely chopped
apples, mix well and drop by spoon¬
fuls into hot deep fat. Fry to golden
brown, drain on brown paper.
Dredge generously with powdered
sugar and dust lightly with cinnamon.
Serve with a cream sauce made by
creaming !4 pound butter until light,
add 1 cup powdered sugar and beat
until smooth. Add 1 whole egg;
beat hard; pour in V\ cup cream and

2 teaspoons lemon juice gradually.
Blend well.

Can any reader supply the recipe
for Devonshire Sweetmeat?

These are t|ours...free !

THESE FINE PREMIUMS— AND MANY OTHERS— ARE YOURS IF YOU
SAVE PILLSBURY THRIFT STARS!

• You’ll find thrift STARS in every
bag of Pillsbury’s Best Flour (they
come with other Pillsbury products,
too). You can exchange these thrift
stars for many, many things you’ve
wanted. Some are shown here— others
are listed in the recipe folder in your
Pillsbury’s Best bag. Begin now to
save thrift stars . . . use the Self-
Starter 4-Star Coupon below !

Use Enriched PIILSBURY’S BEST
It’s BAKE-PROVED to protect your baking!

m ChHsttnas..;«f 4 c00K\l$

rROSUt) CH*

----- .rssrt

““now Sicu Sot- ^w av s' ^^"h^ui-6 "during Sing,

L yanUlo; beat well. 4. the 8. When cold . ^ different

s; mix well- (NoW*f pUlsbury’s Best sugar t iouS extracts,

velvety smoothness ot ^ appettf- 11 and flavored wtt uized sugar,
imistahable »gi»< texture you U with ^f^^Jeryday baking-

color and smooth ^ oZS.) un- P holiday baking, wholesome bread,

» &£. Be,, u j~-»

v _ —

cured). (Shape . —

lpii

. . . .

. ' ■?.; : :*•
r - V

-V,. : Ac* >-••••' .V- .. -5

S ■ >

iL ■" '■ ’

v-"" ;

** r j£S

. ■ : *J

•' ••*• -i:'***

THIS IS SELF-STARTER THRIFT STAR COUPON. SAVE IT!

This coupon is good for 4 Thrift Stars, when accompanied by at least 4 Stars from Pills¬
bury’s Best Flour or other Pillsbury products. Only one Self-Starter Coupon may be applied
toward each premium, and the coupon may be applied only under the same conditions as
apply to Thrift Stars. Start saving Thrift Stars now. Write Pillsbury Flour Mills Co., Dept.
N23, Minneapolis, Minn., for Thrift Star Booklet, which shows and describes all premiums.

YOU,TOO,c<7/>
BANK BY MAIL

Thousands of sav¬
ers, everywhere,
bank with us regularly. Join
them ! Enjoy insured protec¬
tion for your savings; interest
compounded semi - annually;
-many other advantages. Mail
coupon below for FREE book¬
let with full details of easy,
safe Bank by Mail plan.

MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY

CITY IF COUNTY SAVINGS" BANK """"""
100 STATE STREET, ALBANY. N. Y. B
Please mail free booklet about your bank
and easy, safe banking by mail plan.

J^ame . .

Address
City .

State.

MANY USES FOR FARM & HOME
Ask for Quart
and 7 -Pound,

Economy
Sizes

ISKATII

UfANP

Jk Mflhb

If not at dealer’s, write for FREE SAMPLE.
THE SKAT COMPANY, HARTFORD, CONN.

REMOVES
GREASE
AND GRIME
FASTER

JoRehevt MA

Misery

CK&66

LIQUID. ^ TABLETS. SALVE. NOSE CROPS

603

RURAL NEW-YORKER

Subscribers’ Exchange

Other Advertisements of Subscriber* s
Exchange will be found on page 611.

Help Wanted

CHRISTIAN GIRL, housework, plain cook¬
ing. Suburb New York City. Room, bath.
State wages expected. References. LARKIN,
187 41-89th Ave., Hollis, Long Island.

WANTED — Houseworker in good health.

Family of three. Six room house. State
salary, experience and age; give references.
Write MRS. JOHN BISCHOFF, 16 Birchhill
Road, Great Neck, N. Y.

HELP WANTED: Intelligent, experienced,
unattached, unencumbered woman as
assistant in office and home - of bungalow
colony, near New York. State qualifications,
wages expected with home.. ADVERTISER
2714, 'care ’ Rural New-Y<Jrker.

WANTED — Experienced woman or couple
for kennel work; private kennel. AD¬
VERTISER 2725, care Rural New-Yorker.

TWO WHITE women, 25-45, for cooking
and housework; village, near New York.
Must be dependable, neat. Permanent. $35
per month each. ADVERTISER 2724, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED MAN on small dairy farm, good
milker, willing to help in milk house,
as well as do general farm chores. State
age and salary in first letter. MAPLEWOOD
DAIRY, R. F. D. 2, Greenville, N. Y.

EXPERIENCED GENERAL farmer, single,
industrious, capable of caring for home,
farm, four cows, 30 chickens. Small tractor.
Good home. $50. ADVERTISER 2720, care
Rural New-Yorker.

GIRL — General housework, cooking, assist
two children; physicians home in suburbs
New York. Good wages. Experience un¬
necessary. References. Write JOHN W.
HAUSER, 111-35 Puritan Ave., Forest Hills,
L. I., N. Y.

COUPLE OR woman and daughter, general
housework for family with three children;
must be accustomed to real country life
and want permanent position. $90 monthly.
Write, EDWARD DODD, Falls Village, Conn.

MARRIED MAN for general farm work,
poultry and pasteurizing. Will consider
only an experienced, dependable, honest,
high type man; no drinking or tobacco.
State full information in first letter; in¬
cluding age, number in family, nation¬
ality, also wages expected. ALVIN WALCK,
Shawnee Road, N. Tonawanda, N. Y.

Situations Wanted

^ y . : 'v •

FARM MANAGER: Young, married, agri¬
cultural and . Graham School graduate,
now employed, seeking position of greater
responsibility. Capable of full charge of
Grade-A dairy. Understand breeding, feed¬
ing for production and crop management.
Experienced with power machinery and
horses. Getr along well with help. Excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2668, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED FARM or estate superin¬
tendent and engineer. Understand handling
of help, utmost efficient management, live¬
stock, poultry and landscaping. For inter¬
view, G. W. G., 107 Evergreen Place, East
Orange, N. J.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN, desires job.

Single, sober, college training, excellent
references. ADVERTISER 2496, care Rural
New-Yorker.

POULTRYMAN SINGLE, 45, experienced,
sober, conscientious worker. Private, com¬
mercial. $60*V»onth with board and clean
living cond.— ons. ADVERTISER 2655, care
Rural New-Yorker.

HANDY, RELIABLE man, realty manager,
seeks offers. Home paramount. 151-A
Northampton St., Boston, Mass.

EXPERIENCED, MIDDLEAGED Swedish
couple for farm work; wife very good
cook. Unfurnished house. Southern Connecti¬
cut. ADVERTISER 2671, care Rural New-
Yorker.

MAN, ELDERLY, wants work at cleaning
eggs, grading, packing, on poultry farm.
Write ADVERTISER 2673, care Rural
New-Yorker.

POSITION WANTED as caretaker or work¬
ing superintendent of small estate within
40 miles of Trenton. Exceptional experience
and references in regard to commercial and
estate experience. Familiar fruit, vegetables,
livestock, and ornafnental work. Small
family. Moderate salary acceptable if em¬
ployed under favorable conditions. AD¬
VERTISER 2677, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, trustworthy, reliable, seeks
position with family; chauffeur, com¬
panion, or any interesting country work.
Will travel anywhere. Sober, clean-cut, ex¬
perienced driver. Wages secondary. AD¬
VERTISER 2682, care Rural New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MARRIED man, thoroughly
experienced all branches farming, high¬
est references, open for position as farm
superintendent or working manager. Would
consider partnership or father, son arrange¬
ment with elderly people. ADVERTISER
2683, care Rural New-Yorker.

A GOOD man for someone to hire. Em¬
ployer wishes to place working farm
manager on modern farm. Married. Life
experience in dairy, crops, poultry, can
operate all machinery. Take full charge.
ADVERTISER 2687, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN, agricultural graduate, de¬
sires position, poultry, vegetable farm;
needs experience; salary secondary. Am¬
bitious, willing, honest, sober. ADVERTISER
2688, care Rural New-Yorker. *

EXPERIENCED CARETAKER, gardener,
poultryman, handyman; New York
chauffeur’s license; good references, age
42, married; daughter 11. But could take
single position. BENJAMIN WHITE, Thomp-
sonville, N. Y.

FARM MANAGER, all branches; long
record of accomplishments. Specializing
Guernseys, Leghorns. Proven profitable re¬
sults. ADVERTISER 2689, care Rural New-
Yorker.

Monument to a Fowl

Our country has various odd and
curious memorials. For instance, in
Cheshire, Mass., there was unveiled
a year ago a monument to the fam¬
ous big Cheese, which the people
of that village made and sent to
Thomas Jefferson, then President of
the United States, in 1802.

Salt Lake City, Utah, has a tower¬
ing memorial to commemorate the
saving by sea gulls of the pioneers
of that State in 1848 from hordes
of grasshoppers that threatened to
devour all the grain in their fields.

In the public square at Enter¬
prise, Alabama, is a monument to
the boll weevil, one of the greatest
pests that ever brought discomfort
and disaster to the farmer. When
the boll weevil wiped out their
cotton, land owners went in for
diversified farming, and were so
successful that they gave expression
to their gratitude by erecting the
monument to the menace and what
it had done as the herald of pros¬
perity.

And in southeastern Rhode Island
is another unique and interesting
memorial. If you were driving from
New Bedford, Mass., in a westerly
direction, just over the State line
you woujdi reach the pretty village

To the Rhode Island Red!

of Adamsville. On the left as you
enter this Rhode Island town, and
just across the road from the Post
Office, there stands in a small plot
of ground, by the side of the high¬
way, a big native stone. On the
face of this stone is a bronze tablet,
with a fowl sculptured in bold re¬
lief — comb, spurs and all! And the
following inscription:

“The Rhode Island Red. — To com¬
memorate the birthplace of the
Rhode Island Red breed of fowl
which originated near this location.

Red fowls were bred extensively
by the farmers of this district and
later named “Rhode Island Reds,”
and brought into national promin¬
ence by the poultry fanciers.

This tablet is placed by the Rhode
Island Red Club of America, with
contributions of Rhode Island Red
Breeders throughout the world, on
land donated by Deborah T.
Manchester. 1925.”

It was in 1854 that two men,
Tripp and Macomber by name, be¬
gan to make poultry experiments
in Rhode Island. By crossing and
re-crossing various breeds over a
period of several years, at last they
had a fowl which they felt was satis¬
factory. The egg yield was high and
the flesh sound for table use.

To Isaac Wilbur went the honor
of naming the new specie, and so
the Rhode Island Reds came into
j existence, • and in 1895, at a poultry
! show in Providence they were recog¬
nized as a legitimate breed.

This unusual memorial, standing
as it does by the side of a much-
traveled highway, i s viewed with
great interest by thousands each
year. So far as we know, it is the
only monument ever erected to a
fowl. M. G.

Massachusetts

COMPANION. HOUSEKEEPER; single,
American, 38, desires position. ADVER¬
TISER 2690, care Rural New-Yorker.

SINGLE, EMPLOYED, age 45, desires
country home within 20 miles Carteret,
N. J. Skilled in beekeeping and capable in
other farm or estate duties. Would con¬
sider part time work for room and board.
References exchanged. ADVERTISER 2699,
care Rural New-Yorker.

ESTATE MANAGER, knowledge of poultry,
cattle, lawns, gardens and flowers. Work¬
ing type. References. ADVERTISER 2701,
care Rural New-Yorker.

MARRIED MAN, mechanical ability, chicken
raising, painter. Desires position on small
estate, within 50 miles of Buffalo. Refer¬
ences. CLAYTON MERRY, Angola, N. Y.

t SINGLE MAN, 29 years old, desires position
j on small poultry or, general farm, or as
{ caretaker small private estate. 12 years ex-
tperience, half on poultry farms. Handy with
' tools. Have Maine, Pennsylvania driver’s
license. JOSEPH WILE, care Holden Sawin,
R. F. D. No. 2, Harrison, Maine.

MIDDLEAGED WIDOW, houseworker or
caretaker for one or two adults. ADVER¬
TISER 2716, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARM MANAGER and herdsman, married,
38, three children; high and agricultural
school education seeks position on modern,
up-to-date dairy or general farm; purebred
cattle preferred. Life experience in dairy
work. Good machine man, soil and pasture
improvements. BOX 83, Bernardsville, N. J.

SINGLE MAN, experienced herdsman, farm
manager, vegetable gardener will work
and help make a home. Protestant. Honest,
reliable. ADVERTISER 2709, care Rural
New-Yorker.

AMERICAN, 50, married, life experience
poultry, truck farming and estate work.
CORNELL, 78 Silver Lane, Rockville Center,
New York.

EXPERIENCED COUPLE with a high school
girl desires position, farmer, teamster,
drive. Wife good cook, housekeeper for
hoarding house. Connecticut preferred. AD¬
VERTISER 2712, care Rural New-Yorker.

TEAMSTER, WOODSMAN, caretaker, single,
age 49. Swedish naturalized. ADVER¬
TISER 2715, care Rural New-Yorker.

YOUNG MAN wants work on farm for
board and small pay. Prefer New York
State. TY COBB, 550 West 132nd St., New
York City.

MIDDLEAGED HOUSEKEEPER and son 18,
desires work on farm or country place
in Protestant family; in New York State.
CLARA FIELD, Washington, N. J.

COUPLE, AMERICAN, cook, serve, house¬
work, garden, lawn, repairs, general handy.
ADVERTISER 2717, care Rural New-Yorker.

BOY 18, strong, willing, with some ex¬
perience wants to work on farm in ex¬
change for room, board and small wage.
Write, MALCOLM HAYWOOD, 201 West
85th St., New York City.

ELDERLY CARPENTER wants work, city
or country. J. PLEVIER, 164 East 31st St.,
Paterson, N. J.

Fruits and Foods

DELICIOUS CLOVER honey, 5 lb. pail
postpaid 90c; 10 lb. pail $1.70. GARDEN
GOLD APIARIES, West Bloomfield, N. Y.

CLOVER HONEY, 10 lbs. $1.50 prepaid.
SPENCER BAIRD, Fayetteville, N. Y.

HONEY, CLOVER, raspberry blend, delici¬
ous; 5 lbs. 90c third zone; fourth, $1.
JOSEPH FEKEL, Vineland, N. J.

EXTRA NICE light clover honey, postpaid
into third zone: 1, 5-lb. pail 85c; 2 pails
$1.60 and 6 pails $4. Write for wholesale
prices. FINGER LAKES APIARIES, Homer,
New York.

HONEY! 60 best clover $4.80; buckwheat
$4.20; Fall amber good flavor $4.20. 28

clover (handy pail) $2.40. 24 combs clover
$3.60. Not prepaid. 10 clover postpaid $1.60.
Satisfaction guaranteed. F. W. LESSER,
Fayetteville, N. Y.

MICHIGAN LIGHT amber honey, mild
flavor; 60 lbs. $3.60. CHAS. G. MARSHALL
& SON, Linden, Michigan.

FINE HONEY, 60 lb. can, here, clover $4.60;

light amber, mixed clover $3.80; buck¬
wheat $3.90; Fall flower $3.60. 10-lb. pail

delivered $1.75; mixed and buckwheat $1.40.
RAY WILCOX, Odessa, N. Y.

PURE MAPLE syrup of the very finest
quality, $2.90 per gallon; $1.50 per half
gallon at the farm. BROOKVALE FARM,
Windsor, Mass.

PURE PORK sausage, real country style,
5 lbs. $2 postpaid. STEINER’S FARMS,
Prattsville, N. Y. Telephone 547.

HONEY — Our choicest white clover, 60 lbs.

$4.80 here; 10 lbs. $1.60 postpaid. Also
buckweat. A J. NORMAN, Geneva, N. Y.

AVERY’S GOLDEN wildflower honey, 10
lbs. $1.60; 5 lbs. $1 prepaid. Will ship
C.O.D. H. J. AVERY, Katonah, N. Y.

BLACK WALNUT meats, extra selected,
hand picked, resifted. One lb. 80c; 2 lbs.
$1.55; 5 lbs. $3.75. Prepaid. All quarters
95c lb. R. L. HARMAN, Dillsburg, Pa.

FINEST QUALITY, new crop, pure, Georgia
sugar cane syrup. Barrels or cases. Paper-
shell pecans. Lowest prices. LEE PATRICK,
Quitman, Georgia.

GENUINE VERMONT clover honey, 5 lbs.

(liquid) $1.10; 2 pails $2; 5 lbs. (liquid
and comb) chunk $1.25; 5 lbs. creamed

$1.25. Postpaid. Hot biscuits, Vermont
honey! FRANK MANCHESTER, Middle-
bury, Vermont.

CHOICE CLOVER honey, 5 lbs. 90c; 10,
$1.60. Buckwheat, 5, 80c; 10, $1.40 post¬
paid. 60 clover, $4.80; buckwheat $4.20 here,
liquid. HARRY T. GABLE, Romulus, N. Y.

PECANS — Extra large Stuarts, new crop
from the South: 5 lbs. $1.25; 10 lbs. $2.30;
Schleys, 5 lbs. $2.25; 10 lbs. $4.30. Mahans,
5 lbs. $2.10; 10 lbs. $4. Shelled, 2 lbs. $1.40.
Salted, $1.50 Delivered 4th zone; guaranteed
unconditionally. J. TRUS HAYES, Grower,
Box 45-R, Merchantville, N. J.

November 15, 1941

CLOVER HONEY, fancy white, 60 lbs.

$4.60; 120 lbs. $9. Choice white $4.40; $8.60.
Amber $4.20; $8. Clover-goldenrod $3.90;

$7.40. Pure goldenrod $3.50; $6.60. LAVERN
DEPEW, Auburn, N. Y.

GEORGIA PAPER shell pecans, large fancy,
10 lbs. $2.50, express prepaid. WHIPPOOR¬
WILL PLANTATION, Valdosta, Georgia.

NEW CROP, Georgia papershell pecans, 5
lbs. $1.35; 10 lbs. $2.35. Express prepaid.
MISS MAGGIE’S PECAN GROVE, Valdosta,
Georgia.

ROASTING PIGS for sale. Fancy milk-fed
suckling pigs. United States inspected.
Fresh killed daily. Weight from 11 to 14
pounds. All cooled and ice-packed and will
reach you in good condition. Send check
or money-order for one or more at five
dollars ($5.00) each. WALTER LUX, 44
Arlington Road, Woburn, Mass.

GOAT CHEESE digests easier. Lb. 75c;

3 lbs. $2, prepaid. TWIN PINE GOAT
FARM, Wantagh, N. Y.

HONEY — Choice honi-spread clover or up¬
state buckwheat in new delicious form
that spreads like butter, discovered at
Cornell University. 2 lb. can 50c; 4 lb. can
80c < delivered third zone. Makes ideal
Christmas gift. Also blossomsweet liquid
honey. All our honey is graded according
to Government standards. Write for prices.
FINGER LAKES HONEY PRODUCERS CO¬
OPERATIVE, INC., Groton, N. Y.

HONEY-SPREAD, delicious, 100 pure honey
spreads like butter, clover or buckwheat,
5 lbs. postpaid $1. Nectar brand honey,
clover 5 lbs. 80 cents; two for $1.50. Buck¬
wheat or Fall flowers, 5 lbs. 75 cents or
two for $1.40 all prepaid. HONEY BROOK
APIARIES, Coxsackie, N. Y.

WILD RASPBERRY, also orange blossom
honey, liquified, finest quality, 5 lbs.
$1.25; 2, $2.25. Try our unique gift assort¬
ment, 6 lbs. named, different honeys, $2
carton. Postpaid third. HARRY MERRILL,
Merrick Road, Massapequa, N. Y.

Miscellaneous

WANTED — Apple wood for the manu¬
facture of saw handles. HARRY R.
HAINES, Box 119, Rt. 1, Moorestown, N. J.

PRINCESS PINE, first grade, bundled, $8 per
100 lbs. PETER LASCO, Forest City, Pa.

BEAUTIFUL HAND painted pine cones,
red- white-blue, silver and gold, lovely
metallic lustre, suitable for all decorations.
Splendid Christmas tree ornaments. Box of
20 for $1 postpaid. Assorted colors.
SEVEN ACRES, Green Village, N. J.

ADIRONDACK BALSAM pillows 12x14 in.

Also hand woven rag rugs, popcorn de¬
sign about 25x48 in. $1 each postpaid; other
sizes. DWIGHT G. COOK, Chateaugay, N. Y.

WANTED — Two-can milk cooler, 2-row
cultivator for F-12 Farmall, and corn
harvester. Give full details, age, extent of
use, condition and price. ADVERTISER
2702, care Rural New-Yorker.

70 QUILTS $4-$30. Crib quilts, aprons,
rugs, goosefeather beds, pillows, quilting
done. Circular of Christmas gifts. VERA
FULTON, Gallipolis, Ohio.

WANTED — Small used sickle bar mower
with gas engine, in good condition. H. M.
LESTER, R. F. D. Stormville, N. Y.

WANTED — Garden tractor, five horsepower
with tools. E. SCHRODER, 1814 Second
Ave., New York City.

WANTED — Wire rabbit hutches in good
shape. MICHAEL J. WARNICK, 220
Wheeler St., Cliffside, N. J.

WANTED — Incubator about 5,400 capacity,
hatcher about 1,800 capacity, also electric
automatic egg grader. Give details and
price. MOREY PARK POULTRY FARM,
Box No. 327, Albany, N. Y.

FOR SALE: Red E garden tractor and
equipment, good as new. ADVERTISER
2718, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED TO purchase 200 tons of baled
hay, best grade, first and second cutting
alfalfa and clover. 25 tons wheat or oat
straw. ADVERTISER 2710, care Rural New-
Yorker.

WANTED — A few grafts of the following
apple varieties: Norton’s Melon, Swazie,
Bottle Greening, Hunt Russet. Pears:
Dearborn, Fulton, Bamdywine. Please
communicate with IRA GLACKENS,
Center Conway, N. H.

POULTRY PRODUCTION

603 Page Book With Index

Edited By

William Adams Lippincott
and

Leslie E. Card

Illustrated with 215 Engravings

With the Following Chapters

Price $4.00

Plus 4 Cents Sales Tax for New York
City Residents

For Sale By

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER

333 West 30th St., New York

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

609

Enrich with

MINERALS

Use " Lime Crest”

CALCITE CRYSTALS

Enriched Mash Feeds

Many brands of feed are minerally enriched
with “Lime Crest” Calcite, your dependable
aid for flock mineral protection.

Inaddition, keep‘‘Lim» Crest” Calcite
Grit before y^Ui r'UUA-. j at all times
to satisfy additional mineral hunger.
Write for literature

LIMESTONE PRODUCTS CORPORATION
of America, Box O, Newton, N. J.

NATIONAL DEFENSE CALLS FOR

EGGS .... MEAT

HUBBARD’S New Hampshires

{jive, you

Loth!

Hubbard Farms

Box 1 2 WALPOLE. N. H.

FIVE 300- EGG E RS
IN ONE CONTEST PEN

Five pullets in our Pen No. 74, Pennsylvania,
completed the 1940-41 Contest with scores rang¬
ing from 303 to 328 eggs. Space does not permit
us to detail other remarkable Contest records
made this past year by Warren birds. Write
for our new Catalog giving a full analysis.
MASSACHUSETTS— U.S. PULLORUM CLEAN
Straight R. I. RED Chicks sired by Advanced
It. O. P. males from 240-341 egg dams.
ROCK-RED Barred Cross Chicks from selected
R.l. Red females mated to Barred Rock Cockerels
from an outstanding ll.O.P. Strain. A real dual-
purpose cross for both meat and eggs.

Sexing Service — Pullets Guar. 95% Acc.

Write for new Price List, effective now.

J. J. WARREN

Box 20, North Brookfield, Mass.

'Bonded A9ainst B.W.D.1

WHITIrOCK

B BABY $ gm

1“ CHICKS... 7 M*

EGGS FOR $ wm
j HATCHING.../ #•

PER

too

PER

100

SPECIAL PRICE ON LARGE ORDERS

All Eggs used are from My Own .Breeders. 100-%
State Tested (BWD free). Tube Agglut. TOL¬
LMAN'S BOCKS famous for RAPID GROWTH,
EARLY MATURITY, Profitable EGG YIELD.
Ideal combination bird for broilers, roasters or
market eggs. Send for FREE Circular.

I SPECIALIZE ONE BREED. ONE
GRADE at ONE PRICE.

DEPT. F

ROCKLAND
MASS.

JOSEPH

TOLMAN

Chicks From Our 6,000

GOLDEN-HAMP BREEDERS

(Developed from Christie strain). Fifteen
years breeding experience. Top quality broilers —
Top quantity production of large brown eggs — quiek
growth. 98% livability guarantee. The greatest dual
purpose money-maker. Pullorum Clean. Hamps or Roek-
Hamp Crosses. Sex-separated or straight run.
FREE CATALOG

SANFORD E. ALGER Jr.

Box 3, - Brockton, Mass.

U PROFIT-BRED FROM PROVEN STRAINS

NEW HAMPSHIRES, LEGHORNS. R. I. REDS
BARRED and WHITE ROCKS, CROSS BREEDS
Pullorum tested since 1921, 95% livability guar. to
3 wks. Bred for low mortality, early maturity, high
aver, production. Also sexed pullets 95% acc. guar.
PULLETS 5000 six weeks old also fall
For Sale Now! to ready-to-lay CHICKS
Write for Catalog A Prices. Hatches year around.
SUNNYBROOK POULTRY FARM
A. Howard Finger, Owner A Manager.

BOX H, HUDSON, NEW YORK

CHICKS FROM BLOOD-TESTED STOCK

New Hampshires, Barred & White Rocks, Leghorns,
White Cornish, Dark Cornish, Crosses; Poults, Guineas,
Goslings, Pekin and Muscovy ducklings. List Free.

INDIAN VALLEY POULTRY FARM & HATCHERY
Est. of L. B. RITTEN HOUSE. Rt. 2, Telford. Pm

ti*

Chamberlin

-»* POULTRY FARMS-

• ‘ fk;,'

I BARRED ROCHS

lin Poultry Farms, 1

Hardy Chicks from our
5000 (Yt.-US) Pull.
Clean Breeders. Make
good layers, broilers 1
Also sexed pullets, cock¬
erels. Folder. Chamber-
lx. 6, W.Brattleboro.Vt.

Finish Turkeys Properly
Before Marketing

No amount of wishful thinking
will put a real prime finish on a
turkey. Every year at the time of
the Thanksgiving harvest of turkeys
for the annual feast, we see thou¬
sands of turkeys on the market that
are not properly finished.

Quality Counts

Quality of finish in turkeys should
be the aim of all producers. Turkey
meat is now being consumd the year
around, and for that reason, if for
no other, turkeys that are not ready
for market at Thanksgiving should
be sold later when properly finished.

In order to secure the proper con¬
dition of birds for market, they must
be (1) healthy, (2) physically ma¬
ture, and (3) properly fed.

Healthy Birds <

Turkeys that are sick and out of
condition cannot be properly finished
for table use. So it is important that
the flock be sorted and only the
healthy, vigorous birds be fed for
the Thanksgiving Day market. Birds
that are out of condition may need
special handling and feeding to get
into condition for a later market.
Major causes of losses in growing
turkeys are due to (1) digestive dis¬
orders, (2) respiratory infections,

(3) bacterial and fungus diseases,

(4) parasitic infestations, principal¬
ly blackhead and coccidiosis, (5) and
nutritional disorders.

Physically Mature

Many turkeys displayed in the
market places of our nation, do not
show a proper fleshing or pigmenta¬
tion because of immaturity. Turkeys
will not be (1) well feathered, (2)
properly fleshed, (3) or adequately
pigmented unless they have reached,
or are near physical maturity. Each
year thousands of turkeys are killed
for the Thanksgiving trade that need
a month or six weeks to reach a
proper finish.

If the growers would sort out these
immature birds and finish them for
the Christmas or later market, it
would have a beneficial effect on both
market appearance and price. For
example, let us consider some cold
facts. The Bureau of Markets of one
of the Northeastern states has
furnished me the following statistics
in regard to the per cent of native
turkeys that fail to grade fancy — 19
per cent at Thanksgiving; 8 per cent
at Christmas. These figures definitely
prove that a lot of immature turkeys
are marketed, and positively in¬
dicate that many more turkeys fail
to grade fancy for the early market,
but reach maturity and are ready
for the Christmas market. Some
strains of small turkeys may reach
physical maiurity at 24 weeks of
age. Large turkeys may require
26-30 weeks, or more.

Time of Hatch

The evidence presented indicates
that a lot of turkeys are hatched
too late to be in prime condition for
the Thanksgiving market. Let us
then as turkey growers plan our
hatches next year, if we have not
already done so, so that those
turkeys that we are growing for the
early Fall market will be mature
physically and in prime finish be¬
fore they are killed and dressed.

Prime Finish

If turkeys are hatched early
enough and are healthy and well fed
and managed, if may not be neces¬
sary to fatten them before market¬
ing. However, most growers find it
advisable to adjust their feeding
program so that the birds will be
well fleshed and pigmented. Con¬
dition of feathering can also be used
as a guide, and birds with feathers
well matured will dress off much
easier and cleaner than those with
immature feathers and lots of pin
feathers.

Attention should also be called to
the fact that in general, turkeys
grown in confinement are slower to
reach mature feathering than range
grown birds; thus additional time
should be provided for these to reach
prime condition before killing.

Defects

Major defects in dressed turkeys
are specifically, (1) bruises due to
scuffing in dressing and rough hand¬
ling, (2) poor fleshing and un¬
finished bird i, (3) poor picking and
excessive pin feathers, (4) poor
bleeding. It is evident that many or
all of these defects can be overcome
by most turkey growers. The net
result would be to increase materially
the value and appearance of the
great American bird — the turkey.

T. B. Charles I

• Full speed ahead on production, . . .
including eggs, . . . demands our Govern¬
ment. 300,000,000 extra dozen are needed.
Says the U. S. Government: “Production
can be stepped up quickly by better feed¬
ing.” And, to make it worth your while,
they will support egg prices till June
1943 ! !

So, take the bottleneck out of egg production
with Pratts Laying Mash, ... a feed that can
guarantee '’all-out” production, since all its
ingredients pass a scientific third degree. Here's
but one example :

Meat scrap and fish meal add egg making
animal protein to any mash. But they may con¬
tain so much fatty acid, it destroys vitamins A
and E, . . . two other elements vital to top
production.

Two samples of meat scrap can look alike,
. . . cost the same, . . . their guaranteed analysis

be identical. No feed man alive could see a
difference. Yet, one may contain 7 times more
fatty acid than the other.

One would help produce more eggs, . . . the
other more egg slumps!

That’s why Pratt scientists put such ingredi¬
ents thru an ether bath. It extracts and meas¬
ures the exact amount of fatty acid present.

PRATTS LAYING MASH ingredients are
scientifically X-rayed in many ways. Colorimet¬
ric analyses for vitamin A efficiency are made.
Vitamin D and G potency is established.
Science’s searchlight is turned, full-force, on
each ingredient. Result?? PRATTS LAYING
MASH, ... a feed we know will help you
produce more eggs.

Your job, . . . your opportunity, ... is to get
every egg you can. Ours, ... to make a feed
that WILL produce them. Pratts DO their job.
Feed Pratts and you’ll do yours ! !

See your dealer. Demand PRATTS LAYING
MASH and be sure your egg baskets will be full
again tomorrow !

IF DEALER CANNOT SUPPLY SEND COUPON FOR FULL INFORMATION

Pratt Food Co., Dept. 311
Philadelphia, Pa.

I feed . Layers.

Please send me full information on why PRATTS LAYING WASH guarantees me
heavy egg production.

Name .

Address . . . . .

Town . . . State .

610

**e RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 15, 1941

QUIT CACKLING-
AND STARTLAYING !

There’s no question about the egg demand,
there’s no doubt about the profit . . . the
problem today is production!

At a time like this, don’t forget Dr.
Hess Poultry Pan-a-min. It gets as much
as 23 more eggs per bird per year for us and
it ought to do the same for you.

Pan-a-min is a two-job product —
supplies tonics and minerals. The tonics
stimulate body functions. Minerals are

egg-making material, just like the car¬
bohydrates and proteins in grain.

We don’t believe — with the egg prospect
what it is today — you can afford to get
along without Pan-a-min. The least you
can do is give Pan-a-min a trial . . . we’ll
refund your money if you’re not satisfied.

DR. HESS & CLARK, Inc.

ASHLAND, OHIO

HALL'S

CHICKS

Dor J^ro^ilcilfe production

id (J3roider Raiding.

“For the past 31 years, we of Hall Brothers Hatchery
I have been doing all wo knew and couliS learn to produce
the most profitable chick possible — a real QUALITY chick.
We have rhosen our breeding flocks for their ability to
produce chicks that LIVE WELL, GROW FAST, MATURE EARLY and

become HEAVY LAYERS. Add to this the most modem hatching equipment and

expert poultry knowledge, and you can see why I believe HALL’S Quality CHICKS will

make more money for you than any other chicks you can buy."

A. B. HALL, Pres.

Our Hallcross Pullets are nationally famous.
The Hybrid Vigor of these chicks makes' for
greater egg production and egg size from the mature pullets.

Our Barred Hallcross is a favorite.
\ ’ ' ’* iin.wn.n Bred for Vigor and

1 Early Feathering, they develop into Heavy Meated
Broilers. We also hatch chicks of 6 Pure Breeds
and 4 Hallcrosses. Order yours now.

FOR EGG PRODUCTION

FOR BROILER RAISING

All chicks from Pullorum free stock by State test,
FOR \ shipped prepaid and guaranteed 100% live delivery.
FREE y ORDER EARLY — as bookings are heavy.

.CATALQS^

HALL BROTHERS HATCHERY , INC.

BOX 60, WALLINGFORD, CONN.

Rurpee’s GIANT

>s¥&-gm

Exquisitely ruffled and 25v
fringed, richly veined. Glor- PACKET
ious giant 5 -inch blooms in
shades of Scarlet, Pink, ■■■V
Lavender, Copper Colors,
etc., mixed--a 25c-Packet of Seeds Burpee’s Seed
postpaid for just 10c-- Send dime today. Catalog FREE
W. fltlee Burpee Co., 350 Burpee Building, Philadelphia

Wen e& Chicks

BROILERS- ROASTERS -EGGS

II C « J East’s Largest Chick Producer-Hatching Capacity
Hatches Evmv 1,800,000 Eggs. All Popular pure or crossbreeds.

Week Bloodtested. Sold on CREDIT if Desired. Write
Year Around for FREE CATALOG and BARGAIN PRICES.

WENE CHICK FARMS, Depl.M-3, VINELAND, H. J.

-V OF QUALITY- CASH Ok CM

■Jfmrmm Bmum

100% dal. guar. Postpaid Str. Pits. Ckls.

(Pullets Guar. 95%) 100 „ 100 100

English White Leghorns Special .. $7.00 $13.00 $4.00
B. & W. Rocks, R. I. & N. H. Reds 8.00 8.50 7.00

Mixed $6. H. Mixed $7-100. CATALOG FREE.
L. E. STRAWSER. BOX R, MeALISTERVILLE, PA.

PARMENTER STRAIN RED CHICKS

Pure double pedigreed. Trapped for extra large brown
eggs. 2000 Pullorum free breeders. Circular.

KIMBALL POULTRY FARM. MILFORD, MASS.

Make Money With Turkeys

Read America's oldest turkey magazine. Learn newest
methods brooding, feeding, confinement growing, dress¬
ing, marketing. One year $1.00: five months 50c.
TURKEY WORLD, Desk 292, MOUNT MORRIS, ILL.

TIIRXFYS Lauxmont Farms Improved White Hollands

I UIYIYL 1 J Leading Prize-Winners at big shows offer
special prices for October. November. Selected blood-
tested young breeder Toms and Hens. Poults in season.
Write for Circular and Prices. Place your orders now.

LAUXMONT FARMS, Box RN, Wrightsville, Pa.

To Subscribers:

Please report any change in your address
direct to us and not through your mail car¬
rier or postmaster. The Post Office Depart¬
ment no longer permits delivery of mail in¬
correctly addressed and magazines and news¬
papers will not he forwarded. Please notify
us at once of any error in the address label
on your R. N.-Y., and two weeks in advance
if you wish to change your address.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER.

BRENTWOOD

NEW HAMPSHIRES

Customers receive tops in livability,
growth, feathering, broiler quali¬
ties, early maturity, and high all-
weather production with Brentwood's
New Hampshires and Cross-Breds.

Brentwood Breeding can give this
to you too. 15.000 Breeders on our
own farm — N. H. State Accredited.

100% B.W.D. clean — no reactors.

Satisfaction guaranteed. Write to¬
day for our catalog.

BRENTWOOD POULTRY FARM
Mslvin Moul, Owner
BOX R. - EXETER. NEW HAMPSHIRE

Christie's NEW HAMPSHIRE

«/i’/o'ASPIZZERINKTUM

45,000 BREEDERS N.H.-U.S.
Pullorum Clean-World’s Largest New
Hampshire Flock — Famous SPIZ-
^ZERINKTUM Strain for Fancy
Broilers and Roasters and Large Brown
Eggs of High Interior Quality. Immense
demand makes immediate reservations
imperative. Straight New Hampshires,
Straight Barred Rocks and Chris-Cross Hybrids.

Write today for Catalog and Price List.
ANDREW CHRISTIE, Box 60, KINGSTON, N. H.

Chicks That Live

Our 33 years of fair dealing insure
satisfaction. Hatches every week.
Write for prices.

KERR CHICKERIES, Inc.

19 Railroad Ave. Frenchtown, N. J.

LEHMUTS^r

CASH OR C. O. D. Str. Pullets Ckls

100% live del. Postpaid. 100 100 100

Eng. W. Leg. (Pits. 95% guar.) . .$7.00 $12.00 $4.00

Bar. Box & R. I. Iteds . 8.00 9.00 8.00

N. H. Reds & Wh. Rox . 8.50 10.00 8.50

Heavy Mixed . 7.00 8.50 7.00

All Breeders Bloodtested. CATALOG FREE.

Lehman Strawser Hatchery. Box R. McAlisterville. Pa.

2 0 O March Rock-Red laying pullets, 4% -5
v V ibs. •<§> $1.50. May R. I. Reds ready -
to-lay $1.65; 3%-4 lb. size $1.40; 3-3% lbs. $1.25.

LOVELL GORDON, ESPERANCE, NEW YORK

• CHRISTIE’S STRAIN N. H. REDS •

Baby chicks and Pullets. Approved Blooded tested stock.
Hatches every week. All commercial breeds. Circulars.

V. S. KENYON, (R) MARCELLUS, NEW YORK

Publisher’s Desk

I wrote you some time ago about
a balance of $23.40 due me by Y.
Mita, 349 Woodbine St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. I thought you people were
good at collecting bills. But it seems
to me you are like a lot of people
today. Make a lot of promises in
order to gain more subscribers.

New York e. a. g.

Eggs were shipped in January and
February. A $10 payment was made
in May and the account sent us in
July. We know farmers need their
money and they are entitled to pay
for their goods but we have no
magic wand to wave to compel pay¬
ments. We can telephone, write
letters and dun a debtor to the
limit, but if he ignores all demands,
and sometimes disappears, not even
an Aladdin’s lamp could discover him
much less get any money from him.
We never relax our efforts while
there is hope of getting a settlement
and there is no charge for what we
do. In some cases we are successful.
In other’s we are not but we never
consider the time and money we
expend and are gratified if we
succeed and discouraged when we
fail. But it is too long to wait on
a dealer for payment from January
to May. If a prompt payment is not
made, do not extend further credit.
We regret that we failed our friend
and while we are pleased to have
new subscribers we do not make
false promises to get them.

I am having a little trouble with
the Distinctive Hosiery Company of
Laconia, N. H. I had four stocking
clubs of 10 girls each, a total of 40
girls. Each gave me 25 cents a week
for 10 weeks. This made $10 a week.
Each week four girls would get their
orders urtfil all 40 girls had their
order. When the last order went in
I was to get my reward of either
merchandise or cash. I selected cash
which amounted to $20.83. I have
written dozens of letters and they
said they would send my check. I
have not received a check nor any
replies to my letters. They have had
ample time to send it if they intend
to be honest. Two girls are still
short on their orders. mrs. n. d. v.

New York

This business is said to have been
operated by Charles H. Tilton under
the name Distinctive Hosiery, but
the claim is considered worthless as
the debtor is said to have no property
or attachable assets and numerous
creditors have been unable to collect
their claims by legal processes.

I sold $30 worth of apples to Jack
Karten, 216 Market Ave., Wallabout
Market, Brooklyn, N. Y. He gave
me a check for $30 and left a $10
deposit on apples he would collect
In a few days. The next day he
telephoned asking me to hold the
check. His truck driver brought
another $20 check but retained the
$10 deposit and said Karten said
the apples were too big. I cashed
the check but it was returned
marked “insufficient funds.” How
can farmers get protection from
these tricksters? Isn’t there a law
against giving checks when there
are no funds in the bank? Will you
please try to collect this for me?

New York b. t.

Karten was not bonded by the
Department of Farms and Markets.
Letters to his address were returned
undelivered. He could not be located
and the account was not collected.
It is a misdemeanor to issue checks
when there is no money in the bank
to cover them but when a person
decamps there is little chance to
prosecute a claim. The experience
shows the necessity for having refer¬
ences before you dispose of your
goods. We regret that we failed to
help out in this case.

How can I get my wages from a
man who owes me since 1928? He
made a payment in June 1929, and
nothing since. The balance is $44.35.
When I asked for my pay he told
me he had no money to pay me. I
earned my wages working on stones.
Several others complained of the
same treatment. H. h.

Pennsylvania

The party failed to respond and
as the claim was barred by the
Statute of Limitation and the debtor
had no assets and paid no attention
to demands for settlement, it was
impossible to get these wages for
our reader.

I am concerned in the payment
of a certain mortgage on real prop¬
erty, held by the Federal Land
Bank of Springfield, Mass. The
mortgagor in procuring a loan from
the Federal Land Bank a number
of years ago was required to sub¬
scribe for 10 shares of stock at $5
per share, paying a total sum of $50,
the conditions of the stock certificate
or receipt was to the effect that the
amount would be credited by the
bank upon final payment of the
mortgage. Arrangement was made
for the final payment including the
stock certificate. The Land Bank
repudiated the certificate and re¬
turned the same, refusing to give
credit as indicated. Will you kindly
inform me if there is any course
to be pursued to recover the amount.

New York mrs. r. l. j.

The Federal Land Bank explains
that the Farm Loan Act provides
that one who obtains a loan from
the bank shall acquire stock in the
national farm loan association and
the association in turn shall acquire
stock in the bank. The association
endorses and becomes liable for the
payment of all loans made by the
bank and in turn members of the
association are liable for the debts
of the association. If the association
sustains losses and is indebted to
the land bank, the proceeds of the
stock are used to liquidate the in¬
debtedness of the association to the
bank. The association is not in
position to settle with its borrower
for his stock. When all association
debts are paid in full then the share¬
holders will be entitled to partici¬
pate in any remaining assets. The
court has held that if at the time
a borrower pays his loan in full the
association is indebted to the bank,
the borrower is not entitled to re¬
ceive credit or payment for his stock
in whole or in part. There is a hope
that at some future date the asso¬
ciation will be in position to pay
its old shareholders but at present
if an association is indebted to the
bank it will not be in position, to
retire its stock at par upon pay¬
ment of the loan in full.

About 30 years ago my father
died and our family was scattered
and we lost trace of each other. We
were very small at that time. I
have found all but one brother and
have been unsuccessful in my search
for him so far. His name is Winifred
Ferrin and I believe he calls him¬
self Fred. I know you do not run
a “missing persons” column in your
paper. I would be more than grate¬
ful to you if you could help me as
I haven’t seen my brother in 30 or
more years. c. e. f.

New York

We do not often make such refer¬
ences but we would like to locate
this brother and hope some one can
help with information.

With so many inquiries coming in
about Diesel engines and places to
study it may be fitting to give the
following statements by what we
consider sound authorities:

The Diesel engine is so similar to
the gasoline engine that there is
really no need for a man to go to
school to learn about it. A number
of Diesel schools operated for several
years and have practically all gone
out of business because their gradu¬
ates were unable to get jobs.

There are many government-
sponsored schools offering courses in
Diesel engine operation that have
originated under the Defense Pro¬
gram and are designed to give in¬
struction to enlisted men and
officers in the Navy.

These statements are worth con¬
sidering before rushing into any
proposition connected with Diesel
engines.

Can you find out what has become
of the stock of the Central Metal
Products Corporation? It seems
there ought to be something of it
somewhere. m. e. e.

Virginia

We can find no value to this stock.
It was a Delaware corporation
licensed to do business in Ohio in
1921, but the license was cancelled
in 1937 and we have been unable
to find any record of the company
since.

WRIGHT’S HEALTH UNDERWEAR

WRIGHT’S UNDERWEAR CO.

345 Broadway - New York

Buy Wright's Health Underwear For Christmas

WX 1\J T* 13* * Reliable men to de-

/A 1^1 4 MZt JLr • vote spare time among
home owners and fruit growers, taking orders for
ornamental stock and fruit trees at our moderate
prices. Commission check weekly. No money or ex¬
perience needed. No delivering or collecting. Men past
middle age also find this work pleasant and profitable.
Maloney Bros. Nursery Co. Inc., Dansvllle, New Yerk

PROMPT CASH RETURN

And freight paid for any number of Burlap or Cotton
bags. Good, holey or soiled.

JOHNSON BAG CO., GREENWICH, NEW YORK

Live DPoultry Wanted

KRAKAUR POULTRY COMPANY Inc.

Bonded Commission Merchants Since 1883.

Box 20, West Washington Market, New York City

WANTED EGGS OF ALL KINDS !
S. MEYER & SON, Inc., 300 Greenwich St., New York

BATHROOMS (COLORED), Built-in Tub. Pedestal
Basin. Low-down Toilet, Complete with Chromium
Fittings Beady to install $75. Other Bargains. Cata¬
logue B. SCHLOSSMAN, 545 Third A<e.. New York

ROLLS DEVELOPED

Enlargements, 8 Never Fade Deckle Edge Prints, 25e.
CENTURY PHOTO SERVICE, LaCROSSE, WIS.

ROLL DEVELOPED— 8 Fadeproof Velox prints and 2
Professional Enlargements 25c. Trial offer. Overnight
service. Young Photo Service, 43-C, Albany, N. Y.

Off n CUADTHrC Higher farm prices create
uLLr JDwKIxIuIj immediate milking ma¬
chine prospects. Attractive straight commission proposi¬
tion open to farmer and implement dealer salesmen.

DAIRY EQUIPMENT CO., 381 4th Ave., N. Y. C.

HOGSHEADS FOR AIL FARM PURPOSES

Heads dropped inside. Capacity 120 gallons. $2.00 for
one; $1.50 each fer two or more, F.O.B. New York.

HENRY A. THORNDIKE, Newport. Rhode Island

Whiskey Barrels emPtiedall0Fine frf«

cider, wine or vinegar. $3.80 each: 2 for $7.00.
Freight prepaid. Write for quantity prices.

Stephen J. Reynolds’ Distillery, South Norwalk, Conn.

WHISKEY BARRELS fiil'kKViSS

CASH WITH ORDER, ask for carlot prices.

SHO-OFF ORCHARDS PRODUCTS CO., Peoria, III.

ARMY HORSE BLANKETS Street or cooling 84"x90"
$2.75 each F.O.B. P. TAVETIAN, 61 Rutger St., N.Y.

Subscribers’ Exchange

Rate of advertising in this department 8c per
word, including name and address, each inser¬
tion, payable in advance. When box nnmber
Is used figure five words for the box number.

Copy most reach ns Thursday, 10 A. M.
9 days in advance oi date ol issue.

This department i« for the accommodation of
subscribers, but no display advertising or
advertising of a commercial nature (seeds,
plants, livestock, etc.) is admitted.

Farms For Sale, To Rent, Etc.

WANTED TO rent: Dairy farm, 50-100
Ef’cres. Pasture preferred, good barn, small
house with all improvements; within 40
miles of Newark, N. J., on good road.
ADVERTISER 2676, care Rural New-Yorker.

FOR SALE: 40 acre old run down farm,
buildings bad. $4,500, all cash. Also a
few good dairy farms. Free list. HARRY
VAIL, Warwick, N. Y.

INCOME PROPERTY, two family house,
centrally located, fine neighborhood, acre
ground, orange trees; $2,500, terms. BALD¬
WIN, Orange City, Florida.

WANTED — 50-100 acre farm, Orange, Ulster;

good condition. Give full particulars.
Highway preferable. ADVERTISER 2680,
care Rural New-Yorker.

SACRIFICE HOUSE, 43 acres, $800.
MINNIE PARROTT, Federalsburg. Md.

COUNTRY STORE with Post Office. Only
store. Sales $250 weekly. Nice stock,
fixtures, buildings. Pleasant community.
Price $3,500, terms. VERNON GIFFORD,
East Bethel, Vt.

EIGHT ROOM house, bath, electricity, fire¬
place, set range, sunporch, artesian well;
village property. Ideal for any business. A-l
condition; IV2 acres. Route 22. $3,750.

O’CONNOR, owner, Hillsdale, N. Y.

250 ACRE stocked and equipped modern
dairy farm, private lake, fine home, large
barns; near town, state road. $28,000. “DOC”
BENTON, Otisville, Orange County, New
York. Farms, stores, all kinds. State wants.

FARMS WANTED, within 50 miles of New
York City. Any size or kind. Also
country homes, estates, etc. Many years of
specialization give us a constant stream of
buyers. Send full details, price asked, etc.
STAEHLIN FARM AGENCY, 275-R Madison
Ave., Paterson, N. J.

180 ACRE dairy farm. 40 miles from New
York City, fully equipped. 130 head cattle.
Retail market for milk and pasteurizing
plant. An opportunity of a life time for
two young men, with ability, to step into
an established business. Quite some cash
needed to take over. Address ADVERTISER
2694, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Farm in Connecticut or New
Jersey from 75 to 200 acres, rolling country
with some flat acreage, hunting and fishing
possibilities. Must have brook or water
running through property. State condition
of house and barns. State how many head
of cattle can be taken care of in barns, also
whether on county, state or borough road
and approximately how many miles from
nearest town. Also how much rye or hay
and whether any fruit trees. Will pay cash.
ADVERTISER 2695, care Rural New-Yorker.

40 ACRES, paved road, near bus line; 6
room house, electricity, barn; $1,400,
terms. Others. STARKWEATHER, Grand
St., Oneonta, N. Y.

MARYLAND IMPROVED, long growing
season, productive, dairy, stock and poul¬
try farms, also estates. State size wanted.
ARDELLE KITCHEN, 3341 Frederick,
Baltimore, Md.

FARMS FOR sale. BOX 60, Oxford, N. Y.

$6,000 buys $10,000 yearly laundry. 50 acres,
3.000 hen capacity, Colonial house, main
road. 5 acres, 10 colony houses, $1,000.
ROWSE, Great Barrington, Mass.

WANTED — General or dairy farm, 150-200
acres, tractor, alfalfa land; Southern
New York. ADVERTISER 2721, care Rural
New-Yorker.

POULTRY FARM near Peekskill. now
idle, will accommodate 1,000 to 1,500 lay¬
ing hens. Modern dwelling, running Whter,
eight rooms, bathroom. Purchase option or
reasonable rental to experienced poultry
raiser with adequate funds for venture.
Give experience and references. ADVER¬
TISER 2722, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED FARM, buildings, within repair;

80 miles New York. $1,200, terms. Woods.
ADVERTISER 2719, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Chicken farm with or without
stock, within about 110 miles from New
York City. BROWNSHIELD, 1900 Grand
Concourse, Bronx, N. Y.

FOR SALE: High class dairy and gardening
farm, 106 acres, modem buildings with 11
room brick house. For particulars write,
W. J. HOTALING, R. F. D., Delmar, Albany
County, New York.

GAS STATION, store, restaurant, 10 cabins
with conveniences; 4 acres land; living
quarters; $7,000. ANDREW MARTIN, Route
4, Gettsyburg, Pa.

WANT FARM about 200 acres, within 100
miles New York City. Full description.
ADVERTISER 2639, care Rural New-Yorker.

GOOD BUSINESS opportunity, 7 acres with
pond, Buildings, equipment, for com¬
bination ice and poultry business; Western
Massacusetts. BOX 101, Huntington, Mass.

WANTED TO rent with option to buy,
equipped dairy farm with stock and tools.
Will pay rent in advance. Delaware and
Maryland preferred. ADVERTISER 2648,
care Rural New-Yorker.

WILL RENT part of house, business couple,
writer or artist. Beautiful Colonial farm¬
house. All modern conveniences. One person
occupying one end of house; six miles north
of Middletown, N. Y. Christians. BOX 42,
Winterton, N. Y.

Help Wanted

WANTED, TWO men, one a farm hand,
married, capable of operating tractor; no
milking; the other a first class poultryman.
Steady positions. Also want girl for house¬
work. STEPHEN O’HAGAN, Voorheesville,
N. Y. Albany County.

MANAGER FOR large successful dairy farm
with city retail milk business. Must be
thoroughly capable of taking complete
charge. Good opportunity for man with
ability and aggression. Only man of highest
type with successful previous connections
will be considered. Capital investment in
the business possible. Write giving age, ex¬
perience and references. ADVERTISER
2618, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE ON private estate, Greenwich,
Conn. Duties: In combination to care for
a kennel of Cocker Spaniels. iMan also to
be generally useful on lawn and in vege¬
table and flower garden. Comfortable
cottage on place, heat and light furnished.
Other help employed. Applicants must be
experienced in the work outlined. Give
nationality, age, qualifications for position
and references. ADVERTISER 2651, care
Rural New-Yorker.

136 ACRE farm to lease, house, all improve¬
ments, barn; $15 a month. CANDIDO,
Road No. 1, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

WANTED — Young single man on poultry
and dairy farm. $45 per month, room and
board. JOHN W. RONNER, Red Hook, N. Y.

WANTED — Married or single men for work
on farm. Must be good milkers. Good
wages. B. B. DAVENPORT, Sussex, N. J.

HELP WANTED: Working superintendent,
able to install and ' repair plumbing,
electrical and carpentry. Opportunity for
wife and daughter to work also. Gray Court
College, Ridgefield, Conn.

WANTED — Experienced couple for residence
on large purebred dairy farm. Woman to
do cooking and housework; man to work
in modem, creamery or on dairy farm.
First class references required. M. J.
SHERIDAN, Jr., Blossom Hill Farm,
Lebanon, N. J.

COOK AND general houseworker, neat,
capable woman; $40 to start. Modest,
country home, 45 miles from New York.
Permanent. References and write for ap¬
pointment. ADVERTISER 2679, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single young man to work on
commercial poultry farm. Give full par¬
ticulars and wages expected. ADVER¬
TISER 2678, care Rural New-Yorker.

GIRLS, GENERAL housework in sanitarium,
help nurses; $50 monthly, room, board.
Write full qualifications. SANITARIUM,
2915 Williamsbridge Road, New York City.

MAID, GENERAL housework, no cooking;

adult family; good home. $40. GLUCK,
Berkely Ave., Westwood, N. J.

COUPLE — Long Island. Handyman, gardener.

One cow, chickens. Woman houseworker.
Separate living quarters. State salary wanted.
ADVERTISER 2681, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER AND plain cook. Must
like children. No laundry. 21 Forest,
Ridgewood, N. J.

WANTED — Woman who is a good cook for
small tea room in the country; will ac¬
cept daughter if capable of service. A good
home for the right person. ADVERTISER
2684, care Rural New-Yorker.

EXCELLENT POSITION available for mar¬
ried couple. Ages 35-50. Modern purebred
dairy farm Worcester County. Man must be
good herdsman. Understand thoroughly farm
problems. Wife excellent cook and house¬
keeper, no washing. Maintenance, room with
private bath. Wages $125 per month. Only
those with excellent references need apply.
Send photo. ADVERTISER 2685, care Rural
New-Yorker.

SINGLE MAN, experienced herdsman, pure¬
bred Jersey. Excellent position for right
man. Must have outstanding references.
Good living conditions. Send photo and
salary expected. ADVERTISER 2686, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Cleanly competent woman for
general housework and cooking; who likes
country and children. Two adults and one
child in family. Modern conveniences, good
home. Protestant preferred. State age,
wages expected, references. MRS. CHARLES
MONTGOMERY, Wallingford, Conn.

DOCTOR NEEDS intelligent person, answer
telephone, help with housework, care of
two older boys; some cooking. 178 Forest Hill
Road, West Orange, N. J.

ATTENDANTS, MEN. age limits 18 to 42;

good physical condition; must be United
States citizen; salary $54 per month and
maintenance. Apply in person or by letter.
CENTRAL ISLIP STATE HOSPITAL,
Central Islip, L. I., N. Y.

EXPERIENCED FRUIT farm laborer. Good
cottage, electric lights. Year round job.
Box 101, Milton, N. Y.

WANTED — Reliable middleaged couple, to
work on poultry; experience not necessary.
Good opportunity for willing workers, house
included. State wages. PIEROTTI & SON
Poultry Farms, Milmay, N. J.

MAID FOR general housework in doctor’s
home, suburbs of Albany. Plain cooking,
help care of two children. Girl wishing
permanent position in congenial home will
find this very suitable. Widow with one
child would be acceptable. Salary depends
on ability. References required. J. W.
BELSER, East Greenbush, N. Y. Telephone
Albany 3-2343.

POUETRYMEN FOR 600 chickens, also 40
turkeys, wild and Holland White. Married.
Both should be capable and willing to help
in owners house occasionally; gardening,
flowers and vegetables, etc. Location near
Ashville, North Carolina. References. State
wages. ADVERTISER 2691, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MARRIED FARMER, good dry-hand milker,
familiar with milking machine. Northern
New Jersey. $90, house and milk. References.
Address ADVERTISER 2692, care Rural
New-Yorker.

PLANT MAN for small dairy, married pre¬
ferred. 16 miles from New York City.
Good wages and apartment available to
practical man with good character. Address
ADVERTISER 2693, care Rural New-Yorker.

COUPLE WANTED, handyman, woman
housekeeper, cook, laundress, salary $75
per month. Two adults in family. Reply
state age, nationality, and experience.
ADVERTISER 2696, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Single man, year around; dairy,
general farm. Good board. $40, advance¬
ment. Write age. ability, reference. Sober.
BOX 884. Lake Placid, N. Y.

COUPLES WANTED for cafeteria mana¬
gers, between ages 30 to 45, unencumbered.
Must have pleasing personality. We train
you. References required. F. ADAMS, 36
Seneca St., Geneva, N. Y.

175 ACRE Village dairy farm, 1,000-bucket
sugar orchard. Excellent re-conditioned
farmstead, Northfield. On Central Vermont
railroad. Educational advantages rated high.
Population 3,500. Two-family, 12-room
house, modern improvements, 80 ft. barn,
32-cow stable, 62 ft. young stock barn,
storage sheds and garage. $7,000. Investigate
long-term payment plan. FEDERAL LAND
BANK, Springfield, Mass.

FOR SALE: By owner, good income proper¬
ty; pays 12 per cent net. Near bus, train
and boat lines. ADVERTISER 2670, care
Rural New-Yorker.

STORE PROPERTY with business and
living rooms for sale in Orange County
village. ADVERTISER 2672, care Rural
New-Yorker.

MIDDLEAGED MARRIED couple, man
must be good carpenter, experienced in
dairy and poultry farming; $50 month and
residence in main house. Send references and
experience in first letter. ADVERTISER
2669, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Family with equipment; work
farm. Free rent. MAXFIELD, Jamestown,
Rhode Island.

COUNTRY PLANT approved for New York
City requires plant working man with
a thorough understanding of manufactur¬
ing sweet and sour cream, buttermilk and
propagating of cultures. Must entirely
understand testing and control of operation
from mathematical standpoint. State refer¬
ence, salary and age. Write ADVERTISER
2675, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER, WHITE, 4 adults; small
apartment; good home. $35 month. Write.
MR. BENTZ, 33 Park Ave., Ossining, N. Y.

WANTED — Healthy, middleaged woman who
appreciates a pleasant home to high wages.
MRS. PAUL GETMAN, LaFargeville, N. Y.

GENERAL HOUSEWORKER, white, good
home; three adults, two school age
children. 20 miles New York City. Summer
home Massachusetts. Laundry electric wash¬
er. Permanent. Own room, $50 monthly.
References. MRS. RALPH LONGYEAR. 21
Cedar Drive,- Great Neck, L. I. Great Neck
1521.

POULTRYMAN, EXPERIENCED
dressing. $45 month, good board.
146, Holbrook, N. Y.

culling,

BOX

WANTED — A bright, clean-cut boy 01
girl, between 15-20 years old, who lives
in Pennsylvania and who wishes to earn
an income in spare time. No investment
required but must furnish references as
to honesty and character. Address ADVER¬
TISER 2697, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER, MIDDLEAGED, modern
farm house; two adults, one child, two
farm hands. $45. SUNNYVALE FARM, Rd.
3, New Brunswick, N. J.

WIDOW ON 30 cow farm in mountains
wants man, interested in good home, to
take charge. DeLaval milkers. Must be
kind to animals. Loafers need not apply.
$25 month, board and room. ADVERTISER
2698, care Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Sober, married working dairy
farm manager and herdsman combined.
One with several years successful farm
experience. One who can produce Grade-A
milk and handle help to get results. Don’t
answer this advertisement unless you are
willing and capable of going ahead and
taking hold of the work yourself. Small
family preferred. Living quarters, garden,
fire wood and two quarts milk furnished.
State wages and inclose reference in first
letter. ADVERTISER 2700, care Rural
New-Yorker.

EXPERIENCED POULTRYMAN, board pro¬
vided with clean living conditions. State
experience and starting wage desired.
PEACEDALE FARM, Brewster, N. Y.

WANTED — Married couple, no children, for
medium-sized dairy and general farm;
man for general farm work; wife to assist
with housework; good hand milker, under¬
stand livestock, poultry, crop rotation and
proper application of fertilizers. Live in
with owner, substance furnished. Salary to
start $75 monthly. Apply direct or write
fo EDWARD BRIZZIE, Chatham, N. Y.

WANTED — Married man wanted on Long
Island dairy farm. House and conveni¬
ences. State salary when answering. BOX
F, Smithtown Branch, N. Y.

A SPLENDID opportunity for the right
couple possessing interest and ambition
to develope a fruit and poultry farm.
Agreeable salary at start, shares later, with
a comfortable cottage, and privileges. Lo¬
cated along concrete highway, 10 miles
from Scranton, Pa. Foreign birth preferable.
ADVERTISER 2703, care Rural New-Yorker.

FARMER TO operate 85 acre dairy farm
on shares; stocked and equipped, modern
house. 15 miles east of Troy. OTTO KLOTZ,
154 Second Ave., Troy, N. Y.

WANTED MAN past 50, of good character
to work on farm; small wages; good
home. ADVERTISER 2704, care Rural New-
Yorker.

GIRL FOR light housework and care of
small child. Must be experienced; good
home. Write, MRS. NOVLK, Van Buren
Circle, Stamford, Conn.

COUPLE, WHITE, childless for poultry
farm. Man general farm work, experienced
preferred; wife household. Room, board.
RQSENSTOCK, Kingston Lane, Manmouth
Junction, N. J.

WANTED — Farm superintendent for 500 acre,
fully equipped dairy farm in eastern New
York State. Will consider share operation.
Send full particulars of experience, per¬
sonal habits, family conditions, wages
wanted, etc. to ADVERTISER 2705, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WANTED — Man or boy on retail milk farm;

$60 and board or $90 per month and
board self. L. H. YOUMANS, New
Scotland, N. Y.

WANTED — Farmer and wife to work 100
acre general farm in Litchfield County,
Connecticut. Small Guernsey herd; new
tractor and equipment; modem house, all
conveniences. Wife to cook and assist house¬
work for owner. $100 month, plus share of
gross income. Give age, nationality and
experience. Can wait until Spring for right
man. ADVERTISER 2706, . care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED AT once, a sober, willing man
over 30. Salary $50, room, board and
laundry; year round job. South Jersey
general farm, small dairy, all modern ma¬
chinery. ADVERTISER 2707, care Rural
New-Yorker.

WANTED GIRL for country position as
chambermaid and mother’s helper. No
cooking. Cleanliness and some experience
with children required. Send picture. MRS.
A. L. GLIDDEN, New Canaan, Conn.

MILKERS: Opportunity to obtain good po¬
sition, _ steady work, in dairy. Write for
information regarding work, wages, board,
room, etc. BOX B, Greystone Park, N. J.

HOUSEKEEPER, SLEEP in, complete charge,
three small children; family laundry out.
$60 monthly; teacher’s home. ADVER¬
TISER 2723, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEKEEPER WANTED by professionally
employed couple. One child. Suburban
New York. State qualifications, salary ex¬
pected, references. ADVERTISER 2708, care
Rural New-Yorker.

WOMAN TO make herself useful on small
country place, care of 150 chickens, take
charge when owner is away: private room,
good home to right party. No objection to
one child. State salary desired and give
full information. 15 Arch St., Newark, N. J.

COUPLE WANTED for five acre farm, 20
miles from New York City, having cows
and chickens; woman to cook and do
housework, man chores and outside work.
Excellent home and wages. ADVERTISER
2711, care Rural New-Yorker.

CAPABLE GIRL or older woman wishing
good home, willing to assist with children
and, housework. Own room, pleasant country
surroundings. Permanent position. BOX 877,
Chappaqua, N. Y.

MAN HANDY with tools for mink farm,
near New York. Write salary, etc. AD¬
VERTISER 2713, care Rural New-Yorker.

HOUSEWORKER — Small house, 2 children;

latest equipment; good home, own room.
$35 monthly. CLARK, Summit Ave.,
Oradell. N. J.

Other Advertisements of Subscriber’s
Exchange will be found on page 60S.

Harvest time is accounting time...

. time to check real expense against
waste expense . . . time to check real per¬
formance against waste performance.

Let’s start with your tractor... Every
turn of its wheels means money to you
. . . and whether it’s a good turd or a
bad turn depends pretty much on the
kind of oil that’s on the job.

If you are using 150-Hour Veedol,
you start with a neat saving in oil alone
over old-time 60- and 75-hour oils. But
that’s only the beginning. This pure
100% Pennsylvania oil provides a posi¬
tive piston seal that protects your
pocketbook from excess fuel consump¬
tion. On a saving of but 5% in fuel,
150-Hour Veedol pays for itself over
and over again.

With winter coming on, there is still
another Veedol saving. It has the fluid¬
ity to assure quick starting plus the
stability to hold its body after engine
warm-up. This means you can use a
lighter grade and save on the friction-
drag of heavy oils.

There is a Veedol lubricant for
every make of truck and passen¬
ger car! These Veedol Oils are
made 100% from Bradford-
Pennsylvania crude. Veedol
greases and gear lubricants meet
all modern operating conditions.

A PRODUCT OF

TIDE WATER ASSOCIATED OIL COMPANY

150-HOUR VEEDOL
cuts costs these 5 ways
in your gasoline tractor

1. Saves Fuel . . . Reduces
power “blow-by”, minimizes
dilution . . . thus saves fuel con¬
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2. Saves Oil ... In many cases
doubles operating hours be¬
tween oil refills.

3. Saves Losses . . . Ends time
and money losses from need¬
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4. Saves Repairs . . . Greater
resistance to heat and friction
cuts costly tractor repairs.

5. Saves Tractors . . . By re¬
ducing wear, assures long, eco¬
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From the Typical R. N.-Y.
Farm Family

Rural New-Yorker readers will
remember that Father and Mother
McCready, with sons Pat and Jack,
of New Galilee, Pa., were selected
last year by popular vote as The
Typical Rural New-Yorker Farm
Family to make a trip to the 1940
New York World’s Fair. Just the
other day we received a letter from
Father McCready in commemoration,
so to speak, of the anniversary of
last year’s October festivities.

As we read and enjoyed Mr.
McCready’s friendly letter, we could
not help thinking that many of our
friends had probably often wondered
“how those McCready folks have
been getting along since their trip
to the World’s Fair.” Well, here is
the story in Father McCready’s own
words:

“One year ago we were having
the time of our lives at the New
York World’s Fair. Hardly a day
goes by but what we think of the
fine time we had there the week of
October 14, 1940. They are very' dear
memories. I get quite a thrill now
to pick up our scrap book or our
picture books and look them over.
How much more of a thrill it will
be to look them over, say when we’re
three score years and ten or older.

“Well, how are all The Rural
New-Yorker Family? I hope Mr.
Dillon is still enjoying good health.
Best wishes to you, Mr. Berghold,
and we’re still looking forward to
that promised visit from you as well
as from Miss Wool worth. Also,
“hello” to Miss Keyes. I always have
read her “Publisher’s Desk” page but
it is more interesting now, since I
have met her.

“We are all well and have had
a very prosperous year not only in
crops but otherwise. On March 1 of
this year we celebrated our 25th
wedding anniversary. Our neighbors
and friends, numbering about 150,
called in surprise fashion in the
evening. They presented us with a
lovely set of silverware. On July 29,
daughter Virginia, who was married
on our 24th anniversary, made us
Grandpa and Grandma by present¬
ing us with a bouncing eight pound
baby boy. He is a dandy and is
doing\fine. He now weighs 14V2
pounds. Pat and Jack are back in
high school although they missed
several days to help with silo filling,
as hired help was scarce. Our second
daughter, Marie, is working as a
filing clerk at our capital at Harris¬
burg. She has been there since
June 30 this year. The fine people
she stays with plan to have her drive
them over to New York City in the
near future and we want her to drop
in and say “hello” to all of you.
Irene, our oldest daughter, is a
practical nurse and has been work¬
ing in Wampum, Pa. for the past
2V2 years and likes it very much.
She takes care of the banker’s
mother, who is bedfast. Mrs.
McCready has heaved a sigh of re¬
lief having just finished canning
about 600 cans of fruit and vege¬
tables.

“We had a very dry April this
year but had good crops of hay,
wheat, oats, and corn. We filled our
43 ft. silo full, refilled it three times,
and expect to husk between eleven
and twelve hundred bushels of good
hard corn besides. I planted all
Hybrid corn this year and it stood
up fine. Several bad storms went
around that flattened a lot of corn
fields but I guess we were due for
a break, because in 1939 and 1940
our corn fields were badly damaged.
We had to cut it nearly all one way.
We have finished digging a healthy
crop of potatoes.

“We’re still producing milk below
cost of production but feel that we’re
ahead of the New York dairy farm¬
ers that are under the Federal Order.
We were successful in defeating the
Federal Order here in the Pittsburgh
area and we have two men to thank
for that. They are Mr. Joseph
Herring, President of United Farm¬
ers, Latrobe, Pa., and Mr. Homer
Nicely, an Enon Valley, Pa., farmer.
Let’s hope that some time in the
near future we can be United Farm¬
ers in all the territories where
National Dairy exists.

“Will close now feeling justly
proud of having met all of you grand
people and also that we won our fine
trip last year through the efforts of
the best farm paper that comes into
any American home.”

* J. S. McCready

Jim Burton
Got Stuck with
His Steers

Jim always was lucky. If he hadn’t
stalled near Billy Well’s place where he
got shelter for the steers they all might
have frozen to death. But when he
finally got to market the price was off.

Don’t depend on luck to protect
your truck and load, your car and pas¬
sengers. Long before winter strikes
have your Weed American Bar-Re¬
inforced Tire Chains ready. They
give double the mileage.

It pays to get Weed American
extra values: /. Bar-Reinforced Cross
Links. <2* Weedalloy — a tougher metal.
3 . Patented Lever-Lock End Hooks —
positive fastening. Jf. Side Chains
welded and hardened to resist wear.

For greater safety and greater
traction for car, truck and tractor
equip with Weed Chains. Made by
American Chain & Cable Company,

FOR SAFE WINTER DRIVING

WEED AMERICAN

Bar-Reinforced TIRE CHAINS

\/ 1 r* Published Bi-Weekly by the Rural Publishing Co.. Nnuomkor OQ ^ QA1 /'®«-«i't9red as Second-Class Matter July 17, 1936, at the Post 1U. CC1 7

V OI. V. 333 w. 30th St.. New York. Price Fifty Cents a Year. lhUVCIIHJCI CiZ/ , lC/^-r X yy^Otflce at New York, Nr^Yi.V under the Act of March 3, 1879. X «

28 1341 I

■

Photo — Russell S. Anderson. Rocky Hill. Conn.

Sheep Always Work in Well as Part of the Farm Family

614

The RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 29, 1941

What Is A Fruit?

By H . B. Tukey

The answer to the old question of whether
a tomato is a fruit of a vegetable is that it
is both, and that it is a berry to boot! But to
- state it in that way only adds to the confusion,
while to clarify it one need only say that
the tomato plants belongs to the type of
plant known as a “vegetable,” that the
marketable product which it bears is a
“fruit,” and that this fruit is of a particular
type known as a “berry.”

To go a little more into detail, a fruit
develops, of course, from a blossom, and a
blossom is simply a group of specialized
leaves which are involved in the process or
reproduction, that is, of reproducing the plant
by seed. That a fruit encloses the seed is
incidental to the main feature of reproducing
the plant.

Obviously then, a fruit may be borne on
a tree, like a peach fruit; on a vine, like a
pea pod; on a grain plant, like a kernel of
wheat; on a vegetable plant, like a tomato;
or in the ground, like a peanut. The distinc¬
tion is not as to where it is borne, how it is
borne, or on what kind of a plant it is borne,
but whether or not it develops from a flower.
If it does, it is a fruit. And so a so-called
dandelion “seed” floating in the air is really
a fruit, a so-called maple “seed” twisting to
earth from the tree is a fruit, and even a
kernel of corn is a fruit. ,

The reason we become at all confused in
our thinking, and get to quarreling as to
whether a tomato is a vegetable or a fruit,
is because we are thinking of two different
things at the same time, namely, the tomato

plant, which is a vegetable, and _

the edible tomato, which is a
fruit.

But to return to the blossom and
the fact that each of the flower
parts is merely a specialized leaf.

A peach blossom at full bloom in¬
cludes five pink petals, five green
calyx lobes, 15 to 25 pollen-bear¬
ing stamens, and a single green¬
ish portion deep in the center
which is called the “pistil” and
which is destined to develop into
a peach fruit.

The green calyx lobes are easily
recognized as leaf-like, though
admittedly of a specialized form
and type quite unlike true peach
leaves. The petals, too, are noth¬
ing more than specialized leaves,
pink in color and characteristic in
shape; and the stamens are merely
specialized leaves which produce pollen
grains. As for the green pistil, in the center
of the flower, though not always so easily
recognized as a leaf, it too is a specialized
leaf which is to become a fruit.

The reason the pistil is not so easily
recognized as a leaf is that it is really a folded
leaf. That is, instead of being spread out flat
like the pages of an open book, the two sides
are folded together down the midrib like the
pages of a closed book. A very good illustra¬

tion is a pea pod. If the pod is broken open
along one side and spread out as is done
when peas are shelled, it does not take much
imagination to see the pod as a leaf. The
back of the pod is the midrib of the leaf, and
the side opposite to that, which is broken open,
is where the two edges of the leaf come to¬
gether. The outside of the pea pod is really
the back of the leaf, and the inside of the
pod is the upper surface.

In the case of the pea pod, however, the
pod or “fruit” is commonly not fleshy and
edible, excepting with certain varieties. A
snap bean pod, however, is sufficiently thick¬
ened so that it becomes worth saving and
eating, in fact, seed and all. It is now only
a step from a bean pod to a peach or cherry
fruit, and a little examination will show
both the “backbone” or midrib of a peach
or cherry and the “bellied” or front side
where the edges of the “leaf” come together.

Incidentally, the names “backbone” and
“belly” are not so far fetched as one might
think, because early botanists used rather
freely the terminology employed by students
of animals. That is, they thought of the mid¬
rib of the leaf as the backbone or dorsal
region, and the opposite side to the dorsal
side as the ventral side or belly. And so
horticulturists speak of the “dorsal suture”
and the “ventral suture” of a cherry, a peach,
a plum, and an apricot — the dorsal suture
being the more narrow line at the back of
the fruit, and ventral suture being the wider
line at the front or belly of the fruit.

But the pea pod, the bean pod, the peach,
the cherry, and the plum are simple fruits.
That is, they are composed of a single
specialized leaf, to which the botanist quite

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A cherry fruit is a specialized leaf, part of which is fleshy and edible, and
part of which is hard. The pit is part of the fruit and is not the seed. The

seed is inside the pit.

naturally gives a name of its own and calls
it a “carpel.”

Actually, in nature, there are about as
many variations from this general pattern as
one could imagine. The simplest is a. fruit
that consists of a single carpel such as has
just been discussed, but one which is dry,
not fleshy and succulent. So-called “seeds”
of corn and wheat fall into this class and are
really “fruits,” inside of which, or fused with
it, are the true seeds.

The next step in an orderly arrangement
of fruits is one consisting of a single carpel,
part of which becomes hard and part of
which remains soft and fleshy. Examples are
the peach, cherry, plum, and other so-called
“drupe” fruits. The “pit” is the part of the
carpel which becomes hard and inedible, and
while it is common to speak of a peach pit

Each druplet of a raspberry is a fruit by itself,
so that an entire raspberry is an aggregation

of fruits.

adjacent plant parts. The apple, for example,
consists of five carpels, surrounded by a
fleshy stem. The carpels make up the core,
for the most part, and the cartilagenous part
of the carpel which gets into the apple sauce
and causes family discussions is analagous to
the pit of a peach. When we eat an apple,
therefore, we eat a stem.

But the pineapple is the crowning achieve-

_ ment in the development of a

fruit, for in the pineapple fruit
almost the entire above ground
part of the plant has become
fleshy and edible. The central core
that is commonly removed, is
analagous to the trunk of a tree.
The segments which radiate from
this central core are analagous to
side branches of a tree, and on
these branches are borne the
flowers or “eyes,” which, too, are
commonly removed when the
pineapple is prepared for the
table. And so, were one to eat
an entire- pineapple he might
very properly put forth the claim
that he devoured a tree!

Well, it may not add much to
the financial return to worry
about such details, but there are
fruit growers aplenty who know
that the biggest satisfactions in life are not
on the money profit side of the ledger — if
they were, they would have been out of the
business long ago! It is the knowing of little
items like these that add a bit to a more
abundant life and add real interest to the
job of growing fruit.

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An apple is analogous to five cherries in a cluster
with a stem around them, so that when we eat
an apple we eat a stem and we throw the
five cherries (core) away.

as a “seed” it is not a seed, it is a part of
the fruit. The seed is the “kernel” inside
the pit.

The next step in arrangement is a fruit
consisting of a single carpel, all of which
becomes soft and fleshy, such as the snap
bean or the avocado.

But fruits may be made up of more than
one carpel, and so the arrangement repeats
the same order from dryness to fleshiness
beginning with dry fruits of more than one
carpel, such as the “seed” of the buckwheat,
maple, and radish; followed by part dry and
part fleshy, such as the cocoanut; followed in
turn by entirely fleshy, such as the grape
and the tomato, both of which are in addition
designated true “berries.” The orange, too,
is called by some a berry.

Further, a fruit may comprise not only the
carpels but portions of the stem or other

Apple Crop Failure in 1849

In the first issue of The Rural New-Yorker,
January 3, 1850 is an account of the failure
of the apple crop of the previous year over
most of the United States where apples were
then grown. Here is the description:

“Most of the fruit that survived the
pestilence, whatever it may have been, are
injured by a fungus, or black blotch, that
renders them shapeless — the pulp woody and
imperfect. It seems to be an organized para¬
site, that propagated and increased for a
period — disorganized the tissues and hindered
the fruit from expanding and increasing in
its growth in those parts it covered, causing
cracks and fissures so deep that often the core
and seeds were exposed. Some species of
pears were also affected, especially the
Summer bon Chretien.”

Some of the experts of the time laid it to
“East wind and rain which might have caused
the fruit to become addle.” Others thought it
might be “a peculiar miasma in the atmos¬
phere.” Others called it “one of those inscrut¬
able workings of nature mat defies in¬
vestigation, like the potato rot and fire blight
on the pear tree.”

Apple scale and sooty blotch as we know
them in damp seasons, might have been the
cause.

<P* RURAL. NEW-YORKER

615

Turkey Dinners

Thanksgiving has for many generations
been the one time of year when the average
family had turkey on the menu. With- the
advent of two turkey days last year, it was
recognized that any day can well be suited
for the “King of Poultry Meats.”

The Army is now not only eating plenty
of fresh eggs and chicken but is also being
served turkey in increasing amounts. This
may well mean that by the time the present
emergency is over that the annual consump¬
tion of turkeys will be tripled
or quadrupled.

Turkey Production

Turkey growing was very
definitely on the decline until
sanitary rearing methods, de¬
veloped in chicken growing, had
been applied to the brooding and
rearing of turkeys. With better
methods of brooding and rearing,
turkey production has increased
until 1940, when a record crop
of 33,463,000 was reported by
the U. S. Department of Agri¬
culture, exclusive of more than
1,000,000 turkeys lost in the
great storm. This year, according
to latest figures, the crop will be
about 33,553,000 turkeys, and
with the general rise of prices
will bring appreciably more than
last year’s crop.

In the U. S. Department of
Agriculture report under date of
September 1941, in the Poultry
and Egg Situation, they state,

“This year’s slaughter, however,
probably will be smaller than
1940. Fewer turkeys were carried
over from last year for market¬
ing in early 1941, and more will
be carried over into 1942 because
of the late hatch and the proba¬
bility of some increase in the
number of breeding stock.”

Next Year’s Prices

It is estimated by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture that
there will probably be a normal
increase of 10 per cent in turkey
production for 1942. This is an
expected production under the
present economic outlook. Stat¬
ing it another way, it is expected
that this increased number of
turkeys can be marketed at a
profit by producers, but at the
present time no guarantee of
price support for 1942 is prom¬
ised by the government. Thus
production for 1942 is up to the
good judgment of the turkey
growers.

Types of Turkeys

Turkey types (body shape) are
being revolutionized, and soon
the old slab-sided turkey will be
a thing of the past. We have the
recent development of the so-
called small turkey, the U. S.

D. A. White and the Nittany being
leading breeds in the small sized
turkeys.

On the other hand we see the
broadbreasted turkeys, and the
baby beef types. As is the case
in most species of live stock as
size increases beyond an average,
we experience more trouble with
infertility and poor hatchability.

Thus the small-type turkeys will
in most cases give much better
results in higher fertility and
hatchability.

While this is a serious problem
for the breeder, it is not of so
much importance to the person
who purchases poults primarily
for production of meat.

The turkey growers of the
United States are now seeing
their birds used the year around.

This, means that they are com¬
peting with all other meats, as

well as chickens, for the consumers prefer¬
ence. Because of this factor, as well as the
importance of holding this market, once
secured, the better type turkeys must rapidly
replace the poorer meat type turkeys. This
can be speedily accomplished if all people
growing turkeys at once discard as breeders
all slab-sided, poor meat type turkeys, and
shift their efforts to better meat type turkeys
that are now available.

Grading Schools

Recently at Durham, N. H., there was held

the Fifth Annual New England Turkey Grad¬
ing School. This was staged by the New
England Turkey Producers’ Association, co¬
operating with the New England State De¬
partment of Agriculture, and the staff of the
Poultry Department, University of New
Hampshire. Some 75 growers and inspectors
attended this meeting to discuss the selection,
killing, grading and marketing of turkeys.

Some of these new types of turkeys were
on display, in comparison with the older slab-
sided turkeys. It seems self-evident that as
soon as the consumer has had a chance to see
the broad-breasted type turkey,
either small or large, in the
market, that those turkeys of
poorer meat type will be dis¬
counted in price, and soon will not
be wanted for Thanksgiving or
Christmas dinners.

T. B. Charles

Turkey growers and buyers demonstrate the way to pick the live birds for
market in the New England turkey grading school held at the University

of New Hampshire.

Mrs. Helen McLaughlin, head of the home economics department of the
University of New Hampshire, at a special ladies prograyn in the New
England turkey producers school held at the University, demonstrates the
carving of a bird after having shown how the bird is prepared for the

oven and the family table.

Professor P. H. Margolf of Pennsylvania State College demonstrates the

making of a turkey roll.

Perennial Border for the
Farm

This late Fall period is a grand
time of year to get the man of
the house to do a little flower
gardening! We have found by
nine years’ experience that a
perennial border means a great
deal. If properly made, it is easy
to care for; it furnishes blooms
in the garden and cut flowers for
the house from early Spring until
the last killing frosts of Autumn.
The first essential is proper
preparation of the soil. Choose a
spot which has reasonably good
drainage. If the soil is poor, that
can be remedied by a few loads
of good loam.

Our perennial border is six feet
wide and we like width so the
tall growing perennials can be
used as a background, and that
each plant may have ample space
around it. The trench should be
dug- out to a depth of two feet.
If necessary, put in drainage
material; as the soil goes back, it
should be sifted. Only good soil
should be used, and since good
top soil is usually less than two
feet in depth this means bringing
in some extra. We do not believe
in mixing animal manures with
the soil as it goes back into the
trench because as this dries out
a foot or more beneath the sur¬
face, it means dry spots during
. hot weather and drought. About
two pounds of hydrated lime per
estimated bushel of soil is good;
we also mix in about five pounds
of 5-8-7 fertilizer per estimated
bushel of soil. We use manures,
poultry or cow, as top dressing so
that it will disintegrate as it
works into the soil for humus.

The sifting takes out all weed
roots, pebbles and stones. The
new bed should be built up so it
is three or four inches higher than
the surrounding ground, as it will
settle during the Winter. If
manure is available, it can be
spread over the bed. Winter rains
will t ark the goodness down into
the soil.

Good varieties for the farm
perennial border are: Delphini¬
ums, violets, perennial Phlox,
oriental poppies. Spiraea Astilbe
(a lovely, tall, feathery, pink
flower) Veronica spicata for June
blooming, Veronica longifolia sub-
sessilis for August) and hardy
Chrysanthemums for late Fall.

If you haven’t a well-prepared
bed for your favorite perennials,
late Fall, when farm work is less
pressing, is an excellent time to
prepare for next season’s beauty.

h. s. p.

616

Tfe RURAL NEW-YORKER

November 29, 1941

What Would Hitler Give
For An Army Like This?

Food for Freedom . . . the Spirit of 1942

Cows to give 125,000,000.000 lbs. of milk; hens to lay 48,000,000,000 eggs;
79,000,000 hogs to give up their lives; 750,000,000 chickens for poultry meat . . .
and so on. These are food production goals already set for 1942.

HAT would Hiller give for this army?
The best answer to that question is
what wouldn't he give?

This army of cows, hogs and chickens, not
to mention other livestock and food crops —
which no nation but ours can raise — is the
army that will win the war; the army that
will dictate terms; the army that will estab¬
lish a world order in which free men can
live in peace with their fellows and find
favor in their Creator’s eyes.

This army is being mobilized now on our
farms . . . mobilized for greater food pro¬
duction in ’42 than in any pre¬
vious year. The future of the
whole civilized world is bound
up with our effort to produce
all the vital foods, rich in nu¬
tritional value, which our own
huge defense program de¬
mands, and which heroic Brit¬
ain requires.

The job we have undertaken is
tremendous. It involves sharp

YOUR (ARM CAN IfflP

ik iwtp stuns KMimn tt lemeumiK ★

increases in livestock, poultry, eggs and
dairy products.

Your nation asks you to roll up your
sleeves and produce as you never have be¬
fore. Farmers are the only Americans who
can do this one job which is the absolute
rock bottom of national defense.

Your farm is a munitions plant. Food is as
vital as guns, bombs, ships, tanks or planes.
Foods from your farm will build our own
strength and morale. Those self-same foods
are the very core of Britain’s defense,
the stamina and spirit of her people. It
is up to us in 1942 to furnish
one-fourth of all the animal
protein food that Britons eat
—.enough to feed 10,000,000
people.

Food is the biggest gun in the
whole war . . . and we can pro¬
duce more food and better
food of the needed kinds than
any other nation in the world.

“Food for Freedom.”

This is one of a series of reports from the United Stales Department of Agriculture published
by the Chilean Nitrate Educational Bureau , Inc., in furtherance of the Nation’s agricultural
defense program. Publication of this report in this space does not constitute endorsement by the
United States Department of Agriculture of any commercial product.

rpee’SgiflNT

Zinnia*

Seal-let, Lavenifer.Vellow, .

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_ Mooj»b6 inchesrxcrass— the fonrl
beet colors, a 15-Packet of each,*
postpaid forlOc. Senddime today* __

^Burpee's Seed Catalog FREE — all beet flowers,
“Vegetables. Have a garden— help produce food.
W. Atlee Burpee Co., 349 Burpee Building, Philadelphia

The FARMERS
SHOP BOOK

By leuis M. Roehl

• A revised guide to
teach farm hoys to
do ordinary construc¬
tion and repair work,
and to help farmers
maintain up to date
tools and equipment.

• This hook contains
illustrations and chap¬
ters on grinding and
fitting farm carpentry
and woodwork tools.

Painting, repairing and
refinishing furniture,
soldering, etc.

9 A 4t2 page cloth
bound hook.

Price $2.48

3c Sales Tax for New York City Residents.

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER
333 W 30th Street . New York City

If Ruptured
Try This Out

Modern Protection Provides Great
Comfort and Holding Security

Without Tortuous Truss Wearing

An “eye-opening” revelation in sensible and
comfortable reducible rupture protection may
he yours for the asking, without cost or obliga¬
tion, Bimply send name and address, and full
details of the new and different Rice Method
will he sent you Free. Without hard flesh-goug¬
ing padB or tormenting pressure, here’s a
Support that has brought joy and comfort to
thousands — by releasing them from Trusses
with springs and straps, that hind and cut. De¬
signed to securely hold a rupture up and in
where it belongs and yet give freedom of body
and genuine comfort. For complete information
— write today!

WILLIAM S. RICE, Inc.
Dept. 64- A, Adams, N. Y.

STRAWBERRIES

PAY ALLEN’S BERRY BOOK

* * describes best early me¬

dium, late and everbearing varie¬
ties. Tells how to grow big, lu¬
scious berries for home and mar¬
ket. Copy Free. Write Today.

W. F. ALLEN COMPANY
72 West Oak St., Salisbury, Md.

Sweet Cherry on Mazzard Stock, Apples, Pears etc.

Catalog free. Samuel Fraser, Geneseo, New York

How SISALKRAFT

CcverCorn Crlbt

LtneHen Houses

Portable Silos

Saves You Money

House8ant<4nQ
•nd Door Covering

Cover TooHund
MocKfnery

look ot these woys fo use
Ibis tough, waterproof paper!
It’s handy as canvas, and
lots cheaper. Use it for cov¬
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it when you build or re¬
model. Keep a roll handy!

The SISALKRAFT Co,

205F W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, I

9^a Cords in 10 Hours/

ALONE you eaw down tree*,
etc., fatter, caeicr than 4 men
with 2 croBBcat eawu. Foldn up
like jackknife — eaeily carried.
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by farmer a ainee 1883. New low prices.
Write for FREE catalog today!

FOLDING SAWING MACHINE CO.. P 2744 W. 37th Place. Chicago

Several Varieties on One
Tree

We bought these premises in
1910. Having a little room on
either side of the house, I set out
a vigorous young apple tree and as
soon as well established began graft¬
ing into it — Gravenstein, Porter,
McIntosh and Winter Banana on
primary and secondary branches,
five varieties in all; enough of every
kind for table use. I am sorry to
say that the tree was badly damaged
by the fall of a huge old elm at the
time of the hurricane.

In a pear tree, a Clapp Favorite,
I grafted Sheldon, a large and small
variety of Seckel and a Beurre Bose,
all of which bear well, as many as
we can use. I have also a fine
Bartlett which bears all that we can
use, some to give away and some¬
times a bushel to sell. It is such a
fine tree that I have never had the
heart to graft it.

The point is that young people
on a small place can have a variety
of fruit, enough for table use and
some to preserve or to pickle —
favorite varieties, not usually found
in markets, in succession, with few
to waste, from single trees. My
Bartlett illustrates the opposite — too
much fruit of a single variety — the
surplus spoiling if not sold or given
away and no more until next year.

If the original stock is strong and
well headed it is not difficult to pro¬
duce four additional varieties either
in pears or apples. Preferred varieties
may be substituted for those men¬
tioned. The idea is to get a success¬
ion of fruits not readily obtained
in markets, to be enjoyed over a
considerable period, with little or
no waste. The season of the Clapp
Favorite is very short. Few families
could use the entire crop from a large
tree in the brief period before they
begin to spoil.

We have had pears picked early
and ripened off the tree from the
middle of August and have plenty
on hand to last until Thanksgiving
Day — with enough preserved and
pickled to last well through the
Winter, excepting the Bartletts,
from a single tree.

Also I suggest to young people in
the country to set out rock maple
trees in corners of their lot and in¬
side the highway line. They are very
ornamental if well pruned and pro¬
duce beautiful autumn foliage; a
very clean tree from which some
one in years to come may be able
to produce enough syrup for a year’s
use. We have one such tree now
about 45 years old which I have
transplanted three time to make
room for other buildings. We have
tapped it for several years and,
more for amusement than for practi¬
cal use, have made several pints of
fine “new syrup” for table use.

Friend of Trees

CONTENTS

THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, Nov. 29, 1941
FARM TOPICS

North Country News . 623

4-H in Orange County . 625

Western New York News . 625

News From New Jersey ‘ . 628

HORTICULTURE

What is a Fruit . 614

Apple Crop Failure in 1849 . 614

Perennial Border for the Farm . 615

Start Oompost Heap . 617

Making Cuttings Take Root . 617

LIVESTOCK AND DAIRY

Milk and Cream Supply . 618

October Milk Prices . 619

Farmers Lose, Dealers Gain . 619

At the New Jersey Station . 620

Earlville, N. Y., Sales . 621

New Meat Labeling Rules ■ . 628

WOMAN AND HOME

Give Thought to Your Table . 622

Handicrafters-Gardeners . 622

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